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AUBURN  UNIVERSITY 
LIBRARIES 


Presented  by 

Dr.  Harold  H.  Punke 


NON  CIRCULATING 


Digitized  by  tine  Internet  Arcinive" 

in  2010  wjtii  funding  from 

Lyrasis  IViembers  and  Slo^  Foundation 


littp://www.arcliive.org/details/handbool<ofuniverOOgall  , 


PUTNAM'S  HOME   CYCLOPEDIA. 


HAND-BOOK 


UIIYERSAL  GEOGRAPHY; 


(fo|Ettm  of  tljB  WnW. 


EDITED    BY 


T.  CAREY  CALLICOT,  A.  M. 


NEWYORK:  ^ 

GEORGE  P.  PU-TNAM  &  00. 
18  5  3. 


m- 


Entered,  according^to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1853, 

BY    GEORGE    P.    PUTNAM    &    CO., 

In  the  Clerk's  Office  for  the  Southern  District  of  New  York. 


THOMAS    B.  SMITH,    STKREOTYPER, 

216  vvTr,r,iA.M  strbkt,  n.  y. 


R.  CRAIGHEAD,  PRINTER, 
.'>6  VESEY  STREET. 


AUBURN  UNIVERSITY 

HALPH  BROWN  DRAUGHON  LIBRARY 

AiSBURN  UNIVERSITY.  ALABAMA  36849 


5/2'//'?^ 


PEEFACE. 

There  is  no  book  of  reference  more  useful  to  all  classes  of  readers 
than  a  good  Gazetteer ;  and  such  a  work  was,  therefore,  necessarily 
embraced  in  the  plan  of  Putnam's  Home  Cyclopasdia.  Sensible  that 
the  utility  of  this  volume  must  depend  entirely  upon  its  accm-acy,  the 
editor  has  spared  no  pains  to  attain  that  object,  by  careful  revision, 
and  by  comparison  with  the  best  and  most  recent  authorities.  In 
fullness  of  nomenclature,  it  is  believed  that  the  work  will  compare 
favorably  with  any  that  has  been  pubhshed.  By  means  of  a  well- 
considered  system  of  abbreviation,  and  by  mentioning  only  the  more 
important  particulars  under  each  head,  the  editor  has  been  enabled 
to  give  some  account  of  more  places  than  are  enumerated  in  M'Cul- 
loch's  and  other  works  of  greater  size.  The  largest  gazetteers  pub- 
hshed in  Europe,  and  reprinted,  or  in  circulation  in  the  United  States, 
are  exceedingly  deficient,  and  often  erroneous,  respecting  American 
geography.  The  fuUest  of  these  foreign  publications  is  Johnston's 
Dictionary  of  Geography,  which  has  been  employed  as  the  basis  of 
the  present  work.  Since  Johnston's  compilation,  however,  new  cen- 
suses have  been  taken  in  the  United  States,  Canada,  Great  Britain, 
Ireland,  France,  Belgium,  and  other  countries,  and  new  places  have 
sprung  up  into  importance  in  California,  Central  Axaerica,  and  else- 
where. These  have  been  duly  noted,  and  the  names  of  nearly  all  the 
townships  and  counties  in  the  United  States,  which  Johnston  over- 


PREFACE. 


looked,  have  been  incoqDorated.  To  make  room  for  these  improve- 
ments and  additions,  the  names  of  all "  the  parishes  of  Great  Britain, 
which  are  of  little  or  no  interest  to  the  people  of  this  country,  have 
been  omitted.  In  short,  the  editor  has  endeavored  to  make  the  volume 
as  useful  as  possible  to  American  readers.  It  would  be  unreasonable 
to  suppose  that  there  are  no  errors  of  omission  and  commission,  but 
the  general  accuracy  and  fidelity  t)f  the  v^ork  may  be  relied  upon. 

The  editor  acknowledges  his  obligations  to  the  Hon.  William  H. 
Seward,  Senator  of  the  United  States,  and  to  his  Excellency  the 
French  Minister,  M.  de  Sartiges,  for  documentary  information ;  also 
to  J.  C.  G.  Kennedy,  Esq.,  sujDerintendeiit  of  the  census  bureau  in 
4ihe  Department  of  the  Interior,  at  Washington,  for  his  kindness  in 
permitting  statistics  of  population,  &c.,  to  be  compiled  from  the 
manuscript  returns  in  his  office. 

Most  of  the  abbreviations  used  are  so  obvious  that  explanation  is 
unnecessary,  but  to  prevent  misapprehension,  a  list  is  subjoined  of  all 
.those  that  can  possibly  be  misunderstood. 


LIST  OF  ABBREVIATIONS. 


Abp. 

Affl.  and  Afflts. 

Archbishop. 
Affluent,  or  Affluents. 

Archip. 

Archipelago. 

Arr.  and  arrond. 

Arrondissement    (French 

district). 

B. 

Bay. 

B.,  r.  b.,  and  1.  b. 

Right  and  left  banks. 

Bor. 

Borough. 

Bp. 

Bishop. 

Cant. 

Canton. 

Cap. 

Capital.     , 

Cathed. 

Cathedral. 

Cath. 

Cathohc. 

Centr. 

Central. 

Cent. 

Century. 

Ch.  or  chf. 

Chief. 

Circ. 

Circle. 

CoL 

Colony,  or  colonial. 

Coll. 

College. 

Comm. 

Commune,  or  Conmnmal. 

Corp. 

Corporation. 

Deleg. 

Delegation. 

Dep. 

Department. 

Dioc. 

Diocese. 

Dist.,  Dists. 

District,  districts. 

Div. 

Division. 

Dom. 

Dominion. 

Elev. 

Elevation. 

Emp.    ^ 

Empire. 

Expts. 

Exports. 

Fahr. 

Fahrenheit. 

Fl. 

Florins. 

Fortfd.  or  fortif. 

Fortified. 

G. 

Gidf. 

Gov. 

Government   (Russia, 

Greece). 

Gt. 

Great. 

H. 

Haut,  Haute  (upper). 

H. 

Hessen,  as  H.-Darmstadt. 

Ho. 

House. 

Ht. 

Height. 

Hund. 

Hundred. 

Impts.     ^ 

Imports. 

Indep. 

Independent. 

Inf. 

Inferior  (lower). 

Isth. 

Isthmus. 

Kgdm. 

Kingdom. 

L. 

Lake. 

Landr. 

Landroostei,  a  division  of 

Hanover,  &c. 
A  district  of  Sweden,  Lap- 

Laen 

land. 

Leg. 

L^ation. 

L.b. 

Left  bank  (of  a  river). 

Litt. 

Little. 

Lr. 

Lower. 

Luth. 

Lutheran. 

M. 

Miles. 

Min. 

Mineral. 

Mkt.  or  Mkts. 

Market,  or  Markets. 

Mntn. 

Mountain, 

Mod. 

Modem. 

Munic. 

Municipal. 

Nr. 

Near. 

"Num. 

Numerous. 

O. 

Ocean. 

Opp. 

Opposite. 

p.  or  Pop. 

Population. 

Pa. 

Parish. 

Pari. 

Parliamentary. 

Pash. 

Pashahc    (Turkish   pro- 

vince). 

Pont,  or  Pontif. 

Pontifical. 

Presid. 

Presidency  (India). 

Prod. 

Products. 

Prom. 

Promontory. 

Propr. 

Proprietor. 

Prov. 

Province. 

Pts. 

Parts. 

Pub. 

Public. 

R.,  rt.  b. 

Right  bank. 

Railw. 

Railway. 

Reg.  (circ,  or  dist.)  Regierungsbezirke   (Prua- 

Reprs. 

Representatives. 

Rev. 

Revenue. 

Riv. 

River. 

Sanj. 

Sanjak  (Turkish  district). 

Sess. 

Session. 

Sevl. 

Several. 

Soc. 

Society. 

Sta. 

Station. 

Str. 

Strait. 

Sum. 

Summer.     • 

T. 

Town. 

Temp. 

Temperature. 

Territ. 

TeiTitory,  or  territorial. 

Tnshp. 

Township. 

Tribut.  or  tributs. 

Tributary  or  tributaries. 

Upp. 

Upper. 

ViU. 

VUlage. 

Vol. 

Volcano. 

Win. 

Winter. 

Ciirlnpeiia  nf  (©tngrnpfii|. 


A. 

Aa,  the  name  of  numerous  small  rivers 
in  different  parts  of  Europe. 

Aalborg,  a  seaport  of  Denmark,  on  an 
inlet  of  the  Kattegat.  P.  7,500.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see. 

Aar,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  partly 
navigable,  rises  in  Bern,  falls  into  the 
*Rhine. 

Aargau,  a  canton  of  Switzerland,  on 
the  Rhine.  Area,  502  sq.  m.  P.  183,800 
who  speak  German,  &  are  about  equally 
divided  into  Protestants  &  Catholics.  Chief 
towns,  Aarau,  Laufenberg,  Oberbaden, 
&  Zoffingen. 

Aarhuus,  a  seaport  of  Denmark,  on 
the  Kattegat.  P.  8,000.  It  is  a  bishop's 
see. 

Abaco  or  Lucaya,  the  largest  of  the 
Bahama  isls.,  80  m.  in  length  by  about 
20  in  breadth.  P.  1,900.  A  natural 
perforation  of  the  rock  at  its  S.E.  point, 
forms  a  landmark  known  as  the  Hole  in 
the  Wall.  Lat.  of  Lighthouse,  25°  51'  30" 
N. ;  Ion.  77°  10'  45"  W.,  elev.  160  feet. 

Abadeh,  a  town  of  Persia,  prov.  Fars, 
110  m.  N.  Shiraz,  to  which  city  it  sends 
fruit.     P.  5,000.  (■]) 

Abai,  a  town  &  harb.  on  the  N.W.  coast 
of  Borneo. II.  a  riv.  of  Abyssinia,  trib- 
utary of  the  Nile. 

Abakansk,  a  fortfd.  town  of  Siberia. 
Lat.  54°  N.;  Ion.  91°  30'  E.  P.  1,000. 
Is  regarded  as  the  mildest  &  niost  salu- 
brious spot  in  Siberia. 

Abalak,  a  town  cf  Siberia,  on  the 
Irtish,  a  celebrated  place  of  pilgrimage. 

Abancay,  a  town  of  Peru.  Has  im- 
portant sugar  refineries. 

Abano,  a  town  of  Lombardy.  P.  2,600. 
Has  celeb,  mud  baths. 

Abany,  a  town  of  Hungary,  50  m.  S.E. 
Pesth.     P.  7,784,  comprising  many  Jews. 

Anq,  a  town  of  Arabia,  Yemen,  in  a 
1 


mountainous  tract,  77  m.  E.  Mocha.  P. 
5,000.  (7) 

Abbadia,  a  port  of  Brazil,  on  the  Aro- 
guitiba,  near  the  Atlantic.    P.  1,200. 

Abba-Jaret,  a  mnt.  of  Abys.,  elev. 
14,918  ft. 

Abbeville,  a  district  of  South  Carolina, 
between  the  Savannah  &  Saluda  rivers. 
Surface   varied,  well-watered,    &  fertUo. 

P.  32,318. II.  cap.  of  the  above  dist.,  on 

Little  river,  97  m.  W.  Columbia.   P.  371. 

III.  cap.  of  Henry  co.  Alabama,  211 

m.  S.E.  Tuscaloosa.     P.  400. IV.  a 

fortfd.  town  of  France,  dep.  Somme,  on 
the  Railw.  du  Nord,  &  the  Somme.  P. 
17,035.  It  is  well  built,  but  dirty,  with 
houses  mostly  of  brick,  some  fine  public 
edifices,  especially  the  cathedral,  a  large 
cloth  factory  founded  under  Colbert  in 
1669,  &  manufs.  of  velvet,  serges,  &c. 
Vessels  of  150  tons  come  up  the  Somme 
to  Abbeville. 

Abbiategrasso,  a  town  of  Lombardy, 
having  considerable  trade.     P.  6,803. 

Abbitibbe,  the  name  of  a  dist.,  riv.,  & 
trading-station  in  Brit.  N.  America,  near 
Hudson  bay.  Lat.  of  sta.  49°  N. ;  Ion. 
78°  10'  W. 

Abbot,  a  town  of  Piscatiquis  co.  Maine, 
on  the  Piscatiquis  river,  70  m.  N.E.  Au- 
gusta.    P.  661. 

Abensbeeg,  a  town  of  Bavaria.  P. 
1,200.  Napoleon  defeated  the  Austrians 
here,  20th  April,  1809. 

Aberafon,  a  bor.  &  pa.  of  Wales,  on 
the  Afouj  near  Swansea  bay.    P.  3,665. 

Aberayhon,  a  dist.  of  Cardiganshire, 
Wales.     P.  13,220. 

Aberdeen,  a  pari.  &  munic.  bor.  & 
seaport  of  Scotland,  between  the  rivers 
Don  and  Dee,  at  their  entrance  into  the 
North  sea,  90  m.  N.E.  Edinburgh.  P. 
71,945^  The  pari.  bor.  consists  of  the  fol- 
lowing towns,  one  mile  apart :  Old  Aber- 
deen, on  the  Don,  here  crossed  by  two 
stone    bridges,    &    Neio    Aberdeen,    on 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[aby 


the  Dee.  The  new  town  is  a  handsome 
city,  with  spacious  streets  &  houses 
built  mostly  of  granite.  A  granite  pier 
1500  ft.  in  length,  &  a  breakwater,  have 
made  the  harbor  one  of  the  best  in  this 
part  of  Scotl.  At  its  entrance  is  Girdle- 
ness  lightho.,  with  two  lights.  New  Aber- 
deen has  flourishing  manufs.  &  a  consid- 
erable foreign  &  coasting  trade.  Exports 
estim.  at  from  IJ  mill,  to  2  mill,  pounds 
sterling  yearly.  King's  College,  Old 
Aberdeen,  chartei-ed  by  papal  bull  in 
1494,  has  spacious  buildgs.,  a  librai-y  of 
30,000  vols.,  a  museum,  9  professors,  & 
128  bursaries  of  51.  to  50Z.  each.  Average 
no.  of  students,  365.  Marischal  College  in 
New  Aberdeen,  founded  in  1593,  has  ele- 
gant new  buildings,  numerous  professors 
&  lecturers,  &  106  bursaries  of  from  51.  to 
261.     Average  number  of  students,  250. 

Aberdeenshire,  a  county  on  the  E. 
coast  of  Scotland.  Area,  1,260,800  ac.  P. 
214,658.  Nearly  2-3ds  of  surface  moun- 
tainous &  waste.  Chf.  rivs.  Dee  &  Don. 
Large  quantities  of  granite  are  shipped 
for  London ;  &  more  cattle  are  bred  in 
this  than  in  any  other  Scotch  co.  Exten- 
sive salmon  fisheries  on  the  coast,  &  in 
the  Dee.  Princip.  manufs.  woollen,  cot- 
ton, &  liaen  goods.  Chf.  towns,  Aberdeen, 
Peterhead,  &  Fraserburgh. 

Abergavenny,  a  town  &  pa.  of  Mon- 
mouth CO.  Engl.,  with  trade  in  wool  & 
manufs.  of  flannel.  P.  of  the  town  &  pa. 
about  6,000. 

Abergeley,  a  town  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Wales,  resorted  to  for  sea  bathing.  P.  2,661. 

Abernethy,  a  town  of  Scotland,  at  the 
estuary  of  the  Tay,  supposed  to  occupy 
the  site  of  the  ancient  metropolis  of  the 
Picts.     P.  1,920. 

Ajberystwith,  a  seaport  of  Wales,  on 
Cardigan  bay.  Imports  timber  from 
America,  coal  &  lime  ;  exports  lead,  oak- 
bark,  flannel,  &e.,  to  Liverpool.  P.  4,975. 
-  Abimes  (Les),  a  town  of  Guadeloupe. 
P.  4,597. 

Abingdon,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  Berks, 
well  built,  and  has  many  antique  edifices. 
Princip.  trades,  malting,  sacking  &  carpet 
making.  P.  5,585. II.  cap.  of  Wash- 
ington CO.  Virginia,  304  m.  S.W.  Rich- 
mond. Here  is  a  bank  with  $100,000  cap. 
P.  1,000. 

Abington,  a  town  of  Plymouth  co. 
Massachusetts,  20  m.  S.E.  Boston.  H.as  a 
bank  with  $100,000  cap.,  hardware  man- 
ufs.  tanneries,  &c.      P.  3,214. II.    a 

town  of  Montgomery  CO.  Pa.  P.  1,704. 

III.  a  town  of  Wyoming  co.  Pa.  P.  1,770. 

IV.  a  town  of  Wayne  co.  Indiana.   P. 

923. 


Ab-istada  (Lake),  in  Afghanistan,  18 
m.  in  length,  8  in  breadth,  44  in  circ,  & 
7,076  ft.  above  the  sea.  It  is  shallow  & 
salt. 

Abkasia,  an  Asiatic  territ.  subordinate 
to  Russia,  having  S.E.  Mingrelia,  S.  & 
W.  the  Black  sea,  &  N.  the  Caucasus. 
Area  3,000  sq.  m.  P.  52,300,  principally 
breeders  of  cattle  &  horses.  Chf.  town, 
Sukumkaleh. 

Abo,  a  seaport  of  Russia,  until  1819  cap. 
of  Finland,  now  cap.  prov.,  on  the  Aura- 
joki,  near  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Lat.  60° 
26'  58"  N. ;  Ion.  22°  19'  E.  P.  14,000, 
mostly  of  Swedish  descent.  It  is  an  arch- 
bp's  see ;  &  was  formerly  the  seat  of  a 
University,  removed  to  Helsingfors  in  1827. 
Abo  has  some  trade  with  Sweden  &  S. 
Europe. 

Abomey,  cap.  of  Dahomey.  Lat.  7° 
30'  N. ;  Ion.  1°  40'  E.     P.  24;000.  (?) 

Aboukih,  a  vill.  of  Egypt,  15  m.  N.E. 
Alexandria,  at  the  W.  end  of  Aboukir  bay, 
which  is  celeb,  for  Nelson's  victory  over 
the  French  fleet,  1st  August,  1798. 

Abrantes,  a  fortfd.  town  of  Portugal, 
on  the   Tagus,  80  m.  N.E.  Lisbon.     P. 

5,000. II.  a  town  of  Brazil,  20  m.  N.E. 

Bahia,  near  the  Atlantic. 

Abrolhos,  a  group  of  low,  rocky  isls. 
off  the  coast  of  Brazil.  Lat.  17°  58'  S. ; 
Ion.  38°  42'  W. 

Abrud-Banta,  a  town  of  Transylva- 
nia.    P.  4,100. 

Abruzzo,  a  country  of  Naples,  forming 
the  provinces  of  Abruzzo  Citra,  &  Abr. 
Ultra  I.  &  II.,  on  the  Adriatic.  Area, 
5,000  sq.  m.  P.  788,028.  M.  Como, 
10,154  ft.  high,  the  loftiest  of  the  Apen- 
nines, is  in  Abruzzo  Ultra.  Cattle  rearing 
employs  most  of  the  rural  pop.  It  has  no 
good  ports.  Chf.  towns,  Chieti,  Aquila, 
Teramo,  Sulmona,  Lanciano,  &  Civita 
Ducale. 

Abu-Arisch,  a  town  of  Arabia,  cap.  of 
the  petty  state  of  same  name,  24  miles 
from  the  Red  sea.     P.  5,000.  (?) 

Abyssinia,  a  country  of  E.  Africa,  ex- 
tending betw.  lat.  7°  40'  &  16°  40'  N. ;  & 
Ion.  34°  20'  &  43°  20'  E.,  bounded  E.  by 
Adel,  N.E.  by  the  Red  sea,  N.W.  by 
Nubia,  &  S.  &  S.E.  by  the  country  of  the 
Gallas.  It  forms  an  elevated  table-land, 
&  contains  many  fertile  valleys  watered 
by  numerous  river  courses,  the  chief  of 
which  are  the  Abai  (or  Blue  Nile),  the 
Tacazze,  &  the  Hawash.  Ivlany  of  its 
rivers  are  lost  in  the  sands,  or  only  reach 
the  sea  during  the  rainy  season.  Lake 
Dembea  or  Tzana,  abt.  50  m.  in  length,  is 
the  largest  in  the  country.  The  highest 
mtn.    range   is   in  the   S.W.  table-land, 


acr] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


where  the  peak  of  Abba  Taret  attains  a 
height  of  15,000  ft.  The  temp,  of  Abyss, 
is  much  lower  than  that  of  Nubia  or 
Egypt,  owing  to  the  elevation  of  the  soU, 
the  numerous  rivers,  &  the  abundant 
summer  rains.  The  mineral  products  are 
iron-ore,  rock-salt,  &  a  small  quantity 
of  gold.  The  cultivated  grains  are  wheat, 
barley,  oats, maize,  rice  &  millet; — ^fruits, 
cotton,  &  coffee  are  also  produced.  All  the 
wild  animals  indigenous  to  Africa,  are  found 
in  Abyss. ;  &  domestic  animals  are  reared 
in  great  abundance.  In  industry  &  com- 
merce the  Abyssinians  have  made  some 
progress,  they  uianuf.  tanned  skins  for 
tents,  shields  of  hide,  agricultural  imple- 
ments, coarse  cotton  &  woollen  cloths,  & 
pottery  ware.  The  imports  include  raw 
cotton,  pepper,  blue  &  red  cotton  cloths, 
glass,  &  tobacco.  Abyssinia,  comprised 
in  the  anc.  Ethiopia,  appears  to  have  been 
the  cradle  of  African  civilization,  but  the 
present  inhabs.  have  preserved  nothing  of 
their  former  power.  For  more  than  a 
century  the  empire  has  been  divided  into 
several  petty  states,  the  -chf.  of  which  are 
Shoa,  Tigre,  &  Amhara.  Ankobar  is 
the  only  place  deserving  the  name  of  a 
town.     [Massouah.] 

AcAPULco,  a  seaport  of  Mexico,  on  the 
Pacific,  185  m.  S.S.W.  Mexico.  Lat. 
16°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  99°  52'  W.  P.  4,000. 
The  harbor  is  one  of  the  largest  and  best 
in  the  world.  It  formerly  engrossed  trade 
between  Spanish  colonies  in  America  & 
those  in  the  East ;  &  it  is  now  the  most 
important  port  of  Mexico  for  steamers  on 
the  Pacific. 

AcAEt,  a  town  of  Peru,  dep.  Arequipa,  on 
a  plain  20  m.  from  the  Pacific.     P.  6,000. 

AcARNANiA,  a  dep.  of  Greece,  having 
N.  the  gulf  of  Arta  &  a  part  of  Albania, 
E.  the  deps.  of  Eurytania  &  Trichonia,  S. 
.^tolia,  &  W.  the  Ionian  sea.  P.  25,083. 
Surface  uneven,  richly  wooded,  with  seve- 
ral small  lakes.  Ch.  riv.  the  Astro  Pota- 
mo.     Chf.  towns,  Vonitza  &  Ambrakia. 

AccoMAc,  a  CO.  of  Virginia,  on  the  E. 
shore  of  Chesapeake  Bay.     Area,  480  sq. 

m.   P.  17,890.   Soil  sandy, 'but  fertile. ■ 

II.  cap.  of  said  co.,  a  small  village,  193 
m.  E.  Richmond. 

Accra,  a  country  of  Africa,  on  the 
Guinea  coast,  about  lat.  5°  35'  N'. ;  Ion. 
0°  12'  W.  The  British,  Dutch,  &  Danes 
have  small  forts  here,  &  claim  jurisdic- 
tion over  surrounding  districts. 

AccRiNGTON,  a  town  of  Laneashii'e, 
England,  with  large  cotton  factories.  P. 
7,811. 

AcERENZA,  a  city  of  Naples,  &  an  arch- 
bishop's see.    P.  2,000. 


AcERNA,  a  city  of  Naples,  on  the  Agno. 
P.  6,300.     Here  is  a  fine  cathedral. 

AcHAetTAs,  a  town  of  Venezuela.  P. 
2,000. 

AcHAiA,  a  dep.  of  Greece,  65  m.  from 
E.  to  W.,  with  an  average  width  of  from 
12  to  20  m.  along  the  S.  side  of  the  Corin- 
thian gulf  The  interior  is  mountainous, 
&  the  coast  low,  with  few  good  ports.  Chf. 
town,  Patras. 

AcHEN,  a  town  of  Sumatra,  near  its 
N.W.  extremity,  cap.  of  an  indep.  kgdm.  of 
same  name,  on  a  riv.  near  the  sea.  Lat. 
5°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  95°  34'  E.  It  is  said  to 
comprise  8,000  houses.  It  has  a  limited 
trade  with  Singapore,  Pulo-Penang,  & 
Malacca.  The -entrance  is  dangerous,  & 
the  port  insecure.  The  kgdm.  of  Atchin 
was  formerly  a  powerful  state,  now  nearly 
extinct.  Achen  Head  is  the  name  of  the 
N.W.  point  of  Sumatra. 

AcHiLL,  an  isl.  off  the  "W.  coast  of  Ireld., 
CO.  Mayo.  Circumf.  about  30  m.  Area 
35,283  ac.  P.  6,392,  mostly  occup.  in 
fishing.  At  its  N.E.  end  is  a  Protest, 
mission.  Its  W.  point  forms  Achill  head, 
2,222  feet  in  elev.,  lat.  53°  59'  N. ;  Ion. 
10°  12'  W. Achil  Beg  is  an  isl.  imme- 
diately S.  the  foregoing. 

AcHTYs-KA,  a' town  of  European  Russia, 
60  m.  N.W.  Kharkov.  Has  considerable 
trade,  &  an  image  of  the  Virgin,  visited 
by  many  pilgrims.     P.  14,205. 

Aci  REAtE,  aseapt.  of  Sicily,  7  m.  J^.B. 
Catania.  It  is  celebrated  for  mineral 
waters,  &  for  the  cave  of  Polyphemus,  & 
grotto  of  Galatea,  in  its  vicinity.  The 
harbor  is  small,  but  trade  is  active,  & 
there  are  manufs.  here  of  linen,  silk,  &c. 
P.  19,800. 

AcKLiN,  one  of  the  Bahama  isls.,  120 
m.  N.E.  Cuba. 

Aconcagua,  a  mountain  of  Chile, 
23,200  ft.  above  the  sea,  &  said  to  be  the 

highest  volcano    in  the  world. II.  a 

province  of  Chile,  containing  wide  &  fertile 
valleys,  &  the  towns  San  Felipe,  Santa 
Rosa,  &  Quillota. 

AcooNO-CooNO,  a  town  &  ■  dist.'  of 
Africa,  on  old  Calabar  or  Cross  riv.  P. 
4,000. 

AcQuTACKANONCK,  a  town  of  Passaic 
CO.  New  Jersey,  at  the  head  of  sloop  navi- 
gation on  the  Passaic  riv.     P.  2,483. 

AcQUAPENDENTE,  a  town  &  bishop's 
see,  in  the  Pontif.  States.     P.  2,400. 

AcatTAvivA,  a  town  of  Naples,  16  m. 
S.S.W.  Bari.    P.  5,400. 

Acq.TJi,  a  walled  town  of  Piedmont, 
much  frequented  for  its  sulphur  baths. 
P.  7,800. 

Acre,  or  St.  Jean  d'Acre,  a  seaport 


CYCLOPJJDIA.    OF    GEOGRAPHY, 


[ade 


of  Syria,  on  a  prom,  at  the  foot  of  Mt. 
Carmel.  Lat.  32°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  35°  5'  B. 
P.  10,000.(7)  Bonaparte  attempted  to 
Btorm  this  place  in  1799,  but  retreated 
after  a  siege  of  61  days.  It  was  taken  by 
IbraMm  Pasha  in  1832,  &  again  by  the 
comb.  Engl.  &  Austr.  squadrons  in  1840. 
The  bay  of  Acre  is  much  frequented  by 
French,  Italian,  &  Austrian  vessels. 

AcEi,  a  town  of  Naples,  15  m.  N.E. 
Cosenza.     P.  7,861. 

Acs,  a  town  of  Hungary,  6  m.  S.W. 
Komorn.  P.  3,237,  employed  in  rearing 
sheep.     Battle  here  July  16,  1849. 

AcT.s:oN  Islands,  a  group  of  3  low 
■wooded  islands  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  dis- 
covered 1837  ;  centre  isl.  lat.  43°  34'  S. ; 
Ion.  146°  59'  W. 

Acton,  a  town  of  York  co.  Maine.  P. 
1,401. II.  a  town  of  Windham  co.  Ver- 
mont. P.  170. III.  a  town  of  Middle- 
sex CO.  Massachusetts,  incorporated  in 
1735.     P.  1,121. 

AcTOPAN,  a  town  of  Mexico,  65  m. 
N.N.E.  Mexico.  P.  2,800.  Trade  in  tallow, 
sheep  &  goat-skins. 

AcuL,  a  seaport  of  Hayti,  N.  coast, 
10  m.  W.  Cape  Franjiais.  Lat.  19°  47'  N. ; 
Ion.  72°  27'  W. 

AcwORTH,  a  town  of  Sullivan  co.  New 
Hampshire,  incorp.  in  1712.     P.  1,450. 

Adair,  a  co.  in  S.  part  of  Kentucky, 
drained  by  Green  river  &  branches. 
Soil  fertile.     Cap.  Columbia.     Area,  440 

sq.  m.     P.  9,898. II.  a  co.  in  N.  part 

of  Missouri,  drained  by  Chariton  river. 
Cap.  Hopkinsville.  Area,  567  sq.  m.  P. 
2,342. 

Adams  (Cape),  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Columbia  riv.  Oregon.  It  is  ]ow&  thinly 
wooded.  A  sand  bar,  which  during  high 
winds  is  covered  by  dangerous  breakers, 
runs  from  this  point  to  within  a  mile  of 
Cape  Disappointment,  7  m.  distant.  The 
sloop  of  war  Peacock  of  the  TJ.  S.  Explor- 
ing Expedition  was  lost  near  here,  IBth 
July,  1841. 

Adams,  a  co.  in  S.  part  of  Pennsylvania. 
Soil  fertile.      Cap.    Gettysburg.      Area, 

528  sq.m.     P.  25,981. II.  a  co.  in  W. 

part  of  Mississippi.  Soil  hilly,  but  fer- 
tile.    Cap.  Natchez.     Area,  440  sq.  m. 

P.  18,622. III.  a  CO.  in  S.  part  of  Ohio. 

Surface  varied,  with  veins  of  iron  ore. 
Cap.  TVest  Union.     Area,  550  sq.  m.     P. 

18,883. IV.  a  co.  in  E.  part  of  Indiana. 

Drained  by  the  Wabash  &  St.  Mary  rivs. 
Cap.    Decatur.      Area,  336    sq.  m.      P. 

5,797. V.  a  co.  in  W.  part  of  Illinois. 

Cap.    Quincy.      Area,    768   sq.  m.       P. 

26,503. VI.  a  CO.  of  Wisconsin.  P.  187. 

VII.  North  &  South,  two  villages  5 


or  6  ms.  apart,  in  Berkshire  co.  Massa- 
chusetts. The  Hoosack  river  supplies 
water  power  for  numerous  cotton  fac- 
tories. The  Adams  Bank  has  a  cap.  of 
$250,000.  Graylock,  the  higl^pst  peak 
of  Saddleback  mountain  in  this  town- 
ship, is  3,600  ft.  above  the  sea.  There 
is  a  curious  natural  bridge  here  worn 
out  of  the  lime-stone  rock  by  a  branch  of 
the  Hoosack  riv.     P.   of  the  township, 

3,703. VIII.  a  town  of  Jefferson  co. 

New  York.     P.  2,966. IX.  a  town  of 

Coshoctin   co.    Ohio.      P.   838. X.    a 

town  of  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Na- 
tional road.    P.  867. XI.  a  town  of 

Seneca  co.  Ohio.  P.  1,250.  There  are 
also  small  towns  of  this  name  in  Henry, 
Allen,  Monroe,  Muskingum,  Dark,  & 
Champaign  cos.  Ohio,  Hillsdale  co.  Michi- 
gaji,  &  Decatur  &  Hamilton  cos.  Indiana. 

Adam's  Peak,  a  mountain  in  the 
central  part  of  Ceylon.    Height,  7,420  ft. 

Adana,  a  pash.  of  Asiat.  Turkey,  hav- 
ing on  the  N.  Karamania,  B.  the  pash. 
of  Marash,  W.  Anatolia,  &  S.  the  Medi- 
terranean.  II.  capital  of  Adana,  on 

the  Sihoon  riv.,  30  m.  from  the  sea.  P. 
10,000.  Well  built  &  has  trade  in  wool, 
corn,  fruit,  &c. 

Adare,  a  decayed  town  of  Ireland,  10 
m.  S.W.  Limerick.     P.  1,095. 

Adda,  a  riv.  which  rises  in  N.  Italy, 
flows  through  lakes  Como  &  Lecco,  & 
after  a  course  of  80  ms.,  joins  the  Po, 
near  Cremona. II.  a  Danish  settle- 
ment on  the  Guinea  coast. 

Addison,  a  co.  of  Vermont,  on  Lake 
Champlain.  Soil  fertile  along  the  lake, 
&  elsewhere  adapted  to  grazing.  Cap. 
Middlebury,  near  which  is  a  quarry  of 
fine  marble.    Area,  700  sq.  m.    P.  26,549. 

II.  a  town  in  said  co.,  settled  in  1770, 

on  the  lake  op.  Crown  Point.     P.    1,232. 

III.    a   town  of    Steuben   eo.   New 

York,  on  Canister  areek.  which  is   here 

navigable  for  boats.     P.  1,920. IV.  a 

town  of  Washington  co.  Maine.  P.  1,053. 
V.  a  town  of  Somerset  co.  Pennsyl- 
vania,  on    the  Yonghiogheny  riv.      P. 

1,301. VI.  a  town  of  Gallia  co.  Ohio, 

on  the  Ohio  riv.    P.  692. VII.  a  town 

of  Oakland  co,  Michigan.     P.  537. 

Adeghem,  a  vill.  of  Belgium.    P.  3,534. 

Adel,  a  country  of  Africa,  extending 
along  its  N.E.  coast  from  Abyssinia  to 
Cape  Guardafui.  P.  Mohammedan,  & 
subordinate  to  an  Imam.  It  is  marshy 
&  unhealthy,  but  exports  wax,  myrrh, 
ivory,  gold  dust,  &  cattle.  Chf  ports, 
Zeila,  &  Berbera. 

Adelaide,  the  cap.  of  South  Australia, 
on  the  Torrens  riv.,  near  its  mouth  in 


ael] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


Gulf  St.  Vincent.  Lat.  34°  55'  S. ;  Ion. 
138°  28'  E.  P.  (1849)  8,000.  It  stands 
on  rising  ground,  backed  by  woods,  &  is 
divided  by  the  Torrens  into  S.  &,  N.  Ade- 
laide ;  was  founded  in  1836.  All  the 
trade  of  the  colony  centres  here.  The 
harbor  is  safe,  accommodating  ships  of 
600  tons. 

Adelaide  Island,  the  W.-most  of  a 
chain  of  isls.  off  the  S.W.  coast  of  Pata- 
gonia.    Lat.  67°  S. ;  Ion.  68°  W. 

Adblie,  a  tract  of  barren  land  in  the 
Antarctic  ocean.  Lat.  66°  30'  S. ;  Ion. 
136°  to  142°  E.,  discovered  by  D'Urville 
in  1840. 

Adelsberg,  a  town  of  Illyria,  22  m. 
N.E.  Triest.  P.  1,500.  Celeb,  for  its 
stalactite  caves. 

Ademuz,  a  town  of  Spain,  62  m.  N.W. 
Valencia.     P.  3,033. 

Aden,  a  seaport  of  Arabia,  which 
since  1839  has  belonged  to  the  British, 
on  the  E.  side  of  Cape  Aden.  Lat.  12° 
46'  15"  N. ;  Ion.  45°  10'  20"  E.  P.  39,- 
938.  Its  fortifications  are  greatly  im- 
proved ;  &  it  will  probably  become  the 
Gibraltar  of  this  part  of  the  Bast.  Aden 
is  well  supplied  with  water,  and  before 
the  rise  of  Mocha,  was  the  chief  trading 
port  of  Arabia.  It  is  now  a  station  of 
the  steam-boat  passage  to  India,  <fc  has 
a  magnetic  observatory. 

Aderno,  a  town  of  Sicily,  at  the  S.E. 
foot  of  Mount  Etna.     P.  14,000. 

Adige,  a  riv.  of  JN.  Italy,  formed  by. 
streamlets,  from  the  Helvetian  Alps,  which 
unite  at  Glurns,  where  it  takes  the  name 
of  Etsch.  Near  Bolsano,  it  is  called  the 
Adige,  &  receiving  the  Eisach,  becomes 
navigable.  It  enters  the  Gulf  of  Venice 
after  a  course  of  220  m. 

Admiralty  (Island),  off  the  coast  of 
Russian  America.  Lat.  58°  N. ;  Ion.  134° 
W.,  90  m.  long  &  25  m.  broad.  {Isl- 
ands,) a  cluster  of  small  isls.  in  the 
Pacific,  N.E.  of  Papua.  Lat.  2°  S.  ;  Ion. 
147°  W  52"  E.  {InleQ  in  Terra  del 
Fuego. 

Adony,  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the 
Danube,  28  m.  S.  Pesth.     P.  3,180. 

Adorf,  the  S.-most  town  of  Saxony,  on 
the  Elster.     P.  2,800. 

Adour,  a  riv.  of  France  ;  rises  in  the 
Pyrenees,  near  Bareges,  becomes  navi- 
gable, &  after  a  course  of  95  m.  falls  into 
the  Bay  of  Biscay,  N.  Bayonne. 

Adowa,  a  town  of  Abyssinia.  P.  8,000. 
It  is  the  chief  entrepot  of  trade  between 
Tigre  &  the  coast. 

Adpar,  a  town  of  "Wales,  co.  Cardigan. 
P.  1,619. 

Adha,  a  seaport  of  Spain,  on  the  Medi- 


terr.    P.  7,400,  chiefly  employed  in  ex- 
tensive lead  mines  in  the  vicinity.  , 

Adramyti,  a  seaport  of  Asia  Minor, 
S3  m.  N.  Smyrna.  P.  5,000.  Exports, 
olives,  wool  &  galls. 

Adria,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  between 
the  Po  &  Adige.  P.  10,400.  It  was 
anciently  a  seaport  of  such  importance 
as  to  give  its  name  to  the  Adriatic  sea, 
from  which  it  is  now  14  m.  distant,  & 
its  port  is  quite  obliterated. 

Adbiampatam,  a  marit.  town  of  Brit. 
India,  presid.  Madras. 

Adrian,  cap.  of  Lenawee  co.  Michi- 
gan, 67  m.  Detroit.  It  is  one  of  the 
most  flourishing  towns  in  the  state.  P. 
3,006.  A  railroad  from  this  place  to 
Toledo  was  opened  in  1836. 

Adrianople,  a  city  of  Europ.  Turkey, 
prov.  Rumelia,  on  the  Tundja  riv.,  137 
m.  N.W.  Constantinople.  P.  100,000.  It 
possesses  important  manufs.  of  silks, 
woollens  &  linens,  has  celeb,  dye  works 
&  tanneries,  &  an  active  commerce 
in  manufr.  goods,  &  the  products  of  a 
fertile  district.  The  chf.  outlet  for  this 
commerce  is  the  port  of  Enos,  which  was 
taken  by  the  Russians  20th  August,  1829. 
Adrianople  was  the  cap.  of  the  Ottoman 
Emp.  from  1366  to  1453. 

Adriatic  Sea,  is  that  part  of  the 
Medit.  which  extends  from  the  S.E.  at  lat. 
40°  to  the  N.W.  at  lat.  45°  46'  N.  be- 
tween the  coasts  of  Italy,  Illyria,  & 
Albania.  It  takes  its  name  from  the 
city  of  Adria,  &  forms  on  the  W.  the 
gulf  of  Manfredonia,  on  the  coast  of  the 
kingdom  of  Naples.  The  N.W.  part 
bears  the  name  of  the  gulf  of  Venice. 
On  the  E.  side  are  the  gulfs  of  Triest, 
Eiume,  &  Cattaro,  on  the  coast  of  Aus- 
tria, and  of  Drino  in  Albania.  The  wa- 
ter of  this  sea  contains  more  salt  than 
that  of  the  ocean,  &  the  influence  of 
the  tides  is  little  felt.  Its  greatest  depth 
is  only  22  fathoms  ;  greatest  length,  from 
Cape  Leuca  to  Trieste,  450  m. ;  main 
breadth,  90  m. 

Adur,  a  small  river  of  England ;  falls 
into  the  Eng.  channel  at  Shoreham. 

Adventure  Bay,  is  near  the  S.  ex- 
tremity of  Van  Diemen's  Land,  lat.  43° 
20'  S.,  &  Ion.  147°  30'  E. 

^gades,  a  group  of  small  isls.  off  the 
"W.  coast  of  Sicily. 

.  ^gean  Sea.  (See  Archipelago,  Gre- 
cian.) 

^gina,  a  small  island  of  Greece,  in 
an  inlet  between  Attica  &  the  Morea. 
P.  5,000.  Its  port,  of  same  name,  has 
an  active  trade. 

Aelteee,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  on  tho 


6 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGKAPHY. 


[afr 


railw.  from  Ghent  to  Bruges.    P.  witli 
comm.  5,964. 

Aeboe,  an  isl.  of  Denmark,  duchy 
Schleswig,  in  the  Baltic,  14  m.  in  length 
by  5  m.  in  breadth.  P.  10,200.  Chief 
towns,  Aeroeskiobing  &  Marstal. 

Aesschot,  a  town  of  Belgium,  23  m. 
N.B.  Brussels.     P.  3,895. 

Aertsycke,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  8  m. 
S.W.  Bruges.     P.  3,185. 

Aerzeele,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  15  m. 
N.E.  Courtrai.     P.  3,558. 

Aerzen,  a  town  of  Hanover,  with 
powder  works.     P.  1,000. 

^TOLiA,  a  govt,  of  Greece,  on  the 
continent,  cap.  Missolonghi.  P.  (1840) 
25,144.  It  is  mostly  mntnous,but  along 
the  Corinthian  gulf,  barley,  rye  &  olives 
are  raised.     Chf.  river  the  Phidaris. 

Affoltern,  a  vill.  of  Switzrl.,  8  m. 
S.W.  Zurich.  P.  1,794.  There  are  other 
vills.  of  same  name  in  the  cants.  Zurich 
and  Bern. 

AFFRiatTE  (St.),  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Aveyron  on  the  Sorgue.  P.  (1846)  4,811. 

Afghanistan,  an  inland  country  of 
Asia,  lying  betw.  lat.  28°  50'  &  36°  30' 
N.,  &  Ion.  62°  &  72°  30'  E.,  having  E 
the  Punjab,  S.  Bwhalpoor,  Sinde  & 
Beloochistan,  W.  the  Persian  dom.,  & 
N.  Indep.  Turkestan  (Balkh,  Koondooz, 
Kafirstan),  from  which  it  is  separated  by 
the  Hindoo  Koosh  &  its  prolongations. 
Area  estim.  at  225,000  sq.  m.,  &  the 
p.  at  about  5,000,000.  Pour  fifths  of  the 
country  consist  of  rocks  &  mntns.  Chief 
rivs.  the  Cabool,  Helmund,  Gomul,  Lora, 
&c. ;  but  none  is  of  great  size.  In  the 
low  lands,  rice,  cotton,  the  sugar-cane, 
millet,  maize,  &  turmeric,  are  raised. 
In  the  uplands  the  timber-trees,  herbs, 
&  fruits  of  Europe,  grow  wild;  &  wheat, 
barley,  beans,  turnips,  mustard,  &  arti- 
ficial grasses,  are  cultivated.  Gold,  sil- 
ver, mercury,  iron,  lead,  copper,  antimo- 
ny, coal,  sulphur,  &  naphtha  are  met 
with.  Arts  &  husbandry  are  in  a  very 
low  condition.  Imports,  coarse  cottons, 
indigo,  muslins,  silks,  &  brocade,  ivory, 
wax,  sandal-wood,  sugar  &  spices  from 
India ;  horses,  gold  &  silver,  cochineal, 
&  broad  cloth  from  Turkestan  :  cutlery, 
hardware,  &  other  European  goods ; 
silks,  cottons,  embroidery,  &  chintz  from 
Persia ;  slaves  from  Arabia  &  Abyssinia ; 
silks,  tea,  porcelain,  dyes,  &  precious 
metals  overland  from  China  ;  &  dates  k 
cocoa-nuts  from  Beloochistan.  Altogeth- 
er the  imports  may  amount  to  500,000Z. 
a  year.  The  exports  consist  of  madder, 
assafoetida,  tobacco,  fruits  &  horses,  with 
furSj  shawls  &  chintz  to  India ;  shawls, 


turbans,  indigo,  &  other  Indian  produce 
to  Turkestan  ;  &  the  same  articles,  with 
Herat  carpets,  to  Persia.  Transit  trade 
is  wholly  conducted  by  means  of  camels 
&  horses,  wheeled  vehicles  being  imprac- 
ticable. The  Afghans  are  divided  into 
numerous  tribes  or  clans,  the  most  noted 
of  which  are  the  Dooraunees,  Eusfozyees, 
Ghiljies,  &  Lahonees;  the  last  named 
being  the  princip.  traders,  &  the  first  the 
tribe  in  which  the  monarchy  has  long 
been  hereditary.  The  country  is  subdiv. 
into  the  principalities  of  Cabool,  Canda- 
har,  &  Herat.  Chf.  cities  Cabool,  Can- 
dahar,  Herat,  Peshawer.  Jelalabad,  & 
Ghuznee. 

Afium-Kara-Hissab,  a  city  of  Asia 
Minor,  in  Anatolia,  50  m.  S.S.E .  Kutaiah. 
P.  60,000.  (?)  It  is  well  built,  &  has  a 
large  trade  in  opium,  grown  near  it, 
whence  its  name. 

Afragola,  a  town  of  Naples.  P. 13,000. 
With  extensive  manufs.  of  hats. 

Africa,  one  of  the  great  divisions  of 
the  globe,  bounded  N.  by  the  Mediter- 
ranean, E.  by  the  Bed  sea  &  the  In- 
dian ocean,  S.  by  the  Southern  ocean, 
&  "W.  by  the  Atlantic.  Africa  forms  an 
immense  peninsula,  joined  to  Asia  by  the 
isthmus  of  Suez,  &  extending  from  Ras- 
el-Krun,  lat.  37°  20'  N.,  to  Cape  Agul- 
has,  lat.  34°  50'  S.,  about  5,000  m. ;  & 
from  Cape  Guardafui,  Ion.  51°  22'  E.,  to 
Cape  Verde,  Ion.  17°  32'  W.,  nearly  an 
equal  distance.  Area  estim.  at  12,000,000 
sq.  m.  P.  60,000,000.  (?)  The  principal 
indentations  of  coast  of  Africa,  are  the 
gulfs  of  Sidra  &  Cabes  on  the  N.  in  the 
Mediterranean,  the  gulf  of  Guinea  on 
the  W.  in  the  Atlantic,  &  the  Arabian 
gulf  or  Red  sea  on  the  N.E.  in  the  In- 
dian ocean.  The  isls.  of  Africa  consist 
of  14  principal  groups,  of  which  there  are 
in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  the  Azores,  the 
Madeira,  &  Canary  isls.,  the  Cape  Verds, 
the  isls.  of  the  gulf  of  Guinea,  St.  Ma- 
thew.  Ascension,  &  St.  Helena.  In  the 
Indian  ocean,  the  isls.  of  Socotra,  the 
Seychelles,  Zanguibar,  the  Comoro  isls., 
Madagascar,  &  the  Mascarene  isls.  The 
most  prominent  capes,  are  Bon,  Blanco, 
Ceuta,  &  Serrat  on  the  N.  ;  Blanco, 
Verde,  Rouge,  Palmas,  3  Points,  Lopez, 
&  Negro  on  the  W.  The  C.  of  Good  Hope 
&  C.  Agulhas  on  the  S. ;  &  Capes  Delgado 
&  Guardafui  on  the  E.  Africa  appears 
to  consist  of  a  series  of  terraces  gradu- 
ally rising  from  the  coast  to  the  interior, 
forming  extensive  plains  &  elevated 
table-lands.  The  best  known  of  its  mnt. 
systems  are  the  range  of  Mt.  Atlas  in 
the  N.W.,  extending,  with  its  branches 


aga] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


from  lat.  27°  to  32°  N. ;  &  attaining,  iii 
some  of  its  peaks,  an  elevation  of  more 
than  12,000  feet.  The  Mts.  of  Kong  betw. 
Nigritia  &  N.  Guinea,  to  the  E.  of  which 
extend  the  Komri  or  Mts.  of  the  Moon, 
the  existence  &  extreme  elevation  of 
which,  are  inferred  from  the  great  rivs. 
to  which  they  give  rise,  although  they 
have  not  been  visited  by  Europeans  ;  the 
Mts.  of  Lupata  in  the  S.E.  of  Africa, 
those  of  Madagascar  in  the  isl.  of  the 
same  name,  &  the  Mts.  of  Abyssinia  in 
the  N.E.  The  princip.  rivs.  of  Africa, 
are  the  Nile,  the  Senegal,  Gambia, 
Niger  or  Joliba-Quorra,  the  Zaire,  the 
Orange,  the  Zambeze,  &  the  Jubb.  The 
only  known  lakes  of  importance,  are  L. 
Tchad,  L.  Dembea  or  Tzana,  &  L.  Lou- 
dieh.  OfL.  Nyassi,  in  lat.  8°  S.;  Ion. 
30°  E.,  little  is  known  except  its  great 
size.  Owing  to  the  position  of  Africa, 
the  greater  part  of  it  being  within  the 
torrid  zone,  &  the  great  extent  of  its 
arid  plains,  its  climate  is  excessive,  &  its 
temp,  higher  than  that  of  any  other  con- 
tinent. The  great  characteristic  feature 
of  Africa,  is  the  Sahara,  an  immense  des- 
ert region  stretching  across  the  N.  por- 
tion of  the  continent,  betw.  the  Atlantic 
&  the  Red  sea,  composed  of  burning 
plains  covered  with  shifting  sands,  or  arid 
rocks,  interspersed  occasionally  with  fer- 
tile oases.  The  mineral  riches  of  Africa 
are  little  known,  but  supposed  to  be  very 
iHiportant.  Gold  dust  is  found  in  most 
of  the  rivers ;  diamonds  have  recently 
been  gathered  in  Algeria ;  salt  occurs  in 
many  parts  of  the  continent  and  in  the 
islands.  Iron,  copper,  silver,  lead,  & 
tin  are  also  among  its  products,  &  in- 
dications of  coal  have  recently  been  ob- 
served. Africa  presents  the  most  striking 
contrasts  in  its  vegetable  productions  ; 
in  the  vicinity  of  arid  deserts,  there  are 
countries  covered  with  the  richest  ver- 
dure ;  wherever  the  land  is  sufficiently 
watered,  as  on  the  banks  of  rivers,  &  on 
the  declivities  of  mntns.,  vegetation  is 
characterized  by  the  utmost  vigor  & 
magnificence.  Among  its  vegetable  pro- 
ducts, are  the  baobab,  one  of  the  giants 
of  the  vegetable  world ;  a  species  of  teak 
or  oak  valuable  for  building ;  the  cocoa- 
nut  tree,  the  date,  the  palm,  orange,  cit- 
ron, olive,  the  papyrus,  &  nums.  dye- 
woods,  the  coiFee-tree.  sugar-cane,  cotton 
&  indigo.  The  fauna  of  Africa  is  still 
very  imperfectly  known ;  it  comprises 
the  chimpanzee,  a  species  of  monkey, 
which  most  resembles  man ;  the  ele- 
phant, hippopotamus,  rhinoceros,  zebra, 
giraffe,  buffalo ;  the  lion,  leopard,  pan- 


ther, the  wolf,  fox,  jackall,  hyena,  ante- 
lopes, &  bears.  The  chief  domestic  ani- 
mals, are  the  camel,  horse,  buffalo,  ox, 
sheep,  goats,  &  dogs.  Among  the  birds 
of  Africa  may  be  noticed  the  ostrich, 
eagles,  vultures,  hawks,  owls,  cuckoos,  & 
sun-birds.  The  commerce  of  the  interior 
of  Africa  is  conducted  by  means  of  cara- 
vans, &  consists  chiefly  in  gold-dust, 
copper,  ivory,  coral,  gums,  dye-wood, 
dates,  &  indigo,  which  are  exchanged 
for  European  goods  by  traders  who  visit 
the  coasts.  Africa  has  long  been  the 
principal  market  for  the  supply  of  slaves 
to  the  European  colonies.  It  is  calcu- 
lated that  200,000  Africans  are  annually 
sold  as  slaves.  From  1831  to  1841  inclu- 
sive, 150  vessels,  with  crews  amounting 
to  12,501,  were  employed  on  the  W.  coast 
of  Africa,  in  the  suppression  of  this  infa- 
mous trade ;  327  slavers  were  taken  with 
52,188  slaves,  at  a  cost  of  1,628,812Z.,  or 
311.  4s.  6d.  for  each  slave.  The  inhabi- 
tants of  Africa  comprise  many  varieties 
of  the  human  species  ;  the  most  remark- 
able &  best  known  of  these  are  the  Hot- 
tentots &  Caffres  in  the  S. ;  the  Negro 
races  on  the  S.W.,  &  in  the  interior  ;  the 
Moors  on  the  N. ;  the  Caucasian  races 
in  Abyssinia,  &  the  Copts  of  Egypt. 
FSticism,  a  degraded  superstition,  is  the 
religion  of  the  greater  number  of  the 
inhabs.,  being  professed  by  nearly  all  the 
negroes,  &  the  natives  of  Madagascar. 
A  corrupt  form  of  the  Christian  religion 
is  professed  in  Abyssinia  &  part  of 
Egypt,  &  Mohammedanism  prevails  in 
all  the  other  regions.  Africa  is  usually 
divided  into  the  following  countries  : — 
N.  Egypt  &  Barbary,  Tripoli,  Tunis.  Al- 
giers, &  Morocco,  S.  of  Barbary,  the  des- 
ert of  Sahara,  with  the  oases  of  Fezzan, 
Dar-fur,  &  Kordofan  ;  on  the  W.  Sene- 
gambia  &  Guinea;  on  the  S.  the  Cape 
Colony,  Cafifraria,  &  the  Hottentot  coun- 
try ;  on  the  E.  Nubia,  Abyssinia,  Adel, 
Zanguebar,  Mozambique,  &  Sofala ;  &  in 
the  centre,  Soudan.  A  notice  of  each  of 
these  will  be  found  under  their  proper 
heads.  The  English,  French,  Portu- 
guese, Spaniards,  Danes,  Dutch,  &Amer- 
icans,  have  colonial  establishments  in 
Africa. 

African  Islands,  a  group  of  low 
islets  in  the  Indian  ocean.  Lat.  of  N.- 
mostisl.,  4°  55'  30"  S. ;  Ion.  53°  33'  B. 

Afrikeah,  a  seaport  of  Tunis,  near 
Cape  Afrikeah,  on  the  Mediterranean. 
P.  3,000. 

Agably,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  route 
from  Tripoli  to  Timbuctoo.  Lat.  26°  40' 
N. ;  Ion.  0°  58'  E.     It  is  a  station  where 


8 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[ahm 


the  mercliants  of  Morocco  meet  with 
those  of  Tripoli,  Tunis,  &  Fezzan. 

Agades,  a  large  city  of  Africa,  cap. 
kgdm.  Asben,  in  an  oasis  of  the  Sahara. 
Lat.  18°  10'  N.;  Ion.  13°  E.  Here  the 
merchants  of  Soudan  meet  at  stated  pe- 
riods those  of  the  N.  African  states. 

Agadik,  the  most  S.  seaport  of  Mo- 
rocco, on  the  Atlantic.  Lat.  30°  26'  35'' 
N. ;  Ion.  9°  35'  56"  E.  P.  feOO.  (?)  It 
has  a  large  &  safe  harbor. 

Agana,  cap.  of  Guam,  one  of  the  La- 
drones,  on  its  W.  coast.  P.  3,000.  It  is 
the  resid.  of  a  Spanish  governor. 

Agata  (St.),  a  small  town,  Piedmont. 

P.  4,170. II.  a  town  of  Naples,  with 

rems.  of  mag.   amphitheatre  &  ruins  of 

ancient    Minturno.     P.    6,800. -III. 

Nuova,  a  town  of  Naples,  with  cotton  mills. 
P.  2,170. 

Agde,  a  town  of  France,  on  the  Herault 
riv.,  2  m.  from  the  Mediterr.  &  30  m.  S.W. 
Montpellier.  P.  8,884.  It  has  an  active 
coasting  trade. 

Agen,  a  town  of  France,  on  the  Ga- 
ronne, 73  m.  S.E.  Bordeaux.  P.  15,517. 
It  is  an  entrepot  for  trade  betw.  Bor- 
deaux: &  Toulouse. 

Agger,  a  natural  canal,  formed  betw. 
the  Lymfiord  &  the  North  sea,  in  Denmark, 
during  a  storm  in  1825. 

Aggersoe,  a  small  isl.  in  the  Great 
Belt.     P.  700. 

Aggershuus,  a  prov.  of  Norway  ;  cap. 
Christiana.  P.  567,833.  It  is  the  most 
important  prov.  in  the  kgdm.  for  agricul- 
ture, mines  &  commerce. 

Aghmat,  a  fortfd.  town  of  Morocco,  on 
the  N.  declivity  of  Mt.  Atlas.  P.  6,000,  of 
whom  1,000  are  Jews. 

Agincourt,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Pas 
de  Calais,  near  which  on  25th  Oct.  1415, 
the  English  won  a  celeb,  victory  over  the 
French. 

Aglie,  a  town  of  Piedmont.  P.  4,300. 
It  has  a  royal  palace,  &c. 

Agnes  (St.),  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Cornwall,  on  the  Bristol  channel.  P.  7,757. 
The  harbor  can  only  be  entered  at  high 
■water.  St.  Agnes' s  Beacon  in  the  vicinity 
rises  to  the  height  of  664  ft. 

Agnone,  a  town  of  Naples,  said  to  pro- 
duce the  best  copper  wares  in  the  kgdm. 
P.  7,460. 

Agon,  a  small  seaport  of  France,  on  the 
N.  coast  opposite  Jersey.     P.  1,561. 

Agordo,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  with  rich 
copper  mines.    P.  3,500. 

Agosta,  a  fortfd.  city  of  Sicily,  on  a 
peninsula,  14  m.  N.  Syracuse.  P.  14,000. 
It  is  we^ll  laid  out  &  has  a  safe  harbor. 
Exports,  salt,  oil,  wines  &  honey. 


Agra,  a  district  of  Brit.  India.  Area, 
45,000  sq.  m.  P.  7,000,000.  It  is  mostly 
a  level  plain,  watered  by  the  rivs.  Jumna, 
Ganges  &  Chumbul.  Wheat  &  barley 
are  the  common  grains,  of  which  there  are 
two  harvests  in  the  year.  The  soil  being 
too  dry  to  grow  rice,  millet  &  pulse  form 
the  chief  food  of  the  people.  Agra,  the 
cap.  of  the  district,  is  a  fortfd.  city  of  great 
extent,  on  the  Jumna,  115  m.  S.S.E. 
Delhi.  P.  95,250.  A  considerable  trade 
is  carried  on  with  the  W.  provs.  &  Persia. 
From  1504  to  1647,  Agra  was  the  seat  of 
the  Mohammedan  emp.  in  India.  It  was 
taken  by  the  British  17th  Oct.  1803. 

Agrakhan,  a  cape  in  the  Caspian  sea, 
Russian  territ.,  lat.  43°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  48° 
10'  E.,  with  a  bay  of  same  name  on  its  N. 
side. 

Agram,  a  city  of  Croatia,  near  the  Save, 
160  m.  S.S.W.  Vienna.  P.  14,300.  It  js 
the  resid.  of  the  Ban,  &  seat  of  the  sup. 
courts  of  Croatia,  Slavonia,  &  the  Banat. 

Agramunt,  a  town  of  Spain,  Catalonia. 
P.  2,680.     It  has  a  cathed. 

A&reda,  a  town  of  Spain,  Old  Castile. 

P.  3,847. II.  a  town  of  New  Granada, 

with  gold  mines. 

Agreve  (St.),  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Ardeche.     2,485. 

Agua,  Volcan  de,  a  mntn.  of  Centr. 
America,  state  &  25  m.  S.W.  Guatemala, 
its  crater  is  15,000  ft.  above  the  sea. 

Aguadilla,  a  seaport  of  Porio  Rico,  on 
its  N.W.  coast,  65  m.  W.  San  Juan.  P. 
2,500.  (7)     The  anchorage  is  good. 

Aguano,  Lake,  3  m.  W.  Naples,  occu- 
pies the  crater  of  an  extinct  volcano,  J  m. 
in  diam. 

Aguas  Calientes,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
N.E.  Guadalaxara.  P.  7,000.  It  is  a  hand- 
some toivn,  with  a  cloth  manufactory,  &  a 
considerable  trade.  It  has  hot  springs  in 
its  vicinity. 

Agctilar  de  la  Frontera,  a  town  of 
Spain,  22  m.  S.S.E.  Cordova,  remarkable 
for  the  salubrity  of  its  atmosphere.  P. 
11,836. 

Aguilas,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the  Medi- 
terr., 37  m.  S.W.  Cartagena,  with  a  small 
but  secure  port ;  resid.  of  vice-consuls  of 
Engld.,  France,  &  Portugal.     P.  4,832. 

Ahiolo,  a  seaport  of  European  Turkey, 
on  the  Black  sea,  48  m.  S.S.W.  Varna. 
It  has  some  trade  in  salt. 

Ahlen,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia. 
P.  2,750,  with  distilleries,  oil  mills,  &  linen 
weaving. 

Ahlfeld  or  Alfeld,  a  town  of  Han- 
over, landr.  Hildesheim,  on  the  Leine  & 
Warne,  27  m.  S.  Hanover.     P.  2,370. 

Ahmed AB  AD,  a  dist.  of  British  India, 


Aix] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER, 


9 


presid.  Bombay,  at  the  head  of  Cambay 
gulf.  Area,  4,072  sq.  m.  P.  528,073. 
Ahmedabad,  cap.  above  distr.,  on  the  Sa- 
bermatty,  120  m.  .N.N.W.,  Surat.  P. 
estim.  at  100,000.  Here  are  the  head- 
quarters of  the  N.  div.  of  the  Bainbay 
army. 

Ahmednuggur,  a  distr.  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Bombay.  Area,  9,910  sq.  m.  P. 
667,376.  Akmednus^gur,  a  city  &  fort, 
cap.  above  dist.,  on  the  Seena,  64  m.  jST.E. 
Poonah.  P.  20,000.  (?)  It  was  taken  by 
the  British  Aug.  12,  1803. 

Ahmedpoor,  the  name  of  several  towns 
in  Hindostan,  the  largest  of  which  is 
in  the  Bhawlpoor.     P.  20,000. 

Ahrweiler,  a  walled  town  of  Prussia. 
P.  2,600. 
,  Ahun,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Creuse. 
P.  2,212.     In  its  vicinity  are   extensive 
coal  mines. 

Ahus,  a  vill.  of  Sweden,  on  the  Baltic, 
9  m.  S.E.  Chrislianstadt,  of  which  it  is 
the  port,  having  a  good  harbor  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Helgeo. 

Aidone,  a  town  of  Sicily,  35  m.  S.W. 
.  Catania.     P.  3,800. 

AiGNAN  (St.),  a  town  of  France,  dep. 

Loire   et   Cher.      P.   3,146. II.    Sur- 

Roe  {St.),  dep.  Mayenne.     P.  574. 

AiGyEBELLE,  a  town  of  Savoy.  P. 
1, 150.  Celeb,  for  the  victory  of  the  French 
&  Spanish  over  the  troops  of  Savoy,  1742. 
Near  it  begins  the  road  constructed-  by 
Napoleon  over  Mt.  Cenis. 

AiGUEPERSE,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Puy  de  Dome;  with  manufs.  of  linen,  & 
mineral  springs.     P.  2,671. 

AiGUES-MoRTES,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Gard,  with  considerable  trade  in  fish.  It 
is  3  m.  from  the  Mediterr.     P.  3,965. 

AiGUEs-ViVES,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Gard,  with  large  distilleries  of  brandy. 
P.  1,687. 

,  AiGuiLLON,  a  town  of  France,  at  the 
•junction  of  the  rivs.  Lot  &  Garonne.  P. 
3,994. 

AiLSA  Craig,  an  insulated  rock  of  co- 
lumnar basalt  at  the  entrance  of  the  firth 
of  Clyde,  Scotland,  rising  to  the  height  of 
1,000  ft. 

AiN,  a  frontier  dep.  in  the  B.  of 
France.  Area,  584,822  heot.  P.  372,939. 
On  the  E.  it  is  mountainous,  &  in  the  S. 
&  W.  marshy.  The  Pihone  bounds  it  on 
the  S.,  the  Saone  on  the  W.,  and  the  Ain 
traverses  its  centre.  Climate  temperate. 
Minerals,  iron,  asphaltum  &  lithog.  stones. 
Products,  corn,  cattle,  timber  &  wine. 
Chf  towns,  Bourg,  Belley,  Gex,  Nantua 
&  Trevoux. 

AiNTAB,  a  town  of  Asiat.  Turkey,  on 

1* 


the  S.  slope  of  Mt.  Taurus,  60  m.  N.N.E. 
Aleppo.  P.  20,000.  It  has  large  bazaars, 
manufs.  of  goat  skins,  cotton  &  woollen 
cloths,  &  trade  in  hides,  tobacco  &  honey. 
Here  is  an  American  missionary  station. 

Airaines,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Somme,  with  important  manufs.  of  vegeta- 
ble oils.     P.  2,080. 

AiHDHiE,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  Lanark. 
P.  16,000.  It  is  well  built,  &  lighted  with 
gas ;  its  rapid  growth  is  owing  to  iron  & 
coal  in  its  vicinity,  &  to  its  proximity  to 
Glasgow,  in  the  manufs.  of  which  city  its 
weavers  are  employed. 

Aire,  a  fortfd.  town  of  France,  dep. 
Pas  de  Calais.  P.  9,591.  It  has  bar- 
racks for  6,000  men,  &  manufs.  of  woollen 

stuffs,    hats,  soap,  &c. II.  a  town  of 

France,  dep.  Landes.  P.  4,667.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see. 

Airola,  a  town  of  Naples,  23  m.  N.E. 
N.aples.     P.  4,260. 

AiRoi-o,  a  vill.  of  Switzerl.,  cant.  Tes- 
sin.  P.  1,850.  This  was  the  scene  of  a 
sanguinary  battle  betw.  the  Russians  & 
French,  13th  Sept,  1799. 

AisNB,  a  dep.  in  the  N.  of  France.  Area, 
7,285  kil.  P.  (1851)  558,989.  Temp, 
cold  &  humid.  Surface  flat,  soil  fertile, 
agriculture  good,  &  a  surplus  of  corn  & 
live  stock  is  produced.  Chf.  rivs.  Marne, 
Oise  &  Aisne,  all  navigable.  Manufs. 
cotton  &  linen  goods,  shawls,  mirrors, 
bottles,  iron  wares,  beet-root  sugar,  <fc 
chemical  products.  Princip.  towns,  Laon, 
St.  Quentin,  Soissons,  Chateau-Thierry, 
&  Vervins. 

AiTHSTiNG,  a  marit.  pa.  of  Shetland 
mainland,  united  with  Sandsting.  P. 
2,478.  The  bay  of  Aith  affords  good 
anchorage. 

Aix,  a  city  of  France,  dep.  Bouches- 
du-Rhone,  17  m.  N.  Marseilles.  P.  27,- 
715.  It  still  retains  its  feudal  walls  & 
gates.  The  hot  saline  spring  used  by 
the    Romans   still    exists   in    a   suburb. 

Manufs.  cotton,  thread,  silk,  &e. II.  a 

town  of  Savoy,  much  resorted  to  for  its 
thermal  waters.     P.  3,500. 

Aix,  Ile  d',  a  small  isl.  off  the  W. 
coast  of  France,  14.  m.N.W.Rochefort.  It 
has  works  for  military  culprits.  There 
are  vills.  of  this  name  in  several  deps. 
of  France. 

AixB,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  H.  Vi- 
enne.     P.  1,439. 

Aix-en-Othe,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Aube,  with  a  manuf.  of  fine  cotton  thread. 
P.  1,997. 

Aix-la-Chapelle)  German  Aachen), 
a  frontier  city  of  Prussia,  on  the  railw. 
from  Liege  to  Cologne.     P.  49,698.    It 


10 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[ala 


is  surround,  by  a  wall  with  ramparts,  & 
fosses,  is  well  built  &  bas  numerous  & 
important  factories  for  cloth,  needles, 
copper  &  brass  wares,  &  carriage  build- 
ing. Two  CBlob.  treaties  of  peace  were 
concluded  here,  (1)  betw.  France  &  Spain, 
by  which  France  secured  possession  of 
Flanders  in  1688 ;  &  (2)  in  1748,  which 
terminated  the  war  of  succession  in  Aus- 
tria. A  congress  was  held  here  in  1818. 
Charlemagne  &  his  successors  were 
crowned  here. 

Ajaccio,  the  cap.  of  Coisica,  on  its  AV. 
coast,  at  the  N.  of  the  gulf  of  the  same 
name.  P.  11,985.  .  Napoleon  was  born 
here,  15th  Aug.  1769. 

Ajan,  a  country  of  Africa,  extending 
along  its  E.  coast  from  Cape  Guardafui 
to  Zanguebar,  between  lat.  4°  &  11°  N"., 
bounded  N.  by  Adel,  E.  by  the  Indian 
ocean.  Chf.  towns,  Brava,  Magadoxo,  k 
Melinde. 

Ajello,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Cala- 
bria.   P.  4,000. 

Ajeta,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Cala- 
bria.    P.  3,490. 

Ajmeer  (Rajpootana),  a  prov.  of 
Hindostan,  presid.  Bengal.  The  city  of 
same  name,  is  on  a  hill-slope  crowned  by 
a  fortress,  220  m.  S.W.  Delhi.  P.  estim. 
at  25,000.  It  is  one  of  the  most  flourish- 
ing towns  of  the  Brit.  dom.  in  the  East. 

Ajofkin,  a  town  of  Spain,  9  m.  S.  To- 
ledo.    P.  2,833. 

Ajuntah,  a  large  fortfd.  town  of  Brit. 
India,  presid.  Bombay.  Near  it  are  some 
remarkable  cave-temples. 

Akabah,  Gulf  of,  an  inlet  of  the  Red 
sea,  in  lat.  28°  N.,  bounding  the  penin- 
sula of  Sinai  on  the  E,  Average  breadth 
12  m.     It  is  unfit  for  navigation.     The 

isl.  Tiran  lies  at  its   entrance. II.  a 

fortfd.  vill.  of  Arabia,  on  the  E.  side  of 
above  gulf. 

Aken,  or  AcKEN,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  on  the  Elbe,  25  m.  S.E.  Magde- 
burg. P.  4,290.  Chf.  trade,  in  cloth,  lea- 
ther, &  tobacco. 

Akermann,  a  fortfd.  town  of  Russia,  on 
the  Dniester,  near  the  Black  sea,  20  m. 
S.W.  Odessa.  P.  16,000.  It  has  a  port, 
&  an  e.xtensive  trade  in  salt.  The  famous 
treaty  concluded  at  Akermann  in  1826, 
exempted  the  Danubian  provs.  from  all 
but  a  nominal  dependence  on  Turkey. 

Akhah-shehe,  a  small  seaport  town, 
Asia  Minor,  on  the  Black  soa.  Some 
ship-building  is  here  carried  on. ' 

Akhalzikh.  a  city  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
prov.  Georgia,'  103  m.  W.Tiflis.  P.  10,- 
000,  most  of  whom  are  Armenians.  Its 
slave- market  has  been  suppressed. 


Ak-hissar,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  58 
m.  N.E.  Smyrna.  P.  6,000.  (?)  It  ex- 
ports cotton  goods. 

Akron,  the  cap.  of  Summit  co.  Ohio, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Ohio  &  Erie,  &  the 
Ohio  &  Pennsylvania  canals,  38  m.  S. 
Cleveland,  116  m.  W.  Pittsburg,  123  m. 
N.E.  Columbus.  By  a  succession  of  locks, 
the  Ohio  &  Erie  canal  is  here  raised  to 
the  Portage  summit.  The  Great  &  Lit- 
tle Cuyahoga  rivs.  supply  much  water 
power,  &  Akron  enjoys  an  active  trade.  P. 
3,266. 

Akreyri,  a  town  of  Iceland.  Lat.  65° 
40'  N.    It  has  a  good  harbor. 

Ak-serai,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
pash.  Karamania.  P.  5,000.  (7)  It  has 
many  Saracenic  remains. 

Ak-su,  a  town  of  Chinese  Turkestan, 
250  m.  N.E.  Yarkand.  Lat.  41°  7'  N. ; 
Ion.  79°  E.  P.  6,000,  besides  3,000  Chinese 
soldiers,  it  being  the  military  head-quar- 
ters of  this  part  of  the  empire.  It  has 
manufs.  of  woollen  stuffs  &  jasper,  &  is 
resorted  to  by  trading  caravans  from  all 
parts  of  central  Asia. 

Akyab,  a  seaport  of  Bengal,  on  the  isl. 
Akyab. 

Ala,  a  town  of  the  Tyrol,  on  the  Adige. 
P.  3,600. 

Alabama,  one  of  the  U.  S.  of  A.  betw. 
lat.  30°  10'  &  35°  N.  &  Ion.  85°  &  88° 
30'  W;  having  N.  Tennessee,  E.  Georgia, 
W.  Mississippi,  S.  Florida  &  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.  Area,  50,722  sq.  m.  P.  771,671, 
of  whom  342,892  are  slaves.  Alabama  is 
divided  in  49  counties  ;  17  in  the  north- 
ern district,  &  32  in  the  southern  district. 
The  southern  part  of  this  state,  which 
borders  on  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  is  low  & 
level,  in  the  middle  hilly,  &  in  the  north 
broken.  The  soil  of  the  state  is  in  gene- 
ral excellent.  The  Alleghany  mountains 
terminate  in  the  N.E.  section  of  this 
state,  sinking  here  to  hills.  Climate  in 
southern  part  unhealthy  ;  in  the  north- 
ern salubrious.  Cotton  is  the  staple  pro- 
duction of  the  state.  Iron  ore  is  found, 
&  coal  abounds.  The  exports  of  this  state 
are  from  12  to  15  millions.  Home-made 
or  family  manufactures  amount  to  about 
2,000,000.  Alabama  has  60  m.  seaport. 
This  includes  Mobile  bay,  which  is  30 
m.  long.  The  University  of  Alabama 
founded  in  1820,  &  Le  Grange  Coll. 
founded  in  1830,  are  flourishing  insti- 
tutions. State  debt,  §10,000,000.  One 
Bank  in  the  state  with  a  cap.  of  $3,389,- 
739.  Alabama  was  admitted  into  the 
Union  in  1820.  It  has  a  liberal  con- 
stitution, but  with  well-devised  checks  & 
balances. II.  riv.  Alabama,  formed  by 


alb] 


UNIVEKSAL    GAZKtTEEK. 


11 


the  junction  of  the  Coosa  &  Tallapoosa 

rivs.     L.  600  ni. III.  p-t .  Genesee  co. 

N.Y.    There  is  an  Indian  reservation  in 
the  town.    P.  1,798. 

Alabaster  Island,  one  of  the  Ba- 
hamas. 

Alachua,  a  co.  of  Florida,  watered  by 
the  Suwanee  &  Withlacooehee  rivs.  It 
is  on  the  W.  part  of  the  peninsula,  &  em- 
braces some  of  the  richest  soil  in  the 
state.  Area,  about  2,500  sq.  m.  Cap. 
Newlnansville'     P.  2,524. 

Alacbane  Islands,  a  group  in  the 
gulf  of  Mexico,  70  m.  N.  Yucatan,  on«a 
reef  15  m.  in  length  &  12  m.  in  breadth. 

Alagoa,  a  town  on  the  S.  shore  of  the 
isl.  St.  Michael,  Afores. 

Alagoas,  a  prov.  of  Brazil,  having  N. 
&  W.  the  prov.  Pernambuco,  S.  the  riv. 
San  Francisco,  &  E.  the  Atlantic.  Area, 
19,300  sq.  m.  P.  120,000.  Exports,  su- 
gar, cotton,  hides.  Brazil-wood,  &  rose- 
wood. Chief  towns,  Mafayo,  Alagoas, 
Unna,  &  Penedo.  , 

Alais,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Gard, 
.  25  m.  N.W.  Nimes,  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected by   railway.     P.    18,697.     It  is 
situated  in  a  productive  coal  field,  &  has 
consid.  manufs. 

Alajuela,  a  city  of  Costa  Rica.  P. 
8,000,  incl.  suburbs. 

Alamance,  a  new  co.  of  N.  Carolina. 
P.  11,444. 

Alamos  (Real  de  los),  a  town,  of 
Mexico,  dep.  Sonora.     P.  7,900.  (?) 

Aland  Islands,  an  archip.  of  about 
80  inhab.  isls.,  in  the  gulf  of  Bothnia. 
P.  15,000,  of  Swedish  descent.  Exports, 
salt  beef,  butter,  cheese,  hides,  cured 
fish,  &  firewood  ;  imports,  salt  &  manuf. 
goods.  These  isls.,  taken  from  Sweden 
in  1809,  are  of  great  importance  to  Rus- 
sia, &  contain  several  fortified  ports.  The 
chief  isl.  Aland,  has  an  area  of  28  sq. 
m.i  a  p.  of  9,000,  &  a  good  harbor  on  its 
W.  side. 

Alapapaha,  a  riv.  of  Georgia,  about 
190  m.  in  length ;  flows  into  the  Suwanee. 

Alaq.ua,  a  riv.  of  Florida,  falls  into 
Choctawhatchee  bay,  &  is  naVig.  15  m. 
by  vessels  drawing  5  ft.  water. 

Alaro,  a  town  of  the  isl.  Majorca. 
P.  4,081. 

Ala-Shehr,  "  The  exalted  city," 
Philadelphia,  founded  200  years  B.C.  by 
Attalus  Philadelphus.  a  walled  city  of 
Asia  Minor,  83  m.  E.  Smyrna.  P.  15,000. 
It  is  an  archbishop's  see. 

Alassio,  a  seaport  of  the  kgdm.  of 
Sardinia,  near  Genoa.     P.  6,500. 

Alassona,  a  town  of  Burop.  Turkey. 
P.  3,000. 


Ala-Tagh,  a  mntn.  chain  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  separating  the  two  heads  of  the 
Euphrates. 

Alatamaha,  a  riv.  of  Georgia,  formed 
by  the  union  of  the  Oconee  &  the  Ock- 
mulgee,  after  which  it  flows  100  m.  into 
Alatamaha  sound,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlan- 
tic, 60  m.  S.W.  Savannah.  The  bar  at 
the  mouth  has  14  ft.  water.  The  Alata- 
maha is  navigable  on  the  Oconee  branch, 
300  m.  from  the  ocean,  for  boats  of  30 
tons,  &  for  steamboats  to  Milledgeville  ; 
&  for  a  like  distance  on  the  Ockmulgee 
branch.  The  whole  length  of  the  riv.  to 
its  source  is  500  m.  Darien  city  is  situ- 
ated 12  m.  above  the  bar. 

Alatri,  atownofPontif.  sta.  P.  9,000. 
It  has  some  perfect  remains  of  Cyclopean 
architecture. 

Alatyr,  a  town  of  Russia,  80  m.  N.W. 
Simbirsk.     P.  4,407. 

Alausi,  a  valley^  of  the  Andes,  &  town 
of  Ecuador.  It  has  woollen  &  cotton 
factories. 

Alava,  Spain,  one  of  the  3  Basque 
provs.,  mntns..  &  rich  in  iron  mines. 
P.  71,237. 

Alaya,  a  decayed  town  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  on  n  promont.  in  the  Mediterr. 
P.  2,000.  It  has  a  good  anchorage,  but 
no  harbor. 

Alba,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  30  m.  S.E. 
Turin.     P.  8,286. 

Albacete,  a  town  of  Spain,  cap.  of 
province  of  the  same  name,  138  m.  S.E. 
Madrid.  P.  of  town,  13,143;  of  the 
prov.  180,773. 

Alba  de  Tokmes,  a  town  of  Spain,  14 
m.  S.E.  Salamanca.  P.  2,176.  The 
French  won  a  victory  over  the  Spaniards 
here,  26th  Nov.  1809. 

Alban,  St.,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 

Tarn.      P.   696. -II.    dep.    Cotes-du- 

Nord.     P.  1,378. III.  dep.  Isere.    P. 

1,050. IV.  dep.  Lozere.     P.  2,530. 

Albania,  a  prov.  of  Europ.  Turkey, 
betw.  lat.  39°  &  43°  N.,  &  Ion.  19°  &  21° 
30'  E. ;  has  S.  Greece,  &  W.  the  Adriatic. 
Area,  13,800  sq.  m.,  &  p.  500,000.  It  is 
mostly  mntns.,  but  has  some  fertile 
plains.  Chf.  rivers,  Diin,  Scumbi,  Ma- 
roshti,  &  Vojutza;  chf.  lakes,  Scutari  & 
Ochrida.  The  safest  port  is  Avlona.  The 
plains  yield  nearly  all  the  products  of 
S.  Europe  (including  cotton  at  Ochrida). 
The  Albanians,  or  Arnauts,  mostly  pro- 
fess to  be  Christians  of  the  Roman  ot 
Greek  churches  ;  but  many  are  Moham- 
medans ;  &  all  are  in  a  very  rude  con- 
dition. Much  of  it  is  only  nominally 
dependent  on  the  Porte.  Chf.  cities, 
Janiua,    Scutari,     Prisrend,    Dulcignoj 


12 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[alb 


Kroya,  Petsh,  'Avlona,  Berat,  Durazzo, 
Jacova,  &  Kavaya. 

Albano,  a  lake  &  mountain  of  Italy, 

13  m.  S.E.  Rome. II.,  an  episcop.  city 

of  Pontif.  States,  14  m.  S.E.  Rome.    P. 
5,600.    It  is  a  favorite  summer  resort  of 

the  Roman  nobility. III.,  a  town  of 

Naples.    P.  2,700. 

Alban's,  St.,  a  borough  &  town  of 
England,  co.  Hertford,  19  m.  N.W. 
London.    P.  6,246. 

Alban's   Head,   St.,    a    conspicuous 
promontory  on  the  coast  of  Dorsetshire, 
England.    Lat.  50°  N. ;  Ion.  20°  10'  W. 
Albany,  the  capital  of  the  state  of 
New  York,  on  the  Hudson  rir.,  145  m. 
by  water  above  the  city  of  New  York,  in 
lat.  42°  39'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  32'  ^Y.     It  is 
370  m.  from  Washington,  &  164  m.  from 
Boston.     Albany  was  founded  by   the 
Dutch  in  1623,  and  was  by  them  called 
Beaverwyck,  afterward  "VVilliamstadt.  In 
1664,  it  was  surrendered  to  the  English, 
who  gave  it  the  present  name  in  honor 
of  the  Duke  of  York  &  Albany.     It  was 
incorporated  in  1686.     Its  population  at 
each  census  has  been: — in  1790,  3,498; 
in  1800,  5,349  ;  in  1810,  9,356  ;  in  1820, 
12,630 ;  in  1830,  24,238  ;  in  1840,  33,721 ; 
&  in  1850,  50,771.   The  ground  on  which 
Albany  is  built,  has  a  flat,  alluvial  tract 
from  50  to  100  yards  in  width,  along  the 
margin  of  the  riv.,  back  of  which  it  rises 
somewhat  abruptly,  attaining  in  half  a 
mile  an  elevation  of  153  ft.,  &  in  one  m. 
a  height  of  220  ft.  above  the  level  of  the 
river.    Beyond  this,  the  surface  is  level. 
The  older  parts  were  not  laid  out  with 
regularity,  &   some  of  the   streets  are 
narrow ;  but  the  modern  portions  of  the 
city  have  spacious  &  regular  streets.  The 
capitol  is  a  large  stone  edifice,  115  ft.  in 
length  by  90  ft.  in  breadth,  fronting  on  a 
fine  square  at  the  head  of  State  street. 
The  State  Hall,  for  the  public  offices,  & 
the  City  Hall,  are  two  large  &  handsome 
buildings,  on  another  side  of  the  same 
square.    The  other  public  buildings  are, 
a  Medical  College,  the  Albany  Academy, 
the  Female  Academy,  &  the  Albany  Ex- 
change.    The  Albany  Female  Academy 
has  obtained  an  extensive  and  deserved 
celebrity.    The  Albany  Library  contains 
9,000  vols.    There  are  two  Orphan  Asy- 
lums— the  Albany  Orphan  Asylum,  &  the 
St.  Joseph's  Orphan  Asylum,  a  Roman 
Catholic  institution,  for  females   only. 
Albany  has  100  streets  &  alleys,  built  on 
eleven  public  squares.  The  city  contains 
30   places  of  worship.     The   old   State 
House  is  now  converted  into  a  Museum, 
for  the  reception  of  a  Geological  Cabinet, 


collected  by  the  state  geologists  in  their 
surveys.  The  situation  of  Albany,  for 
trade  &  commerce,  is  commanding,  being 
on  a  fine  river,  and  having  a  rich  back 
countrj' ;  its  natural  advantages  are 
great,  while  it  has  a  ready  access  to  a 
widely  extensive  country  In  all  directions 
by  canals  &  railroads.  The  manufs.  of 
Albany  are  flourishing,  especially  of 
carriages,  hats  &  caps,  soap  &  candles, 
musical  instruments,  combs,  copper,  tin, 
&  sheet  iron.  Albany  has  10  furnaces, 
3  malting  houses,  &  9  breweries.  Cap.  in 
manufs.  about  $2,000,000.  There  are 
about  50  commission  houses  engaged  in 

foreign  trade. II.  the  county  in  which 

the  above  city  is  located,  lies  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  Hudson  river.  Area,  515  sq. 
m.  The  soil  is  fertile  &  well  cultivated 
near  the  river,  but  sandy  &  unproductive 

in  the  interior.  P.  93,279. III.  there 

are  numerous  villages  &  townships  of 
this  name  in  different  parts  of  the  U.  S. 

IV.  a  riv.,  fort  &  dist.  of  British  N. 

America  :  the  riv.  connected  by  a  series 
of  lakes  with  L.  Winnipeg,  flows  E.N.E. 
through  8  degs.  of  Ion.,  &  enters  James' 

bay,  near  Fort  Albany. V.  a  seaport 

of  W.  Australia,  on  K.  George  sound; 
lat.  35°  3'  S. ;  Ion.  117°  52'  40"  E. 

Albahbacin,  a  town  of  Spain,  Arragon. 
P.  1,530.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Albay,  a  town  of  Luzon  (Phillippino 
Islands),  cap.  prov.,  and  residence  of  a 
governor.     P.  13,115. 

Albayda,  a  town  of  Spain.  P.  3,130, 
who  manuf.  linens. 

Albemakle,  a  central  co.  of  Virginia, 
having  S.  James'  River,  &  N.W.  the 
Blue  Ridge.  Area,  700  sq.  m.  Cap. 
Charlottesville.  .  Soil  diversified.  P. 
25,800. 

Albemarle  Island,  the  largest  of  the 
Galapagos. 

Albemarle  Sound,  an  inlet  of  the  At- 
lantic, in  the  N.E.  part  of  North  Carolina. 
It  is  60  m.  in  length,  &  from  4  to  15  m. 
in  breadth ;  &  is  connected  with  Chesa- 
peake bay  by  a  canal  through  Dismal 
swamp. 

Albendokp,  a  vill.  of  Pruss.  Silecia. 
P.  1,260.  Near  it  is  the  sanctuary  of  New 
Jerusalem,  said  to  be  visited  yearly  by 
80,000  pilgrims. 

Albenga,  a  seaport  of  Italy,  44  m. 
S.W.  Genoa,  belonging  to  Sardinia.  P. 
4,735. 

Alberona,  a  town  of  Naples.   P.  2,900. 

Alberobello,  a  town  of  Naples.  P. 
3,800. 

Albert,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Sonmio. 
P.  2,828. 


ALC] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


13 


Albert- ViLLB,  a  city  of  Upper  Savoy, 
founded  in  1835.  It  has  royal  foundries  of 
lead  "5;  silver,  &  a  royal  college.   P.  3,406. 

Albi,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Tarn,  41 
m.  N.E.  Toulouse.  P.  14,492.  In  the  vi- 
cinity is  the  most  important  steel  manuf. 
in  France.  The  sect  of  Albigeois  origi- 
nated here  in  the  12th  cent. 

Albino,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy.  P. 
2,200. 

Albion,  a  town  of  Kennebec  co.  Maine. 

P.  1,604. II.  cap.  of  Orleans  co.  New 

York,  250  m.  W;  Albany,  on  the  Erie  ca- 
nal.    P.  1,400. III.  a  town  of  Oswego 

CO.  New  York.  P.  1,503.  There  are  also 
several  small  places  of  the  same  name  in 
other  states. 

Albion  (New),  the  name  given  by 
Sir  Francis  Drake  to  California  &  the 
adjoining  coast. 

Albisola  Marina,  &  Superiore,  two 
towns  of  Piedmont.  P.  of  the  former, 
1,569;  the  latter,  2,317. 

Alblasserdam,  a  vill.  of  Holland,  9 
m.  S.E.  Rotterdam.     P.  2,046. 

Albona,  a  town  of  Istria,  42  m.  S.E. 
Triest,  with  a  college  &  1,100  inhabs. 
.    Albon,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Drome. 
P.  2,633. 

Albohan,  a  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterr. 
belonging  to  Spain,  J  m.  long,  J  m.  broad. 
Lat.  35°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  0'  40"  W.  In- 
habited by  fishermen. 

Albostan,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey. 
P.  9,000. 

Albreda,  a  town  of  Senegambia,  on 
the  Grambia,  below  the  British  fort  James. 
The  French  have  a  trading  station  here. 

Albuera  (La),  a  town  of  Spain,  13  m. 
S.E.  Badajoz.  On  the  16th  May,  1811, 
the  British  &  allies  here  gained  a  victory 
over  the  French. 

Albufeira,  a  seaport  of  Portugal,  on 
the  Atlantic,  46  m.  E.  C.  St.  Vincent.  P. 
2,800.  Its  harb.,  which  admits  the  largest 
vessels,  is  defen.  by  a  citadel  &  batteries. 

Albufera,  a  lake  of  Spain,  on  the 
coast ;  it  communicates  by  a  narrow  chan- 
nel with  the  Mediterr. 

Albula,  a  mountain  pass  of  Switzer- 
land, Grisons,  from  the  basin  of  the  Rhine 
to  that  of  the  Inn. 

ALBuauERQUE,  a  town  of  Spain,  near 
the  Portug.  frontier.  P.  5,470.—— II.  a 
town  of  Mexico,  &  90  m.  S.S.W.  Santa 
Fe,  near  1.  b.  of  the  Rio  del  Norte.  P. 
6,000.^ III.  a  vill.  of  BrazU,  on  the  Pa- 
raguay. 

ALBUQUERaUE       IsLANDS      (or     S.     W. 

Keys),  a  group  of  isls.  in  the  Carib.  sea, 
110  m.  E.  the  Mosquito  Coast.  Lat.  12° 
4'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  50'  W. 


Alburg,  a  port  of  entry  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  in  Grand  Isle  co.  Vermont,  83  m. 
from  Montpelier.     P.  1,344. 

Alcala  de  Chivert,  a  town  of  Spain. 
P.  4,954. 

Alcala  de  los  Gazules,  a  town  of 
Spain,  30  m.  E.  Cadiz.     P.  6,116. 

Alcala  de  Guadaira,  a  town  of  Spain. 
P.  6,702. 

Alcala  de  Henares,  a  walled  city  of 
Spain,  17  m.  E.N.E.  Madrid.  P.  5,153. 
Since  the  removal  of  its  university  to 
Madrid,  it  is  in  a  state  of  rapid  decay. 
Cervantes  was  born  here  in  1547. 

Alcala  la  Real,  a  city  of  Spain.  P. 
6,848.  The  French  defeated  the  Spaniards 
here,  28th  Jan.  1810.  Alcala  is  the  name 
of  many  small  Spanish  towns. 

Alcamo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  with  edifices 
of  Moorish  origin.     P.  15,500. 

Alcanede,  a  town  of  Portugal.  P. 
2,500. 

Alcaniz,  a  walled  town  of  Spain,  60 
m.  S.E.  Zaragoza.     P.  5,100. 

Alcantara,  a  fortfd.  town  of  Spain,  on 
the  Tagus,  near  the  Portuguese  frontier. 

P.  4,273. II.  a  seaport  of  Brazil,  on 

W.  side  of  the  estuary  of  the  Maranhao, 
near  its  mouth. -III.  a  riv.  of  Sicily. 

Alcantavilla,  a  town  of  Spain.  P. 
3,481. 

Alcandete,  a  town  of  Spain.   P.  6,242. 

Alcaraz,  a  town  of  Spain,  at  the  foot 
of  the  Sierra  de  Alcaraz,  with  mines  of 
copper  &  zinc.    P.  7,325. 

Alcazar  de  San  Juan,  a  town  of 
Spain.  P.  7,540.  Manufs.  of  soa,p,  gun- 
powder, and  nitre. 

Alcazar' Kebir.  a  city  of  Morocco,  80 
m.  N.W.  Fez.     P.  5,000. 

Alceste,  a  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific, 
gulf  of  Pe-tche-lee,  3  m.  N.W.  the  N.E. 
point  of  Shan-tung. 

Alcest^r,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  War- 
wick. P.  2,399.  It  is  the  principal  seat 
of  the  needle  manuf. 

Alciha,  a  walled  town  of  Spain,  on  an 
isl.  in  the  Xucar.  P.  13,000.  Near  it  is 
a  remarkable  stalactitic  cavern. 

Alcobaca,  a  town  of  Portugal.  P. 
2,000,  with  an  ancient  abbey,  in  which  are 
the  tombs  of  many  kings  of  Portugal. 

Alcora,  a  town  of  Spain,  45  m.  N.N.E. 
Valencia.     P.  5,609.     Exjports  fruit. 

Alcover,  a  town  of  Spain.     P.  2,812. 

Alcoy,  a  town  of  Spain,  24  m.  N.N.W. 
Alicante.  P.  27,000.  It  has  numerous 
paper  and  woollen  factories. 

Alcudia,  a  town  of  Majorca,  on  a  pen- 
insula at  its  N.  extrem.,  with  a  p.  of  1,116, 
&,  consid.  trade. — Alcudia  is  the  name  of 
several  Spanish  towns. 


14 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


{ale 


Alcuescae,  a  town  of  Spain.   P.  3,560. 

Aldabra,  an  isl.  in  the  Indian  ocean, 
N.  of  Madagascar,  lat.  9°  26'  S. ;  Ion.  46° 
35'  E. 

Aldan,  a  riv.  of  Siberia,  rises  near  the 
Chinese  frontier,  and  joins  the  Lena  in 
lat.  63°  12'  N.,  Ion.  129°  40'  E.,  after  a 
course  of  about  300  m. 

Aldan  Mountains,  a  chain  of  mntns. 
in  B.  Siberia,  rounding  the  sea  of  Ochotsk 
under  different  names,  &  terminating  at 
Behring  strait.  Their  average  height  is 
4,000  ft.  Many  summits  are  active  vol- 
canoes. 

Aldbobough,  a  seaport  of  England,  co. 
Suffolk.    P.  1,557.    It  has  become  a  place 

of  resort  for  sea  bathing. II.  a  town 

of  England,  co.  York.     P.  2,424. III. 

a  pa.  of  England,  co.  Norfolk. 

Alde,  a  riv.  of  England,  co.  Suffolk ; 
joins  the  North  sea  at  Orford. 

Aldea  Galega,  a  town  of  Portugal,  on 
the  estuary  of  the  Tagus,  10  m.  E.  Lisbon. 
P.  4,000. 

Aldea  Davila,  a  town  of  Spain,  on 
the  Duero.     P.  1,490. 

Aldea  Velha,  a  to^vn  &  harbor  of 
Brazil,  on  the  bay  of  Espiritu  Santo. 

Alden,  a  town  of  Erie  co.  New  York, 
22  m.  B.  Buffalo. 

Alderney,  an  isl.  in  the  English  chan- 
nel, off  the  coast  of  Normaady,  belonging 
to  Great  Britain,  dioc.  Winchester,  10  m. 
W.  Cape  la  Hogue.  Lat.  of  telegraph  49° 
41'  5"  N. ;  Ion.  2°  13'  7'  W.  Circumf. 
about  8  m.  Pop.  1,030.  It  is  well  cultiv., 
&  noted  for  its  breed  of  small  cows,  but 
has  no  good  harb.,  &  little  trade.  In  its 
centre  is  a  town  of  same  name. 

Alderney  (Race  of),  a  strait. between 
the  above  isl.  &  Cape  la  Hogue,  dangerous 
from  the  strength  &  rapidity  of  its  tides. 
[Caskets.] 

A  ld  STONE,  a  town  of  England,  co.  Cum- 
berland.    P.  1,650. 

Alemouth,  a  seaport  of  England,  co. 
Northumberland,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Alno,  in  the  North  sea.     P.  440. 

Alemtejo,  a  prov.  of  Portugal,  having 
E.  Spain,  &  W.  the  Atlantic.  Area, 
10,255  sq.  m.  P.  (1841)  276,590.  Clim. 
e.xtrem.  hot  &  dry.  Surface  undulating, 
liisbon  is  mostly  supplied  with  com  from 
hence,  &  rice  is  grown  in  the  low  grounds. 
Manufs.  of  woollen  cloth  &  earthenware. 

Alencon,  a  city  of  Prance,  cap.  dep. 
Orrie,  in  a  plain  on  the  Sarthe,  105  m. 
AV.S.W.  Paris.  P.  (1846)  14,755.  The 
manuf.  of  the  celeb,  lace  called  point 
d'Alenfon  still  occupies  5  or  6  princip. 
houses.  The  crystals  called  Alenjon  dia- 
monds are  found  in  its  vicinity. 


Alenqtjer,  a  fortfd.  town  of  Portugal, 
25  m.  N.N.E.  Lisbon.  P.  3,200,  with 
extensive  paper-mills. 

Aleppo,  a  city  of  Syria,  &  one  of  the 
principal  emporiums  of  the  Ottoman  Emp., 
on  the  Koeik  70  m.  E.  the  Mediterranean. 
Lat.  36°  11'  N. ;  Ion.  37°  10'  E.  P.  estim. 
at  from  60,000  to  85,000  ;  but  previously 
to  the  earthquake  of  1822  it  is  said  to 
have  been  upwards  of  200,000.  In  ancient 
times  the  city  rose  to  importance  on  the 
destruction  of  Palmyra,  &  became  the 
great  emporium  of  trade  between  Europe 
&  the  Bast.  Aleppo  has  numerous  mer- 
cantile houses,  &  is  resorted  to  bj'  large 
caravans  from  various  parts  of  Asia  Minor. 
Consuls  of  most  European  nations  reside 
here. 

Ales,  an  episcopal  town  of  isl.  Sardinia. 
P.  1,135.     It  has  mineral  springs. 

Alesandria,  a  fortfd.  city  of  Pied- 
mont, in  a  sterile  plain,  on  the  Tanaro, 
46  m.  E.S.E.  Turin.  P.  of  town,  18,955, 
with 'suburbs,  39,853,  excl.  of  a  garrison 
of  4,039  men.  It  is  well  built,  &  has  a 
cathed.,    large   barracks,   &   many   good 

public  edifices. II.  a  town  of  Naples. 

P.  1,500. 

Aleshki,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the 
Dnieper,  opp.  Kherson.     P.  1,500. 

Alessano,^  a  town  of  Naples.   P.  1,745. 

Alessio,  a  town  of  Albania.  P.  3,000. 
Scanderbeg  was  buried  in  its  fortress. 

Aleutian  Islands,  a  group  of  isls. 
belong,  to  Russia,  in  the  N.  Pacific,  ex- 
tending betw.  Kamtchatka  &  the  peninsula 
Aliaska,  Russ.  America,  from  lat  52°  to 
53°  N.,  &  Ion.  172°  to  178°  E.  They 
mclude  several  subord.  groups,  viz.  the 
true  Aleutian,  Andreanov,  &  Fox  isls., 
&  are  rocl^y  &  volcanic,  having  some  voles, 
in  constant  activ.  The  inhab.  estim.  at 
8,700,  subsist  mostly  by  himting  &  fishing, 
vegetation  being  scanty,  &  agric.  almost 
unknown.  Chief  exjoorts,  otter,  fox,  & 
other  skins,  the  trade  in  which  is  monopo- 
lized by  the  Russo-American  Company. 

Alexander,  a  co.  in  the  S.  part  of  Il- 
linois, having  S.E.  the  Ohio,  &  S.W.  the 
Mississippi.  Area,  375  sq.  m.  Soil  allu- 
vial   &  fertile.      P.  2,484.      Cap.  Unity. 

II.  a  CO.  of  North  Carolina    P.  5,220. 

-III.    a    town    of     Washington    co. 

Maine.  P.  513. IV.  a  town  of  Gene- 
see   CO.  New  York.      P.  3,313. V.  a 

town  of  Athens  co.  Ohio,  one  of  the  town- 
ships granted  to  the  Ohio  University.  P. 
1,451. 

AlexAndrapol  Fort,  Russia.     [Gum- 

RI.] 

Alexandretta,     Aleppo.      [Scande- 

ROON.] 


alg] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


15 


Alexandria,  a  celeb,  city  of  Egypt, 
near  the  westmost  branch  of  the  Nile, 
on  the  Mediterr.,  112  m.  N-W.  Cairo, 
with  which  it  communicates  by  the  Mah- 
mudiyeh  canal  &  the  Nile.  Lat.  of  Pha- 
ros 31°  12'  9"  N.;  Ion.  29°  53'  E.  P. 
about  60,000,  including  8,000  troops  &  the 
artisans  employed  in  the  arsenal.  In  the 
new  streets  &  squares  it  has  more  the  as- 
pect of  a  Burop.  than  of  an  African  or 
Asiatic  city.  The  Turkish  quarter  is 
irreg.  &  dirty.  There  are  two  ports,  in 
the  best  of  which  ships  anchor  in  from  22 
to  40  ft.  water.  A  castle  called  Farillon, 
&  serving  as  a  landmark  to  sailors,  re- 
places the  famous  Pharos  of  anticjuity. 
Alexandria  is  the  emporium  of  Egypt. 
Principal  exports,  corn,  cotton,  wool,  gums, 
soda,  rice,  dates,  senna,  feathers,  &  other 
African  products,  hides,  &  a  few  manuf. 
goods.  In  1840,  66,342  bales  of  cotton 
were  exported,  mostly  to  England,  France, 
&  Austria.  Principal  imports,  cotton, 
woollen,  &  silk  goods,  hardware  &  ma- 
chinery, with  timber,  coal,  drugs,  & 
colonial  products.  In  1840  the  value  of 
the  imports  amounted  to  1,327,396Z.,  & 
that  of  the  exports  to  1,072,033Z.  Alex- 
andria is  an  important  station  in  the  over- 
land route  to  India,  &  consuls  of  the  chief 
European  nations  reside  here.  Among 
the  most  celeb,  relics  of  antiquity  in  Alex- 
andria are  Pompey's  Pillar  &  Cleopatra's 
Needles,  a  column  &  two  obelisks  of  red 

granite. II.  a  co.  of  Virginia,  on  the 

Potomac  riv.,  &  adjoining  the  District  of 
Columbia,  of  which  it  formed  a  part  until 
1846,  when  it  was  retroceded  to  Virginia 
by  the  Federal  Government.    Area,  36  sq. 

m.    Soil  poor  &  uneven.     P.  10,016. 

III.  the  cap.  of  said  county,  115  m.  N. 
Richmond,  43  m.  S.S.W.  Baltimore.  It 
is  a  port  of  entry,  well  situated  on  the 
Potomac,  which  is  here  navigable  by  ves- 
sels of  the  largest  class.  P.  9,967.  The 
tonnage  of  the  port  in  1850  was  1,011,187. 
Flour,  wheat,  Indian  corn,  &  tobacco  are 
exported  in  considerable  quantities,  but 
the  city  is  not  flourishing.  There  are  3 
banks   here,  with  an   aggregate   cap.  of 

$657,000. IV.  a  town  of   Grafton  co. 

New  Hampshire.    P.  1,284. -V.  a  town 

of  Jefferson  co.  New  York,  on  the  St. 
Lawrence.     Part  of  the  Thousand  Islands 

belong  to  this  town.     P.  3,475. VI.  a 

town  of  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.     P.  575. 

VII.  a  town  of  HMtingdon  co.  New  Jer- 
sey.    P.  3,420. VIII.  a  vill.  of  De 

Kalb    CO.  Tennessee.      P.        . IX.   a 

town  of  Louisiana,  Rapides  parish,  on  the 
Red  riv.,  291  m.  N.W.  New  Orleans.  P. 
500. ^X.  Si.  Paul,  a  vill.  Russ.  Ameri- 


ca, on  the  isl.  Kadiak,  with  a  good  port. 

XI.  a  vill.  of  Scotland,  co.  Dumbarton. 

P.  3,039,  chiefly  employed  in  cotton  print- 
ing.  XII.  Troas,  a  small  town  on  the 

coast  of  Asia  Minor. 

Alexandrov,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  which 
Ivan  IV.  established  the   first   printing 

press  known  in  that  empire. II.  a  town 

of  Poland,  60  m.  W.  Warsaw.  P.  3,200. 
III.  a  Russian  fort  in  the  Caucasus. 

Alexandrovsk,  a  fortfd.  town  of  Rus- 
sia, on  the  Dnieper.  P.  4,000.  It  is  the 
place  of  embarkation  for  all  products  ex- 
ported by  that  river  to  the  Black  sea. 
There  are  several  stations  of  the  same 
name  in  Orenberg,  the  Caucasus,  &  Russ. 
America. 

Aleyoe,  a  town  of  the  isl.  Minorca. 
P.  3,000. 

Alfaques,  a  seaport  of  Spain,  at  the 
mouth  of  a  branch  of  the  Ebro,  in  the 
Mediterr.,  with  extensive  salt-works. 

Alfaho,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the  Ebro. 
P.  4,084. 

Alford,  a  town  of  Berkshire  co.  Mas- 
sachusetts.    P.  481. 

Alfred,  a  town  of  York  CO.  Maine.  P. 
1,309,  among  whom  are  a  society  of  Sha- 
kers.  II.  a  town  of  Alleghany  co.  New 

York,  on  the  Erie  railroad.     P.  1,630. 

Alfreton,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Derby.  P.  7,577.  Near  it  are  extensive 
collieries  &  iron  works. 

Algajola,  a  small  fortfd.  seaport  of 
Corsica. 

Algansi,  a  town  of  Branch  co.  Michi- 
gan.    P.  424. 

Algarinejo,  atownof  Spain.  P.  4,383. 

Algarv,  the  S.-most  prov.  of  Portu- 
gal, with  the  title  of  a  kingdom,  having 
E.  Spain,  S.  &  W.  the  Atlantic.  Area, 
2,100  sq.  m.  P.  130,329.  Exports,  dried 
fruits,  kermes,  wine,  salt,  &  tunny  fish. 

Algayda,  a  town  of  the  isl.  Majorca. 
P.  2,859. 

Algeciras,  a  seaport  of  Spain,  6  m. 
W.  Gibraltar.  P.  11,077.  It  has  a  well- 
frequented  harbor.  Exports,  charcoal  & 
tanned  leather. 

Algemesi,  a  town  of  Spain.     P.  4,492. 

Algeria,  a  country  of  Northern  Africa, 
having  N.  the  Mediterranean,  S.  the  desert 
of  Sahara,  E.  Tunis,  &  W.  Morocco.  It 
lies  between  lat.  35°  &  37°  N. ;  extending 
from  Ion.  2°  11'  W.  to  8°  53'  E. ;.  &  is 
about  550  m.  in  length,  &  200  m.  in 
breadth.  Cap.  Algiers.  P.  estimated  on 
Jan.  1st,  1847,  at  2,808,881,  composed  of 
97,760  French  soldiers ;  7,048  auxiliary 
do. ;  109,400  European  civilians ;  & 
2,594,673  natives.  Algeria  is  traversed 
by.  the  Atlas   mountains.     The  coast  is 


16 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHV. 


[alo 


steep,  &  deficient  in  good  ports.  Tlie  chf. 
plains  are  those  of  Oran,  Metidjah,  & 
Shelif ;  the  principal  rivs.  are  the  Wad- 
el-Gedy,  which  rises  S.  of  the  Atlas  range, 
&  flows  to  the  Melgig  lake  ;  the  Shelif, 
which  rises  on  the  borders  of  Sahara,  & 
flows  to  the  Mediterr. ;  the  others  are  the 
Sebus,  Isser,  Harna,  &  Jafna.  There 
are  several  lakes  filled  in  the  rainy  pea- 
son,  dry  in  summer ;  the  chf.  of  these  are 
the  Zagries,  the  Shott,  the  Sebkha,  &  the 
Melgig.  The  climate  is  temperate  & 
healthy  on  the  N.  slopes  of  the  mountains, 
but  pestilential  in  the  marshy  plains.  The 
heat  is  often  excessive  under  the  influence 
of  the  sivioovi.  From  April  to  Oct.  the 
sky  is  ..serene;  the  winter  is  mild,  & 
marked  by  abundant  rains.  The  mean 
temp,  of  winter  is  from  54°  to  65°,  &  of 
summer  74°  to  104°  Fahr. ;  but  this  elev. 
temp,  is  moderated  by  constant  sea 
breezes.  The  mountains  contiiin  mines 
of  iron,  copper,  &  lead.  The  country 
is  divided  by  the  natives  into  the  Tel, 
or  country  of  grain  .crops,  in  the  N., 
&  the  date  country  in  the  S.  Vegetation 
is  developed  with  great  activity.  The 
level  part  of  the  Tel,  occupied  by  Arabs, 
is  very  fertile  in  cereals  ;  &  the  mntns. 
country,  occupied  by  the  Kabyles,  has 
extensive  forests,  &  rich  &  varied  vege- 
tation. The  Algerian  Sahara  is  not,  as 
was  long  supposed,  a  sterile  desert,  but 
a  vast  archipelago  of  oases,  each  of  which 
presents  an  animated  group  of  towns  & 
vills.,  surrounded  by  olives,  figs,  vines,  & 
palms.  Throughout  the  Tel,  wheat, 
barley,  &  legumes  are  cultivated,. &  in 
some  places  maize,  millet,  &  rice.  Cot- 
ton, indigo,  &  the  sugar-cane  also  succeed 
well.  The  natives  rear  cattle,  sheep,  & 
goats.  The  horses,  which  are  of  an  ex- 
cellent breed,  are  employed  only  for  the 
saddle ;  the  camel,  dromedary,  ass,  & 
mule  are  used  for  draught.  Among  wild 
animals  may  be  noticed,  the  lion,  pan- 
ther, jackal,  &  antelope.  The  harvests 
are  sometimes  ravaged  by  locusts.  Ex- 
cellent coral  &  sponge  are  fished  on  the 
coasts.  The  industry  of  the  natives  is, 
since  the  French  domination,  nearly  con- 
fined to  mining  ;  the  Jews  alone  engage 
in  the  manuf.  of  jewellery.  Public  in- 
struction is  making  rapid  progress  in  the 
state  ;  on  the  1st  Jan.  1845,  the  number 
of  pupils  in  the  government  schools  was 
3,327.  During  the  first-  9  months  of 
1846,  5,606  vessels  entered  the  different 
ports  of  Algeria  ;  the  total  imports  in 
1846  amount,  to  111,457,395 /r.,  &  the 
exports  to  9,043,066  Jf. ;  &  the  public 
revenue,which  in  1840  was  only  5,610,707 


fr.,  amounted  in  1846  to  24,773,625  fr. 
This  country,  originally  inhabited  by 
the  Moors  &  Numidians,  was  afterwards 
under  the  power  of  the  Romans  &  Van- 
dals. In  the  16th  cent,  it  was  invaded 
by  Spain,  but  Barbarossa  expelled  the 
Spanish,  &  founded,  under  the  sovereign- 
ty of  Turkey,  the  state  of  Algiers,  which 
became  redoubtable  to  Christians  on  ac- 
count of  its  corsairs,  &  compelled  many  of 
the  European  states  to  pay  tribute  for 
the  protection  of  their  merchant  vessels. 
Repeated  attempts  were  made  by  the 
different  European  powers  to  subdue  this 
nest  of  pirates,  without,  effect,  till  1816, 
when  the  city  of  Algiers  was  bombarded 
by  the  British  under  Lord  Exmouth, 
after  which  they  continued  comparatively 
quiet  until  1827,  when  the  French,  to  re- 
venge an  insult  to  their  consul,  resolved 
to  send  an  expedition  on  a  great  scale  to 
take  possession  of  the  country.  This  was 
accomplished  in  1830.  Algcrie  is  divided 
into  the  provs.  of  Algiers,  Constantine, 
&  Oran,  &  governed  by  a  governor-gene- 
ral, whose  authority  is  chiefly  military. 
Chf.  towns,  Algiers,  Constantine,  Phil- 
lippeville.  Bona,  Setif,  Blidah,  Oran  & 
Tlemsen. 

Algezares,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Murcia.  P.  2,117."  Exports  grain  & 
fruit  to  Gibraltar. 

Algezirah,  the  Arab  name  of  Meso- 
potamia. 

Alghero,  a  fortfd.  town  of  the  isl. 
Sardinia,  on'  W.  coast.  P.  8,000.  The 
port  for  large  vessels  is  at  Pto.  Corte,  9 
m.  N.W.  Alghero. 

Algiers,  cap.  of  the  French  terr.  of 
Algeria,  on  the  W.  side  of  a  bay  of  saine 
name,  in  the  Mediterr.  Lat.  of  light-ho. 
36°  47'  20"  N. ;  Ion.  3°  4'  32"  E.  P. 
(1847),includ.  suburbs  &  comm.,  97,389, 
of  whom  72,393  were  Europ.,  &  24,996 
natives.  The  city,  sit.  on  a  slope  facing 
the  sea,  &  crowned  by  a  citadel,  is  2  m. 
in  circ,  and  strongly  walled  ;  since  1830, 
the  French  have  been  actively  engaged 
in  extending  its  defences  &  improving  its 
port.  Its  streets  have  been  widened,  & 
it  in  part  resembles  a  European  town.  It 
is  a  bishop's  see,  &  the  seat  of  the  gover- 
nor-general of  Algeria  &  of  many  foreign 
consuls. 

Algoa  Bay,  an  extens.  bay  on  the 
S.B.  coast  of  Africa,  Cape  Colony,  betw. 
Capes  Recife  &  Padfcn,  425  m.  E.  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope.  It  is  open  to  S. 
winds,  but  has  good  anchorage.  The 
Sunday  &  Baasher  rivs.  flow  into  the 
bay,  &  at  the  mouth  of  the  latter  is  Fort 
Elizabeth.    Fort  Frederick  is  on  a  hill 


all] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


17 


adjacent.  Lat.  of  Croix  isl.  in  the  bay, 
33°  47'  6"  S. ;  Ion.  25°  46'  7"  W. 

Algodonales,  a  town  of  Spain.  P. 
3,338. 

Alhama,  the  name  of  several  towns 

of  Spain. 1,  prov.  Granada.  P.  6,284. 

It  has  celeb,  warm  baths. II.  prov. 

Murcia,  with  6,935  inhabitants. 

Alhandra,  a  town  of  Portugal,  on  the 

Tagus,  18  m.  N.E.  Lisbon.    P.  1,800. 

II.  a  town  of  Brazil. 

Alhaukin  de  la  Torre,  a  town  of 
Spain.     P.  2,717. 

Alhacrin  el  GrRANDE,  a  town  of 
Spain.     P.  5,514. 

Alhendin,  a  town  of  Spain.  P.  2,275. 

Alhucemas,  a  small  isl.  &  fortress 
belonging  to  Spain,  in  the  Mediterr.,  on 
the  coast  of  Morocco.  Lat.  35°  15'  N.  ; 
Ion.  4°  12'  E. 

Ali,  a  town  of  Sicily ;  with  sulphur 
baths.     P,  1,300. 

Ali-Abad,  a  town  of  Persia,  on  the 
Caspian  sea. Also  the  name  of  seve- 
ral other  vills.  in  Asia. 

Aliashka,  a  penins.  of  Rus.  America, 
in  the  Pacific,  betw.  lat.  50°  &  55°  N. ; 
Ion.  155°  W. ;  350  m.  in  length  N.  to  S. 
by  25  m.  in  average  breadth ;  having 
several  active  volcanoes. 

Alicante,  a  fortified  city  &  seaport 
of  Spain,  cap.  prov.  of  same  name,  on  a 
bay  in  the  Mediterr.  Lat.  38°  20'  N. ; 
Ion.  0°  27'  W.  P.  19,021 ;  having  an 
extensive  trade  in  wine,  fruits,  potash  & 
soap.  The  mole  has  a  fixed  light,  95  ft. 
■^  igh,  visible  for  15  m.  Consuls  of  most 
European  nations  reside  here.  The 
prov.  of  Alicante  is  fertile,  &  has  294,906 
inhab, 

Alicata,  a  seaport  of  Sicily.  P. 
13,465.  Exports,  corn,  macaroni,  fruit, 
sulphur,  soda  &  wines. 

Alicudi,  one  of  the  Lipari  islands. 

Alighur,  a  dist.  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal.  Area,  2,300  sq.  m. 
Alighur,  a  fort  50  m.  N.  Agra,  was  taken 
by  the  British,  4th  Sept.  1803. 

Alimena,  a  town  of  Sicily.     P.  3,400. 

Aliwal,  a  vill.  of  N.W.  India,  on  the 
Sutlej,  near  which  the  Sikhs  were  de- 
feated, 28th  Jan.  1846,  by  a  British  force 
under  Sir  H.  Smith. 

Alkmaar,  a  fortfd.  town  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, 19  m.  N.W.  Amsterdam.  P. 
9,835. 

Allahabad,  one  of  the  old  Moham- 
medan provs.of  Hindostan,  betw.  lat.  24° 
&  26°  N.,  &  Ion.  79°  &  83°  E.,  bounded 
on  N.  by  Oude  &  Agra,  S.  by  Gundwana, 
E.  by  Bahar,  W.  by  Malwah.  It  is  about 
270  m.  in  length,  by  120  in  breadth,  and 

2 


is  divided  into  8  zillahs  or  dists.,  1  Alla- 
habad, 2  Benares,,  3  Mirzapoor,  4  Juan- 
poor,  5  Rewah  terr.,  6  Bundelcund,  7 
Cawnpoor,  8  Manikpoor.  It  is  watered 
by  the  Ganges,  Jumna,  &  other  rivs. 
The  flat  country  is  very  fertile.  The 
elevated  table-land  of  Bundelcund  con- 
tains the  diamond  mines  of  Poonah. 
Principal  articles  of  export,  sugar,  cot- 
ton, indigo,  opium,  saltpetre,  cotton 
cloths,  diamonds.  It  also  produces  all 
kinds  of  grain,  &  great  variety  of  fruits. 
The  whole  prov.  is  under  British  govt. 
P.  775,000.  Seven  eighths  are  supposed 
to  be  Hindoos,  the  rest  Mohamjmedans. 
— Allahabad,  cap.  of  prov.,  at  the  union 
of  the  Ganges  &  Jumna,  77  m.  W.  Bena- 
res. Lat.  25°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  50'  E. 
P.  45,000,  excl.  of  troops.  Allahabad  is 
held  so  sacred  by  the  Hindoos,  that  at 
some  periods  200,000  pilgrims  have  met 

there  from  all  parts  of  India. II.  a 

town  of  Bhawlpoor,  'N.W.  Hindostan. 

Allaire,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Mor- 
bihan.     P.  2,018. 

Allamakee,  a  co.  of  Iowa.     P.  777. 

Allan,  a  riv.  of  Scotland,  co.  Perth. 

II.   another  small  Scotch  riv.,  co. 

Roxburgh. 

Allariz,  a  walled  town  of  Spain. 
P.  1,752. 

Allauch,  a  town  of  France,  6  m.  N.E. 
Marseilles.     P.  1,666. 

Alla-yar-ka-tanda,  a  town  of  Sinde. 
P.  5,000.  It  has  cotton  manufs.  &  dye- 
works. 

Allegan,  a  co.  of  Michigan,  on  lake 
Michigan.  Area,  840  sq.  m.,  watered  by 
the  Kalamazoo,  Black,  &  Rabbit  rivs. 
Great  quantities  of  lumber  &  maple 
sugar  are  produced.  P.  5,125.  The  chf. 
town,  of  same  name,  on  the  Kalamazoo, 
has  a  p.  of  634. 

Allegany,  one  of  the  S.  cos.  of  New 
York,  bordering  on  Pennsylvania.  P. 
37,808.  Area,  1,185  sq.  m.,  watered  by 
the  Genesee  riv.  &  smaller  streams.  Soil 
fertile,  but  better  for  grazing  than  agri- 
culture. Minerals,  limestone  &  iron. 
The  Erie  railroad  passes  through  this  co. 
Cap.  Angelica. 

Alleghany,  or  Appallachian  Moun- 
tains, a  range  from  50  to  200  m.  in 
breadth,  extending  from  '  Georgia  to 
Maine,  through  11  degs.  of  lat.,  nearly 
parallel  to  &  from  50  to  130  m.  W.  of  the 
Atlantic  (bearing  the  former  of  the  above 
names  N.,  &  the  latter  S.  of  the  Potomac 
riv.)  The  chain  consists  of  several  ranges 
called  the  Blue  ridge,  North,  Jackson's, 
Laurel,  Cumberland,  &c.  The  height  of 
these  mountains  does  not  generally  ex- 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[all 


ceed  2,500  ft.  They  divide  the  waters 
which  flow  into  the  Mississippi^  &  the 
lakes,  from  those  which  flow  into  the 
Atlantic.  Betw.  the  ridges  are  some  fer- 
tile valleys,  but  the  land  among  them  is 
mostly  rocky  &  sterile.  These  mntns. 
consist  of  granite,  gneiss,  &  clay  slate, 
primitive  limestone,  &o.,  &  are  generally 
wooded  to  the  summit. 

Alleghany,  a  co.  of  Maryland,  in  the 
extreme  W.  part  of  the  state.  Being 
traversed  by  the  main  branch  of  the 
Alleghany  mntns.,  its  surface  is  very 
rough  &  broken,  but  much  of  the  soil  is 
fertile.  'The  line  of  the  Chesapeake  & 
Ohio  canal,  &  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  rail- 
road, run  through  this  co.,  &  at  Cumber- 
land (its  cap.)  commences  the  National 
road.  P.  22,769,  many  of  whom  are  en- 
gaged in  extensive  coal  mines. II.  a 

central  co.  of  Virginia,  intersected  by  the 
Alleghany  mntns.,  &  drained  by  the  head 
waters  of  the  James  riv.     Area,  521  sq. 

m.     P.  3,515.     Cap.  Covington. III. 

a  town  of  Armstrong  co.   Pennsylvania. 

P.  1,839. IV.  a  town  of  Venango  co. 

Pennsylvania.    P.  805. V.  a  town  of 

Huntingdon  co.  Pennsylvania.  P.  2,225. 

VI.  a  tovrn  of  Somerset  co.  Pa. 

VII.  a  town  of  Potter  co.  Pa.  P.  633. 

VIII.   a  town  of  Westmoreland  co. 

Pa.    P.  2,641. IX.  a  town  of  Cambria 

CO.   Pa.     P.  1,217. 

ALI.EGHANY  CiTY,  IS  situatcd  in  Alle- 
ghany CO.  Pennsylvania,  on  the  Alleghany 
river,  opp.  Pittsburg,  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected by  a  bridge.  It  has  considerable 
trade  in  lumber,  and  large  iron  works, 
tanneries,  cotton  factories,  &c.  P.  21,262. 
The  Western  Penitentiary  of  Pa.  and  the 
AVestern  Theological  Seminary  of  the 
Presbyterian  denomination  are  located 
here. 

Alleghany  River,  rises  in  Potter  co. 
Pa.,  flows  circuitously  as  far  N.  as  Clean, 
N.  Y.,  returns  to  Pa.  &  joining  the  Mon- 
ongahela  at  Pittsburgh  forms  the  Ohio. 
Length,  375  m.  Nav.  only  for  rafts  & 
small  boats. 

Allegranza,  the  most  N.  of  the  Ca- 
nary isls.,  10  m.  N.  Lanzerote. 

Allegre,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Haute 
Loire.     P.  2,133. 

Allen  (Bog  of),  in  Ireld.,  is  a  collec- 
tive term  applied  to  the  bogs  E.  of  the 
Shannon,  in  King's  county  and  Kildare, 
comprising  in  all  about  233,500  Engl.  ac. 
It  consists  of  a  series  of  contiguous  mo- 
rasses, about  250  ft.  above  the  sea,  and 
separated  by  ridges  of  dry  ground. 

Allen  (Lough),  a  lake  of  Ireld.  co. 
Leitrim,  7  m.  in  length  N.  to  S.,  by  1  to  3 


m.  in  breadth,  144  ft.  above  the  sea.  It 
is  the  source  of  the  Shannon. 

Allen,  a  co.  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky. 

P.  8,742.     Cap.  Scottsville. II.  a  co. 

in  the  N.E.  part  of  Indiana.  Area,  650 
sq.  m.  intersected  by  the  Wabash  and  Erie 
canal,  and  watered  by  the  St.  Mary's,  St. 
Joseph's  &  Maumee  rivers.     Soil  fertile.  > 

P.  16,919.     Cap.  Fort  Wayne. III.  a 

CO.  of  N.W.-  Ohio.  Area,  554  sq.  m.  wa- 
tered by  the  Auglaize  river.  P.  12,109. 
Cap.  Lima. 

Allen  Centre,  a  town  of  Allegany  co. 
New  York.     P.  867. 

Allendorf,  two  tovras  of  W.  Germany. 

1.  H.  Cassel.      P.  3,935. II.  H. 

Darmstadt.  P.  1,100.  Several  vills.  of 
Ilessen  have  this  name. 

Allenstein,  a  town  of  Prussia.  P. 
3,360. 

Allenstown,  a  vill.  of  Merrimac  co. 
New  Hampshire,  on  the  Suncook  riv. 

Allentown,  cap.  of  Lehigh  co.  Penn- 
sylvania, 87m.  N.E.  Harrisburg.  P.  2,493. 
It  is  sometimes  called  Northampton. 

Aller,  a  riv.  of  Germany,  rises  near 
Magdeburg,  flows  N.W.  into  the  Weser ; 
length,  100  m. 

Allevard,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Isere.  P.  1,666.  Celeb,  for  its  iron 
mines. 

Allextar,  a  town  in  the  peninsula  of 
Malacca. 

Allier,  a  riv.  of  France,  traversmg  it=l 
centre,  partly  navigable.  It  rises  in  Lo- 
zere,  flows  N.  and  after  a  course  of  200  m. 

joins  the  Loire,  below  Nevers. II.  a 

dep.  in  the  centre  of  France,  enclosed  by 
the  deps.  Nievre,  Cher,  Indre,  Creuse, 
Puy-de-Dume,  Loire  and  Saone-et-Loire. 
Chf.  town  Moulins.  Area,  723,981  hect. 
P.  336,758.  -  Surface  undulating,  with 
many  marshes  which  cause  epidemics. 
Chf.  rivs.  Loire,  Allier,  <&  Cher ;  climate 
temperate.  Soil  generally  fertile,  yield- 
ing timber,  and  a  surplus  of  corn  &  wine 
over  consumption.  Many  sheep  &  cattle 
are  reared.  There  are  mines  of  coal,  iron, 
sulphur,  and  antimony,  and  quarries  of 
marble  and  granite.  Manufs.  of  cutlery, 
earthenw.,  cloth,  yarn,  and  paper.  Prin- 
cip.  towns  of  its  4  arronds.,  Moulins,  Gan- 
nat,  La  Palisse,  and  Montlufon. 

Alligator  Swamp,  an  extensive 
marshy  tract,  N.  Carolina,  between  Pam- 
lico and  Albemarle  sounds. 

Alloa,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  on 
the    Forth,    25  m.  N.W.  Edinburgh.     P. 
6,417.     In  the  harbor  there  is  24  ft.  water 
at  spring  tide.    Here  are  shipyards,  brew-  - 
eries,  collieries,  glassworks,  &c. 

Allonby,  a  vill.  of  England,  co.  Cum- 


ALo] 


UNIVERSAL  GAZETTEER. 


19 


berland,  on  a  bay  of  Solway  firth,  resorted 
to  for  sea-bathing.     P.  811. 

Allos,  a  town  of  France,  dcp.  Basses- 
Alpes.     P.  1,513. 

Alloway,   a  vill.  of  Wayne  co.   New 

York.     P.   300. II.    Kirk,  a    ruined 

church,  in  Scotl.  near  the  Doon,  celeb,  by 
"^Burns's  Tarn  O'Shanter. 

Allowaystown,  a  vill.  of  Salem  co. 
New  Jersey,  on  Alloway  creek,  a  stream 
20  m.  in  length  &  navigable  for  wood 
boats  12  m.  from  its  mouth  in  the  Dela- 
ware river. 

Allstadt,  a  town  of  Saxe-Weimar.  P. 
2,476. 

Allum  Bay,  a  harbor  of  the  Isle  of 
Wight.  Lat.  of  Needles  light-house,  50° 
39'  54"  N. ;  Ion.  1°  33'  55"  W. 

Almada,  a  town  of  Portugal,  on  the 
Tagus,  op.  Lisbon.  P.  4,000.  Near  it  is 
the  gold  mine  of  Adissa. 

Almaden,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  Sier- 
ra Morena.  P.  8,645.  It  has  a  school 
of  mines,  estab.  1835,  &  a  hospital  for 
the  cure  of  those  employed  in  the  works. 
The  quicksilver  mines  of  Almaden  are 
considered  the  most  productive,  the  most 
curious,   &    the    most    ancient     in    the 

world. II.  New  Almaden,   the  name 

of  rich  quicksilver  mines  in  California,  14 
m.  from  San  Jose.  They  were  opened  in 
1845. 

Almagell  (Pass  of),  Switzer.,Valais, 
11,663  ft.  in  elev.,  being  the  highest  pass 
in  Europe.  It  is  seldom  practicable  on 
account  of  the  depth  of  snow. 

Almagro,  a  town  of  Spain.  P.  12,605. 
It  has  celeb,  manuf.  of  lace. 

Almaguer,  a  town  of  New  Granada, 
on  a  table-land  7,440  ft.  in  elevation. 

Almali,  a  town  of  Asiat.  Turkey.  P. 
8,000. 

Almansa,  a  town  of  Spain.  P.  8,731. 
Near  this  is  a  monument  on  the  spot 
where  the  French,  under  the  Duke  de 
Berwick,  gained  a  victory  over  the  Arch- 
duke Charles,  25th  April,  1707. 

Almaraz,  a  town  of  Spain.  P.  493. 
The  Tagus  passes  2  m.  S.  of  the  town,  &-is 
crossed  by  the  celeb,  bridge  of  Almaraz, 
built  1552.  On  18th  May,  1812,  Lord  Hill 
gained  a  victory  over  the  French,  from 
which  he  took  the  title  of  Almaraz. 

Almazan,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the 
Douro.     P.  2,400. 

Almazora,  a  town  of  Spain.  P.  3,636. 
Almeida,  a  fortified  town  of  Portugal, 
prov.  Beira,  on  the  Coa,  95  m.  N.E.  Coim- 
bra.  P.  6,200.  Almeida  is  one  of  the 
most  important  strongholds  in  the  kgdm. 
It  was  taken  by  the  Spaniards  1762,  again 
by  the  French  1810.    On  5th  Aug.  1811, 


the  allies  under  Wellington  here  defeated 
the  French  under  Massena. — This  is  the 
name  of  several  small  towns  in  Brazil. 

Almelo,  a  town  of  the  Netherl.  P. 
3,238. 

Almeria,  a  seaport  of  Spain,  cap. 
prov.  of  same  name,  on  a  bay  of  the 
Mediterr.  Lat.  36°  52'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  2° 
39'  51"  W.  P.  17,800.  Chief  trade  ui 
wine,  soda,  nitre,  pitch,  &  lead,  &  a  con- 
traband traffic  with  Gibraltar.  Near  it 
are  the  baths  of  Alhamilla. 

Almeyda  Bay,  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Africa,  Mozambique,  is  in  lat.  about  13° 
30'  S. ;  Ion.  40°  30'  E.  It  has  a  safe  & 
sheltered  anchorage. 

Almissa,  a  town  of  Dalmatia,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Cettina  sea.  It  was  for- 
merly a  nest  of  pirates. 

Almodovar,  a  town  of  Portugal.    P. 

2,600. II.  {A  del  Campo),  a  town  of 

Spain.     P.  5,620. 

Almogia,  a  town  of  Spain.     P.  4,068. 

Almonacid  de  Zorita,  a  town  of 
Spain.  P.  1,265.  Near  this  the  French 
gained  a  victory  over  the  Spaniards,  Uth 
Aug.  1809. 

Almonaster  la  Eeal,  a  town  of 
Spain.     P.  2,007. 

Almond,  the  name  of  two  small  rivs. 

in  Scotl. II.  a  town  of  Allegany  co. 

New  York.     P.  1,434. 

Almondbuhg,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
York.     P.  8,828. 

Almonte,  a  town  of  Spain.     P.  3,779. 

Almunecar,  a  seaport  of  Spain  on  the 
Mediterr.  P.  5,000.  Chief  trade  in  cot- 
ton, sugar,  &  espt.  fruit. 

Almunia  de  Dona  Godina,  a  town 
of  Spam,  25  m.  S.W.  Zaragoza.  P.  3,563. 
It  is  built  in  the  form  of  a  circle,  &  di- 
vided in  two  parts  by  a  regular  wall. 

Alna,  a  town  of  Lincoln  co.  Maine. 
P.  990. 

Alne,  the  name  of  3  small  rivers  in 
England,  in  cos.  Cumberland,  Northumb. 
&  Warwick. 

Alnwick,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Northumberland,  on  the  Alne,  34  m.  N. 
Newcastle.  P.  ,6,626.  Alnwick  Castle, 
the  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Northumberland, 
adjoining  the  above  town,  is  supposed  to 
have  been  founded  by  the  Romans.  It 
covers  five  acres,  is  one  of  the  noblest 
mansions  in  England,  &  has  belonged 
to  the  Percy  family  since  the  reign  of 
Edward  II.  Fitze  Greene  Halleck's  fine 
poem  has  made  this  castle  familiar  to 
American  readers. 

Alora,  a  town  of  Spain.    P.  6,794. 

Alosno,  a  town  of  Spain.     P.  2,884. 

Alo§t,  a  walled  town  of  Belgium.     P. 


20 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[aL8 


14,850.  It  was  the  cap.  of  imperial 
Flanders. 

Alouchta,  a  town  of  Eussia,  on  the 
Black  Sea. 

Alozayna,  a  town  of  Spain.    P.  2,432. 

Alpera,  a  town  of  Spain.     P.  2,432. 

Alpes  (Basses  or  Lower),  a  frontier, 
dep.  of  the  S.E.  of  France,  having  E.  the 
Sardinian  states.  Area,  682,643  hect. 
P.  152,070.  Cap.  Digne.  It  is  chiefly 
mountainous,  so  that  only  one  fourth  of 

the  land  is  cultivated. II.  {Hautes,  or 

Upper),  a  dep.  of  France,  adjoining  the 
foregoing.  Area,  553,264  hect.  P.  132,- 
038.  Cap.  Gap.  The  mntns.  render  culti- 
vation impossible  on  4-5ths  of  the  soil, 
the  rest  is  fertile.  Many  of  the  inhabs. 
emigrate  as  pedlars,  &c. 

Alphen,  a  town  of  Holland,  on  the  old 

Rhine,  7  m.  E.  Leyden.     P.  2,794. II. 

Alphen- en- Riel,  a  vill.  of  N.  Brabant. 
P.  L725. 

Alphonse  Islands,  two  small  isls. 
surrounded  by  reefs,  in  the  Indn.  ocean, 
N.  point  in  lat.  6°  59'  30"  S. ;  Ion.  52° 
41'  E. 

Alpignano,  a  town  of  Piedmont.  P. 
1,600. 

Alpirsbach,  a  town  of  ^urtemberg. 
P    1,600. 

Alpnach,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
TInterwalden.    P.  1,300. 

Alps.  The  Alps  are  the  most  remark- 
able mountains  in  Europe.  They  form  a 
crescent-shaped  chain,  extending  frota 
the  Mediterranean,  betw.  the  gulf  of 
Lion  &  Genoa  on  the  W.,  to  the  plains  of 
Hungary  on  the  E.,  a  distance  of  about 
600  m.  Mont  Blanc,  which  attains  an 
elevation  of  15,810  ft.  is  the  culminating 
point  of  the  Alps  &  of  all  Europe  ;  the 
other  princip.  summits  are  Mt.  Rosa,  15,- 
208  ft.,  Finsteraarhorn,  in  the  Bernese 
Alps,  14,106  ft.,  Mt.  Viso,  12,585  ft.,  the 
Ortler  Spitz  in  the  Rhetian  Alps,  12,852. 
ft.,  the  Gross  Glockner  in  the  Noric  Alps, 
13,100  ft.,  the  Terglou  in  the  Carnic 
Alps,  9,380  ft.,  &  the  JEiscnhut  in  the 
Sty  rian  Alps.  The  most  frequented  passes 
are  the  Col  de  Tende  in  the  Maritime 
Alps,  5.890  ft. ;  the  pass  of  Mt.  Genevre 
in  the  Cottian  Alps,  6,560  ft.  ;  that  of 
Mt.  Cenis,  6,775  ft. ;  the  pass  of  the  great 
St.  Bernard,  8,150  ft.,  &  the  Simplon, 
6,592  ft.,  both  in  the  Pennine  Alps ;  the 
pass  of  Mt.  St.  Gothard,  in  the  Lepontine 
Alps,  6,976  ft.,  the  Spliigen,  6,939  ft.,  in 
the  Ehetian Alps,  the  Loiblberg  in  the  Car- 
nic Alps,  &  the  Semmering  ia  the  Noric 
Alps  ;  the  Stelvio,  in  the  emp.  of  Austria, 
9,100  ft.,  is  the  highest  carriage  pass  in 
the  Alps,  &  that  of  St.  Gothard  is  the 


only  one  which  is  carried  over  the  crest 
of  the  mntns.,  the  others  generally  cross 
by  the  beds  of  torrents.  The  higher  Alps 
are  covered  with  perpetual  snow,  &  pre- 
sent in  their  magnificent  glaciers,  the 
innumerable  cascades  which  are  precipi- 
tated from  th«ir  summits,  &  the  forests 
&  meadows  which  cover  their  flanks,  the 
most  imposing  &  picturesque  scenery  in 
Europe.  It  is  calculated  that  in  the 
range  of  the  Alps  there  are  fields  of  ice 
covering  an  area  of  1,500  sq.  m.,  of  100 
ft.  in  thickness ;  the  glaciers  which  de- 
pend from  these  move  more  or  less  rapid- 
ly according  to  the  mildness  or  severity 
of  the  season  ;  their  mean  rate  of  motion, 
is  from  12  to  25  ft.  in  a  year,  the  greatest 
velocity,  as  in  rivs.,  being  at  the  centre. 
The  largest  rivs.  of  Europe,  includ.  the 
Danube,  Rhine,  Rhone,  Inn,  Drave, 
Save,  &  Po,  rise  in  the  Alps,  or  their 
subordinate  ranges.  The  central  &  higher 
ridges  of  the  Alps  consist  of  granite, 
gneiss,  &  oth^r  prim,  rocks,  flanked  by 
a  wide  extent  of  limestone,  sandstone,  & 
slate.  The  higher  summits  ascend  con- 
siderably above  the  lower  level  of  per- 
petual snow  (which  in  this  lat.  averages 
8,900  ft.  above  the  sea)  :  the  glaciers  de- 
scend as  low  as  3,400  ft.  above  the  sea. 
Wheat  is  raised  at  an  elevation  of  3,600 
ft. ;  oats  at  4,900  ft. ;  barley  at  5,100  ft. ; 
the  oak  is  found  to  the  height  of  4,500  ft. ; 
pines  &  larches  as  high  as  6,500  ft. 
above  the  sea ;  &  the  Alpine  rose  reaches 
the  limit  of  perpetual  snow.  Mineral 
products  are  chiefly  iron,  copper,  &  lead ; 
but  quicksilver,  rock-salt,  &  some  gold 
&  silver,  are  met  with.  In  the  French 
Alps,  near  Grenoble,  small  veins  con- 
taining native  gold  have  been  worked  ; 
after  being  neglected  for  half  a  century, 

the  works  were  resumed  in  1837. II. 

a  vill.  of  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y. 

Alpuente,  a  town  of  Spain.   P.  2,356.. 

Alpujarras,  a  mntnous.  region  of 
Spain, Granada,  extending  from  the  Medi- 
terranean to  the  Sierra  Nevada,  divided 
in  1834  betwn.  the  provinces  of  Granada 
&  Almeira. 

Alresford  (New),  a  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Hants.     P.  1,578. 

Alsace,  one  of  the  old  German  provs., 
having  E.  the  Rhine,  &  W.  the  Vosges 
mtns.  It  was  ceded  to  France  in  1648, 
&  now  forms  the  deps.  Haut  &  Bas 
Rhine. II.  a  town  of  Berks  co.  Penn- 
sylvania.    P.  2,498. 

Alsdorf,  a  vill.  of  Prussia.     P.  1,095. 

Alsen,  an  isl.  of  the  duchy  Schleswig, 
in  the  Baltic,  separated  from  the  main- 
land by  a  narrow  channel.    Area,  130  sq 


alt] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


21 


m.  P.  22,500.  Exports  fruit.  Chf.  towns, 
Nordborg  &  Sonderborg. 

Alsfeld,  a  town  of  Hessen  Darmstadt. 
P.  3,700. 

Alsh  (Loch),  an  inlet  on  the  W.  coast 
of  Seotl. 

Alsleben,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Saxony. 
P.  1,945. — —II.  AUdorf- Alsleben,  an  adj. 
vill.     P.  1,434. 

Alstahoug,  a  vill  of  Norway,  the  most 
N.  bishopric  in  Europe,  on  the  S.  sjiore 
of  the  isl.  Alsten.     Lat.  64°  55'  N. 

Alster,  a  riv.  of  Denmark,  Holstein, 
rises  about  20  m.  N.  Hamburg,  through 
which  it  passes  (forming  the  basin  of 
Binnen  Alster)  to  the  Elbe. 

Alta  Geacia,  towns  of — I.  New  Gra- 
nada, on  the  Orinoco,  40  m.  S.  Bogota. — 
II.  Venezuela.,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mara- 

eaybo  strait III.  also  a  town,  repub. 

of  Cordova,  La  Plata,  prov.  25  m.  S.W. 
Cordova.    P.  4,000. 

Altai,  an  extensive  tantn.  system  of 
Upper  Asia,  stretching  from  the  80th  deg. 
of  E.  Ion.  to  the  shores  of  the  sea  of  Okr 
hotsk,  &  forming  the  entire  line  of  sepa- 
ration betvT.  the  emps.  of  Russia  &  China. 
Length  from  E.  to  W.,  including  the 
Aldan  range,  nearly  5,000  m.  This 
chain,  however,  has  various  names  in  its 
diiferent  sec.tions,  &  the  term  Altai  is 
usually  confined  to  the  W.  portion  of 
the  system,  betw.  the  rivs.  Irtish  and 
Selenga,  or  from  Ion.  83°  to  107°  E. 
The  mean  elev.  may  be  from  3,000  to 
5,000  ft.,  but  Mt.  Bialukha,  near  the 
head  of  Obe,  is  estim.  at  10,300  ft.  The 
summits  are  not  peaked,  but  are  nearly 
level  plains  of  considerable  extent,  inter- 
spersed with  isolated  masses  of  granite. 
The  points  above  the  line  of  perpetual 
snow  are  all  betw.  lats.  49°  30'  &  50°. 
There  are  many  large  lakes  on  the  ter- 
races and  valleys,  &  the  Irtish,  Obi,  Yeni- 
sei, &  Selenga  rivs.  all  rise  within  its 
limits.  The  princip.  roads  over  the  Altai 
are — 1.  That  from  Irkutsk  by  Lake  Bai- 
kal to  Kiakhta,  which  is  the  chief  route 
for  the  trade  betw.  Russia  &  China. — 2. 
From  TJdinsk,  on  the  Selenga,  to  the 
mining  distr.  of  Nertchinsk,  on  the  Shilka, 
a  tribut.  of  the  Amoor.  The  mntns.  in 
the  western  range  consist  chiefly  of  gran- 
ite &  prim,  rocks,  with  newer  formations 
of  porphyry  intruded.  Mines  of  gold, 
silver,  &  lead  have  been  extensively 
worked  by  the  Russians.  Many  parts 
indicate  volcanic  agency,  &  are  rich  in 
cornelian,  onyx,  topax,  amethyst  &  other 
gems.  Some  of  the  valleys  are  fit  for 
agricultnre,  but  the  region  is  chiefly  suit- 
able only  for  pasturage.      The  ancient 


inhabitants,  named  -Tshudes,  are  extinct^ 
&  the  present  population  is  nomadic. 

Altamura,  a  town  of  Naples,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Apennines.  P.  16,000.  It 
has  a  fine  cathedral,  a  hospital,  &  a  uni- 
versity. 

Altavilla,  two  towns  of  Naples. — I. 
prov.  princip.  Ultra.  P.  2,600. — II.  prov. 
princip.  Citra.     P.  2,400. 

Altdorf,  a  town  of  Baden.  P.  1,400." 
It  has  a  botanic  garden. 

AxTEA,  a  seaport  of  Spain,  in  a  bay 
of  same  name,  on  the  Mediterranean. 
P.  5,502. 

Altena,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Westphalia. 
P.  4,100.    Manufs.  of  iron  &  steel. 

Altenau,  a  mining  town  of  Hanover, 
in  the  Harz  mountains.     P.  1,620. 

Altenberg,  a  town  of  Saxony,  20  m. 
S.  Dresden.  P.  2,036,  employed  in  tin 
mines,  &  in  manufs.  of  lace. 

Altenbhuch.  a  town  of  Hanover,  4  m. 
S.E.  Cuxhaven.'  P.  2,500.  It  has  a  tol- 
erable harbor. 

AltenburGj  cap.  duchy  of  Saxe- Alten- 
burg,   24  m.  S.  Leipzig,  on   the   railw. 

from  Berlin  to  Bavaria.    P.  14,080. 

II.  AUenburg  or  Magyar  Ovar,  a  town 
of  Hungary.  P.  3,500.  Some  small  towns 
in  Austria,  Bavaria,  Baden,  Switzer- 
land, &  Transylvania,  have  the  same 
name. 

Altengaard,  a  seaport  of  Norway, 
cap.  prov.  Finmark.  Lat.  69°  55'  N. ; 
Ion.  23°  6'  20"  E.,  near  the  N.  limit  c. 
the  cultivation  of  barley. 

Altbnsteig,  a  town  of  Wurtemberg. 
P.  2,000. 

Alter-do-cham,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on 
the  Tapajoz,  at  its  junction  with  the  Ama- 
zon.— Alter-do-chao,  a  town  of  Portugal. 

Ai.T-GRADisKA,  a  fortrcss  of  Austria, 
Slavonia,  on  the  Save,  opp.  Berbir,  or 
Turkish  Gradiska.     P.  2,300. 

Althaldensleben,  a  town  of  Pruss. 
Saxony,  near  Magdeburg.     P.  1,740. 

Altkirch,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Ilaut  Rhin,  on  the  111.    P.  3,316. 

Altmuhl,  a  riv.  of  Bavaria,  rises  7  m. 
N.E.  Rothenburg,  &  joins  the  Danube  at 
Keilheim.  The  project  of  Charlemagne 
to  join  the  Altmiihl  with  the  Regnitz,  <fc 
so  unite  the  Rhine  with  the  Danube,  has 
been  recently  executed  by  the  Bavarian 
government ;  &  the  Ludwigs  canal,  or 
canal  of  the  Maine  &  Danube,  betw.  Bam- 
berg on  the  Regnitz,  &  Dietfurt  on  the 
Altmuhl,  thus  connects  the  Black  sea  with 
the  German  ocean.  The  iron  boat  Amster- 
dam, en  Weenen  performed  the  first  voy- 
age direct  from  Amsterdam  to  Vienna  in 
Aug.  1846. 


22 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GBOGRAPHT. 


[ama 


Alt-oetting,  a  town  of  Bavaria.  P. 
1,500. 

Alt-ofen,  a^town  of  Hungary,  on  the 
Danube,  adjoining  Buda.     P.  11,730. 

Alton,  a  city  of  Madison  co.  Illinois, 
on  the  Mississippi,  2  m.  above  the  mouth 
of  the  Missouri,  &  18  m.  below  that  of 
the  Illinois.  It  has  an  excellent  "steam- 
boat landing,  &  bituminous  coal  exists 
in  abundance  in  the  vicinity.  It  is  one 
of  the  most  flourishing  places  in  the  state. 
P.  3,885.  A  railroad  is  being  constructed 
hence   to  Springfield,   a  distance  of   65 

m. II.   a  vill.  of    "VVayne   co.  N.  Y. 

III.    a   town   of  Belknap    co.   New 

Hampshire.     P.  2,000. IV.  a  town  of 

Engl.,  CO.  Hants.  P.  3,139.  Also  seve- 
ral pas.  in  Engl,  of  this  name. 

Altona,  a  town  of  Denmark,  duchy 
Holstein,  on  the  Elbe,  adjoining  Ham- 
burg on  the  W.,  at  the  head  of  the  railw. 
from  Altona  to  Kiel.  Lat.  (of  observatory) 
53°  32'  45"  N. ;  Ion.  9°  56'  40"  E.  P. 
32,200.  It  is  well  built  &  has  a  celeb, 
royal  observatory,  &  a  free  port,  with 
manufs.  of  cotton,  woollen,  silk,  oil,~&  soap, 
sugar-houses,  breweries,  distilleries,  & 
docks  for  ship-building.  It  is  the  most 
important  commercial  city  of  Denmark, 
next  to  Copenhagen. 

Altorf,  a  town  of  Switzer.,  cap.  cant. 
Uri.  near  the  lake  of  Luzern.  P.  1,650. 
It  has  a  tower  said  to  mark  the  place 
where  Tell  shot  the  apple  off  his  son's 
head.  Burglen,  the  reputed  birth-place 
of  Tell,  is  a  vill.  in  the  immediate  vicin- 
ity.— Vills.  of  Bavaria  &  Wiirtemberg. 

Altorff,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Meur- 
the.     P.  1,168. 

Altrincham,  a  mrkt.  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Chester,  8  m.  S.W.  Manchester. 

Altsohl,  a  town  of  Hungary.  P. 
2,000. 

Alstadt,  atown  of  Bohemia.  P.  1,100. 
II.  a  town  of  Saxony.     P.  1,000. 

Altstatten,  a  town  of  Switzerl.,  cant. 
St.  Gall.     P.  1,800. 

Alvar,  a  large  town  of  Hindostan,  cap. 
the  Maeherry. 

Alvarad.o,  a  town  &  river  Mexic.  con- 
fed.,  dep.  Vera  Cruz,  the  town  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico, 
40  m.  S.E.  Vera  Cruz.  P.  1,600.  Its 
harbor  is '  inaccessible  to  large  vessels. 
The  river  has  a  tortuous  course  from  the 
centre  of  state  Oaxaca,  &  before  entering 

the  sea,  expands  into   a  lake. II.   a 

small  river  of  same  name,  m  Centr. 
America,  falls  into  the  gulf  of  Nicoya 
(Pacific) . 

Alverca,  two  towns  of  Portugal. 

I.  prov.  Estremad.,  on  the  Tagus,  16  m. 


N.E.  Lisbon.      P.   3,000. II.  prov. 

Beira. 

ALVERiNGHAM,  a  viU.  of  Belgium.  P. 
2,750. 

Alvignano,  a  town  of  Naples.  P. 
2,000. 

Alvincz,  a  town  of  Transylvania.  P. 
3,300,  mostly  Magyars  &  Bulgarians. 

Alvito,  a  town  of  Naples.     P.  3,200. 

Alzano-Maggiore,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy. 
P.  2,100. 

Alzey,  a  walled  town  of  Hesaen  Darm- 
stadt.    P.  4,583. 

Alzonne,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Aude. 
P.  1,600. 

Amactjra,  a  riv.  of  S.  America,  falling 
into  the  great  S.  mouth  of  the  Orinoco,  in 
lat.  8°  34'  N.,  &  Ion.  60°  7'  W.,  &  in  the 
lower  part  of  its  course,  forming  the  l)oun- 
dary  between  British  &  Colombian  Guiana. 
It  is  seldom  more  than  500  yards  broad, 
"but  is  navig.  for  small  vessels  to  the  influx 
of  the  Yarakita,  lat.  8°  N. 

Amagansett,  a  vUl.  of  Suffolk  co.  New 
York,  near  the  E.  end  of  Long  Island. 

Amak  or  Amager,  an  isl.  of  Denmark, 
immed.  S.  Copenhagen,  &  on  which  its 
suburb  Christianshavn  is  built.  P.  6,500 
(excl.  of  Christianshavn). 

Amakutan,  an  isl.  of  the  Pacific 
[KuRiLE  isls]. 

Amal,  a  town  of  Sweden,  with  1,457 
inhabs.,  a  harbor  on  L.  Wener,  &  trade  in 
iron,  steel,  and  deals. 

Amalfi,  a  seaport  of  Naples,  on  the  N. 
shore  of  the  G.  of  Salerno.  P.  3,439  (in 
the  12th  cent,  it  was  upwards  of  50,000). 
It  is  an  archbp's.  see.  Amalfi  was  at  one 
period  an  independent  &  prosperous  com- 
mercial republic ;  in  1020  its  inhabs.  took 
an  active  part  in  the  crusades. 

Amand  (St.),  a  town  of  France,  4ep. 
Cher.  P.  6,943. — There  are  a  number  of 
small  towns  of  the  same  name  in  different 
deps.  of  France. 

Amanda,  the  name  of  3  towns  in  Ohio. 

1,  in  Hancock  co.     P.  490. II.  in 

Fairfield  co.     P.  1,987. III.  in  Allen 

CO.     P.  280. 

Amand-les-Eaux  (St.),  a  town  of 
France,  dep.  Nord,  much  frequented  for 
its  thermal  baths.     P.  6,312. 

Amanhs,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Ille- 
et-Villaine.     P.  2,801. 

Amans  (St.),  sev.  comms.  &  vills.  of 
France. 

Amantea,  a  seaport  of  Naples.  P. 
3,000. 

Amarante,  a  town  of  Portugal,  on  the 
Tamega,  38  m.  N.E.  Oporto.     P.  4,000. 

Amabapura,  a  fortfd.  city,  formerly 
cap.  of  Burmah,  on  the   Irrawadi,  6  m. 


amb] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


23 


N.E.  Ava.  In  1800,  the  p.  was  estim.  at 
175,000,  but  since  the  removal  of  the  seat 
of  govt,  to  Ava  in  1819,  it  has  much  de- 
clined. 

Amarin  (St.),  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  H. 
Rhin.     P.  1,995. 

Amaro  (Santo),  a  town  of  Brazil, 
prov.  &  45  m.  N.W.  Bahia,  with  a  port 
&  an  active  export  trade. — Also  small 
towns  in  other  parts  of  Brazil. 

Amasia,  an  ancient  city  of  Asia  Minor. 
p.  25,000,  with  considerable  trade  in  silk, 
of  which  132,000  lbs.  were  produced  here 
in  1840. 

Amastra,  a  fortfd.  seaport  of  Asia 
Minor,  on  the  Black  sea.     P.  800. 

Amatitlan,  a  dist.  of  Central  America, 
20  m.  N.N.W.  Guatemala.  It  is  a  fertile 
valley  surrounded  by  mountains  of  vol- 
canic origin,  &  watered  by  two  rivers  & 
a  lake  of  same  name.  Cochineal  is  largely 
produced.     P.  12,000. 

Amatrice,  a  town  of  Naples.  P. 
5,000. 

Amaxichi,  the  cap.  of  the  Ionian 
island  Santa  Maura,  on  its  E.  coast.  P. 
6,000.  A  British  governor  &  a  Greek  arch- 
bishop reside  here.  The  harbor  is  shallow. 
Amay,  a  town  of  Belgium.  P.  2,470. 
Amazon,  the  chief  riv.  of  S.  America," 
&  the  largest  in  the  world.  It  is  formed 
by  the  union  of  the  Tunguragua  &  Ucay- 
aIe-4  the  former  rising  in  Lake  Lauricocha 
(Peru),  in  lat.  10°  30'  S.,  Ion.  76°  10'  W. : 
&  the  head  stream  of  the  latter,  the  Apu- 
rimac,  originating  about  lat.  16°  S.,  Ion. 
72°  W.  Both  rivs.  have  a  general  course 
at  first  northward  ;  the  Tunguragua,  near 
lat.  6°  S.,  bends  eastward,  and  after  re- 
ceiving the  Huallaga  from  the  S.,  joins  the 
Ucayale,  about  lat.  4°  25'  S.,  Ion.  72°  30' 
,  W.  Here  the  stream  has  depth  sufBc. 
for  almost  any  class  of  ships.  Thence- 
forth the  Amazon  flows  through  Brazil  to 
the  Atlantic,  which  it  enters  nearly  under 
the  equator,  &  between  Ion.  48°  &  50° 
W.,  its  estuary  widening  until  it  is  180 
m.  across.  Taking  the  Apurimac  as  its 
source,  its  direct  length  is  estim.  at  1,769 
m.,  &  including  its  windings,  nearly 
4,000  m. ;  for  great  part  of  which  (viz. 
from  the  ocean  to  Pongo  de  Manseriche, 
Ion.  76°  50'  W.),  it  is  navig.  &  uninter- 
rupted by  any  rapid  cataract.  At  least 
20  noble  rivers,  navigable  to  near  their 
sources,  pour  their  waters  into  it,  besides 
numerous  other  less  important  streams. 
Chief  tributs.,  the  Napo,  Putumayo,  Ya- 
pura,  &  Eio  Negro,  from  the  N. ;  the 
Yavari,  Jutay,  Jurua,  Coary,  Purus,  Ma- 
deira, Tapajos,  &  XLngu,  from  the  S. 
By  the  Casiquiare,  a  branch  of  the  Rio 


Negro,  the  Amazon  has  a  direct  &  remark- 
able connection  with  the  Orinoco.  The 
Amazon  &  its  tributaries  afford  an  im- 
mense inland  navigation,  estimated  at 
50,000  m. ;  &  the  extent  of  its  basin  has 
been  computed  at  about  two  millions  of 
sq.  m.,  or  about  2-5ths  of  the  whole  con- 
tinent of  S.  America.  The  depth  of  tho 
riv.  is  great ;  in  mid  current  no  bottom  is 
found  with  20  faths.  The  velocity  of  tho 
current  is  pretty  uniform,  at  the  rate  of 
3 J  ms.  an  hour.  Tides  ascend  this  riv. 
for  400  m.  from  the  Atlantic — as  far  as 
Obidos,  where  the  Amazon  is  still  more 
than  a  mile  in  width  ;  &  near  the  fitU 
moon  the  rise  of  the  tide  occasions  a  for- 
midable rush  of  water  into  the  channel, 
sometimes  bringing  in  several  waves  from 
10  to  15  ft.  in  height;  this  phenomenon, 
called  the  bore,  is  witnessed  on  a  smaller 
scale  in  the  Ganges,  &  in  some  Europ. 
rivs.  The  upper  part  of  the  riv.,  as  far 
as  the  mouth  of  the  Yavari,  which  forms 
the  boundary  line  betwn.  Brazil  and  Peru, 
is  called  Maranon,  tlience  to  the  mouth  of 
the  Rio  Negro  it  is  called  Solimoes  or  Soli- 
mas,  &  fmm  the  Negro  to  its  mouth, 
Amazon.  The  tropical  rains  swell  the 
riv.  annually  to  40  &  50  ft.  above  its  ordi- 
nary level.  The  Maranon  attains  its 
greatest  height  in  Jany.,  the  Solimoes  in 
Feby.,  the  Amazon  in  middle  of  March. 
In  the  lower  part  of  its  course,  the  Ama- 
zon abounds  with  islands,  &  in  its  estuary 
are  Marajo  &  Caviana,  of  considerable 
extent.  Santiago  (Ecuador),  S.  Borja,  S. 
Joaquim,  Tabatinga,  Olivenza,  Matura, 
Serpa,  Santarem,  Montalegre,  Para, 
Arayates,  &  Gurupa,  are  towns  on  its 
banks;  but,  with  trifling  exceptions,  the 
whole  country  which  it  traverses  is  still  in 
a  state  of  nature.  In  1848,  a  steamboat 
made  a  passage  from  Para,  up  the  river 
as  far  as  the  Negro.  The  estuary  of  the 
Amazon  was  discovered  by  Pinion  in 
1500;  in  1539,  Francis  d'Orellana  sailed 
down  it  from  the  Napo,  &  it  obtained 
its  name  of  Amazon  from  his  having  re- 
ported that  he  had  seen  armed  women  on 
its  shores. 

Ambares,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Gi- 
ronde.     P.  2,299. 

Ameazac,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Haute- 
Vienne.     P.  2,825. 

Ambelakia,  a  town  of  Turkey  in  Eu- 
rope, Thessaly,  14  m.  N.E.  Larissa.  P. 
4,000. 

Amber,  a  vill.  of  Onondaga  co.  New 

York.     P.  100. II.  a  town  of  Hindos- 

tan. — Cape  Amber  is  the  N.  extremity 
of  Madagascar.  Lat.  11°  57'  30"  N.; 
Ion.  49°  8'  48"  E. 


24 


CTCLOP-EDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHT. 


[ame 


Amberg,  a  walled  city  of  Bararia,  31 
m.  N.N.W.  Regensburg.  P.  10,800.  Near 
this,  the  French  were  defeated  by  the 
Austrians  in  1796. 

Ambergris  Key,  an  uninhabited  isl. 
in  the  Atlantic,  off  the  N.E.  shore  of 
British  Honduras.  Length  20  m.  N.E.  to 
S.W. ;  average  breadth  3  m.  Its  E.  coast 
is  firm  &  well  wooded ;  its  W.  is  swampy. 
Its  name  is  derived  from  the  ambergris 
found  on  its  shores. 

Amberieux,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Ain.    P.  2,677. 

Ambert,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Puy- 
de-DOme.  P.  3,658.  Its  cheese  is  much 
esteemed. 

Ambialet,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Tarn. 
P.  3,271. 

Ambil,  one  of  the  smaller  Phillippine 
isls.  70  m.  S.W.  Manila,  12  m.  in  cir.,  & 
containing  a  lofty  volcanic  mountain. 

Amblauw,  an  isl.  of  the  E.  Archip., 
12  m.  S.E.  Booro.  Lat.  3°  52'  S.,  Ion. 
127°  16'  E.  It  is  10  m.  long,  &  depend- 
ent on  the  Dutch  government  of  Amboy- 
na.     P.  733. 

Amblecote,  a  hamlet  of  Engl.,  co, 
Stafford.    P.  1,623. 

Ambleside,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  "West- 
moreland. 

Ambleteuse,  a  decayed  seaport  of 
France,  on  the  English  channel,  6  m.  N. 
Boulogne.     P.  581. 

Amboise,  a  town  of  France,  on  the 
Loire,  &  on  the  railway  from  Orleans  to 

Tours.     P.  4,859. II.   a  cape,  isl.,  & 

anchorage    of    Africa,    coast   of    Benin. 
Lat.  3°  58'  N.,  Ion.  9°  15'  B. 

Ambon,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Morbi- 
han.    P.  2,175. 

Amboy,  a  town  of  Oswego  co.    New 

York.     P.  1,010. II.  a  town  of  Lucas 

CO.  Ohio.     P.  452. 

Amboyna,  an  isl.  belonging  to  the 
Dutch  in  the  E.  Archipelago,  off  the 
S.W.  extremity  of  Ceram,  between  lat. 
3°  26'  &  3°  48'  S.,  &  Ion.  127°  57'  &  128° 
27'  E.  Length  35  m.;  average  breadth 
10  m.  P.  29,592,  mostly  Malays,  with 
some  Chinese,  besides  the  Dutch  resi- 
dents. Surface  mountainous,  but  fertile, 
well  watered  &  wooded.  Chief  product, 
cloves,  of  which  about  300,000  lbs.  are 
an  average  crop.  These,  with  sago  & 
indigo,  are  the  chief  exports.  Opium  & 
European  goods,  are  the  chief  imports. 
The  government,  subordinate  to  that  at 
Batavia  (Java),  is  located  at  Fort  Vic- 
toria, which  with  the  town  of  Amboyna, 
p.  8,966,  is  on  the  bay  of  Binnen. 

Ambrim,  an  isl.  in  the  Pacific,  New 
Hebrides,  lat.  16°  9'  30"  S. ;  Ion.  167° 


50'  E.  It  is  50  m.  in  circumference,  fer- 
tile &  cultivated. 

Ambriz,  a  small  indep.  Negro  kgdm. 
of  Africa,  on  the  Atlantic  coast.  Cap. 
Quibanza,  with  a  port  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Ambriz,  70  m.  N.  Loanda.  Slavery 
is  unknown  here,  &  among  other  singu- 
lar customs,  horses  &  beasts  of  burden 
are  prohibited.     Exports,  gum  &  ivory. 

Ambrizettb,  a  kgdm.  of  Africa,  be- 
tween the  Congo  &  Ambrizette  rivs., 
with  a  town  on  the  coast. 

Ambroix  (St.),  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Gard.     P.  3,210. 

Ambrose  (St.),  an  isl.  in  the  Pacific, 
in  lat.  21°  17'  50"  S. ;  Ion.  79°  35'  W. 

Ameland,  an  isl.  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  the  North  sea,  off  the  coast  of  Fries- 
land.  Lat.  53°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  15'  E. 
P.  1,936. 

Amelia,  a  co.  in  the  E.  part  of  Vir- 
ginia, drained  by  branches  of  the  Appo- 
mattox riv.    Area,  300  sq.  m.     P.  9,770. 

Cap.  Amelia,  (a  small  vill.) II.  an  isl. 

of  Florida,  10  m.  N.  of  the  mouth  of  St. 
John's  river.  It  is  15  m.  in  length,  &  4 
in  width,  &  forms  a  part  of  Nassau  co. 
Soil  fertile.     Fernandina,  a  vill.  at  the 

N.W.  end,  has  a  good  harbor. III.  a 

city  of  Pontif.  states.     P.  4,000. 

Amenta,  a  town  of  Dutchess  co.  New 
York.  P.  2,179.  It  has  saw  &  flour 
mills,  an  iron  furnace,  &  a  bank  with  a 
cap.  of  $50,000. 

America,  or  the  "  New  World,"  is  one 
of  the  great  divisions  of  the  earth,  sur- 
passing in  magnitude  all  the  others  ex- 
cept Asia.  Including  Greenland,  it  ex- 
tends through  135°  of  lat.  &  145°  of  Ion., 
viz. :  from  about  lat.  80°  N.  to  55°  S.,  & 
Ion.  20°  to  165°  W. ;  separated  from  Eu- 
rope &  Africa,  by  the  Atlantic,  &  from 
Asia  &  Australia,  by  the  Pacific.  Its 
area  is  thus  estimated  by  the  best  au- 
thorities : — 

sq,  miles. 

North  America 7,400,000 

South  America 6,500,000 

Islands 150,000 

Greenland,  &  the  isls.  N.  of 

Hudson's  Straits 900,000 

Total 14,950,000 

It  is  divided  N.  of  the  equator  by  tho 
gulf  of  Mexico,  into  two  continents,  con- 
nected by  a  narrow  region  extending 
through  about  15°  of  lat.  termed  Central 
America,  &  the  S.  extremity  of  which 
(Isthmus  of  Darien  or  Panama)  is  only 
28  m.  across.  N.  America,  like  Europe 
&  Asia,  is  deeply  indented  by  bays  & 
gulfs,  having  extensive  lakes ;  while  S- 


ame] 


UNIVERSAL    G-AZETTEER, 


25 


America,  resembling  Africa  &  Australia 
in  general  outline,  has  its  coasts  little 
broken  by  inlets,  &  its  lakes  are  compar- 
atively small.  America  boasts  the  two 
largest  rivers  in  the  world,  the  Amazon 
&  the  Mississippi,  &  all  its  physical  fea- 
tures are  on  the  most  stupendous  scale. 
The  great  mountain  system  of  this  hem- 
isphere is  the  most  extensive  in  the  world, 
extending  under  the  various  designations 
of  Andes,  Sierra  Madre,  Anahuac,  & 
Rocky  mountains,  from  its  S.  to  its  N.. 
extremities,  a  distance  of  about  9,000 
miles. 

North    America,     including     Central 
America,  extends  N.-ward  of  lat.  8°  N. 
&  between  Ion.  55°  &  165°  W.    On  its  E. 
side  are  Hudson  &  James'  bays,  the  G-. 
of   St.  Lawrence,    the    bays    of    Eundy, 
Chesapeake,  &  Delaware  ;    on  its  S.  the 
G.  of  ilexico ;  on  its  W.  the  gulfs  of  Ga-l- 
ifornia  &    Georgia,    Cook   inlet,    Bristol 
bay,    &    Norton    &     Kotzebue     sounds. 
On  the  N.  the  Arctic  ocean  separates  it 
from   Melville  &  Bathurst  isls.,  Victoria 
Land,  Boothia,  &c.     BafBn  bay  &  Davis' 
strait  divide  Coekbum  Land  from  Green- 
land.   Ch.  peninsulas  of  N.  America.  Lab- 
rador,    Nova     Scotia,     Florida,    &     Old 
California.     The  mnts.  of  N.  America  are 
divided  into  several  chains,  of  which  the 
Alleghanies  on  the  E.,  &  the  Rocky  mnts. 
on  the  W.,  bound  the  great  central  region 
of  N.  America,  drained  by  the  Mississippi 
&  Missouri,  Ohio,   Tennessee,  Arkansas, 
Rio  Brava,  &o.     The  E.  part  of  this  re- 
gion is  fertile,  &  its  centre  is  a  vast  prai- 
rie ;  but  much  of  its  W.  pn.rt  appears  to 
be  rocky  &  barren.    N.  of  this  region  the 
five    great,  lakes,    Superior,     Michigan, 
Huron,    Erie,  &  Ontario,  discharge  their 
waters  E.-ward  by  the  river  St.  Lawrence 
into  the  gulf  of  same  name.     Still  farther 
N.  is  the  Boreal  region,  occupying  all  the 
surface   from  Canada  no'rthward   to  the 
shores   of  the  Arctic    ocean   &    Hudson 
bay ;  here  are  the  Winnipeg,   Manitoba, 
AVollaston,    (Jreat    Slave,    Great    Bear, 
&   Athabasca   lakes,    &   the    Mackenzie, 
Athabasca,   Great   Slave,   &   Great  Fish 
rivs.,  mostly  flowing  N.-ward.     The  Colo- 
rado, Columbia,  &  Great  Snake  rivs  ,  with 
the  unexplored  territ.  of  Russian  America, 
are  W.  of  the   Rocky  mnts.,  which  rise 
much  further  inland  from  the  Pacific  tha,n 
the  Andes  in  S.  America.     Around  this 
continent  are  numerous  isls.,  incl.  New- 
foundland, Prince  Edward,  Cape  Breton, 
&  the  W.  Indian  archipelago  on  the  E  , 
&  several  archipelagos  lining  the'  Russian 
&  British  coasts  in  the  N.W. 
S.  America  extends  S.-ward  from  about 
2 


lat.  13°  N.,  &  from  Ion.  35°  to  81°  30' 
W.  It  consists  mainly  of  three  immense 
plains  respectively  watered  by  the  Am- 
azon, Plata,  &  Orinoco  rivs.  The  basins 
of  the  two  former  are  inclosed  by  the 
Andes  W.-ward,  &  the  mntns.  of  Brazil 
on  the  E. ;  that  of  the  last  is  bounded 
N.-ward  by  a  cordillera  of  the  Andes,  &  S. 
by  the  sierras  dividing  Colombia  from 
Brazil.  All  the  great  rivs.  of  this  conti- 
nent discharge  their  waters  into  the  At- 
lantic, except  the  Rio  Magdalena,  which, 
with  its  affls.,  flows  between  the  Cordil- 
leras of  the  Andes  N.-ward  to  the  Carib- 
bean sea.  Next  to  these  large  rivs.  & 
their  tributaries,  are  the  Tocantins,  Par- 
anahyha,  San  Francisco,  Belmonte,  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul,  &  Rio  Negro  of  Patago- 
nia, all  of  which  enter  the  Atlantic.  Chf. 
inlets,  the  gulfs  of  St.  George  &  St.  Mat- 
thias in  Patagonia ;  &  in  Colombia  the 
gulf  of  Guayaquil  &  the  lake  of  Maracay- 
bo,  united  by  a  strait  to  the  Caribbean 
sea.  L.  Titieaca  is  the  only  inland  lake 
of  consequence ;  it  is  much  inferior  in 
size  to  L.  Nicaragua  in  Central  America. 
Tierra  del  Fuego,  the  largest  isl.  belong- 
ing to  S.  America,  is  at  the  S.  extrem.  of 
Patagonia,  the  W.  coast  of  which  country, 
with  a  part  of  that  of  Chile,  is  lined  by 
numerous  isls.,  interspersed  with  some  of 
the  best  harbors  in  the  Pacific. 

The  climate  of  America  is  almost  as 
remarkable  for  its  extreme  vicissitudes  as 
that  of  Africa  for  its  continual  heat ;  this 
is  partly  due  to  its  high  N.  &  S.  latitudes, 
&  to  the  great  elevation  of  its  surface. 
The  products  of  every  climate  abound  in 
its  different  regions,  &  in  some  its  vegeta- 
tion is  most  exuberant.  It  furnishes  vast 
quantities  of  sugar,  cotton,  tobacco,  coffee, 
cocoa,  dyewoods,  mahogany,  medicinal 
barks  ;  &  in  the  precious  metals  it  has 
hitherto  proved  richer  than  any  other  divi- 
sion of  the  globe.  Earlj^  in  the  present 
century,  Humboldt  estimated  the  annual 
produce  of  S.  American  gold  k  silver  at 
8,700,O0OZ. ;  &  at  present  (1848)  it  may 
be  estima.ted  at  3,500,000/^.  a-year.  The 
silver  mines  of  Mexico,  &  the  gold' 
mines  of  California  are  much  more  pro- 
ductive, &  it  is  believed  that  the  store 
of  precious  metals  in  both  the  N.  &  S. 
parts  of  this  hemisphere  have  yet  been 
imperfectly  discovered.  Though  the  most 
gigantic  fossil  animals  have  been  discov- 
ered in  this  continent,  America  has  now 
few  large  quadrupeds,  except  the  bison, 
the  musk  ox,  the  reindeer,  &  some  bears 
in  the  remote  north.  The  largest  beasts 
of  prey,  besides  the  last  named,  are  the 
jaguar  &   puma,  chiefly  in  S.  America. 


26 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[ame 


But  in  useful  animals  this  continent  is 
more  prolific ;  the  llama,  alpaca,  guanaco, 
&  Tieimna,  are  substitutes  for  the  camel, 
sheep,  &  goats  of  the  Old  World  ;  &  im- 
mense troops  of  wild  horses  originally  im- 
ported from  Europe,  &  cattle,  wander 
over  the  Pampas.  The  inferior  animal 
tribes  are  in  great  variety,  &  many  of 
them  are  peculiar  to  this  hemisphere. 
The  native  inhabitants,  or  red  Indians, 
are  also  peculiar  to  this  continent,  having 
the  physical  characters  of  a  distinct  race. 
The  tribes  of  the  N.  &  S.,  though  differing 
in  civilization,  &  using  varied  dialects  of 
one  primary  language,  seem  to  have  had 
a  common  origin.  They  are,  however, 
much  mixed  by  intercourse  with  Europe- 
ans &  Negroes,  &  are  rapidly  becoming 
extiuet.  Since  Columbus  discovered  this 
country,  11th  October,  1492,  a  tide  of  emi- 
gration has  flowed  from  Europe  to  Amer- 
ica, &  by  far  the  greater  proportion  of 
the  pop.  is  now  of  European  descent. 
Virginia  was  discovered  by  Sir  Walter 
Raleigh  in  1584,  &  the  colonies  of  Vir- 
ginia &  New  England  were  planted  in 
1607  &  1620.  North  America  is  princi- 
pally peopled  by  Britons  &  their  descend- 
ants, a  considerable  number  of  French  in 
Canada,  some  Germans  in  Pennsylvania^ 
&  N.  York,  &  Dutch,  Swedes,  &  Spaniards^ 
in  other  localities.  At  one  period  nearly 
the  whole  continent  was  nominally,  if  not 
actually,  possessed  by  European  sove- 
reigns ;  at  present,  except  the  wide  regions 
claimed  by  Gt.  Britain  &  Russia,  in  the 
extreme  N.,  very  few  portions  of  territ.  on 
the  American  main  belong  to  European 

powers. Russian    America   compreh. 

the  N.W.  coasts  from  lat.  55°  to  70°  N., 
&  Ion.  141°  to  168°  W. British  Amer- 
ica is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  territory 
of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  &  on  the 
S,  by  the  United  States,  comprising  the 
provinces  of  Upper  &  Lower  Canada,  New 
Brunswick,  Nova  Scotia,  Cape  Breton, 
Prince  Edward  Island,  Newfoundland, 
Labrador,  Antieosti  Isl.,  &  part  of  Ore- 
gon.  tinited  States  extend  from  the 

British  possessions  in  the  N.,  to  the  gulf 
of  Mexico  S.,  &  from  the  Atlantic  to  the 
Pacific.  The  republic  of  Mexico  extends 
from  lat.  16°to  42°  N. Central  Amer- 
ica includes  the  republic  of  Guatemala, 
adjoining  Mexico  on  the  S.,  Yucatan,  & 

Belize. Soutli  America  compreh.  on 

the  N.  the  republics  of  Granada,  Vene- 
zuela, &  Ecuador ;  on  the  W.  coast  the 
republic  of  Peru,  &  S.  of  this  Bolivia  & 
Chile.  Between  these  states  &  the  At- 
lantic lie  the  United  Provinces  of  La  Plata. 
The  empire  of  Brazil  lies  to  the  E.,  wa- 


Table  of  the  different  States  and  Colonies  in 
.America  and  the  West  Indies,  with  their 
estitn.  Area  and  Population. 


States,  Terr,  and  Colon. 

Area  in  sq.  m. 

Estim.  Fop. 
(latest  can.) 

British  N.  America. 
Russian  America.. . 
Danish     America  ) 

(Greenland)  . . .  ( 
United    States  &  ) 

Territories \ 

Mexican  Confeder.. 
Indep.  Ind.  Terr... . 

954,430 
371,000 

3,940 

a,600,000 

595,820 
3,000,000 

2,121,152 
■61,000 

7,552 

23,263,488  ' 
6,6.J0,09G 

Total  N.  America 

7,525,190 

32,103,288 

Cent.  Amer.  Confed. 

203,630 
50,000 
16,400 
48,500 

318,530 

1,900,000 
472  870 

British  Hondui-as.. . 

10,000 

Total  Cent.  Amer. 

2,382,876 

Hayti 

29j500 

52,840 

178,043 
1,345 

1,060 
177 

25 

1,000,000 

Spanish  W.I.(Cu-( 
ba,P.  Rico,&c.)  \ 

British  W.  I.  Isls., . 

French        do. 

Dutch          do. 

Danish         do. 

Swedish      do.(St. ; 
Bartholomew)  .  \ 

1,410,224 

902,073 

249,044 

24,400 

43,178 

7,000 

Total  W.  I.  Isls.. . 

262,990 

3,635,919 

n  !„«,  (  Venezuela 

C"!^"'- 5  N.Granada 

°'^     (  Ecuador. . 

i  British  . . . 
Guiana  <  French  . . . 

(Dutch.... 

416,620 

369,630 

325,000 

12,000 

10,980 

10,400 

2,743,380 

580,000 

374,480 

726,000 

74,000 

103,880 

101,080 

300,000  V 

945,247 

1,686,000 

600,000 

127,695 

20,365 

57,000 

4,170,229 

1,500,000 

1,030,000 

675,000 

300,000? 

25O;000? 

1,000,000 

Peru  (N.  and  S.)... 

Bolivia 

Plata  Confederation 

Uruguay    (Banda  > 

Oriental) S 

Chile  and  Araucania 

Patagonia,   Tierra  1 

fiel  Fuego,  and  > 

the  Falkland  Is.  ) 

Total  S.  America 

6,147,450 

12,361,536 

Grand  Total 

14,254,160 

50,483,619 

tered  by  the  Atlantic,  adjoining  which  is 
the  small  state  of  Paraguay.  Uruguay, 
or  Banda  Oriental,  lies  immediately  to 
the  S.  of  Brazil,  &  Patagonia  &  Tierra 
del  Fuego  form  the  southern  limits  of  the 

continent. Ciuiana,  on  the  N.E.  coast 

N.  of  the  Amazon  r.,  contains  the  British 
possessions  of  Demerara,  Essequibo,  Ber- 
bice,  the  French  possess,  of  Cayenne,  & 
Dutch  col.  of  Surinam. The  West  In- 
dia Islands  in  the  Columbian  Archipel- 


AMO] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


2T 


ago,  consist  of  the  Bahama  islands,  Great 
Antilles,  including  Cuba,  Jamaica,  St. 
Domingo,  Porto  Rico.  Smaller  Antilles 
includ.  Barbuda,  Antigua,  Guadaloupe, 
Dominica,  Martinique,  St.  Lucie,  Barba- 
does,  Granada,  Tobago,  St.  Christopher, 
St.  Vincent,  Trinidad,  &c. 

Americcs,  a  small  vill.  &,  cap.  of 
Sumpter  co.  Georgia,  104  m.  S.S.W.  Mil- 
ledge  ville.     P.  400. 

Amersfooet,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, with  a  port  on  the  Eem,  12i  m. 
N.E.  Utrecht.     P.  12,889. 

Amersham,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Bucks.    P.  3,645. 

-Ames,  a  vill.  of  Montgomery  co.  New 
York.     P.  175. 

Amesbtjry,  a  town  of  Essex  co.  Mass. 
on  the  Merrimac,  44  m.  N.E.  Boston.  P. 
2,471.  Large  ships  are  built  here,  & 
floated  down  the  Merrimac  to  the  ocean. 
Here  also  are  numerous  fulling  mills  & 

other  factories. II.  a  town  of  England, 

CO.  Wilts.     P.  1,171. 

Amesville,  a  vill.  of  Athens  co.  Ohio. 
P.  1,431. 

Amhara,  a  kgdm.  Of  Abyssinia,  cap. 
Gondap.  It  comprises  all  the  country 
W.  of  the  Tacazze. 

Amherst,  a  seaport  of  the  British 
territ.  in  Further  India,  .30  m.  S.W. 
Maulmein.     P.  5,000.     Harbor  spacious 

&  secure. II.  a  town  of  Hancock  co. 

Maine.     P.  . III.  cap  of  Hills- 

borough CO.  New  Hampshire,  30  m.  S. 
Concord.  P.  1,565.-- — IV.  a  town  of 
Hampshire  co.  Massachusetts,  82  m.  "W. 
Boston.  P.  2,250.  Amherst  college  was 
founded  here  in  1821.  It  has  182  stu- 
dents, 12  instructors,  a  library  of  14,000 
vols.,  &  complete  philosophical  appa- 
ratus.  Its  list  of  alumni  numbers  963,  of 

whom  432  have  been  ministers.- V.  a 

town  of  Erie  co.  New  York.     P.  2,451. 

■ VI.  a  town  of  Lorain  co.  Ohio.     P. 

1,184. VII.  a  central  co.  of  Virginia, 

on  the  N.  side  of  James  river.  Area, 
418  sq.  m.  P.  12,699.  Cap.  Amherst, 
a  vill.  115  m.  "W.  Richmond.     P. 

Amherstburg,  a  town  of  Up.  Canada, 
on  the  Detroit  riv.  14  m.  S.  Detroit. 

Amiens,  a  city  of  France,  on  the 
Somme,  &  on  the  railway  from  Paris  to 
Brussels,  71  m.  N.Paris.  P.  47,332.  Its 
Gothic  cathedral,  founded  in  1220,  is  one 
of  the  finest  in  Europe.  Here  are  a  pub- 
lic library  of  50,000  vols.,  &  numerous 
manufs.  of  cotton,  woollen,  &  other  fab- 
rics. The  treaty  of  "the  Peace  of 
Amiens"  was  signed  27th  March,  1802. 
Amiens  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Amirante  Islands,   in    the   Indian 


ocean.  Lat.  of  the  S.-most  island  6°  53' 
15"  S. ;  Ion.  53°  8'  24"  E.  They  consist 
of  eleven  small,  low  isls.,  &  are  visited 
for  the  land  turtles,  with  which  they 
abound. 

Amite,  a  S.W.  county  of  Mississippi. 
Area,  900  sq.  m.,  watered  by  the  Amite 
riv.  P.  9,694.  Cap.  Liberty.  The  Amite 
riv.  runs  hence  through  Louisiana  into 
the  Iberville  riv. 

Amititan,  a  vill.  and  lake  of  Central 
America,  state  and  20  m.  S.  Guatemala. 

Amity,  a  vill.  of  Aroostook  co.  Maine. 

P.   169. II.  a  town  of   Allegany    co. 

New  York.  P.  1,354.  Also,  towns  in 
Erie  &  Berks  counties,  Pa.,  &  a  vill.  in 
Orange  co.  New  York. 

Amla,  one  of  the  Andreanov  isls.,  N. 
Pacific.  Length  E.  to  W.  40  m.,  breadth 
10  m. 

Amlwch,  a  seaport  of  Wales,  co.  An- 
glesey, on  its  N.  coast.     P.  3,373. 

Ammer,  two  small  rivs. 1.  Wiir- 

temberg. II.  Bavaria. 

Ammerschwihr,  a  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Rhin.     P.  2,169. 

Ammon,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
St.  Gall.     P.  1,500. 

Ammonoosuc,  Upper  &  Lower,  small 
rivers  of  New  Hampshire,  both  rising  in 
the  White  mtns.,  &  falling  at  difi'erent 
points  into  the  Connecticut,  after  courses 
of  about  50  m. 

Amoor,  or  Saghalist,  a  large  river  of 
E.  Asia,  formed  near  lat.  53°  "IST. ;  Ion. 
125  E.,  by  the  union  of  the  Shilka  & 
Argun.  It  enters  the  gulf  of  Saghalin, 
op.  the  isl.  of  same  name,  lat.  52°  27' 
N. ;  Ion.  140°  E.    Entire  course,  2,200  m. 

Amorbach,  a  town  of  Bavaria.  P. 
2,712. 

Amorgos,  an  isl.  of  the  Grecian  archip. 
Length  13  m. ;  breadth  6  m.     P.  2,800. 

Amoskeag,  a  vill.  of  Hillsborough  co. 
New  Hampshire.  The  falls  of  the  Mer- 
rimac here  supply  much  water  power, 
which  is  employed  in  numerous  cotton 
mills. 

Amou,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Landes. 
P.  2,176. 

Amour  (St.),  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Jura.     P.  1,939. 

Amoy,  a  seaport  of  China,  prov.  Fo- 
kien,  on  the  isl.  of  Amoy,  in  a  bay  of  the 
Chinese  sea,  op.  Formosa,  &  320  m.  E.N.E. 
Canton.  Lat.  24°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  118°  13' 
E.  P.  250,000.  The  city  is  separated 
from  the  suburbs  by  a  line  of  rocky  hills, 
commanded  by  a  citadel.  The  harbor  is 
excellent.  This  port  was  open  to  Euro- 
peans till  1734,  when  all  trade  with  them 
was  suppressed.   On  the  26th  Aug.  1841, 


28 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOaRAPHY. 


[ams 


Araoy  was  taken  by  the  English,  who 
held  the  fortified  isl.  Kolungsoo,  com- 
manding the  entrance  to  the  harbor, 
until  the  final  payment  of  the  sum  of  six 
million  dollars  exacted  from  the  Chinese 
gov.  by  the  treaty  of  Nankin.  There  is 
now  a  considerable  trade,  espec.  with 
Formosa;  manufs.  of  porcelain,  grass 
cloths,  umbrellas,  paper,  &o.,  which,  with 
sugar  candy  &  congou  tea,  compose  its 
principal  expts.  Imports  comprise  rice, 
sugar,  camphor,  &  European  produce, 
which  in  1844,  amounted  in  value  to 
80,659Z.,  the  exports  by  sea  amounting 
to  12,612Z.  In  1848  the  total  amount 
of  foreign  trade  was  £212,416,  of  which 
£97,373  were  British. 

Ampanam,  a  town  of  the  E.  Archip., 
on  the  W.  coast  of  the  isl.  Lombok. 

Ampaza,  a  seaport  of  Zanguebar,  & 
cap.  of  a  state  of  the  same  name,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Pate,  in  lat.  20°  S.  ;  Ion. 
40°  50'  E. 

Ampfing,  a  vill.  of  Bavaria.  Here 
Moreau  commenced  his  famous  retreat 
in  1800. 

Amphila,  a  bay  and  isl..  Red  sea, 
Abyssinia,  the  bay  in  lat.  14°  42'  N. ; 
Ion.  40°  22'  E. 

Amplepuis,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
EhOne.     P.  1,961. 

Ampthill,  a  town  of  England,  co.  Bed- 
ford.    P.  2,001. 

Ampudia,  a  town  of  Spain.     P.  1,836. 

Ampurias,  Castle  de  S.  Martin  de, 
a  poor  hamlet  of  Spain,  with  a  small 
harb.  on  the  Mediterr.,  24  m.  N.E.  Ge- 
rona. 

Ameitsie,  the  sacred  cap.  of  the  Pun- 
jab, 36  m.  E.  Lahore,  with  which  it  com- 
municates by  Runjeet  Singh's  canal.  P. 
120,000.  Von  Hugel  states  that  Amritsir 
is  larger  than  Lahore,  &  the  most  wealthy 
&  commerc.  place  in  N.  India.  The  rich 
temple  here  is  the  chief  seat  of  the  Sikh 
religion.  Here  in  1846  a  treaty  was 
signed,  by  which  the  terr.,  comprised 
betw.  the  rivs.  Beas  &  Sutleje,  was  ceded 
to  the  English. 

Ameum,  an  isl.  of  Denmark,  near  the 
"W.  coast ;  6  m.  long,  &  2  m.  broad.  P. 
600. 

Amstel  (Nieuwer),  a  town  of  Hol- 
land.    P.  5,084. 

Amstel  (Ouder),  a  town  of  Holland. 
P.  2,016. 

'Amstelveen,  a  vill.  of  Holland.  P. 
5,050. 

Amsterdam,  one  of  the  most  import, 
cities  of  Europe,  cap.  of  the  Netherlands, 
is  built  in  the  form  of  a  crescent,  on  the 
Amstel,  at  its  entrance  into  the  Ye,  lat. 


52°  22'  5"  N. ;  Ion.  4°  53'  2"  E.  P. 
(1847)  221,349,  of  whom  23,000  were 
Jews.  The  city  is  connected  by  railws. 
with  the  Hague,  Rotterdam,  &  Arnhem. 
It  is  built  on  piles  of  wood  driven  into 
the  alluv.  soil ;  &  is  divided  into  2  parts 
by  the  Amstel,  &  intersected  by  nums. 
canals,  which  form  90  isls.  commung.  by 
290  bridges.  The  streets,  almost  all 
ranged  on  the  sides  of  canals,  are  well 
paved  &  lighted ;  the  houses  are  built 
of  brick,  painted  different  colors.  Am- 
sterdam is  the  seat  of  the  administration 
of  the  marine,  of  which  the  magazines  & 
building-yards  are  most  extensive  ;  an 
observatory,  a  cabinet  of  nat.  history,  a 
royal  museum  with  a  splendid  &  unique 
callee.  of  paintings  ;  the  most  remarkable 
buildings  are  the  palais-royal,  the  hotel 
de  ville,  the  mansions  of  the  E.  &  W. 
India  cos.,  the  buildings  of  the  Felix  Me- 
ritis  soc,  the  exchange,  the  arsenal,  the 
barracks,  &  many  eccles.  edifices,  besides 
extens.  charitable  institutions,  "rhe  port 
of  Harlem,  the  handsome  bridge  over  the 
Amstel,  the  fine  quays  along  the  Y,  & 
the  vast  basins,  aT-e  also  worthy  of  notice. 
Amsterdam  attained  its  greatest  pros- 
perity after  the  closing  of  the  Scheldt  in 
1648,  when  it  rnonopolized  nearly  all  the 
commerce  of  the  Indies.  Its  commerce 
decreased  with  the  decline  of  the  republic 
of  Holland,  by  the  opening  of  the  Scheldt, 
&  the  rivalry  of  Antwerp  &  Rotterdam  ; 
but  the  canal  of  N.  Holland,  &  the 
railws.  which  now  afford  such  facilities 
of  communication  with  other  parts  of  the 
kingdom  &  the  adjoining  countries,  will 
probably  restore  its  former  prosperity. 
There  is  regular  steam  communic.  betw. 
this  city  &  Kampen,  Enkhuizen,  Harlin- 
gen,  &  Hamburg.  The  bank  of  the 
Nethds.  was  establ.  here  in  1814.  Its 
industry  comprises  manufs.  of  woollen, 
cotton,  linen,  &  silk  fabrics,  jewellery  & 
gold  lace,  sugar,  borax,  sulphur,  &  other 
refineries,  soap,  oil,  glass,  iron,  dye,  & 
chemical  works,  distilleries,  breweries, 
tanneries,  tobacco  factories,  &  ship-build- 
ing docks.  Chf.  imports,  the  products  of 
the  colonies  &  N.  Europe,  hides,  linen, 
cotton,  &  woollen  stuffs,  hardwares,  rock 
salt,  tiji  plates,  coal,  Ac.  Chf.  exports, 
the  produce  of  the  Neth'ds.,  E.  &  W. 
India  possessions,  cheese,  butter,  &c., 
corn  &  linens  from  Germany,  Span., 
Germ.,  &  Engl,  wools,  French,  Rhenish, 
&  Hungar.  wines,  brandy,  &c.  Amster- 
dam has  a  large  transit,  as  well  as  insur- 
ance &  bill-broking  trade.  Imports  in 
1840,  amounted  in  value  to  7,944,958/., 
&  the  exports  to  6,225,083Z. ;  in  the  same 


ana] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER, 


year,  4,177  ships  entered  the  port. 
About  250  or  260  large  ships,  belonging 
to  Amsterdam,  trade  to  the  E.  &  W.  In- 
dies, the  Mediterr.,  &  the  Baltic. II. 

a  town  of  Montgomery  co.  New  York,  on 
the  Mohawk  riv.,  32  m.  W.  Albany.  The 
Utica  &  Schenectady  railroad  passes  thro' 
the  place.     Here  are  fm-naces,  carpet,  & 

scythe  factories,  &o.     P.  5,333. III. 

a  vill.  of  Botetourt  eo.  Va. 

Amsteedam  Island,  an  isl.  in  the  S. 
of  the  Indian  ocean,  about  60  m.  N.  the 
isl.  St.  Paul,  lat.  38°  53'  S.,  Ion.  77°  37' 
E.  It  is  4J  m.  in  length,  2J  m.  in 
breadth,  2,760  ft.  in  elev.,  &  evidently  the 
crater  of  an  extinct  volcano,  having  a 
burning  soil  &  numrs.  hot  springs.  It  is 
destitute  of  vegetation  ;  but  sea-birds, 
shell-fish,  &  seals,  abound  on  it. 

Amsterdam  (New),  a  seaport  of  Brit. 
Gruiana,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Berbice, 
founded  by  the  Dutch.  Three  strong 
batteries  protect  the  entrance.    P.  6,633. 

Amstetten,  a  vill.  of  Austria,  near 
the  Ips,  28  m.  E.S.E.  Linz.  The  French 
here  defeated  the  Austrians  &  Russians, 
5th  Nov.  1805. 

Amtzell,  a  vill.  of  Wiirtemb.  P.  2,130. 

Amucu,  a  lake  of  S.  America,  betw. 
the  Essequibo  &  the  Amazon  :  in  the  dry 
season  it  nearly  disappears. 

Amusco,  a  town  of  Spain.  P.  1,743. 
It  was  nearly  depopulated  by  pestilence 
in  1804. 

Amwell,  a  town  of  Hunterdon  co. 
N.  J.     P.  3,071. 

Anabon,  an  isl.  belonging  to  Spain,  in 
the  gulf  of  Guinea,  180  m.  W.  Cape 
Lopez.  Lat.  of  N.  point,  1°  24'  S.  ;  Ion. 
5°  37'  E. ;  4  m.  long,  2  m.  broad.  P.  3,000 
negroes,  who  profess  the  Roman  Catholic 
relig.  It  is  mntns.,  &  affords  safe  anchor- 
age, except  during  equinoctial  storms. 

Anacapki,  a  town  of  isl.  Capri.  P. 
1,600. 

Anadyr,  a  riv.  of  Siberia,  traversing 
the  Tchuktchi  country,  N.  of  Kamtchat- 
ka.  It  rises  in  L.  Ivachno,  about  lat.  66° 
30'  N. ;  Ion.  173°  E.  ;  falls  into  the  sea 
of  Anadyr  (N.  Pacific),  about  Ion.  178° 
E.  Anadyrsk,  the  only  station  on  its 
banks,  is  in  lat.  65°  10'  N.,  Ion.  167° 
10' E. 

Anagni,  a  town  of  Pontif.  sta.,  37  m. 
E.S.E.  Rome.  P.  5,450.  It  is  the  seat 
of  a  bishopr. 

Anah,  a  town  of  Asiat.  Turkey,  on  the 
Euphrates.     P.  3,000. 

Anahuac,  the  great  central  table-land 
of  Mexico,  betw.  lat.  15°  &  30°  N.,  & 
Ion.  95°  &  110°  W. ;  comprising  3-5ths 
of  the  territ.  of  the  Mexican  confed.,  & 


elevated  from  6,000  to  9,000  ft.  above  the 
sea.  It  is  bounded  E.  &  W.  by  the  two 
great  mntn.  chains  into  which  the  cor- 
diilera  of  Central  America  subdiv.  in  its 
progress  N.-ward.  Many  lofty  mntns., 
including  JoruUo,  Popocatepetl  (17,720 
ft.  high),  &  other  volcanoes,  rise  out  of 
this  plateau,  but  much  of  its  surface  is 
tolerably  level.  N.  of  Mexico,  in  the 
Sierra  Madre,  are  the  silver  mines  of 
Zimipan,  the  richest  in  the  world.  The 
rivs.  Tula,  Zacatula,  Rio  Grande  de  San- 
tiago, Rastla,  &  Nasas,  originate  in  this 
region,  in  which  also  are  the  cities  of 
Mexico,  La  Puebla,  Guanaxuato,  &  Za- 
catecas.  The  name  Anahuac  is  also  ap- 
plied to  the  Rocky  mnts.  S.  of  lat.  40°  N., 
which  extend  into  Mexico  &  join  this 
plateau. 

Anaklia,  a  seaport  of  Abkasia,  on  the 
Black  sea. 

Anam,  an  emp.  of  S.E.  Asia,  occupy- 
ing the  E.  part  of  Further  India,  betw. 
lat.  10°  &  23°  N.,  &  Ion.  102°  &  109°  E. ; 
comprising  Cochin-China,  Tonquin,  &  a 
part  of  Camboja ;  &  having  N.  the  Chi- 
nese provs.  Quangsi  &  Yun-nan,  W.  the 
indep.  Laos  &  Siamese  territs.,  &  S.  &  E. 
the  China  sea  &  G.  of  Tonquin.  Area 
estim.  about  98,000  sq.  m.  ?  ;  &  popula- 
tion at  15,000,0007  of  whom  380,000  are 
supposed  to  be  Christians.  Surface  gen- 
erally fertile,  rising  progressively  from 
the  sea  to  the  great  mntn.  chain  separ- 
ating Cochin-China  from  Camboja.  Chief 
rivs.  the  Menam-kong,  forming  the 
boundary  on  the  side  of  Siam,  &  the  rivs. 
of  Tonquin,  Saigon,  &  Hue.  Climate 
healthy,  the  heat  being  tempered  by  sea 
breezes.  Inhab.  similar  in  race  to  the 
Chinese,  with  an  intermixture  of  Siam- 
ese, Malays  &  Moi,  or  dark  negro  race. 
Coasts  generally  bold,  &  abound  with 
some  of  the  best  harbors  in  the  world. 
Products,  rice,  sugar,  cinnamon,  carda- 
moms, pepper,  &  other  spices,  indigo, 
dye-woods,  iron-wood,  teak,  &  other  tim- 
ber, varnish,  gums,  an  inferior  tea,  bam- 
boos, ivory,  silk,  copper,  iron,  &  the  pre- 
cious metals.  These  articles,  with  edible 
birds'  nests  &  pearls,  form  the  princip. 
exports.  Impts.,  manuf.  silks,  porcelain, 
drugs,  fine  teas,  &  household  utensils 
from  China  ;  spices,  sandal  wood,  &  tin 
from  the  Malay  penins. ;  opium  from 
India;  cottons  from  Canton  &  Singa- 
pore, &  a  few  Brit,  coarse  woollens,  with 
serges,  camlets,  iron,  &  arms  from  Eu- 
rope. The  king  is  said  to  monopolize 
the  legal  trade,  in  which  five  square 
rigged  ships  are  employed,  on  voyages 
to  Canton,  Batavia,  &  British  India.    In 


80 


CYCLOP-(EDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[and 


1844  the  imports  from  Anam,  at  Singa- 
pore, amounted  in  value  to  $177,606,  & 
the  exports  thither  to  $229,413.  Chf. 
cities  and  seats  of  trade,  Hue,  the  cap.. 
Ke-cho  (Tonquin),  Sai-gdn,  &  Faifo. 
The  governm.  is  an  hered.  milit.  despot- 
ism ;  the  central  administration  is  under 
six  mandarins,  heads  of  bureaux ;  &  the 
provinces  are  each  under  a  mandarin  of 
the  first  or  military  class.  Standing 
army  was,  some  years  since,  between 
40,000  &  50,000  men,  besides  the  royal 
guards  &  800  elephants.  Navy  includes 
abt.  200  gun-boats,  100  galleys,  &  500 
smaller  vessels;  the  people  excel  most 
Asiatics  in  ship-building.  The  popular 
religion  is  Buddhism.  Before  the  French 
revol.,  the  gov.  of  Louis  XVI.  made 
great  endeavors  to  establish  French 
ascendency  in  Anam ;  &  by  the  efforts 
of  the  French  residents,  several  of  the 
cities  were  fortified  in  the  European 
fashion,  &  European  policy  was  intro- 
duced into  the  govnmt. ;  but  these  in- 
cipient reforms  have  since  become  obso- 
lete ;  a  more  recent  attempt,  on  the  part 
of  the  French,  to  gain  an  ascendency, 
having  also  failed.  The  emperor  sends 
presents,  at  stated  periods,  to  the  court 
of  Pekin,  which  affects  to  consider  Anam 
tributary  to  China,  &  invests  its  succes- 
sive rulers  with  their  sovereignty. 

Anamaboe,  a  Brit,  fort  on  the  Guinea 

coast,  11  m.  E.N.E.  Cape  Coast  Castle. 

Lat.  5°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  1°  5'  W.     P.  4,500. 

Anambas   Islands,  a  group   in  the 

China  sea,  consisting  of  about  50  gran- 
itic &  wooded  isls.,  between  lat.  2°  &  3° 

N. ;  Ion.  106°  &  108°  30'  E.,  150  m.  E. 

the  Malay  peninsula.  P.  2,000,  of  Ma- 
lay descent. 

Anapa,  a  seaport  of  Circassia,  on  the 

Black  sea.    P.  3,000. 

Anastasia,    an   island   off  the   N.E. 

coast   of  Florida,   18   m.  in   length  by 

about  H  ni.  in  breadth;  with  a  signal 

tower  at  its  N.  end,  in  lat.  29°  50'  N. ; 

Ion.  81°  23'  W. 

Anatolia,  the  W.  part  of  Asia  Minor, 

between  lat.  36°  &  42°  N.,  &  Ion.  26°  & 

35°  E. 

Anatolico,    an  isl.  of  Greece,  6  m. 

N.W.  Missolonghi,  covered  by  a  town  of 

400  houses. 

Ancenis,  a  town  of  France,   on  the 

Loire,  21  m.  N.E.  Nantes.     P.  (1846) 

3,296. 

Ancebville,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 

Meuse.     P.  2,208. 

Ancholme,  a  riv.  of  Engl.,  joins  the 

Humber,    9   m.    N.  Glanford   Brigg,    to 

which  town  it  has  been  made  navigable. 


Anciaes,  a  walled  town  of  Portug., 
70  m.  E.N.E.  Oporto.    P.  2,000. 

Ancober,  a  riv.  of  Africa,  on  the  Gold 
Coast.  ■  Lat.  4°  54'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  16'  15" 
W.,  forming  the  W.  limit  of  the  Dutch 
possessions  on  this  coast. 

Ancomarca,  a  post  station,  Bolivia, 
S.  America,  15,724  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea,  inhabited  during  summer 
months,  &  highest  human  residence  in 
the  world. 

Ancona,  a  marit.  city  of  Pontif.  sta., 
on  the  Adriatic, .  134  m.  N.E.  Rome. 
Lat.  43°  37'  42"  N. ;  Ion.  13°  30'  35"  E. 
P.  36,000,  exelu.  of  about  5,000  Jews, 
who  inhabit  a  separate  quarter.  The 
port,  one  of  the  best  &  most  frequented 
in  Italy,  is  defended  by  several  forts,  & 
enclosed  by  two  moles,  on  one  of  which 
is  a  lighthouse.  In  1798,  Ancona  was 
taken  &  occupied  by  the  French ;  &  in 
1799,  General  Meunier  here  sustained  a 
memorable  siege.  It  was  again  taken 
by  the  French  in  1801,  &  restored  to 
the  pope  in  1802.  After  this  it  was  incor- 
porated with  the  kgdm.  of  Italy  till  1814, 
when  it  was  restored  to  the  Papal  doms. 
A  detachment  of  French  troops  held  its 
citadel  from  1832  to  1838.  Manufs.  of  silk 
stockings,  leather,  paper,  wax,  candles, 
and  verdigris.  Princip.  exports,  corn, 
hemp,  bacon,  sulphur,  tallow,  &c. ;  chief 
imports,  colonial  goods,  drugs,  &  metals. 

Ancona  (Marca,  or  March  of),  an 
old  division  of  territ.  in  Central  Italy, 
which  in  the  middle  ages  included  the 
country  betw.  the  Duchy  of  Urbino  & 
the  March  of  Fermo,  cap.  Ancona. 

Ancram,  a  town  of  Columbia  co.  N.Y., 
45  m.  S.E.  Albany,  on  Punch  &  Ancram 
creeks,  which  supply  water  power  for 
several  iron  forges.  P.  1,770.  Rich 
veins  of  lead  ore  in  the  vicinity  are  not 
much  worked. 

Ancy,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Rhone. 

P.  949. II.  a  vill.  in  dep.  Moselle. 

P.  1,164. 

Ancy-le-Franc,  a  town  of  France, 
dep.  Yonne,  on  the  canal  of  Bourgogne. 
P.  1,423. 

Andalusia,  a  division  of  the  S.  of 
Spain,  bounded  N.  by  Estremadura  & 
New  Castile,  E.  by  Murcia  &  the  Medi- 
terr.,  S.  by  the  Atlantic,  &  W.  by  Portu- 
gal. It  is  now  div.  into  the  following 
provs.,  which  are  named  from  their  chief 
towns,  Almeira,  Grana.da,  Jaen,  Malaga, 
Cadiz,  Cordova,  Huelva,  Sevilla.  Anda- 
lusia is  traversed  by  the  sierras  Morena 
&  Nevada ;  the  climate  on  the  coasts  is 
extremely  warm  ;  its  chief  minerals  are 
lead,  copper,  iron,   &  mercury.     It  is 


and] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZliXTEER. 


31 


very  fertile  in  grain,  wines,  olives,  figs, 
sugar,  &  cotton,  &  furnishes  a  consider- 
able quantity  of  silk  &  cochineal.  On 
its  pasture  is  raised  a  celebrated  breed 
of  horses,  &  sheep  which  yield  fine  wool. 
The  manufs.,  formerly  important,  have 
greatly  declined. 

Andaman  Islands,  a  group  in  the 
bay  of  Bengal,  betw.  lat.  10°  &  13°  N., 
&  nearly  under  the  93°  of  E.  Ion.  Total 
area  about  3,000  sq.  m.  P.  scanty,  & 
in  the  lowest  state  of  barbarism.  In 
1793,  a  British  settlement  was  estatbl.  at 
Port  Cornwallis,  in  the  N.E.  of  Great 
Andaman,  but  was  abandoned  in  1796.:; 
Andelfingen,  a  town  of  Switzerl., 
cant.  Zurich.     P.  2,400. 

Andelot,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  H. 
Marne.    P.  992.     Manufs.  of  cutlery. 

Andelys  (les),  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Eure,  20  m.  N.E.  Evreus,  &  near  the 
Seine.     P.  3,456. 

Andennes,  a  town  of  Belg.,  10  m.  E. 
Namur.  P.  4.990.  Manuf.  porcelain,  & 
tobacco  pipes. 

Andeol  de  Bourleng  (St.),  a  vill.  of 

France,  dep.  Ardeche.     P.  1,594. II. 

(De  Fourchades,  St.),  a  vill.  Ard8che. 
P.  1,099. 

Andermatt,  a  viU.  of  Switzerland,  in 
the  val.  of  Ursern,  cant.  Uri,  18  m.  S. 
Altorf,  with  600  inhabs.,  &  a  remarkable 
anc.  church.  Near  it  is  the  celebrated 
Devil's  bridge,  crossing  the  Reuss,  & 
forming  part  of  the  route  across  Mount 
St.  Grothard  into  Italy. 

Andernach,  a  town  of  Prussia,  10  m. 
KW.  Coblenz,  on  the  Rhine.  P.  3,182. 
Manufs.  of  hydraulic  cement  made  from 
volcanic  tufa  &  empl.  in  the  construction 
of  the  dykes  in  Holland. 

Anderson,  one  of  the  N.W.  dist.  of 
S.  C,  between  the  Savannah  &  Saluda 
rivs.     Area,  800  sq.  m.     P.  10,531.    Cap. 

same  name. II.  a  central  co.  of  Ky. 

Area,  170  sq.  m.     P.  6,260.     Cap.  Law- 

renceburg. III.   a  central   co.   of  E. 

Tenn.     Area,  750  sq.  m.   P.  6,938.   Cap. 

Clinton. IV.  a  town  of  Hamilton  co. 

Ohio,  on  the  Ohio  riv.,  10  m.  N.E.  Cin- 
cinnati.    P.  2,311. V.  a  town  of  Rush 

CO.   Indiana.     P.    1,423. VI.   county 

Texas.     P.  2,884. 

Andes,  the  great  mountain  system  of 
S.  America,  extend,  through  65°  of  lat. 
along  its  W.  coast  from  Cape  Horn  to  the 
isthmus  of  Panama,  with  a  breadth  of 
from  40  to  400  m.,  forming  along  the 
highest  part,  a  length  of  4,360  m.,  & 
covering  with  its  chains,  plateaus,  and 
declivities,  nearly  a  sixth  part  of  that 
continent.    From  its  S.  extrem.  the  main 


chain  runs  along  the  W.  shore  of  Tierra 
del  Fuego,  &  consists  of  rocky  summits, 
rising  in  many  places  to  2,000  or  3,000  ft., 
the  culminating  point  of  this  portion  (Mt. 
Sarmiento),  being  6,910  ft.  above  the  sea. 
The  Andes  are  composed .  partly  of 
granite,  gneiss,  mica,  &  clay  slate,  but 
chiefly  of  greenstone,  porphyry,  &  basalt, 
with  limestone,  red  sandstone,  &  con- 
glomerate. Salt  &  gypsum  are  also 
found,  &  seams  of  coal  at  a  great  eleva- 
tion. The  topaz,  amethyst,  &  other 
gems  are  abundant.  Volcanoes  are  nu- 
merous in  the  Chilean  Andes,  where 
there  are  no  less  than  nineteen  in  a  state 
of  activity ;  &  the  mntns.  of  Ecuador 
consist  almost  altogether  of  volcanic  sum- 
mits, either  now  or  formerly  in  active 
ignition.  Of  these,  the  most  dreaded  is 
Cotopaxi.  By  the  government  returns 
for  1849,  the  amount  of  gold  &  silver 
coinage  &  of  silver  bars,  was  as  follows : 

Peru.. $3,441,965 

Bolivia 2, 104,605 

Mexico 12,040,000 


Total  value        $17,586,570 

These  returns,  however,  do  not  express 
the  accurate  produce  of  the  mines,  as 
much  smuggling  takes  place.  The  limit 
of  perpetual  snow  in  the  Andes  reaches 
the  height  of  18,300  ft.  in  the  W.  Cordil- 
lera of  Chile ;  near  the  equator  it  is 
15,000  ft.,  &  in  the  Bolivian  Andes 
(lat.  21°  S.)  17,000  ft.  above  the  sea. 
The  potato  is  cultivated  in  the  Andes  at 
an  elev.  of  9,800  to  13,000  ft.  Wheat 
grows  luxuriantly  at  a  height  of  10,000 
ft.,  &  oats  ripen  in  the  vicinity  of  L.  Titi- 
caca,  at  an  elev.  of  12,795  ft.  Glaciers 
are  numerous  in  Tierra  del  Fuego,  &  on 
the  "W.  coast  of  Patagonia.  The  follow- 
ing are  the  principal  summits  &  passes 
of  the  Andes,  arranged  from  S.  to  N., 
with  elevations  in  feet : 

Patagonian  Andes. 

Yanteles  (vole.) 8,030 

Corcobado  (do.) 7,510 

Minchinadom  (do.) 8,000 

Chilean  Andes. 

Antuco  (vole.) 13,0007 

Portillo  pass 14,365 

Aconcagua , 23,200 

La  Cumbre  pass,  between Mendoza 

&  Santiago 12,454 

Descabezado 12,102 

Nevado  de  Chorolque 16,546 

Bolivian  Andes. 
Cerro  de  Potosi 16,040 


32 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[and 


Pass  of  Potosi 14, 320 

Gualtieri  (vole.) 22,000 

Nevado  de  Chuquibamba 21,000 

"  Illimani 24,200 

"  Sorata 25,250 

Pas  of  las  Gualillas '...  14,8307 

Analache  Mt. 18,500 

Peruvian  Andes. 

Arequipa  (vole.) 18,400 

Pass  between  Lima  &  Tarma,  ex- 
treme hgt - 15,7607 

Pass  of  Alto  de  Jacaibamba 15,1357 

"  .  Laehagual 15,480 

Ancles  of  Quito. 

(Mean  elevation) 18,380 

Mountains  of  Assuay 15,500 

Pass  of  do.  highest  point 12,385 

Chimborazo. .'. 21,420 

Cotopaxi  (vole.) 18,887 

Antisana  (vole.) 19, 137 

Pichincha  (vole.) 15,922 

Cayambe %.  19,648 

Earthquakes  generally  accompany  the 
volcanic  eruptions,  &  are  felt  over  all  the 
adjacent  continent.  The  Andes  are  cele- 
brated for  producing  gold  &  silver  in 
large  quantities,  with  platina,  mercury, 
copper,  lead,  tin,  &  iron.  Humboldt  esti- 
mated the  annual  product  of  the  mines,  at 
the  commencement  of  the  present  century, 
at  43,500,000  dollars.  Mr.  Jacob  calcu- 
lates the  total  product  during  the  20 
years  terminating  in  1829,  at  379,937,731 

dollars. Andes,   Delaware  co.  N.  Y., 

87  m.  W.  Albany,  344  "W.  The  surface 
is  hilly,  &  the  soil  adapted  to  grazing. 
P.  2,672. 

Andoen,  one  of  the  Loffoden  isls.  off 
W.  coast  of  Norway,  20  m.  in  length,  10 
m.  broad.   Lat.  69°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  15°  15'  E. 

Andorra,  (Valley  of),  a  neutral 
country  with,  the  name  of  a  republic,  sit. 
on  the  S.  slope  of  the  Pyrenees,  betw.  the 
French  dep.  Ariege,  &  the  Spanish  prov. 
of  Lerida,  extend,  from  lat.  42°  22'  to 
42°  43'  N.,  &  from  Ion.  1°  25'  to  1°  55' 
E.,  surrounded  by  high  mntns.,  on  which 
the  snow  lies  for  six  months  in  the 
year.  Its  climate  is  cold,  but  healthy. 
Soil  unproductive,  but  contains  rich 
mines  of  iron  &  one  of  lead.  The  valley  is 
divided  into  6  par.  or  comm.,  &  contains, 
besides  the  cap.,  thirtj'-four  hamlets. 
The  govt.,  a  mixture  of  monarchy  &  de- 
mocracy, is  vested  in  twenty-four  consuls, 
elect,  by  the  whole  pop.  Its  constitution 
was,  till  1848,  subject  to  the  mutual  sov. 
of  the  king  of  the  French,  &  the  bishop 
of  Urgel,  &  under  the  prot.  of  the  queen 
of  Spain.  The  inhabs.  mostly  shepherds, 
speak  the  Catalan  language.     They  are 


all  Ptom.  Catholics,  &  public  instruction 
is  in  the  lowest  state.  Industry  confined 
to  three  iron  forges,  &  a  small  quant, 
of  coarse  cloth,  chf.  comm.  export  of  iron 
to  Spain,  &  skins  and  wool  to  France. 
The  princip.  necessaries  of  life  are  imp. 
from  Spain,  &  the  repub.  carries  on  an 
extensive  contraband  trade  betw.  the  two 
states.  The  p.  of  the  valley,  which  has 
been  annually  increasing,  was  in  1845, 
estim.  from -5,000  to  6,000.  The  indep. 
of  this  little  state  dates  from  Charle- 
magne, in  790. 

AxDOVER,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  Hants, 

63  m.   W.S.W.   London.     P.   4,941. 

Andover,  Oxford  co.  Me.  It  was  incor- 
porated in  1804.  The  land  is  of  a  good 
quality,  &   the   town   is   surrounded   by 

mountains.     P.   551. II.    Merrimack 

CO.  N.  H.,  it  is  watered  by  Blackwater  riv. 

P.    1,168. III.   Windsor   co.  Vt.     P. 

0,000. IV.  Essex  co.  Mass.     The  vill. 

contains  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  savings 
institution,  an  insurance  office.  Philips 
academy,  &  the  Andover  theological  sem- 
inary.    P.  6,945. 

Andeaix,  a  port  on  S.W.  coast  of 
•Majorca.     P.  4,609. 

Andeahum,  a  town  of  Sweden,  24  m.  S. 
by  W.  Christianstadt,  with  extens.  alum 
works. 

Andre  (St.),  a  town  of  Hungary,  10 
m.  N.  Pesth,  on  the  Danube.  P.  2,980. 
It  has  a  Roman  Catholic  &  nums.  Greek 

churches. II.  a  town  of  Savoy.    P. 

1,299. 

Andreanov  Islands,  a  group  of  vole, 
isls.,  N.  Pacific,  belong,  to  Russia,  & 
forming  the  \Y.  div.  of  the  Aleutian  isls., 
lat.  52°  57'  N. ;  Ion.  170°  E.  &  173°  W. 
They  are  scantily  inhabited. 

Andreaseerg,  a  town  of  Hanover. 
P.  4,400,  employed  in  mining,  &  manufg. 
lace  &  thread. 

Andre-de-Cubzac  (St.),  a  town  of 
France,  dep.  Gironde,  12  m.  N.E.  Bor- 
deaux. P.  1,554. 
_  Andee-de-Sangonis  (St.),  a  town  of 
France,  dep.  Herault.  P.  2,079. — Andre 
{St.),  is  the  nameof  many  vills.  in  France. 

Andres  (San),  a  town  on  the  E  side 
of  the  isl.  of  Teueriffe.     P.  2,635. 

Andretta,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the 
Apennines.     P.  4,450. 

Andrew  County,  Missouri,  on  the 
Missouri  riv.,  cap.  Savannah.     P.  9,433. 

Andrews  (St.),  a  city  of  Scotland,  on 
the  E.  coast  of  Fifeshire.  P.  6,017;  situ- 
ated on  the  rocky  edge  of  a  bay  of  same 
name ;  39  m.  N.N.E.  of  Edinburgh. 
The  university  is  the  oldest  in  Scotland, 
founded  1411. 


akg] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


33 


Andrews  (St.),  a  town  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, ISO  m.  N.E.  Portland.— 5;;.  An- 
drew's bay  4"  sound,  on  the  S.  coast  of 

Florida,  extending  30  m.  inland. II. 

an  inlet  on  the  coast  of  Guinea.— (Si.  An- 
drew's Islands,  Pacific  ocean,  betw.  Pa- 
pua &  the  Pellew  isls.,  are  in  lat.  5°  32' 
N.  ;  Ion.  128°  W. — St.  Andrew's  chan- 
nel <^-  sound,  Conception  strait,  W. 
Patagonia. 

Andria,  an  episcop.  city  of  Naples. 
P.  14,600. 

Andros,  an  isl.  of  the  Grec.  Arcbip., 
25  in.  long,  6  m.  broad,  &  forming  with 
Tenos  a  gov.  of  Greece.  P.  15,200.  (?) 
The  isl.  is  mntns.,  soil  fertile,  &  yields 
corn,  wine,  silk,  oil,  &  fruit. — Andr-os, 
the  cap.,  on  its  E.  coast,  has  5,000  inhabs., 
&  a  harbor  for  small  vessels  ;  but  the 
best  port  in  the  isl.  is  that  of  Gaurio,  on 

the  W.  coast. II.  one  of  the  Bahama 

isls.  ;  lat.  of  S.  point,  24°  4'  N. ;  Ion.  of 
do.  78°  45'  W. 

Androscoggin  riv.,  Me.,  is  formed  by 
the  junction  of  Magalloway  riv.  &  the 
outlet  of  Umbagog  lake.  It  runs  40  m. 
in  N.  H.  &  100  in  Maine. 

vVndrychov,  atownofGalicia.  P.  3,000. 
In  its  vicin.  the  extens.  sulphur  mines  of 
Swoszowice. 

Andujar,  a  town  of  Spain,  at  the  foot 
of  the  Sierra  Morena,  &  near  the  Gua- 
dalquivir.    P.  9,353. 

Anduze,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Gard. 
P.  4,412,  mostly  Protestants.  Manufs. 
of  hats,  silk,  hosiery,  &  earthenware. 

Anegada,  the  mostN.  of  the  Antilles, 
Brit.  W.  Indies.  Area,  about  13  sq.  m. 
P.  211.  It  is  low,  &  of  coral  formation  ; 
at  its  S.E.  extrem.  is  a  dangerous  reef, 
extending  for  10  m.  outwards,  &  has 
together  with  the  isl.,  an  unhappy  celeb, 
for  shipwrecks. 

Anet,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Eure-et- 
Loir.     P.  1,421.       ' 

Angaziya,  an  isl.  of  the  Indian  ocean, 
the  largest  of  the  Comoro  isls. 

Angeja,  a  town  of  Portugal.  P.  1,600. 

Angel  (St.),  a  vill.  of  France,  prov. 
Corr^ze.     P.  1,499. 

Angelica,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Alle- 
gany CO.  N.  Y.  Incorp.  1835.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $31,600.     P.  900. 

Angelina,  a  CO.  of  Texas.    P.  1,165. 

Angelo  (St.),  numrs.  towns  &  vills.of 

Italy. 1,  cap.  dist.  prov.  Lodi  &  Creraa. 

P.  3,000. II.  deleg.  &  10  m.N.E.  Pa- 
dua.   P.  1,800. 

Angelo  (St.),  (de  Lombaedi),  Naples. 
P.  6,100. 

Angehbuhg,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia. 
P.  3,620. 

2* 


Angermann,  a  navig.  riv.  of  Sweden. 
Length,  120  m. 

Angebmunde,  a  town  of  Prussia,  42 
m.  N.E.  Berlin.     P  4,300. 

Angern,  a  vill.  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
P.  1,150. 

Angers,  a  city  of  France,  cap.  dep. 
Maine-et-Loire,  on  the  Mayenne.  P. 
36,392. 

Angerville,   a  town  of  France,  dep. 

Seine-et-Oise.     P.  1,534. II.  a  town 

arrond.  Havre.     P.  1,028. III.  a  vill. 

arrond.  Yvetot.     P.  1,385. 

Anghiari,  a  dist.  of  Tuscany.  P.  6,417. 

II.   a  town  of  Tuscany.     P.  3,000. 

III.  a  vill.  of  Lombardy. 

Angles,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Tarn. 
P.  2,785.  Many  French  communes  have 
this  name. 

Anglesey,  or  Anglesea,  an  isl.  &  co. 
N.  Wales,  in  the  Irish  sea,  connected 
with  CO.  Carnarvon  across  Menai  strait, 
by  the  Menai  bridge.  Area,  173,440  ac. 
Inhab.  houses,  11,487.     P.  50,891. 

Anglet,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  B.- 
Pyrenees.    P.  3,016. 

Angley's  Bronch.  p-v.,  Barnwell 
dist.,  S.  C. 

Angoissb,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Dor- 
dogne.     P.  1,308.     ■ 

Angola,  a  state  of  Lower  Guinea, 
betw.  lat.  8°  &  10°  S.,  having  W.  the  S. 
Atlantic,  N.  Congo.  Surface  mostly 
mntns.,  well  watered,  &  fertile.  Chf.  riv. 
the  Coanza. 

Angola,  p-v.,  Erie  co.  N.  Y. 

Angola,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Steuben  co.  la., 
174  m.  N.N.E.  of  Indianapolis. 

Angora,  a  city  of  Asia  Minor,  on  a 
hill,  140  m.  N.  Konieh.  Lat.  39°  56'  30" 
N.,  Ion.  32°  50'  E.  P.  10,000  Mohamms., 
5,000  Armenians  &  Greeks,  &  200  Jews. 

Angornow,  a  town  of  Bornou,  centr. 
Africa,  15  m.  S.E.  Kouka,  near  the  W. 
bank  of  L.  Tchad.  P.  said  to^  be  at  least 
30,000.  It  is  the  centre  of  a  large  trade 
in  slaves,  cotton,  amber,  coral,  metals,  &c 

Angostura,  a  city  of  Venezuela,  on 
the  Orinoco,  165  m.  S.  by  E.  Cumana,  & 
about  240  m.  from  the  sea ;  riv.  here 
navig.  for  vessels  of  300  tons.  P.  6,000. 
In  the  year  1849-50,  the  total  val.  of  its 
impls.  &  expts.  is  stated  to  have  been 

$807,950 II.  a  town  of  New  Granada, 

on  the  Magdalena,  116  m.  N.  Bogota. 

Angouleme,  a  city  of  France,  on  the 
Charente.  P.  17,237.  It  has  paper  mills 
&  distilleries,  a  cannon  foundry,  manufs. 
of  serges  &  earthenware,  &  an  extensive 
trade.  The  naval  school  formerly  here, 
has  been  transferred  to  Brest. 

Angouleme   (Canal  d'),  a  canal.  N. 


34 


CYCLOPEDIA  -OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[ANN 


France,  extending  from  the  canal  of  St. 
Quentin  (Aisne),  to  the  Engl,  channel  at 
St.  Valery.  Course  mostly  parallel  to, 
or  identical  with  the  Somme  ;  length  76 
m.   It  passes  Ham,  Amiens,  &  Abbeville. 

Angoxa,  a  petty  state,  riv.,  harb.,  & 
small  isls.  off  the  Mozambique  coast,  E. 
Africa  ;  the  isls.  near  lat.  16°  20' S.;  Ion. 
40°  E. 

Angoy,  a  territ.  Lr.  Guinea,  about  lat. 
6°  S.,  bounded  S.  by  the  Congo  riv.,  &  W. 
the  Atlantic.     Chf.  town  Kabenda. 

Angra,  cap.  of  the  archip.of  the  Azo- 
res, on  the  S.  coast  of  the  isl.  of  Terceira. 
P.  13,000.  Its  fortifications  have  been 
considerably  extended,  &  Mont  Brazil,  in 
the  vicinity,  is  capable  of  being  made  a 

place    of  great    strength. II.    {Dos 

Reyes),  a  seaport  town,  Brazil,  67  m. 
"VV.S.W.  Rio  Janerio. 

Angra  PEauENA,  a  bay  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Africa,  lat.  26°  38'  18"  S. ;  Ion. 
1.5°  0'  32"  B.  Nitrates  of  potash  &  soda 
have  been  discovered  in  its  vicinity.. 

Angki,    a  town  of  Naples.     P.  6,400. 

Angkogna,  a  town  of  Piedmont.  P. 
2,600. 

Anguilla,  or  Snake  Island,  one  of 
the  Brit.  W.  India  isls..  Leeward  group, 
8  m.  N.  St.  Martifi.  Area,  35  sq.  m. 
P.  (1842)  2,934.  Off  its  N.E.  coast  is  the 
little  island  Anguilletta^ 

Angxjillara,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  on  the 

Adige.     P.  2,300. II.  a  vill.,   Pontif. 

sta. 

Anhalt,  three  con  tig.  duchies,  centr. 
Germany,  mostly  betw.  lat.  51°  &  52° 
N.,  &  Ion.  11°  &  13°  E.,  surrounded  by 
Prussian  Saxony.  The  S.W.  portion,  ap- 
proaching the  Harz,  is  hilly  ;  the  centre 
is  a  fertile  plain,  watered  by  the  Saale 
&  Elbe  ;  E.  of  which  the  soil  is  sandy  & 
poor.  P.  chiefly  Protestants.  The  for- 
ests in  Bernburg  occupy  50  sq.  m.,  & 
there  are  iron,  lead,  &  copper  mines. 
Manufs.  of  woollen  goods,  metallic  & 
earthenwares,  are  carried  on  ;  but  the 
chf  exports  are  the  raw  products.  The 
duchies  are  distinguished  by  the  names 

of  their  chf.  towns. 1.  Anhalt-Bern- 

BURG,  in  the  W.  Area,  339  sq.  m.  P. 
48,844.    Public  rev.  250,000  thalers  yrly. 

Public  debt,  345,000  thalers. II.  An- 

halt-Dessau,  in  the  E.  Area,  360  sq. 
m.     P.  62,691.     Public  rev.  nearly  330,- 

000  thalers. III.  Anhalt-Kothen,  in 

the  centre.  Area,  318  sq.  m.  P.  42,106. 
Public  rev.  (1846)  390,000  thalers.  These 
three  states  unite  to  furnish  1,224  men 
to  the  Germ.  Confed.  Armj'. 

Anholt,  an  isl.  of  Denmark,  N.  Jut- 
land, in  the  Kattegat.     Lat.  of  light-he 


at  its  N.E.  extrem.  56°  44'  17"  N. ;  Ion. 
11°  39' 8"  E.  It  is  6  m.  in  length,  by  2 
m.  in  breadth  ;  &  is  surrd.  by  danger- 
ous shoals.  P.  200.  Since  1842  a  float- 
ing light  vessel  is  stationed  S.E.  of  the 

isl.  from   March  to  December. II.  a 

town  of  Prussian  Westphalia.     P.  1,950. 

Aniane,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  He- 
rault.     P.  2,615. 

Aniche,  a  vill.  of  Eranee,  dep.  Nord, 
P.  1,818,  with  extens.  coal  mines. 

Anjar,  a  dist.  &  town,  TV.  Hindostan. 

II.  an  uninhabited  isl.  of  the  Persian 

gulf,  S.W.  Kishm.  Lat.  26°  41'  N. ;  Ion. 
55°  66'  E. 

Anjengo,  a  seaport  of  S.  India,  Tra- 
vancore  dom.,  70  m.  N.W.  Cape  Comorin. 

Anjer,  a  town  &  seaport  of  the 
Dutch  E.  Indies,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Java, 
in  the  str.  of  Sunda.  Lat.  6°  3'  10"  S. ; 
Ion.  105°  56'  43"  E.      , 

Anklam,  a  town  of  Pomerania,  on  the 
Peene,  7  m.  from  its  mouth.     P.  8,410. 

Ankobar,  a  town  of  Abyssinia,  on  a 
mntn.  near  lat.  9°  34'  N.,  &  Ion.  39°  53' 
E.,  at  an  elev.  of  8,198  ft.     P.  15,000. 

Anloo,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands. 
P.  2,216. 

Ann  (St.),  a  small  lake  in  the  basin  of 
the  St.  Lawrence,  N.W.  Lake  Superior. 
II.  a  port  on  the  E.  coast  of  C.  Bre- 
ton.  III.   a  marit.  vill.,  Jamaica,  on 

the  N.  coast,  20  m.  W.  Port  Maria. 

Anna,  an  isl.  of  the  Pacific  ocean, 
Low.  Archip.,  E.  Tahiti.  Lat.  17°  20'  S., 
Ion.  145°  40'  E. 

Anna,  a  town  &  caravan  station  of 
Syria.    P.  3,000. 

Anna  (St.),  a  lake  of  Guatemala. 

Anna  (St.),  a  town  of  the  French  An- 
tilles, on  the  E.  coast  of  the  isl.  Marie 
Galante. 

Annaberg,  a  town  of  Saxony.  P. 
6,780.  It  has  mines  of  silver,  tin,  & 
cobalt. II.  a  vill.  of  Lower  Austria. 

Annabona,  an  isl.  in  the  G.  of  Guinea, 
belong,  to  Spain.  Lat.  1°  24'  S. ;  lon.,5°  38' 
E.  Length,  4  m. ;  mountainous.   P. '3,000. 

Annabueg,  a  town  of  Prussn.  Saxony. 
P.  1,600. 

Annagh,  two  isls.  of  Ireland,  co.  Mayo. 

Annagoondy,  a  small  dist.  of  British 
India,  along  the  N.  bank  of  the  Toom- 
budra  riv.     Chf.  town,  Bijanagur. 

Annaland  (St.)  a  town,  Netherlands. 
P.  1,694. 

annamooxo,  one  of  the  Friendly 
Islands. 

Annan,  a  town  of  Scotl.,  15  m.  E.S.E. 
Dumfries,  on  riv.  of  same  name,  IJ  m- 
from  the  Solway  firth.  P-  of  do.  5,4717 
II.  Annan,  a  riv.  in  Scotland. 


■MffiM«Mftr"1 


ant] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


Annapolis,  city  &  port  of  entry. 
Capital  of  Maryland,  &  of  Anne  Arun- 
del CO.,  it  has  been  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment in  Maryland  since  1699.  The  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland  has  one  of  its 
branches  here,  called  St.  John's  College. 
P.  3,011. 

Ann  Arboe,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Washtenaw 
CO.  Mich.  It  is  divided  by  Huron  riv.  into 
upper  &  lower  towns.  The  University 
of  Michigan  is  here.     P.  4,868. 

Annatom,  an  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean, 
New  Hebrides,  lat.  21°  S.;  Ion.  170°  E. 

Anne  Arundel,  county,  Md.,  on  W- 
side  of  Chesapeake  bay.  Cap.  Annap- 
olis. Chief  prod,  wheat,  manufs.  of 
woollens,  cottons,  &  iron  ware.  3  newsp., 
1  coll.,  13  acad.    P.  32,393. 

Annecy,   a  lake  of  Savoy,  22  m.  S. 

Geneva,  9  m.  in  length. II.  a  town 

of  Savoy,  at  the  N.W.  extrem.  of  lake 
of  same  name.    P.  9,000. 

Annemasse,  a  town  of  Piedmont. 
P.  1,140. 

Anne    (St.),  a  jiv.  of  Lower  Canada, 

length  120  m. II.  a  lake,  British  N. 

America,  50  m.  N.  Lake  Superior,  into 
which  it  discharges  itself. 

Anne  Ste,  a  marit.  vill.  Guadeloupe, 
on  the  S.  coast  of  Grande  Terre,  12  m. 
E.S.E.  Point-a-Pitre.  P.  6,727,  of  whom 
5,886  were  slaves. II.  a  vill.  Mar- 
tinique, near  the  S.  extremity  of  the  isl. 
P.  2,807,  of  whom  2,567  slaves.— Some 
other  pas.,  "W.  Indies,  &  one  in  the  isl. 
AJderney,  have  the  saine  name. 

Annestown,  a  vill.  of  Ireland,  lOi  m. 
S.W.  Waterford,  on  a  small  bay.  P.  149. 

Annevoye,  a  vill.,  Belgium. 

Anneyron,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Drome.     P.  2,891. 

Annceulin,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Nord.     P.  3,040. 

Annonay,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Ard^ehe,  at  the  junction  of  the  Cance  & 
the  Deaume,  here  crossed  by  a  suspen- 
sion bridge,  37  m.  S.  Lyons.     P.  9,893. 

Annone,  a  walled  town  of  Piedmont. 
P,  1,990. 

Annot,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  B. 
Alpes.     P.  1,178. 

Ann's  Head  (St.),  apromontory  at  the 
W.  side  of  the  entrance  of  Milford  Haven. 

Annsville,  t.,  Oneida  cOf  N.  Y.  P. 
1,765. 

Annweileh,  a  town  of  Bavaria.  P. 
2,696. 

Anor,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Nord. 
P.  2,866. 

Anost,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Saone  et 
Loire.     P.  3,480. 

Anotta,  a  bay  and  town  on  the  N. 


coast  of  Jamaica,  lat.  18°  19'  N. ;  Ion. 
76°  33'  W. 

Anrath,  a  vill.  of  Prussia.    P.  1,772. 

Ans,  a  vill.  of  Belgium.     P.  3,852. 

Anse,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Rhone. 
P.  1,750. 

Ansley  Bay,  or  Gooe  Ducnoo,  an  in- 
let of  the  Red  sea  (lat.  15°  6'). 

Anso,  a  town  of  Spain.    P.  1,416. 

Anson,  county,  N.  C,  in  the  S.  part 
of  the  state.  Washed  by  Rocky  &  Zod- 
kin  rivs.  Area,  760  sq.  m.  Cap.  Wades- 
boro'.      Staple,    cotton,    distillery.      P. 

13,489. II.    t.,   Somerset  co.   Mo.   1 

acad.     P.  1,941. 

Anson  Bay,  in  the  Canton  river, 
China,  on  the  rt.  b.  of  the  Boca  Tigris, 
at  its  entrance.  Here  a  Chinese  fleet 
was  defeated  &  destroyed  by  the  British, 

Jan.  7th,  1841. II.  a  bay,  N.W.  coast 

of  Australia,  lat.  13°  30'  S.,  Ion.  130°  E. 

Antarctic  Sea  is  that  part  of  the 
great  ocean  extending  from  the  Antartio 
circle,  lat.  60°  30'  S.  to  the  S.  Pole.  It 
was  long  considered  impenetrable  for 
^hips,  on  account  of  the  ice  which  ex- 
tends much  further  from  the  pole  than 
in  the  Arctic  ocean  ;  but  many  impor- 
tant discoveries  have  been  made  by  Eng- 
lish, French,  &  American  navigators,  a 
description  of  which  will  be  found  under 
the  heads  Adelie,  Balleny,  Enderby, 
Kemp,  Sabrina,  and  Victoria. 

Antequera,  a  city  of  Spain,  28  m. 
N.N.W.  -Malaga.  P.  17,031.  Manufs. 
woollens  &  baize,  paper,  silk,  &  cotton. 

Antes,  p-t.,  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.  P. 
2,154. 

Antheme  (St.),  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Puy-de-DOme.     P.  1,003. 

Anthony's  Nose,  name  of  several  ele- 
vated peaks  in  N.  Y.,  one  in  the  Highlands 
on  the  E.  of  Hudson  riv. 

Antibes,  a  strongly  fortified  town  of 
France,  dep.  Var,  at  the  t&rm.  of  a  penins. 
in  the  Mediterr.,  10  m.  S.E.  Grasse. 
Lat.  43°  35'  9"  N. ;  Ion.  6°  67'  55"  E. 
P.  4,515,  mostly  empl.  in  fishing,  curing 
fish,  &  trading  in  dried  fruits  and  oil. 

Anticosti,  a  large  desert  isl..  Lower 
Canada.,  in  the  estuary  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence, betw.  lat.  49°  and  50°  N.,  &  Ion. 
62°  &  65°  W.  Area  estim.  at  2,600  sq. 
m.  Interior  mntnous.  &  wooded  ;  climate 
severe.  N.  coast  high,  &  without  har- 
bor, S.  shore  low,  and  very  dangerous. 

Antignano,  a  town  of  Istria,  32  m. 

N.AV.  Fiume.      P.  1,200. II.  a  town 

of  Piedmont.     P.  1,750. III.  a  town 

of  Tuscany,  with  a  fort  on  the  coast. 

Antigny,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Vienna, 
P.  1,126. 


36 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


Antigua,  a  Brit.  "W.  India  isl.,  Lee- 
ward group.  Lat.  of  St.  John's  17°  8'  N. ; 
Ion.  61°  52' W.;  22  in.  S.  Barbuda,  & 
50  m.  N.  Guadeloupe.  Area  about  108 
sq.  m.  P.  36,405.  Coasts  deeply  in- 
dented &  rugged,  interior  rich,  &  highly- 
diversified.  Climate  remarkable  for  dry- 
ness. In  favorable  years  sufiicient  grain 
is  produced  for  home  consumption.  Legis- 
lat.  entrusted  to  a  governor,  a  council  of 

12,  &  an  assembly  of  25  mems. II.  a 

station,  Philippine  isls.,  with  a  fort  &  the 
only  good  anchorage  on  the  isl.  Panay. 

Antigua  (La),  a  town  of  the  isl.  Fuer- 
teventura,  Canaries,  in  a  fertile  plain. 
P.  1,780. 

Anti-Libanus,  a  mntn.  range  of  Pal- 
estine. 

,  Antilles,  great  &  small.  [West 
India  Isls.] 

Antioch  (vulg.  Antakia),  a  city  of 
Syria,  57  m.  W.  Aleppo,  on  the  Orontes, 
about  20  m.  above  its  mouth.  Lat.  36° 
11'  N.;  Ion.  36°  9'  30"  B.  P.  estim.  at 
10,000.  Its  anc.  walls,  varying  from  20 
to  70  ft.  in  height,  enclose  an  area  seve- 
ral m.  in  circ,  much  of  which  is  now 
taken  up  by  gardens.  There  are  manufs. 
of  coarse  pottery,  cotton  stuffs,  &  leather; 
but  the  culture  of  siUs  is  the  eh.  branch 
of  industry. 

Antioch  (Bay  of),  a  bay  of  the  Med- 
iterr.,  overlooked  N.  &  S.  by  mntns.  up- 
ward of  5,000  ft.  in  height.  It  is  free 
from  rocks,  is  generally  well  sheltered, 
&  has  deep  water  almost  to  the  beach. 
The  Orontes  enters  it  near  its  centre. 
On  its  N.  side  are  some  ruins  descr.  as 
those  of  Seleucia  Pieria,  the  anc.  port  of 
Antioch.  The  S.  side  of  the  bay  is 
formed  by  C.  Possidi. 

Antioche  Pertuis,  a  channel  on  the 
W.  coast  of  France,  between  the  isls.  Ole- 
ron  &  Ke.  Light-house,  in  lat.  46°  2' 
52"  N.;  Ion.  32°  15'  E. 

Antiochetta,  a  port  of  Karamania, 
on  the  Mediterranean,  88  m.  S.  Konieh. 

Antioco,  an  isl.  in  the  Mediterr.,  near 
the  S.W.  coast  of  Sardinia,  8  m.  long,  3 
m.  broad.     P.  2,219. 

Antioquia  (Saxta  Fe  de),  a  town  of 
New  Grenada,  190  m.  N.W.  Bogota.  P. 
4,000.  It  has  an  active  trade  in  maize 
&  sugar,  &  there  are  gold  mines  in  the 
vicinity. 

Antipahos,  an  isl.  of  the  Grecian  Ar- 
chip.,  H  m.  W.  Paros,  10  m.  long  &  2m. 
broad.  P.  500.  It  is  celeb,  for  a  stalac- 
titic  cavern  near  its  S.  extremity. 

Anti-paxo,  a  small  uncultivated  isl., 
Mediterr.,  IJ  ni.  S.E.  Paxo. 

Antipodes,  a  small  isl.  in  the  S-  Pa- 


cific ocean,  S.E.  New  Zealand,  so-called 
from  being  the  land  most  nearly  opposite 
to  Gt.  Britain  in  the  S.  hemisphere.  Lat. 
49°  32'  S. ;  Ion.  178°  42'  E. 

Antisana,  a  volcano  of  the  Andes, 
Ecuador,  35  m.  S.E.  Quito,  19,140  ft.  in 
elevation. 

Anti-Taueus,  a  mntn.  chain  of  Asiatic 
Turkey.  It  separates  the  basin  of  the 
Euphrates  on  the  S.  from  the  rivers  flow- 
ing into  the  Black  sea. 

Antivari,  a  seaport  of  Albania,  on  the 
Adriatic.     The  barb,  is  shallow. 

Antoine  (St.),  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Isere.  P.  2,007.  There  are  several  vills. 
in  France  of  same  name. 

Antoine  (St.),  on  Tilly,  a  vill.  of  L. 
Canada,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  20  m.  S.W. 
Quebec. 

Antoing,  a  town  of  Belgium,  on  the 
Scheldt.     P.  2,152. 

Antongill,  a  bay,  E.  coast  Madagas- 
car, 30  m.  long,  20  m.  broad,  lat.  16°  S., 
Ion.  50°  E. 

Antonia  (St.),  a  town  of  Texas,  U.  S., 
N.  America,  on  riv.  of  same  name  near  its 
source. 

Antonin  (St.),  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Tarn-et-Garonne.     P.  2,691. 

Antonina,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the 
bay,  &  18  m.  N.W.  Paranagua.  It  has 
some  trade  in  manioc,  cordage,  &  timber. 

Antonio,  a  fort  &  harb.  of  Jamaica, 
lat.  18°  14'  40"  N. ;  Ion.  76°  31'  W.,  23  m. 
S.E.  Anottabay. 

Antonio  (Gape  St.),  the  W.  end  of  the 
isl.  of  Cuba,  lat.  21°  51'  40"  N. ;  Ion.  84° 

58'  N. II.  a  headland,  Plata  confed., 

S.  the  Plata  estuar.  Lat.  36°  20'  S. ; 
Ion.  56°  46' W. 

Antonio  (San),  or  Puerto  Magno,  a 
seaport  of  Spain,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the 
isl.  Iviza,  with  a  small  fort  which  com- 
mands the  harbor.  Exports,  fruit,  char- 
coal, &  wool.    P.  3,539. 

Antraigues,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Ardeche.  P.  1,443.  Near  this  is  the 
singular  C'hausee-des-  Geants,  formed  by 
colonnades  of  basalt,  700  yards  in  length. 

Antrim,  the  N.E.-most  co.  of  Ireland, 
Ulster,  having  N.  the  Atlantic,  E.  the  N. 
Channel  dividing  it  from  Scotland,  S.  & 
W.  the  cos.  Down  &  Londonderry;  & 
S.W.  Lough  Neagh,  separating  it  from 
cos.  Tyrone  &  Armagh.  Area,  1,164  sq. 
m.  Pop.  in  do.,  250,355,  exclusive  of  the 
towns  of  Belfast  &  Ca,rrickfergus.  The 
S.W.  boggy.  Chief  rivers,  the  Baim,  & 
the  Lagan.  The  Giant's  Causeway  is  on 
the  N.  coast.  Carrickfergus  is  the  cap., 
but  the  largest  towns  are  Belfast,  Lis- 
burn,  &   Ballymena. II.  a  town  of 


APP] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


37 


the  above  co.,  14  m.  N.W.  Belfast.  P. 
2,645. 

Antrim,  p.-t.,  Hillsborougli  co.  N".  H. 
It  has  good  water  power,  several  ponds, 
one  of  which  covers  200  acres.  P.  1,225. 
• II.  t.,  Franklin  co.  Pa.,  well  water- 
ed.   P.  4,061. 

Anteodoco,  a  town  of  Naples.  P.  2,600. 

Antwerp,  a  frontier  prov.  of  Belgium  ; 
boundaries  N.  Holland,  S.  Brabant,  E. 
Limbourg,  W.  Plaooders.  Area,  1,094  sq. 
m.  P.  391,113.  Surface  mostly  level; 
principal  rivs.  the  Scheldt,  the  Nethe,  & 
Dyle.  The  soil  is  fertile.  It  is  divided 
into  the  three  arronds.  of  Antwerp,  Mech- 
lin, &  Turnhout,  its  chief  cities ;  besides 
which,  the  towaLierre  is  in  this  province. 

II.  a  city  of  Belgium,  &  the  centre  of 

its  foreign  trade  on  the  Scheldt,  at  the  ter- 
mination of  railw.  from  Mechlin,  27  m.  N. 
Brussels.  P.  86,000.  It  has  some  noble 
streets,  a  strong  citadel  &  numerous  out- 
works, a  cathedral  &  town-hall,  an  ex- 
change among  the  finest  of  Europe,  acad- 
emies of  the  fine  arts,  pa'inting,  sciences, 
&  zoology,  schools  of  medicine  &  naviga- 
tion, botanic  garden,  public  library,  with 
15,000  vols.,  numerous  hospitals  &  asy- 
lums. Its  port  was  greatly  improved  by 
Napoleon,  who  erected  two  large  basins  ; 
&  ships  anchor  in  the  river  opposite  the 
city  in  from  32  to  40  feet  water  at  ebb 
tide.  Chief  manufs.  silk  &  cotton  hosiery, 
thread,  tape,  &  linen  cloths,  calico-print- 
ing, embroidery,  bleaching,  &  sugar-re- 
fining. Shipbuilding  is  extensively  car- 
ried on,  &  the  diamond-cutters  of  this  city 
are  celebrated.  In  the  16th  century  Ant- 
werp was  the  richest  &  most  commercial 
city  in  Europe,  &  contained  200,000  in- 
habitants. It  was  taken  by  the  Spaniards 
in  1576  &  in  1585,  &  by  the  French  in  1792 
&  1794.  It  was  the  cap.  dep.  Deux  Nethes 
under  the  domin.  of  the  French,  to  whom 
.  it  again  surrendered  Dec.  24,  1832. 

Antwerp,  Jefferson  county,  N.  Y. 
P.  3,009. 

Anunghoy,  an  isl.  of  China,  in  the  Can- 
ton riv.,  op]D.  Tycocktowisl.,  bounds  with 
Chucupee  isl.,  the  entrance  of  the  Boca 
Tigris,  on  the  E.  Its  strongholds  were 
taken  by  the  British,  Feb.  25,  1841 ;  & 
its  works  destroyed. 

Anville,  t.,  Lebanon  co.  Pa.  Consid. 
water  power.     Some  manufs.    P.  2,949. 

Anzerma,  a  town  of  New  Grenada, 
near  the  river  Cauca. 

Anzi,  a  town  of  Naples.     P.  3,297. 

Anzin,  a  town  of  FVance,  dep.  Nord, 
on  the  railway  from  Douai  to  Valenc,  1 
m.  N.W.  Valenciennes.  P.  3,132.  It  is 
the  centre  of  the  greatest  coal  works  in 


France,   &   has   iron  foundries  &  glass 
works. 

Anzo  (Porto  d'),  a  small  seaport  on 
the  Mediterr.,  34  m.  S.S.E.  Rome. 

Aosta,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  49  m. 
N.N  .W.Turin.     P.  7,120.     . 

AousTE,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Drome. 
P.  1,255. 

Apam,  a  prov.  of  Africa,  Gold  Coast, 
belonging  to  Holland,  with  the  fort  of 
Lijdzaamheit,  in  lat.  5°  12'  30"  N.;  Ion. 
0°  41'  30"  W.  P.  of  dist.  estimated  at 
350  able  to  bear  arms. 

Apari,  a  town  in  the  isl.  of  Luzon,  at 
its  N.  extremity. 

Apatin,  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the 
Danube.     P.  5,390. 

Apee,  an  island  in  the  S.  Pacific  ocean, 
New  Hebrides,  about  70  m.  S.E.  Malli- 
colo. 

Apenrade,  a  seaport  of  Schleswig,  on 
a  fiord  of  same  name  in  the  Little  Belt, 
35  m.  N.  Schleswig.  Lat.  55°  2'  46"  N. ; 
Ion.  9°  25'  12"  E.     P.  4,100. 

Apennines,  a  chain  of  mntns.  which 
traverses  the  Italian  peninsula  through- 
out its  entire  length  to  the  strait  of  Mes- 
sina. None  of  the  summits  attain  the 
limit  of  perpetual  snow,  although  snow 
lies  on  Monte  Corno  during  nine  months 
in  the  year.  The  culminating  point  is 
10,154  ft.,  but  the  chain  in  general  is  of 
much  lower  elev.  The  S.W.  part  is  vol- 
canic, comprising  Vesuvius,  &  many 
thermal  springs.  The  chain  is  chiefly 
calcareous,  primary  rocks  are  found  only 
at  tlje  two  extremities.  It  is  poor  in 
metals ;  iron  occurs  in  small  quantities,  & 
extens.  saliferous  depots  occur  near  Co- 
senza;  but  the  celeb,  marble  of  Carrara, 
Serravezza,  &  Sienna  constitutes  the  chief 
riches  of  the  Apennines.  Below  3,200  ft. 
in  elev.,  the  flanks  of  the  princip.  chain 
are  covered  with  a  varied  vegetation,  of 
which  the  orange,  citron,  olive,  &  palm 
form  the  lower  zone ;  but  forests  are 
rare  in  the  Apennines.  Above  3,200  ft. 
the  mntns.  are  generally  arid  &  devoid 
of  vegetation. 

Apice,  a  town  of  Naples.     P.  3,000. 

Apolda,  a  town  of  Saxe-Weimar.  P. 
4,000. 

Apollonia,  several  ruined  cities  of 
antiquity. 

Apolobamba,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  165 
m.  N.  La  Paz,  on  a  tributary  of  the  Beni. 

Appalachicola,  Bay,  Florida. II. 

port  of  entry  &  cap.  of  Franklin  co. 
Florida,  on  a  bluff  at  the  mouth  of  riv. 
of  same  name.  Lt  is  a  cotton  mart.  Ton- 
nage,  205,036. III.   riv.  formed  by 

union  of  Chattahoochee  &  Flint  rs.,  which 


38 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY, 


[ara 


unite  in  6a.  Whole  surface  drained  by 
this  riv.  &  branches,  20,000  sq.  m. 

AppANOosE,anewco.of  lovTa.  P.  3,131. 

Apple  riv.,  Illinois,  45  m.  long. 

Appledohe,  a  small  seaport,  Engl.,  co. 
Devon. 

Appling  co.  Georgia,  S.  part  of  the 
state,  on  Ockmulgee  riv.  Area,  1,600 
sq.  m.,  drained  by  Santilla  riv.,  cap. 
Holmesville.   Soil  light.    Common  prod. 

of  the  climate.     P.  2,949. II.  C.  H. 

cap.  Columbia  co.  Ga. 

Appolonia,  a  petty  kingdm.  of  Africa, 
on  the  coast  of  Guinea,  about  lat.  5°  N., 
&  betw.  Ion.  2°  20'  &  3°  20'  W.  P.  estim. 
at  30,000. 

Appomatox,  riv.  Va.,  br.  of  the  James. 
120  m.  long. II.  a  co.of  Va.    P.  9, 193. 

Appoquinimink,  hund.,  Newcastle  co. 
Del.     P.  3,075. 

Aphicena  &  ApRiGLiAiro,  two  towns 
of  Naples ;  the  former  with  4.560  inhabs. ; 
the  latter  1,000.^ 

Apsheron,  a  penins.,  Russian  dom., 
Georgia,  extends  40  m.  into  the  Caspian 
sea,  and  terminates  in  C.  Apsheron,  lat. 
40°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  50°  20'  E.  Its  soil  is 
famous  as  the  place  of  the  sacred  flame, 
venerated  by  the  fire-worshippers  of 
Asia.  About  237,000  poods  of  black 
naphtha,  &  864  do.  of  white  naphtha,  are 
obtained  annually  in  this  peninsula,  be- 
sides saffron,  madder,  &  salt. 

Apsley  (River),  E.  Australia,  N.  of 

the    colony   of  New   South   Wales. 

(Strait),  Timor  sea,  is  betw.  Melv'le  &  Ba- 
thurst  isls.,  off  the  N.  coast  of  Australia. 

Apt,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Vaucluse. 
P.  4,377. 

Apulia,  an  anc.  prov.  of  S.  Italy. 

Apuhe,  a  riv.  Columbia,  rises  in  the 
Andes  of  New  Grenada,  near  lat.  7°  N., 
joius  the  Orinoco  in  lat.  7°  40'  N.,  &  Ion. 

66°  45'  W. The  Apunmac  riv.,  Peru, 

is  a  head  stream  of  the  Ucayale. 

AauAMBO,  a  country  of  Up.  Guinea,  E. 
of  the  riv.Volta,  with  atownof  same  name. 

AauAPiM,  a  mar.  state  of  Up.  Guinea, 
in  about  lat.  6°  N.,  &  Ion.  0°,*having  S. 
the  gulf  of  Guinea. 

Aquara,  a  vill.  of  Naples.  ,  P.  2,030. 

AduiLA,  an  epis.  city  of  Naples,  58  m. 
N.E.  Rome.  P.  8,000.  One  of  the  best 
built  &,  most  commercial  cities  in  the 
kngdm. 

Aquileja,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  at  the 
head  of  the  Adriatic,  22  m.  AV.N.W.  Tri- 
est.  P.  1,600.  In  the  time  of  the  Ro- 
mans, this  was  the  centre  of  commerce 
betw.  the  N.  &  S.  of  Europe. 

AauiNO,  a  tovvn  &  bishop's  see  of  Na- 
ples.   P.  1,100. 


Arabat,  a  fortress  of  the  Crimea,  on 
the  sea  of  Azov,  70  m.  E.N.E.  Simferopol. 

Arabgir,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on 
the  route  betw.  Trebizond  &  Aleppo,  135 
m.  S.S.W.  Trebizond.  It  is  enclosed  by  a 
forest  of  fruit-trees,  &  is  reputed  to  have 
6,000  houses,  4,800  being  occup.  by  Mo- 
hammedans, &  1,200  by  Armenians. 

Arabia,  the  most  W.  of  the  three  great 
peninsulas  of  S.  Asia,  betw.  lat.  12°  40'  & 
34°  N.,  &  Ion.  32°  30'  &  60°  E. ;  bounded 
N.  by  Turkey  in  Asia,  E.  by  the  Persian 
gulf  &  the  gulf  of  Oman,  S.  by  the  gulf 
of  Oman  &  the  Indian  ocean,  &  W.  by  the 
Red  sea.  On  the  N.E.  it  is  connec.  with 
Egypt  by  the  isthmus  of  Suez,  &  is  divided 
in  two  parts  by  the  Tropic  of  Cancer. 
Length  from  N.  to  S.  about  1,500  m.  j 
aver,  breadth,  800  m.  P.  estim.  from 
7,000,000  to  12,000,000.  Ptolemy  subdiv. 
the  country  into  A.  Petrcca,  A.  Felix,  & 
Arabia  Deserta;  but  this  partition  is  un- 
known to  the  inhabs.  All  N.  from  Heijaz 
to  the  Euphrates,  is  a  continuous  plain  of 
moving  sands,  &  a  similar  region  occupies 
most  of  the  S.  half  of  the  peninsula ; 
mntn.  ranges  in  various  direc.  traverse 
the  central  plateau,  &  the  S.E.  coast  is 
lined  by  mntns.  of  5,000  ft.  in  elevation  ; 
the  shores  are  generally  bare  &  uninviting, 
&  a  deficiency  of  water  is  almost  univer- 
sal ;  but  wherever  a  small  riv.  irrigates 
the  soil,  there  is  luxuriant  vegetation.  The 
dry  season  is  prolonged  during  the  entire 
year  in  the  level  parts ;  &  the  rainy  season, 
which  in  general  lasts  from  the  middle  of 
June  to  the  end  of  Sept.,  &  in  Oman  from 
Nov.  to  the  middle  of  Feb.,  occurs  only  in 
Dec.  &  Jan.  in  the  N.  deserts.  The  heat 
is  excessive  in  the  plains,  but  temperate 
in  the  mntns.  regions  of  Yemen  &  Hadra- 
maut,  &  the  winters  are  rigorous  in  the 
elevated  regions  of  Nedj^d.  The  Simoom 
or  Samiel,  the  hot  wind  of  the  desert, 
blows  from  the  interior  towards  the  coast 
in  all  direct's.  Vegetable  products  com- 
prise maize,  wheat,  barley,  millet,  indigo, 
tobacco,  the  finest  coffee,  cotton,  sugar, 
spices,  tamarinds,  dates,  &  numrs.  other 
fruits,  balm,  acacia,  &  various  gums,  res- 
ins, &  drugs.  Some  valuable  woods  are 
produced,  but  Arabia  has  no  forest.  The 
horse  forms  an  import,  branch  of  traffic; 
the  camel  is  the  principal  beast  of  burden, 
&  oxen,  sheep,  goats,  &  buffaloes  are  the 
other  domestic  animals.  Mineral  products 
are  onyx,  emerald,  basalt,  blue  alabaster, 
iron,  &  silver.  The  inhabs.  settled  around 
the  coast  appear  to  have  a  distinct  origin 
from  the  Bedwins  or  true  Arabs.  The 
Wahabees,  who  form  a  distinct  sect  of 
Mohammedans,  occupy  the  interior  of  the 


aba] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


S9 


country.  Their  cap.  is  at  Der'ayyah. 
Agricul.  processes  are  very  rude,  & 
manufs.  perhaps  at  a  lower  ebb  than  in 
any  other  semi-civilized  country.  Holy 
cities,  Mecca  &  Medina.  Mocha  &  Loheia 
are  centres  of  a  large  coffee  trade.  Mus- 
cat has  lately  risen  to  eminence  as  an 
entrepot  for  the  trade  with  India  &  the 
Persian  gulf,  &  dows  or  ships  of  a  superior 
kind  are  built  there,  which  occasionally 
perform  voyages  to  India.  Jiddah  or 
Djidda,  the  port  of  Mecca,  is  the  other 
principal  commerc.  town. 

Aracan,  a  Brit.  prov.  of  Further  In- 
diai,  presid.  Bengal,  extending  along  the 
B.  side  of  the  bay  of  Bengal,  betw.  lat. 
16°  &  22°  30'  N.,  &  Ion.  92°  &  94°  E., 
having  E.  the  Burmese  dom.,  from  which 
it  is  separated  by  a  high  mntn.  range,  & 
N.  the  Brit.  dist.  Chittagong.  Area 
estim.  at  16,500  sq.  m.  P.  247,765.  Coast 
swampy ;  but  there  are  many  good  har- 
bors &  large  isls.  Chief  rivs.  the  Aracan, 
Myoo,  Aeng,  &  Sandoway.  Forests  very 
extensive.  Chief  products,  rice,  indigo, 
cotton,  timber,  salt,  oil,  buffalo  hides  & 
horns,  ivory,  tobacco,  silk,  &  fruits  ;  iron, 
coal,  &  naphtha  are  found  along  the 
coast. — Aracan,  the  cap.  is  situated  on  a 
branch  of  the  Kuladyne  riv.,  50  m.  from 
the  bay  of  Bengal. — Aracan  or  Kladyne 
river,  rises  in  the  Burmese  dom.,  &  after 
a  course  of  200  m.,  enters  the  bay  of 
Bengal,  15  m.  N.E.  Akyab,  navig.  for 
vessels  of  250  tons  burden. 

Aeacati,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the 
Jaguaribe,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Atlan- 
tic.    P.  1,600. 

Aracena,  a  town  of  Spain.     P.  4,370. 

Arad  (Old),  a  city  of  Hungary,  on  the 
Maros,  59  m.  E.S.B.  Szegedin,  cap.  co., 
with  a  citadel,  &  17,135  inhabs.,  inelud. 
many  opulent  Jews.  It  is  a  Greek 
bishop's  see,  &  the  greatest  cattle  mrkt. 
•  in  Hungary. 

Arad  (New),  a  town  of  Hungary,  op- 
posite Old  Arad.     P.  4,000. 

Aragon  (Kingdom  of),  one  of  the 
provs.  into  which,  previous  to  1833,  the 
Spanish  monarchy  was  divided,  is  situat. 
at  the  N.E.  of  the  peninsula.  P.  596,066, 
cap.  Saragossa.  It  is  divided  into  the 
provs.  9f  Huesca,  Teruel,  &  Saragossa. 
The  kgdm.  of  Aragon  was  founded  in 
1034,  &  was  united  to  the  crown  of  Cas- 
tile by  Ferdinand  the  Catholic,  who  mar- 
ried Isabella  in  1474. 

Aragon  (Riv.  of),  a  riv.  of  Spain, 
>7hich  rises  in  the  Pyrenees,  &  joins  the 
Ubro,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  80  m. 

Aragon    (Imp.    Canal   of),     Spain, 

jragon,  extends  in  the  direction  Of  the 


Ebro,  from  Tudela,  to  near  Sastago  & 
Tauste.  Length  opened,  80  m. ;  average 
width,  69  ft. ;  depth,  9  ft.  It  is  mostly 
lined  by  massive  high  walls,  is  navig.  for 
boats  of  from  60  to  80  tons,  &  crosses  tha 
Jalon  riv.  by  an  aqueduct  4,300  ft.  long. 

Aragona,  a  town  of  Sicily.    P.  6,530. 

Araguaya,  a  large  riv.  of  Brazil, 
rises  in  lat.  18°  10'  S. ;  Ion.  51°  30'  W. ; 
flows  N.-ward,  &  joins  the  Tocantins  at 
San  Joao,  after  a  course  of  at  least  1,000 
m.,  about  the  middle  of  which  it  separates 
into  2  arms,  inclosing  the  isl.  Santa  Anna, 
200  m.  in  length. 

Aral,  an  inland  sea  of  Asia,  Kirghiz 
territ.,  betw.  lat.  43°  &  47°  N.,  &  Ion.  58° 
&  61°  30'  E.,  &  the  most  extens.  lake  in 
the  E.  hemisphere  next  to  the  Caspian. 
Area,  23,300  sq.  m.  Estim.  height  above 
the  Caspian,  117  ft.  It  is  shallow,  con- 
tains numrs.  isls.,  &  has  no  outlet. 

Aramon,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Gard. 
P.  2,640. 

Aranda-de-duero,  a  town  of  Spain, 
48  m.  S.  Burgos.     P.  4,122. 

Aranjuez,  a  town  &  royal  resid.  of 
Spain,  on  the  Tagus,  28  m.  S.S.E.  Madrid. 
P.  3,639. 

Aransas,  a  seaport  of  Texas,  co.  Re- 
fugio, on  a  headland  projecting  into  the 
bay  of  Aransas,  about  75  m.  S.W.  Mata- 
gorda. 

AsANYOs,  a  riv.  of  Transylv. II.  a 

town  of  Hungary.     P.  1,800. 

Ararat,  Mount,  a  famous  mntn.  of 
Armenia,  &  the  culminating  point  of  "W. 
Asia,  at  the  junction  of  the  Russian, 
Turkish,  &  Persian  empires.  Lat.  of 
princip.  summit,  39°  42'  N.;  Ion.  44°  35'  E. 
The  N.W.  peak  is  17,210  ft.  above  the  sea. 

Aras,  a  riv.  of  Armenia,  rises  near 
lat.  41°  30'  N.,  &  Ion.  41°  10'  E. :  flows 
eastward,  dividing  the  territories  of 
Russia  &  Persia,  &,  joins  the  Kur,  within 
the  Russn.  dom.,  60  m.  W.  of  its  mouth 
in  the  Caspian.  Total  course  upward 
of  500  m.,  very  rapid,  but  often  fordable. 

Aratica,  one  of  the  Society  isls.  in 
lat.  15°  26'  S. ;  Ion.  145°  39'  46"  W.,  & 
8  m.  in  length  by  5  m.  across. 

Araucania,  an  indep.  territ.  of  S. 
Amer.,  betw.  lat  37°  &  39°  S.,  &  Ion.  70° 
&  75°  W.,  having  E.  the  Andes,  W.  the 
Pacific  ocean,  &  N.  &  S.  the  territ.  of 
Chile.  Estim.  area,  28,000  sq.  m.  Sur- 
face mntnous.  Chf.  rivs.,  the  Biobio  on 
the  IST.,  &  the  Valdivia  on  the  S.  frontier. 
No  aboriginal  race  in  America  has  so 
boldly  &  successfully  resisted  Europeans 
as  the  Araucanians,  who  are  still  indep. 
of  the  Chileans,  though  the  latter  claim 
the  nominal  sovereignty  of  their  country. 


40 


CYCLOPEDIA    Of    GEOGRAPHY. 


[arc 


possessed  various  useful  arts  before  their 
intercourse  with  the  Spaniards.  The 
country  is  divided  into  4  tetrarchies  or 
districts,  each  having  a  governor.  Their 
form  of  government  is  amixture  of  de- 
mocracy &  aristocracy. 

Arauco,  a  marit.  fortress  of  Chile,  on 
the  bay  of  Arauco,  35  m.  S.S.W.  Concep- 
cion,  built  to  restrain   the  incursions  of 

the  Araucanians. II.   a  dist.  of    the 

dep.  La  Rioja,  Plata  Confed. 

Arbe,  the  most  N.  of  the  Dalmatian 
isls.,  on  the  coast  of  Croatia.  Lat.  44° 
47'  N.;  Ion.  14°  51'  E.  P.  3,500.  The 
town  Arbe,  on  its  S.  coast,  has  1,100 
inhabs.,  &  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Arbil,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  40 
ra.  E.  Mosul.     P.  6,000. 

Arbus,  a  vill.,  isl.  of  Sardinia.  P.  2,860. 

Arboga,  a  town  of  Sweden.  P.  1,747. 
— The  Arboga  canal  unites  the  lakes 
Mffilar  &  Hielmar. 

Arbois,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Jura. 
P.  6,370. 

Arbon,  a  town  of  cant.  Thurgau,  15 
m.  S.E.  Constance,  on  its  lake,  with  1,000 
inhabs. 

Arbos,  a  town  of  Spain.     P.  1,200. 

Arbroath,  a  seaport  of  Scotl.,  co. 
Forfar,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Brothwick, 
in  the  North  sea,  16  m.  N.E.  Dundee. 

Arcachon(Bassin  d'),  abayofFrance, 
on  the  coast  of  the  dep.  Gironde.  On 
its  S.  side  is  the  Port  de  la  Teste,  which 
communicates  by  raihv.  with  Bordeaux. 

Arcadia,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.  N.  Y.  The 
vill.  is  on  the  Erie  canal.  2  acaJ.  P. 
4,980. 

Arc-en-Barrois,  a  town  of  France, 
dep.  II.  Marne.     P.  1,536. 

Arce,  a  town  of  Naples.     P.  4,356. 

Arcene,  a  vill.  of  Lombardy.    P.  1,250. 

Archaig  (Loch),  a  beautiful  lake  of 
Scotl.,  CO.  Inverness.    Length  about  17  m. 

Archangel,  a  gov.  in  the  N.E.  of 
European  Russia,  comprising  most  part 
of  Buss.  Lapland,  &  all  the  country  W. 
of  the  Ural  mntns.,.&  N.  of  the  govs.  Vo- 
logda &  Olonetz,  with  the  isls.  Waigatz, 
Dolgoi,  &  Novaia-Zemlia  ;  &  having  W. 
Olonetz,  TJleaborg,  &  Lapland,  &  N.  the 
White  sea  &  Arctic  ocean.  Estiui.  area, 
322,500  sq.  m.,  &  p.  253,000.  It  nearly 
surrounds  the  White  sea,  &  is  watered  by 
the  rivs.  Petchora,  Mezen,  Dwina,  Onega, 
Pinega,  Outcha,  &c.  In  the  N.  the  rivs. 
are  ice-bound  from  Oct.  to  May.  Sur- 
face mntnous.  in  the  N.,  flat  &  marshy 
iu  the  S.,  &  abounding  in  excellent 
pasturage.  A^'ery  little  corn  is  raised, 
but  a  good  dea,l  of  hemp  &  flax.  Forests 
very  extensive  ;  &  the  inhabs.  are  mostly 


occupied  in  hunting  &  fishing.  Near 
Kholmagory  excellent  cattle  are  reared  ; 
&  around  Archangel  they  manuf.  coarse 
linens,  &  engage  in  ship-building.  The 
p.)  originally  Finnish,  is  now  mostly 
Russian  :  the  Samoyedes  in  the  N.E. 
number  only  from  6,000  to  7,000  persons. 
Chf.  towns.  Archangel  the  cap.,  Chen- 
koursk,  Onega,  Mezen,  Cola,  Pinega, 
&  Kholmogory,  each  of  which  gives  name 

to  a  district. -II.  an   archp.  cap.  gov. 

of  same  name,  on  the  Dwina,  near  its 
mouth,  in  the  White  sea,  &  in  lat.  64° 
32'  8"  N. ;  Ion.  40°  33'  E.  P.  25,000. 
It  is  built  of  wood.  Archangel  is  the 
seat  of  a  dep.  of  the  Russian  military 
marine,  &  has  exteu.  commerce  &  herring 
fishing.  Owing  to  the  rigor  of  the  climate, 
its  port  is  open  only  from  July  to  Sept. 

Archangelsk  (Malo),  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia in  Europe,  85  m.  S.E.  Orel.  P.  1,500. 
II.  gov.  Olonetz. 

Archena,  a  town  of  Spain. 

Archer,  p-t.,  Harrison  co.  Ohio.  P. 
1,012. 

Archidona,  a  town  of  Spain,  33  m. 

N.  Malaga.     P.  7,611. II.  a  town  of 

Ecuador,  90  m.  E.S.E.  Quito. 

Archipelago,  a  term  formerly  ap- 
plied exclusively  to  the  isls.  of  the  Egean 
sea.  but  now  to  any  collection  of  contigu- 
ous isls.  The  Grecian  archip.  consists  of 
all  the  isls.  betw.  continental  Greece  & 
Asia  Minor,  belonging  partly  to  the 
kgdm.  of  Greece,  &  partly  to  Turkey, 
the  principal  being  Naxos,  Paros,  Milo, 
Tinos,  Lemnos,  Thasos,  Mytilene,  Scio, 
Cos,  &  Rhodes.  For  the  other  archips., 
see  their  several  prefixes,  as  the  Asiatic 
or  Eastern  Archip.,  the  Mergui  Archip., 
&c. 

Arcis-sur-Aube,  a  town  of  France. 
P.  2,665. 

Aeco,  a  town  of  Tyrol.     P.  2,100. 

Arcola,  a  town  of  Piedmont.  P. 
2,350. 

Arcole,  a  vill.  of  Italy,  15  ra.  E.S.E. 
Verona,  on  the  Alpone,  an  aflS.  of  the 
Adige.  P.  1,600.  Arcole  is  celeb,  for 
the  victory  gained  by  Napoleon  over  the 
Austrians,  17th  Nov.  1796. 

Arcos   de    la    Frontera,    town    of 

Spain,  29  m.  N.E.  Cadiz,  on  an  elevated 

rock  near  the  rt.  b.  of  the   Guadelete. 

P.  11,272.      There  are   several  vills.  in 

j  Spain  &  Portugal  named  Arcos. 

Arcot  (North  &  South),  two  contig. 
marit.  dists.  of  British  India,  presid. 
Madras,  comprising  the  whole  country 
frcm  Coleroon  river  on  the  S.  to  the 
frontier  of  the  .Nellore  dist.,  with  the 
exception    of    the  Chingleput  district, 


aed] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


41 


Ij'ing  round  Madras.  United  area,  12,700 
sq.  m.  P.  1,057,000.  Chief  city  &  towns, 
Arcot,  Vellore,  &  Cuddalore. 

Arcs  (Les),  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Var. 
P.  1,910. 

Arctias,  a  small  isl.  of  the  Black  sea, 
off  the  coast  of  Asia  Minor. 

Arctic  Highlands,  a  region  of  N. 
America,  between  Hudson  sea  &  the 
mouth  of  the  Mackenzie  ri^er.  The  E. 
portion  rises  steep  from  the  shore,  the 
interior  is  unknown,  &  the  W.  portion  is 
called  the  "  Barren  Grounds."  The 
whole  region  is  nearly  destitute  of  wood, 
but  its  surface  is  covered  by  low  hills. 

Arctic  Ocean,  is  that  part  of  the 
ocean  which  extends  from  the  Arctic 
circle,  lat.  66°  30'  N.,  to  the  N.  pole ;  it 
bathes  the  whole  of  the  N.  coasts  of  Eu- 
rope, Asia,  &  America,  &  commun.  on 
the  N.W.  of  Europe  with  the  Atlantic ; 
on  the  N.E.  of  Asia  with  the  Pacific  by 
Behring  strait.  It  forms  the  White  sea 
in  Europe,  &  the  gulfs  of  Kara,  Obi,  & 
Yenisei,  in  Siberia ;  in  N.  Amer.,  where 
it  takes  the  name  of  the  Polar  sea,  it 
forms  Baffin  bay.  The  principal  rivs. 
which  flow  into  the  Arctic  ocean  are  the 
Obi,  Yenisei,  Anbara,  Lena,  &  Kolima, 
in  Asia,  &  the  Mackenzie,  in  Amer.  Its 
chief  isls.  are  Spitzbergen,  the  Loifoden 
isls.,  Kalgouef,  Waigatz,  &  Novaia-Zem- 
lia,  in  Europe ;  the  isls.  of  New  Siberia 
in  Asia,  &  the  polar  archipelago  in  Amer. 
During  winter,  ice  extends  in  every  direc- 
tion round  the  pole,  covering  a  space  of 
"rom  3,000  to  4,000  m.  in  diam. ;  &  even 
during  the  4  months  of  summer,  the  sur- 
face of  this  sea  is  at  the  freezing  point. 
Icebergs  &  fields  of  ice  are  continually 
drifting  southwards  into  the  Atlantic  ; 
the  former  sometimes  extending  to  100 
m.  in  length,  &  from  25  to  30  m.  in  diam- 
eter. Sir  E.  Parry,  in  1827  penetrated 
as  far  N.  as  lat.  82°  45'  15",  which  is, 
doubtless,  the  highest  lat.  yet  attained  in 
this  ocean.  The  last  expedition  sent  out 
in  search  of  a  N.W.  passage  through  the 
polar  seas,  was  commanded  by  Sir  John 
Franklin,  who  sailed  from  England  in 
1845  with  two  ships,  the  Erebus  &  Terror, 
&  who  has  not  since  been  heard  of.  Sev- 
eral expeditions  have  been  despatched  in 
search  of  the  missing  navigator,  &  among 
the  rest,  the  Advance  &  Rescue,  two  ves- 
sels fitted  out  in  New  York  by  .the  munifi- 
cence of  Henry  Grinnell,  Esq.,  but  none 
of  them  have  been  successful. 

Arcueil,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Seine. 
P.  2,174. 

Ardatov,  two,  towns  of  Russia. 1. 

gov.   Simbirsk,    14   m.   W.  Alatyr.     P. 


3,872. II.  gov.  &  85  m.  S.W.  Nijnii 

Novgorod. 

Ardeche,  a  riv.  of  France,  rises  in  the 
Cevennes,  flows  S.E.-ward,  &  joins  the 
Rhone  after  a  course  of  40  m.,  for  the  last 

8  of  which  it  is  navigable. II.  a  dep. 

in  the  S.E.  of  France,  cap.  Privas.  Area, 
538,988  hectares.  P.  386,505.  Chief 
rivers,  the  Rhone  forming  its  B,  bound- 
ary ;  the  Loire,  Cance,  Doux,  Erieux,  & 
Ardeche,  all  afBs.  of  the  Rhone.  Surface 
mntnous.,  rich  in  iron,  antimony,  coal, 
&c.  Corn  deficient,  but  wine  abundant, 
as  well  as  chestnuts  &  olives.  The  dep. 
is  divided  into  the  arrond.  of  Privas,  Lar- 
gentiere,  &  Tournon. 

Ardee,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  Louth, 
on  the  Deo,  12  m.  N.W.  Drogheda.  P. 
3,679.  It  consists  mostly  of  wretched 
cabins. 

Ardelan,  adist.  of  Persia.  Chief  towns, 
Senna,  &  Kumansha. 

Ardennes  (forest  of),  a  vast  system  of 
heights  &  forests,  embracing  part  of  Bel- 
gium, the  gd.  duchy  of  low.  Rhine,  & 
the  N.  of  France. 

Ardennes,  a  frontier  dep.,  N.E.  of 
France,  named  from  the  mntns.  &  wooded 
country  of  which  it  forms  a  part.  Area, 
517,385  hectares.  P.  331,296.  Rivs.  the 
Mouse  &  its  aflls.,  the  Bar,  the  Vence, 
&  Sermone  ;  the  Aisne  &  its  aflls.,  the 
Aire,  the  Vaux,  &  the  Retourne.  Cli- 
mate, cold  &  humid :  soil  mntnous.  <fc 
contains  iron  mines,  slate  &  marble  quar- 
ries, potter's  clay,  &  sand.  Abundance 
of  corn,  cider,  &  beer,  but  little  wine. 
Industry  very  active  in  iron  ware.  Ar- 
dennes is  divided  into  the  arronds.  of 
Mezieres,  Rethel,  Rocroy,  Sedan,  &  Vou- 
ziers,  its  chf.  towns.  The  Canal  of  Ar- 
dennes connects  the  Aisne  with  the  Mouse. 

ArdentesS.  Martin,  a  vill.  of  France, 

dep.  Indre.     P.  1,054.- -11.  St.  Vincent, 

cap.  cant.,  on  the  Indre,  5J  m.  S.E.  Chii- 
teauroux.     P.  2,162. 

Ardes,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Puy-de- 
DOme.  P.  1,793.  It  has  an  active  com- 
merce. 

Ahdesio,  vill.  of  Lombardy.    P.  1,800. 

Akdglass,  a  seaport  of  Ireland,  co. 
Down,  on  the  Irish  sea.     P.  1,066. 

Ardillats  (Les),  a  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Rhone.     P.  1,112. 

Ardmore,  a  marit.  town  of  Ireland, 
CO.  AVaterford.  P.  716,  mostly  employed' 
in  fishing. 

Ardnaglass  Bay,  an  inlet,  W.  coast 
of  Ireland,  co.  Sligo,  extends  inland  6  m. 

Ardore,  a  town  of  Naples.     P.  2,400. 

Ardoye,  a  town  of  Belgium,  16  m. 
S.W.  Bruges.     P.  7,643. 


42 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[arg 


Ardres,  a  town  of  Trance,  dep.  Pas- 
de-Calais.    P.  1,129. 

Ardrossan,  a  seaport  of  Scotland,  on 
the  firth  of  Clyde.  P.  2,141.  It  is  a 
fashionable  bathing-place. 

Ahecife,  a  seaport  of  the  Canaries 
cap.  isl.  Lanzarote  on  its  S.E.  coast.  P. 
2,500. 

Arena,  a  town  of  Piedmont.    P.  3,090. 

II.  a  town  of  Naples.     P.  2,000. 

Arendal,  a  seaport  of  Norway,  in  the 

Skager-rack,  35  m.  N.E.  Christiansand. 

P.  3,229,    Near  it  are  extens.  iron  mines. 

Arendonck,  a  town  of  Belgium.     P. 

3,230. 

Arendseb,  a  town  of  Prussia.  P. 
2,016. 

Arensburg,  cap.  isl.  Oesel,  on  its  S. 
coast,  in  the  gulf  of  Riga.  P.  1,600. 
Its  harb.  being  shallow,  vessels  anchor  at 
the  "Kettle,"  5  m.  W.  the  town. 

Arenys  de  Mar,  a  seaport  of  Spain, 
on  the  Mediterr.,  25  m.  N.E.  Barcelona. 

P.  4,784, II.   (dt  Munt)  a  little  N. 

the  foregoing.     P.  1,233. 

Arenzano,  Tillage  of  Sardinian  states. 
P.  3,250. 

Arequipa,  the  most  S.  dep.  of  Peru, 
extending  along  the  Pacific,  betw.  lat. 
15°  &  21°  S.,  &  Ion.  69°  &  75°  W.,  hav- 
ing N.  the  deps.  Lima,  Ayacucho,  & 
Puno,  &  E.  &  S.  Bolivia,  &  subdivided 
into  7  provs.  Chief  products,  silver, 
copper,  cotton,  wool,  sugar,  &  nitre. 
Chief  towns,  Arequipa,  Arioa,  &  Camana. 
Arequipa,  the  cap.  of  this  depart.  &  chf. 
city  of.  S.  Peru,  is  sit.  in  an  extensive 
vale  in  the  Andes,  200  m.  S.S.W.  Cuzoo, 
founded  by  order  of  Pizarro  in  1536. 
P.  estim.  at  from  30,000  to  40,000. 
Having  suffered  often  &  severely  from 
earthquakes,  its  houses  are  low,  & 
strongly  built  of  stone.  It  has  a  ca- 
•  thedral,  numerous  convents,  a  college, 
workho.,  a  bridge  over  the  Chila,  &  a 
bronze  fountain  in  its  great  square  ;  with 
manufs.  of  woollen  &  cotton  fabrics,  & 
stufis  of  gold  and  silver. 

Arequipa  (Volcano  of),  the  most 
celeb,  volcano  of  the  Ancles  next  to  Co- 
topaxi,  is  in  Peru,  dep.  &  about  14  m. 
B.  Arequipa.     Height  18,300  ft. 

Ares,  a  seaport  of  Spain,  9  m.  N.E. 
Coruna.  P.  1,850,  chiefly  occupied  in 
fishing. 

Arette,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Lr. 
Pyrenees.     P.  1,172. 

Arevalo,  a  town  of  Spain.     P.  2,201. 
Arezzo,  a  city  of  Tuscany,  38  m.  S.E. 
Florence.    P.  10,402.     Its  walls  are  evi- 
dently Etruscan,  &  it  abounds  in  archit. 
rems.  of  the  middle  ages.* 


Arg.s:us,  Mount,  the  loftiest  mntn.  of 
Asia  Minor,  pash.  Karamania.  Circum- 
ference estim.  at  60  m.,  area  at  300  sq. 
m.,  &  height  at  13,100  ft.  It  is  isolated, 
except  on  the  S.E.  side,  where  it  is  con- 
nected with  a  branch  of  the  Taurus 
chain.  Its  flanks  are  studded  all  round 
with  volcanic  cones.  The  lower  line  of 
perpetual  snow  is  elev.  10,700  feet. 

Arganda  del  Ret,  a  town  of  Spain. 
P.  2,772. 

Arganil,  a  town  of  Portugal.  P.  3,000. 

Argaum,  a  vill.  of  Central  India,  Be- 
rar  dom.,  38  m.W.S.W.EUichpoor.  Here 
the  troops  under  the  Duke  of  Welling- 
ton (then  Gen.  Wellesley)  totally  de- 
feated the  Nagpoor  forces,  Nov.  28, 1803. 

Argeles,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Pyrer 

nees    Orient.      P.  1,718. II.    a  vill., 

dep.  E.  Pyrenees.     P.  2,136. 

Argenta,  a  town  of  Pontif.  sta.  P. 
2,600. 

Argentan,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Orne.     P.  4,760. 

Argentaria,  a  small  rocky  isl.  of  the 
Grecian  archipelago. 

ArgentAro  (Mount),  a  mntn.  prom- 
ontory, at  the  S.  extremity  of  Tuscany. 
Lat.  42°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  11°  10'  E.;  cul- 
minating point,  1,700  feet  in  elevation. 

Argentat,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Correze.     P.  2,076. 

Argenteuil,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Seine-et-Oise.     P.  4,569. 

Argentiere  (L'),  a  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Haute  Alps.     P.  1,233. 

Argentine  Republic,  S.  Amer.  [La 
Plata.] 

Argenton-sur-Creuse,  a  town  of 
France,  dep.  Indre.     P.  3,995. 

Argentre,   two  vills.  of  France. 

I.  dep.   Ille-et-Vilaine.      P.  1,970. 

II.  (sous    Laval),   dep.   Mayenne.      P. 
1,591. 

Argiko-Kastro,  a  town,  Europ.  Tur- 
key, 50  m.  S.E.  Avlona,  with  a  fort. 
P.  4,000. 

Argo,  an  island  in  the  Nile,  Nubia 
Length,  N.  to  S.  25  m. ;  breadth  5  m. 

Argol,  a  vill.   of  France,  dep.  Finis- 

terre. II.  a  hamlet,  dep.  Pinisterre, 

arrond.  Brest,  with  a  small  harbor  on 

the   German   ocean. III.  town,  dep. 

Deux-Sevres. 

Ahgolis,  a  depart,  of  the  kingdom  of 
Greece,  Morea,  cap.  Nauplia. 

Argos,  a  town  of  Greece,  dep.  Argolis. 
P.  8,000. 

Argostoli,  cap.  isl.  of  Cephalonia  on 
its  S.W.  side,  with  an  excellent  port  in 
the  gulf  of  Argostoli,  lat.  38°  10'  N. ; 
Ion.  19°  59'  3"  E.    P.  5,000. 


ark] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


4a 


Argouges,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Manche.     P.  1,576. 

Arguenon,  a  river  of  France,  falls 
into  English  channel  10  m.  W.S.  Male, 
navig.  4  m.  from  its  mouth. 

Arguin,  a  small  isl.  about  8  m.  from 
the  W.  coast  of  Africa.  Lat.  20°  27'  N. ; 
Ion.  16°  37'  W.  It  is  from  30  to  40  m. 
long  &  1  m.  broad.  P.  60.  The  dan- 
gerous bank  of  Arguin  exteniis  N.  to  S. 
through    li    deg.  of  lat.   from  near  C. 

Blanco  to  C.  Mirik. II.   a  town,  W. 

Africa,  on  the  coast,  S.E.  Cape  Blanco. 

Argun,  two  rivers,  Russian  dom. 

I.  Circassia. II.  gov.  Irkutsk.      Ar- 

gunsk  is  a  palisaded  fort  of  Kussia,  gov. 
Irkutsk. 

Abgyle,  a  marit.  co.  of  Scotl.,  on  its 
W.  side,  greatly  indented  by  arms  of  the 
sea,  &  having  N.  Inverness-shire,  E.  the 
COS.  Perth  &  Dumbarton,  &  on  W.  &  S. 
sides  the  Atlantic  &  Irish  channel.  It  in- 
cludes the  isls.  of  Mull,  Islay,  Jura,  Ti- 
ree,  Coll,  lona,  &c.  Area  about  3,180 
sq.  m.,  of  which  2,735  sq.  m.  belong  to  the 
mainland,  &  1,063  sq.  m.  to  the  islands. 

P. .      Surface    mostly   rugged   & 

mountainous.  Great  numbers  of  cattle 
are  reared  here  for  export.     Chf.  towns 

Inverary,  Campbelton,  &  Oban. II.  a 

CO.  of  N.  S.  Wales,  mostly  betw.  lat.  34°  & 
35°  S.,  &  Ion.  149°  &  150°  E.,  enclosed  by 
the  cos.  Oamden.  Georgiana,  S.  Vincent, 
King,  &  Murray.     Its  rivs.  are  aflSs.  of 

the  Warragamba.   P.  5,000. III.  p.-t., 

"Washington  co.  N.  Y.  It  has  the  v.  on 
MadeskUl.  Manuf.  of  woollens  &  leather. 
P.  3,111. 

Argvro-Kastro,  a  town  of  Albania. 
Pop.-estim.  2,000  Albanian  &  200  Greek 
families. 

Ahiano,  two  towns  of  Italy. 1,  of 

Naples.  P.  12,500.  It  has  a  fortress,  a 
cathedral,  a  diocesan  school,  manufs.  of 
earthenware,  &  trade  in  wine,  &  butter. 
II.  of  Pontif.  states.     P.  2,000. 

Arica,  the  chief  seaport  of  Southern 
Peru,  in  lat.  18°  28'  S. ;  Ion.  70°  24'  W.  Its 
roadstead  is  safe  &  much  frequented. 
Chief  ©xports,  copper  ore,  wool  &  silver. 
Arica  is  a  mean  low  vill.,  close  to  the 
shore,  it  is  often  visited  by  intermittent 
fever,  &  desolated  by  earthquakes. 

Ariege,  a  dep.  France,  having  S.  the 
Pyrenees  &  Spain.  Area,  455,000  hect. 
P.  267,435.  Surface  mountainous  & 
wooded.  It  is  rich  in  iron  mines,  marble 
quarries  &  min.  waters.  Chf.  rivs.  the 
Ariege,  &  the  Salat.  It  is  divided  into 
the  three  arronds.  of  Fois,  Pamiers,  & 
St.  Girons. 

Arielli,  a  town  of  Italy.     P.  1,400. 


Arienzo,  a  town  of  Naples.    P.  3,000. 

Arinthod,  atownof  France,  dep.  Jura. 
P.  1,578. 

Arippo,  a  marit.  vill.,  Ceylon,  on  its 
W.  coast,  35  m.  N.N.E.  Calpentyn.  It  is 
the  residence  of  government  authorities 
during  the  pearl-fishing  season. 

Arispe,  a  town  of  Mexico,  cap.  dep. 
Sonora,  on  the  Sonora  riv.,  in  the  Sierra 
Madre.  Pop.  variously  computed  from 
3,000  to  7,600.  There  are  extensive  ruins 
N.W.  of  the  town,  &  numerous  mines  in 
its  vicinity. 

Akith,  a  town  of  Savoy.     P.  1,220. 

Arizu,  a  vili.,  isl.  of  Sardinia,  on  a 
mntn.     P.  2,200. 

Arjish,  a  riv.  of  Wallachia,  rises  in  the 
E.  Carpathian  mntns.,  &  joins  the  Da- 
nube 42  m.  S.S.E.  Bucharest,  after  a  S.E.- 

ward  course  of  150  m. II.  a  town  on 

above  riv.,  90  m.  N.W.  Bucharest,  with  a 
rich  convent,  many  churches,  &  a  fortress. 

Abjona,  a  town  of  Spain.     P.  3,598. 

Arjonilla  is  a  market  town,  5  m. 

N.W.  Arjona.     P.  2,398. 

Arkansas,  one  of  the  Western  states, 
lies  between  the  Mississippi  r.  &  the  In- 
dian territory,  &  is  bounded  N.  by  Mo. 
It  is  240  m.  long  &  228  wide.  Area, 
54,500  sq.  m.  P.  in  1840,  97,574 ;  in 
1850,  209,639,  of  whom  46,982  are  slaves. 
This  state  is  divided  into  40  counties. 
Little  Rock  is  the  capital.  The  E.  part 
of  the  state  bordering  on  the  Mississippi 
is  low,  swampy  &  often  overflowed.  Cen- 
tral part  undulated  &  broken,  while  in  the 
western  parts  the  Ozark  mtns.  rise  to  the 
height  of  1  or  2  thousand  ft.  There  is 
every  variety  of  soil.  On  the  margins  of 
the  river,  it  is  exceedingly  fertile.  Back 
of  this  generally  poor.  In  many  parts 
there  is  a  scarcity  of  water.  Prairies 
abundant  &  of  immense  extent.  Cotton 
&  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  productions. 
Wild  animals  &  wild  fowl  abound.  Near 
the  centre  of  the  state  there  are  numer- 
ous hot  springs.  Iron  ore,  gypsum,  & 
salt  are  found.  Trade  inconsid.,  manufs. 
do.  Climate  in  the  E.  part  of  state  un- 
healthy; in  the  western  healthy.  This 
state  is  well  situated  for  commerce.  The 
Arkansas,  the  principal  riv.  is  navigable 
for  steamboats  to  Little  Rock.  State  debt 
$3,755,362.  Revenue  in  1850,  $93,540. 
The  Constitution  of  this  state  formed  in 
1836  is  a  conservative  one.  Elections 
are  viva  voce.  The  legislature  meets 
once  in  two  years.  Slaves  cannot  be 
emancipated  without  the  consent  of  their 
owners.  Arkansas,  a  part  of  the  Louis- 
iana purchase,  was  admitted  to  the  Union 
in  1836. II.  principal  r.  of  above  state 


44 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[arm 


rising  in  the  Rocky  mtns.  &  flowing  in  a 
S.E.  direction,  falls  into  the  Mississippi. 
It  is  navigable  for  boats  some  seasons 
1,980  m.  Length  of  this  r.  2,170  m. 
Whole  surface  drained  by  its  tributaries, 

178,000  sq.  m. III.   county  Ark.,   on 

both  sides  of  Ark.  r.,  near  its  mouth.  Soil 
various.    Staple,  cotton.     P.  3,245. 

Arkiko,  a  seaport  of  Abyssinia,  state 
Tigre,  on  a  bay  of  the  Red  sea,  opp.  the 
isl.  Massowah,  lat.  15°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  39° 
25'  E. 

Arklow,  a  seaport  in  the  co.  "Wicklow, 
on  the  Ovoca  near  its  mouth  in  the  Irish 
sea,  13  m.  S.  by  E.  Wicklow.    P.  3,254. 

Arkwright,  p.  t.,  Chautauque  co.  N.Y. 
Adapted  to  grain  &  grazing.     P.  1,410. 

Arla,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Jura. 
P.  1,638. 

Arlakc,  a  town  of  France,  dcp.  Puy- 
de-DOme.     P.  1,532. 

Arles,  a  city  &  riverport  of  France, 
dep.  Bouches-du-Rhone,  c-ip.  arrond.,  on 
the  princip.  branch  of  the  Rhone,  where  it 
subdivides  to  form  its  delta,  &  at  the  head 
of  the  canal  from  Aries  to  Bouc,  15  m. 
from  the  Mediterr.,  &  44  m.  N.W.  Mar- 
seilles. A  railway  is  being  constructed  to 
unite  this  town  with  Marseilles  &  Avig- 
non.    P.   14,239. II.  {Sur.  Tech),  a 

town,  dep.  Pyrenees  Orientales.  P.  1,939- 
It  is  much  frequented  for  its  mineral 
waters,  &  hot  sulphur  baths. 

Arles  (Canal  d'),  a  canal  of  France, 
commences  on  the  Rhone  at  Aries,  &  ex- 
tends to  P.  du  Bouc,  on  the  Mediterr.,  25 
m. ;  it  was  constructed  to  evade  the 
dangerous  passage  of  the  Delta  of  the 
Rhone. 

Arleuf,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Nievre. 
P.  3,036. 

Arleux,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Nord. 
P.  1,721. 

Arlington,  t.,  co.  Vt.  A  good  white 
marble  is  quarried  here.  There  is  a  cha- 
lybeate spring  &  a  curious  cavern  in  this 
t.     P.  1,038. 

Arma  (Santiago  de),  a  town  of  New 

Granada,  prov.  of  Popayan. II.  a  town 

of  Mexico,  state  Xalisco.     P.  4,000. 

Armacao,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov.  & 
isl.  Santa  Catherina.  Lat.  27°  30'  S. ;  Ion. 
48°40'W. 

Armagh,  an  inland  co.  of  Ireland, 
Ulster,  having  N.  Lough  Neagb,  E.  the 
CO.  Down, W.  the  cos.  Tyrone  &  Monaghan, 
&  S.  Louth.  Area,  512^-  sq.  m.  P.  in 
1841,232,393;  in  1851,  196,520.  Surface 
mntnous.  in  the  S.W.,  where  Slieve-Gal- 
lion  rises  to  1,893  ft.  in  height;  elsewhere 
flat  or  undulating.  Chief  rivs.  the  Callan, 
Blackwater,  Bann,  &  Ne  wry- water.    Soil 


fertile. II.  a  city,  cap.  of  the  above 

CO.,  &  the  archiepisc.  seat  of  the  Primate 
of  "  all  Ireland,"  70  m.  N.  by  W.  Dublin. 
P.  10,245.  It  is  connected  by  railw.  with 
Belfast,  is  well-built,  chiefly  of  hard  red 

marble. Ill.t.,  Mifflin  co. Pa. ,manufs. 

of  woollens  &  leather. 

Armenia,  a  country  of  W.  Asia,  ex- 
tending from  the  Caucasus  on  the  N.  to 
the  mntns.  of  Kurdistan  on  the  S.,  &  from 
the  Euphrates  (which  separates  it  from 
Asia  Minor)  on  the  W.,  to  near  the  Cas- 
pian on  the  B.,  being  thus  betw.  lat.  37° 
&  42°  N.,  &  Ion.  39°  &  50°  E.  It  is 
subdivd.  among  the  Turkish  pashalics  of 
Erzeroum,  Kars,  &  Van,  &  parts  of  the 
Persian  prov.  Azerbijan,  &  the  Russian 
gov.  of  Transcaucasia.  Area,  roughly 
estimated  at  90,000  sq.  m.,  &  p.  from 
1,500,000  to  2,000,000,  including  a  great 
variety  of  races.  The  greater  part  of 
the  surface  constitutes  an  elevated  table- 
land. Mt.  Ararat,  near  the  centre,  rises 
to  an  elev.  of  17,260  ft.  It  is  watered  by 
the  rivs.  Kur,  Aras,  Joruk,  &  the  two 
heads  of  the  Euphrates,  of  the  three  large 
lakes  of  Van,  Urumiyah,  &  Sevan.  Soil 
very  various  ;  it  has  many  fertile  corn- 
lands  &  pastures,  &  its  valleys  produce 
excellent  cotton,  rice,  tobacco,  grapes  & 
other  fruits.  Copper,  lead,  alum,  &  some 
silver  mines  are  wrought.  Manufs.  un- 
important. The  native  Armenians,  estim. 
at  l-7th  of  the  whole  p.,  are  distingd.  for 
enterprise  in  commercl.  &  banking  trans- 
actions. The  Armenian  Christians  mostly 
belong  to  an  ecclesiast.  estab.  of  their 
own,  similar  in  many  respects  to  the 
Greek  church ;  but  many  have  adhered 
to  the  Roman  Catholic  church  ever  since 
the  15th  century.  Until  the  present  cen- 
tury, Armenia  was  shared  betw.  Turkey 
&  Persia.  Russia  acquired  Georgia, 
Karabagh,  Erivan,  &  Nakhchevan,  from 
Persia,  betw.  1800  &  1828,  &  parts  of  the 
pash.  Akhalzikh  betw.  1829  &  1833.  The 
chf.  towns  are  the  caps,  of  the  several 
pashs.  &  provs.,  &  mostly  of  same  names. 
— Armenia- Minor  is  the  anc.  name  of  the 
country  forming  the  mod.  Turkish  pashs. 
of  Kaisariyeh,  Sivas,  &  Marash,  included 
in  Asia-Minor,  i)ut  which  were  respec- 
tively termed  first,  second,  &  third  Ar- 
menia— fourth  Armenia  having  been  the 
mod.  pash.  Diarbekir  in  Mesopotamia. 

Armenierstadt,  a  town  of  Transyl- 
vania. P.  3,400,  including  400  Armenian 
families. 

Armeno,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  29  m.  N". 
Novara.     P.  1,420. 

Armentibres,  a  town  of  France,  dep- 
Nord,  9  m.  N.W.  Lille.    P.  6,675,  em- 


arr] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


45 


ployed  in  manufs.  of  cotton,  linen,  lace, 
thread,  &  sail  cloth. 

Armento,  a.  town  of  Naples.  P.  2,800. 

Armstrong  (Co.),  Penn.,  central  in 
the  W.  part  of  the  state.  Large  quan- 
tities of  bituminous  coal  &  of  salt  ore 
are  produced.  P.  29,560.-^ II.  t.,  In- 
diana CO.  ■  Pa.,  drained  by  Crooked  riv. 
P.  1,054. 

Arnac-Pompadour,  a  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Correze.     P.  1.383. 

Arnau,  a  town  of  Bohemia.   P.  1,500. 

Arnay-le-Duc,  a  town  of  Prance,  dep. 
Cute-d'Or.     P.  2,331. 

Arneburg,  a  town  of  Prus.  Saxony. 
P.  1,590. 

Aenedo,  a  town  of  Spain.    P.  3,335. 

Arnemuyden,  a  town  of  the  isl.  Wal- 
cheren.     P.  1,340. 

Arnhem,  a  fortfd.  town  of  the  Neth'ds, 
on  the  Rhine,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge  of 
boats,  50  m.  S.E.  Amsterdam,  with  which 
&  with  Utrecht,  it  is  connected  by  railw. 
P.  16,758. 

Arnhem  Land,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Australia,  comprises  all  the  region  betw. 
the  gulf  of  Carpentaria  &  Anson  bay,  & 
is  so  named  from  having  been  discovered 
by  the  crews  of  the  Arnhem  &  Pera  in 
1618. — Arnhem  bay  is  a  deep  inlet  near 
lat.  12°  S.,  &lon.  136°  E.— Cape  Arnhem 
is  the  E.-most  point  of  Arnhem  Land,  in 
the  gulf  of  Carpentaria,  lat.  12°  19'  S. ; 
Ion.  137°  r  E. 

Arnis,  an  isl.  &  fishing  vill.  of  Den- 
mark, on  the  Schlei.     P.  800. 

Arno,  a  riv.  of  Tuscany,  rises  in  Apen- 
nines, at  an  elev.  of  4,444  ft.  above  the 
sea.  Its  course  is  W.  to  the  Mediterr., 
which  it  enters  7  m.  below  Pisa.  Distance 
from  source  to  mouth,  75  m. 

Arnoldsdorf'  a  townof  Prus.  Silesia. 
P.  1,410. 

Arnoult-en-Iveline  (St.),  a  town  of 
France,  dep.  Seine-et-Oise.     P.  1,420. 

Arnsberg,  a  town  of  Prus.  Westphalia. 
P.  4,300. 

Arnsdorp,  a  vill.  of  Prus.  Silesia.  P. 
1,300. 

Arnstadt,  a  toivn  of  Schwartzburg 
Sondershausen,  10  m.  W.  Erfurt.  P.  5,000, 
with  manufs.  of  woollen,  linen,  &  cotton. 

Arnstein,  a  town  of  Bavaria.  P.  1,396. 

Arnswalde,  a  town  of  Brandenburg. 
P.  4,622. 

Aroche,  a  town  of  Spain.     P.  2,705. 

Aeokszallas,  a  vill.  of  Hungary,  44 
m.  E.N.E.  Pesth.     P.  7,700. 

Arolsen,  a  town  of  Waldeck,  on  the 
Aar,  2-1  m.  N.N.W.  Cassel.     P.  2,050. 

Akon,  a  riv.  of  France,  joins  the  Loire, 
after  a  course  of  25  m.,  the  latter  10  of 


which  "are  navig. II.  a  vill.  dep.  May- 

enne.     P.  1,722. 

Aeona,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  on  the 
S.W.  shore  of  Lago  Maggiore.     P.  2,200. 

Aeoostook,  county,  Me.,  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  the  state,  extending  to  the  Canada 
line,  watered  by  sev.  rivs.  Wheat,  oats,  & 

potatoes  are  produced.      P.   12,535. ■ 

II.  r..  Me.,  branch  of  the  St.  John's.  The 
lands  on  this  r.  are  very  fertile. 

Ahpaia,  a  vill.  of  Naples,  near  which 
the  Romans  suffered  the  defeat  of  the 
"  Caudine  forks." 

Arpajon  (formerly  Chatres),  a  town  of 
France,  15  m.  S.S.E.  Versailles.  P.  2,017. 
II.  a  vill.  dep.  Cantal.     P.  2,300. 

Arpino,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Apen- 
nines, 6  m.  S.S.E.  Sora.  P.  9,600.  It  has 
an  active  trade  in  woollen  cloth,  parch- 
ment, leather,  &  paper. 

Arqua,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  12^  S.W. 
Padua.    Petrarch  died  July  19th,  1374,  & 

is  buried  here. II.  a  vill.,  5  m.  S.S.W. 

Rovigo.     P.  2,800. 

Arciuata,  a  town  of  Pontif.  states.  P. 
1,550. 

AnauATO,  a  town  of~Parma.    P.  2,000. 

Arquennes,  avill.  of  Belgium.  P.  1,667. 

Aeques,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Seine 
Inf.     The  Argues  riv.,  same  dep.,  is  nav. 

from  Arques  to  the  Engl,  channel. II. 

a  vill.  dep.  Pas  de  Calais.     P.  1,854. 

Arean,  an  isl.  of  Scotland,  in  the  firth 
of  Clyde,  &  forming  the  larger  part  of  the 
CO.  Bute,  about  6  m.  S.W.  Bute  isl.,  &  E 
Kintyre.  Estimated  area,-  including  islet 
of  Pladda  &  Holy  Isl.,  100,000  acres. 
P.  6,421. 

Arran  Isles,  Ireland,  eo.  Galway, 
consist  of  a  group  of  small  isls.  Lat.  of 
lightho.  on  Inishmore,  the  lagest  &  most 
N.-erlv,  53°  7'  38"  N. ;  Ion.  9°  42'  22" 
W.  United  area,  11,287  ac.  P.  3,000. 
— North  Ai-ran  or  Arranmore  island,  co. 
Donegal,  lies  If  m.  W.  of  Artean  point. 
Area,  4,335  ac.  P.  1,000.  A  lightho.  on 
the  isl.  e.xhibits  a  fixed  light. 

Areas,  a  fortifd.  city  of  France,  cap. 
dep.  Pa.s-de-Calais,  on  the  Scarpe,  &  on 
the  Railwaj'^  du  Nord,  35  m.  N.E.  Amiens, 
&  100  m.  N.N.E.  Paris.  P.  24,321.  It  is 
well  built,  &  has  a  botanic  garden,  muse- 
ums, &  public  library  of  36,000  vols.  Chf. 
manufs.,  cotton  thread,  calico,  hosiery, 
lace,  coarse  woollens,  beet-root  sugar, 
earthenware,  &  sonp. 

Arrayollos,  a  town  of  Portugal.  P. 
2,200. 

Aeeayollos  &  Arrayas,  small  towns 
of  Brazil,  provs.  Goyaz  &  Para. 

Abreau,  a  town  of  France,  cap.  cant. 
H.  Pyrenees.     P.  1,480. 


46 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[asc 


•  Arresee,  alake  of  Denm'k,  lat.  55°  N. ; 
formerly  a  bay  of  the  Cattegat,  communic. 
with  Roeskilde-fiord  by  a  small  qanal. 

Arru  or  Aroo,  a  group  of  islands  in 
the  Asiatic  archipelago,  betw.  lat.  5°  20' 
&  6°  55'  S.,  &  Ion.  134°  10'  &  134°  45'  B., 
80  m.  S.W.  Papua,  the  largest  being  70 
m.  long,  &  20  m.  broad.  They  are  sepa- 
rated by  narrow  straits.  To  the  E.  of  the 
group  is  an  extensive  coral  reef,  where 
pearls  &  trepang  abound.  The  inhabs. 
are  a  mixture  of  the  Malay  &  Austra- 
lasian negro  races,  &  many  have  adopted 
Christianity.  Dobbo,  a  town  on  the  isl. 
Warud,  inhabited  by  s^me  Dutch  &  Chi- 
nese riberchants,  is  the  greatest  mart  in 
the  N.  of  Australasia. 

Arsacides,  a  group  of  small  islands 
in  the  Pacific.     [Solomon  Isles.] 

Ars-En-Rb,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Charente  Inf.,  on  the  isK  Re,  17  m.  W.  La 

Rochelle.     P.  2,911. II.  Sur-Moselle, 

P.  1,453. 

Arsiero,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy.     P.  2,400. 

Art,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  at  the  S. 
extremity  of  the  lake  of  Zug.     P.  2,200. 

Arta,  Gulf  of,  a  gulf  of  the  Ionian 
sea,  forming  part  of  the  N.  frontier  of 
Greece.  It  is  nearly  land-locked,  having 
Acarnania  on  the  S.  &  E.,  &  Albania  on 
the  N.     Length  N.W.  to  S.E.,   25  m., 

breadth,  from  4  to  10  m. II.  a  town 

of  Albania,  42  m.  S.  Janina,  on  1.  b.  of 
the  Arta,  here  crossed  by  a  remarkable 
bridge  200  yards  in  length.  P.  from 
5,000  to  9,000.  It  has  a  large  cathedral, 
a  ruined  convent  of  the  9th  century,  a 
citadel,  &  traces  of  its  Hellenic  walls, 
with  manufs.  of  coarse  cottons  &  woollens, 
leather,    capotes,    &    embroidery,    &    an 

active  general  trade. III.  a  town  of 

Majorca.  P.  4,001.  Chf.  industry,  man- 
ufs. of  coarse  linen,  dyeing,  &  fishing. 
Commerce  in  fruit. 

Artajona,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Navarra.     P.  1,911. 

Artaki,  a  maritime  town  of  Asia- 
Minor. 

Art  AN  A,  a  town  of  Spain,  Valencia, 
prov.    P.  2,077. 

Arteijo,  a  vill.  of  Spain,  with  mineral 
springs,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Bolano. 

Artenara,  a  town  of  the  Canaries, 
near  the  centre  of  the  island  Gran  Cana- 
ria.    P.  1,074. 

Artenay,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Loiret.     P.  1,182. 

Artern,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony. 
P.  3,052. 

Arthez,  a  eomm.  &  town,  France,  dep. 

B.  Pyrenees.   P.  1,731. II.  (d'Asson) 

a  vill.  B.  Pyr.,  arrond.  Pau.    P.  1,400. 


Arthur's  Isls.,  a  small  group,  Mul- 
grove  archip. 

Arthur's  Stone,  a  cromlech  on  the 
top  of  Cefn  Bryn,  a  hill  of  Wales.  It 
consists  of  a  block  of  millstone,  14  ft.  in 
length  &  7  ft.  2  in.  in  thickness,  resting 
on  8  supporters,  &  it  is  referred  to  in  the 
"Welsh  triads  as  one  of  the  3  most  stupen- 
dous works  in  Britain, — Stonehenge,  & 
probably  Avebury,  being  the  others. 

Artois,  an  old  prov.  of  France,  which 
with  part  .of  Picardy,  forms  the  present 
dep.  of  Pas-de-Calais ;  Arras  was  its 
capital.  It  belonged  to  the  Dukes  of 
Burgundy,  to  Austria,  &  latterly  to  Spain, 
from  which  it  was  taken  by  Louis  XIII. 
in  1640.  Artesian  wells  derive  their 
name  from  this  prov. 

Artvin,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
pash.  Trebizond,  cap.  dist.,  in  a  ravine 
near  the  Joruk  riv.     P.  5,500. 

Aruba,  isl.,  one  of  the  Dutch  Antilles, 
near  the  coast  of  Venezuela.     P.  2,621. 

Arudy,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Pyrenees.     P.  1,971.  - 

Arun,  a  riv.  of  England,  co.  Sussex. 

Arva,  a  district  of  Hungary. 

Arva,  a  quoad  sacra  pa.  of  Irelan(J, 
CO.  Cavan,  Ulster.     P.  4,590. 

Arvert,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Charente-Inf.     P.  2,360. 

Ahvillard,  a  vill.  of  Savoy.   P.  1,430. 

Arzamass,  a  town  of  Russia.   P.  4,700. 

Arzana,  a  town  of  the  isl.  of  Sardinia. 
P.  1,380. 

Arzano,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Finis- 
tere.     P.  1,801. 

Arzew,  a  seaport  town  of  Algeria, 
with  fine  Roman  remains,  &  vast  cisterns. 

Arzignano,  a  town  of  Lombardy.  P. 
4,000. 

Arzilla,  a  small  fortified  seaport  town 
of  Morocco,  prov.  Fez.  P.  1,000.  It 
stands  on  an  open  beach,  &  has  a  battery 
with  about  20  cannons. 

Arzobispo  Isl.,  Pacific  ocean.  [Bonin 
Islands.] 

AsAL,  a  remarkable  salt  lake  of  E. 
Africa.  It  occupies  a  volcanic  basin. 
Length  of  lake  about  7  m.;  breadth  3  m.; 
surface  570  feet  below  the  Red  sea.  . 

Asangaro,  a  town  of  South  Peru. 

Asaph  (St.),  an  epis.  city,  N.  Wales. 
P.  3,338. 

AsARO,  a  town  of  Sicily,  Catania.  P. 
2,968. 

Ascension,  pa.  La.,  in  the  middle  of 
the  S.E.  part  of  the  state,  on  both  sides 
of  the  Mississippi  riv.  Cap.  Donaldson- 
ville.  Chf.  prod,  sugar  &  cotton.  Figs 
&  oranges  are  also  produced.  3  acad. 
P.  10,752. 


A  si] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


n 


Ascension,  an  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  be- 
longing to  Great  Britain,  280  m.  N.W. 
St.  Plelena.  It  is  of  a  triangular  shape, 
8  m.  long,  &  6  m.  broad,  at  W.  end. 

Ascension  Bay,  E.  coast  of  Yucatan, 
Central  America. 

AscH,  the  most  W.  town  of  Bohemia. 
P.  5,000. 

AscHACH,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria. 

Aschaffenbueg,  a  flourishing  town 
of  Bavaria.  P.  8,400.  It  has  a  royal 
residence,  collections  of  art,  &  a  library 
of  22,000  volumes. 

Aschendorp,  a  vill.  of  Hanover.  P. 
1.400. 

AscHEESLEBEN,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony.     P.  11,270. 

AsciANO,  a  vill.  of  Tuscany,  prov.  P. 
2,460. 

AscoLi,  an  anc.  episcopal  city  of  Italy, 
Pontif.  states.     P.  13,000. 

AscoNA,  a  vill.,  Switzerland,  cant. 
Ticino,  on  L.  Maggiore,  2  m.  S.S.W.  Lo- 
carno.    P.  1,000. 

Ascot-Heath,  England,  co.  Berks.  It 
is  known  for  its  races. 

AscuTNEY,  mountain  of  Windsor  co. 
Vermont.  At  Windsor,  it  is  2,903  feet 
above  the  country,  &  3,320  above  the 
level  of  the  ocean. 

Ash,  a  town  of  Monroe  co.  Mich.  P.  949. 

AsHANTEE,  .a  country  of  Africa,  and 
the  most  powerful  native  state  of  Upper 
Guinea,  betw.  lat.  6°  &  8°  N.,  Ion.  0°  & 
3°  W.  The  sovereignty  of  its  chief  over 
the  petty  states  on  the  coast,  ceased  in 
1831,  &  its  S.  limit  is  now  60  m.  from  the 
gulf  of  Guinea.  P.  probably  1,000,000.  (?) 
It  is  mntnous.,  well-watered,  and  healthy 
in  the  more  elev.  districts.  Chief  rivs. 
Volta  &  Assinie.  Products  maize,  millet, 
dhourra,  rice,  yams,  tobacco,  the  sugar- 
cane, cocoa,  the  pine-apple,  &  other  fine 
fruits,  with  dye-woods,  gums,'  &  timber  : 
the  chief  exports  are  gold  dust  &  palm 
oil.  The  inhabs.  are  intelligent,  &  excel 
in  several  kinds  of  manufs. 

AsHBURNHAM,  p-t.,  Vforcester  co.  Mass. 
P.  1,652. 

AsHBURTON,  t.,  Eng.,  CO.  Devon.  P. 
3,841. 

AsHBY,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  P. 
1,246. 

AsHBY-DE-LA-ZoucH,  town  of  Eng.,  CO. 
Leicester.  P.  5,652.  It  has  a  ruined 
castie,  in  which  Mary  Queen  of  Scots  was 
once  confined. 

AsHDON,  Eng.,  CO.  Essex.  P.  1,164. 
Four  mounds  in  this  pa,,  reputed  to  be 
sepulchres  of  the  Danes,  mark  the  sup- 
posed site  of  Canute's  victory  over  Ed- 
mund Ironside,  in  1016. 


AsHE,  county,  N.  C.  in  W.  part  of  the 
state,  between  Bald  mt.  &  Blue  Ridge. 
Area,  480  sq.  m.,  cap.  Jefferson ville. 
P.  8,777. 

AsHFiELD,  p-t.,  Eranklin  co.,  Mass. 
P.  1,610. 

AsHFORD,    t.,  Windham  co.  Conn.     A 

manufacturing  t.      P.  1,295. II.  p-t. 

Cattarau.  co.  N.  T.     P.  1,469. 

Ashland,  a  new  co.  of  Ohio.  P. 
23,792. 

Ashley,  a  new  co.  of  Arkansas.  P. 
2,058. 

AsHEiDGE,  a  hamlet,  Engl.  A  par- 
liamt.  was  held  here  by  Edward  I.,  & 
Princess  Elizabeth  lived  here  in  1554. 

Ashta,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  Gwalior 
dominions. 

Ashtabula,  county,  0.,  in  the  'N.Yi. 
part  of  the  state,  on  Lake  Erie.  It  oc- 
cupies the  height  of  land  between  Lake 
Erie  &  the  Ohio  r.  Capital,  Jefferson. 
A  good  farming  co.,  manufs.  of  woollens 

&  leather.     P.  28,766. II.  v.  in  the 

E.  part  of  the  co.  on  Ashtabula. 

AsHTOLA,  an  uninhabited  isl.  of  the 
Indian  ocean.  It  abounds  with  turtle; 
&  was  formerly  the  haunt  of  the  Jowasi- 
mee  pirates. 

Ashton-undee-Lyne,  t.,  Eng.,  co. 
Lancaster. 

AsHviLLE,  c.  h.,  p-v.,  &  capital  of 
Buncombe  co.  N.  C. 

AsHviLLE,  c.  H.,  p-v.,  &  capital  of  St. 
Clair  CO.  Ala. 

Ashelot,  r.  Cheshire  co.  N".  H. 

Asia,  the  largest  of  the  great  divisions 
of  the  globe,  comprehends  all  the  coun- 
tries to  the  E.  of  Europe  &  Worthern 
Africa,  and  extends,  with  its  islands,  be- 
tween lat.  10°  S.,  &  78°  N.,  &  Ion.  26° 
E.  to  190°  E.  (170°  W.)  Its  whole  area 
is  supposed  to  amount  to  upwards  of  16 
millions  of  square  miles,  &  its  population 
to  626  millions.  Central  Asia  is  com- 
posed of  two  great  elevated  table-lands, 
a  higher  &  a  lov/er,  each  descending  by 
gradual  slopes  &  terraces  to  the  level 
lowlands.  The  length  of  the  elevated 
regions,  from  the  Black  sea  and  Persian 
gulf  on  the  W.,  to  the  Corean  Coast  on 
the  E.,  is  upwards  of  5,500  m.  The 
greatest  breadth,  from  1,800  to  2,000  m. 
On  the  mountain  ranges  N.  of  the  table- 
land, four  great  rivs.  take  their  rise — the 
Irti^i,  the  Yenesei,  the  Lena,  &  the 
Amur,  draining  a  surface  of  country 
more  extensive  than  that  of  Europe.  Two 
great  rivers  take  their  rise  in  the  Eastern 
range,  the  Hoang-Ho  and  the  Yangtse- 
Kiang,  which,  flowing  through  China, 
discharge  their  waters  into  the   Pacific 


48 


CYCLOPEDIA   OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[asi 


ocean.  The  principal  rivers  of  S.  Asia 
are  the  Cambodia,  Irrawaddy,  &  Menam ; 
the  Brahmaputra,  Ganges,  &  Indus,  tak- 
ing their  rise  in  the  Himalaya  mntns.,  & 
traversing  by  diverging  routes  the  coun- 
try known  as  India  within  the  Ganges. 
Westward  of  Persia,  in  the  countries  of 
Kurdistan,  Azerbijan,  &  Armenia,  the 
rivers  Euphrates  &  Tigris  have  their 
source,  which,  flowing  through  Mesopo- 
tamia &  ano.  Babylonia,  enter  the  Per- 
sian gulf  by  one  channel.  The  peninsula 
of  Arabia  forms  a  continuation  of  the 
Highlands  of  W.  Asia.  The  Loiolands 
of  Asia  may  be  divided  into,  1.  Chinese 
Lowlands  on  the  E. :  2.  the  Indo-Chi- 
nese, comprehending  Cambodia  &  Siam  ; 

3.  Hindostan,  bounded  by  the  Ganges 
&    Indus,    forming    a    great    triangle ; 

4.  Syria  &  Arabia ;  5.  the  Northern  Si- 
berian, in  extent  more  than  half  all  the 
others,  stretching  along  the  Polar  sea 
from  the  Ural  mntns.  to  the  Pacific 
ocean;  6.  Bucharia,  on  the  Caspian  sea 
&  L.  Aral.  The  Mineral  products  of 
Asia  are  numerous,  &  have  been  known 
from  remote  antiquity.  Precious  stones 
are  abundant.  Volcanic  products  -are 
found  near  Mt.  Taurus,  in  Armenia,  W. 
Anatolia,  &  in  Japan  &  Sunda  isl. ;  coals 
in  Hindostan  &  China;  rock  salt  in  the 
Ural  mntns.,  N.  China,  &  'Turkey ;  gold 
or  gold-dust  in  various  localities.  Mer- 
cury in  China  &  Japan.  Copper  &  iron 
in  Ural  mntns.,  &  lead  in  Da-Uria,  Chi- 
na, Armenia.  Fossil  shells  are  found  in 
great  quantities  at  an  elevation  of  16.000 
to  18,000  ft.  in  Tibet,  mammalian  re- 
mains in  the  lower  Himalaya,  &  the  allu- 
vial soil  of  Siberia,  is  full  of  bones  of  ex- 
tinct quadrupeds. 

The  vegetation  of  Asia  varies  with  its 
different  regions.  N.of  lat.  60°  scarcely 
any  vegetable  products  are  seen  except 
birches,  mosses,  &  lichens.  In  S.  Siberia, 
&  as  far  S.  as  the  chain  of  the  Hima- 
laya &  Hindoo-Koosh,  the  vegetation  in 
a  great  nieasure  resembles  that  of  N. 
&  Central  Europe.  Ginseng  &  rhubarb 
are  products  peculiar  to  this  region.  In 
the  cultivated  plains  of  Bokhara  &  Ca- 
bool,  grapes,  melons,  pears,  figs,  &  other 
fruits  common  in  Europe,  grow  to  perfec- 
tion. N.  of  the  Caucasus,  the  counti-y  is 
thinly  covered  with  vegetable  products, 
but  immediately  S.  of  that  chain,  the 
fruits  common  to  S.  Europe,  begin  to 
flourish  luxuriantly ;  &  rice,  cotton,  in- 
digo, sugar,  tobacco,  dates,  are  among  the 
products  of  the  fruitful  provs.  of  Turkey 
&  Persia.  The  region  of  Asia  S.  &  E.  of  the 
Himalaya,  is  unrivalled  for  the  number 


&  richness  of  its  vegetable  products. 
The  teak-tree,  tea,  sago,  camphor,  cloves, 
mace,.  &  nutmegs,  are  peculiar  to  this 
part  of  the  globe.  Wheat  is  raised  at  an 
elevation  of  10,000  feet  in  the  Himalaya 
mountains.  The  zoology  of  the  N.  of  Asia 
partakes  of  the  character  of  that  of  N. 
Europe. 

Asia  is  the  cradle  of  the  human  race, 
from  whence  the  various  nations  &  tribes 
have  issued  to  people  the  other  parts  of 
the  world.  The  races  inhabiting  Asia 
may  be  divided  into  1.  The  Semitic,  in- 
cluding Syrians,  Jews,  Arabs,  &  the  de- 
scendants of  the  ancient  Chaldeans  or 
Aramoeans ; — 2.  The  Persian  Kurds,  Os- 
setes,  Armenians,  Georgians,  Mingreli- 
ans  ; — 3.  The  Turks,  forming  a  numerous 
race  of  central  Asia ; — 4.  The  Samoiedes, 
N.  Asia  ; — 5.  The  Mongols,  Burials,  Kal- 
mucks, Tungooses,  &  other  tribes  N.E.  • 
Asia; — 5.  The  Japanse,  Chinese  ; — 6.  The 
Malays,  inhabiting  Malaysia  &  the  isls. 
of  the  Eastern  Archipelago.  The  polit- 
ical divisions  of  Asia  include  six  empires, 
China,  Russia,  Britain,  Persia,  Turkey, 
Arabia.  The  British  possessions  are 
chiefly  in  India,  or  the  peninsula  within 
the  Ganges.  The  Portuguese,  whose  set- 
tlements were  formerly  numerous,  have 
preserved  only  Goa,  Damaun,  Macao,  & 
a  few  others.  The  French  possess  Pondi- 
cherry,  a  settlement  on  the  coast  of  Ma- 
labar, &  two  or  three  more.  The  Dutch 
occupy  Java,  Sumatra,  the  Moluccas,  &c. 

AsiAGO,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  in- 
habited by  a  race  of  German  descent.  P. 
of  the  dist.,  25,500 ;  of  the  town,  4,670. 

Asia  Isles,  a  cluster  of  low  &  thickly 
wooded  isls.  in  the  Asiatic  Archipelago, 
E.  of  Gilolo.    Lat.  1°  N. ;  Ion.  131°  17'  E. 

Asia  Minor,  forms  the  western  penin- 
sula of  Asia.  Area,  estimated  at  269,000 
sq..  m. ;  &  pop.  at  4,000,000.  Two  moun- 
tain chains  run  nearly  E.  &  W.,  the  dis- 
trict between,  forming  an  elevated  table- 
land studded  with  mntns.  The  Taurus 
mntn.  chain  trends  E.  to  W.  near  its  S. 
coast,  rising  frequently  to  8,000  or  10,000 
ft.  in  ht. ;  &  near  the  N.  coast  runs  the 
other  chain,  less  continuous  &  lofty,  but 
comprising  mts.  Olympus,  Ida,  &"  Gar- 
garus,  famous  in  classic  literature.  On  the 
N.E.  are  the  mntn.  ranges  of  Anti-Tau- 
rus ;  elev.  of  the  highest,  Arjish  Tag, 
13,000  ft. .  N.  of  these  is  the  Euxine  or 
Lazian  range.  Shores  greatly  indented. 
Chief  rivs.  Kizil  Irmak,  Yeshil  Irmak, 
Saharia,  Kodus  Sihun,  &  Euphrates. 
There  are  numerous  fresh  &  salt  water 
lakes  ;  Tuz-gol  is  the  largest  salt  water 
lake,  &  yields   a  great  quantity  of  salt. 


4^. 


asp] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


49 


The  climate  varies  with  the  locality,  the 
elevated  regions  being  cold  &  humid,  the 
plains  wax-m  &  fertile.  The  eastern  part 
of  the  country  is  composed  of  volcanic 
rocks,  the  AV.  of  calcareous  strata  with 
tertiary  fossils.  The  mines  produce  cop- 
per, silver,  lead,  iron  ;  alum,  nitre,  & 
rock  salt  are  also  abundant.  The  pop. 
consists  mostly  of  Turks  &  Greeks,  with 
some  Armenians  &  Jews,  &  wandering 
tribes  of  Kurds,  &c.  Asia-Minor  is  di- 
vided into  the  pashalics  of  Anatolia,  It- 
shil,  Karamania,  Sivas,  Marash,  &  a  part 
of  Trebizond.  Principal  cities,  Smyrna, 
Brusa,  Trebizond,  Kutayah,  Angora, 
Konieh  (anc.  Iconium),  &  Kaisariyeh 
(anc.  Ccesarea),  with  Scutari,  opposite 
Constantinople.  Smyrna,  Trebizond,  & 
Brusa,  are  the  principal  seats  of_com- 
merce.  This  region  was  anciently  the 
seat  of  the  famous  kingdoms  of  Troy  & 
Lydia,  &  afterwards  formed  a  proconsul- 
ship  under  the  Romans.  It  produced 
Homer,  Thales,  Pythagoras,  Herodotus, 
&  many  other  of  the  most  distinguished 
poets,  philosophers,  historians,  &  artists 
of  antiquity  ;  &  ruins  scattered  over  al- 
most every  portion  of  its  surface,  attest 
its  former  wealth  &  prosperity. 

Asiatic  or  Eastern  Archipelago, 
the  largest  collection  of  ils.  on  the  gliibe, 
extending  along  the  equator,  from  the 
S.E.  coast  of  Asia  to  the  AV,  of  Australia. 
The  numerous  isls.  may  be  arranged  un- 
der 5  groups. 

1.  Sumatra,  Java^  Bali,  Lombok,  Ma- 
dura, Banka,  Billiton,  &  the  W.  k  larger 
poHion  of  Borneo. . 

2.  Celebes,  Sumbawa,  Flores,  Timor, 
Sandalwood  isl.,  &  E.  part  of  Borneo. 

3.  Ceram.  Booro,  Gillolo  (Molucca  I.), 
Timorlaut.  Arrooe  I.,  &  Papua,  the  latter 
coming  within  the  range  of  Australasia. 

4.  Mindanao,  Sooloo  I.,  Palawan,  & 
N.E.  part  of  Borneo. 

5.  Luzon,  &  allthat  portion  of  the  Philip- 
pine isls.  stretching  from  lat.lO°  to  19°-N. 

The  isls.  of  the  Eastern  Archipelago 
are  all  more  or  le.ss  of  volcanic  origin,  & 
exhibit  at  the  present  time,  active  vol- 
canoes in  numerous  localities.  Gold, 
silver,  copper,  iron,  sulphur  &  tin  mines 
are  abundant.  The  clove,  nutmeg,  & 
various  aromatic  trees,  abound  in  the 
Moluccas.  Pepper,  ginger,  cubebs,  & 
various  spices,  in  Java  &  Sumatra. 
Cotton,  tobacco,  sugar,  sweet  potato,  in 
the  Philippines,  &  other  islands.  The 
grains  cultivated  in  the  larger  &  more 
civilized  isls.,  are  maize,  millet,  pulses, 
&  chiefly  rice.  Throughout  the  other 
isls.,  the  amylaceous  pith  of  the  sago 


palm  {Metroxylonsago)  is  the  chief  food 
of  the  inhabs.  The  elephant  is  found  ia 
Sumatra,  &  the  Malay  peninsula  adjoin- 
ing. The  tiger,  panther,  &  other  preda- 
cious animals,  are  not  uncommon.  The 
ox  &  buffalo,  both  large  &  of  excellent 
breeds,  are  used  in  agriculture  ;  deer  & 
wild  hogs  abound,  &  the  rhinoceros  is  not 
uncommon.  Many  species  of  the  monkey 
tribe  are  found  in  various  localities, 
&  the  ourang-outang  in  Borneo.  Birds 
of  the  most  varied  kinds  &  beautiful 
plumage  fill  the  woods.  Two  distinct 
races  of  men  inhabit  this  region.  The 
Malay,  forming  the  great  bulk  of  the 
pop.,  especially  of  the  W.  isls.  is  of  a  light 
brown  or  olive  complexion,  with  long 
straight  hair,  short  stature,  &  robust 
body,  round  face,  &  small  features. 
Strong  &  active  in  habits,  in  many  com- 
munities considerably  advanced  in  civil- 
ization ;  in  other  situations,  roving  & 
restless  pirates.  The  Papuan  or  black 
race  have  negro  features  &  curly  hair, 
small  stature,  &  spare  &  puny  form. 
These  are  in  a  ruder  state,  are  less  sus- 
ceptible of  civilization.  The  Hindoo  faith 
is  professed  by  a  portion  of  the  native 
races,  but  Mohammedanism  is  the  pre- 
vailing religion.  Christianity  has  been 
partially  introduced  into  the  Burop.  set- 
tlements. 

AsiNALUNGA,  a  town  of  Tuscany.  P. 
2,068. 

Asinara,  a  small  isl.  of  the  Mediterr., 
N.W.  Sardinia. 

AsKALON,  a  seaport  town  of  Palestine, 
pash.  Acre,  on  the  Mediterranean,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Sorek.  The  anc.  city 
is  quite  deserted,  &  presents  only  a 
mixture  of  Syrian,  Greek,  &  Gothic  ruins, 
with  remains  of  a  Roman  amphitheatre. 
In  remote  antiquity  Askalon  was  a  prin- 
cipal city  of  the  Philistines  (Phoenicians). 

Ask,  or  Asek,  atown  of  Persia,  prov. 
Mazander.an.  It  comprises  from  1,000 
to  1,500  houses. 

AsKEATON,  a  town  of  Ireland,  prov. 
Munster,  co.  Limerick,  on  the  Deel.  P. 
1,862. 

AsKERN,  England,  co.  York,  resorted 
to  by  visitors  for  the  sake  of  its  sulphur 
baths. 

AsKOE,  a  small  isl.  of  Denmark,  in  the 
Great  Belt. 

AsoLA,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy.  P. 
4,000. 

AsoLO,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy.  P. 
3,400. 

AsoNE,  a  riv.  of  Central  Italy. 

Asopus,  a  riv.  of  Greece,  dep.  Thebes. 

AspALAGA,  v.,  Gadsden  co.  Florida. 


50 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[ast 


AsPE,  t.j  Spain,  prov.  Valencia.  P. 
6,744. 

AsPEBEN,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
P.  1,127: 

AsPERG,  a  town  of  Wurtemberg.  P. 
1,500.  Near  it  is  the  castle  of  Hohen- 
Asperg,  on  a  steep  rock. 

AsPERN,  a  vill.  of  Austria,  5  m.  E.N.E. 
Vienna,  celebrated  for  the  defeat  of  Na- 
poleon by  the  Austrians  under  Archduke 
Charles,  May,  1809. 

AsPET,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  H.  Gar- 
rone.     P.  2,573. 

AspiNWALL,  a  newly  laid  out  city  on 
the  inland  of  Manzanilla,  in  the  N.E.  of 
Navy  bay,  on  the  Atlantic  side  of  the 
isthmus  of  Panama,  7  m.  B.  from  Cha- 
gres.  It  was  founded  by  Panaipa  E,.  R. 
Co.,  &  named  after  an  eminent  New  York 
merchant. 

AsPRiEREs,  a  eomm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Aveyron.     P.  1,443. 

AspROMONTE,  a  town  of  the  Sardinian 
States.    P.  1,590. 

AspROPOTAMO,  the  largest  river  of  the 
kgdm.  of  Greece.     Length  100  m. 

AspULL,  a  township,  of  England,  co. 
Lancaster.     P.  2,772. 

Aspuzi,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor,  pash. 
Marash. 

AssACA,  a  prov.  of  Africa,  Gold  coast, 
with  a  town  of  same  name.  P.  2,000 
men. 

Assam,  a  Brit.  prov.  of  Further-India, 
presid.  Bengal.  Area,  18,200  sq.  m.  P. 
603,000. 

AssAHLO,  a  town  of  Turkey  in  Europe. 

Assaye,  a  small  town  of  Hindostan, 
prov.  Berar,  in  Nizam's  doms.,  memora- 
ble as  the  place  where  the  Duke  of  Wel- 
lington (then  Gen.  Wellesley)  commenced 
his'  career  of  victory,  23d  Sept.  1803,  by 
defeating,  with  4,500  men,  the  combined 
forces  of  Scindia  &  the  iSTagpoor  Raja, 
amounting  to  30,000  men. 

AsscHE,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov.  S. 
Brabant.    P.  5,238. 

AssEN,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  on 
the  Hoorn-diep.    P.  1,316. 

AssENDELFT,  a  vill.  of  the  Nether- 
lands.   P.  2,711. 

AssENEDE,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov. 
E.  Flanders.    P.  3,984. 

AssENHEiM,  a  town  of  Germany,  Hes- 
sen-Darmstadt.  P.  704,  with  a  castle  of 
the  count  of  Solms-Rodelheim. 

AssENs,  a  maritime  town  of  Denmark, 
isl.  Fiihnen.    P.  2,700. 

AssERiA,  a  town  of  Dalmatia,  with 
ruins  which  show  that  it  has  once  been  a 
splendid  city. 

AssiNiBOiNB,  a  river  of  British  N. 


America,  N.W.  territory,  flowing  into  the 
S.  extremity  of  lake  Winnipeg. 

AssiNiE,  a  country  of  Upper  Guinea. 

Assisi,  a  town  of  Pontif.  states.  P. 
5,000.  Assisi  has  been  a  bishop's  see 
ever  since  a.d.  240.  ^ 

Asso,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy.     P^  1,500. 

II.  a  town  &  fort  N.W.  coast  of  the 

isl.  of  Cephalonia. 

Assouan,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Nile  near  the  borders 
of  Nubia.  It  has  remains  of  a  wall,  a 
mosque,  &  other  ruins  of  Syene. 

AssuAY,  the  most  S.  dep.  of  Ecuador, 
S.  Amer.  Area,  254,000  sq.  m.  It  com- 
prises a  part  of  the  Andean  Cordillera, 
&  the  upper  basin  of  the  Amazon  riv. 
Chief  towns,'  Cuen^a,  Loxa,  Jaca,  & 
Borja.  The  principal  article  of  produce 
is  the  cinchona  bark.  There  are  silver 
mines  at  Los  Azoques,  but  they  are  not 
wrought  to  advantage. 

Ai=s0MPTiOKr,  pa..  La.,  in  the  middle 
of  the  S.E.  part  of  the  state.  Cap.  As- 
sumption c.  H..  cotton,  sugar,  &  some 
oranges,  one  college.     P.  10,538. 

Assumption,  one  of  the  Marianne  isls., 
Pacific  ocean.     [Asuncion.] 

Assumption,  a  vill.  &  riv.  L.  Canada, 
N.  America. 

Assynt,  a  very  extensive  marit.  pa.  of 
Scotland,  CO.  Sutherland.  Area,  100.000 
ac.  P.  3,178.  In  this  district  the  Mar- 
quis of  Montrose  was  defeated  &  taken 
prisoner. 

Assyria,  the  name  of  the  first  great 
empire  of  antiquity  celeb,  in  Holy  Writ. 
Assyria-Proper  was  a  region  E.  of  the 
Tigris,  the  cap.  Nineveh,  &.  derived  its 
name  from  Asshur,  the  second  son  of 
Shem. 

A^TAFFORT,  a  town  of  France,  Lot-et- 
Gar.     P.  1,318. 

AsTAHA,  a  riv.  of  Georgia,  flowing  into 
the  Caspian  sea.  It  has  a  Russian  fort 
of  same  name  on  its  banli. 

AsTEN,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands,  prov. 
North  Brabant.     P.  2,882. 

AsTi,  an  episcop.  city  of  Piedmont,  cap. 
prov.  of  same  name,  near  the  confl.  of 
the  Belbo  with  the  Tanaro.     P.  24,280. 

AsTiER  (St.),  a  town  and  comm.  of 
France.  P.  2,546.  Alfieri  was  born  here, 
Jan.  17,  1749. 

AsTON,  town  of  Delaware  co.  Penn. 
Cap.  in  manufs.  $103,700.     P.  1,469. 

Astor,  or  Hasara,  a  riv.  &  fort  of 
Central  Asia. 

Astorga,  a  walled  town  of  Spain.  P. 
3,000. 

Astoria,  p-v.,  Newtown,  Queens  co. 
N.  Y.,  just  below  Hell  Gate.    P.  2, 100. 


^•'?*i5* 


ath] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


61 


AsTOEiA,  p-T.,  Butler  co.  Ohio. 

Astoria,  p-v.,  Fulton  co.  Illinois. 

Astoria,  a  trading  post,  8  m.  from 
mouth  of  Columbia  riv.,  founded  in  1811. 

AsTEABAD,  a  city  of  N.  Persia,  cap. 
prov.  of  same  name,  situated  near  the 
S.E.  corner  of  the  Caspian  sea  &  Astrabad 
bay.    P.  4,000. 

Astrakhan,  or  Astracan,  a  gov.  & 
administrative  prov.  of  Russia.  Area, 
50,000  sq.  m.    P.  234,400. 

Astrakhan,  a  city  of  S.  Russia,  cap. 
gov.  of  same  name,  formerly  cap.  of  a 
Tartar  kgdm.,  built  on  one  of  the  isls. 
formed  by  the  Volga,  at  its  embouch.  in 
the  Caspian  sea.  P.  43,703.  It  consists 
of  a  citadel  called  the  AremZire,  the  city- 
proper,  &  the  suburbs.  It  has  numerous 
churches,  includ.  the  cathed.  built  by 
Peter  the  Great. 

Astros,  a  town  of  Greece,  Morea,  dcp. 
Cynuria.  Here  the  seconddtiational  con- 
gress of  the  Greeks  was  held  in  April, 
1823. 

AsTUEA,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.  P.  250.  It  has  a  small  harbor,  & 
a  lofty  tower,  supposed  to  occupy  the  site 
of  the  villa  of  Cicero,  &  near  which  he 
was  put  to  death  by  order  of  Antony, 
B.  c.  43.  Here  Conradin,  the  last  of  the 
HohenstaufFen  family,  was  betrayed  after 
the  battle  of  Tagliacozzo,  in  1268. 

AsTURiAs,  a  divis.  of  Spain,  of  which 
was  formed  in  1833  the  prov.  of  Oviedo. 
Area,  3,460  sq.  m.  P.  434,635.  Surface 
mntnous.  &  wooded ;  climate  damp,  & 
often  foggy.  Asturias  having  been  the 
nucleus  of  the  Spanish  monarchy,  as  the 
refuge  of  the  Christian  princes  when  the 
Moors  had  estab.  themselves  in  nearly 
all  the  rest  of  Spain,  its  inhabs.  still  enjoy 
peculiar  privileges,;  and  the  heir  pre- 
sumptive to  the  Spanish  throne  has  the 
title  of  Prince  of  Asturias. 

Asuncion,  a  town  of  the  Rep.  of  Ve- 
nezuela, cap.  &  on  N.  side  of  the  isle  of 
Marguerite. 

Asuncion,  the  cap.  city  of  Paraguay, 
on  the  Paraguay  riv.  P.  10,000.  It  is 
badly  built,  &  un  paved ;  and  its  chief 
edifices,  the  cathed.  and  govern. -house, 
are  very  mean  structures ;  but  it  is  the 
centre  of  a  considerable  trade  in  hides, 
tobacco,  timber,  Paraguay  tea,  &  wax. 

Asylum,  p-t.,  Bradford  co.  Pa.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  riv.  Wyalusing  falls  are 
here.     P.  947. 

AsYR  or  AcYR,  an  extens.  prov.  of 
Arabia,  in  the  'N.  of  Yemen.  It  is  very 
populous,  &  its  warlike  inhabs.  have 
long  resisted  the  troops  of  Mohammed 
AH. 


AszoD,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  Pesth. 
P.-2,220. 

Atacama,  a  marit.  prov.  of  Bolivia, 
dep.  Potosi. 

Atalaya,  a  town  of  Brazil.    P.  2,000. 

II.  a  singular  town  of  the  isl.  Canary, 

near  Las  Palmas ;  the  habitations  of 
which  are  excavated  on  the  sides  of 
Mount  St.  Antoine,  and  disposed  in  reg- 
ular terraces.     P.  2,000. 

AsviTATADA,  an  isl.  of  a  group,  Indian 
ocean.     [Queeimba  Islands.] 

Ataeaipu  ("Devil's  Rock"),  a  mntn. 
&  one  of  the  greatest  natural  wonders 
of  British  Guiana.  It  is  a  pyramidal 
granite  rock,  rising  abruptly  to  1,300  feet 
above  the  sea,  &  wooded  to  the  height 
of  about  350  ft.,  but  bare  in  the  resf  of 
its  extent. 

Ataun,  a  decayed  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Guipuscoa.     P.  1,800. 

Atbara,    a  riv.  N.E.  Africa.       [Ta- 

CAZZE.] 

Atchafalaya,  an  outlet  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, 147  m.  in  length,  &  forming  the 
W.  boundary  of  the  delta  of  that  riv.  It 
is  not  navigable  on  account  of  rafts. 

Atcheea.  a  town  of  British  India,  Bom- 
bay, on  the  Malabar  coast. 

Atchison,  a  new  ch.  of  Missouri  P. 
1,678. 

Ategerat,  a  town  of  Abyssinia,  state 
Tigre,  on  a  mntn.  8,180  ft.  in  elevation. 
P.  2,200. 

-  Ateeno,  a  riv.  of  Naples.  Length,  50 
m.  In  its  latter  half  it  is  called  the  Pes- 
cara  riv.  &  separates  Abr.  Citra'from 
Abr.  Ultra. 

Ateshga,  the  source  of  the  sacred  fire, 
which  has  burned  &  been  worshipped  from 
the  most  remote  antiquity  by  the  Ghe- 
bers  of  Asia,Russian  Transeaucapsia,prov. 
Shirvan.  In  a  court  here,  surrounded  by 
the  cells  of  anchorites,  is  a  small  temple, 
from  the  four  corners  of  which  the  in- 
flammable gas  issues  ont  of  tubes  placed 
in  the  earth,  the  vapor  being  a  mixture 
of  proto-carburet  of  hydrogen  with  a 
little  naphtha. 

Atessa,  a  town  of  Naples.     P.  8,000. 

Atfeh,  a  vill.  of  Lower  Egypt,  on  1.  b. 
of  W.  branch  of  the  Nile,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Mahmoudieh  canal. 

Atfieh,  a  town  of  Middle  Egypt.  P. 
4,000. 

Ath,  a  .town  of  Belgium,  prov.  Hai- 
nault,  on  the  Dender.     P.  8,789. 

Athabasca,  a  lake  &  riv.  in  British 
N.  America. 

Athelstaneford,  pa.  of  Scotl.  The 
tragedy  of  Douglas  was  written  by  Home 
while  incumbent  of  this  parish. 


52 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[ati 


Athenry,  a  town   &  pa.  of  Ireland, 
Connaught.     P.  5,988  ;  of  town,  1,236. 

Athens,  Athtnce,  the  Cap.  of  the  king- 
dom of  Greece,  or  Hellas,  &,  of  the  gov. 
of  Attica,  is  situated  in  a  small  plain  on 
the  N.W.  side  of  the  gulf  of  Egina,  betw. 
the  rivs.  Ilissus  E.,  &  Cephissus  W.,  5 
m.  from  its  harbor,  the  Piraeus.  P.  27,- 
800,  incl.  garrison  of  1,500  men.  It  is 
the  resid.  of  the  sovereign,  the  seat  of  a 
university,  &  supreme  courts  of  the 
archbishop  of  Attica.  The  Acropolis, 
or  anc.  centre  of  Athens,  on  which  niost 
of  its  noblest  monuments  are  placed,  is 
an  isol.  rocky  height,  rising  150  ft.  above 
the  adjacent  plain,  &  1,138  ft.  above  the 
level  of  the  sea.  Its  summit  is  enclosed 
by  walls  2,330  yds.  in  circuit.  The  mod. 
city  is  built  mostly  on  its  W.  &  N.  sides. 
The  new  palace,  built  betw.  1836  &  1843, 
at  the  foot  of  Mount  Lycabettus,  &  about 
a  ;|^  m.  fronj  the  centre  of  the  city,  is  a 
quadrangular  building,  300  ft.  in  length 
by  280  in  breadth,  with  two  internal 
courts,  a  portico  of  Pentelic  marble,  & 
richly  decorated  apartments.  In  front 
is  a  square,  in  which  the  bloodless  revolu- 
tion of  Sept.  15th,  1844,  was  enacted. 
The  university  (founded  in  1836),  is  the 
finest  mod.  building,  &  contains  an  ana- 
tomical theatre,  &  a  library  of  28,000  vols, 
with  34  professors  &  teachers,  &,  (in  1845) 
195  students.  Athens  is  reputed  to  have 
been  founded  by  Cecrops,  e.g.  1336  ;  itfell 
to  Rome,  B.C.  86,  since  then  it  has  belonged 
successively  to  Goths,  Byzantines,  Bur--^ 
gundians,  Franks,  Catalans,  Florentines, 
Venetians,  &  Turks.  Princip.  antiqui- 
ties the  Acropolis  or  anc.  citadel  sur- 
mounted by  the  Parthenon,  an  edifice  of 
white  marble,  228  ft.  in  length  by  100 
ft.  in  breadth,  &  still  tolerably  perfect  ; 
the  Erechtheium,  a  building  90  ft.  in 
length  ;  remains  of  the  Temple  of  the 
Wingless  Victory,  recently  restored  in  a 
judicious  manner  by  the  gov. ;  the  Pro- 
pylaea,  or  grand  entrance  in  front  of  the 
foregoing  temples  ;  &  the  theatre  of 
He^odes  Atticus  at  the  S.W.  angle  of  the 
Acropolis.  N.  of  the  Areopagus  is  .the 
Temple  of  Theseus,  one  of  the  most  per- 
fect monuments  of  anc.  Athens,  having 
34  remaining  Doric  columns  outside,  & 
containing  a  rich  museum  of  antiquities. 
Areopagus  or  Mars'  Hill,  where  St.  Paul 
addressed  the  Athenians,  the  Pnyx, 
where  popular  meetings  were  held,  the 
Eleusinium,,  the  prison  of  Socrates,  & 
Tower  of  the  Winds,  vestiges  of  the  tem- 
ple &  theatre  of  Bacchus,  the  Grotto  of 
Apollo  &  Pan.  Outside  of  the  city,  16 
Corinthian  columns,  60  ft.  in  height,  on 


a  raised  platform,  reinain  of  the  temple 
of  Jupiter  Olympius,  &  near  the  Ilissus, 
the  Stadium  or  ancient  race-course  is 
still  traceable.     Athens  became  the  seat 

of  the  Greek  gov.  in  1835. II.  p-t., 

Somerset    co.  Maine.     P.  1,427. III. 

p-t.,    Windham    co.   Vermont. IV. 

CO.  Ohio,  in  the  S.E.  part  of  the  state,  on 
the  Ohio  riv.  Area,  740  sq.  m.  Soil 
productive.  Lime,  freestone,  clay  for 
brick,  &  bituminous  coal  are  found. 
Chf.  prod.,  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  sugar, 
&  salt  are  produced.  1  newsp.,  1  uni- 
versity,   1   acad.     P.   18,215. V.  p-v. 

&  cap.  of  Athens  co.  Ohio,  on  a  penin- 
sula, formed  by  a  bend  of  the  Hock- 
hocking  riv.  The  Ohio  university  is 
here.  It  has  a  president,  5  professors, 
165  students.  &  alibrary  of  2,500  vols.   P. 

898. VI. 'p-t..  Green  co.  N.  Y.,  on- the 

^Y.  side  of  Hudson  riv.   P.  2,387. VII. 

town,  Crawford    co.    Pennsyl. VIII. 

Harrison  CO.  Ohio.  P.  1,439. IX.  p-v. 

&  cap.  of  Clarke  co.  Ga.     The  Georgia 

university  is  here.   P.  3,795. X.  p-v., 

cap.   Limestone    co.    Ala. XI.    p-v. 

cap.    M'Minn    co.   Tenn.     P.  1,000. 

XII.   p-v.,  Sangamon  co.  111. XIII. 

p-v.  cap.  of  Izard  co.  Ark. 

Atherstone,  town  of  Engl.,  co.  War- 
wick.    P.  3,743. 

Athis,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Orne. 
P.  4,449. 

Athol,  a  town  &  pari.  bor.  of  Ireland. 
P.  10,724. 

Athol,  dis.  of  Scotl.  &  port  of  Perth- 
shire.  II.    p-t.,  Worcester    co.  Mass. 

P.  1,591. III.  p-t.,  Warren  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  1,210. 

Athos,  Mount,  a  celeb,  mntn.  of  Greece 
6,778  ft.  high.  Previous  to  the  late 
Greek  insurrection  the  flanks  of  this 
mntn.  were  occupied  by  several  villages, 
&  22  convents,  besides  500  chapels,  cells 
&  grottoes,  which  served  as  a  habitation 
for  more  than  4,000  monks  ;  those  called 
hermits  lived  in  caves.  This  was  the 
seat  of  the  first  ecclesiastical  seminary 
of  the  Greek  church,  &  its  most  cele- 
brated theological  school ;  here  also  was 
preserved  the  remains  of  the  famous 
libraries  which  furnished  to  learned 
Europe  the  MSS.  of  so  many  master- 
pieces of  anc.  Greek  lite'rature. 

Atienza,  a  town  of  Spain,  Old  Castile, 
prov.     P.  2,000. 

Atina,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  T.  di 
Lavoro.     P.  6,000. 

Atitlan,  a  lake,  town,  &  volcano, 
Central  America,  Guatemala.  The  lake  is 
24  m.  in  length  E.  to  W.,  by  10  m.  in 
breadth,  very  deep,  &  surrounded  by  lofty 


ATx] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


53 


nintns.  The  town,  Santiago  de  Atitlan,  is 
on  its  S.  side,  betw.  two  volcanoes.  Ele- 
vation of  the  volcano  of  Atitlan  12,500  ft. 

Atkah.sk,  a  town  of  Russia.    P.  1,300. 

Atkha,  one  of  the  Andreanov  (Aleu- 
tian) isls.  N.  Pacific. 

Atkinson,  p-t.,  Piscatiquis  co.  Me.    P. 

704. II.   p-t,  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. 

Here  an  isl.  of  7  or  8  ae.  in  a  meadow, 
sometimes  overflowed  by  means  of  an  ar- 
tificial dam,  rises  with  the  water  to  the 
■  height  of ^  ft.,  &  also  settles  as  the  water 
subsides.     P.  557. 

Atlantic  Ocea^n,  one  of  the  five  great 
hydrographical  divisions  of  the  globe,  oc- 
cupies an  immense  longitudinal  valley,  & 
extends  from  the  Arctic  circle  on  the  N. 
to  the  Antarctic  circle  on  the  S.  Its  ex- 
treme breadth  is  about  5,000  m.,  &  its 
area  is  computed  at  25,000,000  sq.  m.  It 
is  naturally  divided  into  three  portions  : 
1st,  the  N. ;  2d,  the  S  ;  &  3d,  the  inter- 
tropical Atlantic.  The  North  sea,  or  Ger- 
man ocean,  the  Caribbean  sea,  &  the  Irish 
sea,  form  portions  of  the  Atlantic.  The 
principal  gulfs  of  the  Atlantic  are,  in  Eu- 
rope, the  bay  of  Biscay ;  in  Africa,  the 
gulf  of  Guinea  ;  in  America,  the  gulf  of 
Mexico,  &  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  The 
chf  isls.  are,  in  Europe,  the  British  isles 
&  Iceland  ;  in  Africa,  the  Azores,  Madeira, 
&  Canary  isls.,  &  the  archiiaelago  of  the 
gulf  of  Guinea ;  in  America,  the  Antilles, 
Newfoundland,  &  the  islands  of  the  gulf 
of  St.  Lawrence.  The  bed  of  the  Atlantic 
is  very  unequal  in  elevation,  in  some 
places  rising  in  immense  sand  banks  to 
within  a  few  fathoms  of  the  surface,  &  in 
others  sinking  to  unfathomable  depths. 
The  most  extensive  banks  are  those  of 
Newfoundland,  the  Dogger  bank  in  the 
German  ocean,  &  the  Agulhas  bank  off 
the  S.  point  of  Africa.  The  principal  cur- 
rents of  the  Atlantic  are,  the  Equatorial 
current,  which  flows  from  the  coast  of  Af- 
rica to  the  Caribbean  sea,  with  a  velocity 
of  from  30  to  70  m.  a  day  ;  &  the  Gulf 
Stream,  which,  leaving  the  gulf  of  Mex- 
ico, flows  through  the  strait  of  Florida, 
with  a  velocity  of  80  m.  a  day,  &  a  temp, 
of  86°  Fahr.,  &  extends  with  a  gradually 
decreasing  velocity  &  diminished  temp,  to 

the  Apores. II.  co.,  N.  J.,  in  the  S. 

part  of  the  state.  Area,  550  sq.  m.  The 
Atlantic  ocean  lies  on  its  S.E.  border.  Soil 
light;  cap.  May's  Landing.     P.  9,961. 

Atlas,  a  celeb,  but  little  known  mntn. 
system  of  N.  Africa.  The  principal  chain 
appears  to  extend  from  near  Cape  Nun, 
on  the  Atlantic,  to  the  E.  of  the  great 
Syrtis  in  Tripoli.  The  highest  known 
points  of  the  system  are  situated  in  Mo- 


rocco. The  name  Little  Atlas  is  applied, 
to  the  secondary  range  of  the  country  of 
Sous,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  Great 
Atlas,  which  is  confined  tci  the  elev.  mntns. 
of  Morocco.  The  highest  points  are  thus, 
Morocco,  12,789  ft.;    Algeria,  7,673  ft.; 

Tunis,  4,476  ft. ;  Tripoli,  3,200  ft. II. 

p-v..  Pike  CO.  111. III.  t.,  Lapeer  co. 

Mich. 

Atoll,  or  Atollon,  the  name  applied 
to  the  sev.  groups  of  coral  isls.,  composing 
the  Maldive  isls.,  in  the  Indian  ocean.  An 
atoll  or  lagoon  island  is  a  circular  reef  of 
coral  formation,  rising  out  of  the  sea  & 
enclosing  a  lagoon. 

Atorkou,  one  of  the  Kurile  isls. 
[Itubup.] 

Atouai,  one  of  the  Sandwich  isls.,  Pa- 
cific, lat.  21°  57'  N. ;  Ion.  159°  39'  W. 
Estim.  area,  500  sq.  m. 

Atouquia,  a  marit.  town  of  Portugal, 
Estremadura,  42  m.  N.  by  W.  Lisbon. 

Ateani,  a  maritime  vill.  of  Naples, 
on  the  G.  of  Salerno,  1  m.  N.E.  Amalfi. 
P.  2,000. 

Athato,  a  riv.  of  S.  Amer.,  New  Gra- 
nada, dep.  Choco,  which,  after  a  N.-ward 
course  of  about  200  m.,  enters  the  G.  of 
Darien.  It  is  navig.  for  small  vessels  to 
Citara,  140  m.  from  its  source. 

Atki,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Abruzzo, 
on  a  steep  mntn.,  5  m.  froiii  the  Adriatic. 
P.  6,600. 

Athipalda,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
princip.,  near  the  Sabato.     P.  4,000. 

Attah,  a  considerable  town  of  Africa, 
Guinea,  near  the  Quorra. 

Attaie,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  S.  of  the 
Chumbul  prov. 

Atttala,  county.  Miss.,  in  central  part 
of  the  state.  Soil  indifferent.  Cap.  Kos- 
ciusko. Tobacco,  rice,  &  cotton ;  1  newsp. 
P.  10,999. 

Attam,  a  considerable  town  of  Africa, 
on  the  Old  Calabar  riv. 

Attawal,  an  isl.  of  the  Red  sea,  near 
the  Arabian  coast. 

ATTENnoRN,  a  town  of  Prus.  Westpha- 
lia, 20  m.  S.S.W.  Arnsberg.     P.  1,537. 

Attercliffe,  a  township  of  Engl.,  co. 
York.     P.  4,156. 

Attert,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  ofi  sm.  riv. 
of  sanje  name.     P.  2,216. 

Attica,  a  gov.  of  the  kgdm.  of  Greece, 
in  anc.  times  its  most  celebrated  region. 
Princip.  mntns.  Oxea,  4,636  ft.,  &  Elatea, 
4,629  ft.,  Pentelicus  &  Hymettus.  Chief 
rivs.  the  Cephissus  &  Ilissus.  Soil  calca- 
reous &  dry,  producing  little  corn  or  pas- 
turage, but  abounding  with  odoriferous 
plants  ;  honey,  oil,  &  marble  are  its  chf. 
products.    It  comprises  the  Greek  cap. 


54 


CYCLOPAEDIA   OF   GKOGRAPHT. 


[auk 


Atliens,^  its  port  Piraeus,  &  the  towns  Me- 

gara  &  Marathon. II.  p-t.,  Wyoming 

CO.  N.  Y.    P.  2,363. 

Attigny,  Attiniacum,  a  town  &  coram. 
of  France,  dep.  Ai-demieSj  on  the  1.  b.  of 
the  Aisne.     P.  1,365. 

Attinghausen,  a  vUl.  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  TJri,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Reuss. 

Attlebohough,  a  town  of  England,  eo. 

Norfolk.    P.  1,959. II.    p-t.,    Bristol 

CO.  Mass.     Incorp.  1,694.     P.  3,585. 

Attock,  a  fort  &  small  town  of  Hin- 
dostan,  Punjab,  on  the  Indus.  Elev.  above 
the  sea,  799  ft.     P.  2,000. 

Attooe,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  -presid. 
Madras,  dist. 

Attou,  the  largest  of  the  Aleutian  isls. 
Pacific  ocean.  Lat.  52°  57'  N.,  Ion.  172° 
15'  W. 

'  Attruck:,  a  riv.  of  Persia,  Khorassan, 
near  the  frontier  of  Khiva. 

Atuees,  a  town  of  S.  America,  Venez, 
on  the  Orinoco. 

Atwatee,  p-t..  Portage  co.  0. 

Atwick,  a  pa.  of  England,  co.  York, 
E.  riding. 

Atwood's  Key,  a  small  isl.  of  the 
W.  Indies. 

Atzendorf,  a  vill.  of  Prus.  Saxony. 
P.  1,235. 

Atzgersdoef,  a  viU.  of  Austria.  P. 
1,900. 

AuBAGNE,  Albania,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
Prance,  dep.  Bouches-du-RhOne.  P.  3,887. 
Birth-place  of  the  Abbe  Barthelemy. 

Aube,  a  riv.  of  Eranee,  rises  in  the 
plateau  of  Langres,  &  joins  the  Seine, 
after  a  course  of  90  m. 

Aube,  a  dep.  of  France.    P.  265,247. 

AuBEL,  a  town  of  Belg.     P.  3,156. 

Aubenas,  a  comm.  &  town,  France, 
dep.  Ard^che.     P.  4,262. 

AuBENTON,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aisne,  with  1,593  inhabs. 

AuBEET  (St.),'  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Nord,  arrond.  Cambray. 
P.  2,437. 

AuBERviLLiERs,  a  viU.  of  France,  dep. 
Seine.     P.  2,444. 

AuBETEREE,  a  comm.  &  small  town  of 
France,  dep.  Charente,  on  the  Dronne. 

AuBiEHE,  &  Les  Aubiers,  two  towns 
of  France.     P.  3,183.    P.  1,800. 

AuBiGNY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Cher,  on  the  Nere.     P.  2,381. 

AuBUEN,    p-t.,    Worcester    co.  Mass. 

P.  649.^ II.  p-v.,  capital  Cayuga  co., 

N.  Y.  A  state  prison  is  here,  &  one  which 
is  considered  a  model  for  such  institu- 
tions ;    also    a    theo.   seminary   of   the 

Presbyterians.     P.  9,548. III.  p-t., 

Granger  eo.  0.    P.  1,198. IV.  p-v., 


Sangamon  op.  111. V.  p-v.,  Susoiue- 

hanna  co.  Pa.    P.  1,113. 

Atjbonne,  a  town  of  Switzerland. 
P.  1,600. 

AuBiN,  or  Albik,  a  town  &  comm. 
of  France,  dep.  Aveyron.     P.  1,537. 

AuBiN  (St.),  is  the  name  of  many  vills. 
in  France. 

AuBiN  (St.),  a  small  marit.  town  & 

fortress,  isl.   of  Jersey.     P.  2,131. 

II.  a  vill.  Switzerl.     P.  1,000. III.  a 

vill.  of  France.  lUe-et-Vilaine,  arr. 
Rennes.     P.  1,300. 

Aubin-du-Coemier,  t.  of  France.  P. 
1,806. 

Aubusson,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Creuse.    P.  (1846)  4,828. 

AucH,  a  comm.  &  city,  France.  Gers, 
on  the  Gers.     P.  (1846)  7,572. 

AucHTERARDER,  a  town  of  Scotlaud. 
P.  3,434. 

AucHTERMUCHTY,  a  royal  burgh  of 
Scotland,  co.  Fife.     P.  3,356. 

Auckland,  town  of  New  Zealand,  in 
the  northern  part  of  N.  island,  at  the 
head  of  Waitimata  bay.     P.  2,754. 

Auckland  Islands,  a  group  of  one 
large  &  several  small  islands  in  the  S. 
Pacific  ocean,  S.  New  Zealand,  lat  50° 
48'  S. ;  Ion.  166°  42'  E. 

Aufois,  a  vill.  of  Savoy,  7,693  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea,  celeb,  as  the 
most  elevated  village  in  Europe. 

AuDE,  Atax,  a  river  of  France,  rises 
in  the  E.  Pyrenees,  near  the  vill.  of 
Angles,  flows  at  first  N.  to  Carcassonne, 
then  E.  to  the  Mediterranean. 

AuDE,  a  marit.  dep.,  S.  of  France.  P. 
289,747. 

Audenarde,  a  town  of  Belgium,  pro- 
vince of  East  Flanders,  on  the  Scheldt. 
P.  6,262. 

AuDENGE,  a  comm.  &  vUl.  of  France. 
P.  1,078. 

AuDENHAiN-,  a  vill.  of  Pruss.  Saxony. 
P.  1,070. 

AuDENSHAw,  a  tnship.  of  England, 
CO.  Lancaster.     P.  5,374. 

AuDiERNE,  a  town  of  FrancS,  dep. 
Finist^re,  port  on  the  bay  of  Aude. 
P.  1,446. 

AuDiNcouRT,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Doubs.     P.  2,024. 

Audrain,  county.  Mo.,  central  toward 
the  E.  part  of  the  state.  Area,  435  sq. 
m.  Level  &  produc,  cap.  Mexico.  Ind. 
corn  &  tobacco  are  produced.   _  P.  3,506. 

AuDEuicci,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Pas  de  Calstis.     P.  1,165. 

Aueebach,  towns  &  vills.,  Germany. 

1,  kgdm.  of  Saxony.     P.  3,117. ■ 

II.  Bavaria,  circ.  Upp.  Franconia.     P. 


AUR 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


S5 


1,750. III.  Hessen-Darmstadt,  proT. 

Starkenburg,  with  1,600  inhabs. 

Atjersberg,  a  vill.  &  castle  of  Austria, 
Illyria. 

AuEKSTADT,  a  vill.  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
gov.  Merseburg. 

AuGE  (Vallee  d'),  a  country  of  France, 
in  the  dep.  Calvados. 

AuGEROLLEs,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Puy-de-Dume.     P.  2,730. 

AuGGUR,  a  populous  town  of  Hindos- 
tan,  G  walior  dom. 

AuGHNACLOY,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
Ulster,  CO.  Tyrone.     P.  1,841. 

AuGiLA,  an  oasis  &  t.  of  Africa,  Sahara, 
on  a  route  betw.  Fezzan  &  Lr.  Egypt. 

Auglaize,  t.,  Allen  co.  0. II.  t., 

Paulding  CO.,  0. III.  r.  in  Ohio  &  br. 

of  Maumee. IV.  a  eo.  of  Ohio.     P. 

11,338. 

Augsburg,  a  city  of  Bavaria,  cap.  circ. 
S^abia  at  the  confl'.  of  the  rivers  Lech  & 
Wertach.  P.  37,000.  Here  is  the  palace 
of  the  former  prince-bps.,  in  which  the 
memorable  "  Confession  of  Augsburg" 
was  presented  by  the  Protestants  to 
Charles  V.  in  1530  ;  arts,  polytechnic  & 
other  schools,  an  extensive  library,  &  a 
picture  gallery.  It  publishes  the  cele- 
brated Allegemeine  Zeitung  or  Augsburg 
Gazette,  the  circulation  of  which  is  up- 
wards of  10,000  copies. 

Augusta,  p-t.,  capitj^.1  of  Kennebec 
CO.  &  state  of  Me.,  is  on  Kennebec  r.  43 
m.  from  the  ocean.,'  P.  8,225.  It  is 
regularly  laid  out  and  contains  a  state 
house,  court  house,  TJ.  S.  arsenal,  insane 
hospital  &  academy.  The  state  house  is 
a  beautiful  building  of  white  granite. 
There  is  a  splendid  dam  across  the  Kenne- 
bec half  a  m.  above  the  village,  built  at 
an  expense  of  $300,000.  The  pond  form- 
ed by  this  dam  extends  16  ms. II.  p-t., 

Oneida  co.  N.  Y.     P.  2,175. III.  p-t., 

Northumberland  eo.  Pa.     P.  2,409. 

IV.  p-t.,    Carroll  co.  0.      P.  1,234. 

V.  p-v.,     Des     Moines    co.   Iowa. 

VI.  C.  H.   Bracken   eo.  Ky.       P.  786. 

■ VII.  county,  Va.,  central  in  the  W. 

dist.  Area,  900  sq.  m.  Soil  fertile. 
Chief  prod,  wheat.  Cap.  Staunton. 
Furnaces,   tanneries,    &  distilleries.     1 

newsp.,  2  acad.  P.  24,610. VIII.  city, 

&  cap.  of  Richmond  co.  Ga.,  on  the  Sa- 
vannah riv.  It  is  well-built  with  streets 
crossing  each  other  at  right  angles.  It 
has  the  county  buildings,  an  arsenal, 
hospital  &  female  asylum.  It  has  an 
extensive    trade    in    cotton  &   tobacco, 

6  newsp.,  3  acad.    P.  9,553. IX.  p-v., 

capital    of   Perry    co.    Miss. X.  t., 

Washtenaw  co.  Mich.    P.  646. 


Augusta,  a  settlement,  W.  Australia, 
dist.  Sussex. 

Augustenborg,  St,  Danish  factory  of 
Africa,  Accra,  Guinea  coast. 
^   AuGusTiN  (St.),  a  river  &  bay,  Labra- 
dor, British  K.  America,  near  the  S.  en- 
trance of  the  strait  of  Belleisle. II.  a 

cape,  Brazil.  Lat.  8°  21'  S. ;  Ion.  34°  56' 
W.  This  was  the  first  discovered  land  in 
S.  America,  seen  by  Penzon,  a.d.  1500. 

Augustine  (St.),  a  bay  on  the  S.W. 
coast  of  Madagascar. 

Augustine  (St.),  city  and  port  of  St. 
John's  CO.  Fla.  P.  1,934.  Pleasantly 
situated  on  a  peninsula,  2  m.  from  the 
shore  of  Atlantic.  Fort  Marion,  at  N. 
end  of  the  town,  commands  the  harbor. 

Augustowo,  prov.  of  Poland. II. 

to'.vn  in  prov.  of  same  name.    P.  7,321. 

Aula,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  duchy  of 
Modena,  on  the  Aula.     P.  1,800. 

AuLAY  (St.),  a  com.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Dordogne,  on  the  Dronne.    P.  1,397. 

Auldearn,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Nairn,  on  Moray  firth.     P.  1,466. 

Auletta,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
princip.  Cit.,  on  the  Calore.    P.  2,100. 

Aulnay-sur-Odon,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Calvados.     P.  1,984. 

AuLNE,  a  riv.  of  France,  dep.  Finist^re. 

Ault,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Somme,  on  the  English  channel.  P.  1,371. 

Auma,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  of 
Saxe  Weimar,  on  the  Orla.     P.  1,600. 

AuMALE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-Inf ,  on  the  Bresle.  P.  1,695. 
In  1592,  it  was  the  scene  of  a  combat 
with  the  Spaniards,  in  which  Henry  IV. 
was  wounded. 

AuMNiER,  a  populous  town  of  India, 
dom.  Nagpoor,  on  the  Wurda. 

AuNAY,  a  comm.  &  town,  France,  dep. 

Charente-Inf.     P.  1,780. II.  a  vill., 

dep.  Nievre.     P.  1,144. III.  a  vill., 

dep.  Eure-et-Loire.    P.  1,021. 

AuNEAu,  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Eure-et-Loire.    P.  1,616. 

AuNEUiL,  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Oise,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,285. 

AuNis,  an  old  prov.  of  France,  bettr. 
Saintonge,  Poitou,  and  the  Atlantic. 

Aups,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Var.    P.  2,568. 

AuEAviA,  p-v.,  Lumpkin  co.  Ga.,  in 
the  richest  part  of  her  gold  region. 

Auras,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia. 
P.  1,020. 

AuRAY,  a  river-port  of  France,  dep. 
Morbihan,  on  the  Auray.    P.  3,755.  , 

AuRELius,  p-t.,;  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.     P. 

2,645. II.  town,  Washington  co.  Ohio. 

III.  town,  Ingham  co.  Michigan. 


56 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRA.PHT. 


[aus 


AuRiAc,  and  Aurignac,  two  small 
towns  of  France,  dep.  H.  Garonne. 

AuRiCH,  a  town  of  the  kgdm.  of  Han- 
over.    P.  3,600. 

AuKiGNY,  one  of  the  Channel  isls. 
Alderney.] 

AuRiLLAc,  a  town  of  France,  cap.  dep. 
Cantal,  on  right  bank  of  the  Jourdanne. 
P.  8,484. 

AuKioL,  a  coram.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Bouches-du-Rhone.     P.  2,971. 

AuEONZo,  a  town  of  INT.  Italy,  deleg. 
Belluno.     P.  3,100. 

Aurora,  the  name  of  several  isl.s. 

I.  in  the  Red  sen.,  in  lat.  25*^  15',  &  inhab. 

by  Bedwin  Arabs. II.  Pacific,   Espi- 

rltu  Santo  archipelago,  in  lat.  15°  2'  35" 

S.;  Ion.  168°  25'  15"  E. III.  a  town, 

Erie   CO.  N.  Y.     P.  2,903. IV.  p-v., 

Cavuga  CO.  N.  Y.,  on  Cayuga  lake.     P. 

500. V.  p-v..  Portage  co.  Ohio.     P. 

906. VI.  p-v.,  Racine  co.  Wisconsin. 

VII.  p-v..  Dearborn  co.  Indiana. 

VIII.  p-v.,  Galloway  co.  Kentucky. 

Aurungabad,  an  old  Moorish  prov.,  S. 

India. II.  city  &  cap.  prov.  S.  India. 

P.  60,000. 

AusABLE,  town,  Clintoi^  co.  N".  Y.  P. 
3,222. II.  riv,  in  N.  Y. 

AuscHE,  a  town,  Bohemia,  circ.  Leit- 
mcritz.     P.  1,500. 

Auschwitz,  a  town  of  Austrian-Gali- 
cia,  cap.  duchy,  on  the  Sola.     P.  2,000. 

AuspiTz,  a  town  of  Moravia,  circ. 
Briinn.     P.  2,330. 

AussA,  a  decaj'ed  town  of  E.  Africa, 
Adel,  on  the  sea  of  Bab-el-Mandeb. 

AussEE,  a  town  of  Austria,  Styria.  P. 
1,200.  Its  rich  mines  of  rock  salt  have 
been  worked  for  more  than  1,000  years. 

AussEGG,  a  town  of  Austria,  Bohemia, 
circ.  Leitmeritz,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Elbe.  P. 
1,800. 

AussEN,  a  town  of  Rhenish-Prussia, 
circ.  Saarlouis.    P.  1,164. 

AusT,  a  vill.  of  England,  co.  Glo'ster, 
on  the  Severn. 

Austell  (St.),  a  town  of  Wales,  co. 
Cornwall.     P.  10,320. 

Austin,  co.  Texas.    P.  3,841.     Cap. 

San   Felipe  de  Austin. II.  town  of 

Texas,  on  the  Colorado. III.  a  bay  & 

town  in  Barbadoes. 

AusTiNBUHG,  p-t.,  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio. 
P.  1,047. 

AusTiNTOWN,  t.,  Trumbull  co.  0.  P. 
1,245. 

AusTONLEY,  a  township  of  England, 
CO.  York,  W.  riding.    P.  1,940. 

Australasia,  a  division  of  the  globe 
forming  part  of  Oceania,  consisting  of 
the   continent   of    Australia,   Tasmania 


(Van  Diemen's  Land),  New  Zealand,  & 
those  parts  of  the  Eastern  archipelago  & 
Polynesia,  between  Ion.  130°  &  170°  E., 
viz.,  Papua,  the  Arru  isls.,  Timor-Laut, 
New  Britain,  New  Ireland,  New  Caledo- 
nia, &  the  Admiralty.  Salomon,  New 
Hebrides,  &  Q.  Charlotte's  isls. 

Australia,  New  Holland,  a  vast  ex- 
tent of  land  composing  the  main  portion 
of  Australasia,  &  Ij'ing  S.  of  the  Asiatic 
archipelago.  Length  E.  to  W.  2,500 
m. ;  greatest  breadth  about  1,800  miles. 
Area,  3  million  sq.  tn.  P.  of  British  col- 
onies 250,000.  'fhere  are  no  data  for 
the  total  aboriginal  pop.  of  the  country, 
which  has  been'  vaguely  estimated  at 
300,000.  Australia,  like  the  continents 
of  Africa  &  S.  America,  is  but  little  in- 
dented with  arms  of  the  ocean,  &  pre- 
sents no  wide  estuaries  of  rivs.  Botany 
bay,  &  Jervis'  bay  are  inlets  of  small 
size,  many  of  which  are  met  with  ;  & 
some  of  these,  with  the  estuaries  of  the 
larger  rivers,  afford  tolerable  shelter ; 
though,  upon  the  whole,  the  coasts  of 
Australia  are  deficient  in  good  harbors. 
In  the  S.E.  a  succession  of  mntn.  ranges 
stretches  from  Gipps'-land  to  lat.  26°  S. 
at  a  distance  from  the  coast  varying 
generally  from  50  to  100  m.  Mt.  York 
(Blue  mntns.)  rises  to  3,292  feet ;  &  the 
Liverpool  range,  within  the  colony  of  N. 
S.  Wales,  reaches  elevations  of  betw. 
6,000  &  7,000  feet.  Immense  ravines  in 
the  latter  range  are  said  to  have  a  per- 
pend, height  of  3,000  feet.  In  W.  Austra- 
lia, the  Darling  &  other  parallel  ranges 
e.xtend  from  King  George  sound  N.-ward, 
rising  frequently  to  2,000  or  3,000  feet 
above  the  sea.  The  only  river  system 
of  the  interior  hitherto  explored  is  that 
of  the  Murray,  which  is  swelled  by  the 
Darling,  Castlereagh,  Peel,  Macquarrie, 
Began,  Lachlan,  &  Murrumbigee  rivers. 
Piincip.  lakes  are  those  of  Victoria  & 
Torrens  in  S.  Australia.  Granite,  sand- 
stone, limestone,  coal  &  slate  are  the 
chief  minerals,  &  rich  ores  of  gold,  cop- 
per &  lead  have  been  recently  discovered. 
The  gold  mines  are  very  productive,  & 
now  rival  those  of  California.  Emigrants 
from  Gt.  Britain  &  other  parts  are  conse- 
quently pouring  into  Australia  rapidl3''. 
The  kangaroo,  &  other  pouched  animals, 
are  peculiar  to  Australia  &  its  adjacent 
isl'ds.  The  native  Australians  are  viewed 
by  many  as  a  distinct  variety  of  the  hu- 
man race.  Their  skin  is  of  an  earthy 
black,  hair  straight,  forehead  low  & 
full,  nose  broad,  lips  thick,  stature  short, 
frame  slight,  &  more  adapted  to  feats  of 
agility  than  of  strength.     They  live  in 


AUV] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


6^ 


roving  tribes  ;  &  thougli  not  deficient  in 
intellect,  are  in  their  habits  among  the 
lowest  in  the  scale  of  humanity — many 
tribes  going  completely  naked,  practis- 
ing cannibalism,  &  having  scarcely  any 
notions  of  a  Deity,  or  of  social  arts  & 
order.  The  Dutch  or  the  Spaniards, 
about  the  beginning  of  the  17th  century, 
were  the  earliest  European  discoverers 
of  Australia,  though  little  was  known  of 
it  until  Dampier,  "W'allis,  &  afterwards 
Cook,  explored  its  various  coasts.  The 
favorable  report  of  it  by  the  latter  was 
followed  by  the  first  British  settlement 
at  Port  Jackson  in  17SS.  The  name  of 
New  Holland  given  by  the  Dutch  to  the 
N. -western  coasts,  first  discovered  by 
them,  is  now  supplanted  by  the  more 
appropriate  name  of  Australia.  The 
British  settlement  of  New  S-  Wales,  or 
Sydney,  was  made  in  1788.  The  settle- 
ment of  Western  Australia,  or  Swan 
River,  was  established  in  1829.  South 
Australia,  established  in  1834,  extends 
along  the  coast  from  Fowler's  bay  in  the 
W.,  to  beyond  Cape  Northumberland,  of 
which  Adelaide  is  the  capital. 

Austria  (Archduchy  of),  the  central 
prov.  &  nucleus  of  the  Austrian  empire, 
&  seat  of  its  cap.  Area,  15,052  square 
miles.  P.  2,227,524  ;  viz.  1,417,783,  in 
Lower  Austria  (including  Vienna),  and 
859,741  in  Upper  Austria.  The  Noric 
Alps,  which  form  its  S.  boundary,  next 
to  Styria,  extend  their  contrefoits  to  the 
banks  of  the  Danube,  which  traverses  the 
province  from  W.  to  E.  ;  the  river  Inn 
forms  its  N.W.,  &  the  March  part  of  its 
E.  frontier.  Its  mineral  products  are 
highly  important,  and  comprise  gold, 
silver,  copper,  lead,  iron,  arsenic,  alum, 
coal,  &  graphite.  This  prov.  is  divided 
by  the  river  Enns  into  the  govs,  of  Upper 
&  Lower  Austria  {Land  Ober  and  JJnter 
der  Enns).  Lower  Austria  is  subdivided 
into  4  circles,  I.  Lower  Wiener-wald, 
cap.  Vienna ;  II.  Upper  Wiener-wald, 
cap.  St.  Polten;  III.  Lower  Manharts- 
berg,  cap.  Korneuburg ;  IV.  Upp.  Man- 
hartsberg,  cap.  Krems ;  &  the  municip^J 
dist.  of  Vienna.  The  regency  of  Lower 
Austria  has  its  seat  at  Vienna,  &  is 
charged  with  the  civil  administ.  of  the 
prov.  Upper  Austria  is  subdivided  into 
5  circles,  I.  Miihl,  cap.  Linz ;  II.  Traun, 
cap.  Steyer ;  III.  Hausriik,  cap.  Wels ; 
IV.  Inn,  cap.  Ried ;  V.  Salzburg,  cap. 
Salzburg ;  &  the  regency  is  established 
at  Linz.  After  Vienna,  the  chief  cities 
are  Linz,  Wiener -Neustadt,  &  Salzburg. 

Austria,  (Circle  of),  an  old  subdiv. 
of  Germany. 


Austria,  Empire  of,  bounded  N.  by 
Russia,  Prussia,  gaxony,  &  Bavaria;  S. 
by  Parma,  Modena,  the  Pontif.  states, 
the  Adriatic,  &  the. Ottoman  Emp. ;  W. 
by  Lichtenstein,  Switzerland,  &  the  Sar- 
dinian states  ;  &  E.  by  the  Russian  Em- 
pire. Area,  257,830  square  miles.  P. 
38,000,000.  3  great  mntn.  systems  cover 
the  Emp.  with  their  ramifications,  the 
Alps  in  the  S.W.,  the  Bohemian  (fc  Mora- 
vian mntns.  in  the  N.W.,  «fc  the  Carpa- 
thians. The  most  elev.  summits  are  in 
the  Alps  of  Tyrol,  where  the  Ortlerspitz 
attains  the  height  of  12,779  ft.,  next  the 
Lomnitzerspitz  in  the  Carpathians,  8,861 
ft..  The  Austrian  Empire  has  6  great ri vs., 
viz.,  the  Danube  &  the  Dniester ;  the  Po 
&  the  Adige  ;  the  Vistula  &  the  Elbe ; 
it  contains  also  a  great  many  lakes. 
Austria  is  among  the  richest  mineral 
countries  in  Europe  ;  there  is  gold  in 
Transylvania  &  Hungary,  silver  in  Hun- 
gary, Bohemia,  Transylvania,  &  Styria, 
mercury  in  Carinthia,  tin  in  Bohemia, 
copper  in  nearlj^  all  the  prov.,  lead  in 
Carinthia,  iron  in  all  the  countries  ex- 
cept on  the  low  shores  of  the  Adriatic; 
antimony  in  Hungary,  salt  in  Galicia, 
Transylvania,  &,  the  Tyrol,  &  coal  in  all 
the  provs.  The  pop.  belongs  to  4  prin- 
cipal families — the  Deutsch  or  German, 
Slavonian,  Italian,  &  Hungarian  or  Mag- 
yars. German  is  the  language  of  the 
countries  inhab.  by  the  1st  named  family, 
&  the  idiom  employed  by  the  superior 
administration ;  the  different  Slavonian 
dialects  by  the  2d ;  Italian,  &  a  mixed 
dialect  by  the  3d;  &  the  Magyar  by  the  4th. 

Autauga,  county,  Ala.,  near  the  centre 
of  the  state.  Area,  1,000  sq.  m.  Surface 
various  ;  soil  indifferent  except  on  the 
rivers.  Cap.  Kingston.  Staple,  cotton. 
1  aead.     P.  15,023. 

AuTEKivE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Garonne.     P.  2,230. 

AuTEuiL,  a  comm.  &  vill.,  France,  dep. 
Seine.  P-  3,313.  It  is  enclosed  within 
the  new  walls  of  Paris,  &  agreeably  sit- 
uated between  the  Bois  de  Boulogne  & 
the  rt.  b/  of  the  Seine.  Boileau,  La  Fon- 
taine, Franklin,  &  other  illustrious  men 
had  country  houses  here. 

AuTHiE,  &  AuTHiON,  two  Small  rivs.  of 
France. 

AuTUN,  a  city  of  France,  dep.  Saone- 
et-Loire.     P.  9,098. 

AuTUNCARAY,  a  seaport  town  of-  Brit- 
ish India,  presid.  Madras. 

AuvERGNE  (Mountains  of),  a  branch 
of  the  Cevennes.  Of  these  the  Mont  Dor, 
6,188  feet;  Cantal,  6,093  ft.,  &  Puy-de- 
Dome,  4,806  ft.     They  contain  a  great 


58 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[avo 


number  of  extinct  volcanoes,  &  present 
sites  of  the  wildest  &  most  picturesque 
grandeur.  The  cone  of  Mont  Dor  rises 
abruptly  to  a  height  of  several  thousand 
feet,  &  is  composed  of  layers  of  scorise, 
pumice-stone,  &  fine  detritus  mixed  with 
beds  of  basalt. 

AuvERGNE,  an  old  prov.  of  France.    It 
■was  divided  into  upper  &  lower  Auvergne. 
AuvEEs,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seiae-et-Oise.     P.  1,530. 

AuviLLAR,  or  AuviLLARs,  a  town  of 
France,  dep.  Tarn-et-Garonne.    P.  1,742. 
AcjxEBRE,  a  city  of  France,  cap.  dep. 
Yonne.    P.  1,1,890. 

AuxoN,  a   comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aube.     P.  2,507. 

AuxoNNE,  a  to\vn  of  France,  dep.  Cote- 
d'Or.     P.  2,944. 

Auxy-Le-Chateau,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Pas-de-Calais.     P.  2,342. 
Auzances,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.Creuse.     P.  1,251. 

AuzoN,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
H.  Loire. 

AvA,  a  city,  formerly  cap.  of  the  Bur- 
mese domin.,  on  the  Irrawaddy. 

AvA,  two  princips.  of  Japan. 1,  isl. 

Niphon.- — —II.  isl.  Sikoke. 

Availles  Limousine,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  Prance,  dep.  Vienne.     P.  1,855. 

Aval  Island,  Persian  Gulf.  [Bah- 
rein.] 

Avallon,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Yonne,  on  the  Voisin.  P.  4,896. 
AvAsi,  a  t.  of  Japan,  cap.  isl.  Sikoke. 
AvATCHA  (Mount),  a  volcano  of 
Kamtchatka,  near  its  E.  coast,  rising  to 
9,055  feet  elevation.  At  its  suirimit  is 
a  crater  several  hundred  yards  in  circ, 
&  on  its  E.  side,  5,000  feet  elevation,  is 
another.  In  1827,  Avatcha  was  in  vio- 
lent eruption,  &  discharged,  with  lava  ^ 
stones,  a  vast  quantity  of  water. 

AvEiRAs  D£  CiMA,  a  towu  of  Portu- 
gal, prov.  Estremadura.     P.  1,073. 

AvEiHO,  a  seaport  town  of  Portugal, 
prov.  Beira.  P.  5,000. — —II.  Avciro,  a 
town  of  Brazil,  prov.  Para. 

AvELGEHEM,  a  viU.  of  Belgium,  prov. 
West  Flanders,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Scheldt. 
P.  4,711. 

Avella,  a  town  of  Italy,  kgdm.  .Na- 
ples.    P.  5,600. 

AvELLiNO,  a  fortified  episc.  city, 
kgdm.  Naples,  cap.  prov.  princip.  Ult. 
P.  13,500. 

AvEN  (Loch),  a  small. lake  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  Banif.  Aven  is  the  name  of  sev- 
eral Scotch  rivers. 

Avenches,  a  small  town  of  Switzer- 
land, cant.  Vaud.     P.  1,800.  ; 


Avenwedde,  a  vill.  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia.    P.  1,380. 

Avenza,  a  town  of  Italy,  duchy  Massa- 
Carrara.     P.  1,910. 

AvEREEsT,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Overyssel.     P.  3,781. 
AvERiLL,  t.,  E-;sex  co.  Vt.    P.  7. 
AvERNAKOE,  a  small  isl.  Oi  Denmark, 
near  the  S.  coast  of  Fuhnen.     P.  350. 

AvERNO   (LAi£E  of),  a  famous   lake, 
near  the  bay  of  BaiiB. 

AvERSA,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  T.  di 
Lavoro.     P.  16,000. 

Averysbor'ough,  p-v.,  Cumberland  co. 
N.C. 

AvEs,  is  a  small  group  of  isls.  in  the 

Dutch  W.  Indies. II.  an  uninhabited 

island,  147  m.  W.  Dominica. 

AvESNEs,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Nord. 
P.  2,827. 

AvEsTAD,  a  small  town  of  Sweden,  on 
the  Dal-elf. 

AvEYRON,  a  riv.  of  France,  dep.  Avey- 
ron. 

AvEYRON,  a  dep.  S.France.  P.  94,483. 
AvEzzANO,   a   town  of  Naples,   prov. 
Abruzzo  Ult.  II.     P.  2,850. 

AviANO,  a  town  of  N.  Italy.     P.  4,800. 
AviGLiANA,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  prov. 
Susa.     P.  2,840. 

AviGLiANO,   a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Basilicata.     P.  9,670. 

Avignon,  a  comm.  &  city,  S.  France, 
on  the  Rhone.     P.  26,185. 

AviaNONET,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Garonne.     P.  1,031. 

AviLA,  an  anc.  city  of  Spain,  Old  Cas- 
tile.    P.  4,000. 

AviLEs,    a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  As- 
turias.     P.  6,000. 

Avio,  a  town  of  the  Tyrol,  circ,  b.  of 
the  Adige.     P.  3,200. 

Aviz,   a  town  of  Portugal,  prov.  Alen- 
tejo.     P.  1,500. 

AvizE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Marne.     P.  1,725. 

AvLONA,  a  town  &  .seaport  of  Albania. 
P.  from  8,000  to  10,000. 

AvoLA,  a  seaport  town  of  Sicily.     P. 
A780. 

AvLONA  (Gulf  of),    an  inlet  of  the 
Adriatic  sea. 

AvoLD  (St.),  a  town  &  comm.  of  France, 
dep.  Moselle.     P.  2,99^. 

Avon,  a-  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 

Seine-et-xMarne.      P.   1,216. II.    p-t., 

Franklin  co.   Me.   ,  P.  827. III.  p-t., 

Hartford  co.  Conn.     P.  1,001.- IV.  v., 

Livingston  co.   N.  Y.     P.   2,999. V. 

p-t.,  Lorain  co.  0.,  on  Lake  Erie.  P.  1,220. 

VI.  t.,  Oakland  co.  Mich. 

Avoyelles,  pa..  La.,  W.  of  the  Miss. 


bab] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


59 


riv.  The  Red  riv.  passes  through  it.  Sub- 
ject'to  inundation.  A  portion,  table-land 
&  dry.  Staple  cotton.  Cap.  MarksvUle. 
P.  9,326. 

Awe  (Loch),  a  lake  of  Scotl.,  co.  Ar- 

Axe,  two  small  rivs.  of  England. 

Axel,  a  small  fortfd.  town  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, prov.  Zeeland,  on  an  isl.  in  the 
Scheldt.     P.  2,250. 

AxiM,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  Guinea 
coast,  belonging  to  Holland,  73  m.  W. 
Cape  Coast  Castle. 

AxMiNSTER,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  Devon. 
P.  2,139. 

AxuM,  an  anc.  town  of  Abyssinia,  stat€ 
Tigre. 

Ay,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Marne.  P. 
3,282. 

Ayacucho,  a  de^.  S.  Peru. 

Ayamonte,  a  town  of  Spain,  Andalu- 
cia.    P.  6,509. 

Aybar,  a  town  of  Spain,  Navarra.  P. 
1,024. 

Ayerbe  y  Aldeas,  a  town  of  Spain, 
Aragon,  prov.    P.  2,500. 

Aymaville,  a  town  of  the  Sardinian 
states,  prov.  P.  1,520.  Over  a  torrent 
S.  of  the  town,  is  a  remarkable  bridge, 
built  in  the  year  750  of  Rome,  &  composed 
of  a  single  arch  of  great  height,  thrown 
.over  a  deep  chasm. 

Ayora,  a  town  &  riv.  of  Spain,  prov. 
Valencia. 

Ayotla,  a  town  of  Mexico,  dep.  Mexico. 

Ayr,  riv.  of  Scotland. II.  seaport 

t.,  on  r.  Ayr,  Scotland.     P.  15,749. 

Ayrshire,  co.,  Scotland.     P.  164.336. 

Ayrao,  a  town  of  S.  America,  Brazil, 
prov.  Para. 

Ayuthia,  the  old  cap.  of  Siam.     [Yu- 

THIA.] 

Azambuxeira,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
prov.  Estremadura.     P.  1,636. 

AzAMOR,   a  seaport  town,  dom.,  prov. 
Morocco,  on  the  Atlantic. 
-    AzANi,  a  eiiy  of  Asia-Minor. 

Azeoytia,  a  town  of  Spain. 

AzEiTAo,  a  town  of  Portugal.   P.  1,600. 

Azerbijan,  most  N.  prov.  of  Persia. 
P.  200,000. 

Azille,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Aude. 
P.  1,580. 

AziMGHUR,  a  disfc.  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal.    P.  779,555.  . 

Azio,  a  dist.  &  promon.  of  Grre'ece,  gov. 
Acarnania. 

AzMERiGUNGB,  a  town  of  Further  In- 
dia, presid.  Bengal. 

Azores,  or  Western  Islands  (Portu. 
Azores),  a  group  of  9  isls.  in  the  N.  Atlan- 
tic ocean,  belong,  to  Portug.    They  consist 


of,  St.  Mary,  St.  Michael,  Terceira,  Graci- 
osa,  St.  George,  Pico,  Fayal,  Flores,  & 
Corvo,  with  some  rocky  islets,  &  have  an 
united  area  of  about  700  sq.  m.,  &  a  p.  of 
214,300  (in  1841).  They  are  of  volcanic 
origin,  with  steep  &  rugged  coasts,  & 
abounding  with  deep  ravines  &  eler. 
mntns.,  the  lowest  of  which,  Pico  Alto  ia 
St.  Mary's,  is  1,869  ft.,  &  the  most  elev., 
the  peak  of  Pico,  7,613  ft.  in  height. 

Azov,  an  immense  lagoon  of  S.  Europe. 
Length  S.W.  to  N.E.  about  235  m. ; 
greatest  breadth  110  m. 

Azov,  a  town  &  fort  of  Russia,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Don.     P.  1,200. 

AzpEYTiA,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the 
TJrola,  prov.  Guipuscoa.     P.  1,200. 

AzTALAN,  p-t.,  Jefferson  co.  Wis. 

AzuA,  a  town  of  Hayti,  on  the  Bia. 

AzuRARA,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov. 
Minho.     P.  2,500. 

AzzANO,  a  vill.  of  Northern  Italy,  de- 
leg.  Verona. 

AzzARA,  a  vill.  of  the  isl.  Sardinia, 
prov.  Busachi.    P.  1,228. 


B. 

Baaden,  a  town  of  Austria. 

Baadsted,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden. 

Baagoe,  two  small  isls.  of  Denmark. 

Baalbec,  a  ruined  town  of  Syria.  Its 
remains,  more  extensive  than  those  seen 
anywhere  else  in  Syria,  except  at  Pal- 
myra, comprise  three  temples,  two  formed 
with  immense  stones,  besides  numerous 
columns,  altars,  &  the  vestiges  of  the  city 
walls  3  to  4  m.  in  circuit.  The  date  of 
its  origin  is  lost  in  remote  antiquity.  A 
great  temple,  one  of  the  wonders  of  the 
world,  was  erected  by  Antoninus  Pius.  It 
continued  a  place  of  great  importance 
down  to  the  time  of  the  Moslem  invasion, 
was  sacked  a.d.  748,  &  finally  pillaged 
by  Timur  Bev  in  1400.     P.  2,000. 

Baar,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland.   P.  2,200. 

Baarle,  a  town  of  the  NetherlandSj 
prov.  N.  Brabant.    P.  1,853. 

Baba,  a  seaport  town  &  cape  of  Asia- 
Minor.     P.  4,000. II.  a  town  of  Eu- 

rop.  Turkey,  Thessaly,  on  the  Salembria. 

P.   2,000. III.  a  town  of  S.    Amer., 

Ecuador,  prov.  Guayaquil.     P.  4,000.  (?) 

Baba-Dagh,  a  town  of  Turkey,  prov. 
Bulgaria.  P.  10,000.  — Baba-dagh,  a 
celeb,  mntn.  in  Asia-Minor. 

Babahoy(!),  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  Ecua- 
dor,'prov.  Guayaquil. 

Babba,  an  isl.  of  the  Asiatic  archipel- 
ago.    Length,  18  m. ;  breadth,  6  m. 


60 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bad 


Babek,  a  town  of  Persia,  prov.  Fars. 

Bab-el-Mandeb,  a  strait  uniting  the 
Bed  sea  with  the  Indian  ocean. 

Babelthuap,  the  larg..of  the  Pelew 
isls.,  Pacific  ocean,  50  m.  in  circ.  Lat. 
7°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  134°  40'  E. 

Babenhausen,  two  small  towns  of 
Germany.  I.  in  Hesse  Darmstadt.  P. 
1,650.  II.  in  Bavaria,  34  m.  S.W.  Augs- 
burg   P.  1,700. 

Babinovitchi,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
Moghilev. 

Babuyan  Isl.,  Patific  ocean. 

Babye,  a  town  of  British  India,  presid. 
Bengal. 

Babylon,  the  earliest  post-diluvial 
city,  &  the  oldest  in  the  world  of  which 
there  are  any  traces  remaining.  An- 
ciently the  capital  of  the  Babylonio- 
Chaldean  empire,  in  an  extensive  plain 
on  the  Euphrates  riv.,  pash.  &  60  m.  S. 
Bagdad.  The  modern  town  Hillah  occu- 
pies a  portion  of  its  site.  According  to 
Herodotus,  the  walls  of  Babylon  were  60 
m.  in  circumference,  87  ft.  thick,  &  350 
ft.  high,  built  of  brick,  &  containing  25 
gates  of  solid  brass,  &  250  towers.  The 
ruins  of  Birs-Nimrod  on  an  elev.  mount, 
are  supposed  to  be  the  tower  of  Babel  of 
the  sacred  scriptures,  &  the  temple  of 
Belus  minutely  described  by  Herodotus. 
The  base  of  this  tower  measures  2,082  ft. 
in  circumf. ;  its  remains,  constructed  o^ 
the  most  beautiful  brick  masonry,  are  28 
ft.  in  breadth. 

Babylonia,  the  ancient  name  of  a  prov- 
ince in  middle  Asia,  now  called  Bagdad. 
The  country  in  ancient  times  was  famed 
for  its  fertility,  now  it  is  a  desolate  waste. 

Bacalar,  a  seaport  vill.  of  Central 
America,  Yucatan,  at  the  mouth  of  the  riv. 
San  Josef,  80  m.  N.N.W.  Balize.  P.  4,000. 
The  San  Josef  is  not  navigable  by.  other 
than  small  vessels. 

Baccahat,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Meurthe,  on  the  Meurthe.     P.  2,794. 

Bacchighone,  a  riv  of  N.  Italy. 

Bacharach,  a  walled  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  on  lower  bank  of  the  Rhine. 
P.  1,900. 

Bachellekie  (La),  a  town  of  France, 
dep.  Dordogne.     P.  1,446. 

Bach-Ynys,  a  small  isl.  of  S,  Wales. 

Backergunge,  a  dist.  of  British  India, 
presid.  &  prov.  Bengal.  Area,  4,000  sq. 
m.    P.  686,640. 

BAcknang,  a  town  of  "Wurtemberg, 
circ.  Neckar.     P.  3,600. 

Back's  Land,  British  N.  America, 
region  around  the  Arctic  circle. 

Bacqueville,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Seine  Inf.    P.  1,494. 


Bacs,  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  a  tribut. 
of  the  Danube.     P.  2,770. 

Badagry,   a  town  &   port  of  Upper 

Guinea,  on  the  Gold  Coast. Mi.  JJa- 

dagry,  near  it. 

Badajos,  a  strongly  fortfd.  frontier 
city  of  Spain,  cap.  prov.  of  same  name. 
P.  12,000. 

Badakhshan,  a  territory  of  Central 
Asia,  forming  a  part  of  the  Koondooz 
dom.,  betw.  lat.  36°  &  38°  N.,  &  Ion.  69° 
&73°E. 

Badalona,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
Barcelona.     P.  3,775.  , 

Baden  (Grand  Duchy  of),  a  state  of 
the  German  Confederation ;  cap.  Carls- 
ruhe.  Surface  mountainous,  covered  for 
four-fifths  of  its  extent  by  the  mass  of 
the  Schwarzwald  {Black  Forest).  The 
culm,  points  are  the  Feldberg,  4,675  ft. ; 
the  Kandel,  4,160  ft.;  the  Blauen,  3,822 
ft. ;  the  Katzenbuckel,  sumiA.  of  the  Oden- 
wald,  2,300  feet;  the  Randen,  2,600  ft. 
The  whole  W.  part  of  the  territory  is  a 
continuous  plain,  formed  by  the  valley  of 
the  Rhine.  Principal  rivers,  the  Rhine, 
the  Murg,  Kinzig,  &  Weisen-Mayn,  Neck- 
ar,  &  Danube.  The  lake  of  Constance 
forms  part  of  the  S.E.  frontier,  &  there 
are  several  small  lakes  in  the  interior. 
The  climate  is  very  mild  in  all  the  valley 
of  the  Rhine ;  rigorous  in  the  mountain 
districts,  the  summits  of  which  are  only 
free  from  snow  during  the  height  of  sum- 
mer. The  vine  is  cultivated  at  an  elev. 
of  1,400  ft.  The  soil  is  in  general  very 
fertile,  especially  in  the  vaUoys  of  the 
Rhine  &  Neckar.  Agriculturer  constitutes 
the  chief  wealth  of  the  state,  &  is  con- 
ducted with  more  skill  than  in  any  other 
part  of  Germany.  Great  attention  has 
been  bestowed  on  improving  the  breeds 
of  sheep,  &  cattle  are  extensively  reared. 
Mineral  products  comprise  salt  from 
springs,  alum,  vitriol,  sulphur,  &  coal, 
iron,  copper,  lead,  &  a  little  silver.  The 
duchy  is  extremely  rich  in  mineral  spgs. 
Gov.  exercised  by  the  grand  duke,  a 
chamber  of  peers,  &  a  chamber  consisting 
of  22  deputies  from  towns,  &  41  from  rural 
districts  ;  &  was  known  as  the  most  tole- 
rant &  liberal  in  Germany.  The  major- 
ity of  the  population  is  Roman  Catholic, 
but  the  reigning  family  is  Protestant. 
The  grand -duchy  possesses  an  excellent 
system  of  public  instruction,  &  the  schools 
are  numerous.  Attendance  at  school  is 
obligatory  on  all  children  ;  &  each  village 
has  at  least  one  primary  school.  Baden 
has  two  universities,  among  the  most  an-. 

cient  &  celebrated  in  Germany. II. 

Baden,  a  town  &  celeb,  watering  place, 


'V 

•»^' 


bag] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


grand  duchy  of  Baden.  P.  6,000.  In 
summer  it  is  frequented  by  visitors 
from  all  parts  of  Europe  ;  in  1845  these 
amounted  to  32,000,  of  whom  5,000  were 

English,  &  4,000  French. III.  a  town 

&  watering  place  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Aargau,  on  the  Limmat.  P.  1,800.  Its 
sulphur  baths  are  frequented  chiefly  by 

the  Swiss. IV.  a  town  &  bathing  place 

of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Schwechat.  P. 
4,000.  It  has  an  imp.  castle,  many  rich 
private  mansions,  &  military  baths  for 
200  men.  It  has  several  hospitals  &  publ. 
charities,  &  has  been  frequented  annually 
by  10,000  visitors.  The  springs  are  sul- 
phureous, &  vary  in  temp,  from  92°  to  97° 
Fahr.  In  the  baths  here  persons  of  both 
sexes,  "  attired  in  loose  flowing  robes, 
promenade  arm-in-arm,  as  if  at  a  soiree." 
Pop.  627. 

Badenoch,  highland  dist.  of  Scotland. 

BadenweileR;  a  vill.  of  Baden,  circle 
upp.  Rhine.  P.  2,050.  It  has  alkaline 
thermal  springs  (temp.  81°  Fahr.). 

Badia,   two  towns  of  N.  Italy. 1. 

deleg.  Rovigo.     P.  3,700. II.    deleg. 

Verona.     P.  2,000. 

Badolato,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Calab.     P.  3,000. 

Badong,  the  chf.  commercl.  state  of 
the  isl.  Bali,  Asiatic  archipelago.  Area, 
100  sq.  m.  It  has  a  seaport  town  of  same 
name. 

Badonviller,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Meurthe,  on  the  Blette.     P.  2,090. 

Badooe,  principal  riv.  of  Beloochistan. 

Baelegem,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov. 
E.  Flanders.     P..2,882. 

Baelen,  a  town  of  Belgium,  on  the 

Great  Neethe.     P.  3,039. II.  a  viU., 

prov.  Liege.     P.  1,916. 

Baena,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Cordova. 
P.  12,944. 

Baerum,  a  vill.  of  Norway. 

Baesrode,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  on  the 
Scheldt.     P.  2,910. 

Baeza,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Jaen. 
P.  10,851. 

Baeza,  a  town  of  S.  America,  Ecuador, 
on  the  Coca  riv. 

Baffa.  a  seaport  town  of  Turkey  in 
Asia,  on  the  isl.  Cyprus. 

Baffin  Sea,  a  sea  of  N.  Amer.,  betw. 
Greenland  &  the  lands  or  isls.  N.  of  Hud- 
son bay.  It  communic.  with  the  Atlantic 
ocean  by  Davis  strait  on  the  S.,  &  with 
the  Arctic  ocean  by  Lancaster  sound  & 
Barrow  strait  on  the  W.  Its  greatest  as- 
certained depth  is  6,890  ft.,  &  the  tides  do 
not  rise  more  than  10  ft. 

Bafra,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor,  on  the 
Kizil-Irmak. 


Baganga,  a  seaport  town  &  bay,  on 
the  E.  coast  of  the  isl.  Mindanao  (Phi- 
lippines). 

Bagaria,  a  town  of  Sicily.  P.  4,000. 
Bagdad  (Pashalic  or),  an  extens^jre 
region  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  of  which  it  forms 
the  S.E.  portion.  Length  from  N.W.  to 
S.E.  550  m.  Breadth,  350  m.  The  Eu- 
phrates &  Tigris  flow  through  the  dist.  for 
about  950  m.,  when  both  these  rivs.  unite 
at  Koma.  The  united  riv.  now  called 
Shat-al-Arab  flows  into  the  Persian  gulf. 
The  p.  of  the  pashalic  is  very  mixed, 
consisting  of  Arabs,  Kurds,  Turkomans, 
Armenians,  Turks,  Jews.  Princip.  cities, 
Bagdad,  Bassorah,  &  Mosul.  In  this  re- 
gion may  be  traced  the  sites  of  the  anc. 
Babylon,  Nineveh,  Ctesiphon,  &  Seleucia; 
the  memorable  field  of  Arbela,  where 
Alexander  finally  broke  the  power  of 
Darius,  &  many  other  localities  famous 
in  sacred  &  profane  history,  are  within  its 
limits. 

Bagdad,  a  city  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  cap. 
of  above  pashalic,  &  formerly  of  the  Sar- 
acen caliphate,  on  the  Tigris.  P.  65,000. 
(?)  It  stands  on  both  sides  of  the  riv., 
its  two  portions  being  connected  by  a 
bridge  of  boats  ;  it  is  enclosed  by  a  brick 
&  earthen  wall,  flanked  with  large  towers, 
&  is  about  5  m.  in  circumf.  Streets  nar- 
row, irregular,  &  houses  in  gen.  meanly 
built ;  but  some  fine  old  structures  re- 
main, comprising  the  "  gate  of  the  Talis- 
man," a  lofty  minaret  built  in  785,  the 
tomb  of  Zobeide,  wife  of  the  caliph  Ha- 
roun-al-Rasehid,  the  tomb  of  a  Turkish 
saint  of  the  12th  century.  The  edifice  of 
its  famous  college,  founded  in  1233,  now 
serves  for  a  caravanserai  &  the  custom- 
house. There  are  about  100  mosques, 
many  of  them  with  lofty  domes  &  mina- 
rets. The  bazaars  are  large,  &  abound 
with  most  of  the  goods  sold  in  European 
mkts.  This  city,  built  out  of  the  ruins  of 
Ctesiphon,  was  founded  by  Almanzor  in 
763,  &  continued  to  flourish  under  suc- 
ceeding jcaliphs,  until  sacked  by  Hoolagoo 
in  1259. 

Bage,  two  vills.  of  France,  dep.  Ain. 

Bagenbun  Head,  a  cape  of  Ireland, 
CO.  Wexford.  At  this  point  Earl  Strong- 
bow  made  his  descent  on  Ireland  in  1170. 

BagH,  or  Baugh,  a  town  of  Afghanis- 
tan. 

Baghtsche-sehai,  a  town  of  S.  Russia, 
Crimea,  Simferopol.  P.  14,000.  This 
interesting  town  is  the  only  one  in  the 
Crimea  which  preserves  the  characteris- 
tics of  its  Tartar  origin.  Its  inhabitants 
manufacture  pottery  &  cutlery  in  primi- 
tive simplicity.     It  has  32  mosques. 


6-i 


CYCLOPyEDIA    OF    GEOGRAI^HY. 


[bai 


Baghul,  a  Sikh  state,  N.W.  Hindostan, 
under  Brit,  protec.    P.  40,000. 

Baglen,  a  Dutch  residency  on  the  isl. 
of  Java,  on  the  S.  side.  Fertile.  P. 
300,000.     Cap.  Poerworedjo. 

Bagna,  a  town  of  Turkey,  on  the 
Maritza. 

Bagnacavallo,  a  town  of  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta.     P.  3,491. 

Bagkalstown,  a  town  of  Ire!.,  Lein- 
ster,  CO.  Carlow,  on  the  Barrow.    P.  2,225. 

Bagnaea,  a  seaport  town  of_  Naples, 

on  the  gulf  of  Gioja.     P.  2,800. II.  a 

town  of  the  Ponlif.  -sta.,  leg.  Ravenna. 

Bagnaeea,  a  town  of  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.     P.  3,000. 

Bagnasco,  a  tovra  of  Piedmont,  on  the 
Tanaro.     P.  1,500. 

Bagnehes-de-Luchon,  a  town  of 
France,  dep.  Garonne.  P.  2,415.  It  has 
celeb,  sulphureous  thermal  springs. 

Bagneres-en-Bigorhe,  a  town  of 
France,  dep.  II.  Pyrenees.  P.  6,401. 
There  are  20  hathicg  establishments. 
Its  waters  were  resorted  to  by  the  Ptomans, 
&  are  annually  visited  from  May  to  Oct. 
by  from  5,000  to  6,000  strangers. 

Bagnes-le-Chable,  a  vill.  of  Switzer- 
land, Valais,  on  the  Dranse.  P.of  vail.  9,000. 

Bagnoles,  a  Till,  of  France,  dep.  Orne. 
It  has  hot  saline  springs,  &  cold  ferrugiuous 
springs  &  baths  much  frequented. 

Bagnoli,  two   towns  of  Naples.^ — I. 

prov.   Molise.     P.  4,200. II.   princip. 

Ult.    P.  4,700. 

Bagnolo,  two  towns  of  N.  Italy. 1. 

cap.   dist.    P.  2,700. II.    a  town  of 

Piedmont.     P.  5,000. 

Bagnols,  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Gard, 
on  a  rock  near  the  Ceze.     P.  3,803. 

Bagnols-les-Bains,  a  vill.  of  France, 
with  warm  baths,  dep.  Lozere. 

Bagolino,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy.   P.  3,650. 

Bagulcot,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bombaj-.     P.  7,500.  (?) 

Bahadukpoor,  two  towns  of  India. 
1,  dom.  Baroda.— — II.  dom.  Gwalior. 

Bahama-Bank  (Great  &  Little), 
are  shoals  among  the  W.  India  isls. 

Bahama  Channel  (Gulf  of  Florida), 
the  narrow  sea  between  the  coast  of 
America  &  the  Bahama  isls.,  135  m.  long 
&  76  wide.  The  currents  here  are  most 
violent,  formed  by  an  inflection  of  the 
gulf  stream  passing  at  the  rate  of  from  4 
to  5  m.  an  hour. 

Bahama,  a  group  of  nearly  500  isls.  & 
islets  (called  Keys),  in  the  Atlantic,  com- 
prised in  the  W.  Indies,  &  belonging  to 
Great  Britain.  United  area,  4,400  to 
5,450  sq.  m.  P.  27,519  (in  1851.).  Disc, 
by  Columbus  in  1492. 


Bahar,  or  Behah,  one  of  the  old  Mo- 
hammedan provs.  of  India,  occupying 
part  of  the  valley  of  the  Ganges,  &  trav- 
ersed by  this  riv.,  which  divides  it  in  two 
nearly  equal  portions.  Area,  52,000  sq. 
m.     P.  12,000,000. 

Bahak,  a  town  of  British  India,  presid. 
Bengal.     P.  30,000, 

Bahia,  a  maritime  prov.  of  Brazil. 
Length,  400  m  .  breadth,  150  to  200  m.  P. 
650,000.  Bahia,  founded  in  1549  by 
Thomas  do  Souza,  first  Capt.  Gen.  of 
Brazil,  is  one  of  the  most  important  com- 
mercial cities  in  America. 

Bahia  Blanca,  an  inlet  of  the  At- 
lantic, on  the  E.  coast  of 'S.  Amer.,  state 
Buenos  Ayres.  Many  fossil  remains  have 
been  discovered  here. 

Bahia  de  Todo.s-os-Santos,  a  bay  of 
Brazil,  prov.  Bahia.  It  forms  one  of  the 
best  <fc  most  extensive  harbors  in  the 
world. 

Bahia  Honda,  a  barb,  of  Cuba,  on  its 
N".  coast,  60  m.  S.W.  Havana. 

Bahlingen.  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg.  on 

the   Eisach.     P.  3,250. II.  a  vHl.  of 

Baden,  circ.  Upp.  Rhein.     P.  1,750. 

Bahn,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pomerania. 
P.  2,150. 

Bahrein,  an  isl.  in  the  Persian  gulf, 
near  the  coast  of  Arabia.  Cap.  Manama. 
P.  68,000.  (?) 

Bai^e,  an  anc.  city  of  Italy  (now  in 
ruins).  P.  800.  It  was  princip.  port,  & 
favorite  watering-place  of  the  anc  Ro- 
mans, &  the  sites  of  several  temples,  villas, 
&  baths,  are  still  distinctly  traceable  on 
its  shore. 

Baieout,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey. 
P.  3,000. 

Baiersbronn,  a*  vill.  of  Wiirtemb., 
Black  Forest.     P.  4,400. 

Baikal  (Lake),  lake  of  Asia,  in  Si- 
beria. L.  400  m. ;  breadth  45  m.  The 
surface  is  frozen  from  Nov.  to  April. 
Its  seal  &  sturgeon  fisheries  are  valuable, 
&  about  100,000  poods  of  small  herrings 
are  taken  in  it  yearly. 

Baikuntapoor,  a  large  town  of  Brit- 
ish India,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Ganges. 
It  is  a  famous  place  of  Hindoo  Worship. 

Baildon,  a  vill.  of  England,  co.  York, 
W.  Riding.     P.  3,280. 

Bailieboeough,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
Ulster.     P.  1,203. 

Bailleul,    a  town    of    France,    dep. 

Nord.       P.    5.988. II.    a    vill.   dep. 

Sarthe.     P.  1,0C7. 

Baily  Islands,  the  most  S.  isls.  of 
the  Bonin  group,  N.  Pacific. 

Bainbridge,  p-t.,  Chenango  co.  N.  Y., 
on  the  Susquehanna  riv.     P.  3,324. 


bal] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


63 


II.  Geauga  co.  0.,  on  Chagrin  riv.    P. 

988. III.  p-v.,  cap.  Decatur  co.  Ga., 

on  Flint  riv. IV.  v.,  Cape  Girardeau 

CO.  Mo.,  on  the  Mississippi  riv. 

Baincthun,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Pas-de-Calais.     P.  1,687. 

Baindt,  a  vill.  of  Wurtemberg,  cir. 
Donau. 

Bains,  several  vills.  of  France. 

I.  dep.  Vosges.     P.  1,505. II.  dep.  E. 

Pyrenees.     P.  1,800. III.  dep.  Ille- 

ct-Vilaine.     P.  (with  comm.)  3,915. 

Bains  -  Du- MoNT-DoEE,  a  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Puy-de-DOme.     P.  1,010- 

Bairdstown,  p-t.,  cap.  Nelson  co.  Ky. 
P.  1,492.  St.  Joseph's  College  (R.  C.)  is 
here.  It  has  14  professors,  &  7,000  vol. 
in  its  libraries. 

Bais,  a  vill.  of  France.     P.  2,354. 

Baise,  a  river,  S.W.  France.  L.  145 
miles. 

Baisieux,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Nord. 
P.  1,808. 

Baisy-Thy,  a  vill.  of  Belgium.  P. 
1,200.  With  ruins  of  a  castle  in  which 
Godefroy  de  Bouillon  was  born. 

Baitool,  a  town  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid.  Bengal. 

Baix,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Ard^che. 
P.  1,314.     , 

Baixas,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  E. 
Pyrenees.     P.  1,960. 

Baja,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  Baes,  on 

the  Danube.     P.  14,537. II.  a  town 

of  Moldavia. III.  atown  of  Wallachia. 

Bajada-de-Santa-Fe,  a  town  of  the 
Plata  Confed.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Pa- 
rana.    P.  6,000. 

Bajour,  a  territ.  of  N.  Afghanistan. 
P.  120,000. 

Bakabanya,  a  royal  mining  town  of 
Hungary,  co.  Honth. 

Baker's,  r.,  Grafton  co.  N.  H. 

Baker's  Island,  Mass.,  off  Salem 
harbor,  on.  the  N.  end  of  which  is  a  light- 
house. 

Baker's  Falls,  on  Hudson  r.,  Sandy 
mil  t.,  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  The  falls, 
with  the  connected  rapids,  descend  70 
feet  in  100  rods. 

Baker,  county,  Ga.,  is  situated  in  the 
S.W.  part  of  the  state.  It  is  watered  by 
Flint  r.  Soil  sandy,  but  productive  for 
sugar.     Cap.  Newton.     P.  8,12.0. 

Bakersfield,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.  Vt. 
P.  1,238. 

Bakewell,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Derby,  on  the  Wye.     P.  10,363. 

Bakhmut,  a  town  of  Russia.  P.  4,000. 
It  has  coal  mines. 

Bakhteghan  (Lake),  Persia,  prov. 
Pars,  is  60  m.  in  length,  with  breadth  of 


8  m.  The  lake  yields  a  large  quantity 
of  salt. 

Bakir-kureh-si,  a  small  town  of  Asia- 
Minor,  Anatolia. 

Bakony-wald,  a  mntn.  range  of  Hun- 
gary, S.  of  the  Danube,  elevation5,000ft. 

Baku,  a  seaport  town  of  the  Russian 
dom.  S.  of  the  Caucasus,  on  the  Caspian 
sea.    P.  9,000. 

Bala,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  Merioneth. 
P.  1,257. 

Balabac,  an  isl.  of  the  Asiatic  archi- 
pelago, Philippines. 

Bala-bagh,  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  & 
the  most  important  mart  in  the  valley 
of  Jelalabad. 

Balachef,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the' 
Khoper.     P.  2,000. 

BALACHNj^ifHl 'town  of  Russia,  on  the 
Volga.    P.  3,000. 

Balaklava,  a  seaport  of  Russia,  on 
the  Black  sea.     P.  1,000. 

Balaguer,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  tho 
Segre.    P.  4,642. 

Balagueres,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Ariege.     P.  1,289. 

Balakhna,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the 
Volga.     P.  3,500. 

Balambangan,  an  isl.  of  the  Asiatic 
archipelago,  off  Borneo. 

Balan,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Arden- 
nes.   P.  1,068. 

Balasfalva,  a  town  of  Transylvania. 

Balasore,  a  maritime  dist.  of  British 
India,  presid  Bengal.     P.  500,000. 

Balassa-Gyarmath,  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, near  the  Eipel.     P.  4,580. 

Balaton  Lake,  the  largest  lake  in 
Hungary.   Length,  48  m. ;  breadth,  10  m. 

Balaze,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Loire. 
P.  1,236. 

Balbriggan,  a  marit.  town  of  Ireland, 
on  the  Irish  sea.     P.  2,959. 

Balcony  Falls,  Rockbridge  co.  Va., 
on  James  riv.,  at  the  passage  of  the  Blue 
ridge. 

Baldegg,  a  vill.  of  Switzerl.,  on  small 
lake  of  same  name. 

Baldenburg,  a  small  town  of  W. 
Prussia.     P.  1,200. 

,  Balderas,  a  town  of  Spain.,  prov.  Leon. 
P.  4,320. 

Baldissero,  3  vills.  of  Piedmont. 

Baldo  (Monte),  a  mntn.  of  Lombardy 
7,100  ft.  high. 

Baldone,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Cour- 
land,  frequented  for  its  hot  baths.     ' 

Bald  Eagle,  t.,  Clinton  co.  Pa. 

II.  r.,  branch  of  the  Susquehanna^  50  m. 
long. III.  mountains,  Pa.,  on  the  con- 
fines of  Huntingdon  and  Centre  counties. 
N.E.  of  Juniata  riv 


64 


CYCLOr^DIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY, 


[bal 


Balfrush,  a  town  of  Persia,  prov.  Ma- 
zanderan,  on  the  Bahbul,  here  crosisoi  by 
a  bridge  of  9  arches.  -P.  200,000.  (?) 

Balj,  an  isl.  of  the  Asiatic  archip.,  im- 
med.  E.  of  Java,  70  m.  long  by  35  m.  in 
breadth.  P.  700,000.  Two  mntn.  ch^iins 
traverse  it. 

Bald  Head,  cape,  on  the  S.W.  point 
of  Wells  bay.  Me.- — II.  the  S.W.  end 
of  Smith's  island,  at  the  mouth  of  Cape 
Fear  riv.  N.C.    . 

Baldwin,  t.,  Cumberland  co.  Me. 

BALDVi^iN,  CO.  Ga.,  in  the  central  part 
of  the  state.  The  Oconee  riv.  passes 
through  it.  The  capital  of  the  co.,  & 
also   of  the   state,  is   Milledgeville.     P. 

8,148. II.  Baldwin.^  co.  Ala.,  in  the  S. 

part  of  the  state.   Cap.  Blately.    P.  4,414. 

Baldwinsville,  p-v.,*^nondaga  co. 
N.  Y.     P.  1,000. 

Baleaeic  Isles,  a  group  of  5  isls.  in 
the  Mediterranean,  consisting  of  Majorca, 
Minorca,  Iviza,  Formentera,  &  Cabrera, 
&  forming  adminis.  proy.  of  Spain,  cap. 
Palma.     P.  229,197. 

Bahzac,  a  Till,  of  France,  dep.  Gi- 
ronde.     P.  1,038. 

Balize,  a  British  colony,  Yucatan, 
Central  America.  Shores  studded  with 
numer.  small  isls  ;  along  the  coast,  land 
swampy,  interior  wooded,  &  soil  of  val- 
leys fertile  ;  watered  by  Balize  riv.,  Rio 
Hondo,  &  Siboon.  Country  adapted  for 
raising  sugar,  coffee,  cotton,  indigo.  Ma- 
hogany, cedar,  saTsaparilla,  logwood, 
fustic,  brasileto,  k  other  dyewoods  are 
articles  of  export.  P.  chfly.  composed  of 
negroes,  may  amount  to  10,000. Ba- 
lize, is  the  cap.  of  this  colony,  sit.  on  the 
bay  of  Honduras,  at  the  mouth  of  the 

riv.  Balize.     P.  2,543. II.  a  vill.   of 

Louisiana,  on  the  S.  side  of  "the  N.E. 
Pass,"  the  mouth  of  the  riv.  Mississippi 
most  frequented  by  European  vessels. 
The  bar.  in  the  riv.  here  has  abt.  17  ft. 
water ;  &  off  it  steam-tugs  are  generally 
in  waiting.  The  vill.  is  mostly  inhabited 
by  pilots. 

Balk,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands,  prov. 
Friesland.     P.  1,227. 

Balkan,  an  important  mntn.  chain  of 
Europ. -Turkey,  which  extends  from  the 
plain  of  Sophia,  to  Cape  Emineh  on  the 
Black  sea.  The  chain  in  general  is 
4,900  ft.  in  elev.,  N.W.  of  Kalofer  it  rises 
to  5,325  ft. 

Balkash,  an  extens.  lake  of  Central 
Asia.  It  is  sit.  near  the  N.  edge  of  the 
great  Central  basin  of  the  continental 
streams,  &  receives  the  waters  of  the  Hi, 
&  several  smaller  streams,  but  has  no 
outlet.    Length  150  m. ;  breadth  75  m. 


Balkh,  a  prov.  of  Centr.  Asia,  the  anc. 
kgdm.  of  Bactria,  now  subordinate  to  the 
Khanat  of  Bokhara.  Length  250  m. ; 
breadth  120. — Balkh,  the  cap.  city,  is  sit. 
on  the  Adirsiah  riv.     P.  2,000.  (f) 

Baltchan  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Caspian 
sea. 

Ballaghaderin,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
CO.  Mayo.     P.  1,342. 

Ballahulish,  a  pa.  of  Scotland.  P. 
1,255.  A  large  slate  quarry  has  been 
wrought  here  since  1760. 

Ballan,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Indre- 
et-Loire.     P.  1,192. 

Ballanteae,  a  marit.  pa.  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Ayr.     P.  1,651. 

Ballard,  co.,  Ky.,  taken  from  Hick- 
man &  McCracken  cos.  in  1842,  sit.  in  the 
W.  part  of  the  state.  The  Ohio  riv.  bounds 
it  on  the  JT.  &  N.W.,  &  the  Mississippi 
riv.  on  the  W.    Cap.  Columbus.  P.  5.496. 

Ballenstedt,  a  town  of  Germany, 
duchy  of  Anhalt-Bernburg.  P.  3,800. 
It  is  the  residence  of  the  Dukes  of  Anhalt- 
Bernburg,  &  the  original  seat  of  the 
house  of  Prussia. 

Balleny  Islands,  a  group  of  5  small 
volcanic  isls.  on  the  Antarctic  ocean. 
Discovered  1839. 

Balleeoy,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Cal- 
vados.    P.  1,267. 

Ballina,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  Mayo. 
P.  5,813. 

Ballinahinch,  barony,  pa.,  demesne, 
lake,  riv.,  of  Irel.,  prov.  Connaught.  The 
barony  comprises  the  mntn.  group  of  the 
"  Twelve  Pins,"  &  the  seaport  of  Clifden. 
P.  33,465. 

Ballinakill,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
Queen's  co.     P.  1,540. 

Ballinamuck,  a  vill.  of  Ireland,  co. 
Longford.  '-' 

Balunaskelligs  Bay,  Ireland,  co. 
Kerry. 

Ballinasloe,  a  tovs^n  of  Ireland,  cos. 
Galway  &  Roscommon.     P.  4,934. 

Baluncollig,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co. 
Cork.     P.  1,287. 

Ballingarhy,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co. 
Limerick.  P.  1,690.  Here  a.re  ruins  of 
anc.  relig.  houses. II.  co.  Tipperary. 

Baluneobe,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co. 
Mayo.     P.  2,678. 

Ballintoy,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Ireland, 
CO.  Antrim.     P.  4,816. 

Ballon  d' Alsace,  one  of  the  loftiest 
mntns.  of  the  Vosges  chain  in  France, 
4,688  ft.  in  elev. — Ballon  de  Guebwiller, 
is  another  mntn.  of  the  Vos.  chain,  4,300 
ft.  in  height. 

Ballon,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Sarthe. 
P.  2,184. 


bal] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


66 


BALLSTOjiT,  t.,  Saratoga  eo.  N.  T.,  is 
■washed  by  small  lake  of  same  name.  P. 
2,044. 

Ballston  Spa,  p-T.  &  cap.  Saratoga 
CO.  N.  Y.  It  contains  the  usual  county 
buildings,  &  a  banking  house.  There  are 
several  mineral  springs  at  this  place, 
which  were  once  quite  celebrated.  They 
have  now  lost  some  of  their  properties. 
P.  of  v.,  1,500. 

Ballville,  Sandusky  co.  0.,  lying  on 
both  sides  of  Sandusky  riv. 

Ballybay,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Mona- 
ghan  CO.     P.  1,768. 

Ballycastle,  a  seaport  of  Ireland, 
CO.  Antrim.     P.  1,697. 

Ballyjamesduff,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
CO.  Ciivan.     P.  1,071. 

Ballylongford,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
CO.  Kerry,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Shannon. 
P.  1,143. 

Ballymahon,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co. 
Longford.     P.  1,229. 

Ballymena,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co. 
Antrim,  on  the  Braid,  here  crossed  by  a 
stone  bridge.     P.  5,549. 

Ballymoney,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co. 
Antrim.     P.  2,490. 

Ballymore,  several  pas.  &  vills.  of 
Ireland. 

Ballyovey,  a  pa.  of  Ireland,  co.  Mayo. 
P.  4,605. 

Ballyragget,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co. 
Kilkenny,  on  the  Nore.     P.  1,577. 

Ballysadaee,  a  town  &  pa.  of  Ire- 
land, CO.  Sligo,  on  the  Owenbeg.  P.  of 
pa.  7,822  ;  of  town,  869. 

Ballysax  &  Ballyscullion,  two  pas. 
of  Ireland.     P.  6,979. 

Ballyshannon,  a  seaport  town  of  Ire- 
land, CO.  Donegal.     P.  3,513. 

Balme  (Col  db),  a  peak  of  the  Alps, 
which  forms  the  limit  between  Savoy  & 
the  Vallais,  7,218  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea. 

Balsthal,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  on 
the  Diinnern.     P.  1,000. 

BaltaJ  one  of  the  Shetland  isls. 

Balta,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland.  P. 
9,440. 

Baltanas  y  Dehesa  de  Valverde, 
a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Palencia/  P. 
2,350. 

Baltic  Provinces,  the  Russian  gov- 
ernments situated  on  the  Baltic  sea. 

Baltic,  sea  of  N.  Europe,  enclosed  by 
Sweden,  Russia,  Prussia,  Mecklenburg,  & 
Denmark,  &  communicating  with  the 
Kattegat  &  the  North  Sea,  bj'  the  Sound' 
&  the  Great  &  Little  Belts.  Length, 
900  m. ;  breadth,  180  m.  No  sea  has,  in 
proportion  to  its  size,  so  great  an  influx 


of  fresh  water,  hence  it  contains  but  little 
salt.  In  proportion  to  the  North  sea  this 
is  found  to  be  as  194  to  373.  The  depth 
of  the  Baltic  on  the  W.  is  not  more  than 
15  fathoms,  &  in  general  it  is  only  from 
8  to  10  fathoms  deep.  The  Baltic  has 
no  tides,  or  rather-  the  effect  of  the  tide 
is  so  little  felt  as  not  to  be  observable  ; 
but  it- is  subject  to  changes  of  level,  de- 
pending on  the  winds,  retarding  or  accel- 
erating the  passage  of  the  water  through 
the  sound  &  the  belts.  During  winter 
this  sea  is  usually  frozen  to  a  greater  or 
less  distance  along  the  coasts ;  &  in 
severe  winters,  not  only  the  sound  & 
the  belts,  but  a  great  part  of  its  surface, 
is  covered  with  ice.  In  the  reign  of  King 
Christopher  (1324)  the  Baltic  was  frozen 
so  hard,  that  for  6  weeks  the  people  trav- 
elled beiween  Denmark  &  Germany  on 
the  ice. 

Baltimore,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland, 
CO.  Cork,  on  a  small  bay  of  the  Atlantic. 

Baltimore,  co.  Maryland,  situated  in 
the  N.  part  of  the  state,  contains  900  sq. 
m.  The  surface  is  hilly  but  not  moun- 
tainous. It  is  watered  by  Gunpowder  & 
Patapsco  rivs.  P.  41,292.  Cap.  Balti- 
more. 

Baltimore,  the  third  city  in  popula- 
tion, &  fifth  in  commerce,  in  the  U.  S. ;  is 
situated  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Patapsco 
riv.,  14  m.  from  its  entrance  into  the 
Chesapeake  bay,  &  200  m.  from  the 
Ocean  by  ship  channel.  P.  in  1790,  was 
13,503;  in  1800,  26,514:  in  1810,  35,583; 
in  1820,  62,738;  in  1830,  80,625;  in  1840, 
102,313  ;  in  1850,  169,054,  of  whom  2,946 
are  slaves.  It  has  4  colleges,  with  537 
students;  67  academies,  with  4,500  pu- 
pils ;  71  primary  &  public  schools,  with 
8,892  pupils.  The  city  as  'laid  out  in- 
cludes 4  m.  square,  &  is  built  around  the 
bay,  which  sets  up  from  the  N.  side  of 
the  Patapsco,  the  harbor  of  which  is  very 
fine,  &  consists  of  three  parts  ;  the  first, 
between  Fort  M'Henry  and  the  Laza- 
retto, above  600  yds.  wide,  with  22  feet 
of  water.  Opposite  Pell's  point,  the 
width  is  contracted  to  one  fourth  of  a 
mile.  This  is  the  entrance  to  the  second 
harbor,  &  is  about  12  feet  deep ;  but  it 
widens  above  into  an  ellipse  a  mile  long, 
half  a  mile  broad,  &  fifteen  ft.  deep.  The 
third  or  inner  harbor  has  a  depth  of  ten 
feet,  &r  penetrates  to  near  the  centre 
of  the  city.  The  amount  of  the  tonnage 
of  this  port  was  in  1850,  16,051,164: 
Among  the  public  buildings  are  the  City 
Hall,  the  Court  House,  State  Peniten- 
tiarj',  County  Prison,  &  House  of  Refuge. 
But  the  most  imposing  public  structure 


66 


CYCLOPEDIA   OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[ban 


is  the  Washington  Monument ;  its  base 
is  50  ft.  square  &  20  fteet  high,  on  which 
is  a  pedestal  supporting  a  dorie  column 
160  ft.  high,  on  the  top  of  which  is  a 
statue  of  Washington,  13  feet  high.  The 
column  is  20  feet  in  diameter  at  the  bot- 
tom, &  14  feet  at  the  top,  &  is  ascended 
by  a  circular  staircase  on  the  inside. 
The  Battle  Monument  was  erected  in 
1815,  in  commemoration  of  the  successful 
defence  of  the  city  against  an  attack  of 
the  British  in  1814,  &  is  52  feet  high, 
including  an  elegant  statue  on  the  top, 
emblematical  of  the  city  of  Baltimore. 
The  names  of  those  who  fell  in  the  battle 
are  inscribed  on  the  column  in  letters  of 
gold.  Baltimore  is  well  supplied  with 
pure  &  wholesome  water.  The  commerce 
is  great,  for  which  it  enjoys  peculiar 
facilities.  It  is  the  greatest  market  for 
tobacco  in  the  U.  S.,  &  the  greatest  flour 
market  in  the  world.  Exports  (in  1851) 
S6,466,165.  Imports  $7,243,963.  Arri- 
vals from  foreign  ports,  490 ;  clearances 
for  do.  484.  Capital  invested  in  manu- 
factures, $6,541,922  ;  value  of  raw  ma- 
terial, $9,444,244;  of  annual  products, 
$20,416,511.  There  are  upwards  of  100 
churches  in  the  city,  many  of  which  are 
elegant  structures.  Baltimore  was  laid 
out  as  a  town   1729,   &   was    chartered 

as  a  city  in  1797. II.  p-v.,  Liberty  t., 

IS'airfield  co.  0.    P.  500. III.  hundred, 

Sussex  CO.  Del.     P.  2,241. IV.  p-v., 

Warren  eo.  la.,  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
Wabash  riv. 

Baltinglass,  a  t.  of  Ireland.  P. 1,928. 

Baltrum,  a  small  low  isl.  of  Hanover, 
E.  Friesland,  in  the  German  ocean. 

Baltschik,  town  of  Europ.  Turkey,  on 
Black  sea. 

Balvano,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Basilicata.     P.  4,000. 

Balwiekziski,  a  town  of  Poland  on 
the  Niemen.     P.  1,300. 

Balzac,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Cha- 
rente.     P.  1,000. 

Balzola,  a  town  of  Piedmont.  P.  2,440. 

Bamba,  a  town  of  Congo. 

Bambarra,  an  independent  state  of  W. 
Africa,  Soudan.  The  Bambarras  are 
negroes  of  the  Mandingo  race,  &  toler- 
ably advanced  in  agriculture  :  they  spin 
&  dye  various  fabrics,  work  in  iron  & 
gold,  manuf.  leather,  &  carry  on  a  pretty 
extensive  trade  with  most  of  the  countries 
from  Timbuctoo  to  Guinea.  Gov.  oli- 
garchical, &  3-4ths  of  the  pop.  are  slaves. 

BAMBEcauE,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Nord.     P.  1,139. 

Bamberg,  a  city  of  Bavaria.  P. 
21,Q00.    Its  cathedral,  in  the  Byzantine 


style,  was  founded  in  1004,  &  contains  the 
tombs  of  the  Emperor  Henry  II.  &  his 
Empress. 

Bamboora,  a  ruined  city  of  Scinde. 

Bambouk,  a  country  of  W.  Africa, 
Senegambia.  Gold-washings  are  numer- 
ous, &  veins  of  iron  are  worked.  The 
inhabs.  of  the  Mandingo  race,  have  few 
arts  or  manufs. ;  they  import  cotton  cloths, 
ornaments,  other  manufactured  goods,  & 
salt,  mostly  in  exchange  for  gold  dust. 
Gov.  oligarchical. 

Bambuch,  a  ruined  town  of  Syria,  pash. 
Aleppo. 

Bamian,  a  famous  valley  &  pass  of 
Afghanistan.  Turkestan  (Eoondooz), 
betw.  the  Hindoo  Koosh  range  &  Paro- 
pamisan  mntns.,  &  important  as  the  only 
known  pass  across  the  Himalaya  chain 
practicable  for  artillery.  Lat.  34°  50' 
N.  Here  are  numerous  caves,  &  some 
remarkable  gigantic  statues  cut  in  the 
rock.  The  whole  valley  is  strewed  with 
the  ruins  of  the  city  Ghulghuleh,  de- 
stroyed by  the  Mongols  under  Zinghis 
Khan  about  the  year  1221. 

Bammakoo,  a  town  of  W.  Africa,  state 
Bambarra,  on  the  Niger. 

Bampoora,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  Raj- 
pootana,  dom. 

BambtoNj  several  parishes  in  England. 

Ban,  a  town  of  N.  Hungary,  co.  Tren- 
tschin.     P.  2,300. 

Baistaganpilly,  a  town  of  British  In- 
dia, presid.  Madras.  In  a  low  range  of 
hills  near  it  diamonds  are  found. 

Banagher,  a  town  of  Ireland,  King's 
CO.,  on  the  Shannon.     P.  2,827. 

]3analbufar,  a  town  of  the  isl.  Ma- 
jorca, with  marble  quarries.     P.  5,000. 

Banam,  a  la.  vill.  of  A.  Minor,  Anatolia. 

Banara,  a  large  vill.  of  Persia,  prov. 
Laristan. 

Banas-Chai,  a  riv.  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia.     Length,  70  m. 

Banassac,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Lo- 
zere.     P.  1,818. 

Banat,  that  portion  of  S.  Hungary 
betw.  the  Maros  &  the  Danube.  Chf. 
town,  Temesvar.  It  is  divided  info  2 
circles  or  regiments,  under  2  generalats 
&  1  general  commander.  (1.)  the  Germ. 
Banat  regiment,  occupied  by  93,317 
Sclavonians.  AVallachians,  Croatians, Ger- 
mans, &  Hungarians.  (2.)  the  Wal- 
lachian  Illyrian  regiment.  P.  81,727, 
Wallachians  &  Sclavonians. 

Banaul,    a  vill.  Cashmere. 

Banawaram,  a  town  of  S.  India,  My- 
sore dom.  -  ^ 

Banbridge,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co. 
Down,  on  the  Up.p.  Bann.    P.  3,324. 


ban] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


61 


Banbury,  a  pari.  &  munic.  bor.,  mkt. 
town,  &  pa.  of  England,  co.  Oxford. 

Banca,  an  isl.  of  the  Malay  archi- 
pelago, off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Sumatra. 
Est.  area,  3,200  sq.  m.  P.  160,000.  It 
is  remarkable  for  its  abundant  produce 
of  tin  from  an  alluvial  soil  over  a  granite 
formation.  The  Strait  of  Banca,  betw. 
it  &  Sumatra,  varies  from  8  to  20  m.  in 
breadth. — Banca  is  also  the  name  of  a 
small  isl.  12  m.  N.E.  Celebes. 

Bancallan,  a  seaport  town  of  the  isl. 
Madura,  Malay,  archipelago. 

Bancapoor,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bombay. 

Bance  Island,  a  small  isl.  in  the  estu- 
ary of  the  Sierra  Leone  riv.  (W.  Africa). 

Bancoorah,  or  West  Burdwan,  a 
dist.  of  British  India,  presid.  Bengal. 
Area,  3,000  sq.  m.  P.  500,000.  (?)  Ban- 
coorah, its  princip.  town. 

Bancoot,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bombay. 

Banda,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  Bundel- 
cund. II.  a  small  t.,  presid.  Bombay. 

Banda  Isles,  a  group  of  12  small,  but 
important  isls.,  Molucca  archip.,  belong- 
ing to  the  Dutch.  P.  4,065.  They  are 
all  lofty  &  volcanic,  &  the  four  larger  are 
exclusively  appropriated  to  the  cultiva- 
tion of  nutmegs,  from  90,000  to  100,000 
lbs.  of  which,  &  25,000  to  30,000  lbs.  mace, 
are  produced  here  annually.  Six  of  the 
isls.  G-reat  Banda,  Banda  Neira,  Ay, 
Crunong-Api,  Rhun,  &  Rosingyn  are  in- 
habited. Gt.  Banda  is  the  largest ;  Gu- 
nong-Api  is  the  highest,  &  has  an  active 
volcano  of  same  narne  ;  Banda  Neira  is 
the  most  important  isl.  of  the  group,  & 
is  the  residence  of  the  governor. 

Banda  Oriental,  S.  America. 

Bander,  a  small  port  of  S.  Arabia, 
Akrabiterrit.,  12  W.  Aden. II.  a  sea- 
port of  Scinde,  in  the  delta  of  the  Indus. 

P.  1,200. Bander  is  the  name  of  many 

small  bays  on  the  coast  of  Arabia. 

Banditti  Isle,  Malay  archipelago, 
in  the  strait  of  Lombok. 

Bandol,  a  vill.  of  France,  in  the  isl. 
Pomegue,  on  the  Mediterranean.  P. 
1,814. 

Bandon,  a  riv.  in  the  S.  of  Ireland. 
Length,  40  m. 

Bandon,  a  town  &  pari.  bor.  of  Ireland, 

Bandong,  a  town  of  the  Dutch  E.  In- 
dies, on  the  W.  coast  of  Java.  Near  it 
is  the  volcano  of  Gunong  Guntonr,  by  an 
eruption  of  which,  in  1822,  80  villages 
were  destroyed. 

Bandoogur,  two  towns  of  India. 

Baneras,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Ali- 
cante.   P.  2,30(J. 


Baneza  (La),  a  t.  of  Spain,  prov,  Leon. 
P.  2,270. 

Banff,  a  royal  &  pari,  bor.,  seaport 
town,  &  pa.  of  Scotland,  cap.  co.,  on  the 
Doveron,  at  its  mouth  in  Moray  firth, 
38  m.  N.N.W.  Aberdeen.     P.  3,958. 

Banffshire,  a  marit.  co.  of  Scotland. 
P.  49,679.  Cairngorm  mntn.,  4,095  ft. 
in  height,  is  mostly  in  this  co.  Chf.  riv. 
the  Spey,  Avon,  &  Doveron. 

Bangalore,  a  large  town,  S.  India, 
Mysore  dom.  It  is  enclosed  by  double 
walls,  &  has  a  citadel,  containing  the 
palace  of  Tippoo  Saib.  Being  the  head- 
quarters of  the  British  resident  &  Ma- 
dras officers  in  Mysore,  &  a  good  deal  fre- 
quented by  Europeans  owing  to  its  sa- 
lubrity, it  is  furnished  with  many  Euro- 
pean shops,  assembly  &  reading  rooms, 
&  good  barracks.  Temperature  rarely 
exceeds  82°,  or  sinks  below  56°  Fahr. 

Banganapilly,  a  small  town  of  Brit- 
ish India,  presid.  Madras. 

Bangassi,  a  large  t.  of  TV.  Africa,  Se- 
negambia. 

Bang-kok,  the  cap.  city  of  Siam,  &on9 
of  the  most  commercial  places  in  Asia ;  on 
the  Menam,  about  20  m.  above  its  mouth. 
P.  60,000.  It  has  numerous  Buddhic 
temples ;  &  in  the  palace  is  a  spacious 
audience-hall.  The  more  solid  buildings 
are  of  brick;  but  the  majority  of  the 
dwellings  are  of  wood,  mounted  on  posts. 
Most  of  the  intercourse  is  carried  on  by 
water,  &  the  Menam  is  navigable  to  tbe 
city  for  vessels  of  250  tons. 

Bangor,  a  vill.  of  France,  in  the  isl. 
of  Belle-Isle.    P.  1,638. 

Bangor,  a  city,  pari,  bor.,  seaport,  & 
pa.  of  N.  Wales,  at  the  head  of  Beau- 
maris bay.  The  cathed.,  date  525  (?),  is 
an  embattled  cruciform  structure,  with  a 
low  massive  tower :  its  choir  is  appro- 
priated to  the  cathedral  service  ;  its  nave, 
141  ft.  in  length,  is  used  as  the  pa.  church, 
&  in  one  of  the  transepts,  service  is  cele- 
brated in  the  Welsh  tongue. 

Bangor,  pa.,  on  the  Dee,  Wales.  P. 
1,257.  This  is  the  supposed  seat  of  one 
of  the  largest  monasteries  in  Britain, 
which,  according  to  Lambard,  was  inhab. 
in  the  6th  centui-y  by  2,100  monks,  1,200 
of  whom  were  massacred  early  in  the  7th 
by  the  Northumbrian  Saxons.  Gildas, 
the  earliest  British  historian,  is  said  to 
have  been  a  monk  of  this  community. 

Bangor,  a  seaport  of  Ireland,  co. 
Down.     P.  3,116. 

Bangor,  city  &  p-t.,  the  capital  of  Pe- 
nobscot CO.,  Me.  It  is  situated  at  the 
head  of  the  navigation  on  the  W.  side  of 
Penobscot  river,  60  miles  from  the  ocean. 


68 


CYCLOP-rEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


BAN 


Tonnage,  27,571.  P.  14,432.  The  har- 
bor is  spacious.  The  principal  article  of 
trade  is  lumber.  More  than  1,200  vessels 
of  over  100  tons  burden  each,  are  em- 
ployed in  this.  The  Bangor  theo.  seni. 
is  located  here.  It  has  3  professors  & 
4,3  students.  In  its  library  are  7,000 
vol. 

Bangor,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
1,289. 

Bang-pa-soe,  a  seaport  town  of  Siara. 

Banguby,  an  isl.  of  the  Malay  archi- 
pelago, oft'  the  N.  extremity  of  Borneo. 
Turtle  are  plentiful  on  this  island. 

Banho,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov. 
Beira.     P.  2,000. 

Baniak  Islands,  a  group  in  the  In- 
dian ocean,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra. 
A  conical  shaped  hill  on  Pulo  Baniak 
island,  is  a  conspicuous  sea-mark. 

Banialuka,  a  town  of  Europ.  Turkey, 
prov.  Bosnia.     P.  7,800. 

Banias,  two  vills..of  Syria. 

Banjermassin,  an  extensive  country 
of  Borneo,  occupying  the  S.E.  part  of  the 
isl.  P.  120,000.  It  is  governed  by  a  sul- 
tan, whose  power  is  absolute,  except  in 
so  far  as  limited  by  treaties  with  the 
Netherlands  government ;  all  the  dia- 
monds, above  5  carats,  found  in  the  mines 
of  Banjermassin,  are  considered  the  prop- 
erty of  the  saltan  ;  but  the  Netherlands 
government  receives  a  tribute  equal  to 
1-lOth  of  the  value.  Banjermassin  has 
an  extensive  trade  with  China:  its  chief 
ex.ports  consist  of  pepper  &  other  spices, 
gold  dust,  diamonds,  wax,  camphor,  rat- 
tans, edible  birds' -nests,  &  small  arms. 
The  Dutch  have  had  a  factory  here  since 
1748,  &  the  territory  was  ceded  to  them 
in  1787. 

Banjoemas,  a  town  of  the  Dutch  East 
Indies,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  isl.  of  Java. 

Bankalan,  a  town  of  the  Dutch  East 
Indies,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  isl.  Ma- 
dura. 

Banks'  (Island),  British  N.  Ameri- 
ca, is  in  the  Pacific. — (Islands),  a  group 
of  17  isls..  Pacific  0. — Also  a  group,  S. 
Australia,  in  Spencer's  gulf. — {Land), 
British  N.  America,  Arctic  ocean. — 
{Cape),  E.  Australia. — {Peninsula),  New 
Zealand,  Middle  Isl.,  near  the  centre  of 
its  E.  coast. — {Strait),  between  Van  Die- 
men's  Land  &  Fourneaux  Islands. 
Breadth  15  m. — {Town),  New  South 
Wales,  CO.  Cumberland. 

Bankybazab,  a  small  town  of  British 
India,  on  the  Hooghly. 

Bann,  two  rivs.  of  the  N.  of  Ireland. 

Bannalec,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Finist^re.    P.  4,183. 


Banne,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Ardfeche. 
P.  1,755. 

Bannister,  r.,  Halifax  co.  Va. 

Bannockburn,  a  vill.  of  Scotland,  co. 
Stirling,  on  the  Bannock,  famous  for  the 
great  victory  gained  here,  24th  June, 
1314,  by  the  Scots  under  Bruce,  over  the 
English,  commanded  by  Edward  II.  & 
his  generals.  The  latter  are  stated  to 
have  lost  50,000,  &  the  Scots  only 
4,000.  Near  it,  at  Sauchie  Burn,  in 
1488,  James  III.  of  Scotland  was  de- 
feated by  his  son. 

Banolas,  a  t.  of  Spain,  prov.  Gerona, 
with  mineral  springs  &  baths.     P.  2,377. 

Banrou,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Ome. 
P.  1,054. 

Banstead,  a  pa.  of  England,  co.  Sur- 
rey. P.  1,168.  In  the  vicinity  are  nu- 
merous country  seats,  the  most  noted  of 
which,  "The  Oaks,'  gives  name  to  one 
of  the  great  stakes  at  Epsom  races,  the 
subscription  to  which  in  1847  amounted 
to4,425Z. 

Banswaba,  a  town  of  Hindostan, 
prov.  Gujerat. 

Bantam,  a  residency  of  the  Dutch  E. 
Indies,  of  the  isl.  of  Java.  P.  362,242. 
It  is  divided  into  3  regencies,  N.  Ceram, 
or  Serang,  S.  Lebak,  W.  Tjiringin. 

Bantjar,  a  town  of  the  Dutch  E.  In- 
dies, on  the  N.  coast  of  Java.  It  has  a 
fine  port,  with  extens.  shipbuilding  docks. 

Bantrv,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland, 
eo.  Cork,  near  the  head  of  Bantry  bay. 
P.  4,082. 

Bantry  Bay,  a  large  bay,  S.  of  Ireld., 
CO.  Cork,  &  one  of  the  finest  harbors  in 
Europe.  Within  it  are  Bear  &  Whiddy's 
isls.,  between  which  &  the  mainland, 
the  water  is  from  20  to  40  feet  deep,  & 
the  anchorage  is  everywhere  good. 

Bantzenheim,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
H.  Rhin.     P.  1,133. 

Banwell,  a  pa.  of  England,  co.  Somer- 
set. A  fine  park  here  belongs  to  the 
Bishops  of  Bath  &  Wells,  who  have  held 
the  manor  since  the  time  of  Edward  the 
Confessor. 

Banya (Felso),at..of Hung'y.  P. 4,536. 
It  has  mines  of  gold,  silver,  copper,  lead, 
&  iron,  with  foundries,  forges,  &  pottery 
works. 

Banya  (Nagy),  a  t  jwn  of  Hungary,  co. 
Szathmar.  P.  4,928.  It  has  mmes  of 
gold,  silver,  &  lead,  which  have  been 
long  worked,  &  are  very  productive. 

Banyulis-sur-Mer,  a  town  of  France, 
dep.  Pyrenees  Orient.  P.  1,337.  Nenr 
it  are  4  one.  towers,  one  of  which,  the 
Ban  de  Caroch,  marks  the  limit  betw. 
France  &  Spain. 


bar] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


69 


Banyuwangy,  a  seaport  town  on  the 
E.  coast  of  the  island  Java,  belonging  to 
Holland. 

Banz,  a  vill.  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Main, 
with  a  palace  of  Duke  William  of  Ba- 
varia. 

Ban-Zardah,  a  strong  mntn.  fortr.  of 
Persia,  prov.  Irak-Ajemi,  in  Mt.  Zagros. 

Bapaume,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Pas- 
de-Calais.     P.  2,973. 

Bar,  a  tovvn._of  British  India,  presid. 
Bengal. 

Bar,  a  riv.  of  France,  dep.  Ardennes. 

Bar,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Corr^ze. 
P.  1,228. 

Bar,  a  town  of  Russia.    P.  3,000. 

Bara,  a  riv.  of  Afghanistan. 

Baeaba,  a'  vast  steppe  of  Siberia,  ex- 
tending bet\V.  the  Oby  &  the  Irtish, 
covered  with  numerous  salt  lakes  & 
marshes. 

Bahacoa,  a  seaport  town  of  the  Span- 
ish W.  Indies,  on  the  N.Fj.  coast  of  the 
isl.  of  Cuba.  P.  2,000.  In  its  vicin.  is  a 
remark,  table-mntn.  termed  the  Anvil 
of  Baracoa. 

Barahat,  a  town,  N.  Hindostan,  on 
the  Bhagirathi. 

Babaitche,  a  town  of  Hindostan, 
Oiide. 

Barak,  the  principal  river  of  Cachar 
(Further  India). 

Baranbllo,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Molise.     P.  2,500. 

Baeanow,  a  town  of  Austrian-Galicia. 

P.  1,000. II.  a  town  of  Poland,  on  the 

Wieprz.     P.  1,300. 

Baranquilla,  a  town  of  S.  Amer., 
New  Granada,  with  a  port  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Magdalena,  at  its  mouth. 

BARANTCHiNSK,avin.of  Asiatic  Russia. 

Baranya,  a  CO."  of  Hungary,  on  the 
Danube.  P.  213,573.  It  is  partly  moun- 
tainous, &  partly  marshy,  but  Very  fer- 
tile. 

Barataria,    Jefferson    par.   La.     P. 

1,176. II.  an  isl.,  Louisiana,  in  the 

gulf  of  Mexico,  at  the  entrance  of  the 
bay  of  same  name.  It  is  a  strong  mili- 
tary position,  with  a  spacious  port  for 
small  vessels. 

Barau,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    P.  1,315. 

Bareacena,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  the 
Sierra  Mantiqueira.  P.  of  town  &  dist. 
12.000. 

Barbacoa,  a  vill.  of  New  Grenada,  25 
m.  W.  of  Aspinwall,  on  the  railroad  from 

Navy  bay  to  Panama. II.  a  town  of 

Venezuela. 

Barbados,  or  Barbadoes,  the  most 
E.  of  the  W.  India  isls.,  belonging  to  Gt. 
Britain,  windward  group,  in  the  Atlantic, 


105  m.  E.  St.  Vincent.    Cireumf.  55  m. 
P.  (in  June  1851)  135,939. 

Barbadoes  (New),  a  tnshp.,  U.S.,  N. 
Amer.,  Bergen  eo.  N.  J.     P.  2,104. 

Barbania,  a  t.  of  Piedmont.     P.  1,760. 

Barbant  (St.),  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
H.  Vienne.     P.  1,273. 

BA.aBARA  (Sta.),  a  town  of  Mexico, 
190m.  S.E.  Monterey,  with  a  port  on  the 

Pacific  ocean. II.  a  t.  of  Chile,  in  the 

isl.  Laxa. Santa  Barbara  is  also  the 

name  of  sev.  vills.  in  Brazil,  &  of  a  marit. 
estab.  on  the  coast  of  Upper  California. 

Barbary,  an  extensive  region,  com- 
prising all  the  N.  portion  of  Africa,  from 
Egj'pt  to  the  Atlantic  ocean,  &  from  the 
Mediterr.  to  the  Greater  Atlas.  It  is  di- 
vided by  the  Atlas  mntns.  into  2  regions, 
that  on  the  N.  comprising  the  4  Barbary 
states,  viz.,  the  empire  of  Morocco,  the 
prov.  of  Algeria,  &  the  b»ylics  of  Tunis 
&  Tripoli,  &  the  S.  region  called  the 
Beled'-ul-Jerid,  or  country  of  dates. 
Barbary  &  Egypt  formed  nearly  all  of 
Africa  known  to  the  ancients.  It  attained 
great  celebrity  under  the  dom.  of  the 
Carthaginians ;  was  afterw.  subject  to 
the  Romans,  &  occup.  for  nearly  a  cent, 
by  the  Vandals.  The  Arabs  took  it  finally 
from  the  Romans  about  B.C.  697. 

Barbaste,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Lot- 
et-Garonne.     P.   1,530. 

Barbastro,  a  town  of  Spain,  Aragon, 
on  the  Cinca.     P.  6,043.     It  has  a  cath - 
dral,    with   some  paintings  of  the  16th 
century,  &  3  convents. 

Barbentanne,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
B.-du-RhOne.     P.  1,831. 

Barberino-di-Mugello,  a  town  of 
Tuscany.     P.  2,016. 

Barbezieux,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Charente.     P.  2,335. 

Barbona,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  gov. 
Venice.     P.  2,500. 

Barbonne,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Marne.     P.  1,276. 

Barbour,  co.,  Ala.,  in  the  E.  part  of 
the  state.    Cap.  Clayton.    Staple  product 

cotton.      P.    23,632. II.  a  co.  of  W. 

Virginia.     P.  9,005. 

Barbouhsville,  cap.  Knox  co.  Ky. 

II.  cap.  of  Cabell  co.  Va.,  on  the  Great 
Guyandot  riv. 

Barbuda,  one  of  the  Brit.  "W.  India 
isls.,  leeward  group,  in  the  Atlantic. 
Area,  75  sq.  m.  P.  1,600.'  The  greater 
part  of  the  isl.  is  flat  &  fertile,  producing 
corn,  cotton,  pepper,  &  tobacco  ;  but  no 
sugar.  There  is  no  port,  but  a  roadstead 
on  W.  side. 

Barby,  a  town  of  Prus.  Saxony,  on  the 
Elbe.     P.  3,400. 


10 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGHAPHY. 


[bar 


Barca,  a  town  of  Portugal.   P.  1,900. 

Barca,  a  marit.  region  of  N.  Africa, 
forming  the  E.  divis.  of  Tripoli.  The  pop. 
consists  of  Bedwin  Arabs,  with  a  few 
Jews  in  the  towns.  This  region  was  an- 
ciently the  seat  of  the  Fentapolis,  or  five 
Greek  cities  of  Berenice,  Arsinoe,  Barca, 
ApoUonia,  &  Cyrene. 

^AECARROTA,  a  town  of  Spain,  proT. 
S.  Badajos,  with  4,285  inhab. 

Barcellos,   a  town  of  Portugal.     P. 

3,892. II.    a  town   of  Brazil,    prov. 

Para,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Eio  Negro. 

Barcelona,  a  seaport  town  of  S. 
Amer.,  Venezuela,  on  the  1.  b.  of  the 
Neveri.  Founded  in  1634*  Houses 
mostly  of  mud ;  &  its  sit.  is  unhealthy. 

Barcelona,  a  city  &  seaport  of  Spain, 
&  formerly  cap.  of  Catalonia,  on  the 
Mediterranean.  Its  buildings  within  the 
walls  are  cro^»ded,  but  mostly  good ;  & 
it  has  excellent  public  promenades. 
Princip.  edifices,  catlied.,  Dominican  con- 
vent, old  jDalaee  of  the  kings  of  Aragon, 
opera-house,  new  prison,  an  extens.  arse- 
nal, &  barracks.  The  harb.  has  18  to  20 
ft.  water,  but  owing  to  a  bar  at  its  mth., 
large  ships  are  obliged  to  anchor  outside  ; 
an  immense  sea  wall  has  been  commenc- 
ed, which,  if  completed,  would  render  the 
port  one  of  the  most  extensive  &  commod. 
on  the  Mediterranean.  Barcelona  has 
nums.  estabs.  for  public  instruc,  a  theol. 
seminary,  8  colleges,  a  school  of  artillery, 
a  school  of  medicine,  an  institution  for 
deaf  &  dumb,  courses  of  lectures  on  navi- 
gation, agriculture,  &  the  fine  arts,  a 
botanic  garden,  4  public  libraries,  one  of 
which  is  very  rich  in  MSS.  &  archives  of 
the  kingdom  of  Aragon.  Bai-celona  is 
supposed  to  have  derived  its  anc.  name 
from  its  Carthaginian  founder,  Hamilear 
Barcino,  B.C.  about  200.  The  city  was 
taken  by  the  French  in  1714,  &  again  in 
1808.  It  was  desolated  by  the  yellow 
fever  in  1821,  &  bombarded  by  order  of 
the  Regent  Espartero  in  1843. — JBarcelo- 
neta  is  a  suburb  of  Barcelona,  often  re- 
garded as  a  distinct  town.    P.  5,000. 

II.  p-t.,  on  Lake  Erie,  Chautauque  co. 
N.  Y. 

Barceloneta,  a  town  of  S.  America, 
Venezuela,  on  the  Paragua. 

Barcelonnette,  a  town  of  France, 
dep.  Basses- Alpes.     P.  1,905. 

Bargelore,  a  marit.  t.  of  British  In- 
dia, presid.  Madras,  on  the  Malabar  coast. 

Barchfeld,  a  town  of  Hessen-Cassel, 
prov.  Pulda,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Werra.  P. 
1,400. 

Barcus,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  B.  Py- 
renees.- P.  2,497. 


Bard,  a  fortress  &  vill.  of  Piedmont, 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Doire. 

Bahdenberg,  a  vill.  of  Rhen.  Prussia, 
with  coal  mines.     P.  1,290. 

Bardis,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt.  The 
French  gave  battle  here,  6th  April.  1799. 

Bardney,  a  pa.  of  England,  co.  Lin- 
coln. On  a  large  barrow,  in  this  pa., 
there  is  a  cross  to  the  memory  of  Ethel- 
red,  king  of  Mereia,  said  to  be  buried 
there. 

Bardolino,  a  town  of  Venice.  P. 
2,200. 

Bard  ONNE  CHE,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont. 
P.  1,060. 

Bardos,  k  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Basses- 
Pyrenees.     P.  2,468. 

Bardowieck,  a  town  of  Hanover.  P. 
1,400. 

Bardsey,  an  isl.  of  N.  Wales,  co. 
Carnarvon,  in  the  Irish  sea.  It  is  acces- 
sible only  at  a  small  harbor  on  the  S.E. 
side.  It  has  no  church,  but  the  inhabs. 
meet  to  read  prayers  in  its  ruined  ab- 
bey. 

Bareily,  a  dist.  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid. Bengal.    Chief  towns,  Barerly,  Pilib- 

heet,    &   Shahjehanpoor. Bareily,    a 

city  on  a  tribut.  of  the  Ganges.  P. 
66,000.  It  has  several  mosques,  a  cita- 
del, Engl,  college,  Persian  &  Hindoo 
schools. 

Barentin,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Seine 
Inf.     P.  2,278. 

Barenton,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Manche.     P.  3,106. 

Barete,  a  town  of  Naples,  with  cele- 
brated baths.     P.  1,000. 

Baretoun  (Al),  a  town  of  Egypt,  on 
the  Mediterranean. 

Baretschweil,  a  vill.  of  Switzerl.  P. 
3,462. 

Barfleur,  a  seaport  town  of  France, 
dep.  Manche,  on  the  English  channel. 
It  was  formerly  one  of  the  best  ports  in 
Normandy,  but  now  its  harbor  is  partly 
filled  up  with  sand.  It  is  asserted  that 
William  the  Conq.  set  out  from  this  port 
for  the  conquest  of  England. 

Barga,  a  vill.  of  Tuscany,  on  the  Ser- 
chio.     P.  2,540. 

BArgarran,  a  vill.  of  Scotl.,  co.  Ren- 
frew. Here  the  manuf.  of  fine  thread 
was  first  established  in  Scotland. 

Bargas,  a  town  of  Spain.    P.  3,457. 

Barge,  an  anc.  town  of  Piedmont.  P. 
8,602.     it  has  slate  quarries. 

Baegemont,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Var.     P.  1,750. 

Bargouzin,  a  riv.  of  Siberia,  gov. 
Irkutsk. 

Baex  (Terra  di),  a  prov.  of  Naples. 


bar] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


■71 


It  is  mostly  fiat,  &  very  fertile  in  grain, 
■wine,  &  fruit.  Climate  dry,  &  yery  warm 
in  summer.     P.  476,638. 

Bari,  a  city  &  seaport  of  Naples,  on  a 
penins.  in  the  Adriatic.  P.  21,500.  It  is 
defended  by  walls  towards  the  sea ;  the 
Corso  is  a  fine  new  street,  but  in  general 
the  town  is  mean  &  dirty.  Principal  build- 
ings, a  citadel,  cathedral,  a  college  of  no- 
bles, lyceuin,  large  diocesan  seminary. 
JSari,  conquered  by  the  Normans  in  the 
11th  century,  was  for  some  time  cap.  of 
their  duchy  of  Apulia.    The  prov.  of  Bari 

is  well  cultiy.     P.  426,000. II.  a  vill. 

of  Greece,  gov.  Attica,  near  which  is  a 
stalactitic  cave  in  Mt.  Hymettus,  with 
anc.  inscriptions. III.  a  vill.  of  Sar- 
dinia.    P.  1,500. 

Barigazzo,  a  vill.  of  Italy,  duchy  of 
Jlodena.  Near  this  is  observed  a  phe- 
nomenon similar  to  that  at  Pietramala. 
Natural  fire  issues  from  the  soil,  ascends 
several  feet,  &  continues  for  some  days 
without  intermission. 

Baeigiano,   a   town    of   Naples.     P. 
1,800. 
Barile,  a  town  of  Naples.    P.  3,200. 
Barima,  a  riv.  &  headland  of  British 
Guiana. 

BaRiNG,  p-t.,  Washino;ton  co.  Maine, 
on  the  St.  Croix  r.     P.  376. 

Barjac,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Gard, 
cap  .cant.    P.  1,748. 

Barjols,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Var. 
P.  3,181. 

Barker,  t.,  Broome  co.,  N.  Y.  P. 
1,259. 

Barkhamstead,  p-t.,  Litchfield  co. 
Conn.     P.  1,571. 

Barking,  a  town  &  pa.  of  England, 
CO.  Essex.     P.  8,718. 

Barkisland,  a  tnship.  of  England,  co. 
Fork.    P.  2,391. 
Barkol,  a  town  of  Chinese  Turkestan. 
Barlassina,  a  vill.  of  Lombardy. 
Bar-le-Duc,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Meuse,  on  the  Ornaih.    P.  12,673.    Birth- 
place of  the  Duke  of  Guise,  &  of  Gen. 
Excelmans. 

Barletta,  a  seaport  city  of  Naples, 
on  a  rocky  isl.  in  the  Adriatic.   P.  17.690. 
It  has  a  citadel,  cathedral,  college,  &  a 
colossal  statue  of  the  Emp.  Heraclius. 
Its  harb.,  formed  by  a  mole  on  which  is 
a  light-house,  admits  only  small  vessels. 
Barlovento,   a  town  of  the  Canary 
isls.,  on  the  isl.  Palma.     P.  2,148. 
Barlow,  p-t.,  Washington  co.  0. 
Barmbeck,  a  vill.,  N.  Germany.     P. 
1,539. 

Barmen,  an  extensive  manuf.  dist.  of 
Rhenish    Prussia,   gov.    Dusseldorf.    P. 


33.000.  It  has  several  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  deaf  &  dumb  asylum,  exchange, 
police  court,  commercial  tribunal,  &  nu- 
merous clubs. 

Bahmstedt,  a  vill.  of  Denmark,  Hol- 
stein. 

Barnabe  (St.),  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 

COtes-du-Nord.     P.  1,047 II.  a  vill. 

dep.  B.  du  Rhone.     P.  1,026. 

Barnagore,  a  town  of  British  India, 
on  the  Hoogly. 

Bernard,  p-t.,  Windsor  co.  Vt.,  adapt- 
ed to  grazing.  It  has"  good  mill  seaAs. 
P.  1,774. 

Barnard  Castle,  a  town  of  England, 
CO.  Durham,  on  the  Tees.  P.  4,452.  It 
has  a  hospital  for  poor  persons,  founded 
in  1229  by  John  Baliol,  king  of  Scotland 
(a  native  of  this  place),  &  the  ruins  of 
the  stately  castle,  whence  the  town  de- 
rives its  name,  Isuilt  by  Barnard,  the 
grandfather  of  Baliol. 

Barnaul,  the  principal  mining  town 
of  W.  Siberia,  on  the  Barnaul  Oby. 
P.  9,927.  It  is  under  the  immedi- 
ate authority  of  the  cabinet  of  St.  Pe- 
tersburg, &  is  the  seat  of  a  mining 
board,  &  the  cap.  of  a  mining  dist.  "-as 
extensive  as  the  whole  kgm.  of  Hungary." 

Barnbgat  Bay,  is  separated  from  the 
ocean  by  Island  beach,  &  Squam  beach. 

Barnesville,  v.,  Warren  t.,  Belmont 
CO.  0. 

Barnes,  a  pa.  of  England,  on  the 
Thames.  P.  1,461.  Rose's  bequest  of 
20Z.  per  annum,  made  1623,  to  the  poor 
of  Barnes,  is  conditional  upon  rose  bushes 
being  kept  trained  round  his  monument. 
At  Barn-elms,  in  this  pa.,  Walsingham 
entertained  Q.  Elizabeth,  Cowley  the 
poet  resided,  &  the  Kit-Cat  club  held 
its  meetings. 

Barnet,  a  town  of  England,  co.  Hertf. 
An  obelisk  near  the  town  commemorates 
the  battle  fought  there  in  1471,  betw.  the 
York  &  Lancaster  armies,  when  the  latter 
were  totally  defeated,  &  their  leader,  the 

great  Earl  of  Warwick,  was  killed. 

II.  p-t.,  Caledonia  co.  Vt.     P.  2,030. 

Barneveld,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands. 
P.  2,390. 

Barneveld  Island,  S.  ocean,  off 
Tierra  del  Fuego. 

.  Barneville-^ur-Mer,     a    town    of 
France,  dep.  Manche.     P.  1,083. 

Baensley  (St.  Mary),  a  town  of 
England,  co.  York.     P.  12,310. 

Barnstable,  co.,  Mass.,  includes  the 
whole  of  Cape  Cod,  in  the  E.  part  of  the 
state.  The  cape  is  65  m.  long,  &  has  a 
medium  breadth  of  5  m.  A  greater  por- 
tion of  the  cape  is  sandy  &  dry,  &  inca- 


72 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bar 


pable  of  furnishing  the  necessary  subsist- 
ence to  the  inhabitants,  who  depend  chiefly 
upon  the  cod,  &  other  fisheries.    P.  35,276. 

II.  a  seaport  of  Engl.,  co.  Devon,  on 

the  Taw,  here  crossed  by  a  stone  bridge  of 
16  arches.  The  town  is  said  to  have  been 
founded  by  Athelstan,  &  was  incorp.  by 
Henry  I.  It  is  well  built,  has  a  large 
ancient  church,  &  a  grammar  school,  en- 
dowed in  1649,  occupying  part  of  an  old 
monastery,  in  which  Bishop  Jewel  &  the 
poet  Gay  were  educated. III.  Barn- 
stable, p-t.,  seaport,  &  capital  of  Barn- 
stable CO.  Mass.  The  town  extends  across 
the  cape,  &  the  village  is  on  the  S.  side 
of  Barnstable  bay,  which  opens  into  Cape 
Cod  bay.  Betw.  50  &  60  fishing  &  coast- 
ing vessels  belong  to  the  place.    P.  4,901. 

Barnstead,  p-t.,  Belknap  CO.  N.H. 

Barnstoef,  a  vill.  of  Hanover,  co. 
Hoya.  I, 

Barnwell,  a  vill.  of  England,  co.  of 
Cambridge.  P.  6,909. II.  S.W.  dis- 
trict of  S.  C,  contains  an  area  of  1,680 
sq.  m.  It  lies  between  the  Savannah  riv. 
&  the  Edisto  riv.  Soil,  moderately  good. 
Cotton  is  the  chief  production.  It  com- 
municates with  Savannah  by  the  Savan- 
nah riv.  &  with  Beaufort,  &  the  adjoinmg 
isls.  by  the  Salkahatchie  r.  There  are 
several  sulphur  springs  in  the  district, 
one  of  which  affords  water  sufiSeient  to 
propel  an  ordinary  grist  mill.  Capital, 
Barnwell  C.  H.     P.  26,608. 

Baroach,  a  dist.  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bombay.  P  229,527. Baro- 
ach (probably  the  anc.  Barygaza),  cap. 
of  the  above  dist ,  is  on  the  Nerbudda. 

Baroda,  a  city  of  Hindostan.  P. 
100,000.  (?) 

Baros,  a  town  of  the  Dutch  E.  Indies, 
on  W.  coast  of  the  isl.  Sumatra. 

Barquesimeto,  a  city  of  Venezuela, 
cap.  prov.  P.  12,000.  (?)  It  was  entire- 
ly destroyed  by  an  earthquake  in  1802. 

Barr,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Bas- 
Ehin,  at  the  foot  of  the  Vosges.    P.  3,585. 

Barra,  an  isl.  of  Scotland,  Hebrides. 

Barra.  a  town  of  Naples.  P.  5,900. 
II.  atown  S.E.  Reggio.     P.  2,600. 

Barra,  sev.  towns  of  I5razil. 

Barraconda,  a  town  of  Senegambia. 

Barrackpoor,  a  seat  of  the  governor- 
general  of  Brit.  India,  presid.  &  prov. 
Bengal,  on  the  Iloogly.  Here  is  a  fine 
park  4  m.  in  circ,  &  laid  out  in  European 
style,  near  which  is  a  large  military  vil- 
lage with  cantonments. 

Barrafranca,  a  town  of  Sicily,  dist. 
Piazza.     P.  6,600. 

Bareamahl,  a  dist.  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras. 


Barra  Mansa,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov. 
Rio-de- Janeiro,  on  the  Parahiba.  P. 
6,000. 

Barran,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Gers. 
P.  1,821. 

Barranca,  a  town  of  New  Granada, 

on  the  Magdalena  riv. Barranguilla 

is  a  seaport  town  at  the  mouth  of  same 
river. 

Barrataria  (Bay  of),  an  inlet  of  the 
gulf  of  Mexico,  50  m.  'VV.N.'W.  the  mouth 
of  the  Mississippi.  It  is  wide,  shallow,  & 
entered  by  an  intricate  channel.  Previ- 
ously to  1814,  it  was  the  retreat  of  La- 
fitte,  the  pirate  of  the  gulf. 

Barrax,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Alba- 
cete.     P.  2,576. 

Bahraux,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Isere. 
P.  1,452.     Near  it  is  a  fort  built  1596. 

Barre,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.  Mass.,  it  is 
watered  by  Ware   river  &  its  branches. 

P.   2,976. II.  p-t.,  Orleans   co.  N.  Y. 

The  Erie  canal  passes  through  the  town  ; 
it  contains  several  villages,  the  chief  of 
which   are  Albion  &   Barre  Centre.     P. 

5,539. III.  t.,  Washington  co.  Vt.     A 

grazing  town,  watered  by  Onion  riv.  P. 
1,845. 

Barreah,  a  neatly  built  town  of  Hin- 
dostan. 

Barreges,  a  vill.  &  celeb,  watering 
place  of  France,  dep.  H.  Pyrenees,  on  the 
Gave-de-Bastan,  3,240  ft.  above  the  sea. 
It  consists  of  about  60  houses,  most  of 
thera  temporary  sheds,  abandoned  during 
winter  on  account  of  the  cold  &  the  danger 
to  which  it  is  exposed  from  avalanches 
It  is  frequented  annually  by  about  1,500 
invalids,  for  the  sake  of  its  sulphureous 
springs,  which  have  a  temp,  varying  from 
104°  to  122°  Fahrenheit.  The  baths, 
which  for  a  century  have  enjoyed  the 
highest  reputation,  were  founded  by  Louis 
XV. 

Barren  Island,  one  of  the  Hunter 
isls.  oiF  the  N.B.  extremity  of  Tasmania, 

1.  15  m.  b.  4  m. II.  a  volcanii  isl.,  bay 

of  Bengal,  with  a  cone  1,848  feet  in 
lieight,  frequently  in  eruption. 

Barren,  CO.  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky. 
P.  20,240.  Cap.  Glasgow.  Staple,  to- 
bacco. Distilleries. II.  two  small  riv- 
ers of  Ky. 

Barretsville,  p-v.  Lumpkin  co.  Ga. 

Barhead,  avill.  of  Seotl.,co.  Renfrew. 
P.  3,492.     • 

Barriga  Negha,  a  town  or  vill.  Uru- 
guay, S.  America.  In  its  dist.  are  large 
breeding  estates,  each  stocked  with  from 
60,000  to  200,000  head  of  cattle, 

Barrington,  p-t.,  Strafford  co.  N.  H. 
There  is  a  curious  cave  in  this  town, 


*^^^r 


bar] 


U>riVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


13 


called  the  Devil's  Den,  having  several 
chambers,  one  of  which  is  60  fb.  long  ;   15 

feet  high  &  8  ft.  wide.     P.  1,844. II. 

p-t.,   Bristol  CO.   R.  I.     P.   549. III. 

p-t.,  Yates  CO.  N.Y.    P.  1,868. 

Barrios  (Los),  a  town  of  Spain.  P. 
2,722. 

Barrois.  an  old  divis.  of  France,  in 
Lorraine. 

Barrow,  a  river  of  Ireland,  next  in 
importance  to  the  Shannon,  rises  in  the 
Slievebloom  mountains,  Leinster,  &  after 
a  course  of  about  90  m.,  joins  the  Suir  to 
form  the  estuary,  "Waterford  harbor. 

Barrow  (Island),  Pacific  ocean,  is  in 
lat.  20°  45^  S.;  Ion.  139°  3' W.  It  is 
small,  but  well  wooded,  &  affords  fresh 

water, (Rocks),  off  the   S.   coast  of 

Arabia,about  50m. N.E.Aden. (Cape), 

Russian  America,  is  a  headland  on  the 

Arctic  ocean,  lat.  71°  23'  N. (Strait), 

the  passage  from  Baffin  bay  westward 
into  Prince  Regent  inlet,  lat.  74°  N. 

Barrowford,  a  township  of  England, 
CO.  Lancaster.     P.  2,630. 

Barry,  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Mich- 
igan ;  it  is  drained  chiefly  by  Thorn  Ap- 
ple riv.  P.  5,072.  Cap.  Hastings.  Com- 
mon grain  produced. II.  co.  Missouri 

in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  state  ;  the  soil  is 
generally  good.  P.  3,467.  Indian  corn, 
wheat  &  cotton. 

Barry,  p-t.,  Schuylkill  co.  Penn.  P. 
639. 

Bahryton,  cap.  "Washington  co.  Ala. 

Barsac,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Gi- 
ronde,  on  the  Garonne.  P.  1,701.  Its 
vicinity  produces  the  fine  white  Bordeaux 
wine. 

Barsch,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  Pesth. 

Barsoe,  a  small  isl.  &  vili.  of  Den- 
mark, in  the  Little  Belt. 

Bar-sur- AuBE,  an  anc.  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aube.  P.  4,134.  This  little  town, 
the  environs  of  which  are  picturesque, 
was  the  scene  of  two  battles  betw.  Napo- 
leon &  the  allies  in  1814,  in  consequence 
of  which  it  was  nearly  destroyed. 

Bar-sur-Ornain,  a  town  of  France. 

Bar-sur-Seine,  a  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aube,  on  the  Seine.  P.'2,162.  This 
was  an  important  town  in  the  middle 
ages,  &  often  ruined  during  the  wars  of 
Burgundy.  It  was  the  scene  of  a  severe 
engagement  betw.  Napoleon  &  the  allies, 
25th  May,  1814. 

Bart,  p-t.,  Lancaster  co.  Penn.  P. 
1,859. 

Bartan,  a  t.  of  Asia- Minor,  Anatolia. 

Barten,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia.  P.  1,600. 

Bartenheim,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
H.  Rhin.     P.  1,865. 

4 


Bartekstein,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia, 

on  the  Alle.     P.  3,700. II.  a  vill.  of 

Wiirtemberg.  P.  1,100;  <fc  a  castle,  the 
residence  of  the  princes  of  Hohenlohe- 
Bartenstein. 

Bartfa,  a  town  of  N.  Hungary,  on  the 
Tepla.  P.  4,658.  Its  hot  baths  are  the 
best  frequented  in  Hungary. 

Barth,  a  seaport  town  of  Prus.  Pome- 
rania.     P.  4,643. 

Barthe-de-Neste  (La),  a  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Pyrenees. 

Barthblemy  (St.),   several  comma., 

towns,  &  vills.  of  France. 1,  a  comm. 

&  town,  dep.  Lot-et-Garonne.    P.  1,422. 

II.  a  comm.  &  vill.  dep.  Maine-et- 

Loire.     P.  1,074. 

Bartholomew  (St.),  an  isl.  in  the  "W. 
Indies,  &  the  only  colony  of  Sweden  in 
America.  P.  18.000.  Shape  very  irreg- 
ular; soil  fertile,  though  the  island  is 
remarkably  destitute  of  fresh  water. 
Being  surrounded  by  rocks  &  shoals,  it  is 
difiicult  of  access,  but  the  careenage  on 
its  W.  side  is  a  good  harbor.  The  chief 
town  was  almost  entirely  destroyed  by 
fire  in  1852. 

Bartholomew,  county,  la.,  a  little  S. 
the  centre  of  the  state.  P.  12,428.,  Cap. 
Columbus. 

Bartholomew,  town,  Jefferson  co. 
Ark.-   P.  148. 

Bartlett,  town,  Jefferson  co.  Pa.    P. 

259. n.  p-t.,  Coos  CO.  N.  H.    It  lies 

at  the  foot  of  the  White  mntns.,  on  the 
E.  side. 

Bartolome  (San),  a  town  of  NeW 
Granada.     P.  1,000. 

Bartolomeo  (San),  a  town  of  Naples. 

P.  5,400. II.  a  vill.  dist.  Salerno.    P. 

1,100. III.  two  isls.  in  the  S.  Pacific 

ocean,  one  in  the  archipelago  of  the  Car- 
olines, the  other  off  the  S.  coast  of 
Papua. 

Barton,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.  Vt.  It  is 
watered  by  Barton  riv.  &  its  branches. 

P.  892. II.  p-t.,  Tioga  co.  N.  Y.    P. 

1,224.  It  has  the  Susquehanna  riv.  on 
the  S.E.,  &  the  Chemung  riv.  on  the  S.W. 

Barton-upon-HumbeRj  a  town  of 
England,  co.  Lincoln. 

Bartsch,  a  riv.  of  Prussia,  in  the  S. 
of  the  prov.  of  Posen. 

Ba^iugh,  or  Bargh,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl., 
CO.  York,  W.  rid.     P.  1,266. 

Baruth,  a  town  of  Prussia.  P.  1,570. 
II.  a  vill.  of  Saxony. 

Bakwalde,  two  small  towns  of  Prussia. 

1;  prov.  Brandenburg.  P.  2,260. 

II.  prov.  Pomerania.    P.  970. 

Barwallah,  a  large  brick-built  town, 
dom.  Pattialah,  India. 


14: 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bas 


Bartsz,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia. 
P.  1,900. 

Bas,  or  £atz,  -  a  small  isl.  of  Erance, 

dep.  Munehe,  in  the  English  channel. 

II.  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Haute-Loire.  P. 
1,080; 

Bascons,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Lan- 
des.    P.  1,150. 

Basel,-  or  Bale,  one  of  the  cantons  of 
the  Swiss  confederation  since  1501,  on  the 
frontiers  of  France,  &  the  grand  duchy 
of  Baden.  Principal  rivs.,  the  Rhine  & 
its  tributaries,  the  Birz  &  Ergolz.  Corn 
enough  is  raised  for  home  consumption, 
&  some  wine  is  produced. 

Basel,  or  Basle,  a  city  in  the  N.  of 
Switzerland,  on  the  Rhme.  P.  24,000.  It 
is  well  built.  It  has  nums.  scientific  &  lit. 
estabs.,  &  a  cathedral  built  on  the  site  of 
the  anc.  Roman  fort  Basilia,  which  con- 
tains the  tomb  of  Erasmus.  Its  university 
was  founded  1460 ;  it  has  also  a  grammar- 
school,  botanic  garden,  &  museum,  &  its 
library  contains  5O,OO0  vols.,  with  many 
important  MSS.  It  is  the  most  commercl. 
city  of  the  Swiss  confederation.  Basel 
dates  from  the  4th  century.  In  the  11th 
century  it  was  the  most  powerful  city  of 
Helvetia ;  it  was  the  seat  of  a  great 
council  from  1431  to  1447,  &  of  a  memo- 
rable treaty  betw.  France  &  Prussia  in 
1795.  Near  it  the  French  were  defeated 
by  the  Swiss  at  the  celeb,  battle  of  St. 
Jacob,  1444.  It  is  the  birth-place  of  the 
two  Holbeins,  Bernouilli,  &  Euler,  &  was 
long  the  residence  of  Erasmus,  who  died 
here  in  1536. 

Baselice,  a  town  of  Naples.  P.  4,100. 

Bashee,  or  Bashi  Islands,  a  group 
of  isls.,  archip.  of  the  Philippines. 

Basht,  a  pitadel  &  vill.  of  Persia, 
prov.  Fars.  It  resembles  the  castles  of 
the  old  feudal  barons  in  Europe,  the 
chief's  fort  being  surrounded  by  the 
habitations  of  his  vassals. 

Basidoh,  a  decayed  vill.  of  the  isl. 
Kisham,  Persian  gulf.  Its  vicinity  is  quite 
barren,  &  is  tolerably  hot  in  summer. 
It  has  become  the  principal  station  for 
British  ships  in  the  gulf,  &  has  a  small 
bazaar,  a  hospital,  &  subscription  rooms 
supported  by  Indian  officers.  Near  it  are 
the  ruins  of  the  old  Portuguese  town  & 
fort  of  same  name.  There  is  good  an- 
chorage in  the  roads  ;  but  the  port  is  of 
difficult  entrance. 

Basiento,  a  riv.  of  Naples.     L.  50  m. 

Basilan,  one  of  the  Philippine  isls.,  off 
Mindanao,  &  separated  from  it  by  Basilan 
strait,  with  a  village  inhabited  by  pirates. 

Basile  (St.),  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Ard^ohe.    P.  1,138. 


Basilicata,  a  prov.  of  the  kingdom 
of  Naples.  P.  486,270.  It  is  mostly 
mountainous,  being  traversed  by  the 
Apennines,  &  is  not  very  fertile.  It  has 
a  fine  plain  on  the  shores  of  the  gulf, 
watered  by  several  small  streams.  Chf. 
towns,  Potenza,  Francavilla,  &  Tursi. 

Basiho  (San),  a  vill.  of  Sardinia.  P. 
1,172. 

Basiluzzo,  one  of  the  smaller  Lipari 
islands  in  the  Mediterranean. 

Basingstoke,  a  munic.  bor.  &  pa.  of 
England,  co.  Hants.  P.  4,066.  It  has  a 
church  built  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII., 
an  anc.  free  school,  with  an  income  of 
200Z.  a-year ;  a  blue  coat  school,  founded 
1646. 

Basinwerk,  a  vill.  of  N.  AVales,  co. 
Flint,  containing  ruins  of  ancient  abbey 
&  chapel  of  Knights  Templars,  erected 
by  Henry  II. 

Baskinmdge,  a  town  of  New  Jersey, 
15  m.  N.  New  Brunswick.  The  American 
general  Lee  was  made  prisoner  here  in 
1776. 

Baslow,  a  chapelry  of  England,  co. 
Derby.     P.  9,962. 

Bason  Harbor,  p-v.,  Addison  co.  Vt.,  is 
an  important  port  on  the  E.  side  of  Lake 
Champlain. 

Basouda,  a  town  of  Central  Inditf, 
dom.  Crwalior, 

Basque  Provinces,  a  country  of 
Spain.  The  three  Basque  provinces  a,re 
Biscay,  cap.  Bilbao ;  Guipuzcoa,  cap. 
Tolosa;  and  Alava,  cap.  Vitoria.  The 
Basques,  who  are  nearly  all  shepherds, 
have  always  been  celebrated  for  their 
bravery  and  vivacity.  They  speak  a 
language  which  has  no  analogy  with  any 
other  living  tongue,  &  which,  in  remote 
ages,  appears  to  have  been  used  over  all 
the  peninsula. 

Basqueville,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Seine.    P.  2,685. 

Bass,  a  large  insulated  greenstone 
rock  of  Scotland,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Firth  of  Forth.  It  is  about  a  mile  in 
circumference,  &  420  feet  elevation  ;  a 
cavernous  passage  penetrates  through 
the  rock  from  N.W.  to  S.E.  On  it  are 
the  ruins  of  a  castle,  &  about  7  acres  of 
fin &- pasture  land. 

Bass's  Strait  separates  Australia 
from  Tasmania.  First  explored  by  Bass, 
a  surgeon,  in  1798.  Av.  b.  150  m.,  &  much 
encumbered  with  rocks  &  coral  reefs. 

Bassain,  a  principal  seaport  town, 
Burmese  dom.     P.  3,000. 

Bassam  (Grand),  a  town  of  Africa, 
Upper  Guinea,  on  the  gold  coast,  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Assinie  river.    The 


bat] 


UKIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


15 


French  established  a  station  here  in 
1844. 

Bassano,  a  small  episcopal  city  of  N. 
Italy,  prov.  Venice,  dist.,  on  a  height  at 
the  foot  of  the  Alps,  near  the  Brenta,  in 
a  country  which  produces  excellent  wine 
&  fruits.    P.  12,000. 

Bassee  (La),  a  com.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Nord.     2,248. 

Bassein,  a  seaport  town,  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Bombay.  It  was  taken  possession 
of  by  the  Portuguese  in  1531,  captured 
by  the  Mahrattas  in  1750,  and  ceded  to 
the  British  in  1802. 

Bassersdohf,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland. 
P.  2,200. 

Basses  (Gkeat),  a  ledge  of  rocks  in 
the  bay  of  Bengal,  off  coast  of  Ceylon. 
Little  Basses  is  the  more  dangerous  of 
the  two  groups. 

Basse-Teere,   several    towns,    "West 

Indies.; 1,  a  seaport  and  cap.  of  the 

French  isl.  Guadeloupe,  on  its  S.W.  coast. 
It  is  the  residence  of  the  governor,  the 
seat  of  a  royal  court  and  courts  of  assize, 
and  has  several  schools  and  a  botanic 
garden.  There  is  no  harbor,  &  the  road- 
stead is  exposed.  The  comm.  of  Basse- 
Terre  has  a  p.  of  12,414,  of  whom  7,536 
are  slaves,  but  the  town  has  only  5,500 

inhabitants. II.  a  seaport  &  the  cap. 

■  of  St.  Christopher,'  one  of  the  British 
Antilles,  on  its  W.  coast.     P.  6,500. 

Bassignana,  a  town  of  Piedmont, 
prov.  AUesandria.     P.  2,800. 

Bassobah^  a  frontier  city  &  riv.  port 
of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pash.  Bagdad,  on  the 
Shat-el-Arab.  P.  60,000.  Ships  of  400 
tons  burden  can  come  up  to  the  city,  the 
trade  of  which  is  mostly  carried  on  in 
Arabian  bottoms. 

BasscM',  a  town  of  Hanover.    P.  1,609. 

Bastad,  a  town  of  Sweden,  with  a 
small  port  in  the  gulf  of  Laholm,  in  the 
Kattegat.    P.  600. 

Bastan,  vail.,  Spain,  prov.  Pamplona. 

BAstelica,  avill.  of  Corsica.  P.  2,528. 
.  Bastia,  a  seaport  town,  &  formerly 
the  cap.  of  Corsica,  on  its  N.E.  coast.  P. 
(1846)  12,571.  It  has  a  citadel,  &  a  port 
for  small  vessels.  It  is  the  seat  of  the 
royal  court  for  the  isl.,  &  a  tribunal  of 
commerce;  &  has  a  comm.  college. 

Bastide  (La),  several  small  towns  of 
France. 

Bastion,  a  vill.  of  Algeria,  near  Con- 
stantine  ;  near  it  is  the  bastion,  built  by 
the  French  African  Company  in  1520. 

Bastogne,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Luxembourg.     P.  2,265. 

Bastrop,  co.,  Texas.  Cap.  Bastrop. 
P.  3,099. 


Bastrop,  a  town  of  Texas,  on  the  Col- 
orado riv. 
Batabano,  a  seaport  vill.  of  Cuba,  on 

its  S.  coast. 

Batalha,  a  town  of  Portugal,  Estre- 
madura,  with  1,550  inhabs.,  &  a  hand- 
some convent,  founded  by  John  I.,  to 
commemorate  the  victory  of  Bljubarrota 
in  1385. 

Batalin,  an  isl.  of  the  Malay  archi- 
off  the  E.  coast  of  Celebes. 

Batang,  a  vill.  &  seaport  on  E.  side 

of  the  isl.  Gilolo,  Malay  archipelago. 

II.  an  isl.  off  the  Malay  peninsula,  near 
Singapore. 

Batangas,  a  seaport  town,  Philip- 
pines, on  the  S.  side  of  the  isl.  of  Luzon. 

Batavia,  a  city  and  seaport  of  Java, 
cap.  of  the  Dutch  possessions  in  the  E., 
at  the  mth.  of  the  Jaccatra  riv.,  on  the 
N.  coast  of  the  isl.,  with  a  free  port,  ex- 
tensive and  safe.  P.  118,300;  of  whom 
2,800  were  Europeans  ;  25,000  Chinese ; 
80,000  aborigines  ;  1,000  Moors  &  Arabs ; 
9,500  slaves.  It  is  built  on  marshy 
ground,  &  intersected  by  canals  in  the 
Dutch  style.  Batavia  was  long  very  un- 
healthy, but  has  been  much  improved  by 
draining.  The  Jaccatra  is  navigable  by 
vessels  of  40  tons,  2  m.  inland ;  ships  of 
from  300  to  400  tons  anchor  in  the  bay, 
IJ  m.  from  shore.  Batavia  is  the  great 
commercial  emporium  of  the  Asiatic 
archipelago,  and  absorbs  by  far  the 
greatest  proportion  of  the  trade  of  Java 
&  Madura.  In  1841,  1,905  ships,  aggre- 
gate burden  124,228  lasts,  entered  the 
port — of  which  1,454,  aggregate  burden 
97,142  lasts,  were  Dutch,  and  the  rest 
chiefly  Asiatic,  English,  American,  & 
Portuguese.  Batavia  has  a  bank,  with 
branches  at  Samarang  &  Surabaya ;  & 
manufs.  of  leather  &  earthenware,  mostly 
conducted  by  Chinese  residents.  It  was 
founded  by  the  Dutch  in  1619 ;  taken 
by  the  English  in  1811,  and  occupied  by 

them  till  1816. II.  t.,  &  p-v.,  capital 

of  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  The  Tonawanda 
cr.  flows  through  the  t.  P.  4,461.  The 
p-v.  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  county 
clerk's  ofBce,  state  arsenal,  &  general 
land  office  of  the  Holland  Land  Com- 
pany. 

Bate  Island,  an  isl.  W.  Hindostan, 
in  the  gulf  of  Cutch.  It  has  a  good  har- 
bor, &  a  famous  Hindoo  temple. 

Bates,  a  co.  of  Missouri.     P.  3,669. 

Bath,  England,  capital  co.  Somerset, 
on  the  Avon,  here  crossed  by  2  stone,  2 
iron,  &  3  suspension  bridges.  P.  52,346, 
but  this  number  is  said  to  be  frequently 
augmented  by  14,000  visitors.    Bath  was 


V6 


CTCLOPiEDIA    OP    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bat 


known  to  the  Romans  under  the  name 
of  Aquae  Solis;  &  baths  were  erected 
in  the  reign  of  Claudius.  The  city  stands 
enclosed  by  an  amphitheatre  of  hills,  on 
the  W.  declivity  of  which  its  finest  quar- 
ters extend  in  successive  terraces;  & 
being  mostly  built  of  white  freestone,  in 
a  highly  embellished  style  of  architec- 
ture, is  allowed  to  be  the  handsomest 
city  in  Britain.  Principal  edifice,  the 
Abbey  church,  in  the  latest  Gothic  style, 
210  feet  in  length,  &  with  a  tower  170  ft. 
in  height.  Bath  has  many  educational 
&  other  establishments.  The  hot  springs, 
to  which  this  city  owes  its  origin,  are 
saline  &  chalybeate,  temp.  90°  to  117° 
Pahr. ;  they  rise  immediately  on  the 
bank  of  the  riv.,  &  supply  five  distinct 
establishments,  the  King's,  Queen's, 
Cross,  Hot,  &  Abbey  baths.  The  first 
four  belong  to  the  corporation.  To  the 
King's  bath  is  attached  the  great  pump- 
room,  a  saioon  85  ft.  in  length,  48  in 
b'dth,  &  34  in  height,  &  containing  a  mar- 
ble statue  of  the  celebrated  "Beau  Nash." 
Bath,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.  Nt  H.,  is  on 
the   E.   bank   of   Connecticut   river.     P. 

1,595. II.   p-t.,    &   cap.   Steuben   co. 

N.  Y.,  watered  by  Conhopton  riv.  The 
village  has  a  court  house,  jail,  county 
clerk's   ofiSce,  &   1  bank.      P.  4,915. 

III.  p-t.,  Summit  co.  0.     P.  1,425. 

IV.  a  central  co.  of  Va.  It  is  watered  by 
the  head  branches  of  James,  Cowpasture, 
&  Jackson  rivers  ;  the  soil  is  moderately 
fertile.      P.     3,426.      Cap.   Bath.      The 

common  grains  &  some  sugar. V.  c.h. 

p-v.,  Bath  co^  Va.  Here  is  a  medicinal 
spring  called  Warm  Spring,  with  a  tem- 
perature of  96°,  &  another  about  6  m. 
S.W.  called  Hot  Spring,  with  a  temper- 
ature of  112°,  and  at  some  seasons  suf- 
ficiently hot  to  boil  an  egg ;  they  are 
useful  in  rheumatic  &  other  complaints. 

VI.  county,    N.E.  part   of  Ky.,   on 

Licking  river.     P.  12,115.     Cap.  Owens- 

ville. VII.  t.,  Allen  co.  0.     P.  1,382. 

VIII.  t.,  Greene  co.  0.,  on  Mad  riv. 

P.  1,721. IX.  v.,  Richmond   co.    Ga. 

This  is  a  resort  in  the  sickly  season. 

X.  seaport,  Lincoln  co.  Me.,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  Kennebec,  12  m.  from  the  ocean. 
An  important  commercial  t.  Ship  build- 
ing   an    extensive    busine.=!S.      Tonnage 

10,379,591.     P.  8,020. XI.  a  town  of 

Hungary,  N.  of  the  Danube,  co.  Honth. 
P.  2,358. 

Bathgate,  a  burgh  of  barony,  town,  & 
pa.  Scotland,  co.  Linlithgow.  P. of  t.  2,809. 

Bathuhst,  a  seaport  town  of  "W.  Africa, 
cap.  of  the  British  colony,  Senegambia, 
on  Isl.  of  St.  Mary's,  at  the  mouth  of  the 


Gambia.    P.  2,825. II.  a  town  of  g. 

Africa,  Cape   Colony,  dist.   Albany. ■ 

III.  a  tnship.  of  New  S.  Wales,  cap.  co., 

on  the  Macquarrie. IV.  a  town  &  bay 

of  New  Brunswick. V.  (Cape),  Brtsh. 

N.  America,  on  the  Arctic  ocean. VI. 

{B.  Inlet),  British  N.  America. VII. 

(S.  Island),  off  N.  Australia,  immedi- 
ately "VV.  Melville  isl. {Lake),    near 

the  centre  of  Newfoundland,  is  40  m.  in  1. 

Batignolles-Monceaux,  a  town  of 
France,  dep.  Seine.     P.  19,380. 

Batindah,  a  town  N.W.  India,  Raj- 
pootana. 

Batley,  t.  &  pa.  of  England,  co.  York. 

Baton  Rouge,  E.  pa.  La.  on  the  E. 
bank  of  Mississippi  riv.  It  is  the  first 
land  elevated  above  the  overflow  in  as- 
cending the  Mississippi ;  it  is  very  pro- 
ductive of  cotton  &  sugar,  has  1  college 
with  70  students,  5  academies,  196  stu- 
dents, &  a  weekly  newspaper.     P.  11,977. 

Cap.  Baton  Rouge.— II.  p-v.,  cap.  E. 

Baton  Rouge,  pa.  La.,  on  the  E.  bank  of 
the  Mississippi,  120  m.  above  N.  Orleans. 
It  is  mostly  situated  on  a  plain,  some  25 
to  80  ft.  above  high  water.  The  town 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  Shanks,  state 
penitentiary,  &  U.  S.  land  ofiBice.  P.  3,905. 

III.    W.   pa.   La.,  lies   opposite   E. 

Baton  Rouge,  on  the  W.  side  Mississippi 
riv.  The  land  on  the  streams  is  very 
productive  ;  cotton  is  principally  culti- 
vated.    P.  6,270. 

Batrun,  a  small  town  &  port  of  Asiatic 
Turkey. 

Batshian,  an  isl.  of  the  Dutch  E.  In- 
dies, Molucca  archip.  in  the  Ternate 
group. 

Batstad,  a  small  seaport  town  of  Swe- 
den, on  Laholm  bay. 

Battaglia  a  town  of  North.  Italy, 
Venice,  deleg.  P.  2,700.  With  thermal 
springs  (temp.  158  Fahr.)  &  well  frequen- 
ted baths. II.  a   vill.  of   Naples.     P. 

1,218. 

Battalah,  a  town  of  the  Punjab. 

Batte-Katchee,  riv.  in  Ala.,  a  branch 
of  the  Tombigbee,  70  m.  long. 

Battam,  an  isl.  of  the  Malay  archi- 
pelago. 

Battanta,  an  isl.  of  the  Asiatic  archi- 
pelago.    Area,  200  sq.  m. 

Battaszek,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co. 
Tolna.     P  5,370. 

Battecollah,  "  the  round  town,"  Hin- 
dostan,  prov.  Canara. 

Battenheim,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
H.  Rhin.     P.  1,092. 

Batten-Kill,  a  small  riv.  rising  in 
Vt.  &  emptying  into  the  Hudson.  L. 
50  m. 


BAV] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


11 


Batticaloa,  a  town  &  seaport  on  the 
E.  coast  of  Ceylon. 

Battice,  a  town  of  Belgium.  P.  4,280. 

Battle,  a  town  &  pa.  of  England,  co. 
Sussex.  The  town,  enclosed  on  three  sides 
by  wooded  hills,  consists  mostly  of  a  single 
street,  |  m.  in  length,  terminated  by  the 
fine  gateway  of  its  old  abbey.  In  its 
church  are  numerous  antique  monuments 
<S  devices.  It  derives  its  present  name 
from  the  great  battle  (usually  called  the 
battle  of  Hastings),  fought  on  the  heath 
betw.  it  &  Epiton,  Oct.  14,  1066,  by  which 
the  Saxon  dynasty  in  England  was  finally 
overthrown  by  the  Normans,  under  Wil- 
liam the  Conqueror.  Battle  Abbey, 
founded  by  William  on  the  locality  where 
Harold's  banner  had  been  planted,  was  of 
great  extent,  as  is  attested  by  its  remains. 
On  a  part  of  its  site  stands  the  mansion 
of  the  Websters,  lords  of  the  manor. 

Battleboro',  p-v.,  Edgecombe  co.  N.C. 

Battle  Bridge,  a  suburb  of  London. 

Battle  Field,  a  pa.  of  England,  co. 
Salop.  It  derived  its  name  from  the  great 
victory  gained  here  in  1403  by  the  troops 
of  Henry  IV.  &  the  Prince  of  Wales  over 
those  of  the  Earl  of  Northumberland, 
whose  son.  Hotspur,  was  killed  in  the 
battle,  &  his  ally,  the  Earl  of  Douglas, 
taken  prisoner. 

Battle- Creek,    p-v.,    Calhoun    co. 

Mich.     P.   993. II.   branch   of  Kal- 

mazoo  riv. 

Batu,  a  volcanic  isl.   of  the   Malay 

archipelago.      Area,    400   sq.  m. II. 

(-B.  Saru),  a  town  on  the  E.  coast  Su- 
matra ^ 

Batum,  a  town  &  seaport  of  Russia, 
on  the  Black  sea.  Its  harbor- is  toler- 
ably good. 

Baturin,  a  town  of  Little  Russia.  P. 
9,000.  It  was  the  residence  of  the  Het- 
man  of  the  Ukraine  Cossacks,  from  1699 
to  1708. 

Baturska-wola,  a  large  vill.  of  Austr. 
Poland.     P.  2,300. 

Batz,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Loire-Inf. 
P.  1,286. 

Bauco,  a  town  of  Italy,  Pontif  states. 
P.  3,000. 

Baud,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Morbihan. 
P.  1,082. 

Baudmannsdorf,  a  vill.  of  Prussia. 

Bauerwitz,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Silesia. 
P.  2,300. 

Baug,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  Holkar's 
dom.     Near  it  remarkable  cave-temples. 

Bauge,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Maine- 
et-Loire.  P.  3,107.  The  English,  under 
the  D.  of  Clarence,  were  defeated  here 
in  1421. 


Baughman,  town,  Wayne  co.  0. ; 
drained  by  Newman's  cr.     P.  1,741. 

Baule,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Loiret. 
P.  2,095. 

Bauleah,  a  populous  commerc.  town 
of  British  India,  presid.  Bengal. 

Baulon,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Ille- 
et-Vilaine.     P.  1,416. 

Bauma,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland.  P.  1,550. 

Baume  (St.),  a  mntn.  in  the  S.E.  of 
France,  dep.  Var.     Height  2,850  ft. 

Baumes-les-Dames,  a  town  of 
France,  dep.  Doubs.  P.  2,211,  with  rich 
quarries  of  gypsum. 

Baumgarten,  a  vill.  of  Pruss.  Silesia. 

P.  1,250. II.  a  vill.  of  Austria,  near 

Vienna,  with  a  castle  of  the  Prince  Es- 
terhazy — &  many  other  vills.  in  Germ'y. 

Baumholder,  a  town  of  Rhen.  Prussia. 
P.  1,370. 

Baunach,  a  town  of  Bavaria.  P.  1,000. 
In  its  vicinity  is  the  grotto  of  the  Mag- 
dalene, freq.  as  a  place  of  pilgrimage. 

Baune,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Maine- 
et-Loire.     P.  1,197. 

Baunei,  a  vill.  of  Sardinia.    P.  1,460. 

Bauntwah,  a  town  of  British  India, 
Grujerat  peninsula. 

Baupettah,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras. 

Bauskea,  a  small  town  of  Russia. 

Baussaine  (La),  a  vill.  of  France, 
depr  Ille-et-Vilaine.     P.  1,223. 

Bautsch,  a  town  of  Moravia.  P.  2,669. 

Bautzen,  a  town  of  Saxony.  P.  8,676. 
It  has  a  cathed.  common  to  Rom.  Catho- 
lics &  Protestants,  a  gymnasium,  2  pub- 
lic libraries,  &  manufs.  of  woollen,  linen, 
leather.  &  paper,  &  an  active  general 
trade.  The  battle  of  Bautzen,  gained  by 
Napoleon  over  the  allies,  was  fought  May 
21  &  22,  1813. 

Bauvechain-Tourrines,  a  comm.  & 
vill.  of  Belgium,  prov.  Brabant.  P.  1,852. 

Baux-de-Breteuil,  a  comm.  &  viU. 
of  France,  dep.  Eure.     P.  1,621. 

Bauzac,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  H. 
Loire.    P.  2,597. 

Bauzille-de-Putois  (St.),  a  town*f 
France,  dep.  Herault.  P.  1,622 ;  with  a 
curious  grotto. 

Bavaria  (Kingdom  of),  a  state  of 
central  Europe,  forming  part  of  the  Ger- 
man confederation,  cap.  Munich.  This 
kingdom  is  composed  of  two  "isolated 
masses  of  territory,  the  E.-ward  &  larg- 
est of  which  is  bounded  N.  by  Hessen- 
Cassel,  Saxe-Meningen,  &  Coburg  Gotha, 
the  princip.  of  Reuss,  &  the  kngdm.  of 
Saxony  ;  E.  by  Bohemia  &  Austria  ;  S. 
by  the  Tyrol;  &  W.  by  Wiirtemberg, 
Baden,  &  Hessen  Darmstadt.    The  W.- 


• 


78 


CrCLOP^DIA   OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bat 


ernmost,  forming  Rhenisli  Bavaria,  or  the 
Palatinate,  the  original  possession  of  the 
reigning  family,  is  situated  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  Rhine.  Area.  29,637  sq.  m. 
P.  4,504,874.  The  E.  part  of  the  terr. 
lies  betw.  the  Alps  &  the  mntns.  of 
Central  Germany.  All  the  N.  part  of 
the  princip.  terr.  is  drained  by  the  Main. 
Rhenish  Bavaria  belongs  exclusively  to 
the  basin  of  the  Rhine ;  it  is  watered  by 
the  Lauter,  the  Queich,  &  the  Nahe.  A 
small  portion  of  the  lake  of  Constance 
belongs  to  Bavaria;  its  other  principal 
lakes  are  the  Ammer-See,  the  Wiirm-See, 
&  the  Chiem-See,  formed  by  the  riv.  Alz. 
The  country  is  in  general  elevated  & 
mntns. ;  the  Alps,  on  the  S.,  have,  in  the 
Zugspitz,  an  elev.  of  10,150  ft.  The 
highest  points  of  the  Bohmerwald,  are 
Arber,  4,613  ft.,  &  Rachelberg,  4,561  ft. 
The  N.-most  chain  of  Bavaria  is  the 
Rhongebirge,  culm,  point  the  Kreuzberg, 
3,000  ft.  in  elev.  In  Rhenish  Bavaria 
the  chief  mntn.  is  the  Hardt,  the  culmin. 
point  of  which,  the  Donne  rsberg,  is  2,300 
ft.  in  elevation.  The  soil  is  one  of  the 
most  fertile  in  central  Europe  ;  the 
mntns.  yield  excellent  pasturage,  &  are 
covered  with  vast  forests  of  valuable 
timber.  Grain  is  cultiv.  to  an  elev.  of 
3,280  ft.;  forests  reach  to  5,300  ft. ;  & 
grazing  extends  to  8,500  ft.,  or  the  line 
of  perpetual  snow,  which  occurs  only  on 
the  higher  Alps.  The  wealth  of  the 
country  consists  almost  entirely  in  its 
agricultural  produce.  Salt,  coal,  &  iron, 
are  the  principal  products.*  Manufg.  in- 
dustry is  but  little  developed  in  this 
country.  Its  principal  branch  is  the 
brewing  of  beer,  which  is  much  esteemed, 

6  carried  on  to  a  vast  extent,  there  being 
upwards  of  5,600  breweries  in  the  kngdm. 
Linen  weaving  is  carried  on.  to  a  consid. 
extent.  Bavaria  is  a  kingdom,  &  its 
form  of  government  is  a  constitutional 
monarchy.  The  throne  is  hereditary  in 
the  male  line.   '  The  executive  power  be- 

-loi^s  to  the  king  ;  the  ministers  &  all 
functionaries  are  responsible.  The  legis- 
lative functions  are  exercised  concur- 
rently by  the  king  &  the  two  chambers 
of  the  national  states,  but  the  royal  pre- 
rogative is  very  extensive.  The  kngdm. 
possesses  3  universities,  2  of  which  (Mun- 
chen  &  Wiirzburg)  are  Catholic,  &  1 
(Erlangen)  Protestant.  In  1847  the  univ. 
of  Miinchen  had  76  professors,  &  1,471 
students,  of  whom  125  were  foreigners  ; 
in  1846-7,  AViirzburg  had  521  students, 
72  of  whom  were  foreigners ;  &  Erlangen 
had,  at  same  date,  364  students,  of  whom 

7  were  foreigners.    The  regular  army  of 


Bavaria  consists  during  peace  of  20,500, 
&  in  time  of  war  of  56,269  men.  The 
country  is  divided  into  eight  districts 
styled  circles,  viz.  TJpp.  Bavaria ;  Lower 
Bavaria ;  Upper  Palatinate  &  Ratisbon ; 
Upper  Franconia ;  Central  Franconia ; 
Lower  Franconia  &  Aschaffenburg ; 
Swabia  &  Neuburg  ;  &  the  Palatinate. 

Bavay,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Nord. 
P.  1,635. 

Baveno,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  on  the 
W,  bank  of  the  Lago  Maggiore.  P.  1,000. 
Near  it  are  celeb,  quarries  of  granite, 
employed  in  the  cathedral  of  Milan. 

Bawtry,  a  town  of  England,  co.  York, 
on  the  Idle.  P.  1,083.  Near  it  an  hos- 
pital for  the  poor,  founded  in  the  14th 
century ;  &  a  mile  dist.  a  farm-house, 
which  originally  formed  part  of  the  palace 
of  the  archbishops  of  York,  &  was  once 
occupied  by  Cardinal  Wolsey. 

Bayamo  (San  Salvador  de),  a  town 
of  Cuba.  P.  14,000.  78  m.  N.W.  San- 
tiago. 

Bayas  (ane.  Baies),  a  town  of  Syria, 
pash.  Aleppo. 

Bayazid,  a  town  of  Turkish  Armenia. 
P.  15,000.  It  surrounds  a  hill  crowned 
by  a  citadel,  &  has  a  mosque,  a  palace,  a 
monastery,  &  arsenal. 

Bayender,  a  town  of  Asia- Minor,  pash. 
Anatolia.     P.  2,000. 

Bayeux,  a  city  of  France,  dep.  Calva- 
dos, on  the  Aure.  P.  9,106.  It  has  a 
venerable  cathedral,  in  which  is  preserv- 
ed the  celeb,  tapestry  of  Bayeux,  said  to 
be  the  work  of  Matilda,  wife  of  William 
the  Conqueror,  &  representing  his  ex- 
ploits in  the  conquest  of  Engl. 

Baylen,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Jaen. 
P.  4,976.  The  capitulation  of  Baylen, 
the  commencement  of  the  French  disas- 
ters in  the  Peninsula,  was  signed  June 
20,  1808. 

BAYLiduE,  an  isl.  off  the  coast  of 
Brazil. 

Bay  of  Islands,  New  Zealand. 

Bayona,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  on 
Bayonabay.     P.  1,719. 

Bayonne,  a  city  of  France,  dep.  B. 
Pyrenees.  P.  13,850.  It  is  well  built  & 
agreeably  situated,  with  handsome  quays 
&  promenades.  Its  cathedral  is  small, 
&  of  the  12th  century,  &  its  citadel  is  one 
of  the  finest  works  of  Vauban.  It  has  a 
mint,  theatre,  schools  of  commerce  &  nav- 
igation, naval  &  commercial  docks,  tri- 
bunal &  chamber  of  commerce.  It  im- 
ports fine  wool,  liquorice,  &  olive  oil.  In 
1841,  230  vessels,  aggregrate  burden 
9,026  tons,  besides  coasters,  entered  the 
port.    It  sends  annually  several  vessels 


bea] 


UNIVEESAL    GAZETTEER. 


79 


to  the  whale  fishery.  The  military  weapon, 
the  bayonet,  takes  its  name  from  this 
place,  near  which  it  was  invented.  This 
city,  though  often  besieged,  has  never 
been  taken. 

Baypooh,  a  seaport  town  of  British 
India,  presid.-  Madras.  Teak  ships  of 
400  tons  are  built  here. 

Baza,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Granada. 
P.  11,485.  It  is  ornamented  with  9  iron 
cannons,  by  the  aid  of  which  it  was  taken 
from  the  Moors  in  1480. 

Bazar-khan,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor, 
pash.  Anatolia. 

Bazaruto  Islands,  a  small  group  E. 
coast  of  Africa,  110  m.  S.  Sofala. 

Bazas,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Gironde. 
P.  2,325. 

Bazeilles,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Ar- 
dennes.    P.  1,631. 

Bazele,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  on  the 
Scheldt.     P.  4,407. 

Bazetta,  p-t,,  Trumbull  co.  0.  It  is 
a  fine  farming  t.,  well  cultivated. 

Bazin,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  Pres- 
burg,  with  mineral  springs  &  celeb, 
baths. 

Bazoche,  Bazoches,&  Bazouge,  sev- 
eral communes  &  vills.  of  France,  the 
principal  being  Bazouges  la  Perouse, 
dep.  Ille-et-Vilaine.    P.  3,928. 

Bazzano,  a  town  of  Italy.    P.  2,610. 

Beachy  Head,  the  most  lofty  headland 
on  the  S.  coast  of  England,  proj.  into  the 
English  channel.  It  consists  of  chalk 
cliffs,  rising  perpendicularly  to  564  feet 
above  the  sea. 

Beaconsfield,  a  town  &  pa.  of  Engl., 
CO.  Bucks.  The  town  is  situated  on  an 
eminence,  on  which  beacon-fires  were  for- 
merly lighted ;  has  4  streets  &  a  church, 
in  which  lie  the  remains  of  Edmund 
Bnike.  In  its  churchyard  is  a  monument 
to  the  poet  Waller,  who  owned  the  manor. 

Beahrahm,  a  ruined  town  of  Asia- Mi- 
nor, Anatolia,  onthe  N.  shore  of  its  gulf, 
with  an  acropolis,  surroimded  by  a  Greek 
wall,  covered  with  remains  of  antiquity. 

Beal,  a  small  river  of  Engl.,  co.  Kent. 

Beaminsteb,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  Dor- 
set, on  the  Birt.  P.  3,270.  A  handsome 
town  with  a  large  church,  a  free  school. 

Beamish,  a  tnship.  of  Engl.,  co.  Dur- 
ham.   P.  2,074. 

Beara,  a  considerable  town  of  British 
India. 

Bear  (or  Bere  Island),  a  rocky  isl. 
of  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland,  co.  Cork,  in 

Bantry  bay. II.  isls.  off  the  coast  of 

the  U.S.  &  two  isls.  in  James'  bay,  Brit. 
America. 

Bear  Creek,  t.,  Columbia  co.  Pa.    P. 


1,905. II.  cr.,  one  of  the  branches  of 

the  Tenn.  70  m.  long. 

Beardstown,  p-v.,  Cass  co.  111.,  on  the 
E.  side  of  Illinois  riv. 

Beahfield,  t..  Perry  co.  0. 

Bear  Lake  (Great),  a  lake  of  British 
Amer.  Shape  very  irreg. ;  area  maybe 
estim.  at  14,000  sq.  m. ;  height  above  the 

sea  at  230  ft.,  &  depth  at  400  ft.  (7) 

Bear  River  (Great),  Upp.  Canada,  West- 
ern dist. 

Bearn,  an  old  prov.  of  France,  of 
which  the  cap.  was  Pau. 

Bear's  cr.,  54  m.  long,  in  a  direct  line, 
enters  the  Maumee  IJ  m.  above  the  Au- 
glaize.  II.  branch  of  Tenn.  r. III. 

t..  Col.  CO.  Pa. 

Bbas,  one  of  the  great  rivs.  of  the 
Punjab,  W.  India,  rises  on  the  S.  verge 
of  the  Ritanka  Pass,  Himalaya  mntns., 
13,200  ft.  above  the  sea  level.    L.  220  m. 

Beas'de  Segura,  a  town  of  Spain,  the 
Guadalimar.     P.  2,695. 

Beat  (St.),  a  town  of  France,  dep.  H. 
Garonne,  on  the  Garonne,  here  crossed 
by  a  stone  bridge.  P.  1,374.  Town  dark 
&  gloomy  from  its  position  in  a  ravine  of 
the  Pyrenees. 

Beath,  a  pa.  &  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
Fife,  5i  m.  N.N.W.  Aberdeen.     P.  973. 

Beaucaiee,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Gard,  on  the  Rhone,  opposite  Tarascon, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  noble 
suspension  bridge.  P.  8,536.  Its  annual 
fair,  July  the  22d  to  28thj  was  formerly 
the  largest  in  Europe. 

Beaucamps-le-Vieux,  a  village  of 
France,  dep.  Somme.     P.  1,802. 

Beauce,  a  dist.  of  France,  part  of 
the  anc.  Orleanais. 

BEAtjcHiEF  Abbey,  chapelry  of  Engl., 
CO.  Derby.  The  tower  of  its  chapel  formed 
part  of  the  abbey  built  here,  according 
to  Dugdale,  by  Fitz-Ranulph,  lord  of 
Alfreton,  in  expiation  of  the  murder  of 
Thomas  a  Becket. 

Beattcourt,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Haut-Rhin.     P.  1,987. 

Beaufay,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Sarthe. 
P.''2,226. 

Beattfort,  an  extensive  inland  dis- 
rict  of  the  Cape  Colony,  S.  Africa.  Area, 
20,000  sq.  m.  P.  5,904.  Beaufort  its 
cap.  town. II.  a  dist.  of  W.  Australia. 

Beaufort,  a  town  of  Savoy,  on  the 

Doron.   P.  3,052. II.  a  town  of  France, 

dep.  Maine-et-Loire.     P.  3,062. III. 

a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Jura.     P.  1,210. 

Beattfort,  county,  N.  C,  in  the  E.  part 
of  the  state,  on  Pimlico  river  &  sound ; 
the  surface  is  low  &  at  times  extensively 
overflowed.     P.  13,816.    Cap.  Washing- 


80 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[SEO 


ton.  '  Cotton  &  rice  are  the  chief  produc- 
tions.  II.    district,  S.  C,   in   the    S. 

extremity  of  the  state,  between  the  Com- 
bahee  &  Savannah  rivs.  The  surface  is 
level;  chief  productions,  corn,  rice,  & 
cotton.  P.  38,805.  Cap.  Coosawhatchie. 
— ■ — III.  p-t.  of  entry  &  cap.  Carteret  eo. 
N.  C.  It  has  a  safe  &  spacious  harbor 
with  14  feet  water  &  has  considerable 
commerce.  On  Bogue  point  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  harbor,  stands  fort  Macon. 

P.  1,100. IV.  p-t.  &  port  of  entry,  S.  C. 

on  the  W.  bank  of  Port-Royal  river.  The 
harbor  is  spacious,  16  m.  from  the  sea, 
but  of  shallow  entrance.    P.  878. 

Beaugency,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Loiret,  on  the  Loire.  It  has  manufs.  of 
woollens,  &  an  extensive  trade  in  wines. 
P.  4,028.  Part  of  the  town  walls,  &  the 
donjon  tower  of  the  castle,  still  exist,  & 
near  it  is  an  enormous  Celtic  monolith. 

Beaujeu,  a  town  of  France.    P.  2,469. 

Beaujolais,  a  dist.  of  France,  part  of 
anc.  Lyonnais.  In  1626  it  passed  to  the 
Orleans  family,  who  held  it  till  the  rev- 
olution. 

Beaulieu,  a  riv.  of  England,  co.  Hants. 

II.  a  pa.  on  this  river,  at  its  mouth, 

6  m.  N.E.  Lymington.  P.  1,339.  Beau- 
lieu,  which  owes  its  name  to  the  beauty 
of  its  position,  has  the  remains  of  an 
abbey,  founded  by  K.  John.  In  this 
sanctuary  Margaret  of  Anjou,  &  after- 
wards Perkin  Warbeck,  took  refuge,  & 
within  its  manorial  bounds  exemption 
from  arrest  for  debt  is  still  enjoyed. 

Beaulieu,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Cor- 

rSze.      P.   2,151. II.   dep.    Indre-et- 

Loire.      P.    1,887. Beaulieu    is    the 

name  of  many  comms.  and  vills.  of 
France. 

Beauly,  a  riv.  of  Scotland,  co.  In- 
verness. The  villages  Beauly  &  Kilmo- 
rack  are  on  its  banks,  &  here  is  a  pictu- 
resque waterfall. 

Beaumarches,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Gers.    P.  1,367. 

Beaumarib,  a  pari.  &  munic.  bor.,  sea- 
port, mkt.  town,  &  pa.  of  N.  Wales,  cap. 
isl.  &  CO.  Anglesea.  The  town  is  neatly 
built.  The  bay  of  Beaumaris  affords  safe 
anchorage,  but  the  town  has  little  trade, 
k  its  inhabs.  live  chiefly  by  sea-bathing 
visitors  from  Liverpool,  with  which  it 
communicates  by  steamboats. 

Beaumont,   a  town    of  France,  dep. 

Puy-de-Dume.      P.    1,820. II.    {de 

Lomagne),  dep.  Tarn-et-Garonne,  on  the 
Gimone.  P.  3,217.  It  is  regularly  & 
very  neatly  built  round  a  spacious  square, 

has  manufs.  of  coaree  cloth,  hats. III. 

(  Le  Vicomte),  a  vill.  on  the  Sarthe.    P. 


1,893. IV.  {Sur  Oise),  dep.  Seine-et- 

Oise,  Isle-Adam.     P.  2,030. 

Beaumont,  atown of Belg'm.   P. 2,091. 

Beaune,  an  anc.  town  of  France,  at 
the  foot  of  the  Cute-d'Or.  P.  10,753.  It 
has  a  noble  hospital  founded  1443,  a 
library  of  10,000  vols.,  &  extensive  trade 
in  the  wines  of  Burgundy. 

Beaupre,  a  group  of  islands.  Pacific 
ocean.  Discovered  by  D'Entrecasteaux  in 
1793. 

Beaupreau,  a  town  of  "France,  dep. 
Main-et-Loire.    P.  2,117. 

Beauhuesne,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Somme.     P.  2,671. 

Beaurepaire,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Isere.     P.  2,030. 

Beausset  (Le),  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Var.     P.  2,050. 

Beauvais,  a  city  of  France,  cap.,  dep. 
Oise.  P.  12,355.  It  has  clean  open 
streets,  &  pleasant  boulevards ;  its  cathe- 
dral is  one  of  the  largest  in  France,  but 
incomplete.  It  was  formerly  fortified,  & 
was  besieged  in  vain  by  the  English  in. 
1443,  &  defended  against  Charles  the 
Bold  ■  by  the  female  inhabitants  under 
Jeanne  Fouqiiet,  surnamed  J.  Hachette, 
in  1472. 

Beauval,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Somme.     P.  2,562. 

Beauville,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Lot-et-Garonne.     P.  1,578. 

Beauvoir-sur-Mer,  a  town  of  France, 
dep.  Vendee. 

Beaver,  Big,  a  river  of  Penn.     L.  80 

m. II.  county,  Penn.,  in  the  W.  part 

of  the  state,  watered  by  the  Ohio  &  Bea- 
ver rivers  ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  P.  26,689. 
Cap.  Beaver.     Wheat   &   oats   are   the 

chief  prod.       Bituminous  coal. III. 

cap.  Beaver  co.  Penn.,  on  the  N.  bank  of 

Ohio  river.     P.  551.- IV.  t.,  Venango 

CO.  Penn.     P.  1,611. V.  p-t.,  Pike  co. 

0.    P.  1,099. VI.  t..  Union  co.  Penn. 

P.  2,609. VII.  Columbiana  co.  0.,  t. 

If  is  a  rich  agricultural  town. VIII. 

t.,  Guernsey  co.  0. 

Beaver  Creek,  t.,  Greene  co.  0.,  on 
the  Little  Miami.     P.  1,767. 

Beaver  Dam,  t.,  Erie  co.  Penn.  P. 
1,081. 

Beaver  Islands,  a  group,  5  or  6  in 
number  in  Lake  Mich. 

Bebayh-el-Hagar,  a  ruined  town  of 
Egypt,  &  having  more  extensive  remains 
of  antiquity  than  any  other  town  of  the 
delta  of  the  Nile. 

Becceril  de  Campos,  a  town  of  Spain, 
prpv.  Valencia.     P.  2,569. 

Beccles,  a  munic.  bor.,  port,  mkt- 
town,  &  pa.  of  England,  oo.  Suffolk.    P. 


BEG 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


81 


4,086.  Its  large  Gothic  church,  founded 
1369,  is  richly  ornamented  with  sculp- 
ture. 

Becelare,  a  town  of  Belgium.  P. 
2,169. 

Bechin,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    P.  1,200. 
Bechtheim,    a    town     of    Germanv, 
Darmstadt.     P.  1,600. 

Bechuana    Country,    a    region,    S. 
Africa.    Chf.  towns,  Lattakoo  &  Mashow. 
Beckenried.  a  vill.  of  Switzerl.,  cant. 
Unterwalden.     JP.  1,500. 

Becket,  p.t.,  Berkshire  co.  Mass.,  a 
grazing  town.     P.  1,342. 

Beckstein,  a  vill.  of  Upper  Austria, 
with  important  gold  &  silver  mines. 

Beckum,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia.    P.  1,800. 

Becskerek,  town  of  Hungary,  on  the 
Bega.     P.  12,623. 

Beqzko,  a  town  of  N.  Hungary.  P. 
2,200. 

Bedale,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  York, 
N.  EirliLg.  Church  erected  in  the  time 
of  Edward  III.,  with  a  tower  which  the 
inhabitants  successfully  defended  during 
an  inroad  of  the  Scots. 

Bedaeieux,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Herault.  P.  8,722.  It  is  neatly  built,  & 
has  manufs. 

Bedarrides,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Vaucluse.     P.  2,117. 

Bedford,  a  pari.  bor.  &  town  of  Eng- 
land, on  the  Ouse.     P.  9,178. 

Bedford,  county,  Penn.,  is  in  the  S. 
part  of  the  state,  on  branches  of  Juniette 
&  Potomac  rivs.  It  yields  iron  and  bitu- 
minous coal.     P.  23,052.     Cap.  Bedford. 

II.  county  in  Va.,^  in  the  S.  part  of 

the  state,  occupying  a  high  position  on 
the  E.- of  Alleghany  mountain  range.  It 
is  drained  by  Staunton  river  &  the  head 
branches  of  Soanoke  riv.  Productions, 
tobacco,  Indian  corn  &  oats.     P.  24,080. 

Cap.  Liberty. III.    county,  Tenn.,  is 

in  the  central  part  of  the  state,  on  Duck 
riv.  Soil  fertile.  Produc.  wheat,  In- 
dian  corn,    tobacco.      P  .  21,512.      Cap. 

Shelbyville. lY.   p-t.,    Hillsboro'    co. 

N.  H.     P.  1,555. V.  p-t.,  Middlesex 

CO.  Mass.  P.  929. VI.  p-v.,  West- 
chester CO.  N.  Y.  It,  together  with 
White   Plains  is  the  cap.  of  the  county. 

P.  of  t.   2,822.- VII.  p-t.,  Cuirahoga 

CO.  0.     P.  1,244. VIII.  p-t.,  Calhoun 

CO.    Mich. IX.   t.,    cap.    Bedford  po. 

Penn.  Celebrated  for  its  mineral  springs 
which  contain  carbonic  acid,  magnesia, 
sulphate  of  lime,  ruuriate  of  soda,  car- 
bonate of  iron,  lime,  &c.,  useful  in  chron- 
ic diseases,  &  possessing  laxative  &  su- 
dorific powers.  They  are  much  resorted 
4* 


to.     P.   1,022. X.  p-v.,  and  cap.  of 

Trimble  co.  Ky.    It  has  a  mineral  spring 
charged  with   Epsom   salts   &   sulphur. 

P.  148. XI.   p-v.,   &   cap.  Lawrence 

CO.   la.        XII.   t.,    Monroe    co.    Mich. 

P.   499.. XIII.   t.,    Coshopton  co.   0. 

P.  1,141. XIV.  t.,   Meigs  co.  0.    P. 

567. 

Bedford  Island,  S.  Pacific.  It  is 
low  and  wooded,  &  apparently  a  coral 
reef,  inclosing  a  lagoon. 

Bedfordshire,  an  inland  county  of 
Eng.     P.  107,936. 

Beddizole,  a  vill.  of  Lombardy.  P. 
2,000. 

Bedminster,  town,  Somerset  co.  N.  J. 

Soil  fertile.     P.   1,589. II.  t.,  Bucks 

CO.  Penn.     P.  1,640. 

Bednore,  a  town  of  S.  India,  Mysore 
dom.,  formerly  a  city  of  wealth. 

Bedouin,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Vau- 
cluse. Manufactures  of  pottery- ware  & 
silk  spinning.     P.  1,494. 

Bedoune,  or  Petoone,  a  town,  Man- 
chooria,  on  the  Songari. 

Bedous,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  B.  Pyr- 
enees.    P.  1,289. 

Beek,  a  vill.  of  Netherlands,  pro  v. 
Limburg.     P.  2,358. 

Beekman,  p-t.  Dutchess  co.  New  York. 
Soil,  rich,  gravelly  loam.     P.  1,400. 

Beekmantown,  p-t.  Clinton  co.  N.  Y. 
It  extends  37  m.  acr6ss  the  co.  Chazey 
&  Chateaugaj'-  lakes  lie  in  the  W.  part 
of  the  t.     P.  2,769. 

Beemah,  a  riv.  of  S.  India.     L.  400  m. 

Beemster,  the  most  populous  of  the 
Folders,  or  drained  grounds  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, prov.  N.  Holland.     P.  2,971. 

Beer-Alston,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Devon,  near  the  Tamar. 

Beerfelden,  a  vill.  of  Hessen-Darm- 
stadt,  prov.  Starkenberg.     P.  2,600. 

Beeren  (Gross),  a  vill.  of  Prussia, 
well  knovim  as  the  scene  of  a  great  victory 
gained  by  the  Prussians  over  the  French, 
22d  and  23d  Aug.  1813.     P.  242. 

Beersheba,  a  ruined  border  town  of 
Palestine.  A  favorite  station  of  the  pa- 
triarch Abraham,  and  the  S.  limit  of  the 
Promised  Land,  while  Dan  formed  the 
N.  frontier.  Here  are  still  two  deep 
wells  of  pure  water,  built  up  with  ma- 
sonry, very  ancient,  and  the  scattered 
ruins  of  a  former  town. 

Beeskow,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov. 
Brandenburg.     P.  4,150. 

Bega,  a  riv.  of  E.  Hungary. 

Bbgard,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  COtes- 
du-Nord.     P.  3,821. 

Begharmi,  a  country,  Central  Africa, 
Soudan. 


82 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bel 


Beghram,  a  plain,  and  the  remains  of 
an  ancient  city  in  Afghanistan. 

Begkos,  a  large  vill.  in  Asia  Minor, 
Anatolia,  on  the  Bosphorus.  In  ancient 
Greek  mythology,  this  locality  was  famed 
as  the  scene  of  contest  between  Pollux 
&  Amyous. 

Begles,  a  vill.  of  France,  Gironde,  on 
the  Garonne.     P.  2,657. 

Beg-shehr,  a  lake,  river,  &  town  of 
Asia  Minor.  ' 

Behar,  a  prov.  &  town  of  India. 

Behbehan,  a  town  of  Persia,  prov. 
Fars.    P.  4,000. 

Behle,  a  vill.  of  Prussia.     P.  1,750. 

Behneseh,  a  town  of  Egypt.  Euins 
of  ancient  Oxyrynchus,  celeb,  for  its  vast 
number  of  monasteries,  established  in  the 
4th  century. 

Behring  (or  Admiralty)  Bav,  an  in- 
let of  the  Pacific  ocean,  Russ.  America. 

Behring  Island,  the  most  W.  of  the 
Aleutian  isls.,  N.  Pacific,  &  where  Beh- 
ring was  wrecked,  &  died  in  1741. 

Behring  Sea  is  that  part  of  the  N. 
Pacific  ocean  betw.  the  Aleutian  isls.,  & 
Behring  Strait,  by  which  latter  it  com- 
municates with  the  Arctic  ocean.  It 
contains  several  large  isls.,  &  receives 
the  Anadyr  riv.  Fogs  are  almost  per- 
petual in  this  sea. 

Behring' s  Strait,  the  channel  which 
separates  Asia  &  America  at  their  nearest 
approach  to  each  other,  &  connects  the 
Arctic  with  the  Pacific  ocean  (Behring 
sea).  It  was  discov.  by  Vitus  Behring  in 
1728,  &  first  explored  by  Cook  in  1788. 

Bex-Bazar,  a  town  of  AsiaMinor, 
Anatolia. 

Beiertheim,  a  vill.  of  Baden,  circ. 
Midd.  Rhine. 

Beilan,  a  town  &  pass  of  Syria,  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  gulf  of  Iscanderoon.  The 
pass,  between  mtns.  Rhossus  &  Amanus, 
is  considered  identical  with  the  Amanian 
gates  of  antiquity,  it  being  the  only  route 
commonly  practicable  from  Cilicia  into 
Syria.  The  town  has  about  5,000  inhab- 
itants, llei'e  the  Egyptian  troops  totally 
defeated  the  Turks  in  1832. 

Beilngries,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Altmuhl.     P.  1,104. 

Beilstein,  a  small  town  of  Wlirtem- 
berg.     P.  1,200. 

Beine,  a  vill.  of  France.     P.  1,019. 

Beira,  a  prov.  of  Portugal.  Area, 
5,817  sq.  m.  P.  615,238.  Surface  moun- 
tainous, traversed  by  the  Serra  Estrella; 
soil  not  fertile.  Chief  rivs.,  the  Douro, 
Tagus,  Aguada,  &  the  Mondego.  Prod., 
wine,  wheat,  barley,  maize,  olives  & 
fruit.     On  the  mntns.  many  sheep  are  , 


pastured,  &  celebrated  cheese  is  made ; 
marble,  iron,  &  coal  are  wrought ;  man- 
ufactures are  unimportant.  Chf.  towns, 
Coimbra,  Ovar,  Aveiro,  Viseu,  &  Lamego. 

Beirut,  a  seaport  town  of  Syria. 

Beisan,  a  vill.  of  Palestine)  pash.  Da- 
mascus. 

Beit-el-Fakih,  a  marit.  town  of  Ara- 
bia, on  the  Red  sea.  P.  8,000.  It  is  a 
large  open  town,  with  a  strong  citadel,  a 
mosque,  &  houses  of  brick  &  clay,  roofed 
with  date  leaves.  It  is  thecentre  of  the 
Yemen  trade  in  coffee. 

Beit-el-Ma,  a  vill.  of  Syria,  pash. 
Alei^po,  On  the  Orontes. 

Beith,  a  pa.  of  Scotland.     P.  5,795. 

Beitstad,  a  town  of  Norway.  P.  2,700. 

Beja,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov.  Alem- 
tejo.  P.  5,500.  Its  walls  are  flanked  by 
40  towers ;  &  it  has  a  castle,  cathedral, 
hospital,  &  Latin  school,  with  tanneries, 

&  a  manuf.  of  earthen-wares. II.  a 

vill.  of  Brazil,  prov.  &  on  the  Rio  Para, 

35  m.  S.W.  Para. III.  a  town,  Africa, 

dom.  &  60  m.  W.  Tunis. 

Bejar,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Sala- 
manca, in  a  valley  of  the  Sierra  de  Bejar. 
P.  4,664.  It  has  cloth  manufs.,  &  a  trade 
in  hams. 

Bejawee,  a  town,  British  India,  Bun- 
delcund. 

Bejighur,  a  town,  British  India,  within 
Mahratta  territory. 

Bejer,  a  town  of  Spain. 

Bejetsk,  a  town,  Russia,  gov.  Tver. 
P.  3,200. 

BEJis,Ta  town  of  Spain.     P.  3,155. 

Bejucal,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Cuba. 

Bekenfield,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  on 
the  S.  bank  of  the  lake  of  Lucerne.  P. 
1,500. 

Bekes,  a  town  of  Hungary,  at  the 
confl.  of  the  White  &  Black  Koros.  '  P. 
18,850. 

Bela,  a  t.  of  Beloochistan,  cap.  prov. 
Lus,  near  the  Poorally  riv.  P.  5,000. 
It  consists-of  about  800  houses,  built  of 

mud. II.   a   town  of   British    India, 

presid.  Bengal,  dist. 

Bela,  a  town  of  N.  Hungary,  eo.  Zips. 
P.  3,400. 

Belair,  cap.  Harford  co.  Md. 

Belalcazar,  a  town  of  Spain.  P. 
3,380. 

Belaspooh,  a  town,  N.  Hindostan, 
cap.  rnjahship  of  Cahlore,  on  the  Sutlege. 
It  is  regularly  built  &  roughly  paved. 

II.    a  town,  British   India,    presid. 

Bengal,  dist.  Moradabad. 

Belbeys,  a  town  of  Lower  Egypt,  on 
the  B.  arm  of  the  Nile.  P.  5,000.  It  is 
end.  by  earth  ramparts,  has  numerous 


bel] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


8(3 


mosques,  &  is  a  station    on    the  route 
from  Egypt  to  Syria. 

Belcastro,  a  town  of  Naples,  prev. 
Calab.     P.  1,000. 

Belcele,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov.  E. 
Flanders.     P.  2,856. 

Belcher  Islands,  two  small  groups 
in  Hudson  bay. 

Belchertown,  p-t.,  Hampshire  co. 
Mass.  It  has  a  good  soil  &  is  well  culti- 
vated.    P.  2,554. 

Belchite,  a  town  of  Spain.    P.  2,655. 

Beled-ul-Jerid,  or  country  of  dates, 
a  vast  region  of  Africa,  extending  S.  of 
Mt.  Atlas,  E.  of  Morocco,  &  S.  Algerie, 
to  Tunis  &  Tripoli  on  the  E.  It- is  gene- 
rally arid,  &  covered  with  sterile  plains 
of  sand  &  rocks ;  but  contains  sev.  oases 
fertile  in  dates,  &  is  inhab.  by  nomadic 
tribes. 

Belem,  a  town  of  Portugal,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Tagus.  P.  5,000.  It  has 
a  fortress,  with  a  remarkable  tower.  It 
was  taken  by  the  French  in  1807,  &  by 
the  troops  of  Don  Pedro  in  1833. — JBelem, 
3  vills.  of  Brazil,  provs.  Bahia,  Eio 
Grrande,  &  Parahiba. 

Belenyes,  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the 
Koros.  P.  3,250,  with  marble  quarries, 
&  mines  of  iron,  &c. 

Belesta,  a  -town  of  France,  dep. 
Ariege,  with  iron  foundries  &  marble 
works.     P.  1,212. 

Belfast,  two  baronies  of  Ireland,  co. 
Antrim,  Upper  &  Lower.  The  Upper 
bar.  extends  nearly  to  the  S.E.  extremity 
of  the  CO. 

Belfast,  a  pari.  &  munic.  bor.,  & 
manuf.  &  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  Ulster, 
CO.  Antrim,  at  the  head  of  Belfast  Lough. 
It  has  a  college  &  2  large  schools  open 
to  all  religious  denominations,  also  the 
Belfast  academy  &  numerous  other 
schools ;  a  union  workhouse,  lunatic,  deaf 
&  dumb,  &  blind  asylums,  &  various 
other  hospitals.  An  exchange,  custom 
house,  public  library,  theatre,  museum, 
&  a  botanic  garden ;  five  banking  cos. ; 
a  chamber  of  commerce,  societies  of  his- 
tory, natural  history,  music  &  fine  arts. 
Ten  newspapers  are  published  in  the 
borough.  Belfast  is  the  principal  depot 
of  the  Irish  linen  trade  &  the  chief  seat 
of  the  cotton  manufacture  of  Ireland.  It 
has  many  large  linen  &  cotton  mills ; 
extensive  distilleries,  breweries,  foun- 
dries, ship-yards,  sail  cloth  &  tobac- 
co factories ;  regular  value  of  imports 
about  ^£4,500,000;  of  exports  about 
£5,600,000;  tonnage,  624,113.  Belfast 
sends  two  members  to  Parliament.  P. 
96,660. II.  seaport,  port  of  entrj',  and 


cap.  Waldo  co.  Me.,  beautifully  situated 
at  the  head  of  Belfast  bay,  on  the  W.  side 
Penobscot  riv.,  30  ms.  from  the  ocean. 
It  has  a  spacious  &  safe  harbor  rarely 
obstructed  by  ice  &  sufficient  depth  for 
vessels  of  the  largest  class.  It  is  exten- 
sively engaged  in  foreign  &  coasting 
trade,  in  the  fisheries  &  ship  building-; 

its  tonnage  is  4,483,522.     P.  5,051. 

III.  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.,  on  the 
Genesee  riv.,  &  its  tributaries.  The 
Genesee  valley  canal  here  leaves  the 
riv.  &  passes  up  the  valley  of  Black  cr. 
P.  1,646. 

Belfort,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Haut 
Rhin.,  on  the  Savoureuse.  P.  4,114.  Its 
citadel  was  constructed  by  Vauban,  &  it 
has  a  fine  church,  college,  &  public  li- 
brary of  20,000  vols.,  with  iron  foundries 
&  wire  factories. 

Belgard,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pome- 
rania,  on  the  Persante.     P.  3,330. 

Belgaum,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bombay,  on  a  high  &  healthy 
site.  P.  7,650.  Its  works  are  strong; 
&  it  held  out  vigorously  against  the 
British,  until  captured  in  1818.  It  is 
now  the  head-quarters  of  the  S.  division 
of  the  Bombay  army. 

Belgerst,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
on  the  1.  b.  of  the  Elbe.     P.  3,010. 

Belgiojoso,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Lom- 
bardy.  P.  3,000.  It  is  well  built,  &  has 
a  noble  castle  of  the  princes  of  Belgiojoso, 
in  which  Francis  I.  spent  the  night  afte"r 
his  defeat  at  Pavia,  Feb.  24,  1525. 

Belgium,  a  kingdom  of  Central  Eu- 
rope, having  X.  the  Netherlands,  E. 
Dutch  Limburg  &  Luxemburg,  &  Rhen. 
Prussia,  S.  &  S.W.  France,  &  W.  the 
North  sea.  Area,  11,313  sq.  m.  P. 
4,407,241.  Chief  cities,  Antwerp,  Bruges, 
Ghent,  Mens,  Liege,  Brussels,  Hasselt, 
Arlon  &  Namur.  The  coasts  are  low  & 
protected  against  the  encroachments  of 
the  sea  by  dykes  &  sand  downs,  as  in 
Holland, ^though  no  part  of  Flanders  is 
below  the  sea-level.  The  whole  territory 
belongs  to  the  basin  of  the  German  ocean, 
&  is  among  the  best  watered  countries 
of  Europe.  Chief  rivers,  the  Mouse 
(Maas)  &  Scheldt,  with  the  Rupel,  De- 
mer,  Senne,  Dendre,  the  Haine,  Durme, 
&  the  Lys,  tribut.  to  the  former;  &  the. 
Ourthe,  Vesdre,  &  Ambleve,  Mark,  Dom- 
mel,  Geer,  Mehaigne,  &  Sambre,  afflts. 
of  the  latter.  Climate  humid  &  cool  j 
unhealthy  in  the  low  parts  of  Flanders 
&  in  the  prov.  of  Antwerp.  The  soil  is 
in  general  fertile,  especially  so  in  Flan- 
ders ;  sandy  &  sterile  in  great  part  of 
the  provs.  Antwerp  &  Luxemburg.    In 


84 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bel 


the  mountainous  regions  the  riches  con- 
gist  in  fine  forests  &  abundant  mineral 
products.  The  country  is  estimated  to 
yield  double  the  quantity  of  corn  re- 
quired for  home  consumption.  Wheat, 
rye,  barley,  oats,  &  buck- wheat  are  ex- 
tensively cultivated.  Flanders  is  famous 
for  its  agriculture.  Horticulture  is  an 
important  branch  of  industry.  Horned 
cattle  are  most  numerous  in  Flanders. 
From  7,000  to  10,000  of  the  large  Flemish 
draught  horses,  &  about  2,600  colts,  are 
annually  exported.  Mining  is  one  of  the 
chief  sources  of  wealth ;  in  1837  there 
were  in  the  country  352  mines,  occupying, 
or  extending  under,  more  than  640  sq.  m. ; 
the  principal  products  are  iron,  coal,  cop- 
per, zinc,  marble,  slate,  &  stone.  Liege 
has  produced  150,000  tons  of  iron  in  a 
single  year ;  &  the  whole  kingdom 
4,960,077  tons  of  coal.  Ostend  is  the 
principal  port  for  the  herring  fishery. 
Manuf.  industry  is  the  chief  source  of 
prosperity  in  Belgium ;  in  this  it  surpasses 
every  country  iu  Europe,  except  England. 
According  to  a  recent  census  355,000  per- 
sons are  employed  in  Belgium  in  spinning 
&  weaving ;  50,000  more  engaged  in 
subsidiary  occupations.  The  manufs.  of 
woollen  cloths  &  cassimeres  employ  40,000 
hands  in  &  about  Verviers  ;  &  there  were 
produced  annually  100,000  pieces  of  fine 
cloth,  of  an  aggregate  value  of  1,000,OOOZ. 
In  1839,69  smelting  furnaces,  &  175  iron 
forges  were  in  active  operation,  the  prin- 
cipal being  at  Liege,  where  the  royal 
cannon  foundry  is  one  of  the  best  estabs. 
of  the  kind  in  Europe.  Steam  engines 
are  built  at  Liege,  Brussels,  Charleroi, 
Tirlemont,  &  Bruges.  General  imports, 
11,535,506^.  General  exports,  8,078,823Z. 
The  native  shipping  of  Belgium  com- 
prises 161  vessels  ;  tonnage,  22,770. 
Antwerp,  Ostend,  &  Nieuport,  are  the 
chief  ports.  Government  is  a-  consti- 
tutional monarchy,  based  on  the  broad- 
est principles  of  rational  liberty.  The 
sovereignty  is  hereditary,  except  in  fail- 
ure of  heirs  male  ;  the  senate  &  the 
house  of  representatives  are  both  elected 
by  the  people.  Punishment  of  death  has 
been  abolished ;  universal  toleration, 
freedom  of  the  press,  &  trial  by  jury  are 
established.  Each  prov.  has  its  governor, 
&  a  council  of  from  50  to  70  members.  The 
kingdom  has  4  universities,  the  seats  of 
which  are  Ghent ,  Liege,  Louvain  &  Brus- 
sels. Belgium  has  22  fortified  places  ;  the 
armed  force  in  1847  amounted  to  180,000 
men,  of  whom  90,000  belonged  to  the 
troops  of  the  line,  &  90,000  to  the  civic 
or  burgher  guard.  Public  revenue  (1846) 


4,520,163Z.  ;  expenditure,  4,508,969^  ; 
public  debt,  37,883,237Z. 

Belgohod,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the 
Donetz.  P.  10,318.  It  is  divided  into 
an  old  &  a  new  town. 

Belgrade,  an  important  fortfd.  city 
of  Servia,on  r.  b.  of  the  Danube,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Save.  P.  30,000.  It 
is  the  largest  &  best  built  city  of  Servia, 
&  one  of  the  strongest  places  in  Europe, 
being  garrisoned  by  6,000  Turks.  Bel- 
grade had  formerly  quite  an  oriental  ap- 
pearance, but  it  is  becoming  abandoned 
by  wealthy  Turks  ;  churches  are  super- 
seding mosques  ;  new  buildings  are  being 
constructed  in  the  German  fashion  ;  &  the 
bazaars  have  now  glazed  shop-windows. 
The  streets,  however,  remain  filthy,  ill- 
paved,  &  the  public  baths  &  inns  wretch- 
ed. It  has  manufs.  of  arms,  carpets, 
silk  goods,  cutlery,  &  saddlery.  It  is  the 
entrepot  of  commerce  betw.  Turkey  & 
Austria,  &  the  seat  of  the  principal  au- 
thorities of  Servia.  It  was  taken  by  the 
Turks,  under  Solyman  II.,  in  1522 ;  & 
re-taken  by  Prince  Eugene  in  1717.  It 
was  partly  ruined  during  the  Servian  in- 
surrection in  1813,  &  its  repair  was  com- 
menced by  the  Porte  in  1836. — —II.  p-t., 
Kennebec  co.  Me.  This  town  has  3  largo 
&  beautiful  ponds  on  its  border.  1  acad. 
P.  1,748. 

Belgham,  a  town  of  India,  dom.  Oudo. 
It  has  decayed  buildings  in  the  best  style 
of  Mogul  architecture. 

Belhelvie,  a  marit.  pa.  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Aberdeen.     P.  1,594. 

Belici,  a  riv.  in  the  "W.  of  Sicily. 

Belida,  a  town  of  Africa,  Algeria. 

Belin,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Gironde. 
P.  1,550. 

Behtz.  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov.  Bran- 
denburg. ■  P.  2,350. 

Belize,  a  British  colony.  Cent.  Amer. 

Belknap,  co.  N.  H.  in  the  S.E.  part 
of  the  state,  is  bounded  by  Winnipis- 
siogee  lake  in  the  N.E.,  &  Squam  lake  on 
the  N.,  &  Pemigewasset  riv.  on  the  W. 
Cap.  Ossipee ;  it  contains  8  townships. 
P.  17,721. 

Bella,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Basili- 
cata.     P.  5,000. 

Bellac,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  H.  Vi- 
enne.  .  P.  3,166. 

Bellaggio,  a  small  town  of  N.  Italy. 
It  has  numerous  rich  villas  &  gardens. 

Bellano,  a  vill.  of  Lombardy,  gov. 
Milan. 

Bellary,  one  of  the  Balaghaut  ceded 
dists.  of  British  India,  presid.   Madras. 

Area,  12,703  sq.  m.     P.  1,112,839. IL 

cap.  above  dist.,  &  head-quarters  of  a 


UKIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


85 


div.  of  the  Madras  army.  It  has  a  square 
fort  on  a  roeky  height ;  below  which  is 

the  town,  with  a  good  bazaar. II.  a 

decayed  town,  presid.  Bengal.  It  was 
formerly  extensive,  &  near  it  are  some 
fine  Hindoo  temples. 

Bellas,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov.  Es- 
tremadura,  on  the  Ancelva,  with  mine- 
ral baths,  &  a  fine  castle.    P.  4,000. 

Belle  Alliance  (La),  a  hamlet  of 
Belgium,  prov.  Brabant,  2  m.  S.  Mont 
St.  Jean. ,  It  was  the  centre  of  opera- 
tions in  the  field  of  Waterloo,  &  the  place 
where  Napoleon  commanded  the  battle 
called  by  the  Prussians  the  Battle  of  La 
Belle  Alliance,  18th  June,  1815. 

Belle-fontaine,  p-v.,  &  cap.  of  Logan 
CO.    0.    It  has  a  court  house  &  jail ;  a 

weekly  newspaper  is  published  here. 

II.  V.  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  on  the  S.  bank  of 
Missouri  riv. 

Bellefonte,  cap.  Centre  co.  Penn. 
situated  on  Spring  cr.  It  has  an  exten- 
sive iron   trade.     P.  1,032. II.  p-v., 

cap.  Jackson  co.  Ala.,  on  Paint  Rock  riv. 

Bellegahdb,  a  hamlet  of  France,  dep. 
E.  Pyrenees,  on  the  Spanish  frontier,  with 
an  important  citadel  built  by  Louis  XIV. 

II.  {Pont  de)  dep.  Ain,  arr.  Nantua, 

with  a  custom  house.    Near  it  is  the  celeb. 

Perte  du  Rhone. III.  dep.  Gard.    P. 

1,726. 

Belleghem,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov. 
E.  Flanders.    P.  3,182. 

Belleisle,  an  isl.  of  British  N.  Amer., 
in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  at  the  entrance  of 
the  strait  of  same  name,  betw.  Labrador 
&  the  N.  extremity  of  Newfoundland. 
Wheat  is  said  to  ripen  well  on  it,  &  it 
yields  potatoes  &  other  vegetables. 

Belleisle-en-Mer,  an  isl.  of  France, 
in  the  Atlantic,  8  m.  S.  Quiberon  Point. 
Length,  about  11  m. ;  greatest  breadth, 
6  m.  P.  9,391.  The  isl.  is  noted  for  its 
excellent  wheat,  &  its  fine  breed  of  draught 
horses.  It  is  nearly  surrounded  by  rocks, 
&  has  a  good  anchorage,  &  several  small 
ports.  The  isl.  forms  a  canton.  It  was 
taken  by  the  English  in  1761,  &  held  by 
them  till  1763.—^^ — Belleisle-en-Terre  is  a 
small  town,  dep.  Cutes-du-Nord,  cap. 
cant.,  10  m.  W.  Guingamp.      P.  1,378. 

Bellem,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov.  E. 
Flanders.     P.  1,630. 

Belleme,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Orne. 
P.  3,241.  It  has  manufs.  of  coarse  linen 
<&  cottons. 

Bellerica,  t.,  Washington  co.  Mis- 
souri. 

Belle,  r.,  a  br.  of  the  St.  Clair,  50  m.  1. 

Belleview,  t.,  Washington  co.  Mo. 
P.  173.  '     '        .       * 


Belleville,  p-v.,  Essex  co.N.  J.,  situ- 
ated on  W.  side  of  Passaic  riv.;  it  abounds 

with  fine  mill  streams.  P.  2,466. II. 

Belleville,   p-v.,  cap.   St.  Clair  co.   III., 

a  flourishing  village.     P.  700. III.  v. 

cap.  Desha  co.  Ark.,  on  S.  side  Arkansas 

riv. IV.  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Seine, 

forming  a  suburb  of  Paris,  &  enclosed 
by  new  fortifications.  P.  24,235.  Cap. 
of  Hastings  co.  Upper  Canada,  on  the 
bay  of  Quinte,  110  m.  E.  of  Toronto. 
P.  4,569. 

Bellevue,  p-t.,  Eaton  co.  Mich.  P. 
529. 

Belley,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Ain, 
near  the  Rhone.  P.  3,666.  In  its  vicin- 
ity are  the  best  lithog.  stones  in  France. 
It  has  manufs.  of  maslins,  &  trade  in 
Gruyere  cheese.  Belley  served  as  a 
place  of  arms  to  Csesar  against  the  AUo- 
broges.  Alaric  burned  it  in  390 ;  pos- 
sessed in  the  middle  ages  by  the  Dukes 
of  Savoy,  it  was  ceded  to  France  in  1601. 

Bellie,  a  marit.  pa.  of  Scotl.,  on  the 
Spey.     P.  2,434. 

Bellingham,  a  town  of  England,  co. 

Northumberland. II.  Bellingham,  p-t., 

Norfolk  CO.  Mass.,  watered  by  Charles  r. 
P.  1,055. 

Bellingshausen  IsLAND,Society  isls., 
Pacific  ocean. 

Bellingwolde,  a  frontier  vill.  Neth- 
erlands.   P.  2,784. 

Bellinzona,  a  town  of  Switzerland. 
P.  1,520. 

Bellou,  two  comms.  &  vills.  France, 
dep.  Orne. 

Bellovar,  a  town  &  post-station  of 
Croatia.     P.  2,800. 

Bellow's  Falls,  Windham  co.  Vt., 
at  the  falls  in  the  Connecticut.  The  river 
above  which  is  about  350  ft.  wide,  is  here 
compressed  into  a  channel  of  16  feet,  & 
descends  by  successive  pitches  in  a  half 
mile.  A  canal  has  been  cut  in  the  rock 
around  these  falls. 

Bell-Rock,  or  Inch-Cape,  a  reef  of 
rocks  in  the  German  ocean,  off  the  E. 
coast  of  Scotland. 

■Bell  Town,  the  cap.  of  a  self-styled 
regal  chief  of  Guinea,  on  the  Cameroons 
riv.,  near  its  estuary.  It  is  large, &  regu- 
larly built,  consisting  of  neat  bamboo 
houses.  Merchant  vessels  may  lie  in  the 
river  quite  close  to  the  town. 

Belluno,  a  city  of  N.  Italy.  P.  9,700. 
It  is  end.  by  old  walls ;  it  has  a  fine 
aqueduct,  a  cathedral  designed  by  Pal- 
ladio,  a  rich  hospital,  diocesan  &  high 
schools.  The  title  of  Duke  of  Belluno 
was  conferred  by  Napoleon  on  Marshal 
Victor. 


86 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[ben 


■  Bellye,  a  vill.  of  S.  Hungary,  with  a 
castle,  CO.  Baranya.     P.  1,075. 

Belmont,  county,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  riv., 
is  hilly  &  broken.  It  is  an  agricultural 
county  &  has  two  weekly  newspapers.    P. 

34,600.    Cap.  St.  Clairsville.- 11.  p-v., 

Waldo   CO.    Me.      P.    1,378. III.   t., 

Franklin  co.  N.  Y. IV.  Belmont,    a 

town  of  France,  dep.  Loire.  Also  several 
small  cantons  &  vills. 

Belmonte,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 

Calab.    P.  2,914. -II.  a  town  of  Spain, 

prov.  Cuenca.  P.  2,694.  This  is  the 
name  of  many  small  towns   in   Italy  & 

Portugal. III.  a  river  of  Brazil,  prov. 

Bahia,  formed  by  the  union  of  two  riv- 
er.i,  which  rise  in  the  Sierra  Frio. 

Belobanya,  a  royal  free  t.  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  Honth.     P.  1,740. 

Belceil,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Tournai.    P.  2,267.     Extens.  breweries. 

Beloit,  Rock  CO.  Wisconsin. 

Beloochistan,  an  extensive  country 
of  Southern  Asia,  forming  the  S.E.part  of 
the  old  dom.  of  Persia,  &  extending  on 
the  S.  for  600  m.  along  the  shores  of  the 
Indian  ocean.  Area,  160,000  sq.  m.,  & 
p.  480,000.  It  is  subdiT.  into  the  6 
provs.  of  Kelat,  Sarawan,  Cutch-Gundava, 
Jhalawan,  Lus,  &  Mekran.  Nearly  the 
whole  country  is  mountainous.  Its  mutns. 
in  the  E.  are  connected  with  those  of 
South  Afghanistan,  &  rise  to  considerable 
elevation;  the  Bolan  pass,  &  even  the 
bottom  of  some  valleys  are  upwards  of 
5,700  feet  in  height,  &  the  cap.  Kelat  is 
6,000  ft.  above  the  sea.  In  the  N.,  the 
peak  of  Takkatoo  is  considered  to  have 
an  elev.  of  11,000  ft.  The  rivs.  are  very 
insignificant,  except  after  heavy  rains  ; 
the  largest,  the  Dustee,  though  supposed 
to  have  a  course  of  1,'000  m.,  has  been 
found  at  its  mouth  only  20  inches  deep, 
&  20  yards  in  width.  In  the  low  &  wa- 
tered plains  of-  Cutch-Grundava  &  Lus, 
rice  &  sugar-cane,  with  cotton,  indigo,  & 
tobacco  are  raised  ;  in  other  parts  wheat, 
bii.rley,  madder,  &  pulses,  with  European 
fruits,  on  some  of  the  mountain  sides,  the 
tamarisk  ifcbabool  attain  the  size  of  large 
timber  trees.  Mineral  products  comprise 
copper,  lead,  antimony,  iron,  sulphur, 
ilium,  &  sal-ammoniac.  Prepared  skins, 
woollen  felt  &  cloths,  carpets  &  tentoovers 
of.goats'  or  camels'  hair,  &  rude  firearms, 
are  all  the  manufd.  products.  Trade 
comparatively  small,  &  almost  monopo- 
lized by  Hindoos.  Sonmeanee  is  the 
only  seaport.  Mekran  is  in  barbarous 
anarchy  ;  most  of  the  E.  provs.  are  un- 
der the  uncertain  authority  of  the  khan 
of  Kelat. 


Beloeado,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Burgos,  on  r.  b.  of  Tiron.     P.  2,450. 

Belp,  a  vill.  of  Switzerl.  P.  1,500. 
On  its  S.  side  is  the  Belpberg;  a  mntn. 
2,940  ft.  high,  containing  many  petrifac- 
tions. 

Belpasso,  a  town  of  Sicily.  P. 
2,500. 

Belpech,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Aude. 
P.  1,146. 

Belper,  a  town,  of  England,  co.  Derby. 
P.  9,835. 

Belpre,  p-t.,  AYashington  co.  0.,  on 
the  Ohio  r. 

Beet  (Great  &  Little),  two  straits 
of  the  Baltic  sea,  by  which  it  communi- 
cates with  the  Kattegat.  The  Great  Belt, 
betw.  the  Danish  isls.  Seeland  &  Laland' 
on  the  E.,  &  Fiihnen  &Langeland  on  the 
W.  has  an  average  breadth  of  15  m.  The 
Little  Belt,  betw.  the  mainland  of  Den- 
mark on  the  W.,  &  the  isl.  Fiihnen  on 
the  E.,  has  an  average  breadth  of  from 
6  to  8  m.,  though,  at  its  N.  extremity,  it 
is  less  than  a  mile  across ;  depth  5  to  14 
fathoms. 

Belturbet,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Ulster. 
P.  2,070. 

Belvedere,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 

Calab.     P.  3,400. II.  a  town,  Pontif. 

sta. III.  a  hamlet  of  Saxe-Weimar, 

with    a    summer    pulace   of  the   grand, 
dukes. 

Belves,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Dor- 
dogne.     P.  1,851. 

Belvidere,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Warren  co. 
N.  J.  It  contains  the  usual  county 
buildings.  Considerable  water  power. 
An  elegant  bridge  here  across'  the  Dela- 
ware.  II.  t.,  Boone  co.  111. 

Belvoir,  an  extra-parochial  dist.  Engr 
land,  cos.  Leicester  &  Lincoln.  Belvoi- 
castle  stands  on  an  isolated  mount,  over- 
looking a  rich  vale. 

Belz,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia.     P. 

2,400. II.  Belz,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 

Morbihan.     P.  1,390. 

Belzig,  a  town  of  Prussia.     P.  2,550. 

Bembatooka,  a  bay  &  town  on  the 
N.W.  coast  of  Madagascar.  The  bay  is 
said  to  be  capable  of  containing  the  larg- 
est fleet. 

Bembridge,  a  vill.  &  small  watering- 
place,  isle  of  Wight. 

Bemfica,  a  town  of  Portugal.  P. 
3,873.     Magnif.  aqueducts. 

Bemini  I.SLANDS,  a  small  group.  Ba- 
hamas. 

Bemmel,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Geklerland..    P.  3,720. 

Benabarre,  a  town  of  Sp.ain.    P.  2,211. 

Ben-Ahin,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,   prov. 


ben] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


87 


Liege.  P.  1,200.  Mines  of  lead,  zinc, 
&  iron. 

Benaguacil,  a  t.  of  Spain,  prov.  Va- 
lencia.   P.  3,034. 

Benameji,  a  t.  of  Spain,  prov.  Cordova. 
P.  4,525. 

Benanoir  (the  "mountain  of  Gold"), 
one  of  the  peaks  or  "paps"  of  the  island 
of  Jura,  Scotland,  elevation  2,420  feet. 

Benares,  a  dist.  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid.  Bengal,  between  the  rivers  Ganges  & 
Sye.  Climate  hot  &  dry  in  summer 
months,  &  chill  in  winter.  The  dist.  was 
ceded  to  Britain  in  1773.  The  sugar-cane 
is  cultivated,  &  opium  &  indigo  raised  to 
a  considerable  extent.     P.  3,000,000.'? 

Benares,  a  large  &  famous  city  of 
Hindostan,  &  which  maybe  considered  its 
Hindoo  (as  Delhi  was  its  Mohammedan, 
&  Calcutta  is  its  British)  capital.  It  is 
the  cap.  of  a  division  of  the  Bengal  pi'e- 
sid.  P.  600,0007  ;  but  at  certain  festivals 
the  number  is  incredible,  this  city  being 
"most  holy,"  &  resorted  to  by  pilgrims 
from  all  parts  of  India,  &  even  from  Tibet 
&  Burmah.  Its  external  appearance  is 
highly  imposing.  Principal  edifices,  the 
great  mosque  of  Aurungzebe,  numerous 
other  mosques,  a  great  number  of  Hindoo 
temples,  an  anc.  observatory,  &  the  Hin- 
doo Sanscrit  college,  the  chief  seat  of 
native  learning  in  India. 

Benasque,  a  t.  of  Spain,  prov.  Huesca, 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Esera,  2,830  feet  above  the 
sea.     P.  1,234. 

Benatek,  a  town  of  Bohemia.  Seve- 
ral vills.  in  Bohemia  have  the  same 
name. 

Ben-Aven,  amntn. of  Scotland,  Gram- 
pians.   Height  above  the  sea,  3,967  feet. 

Benavente,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Zamora.      P.  2,561.      Roman    remains. 

II.  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov.  Alem- 

tejo,  with  a  royal  castle.     P.  1,954. 

Benbaun,  a  mntn.  of  the  Binabola 
group,  or  "Twelve  Pins,"^  Ireland,  co. 
Galway.     Elev.  2,395  feet. 

Benbecula,  one  of  the  Hebrides  isls. 

Bencoolen,  a  residency  and  seaport 
town  of  the  Dutch  E.  Indies,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  the  island  Sumatra.  P.  of  resi- 
dency 94,000,  of  the  town  12,000.  Chief 
trade,  import  of  goods  from  Batavia, 
Bengal  &  Europe.  It  wag  founded  by 
the  Engl.,  1685,  &  ceded  to  the  Dutch  in 
exchange  for  Malacca  in  1824. 

Bencruachan,  a  mountain  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  Argyle,  between  lochs  Etive  & 
Awe.     Height  3,670  feet. 

Bendemeer,  a  river  of  Persia. 

Bender,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  rt.  b. 
of  the  Dniester,  48  m.  from  its  mouth. 


P.  10,000.  (?)  In  its  environs  is  Vamitza, 
the  retreat  of  Charles  XII.,  after  the 
disastrous  battle  of  Pultowa. 

Bendorf,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia. 
P.  2,227. 

Bendramo,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia,  on  the  sea  of  Marmora. 

Bene,  a  town  of  the  Sardinian  sta., 
Piedmont.     P.  5,687. 

Beneschau,  a  town  of  Bohemia.  P. 
1,800.  Several  vills.  in  Bohemia,  & 
Pruss.  Silesia,  have  this  name. 

Benest,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Cha- 
rente.  P.  1,480.  Here  Charlemagne 
gained  a  signal  victory  over  the  Sara- 
cens. 

Benevente,  a  seaport  town  of  Brazil, 
prov.  Espirito  Santo,  at  the  mouth  of  riv. 
Benevente  in  the  Atlantic.     P.  3,000. 

Benevento,  a  city  of  S.  Italy,  on  a 
hill  near  the  confluence  of  the  Calore  & 
Sabato.  P.  16,500.  With  its  castle  it 
occupies  the  site  of  the  anc.  town,  out  of 
the  ruins  of  which  it  was  built,  &  except 
Rome,  perhaps  no  Italian  city  can  boast 
of  so  many  remains  of  antiquity.  The 
Arch  of  Trajan,  now  the  Porta  Aurea, 
Is  still  nearly  perfect. 

Benfbld,  a  toym.  of  Erance,  dep,  Bas- 
Rhin.     P.  2,642. 

Bengal,  a  presidency  &  prov.  of  Brit- 
ish India.  It  is  by  far  the  largest  of  the 
three  presidencies  into  which  India  is 
divided.  Area,  860,204  sq.  ms.  P.  57,- 
986,156.  The  greater  proportion  of  this 
territ.  consists  of  the  immense  plain  or 
valley  of  the  Ganges.  The  eastern  divi- 
sion of  the  country  is  traversed  by  the 
Brahmaputra.  Both  these  great  rivs. 
divide  into  numerous  branches  before 
reaching  the  sea,  &  their  united  deltas 
form  a  tract  of  rich  alluvial  soil,  exceed- 
ing 30,000  sq.  m.  in  extent.  There  are 
no  inland  lakes,  but  numerous  lagoons  <fc 
marshes.  The  surface  of  the  country 
generally  exhibits  a  deep  clay  alluvium, 
interspersed  with  sandy  tracts,  with  ter- 
tiary deposits  in  some  localities.  Nitre 
is  found  in  great  quantities  in  Bahar. 
Diamonds  are  found^  in  a  conglomerate 
in  Bundelcund ;  &  gold  dust  &  silver  are 
in  some  of  the  rivers.  Coal  &  iron  are 
found  in  Sylhet  &  Burdwan.  Indigo  is 
largely  cultivated  from  Dacca  to  Delhi, 
there  being  upwards  of  400  indigo  fac- 
tories in  the  presidency.  Opium  is  a 
government  monopoly.  The  gov.  is  in- 
vested in  the  Governor-General  of  India, 
&  a  Council  of  five  mems.,  three  appoint- 
ed by  the  E.  I.  Company,  a  fourth  also 
appointed  by  the  Company,  but  not  one 
of  their  number,  &  the  fifth  the  Com- 


88 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHV. 


[ben 


mander-in-cliief.  [India.]  Numerous 
schools  for  the  natives  have  been  estab- 
lished by  government  throughout  the 
presidency,  &  colleges  at  Calcutta,  Delhi, 
Agra,  Benares,  besides  several  mission- 
ary stations  &  schools  for  the  religious 
instruction  of  the  natives.  The  Pop.  of  this 
presid.  embraces  a  great  variety  of  races, 
the  prevailing  religions  are  the  Brah- 
minical  &  Mohammedan.  The  Protes- 
tant establ.  consists  of  an  archdeacon  & 
about  forty  chaplains.  The  Roman  Cath- 
olic establ.  is  under  the  vie.  apostolic  of 
Agra,  &  a  legate  at  Calcutta. 

Bengal  (Bay  of)  a  part  of  the  In- 
dian ocean,  extending  between  Hither  & 
Further  India.,  including  the  sea  from 
Cape  Negrais  on  the  E.  to  the  delta  of 
the  Godavery  on  the  W.  Its  chief  affls. 
are  the  Ganges,  including  the  Brahma- 
putra, &  the  Godavery. 

Bengazi,  a  marit.  town  of  N.  Africa, 
Barca,  on  the  gulf  of  Sidra.  P.  2.500. 
It  has  a  castle,  the  residence  of  a  bey-; 
&  some  trade  with  Barbary  &  Malta. 

Bengore  Head,  a  promontory  on  the 
N.  coast  of  Ireland,  co.  Antrim. — JBen- 
gower,  a  mntn.  of  the  Binabola  group, 
CO.  Gal  way.     Elev.  2,336  feet. 

Benguela,  a  marit.  country  of  W. 
Africa.,  nominally  claimed  by  Portugal. 
Surface  mountainous,  &  rises  progres- 
sively inland  by  a  series  of  terraces. 
Principal  rivs.  have  all  a  W.  course. 
The  climate  is  very  unhealthy,  &  fever 
is  prevalent. 

Benguela  (Nev/,  or  St.  Philip  de), 
a  seaport  town,  &  the  Portuguese  cap. 
of  above  country,  with  a  noble  harbor  on 
the  Atlantic,  near  the  river  Catumbella. 
P.  3,000.  Its  principal  inhabs.  are  slave 
dealers,  &  their  iniquitous  trade  is  so 
flourishing  that,  in  1838,  nearly  20,000 
slaves  were  exported. 

Ben-Hope,  a  mountain  range  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  Sutherland.  Elevation  3,l50 
feet. 

Beni,  a  riv.  of  S.  America,  Bolivia, 
formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Chuqueapo 
&  Mapiri.  It  flows  mostly  N.-ward 
through  the  dep.  Santa  Cruz-de-la-Sierra. 
L.  2,000  m. 

Beni  Adin,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt, 
on  the  border  of  the  Libyan  Desert.  It 
is  a  place  of  rendezvous  for  the  caravans 
entering  Egypt  from  Darfur. 

Benicarlo,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain, 
on  the  Mediterr.     P.  6,160. 

Benicia,  one  ef  the  flourishing  towns 
which  have  sprung  up  in  California,  since 
its  conquest  by  the  United  States. 

Benidorm,  a  town  of  Spain,  near  the 


Mediterranean.  P.  4,502.  Near  the 
coast  there  is  an  island  of  same  name. 

Beniganim,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Valencia.     P.  3,257. 

Beni-Hassan,  a  vill.  of  Central  Egypt, 
on  rt.  b.  of  the  Nile.  In  its  environs  are 
numerous  sculptured  grottoes. 

Benin,  a  marit.  kgdm.  of  W.  Africa. 
Area,  50,000  (7)  sq.  m.  Surface  rises 
progressively  inland  to  the  height  of 
2,500  ft. ;  it  is  well  watered,  &  extremely 
fertile.  Principal  rivers,  the  branches 
of  the  Niger  (Quorra)  at  its  delta. 

Benin,  a  town  of  W.  Africa.,  cap.  above 
state,  on  the  Benin  riv.     P.  15,000. 

Benin,  a  riv.  of  W.  Africa,  being  the 
W.  arm  of  the  Niger  at  its  delta. 

Benin  (Bight  of),  the  northern  por- 
tion of  the  gulf  of  Guinea,  between  the 
slave  coast  &  the  Calabar  river.  The 
coast  is  iron-bound. 

Beninguet,  a  small  i,sl.  off  the  N.W. 
coast  of  France,  dep.  Finist^re. 

Benisa,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Ali- 
cante near  the  Mediter.     P.  3,678. 

Beni-Sabih,  a  town  of  Morocco,  on 
the  Drah,  E.  of  Mt.  Atlas  ;  said  to  be 
populous,  &  to  have  an  active  trade  in 
goat-skins. 

Beni-Souef,  a  town  of  Central  Egypt, 
on  rt.b.  of  the  Nile.  P.  5,000.  It  is  the 
entrepot  for  the  produce  of  the  rich  val- 
ley of  Fayoum,  &  has  cotton  mills,  & 
alabaster  quarries. 

Benkah,  a  vill.  of  Bootan,  on  a  nearly 
inaccessible  rock,  3,100  ft.  above  the  sea. 

Benlawers,  a  mntn.  of  Scotland,  on 
the  W.  side  of  Loch  Tay.  3,945  feet  in 
elevation. 

Bbnledi,  a  mntn.  of  Scotland,  co. 
Perth,  2,863  ft.  in  height.  Its  scenery 
has  been  immortalized  by  Sir  "VY.  Scott, 
in  the  "  Lady  of  the  Lake." 

Ben-Lomond,  a  famous  mntn.  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  Stirling-.  Height,  3.190  ft.  On 
the  N.  this  mntn.  terminates  by  an  ab- 
rupt precipice  2,000  ft.  in  height;  on  its 

W.  side  is  Loch  Lomond. II.  a  mntn. 

of  Tasmania  (Van  Diemen's  Land),  about 
25  m.  E.  of  Launceston,  elev.  of  5,002  ft. 

Ben-Macdhui,  the  summit  of  a  lofty 
mntn.  range  in  Scotland,  co.  Aberdeen. 
Height,  4,305  feet. 

Ben-More,  a  mntn.  of  Scotland,  Heb- 
rides. Height,  3,097  ft. II.  {or  Fair- 
head),  a  promont.  on  the  Irish  coast,  co. 
Antrim,  consists  of  a  columnar  basaltic 
rock,  rising  abruptly  to  636  feet  above 
the  sea. 

Bennebeola  (Twelve  Pins  of),  a 
group  of  mountains  in  Ireland,  co.  Gal- 
way,  their  loftiest  summits  being  Ben- 


ber] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


89 


corr,  2,336  feet,  &  Benbaun,  2,395  ft., 
above  the  sea. 

Benneckenstein,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony.     P.  3,614. 

Bennetsville,  p-v.,  cap.  Marlebor- 
ough.     District  of  S.  C. 

Ben-Nevis,  a  famous  mountain  of 
Scotland,  &  the  loftiest  in  Britain,  co.  In- 
verness, elev.,  4,368  ft.  Circutnf.  at  base, 
24  m.     On  its  N.E.  side  it  terminates  by 

a  precipice  1,500  ft.  in  height. II.  a 

mouTitain  of  Tasmania  (Van  Diemen's 
Land).     Height,  3,910  ft. 

Bennington,  co.  of  Vermont,  in  the 
S.AV.  corner  of  the  state.  Maple  sugar, 
to  the  amount  of  near  200,000  lbs.  is 
manufactured.     P.  18,589  ;  the  caps,  are 

Bennington  &  Manchester. II.  p-v., 

semi-cap.  of  Bennington  co.  Vermont.  In 
this  place  the  British  were  defeated  by 
G-enl.  Stark  in  August,  1777.  One  week- 
ly newspaper.     P.   3,923. III.   p-t., 

Wvoming  co.  N.  Y.  Soil  fertile.  P. 
2,368. IV.  t.,  Shiawassee  co.  Mich. 

Bennisch,  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia. 
P.  2,686. 

Bennshausen,  a  vill.  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, Erfurt,  cir.  Schleusingen,  with  iron 
forges.     P.  1,775. 

Benoit  (St.),  a  town  of  the  Island 
Bourbon.     P.  11,376. 

Benoit  (St.),  several  comms.  &  vills. 

of  France. 1,  de  Leyssieu,  dep.  Ain, 

Belley.  P.  1,221. II.  du  Sault,  a  town, 

dep.  indre.   P.  1,243. III.  Sur  Loire, 

arrond.  Gien.    P.  1,540. 

Benoob,  Omphis,  a  vill.  of  Lower 
Egypt,  on  the  E.  arm  of  the  Nile. 

Benowm,  a  town  of  Soudan,  near  the 
border  of  Senegambia,&  a  principal  cara- 
van station  on  the  route  from  the  Senegal 
to  Timbuctoo. 

Bectsalen,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.    P.  1,731. 

Bensheim,  an  old  fortfd.  town  of  H.- 
Darmstadt, on  the  Bergstrasse.  P.  4,000. 

Benson,  p-t.,  Rutland  co.  Vt.  on  Lake 
Champlain.     P.  1,703. 

Bentheim,  a  town  of  Hanover,  on  the 
Dutch  frontier.  P.  1,972.  It  is  the  seat 
of  royal  &  manorial  courts ;  &  has  manu- 
factures of  linen  cloths  &  parchment,  with 
stone  quarries,  &  sulphur  baths. 

Bentinck  Island,  a  low,  wooded  isl. 
in  the  gulf  of  Carpentaria,  10  m.  from 
the  mainland  of  North  Australia.  Lat. 
17°  S.;  Ion.  139°  40' E. 

Benton,  county,  Alabama,  is  watered 
by  a  branch  of  Coosa  r.  &  by  Tallapoosa 

•r.     P.   17,163. II.  county,  Tenn.  W. 

part  of  the  state  on  the  Tenn.  river.     P. 

6,315. III.  county,  Mo.  in  the  S.W. 

part  of  the  state.    P.  5,015.     Cap.  War- 


saw.  IV.  CO.  Ark.  in  the  S.W.  part  of 

the  state,  drained  by  White  river  &  head 
branches  of   Illinois.      P.    3,710.      Cap. 

Bentonville. V.  eo.  Florida.     P.  926. 

VI.  CO.  Iowa.     P.  672. VII.  co. 

Indiana.     P.  1,144. VIII.  co.  Oregon. 

terr.     P.  814. =IX.  co.  Minnesota  terr. 

P.  418.: X.  p-t.,  Yates  co.  N.  Y.    It 

has   considerable  water   power   &   soma 

manufactories.      P.  3,911. XI.    p-v., 

Lumpkin  co.  Ga. XII.  t.  Hocking  co. 

0. XIII.  cap.  Scott  CO.  Mo. XIV. 

cap.  Yazoo  co.  Miss. XV.  six  towns 

in  Mo. 

Bentonville,  cap.  of  Polk  co.  Tenn. 

Ben-Wyvis,  a  mountain  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Ross,  height,  2,720  feet. 

Benzerta  (Lakes  of),  N.  Africa,  dom. 
Tunis.  The  N.  &  larger,  5  J  m.  in  length, 
&  salt ;  &  the  smaller,  3J  m.  in  length, 
turbid  &  fresh.  They  are  the  principal 
sources  whence  Tunis  is  supplied  with 
fish,  &  are  let  at  an  annual  rent  of  nearly 
4,0001. 

Beodra,  a  town  &  post  sta.  of  Hungary, 
Banat,  Temeswar.     P.  3,120. 

BEauiA,  the  most  N.  of  the  Grenadines, 
West  India  isls. 

Bebat,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Albania,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Ergent,  here 
crossed  by  abridge  of  8  arches.  P.  10,000. 
It  consists  of  an  upper  town  or  citadel, 
containing  the  vizier's  palace,  several 
Greek  churches,  &  250  houses ;  &  the 
lower  town,  mostly  inhabited  by  Turks, 
with  numerous  mosques,  &  a  good  bazaar. 

Beraun,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  tha 
Beraun  river.     P.  2,200. 

Beebeba,  a  seaport  station,  E.  Africa, 
Somauli,  on  a  deep  bay  of  the  gulf  of 
Aden.  A  large  annual  fair  is  held  here 
from  October  to  April,  at  which  from 
10,000  to  20,000  persons  assemble. 

Berbice,  the  most  W.  district  of  Brit- 
ish Guiana,  extending  along  the  coast,  & 
up  the  Berbice  river.  P.  22,370,  of  whom 
670  are  whites.  Principal  prod.,  sugar, 
coflFee,  &  cotton. 

Behchem,  a  town  of  Belgium,  on  the 

Scheldt.     P.  2,342. II.  a  vill.,  prov. 

Antwerp.     P.  2,729. III.  a  vill.  of  the 

Netherlands,  prov.  N.  Brabant.    P.  1,841. 

Beeching,  a  small  town  of  Bavaria. 
P.  1,354. 

Berchtesgaden,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
circ.  Upper  Bavaria,  with  1,800  inhabs. 
In  the  royal  salt  mines  in  its  vicinity  200 
miners  are  employed,  &  the  annual  pro- 
duce is  16,000  cwt.  of  rock  salt. 

Berck^Sur-Mer,  a  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Pa3j4e  Calais,  on  the  English  chan- 
nel.    P.  2,100. 


90 


CYCLOPEDIA  OF  GEOGEAPHY. 


[bbb 


Bercy,  a  vill.  of  France,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Seine.  P.  8,641.  It  is  an  entreput  of 
articles  for  consumption  in  Paris,  espe- 
cially wine  &  brandy. 

Berba,  p-v.,  Cayuga  co.  0.  A  manual 
labor  seminary  here. 

Beregh,  a  county  of  Upper  Hungary, 
tbig  side  the  Theiss.     P.  121,500.     Chf. 

towns,  Bereghszasz  &  Munkacs. II.  a 

town  in  above  co.     P.  1,750. 

Bereghszasz,  a  town  of  E.  Ilungary, 
CO,  Beregh.     P.  3,560. 

Bereguaedo,  a  vill.  of  Lombardy. 
*  Berenice,  a  ruined  city  of  Egj'pt,  on 
a  bay  in  the  E-ed  sea.    It  has  the  remains 
of  a  temple  of  Scrapis. 

Bereny  (Jaz),  a  town  of  Hungary,  on 
the  Zagyva. 

Beresina,  a  river  of  Russia,  gov. 
Minsk.  Length,  200  m.  It  is  connected 
with  the  Diina  by  a  canal,  which  thus 
establishes  a  communication  between  the 
Baltic  &  Black  seas.  This  river  is  mem- 
orable for  the  disastrous  passage  of  the 
French  army  during  Napoleon's  retreat 
from  Moscow  in  1812. 

Berezna,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the 
Desna.    P.  5,500. 

Berezov,  a  town  of  Siberia,  gov.  To- 
bolsk, on  1.  b.  of  the  Sosva.  It  is  impor- 
tant as  the  sole  trading  station  throughout 
a  wide  extent  of  country. II.  a  gold- 
mining  village  of  Asiatic  Russia,  gov. 
Perm. 

Berga,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Barce- 
lona.    P.  6,333-. 

Bergama,  a  ruined  city  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia.  It  has  extensive  remains  of 
a  palace,  an  amphitheatre,  triumphal 
arches,  &  bridges. 

Bergamo,  a  city  of  Lombardy.  P.. 
30,504.  It  is  one  of  the  most  picturesque 
cities  in  N.  Italy.  It  has  a  college, 
athenaeum,  academy  of  the  fine  arts,  a 
public  library,  a  military  asylum,  with 
extensive  manufs.  of  silk,  woollen,  cotton, 
&  linen  fabrics,  silk  twist,  &  iron  goods. 
The  largest  fair  in  N.  Italy  is  held  here 
annually  in  August,  the  aggregate  sales 
at  which  sometimes  amount  to  1.200,000/. 
Bergantino,  a  town  of  N.  Italy.  P. 
3,000. 

Bergedorf,  a  town  of  N.  Germany, 
belonging  jointly  to  Hamburg  &  Lubeck. 
P.  2,151. 

Bergen,  a  city  and  seaport  of  Norway, 
cap.  prov.,  on  a  penins.  at  the  end  of  a 
deep  bay,  on  the  Atlantic.  P.  25,611. 
It  is  well-built  &  picturesque  :  it  rises  in 
the  form  of  an  amphitheatre,  &  has  a 
cathedral,  several  other  churcj|^s,  hos- 
pitals, charitable  institution,  a  theatre; 


national  museum,  diocesan  college,  naval  w 
academy,  &  other  schools,  &  5  public 
libraries.  It  is  the  station  of  a  naval 
squadron.  Its  harbor,  deep  &  shel- 
tered, but  rocky,  is  defended  by  several 
forts  ;  which,  with  the  town-walls,  mount 
about  100  guns.  Manufs.  of  earthenware, 
tobacco,  &  cordage  ;  distilling  and  ship- 
building are  carried  on ;  the  fishery  is, 
however,  the  principal  source  of  employ- 
ment. The  foreign  trade  is  mostly  with 
the  countries  of  N.  Europe.  Principal 
imports,  corn,  brandy,  &  wines,  cotton  & 
woollen  manufs.,  colonial  prod.,  &  hemp ; 
exports,  dried  &  salted  fish,-  lobsters,  oil, 
horns,  iron,  rock-moss,  skins  &  timber. 

II.  CO.  N.  J.,  in  the  N.B.  part  of  the 

state,  by  Haokensack  &  Saddle  rs.  The 
palisades  on  Hudson  riv.  lie  in  this  co. 

P.  14,725.  Cap.  Hackensack. III.  p-t. 

Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  on  Black  creek. ^IV. 

p-t.  and  cap.  Hudson  co.  N.  J.,  settled  in 
1616,  by  Danes,  who  came  over  with  the 
Hollanders.     Some  manufs.     P.  5,225. 

Bergen,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pomera- 
nia,  near  the  centre  of  the  isl.  Riigen,  of 

which  it  is  cap.     P.  3,024. II.  a  town 

of  the  Netherlands,  prov.  Limburg,  on 
r.  b.  of  the  Maas.  P.  3,442.  This  is  the 
name  of  several  vills.  in  Germany. 

Bergen-op-Zoom,  a  strongly  fortfd. 
town  of  the  Netherlands,  on  the  Zoom. 
P.  7,451.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  2  arse- 
nals, a  town-house,  a  Latin  school,,  a 
school  of  architecture,  manufs.  of  earth- 
enwares, &  a  considerable  trade  in  an- 
chovies. It  was  long  styled  the  "maiden" 
on  account  of  the  numerous  sieges  it  had 
sustained,  especially  by  the  Spaniards  in 
1588  &  1622.  It  was  taken  by  the 
French  in  1747  &  in  1794,  &  defended  by 
them  against  the  English  in  1814. 

Bergerac,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  & 
on  r.  b.  of'the  Dordogne,  here  crossed  by 
a  noble  bridge  of  five  arches.  P.  6,805. 
It  has  a  comni.  college  &  public  library, 
tribunal  of  commerce ;  &  manufs.  of  pa- 
per, iron.  &  copper  wares,  serges,  &  ho- 
siery. It  was  taken  by  the  English  in 
1345,  retaken  in  1370.  Its  fortifs.  were 
razed  by  Louis  XIII.  in  1621. 

Bergeijk,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands. 
P.  1,761. 

Berghetm,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  H. 
Rhin.     P.  3,663. 

Bergreichenstein,  a  town  of  Bohe- 
mia. P.  4.100.  Its  once  productive  gold 
mines  are  now  nearly  abandoned. 

Bergstadt,  a  town  of  MOravia.  P. 
1,320  ;  with  iron  mines  ;  its  silver  mines 
have  been  occasionally  worked  since 
1437. 


ber] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


91 


Bergues,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Nord. 
P.  5,827.  It  has  a  comm.  college,  hos- 
pital, &  public  library  ;  with  distilleries, 
salt  &  sugar  refineries,  manufs.  of  soap, 
tobacco,  &  earthenware,  &  considerable 
commerce. 

Bergum,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Friesland,  on  the  Bergum  -lake. 
P.  2,028. 

Bergzabern,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Ba- 
varia.    P.  2,565. 

Berhampoor,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  on  the  Bhagirathi  riv. 

Beringen,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland.  P. 
1,417. 

Berislav,  a  town  of  S.  Russia,  on  rt. 
b.  of  the  Dnieper,  here  crossed  by  a 
floating  bridge.     Trade  with  the  Crimea. 

Berja,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Almeria. 
P.  9,840.  It  is  the  centre  of  extens.  lead 
mines,  of  which  several  hundreds  are 
opened  in  the  mntn. 

Berka,  two  vills.  of  Cent.  Germany, 

duchy  Saxe- Weimar. 1,  on  the  Ilm. 

P.  1,228.   Ruined  castle,  &  sulphur  baths. 
II.  on  the  Werra.    P.  1,180. 

Berkeley,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Glo'ster,  near  the  Severn.  Has  a  hand- 
some church,  which  is  the  burial-place  of 
the  celebrated  Dr.  Jenner ;  a  grammar- 
school,  founded  1696.— Berkeley  Castle  is 
regarded  as  one  of  the  most  perfect 
feudal  structures  in  the  kingdom.  The 
apartment  is  still  shown  in  which  Ed- 
ward II.  was  murdered,  a.d.  1327. 

Berkeley  Sound,  the  most  frequented 
inlet  of  the  E.  Falkland  isl.  in  the  At- 
lantic. It  is  of  difficult  entrance,  but 
contains  several  good  harbors. 

Berkley,  p-t.,  Bristol  co.  Mass.     P. 

886. II.  county,  Va.,  in  the  N.E.  part 

of  the  state,  on  the  Potomac.     P.  11,771. 
Cap.  Martinsburg. 

Berkley  Springs,  Morgan  co.  Va.,  a 
fashionable  place  of  resort. 

Berks,  county,  Penn.,  in  the  S.E.  part 
of  the  state,  traversed  by  Schuylkill  riv. 
P.  77,129.     Cap.  Reading. 

Berkshire,  county,  Mass.,  the  most 
W.in  the  state.  The  Green  mntn.  range, 
which  is  here  about  1,200  high  on  an 
average,  passes  through  it.  The  head 
branches  of  the  Housatonie  &  Hoosaek 
rivs.,  which  drain  the  co.,  afford  valuable 
water  power.  It  has  a  gocd  white  mar- 
ble, &  iron  ore.  P.  49,592.  Cap.  Lennox. 

II.  p-t.,  Franklin  co.  Vt.,  watered 

by  Misisque  riv.  &  its  branches.     It  has 

good  water  power.  P  1,818. III.  p-t., 

Tioga  CO.    N.Y. IV.   p-t.,  Delaware 

CO.  0. ;  one  of  the  richest  townships  in 
the  CO.    P.  1,417. V.  an  inland  co.  of 


England.  P.  199,154.  Surface  beauti- 
fully varied,  &  generally  well  wooded. 
The  Thames  forms  all  its  N.  boundary  ; 
other  principal  rivers  are  its  affls.  the 
Kennet  &  Loddon.  A  tract  of  downs  ex- 
tends through  its  centre  ;  its  S.E.  &  B. 
parts  are  occupied  by  Windsor  forest  & 
park.  About  260,000  acres  are  estim.to 
be  under  tillage  ;  72,000  do.  in  pastures  ; 
&  30,000  do.  waste.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Agriculture  is  rather  backward.  Manufs. 
unimportant. 

Berlaer,  a  vill.   of  Belgium,  prov. 
Antwferp.     P.  2,925. 
Berlanga,  two  small  towns  of  Spain. 

1,  in  the  prov.  of  Soria.     P.  1,692. 

II.  in  the  prov.  Badajos.     P.  4,128. 

Berleburg,  a  town  of  Prussian-West- 
phalia. P.  2,152.  It  has  a  castle,  the 
residence  of  its  princes. 

Berlengas,  a  group  of  small  rocky 
isls.  off  the  W.  coast  of  Portugal,  prov. 
Estremadura. 

Berlikum,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands. 

P.  2,222. II.   another  vill.  of   same 

name,  prov.  W.  Friesland.     P.  1,220. 

Berlin,  town,  Oxford  co.  Me. II. 

p.-t.,   Washington  co.   Vt.     It  has  good 

water  power.      P.    1,598. III.    p-t., 

Hartford  co.  Conn.  It  has  extensive 
manufs.  of  tin-ware.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
One  acad.  P.  3,411. IV.  p-t.,  Rens- 
selaer CO.  N.  Y.     The  village  is  on  Little 

Hoosick  creek.     P.    1,794. V.   p-t., 

Holmes  eo.  0.,  in  the  E.  part  of  the  co. 

P.  1,199. VI.  t.,  Erie  co.  0.    P.  1,628. 

VII.  t.,  Knox  CO.  0.     P.  1,091. 

VIII.  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.  0.,  on  Mahoning 

cr.     P.  1,283. IX.  an  important  city 

of  Germany,  cap.  of  the  Prussian  mon- 
archy, &  of  the  prov.  Brandenburg.  P. 
in  1852,  including  garrison,  430,500.  It 
is  built  in  a  sandy  plain,  oh  both  banks 
of  the  Spree,  &  is  one  of  the  finest  &  most 
handsomely  constructed  cities  in  Europe, 
the  city  is  surrounded  by  a  wall  16  feet 
high,  &  is  entered  by  16  gates,  one  of 
which,  the  Brandenburg  gate  on  its  W., 
is  a  colossal  structure,  surmounted  by  a 
victory,  in  a  car  drawn  by  4  horses,  & 
one  of  the  most  elegant  of  the  kind  in 
Europe.  It  was  carried  to  Paris  in  1807, 
&  restored  in  1814.  Of  the  40  bridges 
which  cross  the  Spree  &  its  branches,  the 
principal  are  the  long  bridge,  with  an 
equest.  statue  of  the  great  elector  Frede- 
rick William;  the  Schlossbriicke,  with 
groups  of  heroes  in  marble.  Berlin  is 
the  great  centre  of  instruction  &  intel- 
lectual development  in  Northern  Ger-  * 
many ;  its  educational  estabs.  are  nume- 
rous   &    celebrated.      The    university, 


92 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[^ 


founded  in  1809,  &  comprising  schools  of 
jurisprudence,  medicine,  &  philosophy, 
had,  in  1843-4,  1,656  students.  There 
are  6  gj'mnasia,  2  Protestant  theol. 
seminaries,  a  milit.  school,  schools  of  ar- 
tillery, military  engineering,  architec- 
ture, sculpture,  painting,  &  music ;  a 
preparatory  school  of  music,  &  many 
elementary  schools.  It  has  extens.  pub- 
lic libraries,  among  which  the  royal 
library,  founded  in  1650,  has  600,000 
printed  vols.  &  500  MSS.  Among  its 
valuable  collections  are  royal  museums 
of  painting,  sculpture,  antiquities,  coins, 
&  medals,  a  museum  of  nat.  history,  a 
royal  astronom.  &  magnet,  observatory, 
&  a  royal  botanic  garden,  one  of  the 
richest  &  most  complete  in  Europe. 
Berlin  is  the  first  city  in  Germany  for 
the  variety  &  importiince  of  its  manuf. 
products.  Origin  of  the  city  dates  from 
the  13th  century. 

Berlinchen,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov. 
Brandenburg.     P.  3,620. 

Behmeo,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  on 
the  bay  of  Biscay.     P.  3,625. 

Bermuda,  The  Bermudas,  a  group 
of  about  300  small  isls.  belonging  to  Gt. 
Britain,  in  the  Atlantic.  Area,  about 
20  sq.  m.  P.  12,930.  Surface  mostly  low 
&  composed  of  a  shelly  coralline  rock. 
Many  rocky  reefs  surround  the  Bermudas, 
which  are  visited  by  severe  gales  in  win- 
ter ;  but  among  the  isls.  are  severjil  good 
anchorages.  Climate  mild  &  salubrious. 
It  is  the  great  convict  station.  Gov. 
vested  in  a  governor,  a  council  of  8  mems., 
&  an  assembly  of  36  mems.,  4  being  re- 
turned by  each  pa.  The  princip.  isls.  are 
St.  George,  Ireland,  St.  David,  Somerset, 
Paget,  Longbend,  &  Smith's.  This  group 
of  isls.  was  discovered  in  1522  by  Ber- 
mudez,  a  Spaniard ;  Sir  G.  Somers  was 
wrecked  here  in  1609,  &  soon  after  this 
they  were  colonized  from  Virginia  &  Engl. 

Bern,  or  Berne  (Canton),  a  state  of 
central  Europe,  one  of  the  three  govern- 
ing cantons  of  the  Swiss  confederation. 
P.  407,913,  the  greater  part  of  whom  are 
protestants.  The  country  is  very  moun- 
tainous, comprising,  in  the  S.,  many  of  the 
highest  points  of  the  Alps.  The  N.  part 
of  the  cant,  is  covered  b}'  the  Jura  mntns., 
the  two  regions  being  separated  by  the 
valley  of  the  Aar.  Nearly  the  whole 
territory  belongs  to  the  basin  of  the  Rhine, 
&  is  drained  by  the  Aar  &  its  tributaries. 
Climate  healthy  ;  excessively  cold  in  the 
region  of  the  Alps,  where  the  perpetual 
snow  forms  the  most  extensive  glaciers 
in  Switzerland,  but  mild  at  the  foot  of 
the  Jura,  &  in  the  valley  of  Interlacken. 


The  canton  has  mines  of  iron,  lead  &  cop- 
per, marble  &  gypsum  quarries.  Iron  is 
worked  extensively  in  the  Jura.  Among 
the  many  mineral  springs,  those  of  Weis- 
senburg,  Blumenstein,  Frutigen,  &  Gur- 
nigel,  are  most  frequented. 

Bern,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  cap.  cant, 
of  same  name,  on  a  small  peninsula 
formed  by  the  Aar,  here  crossed  by  two 
stone  bridges,  one  of  which,  opened  1844, 
is  900  ft.  in  length.  Elev.  (of  observ.) 
1856  ft.  P.  22,422.  Bern  is  the  seat  of 
the  federal  diet,  alternately  with  Zurich 
&  Lucern.  It  is  the  finest  town  in  Swit- 
zerland, &  one  of  the  most  handsome  in 
Europe.  Bern  was  surrounded  by  walls 
in  1191,  declared  a  free  city  in  1218,  & 
admitted  into  the  Swiss  confederation  in 
1352.  Bears  have  for  many  centuries 
been  maintained  here  at  the  public  ex- 
pense, &  the  effigy  of  Bruin  is  a  favorite 
emblem  on  coins  &  fountains  of  the  canton. 

Bernalillo,  a  co.  of  New  Mexico.  P. 
7;751. 

Bernard  (Great  St.),  a  remarkable 
mntn.  pass  in  the  chain  of  the  Alps,  betw. 
Piedmont  &  the  Valaie.  It  owes  its  mod. 
nameio  the  great  celebrity  of  the  hospice, 
said  to  have  been  founded  by  Bernard  de 
Menthon,  in  862,  for  the  succor  of  travel- 
lers, who  have  been  assisted  to  the  num- 
ber of  600  in  one  day.  The  hospice,  a 
strong  stone  building,  is  situated  on  a 
summit  of  the  pass  at  an  elevation  of 
8,150  ft.  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It 
is  the  highest  habitation  in  the  Alps. 
During  the  whole  year,  the  philanthropic 
inmates,  monks  of  the  order  of  St.  Augus- 
tine, with  their  valuable  dogs,  hold  them- 
selves in  readiness  to  assist  travellers 
arrested  by  the  snow,  which  in  winter 
accumulates  to  the  depth  of  from  10  to 
40  ft.  In  the  chapel  is  a  monument  to 
General  Desaix,  erected  by  Napoleon  in 
1805.  This  gorge,  which  was  traversed 
by  Roman  armies,  by  Charlemagne,  & 
by  Frederic  Barbarossa,  is  chiefly  celeb, 
for  the  passage  of  Bonaparte  at  the  head 
of  the  French  army  of  30,000  men,  with 
cavalry  &  artillery,  15th  to  21st  May, 

1800. Little  St.  Bernard,  is   a  mntn. 

of  the  Graian  Alps,  S.  of  Mont  Blanc, 
elev.  of  convent,  7,076  ft. 

Bernard,  t.,  Somerset  co.  N.  J.  P. 
2,059. 

Bernardino  (St.),  a  vill.  of  Switzer., 
cant.  Grisons,  in  the  valley  of  Misocco, 
with  mineral  springs. 

Bernardston,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.  Mass. 
betw.  Fall  &  Conn.  riv.     P.  992. 

Bernau,  a  t.  of  Prussia,  prov.  Bran- 
denburg, on  Stettin  railw.    P.  3,640. 


ber] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


93 


II.  a  t.  of  Baden,  circ.  Upp.  Rhine.     P. 
1,600. — Also  several  villages  in  Germany. 

Bernay,  a  town  of  France,  dap.  Eure, 
on  the  Charentonne.  P.  5,490.  It  has  a 
comm.  coll.,  &  manufs.  of  woollen  cloths, 
linens  &  yarn  :  it  is  the  largest  horse  fair 
in  France,  frequented  by  40,000  persons. 

Bernburg,  a  town  of  N.  Germany, 
cap.  duchy  Anhalt-Bernburg,  on  the 
Saale,  here  crossed  by  a  massive  bridge. 
P.  6,772.  It  consists  of  an  old  &  a  new 
■town,  both  enclosed  by  walls,  &,  has  a  ducal 
castle.  Manufs.  porceln.,  paper,  &  starch. 

Berne,  p-t.,  Albany  co.  N.  Y.  Here 
the  Helderberg  hills  rise  precipitously 
from  100  to  500  ft.  It  has  22  saw-mills. 
P.  3,740.     The  land  belongs  to  the  Van 

Kensselaer  Manor. II.  t.,  Athens  co. 

0.   P.  381. III.  t.,  Fairfield  CO.  0.    P. 

2,419. IV.  t.,  Berks  eo.  Penn.     Wa- 
tered by  Schuylkill  riv.     P.  3, 149. V. 

a  town  of  N.  Germany,  duchy,  E.  Olden- 
burg.    P.  3,725. 

Berneck,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ.  Up. 
Franconia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Oelsnitz. 

P.  1,042.     Pearl-fishery  in  the  riv. 

Also  y'AlW.  in  Bavaria,  Austria,  &  WUr- 
temberg. 

Berneck,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  with 
1,300  inhabs. 
.  Bernera,  3  i-ls.  of  the  Hebrides. 

Bernese  Oberland,  Switzerland. 

BernieJ!,  a  small  island,  W.  Australia. 

Bernina,  a  mntn.  of  the  Rhastian  Alps, 
S.witzerland,  remarkable  for  its  extens. 
glacier. 

Bernkastel,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, situated  beneath  a  ruined  fortress 
on  the  Moselle.     P.  2,100. 

Beenstadt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia. 
P.  3,600.    It  has  a  ducal  castle,  &  inanufs. 

of  woollen  &  linen  fabrics. II.  a  town 

of  Saxony.     P.  1,650. III.  a  vill.  of 

Wiirtemberg,  circ.  Danube. 

Bernstein,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov. 

Brandenburg.     P.  1,650. II.  a  town, 

W.  Hungary,  co.  Eisenburg.     P.  1,200. 

Beronda,  a  petty  state  of  Ilindostan, 
Bundeleund.    P.  24,000. 

Berravol,  an  indep.  territory  &  town 
of  N.  Afghanistan. 

Bebre,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Bou- 
ches-du-RhGne.     P.  1,871. 

Berre  (Etang  de),  a  vast  lagoon  of 
France,  dep.  B.-du-RhOne. 

Berriedale.  an  extensive  raarit.  pa. 
of  Scotland,  co.  Caithness.     P.  1,264. 
,  Berrien,  co.  Michigan,  in  the  S.W. 
corner  of  the  state,  is  'drained  by  St.  Jo- 
.seph's.  Pawpaw,  &  Gali^re  rs.     P.  11,417. 

Cap.  St.  Joseph. II.  town,  Berrien  eo. 

Michigan.     P.  543. 


Berriew,  a  pa.  of  N.  "Wales,  co.  Mont- 
gomery.    P.  2,259. 

Berry  (Canal  de),  a  canal  of  France, 
connects  the  waters  of  the  Loire  with  the 
canal  of  Digoin. 

Bersham,  a  township  of  N.  Wales,  co. 
Denbigh.     P.  1,716. 

Bersrand  de  Comminges  (St.),  a 
town  of  France,  dep.  H.  Garonne.  P. 
909.  It  was  founded  in  1100.  In  it  are 
quarries  of  fine  marble. 

Berthelsdorf,  a  vill.  of  Saxony,  the 
seat  of  the  central  conference  of  the  sect 
of  Herrenhuter  Christians. 

Bertholdsdorf,  a  town  of  Austria, 
Lower  Ens,  near  the  railwayfrom  Vienna 
to  Triest.     P.  2,226. 

Berthoud,  a  vill.,  Switzerland.  [Burg- 

DORF.] 

Bertie,  eo.  N.  C,  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
the  state,  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Roan- 
oke riv.,  contains  1,000  sq.  m.  P.  12,851. 
Cap.  Windsor. 

Bertignat,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Puy-de-Dume.     P.  3,035. 

Bertincourt,  a  vill  of  France,  dep. 
Pas-de-Calais.     P.  1,527. 

Bertinoro,  a  town  of  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.,  celebrated  for  its  wines.    P.  4,780. 

Bertrand,  town,  Berrien  co.  Mich. 
Some  manufactures.     P.  1,298. 

Bertrich,  a  vill.  of  Rhen.  Pruss.,  in  a 
romantic  glen,  with  mineral  baths,  known 
since  the  time  of  the  Romans. 

Bertry,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Nor''.. 
P.  2,273. 

Bervie,  a  pari,  bor.,  seaport  &  pa.  of 
Scotland,  co.  Kincardine,  on  the  N.  sea. 
The  town  near  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Bervie,  the  harbor  at  Gourdon,  1  m.  S. 
Bervie  has  linen  manufs.  &  an  active 
trade  in  corn. 

Berwick,  p-v.,  Columbia  co.  Penn. 
There  is  a  bridge  here  over  the  Susque- 
hanna river,  1,260  feet  long. II.  town, 

York  CO.  Maine,-  on  Salmon  fall.  Con- 
siderable trade  in  lumber.  Vill.  at  the 
falls  on  the  riv.  is  called  South  Berwick. 

P.  1,698. III.  town,  Adams  co.  Penn. 

P.  1,462. 

Berwick  (North),  a  pari.  bor.  seaport 
of  Scotland,  co.  Haddington,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Firth  of  Forth.  It  has  a  shallow 
harbor,  but  an  active  trade  in  corn ;  and 
it  is  frequented  as  a  bathing- place. 

Berwick-on-Tweed,  a  seaport,  munic. 
&  pari.  bor.  of  England,  co.  Northumber- 
land, on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Tweed.  P. 
of  pari,  borough,  12,578.  The  town  is 
surrounded  by  a  wall  &  fortifications.  It 
is  connected  with  its  suburbs,  Tweed- 
mouth  &  Spittal,  by  a  stone  bridge  of 


94 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bet 


15  arches,  built  in  the  reign  of  Charles  I. 
It  has  an  indifferent  harbor,  sheltered  by 
a  long  pier. 

Berwickshiee,  a  co.  of  Scotland,  on 
the  coast  of  German  ocean.  The  princip. 
division  was  formerly  called  the  Merse 
(March  or  border  dist.).  P.  36,287.  The 
barren  Lammermoor  hills  are  in  the  N. 
part.  Principal  rivers,  Tweed,  Eye,  & 
Leader. 

Besancon,  a  city  of  France,  cap.  dep. 
Doubs,  on  the  Doubs,.  &  on  the  canal  of 
the  Rhone  &  Rhine.  P.  27,854.'  It  is 
well  built,  though  the  houses  are  old,  & 
the  streets  gloomy ;  its  citadel,  on  an 
elevated  rock,  is  considered  impregnable. 
Chief  edifices,  a  Gothic  cathedral,  court- 
house, town-hall,  royal  college,  arsenal, 
hospital,  public  library,  &  museum  ;  it  is 
an  important  entrepot  for  the  produce  of 
the  south  of  France,  &  a  great  part  of 
Switzerland.  This  city  is  very  ancient, 
&  was  a  fortified  place  in  the  time  of 
Caesar.  It  was  twice  taken  by  Louis 
XIV.,  &  united  to  France  in  1678. 

Besigheim,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg. 
P.  2,430. 

Besni,  a  town  of  Asia- Minor,  in  a  nar- 
row glen,  2,340  ft.  above  the  sea. 

Bessan,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  He- 
rault,  on  the  Herault.    P.  2,186. 

Bessarabia,  prov.  of  New  Russia. 
P.  792,000.  The  climate  is  healthy,  & 
the  soil  very  fertile.  Principal  rivs.,  the 
Danube  &  Dniester.  These  rivs.  wholly 
enclose  the  prov.,  except  at  its  'N.W.  ex- 
tremity. Manufs.  nearly  confined  to  soap, 
leather,  candles,  &  spirituous  liquors. 

Bessastadir,  a  small  town  of  Iceland, 
with  a  gymnasium,  a  class,  school,  &  a 
library  of  2,000  vols. 

Besse,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Puy-de- 
Dome.     P.  2,075.    It  is  situated  on  the 

E.  declivity  of  Mont-Dore. II.  a  vill. 

dep.  Var.   P.  1,720. III.  (sur  Braye) 

a  town,  dep.  Sarthe.     P.  1,195. 

Bessenay,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Rhone.     P.  2,054. 

Bessines,  a  t.  of  France,  dep.  Haute- 
Vienne.    P.  2,713. 

Betaghstown,  a  vill.  of  Ireland,  co. 
Meath. 

Betaisor,  a  town  &  place  of  pilgri- 
mage, British  India,  on  the  Jumna ;  near 
it  are  rems.  of  an  anc.  Hindoo  city. 

Betanzos,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  riv.  of 
samename,  near  its  mouth.  P.  4,780.  It 
is  the  oldest  town  in  Galicia,  &  has  re- 
mains of  anc.  fortifications.  The  bay  of 
Betanzos  is  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic, 
branches  of  which  form  the  harbors  of 
Ferrol  &  Coruna. 


Beteta,  a  vill.  of  Spain,  prov.  Cuenca. 
P.   1,100,  with  mineral  springs  &  royal . 
baths. 

Bethabara,  v.  Stokes  co.  N.  C.    It  is 
a  Moravian  village. 

Bethania,  p-v.,  Stokes  co.  N.  C.    Mo- 
ravian. 

Bethany,   t.,  New  Haven  co.   Conn. 

P.  1,771. II.  t.,  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.,  on 

little  Tonawanda  &  Black  crs.    P.  2,286. 

III.  Wayne  co.   Pebn. IV.  p-v., 

Brooke   co.   Va.     One   college. V.   a 

vill.  of  Palestine,  on  the  E.  slope  of  the 
mount  of  Olives,  2  m.  E.  Jerusalem.  It 
is  now  a  poor  place,  inhab.  by  some 
twenty  families.  Of  Bethphage,  a  vill. 
formerly  a  little  further  E.,  no  trace 
exists. 

Bethel,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.   Me.  on  the 

Androscoggin  r.     P.   2,253. II.   p-t., 

Windsor  co.  Vt.  on  White  r.     P.  1,886. 

III.  p-v.,  Fairfield  co.  Conn. IV. 

p-t.,  Sullivan  co.  N.  Y.,  on  branches  of 
the  Delaware  r.  P.  1,483.— — V.- p-t., 
Berks  co.  Penn.  P.  1,458. VI.  t.,  Bed- 
ford CO.  Penn.  P.  1,402. VII.  t.,  Dela- 
ware CO.  Penn. VIII.  t.  Clark  co.  0., 

on  Mad  creek.   P.  2,033. IX.  t.  Posey 

CO.   la.      P.   449. X.   t.,    Branch   co. 

Mich.    P.  335. XI.  St.  Clair  co.  Mich. 

XII.  t.,  Monroe  co.  0.     P.  545. 

XIII.  t.,  Miami  co.  0.,  on  Miami  r.  P. 
1,574. XIV.  v.,  Wayne  eo.  Ga. 

XV.  t.,  Lebanon  co.  Penn.     P.  1,662. 

XVI.  a  ruined  town  of  Palestine,  pash. 
Damascus,  10  m.  N.  Jerusalem. 

Beth-horon,  two  vills.   of  Palestine, 

fash.  Damascus,  9  m.  N.W.  Jerusalem, 
n  the  former  are  some  traces  of  ancient 
walls,  a  reservoir,  &c.;  &  between  the 
two  vills.  is  a  pass,  down  which  '  Joshua 
drove  the  Amorite  kings. 

Bethlehem,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  Pina 
&  the  sugar  maple  abound,  some  iron  ore. 

It  has   mineral  springs.    P.  779. II. 

p-t.,  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.    P.  2,370, 

III.  t.,  Albany  co.  N.  Y.     P.  3,238. 

IV.  North  Hampton  co.  Penn.,  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Lehigh  r.,  was  settled  by  the 
Moravians  under  Count  Zinzendorf.  It  is 
compactly  built.  There  is  a  bridge  over 
the  Lehigh  400  feet  long ;  a  female  school 
of  a  high  order,  conducted  by  the  Mora- 
vians in  which  many  highly  respectable 
ladies  of  the  middle  states  have  received 

their   education.     P.   2,989. V.   p-t.. 

Stark  CO.  0.,  on  the  Turcarawas  r.     P. 

2,019. VL   t.,    Coshocton   co.   0. 

VII.  p-v.,  Clark  co.  la.  on  the  Ohio  r. 

VIII.  v.,  Oglethorp  co.  Ga.  1   acad. 

IX.  a  famous  city  of  Palestine,  which, 

though  insignificant  in  point  of  size,  will 


BEZ] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


95 


be  ever  memorable  as  the  birthplace  of 
the  founder  of  Christ.ianity.  It  stands 
on  the  mntn.  chain  of  Anti-Libanus,  5J 
m.  S.W.  Jerusalem.  P.  said  to  be  3,000, 
nearly  all  Christians.  It  is  a  large 
straggling  vill.,  with  one  broad  street,  at 
the  extremity  of  which  there  is  a  magni- 
ficent church,  erected  in  the  4th  century 
by  the  empress  Helena,  over  the  site  (the 
"  Grotto  of  the  Nativity,")  traditionally 
celebrated  for  the  birth  of  the  Saviour. 

Bethlem,  town,  Litchfield  co.  Conn. 
P.  776. 

Bethnal  Green,  one  of  the  E.  sub- 
urbs of  London,  co.  Middlesex. 

Bethsaida  (op  Galilee),  an  ane. 
town  of  Palestine,  which  probably  stood 
on  the  shore  of  Lake  Tiberias ;  but  its 
site  is  undetermined,  and  its  name  dis- 
used. 

Bethshan,  a  vill.  of  E.  Palestine,  on 
the  route  from  Jerusalem  to  Damascus, 
in  the  valley  of  Jezreel.  It  is  now  called 
Beisan,  and  consists  of  60  or  70  houses. 
The  Philistines  suspended  the  body  of 
Saul  from  its  walls,  after  the  battle  of 
Gilboa. 

Beth-shemesh,  an  anc.  city  of  Pales- 
tine, the  remains  of  which  are  supposed 
to  be  at  Ain  Sh.  a.  vill.,  pash.  Gaza. 

Bethune,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Pas- 
de-Calais,  on  a  rock  near  the  r.  Lawe  & 
the  canal  of  Aire.  P.  7,150.  It  has  a 
castle  constructed  by  Vauban,  a  comm. 
college,  Gothic  church,  &  commerce  in 
cheese,  grain,  oil,  &  lint. 

Betisbooka,  a  considerable  river  of 
Madagascar,  enters  Mozambique  chan- 
nel on  its  N.W.  coast. 

Betwah,  a  riv.  of  Hindostan,  rises  in 
the  Vindhyan  mntns.,  Bhopaul,  340  m. 
in  leng^th. 

Beutelsbach,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg. 
P.  1,850. 

Beuthen,  two  towns  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia.  1,  near  the  Polish  frontier.     P. 

4;950. 11.  reg.  Breslau,  on  the  Oder. 

P.  3,740. 

Beuzeville,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
i^ure.     P.  2,735. 

Bevagna,  a  town  of  Italy,  Pontif. 
states.     P.  3,720. 

Beveland  (North  &  South),  two  isls. 
of  the  Netherlands,  prov.  Zeeland,  in  the 
mouth  of  the  Scheldt. 

Bevenais,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Is^re, 
P.  1,064. 

Bevensen,  a  town  of  Hanover.  P. 
.  1,288. 

Beveren,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov.  E. 
Flanders.  P.  1,560.  It  has  a  fine  church, 
and  manufactures  of  lace. 


Beverley,  a  pari.  &  munic.  borough  & 
town  of  England,  CO.  York.  P.  8,671.  It 
is  a  remarkably  clean  &  handsome  town, 
with  a  main  street  nearly  1  m.  in  length, 
terminated  by  an  anc.  gateway. 

Beverley,  p-t.,  Essex  co.  Mass.,  con- 
nected with  Salem  by  a  bridge  1,500  feet 
long.    p.  4,689.     Commerce  &  fisheries. 

Considerable   manufs. II.   p-v.,    cap. 

Randolph  co.  Va. III.  p-t.,  Washing- 
ton 00.  0. 

BEyERN,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov.  E. 
Flanders. 

Bevern,  a  vill.  of  Germany,  duchy 
Brunswick.     P.  1,170. 

Beverungen,  a  t.  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, on  1.  b.  of  the  Weser.     P.  1,918. 

BEVERVi?YK,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
N.  Holland.  P.  2,252.  In  its  vicinity 
the  expedition  of  the  Prince  of  Orange 
to  England,  &  the  Eevolution  of  1688, 
was  planned. 

Bevilacqua,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  gov. 
Venice. 

Bewcastle,  a  pa.  of  England,  co. 
Cumberland.  It  was  anciently  a  Roman 
station,  &  has  remains  of  a  fortress,  built 
soon  after  the  conquest.  In  its  church- 
yard is  a  curious  obelisk,  bearing  inscrip- 
tions supposed  to  be  Danish. 

Bewdley,  a  pari.  &  munic.  bor.,  town, 
of  England,  co.  Worcester,  on  the  Severn, 
across  which  it  communicates  with  its 
suburb  Wribbenhall,  by  a  stone  bridge. 
P.  of  pari.  bor.  7,458. 

Bexar,  county,  Texas.  P.  6,052.  Cap. 
San  Antonio  de  Bexar. 

Beyah,  a  river  of  the  Punjab. 

Beyerland,  an  isl.  of  S.  Holland,  be- 
tween the  Old  Maas  on  the  N.,  &  Hol- 
land's Diep. 

Bbyhar,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

Beykout,  a  seaport,  &  flourishing  com- 
mercial town  of  Syria,  pash.  Acre,  on  a 
bay  of  the  Mediterranean.  P.  12,000. 
Its  walls  are  about  3  m.  in  circumference, 
outside  of  which  are  suburbs  equalling 
the  town  in  extent.  It  has  some  large  & 
well-supplied  bazaars.  Streets  narrow, 
but  clean,  it  being  plentifully  furnished 
with  springs.  The  harbor,  protected  by 
a  mole,  is  adapted  only  for  small  boats  ; 
but  in  the  bay  beyond  it,  ships  may  an- 
chor in  from  6  to  1 1  fathoms.  The  town 
has  some  manufs.  of  silk  stuffs,  &  gold  & 
silver. thread. 

Beze,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Cote  d'Or. 
P.  1,100. 

Beziers,  a  city  of  France,  dep.  He- 
rault,  on  the  Orb.  P.  16,322.  It  is  built 
in  a  delicious  situation,  remarkable  for 


96 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bia 


the  salubrity  of  its  climate,  &  has  a  comm. 
college,  an  aqueduct  of  Roman  origin,  & 
ruins  of  a  Roman  amphitheatre,  a  public 
library,  &  manufs.  of  silk,  hosiery,  dimity, 
parchment,  gloves,  verdigris,  &  confec- 
tionery, with  tanneries,  &  extensive 
brandy  distilleries  ;  &  it  is  the  centre  of 
a  considerable  trade.  In  1209  this  city 
was  the  scene  of  a  barbarous  massacre 
of  the  Albigenses. 

Bezons,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Seine- 
et-Oise,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Seine. 

Bezora,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras,  on  the  Kistnah. 

Bhadrinath,  a  town  of  N.  Hindostan, 
in  a  valley  of  the  Himalaya,  10,294  feet 
above  the  sea,  &  remarkable  for  a  temple 
reported  to  be  endowed  with  the  revenues 
of  700  villages,  &  visited   annually  by 

50,000  Hindoo  pilgrims. II.  a  peak 

of  the  Himalaya,  17  m.  W.  the  town,  & 
23,441  feet  in  height. 

Bhag,  a  town  of  Beloochistan.  It  has 
a  manuf.  of  gunpowder,  from  sulphur 
procured  in  an  adjacent  mine. 

Bhamo,  a  town  of  Burmah,  &  the  prin- 
cipal mart  of  its  trade  with  China,  on  the 
Irrawadi.  It  comprises  2,000  houses, 
many  of  brick,  inhabited  by  Chinese,  & 
around  it  are  many  populous  vills. 

Bhanpooea,    a    town    of  Hindostan. 

II.  a  town  of  British  India,  presid. 

Bengal. 

Bhatgong,  a  decayed  city  of  Nepaul, 
&  the  favorite  residence  of  the  Nepaul 
brahmins. 

Bhatneek,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  of  Bengal. 

Bhavani-Kudal,  a  town  of  British 
India,  presid.  Madras.  Here  are  famous 
temples  of  Vishnu  &  Siva. 

Bhawlpoor,  an  independent  state  of 
N.W.  Hindostan.  P.  250,000,  mostly  Jets, 
with  some  Hindoos,  Belooches,  &  Afghans. 
Surface  level,  &  chiefly  desert,  except 
along  the  Ghara,  where  is  a  strip  of  ter- 
ritory, about  10  m.  in  width,  of  high  fer- 
tility. Cattle,  wild  hogs,  game  &  poultry, 
are  plentiful.  Annual  public  revenue 
about  150,000Z.  The  rajah  maintains  a 
standing  army  of  nearly  7,000  men,  with 
6  field-pieces  ;  &  he  can  raise  an  irregu- 
lar force  of  20,000  men.  His  adherence 
to  the  British,  in  the  late  Afghan  war, 
was  rewarded,  in  1843,  by  the  annexation 
to  his  dominions  of  some  districts  in  N. 

Scinde. II.  Bhawlpoor,  the  cap.  of  the 

above  state,  on  a  branch  of  the  Ghara. 
P.  20,000.  It  is  enclosed  by  gardens,  & 
by  a  mud  wall  4  m.  in  circumference. 
Bhawlpoor  is  famous  for  its  scarfs  &  tur- 
bans ;   &  chintzes,  &  other  cotton   goods 


are  woven  here,  to  the  estimated  annual 
value  of  about  52,000Z.  It  is  also  an  en- 
trepot for  European  &  Indian  goods. 

Bheer,  a  town  of  India,  Deccan. 

Bhind,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  dom. 
Gwalior. 

Bhirjan,  one  of  the  most  E.  towns  of 
the  Persian  dom.  in  the  desert.  It  com- 
prises from  4,000  to  5,000  brick  houses, 
several  caravanserais,  mosques  &  baths, 
a  citadel,  &  a  governor's  palace.  It  has 
a  local  repute  for  the  excellence  of  its 
carpets. 

Bhobaneser,  a  ruined  town  of  Brit- 
ish India,  presid.  Bengal.  It  has  nu- 
merous remains  of  temples  &  sculptured 
figures,  &  a  tower  180  feet  in  height,  sup- 
posed to  date  from  the  7th  century. 

Bhooj,  a  city  of  Hindostan,  cap.  of 
Cutch,  &  in  a  plain  near  its  centre.  P. 
30,000.  (?) 

Bhoong-Bara,  a  dist.  of  Scinde,  com- 
prising 15  vills. 

Bhopaui,,  a  state  of  Hindostan.  Soil 
fertile  &  well  watered ;  the  country  pros- 
perous &  tranquil.      Pub.  rev.  estim.  at 

180,000?.  annually. II.  Bhopaul,  the 

cap.  of  the  above  state. 

Bhowanipook,  a  village  or  sta.  of 
British  India,  presid.  Bengal.  Here  a 
great  annual  fair  is  held,  from  April  7  to 
17,  at  which  100.000  persons  often  as- 
semble. 

Bhownugger,  a  seaport  town  of  Brit- 
ish India,  presid.  Bombay,  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  gulf  of  Cambay. 

Bhujee,  a  petty  state. of  Hindostan. 

Bhubtpoor,  a  state  of  Hindostan, 
presid.  Bengal.  Surface  well  watered. 
Products,  cotton,  corn,  sugar,  &  salt  from 
brine-springs. 

Bia,  a  vill.  of  Hungary,  co.  Pesth.  P. 
1,422. 

BiAFRA  (Bight  of),  an  inlet  of  the 
Atlantic,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  betw. 
Cape  Formosa  &  Cape  Lopez.  Of  Biafra 
kngdm.,  E.  of  the  bight,  little  is  known. 

BiAGio  (S.),  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Calabria.     P.  3,000. 

BiALA,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galieia,  on 
the  Biala,  across  which  a  stone  bridge 
connects  it  with  Bielitz,  in  Moravia.     P. 

4,000. II.   a  town  of  Poland,  prov. 

Podlachia.  P.  3,600. — Also  several  vills. 
in  Galieia. 

BiALLA,  a  small  town  of  E.  Prussia. 
P.  1,120. 

BiALYSTOK,  a  prov.  of  Europ.  Russia, 
&  formerly  a  part  of  Poland.  P.  265,944. 
Surface  flat  &  fertile.  Forests  extensive 
&  valuable.  Principal  rivers,  the  Bug, 
Narew,  &  Bober.     Large  quantities  of 


bie] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


97 


wheat,  rye,  &c.,  are  raised. — Bialystok, 
the  fortified  cap.  above  prov.,  on  the 
Bialy,  an  affluent  of  the  Narew.  P. 
8,218.  It  is  well  built,  &  handsome  ;  its 
chief  edifice  is  the  castle  of  Count  Bra- 
nicki,  which  has  been  entitled  the  "  Ver- 
sailles of  Poland." 

BiANA,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  Bhurt- 
poor  dominion. 

BiANCAViLLA,  a  town  of  Sicily,  on  the 
declivity  of  Mount  Etna.     P.  5,870. 

Bianco  (Cape),  several  headlands  in 
the  Mediterranean,  the  principal  in  Sicily. 
Bianco  is   the   name  of  some   vills.  in 

Italy,  &  the  Ionian  isls. II.  a  town 

in  the  kingdom  of  Naples,  prov.  Calab. 
P.  1,300. 

Biandeate.  a  vill.  of  Piedmont.  P. 
1,124. 

Biab,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Alicante. 
P.  2,963. 

BiABEiTZ,  a  marit.  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
B.  Pyrenees,  with  well-frequented  baths 
&  curious  grottoes.    P.  1,892. 

BiAscA,  a  town  of  Switzerl.  P.  1,912. 
In  1512  it  was- nearly  destroyed  by.  an 
inundation  of  the  Blegno. 

Bibb,  county,  Ga.,  in  the  central  part 
of  the  state,  on  Ocmulgee  riv.    P.  12,699. 

Cap.  Macon. II.  county,  Ala.,  in  the 

central  part  of  the  state,  drained  by  Ca- 
hawba  riv.    P.  9,969.     Cap.  Centreville. 

BiBBiENA,  a  vill.  of  Tuscany,  on  the 
Arno.     P.  1,600. 

BiBBONA,  a  small  town  of  Tuscany, 
prov.  Pisa. 

BiBEEACH,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg.    P. 

4,800. II.   a   vill.  of  Baden,  on  the 

Kinzig.    P.  1,207. 

BiBiANA,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  prov. 
Pinerolo.     P,  2,850. 

BiBLis,    a  vill.  of    Hesse-Darmstadt, 

pro^'.  Starkenburg.     P.  2,050. II.    a 

pa.  of  England,  co.  Glo'ster,  3J  m.  N.W. 
Fairford.     Area,  6,300  ac.     P.  1,077. 

BicANEEE,  a  Rajpoot  state  of  Hindos- 
tan. It  is  comprised  in  the  Indian  desert. 
Surface  elevated,  but  flat  &  sandy,  &  the 
crops  are  precarious. — Bicanere,  a  fortfd. 
town,  cap.  above  state,  is  enclosed  by  a 
strong  wall,  flanked  with  towers. 

BiccABi,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Ga- 
pitnnata.     P.  3,400. 

Bicester,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
O.^ford.  It  is  neatly  built,  &  its  large 
church,  erected  in  1400.  contains  some 
curious  sculptures. 

BiCETRE,  a  hamlet  of  France. 

BicHANA,  a  consid.  town  of  Abyssinia. 

BiDACHE,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  B. 
Pyrenees. 

BiDAssoA,  a  small  river,  forming  part 
5 


of  the  boundary  between  France  &  Spain. 
On  an  isl.  in  its  mouth  the  treaty  of  the 
Pyrenees  was  concluded  in  1659. 

BiDDEFOBD,  town,  York  co.  Me.,  on 
the  S.  side  of  the  Saco  riv.,  &  connected 
with  the  t.  of  Saco  by  a  bridge.  It  also 
borders  on  the  ocean.  Some  manufs. 
P.  2,579. 

BiDEFORD,  a  seaport  of  England,  co. 
Devon,  on  the  Torridge.  P.  5,211.  The 
town  consists  mostly  of  old  brick  houses, 
with  timber  frame-work.  It  has  a  stone 
bridge  of  24  arches,  built  in  14th  century, 
maintained  by  a  bridge-estate,  producing 
400Z.  per  annum.  The  trade  of  Bideford 
was  formerly  very  e.xtensive. 

BiDscHow  (New),  a  town  of  Bohemia. 
P.  3,831. 

BiEBRicH,  a  vill.  of  W.  Germany, 
duchy  Nassau,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Rhine. 
Pop.,  with  Mosbach,  2,882.  Its  ducal 
residence  is  the  finest  palace  on  the 
Rhinai 

BiEcz,  a  town  of  Austr.  Poland,  Gali- 
eia,  on  the  Roppa.     P.  1,920. 

BiEDENKOPF,  a  town  of  Germany, 
Hesse-Darmstadt,  on  the  Lahn.    P.  3,200. 

BiELAU,  4  contiguous  vills.  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  with  an  aggregate  pop.  of  6,995. 

BiELAYA,  a  large  river  of  Russia,  gov. 
Orenburg.     Length  500  m. 

Bielefeld,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian 
Westphalia.     P.  6,955. 

BiELGOROD,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the 
Donetz.     P.  8,000. 

BiELEv.  a  town  of  Russia,  circ,  on  1.  b. 
of  the  Oka.  P.  7,000.  It  has  manufs. 
of  soap,  leather,  &  hardwares,  &  a  con- 
siderable trade. 

BiELiTz,  a  town  of  Silesia,  on  1.  b.  of 
the  Biala  riv.,  across  which  a  stone  bridge 
connects  it  with  the  town  Biala^  in  Austr. 
Gallicia.     P.  6,000. 

BiELLA,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  prov. 
same  namCj  on  the  Cervo.     P.  8,677. 

BiELOi,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the  Ob- 
schtscha,  an  afii.  of  the  Diina.     P.  3,476. 

BiELO-OzEBO,  a  lake  of  Russia,  gov. 
Novgorod.  Length,  25  m. ;  breadth,  20  m. 

BiELOPOL,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the 
Vira.    P.  9,000,  who  distil  spirits,  &  carry 

on   an    active    general   trade. II.    a 

town  of  European  Turkey,  Herzegovina. 
P.  3,000. 

BiELOzERSK,  two  towns  of  Russia. — I. 
gov.  Novgorod,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the 
Bielo-Ozero.  P.  3,090.— II.  gov.  Tobolsk, 
on  the  Tobol. 

BiELSK,  a  ^oWn  of  Russian  Poland, 
prov.  Bialystok     P.  2,400. 

BiENNE  (Lake  of),  Switzerland,  cant. 
Bern.  Elev.  above  the  sea,  1,419  ft.  It  is 


i'- 


98 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bil 


traversed  hj  the  riv.  Thiele.  Its  shores, 
though  pleasing,  are  not  of  striking 
beauty,  &  its  chief  interest  arises  from  its 
containing  the  island  St.  Pierre,  the  resi- 
dence of  Rousseau  in  1765. 

BiENNE,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Bern,  at  the  N.  extremity  of  the  above 
lake.     P.  4,248. 

BiENTiNA,  a  t.  of  Tuscany,  prov.  Pisa. 

P.  2,209. The  Lake  of  Bientina,  IST. 

of  the  town,  &  partly  in  the  duchy 
Lucca,  is  5  miles  in  length,  &  2  miles  in 
breadth. 

BiENVENiDA,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Badajoz.     P.  3,280.  ^   - 

Bienville,  a  new  pa.  of  Louisiana. 
P.  5,539. 

BiERLEY  (North),  a  tnship.  of  Engl., 
CO.  York,  West  Riding.  P.  9,512,  partly 
employed  in  quarries  &  coal-pits. 

Biervliet,  a  small  town  of  the  Neth- 
erl'ds,  prov.  Zealand.     P.  1,675. 

BiES- Bosch,  a  marshy  lake  of  the 
Netherl'ds,  forming  the  B.  extension  of 
the  branch  of  the  Maas,  called  Holland's 
Diep.  It  is  very  shallow,  &  contains 
numerous  islands.  This  lake  was  formed 
19th  Nov.  1421,  by  an  inundation  which 
is  said  to  have  submerged  72  vills.  & 
100,000  inhabitants. 

BiESHiEM,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  H. 
Ehin.     P.  1,762. 

BiETiGHEiM,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 

on  the  Enz.     P.  2,920. II.  a  vill.  of 

Baden,  circ.  Middle  Rhine.     P.  1482. 

BiEVENE,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Hainault.    P.  3,270. 

BiEVREs,  a  vill.  of  France,  on  the 
Bievre.     P.  1,142. 

BiFERNO,  a  riv.  of  Naples,  prov.  San- 
nio.    L.  40  m. 

BiGGA,  one  of  the  Shetland  isls. 

BiGGAR,  a  town  of  Scotl.,  co.  Lanark. 
P.  1,395.  It  consists  mostly  of  one  long 
&  wide  street. 

Big  Beaver,  a  t.,  Beaver  co.  Penn. 
P.  1,339. 

Big  Black,  riv.,  in  Miss.,  100  m.  in 
length,  falling  into  Mississippi  riv. 

Big  Blue,  r.  rises  in  the  Ind.  terr.  & 
falls  into  the  Missouri. 

Big  Creek,  p-t..  Philips   co.  Ark.     P. 

392. II.  t..  Van  Buren  co.    Mo.     P. 

1,106. III.  t.,  Crawford  co.  Ark. 

Big  Flatts,  p-t.,  Chemung  co.  N.  T., 
watered  by  the  Chemung  riv.  &  its 
branches.  The  vill.  is  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  riv.     P.  1,375. 

Big  Hatchy,  r.,  Tenn.,  100  m.  long, 
falls  into  the  Miss. 

Big  Island,  p-t.,  Marion  co.  0. 
Big  Lick,  t.,  Hancock  co.  0. 


Big  Prairie,  t.,  Madrid  co.  Mo.  1 
acad.     P.  624. 

Big  River,  t.,  Jefferson  co.  Mo.  P. 
965. 

Big  Sandy,  riv.,  rises  in  Va.,  &  falls 
into  the  Ohio.  It  forms  the  boundary 
betw.  Va.  &  Ky.  for  nearly  200  m. 

Big  Springs,  >t.,  Seneca  co.  0.  P. 
925. 

Big  Walnut,  r.,  branch  of  the  Scioto, 
0.     Length,  55  m. 

Bihach,  a  town  &  important  strong- 
hold in  European  Turkey,  on  an  isl.  ia 
the  Unna.    P.  3,000. 

Bihar,  a  town  of  Hungary,  beyond 
the  Theiss,  co.  Bihar.     P.  2,440. 

BiJANAGUR,  a  once  famous  city  of  S. 
India,  presidency  Madras,  on  the  Toom- 
buddra. 

BiJAWAR,  a  state  of  Hindostan,  Bun- 
delcund.     P.  90,000. 

BiJBAHAR,  a  town  of  Cashmere,  on  the 
Jailum,  here  crossed  by  a  remarkable 
timber  bridge. 

Buna,  a  petty  state  of  Hindostan, 
Bundelcund.     P.  2,800. 

Bijnee,  a  town  of  Hindostan. 

Busk,  a-  town  of  Siberia,  gov.  S. 
Tomsk.     P.  3,500. 

Bilbao,  a  city  of  the  N.  of  Spain,  on 
the  Nervion.  P.  11,900.  Bilbao  has  su- 
perior schools,  supported  by  its  consulado 
or  tribunal  of  pommerce.  Principal  man- 
ufactures, hardwares,  anchors,  leather, 
paper,  hats,  tobacco,  &  earthenware  ;  for 
building  merchant-vessels,  with  iron  & 
copper  mines  in  the  vicinity.  Bilbao 
was  founded  in  ISOO. 

BiLGORAY,  a  town  of  Poland,  on  the 
Lada.     P.  1,800. 

BiLiARSK,  a  vill.  of  Russia.    P.  2,500. 

BiLiN,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the 
Bila.  P.  3,100.  It  has  two  castles,  & 
celeb.  &  much  frequented  min.  springs, 
the  acidulated  waters  of  which  form  an 
article  of  export  to  the  extent  of  500,000 
jars  yearly. 

BiLiNBAEvsK,  a  mining  town  of  Rus- 
sia, in  the  Ural  mntns.  It  has  extensive 
iron-works. 

BiLiRAN,  one  of  the  Philippine  isls. 

BiLLERBECK,  a  Small  town  of  Pruss. 
Westphalia.     P.  1,440. 

BiLLERicA,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.  Ms.,  on 
the  Concord  &  Shawsheen  rivs.   P.  1,632. 

BiLLERicAY,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Essex.     P.  1,284. 

BiLLiERs,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Mor- 
bihan.     P.  1,085. 

BiLLiGHEiM,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bava- 
ria.    P.  1,760. 

BiLLiTON,  an  isl.  of  the  Dutch  E.  In- 


bir] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEKR, 


99 


dies,  intermediate  between  Sumatra  & 
Borneo.  P.  6,000.  It  is  surrounded  by 
rocks  &  islets,  &  is  rich  in  iron  ore  &  val- 
uable timber. 

BiLLOM,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Puy-de- 
Dume.  P.  3,265.  It  has  a  comm.  college, 
&  some  manufs.  of  fine  earthenwares, 
called  the  "'pottery  of  Bretagne." 

BiLMA,  a  town  of  central  Africa,  Ni« 
gritia,  on  the  route  from  Fezzan  to  Lake 
Tchad.  It  is  said  to  have  abundant  sup- 
plies of  water. 

BiLSA,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  dom.  S. 
Gwalior,  on  the  Betwah.  It  is  encld.  by 
a  stone  wall,  &  in  1820  had  5,000  houses. 
Excellent  tobacco  is  grown  in  the  vicinity. 

BiLSEN,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Limbourg,  on  the  Demer.     P.  3, 085. 

BiLSTOx,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  Stafford. 
P.  20,181.  It  is  very  irregularly  built, 
but  has  many  good  residences;  Coal  &, 
ironstone  abound  in  the  vicinity. 

BiMA,  a  seaport  town  of  the  Dutch  E. 
Indies,  cap.  state  of  same  name,  in  the 
isl.  Sumbawa. 

BiMBER,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  on  an 
affl.  of  the  Chenab. 

BiMBiA,  a  riv.  of  W.  Africa,  enters  the 
bight  of  Biafra. 

BiMiNi,  a  small  group  of  isls.  sur- 
rounded by  reefs,  in  the  Bahama  archip., 
E.  of  Cape  Florida. 

BiMLiPATAji,  a  seaport  town  of  Brit. 
India,  presid.  Madras. 

BiNAB,  a  town  of  Persia,  on  the  Sofi 
Chai,  a  tribut.  of  Lake  Urumiyah.  It  is 
of  modem  origin. 

BiNABOLA,  a  lofty  mntn.  range  of  Ire- 
land, CO.  Galway  ;  the  culm,  point,  Knock- 
annahiggen,  is  2,400  ft.  above  the  sea. 

BiNAsco,  a  town  &  fortress  of  N.  Italy, 
Lombardy.     P.  5,000. 

BiNBROOKE,  a  vill.  of  England,  co. 
Lincoln.     P.  1,187. 

BiNCHE,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Hainault,  on  the  Haine.     P.  5,235. 

BiNCHESTER,  a  tushp.  of  England,  co. 
Durham. 

BiNDRABiTND,  a  Considerable  town  of 
Brit.  India,  presid.  Bengal,  on  the  Jumna. 
It  has  several  sacred  pools  &  caves,  & 
numerous  tsmples  of  Krishna,  one  of 
which  is  among  the  most  massive  works 
of  Hindoo  architecture. 

BiNGEN,  a  town  of  Germany,  grand 
duchy  Hessen-Darmstadt,  on  the  1.  b.  of 
the  Rhine.  Pop.  4,500,  who  manuf. 
leather,  &  raise  superior  wines.  It  owes 
its  origin  to  the  Roman  castle  or  klopp 
of  Drusus. 

Bingham,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
rich  vale  of  Belvoir,  co.  Nottingham.    P. 


1,998. II.  p-t.,  Somerset  co.  Me.     P. 

751. III.  t.,  Clinton  co.  Mich. 

BiNGHAMTON,  p-v.,  Broome  co.  N.  Y., 
at  the  junction  of  Chenango  &  Susque- 
hanna rivers,  &  on  the  Erie  railroad.  P. 
2,800. 

BiNGLEY,  atownof  England,  co.  York, 
"Vy.  Riding.  P.  11,850.  It  has  a  grammar 
school  founded  in  the  time  of  Henry  VIII. 

BiNic,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  COtes- 
du-Nord.     P.  1,828. 

BiNTANG,  an  isl.  of  the  Dutch  E.  In- 
dies. P.  with  the  small  isls.  in  its  vicinity, 
13,000.  It  is  estim.  that  70,000  piculs 
of-  gambeer  (an  astringent  gum)  are 
annually  procured  here. 

BioBio,  a  riv.  of  Chile,  rises  in  the 
Andes.     Length  200  m. 

BioGLio,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont.    P.  2,227. 

BiOfiNEBOEG,  a  seaport  town  of  Fin- 
land, on  the  Kumo,  at  its  mouth,  in  the 
gulf  of  Bothnia.  P.  4,567.  It  has  some 
ship-building,  &  an  export  trade  in  tim- 
ber, pitch,  tar,  &  fish. 

BioT,  a  vill.  of  Francs,  dep.  Var.  P. 
1,267. 

BiE,  Turkish,  a  walled  town  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  on  the  Euphrates.  It  has  from 
1,800  to  2,000  houses. 

Birbeck-Fells,  a  dist.  of  England,  co. 
Westmoreland. 

Birbhoom,  g  dist.  British  India,  pre- 
sid. Bengal.  P.  1,580,600.  Coal  &  iron 
mines  are  wrought  in  this  dist.     * 

BiRCHiNGTON,  a  soaport  vill.  of  Engl., 
and  a  member  of  the  cinque  port  of 
Dover,  co.  Kent,  Isle  of  Thanet. 

Bird   Island,    one    of  the    Sandwich 

Islands,  North  Pacific  ocean. II.  one 

of  the  Low  Isl.  Pacific,  near  the  middle 

of  the   group. Bird   Islands,    South 

Africa,  are  in  Algoa  bay. 

BiRDSALL,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y., 
on  Black  creek.     - 

BiRiouTCHE,  a  town  »f  Russia,  on  1.  b. 
oftheSosna.     P.  5,451. 

BiRKENFELD,  a  principality  of  W. 
Germany,  belonging  to  Oldenburg.  Area, 
143  sq.  m.  P.  28,669.  Surface  moun- 
tainous &  well-wooded.  Princip.  riv.  the 
N-ahe,  an  affl.  of  the  Rhine.  Chf.  pro- 
ducts, cattle,  iron,  flax,  hemp,  &  oil  seeds. 

BiRKENFELD,  a  towu  of  Germany,  near 
the  Nahe.  P.  with  vill.  of  Bckweiler, 
2,385. 

Birkenhead,  a  town  &  tnshp.  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Chester,  on  the  estuary  of  the 
Mersey.  P.  20,000.  It  has  wholly 
risen  up  since  the  formation  of  ship-build- 
ing docks  in  1824. 

BiRKET,  the  name  of  several  lakes  & 
places  in  Egypt. 


100 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bis 


Birk-Fell,  a  mntn.  of  England,  co. 
Cumberland. 

BiHMiNGHAM,  one  of  tlie  principal  man- 
ufacturing towns  of  England,  near  its 
centre,  co.  Warwick.  P.  182,922:  The 
town,  on  the  river  Rea,  occupies  the  decliv- 
ity of  three  undulating  hills.  Its  lower 
part  consists  of  unprepossessing  streets, old 
houses, &  workshops;  but  its  upper  portions 
comprise  many  broad  streets  &  good  resi- 
dences. The  superb  town-hall,  one  of 
the  finest  edifices  in  Engl.,  occupies  a 
commanding  site,  &  is  in  classic  style- 
Queen's  College,  lately  established,  & 
munificently  endowed,  is  in  connection 
with  the  University  of  London  ;  attached 
to  it  are  a  flourishing  medical  school  & 
Queen's  hospital.  Birmingham  origi- 
nally consisted  of  but  one  parish  :  it  is 
now  divided  into  four — St.  Martin,  St. 
Philip,  St.  George,  &  St.  Thomas.  Pub- 
lic institutions  comprise  a  society  of  arts, 
with  a  drawing  academy,  &  annual  exhi- 
bition of  paintings ;  public  library,  with 
27,000  vols.;  philosophic  &  mechanics' 
institutions  ;  Springhill  college,  for  In- 
dependents &  Baptists  ;  &  a  great  variety 
of  other  educational  establishments.  The 
town  has  extensive  baths,  &  a  place  of 
amusement  termed  "Vauxhall."  Bir- 
mingham has  made  most  rapid  progress 
in  manufacturing  industry  within  the 
present  century.  Its  manufactures  com- 
prise almost  every  description  of  iron  & 
steel  goods,  brass  &  iron  foiinding,  sad- 
dlery, fire-arms,  cutlery,  gold,  silver, 
plated,  bronze,  or-molu,  &  japanned 
wares ;  papier-mache  goods,  toys,  jew- 
ellery, electro-plated  goods,  buttons, 
steel-pens,  glass,  tools,  steam-engines,  & 
all  kinds  of  machinery.  In  1G49,  the 
steam-engines  employed  in  its  factories, 
were  supposed  to  have  an  aggregate 
power  of  5,400  horses,  &  to  consume 
377  tons  of  coals  daily,  &  the  annual 
value  of  manufactures  has  been  estimated 
at  .£4,000,000.  This  town  is  supposed 
to  have  been  a  place  where  arms  wore 
manufd.  in  the  time  of  the  anc.  Britons; 
its  high  commei'C.  importance  dates,  how- 
ever, only  from  the  17th  century.  In 
1791,  a  disgraceful  riot  took  place  here, 
in  which  the  library  of  Dr.  Priestley  was 
burnt  by  the  mob,  with  other  property, 
to  the  total  amount  of  i;60,000. 

Birmingham,  t.,  Huntingdon  co.  Penn. 

Some   manufac. II.   t.,    Chester    co. 

Penn. III.  p-v.,  Erie  co.  N.  Y.     A 

growing  vill. IV.    a   manufac.   vill.. 

New  Haven  co.  Conn. V.  p-v.,  Oak- 
land CO.  Mich.,  on  one  of  the  head  br.  of 
the  Kouge. 


BiRNAM,  a  mntn.  of  Scotland,  co.  Perth. 
It  was  anciently  included  in  a  royal 
forest,  which  Shakspeare  has  immortal- 
ized as  '•  Birnam  Wood,"  in  his  tragedy 
of  Macbeth. 

BiENBAUM,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Poland,  on 
the  Warta.     P.  2,637. 

BiRNEE  (Old), a  large  town  of  Central 
Africa,  Bornou,  on  the  Yeou.     P.  10,000. 

BiRON,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Dor- 
dogne.     P.  1,124. 

Bier,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland. 

Birr,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  Leinster. 
P.  6,336. 

BiRRESBORN,  a  ham.  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia. Well-frequented  min.  springs  ;  near 
it  is  the  acidulated  spring  of  Brudeldreis. 

BiRSK,  an  anc.  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Orenburg,  on  the  Bielaia.    P.  3,500. 

BiRTLE,  a  tnship.  of  England,  co.  Lan- 
caster.    P.  1,753. 

BiRZB,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Vilna. 

BisAcciA,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
princip.  Ult.     P.  5,700. 

BisAcauiNO,  a  t.  of  Sicily,  with  an  ex- 
tensive trade  in  grain,  oil,  &  lint.  P.  8,000. 

BisAGNO,  a  fertile  &  highly  cultivated 
district  in  the  vicinity  of  Genoa. 

BisANO,  an  island,  Asiatic  archipel- 
ago, off  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Celebes. 
Circum.  20  m. 

BiscHOF-TEiNiTZ,  a  town  of  Bohemia. 
P.  2,200. 

BiscHwiLLER,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Bas-Rhin,  on  the  Moder.  P.'  6,242. 
Manufs.  of  coarse  woollen  &  linen  cloths, 
gloves,  &  earthenwares. 

BisENTi,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Ab- 
ruzzo  Ult.     P.  2,500. 

BisENZ,  a  town  of  Moravia.     P.  2,650. 

Bishop  &  Clerks,  two  groups  of  rocky 
islets. — — I.  in  St  George's  channel,  off 

the  coast    of  Pembrokeshire. II.  in 

the  Pacific  ocean,  S.W.  of  New  Zealand. 

Bishop's  Castle,  a  town  of  England, 
CO.  Salop. 

Bishop's  Stortford,  a  town  of  Eng., 
CO.  Hertford,  on  the  E.  co.  railw.    P.  4,681. 

BisBAL  (La),  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Gerona.     P.  3,110. 

Biscaea,  a  town  of  Algeria,  cap.  dist. 
Zaab,  S.  of  Mt.  Atlas.  Occupied  by  the 
French  since  1844. 

B  iscARi,  a  town  of  Sicily,  on  the  Dirillo. 
P.  2,700. 

BiscAEEOssE,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Landes.     P.  1,551. 

Biscay,  a  prov.  of  N.  Spain,  one  of 
the  3  Basque  provs.  Area,  1,200  sq.  m. 
P.  111,433.     Cap.  Bilbao. 

Biscay,  a  town  of  New  Mexico. 

Biscay  (Bay  of),  a  vast  bay  or  gulf 


BIV] 


UKIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


101 


formed  by  the  Atlantic,  &  extending  be- 
tween Ouessant  isl.,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
France,  &  Cape  Ortegal  on  the  N.  coast 
of  Spain.  Its  N.  &  S.  coasts  are  bold  & 
rocky ;  but  on  the  E.,  from  the  mouth  of 
the  Qirondc  to  the  Adour,  the  coast  is 
composed  of  sand  downs,  &  interrupted 
by  numerous  lagoons.  The  depth  varies 
from  20  fath.  on  the  W.  of  France,  to 
200  fath.  on  the  N.  of  Spain.  Navigation 
is  much  impeded  by  the  heavy  seas,  &  by 
a  current  (Kennel's)  which  sets  in  from 
the  Atlantic. 

BiscEGLiA,  a  seaport  town  of  Naples, 
on  the  Adriatic.     P.  13,500. 

BiscHHEiM,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Bas- 
Rhin.     P.  2,929. 

BiscHOFSBURG,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia, 
on  the  Dimmer.     P.  2,450. 

BiscHDFSHEiM,  several  small  towns  in 
Germany,  &c. 

Bischofs-Laak,  a  town  of  Illyria. 
P.  1,850. 

Bischofsstein,  a  town  of  E.  Russia. 
P.  2,836. 

Bischofswerda,  a  town  of  the  kgdm. 
of  Saxony,  on  railw.  from  Dresden  to 
Bautzen.     P.  2,486. 

BiscHOFSZELL,  a  towu  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Thurgau,  on  the  Sitter.     P.  2,000. 

BisHOPTHOHPE,  a  pa.  of  Engl.,  CO.  York, 
on  the  Ouse.  The  palace  here  has  been 
the  residence  of  the  archbishop  of  York 
since  the  destruction  of  Cawood  castle  in 
the  parliamentary  war. 

BisiGNANO,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Calab.  P.  3,200.  It  has  a  castle  on  a 
lofty  height,  acathadral,  several  churches, 
a  diocesan  school  &  some  trade  in  silk. 

BisLEY,  a  town  of  Eng.,  co.  Gloucester. 

Bismark,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Saxony. 
P.  1,600. 

BissAGOS,  an  archip.  off  the  W.  coast 
of  Africa,  consisting  of  16  large  &  nume- 
rous .small  isls.  The  isls.  appear  to  be 
densely  peopled,  but  the  natives  are  of  a 
savage  negro  race.  &  little  is  known  of  the 
interior ;  they  contain  many  fine  ports. 
Chief  produce  rice  &  fruit,  &  many  cattle 
are  reared. 

BissAo,  an  isl.  &  Portuguese  settle- 
ment of  W.  Africa,  Senegambia,  one  of 
the  Bissagos  group,  opposite  the  delta  of 
the  Jeba  riv.  P.  8,000.  This  isl.  "is 
the  great  stronghold  of  the  Portuguese 
slave  trade." 

BissiNGEN,  a  town  of  Bavaria. 

BissoLEE,  two  towns  of  India. 

BissuNPOOR,  an  ancient  town  of  Brit- 
ish India,  presid.  Bengal. 

BisTAGNO,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  prov. 
Acqui.     P.  2,000. 


BisTAM,  a  town  of  Persia,  prov.  Kho- 
rassan. 

BisTENEAu,  lake,  Claiborne  pa.,  La, 
Length  35  m. ;  width  2  m. 

BisTRiTz,  a  river  of  Transylvania. 

II.  a  riv.  which  rises  at  the  E.  extremity 
of  Hungary  ;  joins  the  Sereth  after  a, 
course  of  about  110  m.,  &  is  named  the 
"Golden    Bistritz"   from    its   auriferous 

sands. III.  two  rivs.  of  Galicia,  tribut. 

to  the  Dniester. 

Bistritz,   a  town    of    Transylvania, 

Saxon-land.      P.' 6, 500. II.  a    town 

of  Moldavia,  on  the  "  golden"  Bistritz. — ■ 
Also  sevl.  vills.  in  Moravia,  Bohemia,  & 
Illyria. 

BisuLi,  a  town  of  British  India,  Pun- 
jab, on  the  Ravee.  It  has  a  large  ba- 
zaar, &  a  vast  palace,  regarded  by  Vigne 
as  the  finest  of  its  kind  in  the  east,  &  re- 
sembling a  European  feudal  mansion. 
II.  a  town,  presid.  Bengal. 

BxsuTUN,  a  ruined  town  of  Persia,  prov. 
Irak-Ajemi.  Here  are  some  remains  of 
Sassanian  buildings,  Greek  inscriptions, 
&  traces  of  works  ascribed  to  Semiramis. 

BiswAH,  a  small  town  of  British  India, 
Oude  territory. 

Bitburg,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia. 
P.  2,040. 

BiTCHE,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Mo- 
iselle,  in  a  pass  of  the  Vosges.    P.  3,131. 

BiTETTO,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Bari. 
P.  3,300. 

BiTLis,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pash. 
Van,  on  the  "W.  side  of  Lake  Van,  &  5,156 
feet  above  the  sea  level.  P.  2,000  Moham. 
&  1,000  Armenian  families.  Near  it  the 
army  of  Solyman  the  Magnificent  was 
signally  defeated  by  the  Persians,  ad. 
1554. 

BiTONTO,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Bari. 
P.  14,370.  It  is  handsomely  built  & 
thriving,  &  has  a  fine  cathedral.  Excel- 
lent wine  is  raised  in  its  vicinity. 

BiTRiTTO,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Bari. 
P.  2,300.     Commerce  in  wine. 

BiTscHwiLLER,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
H.  Rhin,  on  the  Thuren.  P.  2,847.  It 
has  extens.  iron  foundries. 

BrTTERFELD,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Saxony, 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Mulde.  P.  3,959.  It  was 
founded  by  a  colony  of  Flemings  in  the 
12th  century. 

BiTTEscH  (Gross),  a  town  of  Moravia. 
P.  1,602.- — II.  {Klein),  a  vill.  of  Moravia. 

BiTTi,  a  vill.  of  the  isl.  Sardinia-  P. 
2,686.' 

BiTTOOR,  a  town  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid. Bengal,  on  the  Ganges. 

BiviERE,  a  lake  of  Sicily,  intend.  Syr- 
acuse.    In  winter  it  is   about   19  m.  in 


102 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bla 


eirc,  but  much  of  it  is  in  summer  a  mere 
marsh. 

BivoNA,  a  town  of  Sicily,  intend.  Gir- 
genti.     P.  2,382. 

BiZE,  two  vills.  of  France. 1,  dep. 

Aude.    P.  1,166. II.  (B.-Nistos).,  dep. 

Hautes  Pyrenees.  P.  (with  comm.)  3,419. 

BlzERTA,  the  most  northern  town  of 
Africa,  &  a  fortfd.  seaport  of  Tunis,  at 
the  head  of  a  gulf  of  the  Mediterranean. 
P.  8,000.(7)  Though  its  port  now  admits 
only  small  vessels,  it  was  formerly  one  of 
the  best  in  the  Mediterranean. 

Black,  town,  Posey  co.  Indiana.  It 
has  10  stores,  1  weekly  newspaper,  & 
some  manufs. 

Black  Beook,  p-t.,  Clinton  co.  N.  T., 
drained  by  the  Saranac,  with  some  smaller 
rivers.     P.  1,064. 

Blackburn,  town,  of  England,  co.  Lan- 
caster. It  stands  in  a  barren  district,  & 
is  irregularly  built.  The  church  was  re- 
built in  a  magnificent  style  in  1819,  at  a 
cost  of  26,000Z. ;  &  in  the  parish  are  22 
perpetual  curacies.  Blacliburn  is  the 
seat  of  flourishing  manufe.  of  cotton  goods. 

Black  Creek,  a  br.  of  the  Genesee  r. 

Blackford,  co.  Indiana,  towards  the 
N.E.  part  of  the  state,  is  on  Salamahic  r., 
&  several  small  creeks.  SoU  good.  P. 
2,860.    Cap.  Blackford,  C.  H. 

Black  Forest,  a  mountainous  region 
of  S.W.  Germany,  in  the  grand  duchy  of 
Baden,  separating  the  basins  of  the  Bhine 
&  Neekar.  It  is  remarkable  for  its  ex- 
tensive forests,  &  its  mines  of  silver,  cop- 
per, zinc,  lead,  &  iron  ;  in  many  places 
it  is  3,700  ft.  above  the  sea,  &  the  Feld- 
berg,  4,675  feet  in  elev.,  is  the  loftiest 
mountain  in  W.  Germany. 

Black  Hawk,  anew  co.  of  la.     P.  135. 

Black  Head,  the  name  of  several 
capes  of  the  United  Kingdom. 1.  Eng- 
land,   CO.  Cornwall. II.  Ireland,    co. 

Antrim,  N.  the  entrance  of  Belfast  Lough. 
III.  Munster,  co.  Clare,  S.  side  of  Galway 
bay. 

Blackheath,  an  open  common  in 
England,  co.  Kent.  It  is  bordered  by 
numerous  handsome  villas  &  rows  of 
houses  ;  &  on  it  are  two  episcopal  chapels 
&  Morden  college  ;  the  last  named,  found- 
ed for  decayed  merchants  by  Sir  J.  Mor- 
den, Bart.,  in  1695,  has  an  annual  reve- 
nue of  about  5,000Z.,  &  supports  a  chap- 
lain &  30  brethren  above  50  years  of 
age. 

Blacklow-Hill,  Engl.,  is  in  the  co. 
.Warwick.  A  stone  cross  here  marks  the 
gpot  where  Piers  Gaveston,  the  favorite 
of  Edward  II.,  was  beheaded  by  the 
barons  in  1312, 


Blackkess,  a,  vill,  &  seaport  of 
Scotland,  co,  Linlithgow,  on  the  Firth  of 
Forth. 

Blackpool,  a  vill.  of  Engl.,  co,  Lan- 
caster. P.  1,304.  It  is  a  sea-bathing 
station. 

Black  Biver,  Windsor  co.  N.  T.,  a  br. 

of  the  Conn. II.  riv.  Loraine  co.  Ohio, 

formed  of  two  branches  which  unite  near 
Elyria.     Just  above  their  junction,  they 

have  each  a  fall  of  45  feet. III.  riv. 

N.  T.,  the  third  in  size,  flowing  wholly 
within  the  state.  At  Leyden,  in  Lewis 
CO.,  it  has  a  fall  of  63  feet.     L.  108  m. 

IV.  riv.,  br.  of  Cape  Fear  riv.  N.  C. 

V,  riv.,  br.  of  Great  Pedee  riv.  S.  C. 

VI.  riy.,  Arkansas,  br.  of  White. 

VII.  riv.,  Mich.,  falls  into  L.  Mich. 

VIII.  riv.,  Jamaica,  co.  Cornwall. IX. 

a  small  river  of  Ireland,  tributary  to  the 
Suir. 

Black  River,  p-t.,  Loraine  co.  Ohio, 
on  both  sides  of  Black  riv.,  &  near  Lake 
Erie.     The  vill.  has  considerable  trade. 

P.  668. II.  t.,  Washington   co.    Mo. 

III.   t.,   Wayne  co.  Mo. IV.  t., 

Independence  co.  Ark. V.  t.,  Law- 
rence Co.  Ark. 

Black  Rock,  a  town  of  Erie  co.  N.  T. 
near  the  foot  of  Lake  Erie.  It  has  seve- 
ral stores  &  warehouses,  &  some  manufs. 
The  harbor  is  formed  by  an  immense 
stone  pier,  projecting  into  Niagara  riv. 
Black  Rock  has  an  immense  water  power. 

Trade  in  wheat  extensive.    P.  7,508. 

II.  t.,  of  Ireland,  Leinster  co.,  on  the  S. 
shore  of  Dublin  bay. 

Black  Sea,  great  inland  sea  between 
Europe  &  Asia  ;  extreme  length  700  m., 
greatest  breadth  380  m.  It  is  surround- 
ed by  the  countries  of  Russia,  Armenia, 
&  Asiatic  &  European  Turkey,  &  commu- 
nicates with  the  sea  of  Azov  &  with  the 
sea  of  Marmara.  Its  shores  are  bold  & 
high  on  the  N.E.,  E.,  &  S.W.,but  flat  on 
the  N.  &  N.W. ;  its  depth  varies  from  4 
to  48  fathoms  near  its  shores,  but  in  the 
middle  no  soundings  have  been  obtained 
at  J.60  fathoms.  The  water  contains  l-7th 
less  salt  than  the  ocean,  &  is  so  fresh  that 
it  freezes  very  easily.  There  are  several 
islands  near  the  mouth  of  the  Danube, 
but  few  rocks  or  shoals — the  largest  of 
these,  Serpent  island,  is  furnished  with  a 
lighthouse.  It  is  calculated  that  the 
Black  sea  receives  one  third  of  the  run- 
ning waters  of  Europe.  The  Black  sea 
has  no  tide ;  it  is  liable  to  frequent 
storms,  such  as  are  generally  met  with 
in  great  lakes  &  inclosed  seas.  It  is 
traversed  regularly  by  steam-paokets 
between  Constantinople  &  the  mouths  of 


bla] 


UNIVEUSAL    GAZETTEEll. 


103 


the  Danube,  &  betw.  the  principal  ports 
of  Russia. 

Blacksod  Bay,  an  extens.  inlet  on  the 
coast  of  Irel.,  co.  Mayo. 

Blackstairs,  a  cintn.  range  of  Ire- 
land, betw.  COS.  Carlow  &  Wexford.  Mt. 
Leinster,  2,610  ft.,  is  the  highest  peak. 

Blacjcstone-Edge,  a  range  of  high 
hills,  mostly  moorland,  forming  part  of 
"  the  Backbone  of  England,"  cos.  York 
&  Lancaster. 

Blackstone,  riv.j  Rhode  Island.  It 
aflPords  immense  water  power. 

Blacksville,  p-v.,  Monongalia  co. 
Va. 

Blacktail,  a  large  shoal  off  the  Eng- 
lish coast,  CO.  Essex. 

Blackwall,  a  suburb  of  the  English 
metropolis,  co.  Middlesex. 

Black  Warrior,  riv.,  Ala.,  br.  of 
Tombigbee,,80  m.  in  length. 

Blackwater,  r.,   Merrimac  co.  N.  H. 

II.r.,Va.,br.  of  ]Srotaway,70m.l. 

III.  two  rivs.  of  Ireld. — 1.  Munster,  co. 
Cork,  1.  100  m.  Affls.  the  Dundalo,  Aw- 
beg,  Funcheon,  &  Bride. — 2.  Ulster,  cos. 
Tyrone  &  Armagh,  falls  into  Lough- 
Keagh.  Blackwater  is  the  name  of  sev- 
eral smaller  rivs.  in  Ireland  &  also  in 
England. 

Blackwater,  a  neat  vill.  of  Engl.,  co. 
Hants,  on  the  Blackwater  river. 

Blackwell's  Island,  in  the  East  r. 
opposite  N.  Y. ;  it  is  the  seat  of  the  City 
penitentiary ;  also  of  the  lunatic  asy- 
lum. 

Bladek,  county,  N.  C.  in  the  S.  part  cf 
the  state,  &  watered  by  Cape  Clear  riv., 
contains    1,200  sq.  m.      P.  9,767.     Cap. 

Elizabeth. TL.  Bladen,  avill.of  Pruss. 

Silesia.     P.  1,071. 

Bladensburg,  p-v.,  Prince  George  co. 
Md.  There  is  a  mineral  spring  here.  It 
is  a  celebrated  place  of  resort  for  duel- 
lists.    P.  about  500. 

Blagnac,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  H. 
Garonne.  P.  1,538. 

Blain,  a  town  of  France,  dep.-  Loire 
Inf    P.  with  comm.,  5,441. 

Blainville  is  the  name  of  numerous 
comms.  in  France  ;  the  principal  in  dep. 
Manche.     P.  1,770. 

Blair,  a  co.  of  Pennsylv'a.    P.  21,777. 

Blair-Athol,  a  large  pa.  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Perth.  P.  2,231.  In  it  are  the  mntns. 
BenyglOe  (3,725  ft ),  &  Bendearg  (3,550 
feet  elevation),  witli  the  pass  of  Killie- 
crankie,  Athol  forest,  &  Blair-Athol  cas- 
tle, the  seat  of  the  duke  of  Athol. 

Blair-Gowrie,  a  pa.  of  Scotland,  co. 
Perth.     P.  3,471. 

Blairsville,  Indiana  oo.  Penn. 


Blaise  (St.),  a  vill.  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Neuchatel.     P.  1,000. 

Blaison,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Maine- 
et-Loire.     P.  1,142. 

Blakely,  p-t.,  Luzerne  co.  Penn.,  wa- 
tered by  Lackawanna  r. II.  p-v.,  cap. 

Early,  Ga.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail  &  acad. III.  port  of  entry  &  cap- 
ital of  Baldwin  co.  Ala.,  on  the  E.  side 
of  Tennessee  r.  The  harbor  admits  ves- 
sels of  11  feet  draught. 

Blakeney,  a  seaport  of  England,  co. 
Norfolk.    Its^arbor  affords  good  shelter. 

Blamont,  t.  of  France,  dep.  Meurthe. 
P.  2,671. 

Blanc  (Le),  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Indre.     P.  4,770. 

Blanc  (Mont),  the  most  celebrated 
mountain  of  Europe. 

Blanchard,  t.,  Hardin  co.  0. II.  t., 

Putnam  co.  0. -III.  t.,  Hancock  co.  0. 

Blanchland,  a  vill.  of  England,  co. 
Northumberland,  in  a  deep  vale  on  the 
Derwent. 

Blanco  (Cape),  the  name  of  numerous 
headlands  in  Africa,  America,  the  Phil- 
ippines, Greece  &  Spain  ;  the  principal, 
W.  Africa,  Sahara,  on  the  Atlantic. 

Blandford,  t.,  Hampden  co.  Mass. 
Some  manufacs.     P.  1,427. 

Blandfoed-Forum,  a  town  of  England, 
CO.  Dorset,  on  the  Stour,  here  crossed  by 
3  bridges,  &  near  the  ford  called  by  the 
Romans  Trajectus  Belaniensis. 

Blanes,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  on 
the  Mediterranean.     P.  5,043. 

Blangy,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Seine 
Inf.     P.  1,717. 

Blankenberghe,  a'  marit.  town  of 
Belgium^  prov.  W.  Flanders.     P.  1,800. 

Blankenburg,   2  towns  of  Germany. 

1,  duchy,   Brunswick,    cap.  of   circ. 

P.  3,500. II.   a  town   of  Schwarzb.- 

Rudolstadt,  on  the  Rhine.     P.  1,315. 

Blankenese,  a  town  of  Danish  dom., 
duchy  Holstein,  on  the  Elbe.     P.  3,000. 

Blankenhayn,  a  town  of  Central  Ger- 
many, gr.  duchy,  Weima^.     P.  1,600. 

Blanquefort,  two  comms.  &  vills.  of 

France. 1,   dep.  Gironde.     P.   2,074. 

II.  dep.  Lot-et-Garonne.    P.  1,760. 

Blanquilla,  an  isl.  of  Caribbean  sea, 
belonging  to  Venezuela. 

Blantyre,  a  pa.  of  Scotland,  co.  Lan- 
ark.    P.  3,047. 

Blanzy,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Saone- 
et-Loire.     P.  2,664. 

Blasendorf,  a  town  of  Transylvania. 
P.  4,000.  ■ 

Blasket  Islands,  a  group  of  rocky 
islands  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland,  at  the 
entrance  of  Dingle  bay. 


^■/#V 


104 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHV. 


[blo 


Blasienzella,  a  town  of  Germany, 
Saxe-Coburg  Gofha.     P.  1,330. 

Blatchinwoeth,  a  tnshp  of  England, 
CO.  Lancaster,  in  the  itnnied.  vicinity  of 
the  Manchester  &  Leeds  railw.  P. 
4,456. 

Blatna,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the 
Uslawa.     P.  1,500. 

Blaton,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium, 
prov.  Hainault.     P.  2,319. 

BLAUBBiJREN,  a  towu  of  Wlirtembei'g, 
circ.  Danube,  on  the  Blau.     P.  1,965. 

Blaydon,  a  vill.  of  Engl.,  co.  Durham. 

Blaye,  .1,  comm.  &  seaport  town  of 
France,  dep.  Gironde,  cap.  arrond.  P. 
3,348.  It  has  a  strong  modern  citadel, 
in  which  the  Duchess  de  Berri  was  im- 
prisoned in  1833 ;  a  handsome  public 
fountain,  with  considerable  exports  of 
wine,  brandy,  corn,  fruits,  &  soap.  All 
vessels  inward  bound  to  Bordeaux,  &c., 
are  required  to  anchor  in  the  road  of 
Blaye,  &  tn  exhibit  their  papers. 

Bleckede,  a  town  of  Hanover,  prinelp., 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Elbe.     P.  1,485. 

Bledsoe,  county,  Tenn.,  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  the  state ;  is  watered  by  Sec- 
quatchie  riv. ;  mountainous  in  some  parts. 
P.  5,959.     Cap.  Pikeville. 

Blegno,  a  riv.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Tessin.      * 

Bleibach,  a  vill.  of  Illyria,  near  the 
celeb.  Bleiberg  (lead  mntn.),  in  which  1 
copper  &  3  lead  mines  are  in  operation. 
P.  5,600.  The  lead  mines  at  Bleibach 
are  the  most  extensive  in  Austria,  & 
yield  annually  from  33,000  to  35,000  cwt. 
excellent  metal. 

Bleicherode,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Saxony, 
on  the  Bude.     P.  2,760. 

Bleistadt,  a  mining  town  of  Bohemia. 

Bleiswuk,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  S.  Holland.    P.  1,279. 

Bleking,  a  prov.  of  Sweden. 

Blendon,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.  0.  Alum 
&  Big  Walnut  crs.  aiford  mill  sites.  P. 
972. 

Bleneau,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Yonne.  P.  1,313.  The  Prince  of 
Conde  was  here  vanquished  by  Turenne 
in  1652. 

Blenham,  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y.  P.  2,725. 

Blenheim,  a  vill.  of  Bavaria,  circ. 
Swabia,  famous  for  the  decisive  victory 
gained  near  it  by  the  English  &  Imperi- 
alists, over  the  French  &  Bavarians. 

Blenheim  Park  (formerly  Woodstock 
Park),  an  extra-parochial  dist.  of  Engl., 
CO.  Oxford,  being  the  demesne  attached 
to  Blenheim  house,  the  seat  of  the  duke 
of  Marlborough.  This  edifice,  constructed 
by  Vanbrugh  in  the  reign  of  Q.  Anne,  at 


the  cost  of  500,000Z.,  was  given  by  the 
nation  to  the  first  Duke  of  Marlborough, 
in  honor  of  whose  great  victory,  in  1704, 
it  received  its  name.  Blenheim  is  held 
by  the  descendants  of  the  duke,  on  the 
tenure  of  presenting  yearly,  at  Windsor, 
on  the  anniversary  of  the  battle,  a  stand- 
ard emblazoned  with  3  fleur-de-lis. 

Blenjo,  a  riv.,  valley,  &  dist.  of  Switz- 
erland, cant.  Ticino.     P.  11,000. 

Blenod-les-Toul,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Meurthe.     P.  1,550. 

Blere,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Indre- 
et-Loire.     P.  1,972. 

Blessington,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co. 
Wicklow,-  near  the  Liffey,  18  m.  S.W'. 
Dublin. 

Bletchingly,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Surrey.  P.  3,546.  The  town,  on  an 
eminence,  commands  extensive  views,  & 
has  a  fine  church  in  the  early  English 
style,  a  school  endowed  in  the  reign  of 
Elizabeth,  &  almshouses  founded  in  1663. 

Bleville,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine  Inf.,  with  mineral  springs.  P. 
1,160. 

Blevio,  a  vill.  of  Lombardy,  near  lake 
of  Como. 

Blidah,  a  considerable  town  of  Algeria, 
prov.  Algiers.  Taken  by  the  French  in 
1830,  &  occupied  by  them  since  1838.  P. 
9,103,  of  whom  2.290  were  Europeans. 

Bueskastel,  a  town  of  Khenish  Ba- 
varia, on  the  Blies.     P.  1,874. 

Bligh,  a  frontier  co.  of  New  South 
Wales. — Sligh's  islands  are  a  group  of 
the  Feejee  archip..  Pacific  ocean,  named 
after  their  discoverer  in  1789. 

Bligny-sub-Ouche,  a  town  of  France, 
dep.  cote  d'Or.     P.  1,254. 

BuLiNG,  a  seaport  town  of  the  isl.  af 
Bali,   Malay  archipelago. 

Blissfield,  ]}-v.,  Lenaweed  co.  Mich., 
on  the  riv.  Asin.     P.  778. 

Block  Island.  Newport  co.  R.  I.,  lies 
in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  14  m.  from  Point 
Judith.  It  is  80  m.  long,  &  from  2  to  4 
m.  bro'sd.  Soil  gravelly  loam  ;  it  has 
no  harbor.  Population  chiefly  employed 
in  fishing. 

Blockley,  town,  Philadelphia  co. 
Penn. ;  watered  by  Mill  &  Cobb  crs. 
Here  is  a  county  almshouse ;  some 
manufs.  of  woollen  &  cotton,  with  dying 
&  printing  establishments.     P.  3,318. 

Bloemendaal,  two  vills.  of  the  Neth- 
erlands ;  one*in  S.  Holland,  the  other  in 
N.  Holland;  with  1,500  inhabs. 

Blois,  an  anc.  city  of  France,  cap.  dep. 
Loir-et-Cher,  on  both  sides  of  the  Loire, 
&  on  the  railw.  from  Orleans  to  Tours. 
P.  13,132,    Blois  is  situated  on  a  steep 


boa] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


105 


slope,  crowned  by  its  ancient  castle.  The 
most  remarkable  edifices  are  the  Hotel  de 
Villej  episcop.  palace,  old  castle  of  the 
counts  of  Blois,  where  Louis  XII.  was 
born,  in  which  the  States-General  of  1576 
&  1588  were  held,  &  where  the  Due  de 
G-uise  was  assassinated.  There  is  here 
an  anc.  aqueduct  cut  Jn  the  rock  by  the 
Romans.  The  magnificent  dykes  for  the 
protection  of  the  valleys  from  the  en- 
croachments of  the  Loire,  one  of  the  most 
remarkable  works  of  the  kind  in  Europe, 
commence  at  Blois. 

Blokulla,  a  small  rocky  isl.  in  the 
Baltic,  between  Oeland  &  the  mainland 
of  Sweden. 

Blokzyl,  a  marit.  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, prov.  Overyssel,  on  the  E.  coast  of 
the  Zuiderzee.     P.  1,666. 

Blomberg,  a  vill.  of  Central  Germany, 
Lippe-Detmold.     P.  1,960. 

Blonie,  a  town  of  Poland.     P.  1,000. 

Bloody-Faeeland,  a  prpmontory  of 
Ireland,  on  its  N.W.  coast. 

Bloom,  p-t.,  Seneca  co.  0.,  on  Honey 

cr.      P.    1,168. II.   t.,    Columbia   co. 

Penn.,  watered  by  Susquehanna  riv.   & 

Fishing  or.     P.  1,774. III.  t.,  Morgan 

CO.  0.,  on  the  Muskingum  riv.  3_saw 
mills  &  7  schools.     P.  1,388.— —IV.  t., 

Sciota  CO.  0.     P.  913. V.  t.,  Fairfield 

CO.  0.     P.  2,301. VI.  t.,  AVood  co.  0. 

Bloomfield,    p-t.,  Somerset   co.  Me., 

on  the  Kennebec  riv.    P.  1,093. II.  t., 

Hartford  co.  Conn.,  drained  by  Vv''ood  r. 

P.  986. III.  p-t.,   Essex  co.  N.    J., 

manufacs.   of  woollen,   cotton   &    paper. 

P.  2,528. IV.  v.,  Perry  co.  Penn.     1 

acad. V.  p-t.,  Knox  co.  0.     P.  1,251. 

——VI.  t..   La  Gfange  co.  la. VII. 

cap.  Greene   co.  la.      P.  700. VIII. 

p-v.,   cap.   Stoddard  ccVa.,  contains  a 

court  house. IX.  Oakland  co.  Mich., 

on  N.  br.  of  Rouge  r. X.  t.,  Trumbull 

CO.   0. XI.  t.,    Richmond  co.   0.— — 

XII.  t.,  Logan  co.  0. XIII.  t.,  Jack- 
son CO.  0. 

Bloomingburg,  p-v.,  Sullivan  co. 
N.  Y.,  a  pleasant  vill. 

Blooming  Grove,  p-t.,  Orange  co. 
N.  Y.  Scunnemunk  mt.,  a  part  of  the 
highlands,  is  in  this  town.  Soil  prcduc- 
tire.     P.  2,369. 

Bloomington,  p-v.,  cap.  Monroe  co. 
la.     The  Indiana  University  is  lociited 

here.      P.  879. II.   M'Lean  co.    111., 

situated  on  the  margin  of  a  fine  prairie. 

III.  p-v.,  cap.  Muscatine,  Iowa,  on 

the  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi.  P.  200. 
IV.  cap.  Macon  co.  Mo.,  near  -Charl- 
ton r. V.  Buchanan  co.  Mo. 

Blossburg,  p-v.,  Tioga  co.  Penn.  In 
6* 


its  vicinity  is  the  celebrattxl  Blossburg 
bituminous  coal  mine. 

Blotzheim,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep 
Haut-Rhin.     P.  2,230. 

Blount,  county,  Ala.,  in  the  N.  part 
of  the  state,  on  the  head-waters  of  the 
Black-warrior   river.     1,650  sq.  m.      P. 

7,367.    Cap.  Blountsville. II.  county, 

Tenn.,  in  the  E.  part  of  the  state  border- 
ing on  N.  C.  P.  12,382.  Cap.  Marys- 
ville. 

Blountsville,  cap.  of  Blount  co.  Ala. 
II.  cap.  Sullivan  co.  Tenn. 

Bludenz,  a  town  of  the  Tyrol,  circ. 
Vorarlberg.     P.  1,865. 

Bludowitz,  3  eontig.  vills.  of  Austr. 
Silesia. 

Bluefields,  a  riv.  &  town  of  the  Mos- 
quito territory,  Centr.  America,  the  riv. 
entering  an  inlet  of  the  Carribean  sea. 
At  its  mouth  is  the  town  on  a  command- 
ing height,  with  a  good  harb.,  &  the  mod- 
ern residence  of  the  king  of  the  Mos- 
quito country. 

Blue  Hill,  p-t.,  Hancock  co.  Me.  The 
village  is  on  a  bay.     P.  1,891. 

Blue  Mountain,  t.,  Izard  co.  Ark. 

Blue  Mountains,  a  range  in  B.  Aus- 
tralia, New  South  Wales. 

Blue  Ridge,  or  south  mountains  east- 
ern range  of  the  Alleghany,  a  branch 
from  the  main  range  in  N.  C.  Most  ele- 
vated summits  are  in  Bedford  co.  Va. 

Blue  River,  Hancock  co.  la.  P.  731. 
II.  t.  Harrisson  co.  la.     P.  1,429. 

Blue  Rock,  pt.,  Muskingum  co.  0.,  on 
both  sides  of  Muskingum  r.  Manufacs. 
of  salt.     P.  1,183. 

Blue-Stack  Mountain,  Ireland,  co. 
Donegal,  elevation  2,213  feet. 

•Blue  Sulphur  Springs,  Green  Briar 
CO.  Va.,  a  popular  watering  pi.  situated 
in  a  valley  with  mountains  on  3  sides. 
Scenery  wild  &  picturesque. 

Bluffton,  p-v.,  cap.  Wells  eo.  la. 

Blumenstein,  a  vill.  of  Switzerl., 
cant.  Bern,  with  min.  springs  &  well-fre- 
quenled  baths. 

Blumenthal,  a  vill.  of  Hanover, 
duchy  Bremen,  near  the  AYeser.  Also 
other  vills.  in  Germany. 

Blythe,  t.,  Marion  co.  Ark. II.  t., 

Caldwell  co.   Mo. III.  severai  small 

rivers    of    England. 1.    co.    Suffolk. 

2.    00.     Northumberland. 3.    co. 

Warwick. 

Bnin,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  prov. 
Posen,  circ.  Schrimm.     P.  1.210. 

Boa  Island,  in  Ireland,  co.  Ferma- 
nagh, is  the  largest  island  in  Lough 
Erne. 

BoAD,  a  large  vill.  of  British  India, 


106 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bce 


presid.  Bengal,  prov.  Orissa,  on  the  Maha- 
nuddy. 

BoARDMAN,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.  0., 
watered  by  Mill,  Indian  &  Yellow  crs. 
Soil  fertile.     P.  929. 

BoAviSTA,  or  BoNAviSTA,  an  island 
of  Africa,  the  most  B.,  &  next  to  Santi- 
ago, the  largest  of  the  Cape  Verd  isl- 
ands. It  is  of  a  pentagonal  form,  & 
about  20  m.  in  length.  The  surface  is 
flat,  with  two  basaltic  peaks  in  the  cen- 
tre ;  soil  suitable  for  the  production  of 
cotton  &  the  cocoa-tree,  but  cultivation 
is  neglected,  the  pop:  being  chiefly  occu- 
pied in  the  manuf.  of  salt,  which  forms 
the  principal  source  of  wealth. 

BoBBio,  a  town  of  the  Sardinian  states, 
div.  Genoa,  cap.  prov.,  on  the  Trebbia. 
P.  with  comm.  3,743. 

BoBER,  a  river  of  Prussian  Silesia,  a 
branch  of  the  Oder,  115  m.  in  length. 

BoBERSBERG,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov. 
Brandenburg.     P.  1,460. 

BoBiA,  a  small  island  of  Africa,  in  the 
bay  of  Amboises,  off  the  ceast  of  Guinea. 
It  is  the  rems.  of  a  once  large  isl.,  &  con- 
tinues to  decrease  by  action  of  the  waves. 
Shores  abrupt  &  difiicult  of  access,  but 
densely  populated. 

BoBiLEE,  a  strongly  fortfd.  town  of 
British  India,  presid.  Madras. 

BoBiNGEN,  a  vill.  of  Bavaria,  ciro. 
Swabia.     P.  1,403. 

BoBLiNGEN,  a  town  of  "VYiirtemberg, 
circ.  Neokar.     P.  3,300. 

BoBHKA,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galieia,  circ.  Brzezany.     P.  2,700. 

BoBROv,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Vo- 
ronej,  cap.  circ,  on  the  Bitiug.  P. 
4,865. 

Bobruisk,  a  town  of  Russia.,  gov. 
Minsk,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Berezina.  .  P.  5,500. 

Boca  ("  mouth"),  a  tsrm  applied  to 

numerous   straits   &  rivers. 1.    {B. 

Chirxi),  the  Channel,  28  m.  l:)elo_w,  & 
leading  to  the  port  of  Cartagena,  New 

Granada. II.    {cle  Nmnos),  the  S.  & 

largest  mouth   of  the   Orinoco  river,    S. 

America. III.    {Crrandc),   a  bay    of 

the  Carib.  Sea,  Central  America,  Costa- 
Rica,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Zucar  river. 

IV.   {del  Tord).  Carib.   Sea,    Costa 

Rica. 

Boca  Tigris,  or  the  "Bogcte,"  the 
-entrance  to  the  Canton  river,  China.  All 
the  estuary  of  the  riv.  S.-ward  of  this  is 
called  the  "  Outer  Waters." 

Bocairent,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Alicante.     P.  4,070. 

Bocca-di-Falco,  a  vill.  of  Sicily, 
prov.  Palermo,  with  a  rich  botanic  gar- 
den.    P.  4,000. 


BocCHETTA  (Mt.),  One  of  the  W.  Ap- 
ennines, traversed  by  the  road  from  Ge- 
noa to  Novi.  The  summit  of  the  pass  is 
2,536  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

BoccniGiiERO,  a  town  of  Naples.  P. 
2,200. 

BocHNiA,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galieia,  cap.  circ.  P.  5,300.  It  has 
mine?  of  rock  salt,  which  employ  500 
miners,  &  j'ield  annually  250,000  cwt.  of 
salt.     P.  of  circ.  178,760. 

BocKOLD,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, circ.  Borken,  on  the  Aa.  P.  4,271. 
II.  a  vill.  of  Belg.,  Limbourg.  ' 

BocHUM,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, cap.  circ.  P.  4,290.  It  is  the 
seat  of  a  mining  court. 

BocKAu,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circ. 
Zwickau.  P.  1,700.  Extens.  chemical 
manufs.  &  mines  of  cobalt  &  silver. 

BockenejW,  a  town  of  Hanover.  P. 
2,457. 

BocKENHEiM,  a  towu  of  H.-Cassel,  circ. 
Hanau.     P.  3,300.      It  has   manufs.  of 
,  piano-fortes,    snuff-boxes,    jewellery,    & 
iron-ware. 

BocKFLUss,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria. 
P.  1,490. 

BoczA,  a  town  of  Hungary,  eo-  Liptau. 
P.  1,220.  Its  once  important  gold  rnines 
are  rendered  useless  by  inundations. 

Bodega,  a  port  of  N.W.  America, 
Upp.  California,  on  tlie  Pacific,  90  m.  N. 
San  Francisco. 

BoDEGRAVEN,  a  vill.  of  S.  Holland,  on 
the  Old  Rhine.     P.  2,120. 

BoDBNsTADT,  a  towu  of  Moravia,  circ. 
Prerau.     P.  1,200. 

BoDENswEiER,  a  vill.  of  Baden,  circ. 
Midd.  Rhine.     P.  1,050. 

BoDENWERDER,  a  towu  of  Hauover,, 
princip.  Calenberg,  on  an  isl.  in  theWeser,,' 
enclosed  by  the  territ.  of  Brunswick.  P. 
1,486. 

BoDBiANN,"  a  vill.  of  Baden,  circ.  Lake, 
on  Lake  Constance,  at  the  mouth  of  thQ 
Stookach. 

Bodmin,  a  town  of  England,  cap.  co. 
Cornwall.  The  town  consists  of  a  long 
street,  in  a  holIowbeLw.  two  hills.  Church 
spacious  ;  &  rebuilt  about  1472. 

Bodrogh-Keresztur,  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  Zemplin,  on  the  Bodrogh.  P. 
4,15Ci0,  mostly  Magyars. 

BoEN,  a  town  of  France,  dcp.  Loire.  P. 
1,624. 

BoEO,  Cape,  the  most  W.  point"  of 
Sicily. 

BcEOTiA,  adep.  of  the  kng'hu.  of  Greece, 
cap.  Lebadia,  on  the  continent  of  Hellas. 
P.  31,679.  Surface  well  watered  &  fertile. 
Mt.  Helicon  is  on  its  S.E.  border. 


boh] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


107 


BoHEscH,  a  eomm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Ellin.     P.  1,358. 

BcEUFF,  t.,  Franklin  co.  Mo.    P.  1,662. 

II.   r.  in  Arlj.  &  La.,  180  m.  long,  & 

breadth  of  the  Washita. III.  creek 

of  La.,  rises  in  Rapide  pa.,  &  separates 
into  2  channels,  one  of  which  connects 
with  Red  riv.,  the  other  with  CrocodUe  r. 

Bog,  two  rivs.  of  European  Russia. 

BoGAN,  or  New- Year  Rivek,  a  riv. 
of  E.  Australia,  300  m.  long. 

BoGAKRA,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Al- 
bacete.     P.  2,096. 

BoGDO  OoLA,  a  mntn.  of  S.  Russia.  It 
rises  abruptly  out  of  the  flat  steppe,  &  is 
held  sacred  by  the  Kalmucks.  On  its  N. 
side  is  a  lake  of  same  name,  26  m.  in 
circumf ,  yielding  large  quantities  of  salt. 

BoGEN,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ.  Lower 
Bavaria,  on  the  Danube.     P.  1.143. 

BoGENHAUSEN,  a  vill.  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Isar,  with  the  royal,  observatory  of 
Munchen,  one  of  the  best  in  Europe. 

BoGENSE,  a  small  seaport  town  of  Den- 
mark, on  the  N.  coast  of  the  isl.  Fiihnen. 
P.  1,400.- 

BoGGAH,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Bengal,  on  the  Gunduch. 

BoG3s,  t.,  Clearfield  co.  Penn.  on  the 
main  ridge  of  the  Alleghany. 

BoGHAz  KiEui,  a  vill.  of  Asia-Minor, 
pash.  Sivas.  Here  are  portions  of  a  large 
temple,  supposed  to  be  that  of  Jupiter, 
mentioned  by  Strabo  (lib.  xii.),  &  of  a 
Cyclopean  wall,  &  2  fortresses,  besides 
various  bas-reliefs. 

Bogie,  a  small  riv.  of  Scotland,  co. 
Aberdeen. 

BoGLiPOOR,  a  dist.  of  British  India, 
Bahar  prov.,  presid.  Bengal.  P.  2,019,900. 
The  Ganges  traverses  it,  &  forms  most 
part  of  its  E.  boundai-y.  The  hills  in  the 
S.  are  inhabited  by  a  wild  people,  sup- 
posed to  be  of  the  aboriginal  race  of  Hin- 

dostan. Bos;lipoor   is   the  cap.  of  the 

above  dist.    P'.  30,000. 

BoGNOR,  a  marit.  t.,  Engl.  co.  Sussex. 

Bogota,  a  city  of  S.  Amer.,  cap.  of  the 
repub.  of  New  Grenada,  on  a  plateau 
8,958  ft.  above  the  sea.  P.  40,000.  It  is 
built  on  the  San  Francisco  riv.,  &  has  a 
fine  external  appearance  ;  streets  regular, 
though  narrow,  &  all  are  paved.  Houses 
mostly  of  sun-dried  bricks,lo  w  built,  white- 
washed, tiled,,  &  placed  around  a  central 
court ;  shops  numerous.  It  ha,s  several 
squares,  in  the  chief  of  which  are  the 
cathedral  (nearly  ruined  in  1827  by  an 
earthquake),  palace  of  the  president,  & 
custom-house.  Nearly  one  half  of  the 
city  is  occupied  by  religious  structures. 
Bogota  has    a  university,  3  colleges,   a 


school  of  mineralogy,  Lancasterian  school, 
national  acad.,  museum,  &  public  library. 
Bogota  owes  its  importance  to  its  having 
been  for  a  long  time  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment. At  the  cataract  of  Tequendama 
the  cleft  betw.  the  rocks  is  only  36  ft. 
wide,  &  the  waters  descend  in  an  unbroken 
mass  900  ft.  North  of  the  city  fossil 
bones  of  a  gigantic  size  have  been  found. 
The  Campo  contains  also  coal-fields,  & 
towards  the  N.  border  the  rich  salt  mines 
of  Zikaquira.  Here  also  is  Lake  Guata- 
vita,  into  which  it  is  supposed  the  ancient 
inhabitants  threw  theu-  treasures  when 
conq.  by  the  Spaniards. 

Bogutshak,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Voronej,  cap.  circ,  near  the  Don.  P. 
2,600. 

BoGWANGOLA,  a  large  town  of  British 
India,  presid.  Bengal. 

BoHAiN,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Aisne. 
P.  3,748. 

BoHALLE  (La),  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Maine-et-Loire.     P.  1,144. 

BoHARM,  a  pa.  of  Scotl.,  cos.  Banff  & 
Moray.  P.  1,261.  Here  are  ruins  of 
castle  Galvall,  built  by  De  Moravia  in 
11th  cent. 

Bohemia  (King-dom  of),  a  political  & 
administrative  division  of  the  Austrian 
empire,  forming  the  E.  part  of  the  Ger- 
manic confederation.  Area,  20,000  sq. 
m.  P.  4,347,962.  The  territory  forms 
an  enclosed  plateau,  nearly  surrounded 
by  elevated  chains  of  mntns.  The  inte- 
rior is  traversed  by  the  contreforts  of 
these  chains.  Its  principal  valleys  are 
those  of  the  Elbe  &  Moldau.  Forming 
the"  upper  basin  of  the  Elbe,  to  which 
nearly  all  its  streams  are  tributary, 
the  country  is  richly  watered  by  the 
Aupe,  Mettau,  Erlitz,  Moldau,  &  Eger, 
The  Moldau  is  the  largest  riv.  in  the 
kngdm.  The  climate  is  in  general  healthy, 
mild  in  the  valleys,  but  cold  in  the  mntns. 
regions  ;  the  higher  mntns.  being  covered 
with  snow  during  great  part  of  the  year. 
Soil  in  general  fertile.  It  is  very  rich  in 
metals,  minerals,  &  ijrecious  stones ;  the 
productive  part  of  the  land  forms  nearly 
13-16ths  of  the  superficies.  Bohemia  is 
both  an  agricultural  &  a  manufacturing 
country,  but  especially  rich  in  the  pro- 
duce of  its  agriculture.  The  produce  of 
the  mines,  especially  in  precious  metals, 
has  been  for  centuries  one  of  the  principal 
sources  of  wealth.  The  gold  mines,  for- 
merly so  valuable,  are  now  entirely  aban- 
doned, &  the  silver  mines  have  lost  much 
of  their  importance  ;  but  the  produce  of 
iron  &  coal  is  greatly  on  the  increase, 
Bohemia  possesses   a  great  number  of 


108 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bol 


mineral  springs  of  all  kinds.  In  manufg. 
industry  this  country  has  long  been  con- 
sidered one  of  the  naost  important  provs. 
of  the  empire.  The  Emperor  of  Austria 
bears  the  title  of  King  of  Bohemia,  &  is 
crowned  at  Prague.  It  came  into  the 
possession  of  the  house  of  Austria  in  1526. 
The  uuiversity  of  Prague  is  one  of  the  most 
anc.  &  celeb,  in  Germany ;  it  had  in  1842, 
71  professors  &  teachers,  &  2,741  students. 
Bohemia,  a  large  cr.  in  Maryland,  a 
branch  of  Elk  r. 

BoHMERWALD,  a  chain  of  mntns.  in 
Germany,  between  Bohemia  &  Bavaria, 
separating  the  basins  of  the  Elbe  &  Da- 
nube. The  principal  summits  are  the 
Aber  (4,613  ft.),  &  the  Rachelberg,  4,561 
feet  in  elev. 

BoHODUKHOV,  a  fortfd.  town  of  Russia, 
gov.  Kharkov,  on  the  Merle.     P.  5,000. 

BoHUL,  one  of  the  Philippine  isls.,  1.  40 
m.  5  av.  iy.  30  m. 

BoHORODczANY,  town  of  Austr.  Galicia 
Tribunal  of  mines.     P.  1,920. 

BoHORODiTSK,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Tula,  cap.  circ.    P.  2,900. 

Boi-AvAD,  a  town  of  Asia- Minor,  An- 
atolia.    P.  2,000.  (?) 

Bois  Blanc,  island  of  lake  Huron,  S.E. 
of  Mackinaw,  is  10  m.  1.  &  3  broad.  Soil 
productive.    It  has  a  lighthouse. 

Bois  d'Arle,  t.,  Hempstead  co.  Ar- 
kansas.  II.  t.,  Jefferson  co.  Ark. 

Bois-GuiLLAUME,  a  vill.  of  France. 
P.  (with  comm.)  2,048. 

Bois  (Le),  a  eomm.  &  vill.  of  Erance, 
dep.  Charente  Inf ,  arrond.  &  14  m.  W. 
La  Rochelle,  in  the  iie  de  Re.  P.  2,062. 
Bois-LE-Duc,  a  city  of  the  Netherl'ds, 
cap.  N.  Brabant,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Dommel  &  the  Aa.  P.  18,904.  It  is 
about  5  m.  in  circumference,  &  well  built. 
Its  buildings  comprise  one  of  the  finest 
catheds.  in  the  Netherlands,  a  town-hall, 
a  grammar  school  in  which  Erasmus  was 
partly  educated,  a  college,  academy  of 
arts,  arsenal,  several  hospitals,  &  a  prison. 
It  has  manufs.  of  linens,  thread,  needles, 
cutlery,  &  mirrors,  with  breweries  &  dis- 
tilleries. 
-  BoisLEux,  a  vill.  of  France. 

BoissEzoN,  avill.of  France,  dep.  Tarn. 
P.  (with  comm.)  2,946. 

BoissY,  a  vill.  of  Prance,  dep.  Seine-et- 
Oise.  Near  it  is  the  superb  chateau  of 
Gros-Bois. — Other  vills.  of  France  have 
the  same  name. 

Boitzenburg,  a  town  of  N.Germany, 

Meklenburg-Schwerin,  on  the  Elbe.     P. 

3,184.    It  has  an  extensive  wool-market, 

&  various  manufg.  establishments. 

BoJADOR  (Cape),  a  bold  headland  of 


W.  Africa,  formed  by  the  termination  of 
a  range  of  Mount  Atlas.  It  was  long  the 
limit  of  European  navigation  S.-ward, 
until  doubled  by  the  Portuguese  in  1433. 
BoJANA,  a  river  of  European  Turkey, 
Upper  Albania^  1.  65  miles. 

BoJANO,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Molise. 
P.  3,000.  It  was  sacked  by  the  Romans 
in  298  B.C.,  &  was  nearly  destroyed  by  an 
earthquake  in -1805. 

BojANOWo,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Poland. 
P.  2,450. 

BoKiJARA,  a  state,  Central  Asia,  indep. 
Turkestan.  Area,  235,000  sq.  m.  P. . 
1,000,000.  Surface  level ;  fertile  where 
watered  by  the  Oxus,  Kohik,  &  Kurshee, 
its  principal  rivs.,  but  elsewhere  mostly 
a  sandy  waste.  Rice,  wheat,  barley, 
maize,  cotton,  indigo,  &  fine  fruits,  are 
chief  objects  of  cultur^.  Timber  is  very 
scarce.  Cotton  thread,  silk  stuffs,  sEa- 
green,  sabres,  &  other  cutlery,  gold,  sil- 
ver, &  turned  articles,  &  fire-arms  are 
manufactured.  The  Khan,  though  nomi- 
nally despotic,  is  greatly  under  the  influ- 
ence of  the  priesthood.  Publie  revenue 
estimated  at  about  400,000Z.  annually. 
Armed  force  about  20,000  horse,  &  4,000 
foot ;  indep.  of  a  militia  of  50,000  cavalry. 
Principal  cities  Bokhara,  Samarcand, 
Balkh,  &  Kurshee. 

Bokhara,  a  celeb,  city.  Central  Asia, 
cap.  above  Khanat,  near  the  Zer-afchan 
river.  P.  160,000.  It  is  said  to  be  8  m. 
in  circ,  enclosed  by  earthen  ramparts, 
entered  by  12  gates,  &  intersected  by  nu- 
merous canals.  In  the  centre  is  the  cit- 
adel, containing  the  palace,  harem,  & 
residences  of  the  state-ofScers.  Bokhara 
is  said  to  have  360  mosques,  several  of 
great  architectural  beauty,  &  at  least  as 
many  colleges  &  schools  ;  this  city  having 
been  long  famous  as  a  seat  of  Moham- 
medan learning.  There  are  20  caravan- 
saries &  100  ponds  &  fountains. 

BoLABOLA,  one  of  the  Society  isls..  Pa- 
cific ocean,  nearly  30  m.  in  circ,  well- 
wooded  &  populous. 

BoLAN  Pass,  a  remarkable  defile  in 
mntns.  of  Beloochistan,  consisting  of  a 
succession  of  ravines,  about  55  m.  in  ag- 
gregate length.  The  greatest  elevation 
of  the  pass  is  5,793  feet. 

BoLAWADUN,  a  considerable  town  of 
Asia-Minor,   Anatolia. 

BoLBEC,  a  manufacturing  town  of 
France,  dep.  Seine  Inf  P.  8,658.  It  is 
well  built,  &  ornamented  with  fountains, 
&  is  the  seat  of  a  chamber  of  manufs., 
with  large  &  thriving  manufs.  of  cotton 
fabrics ;  also  woollen  &  linen  factories, 
dye-works,  &  chemical  factories. 


bol] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


109 


BoLECHOw,  a  town  of  Austr.  Galicia, 
on  a  tribut.  of  tbe  Dniester,  &  with  pro- 
ductive salt-works.     P.  2,300. 

Boles KiNE  &  Abertarff,  two  united 
pas.  of  Scotl.,  CO.  Inverness.     P.  1,875. 

BoLGARY,  a  vill.  of  Russia,  gov.  Kazan, 
on  the  Wolga,  near  which  are  the  ruins 
of  Briakimov,  anc.  cap.  of  the  Bulgarians. 

BoLi,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor,  pash. 
Anatolia.  It  is  a  poor  place,  with  about 
1,000  houses,  a  dozen  mosques,  &  a  ruined 
castle.     Near  it  are  mineral  baths. 

Bolivar,  county,  Miss.,  in  the  W. 
part   of    the    state,    on   the   Mississippi. 

Contains  1,700  sq.  m.     P.  2,577. II. 

pv.,  Tuscarawas  co.  0. III.  p-v.,  cap. 

Hardiman  co.  Tehn.,  on  the  Big  Hatehee. 

IV.  p-v..  cap.  Polk  CO.  Mo.,  4  m.  from 

Pommes-des-Terre  riv. V:  p-v.,  cap. 

Bolivar  co.  Miss.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Mississippi. 

Bolivia,  or  Upper  PeBu,  a  repub. 
state  of  S.  America.  Extreme  length, 
1,100  m.;  extreme  width,  800  m.  Area, 
374,480  m.  P.  1,030,000.  Chief  cities. 
La  Paz,  Potosi,  Gruro,  Chuquisaca, 
Cochabamba,  Santa  Cruz,  Tarija,  & 
Cobija.  All  the  centre  of  the  country  is 
covered  with  ramifications  of  the  Andes, 
which  here  divide  into  two  Cordilleras, 
enclosing  the  lake  of  Titicaca.  The  W. 
Cordillera  forms  the  boundary  on  the  side 
of  Peru,  &  here  are  the  highest  peaks  of 
the  Andes  (Sorato  being  25,250  feet),  & 
the  volcanoes  of  Atacama,  Tacora,  &c. 
The  region  between  the  Pacific  &  the 
Andes  is  nearly  barren,  &  is  called  the 
desert  of  Atacama.  The  valley  of  Titicaca 
is  rather  fertile.  The  long  valleys  S.  of 
the  Sierra  de  la  Cruz,  are  the  most  popu- 
lous &  best  cultivated  parts  of  Bolivia. 
Principal  rivers,  the  Beni,  Mamore,  Rio 
Grande  or  Guapai.  The  Desaguadero 
has  its  entire  course,  about  200  m.,  in 
Bolivia,  &  falls  into  Lake  Titicaca,  the 
largest  lake  in  S.  America.  Beside  L. 
Titicaca,  the  S.E.  half  of  which  is  in  this 
republic,  many  others  exist  in  the  wide 
plains  in  the  E.  Amongst  the  vegetable 
productions  are  cacao  of  the  finest  quality, 
cotton,  indigo,  rice,  &c.  Gold  is  found  in 
al  1  the  rivers  in  the  E.  Cordillera  of  the 
Andes  ;  &  the  productiveness  of  the  silver 
mines  of  Potosi  were  for  a  long  time  very 
great,  though  now  on  the  decline.  New 
gold  mines  have  recently  been  discovered 
in  a  part  of  the  Andes,  about  7  days 
journey  from  La  Paz.  Among  the  wild 
animals  are  the  tapir,  jaguar,  leopard, 
several  species  of  monkeys,  &  amphibious 
reptiles,  birds,  &  fishes  in  greatwumbers. 
The  climate  of  the  plains  is  too  hot  for 


but  vast  herds  of  cattle  feed  on 
the  banks  of  the  rivers.  More  than 
3-4ths  of  the  population  are  Indians,  the 
rest  Mestizos,  Spaniards,  &  a  few  Afri- 
cans. The  foreign  commerce  of  Bolivia 
is  small,  owing  to  its  being  almost  shut 
out  by  the  Andes  from  contact  with  the 
sea.  Imports  are  mostly  confined  to  iron, 
hardwares,  silk,  &  a  few  other  articles  ; 
&  the  exports  to  the  precious  metals,' 
wool,  &c.  The  executive  government  is 
vested  in  a  president ;  the  legislative 
functions  are  exercised  by  a  senate,  trib- 
unes, &  censors.  Annual  rev.  about 
$1,700,000.  Standing  army  about  2,000 
men.  There  is  said  to  be  no  public  debt. 
Bolivia,  under  the  name  of  Upper  Peru, 
was  formerly  a  part  of  the  Spanish  vice- 
royalty  of  Buenos  Ayres.     Chuquisaca  ia 

the   cap. II.   t..    Gasconade  co.    Mo. 

P.  779. 

Bolkenhain,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Silesia, 
cap.  cire.  onthe  Neisse.  P.  2,450.  Linen 
&  woollen  manufs. 

BoLKHov,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the 
Nougra.     P.  10,000.     It  is  well  built. 

Boll,  a-vill.  of  Wurtemberg,  circ.  Dan- 
ube, with  1,500  inhabs.,  &  mineral  springs 
&  baths. 

Bollene,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Vau- 
cluse,  cap.  cant,  arrond.  Avignon.  P.  2,860. 

Bqllen-Tee,  a  tnship.  of  England,  co. 
Chester.     P.  2,212. 

Bollingen,  a  vill.  of  Switzeidand. 
with  mineral  baths,  cant.  Bern..  P.  1,400. 

BoLLiNGTON,  a  tnship.  of  England,  co. 
Chester.     P.  4,350. 

BoLLULLOs  DEL  CoNDADO,  a  modem 
town  of  Spain,  prov.  Hue-lva.     P.  4,536. 

BoLLwiLLER,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  H. 
Rhin.     P.  1,300. 

Bologna,  a  famous  city  of  Italy,  & 
the  second  in  rank  in  the  Pontif.  states. 
Elevation  205  ft.  above  the  sea.  P. 
75,000.  It  forms  an  oval,  enclosed  by  a 
brick  wall,  about  2  m.  in  length,  by  1| 
m.  in  breadth,  entered  by  12  gates,  & 
intersected  by  the  Reno  canal.  With  its 
rich  &  varied  colonnades,  well-paved 
streets,  noble  institutions,  &  a  flourish- 
ing, intelligent,  &  learned  pop.,  it  rivals 
Rome  in  all  except  classical  &  religious 
interest,  &  the  extent  of  its  museums. 
It  is  said  to  have  74  churches,  35  con- 
vents for  monks,  &  38  for  nuns,  all  of 
which  are  adorned  with  fine  works  of  art. 
No  Italian  city,  except  Florence,  has 
produced  so  many  men  distinguished  in 
science  &  the  arts  ;  8  popes,  nearly  200 
cardinals  ;  the  painters  Guido,  Albano, 
Domenichino,  &c. 

BoLONCHEN,  a  thriving  vill.  of  Centl. 


110 


CYCLOPEDIA    OK    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bom 


Amer.,  Yucatan.  P.  7,000.  In  the  vi- 
cinity is  a  deep  cavern  in  the  limestone 
rock,  where  there  is  a  copions  supply  of 
water. 

Bolor-Tagh,  a  great  mntn.  chain  of 
Central  Asia,  which  separates  the  Chi- 
nese Empire  on  the  E.  from  Koondooz, 
&  Kafiristan  oh  the  W.  Its  culmina- 
ting points  are  supposed  to  exceed  19,000 
ft.  in  elevation. 

BoLOTANA,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  near 
its  centre,  prov.  Nuora.     P.  3.250. 

BoLSAs,  a  riv.,  confed.  &  dep.  Mexico. 

BoLSENA,  a  town  of  Italy,  Pontif.  sta. 
on  the  N.  shore  of  the  lake  of  Bolsena. 
It  was  one  of  the  12  Etruscan  cities,  cap. 
of  the  .Volsci,  &  birth-place  of  Sejanus  ; 
but  it  is  now  a  miserable  village.  The 
lake  of  Bolsena  is  10  ni.  long  t&  8  m. 
broad. 

BoLSON  DE  Mapima,  a  wild  &  rocky 
dist.  in  the  N.  part  of  the  Mexican  con- 
federation. Area,  60,000  sq.  m.  Peo- 
pled only  by  Indian  tribes. 

BoLsovEE,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Derby. 

BoLswARD,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Friesland.     P.  4,223. 

Bolton,  p-t.,  Chittenden  co.  Vermont. 
Bough  &  mountainous.  It  lies  on  the  TV. 
range  of  the  Green  mntns.,  &  on  both.sides 

of  Onion  r. II.  p-t.,  Worcester  co.  Mass. 

betw.  Concord  &  Nashua  rivs.  P.  1,186. 
III.  t.,  Tolland  00.  Conn.,  on  an  ele- 
vated range  of  hills,  &  watered  by  brs. 

of  Hop.  r.     P.  739. IV.  p-t.,  Warren 

CO.  N.  Y.  It  has  Lake  George  on  the  E. 
&  is  drained  by  a  branch  of  the  Hudson 

riv.     P.  937. -V.  Bolton  (le  Mocks), 

a  large  manuf.  town  of  England,  co.  Lan- 
caster, on  an  affluent  of  the  Irwell.  P.  of 
the  tnship  &  Little  Bolton,  50,163.  The 
woollen  manufs.  of  Bolton,  introduced  by 
Flemings  in  1337,  wore  in  a  flourishing 
state  before  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  ; 
but  the  great  prosperity  of  the  town 
dates  from  the  introduction  of  the  inven- 
tion of  Arkwright  &  Crompton,  construct- 
ors of  the  mule-jenny,  both  natives  of 
this  parish,  which  has  since  become, 
through  their  labors,  one  of  the  princip. 
seats  of  the  English  cotton  manufacture. 
In  1838  there  were  69  cotton  mills,  em- 
ploying 9,918  hands;  &  the  average 
quantity  of  cloth  bleached  in  the  parish 
aiinuallv,  has  bsen  estimated  at  from 
6,000,000  to  7,000,000  pieces.  Bolton 
has  also  large  paper,  flax,  &  saw  mills, 
chemical  works  &  foundries. 

BoMBA,  a  vill.  of  Naples,  prov.  Ab- 
ruzzo  Cit.     P.  2,200. 

Bombay,   p-t.,    Franklin    co.    N.   Y., 


drained  by  Little  Salmon  &  St.  Kegis 
rivs.  Here  are  the  reservation  &  settle- 
ment of  the  St.  Regis  Indians.  P.  1,446. 
Bombay  Presidency,  the  most  wes- 
terly, &  the  smallest  of  the  three  piresids. 
of  British  India.  Area,  68,074  sq.  m. 
P.  6,940,277.  The  W.  Ghauts  separate 
the  W.  or  marit.  from  the  E.dists.  which 
latter  form  a  part  of  the  great  table- 
land of  the  Deccan.  In  the  N.  the  mntns. 
belong  to  the  Sautpoora  &  other  ranges. 
Princip.  rivs.,  the  Nerbudda,  Taptee, 
Mhye,  &  Sabermutty,  falling  into  the 
gulf  of  Cambay.  Climate  for  the  most 
part  less  hot  &  more  healthy  than  in 
the  other  presids.  Rice  &  cotton  are  the 
princip.  articles  of  culture.  Some  sugar 
&  indigo  are  raised  in  Candeish.  The  N. 
dists.  are  famous  for  their  great  variety 
of  fruits.  Wool  has  lately  been  exported 
in  considerable  quantities  from  Bombay* 
The  cattle  of  Gujerat,  are.  a  large  & 
fine  breed ;  'SY.  of  the  ghauts  the  ox  & 
buffalo  are  almost  the  only  domestic  ani- 
mals. •  Princip.  manufs.  are  embroidered 
silks,  &  woollen  &  cotton  cloths.  The 
Parsees  are  now  almost  confined  to  this 
part  of  Asia.  Total  net  rev.  in  1842-3, 
2,091, 395Z.;  expend.  2,124,299Z.  Etph- 
instone  college  was  founded  in  1837,  & 
there  are  120  schools  for  the  native  Hin- 
doos, in  which  from  8  to  900  boys  receive 
education,  besides  nearly  2,000  native 
village  schools.  Bombay  was  the  earli- 
est possession  of  the  British  in  the  east. 
It  was  ceded  by  the  Moguls  to  the  Portu- 
guese in  1530,  &  it  came  into  the  pos- 
session of  the  English  in  1662,  as  a  part 
of  the  dowry  of  the  Infanta  of  Portugal, 
on  her  marriage  with  Charles  II. 

Bombay,  a  city,- seaport  &  cap.  of  the 
above  presidency,  is  situated  on  a  narrow 
neck  of  land  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the 
island  of  Bombay.  P.  235,000.  Of  these, 
two  thirds  are  Hindoos,  20,000  Pai-sees, 
&  the -rest  Mussulmans,  Jews,  &  Chris- 
tians. Principal  edifices  in  the  fort  are 
the  court-house,  secretariate,  &  other 
government  ofBces.  The  harbor  of  Bom- 
bay is  one  of  the  handsomest  in  India,  & 
affords  good  anchorage  for  ships  of  the 
largest  burden.  Nest  to  C-alcutta  &  Can- 
ton, Bomb.^y  is  the  principal  commercial 
emporium  in  the  east.  Total  value  of 
the  imports  8,992,212Z.,  of  which  piece 
goods  amounted  to  1,436,084/.,  metals 
514,697/.,  and  cotton  417,155/.  Value  of 
exports  8,742,237/.  including  cotton  to 
the  value  of  2,105,815/.;  of  which,  goods 
amounting  to  3,557,567/.  went  to  China. 
&  others  to  1,704,624Z.  were  shipped  for 
Great  Britain. 


B0»] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


Ill 


BoM-FiM,  sev.  towns  &  vills.  of  Brazil. 

1,  prov.   Goyaz. II.  prov.  Rio  de 

Janeiro  ;  others  in  provs.  Minas,  Geraes, 
Maranhao,  &  Bahia. 

Bom-Jardim,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov. 

Crato.       P.  6,000. II.  a  vill.,    prov. 

BaMa,  dist.  S.  Amara.     P.  1,200. 

BoMMEL,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 

prov.  Guelderland.     P.  3,600. ll.  den 

Bommel,  a  vill.  S.  Holland,  isl.  Over- 
flakkee.     P.  1,199. 

BoMMEL-FioRD,  a  Strait  bet\r.  the  isls. 
Storen  &  Bommel-Oe,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Norway. 

BoMMELWAARD,  an  isl.  of  the  Nether- 
lands, prov.  Guelderland. 

BoMST,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
cap.  circ,  reg.'  Posen.     P.  2,250. 

BoM-SuccEsso,  a  vill.  of  Brazil,  prov. 
Minas-Geraes. 

Bona,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  A\r 
geria,  prov.  Constantine,  on  a  bay  of 
the  Mediterranean;  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Seboos.  P.  9,799.  But  Bona  has 
greatly  improved  since  possessed  by  the 
French. 

BoN-AiRE,  an  isl.,  W.  Indies.  . 

Bona-Bona,  one'  of  the  Society  Isls., 
Pacific  ocean.     P.  1,800. 

Bon  (Cape),  a  headland  of  N.  Africa, 
in  the  Mediterranean. 

BoNATi,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  prin- 
cip.  Citra.     P.  3,038. 

BONAVENTURA, 

BoNAviSTA,  a  bay,  cape,  &  station  on 
the  E.  coast  of  Newfoundland. 

Bond,  county,  III.,  drained  by  a 
branch  of  the  Kaskaskia  r.  P.  6,144. 
Cap.  Greenville. 

BoNDENO,  Padinum,  a  town  of  N. 
f  Italy,  Pontif.  states.  P.  3,160. 
*  -  -  BoNDOu,  a  little  known  country  of  W. 
Africa.  Climate  healthy.  Sijrface  ele- 
vated &  well-watered ;  the  rivs.  are 
tributs.  of  the  Gambia  &  Senegal,  &  the 
Faleme  forms  the  E.  boundary.  Cattle 
^re  a  prinoix^al  source  of  wealth.  Bon- 
dou  has  a  transit  trade  in  slaves,  salt, 
iron,  butter,  &  gold-dust.  The  pop., 
which  is  said  to  be  very  dense,  is  sup- 
posed to  be  of  Arabic  origin,  and  is 
mostly  Mohammedan.  Government  mon- 
archical.    Principal  town,  Bulibani. 

BoNDUES,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Nord.     P.  2,841. 

Boi^DY,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Seine, 
near  the  forest  of  Bondy.     P.  2,385. 

BoNEFRO,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Mo- 
lirc.     P.  3,700. 

Bong,  prov.  of  Burmah. 

BoNi,  an  indep.  state  of  the  isl.  Ce- 
lebes, S.  Pacific,  on  E.  coast  of  the  W. 


penins.  &  on  the  bay  of  Boni.  This  state, 
though  of  recent  origin,  is  the  most 
powerful  in  Celebes. — The  gidf  of  Boni, 
called  also  Bughis  bay,  is  about  200  m. 
in  length,  by  from  40  to  80  m.  in  breadth. 
Bonifacio,  a  seaport  town  of  Corsica, 
cap.  cant.,  on  a  small  penins.  in  the 
strait  of  same  name.  P.  3,120.  It  has 
a  secure  harbor,  &  a  considerable  trade. 
BoNiFATi,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Ca- 
labria Citra.     P.  2,300. 

BoNiLLA  &  BoNiLLO,  two  towns  of 
Spain,  the  former,  prov.  Avila,  with 
1,700  inhabs. ;  the  latter,  prov.  Albacete. 
P.  5,980. 

BoNiN,  in  N.  Pacific,  consists  of  three 
groups,  the  most  northerly,  called  Parry 
Isls.,  &  the  most  southerly,  Baily  Isls. 

BoNiN-SiMA,  a  group  of  small  isls.  in 
the  Pacific  ocean,  inhabited  by  a  colony 
of  Japanese. 

BoNisTALLO,  a  dist.  &  vill.  of  the  grand 
duchy  of  Tuscany,  with  a  grand  ducal 
villa  &  priory.     P.  1,425. 

BoNiTO,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  prin- 
cipi  Cit.     P.  3,700. 

BoNMAHON,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Ireland, 
CO.  Waterford,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Mahon.  P.  1,771.  Near  it  are  the  cop- 
per mines  of  Knockmahon. 

Bonn,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Fribourg,  with  mineral  springs  &  baths. 
Bonn,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on 
1.  b.  of  the  Rhine,  cap.  circ.  P  14,369. 
Bonn  is  the  seat  of  a  celeb,  university, 
founded  in  1818,  &  occupying  an  old 
castle  of  the  electors  of  Cologne.  It  has 
a  library  of  100,000  vols.,  with  a  museum 
of  Rhenish  antiquities.  In  1844,  it  was 
attended  by  714  students.  Connected 
with  the  university  there  is  an  observa- 
tory, a  rich  botanic  garden  &  museum  of 
natural  history.  Bonn  is  the  seat  of  a 
superior  mining  court,  &  has  an  active 
commerce,  &  manufs.  of  cotton,  silk,  & 
tobacco.     It  is  a  very  ancient  town. 

BoNNAT,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Creuse. 
P.  2,702. 

Bonne    Femme,   t.,  Howard  co.   Mo. 
P.  988. 
Bonne  Homme,  t.,  St.  Genevieve  co. 

Mo.     P.  436. II.  t.,  St.  Louis  co.  Mo. 

1  acad.     P.  2,51.6. 

Bonne  Caere,  cap.  St.  John  Baptist 
pa.  La.,  on  a  remarkable  bend  in  the 
Mississippiof  same  name. 

Bonnet-le-Chateau  (St.),  a  town  of 
France,  dep.  Loire.  P.  2,035. —  There 
are  numerous  comms.  &  vills.  in  France 
of  the  name  of  St.  Bonnet. 

Bonnetable,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Sarthe.     P.  3,247. 


112 


Cl'CLOP^DIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[boo 


BoNNEvAL,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Eure-et-Loir,  on  the  Loir,  here  crossed 
by  numerous  bridges.     P.  1,780. 

BoxNEviLLE,  a  town  of  Savoy,  cap. 
prov.,  circ.  Eaucigny,  on  the  Arve.  P. 
1,620. 

BONNIERES  &  BONNIEUX,  twO  vllls.  of 

France. 1,  dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  on  the 

Paris  &  Havi-e  railway. II.  dep.  Vau- 

cluse,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,256. 

BoNNiNGHEiM,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
circ.  Neclcar.  P.  2,270.  It  has  a  roj'al 
resid. 

Bonny,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Loiret, 
on  the  Loire.     P.  1,608. 

Bonny  River,  one  of  the  arms  of  the 
Niger,  at  its  delta  between  the  Old  & 
New  Calabar  rivs.  Bonny-town  is  on  the 
E.  bank  near  its  mouth. 

Bono,  a  vill.  of  isl.  Sardinia,  prov. 
Nuoro,  on  the  Tirsi.     P.  3,080. 

BoNOA,  an  isl.  of  the  Malay  archip., 
with  a  Dutch  trading  station. 

BoNORVA,  a  vill.  of  the  isl.  Sardinia. 
P.  4,572. 

BoNTHAiN,  a  seaport  town  of  the  isl. 
Celebes,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the  W. 
peninsula. 

Boo  Islands,  a  small  group,  Asiatic 
archip.     Inhabite'd  &  fertile. 

BooDROOM,  a  seaport  town  of  Asia- 
Minor,  Anatolia,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the 
gulf  of  Kos.  P.  11,000.  (?)  It  stands  on 
a  declivity  facing  a  deep  bay,  &  has  a^ 
small  but  good  harbor.  Principal  edifices, 
a  castle,  built  by  the  knights  of  Rhodes ; 
a  governor's  residence,  &  some  mosques. 
II.  a  ruined  city,  Anatolia,  the  re- 
mains of  which  comprise  7  or  8  temples, 
a  theatre,  &o. 

BooJNOORD,  a  consid.  town  of  Persia, 
prov.  Khorassan. 

BooLEY,  a  town  of  Guinea,  dom.  Benin, 
on  the  S.  side  of  Benin  riv. 

BooLUNDSHAHUR,  a  dist.  of  British 
India,  presid.  Bengal,  Upper  provs.  P. 
446,358. 

Boom,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov.  Ant- 
werp, with  a  small  port  on  the  Rupel.  P. 
6,223.  It  has  an  active  trade,  &  the  most 
extensive  brick  &  tile  works  in  the  kgdm. 

Boondee,  a  state  of  Hindostan,  tribu- 
tary to  the  British  in  Rajpootana. 

BooNDEE,  a  city  of  Hindostan,  cap. 
above  state.  It  consists- of  anew  &  an 
old  town,  the  former  enclosed  by  a  high 
stone  wall,  &  having  a  noble  high  street, 
stone  houses,  a  palace,  &  numerous  tem- 
ples, fountains,  &  sculptures. 

BooNE,  CO.,  Ky.,  in  the  extreme  N.  part 
of  the  state  on  the  Ohio  r. ;  surface  une- 
ven ;    soil   productive.     Produces  large 


quantities  of  wheat,  Indian  corn,  &  to- 
bacco. Some  manufacs.  Three  acad. 
P.  11,185. II.  CO.,  Indiana,  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  state.     P.  11,631.     Soil 

fertile.     Cap.  Lebanon. III.  co..  111., 

in  the  N.  part  of  the  state.  Soil  excel- 
lent, drained  by  Kishwaukie  r.    P.  7,626. 

IV.  CO.,  Mo.,  in  the  central  part  of 

the  state  ;  drained  by  Rock  &  Cedar  crs. 
It  has  numerous  tanneries  &  distilleries. 

P.   14,979. V.  new  co.,  W.  Virginia. 

P.  3,237. VI.  CO.,  Iowa.     P.  735. 

VII.  t.,  Warrick  co.,  la.     P.  1,722. 

VIII.  t.,  Harrison  co.,  la.    P.  2,058. 

IX.  t.,  Franklin  co..  Mo. 
BooKESBOROUGH,  p-t.,  Washington  co. 

Md. II.  p-v.,  Madison  co.  Ky. 

Boone  Lick,  t.,  Howard  co.  Mo.  P. 
1,005. 

BooNEviLLE,  p-t.,  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.,  is 
on  the  Black  r.,  &  the  head- waters  of  the 

Mohawk.      P.   5,516. rll.    p-v.,    cap. 

Scott  CO.  Ark. III.  p-v.,  cap.  Warrick 

CO.  la.,  tietween  Pigeon  &  Cypress  crs.  P. 
240. — __ — IV.  city,  p-v.,  &  cap.  Cooper  co. 
Mo.,  situated  on  the  S.  bank  of  Missouri. 
Its  foundation  is  lime-stone  rock.  P.  2,581. 

BooRHANPOOR,  a  city  of  India,  Gwalior 
dom.,  on,  the  Taptee.  It  is  one  of  the 
largest  &  best  built  cities  of  the  Deccan. 

Bo'ORLOs,  a  lake  of  Lower  Egypt. 

BooRO,  an  island  of  the  Asiatic  archip. 
P.  60,000.  It  is  mntns.,  well  watered,  & 
fertile. 

BooROJiRD,  a  town  of  Persia,  prov. 
Irak-Ajemi,  in  a  fertile  valley,  &  said  to 
have  12,000  inhabitants. 

Boosnah,  a  town  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid. Bengal. 

Bootan;  a  country  of  N.  Hindostan. 
The  Himalaya  here  rises  to  25,000  feet 
in  elev.  P.  r,500,000.  (?)  Surface  wholly 
mntnous.,  with  a  general  slope  southward. 
Among  its  principal  products  are  oak, 
pine,  &  other  timber.  Some  wheat,  bar- 
ley, rice,  maize,  &  buckwheat  are  raised 
in  terraces  along  the  hillsides.  Except 
potter's  clay,  iron  appears  to  be  the  only 
mineral  raised,  though  Bootan  is  reported 
to  be  rich  in  copper  &  other  metals.  Chf. 
manufs.  are  of  woven  goods,  paper,  a  spe- 
cies of  satin  from  bark,  tobacco-pouches, 
gunpowder,  arms,  &  hardwares.  Princip. 
trade  is  with  Bengal.  Towns  are  few; 
the  principal  are  Tassisudon  &  Punakka. 
The  state  religion  is  Buddhism,  &  Bootan 
swarms  with  priests,  the  monastic  endow- 
ments absorbing  a  large  part  of  the  na- 
tional property. 

BooTHAUK,  a-vill.,  Afghanistan.  Here 
commences  the  series  of  defiles  between 
Cabool  ■&  Jelalabad. 


bor] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


113 


Booth  Bay,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.  Maine, 
betvveoa  the  Sheepscot  &  Daniariscotta 
rivs.  It  has  an  excellent  harbor.  Many 
persons  emploj'ed  in  the  fisheries.  P. 
2,631. 

Boothia  Felix,  an  insular  portion  of 
British  N.  America,  e.-stending  into  the 
Arctic  ocean.  Boothia  gulf,  on  its  E. 
side,  a  southward  continuation  of  Prince 
Kegent  inlet,  separates  it  from  Cockburn 
isl.  &  Melville  peninsula. 

BooTLE,  a  town  of  England,  eo.  Cum- 
berland, on  the  Irish  sea. II.  a  tnshp., 

CO.  Lancaster,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mersey. 
P.  1,962. 

BpOTON,  an  isl.  of  the  Asiatic  archip. 
Area,  1,800  sq.  m.  The  island  is  elev. 
&  fertile.  The  Dutch  formerly  sent  an 
officer  here  annually  to  destroy  the  clove 
trees,  so  as  to  secure  their  monopoly  of 
the  clove  trade.  The  town  Booton  is  at 
the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  isl.  The  strait 
of  Booton,  from  15  to  20  ni.  in  width,  sep- 
arates this  island  from  Pangaosani  & 
Celebes. 

BoPFiNGEN,  a  town  of  ^iirtemberg, 
circ.  Jaxt,  on  the  Eger.     P.  1,'560. 

BoppARD,  a  town  of  Bhenish  Prussia, 
on  the  Rhine.  P.  3,680.  It  owed  its 
origin  to  a  fort  built  by  Drusus.  In  the 
middle  ages  it  was  an  imperial  city. 

BoRAHOLM,  an  uninhabited  island, 
Orkney. 

Boras,  a  town  of  Sweden.     P.  2,328. 

BoBBA,  a  vill.  of  Portugal,  prov.  Alem- 

tejo.     P.  3,500. II.  a  town  of  Brazil, 

prov.  Para,  on  the  Madeira. 

Bordeaux,  a  city  in  S.W.  of  France, 
cap.  dep.  Gii'onde,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Garonne. 
p.  120,203.  It  communicates  by  railway 
with  the  port  of  La  Teste,  &  by  another 
(in  course  of  construction)  with  Paris. 
Bordeaux  is  one  of  the  most  flourishing 
cities  of  Europe  in  point  of  industry,  com- 
merce, &  the  cultivation  of  the  arts  & 
sciences.  Situated  on  a  navigable  river, 
in  this  part  about  2,600  ft.  broad,  &  from 
60  to  90  ft.  deep,  which  puts  it  in  com- 
munication on  one  side  with  the  ocean,  & 
on  the  other  with  the  Mediterranean,  by 
the  Canal  du  Midi,  it  has  become  the 
first  port  in  the  South  of  France.  Its 
basin,  formed  by  the  Garonne,  is  capable 
of  containing  1,200  ships  of  any  size,  &,  is 
accessible  even  for  ships  of  600  tons  at  all 
times  of  the  tide  ;  it  hasdooks  &  building 
yards  for  every  size  of  vessels,  even  for 
ships  of  the  line.  Its  commerce  extends 
to  all  parts  of  the  world.  Its  principal 
exports  are  wines,  brandy,  &  fruits ;  chf. 
imports,  colonial  merchandise,  cotton 
goods,   iron,   coal,    &    building    timber. 


Reg.  shipping  (1841),  68,566  tons.  For- 
eign shipping  to  the  amount  of  103,461 
tons  entered,  &  101,719  tons  sailed  from 
the  port  in  1842.  Before  the  revolution 
the  annual  export  of  wine  amounted  to 
100,000  hogsheads;  in  1827,  the  amount 
was  54,492.  The  principal  fruits  exptd. 
from  Bordeaux,  are  plums  and  almonds. 
The  exchange,  the  Palais  Royal,  the 
triumphal  arch  of  the  port  Bourgogne, 
&  especially  the  magnificent  bridge 
across  the  Garonne,  which  consists  of  17 
arches,  &  is  1,595  feet  in  length.  Under 
the  name  of  Burdigala,  this  was  a  rich 
&  important  place  at  the  time  of  the  con- 
quest by  the  Romans.  The  wines  of  Bor- 
deaux were  celebrated  as  early  as  the  4th 
century.  The  city  was  sacked  by  the 
Visigoths,  who  were  driven  from  it  by 
Clovis.  It  was  ravaged  by  the  Saracens 
&  Normans  in  the  8th  &  9th  centuries, 
&  came  into  the  possession  of  the  dukes 
of  Gascony  in  911.  In  1152  it  passed, 
by  the  marriage  of  Henry  Plantagenet 
with  Eleonore  of  Guienne,  under  the  do- 
minion of  England ;  since  1453  it  has 
belonged  to  France. 

BoRDENTOWN,  Burlington  co.  N.  J.,  on 
E.  bank  of  the  Del."  riv.  It  is  built  on  a 
plain,  65  feet  above  the  level  of  river.  A 
viaduct  of  the  Camden  &  Amboy  R.  R. 
passes  through  the  place,  beneath  its 
principal  streets.  It  is  an  attractive  & 
healthy  place,  &  the  favorite  resort  of 
the  peo-ple  of  Philadelphia  in  the  summer 
season.  A  splendid  mansion  was  erected 
here  by  Joseph  Bonaparte,  who  chose 
this  village  for  his  place  of  residence 
while  in  the  U.  S.     P.  2,500. 

BoRbEREs,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  H. 

Pyrenees.    P.  1,631. Les  Bordes  is  a 

small  town  of  France,  dep.  Ariege. 

BoRDESHOLM,  a  viU.  of  Denmark,  Hol- 
stein. 

BoEEE,  a  fortfd.  town  of  Afghanistan, 
prov.  of  Sewestan. 

BoRERAY,  a   small  fertile  isl.  of  the 

Hebrides. II.  an  island,  2  m.  N.  St. 

Kilda. 

BoBGENTREicH,  a  town  of  Prussiau 
Westphalia.     P.  1,820. 

BoBGHETTO,  the  name  of  several  towns 

&,  vills.  of  Italy. 1.  Lombardy.     P. 

2,200. II.  deleg.  Verona,  on  the  Mm- 

cio.    P.  2,500. III.  Sard.  dom.  Genoa. 

P.  1,500. 

BoEGHOLM,  a  town  of  Sweden,  cap.  isl. 
Oeland,  with  a  harb. 

BoRGHOLZ,  a  vill.  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, on  the  Bever.     P.  1,270. 

BoRGHOLZHAUsEN,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Westphalia.     P.  1,390. 


114 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bor 


BoBGiA,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Calab. 
TJlt.  II.,  cap.  cant.  Catanzaro.     P.  3,300. 

BoRGNE,  lake  or  bay  connected  with 
the  gulf  of  Mexico  by  Pascagoula  sound, 
&  on  the  N.W.  with  Lake  Ponehartrain, 
by  2  bayous.  Length,  40  m. ;  breadth, 
15  m. 

BoHGo,  a  seaport  town  of  Finland,  on 
a  bay  of  the  gulf  of  Finland.     P  2,038. 

II.  a  vill.,  Austrian  empire,  Tyrol, 

ontheBrenta.  P.  2,000.  There  are  vills. 
of  same  name  in  Cephalonia,  Greece,  & 
Corsica. 

BoRGO  is  a  prefix  to  the-names  of  many 
places  in  Italy.- — ■ — -I.  (i?.  a  Buggiano) 

Tuscany.   P.  1,677. II.  {B.  Mozzano) 

Lucca. III.  {B.  forte)  Lombardy,  on 

L  b.of  the  Po.     P.  3,500. IV.  {B.  La- 

vezzano)  Piedmont.     P.  2,170. -V.  {B. 

Masino)  Piedmont,  prov.  Ivrea.   P.  2,066. 

VI.  {B.  Nuovo]  Piacenza.     P.  2,830. 

VII.  Parma,   P.  1,200. VIII.  (B.  San 

Dalmazzo)  Piedmont,-  prov.   Coni.      P. 

3,600. IX.  (Sesia)  Sard,  dom.,  prov. 

JSTovara.  P.  3,000. X.  {B.  San  Lo- 
renzo) Tuscany,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Sieve.  P. 
3,230. 

BoRGOMANEHO,  a  town  of  Piedmont, 
province  Novara.  P.  7,095.  It  is  well 
built. 

BoRGO  San  Donino,  a  town  of  N.Italy, 
duchy  of  Parma,  cap.  dist.     P.  4,000. 

BoRGO  San'Sepolcro,  a  town  of  Tus- 
cany, prov.  Florence,  on  the  Tiber.  P 
4,297.  Its  cathedral,  &  numrs.  churches 
are  adorned  with  fine  works  of  art. 
Borgo  is  also  the  prefix  of  the  following 
towns :  {B.  Taro),  Parma,  on  the  Taro. 

II.   {B.  Ticino),   Sard,  dom.,  div.  & 

prov.    Novara.      P.    1,851. III.    div. 

Novara,  prov.  Vercelli.     P.  2,586. 

BoRGOO,  a  kingdom  of  Africa,  Soudan, 
W.  of  the  Quorra.  Principal  towns, 
Boussa,  Kiama,  &  Nilii. II.  a  king- 
dom of  Africa,  E.  Soudan. 

BoKGUE,  a  marit.  pa.  of  Scotland.  P. 
1,117. 

BoRiNAGE,  a  small  dist.  of  Belgium, 
prov.  Hainault,  important  for  its  coal' 
mines.    P.  32,000. 

BoRissoGLBBSK,  two  towns  of  Eussia. 

■ 1,   gov.  Tambov,  cap.   circ,  on  the 

Vorona.   P.  2,500. II.  gov.  Yaroslavl, 

on  the  Wolga.     P.  4,000. 

BoRissov,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Minsk,  on  the  Berezina.  Near  this,  at 
the  vill.  of  Studienka,  the  disastrous 
passage  of  the  Berezina  was  elFected  by 
the  French  army,  26th  &  27th  Nov.  1812. 
— Borispol  is  a  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Tchernigov. 

BORJA,  a  town  of  Spain,  Aragon,  prov. 


Zaragoza.     P.  3,242. II.  a  town  of  S. 

Amer.,  Ecuador,  on  the  Amazon. 

BoRJAs,  an  anc.  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Lerida.     P.  2,019. 

BoRKEN,  two  towns  of  Germany. 1. 

Prussian  Westphalia.    P.  3,000. II.  a 

town  of  Hessen-Cassel,  prov.  Lower  Hes- 
sen.     P.  1,373. 

BoRKAL,  a  river  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
60  m.  long.^Borkulo  is  a  town  on  its  left 
bank,  in  Gelderland.     P.  1,200. 

BoRKUM,  an  island  in  the  North  sea, 
belonging  to  Hanover,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Ems.     P.  485. 

BoRMEs,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Var. 
P.  1,599. 

BoRMiDA,  a  river  of  Piedmont. 

BoRMio,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Lombardy, 
prov.  Sondrio,  near  1.  b.  of  the  Adda.  P. 
1,200. 

BoRNA,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circ.  Leipzig. 
P.  3,804. 

BoRNAND,    2  towns    of    Savoy. 1. 

{Grand),  prov.  Faucigny.  P.  2,500.— — 
II.  (Pe^i/;),  same  prov.     P.  2,000. 

Borne,  a  small  river  of  England,  co. 
Warwick. 

Borne,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Over  Yssel.     P.  2,600. 

Borneo,  an  isl.  of  Malaysia,  near  the 
centre  of  the  Eastern  archipelago,  in  the 
Pacific  ocean,  divided  by  the  equator  into 
two  nearly  equal  portions.  Borneo  is, 
next  to  Australia,  the  largest  isl.  on  the 
globe.  It  is  of  a  compact  form,  &  has 
few  great  indentations  of  the  sea,  but 
many  extensive  bays  &  creeks.  Length 
800  m.,  breadth  700  m.  Estimated  area, 
300,000  sq.  m.  P.  3,000,000.  The  shores 
are  in  general  low  &  often  marshy ;  they 
are  surrounded  by  numerous  islets  & 
rocks.  Mt.  Kini  Balu  is  13,698  ft.  in 
elevation.  The  chief  rivers  are,  the  Bor- 
neo or  Brunai,  the  Seriboe,  the  Batang- 
lopar,  a  magnificent  river,  the  mouth  of 
which  is  4-  m.  wide,  the  Morotaba  or  Sa- 
rawak, the  Pontianak,  the  Majak,  the 
Pembuan,  Sampet,  &  Mendawa,  the 
Kahajan  &  Murong.  The  only  known 
lake  of  importance  is  that  of  Kini  Balu, 
about  35  m.  long,  &  30  m.  broad.  The 
climate  is  tropical  in  the  interior,  but  on 
the  N.  coast  it  is  qujte  European.  Min- 
eral riches  are  very  valuable  ;  they  com- 
prise gold,  silver,  diamonds,  ajutimony 
ore,  tin,  iron,  &  coal.  The  chief  diamond 
mines  are  those  of  Landak,  in  the  Chi- 
nese territory,  50  m.  N.E.  Pontianak,  on 
river  of  that  name,  where,  300  years  ago, 
one  of  the  largest  known  diamonds,  weigh- 
ing 367  carats,  was  found.  The  gold  of 
Sambas  yields  half  a  million  sterling  an- 


bos] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


115 


nually.  Excellent  coal  is  worked  in 
several  places.  The  animals  which  have 
been  observed  comprise  the  elephant, 
rhinoceros,  &  leopard.  The  Dyaks  are 
thg  aborigines  of  Borneo ;  are  divided 
into  numerous  distinct  tribes,  the  chief 
being  those  of  the  interior,  or  hill  Dyaks, 
&  the  Dyaks  of  the  coast,  many  of  whom 
are  daring  pirates,  &■  cannibalism  exists 
among  many  of  them.  The  Malay  in- 
habitants have  adopted  some  European 
customs,  &  are  capable  of  a  great  degree 
of  civilization.  The  Chinese,  settled  on 
the  "W".  &  S.  coasts,  are  industrious  &  ac- 
tive. The  capital  is  Sarawak.  P.  12,000. 
The  authority  of  the  Dutch  extends  over 
a  great  portion  of  the  island. 

BoBNEO,  or  BsAinsri,  cap.  prov.  of  same 
name,  near  the  N.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Borneo,  &  on  1.  b.  of  the  riv.  Brauni.  It 
is  built  on  piles  in  the  river.  P.  22,000.  (?) 

BoRNHOLM,  an  island  in  the  Baltic, 
belonging  to  Denmark,  off  the  S.  coast 
of  Sweden.  Area,  with  3  small,  islands, 
Christiansoe,  Fredericksholm,  &  Glra- 
sholm,  230  sq.  m.  P.  26,600.  Surface 
in  general  mountainous  ;  shores  steep  & 
rocky;,  highest  point,  Rytterknagten 
mntn.,  506  ft.  It  yields  a  good  building- 
stone,  blue  marble,  potters'  clay,  &  coal. 

BoRNOs,  a  town  of  Spain,  Andalucia, 
prov.  Cadiz.     P.  4,826. 

BoRNOu,  a  country  of  central  Africa, 
Soudan,  having  N.  Kanem  &  Sahara,  E. 
Lake  Tchad  &  Begharmi,  S.  Mandara,  & 
W .  Houssa.  Lake  Tchad  appears  to  re- 
ceive all  the  waters  of  Bornou.  -  The  chf. 
rivers  are  the  Shary  &  the  Yeou.  Cli- 
mate excessive  ;  temperature  in  summer 
(March  to  June),  104°  to  107°  Fahr. 
The  dry  season  is  from  April  to  October, 
&  the  rainy  season  during  remainder  of 
the  year.  Surface  level  &  fertile  ;  an- 
nually inundated  ;  chief  products,  millet, 
barley,  beans,  maize,  cotton,  &  indigo. 
The  principal  wealth  of  the  inhabitants 
is  in  slaves  &  cattle.  ""'Chief  exports, 
slaves,  gold-dust,  &  civet.  The  mass  of 
the  people  (Kanowry)  are  negroes,  pro- 
fessing feticism,  divided  in  tribes,  & 
speaking  different  idioms. 

Borodino,  a  vill.  of  Russia,  gov.  Mos- 
cow, on  the  Kologa,-  celebrated  for  the 
great  victory 'gained  by  the  French  over 
tlie    Russians,    7th   September,   1812,    & 

called   the    battle   of    Moskwa. New 

Borodino  is  a  recent  settl.  of  exiles  in 
Siberia,  gov.  Yenisiesk. 

Boeoojird,  a  town  of  Pe'i;sia,  prov. 
Irak- Aj mi,  on  the  Ab-Zal.     P.  12,000. 

Borough,  a  vill.  of  S.  Wales,  co.  Car- 
marthen.    P.  6,846. 


BoROUGHBRiDGE,  a  towD  of  England, 
CO.  York,  on  the  riv.  Ure.     P.  1,024. 

BoROviTCHi,    the     name    of    several 

towns  of  Russia. 1,  gov.  Novgorod, 

cap.  circ.     P.  4,000. II.  gov.  Tcherni- 

gov. III.  gov.  Pskov. 

BoROvsK,'  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Ka- 
luga, on  the  Protva,  cap.  dist.     P.  5,000. 

BoRRioL,  a  town  of  Spain,  Valencia. 
P.  2,069. 

BoRRis,  a  vill.  of  Ireland,  co.  Carlow. 
P.  950. 

Borris-O'-Kane,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
CO.  Tipperary.     Pi  1,625. 

Borris-O'-Leagh,  a  small  town  of 
Ireland,  co.  Tipperary.     P.  1,438. 

BoRROMEAN  Islands,  a  grouja  of  4 
small  isls.  of  Sard,  dom.,  prov.  Pallanza, 
in  the  bay  of  Tosa. 

BoRROwsTOUNNEss,  a  s'caport  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  Linlithgow,  on  a  low  peninsula 
in- the  firth  of  Forth.  P.  2,347.  The 
coal  mines  of  the  pa.  extend  under  the 
bed  of  the  Forth  so  as  almost  to  meet 
those  of  Culross  from  the  opposite  side. 
Near  Bo'ness  is  Kinniel  house,  long  the 
residence  of  the  philosopher  Dugald 
Stewart. 

BoRSA,  a  vill.  of  Hungary,  co.  Mar- 
maros,  on  the  Viso.  P.  3,478.  Silver  & 
cop{)or  mines  in  its  ■sicinity. 

BoEsNA,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Tcher- 
nigov.     P.  1,200. 

BoRSOD,  prov.  Hungary.-  The  dist. 
extends  oa  both  sides  of  the  riv.  Sajo,  & 
is  one  'of  the  most  fertile  in  the  kgdm. 
Chief  products  grain,  wine  &  fruits  ;  cat- 
tle are  e.xtens.  reared,  &  its  commerce  is 
important.     P.  183,184. 

BoRT,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Correze, 
cap.  cant.  P.  1,685.  Birth-place  of 
Marmontel. 

BoRTHwicK,  a  pa.  of  Scotland,  co. 
Edinburgh. 

BoETiGALi,  a  vill.  of  Sardinia,  proT. 
Cagliari.     P.  2,920. 

BoRYSTHBNES,  a  riv.  of  Russia.     * 

BoRzoNAscA,  a  vill.  of  Sardinian  sta. 
P.  4,810.     Manufs.  of  cloth. 

BosA,  a  seaport  town  of  the  isl.  Sar- 
dinia, at  the  mouth  of  the  Termo.  P. 
6,250.     Its  harbor  is  safe. 

BoscAwEN,  p-t.,  Merrimack  eo.  N.  H. 
on  the  W.  side  of  Merrimae  r.  Black- 
water  r.  which  passes  through  the  town 
affords  fine  mill  seats.  Some  manufacs. 
of  leather.     P.  2,063. 

BoscAwEN  Island,  a  small  isl.  of  the 
Pacific  0.,  Navig.  group. 

Bosco,    a    town    of   Piedmont,   prov. 

Alessandria.       P.    3,450. II.    {Tre- 

case),  a  town  of  Naples,  Castellamare,  on 


116 


CYCLOPiEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPEIV. 


[bos 


the  S.  declivity  of  Mt.  Vesuvius.  P. 
8,500.  It  has  a  royal  inanuf.  of  arms  & 
gunpowder. 

BosDARROs,  a  vill.  of  Prance,  dep.  B. 
Pyrenees.     P.  1,935. 

BosJEAN,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Saune- 
et-Loire.     P.  1,015. 

Bosjesman's  country,  a  region  of  S. 
Africa,  N.  of  the  colonial  territory  of  the 
cape  of  Good  Hope.  The  inhabitants,  a 
race  of  Hottentots,  are  the  most  diminu- 
tive &  savage  of  these  regions. 

BosKOOP,  a  vill.  of  the  jSTetherlands. 
P.  1,834. 

BosKOwiTZ,  a  town  of  Austria,  Mora- 
via.    P.  2,962. 

BosMiTCH,  a  riv.  &  village  of  Persia, 
prov.  Azerbijan. 

BosNA,  ariv.  of  Europ.  Turkey,  Bosnia. 

BosNA  Serai,  a  town  of  European 
Turkey,  cap.  of  the  prov.  of  Bosnia.  P. 
40,000'.  (7)  It  is  the  seat  of  many  of  the^ 
chief  authorities  of  the  prov. ;  has  ma- 
nufs.  of  fire-arms,  jewellery,  leather  & 
woollen  goods,  &  is  the  principal  entrepot 
for  the  commerce  of  Turkey,  Dalmatiia, 
Croatia,  &  S.  Germany.  In  the  vicinity 
are  extensive  iron  mines,  &  the  mineral 
baths  of  Sera'ievsko. 

Bosnia,  a  prov.  of  European  Turkey, 
comprising  Bosnia  Proper,  Turkish  Croa- 
tia, &  Herzegovina,  situated  at  the  ex- 
treme W.  part  of  the  empire.  Area 
18,800  sq.  m.  P.  900,000.  Surface  al- 
most wholly  mntns.,  is  traversed  by  the 
chain  of  the  Uinaric  Alps.  A  great  part 
of  it  is  situated  in  the  basin  of  the  D.m- 
ube.  The  soil  is  in  general  ill  suited  for 
cultivation,  except  in  the  valley  of  the 
Save.  On  the  N.  slopes  of  the  Dinaric 
Alps  are  extensive  forests.  Wheat,  bar- 
ley, &  maize,  are  raised;  and  in  the  S. 
districts,  flax,  tobacco,  wines,  &  olives. 
Fruits  are  cultivated  in  great  abundance, 
especially  prunes,  of  which  a  species  of 
wine  is  prepared.  The  rearing  of  cattle 
is  an  important  branch  of  agriculture. 
Croatia  is  renowned  for  its  honey.  The 
mntns.'  contain  gold  mines.  Manuf  in- 
dustry is  limited  to  fire-arms,  leather, 
woollen  &  cotton  stuifs,  &  gunpowder. 
Chief  exports,  le;ither.  The  Bosniaks  are 
of  Solavonian  origin,  &  a  good  many  be- 
long to  the  Greek  church.  As  a  frontier 
province,  Bosnia  is  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant in  the  empire. 

BosPHORus,  or  the  Channel  of  Con- 
stantinople, a  celeb,  strait  of  Turkey, 
which  separates  Europe  &  Asia,  &  con- 
nects the  Black  sea  with  the  sea  of  Mar- 
mara. Length  N.E.  to  S.W.  about  17 
m.,   breadth  varies  from  J  m.  to  2  m. 


Shores  generally  elevated  &  very  pictur- 
esque; on  them  are  the  town  of  Scutari, 
the  castles  of  Europe  &  Asia,  Buyuk- 
dere,  Therapia,  Pera,  the" city  of  Con- 
stantinople, &  numerous  villas.  One  of 
its  chief  gulfs  is  the  harbor  of  Constanti- 
nople,   or   the    "golden   horn." II. 

Cimmerian  Bosphorus,  an  inlet  of  the 
Black  sea. 

Bossier,  a  new  parish  of  Louisiana. 
P.  6,962. 

Bossut-les-"Walcouht,  a  vill.  of  Bel- 
gium, prov.  Hainault.  Near  this  the 
French  gained  a  victory  over  the  Aus- 
trians  in  1792. 

Bostan  (El),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, pash.  Marash,  on  the  Sihoon,  &  on 
the  N.  side  of  Mt.  Taurus.     P.  9,000. 

Boston,  city,  cap.  Mass.,  in  Suffolk  co., 
principally  situated  on  a  peninsula  3  m. 
long  &  1  broad,  at  the  W.  extremity  of 
Massachusetts  bay.  The  p.  in  1790  was 
18,038;  in  1850,  138,788.— Boston,  con- 
sists of  three  parts,  old  Boston  on  the 
peninsula.  South  Boston  once  part  of 
Dorchester,  &  East  Boston  formerly  Nod- 
dle's island.  "  The  Neck,"  over  a  mile 
long,  was  the  only  original  communica- 
tion of  the  peninsula  with  the  main  land; 
but  now  a  comoiunioation  has  been 
opened  in  various  directions  by  numerous 
bridges,  some  of  which  are  of  great  length. 
The  chief  of  these  are  Charles  river  bridge, 
West  Boston  bridge.  Canal  bridge,  &, 
Boston  Free  bridge.  Besides  these,  the 
Western  avenue  leads  to  Brookline.  This 
constitutBs  a  tide-dam  enclosing  a  pond 
of  six  hundred  acres,  which,  by  a  parti- 
tion, makes  an  avenue  from  the  main 
d  im  to  Roxbury.  The  peninsula  pf 
Boston,  had  originally  an  uneven  surface ; 
&  attempts  to  level  the  inequalities  have, 
in  the  main,  failed  of  success.  The 
streets,  laid  out  upon  no  systematic  plan, 
are  crooked  &  narrow.  The  common, 
originally  a  town  cow-pasture,  is  now  one 
of  the  first  public  grounds  in  any  city  in 
the  country.  Some- of  the  public  build- 
ings are  imposing,  &  many  of  the  private 
residences  elegant.  South  •vBoston  ex- 
tends about  2  ms.  along  S.  side  of  the 
hai'bor,  &  contains  about  600  acres.  It 
is  regularly  laid  out  in  streets  &  squares. 
In  the  centre  of  this  tract  are  the  •'  Dor- 
chester Heights,"  130  feet  high.  East 
Boston  is  on  an  island  containing  about 
660  acres  of  land  &  extensive  flats.  It 
is  connected  to  Old  Boston  by  a  steam 
ferry,  &  to  Chelsea,  by  a  bridge.  Here 
is  the  wharf  of  the  Liverpool  stea  mships, 
1,000  feet  long.  The  harbor  of  Boston  is 
spacious,  safe,  &  easily  defended ;  there 


bot] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


m 


is  no  better  in  the  TT.  S. ;  500  vessels  may 
ride  at  anchor  in  it  with  a  good  depth  of 
'  water.  The  principal  wharves  of  Boston 
are  Long  wharf,  1,650  feet  long,  &  Cen- 
tral wharf,  1,240.  Public  buildings,  the 
State-House  on  Beacon  hill  110  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea  ;  Faneuil-Hall  mar- 
ket, built  of  granite  536  feet  long,  50 
wide,  &  2  stories  high;  Faneuil-Hall 
celebrated  in  revolutionary  history,  & 
the  City  ball,  another  venerable  build- 
ing ;  the  Massachusetts  hospital,  the 
Custom-house,  &  some  fine  churches. 
The  Common  is  the  most  distinguished 
public  place.  Boston,  iu  point  of  com- 
merce, is  the  second  place  in  the  Union, 
&  her  commercial  enterprises  in  general 
have  been  crowned  with  great  success. 
There  is  a  packet  line  of  large  steamships 
between  this  city  &  Great  Britain,  also 
sailing  packets  to  every  important  port 
in  the  U.  S.;  fifty  lines  in  all.  The  ton- 
nage of  Boston  in  1850  was  235,879 ;  arri- 
vals from  foreign  parts,  2,828;  clearances 
for  do.  2,839.  Here  are  32  banks,  with 
an  aggregate  capital  of  $24,560,000. 
City  debt  (in  1851),  $7,161,360.  Boston 
has.  long  been  celebrated  for  the  excel- 
lence of  its  schools.  Besides  numerous 
private  schools,  there  are  many  public 
free  schools.  The  Medical  branch  of 
Harvard  has  its  seat  in  Boston.  There 
is  an  institution,  for  the  blind.  The  Bos- 
ton Atheua3um  has  two  large  buildings; 
in  one  of  these  is  a  library  of  30,000  vols. ; 
in  the  other  a  picture  gallery  &  hall  for 
public  lectures.  This  city  has  100  lite- 
rary, religious  &  charitable  societies. 
Among  the  literary  societies,  are  the 
American  acad.  of  arts  &  sciences  ;  the 
Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  &  the 
Boston  Natural  History  Society.  Among" 
the  religious  &  charitable,  are  the  differ- 
ent missionary  societies,  the  American 
education  society,  &c.  There  are  up- 
wards of  30  newspapers  published  in  Bos- 
ton, one  fourth  of  which  are  daily  ;  be- 
sides these,  many  magazines  &  reviews. 
Boston  has  100  churches,  of  which  the 
Unitarians  have  a  greater  number  than 
any  othor  denomination.  There  are  two 
theatres.  This  city  continued  a  town  & 
was  governed  by  a  body  of  selectmen 
until  1821,  when  a  city  government  was 
adopted.       ' 

Boston  was  founded  in  1630 ;  first 
church  built  1'632.  The  American  Revo- 
lution commenced  in  Boston  in  1775,  the 
British  army,  10,000  strong,  held  the 
plaiJe  ;  but  were  at  length  compelled  by 

the  American  troops  to  withdraw. 11. 

vill.  Erie  co.  N.  T.  on   Cayuga  cr.     P. 


1,745. III.  p-t..  Summit  co.  0.,  on  the 

Ohio  canal.  The  Chirahoga  river  passes 
through  it  &  affords  numerous  mill-seats. 
IV.  t.  Franklin  co.  Ark. V.  sea- 
port town  of  England,  co.  Lincoln,  in  a 
rich  agricultural  district,  on  the  estuary 
of  the  Witham,  5  m.  from  the  sea.  The 
town  is  divided  into  two  nearly  equal 
parts  by  the  Witham,  here  crossed  by  an 
iron  bridge  of  one  arch,  86  feet  in  span. 

BoswoRTH,  t.  in  England  near  Leices- 
ter. On  a  moss  in  the  vicinity,  on  the 
22d  of  August,  1485,  was  fought  the  deci- 
sive battle  which  terminated  the  wars  of 
the  Roses,  with  the  life  of  Richard  III. 
(the  only  English  monarch  slain  in  battle 
since  the  conquest).  A  well  is  still  shown 
at  which  Richard  is  reported  to  have 
drunk  during  the  battle  ;  also  an  emi- 
nence, called  Crownhill,  where  Lord 
Stanley  placed  the  crown  upon  the  head 
of  the  victor,  Henry  VII. 

BoszoRMENY,  two  towns  of  Hungary. 

L  00.  Bihar.     P.   17,000. II.  co. 

Szabolcz,  Cap.  of  the  Haiduck  dist. 

Botany  Bay,  a  bay  of  the  Pacific 
ocean,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Australia,  New 
South  AVales.  It  was  discovered  by  Ca.p- 
tain  Cook  in  1770,  &  derived  its  name 
from  the  variety  of  new  plants  then  ob- 
served on  its  shores.  It  became  an  Eng- 
lish penal  colony  in  1787.  On  its  coast 
is  a  column  erected  in  1825,  to  the  mem- 
ory of  the  French  navigator.  La  Perouse. 

BoTCHA,  a  vill.  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  ol. 
the  Joruk. 

BoTEL  Tobago,  an  isl.  in  the  China  sea. 

BoTESDALE,  a  towu  of  England,  co. 
Suffolk.  In  the  chapel  are  deposited  the 
remains  of  Sir  Nicholas  Bacon,  &  Lord 
Chf.  Justice  Holt. 

Botetourt,  county,  Va.,W.  of  the  Blue 
Ridge,  contains  1,000  sq.  m.  &  is  drained 
by  tributaries  of  the  James  r.    P.  14,908. 

BoTHNANG,  a  vill.  of  Wlirtemberg,  circ. 
Neckar.     P.  1,130. 

Bothnia,  a  country  of  E.  Europe,  N. 
&  W.  of  the  gulf  of  Bothnia,  now  divided 
into  Russian  Bothnia  &  Swedish  Bothnia. 

Bothnia  (G-ulf  of),  a  igulf  of  Europe, 
forming  the  N.  part  of  the  Baltic  sea. 
L.  400  m. ;  av.  b.  100  m. 

Bothwell,  a  pa.  of  Scotland,  co.  Lan- 
ark, with  a  vill.  on  the  Clyde.  P.  of  pa. 
11,175.  In  it  are  extensive  collieries,  iron 
works,  &  freestone  quarries. 

Botsorhel,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Fin- 
isterre.     P.  1,645. 

Bottwar  (Great),  a  town  of  Wlir- 
temberg, circ.  Neckar.     P.  2,549. II. 

Little  Bottwar,  a  vill.  S.  the  former.  P. 
1,031. 


118 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bou 


BoTZEN,  a  town  of  tie  Tyrol,  cap.  eirc. 
P.  9,000.  It  is  built  in  the  Italian  style, 
&  has  a  gymnasium ;  it  is  protected  from 
sudden  inundations  of  the  riv.  by  a  strong 
dyke  nearly  2  m.  in  length.  Its  inhabi- 
tants manuf.  linen  &  silk  fabrics,  silk 
twist,  hosiery,  leather,  <tc. 

BouAFLE,  avill.of  Erance,  dep.  Seine- 
et-Oise.     P.  1,092. 

BocTAYE,  a  Till,  of  France,  dep.  Loire- 
Inf.     P.  1,297. 

BoucE,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Orne, 
with  iron  works.     P.  1,533. 

BoucHAiN,  a  small  frontier  town  of 
France,  dep.  Nord,  cap.  cant,  on  the 
Scheldt.  P.  1,183,  who  refine  salt,  & 
manuf.  beet-root  sugar.  It  was  taken  by 
the  D.  of  Marlborough  in  1711 ;  re-taken 
by  the  French  in  1712. 

BoucHEMAiNE,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Maine-et-Loire,  on  the  Loire,  P.  1,333. 
^  Bouches-du-Rhone,  a  marit.  dep.  of 
the  S.B.  of  France,  formed  of  a  part  of 
Provence,  cap.  Marseilles.  P.  428,989. 
It  is  divided  into  3  communal  arronds., 
Marseille,  Ais  &  Aries ;  27  cantons  & 
106  comms.  There  are  numerous  small 
islands,  the  chief  of  which  are  Pom^gue 
&  Ratoneau,  opposite  Marseilles.  Climate 
dry  &  warm ;  surface  interspersed  with 
mountains.  Cattle,  horses,  &  sheep  are 
extensively  reared.  The  dep.  contains 
marble  quarries,  salt  marshes,  &  mineral 
waters,  &  has  an  active  export  &  import 
trade  with  the  Levant,  Africa,  &  Italy  ; 
it  has  celebrated  manufs.  of  white  soap, 
olive  oil,  chemical  products,  essences,  & 
perfumes ;  brandy  distilleries,  sugar,  & 
sulphur  refineries. 

BoucHET  (Le),  a  hamlet  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Oise. 

BoucHoux  (Les),  a  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Jura.     P.  2,119. 

BouDRY,  a  vill.  of  Switzerl.,  cant.  Neu- 
chatel,  on  the  Reuss.     P.  1.430. 

BouE,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Aisne, 
arrond.  Vervins.     P.  1,434. 

Bouexiere  (La),  a  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Ile-et-Villaine.     P.  2,016. 

BouFARiii:,  a  vilL  of  Algeria.    P.  1,600. 

BouFFiouLX,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Hainault,  arrond.  Charleroi,with  manufs. 
of  pottery  &  iron  foundries.     P.  1,027. 

Bougainville,  a  bay,  island,  &  strait, 
so  designated  from  the  French  navigator 

of  that  name. 1.  {Bay),  S.  America, 

Patagonia,  in  the  strait  of  Magellan. 

II.  {island),  Salomon  group,  Pacific. 

III.  {Strait),  between  the  island  Espiritu 
Santo  &  MallicoUo,  New  Hebrides. 

BouGiAH,  a  mai-it.  town  of  Algeria, 
prov.  Algiers,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name 


in  the  Mediterranean.  It  has  no  harbor, 
but  secure  anchorage  at  thejnouth  of 
the  Aduse. 

Bgugival,  avill.of  France,  dep.  Seine- 
et-Oise.     P.  1,057. 

BouGUENAis,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Loire-Inf.     P.  3,287. 

Bouillante,  a  town  of  the  French  col- 
ony of  Guadeloupe.    P.  2,067. 

BotjiLLARGUEs,  a  viU.  of  France,  dep. 
Gard,  arrond.  Msmes.     P.  1,718. 

BouiLLE  (La),  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Seiiie-Inf.,  arrond.  Rouen,  on  the  Seine. 
P.  1,772. 

BouiLLB-LoRET,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Deux-S^vres.     P.  1,088. 

Bouillon,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Luxembourg.  P.  2,703.  It  was  the  cap. 
of  the  duchy  of  the  same  name,  possessed 
by  Godfrey  of  Bouillon,  the  famous  leader 
of  the  first  crusade. 

BouiN,  an  island  off  the  "W.  coast  of 
France,  dep.  Vendee.     P.  1,266. 

BouiNSK,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the 
Carla.     P.  3,168. 

BouLAc,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  Nile. 
It  is  the  port  of  Cairo,  &  at  which  all 
the  ships  navigating  the  Nile,  discharge  , 
their  cargoes.  It  was  burned  by  the 
French  in  1799,  &  rebuilt  by  Mehemed 
Ali,  who  has  estab.  a  large  cotton  spin- 
ning, weaving,  &  printing  work,  a  school 
of  engineering,  which  has  180  pupils,  &  a 
printing  press,  from  which  issues  a  weekly 
newspaper  in  Arabic. 

BouLAY,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Mo- 
selle, arrond.  Metz.     P.  2,894. 

Boulogne-Sur-Mer,  a  seaport  t.  of 
France,  cap.  arrond.,  dep.  Pas  de  Calais, 
on  the  English  -channel  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Lianne,  &  at  the  head  of  the  railway 
from  Amiens  to  Boulogne.  P.  29,741.  It 
is  divided  into  the  Upper  &  Lower  towns. 
The  first  on  a  hill,  whence  the  English 
coast  is  distinctly  visible.  The  Lower, 
or  new  town,  stretching  from  the  Upper 
town  to  the  sea.  This  part  has  fine  pub- 
lic baths,  a  eomm.  college,  &  a  museum, 
including  a  library  of  23,000  vols.,  .an 
hospital,  custom-house,  &  barracks. 
Boulogne  has  also  two  English  churches, 
several  excellent  hotels,  a  great  number 
of  boarding  schools  (both  French  &  Eng- 
lish), a  school  of  navigation,  tribunal  of 
commerce,  societies  of  agriculture,  com- 
merce, &  arts :  manufs.  of  coarse  v/ool- 
lens,  sail  cloth,  cordage,  bottl6  glass,  & 
earthenware.  In  its  vicinity  are  impor- 
tant marble  quarries.  Its  fisheries  are 
very  extensive  ;  but  the  town  is  mainly 
indebted  for  its  prosperity  to  its  English 
residents.     Steamers  make  the  passage 


BOU 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


119 


to  Dover  in  3J  hours,  &  to  London  in 
about  12  hours ;  &  the  number  of  pas- 
sengers who  disembarked  here  annually, 
prior  to  1848,  exceeded  50,000.  It  was 
on  the  heights  of  Boulogne  that  the 
Emperor  Caligula,  a.d.  40,  encamped 
an  army  of  100,000  men  for  the  fruitless 
purpose  of  invading  Britain,  &  here  also 
in  1804,  nearly  18  centuries  later,  the 
Emperor  Napoleon  assembled  an  army 
of  180,000  men  &  a  flotilla  of  2,400  trans- 
ports with  the  same  design.  The  Colonne 
Napoleon,  a  column  164  feet  high,  nearly 
1  mile  from  the  town,  commemorates  the 
latter  futile  attempt. 

Boulogne,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Garonne,  cap.  cant.  P.  1,597. 
Chief  trade  in  salted  jDoultry,  grain,  & 

chestnuts. II.    a    town,  dep.    Seine, 

arrend.  S.  Denis.     P.  6,932. 

BouLoiRE,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Sarthe.     P.  2,094. 

Bounty  Islands,  a  small  group,  S. 
Pacific  ocean,  S.E.  New-Zealand. 

BouftBON,  county,  Ky.,  toward  the 
N.E.  part  of  the  state,  on  S.  fork  of 
Licking  riv.  Soil  fertile.  13  distilleries, 
&  some  manufac.  of  woollen  &  cotton. 
P.  14,466.  Cap.  Paris. — —II.  town,  Cal- 
loway CO.  Mo.     P.  1,100. III.  an  isl. 

of  the  Mascarene  group,  Indian  ocean, 
forming  a  French  colony,  cap.  St.  Denis. 
L.  38  m. ;  b.  28  m.  P.  108,000.  The 
island  is  of  volcanic  origin,  &  of  an  ellip- 
tical form.  It  is  travetsed  from  N.  to 
S.  by  a  chain  of  mntns.  which  divides  it 
into  two  portions,  diifering  in  formation, 
climate,  &  productions.'  The  chief  sum- 
mits are  the  Piton  de  Neiges,  an  extinct 
volcano,  10,100  ft.;  Grand  Benard,  9,500 
ft.;  Cimandef  7,300  ft.;  &  Pitoa  de  la 
Fournaise,  an  active  volcano,  7,218  ft. 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  watered 
by  numerous  streams,  all  of  which  are 
rapid,  &  none  navigable.  The  climate 
has  recently  undergone  a  great  change. 
Bourbon,  which  long  enjoyed  the  repu- 
tation of  being  the  most  healthy  spot  of 
the  colonial  world — -an  insular  paradise — 
is  now  visited  by  the  bloody  flux  &  the 
typhoid  fever  of  Bourbon,  which  attacks 
every  European  after  a  residence  of  4  or 
5  years.  The  soil  is  very  fertile  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  coast.  The  chief  products 
are  sugar,  coffee,  cloves,  maize,  rice,  & 
tobacco.  Principal  exports,  sugar,  coffee, 
cloves,  dye-woods,  &  saltpetre  ;  imports, 
wheat,  oil,  wine,  cattle,  timber,  salt, 
glass,  &  manufactured  goods.  Bourbon 
was  discovered  in  1545  by  the  Portuguese. 

IV.  Lancy,  dep.  SaOne-et- Loire.     P. 

2,848.     It  has  remains  of  Roman  anti- 


quities, mineral  springs  &  baths. V. 

{L' Archambault),  dep.  AUier.  P.  1,615. 
It  has  mineral  springs,  baths,  &  reoiains 
of  the  anc.  castle  of  the  Bourbons,  built 
in  the  13th  century. 

Bourbon- Vendee,  formerly  ia  Roche- 
Su7--  Yon,  a  town  of  W.  France,  cap.  dep. 
Vendee,  on  the  Yon.     P.  5,280. 

Bourbonne-les-Bains,  a  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Marne,  cap.  cant.,  arrond. 
Langres,  at  the  confl.  of  the  Borne  & 
Aspance.  P.  ,3,683.  It  has  some  fine 
promenades  &  fountains,  &  2  magnificent 
establishments  connected  with  its  saline 
hot  springs,  which  were  known  to  the 
Romans. 

BouRBOULE  (La),  a  hamlet  of  France, 
dep.  Puy-de-Dume,  arrond.  Clermont,  on 
the  Dordogne,  with  mineral  springs  & 
baths. 

Bourbourg-villb,  a  town  of  France, 
dep.  Nord,  arrond.  Dunkerque,  on  canal 
of  same  name,  which  connects  Dun- 
kerque to  the  Aa.     P.  2,438. II.  S. 

Campagne,  a  vill.  in  the  above  cant. 
P.  2,040. 

BouRBRiAC,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Cotes-du-Nord,  cap.  cant.,  arrond.  Guin- 
gamp.    P.  3,613. 

BouRDEAux,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Drome,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,281. 

BouRDEiLLES,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Dordogne^  arrond.  Perigueux,  on  the 
Dronne.     P.  1,638. 

BouRG,  numerous   towns   &   vills.  of 

France. 1.  B.  en-Bresse,  cap.  dep.  Ain. 

P.  8,863.  It  has  a  comm.  college,  normal 
school,  a  pyramidal  monument  in  honor 
of  Gen.  Joubert,  a  magnificent  hospital, 
church  founded  by  Margaret  of  Austria, 
&  containing  her  tomb,  a  library  of  19,000 
vols.,    &    a  botanic   garden.     Commerce 

considerable. -11.  B.  (Le),   vill.  dep. 

Vendee,  arrond.  Bourbon  Vendee.  P. 
1,768. — —III.  B.  sur  Gironde,  aep.  Gi- 
ronde,  cap.  cant.,  with  extens.  quarries, 
from  which  Bordeaux  is  almost  entirely 
built.  P.  1,356. — ■ — IV.  B.  Lastic,  dep. 
Puy-de-Dume,     arrond.    Clermont.      P. 

2,707. V.  B.  la  Heine,  dep.  Seine.    P. 

1,435. VI.  B.  les  Valence  (Le),  dep. 

DrOme.  P.  2,820.—— VII.  B.  Argental, 
dep.  Loire.  P.  L68.5.- — VIII.  B.  d' 
Oysans,    dop.   Isere.     P.  1,643.     There 

are  la  ad  mines  in  its  vicinity. IX.  B. 

du  Pcage,   dep.  DrOme,   cap.  cant.,  on  1. 

b.  of  the  Isere.    P.  3,360. X.  B.  Si. 

Andeol,  dep.  Ardeche,  cap.  cant.,  on  the 
Rhone,  arrond.  Privas.     P.  3,751. 

BouRG  (Grand),  a  town  of  the  French 
Antilles,  cap.  of  the  isl.  Marie-Galante. 
P.  1,889. 


120 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bow 


BouRG  (Petit),  a  town  of  Frencli  An- 
tilles, in  the  isl.  Guadeloupe.     P.  3,318. 
BouRG   (Le),   a  vill.   of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Bern.,  with  sulphur  springs  <&  baths. 
BocRGACHARD,  a  towu  of  France,  dep. 
Eure.     P.  1,216. 

BouRGANEUF,  a  town  of  France,  cap, 
arrond.,  dep.  Creuse.     P.  2.480. 

BouRGAs,  a  town  of  Europ.  Turkey. 
BouRGES,  a  city  in  the  centre  of  France, 
cap.  dep.  Cher,  on  the  canal  du  Berr^, 
&  on  the  railway  du  Centre.  P.  18,235. 
It  is  a  very  anc.  town ;  it  is  ill-built,  & 
thinly  populated.  It  has  a;  royal  college, 
a  normal  school,  &  public  library  of  25,- 
000  vols.,  a  magnificent  cathedral,  larger 
than  Notre  Dame  at  Paris,  &  considered 
one  of  the  finest  structures  in  Europe  ; 
a  noble  Hotel  de  Ville,  formerly  resi- 
dence of  Jacques  Cceur.  It  has  manufs. 
of  cloth  &  cutlery,  &  commerce  in  grain, 
hemp,  &  the  porcelain  of  Foeoy. 

BouRGET,  a  small  town  .of  Savoy, 
Chambery,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the 
beautiful  lake  of  Bourget  having   1,200 

inhabs. The    lake    of   Bourget,    or 

Chdtillon,  11  m.  in  length. 

Bourgneuf-en-Retz,  a  small  sea- 
port town  of  France,  dep.  Loire-Inf.  P. 
2,689. 

BouHGOiN,    a  town   of    France,    dep. 
Isere,  cap.  cant,  on  the  Bourbre.  P.  3,337 . 
BouRG  St.  Maurice,  a  townof  Savoy, 
prov.  Tarantasia,  near  the  Little  St.  Ber- 
nard pass.    P.  3,300. 

BouRGUEtL,  a  town  of  Erance,  dep. 
Indre-et-Loire.     P.  1,729. 

BouRLON,  a  vill.  of  Fr'ance,  dep.  Pas 
de  Calais,  arrond.  Arras.     P.  1,615. 

BouRLOs,  a  "lagoon  of  Lower  Egypt, 
in  the  delta  of  the  Nile,  about  5  m.  E. 
Bosetta.     Length,  38  m. ;  av.  b.,  17  m. 

BouRMONT,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  H. 
Marne.     P.  1,118. 

Bournabat,  a  vill.  of  As i a- Minor,  An a- 
toli.a,  at  the  head  of  its  gulf. 

Bourne,  a  town  of  England,  co.  Lin- 
coln, near  the  Fens. 

BouRO,  one  of  the  Moluccansls.  W.  of 
the  isl.  Ceram.  L.  85  m. ;  b.  35  m.  P. 
30,000.  (?)  Very  fertile.  Chf.  town,  Ca- 
jeli.     P.  1,800. 

BouRTANGE,  a  Small  town  &  strong 
fortress  of  the  Netherl'd.s,  in  the  vast 
morass  of  same  name,  on  the  Hanoverian 
frontier. 

BouRTH,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Eure. 
P.  1,946,  manufs.  pins. 

BoussA,  a  large  town  of  Central  Africa, 
W.  Soudan,  cap.  a  principal  of  same 
name,  on  an  isl.  in  the  Niger.  P.  18,000. 
Here  Mungo  Park  met  his  death. 


BoussAc,  a  t.  of  France,  dep.  Creuse, 
cap.  arrond.,  on  a  steep  rock.    P.  995. 

BoussiEREs,  a  vill.  of  France,  cap. 
cant.,  dep.  Doubs,  arrond.  Besan^on,  near 
1.  b.  of  the  Doubs.  In  its  vicinity  is  the 
celebrated  grotto  of  Osselle,  composed  of 
a  long  series  of  caves  remarkable  tot 
beautiful  stalactites  &  the  number  of 
fossil  bones  it  contains. 

BoussoLE  Strait  is  the  channel  which 
connects  the  sea  of  Okkotsk  with  the 
Pacific,  in  the  centre  of  the-Kurile  isls. 
Boussu,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Hainault,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Haine.  P. 
2.984.     Exports  coal. 

Boutonne,  a  riv.  of  France,  deps. 
Deus-Sevres,  &  Charente  Inf.,  1.  65  m. 

BouviGNEs,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Namur,  on  the  Maese.  It  has  iron  works, 
&  manuf.  of  tobacco. 

BouviNEs,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Nord, 
celeb,  for  the  victory  gained  by  Philip 
Augustas  over  the  Emperor  Otho,  in  1214. 
BouxviLLER,  a  town  of  France,  cap. 
cant.,  dep.  Bas.-Rhin.  P.  3,951.  ■■  It  has 
a  communal  college,  fine  gothic  castle ; 
mines  of  alum,  manufs.  of  chemical  prod- 
ucts &  rdetal  buttons. 

BouzoNviLLE,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Moselle,   arrond.  Thionville.       P.  1,580. 
BouzouLOUK,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Orenburg,  on  the  Samara. 

BovA,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Calab. 
P.  2,500. 

Bo  VEND  EN,  a  town  of  Hanover,  landr. 
Hildesheim.  near  the  Leine.     P.  1,800. 
BovEs,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  prov.  Cu- 

neo.     P,  8,709. II.  a  vill.  of  France, 

dep.  Somme.     P..  1,690. 

BovEY,  t.,  St.  Genevieve  co.  Mo.  P. 
462. 

BoviNA,    p-t.,    Delaware    co.   N.  Y., 
drained  by  Little  Delaware  r.     P.  1,403. 
BoviNo.  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Capi- 
tanata.     P.  5,200. 

Bovolenta,  2  vills.  of  N.  Italy,  gov. 
Venice. 

Bow,  p-t.,  Merrimac  co.  N.  H.,  W.  of 
Merrimac  r.,  on  Turkey  riv.  P.  1,001. 
II.  an  isl.  of  the  Low  Archip.,  Paci- 
fic 0.  It  is  of  coral  formation,  30  m.  in 
1.    by  5  m.  in  b. 

.    BowDoiN,    p-t.,  Lincoln  co.  Me.      P. 
2,382. 

BowDOiNHAM,   p-t.,   Lincoln  co.  Me., 
on  the  W.  side  of  Kennebec  riv.     Lum- 
ber trade  &  ship  building.     P.  2,402. 
BowEN,  t.,  Madison  co.  Ark.     P.  453. 
Bowie,  co.,  Texas,  cap.   Boston.      P.         d 
2,912. 

Bowfell,  a  mntn.  of  Engl.,  co.  West- 
moreland.   Elev.  2,911  ft. 


BRA 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


121 


BowLAND  -  FoRJEST,  Engl.,  COS.  York 
(W.  Riling),  Laneas.,  ■"&  has  aa  area  of 
25,701)  acres. 

Bowles,  t.,  Franklin  co.  Mo.    P.  1,449. 

Bowling  -  (iRIGEN,  cap.  Caroline  oo. 
Va.  In  the  centre  is  a  beautiful  Green 
ornamented  with  trees  &  shrubbery.  The 

usual  county  buildings. -11.  p-v.,  cap. 

AYarren  co.  Ky.  situated  on  Big  Barren 
r.,  accassible  by  steamboats  of  200  tons. 
Considerable  trade  in  tobacco.     P.  1,400. 

III.  t,  Licking  co.,  0.  P.  1,464.- — 

IV.    p-v.,  cap.    Clay  co.   la.,  on    Eel  r., 

a  branch  of  White  r. V.  t.,  Pettis  co. 

140. rVI.  t.,  Marion  co.  0.,  on  the  S. 

side  of  Sciota  r. 

Bowling,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.j  co.  York, 
^Y.  Riding.  Pop.  8,918,  chiefly  employed 
in  quarries,  mines,  &  iron  works. 

BowMORE,  a  seaport  vill.  of  Sootl.,  co. 
Argyle,  on  Lochindaal.     P.  4,025. 

BoxBOi(,ouGH,  t.,  Middlesex  co.  Mass., 
between  Concord  &  Nashua  rirs.  Maa- 
ufacs.  of  shoes,  hats,  &  bonnets.  Hops 
extensively  cultivated. 

BoxFORD,  t.,  Essex  co.  Mass. 

Box-hill,  Engl.,  co.  Surrey,  forms 
part  of  the  range  of  North-downs. 

BoxMEER,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherl'ds, 
prov.  Brabant.     P.  2,002. 

BoxTEL,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  N.  Brabant,     p.  4,013. 

BovACA,  a  vill.  of  the  repub.  New 
Granada,  S.  Amer.,  dep.  Boyaea,  celeb, 
for  the  victory  gained  by  Bolivar  over 
the  Spaniards,  7th  Aug.  1819,  which  se- 
cured the  -  independence  of  Columbia. 
II.  The  dep.  Boyaea  extends  be- 
tween the  plain  of  Bogota  &  the  borders 
of  Venezuela,  comprising  the  whole  of 
the  E.  Andes,  &  divided  into  the  provs. 
Pamplona,  Socorro,  Tunja,  &  Cazanare ; 
cap.  Tunja.  It  is  watered  by  the  Mag- 
daleiia,  the  Sogamozo,  Zulia,  Cazanare, 
&  Meta ;  &  expts.  wheat,  cacao,  cotton, 
coffee,  tobacco,  &  indigo. 

Boya:!Ja,  a  bay  &  town  on  the  N.W. 
coast  of  Madagascar. 

BoYDTON,  p-v.,  cvp.  Mecklenburg  co. 
Va.  Here  is  Randolph  Macon  college, 
a  Methodist  institution. 

BoYLB,  CO.,  Ky.,  i-5  in  a  central  part 
of  the  state,  on  the  head  branches  of  Salt 
&  Dick's  rivs.  Soil  excellent.  P.  9,116. 
Cap.  Danville. 

BoYLSTON,  t,  Worcester  co.  Mass., 
watered  by  Nashua  r.  P.  797. — —II.  t., 
Oswego  CO.  N.  Y.,  hilly  &  rough  ;  drained 
by  Little  Sandy  &  Trout  crs.     P.  481. 

BoYNE,  a  riv.  of  Ireld.,  Leinster.     It 

is   navigable   fjr   barges   of    70  tons   to 

N.ivan,  19  m.  from  the  sea!^  &  at  high 

6 


water,  far  vessels  of  200  tons  to  Droghe- 
da.  About  2j  m.  W.  the  last  named 
town,  a  lofty  obelisk  marks  the  spot  where 
the  forces  of  William  III.,  on  the  1st 
July,  1690,  gained  the  great  victory  over 
those  of  James  II.,  so  well  known  in  Brit. 
history  as  the  "  battle  of  the  Boyne." 
BoYNE,  a  river,  E.  Australia. 
BozRAH,  t..  New  London  co.  Conn.,  on 
the  Yantic  r.  P.  1,067. — —II.  a  ruined 
town  of  Syria,  pash.  Damascus.  It  is 
mentioned  in  Scriplijre  as  a  chief  town 
of  the  Edomites,  &  also  as  in  possessioa 
of  the  Moabites. 

BozzoLO,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Lom- 
bardy.     P.  4,900. 

Bra,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  prov.  Alba. 
P.  11,466.  Manufactures  of  silk,  &  a 
large  trade  in  corn,  cattle,  &  wine. 

Bhaake,  a  vill.  of  N.  Germany,  with 
a  barb,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Weser,  &  ship 
building  yards.     P.  1,397. 

Brabant,  North,  a  prov.  in  the  S.  of 
Netherlands,  can.  Bois-le-Duc.  Area 
2,000  sq.m.  P.' 402,353.  Chf.  rivs.  the 
Maese,  Dommel,  Aa,  Donge,  &  Dintel. 
The  country  is  uniformly  flat,  marshy 
in  some  places,  soil  in  general  infertile, 
&■  wood  rare.  Chf.  products,  rye,  oats, 
wheat,  lint,  &  fruits.  The  rearing  of 
cattle  &  sheep  is  the  principal  branch  of 
rural  industry.  Manufs,  comprise  wool- 
len, linen,  &  cotton  fabrics,  leather  & 
earthenware. 

Brabant,  South,  a  prov.  of  Bel- 
gium, near  its  centre,  cap.  Brussels. 
Area  1,290  sq.  m.  P.  676,406.  Surface 
hilly,  only  in  the  S.  well  watered,  &  gen- 
erally fertile.  Princip.  rivs.  the  Senne, 
Dyle,  &  Demer.  Chief  products,  corn  & 
oilseed,  flax,  hemp,  &  hops.  Woods  ex- 
tensive, &  include  the  forest  of  Soignies. 
Cattle  &  sheep  numerous.  Iron  &  stona 
abundant.  Principal  manufs.  cotton  <fc 
linen  fabrics,  lace,  leather,  woollen  cloth, 
soap,  &  chemical  products. 

Bracciano,  a  town  of  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.     P.  1,330. 

Bhacbsille,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.  0. 

Brachelen,  a  vill.  of  Rhen.  Pruss., 
reg.  Aachen.     P.  2,146.     Paper  mills. 

Braciglianq,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
prinoip.  Citra.     P.  3,000. 

Bracken,  county,  Ky.,  in  the  N.E- 
part  of  the  state,  on  the  Ohio.  Soil  pro- 
ductive.   P.  8,90i. 

Bhackley,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  North' 
ampton,  on  the  Ouse. 

Brackenheim,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
circ.  Neckar,  on  the  Zaber.     P.  1,520; 

Bradano,  a  riv.  of  Naples,  prov.  Basi- 
lioata. 


^       ^It 


122 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bra 


Bradford,  town,  Steiiben  ■  so.  N.  Y 

P.  1,547. ir.  t.,  Penobscot  co.  Me.   P. 

1,000.— -III.  t,  Merrimao  co.  N.  H., 
about  midway  between  Merrimac  &  Con- 
necticut rivs.   P.  1,331.- IV.  t.,  Orange 

CO.  Vt.,  on  the  Connecticut  riv.  The  first 
globes  manufactured  in  the  U.  S.  were 
made  here.    There  are  also  maniifacs.  of 

cloth  &  paper. V.  t.,  Essex  co.  Mass., 

on  Merrimac  riv. ;  connected  with  Haver- 
hill by  a  bridge,  650  ft.  long.     P.  2,222. 

VI.  CO.,   Peon.,  in  the  N.E.  part  of 

the  state  ;  contains  1,200  sq'.  m. ;  ^yatered 
by  Chemung  riv.,  &  a  branch  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna riv.,  also  by  Towanda  &  Sugar 
crs.  Though  mountainous,  it  has  much 
good  land.  Here  is  bituminous  coal. 
There  are  2  furnaces,  213  saw  mills,  4 
distilleries,  &  several  laanufacs.  of  wool- 
len &  leather.    P.  42,831.  Cap.  Towanda. 

VII.  t.,  McKcan  co.,  Penn. VIII. 

t.,  Lincoln  co.  Mo.   P.  1,319. IX.  t.  of 

England,  co.  of  Yorli,  W.  riding.  Brad- 
ford is  now  tli3  principal  seat  of  the 
worsted,  yarn,  &  stuff  laanufac.  in  Eng- 
land, and  the  great  mii.rt  for  the  long 
wool  used  in  these  fabrics.  Every  year 
a  festival  is  held  here  in  honor  of  St. 
Blase,  the  reputed  inventor  of  wool- 
combing. 

Bradford  (Great),  a  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Wilts,  on  tbe  Avon.     P.  3,836. 

Brading,  a  marit.  town,  near  the  E. 
extremity  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  Engl.,  co. 
Hants. 

Bradley,  co.,  Tenn.,  in  the  S.E.  part 
of  the  state ;  drained  by  Hiwassee  riv. 
Surface  mountainous.  Land  fertile  on  the 
margin  of  the  streams.  Products,  Ind. 
corn,  .wheat,  &  tobacco,  with  some  cotton 
&  sugar  ;  sereral  distilleries  &  tanneries. 

P.  12,259.    Cap.  Cleveland. II.  a  new 

county  of  Arkansas.  P.  3,829. III.  t., 

Penobscot  co.  Me. 

Brady,   town,    Clearfield  co.  Pa.     P. 

692. II.   p-t.,  Kalmazoo  co.    Mich. ; 

drained  by  Portage  riv.     P.  1,175. 

Bradninch,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Devon.  P.  1,714.  The  t.  has  »n  ancient 
church,  a  guildhall  with  a  jail  beneath. 

Beadshaw-Edge,  a  towash.  of  Engl., 
CO.  Derby.     P.  L850. 

Braekel,  a  town  of  N.  Germany, 
Brunswick.     P.  2,700. 

Braga,  a  city  of  Portugal,  c.ip.  prov. 
Minho.  P.  17,000.  It  is  the  seat  of  an 
archbishop,  who  is  primate  cf  Portugal. 
It  has  a  rich  cathedral,  &  some  manufs. 
of  fire-arms,  jewellery,  cutlery,  &  hats. 
In  its  vicinity  is  the  celeb,  sanctuary  of 
Jesus  do  Monte. 

Bbaganca,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov. 


Tras-os-Montes,  near  the  N.E.  frontier, 
cap.  Comarca,  on  the  Ferrenza.  P.  5,000. 
It  has  a  citadel,  a  college,  &  manufs.  of 
velvet  &  other  silk  fabrics.  The  ances- 
tors pf  the  present  reigning  families  of 
Portugal  &  of  Brazil  were  dukes  of  Bra- 
ganfa,   until  called   to   the    Portuguese 

throne  in  1640. II.  a  seaport  town  of 

Brazil,  prov.  Para.     P.  6,000. III.  .i 

town  of  Brazil,  prov.  San  Paulo.  P.  10,000. 

Brahestad,  a  seaport  of  Piuss.  fin- 
land,  on  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.     P.  1,160. 

Brahilov,  the  principal  port  of  Wal- 
lachia,  on  left  bank  of  the  Danube. 
P.  6,000 

Brahmaputra,  one  of  the  great  riv.s. 
of  S.  Asia.  &  forming  the  proper  E.  boun- 
dary of  Hindostan.  It  is  supposed  to 
take  its  origin  in  Tibet.  Its  entire  course 
is  estim.  at  1,500  m.  Princip.  tributs.  in 
Bengal,  the  Soormali,  Barak,  Goouity, 
Teesta,  &  Megna.  In  As«am,  it  receives 
at  least  60  aiilts.,  &  encloses  many  large, 
isls.  Its  current  is  so  violent  as  generally 
to  unfit  it  for  navigation.  It  inundates 
the  country  S.  of  the  Himalaya  from 
April  to  Sept.,  discharging  into  the  sea 
a  greater  quantity  of  water  than  tha 
Ganges. 

Brailoff,  a  town  of  Wallaehia. 

Braine-le-Comte,  a  town  of  Belgium, 
prov.  Hainault.     P.  4,507. 

Braine-la-Leude,  a  vill.  of  Belgium, 
prov.  Brabant.     P.  2,771. 

Braintree,  p-t.,  Orange  co.  Vt.     P. 

1,232. II.    p-t.,    Norfolk    co.    Mass. 

Some  shipping  engaged  in  coasting  trade 
&  fisheries.   Excellent  granite  is  quarried 

here.     P.  2,168. III.  a  town  of  Eng., 

CO.  Essex,  near  the  river  Blackwater. 

Braintrim,  p-t.,  Luzerne  co.  Pa. 
Exports  lumber  largely ;  has  the  Sus- 
quehanna riv.  on  the  S.     P.  1,355. 

BR4.KEL,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Westphalia, 
reg.  Minden.     P.  2,820. 

Brakel  (Neder),  a  town  of  Belgium, 
prov.  E.  Flanders.  P.  3,807.  Numerous 
breweries. 

Bralin.  a  town  of  Pruss.  Silesia,  cire. 
Breslau.     P.  1,470.' 

Brambach,  a  town  of  Saxony,  near 
the  Bohemian  frontier.     P.  1,200. 

Bramhali.,  a  tnshp.  of  England,  co. 
Chester.     P.  1,395. 

Brampton,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  Cum- 
berland. 

Bramsche,  a  town  of  Hanover,  on  the 
Haase.     P.  1,550. 

Bramstedt,  a  town  of  Denmark, 
Holstein,  on  the  Bramaue,  With  sulphur 
baths.     P.  1,700. 

Bran,  a^ver  of  Scot'anl,  co.  Perth. 


bra] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


123 


Bhancaleone,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Calab. 

Branch,  county,  Mich.,  in  the  S.  part 
of  the  state  ;  is  drained  by  branches  of 
St.  Joseph's  riv.    Surface  rolling  ;  soil  a 

rich  bandy  loam.     P.  12.472. II.  cap. 

of  the  above,  situated  on  W.  branch  of 

Coldwater  riv. III.  t.,  Schuylkill  co. 

Pa.     Anthracite  coal  abounds  here.     P. 
1,422. 

Branchier.  (St.),  a  town  of  Switzerl., 
cant.  Valais. 

Beanco,  one  of  the  Cape  Verd  isls.,  S. 
St.  Lucia.  It  is  small,  lofty,  rugged,  & 
uninhabited.  A  long  sandy  spit  stretches 
from  its  S.E.  side. 

Branc'o  (Rio),  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises 
in  the  Parime  mntns.^  &  flows  S.  400  m. 
to  the  Rio  Negro. 

Brancourt.    a  vill.  of  France,   dep. 
Aisne.     P.  1,617. 
^Brand,  a  town  of  Saxony.     P.  2,150. 

Brandenburs,  p-v.,   cap.  of  Mead  co. 

Ky.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Ohio. -11. 

a  prov.  of  Prussia,  in  the  centre  of  the 
kngdm.,  of  which  it  formedthe  nucleus, 
cap.  Berlin.  15,781  sq.  m.  P.  2,066,993. 
Surface  almost  uniformly  flat  &  sandy, 
but  rich  in  lakes.  It  is  situated  in  the" 
basins  of  the  Elbe  &  the_Oder,  &,  watered 
by  these'  rivers  &  numerous  affluents. 
Soil  fertile.  Chf.  crops,  buckwheat,  rye, 
potatoes,  hemp,  flax,  tobacco,  &  hops. 
Sheep  are  extensively  reared,  &  wool  is 
an  important  product.  The  prineip.  min- 
eral prod,  are  iron,  gypsum,  alum,  & 
.vitriol.  There  are  numerous  mineral 
springs  &  baths ;  manufs.  iu  great  vari- 
ety. The  prov.  has  many  breweries,  dis- 
tilleries, tanneries,  potash,  charooal,  lime, 
&  sulphur  works.  Brandenburg  possesses 
the  most  celeb,  estabs.  for  public  instruc- 
tion in  the  kingdom. III.  a  town  of' 

Prussia,  in  the  prov.  of  same  name,  reg. 
Potsdam,  cap.  eirc.  W.  Havelland^  on  the 
Havel.  P.  16,210.  It  is  the  seat  of 
several  high  tribunals,  &  has  manufs.  of 
woollens,  linens,  hosiery,  &  paper  ;  brew- 
eries, tanneries,  boat-building,  &,  an  ac- 
tive commerce. IV.  (New)  a  town  of 

Mecklenburg,  Strelitz,  near  the  N.  shore 
of  Toilensee  lake,  at  the  outlet  of  riv.  of 
same  name:     P.  6,003. 
Brandhof,  a  vill.  of  Austri.a,  Styria. 
Brandon,  town,  Rutland  co.  Vt.,   on 
both  sides  of  Otter  cr.     Bog  iron  ore'& 

marble  are  found.    P.  2,835. II.  p-v., 

cap.  of  Rankin  co.  Miss. III.  t.,  Oak- 
land CO.  Mich.,   on  headwaters  of  Flint. 

P.  442. IV.  t.,  Franklin  co.  N.  Y.    It 

has  several  lakes.    P.  531. V.  a  town 

o£,Engl.,  CO.  Suffolk,  on  the  Little  Ouse. 


VI.  a  mntn.,  headland,  bay,  &  vill 

of  Ireland,  co.  Kerry.  The  mntn.,  22  m. 
^Y.  Tralee,  is  3,126  ft.  in  elevation,  & 
terminates  N.E.  in  the  headland. 

Brandt,  town,  Erie  co.  N.  Y.,  on  Lake 
Erie.     P.  1,088. 

Brandy,  town,  Williams  co.  Ohio. 
Brandywine  Creek,  Pa.  &  Del.  rises 
in  Pa.,  &  flows  througii  Bel.  into  Del.  riv. 
It  forms  the  harbor  of  Wilmington.  It 
affords  mnny  excellent  mill-seats  &  is 
navigable  to  Brandywine  vill.  &  mills. 
Brandywine,  t.,  Hancock  co.  la.     P. 

693. II.  Cnester  co.  Pa  ,  watered  by 

Brandy  wide  &  Beaver  crs.  M-mufac.  of 
leather  &  paper.  P.  1,672. III.  hun- 
dred, New  Castle  co.  Del.  Manufac.  of 
woollens  &  cotton.     P.  3,387. 

Brandford,  t..  New  Haven  co.  Conn., 
on  Long  Island  sound.  On  the  W.  border 
of  the  t.  is  Saltohstall's  lake,  a  beautiful 
sheet  of  water.  Thimble  &  Indian  isls. 
in  L.  I.  sound  are  within  its  limits.  It 
contains  3  fine  churches.  Has  manufac. 
of  leather  &  paper.  Settled,  1644.  P. 
1,322. 

Bhansk,  a  town  of  Russia,  prov.  Bia- 
lystok.     P.  1,350. 

Brantford,  a  town  of  Wentworth  co., 
U.  Canada,  near  Hamilton.     P.  3,377. 

Brantomb,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Dordogne,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,413. 

Branxholm,  the  ancient  seat  of  the 
dukes  of  Bucoleugh,  Scotland,  co.  Rox- 
burgh, on  the  Teviot.  It  has  especially 
acquired  renown  as  the  scene  of  Sir  Wal- 
ter Scott's  "  Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrel." 

Brasher  Falls,  p-v.,  St.  Lawrence 
CO.  N.Y.  on  Beer  r.,  where  are  falls  & 
rapids,  furnishing  extensive  water  power. 
P.  2,118. 

Braslaf,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.Wilna. 
Braspart,    a  town  of    France,   dep. 
Finesterre.     P.  2,640. 

Brass,  a  riv.  &  town  of  Africa,  Guinea, 
the  river,  one  of  the  arms  of  the  Niger  at 
its  delta,  &  the  town  on  this  arm. 

Brassac,  several  vills.  of  France. — '- 

I.  dep.  Tarn.     P.  1,301. II.  Puy-de- 

Dome.    P;  2,017. III.  Dordogne,  arr. 

Riberac.     P.  1,910. 

Brasschaet,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Antwerp.     P.  2,222. 

Bhathay,  a  small  riv.  of  England,  co. 
Westmoreland. 

Beattleborough.  t.,  Windham  co.Vt. 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  riv. 
The  earliest  settlement  in  the  state  & 
originally  called  Fort  Gunner.  It  has  an 
E.  &  W.  village  ;  the  E.  village  is  a  beau- 
tiful, flourishing,  &  wealWiy  place.  The 
Whetstone   branch   of    the   Connecticut 


124 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bra 


here  furnishes  vast  water  power.  Chief 
manufac.  estab.  is  the  Brattleboro'  Typo- 
graphic Co.,  which  has  a  very  large  cap- 
ital. There  is  also  a  paper  mill  &  a 
large  publishing  estab.     P.  3,816. 

Bbatz,  a  t.  of  E.  Prussia,  prov.  Posen, 
circ.  Meseritz,  on  the  Obra.     P.  1,410. 

Bratzlaf,  a  -town  of  Russ.  Poland, 
gov.  Podolia.     P.  2,600. 

Bratzkoi,  a  town  of  Siberia,  gov. 
Irkutsk. 

Braubach,  a  town  of  Germany.  P. 
1,507.  lu  its  vicinity  are  silver  &  copper 
mines,  the  mineral  springs  of  Dinkhold. 

Braunau,    a   frontier   town   of    Upp. 

Austr.,   circ.   Upp.   Inn.      P.  2,000. 

II.  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circ.  Koniggratz. 
P.  3,100. 

Braunfels,  atown  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
reg.  Coblenz,  with  a  pop.  of  1,472. 

Braunhirschen,  a  vill.  of  Lower  Aus- 
tria.    P.  2,000. 

Braunlingen,  a  town  of  Baden,  circ. 
Lake.     P.  1,572. 

Braunsbach,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
circ.  Jaxt.     P.  1,000. 

Braunsberg,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia, 
reg.  cap.  circ.  P.  8,360.  It  is  the  resid. 
of  the  bishop  of  Ermeland,  with  a  theol. 
seminary  for  the  education  of  R.  Cath. 

clergymen. II.   a  town  of  Moravia. 

P.  2,787. 

Braunsdorf,  a  vill.  of  Saxony,  circ. 
Dresden.     P.  1,834. 

Bhaunseifen,  a  town  of  Moravia, 
circ.  Olmiitz.     P.  2,062.     Iron  mines. 

Brava,  an  isl.  of  Africa,  Cape  Verd 
archip.     P.  600. 

Brava,  a  town  of  E.  Africa,  on  the 
coast,  with  a  port  on  the  Indian  ocean, 
&  active  trade  with  Arabia  &  India. 

Braxton,  county,  Va.,  lies  N.W.  of 
the  Alleghany  mntns.  in  the  N.W.  part 
of  the  state,  on  the  Elk  &  Little  Kana- 
wha.   P.  4,212. II.  c.  H.,  cap.  Braxton 

CO.  Va.,  situated  on  the  North  side  of 
Elkr. 

Bray,  a  marit.  town  of  Ireland,  on 

the-  Bray  at  its  mouth.     P.  3,169. 

II.  a  small  dist.  of  Prance,  in  the  dep. 

Seine    Inferieure. III.    (Sur-Seine), 

a  town,  dep.  Seine-et-Marne,  on  the 
Seine.     P.  1,992.     Several  smaller  places 

in  France  have  this  name. IV.  a  riv. 

of  France,  between  deps.  Sarthe  &  Loire- 
et-Cher. 

Brazey,  en  Plains,  a  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  COte-d'-Or.     P.  1,836. 

Brazil,  an  extensive  empire  of  S. 
America,  occu Jibing  a  large  proportion 
of  the  eastern  &  central  part  of  that 
country.      Length  from    N.  to  S.  about 


2,600  m.,  greatest  breadth  2,540  m.  The 
empire  is  divided  into  18  provinces,  14 
sit.  along  the  shores  of  the  ocean,  &  4  in 
the  interior.  P.  4,000,000.  Chief  cities, 
Porto  Alegre,  Desterro,  S.  Paulo,  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  Victoria,  Babi<i(San  Saiviidor), 
Sergipe  or  S.  Christuv^io,  Macayo,  Recite, 
Parahiba,  Natal,  Foitaleza,  Oeiras,  Ma- 
ranhao,  13elem,  Cuj'aba,  Goyaz.  The 
surface  of  Brazil  is  about  equally  divided 
into  uplands  &  lowlands,  or  vallcj-s.  Two 
parallel  mountain  ranges  traverse  the 
counfry  from  N.  to  S.,  forming  elevated 
ridges  of  table-land.  The  greatest  height 
of  the  central  range  being  from  6,000  to 
7,0u0  ft.  Several  minor  ranges  intersect 
the  country.  The  N.  part  of  Brazil  con- 
sists of  the  greater  part  of  the  vast  plain 
through  which  flows  the  river  Amazon, 
&  its  tributaries ;  &  varying  in  width 
from  350  to  800  m.  The  rivers,  lakes, 
&  Water  courses  are  numerous.  S.E. 
of  this  is  another  plain.  The  principal 
rivs.  in  this  direction  are  Tocantins, 
Araguay,  Paruihiba,  San  Francisco, 
Belmonte,  Doce,  Pararba  do  Sul,  & 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  all  of  large  size,  but 
of  difficult  navigation,  in  consequence  of 
rapids,  &c.  The  table-land  on  the  W.  is 
separated  from  the  Andes  of  Bolivia  by 
a.  large  &  extens.  plain ;  the  elev.  of  this 
plain  is  from  1,200  to  1,500  ft.  On  the 
banks  of  the  Iriuana,  &  W.-ward  to  the 
N.  branch  of  the  Serra  Paricis,  extends  a 
saiidy  and  nearly  barren  desert,  called 
Campos  dos  Parcels.  From  7  lakes  (Sets 
Lagoas)  on  this  table-land  rises  the  river 
Paraguay.  The  latter  has  a  course  of 
1,000  m.  The  Uruguay  flows  S.  througlj 
another  table-land  of  smaller  dimensions 
to  the  plain  of  the  Missiones.  The  prin- 
cipal lakes  are  Patos,  an  enlargement  of 
the  Rio  Grande  &  L.  Mirim.  The  har- 
bors are  generally  good,  particularly 
those  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  &  Bahia.  The 
pop.  of  Brazil  consists  of  Europeans, 
whites  born  in  the  country,  who  call 
themselves  Brazilians;  Mulattoes ;  Ma- 
malucoes,  or  offspring  of  whites  &  native 
Indians ;  Negroes ;  Mestizoes,  or  Zam- 
boes,  mixed  castes  between  Negroes  & 
Indians ;  &  the  Aborigines,  or  American 
Indians.  There  is  little  political  division 
of  castes ;  &  intermarriages  among  the 
different  races  are  common.  Aboriginal 
slavery  has  been  legally  abolished. 
African  slavery  is  still  tolerated.  There 
are  in  Brazil  88  titles  of  nobility ;  but 
these  are  not  hereditary.  Little  has 
been  done  for  education  ihroughout  the 
empire;  schools,  &even  school-books  are 
very  deficient.    The  ecclesiastical  estab- 


bke] 


UNIVEKSAL    GAZETTEER. 


125 


lishment  is  also  at  a  low  ebb.  The  dense 
forests  furnish  almost  every  variety  of 
useful  &  ornamental  timber.  Cocoa, 
caoutchouc,  &  manioc,  are  indigenous 
products ;  maize,  sugar,  coffee,  cotton, 
rice,  wheat,  &  tobacco,  have  been  intro- 
duced by  European  culture.  Paraguay 
tea  is  an  abundant  product  of  the  W. 
provs.  Wild  animals  comprise  the  jag- 
uar, hyena,  tiger-cat,  &  other  rapacious 
genera  ;  with  the  tapir,  wild-hog,  &o.,  & 
a  great  variety  of  birds  of  the  richest 
plumage.  The  diamond  mines  of  Minas 
Geraes  are  the  most  productive  at  pres- 
ent known.  Other  gems,  and  large 
quantities  of  gold,  besides  silver,  copper, 
iron  &  platinum,  are  among  the  mineral 
products  of  the  same  prov.  Manufs. 
are  almost  wholly  in  their  infancy  in 
Brazil.  Brazil  is  most  favorably  sit- 
uated for  trade,  which,  though  exten- 
sive, is  not  yet  nearly  commensurate 
with  the  resources  of  the  Empire.  Coffee 
is  the  chief  staple.  The  government  is  an 
hereditary  limited  monarchy ;  the  legis- 
lative power  is  vested  in  a  senate  of  54 
members  &  a  chamber  of  deputies.  Trial 
t>y  jury  exists  in  both  "civil  &  criminal 
cases.  The  standing  army,  in  1844,  con- 
sisted of  17,095  men,  &  the  navy  of  67 
vessels,  carrying  350  guns ;  the  latter 
comprised  no  ships  above  the  size  of  a 
frigate.  Brazil  was  first  discovered  by 
Pedro  Alvares  Cabral,  in  1500;  &  began 
to  be  colonized  by  the  Portuguese  in 
1531.  In  1808,  King  John  VI.  of  Por- 
tugal took  up  his  residence  in  Brazil;  & 
in  1815,  constituted  it  a  kingdom.  In 
1822  it  declared  itself  an  independent 
state ;  &  it  obtained  a  constitution  in 
1825.  Rio  de  Janeiro  is  the  cap.  of  the 
empire  &  the  seat  of  government. 

BrazorIa,  county,  Texas,  on  the  Col- 
orado.    Cap.  Brazoria.    P.  4,841. II. 

a  small  but  thriving  town  of  Texas,  cap, 
CO.  same  name,  op  the  Brazos,  22  m.  N.W, 
from  its  mouth.  P.  500.  A  good  deal  of 
cotton  is  shipped  here  in  coasting  vessels. 

Brazos  de  Digs,  one  of  the  largest 
rivers  of  Texas,  rises  among  the  mntns. 
in  the  N.W.  part  of  that  state,  &  after  a 
course  estim.  at  900  m.,  enters  the  gulf 
of  Mexico. 

Brazos,  county,  Texas.  Cap.  Boon- 
ville.     P.  614. 

Brazza,  an  isl.  of  Dalmatia,  in  the 
Adriatic.  P.  15,495.  Surface  mntnous. 
&  rugged ;  but  the  isl.  is  industriously 
cultiv.,  &  yields  oil,  figs,  almonds,  saffron, 
&  the  best  wine  in  Dalmatia. 

Breal,  a  town  of  EranCe,  dep.  Ille-et- 
Vilaine.    P.  2,200. 


Breathitt,  a  county  in  Ky.,  in  the  E. 
part  of  the  state,  on  the  Kentucky  riv.  & 
its  branches.  Bituminous  coal  is  found 
here.     Several  distilleries.     P.  3,795. 

Breaute,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Seine- 
Inf.     P.  1,300. 

Brecey,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Minche.     P.  2,172. 

Breche-de-Roland,  a  defile  of  the 
Pyrenees,  betw.  France  &  Spain,  forming 
a  difficult  passage,  from  200  to  300  feet 
wide,  in  a  rocky  wall  from  300  to  600  ft. 
high,  surrounded  by  the  rocks  called 
Tours  de  Marbore,  at  an  elevation  of 
9,500  ft.  above  the  sea. 

Brechin,  a  pari.  bor.  &  pa.  of  Scotl., 
CO.  Forfar,  on  the  S.  Esk. 

Brecht,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Antwerp.     P.  2,823. 

Breckerfeld,  a  town  of  Pruss.  West- 
phalia, circ.  Hagen,  14^  m.  E.  Elberfeld, 
with  paper  manufactures  &  powder  mills. 
P.  1,320. 

Breckenridge,  county,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio  riv.,  in  the  N.  part  of  the  state. 
Manufacs.  of  leather,  &  numerous  grist 
mills  &  saw  mills.  P.  10,583.  Cap. 
Hardensburg. 

Brecknock,  town,  Berks  co.  Pa. 

II.  t.,  Lancaster  co.  Pa.,,on  branches  of 
Marshy  cr.     P.  732. 

Brecknockshire,  an  inl.  co.  of  S. 
Wales.  Surface  mostly  mntns.  ;  the 
Brecknock  Beacon  (the  loftiest  summit  in 
S.  Wales),  is  2,862  ft.,  &  Cradle  mntn., 
2,545  ft.  above  the  sea.  The  Wye  forms 
all  the  N.  boundary  ;  other  rivs.  are  the 
Usk  &  its  afils.  Agriculture  rather  back- 
ward. Prinoip.  products,  oats,  barley, 
wheat,  wool,  butter,  cheese,  &  cattle. 
The  CO.  yields  copper,  lead,  iron,  coal,  & 
limestone  ;  &  on  its  S.-most  border  are 
some  large  iron  works.  Principal  towns, 
Brecon,  Crickhowell,  &  Builth.   P.  60, 162. 

Breda,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Brabant,  in  a  wide  marsh,  on  the 
Merk.  P.  12,692.  It  is  regularly  &  well 
built.  Breda  has  a  magnetic  observatory, 
&  is  the  seat  of  a  commerc.  tribunal ;  it 
has  a  latin  school,  manufs.  of  woollen  & 
linen  fabrics,  &  musical  instruments. 

Bredbury,  a  tnshp.  of  England,  co. 
Chester.     P.  3,301. 

Bredevoort,  a  townoftheNetherl'ds, 
prov.  Gelderland. 

Bredon,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Cantal. 
P.  2,400. 

Bredstedt,  a  vill.  of  Denmark,  duchy 
Schleswig,  cap.  dist.  near  the  North  sea. 
P.  1,800;  of  dist.  1^,900. 

Bhee,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov.  Lim- 
bourg.    P.  1,610. 


W 


126 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bbe 


Bbeede,  a  riv.  of  S.  Africa,  Cape  Col- 
ony. It  is  tli8  deepest  &  one  of  the 
largest  rivs.  of  the  colony;  but  its  navig. 
is  impeded  by  a  bar  at  its  mouth,  with 
only  13  ft.  water  at  low,  &  19  ft.  at  high 
spring  tide. 

Bregancon,  a  small  fortfd.  islet  of 
France,  dap.  Var. 

BaEGENz,  a  frontier  town  of  Austriaj 
Tyrol.  P.  4,000.  It  has  some  cotton 
manafs.  ;  it  exports  a  large  number  of 
ready  made  wooden  houses  for  the  Alpine 
"dists.  of  Switzerland. 

Breglio,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  pro  v. 
Nice,  on  the  Roia.     P.  2,476. 

Brehar,    one  of  the   Soilly  isls.,  co. 
Corawall,  Engl.     It  is  mntnous.,  &  has 
some  druiJical  remains.     P.  121. 
'  Brehal,     a    town    of    France,    dep. 
Manche.     P.  1,732. 

Brbhat,  a  small  isl.  of  France,  in  the 
English  channel,  oif  the  coast  of  Brittany. 
It  has  a  vill.     P.  L560. 

Brehna,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov. 
Saxony.     P.  1,033.- 

Breisach  (New),  a  frontier  town  of 
France,  dep.  Haut-Rhin.  P.  1,742.^— 
II.  (Old),  a  town  of  G-ermany,  duchy 
Baden,  circ.  Upp.  Rhine,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Rhine.     P.  3,100. 

Breisgau,  an  old  divis.  of  Germany, 
in  S.W.  of  Swabia.  It  was-ceded  in  1806 
chfly.  to  Baden,  with  a  small  portion  to 
Switzerl.  &  Wlirteoiberg. 

Beeisig,  a  town  of  Rhen.  Prussia,  on 
I.  b.  of  the  Rhine.     P.  1,1-50. 

Beeitenbach,  a  town  of  Cent.  Germ'y. 
P.  2, 100,  engaged  in  manufs.  of  porcelain, 
wooden  wares,    &    musical   instruments. 

11.    a    vill.   of  Hessen-Cassel,    circ. 

Ziegenhain. III.    a  vill.  of  Switzerl. 

IV.  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 

Bas-Rhin.     P.  1,595. 

Breitenfeld,  a  vill.  of  Saxony,  re- 
markable for  two  battles  gained  by  the 
Swedes  during  the  30  years  war  ;  the  one, 
7th  Sept.  1631 ;  the  other,  2d  Nov.  1642. 
A  monument  was  erected  on  the  battle- 
field, 1831. 

Brejo,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov.  Mar- 
anhao,  cap.  Coinarca  of  same  name,  near 
1.  b.  of  the  river,  3.  Luiz.     P.  3,000. 

Brelade  (St.),  a  vill.  of  Jersey,  on  St. 
Brelade's  bay.     P.  2,170. 

Breme,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  prov. 
LonioUln.a,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Po.     P.  1,950. 

Bremen,  one  of  the  4  free  eities-of 
Germany,  on  both  banks  of  the  Weser. 
P.  53,153.  The  city  is  divided  by  the 
river  into  the  old  town  on  the  right,  & 
the  new  town  on  the  Mi  bank.  The  ri\'. 
is  crossed  by  an  old  &  a  new  bridge;  the 


quays  are  extensive.  The  princip.  build- 
ings are  St.  Peter's  church  or  the  Dom 
Kirche,  the  church  of  St.  Ansgarius,  re- 
markable for  its  spire,  upwards  of  300  ft. 
in  ht.,  a  town-hall,  the  observatory  of 
Olbers,  &  a  museum,  with  a  library  of 
25,000  vols.,  &  a  public  library  of  20,000 
vols.  Bremen  has  an  extens.  foreign 
trade,  especially  with  N.  Amer.,  &  it  is 
the  great  emporium  of  Brunswick,  Hes- 
sen,  &  Hanover.  The  greater  number 
of  German  emigrants  to  N.  Amer.,  have 
embarked  at  Bremen;  its  shipping  has 
been  recently  greatly  on  the  increase, 
bat  owing  to  the  sanding  up  of  the  river 
large  ships  cannot  reach  its  harbor.  The 
chief  industry  of  Bremen  consists  in  ship- 
building, &  manufs.  of  woollens  &  cottons, 
paper,  starch,  colors,  chicory,  &  cigars; 
it  has  also  e.Ktens.  sugar  refineries,  beer 
breweries,  &  brandy  distilleries.  The 
territory  of  the  free  city  of  Bremen,  ex- 
tending on  both  sides  of  the  river,  com- 
prises a  space  of  112  sq.  m.,  with  a  pop. 
of  72,000.-11.  (Duchy  of),  an  old 
dueby  of  Germany,  in  the  circ.  of  lower 

Saxony. III.  to^vn,   Lincoln  co.  Me. 

It  has  an  extensive  border  of  navigable 
waters.     P.  837. 

Bremerhafen,  a  town  of  Germany, 
belonging  to  the  republic,  in  the  Hano- 
verian territory,  on  the  rt.  b.  of  the  estu- 
ary of  the  We,-er,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Geests.  P.  2,380.  This  thriving  port 
v/as  built  by  Bremen  in  1830,  for  the  ac-, 
commodation  of  large  vessels  connected 
with  its  trade. 

Bremerlehe,  a  town  of  Hanover.  P. 
1,545. 

Bremervorde,  a  vill.  of  Hanover, 
landr.  Stade,  on  the  Oste.     P.  2,481. 

Bremgarten,  a  town  of  Switzerland, 

cant.  Bern,  on  the  Aar. II.  a  town, 

cant.  Aargau,  on  the  Reuss.     P.  1,000. 

Brenditz,  a  vill.  of  Moravia,  circ. 
Znaym.  This  was  the  head-quarters  of 
the  Archd.  Charles  during  the  battle  of 
Znaym  in  1809.  Porcelain  clay  is  ex- 
ported from  its  vicinity  for  the  imperial 
manaf.  of  Vienna.. 

Brendola,  a  Yill.  of  N.  Italy,  gov. 
Venice.     P.  3,319. 

Brenets  (Les),  a  vill.  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Neuchatel,  on  the  rt.  b.  of  the  Doubs. 
which  here  forms  a  fine  cascade,  85  ft.  in 
height,  &  turns  numerous  mills.  P.  1,400. 

Bhenne,  a  riv.  of  France,  dep.  COte-d'- 
Or. 

Brenne  (La),  an  old  dist.  of  France 
in  the  provs.  Touraine  &  Berry.  Many 
leeches  caught. 

Brenner,  a  mntn.  of  Austria,  one  of 


bSe] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


127 


the  culminating  points  of  the  Tyrol,  betw. 
the  Inn,  the  Aieha,  &  the  Adige.  Elev. 

6,783  ft., 

Breno,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  cap.  dist., 
on  the  Oglio.  In  its  vicinity  are  extens. 
stalactite  grottos.     P.  2,466. 

Brent,  two  small  rivs.  of  Engl. 

Brenta,  a  navig.  riv.  which  rises  in 
the  Tyrol,  &  traverses  Lombardy. 

Brentford,  a  town  of  Engl.,  &  the 
nom.  cap.,  co.  Ivliddlese.x,  on  the  Thames. 

Brexton  Bay,  an  inletj  N.  coast  of 
MelviU«  isl.,  Australia,  betw.  SmokyPoint 
&   Point  Byng.     It  a.bounds  with  turtle. 

Brentsville,  C.  H.  cap.  of  Prince 
William  co.  Va. 

BRENTWooa,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co. 
]Sr.  H.  on  bol;h  sides  of  E.xeter  i:  Iron  ore 
&  vitriol  combined  with  sulphur  have 
been  found  hero.     P.  893. 

Brenz,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  cire. 
Jcixt,  10  m.  S.E.  Heidenheim,  on  the 
Brenz.     P.  833. 

Bresca,  a  vill.  of  Illyria,  on  S.  coast 
of  isl.  Veglia,  in  the  Adriatic.    P.  2,500. 

Brescella,  a  walled  town  of  N.  Italy, 
Modena,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Po.     P.  2,000. 

Brescia,  a  city  of  Italy,  Lombardy, 
on  the  Grarza  &  on  the  railway  from  Mi- 
lan to  Venice,  elev.  512  ft.  P.  34,955. 
It  is  handsome,  flourishing,  &  enclosed 
by  ramparts,  now  dismantled.  Princip. 
buildings,  the  new  cathed.,  entirely  of 
marble,  begun  in  1604,  the  old  cathed  , 
numerous  churches  richly  adorned  with 
works  of  art,  the  epis.  palace,  hall  of 
justice,  the  Broletto,  or  old  palace  of  the 
republic,  &  many  remains  of  antiquit}'. 
In  a  Roman  edifice,  excavated  1822,  a 
fine  museum  of  antiqs.  has  been  deposited. 
It  has  a  public  librarj'  with  a  collection 
of  rare  MSS.,  a  college,  high  school,  athe- 
naeum, &  many  endowed  charit.  estabs. 
The  arms  &  cutlery  made  here  have  long 
been  considered  the  best  in  Italy.  Bres- 
cia has  also  manufs.  of  silk,  woollen  & 
linen  fabrics,  paper  &,  leather.  Near  it 
are  large  iron  works  &  oil  mills  ;  &  its 
wine  enjoys  repute. 

Brbscou,  a  small  isl.  of  France,  <iep. 
Herault,  near  the  coast. 

Breslau,  a  city  of  Prussia,  cap.  of  the 
prov.  of  Silesia,  on  the  Oder.  P.  112,- 
200.  It  has  many  fine  squares.  &  good 
public  edifices ;  archp's  palace,  mint, 
exchange,  barracks,  &  university  build- 
ings. In  one  of  the  squares  is  a  col- 
lossal  bronze  statue  of  Bllicher.  The  uni- 
versity, transferred  hither  from  Frank- 
fort on  the  Od^ir  in  1311,  has  a  public 
library  of  250,000  printed  vols.,  &  2.300 
MSS. ;  &  (in  1844)  70  students.    Breslau 


has  3  other  libraries ;  &  is  the  seat  of 
courts  for  the  prov.  &  reg.,  &  a  mining 
council.  It  is  the  great  emporium  for  the 
linens  of  Silesia,  &  the  greatest  mart  for 
wool  in  Germany.  It;  has  manufs.  of 
linen,  woollen,  cotton,  &  silk  fabrics, 
lace,  needles,  plate  jewellery,  earthen- 
ware, colors,  &c. ;  &  an  extensive  trade 
in  mining  produce,  timber,  flax,  &c.  It 
has  an  active  trade  on  the  Oder. 

Bresle,  a  small  riv.  in  Fiance,  betw. 
the  3ep3.  Somme,  &  Seine  Inf. 

Bresles,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Oise. 
P.  1,824. 

Bressay,  one  of  the  Shetland  isls.,  E. 
of  Mainland,  from  which  it  is  separated  by 

Bressrty  sound.  P.  904. Bressay  sound 

is  a  rendezvous  of  the  English  &  Dutch 
herring-boats  &  whale- ships,  &  often 
affords  shelter  to  ships  of  war. 

Bressb,  an  old  divis.  of  France,  in  the 
prov.  Bourgogne,  cap.  Bourg,  now  comp. 
in  the  dep.  Ain.  It  was  obtained  by  ex- 
change from  Savoy,  in  1601. 

Bresse  (La),  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Vosges.     P.  2,833. 

Eressoire,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Deux-Sevres.     P.  2,320. 

Brest,  a  coram.  &  city  of  France,  cap. 
arrond.,  dep.  Fitiisterre,  on  the  N.  shore 
of  a- small  gulf  called  the  Road  of  Brest. 
P.  33,163.  Brest  is  a  fortified  city  of  the 
first  class,  &  the  most  important  military 
port  of  France.  Its  bay,  which  is  capable 
of  containing  all  the  ships  of  war  in  Eu- 
rope, communicj.  with  the  German  ocean 
by  a  strait  called  the  "Goulet."  Its 
inner  harbor  is  one  of  the  most  secure  in 
Europe,  &  could  accommodate  60  ships 
of  the  line.  Among  its  most  important 
works,  are  5  large  basins,  extensive 
quaj's,  an  arsenal,  vast  magazines,  build- 
ing j'ards,  &o.  The  city,  built  on  the 
slopes  of  considerable  hills,  is  divided  by 
the  port  in  two  parts,  which  cominunicata 
only  by  boats.  Brest  has  many  impor- 
tant educ.  establishments,  a  med.  school, 
naval  school,  C'lmmunal  college,  &  a  school 
of  hydrography,  a  public  library,  botanic 
giirden  &  observ.atory.  It  has  few  manufs. 

Bretagne  (Engl.  Brittany),  an  old 
prov.  in  the  N.W.  of  France,  forming  an 
e.'ctensive  peninsula  between  the  English 
channel  &  the  Atlantic  ocean,  now  com- 
prised in  the  deps.  Finisterre,  Cotes-du- 
Nord,  Morbihan,  &  Loire  Inferieure. 
This  prov.  derives  its  name  from  the 
Britons,  who  establi.-hed  themselves  here, 
after  having  been  driven  from  Britain  by 
the  Saxons,  in  the  5th  cent. 

Bsetenoux,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Lot.     P.  800. 


128 


CYCLOPJilDIA   OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bri 


Breteuil,  two  towns  of  France,  dep. 
Eure,  on  thsS  Iton.     P.  1,487,  engaged  in 

extens.  iron  works. II.  dep.  Oise,  on 

the  railw.  dii  Nord.     P.  2,474. 

Bretherton,  :i  tnshp.  of  England,  co. 
Lancaster. 

Bretigny,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Eure- 
et-Loir,  on  the  Paris  &  Orleans  railway. 

Bretten,  a  town  of  W.  Germany,  Ba- 
den, circ.  Midd.  Rhine.  P.  3,000.  Me- 
lancthon  was  born  here,  1497. 

Breukelen,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Utrecht,  on  the  Vecht.     P.  1,599. 

Brevig,  a  town  of  Norway,  stift  Ag- 
gershuus,  wiih  a  port  on  the  Langesunds 
Fiord.     P.  1,166.     Trade  in  iron. 

Brevine  (La),  a  vill.  of  Switzeri.,  cant. 
Neuchatel,  in  the  valley  of  .same  name. 
P.  2,319,  engaged  in  watch  &  lace  making, 
&  working  in  metals.  Near  it  is  a  bed 
of  coal,  suppo.'scd  to  be  the  fossil  relic  of 
a  forest  swallowed  up  during  an  earth- 
quake, Sept.  18,  1356. 

Brewer,  town,  Penobscot  co.  Maine, 
on  E.  side  of  Penobscot  riv.     Manufs.  of 

roi^es  &  leather.     P.  1,736. -11.  town, 

Pike  CO.  Ark.     P.  281. 

Brewster,  t.,  Barnstable  co.  Mass., 
on  Cape'  Cod,  It  has  some  good  mil 
seats.  Inhabs.  mostly  employed  in  the 
fisheries.     P.  1,522. 

BriaStc^on,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  H. 
Alpes.  P.  1,419.  It  is  the  most  elevated 
town  of  France,  occupying  a  picturesque 
site,  4,285  ft.  above  the  sea,  &  surrounded 
by  still  loftier  heights. 

Brian^onnais,  an  old  dist.  of  France, 
in  Haut-Dauphine. 

BRiANSK,at-  of  Russia,  gov.  &  cap.  circ, 
on  the  Desna.  P.  6,000.  It  has  a  cannon- 
foundry,  &  a  manuf.  of  small  arms. 

Briare,  a  town  of  France)  dep.  Loiret, 
cap.  cant.,'  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Loire.  P.  2,587. 
The  canal  de  Briare,  connecting  the  Loire 
with  the  Seine  at  Montargis,  34i  m.  in 
length,  is  the  oldest  work  of  the  liind  in 
France,  having  been  commenced  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  IV.,  in  1606. 

Briatexte,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Tarn,  on  the  Adou.     P.  1,453. 

Bribiesca,  a  town,  Spain,  prov.  Bur- 
gos, on  the  Oca.     P.  2,040. 

Brice  (St.),  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  H. 
Vienne.     P.  1,127, 

Bricherasco,  a  town  of  Piedmont, 
prov.  Pinerolo.     P.  3,421. 

Bricksville,  p-t.,  Cuyahoga  co.  Ohio, 
on  the  Cuyahoga  riv.  &  Oliio  canal. 

Bricquebec,  a  town  of  France,  dep, 
Manche.     P.  1,953. 

Bride,  two  rivs.  of  Ireland,  Munster. 

Bride's  Bay  (St.)^  is  an  inlot  of  the 


Irish  sea,  at  the  W.  estrem.  of  the  co, 
Pembroke.  Length  &  breadth,  about  8 
m,  each. 

Bridgend,  a  town  of  S.  Wales,  co. 
Glamorg. 

Bridgenorth,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Salop,  on  the  Severn.  P.  5,770.  The 
town  consists  of  an  upper  &  lower  part, 
connected  by  a  bridge  of  6  arches.  The 
upper  town  is  picturesquely  built  on  a 
rock,  crowned  by  the  ancient  castle  ;  be- 
tween them  is  a  large  public  reservoir, 

Bridgeport,  city,  Fairfield  co.  Conn. 
It  is  situated  on  the  W.  side  of  an  arm 
of  Long  Island  sound.  The  barb.,  though 
80  rods  wide,  &  with  13  feet  water  on  the 
bar  at  its  entrance  at  high  water,  is  very 
narrow,  &  of  difficult  access  at  low  tide. 
The  Pequonock,  a  small  stream,  entei-a 
into  it  at  its  head,  A  mile  &  a  lialf  up, 
the  harbor  is  crossed  by  a  toll  bridge, 
1,237  feet  long.  The  city  is  neatly  built. 
It  has  4  banks,  &  several  vessels  engaged 
in  the  eoasting  trade  &  in  the  fisheries. 
Extensive  manufac.  of  carriages  &  sad- 
dles. It  is  connected  with  New  York  by 
a  steamboat  line,  &  by  the  N.  Y,  &  N,  H. 

railroad.     P,  7,560. II.  p-v.,  Belmont 

co,  Ohio,  on  the  Ohio  riv.  It  has  consid- 
erable trade  in  flour  &  tobacco, III. 

Fayette  co.  Pa. 

Beidgeton,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.  Me., 
sitaated  on  a  long  pond.     P.  1,987. 

Bridgetown,  port  of  entry  &  capital 
of  Cumberland  co.  N.J.  It  is  on  Co- 
hansy  cr.,  20  m.  from  Delaware  bay. 
1  bank,  a  public  library,  &  various  man- 
ufactories. A  large  number  of  coasting 
sloops.    'Extensive  iron  works.    P.  2,446. 

Tonnage  1,483,507. II.  the  cap.  town 

of  the  isl.  Barbadoes.     P.  19,362. 

Bridgewater,  p-t.,  Grafton  cO.  N.  H, 
It  lies  between  Peraigewasset  r,  &  New- 
found pond,     P,  747, II.  t ,  Plymouth 

CO.  Mass.,  watered  by  branches  of  Taun- 
ton r.  P.  2,790. — -III.  t.,  Windsor  co, 
Vt.  AVatered  by  Queechy  riv,  &  ita 
branches.  Some  water  power.  Iron  ore 
&  an  inexhaustible  quarry  of  soapstone 

is   found   here.      P.    1,363. -IV.   p-t., 

Oneida  co.  N.  Y.     The  Unadilla  r.  rises 

here.     P.    1,413. V.   t.,   Somerset  co, 

N.  J,,   manufac.  of  woollens   &   leather, 

P.  3,983, VI,  v.,  Beaver  co.  Pa. 

VII,  t.,  Washtenaw,  co.  Mich. VIII.  a 

port  of  Engl.,  co.  Somerset,  on  both  sides 
of  the  Parret. 

Bridport,  t.,  Adlison  co.  Vt.  IVlies 
on  Lake  Champlain,  opposite  Crown 
Point.  The  water  of  the  town  is  impreg- 
nated with  Epsom  salts  to  such  a  degree 
that  a  pailful  has  been  known  to  yield  a 


1^ 


BKl] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


129 


pound.     P.  1,480. II.  a  seaport  town 

of  Engl.,  CO.  Dorset,  on  the  Brit  or  Bride 
riv.,  here  crossed  by  sev.  bridges.  Tlie 
town  consists  of  3  princip.  streets,  &  has 
many  handsome  hos.,  branch  bank,  alms- 
ho.,  mechanics'  institute  with  manufs.  of 
sail-cloth,  shoe  thread,  lines,  nets,  &c. 
The  harb.,  about  1  m.  S.  of  the  town,  ad- 
mits vessels  of  200  tons. 

Brie,  an  old  dist.,  France. 

Brie-Comtb-Robert,   a  t.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Marne. 
■    Briec,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Finis- 
terre.     P.  4,481. 

Brieg,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Silesia,  cap. 
circ,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Oder,  &  on  tlw  railw. 
from  Breslau  to  Oppeln.     P.  12,150. 

Brieg,  a  town  of  Switzerl.,  caut.  Va- 
lais,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Rhone,  at  the  com- 
mefncement  of  the  Siiuplon  pass. 

Briel,  a  seaport  town  of  the  Neth'ds., 
prov.  S.  Holland,  on  the  isl.  Voorne.  P. 
4,504.  It  has  many  military  magazines 
&  a  good  harb.  It  was  the  nucleus  of 
the  Dutch  repub.,  its  capture  by  William 
de  la  Marck,  on  the  ist  of  Ajsril,  1572, 
having  been  the  first  important  event  in 
the  struggle  betw.  Holland  &  Spain. 

Brienne-le-Chateau,  a  town  of 
France,  dep.  Aube,  near  rt.  b.  of  the 
Aube.  P.  1,830.  It  takes  its  designa- 
tion from  a  superb  chateau  built  here 
shortly  before  the  revolution  by  the  last 
Compte  de  Brienne;  but  is  more  cele- 
brated as  the  place  where  Napoleon  re- 
ceived the  rudiments  of  his  military  edu- 
cation, and  where,  on  29th  Jan.  1814,  he 
met  the  Allies  in  a  bloody  battle,  in 
which  the  French  had  the  advantage. 

Brienon,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Yonne, 
near  the  canal  de  Bourgogne.     P.  2,661. 

Brienz,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Bern,  on  the  N.  shore  of  lake  of  same 
name.  P.  3,102.  The  Briemer-see,  or 
lake  of  Brienz,  is  formed  by  the  riv.  Aar, 
at  the  foot  of  the  valley  of  Hasli  &  above 
the  lake  of  Thun. 

Brienza,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Ba- 
silioata.     P.  4,300. 

Briercliffb,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co 
Lancaster.     P.  1,493. 

Briesen,  a  town  of  N.  Hungary,  co. 
Sohl,  on  the  Gran.     P.  3,767. 

Brieuc  (St.),  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
COtes-du-Nord,  in  the  bay  of  St.  Brieuc. 
P.  9,398.  The  most  remark,  objects  are 
a  cathedral  of  the  XIII.  cent.,  a  granite 
bridge  of  3  arches  over  the  Gouet,  &  a 
statue  of  Du  Guesclin.  It  has  a  comm. 
college,  public  library,  chamber  of  com- 
merce, &  a  consdble.  expt.  trade  in  butter 
&  cider.    Its  pqrt  is  at  the  vill.  of  Legue, 

6* 


1  m.  lower  on  the  Gouet.  It  sends  seve- 
ral vessels  to  the  whale  &  seal  fishing. 

Briey,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Mo- 
selle.    P.  1,900. 

Briezen,  a  town  of  Prussia,  circ.  Ma- 
rienwerder.     P.  1,160. 

Briga,  a  vill.  of  the  Sard,  sta.,  pror. 
Nice,  on  the  Livenza.     P.  3,000. 

Brightlingsea,  a  marit.  pa.  of  Engl., 
CO.  Essex,  forming  a  penins.  betw.  the 
Colne  &  Brightlingsea  creek. 

Brighton,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.  Me.     P. 

803. II.   p-t.,    Middlesex   co.    Mass. 

"Watered  by  Charles  r.  The  most  exten- 
sive cattle  market  in  the  country.  Neat 
cattle,  sheep  &  swine  have  been  sold  here 
to  the  value  of  $2,500,000  in  a  single  year. 

P.  1,425. III.  p-t,  Monroe  co.  N.  Y. 

Watered  by  Genesee  r.     Some  manufac. 

of  powder.- IV.  p-v.,  Beaver  co.  Pa., 

on  the  W.  side  of  Bigg  Beaver  r.  Ma- 
nufac. of  paper  &  cotton  goods.     P.  902. 

V.   p-t.,    Livingston   co.    Mich.,    on 

branches  of  Huron  r. VI.  Brighton, 

a  seaport  town  &  watering-place  of 
Engl.,  CO.  Sussex,  on  the  Eng.  Channel. 
The  town,  sheltered  on  the  N.  <&  N.E. 
by  the  South-downs,  extends  for  3  m. 
along-  the  coa,st,  fronted  by  a  sea-wall 
about  60  ft.  in  ht.,  principal  structures  are 
the  suspension  chnin  pier,  extend.  1,014 
ft.  into  the  sea,  &  St.  Peter's  church, 
containing  a  font  reputed  to  have  been 
brought  from  Normandy  at  the  time  of 
the  conquest; 

Brightside-Bieklow,  a  township  of 
England,  CO.  York.  W.  Riding,  pa.  &  3  m. 
N.E.  Sheffield.   P.  10,089,  chiefly  artisans. 

Brignais,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Rhone,  on  the  Garon.     P.  1,901. 

BniGNANO,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  Lom- 
b-ardy.     P.  2,400. 

Brignoles,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Var,  cap.  arrond.  P.  4,707.  It  is  well 
built,  &  has  several  squares  planted  <fc 
decorated  with  fountains,  a  public  library, 
a  normal  school,  manufs.  of  silk  twist  & 
leather,  &  a  considerable  trade. 

Bhihuega,  a  town  of  Spain,  New  Cas- 
tile, prov.  Guadalajara,  on  the  Tajuiia. 
P'.  4,364.  It  has  manufs.  of  linen  &  wool- 
len fabrics.  Here  in  1710,  the  French, 
under  the  duke  de  VendOme,  defeated  the 
allies  under  Lord  Stanhope. 

Brilon,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Westphalia, 
reg.  Arnsberg,  cap.  circ.  P.  3,537.  Its 
large  pa.  church  is  said  to  date  from  the 
time  of  Charlemagne.  It  has  manufs.  of 
linens,  &  near  it  are  mines  of  lead,  cop- 
per, zinc,  &  iron. 

Brimfield,  p-t.,  Hampden  co.  Mass. 
Watered  by  Chicopee  &  Quinnebaug  rs. 


130 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bei 


Manufae.  of  leather  &  cotton  goods.  P. 
1,419. II.  p-t.,  Portage  co.O. 

BniNGiERs,  c.  H.,  St.  Jaujes  pa.,  La. 
on  the  S.  side  Miss.  r. 

Beinkburn,  a  tn?hp.  of  Engl.,  co.  Nor- 
thumberland, N.N.Vf.  Morpeth.  Here 
are  the  ruius  of  a  priory  in  a  situation  of 
singular  beauty,  on  the  b'ks  of  the  Coquet. 
Coal  &  limest.  found  in  great  abundance. 
-  Brinnington,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co. 
Che.ster.     P.  5,331. 

Bkiones,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Lo- 
groiio,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Ebro.     P.  3,021. 

Brioni  Islands,  a  group  of  small  isls. 
in  the  Adriatic,  on  the  coast  of  lUyria. 

Brionne.  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Eure. 
P.  1,902. 

.Briocde,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  II. 
Loire,onl.  b  of  the  Allie'r.  P.  4,795.  It 
lias  a  fine  church  in  the  Byzantine  style, 
founded  in  the  9th  cent.,  a  commercial 
college,  &  a  public  library.  At  Old 
JBrioude,  3  m.  S  S.E.  Brioude,  are  the  re- 
mains of  a  bridge  over  the  Allier,  which 
fell  in  1822,  it  consisted  of  a  single  arch 
88  ft.  high,  &  206  ft.  in  span.  The  Marq. 
de  Lafayette  was  born  at  Brioude  in  1757. 

Brisbane,  a  co.  of  E.  Australia,  New 

S.  Wales. II.  the  cap.  town  of  same 

CO.,  Brisbane  river.  It  ceased  to  be  a 
penal  settlement  in  1842. — —Brisbane- 
douns  are  in  tlie  S.  part  of  New  S.Wales, 

Jibout   2,000  ft.  in  average  height. 

Brisbane  river,  co.  Brisbane. 

Brissac,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Maine- 
et-Loire,  with  1,000  inhabs.,  &  an  old 
castle  of  singular  grandeur. 

BsissAGO,  a  town  of  Switzerld.,  cant. 
TeFsin.  It  is  finely  situated,  &  has  an 
active  transit  trade. 

Brissarthe,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Maine-et-Loire. 

Bristol,  t.,  Lincoln  co.  Me.,  on  the 
Atlantic.  Watered  by  Pemiquoit  riv. 
which  affords  mill-seats.  It  has  good 
harbors  &  considerable  shipping  in  coast- 
ing trade  k  fisheries.  The  oldest  settle- 
ment in  Me.    P.  2,931. II.  t.,  Grafton 

CO.  N.  H.  It  has  Newfound  lake  on  its 
N.W.,  the  outlet  of  which  affords  good 
water  power.  P.  1,153. III.  t.,  Ad- 
dison CO.  Vt.  It  borders  on  the  Green 
mountain.     Watered  by  New-Haven  r. 

P.   1,233. IV.   county,   Mass.,   in  the 

S.E.  part  of  the  state,  on  the  Atlantic 
ocean  &  Buzzard's  bay,  watered  by  Taun- 
ton r.,  which  affords  good  water  power. 
S'lil  indifferent.  Its  extensive  sea-coast 
afifords  great  advantages  for  navigation. 
New  Bedford  its  chief  town,  in  tonnage, 
is  the  second  in  the  state.  The  common 
agricultural  fruits  are  produced.     Large 


nu+nbers-  of  neat  cattle,  sheep  &  swine 
are  here.  Heavj- trade  in  lumber.  Fishing 
intere.«t  immense,  employing  capital  of 
more  than  6  millions.  Extensive  manu- 
fae. of  cotton  &  woollen  goods  &  of  leather ; 
nunjerous  furnaces  &  potterie.--'.  P. 
74,577.     Cap.  New  Bedford  &  Taunton. 

V.  cnunty.  P.,.  I.,  in  theN.E.  part  of 

state  between  Mount  Hope  .  &  Narra- 
gansett  baj's.  Chief  manufae.  of  leather, 
cStton,  &  rojies.  The  fishing  interest  is 
large  &  important,  over  $300,000  in  the 
com  mercial  stores.  P.  8,514.  Cap.  Bris- 
tol.  -YI.  port  of  entry  &  cap.  Bristol 

CO.  Rhode  I.  on  the  E.  side  of  Narragansett 
bay,  has  a  good  harbor  &  is  extensively 
engaged  in  the  coasting  trade  &  the  fish- 
eries. Tonnage,  1,217,763.  In  this  town 
lies  Mt.  Hope,  elev.  300  feet  above  tide- 
water. Here  the  celebrated  "King 
Philip,"  chief  of  the  Pequods,  held  his 
court.  It  has  .=everal  for.  commission 
houses,  &  near  fifty  retail  stores.  Lar-ge 
cap.  invested  in  fisheries,  &  manufae.  of 

cotton.      P.  4,616. VII.  t,   Hartford 

CO.  Conn.,  watered  by  branches  of  Farm- 
ington   r.     Distinguished   for   manufacs 

of  clocks  &  buttons.     P.  2,884. yill. 

t.,  Philadelphia  co.  Penn.,  watered  by 
Tacony  er.,  which  affords  water  power. 

P.   1,734. IX.  t.,  Ontario  co.  N.   Y. 

Watered  by  Mud  cr.  It  has  an  inflam- 
mable spring.  P.  1,953. X.  t.,  Mor- 
gan   CO.  0..   drained  by  Meig's   cr.     P. 

1,645. XL  p-v.,  Bucks  co.  Penn.,  on 

the  W.  bank  of  the  Delaware  r.  20  m. 
above  Philadelphia  ;  a  great  amount  of 
coal  passes  through.  It  has  a  bank,  sev- 
eral churc>ies,  &    about    12  stores.      P. 

1,438. XII.  t.,  Bucks  CO.  Penn.     P. 

1,450. XIII.  p-t..  Napier    co.  Mich. 

■ XIV.    v.,    Racine,    Wis. XV.    a 

city,  seaport,  &  co.  of  Engl.,  sit.  chiefly 
in  Glo'stersh.,  k  partly  in  Somersetsh., 
on  the  Avon,  at  its  confl.  with  the  Frome. 
P.  in  1801,  39,914,  &  in  1841,  123,188. 
Bristol  extends  over  several  hills  &  in- 
termediate valleys.  The  old  city  betw. 
the  Avon  &  Frome  is  ill  built;  Princlp. 
edifices,  the  cathed.,  a  beautiful  struc- 
ture, founded  in  the  time  of  King  Ste- 
phen, 175  ft.  in  length,  128  ft.  in  breadth, 
&  having  a  tower  140  ft.  in  height,  &,  19 
pa.  churches.  In  1841,  there  were  stated 
to  be  598  schools  in  the  city,  educating 
21,864  pupils  ;  of  which  12  were  endowed 
institutions.  Queen  Elizabeth's  hospital 
educates  100  boys,  &  has  a  rev.  of  £5,000 
a  year.  Alms-houses,  &  medical,  &  other 
benevolent  institutions  are  very  nu- 
merons.  Bristol  has  a  new  proprietary 
college    belonging    to   the    Baptists,  a 


BRi] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


131 


school  of  medicine,  a  public  library  with 
30,000  vols.,  law  &  medical  libraries,  &  a 
mechanics'  institution.  It  long  ranked  as 
the  second  commercial  emporium  of  Engl., 
but  its  progress  has  not  kept  pace  with 
that  of  other  ports.  It  has,  however,  large 
iron  &  brass  foundries  ;  copper,  tin,  zinc, 
&  glass  works;  chemical  &  color  works; 
sugar  refineries  &  distilleries.  The  Avon 
at  Bristol,  though  narrow,  is  deep  enough 
for  large  ships,  &  early  in  the  present 
cent.,  its  course  was  turned  for  some  dis- 
tance, at  a  cost  of  £700,000,  &  its  old 
channel  now  forms  a  harb.,  furnished 
with  locks  &  quays  6,000  ft.  in  length. 
Ships  of  large  burden,  &  first-rate  steam- 
ers, load  &  discbarge  cargo  at  Kiugroad, 
in  the  mouth  of  this  riv.  The  city  re- 
tains a  large  share  of  the  West  India 
trade.     It  sends  2  mems.  to  H.  of  C. 

Bristol  Channel,  an  arm  of  the  At- 
lantic, entering  between  St.  Ann's  Head 
on  the  N.  &  Land's  End  on  the  S. 

Britain,  including  Engl.  &'  Scotl.,  is 
the  largest  island  of  Europe,  &  the  prin- 
cipal of  the  group  British  isles,  bounded 
N.  &  E.  by  the  German  ocean,  on  the  S. 
by  the  Eng'lish  channel,  which  separates 
it  froQi  Frnnce  ;  on  the  W.  by  the  Irish 
sea,  &  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Atlantic  ocean. 
Extreme  1.,  587  m. ;  greatest  b.,  360  m. 
In  general  form;  it  is  wedge-shaped.  Its 
B.-ern  coast  forms  a  waving  continuous 
line ;  but  its  W.-ern  is  very  irregular,  & 
deeply  indented  with  bays  &  arms  of  the 
sea,  interspersed  with  numerous  isls. 
Surface  of  Britain  in  the  S.E.  level;  in 
th~e  centre,  hilly;  in  the  W.  mountainous. 
In  the  middle  districts,  coal,  lime,  saltj  & 
ironstone  are  abundant.  A  mntn.  range, 
varying  in  elev.  from  1,500  to  3,000  ft., 
extends  through  the  isU  from  I^.  to  S. 
In  addition,  there  is  a  branch  near  3,000 
ft.  high  ;  the  Cheviots,  the  Lammermoors, 
&  the  Great  Grampian  range,  whose  ex- 
treme altitude,  measured  by  Ben  Nevis, 
is. upward  of  4,300  ft.  The  most  consid- 
erable rivs.  are  the  Severn,  Medway, 
Dee,  Mersey,  Clyde,  on  the  W.  coast ;  & 
the  Thames,  Trent,  Humber,  Tyne,  Forth, 
Tay,  &  Spey  on  the  E.  coast.  The  prin- 
cipal lakes  are  those  of  Cumberland  & 
Westmoreland  in  Engl.,  &  L.  Lomond, 
Tay,  Maree,  &c.,  in  Scotland.  The  prin- 
cipal bays  &  estuaries  are  the  British 
channel,  Cardigan  B.,  Lancaster  B.,  the 
Solway  Firth,  Firth  of  Clyde  on  the  W., 
&  the  Thames  mouth,  the  Wash,  the 
,  Humber,  the  Firths  of  Forth,  Tay,  Mur- 
ray, &  Cromarty  on  the  E.,  while  on  the 
S.  there  are  Falmouth,  Plymouth,  Ports- 
mouth, &  other  important  bays  &  harbors. 


I  The  British  islands  include  Ireland,  the 
Isle  of  Wight,  Anglesea,  Man,  the  Scilly 
isls.,  Bute,  Arran,  the  Hebrides,  Orkney 
&  Shetland  isls.  All  the  grains  &  grasses 
&  the  common  European  fruits  grow  in 
almost  all  districts  &  situations,  not  too 
elevated,  &  are  of  the  best  description. 
Of  wild  animal?:,  the  fox,  badger,  deer,  & 
wild  cat,  are  the  princip.xl ;  of  birds,  the 
bittern  &  the  eagle.  Mineral  products 
are  silver,  copper,  tin,  lead,  iron  &  coal. 
A  great  proportion  of  the  land  of  the 
united  kingdom  is  under  cultivation  &  in 
pasturage.  Total  value  of  agricultural 
produce  is  Very  great ;  while  the  annual 
value  of  Briti-h  mmufactures  is  estim. 
at  121,750,000/.  The  mercantile  shipping 
of  Great  Britain  amounts  to  over  30,000 
vessels,  with  a  tonnage  of  3,700,000. 
Great  Britain  has  the  largest  naval  ar- 
mament in  the  world,  &  possesses  147 
war  steamers,  including  3  in  Canada. 
During  the  1  ist  40  years,  13,600  m.  of 
railroad,  requiring  a  capital  of  320  mil- 
lions, have  been  authorized  by  parlia- 
ment. A  large  portion  of  this  has  been 
built.  Very  extensive  lines  of  electric 
telegraph  have  been  established.  Britain 
is  historically  known  from  the  invasion 
of  Julius  Caesar,  about  55  b.c.  It  is  con- 
jectured to  have  been  originally  peopled, 
first  by  the  Celts  from  Gaul,  &  after- 
wards by  Teutonic  tribes  from  Germany 
&  Scandinavia.  The  original  G»lic  name 
is  Albion.  Britain  is  derived  from  the 
Britannia  of  the  Ilomans,  who  formed 
the  name  from  Britin.  The  Romans  oc- 
cupied the  country  till  about  a.d.  420. 
After  the  termination  of  their  power,  the 
conquest  of  the  greater  part  of  Britain 
was  made  by  the  Saxons,  Jutes,  &  An- 
glians,  the  latter  giving  their  name  to 
England.  This  conquest  occupied  about 
130  years.  In  1066,  the  Normans  made 
a  descent  on  England,  &  poss'essed  them- 
selves of  the  greater  part  of  the  count-ry. 
Ireland  was  subdued,  &  brought  under 
the  British  government  in  1172.  In  1215 
Magna  Charta  was  obtained  by  the  bar- 
ons. In  1283  Wales  was  united  to  Eng- 
land ;  &  in  1604  there  was  a  union  of  the 
crown  of  Scotland  to  that  of  England. 
The  legislative  union  of  Ireland  with  Gt. 
Britain  took. place  in  1799.  The  govern- 
ment of  the  united  kingdom  is  a  limited 
monarchy;  the  legislative  authority  is 
vested  in  the  sovereign  &  the  parliament 
or  houses  of  Lords  &  Commons.  The 
house  of  Peers  consists  of  the  Lords  spir- 
itual &  temporal.  The  H.  of  C.  is  com- 
posed of  656  members  chosen  by  counties, 
cities,  boroughs,  &g-     The  courts  of  law 


132 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bro 


&  local  government  vary  in  different  ill- 
visions  of  the  empire,  fcut  each  county 
throughout  the  kingdom  is  governed  by 
a  lieutenant,  sheriff,  &  other  officers  ap- 
pointed by  the  crown.  The  Episcopal  is 
the  state  established  religion  in  England 
&  Ireland,  &  the  Presbyterian  in  Soot- 
land.  There  is,  however,  complete  reli- 
gious toleration.  P.  of  Great  Britain, 
20,936,468.  Net  revenue  in  1851-'52, 
48,320,078/.  National  debt  in  1851, 
£782,869,382.  The  capital  of  Gt.  Britain 
is  London. 

Britannia  Islands,  a  group  of  small 
isls.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  N.E.  of  New 
Caledonia,  the  largest  of  which  (Uea)  is 
30  m.  in  length,  the  others  are  all  small. 
Climate  salubrious. 

Brittany,  a  prov.  of  France.    [Bee- 

TAGNE.] 

Brittnau,  a  vill.  of  Switzerl.,  cant. 
Aargau,  on  the  Wigger.    P.  2,075. 

Brive,  a  riv.  of  France,  dep.  Loire 
Inf.,  joins  the  Loire  on  the  right,  above 
St.  Nazaire,  length  30  m. 

Brives-La-Gaillarde,  a  comm.  &  t. 
of  France,  dep.  Corr^ze,  in  a  rich  plain, 
on  the  Correze.  P.  5,983.  It  is  built  of 
stone,  enclosed  by  planted  boulevards, 
has  a  comm.  college,  manufs.  of  wool- 
lens, muslins,  silk,  handkerchiefs,  &  cot- 
ton yarn,  with  bleaching  works,  distil- 
leries, &  an  active  trade. 

Brivio,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  deleg. 
Como,  on  the  Adda. 

Brix,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Manche.     P.  3,088. 

Brixen,  a  town  of  the  Tyrol,  S.  of  the 
Alps,  circ.  Pusterthal,  on  the  route  from 
Italy  to  Germany,  by  the  Brenner  pass. 
P.  3,000. 

Brixham,  a  mrkt.  &  seaport  town  of 
Engl.,  CO.  Devon,  on  the  Torbay.  The 
town  has  an  ane.  church,  a  large  nation- 
al, &  19  daily' schools,  a  good  harbor, 
subordinate  to  the  port  of  Dartmouth,  & 
about  100  vessels,  employed  in.  the  coast- 
ing trade.  William  III.  landed  in  Engl, 
at  Brixham,  on  the  5th  Nov.  1688. 

Broad,  r.,  Ga.,  branch  of  the  Savan- 
nah.  II.  r.  S.  C.,  an  arm  of  the  sea,  be- 
tween Port  Royal  isl.  &  the  main  land. 
III.  r.,  S.  C.  &  uniting  with  the  Sa- 
luda forms  the  Congaree. 

Broadalbin,  p4.,  Fulton  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
2,738. 

Broad  Creek,  hundred,  Sussex  co. 
Del.    P.  2,640. 

Broadhaven,  a  bay  on  the  W.  coast 
of  Ireld.,  CO.  Mayo. 

Broad  Kill,  hund.,  Sussex  co.  Del. 
P.  3,741. 


Broad  Sound,  an  inlet  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Australia     L.  50  m.  ;  b.  22  m. 

Beoadstairs,  a  small  seaport  town  of 
Engl.,  CO.  Kent,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  I. 
of  Thanet.  P.  1,459.  It  has  of  late  be- 
come a.  favorite  watering-place. 

Broad  Top,  town,  Bedford  co.  Penn. 
P. • 

Brocken,  a  mntn.  of  Prussia,  prov. 
Sasony,  in  the  range  of  the  Harz  mntns., 
of  which  it  is  the  culminating  point, 
3,740  ft.  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It 
is  cultivated  nearly  to  the  summit,  & 
commands  an  extensive  prospect. 

Brockport,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.  N.  Y. 
on  the  Erie  canal.     P.  1,249. 

Brockville,  cap.  of  Leeds  &Xjrrenville 
COS.,  U.  Canada,  on  the  St.  Lawrence  r., 
139  m.  W.  of  Montreal.     P.  3,246. 

Brod,  many  small  towns  in  central  & 

S.E.  Europe. 1.  (Deutsch),  Bohemia, 

circ.  Czaslau,  on  the  Zasawa.  P.  3,987. 
It  has  a  custom-house  &  gymnasium, 
with  mineral  baths,  silver  mines,  & 
manufs.  of  woollen  cloth. II.  {Bohe- 
mian), circ.  Kaurzim.     P.  1,600. III. 

{Hungarian),   Moravia,   circ.   Hradisch. 

P.  3,381. IV.    (Turkish),    a  fortress 

of  Bosnia,  on  the  Save. 

Brodick  Bay,  isl.  of  Arran,  Scotl.,  on 
N.  side. 

Brody,  a  frontier  town  of  Austrian 
Galicia,  cap.  circ.  Zloczow.  P.  24,000. 
It  is  filthy,  unpaved,  &  built  mostly  of 
wood  ;  it  has,  however,  an  imperial  cham- 
ber, a  commerc.  tribunal,  Jewish,  Bom. 
Cath.,  grammar  &  commerc.  schools,  &  a 
castle.  It  was  made  a  free  commerc.  town 
in  1779,  &  enjoys  an  extensive  trade  with 
Russia,  Poland,  &  Turkey. 

Broek-in-Waterland,  a  vill.  of  the 
Nether'lds,  prov.  North  Holland.  P. 
1,407. 

Broglie,  a  small  town  of  France,  dep. 
Eure,  arr.  Bernay.     P.  1,000. 

Broken  Bay,  a  fine  inlet  of  the  S. 
Pacific,  in  New  South  Wales. 

Broken  Straw,  t.,  Warren  co.  Penn. 
Several  furnaces,  about  20  saw-mills.  P. 
1,149. 

Bromberg,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Poland, 
cap.  reg.,  on  the  Brahe,  prov.  Posen.  P. 
9,600.  Besides  the  courts  for  its  reg.,  it 
has  a  gymnasium  &  normal  school,  with 
manufs.  of  chicory,  tobacco,  Pruss.  blue, 
linen  &  woollen  fabrics,  &  an  active  tran- 
sit trade. 

Bromley,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  Kent, 
on  the  Ravensbourne.  P.  4,325.  The 
town  consists  mostly  of  a  single  neatly 
built  street,  on  the  road  from  London  to 
Tunbridge.    Bromley  has  a  handsome  & 


BROJ 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


133 


well-endowed  college,  founded  in  1666, 
for  the  resid.  &  support  of  40  clergymen's 
widows. 

Bromsebho,  a  ham.  of  Sweden,  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Bromse,  celeb,  in  his- 
tory for  the  treaties  betw.  Sweden  & 
Denmark  in  1541  &  1641. 

Bhomsgrove,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Worcester. 

Bromwich  (Castle),  a  vill.  of  Engl., 
CO.  Warwick. 

Bromwich  (West),  a  vill.  of  Engl.,  co. 
Stafford. 

Bromyard,  a  small  town  of  Engl.  co. 
Hereford. 

Brondolo,  a  vill.  of  North  Italy. 

Broni,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  prov.  Vog- 
hera.     P.  6,000. 

Bronnitza,  2  towns  of  Russia. 1. 

gov.  Novgorod,  on  the  Msta,  here  crossed 

by  a  large  floating  bridge. II.  gov. 

Moscow,  cap.  circ.  on  the  Moskwa,  with 
an  imperial  stud,  which  in  1830  com- 
prised 237  horses. 

Bronson,  p-t.,  Huron  co.  0.,  watered 
by  brs.  of  Huron  r.     P.  1,291. 

Brokson's  Prairie,  Branch  co.  Mich. 
P.  622. 

Bronte,  a  town  of  Sicily,  intend.  Ca- 
tania, at  the  W.  foot  of  Mt.  Etna.  P. 
9,150.  It  has  a  college,  &  manufa.  of 
coarse  woollens  &  paper. 

Brooke,  county,  Va.,  in  the  extreme 
N.W.  part  of  the  state,  on  the  Ohio  riv. 
Some  iron  ore  &  bituminous  coal  are 
found  here.  Some  manufacs.  of  woollens, 
cotton  goods,  leather,  glass,  earthenware 
&  paper.  Large  number  of  grist  m.  & 
saw  m.     P.  5,054.     Cap  Wellsburg. 

Brookfield,  t.,  Carroll  co.  N.  H. 
There   are   large  ponds  in  &    about   it. 

P.  553. II.  t.,  Worcester   co.    Mass. 

P.  2,472. III.  t..  Orange  co.  Vt.,  has 

an  inexhaustible  bed  of  marl.     1  acad. 

P.   1,789. IV.  t.,  Morgan  co.  0.,  in 

the  N.  part  of  the  county.    P.  1,426. 

V.  v.,  Stark  co.  0. — ^VI.  t.,  Milwaukie 

CO.   Mich. VII.   Fairfield  co.   Conn., 

watered   by  the  Housatonic.      P.  1,488. 

• VIII.  p-t.,  Madison  co.  N.  Y.,  on  the 

Unadilla  r.  &  its  tributaries.  Soil  cal- 
careous loam.   P.  3,695. IX.  Tioga  co. 

Peon.     P.  431. ^X.  p-t.,  Trumbull  co. 

0.,  on  the  Penn.  line.     P.  1,302. 

Brookhaven,  t.,  Suffolk  co.  Long 
Island,  N.  Y.  It  has  several  good  har- 
bors on  Long  I.  sound.  South  Bay 
which  borders  this  town  on  the  S.,  affords 
fish,  clams  &  oysters.     P.  8,595. 

Brookline,  t.,  Windham  co.  Vt.  A 
deep  valley  runs  through  this  town, 
coursed  by  a  br.  of  West  river. II.  t., 


Hillsboro'  co.  N.H.    It  lies  on  the  S.  side 
of  the  state,  &  is  watered  by  a  br.  of 

Nashua  r.     P.  652. III.   t.,  Norfolk 

CO.  Mass. 

Brooklyn,  city,  &  cap.  of  Kings  co. 
N.Y.,  situated  on  W.  end  of  Long  Island, 
opposite  New  York.  The  2d  place  in 
population  in  the  state,  separated  from 
New  York  by  the  East  Kiver,  an  arm  of 
the  sea  |  of  a  mile  wide.  The  ground 
on  which  the  city  is  built  elevated  &  un- 
even. It  is  regularly  laid  out.  The 
streets  are  generally  straight,  60  feet . 
wide  &  cross  at  right  angles.  Brooklyn 
has  a  beautiful  situation,  good  air,  &  is 
a  favorite  place  of  residence.  It  is  con- 
nected with  New  York  by  5  steam  ferries. 
Brooklyn  is  divided  into  12  wards,  &  is 
governed  by  a  mayor  &  comm.  council. 
It  has  a  magnificent  city  hall  of  white 
marble.  From  the  number  uf  its  churches, 
it  is  sometimes  called  the  City  of  Churches. 
It  has  several  banks  &  insurance  com- 
panies, 3  newsps.,  about  20  acads.  Cap. 
in  manufacs.  about  $1,500,000.  The 
U.  S.  navy  yard  is  in  this  city  on  Walla- 
bout  bay.  It  covers  40  acres  of  ground, 
&  on  the  land  side  is  enclosed  by  a  brick 
wall.  The  naval  hospital  occupies  a 
commanding  eminence  half  a  mile  E.  of 
the  navy  yard,  &  is  surrounded  by  33 
acres  of  cultivated  ground  also  enclosed 
by  a  brick  wall.  Greenwood  cemetery,  in 
the  S.  part  of  Brooklyn  has  200  acres  of 
land  of  a  beautiful  variety  of  surface. 
The  Atlantic  dock,  within  Red  Hook 
Point,  which  will  contain  42|  acres,  & 
the  outside  pier  of  which  will  extend 
3,000  feet  fronting  on  Buttermilk  chan- 
nel. At  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary 
war,  there  were  but  56  houses  in  Brook- 
lyn. Near  the  navy  yard,  at  the  Walla- 
bcut,  are  interred  the  remains  of  11,000 
Americans,  who  perished  in  the  British 
prison   ships   moored   in   the   bay.       P. 

96,850. II.    t,    cap.    Windham    co. 

Conn.,  watered  by  Quinnebaugr.&  Black- 
well's   stream.      P.    1,488. III.   p-t., 

Susquehanna  co.   Penn.,  on  Martin's  cr. 

P.  1,474. IV.  p-t.,  Cuyahoga  co.  0. 

Ohio   city  was  formerlv   a  part  of  this 
town.     1  acad.     P.  1,409. 

Brookneal,  p-v.,  Campbell  co.  Va. 

Brooks,  t.,Waldo  co.  Me.     P.  910. 

Brookville,  t.,  Hancock  co.  Me.,  on 
E.  side  of  Penobscot  bay.  It  has  navi- 
gable water  on  three  sides.   P.  1,246. 

II.  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.  Penn.     Contains  a 

brick  court-house  &  ofl&ces. III.  p-v., 

cap.  Franklin  co.  la. 

Broome,  county,  N.  Y.,  in  the  S.  part 
of  the  state,  soil  adapted  to  grazing,  wa- 


134 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bru 


tered  by  SusqLuehanna,  Chenango,  & 
Tonghnioga  rs.  It  lias  a  large  lumber 
traile,  &a.  Consid.  manufacs.  of  cloth  & 
leather,  150  saw-mills.    P.  30,660.    Cap. 

Binghamton. II.    t.,     Sebohaiie    co. 

N.  Y.,  drained  by  Schoharie  &  Catskill  crs. 
P.  2,404. 

Broons,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Cotes- 
du-Nord.  P.  2,502.  Duguesclin  was  born 
in  the  castle  of  La  Motte  Broons,  1  m. 
from  the  town,  on  the  site  of  which  a  mont. 
has  been  erected  to  his  memory. 

Broos,  a  town  of  Transylvania,  Saxon- 
land,  with  a  pop.  of  3,500. 

Broquies,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Avey- 
ron.    P.  3,676. 

Broque  (La),  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Vosges,  arrond.  St.  Die.     P.  1,350. 

Brora,  a  riv.  of  Scotl.,  co.  Sutherland; 
after  a  S.E.  course  through  sev.  lakes, 
enters  the  Moray  firth. 

Brothers  Valley,  t.,  Somerset  co. 
Pa.    P.  1,548. 

Brothers  (The),  a  group  of  6  or  8  rocky 
islets,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Fied  sea,  off 
the  African  shore. 

Brotterode,  a  town  of  Germany,  Hes- 
sen-Cassel,  prov.  Fulda.     P.  2,359. 

Bhou,  a  t.  of  France,  dep.  Eure-et- 
Loire,  on  the  Ozanne.     P.  2,047. 

Brough,  a  town  of  Engl.,  eo.  "West- 
moreland. 

Broughty  Ferry,  a  vill.  of  Scotl.,  co. 
Forfar,  on  the  firth  of  Tay,  immediately 
opposite  Ferrj'-port-on-Craig,  with  which 
"'  it  has  frequent  communicatidn  by  a  float- 
ing bridge  in  connection  with  the  Aber- 
deen railway. 

Brouwershaven,  a  small  marit.  town 
of  the  Netherl'iis,  prov.  Zeeland,  on  the 
isl.  Schowen.     P.  1,092. 

Brown,  co.,  0.,  in  the  S.W.  part  of 
the  state,  on  the  Ohio  r.  It  has  Eagle, 
Eed-oak,  Straight  &  White-oak  cr.  Sur- 
face diversified,  soil  generally  good.     P. 

27,332.   Cap.  Georgetown. II.  county, 

111.,  in  the  W.  part  of  the  state,  on  Illi- 
nois r.  &  Crooked  cr.  Surface  undulat- 
ing, soil  fertile.     P.  7,198.     Cap.  Mount 

Sterling. III.  county,  la.,  central  in 

tbe  S.  part  of  the  state.  Drained  by  salt 
cr. ;  surface  hilly;  soil  fertile.    P.  4,846. 

Cap.  Nashville. IV.  county,  Wis.,  lies 

an  both  sides  of  Green  bay.  Surface 
various ;  soil  good  but  wet,  &   cold.     P. 

6,212. V-  t,  Lycoming  CO.  Pa.— VI. 

t.,   MitBin  co.   Pa. Vll.  t.,   Hancock 

CO.  la. VIII.  "t.,  AVashington  co.  la. 

P.    1,451. IX.  t.,   Athens  co.  0.,   on 

Eacoon  cr. X.   t.,  Carroll  eo.   0.,  on 

Sandy  cr.    P.  2,165. XI.  t,  Delaware 

CO.  O!,  on  Alum  cr. XII.  Franklin  co. 


0. XIII.  t.,  Knox  CO.  0.,  on  Yellow 

cr.     P.  1,210. XIV.  t.,  Miami  co.  0., 

drained  by  branches  of  Miami  r. 

Brownfield,  t.,  Oxford  co.  Me.,  on  the 
Saco  r.     2  acad.     P.  1,238. 

Brownhelm,  t.,  Lorain  co.  0.,  watered 
by  Vermilion  r.   ,P.  934. 

Brownington,  t.,  Orleans  co.  V^t. 
Watered  by  a  br.  of  Boston  r. 

Brownsburg,  p-v.,  Rockbridge  CO.  Va. 

Brownsea,  or  Branksea  Island, 
Engl.,  CO.  Dorset. 

Brownstown,  p-t.,"  Wayne  co.  Mich. 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Huron  r.  P.  793. 
II.  p-v.,  capital  of  Jackson,  la. 

Bbownsvllle,  t.,   Piscatiquis  eo.  Me., 

on  a  br.  of  Piscatiquis  r.    P.  568. II. 

p-v.,  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  AVatered  by 
Black  &  Perch  rivs.  Manufac.  of  cotton 
goods,  satinets,  machinery  &  whitelead. 
Several  foundries.  P.  4,282.— — III.  p-v., 
Fayette  co.  Penn.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Monongahela  r.  The  National  Road 
which  passes  through  the  place  forms  its 

principal  street.     P.  1,362. IV.  p-v.. 

Licking  co.  0.,  also  on  the  National  Road. 

V.  cap.  Edmondson  co.  Ky.,  on  the 

S.  side  of    Green    r. VI.    p-v.,  cap. 

Jackson  co.  111.,  on  the  N.  side  of  Big 
Muddy  r. 

Brozas,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Cace- 
res.     P.  3,711. 

Bruay,  a  small  riv.  of  Scotl.,  co.  Perth. 

Bruar,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Nord. 
P.  1,506. 

Bruca  (La),  a  marit.  town  of  Sicily, 
intend.  Cataniti. 

Bruce,  p-t..  Macomb  CO.  Mich.  P. 1,128. 

Bruchsal,  a  town  of  W.  Germany,  Gd. 
Duchy  Baden,  circ.  Middle-Rhine,  on  the 
Salzbach.  P.  7,386.  It  is  well  built,  & 
has  a  fine  palace,  the  former  resid-  of  the 
prince-bp.  of  Spires,  a  town-ho.,  gymna- 
sium, milit.  hospital,  barracks,  &  a  paper 
mill.     Its  princip.  trade  is  in  wine. 

Bruck,  "bridge,"  the  name  of  many 

small  towns   in  Germany. -I.  Lower 

Austria,  on  the  Leitha.  P.  2,834.  It  has 
botanic  gardens,  &  manufs.  of  spinning- 
jennies,  &  gold  wire. II.  Styi-ia,  cap. 

circ,  at  the  confl.  of  the  Mur  &  Miirz. 
P.  1,500.     It  has  manufs.  of  iron  wares, 

&  an  active  transit  trade. III.  Pru.ssia, 

prov.    Brandenburg.      P.    1,265. IV. 

Kloster-Bruch,  a  vill.  of  Moravia,  circ. 
Znaim,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Tnja. V.  Bava- 
ria, eirc.  Mi'ld.  Franconia,  on  the  Regnitz. 
P.  1,173.  There  are  numerous  vills.  of 
same  name  in  the  different  states  of 
Germany. 

Bhuckenau,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ. 
Lower  Franconia,  on  the  Sinn.  P.  1,403. 


Bliu] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


135 


Bruel,  a  t.  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin. 
Elev.  88  feet  above  the  sea.     P.  1,491. 

Bruff,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  Limer- 
ick.    P.  1,398. 

Bruges,  a  city  of  Belgium,  cap.  prov. 
W.  Flanders.  P.  50,272.  Bruges  is  one 
of  the  most  flourishing  commercial  cities 
in  the  kingdom.  It  owes  its  name  to  the 
number  of  its  bridges  (upwards  of  50) 
which  cross  its  canals,  &  is  remarkable 
for  the  nrany  fine  gothic  buildings  which 
it  contains.  Most  of  these  da,te  from  the 
14th  cent.,  &  are  rich]5''  decorated  with 
sculpture  &  paintings.  It  has  a  tribunal 
of  commerce,  espiscopal  college,  theolo- 
gical seminary,  school  of  surgery,  acade- 
my of  painting  &  sculpture,  a  public  li- 
brary, schools  for  blind,  &  deaf  &  dumb. 
Ghf.  industry  the  manuf.  of  lace.  Bruges 
has  numrs.  distilleries,  breweries,  tanne- 
ries, dye-works,  sugar  &  salt  refineries,  & 
ship-building  yards.  Principal  exports 
lace  &  other  manuf.  goods,  grain,  &  cattle. 
Imports  wool,   cotton,   dye-woods,  wine, 

&c.- II.    a   town   of  France,  dep.   B. 

Pyrenees,  arrond.  Pau.     P.  1,894. 

Brugnato,  a  small  anc.  town  of  Sar- 
dinia, prov.  Levante,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Vara. 
P.  600. 

Bruguiere  (La),  a  town  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn.     P.  1,355. 

Bruhl,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  reg. 
circ.,  on  the  railw.  to  Bonn.     P.  2,020. 

Bruille,  St.  Am  and,  a  vill.  of  France, 
dep.Nord,  arrond.  Valenciennes.  P.  2,021. 

Bhulon,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Sarthe. 
P.  1,526. 

Brumath,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Bas- 
Rhin,  cap.  cant. ;  on  1.  b.  of  the  Zorn.  P. 
3,701. 

Brundel,  a  vill.  of  Bohemia,  circ. 
Budweis,  with  mineral  baths. 

Bhuneck,  a  town  of  Austria,  Tyrol, 
cap.  circ,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Rienz.  P.  1,471. 

Brune  Island,  a  long  &  irreg.  isl.  of 
Tasmania,  dist.  Hobart  Town. 

Bruniquel,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Taru-et-Garonne.  P.  1,861.  It  has  a 
ruined  castle  &  extensive  iron-works. 

Brijnn,  a  city  of  the  Austrian  empire, 
cap.  gov.  of  Moravia  &  Silesia,  &  of  a 
circ.  of  same  name,  on  a  declivity  at  the 
confl.  of  the  Schwarza  &  the  Zwitta.  P. 
44,000.  Streets  narrow  &  crooked,  but 
well  paved  &  lighted.  Briinn  has  nume- 
rous fine  buildings.  It  is  the  seat  of  the 
chf.  legal  &  milit.  courts  &  authorities  for 
Moravia  &  Austr. -Silesia.  It  has  a  phil- 
osophical institute,  a  royal  gymnasium, 
a  valuable  museum,  botanic  garden,  pub- 
lic library,  &  a  great  number  of  educa- 
tional &  charit.  establs.    Its  mauufs.  of 


woollen  goods  are  the  most  extensive  in 
the  Austr.  dom. ;  cotton  goods,  silk,  glass, 
soap,  tobacco,  &  machinery  are  also  ex- 
tensively manufd. ;  &  its  tanneries  & 
leather  factories  are  the  most  important 
in  the  empire ;  the  city  is  the  centre  of  a 
large  trade. 

Brunn-am-Gebirge,  a  town  of  Lower 
Austria,  circ.  Vienna.   ,P.  1,630. 

Brunsbijttel,  a  marit.  town  of  Den- 
mark, duchy  Holstein,  on  r.  b.  of  the 
Elbe.     P.  1,200. 

Brunshal'sen,  a  vill.  of  Hanover,  on 
1.  b.  of  the  Elbe,  with  a  small  port. 

BrunsTatt,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  H. 
Rhin.     P.  1,544. 

Brunswick,  county,  Va.,  in  the  S.  part 
of  the  state,  drained  by  the  Roanoke  & 
its  branches.   P.  13,894.    Cap.  Lawrence- 

ville. II.  county,  N.  C,  in  the  S.  part 

of  the  state,  on  Cape  Clear  riv.,  &  on  the 
Atlantic  ocean.  Surface  flat  &  marshy. 
Soil   poor.     P.  7,272.     Cap.   Smithville. 

III.  t.,  Cumberland  co.  Me.,  on  the 

S.  side  of  the  Androscoggin  riv.,  at  the 
lower  falls.  A  great  amount  of  lumber 
comes  down  the  Androscoggin.    Bowdoin 

college  is  located  here. IV.  t.,  Essex 

CO.  Vt.,  on  Connecticut  r V.  t.,  Ren- 

selaer  co.  N.  Y.     P.  3,051. VI.  port 

of  entry  &  cap.  Glynn  co.  Ga.,  on  Turtle 
riv.  It  has  a  fine  harbor,  with  13  ft.  of 
water  on  the  bar,  at  the  lowest  tides.    P. 

1,444. VII.  p-t.,  Medina  co.  0.      P. 

1,110. VIII.  p-v.,  Charlton  co.  Mo., 

on  N.  bank  of  the  Mo. IX.  Duchy  of, 

a  state,  of  N.'  Germany.  P.  268,943. 
Besides  this,  the  reigning  duke  possesses 
the  princip.  of  Oels  in  Silesia.  The  state 
is  composed  of  3  large  &  6  small  isolated 
&  irregular  portions  of  territory.  The 
whole  territory  has  an  area  of  1,526  sq. 
m.  The  country  is  mntnous.  in  the 
two  S.  portions ;  the  Worm-Berg,  3,230 
ft.  in  elev.,  is  the  highest  point  in  the 
duchy.  It  is  not  abundantly  watered ; 
there  are  several  small  lakes  in  the  Harz, 
&  mineral  springs  at  Helmstadt&  Seesen. 
Agriculture  is  the  chief  source  of  the 
wealth  of  the  duchy.  Timber  forms  a 
considerable  article  of  export.  Mining  is 
extensively  carried  on  in  the  Harz  mntns.; 
its  chf.  products  are  gold,  silver,  lead, 
litharge,  copper,  sulphur,  vitriol,  &  alum. 
The  iron-works  employ  9  smelting-houses 
&  10  furnaces  ;  marble  &  alabaster  are 
also  procured.  The  manufs.  of  Bruns- 
wick are  not  important.     The  library  of 

Wolfenblittel  is  celeb. X.  a  city  of  N. 

Germany,  cap.  of  the  duchy  of  Brunswick, 
on  the  Ocker.  P.  42,000.  It  is  in  gene- 
ral   old-fashioned,  but  has    many  new 


136 


CrCLOP.EDlA    OF    GKOGUAPUV. 


[bub 


streets.  Chf.  edifices,  the  new  palace,  a 
handsome  edifice,  with  fine  parks,  bijora- 
house,  mint,  armory,  with  a  museum  & 
picture-gallery,  college,  12  churches ; 
Several  fountains  &  monuments,  one  of 
which,  60  ft.  high,  comniemor.ites  the  late 
dulie  who  was  killed  at  Quatre-Bras. 
Brunswick  has  many  educational  &  char- 
itable institutions,  a  considerable  trade, 
&  manufs.  of  woollen  cloths,  lacquered 
wares,  &o. 

Brusa,  aclty  of  Asia-Minor,  Anatolia, 
cap.  sanj.,  at  the  N.  foot  of  Mt.  Olympus. 
P.  60,000.  It  is  beautifully  situated  on 
a  declivity,  in  a  very  fertile  neighborhood, 
&  has  a  magnif.  external  appearance, 
with  numerous  minarets.  Its  houses  are 
built  mostly  of  earth  or  wood,  &  its 
streets  narrow.  It  has  between  200  & 
300  mosques,  some  very  handsome  ;  large 
bazaars,  numerous  khans  &  colleges,  sev. 
churches  &  synagogues,  Armenian  & 
other  schools,  &  extensive  suburbs.  Its 
mineral  baths  have  been  famous  in  all 
ages.  Brusa  is  one  of  the  most  flourish- 
ing commerc.  emporiums  in  the  Turkish 
dom.     Its  princip.  trade  is  in  raw  silk. 

Brtjsau,  a  town,  Moraviaj  circ.  &  31 
m.  W.N.W.  Olmiitz,  on  the  frontier  of 
Bohemia.  P.  750.  Celebrated  for  its 
fine  flour  called  Briisauer  Mehl. 

Beush  Creek,    t.,    Highland   co.   0., 

drained  by  Brush  creek.     P.  1,502. 

II.  t.,  Jefferson  co.  0. III.  t.,  Mus- 
kingum CO.  0.  It  has  several  salt  facto- 
ries.    P.  1,606. IV.  t.,  S6ioto  CO.  0. 

V.  t.,  Washington  co.  Ark. 

Brusqe,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Avey- 
ron.     P.  1,200. 

Brussels,  a  city,  &  cap.  of  the  king- 
dom of  Belgium,  is  situated  on  the  Senne. 
It  is  remarkable  for  the  number  & 
richness  of  its  anc.  buildings,  as  well  as 
for  the  beauty  of  its  modern  quarter.  It 
is  well  supplied  with  water  &  has  many 
noble  fountains.  Its  principal  squares 
are  the  Place  Royale,  Place  de  la  Mon- 
naie,  Place  des  Martyrs,  &  the  Grand 
Place.  Brussels  has  numerous  &  excel- 
lent estab.  of  public  instruction,  among 
which  are  a  free  university,  a  normal 
school,  a  polytechnic  school.,  &  an  acad. 
of  painting  &  sculpture.  It  has  also  fine 
observatories,  astronomical  &  magnet.,  & 
large  libraries.  Here  is  the  seat  of  the 
principal  banks,  of  the  only  mint  in  the 
kingdom.  Brussels  is  celeb,  for  its  man- 
ufactures, especially  for  its  lace,  which  is 
the  finest  in  the  world.  This  city  is  very 
ancient,  dating  from  the  7th  cent.  P. 
117,462. 

Brussow,  a  town  of  Prussia.  P.  1,000. 


Bruton  t ,  of  Eng.  co.  of  Somerset. 

Brutus,  t.,  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  Gyp- 
sum &.  lime-stone  are  found  here.  The 
Erie  canal  passes  through  the  place.  P. 
2,044. 

Brux,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circ.  Saaz,  on 
the  Bila.  P.  3,064  It  has  a  high  school, 
&  a  philosophical  institute,  coal  mines  & 
manufs.  of  salts  from  seidlitz  waters. 
The  celeb,  mineral  spring  of  Seidlitz  is 
in  its  vicinity. 

Bruyeres,  a  comm.  &  town  cf  France, 

dep.    Vosges.     P.     2,276. II.    {Sous 

Laori)  a  comm.  &  town,  dep.  Aisne.  P. 
of  comm.  1,168. 

Bruz,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Ille-et-Vilaiue.  P.  2,280.  Near  this  the 
argentiferous  lead  mine  of  Pont-  Pean 
was  opened  1730,  &  abandoned  1797. 

Bryan,  county,  Ga.,  in  the  S.E.  part 
of  the  state,  on  the  Atlantic  ;  watered  by 
Ogeedchee  &  Cannouehee  rs.  P.  3,424. 
II.  t.,  capital  of  Williams  co.,  0. 

Brymbo,  a  tnshp.  of  N.  Wales,  co.  Den- 
bigh. P.  1,217,  empld.  in  extens.  iron 
works. 

Brzesc,  a  town  of  Poland,  gov.  AVar- 
saw,  on  an  affl.  of  the  Vistula.     P.  1,290, 

engaged  in  woollen  &  linen  weaving. 

II.  (B.  Litewski),  a  fortf.  t.  of  Russia, 
gov.  Grodno,  cap.  circ,  &  formerly  the 
cap  of  Lithuania,  on  the  Bug.  P.  8,000. 
It  has  a  famous  Jewish  synagogue. 

Brzesnica,  a  town  of  Poland,  prov. 
Kaliscz.     P.  970. 

Brzesnitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circ. 
Prachin.     P.  2,016. 

Brzezany,  a  town  of  Austr.  Galieia, 
cap.  circ,  on  the  Zlota-Lipa.  P.  6,899. 
It  has  a  castle,  gymnasium,  &  manufs. 
of  leather,  sail  cloth,  &  linen  fabrics. 
Brzezeny  is  a  vill.  of  Poland. 

Brzezyn,  a  town  of  Poland,  gov.  War- 
saw.    P.  3,167. 

Brzozov,  a  town  of  Austr.  Galieia, 
circ.  Sanok.  P.  2,367.  Manuf.  of  cloth. 
.  Bu,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
E'ure-et-Loir.     P.  1,519. 

BuA,  an  isl.  of  Dalmatia,  circ.  Spala- 
tro,  in  the  Adriatic,  immed.  opposite  the 
town  of  Trau,  with  which  it  is  connected 
by  a  bridge.  P.  4,000.  It  produces 
dates,  wine,  olives,  &  asphaltum. 

Buache,  an  isl.  of  W.  Australia,  co. 
Perth,  in  the  Indian  ocean. 

BuAGiE,  a  Sikh  state  of  N.W.  India, 
under  Brit,  protection.     P.  25,000. 

BuARcos,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov. 
Beira. 

BuBASTis,  a  ruined  city  of  Lr.  Egypt, 
the  remains  situated  on  an  arm  of  the 
Nile,  at  its  delta,  comprise  some  extensive 


BUC] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


137 


mounds,  with    the  ruins   of  temples   of 
Mercury  &  Pasht. 

BuBENDORF,  a  vill.  of  Switzerl.,  cant. 
Bale-Campagne,  with  maiiuf:*.  of  ribbons. 
P.  1, 193.  It  its  vicinity  are  saline  sprinjjs. 
The  baths,  built  1764,  have  been  recently 
eiubellisbed. 

BuBLiTZ,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov. 
Pomerania,  circ.  Fiirstenthum.    P.  2,920. 

BuBROOAH,  a  town  of  Hindostan. 

BuBRY,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Morbihan.     P.  3,611. 

Buccaneer-Archipelago,  a  group 
of  isls.  in  the  Indian  ocean,  near  the  N.W. 
coast  of  Australia. 

BuccARi,  a  free  royal  seaport  town  of 
Austria,  Croatia,  on  an  inlet  of  the  gulf 
of  Quarnero  (Adriatic).  P.  2,200.  It  has 
a  gcioJ  harb. 

I3uccHiANico,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Abruzzo  Cit.  P.  3,720".  Excellent  wine 
is  produced  in  its  vicinity. 

BucciNO,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  prin- 
cip.  Citra,  on  the  Botta,  here  crossed  by 
a  Koman  bridge.  P.  5,460.  In  its  vicin. 
are  quarries  of  fine  marble. 

BucELLAs,  a  vill.  of  Portug.  Bstrema- 
dura,  which  gives  its  name  to  a  white 
wine  raised  in  its  vicinity. 

BucH,  an  old  dist.  of  France,  in  the 
Bordelais,  cap.  La.  Teste-de-Buch. 

Buchanan,  county,  Missouri,  in  the 
N.W.  part  of  the  state,  on  the  Missoim 
r.,  &  with  the  Little  Platte  passing  through 
its  centre.  Prod.  Ind.  corn,  tohacco,  & 
sugar;  numerous  swine  are  raised ;  iu- 
onsid.  manufac.  P.  12,975.  Gap.  Spar- 
ta.  II.  a  CO.  of  Iowa.  P.  517. III. 

v.,  Botetourt  CO.  V.,  on  James  r.— — IV.  t., 
Berrien  co.  Mich.  i. 

BucHAN-NEss,  the  most  E.  headland 
of  Scotl.,  CO.  Aberdeen,  old  dist.  of  Bu- 
chan. 

Bucharest,  a  city  of  S.B.  Europe,  cap. 
of  Wallachia,  seat  of  the  gov.  &  of  an 
archbishop.,  situated  in  a  swampy  plain 
on  the  Dimbovetza.  P.  60,788.  It  has 
a  college,  which  in  1837  had  456  pupils ; 
it  has  also  a  museum  with  a  public  li- 
brary, &  a  central  metropolitan  seminary, 
both  founded  1836,  &  65  other  schools, 
attended  by  1,513  pupils.  Bucharest  is 
he  entrepot  for  the  commerce  between 
Austria  &  Turkey  ;  its  chief  trade  is  in 
grain,  building  timber,  wool,  salt,  &  wax. 

Buchau,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circ.  El- 
bogen-     P.    1,235.      In   its   vicinity   are 

manufs.   of    porcelain. TI.    Wiirtem- 

berg,  circ.  Danube.     P.  1,830. 

BucHBERG,  a  town  of  lower  Austria, 
circ.  Vienna,,  at  the  foot  of  the   Schnee-  i 


BucHEN,  a  town  of  Baden,  circ.  Lower 
Rhine,  with  manuf.  of  cloth,  &  tanneries. 
P.  2,400.— — II.  a  vill.  &  post  station  of 
Denmark. 

BucHHOLZ,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circ. 
Zwickau,   on   the   Lehm.     P.   2.478.     it 

has    manuf.   of    ribbons    &   lace. II. 

(Fi-anzosisch),  a  vill.  of  Prussia,  reg. 
Potsdaui.      P.  440,  a   colony  of  French 

emigrants.- III.  {Wendisch),   a  town 

on  the  Dehme,  rcg.  Potsdam.  P.  1,000. 
— Also  several  villages  in  Germany. 

BucHOLwiTZ,  a  town  of  Austria,  Mo- 
ravia, circ.  Hradisch.  P.  1,890.  In  its 
environs  are  sulphur  springs  &  baths. 

BucQuoY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Pas  de  Calais.     P.  1,561. 

BuczAcz,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
circ.  Stanislawow,  on  the  Stry,  with  a 
convent  &  gymnasium.     P.  2,300. 

Buck,  t.,  Luzerne  co.  Pa. 

BiJcKEBuRG,  a  town  of  N.  Germany, 
on  the  Aue,  an  affl.  of  the  Weser.  It  is 
well  built,  hS'S  5  gates,  a  castle  &  park, 
gymnasium,  a  normal  school,  &  a  public 
library.  In  the  vicinity  is  the  summer 
palace  of  Baum. 

BiJcKEN,  a  town  of  N.  Germany, 
Hanover.     P.  1,105. 

BucKFiELD,  town,  Oxford  co.  Me., 
watered  by  a  br.  of  the  Androscoggin. 
P.  1,629. 

BucKHAvEN,  a  fishing  vill.  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Fife,  pa.  \Vemyss,  on  the  firth  of 
Forth.     P.  1,526,  nearly  all  fishermen. 

'  Buckingham,  t.,  Wayne  co.  Pa. 

II.  t.,  Bucks  CO.  Pa.,  inhabitants  mostly 

Quakers. III.    countj',    Va.,    in   the 

lower  central  part  of  the  state  on  J  ames 
r.  Chief  prod,  wheat,  Ind.  corn,  oats, 
cotton,  &  an  immense  amount  of  tobacco. 

P.  13,837.     Cap.  Maysville. IV.  c.h., 

Buckingham   co.    Va. ^V.  mkt.  town 

of  Engl.,  CO.  Bucks,  on  the  Ouse. 

BucKiNGHAM.sHiRE,  an  inland  co  of 
England.  P.  143,670.  Timber,  espe- 
cially beech,  is  plentiful.  The  sheep  of 
the  vale  of  Aylesbury  are  noted  for  the 
weight  &  fineness  of  their  fleeces.  The 
CO.  supplies  large  quantities  of  butter^ 
cattle,  lambs,  poultry,  &c.,  to  the  London 
mkts.  Princip.  manufs.  are  of  paper, 
straw-plait,  &  thread  lace.  ' 

BucKLAND,  t.,  Franklin  co.  Mass.,  on 

Deerfield  r.    P.  1,084. II.  p-v..  Prince 

William  co.  Va.  An  elevated  &  roman- 
tic place. 

BucKOw,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the 
Stebberow.     P.  1,336. 

BucKOv^r  (Neu),  a  town  of  Mecklen- 
burg, near  the  Baltic.     P.  1,468. 

BucKLAND  Island,  N.  Pacific  ocean. 


138 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bue 


Bucks  county,  Pa.,  in  the  S.E.  part 
of  the  state,  on  the  Delaware  r.  It  is 
also  drained  by  several  crs.  Surface  di- 
versified ;  soil  various,  but  highly  culti- 
vated. Plumbago  or  black  lead  is  found 
in  this  CO.  The  common  agricultural 
fruits  produced  in  large  quantities.  Con- 
sid.  amount  of  silk  cocoons.  Large  num. 
of  saw  m.  Some  manufac.  of  woollen  & 
cotton  goods,  &  leather  &  earthenware. 

P.  56,091.      Cap.  Doylestown. II.  t., 

Tuscarawas  co.  0.     P.  1,547. III.  t., 

St.  Josephs  CO.  Mich.,  on  St.  Joseph's  r. 
P.  787. 

BucKSPORT,  t.,  Hancock  co.  Me.,  on 
the  E.  side  of  Penobscot  r.  Consid.  ship- 
ping. The  harbor  has  sufficient  depth 
for  vessels  of  the  largest  class.  Lumber 
trade  extensive.     P.  3,381. 

BucYRUs,  town,  capital  of  Crawford 
CO.  Ohio,  oh  the  Sandusky  river.  P. 
1,634. 

BuczAsz,  a  town  of  Austr.-Poland, 
Galicia,  on  the  Sereth,  an  affluent  of  the 
Dniester.     P.  2,200. 

Bud  A,  a  free  city  of  the  Austrian  Emp  , 
cap.  of  the  kgdui.  of  Hungary,  on  rt.  b. 
of  the  Danube,  opposite  Pesth,  with 
which  city  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge  of 
boats,  the  largest  in  Europe,  &  by  a 
chain-bridge.  P.  31,245.  The  city  is 
situated  on  the  slope  of  a  hill,  in  the 
ftirm  of  an  amphitheatre;  in  its  centre  is 
the  citadel,  an  old  firlress  enclosing  the 
royal  palace,  in  which  are  preserved  the 
insignia  of  Hungarian  ro3'alty,  &  the 
buildings  of  the  central  administration. 
It  has  an  observ.  on  the  summit  of  the 
Blocksberg,  one  of  the  finest  &  best  fur- 
nished in  Europe,  in  connection  with  the 
univer.  of  Pesth.  An  extens.  type- 
foundry^  a  gymnasium,  &  sev.  libraries. 
Connected  with  the  arsenal  is  a  cannon 
foundry  &  powder  manuf.  An  extens. 
commerce  in  wine.  Buda  has  an  excel- 
lent estab.  of  baths  in  connection  with 
the  hot  sulphur  springs.  The  city  is 
very  ane.  &  was  occupied  by  the  Romans 
till  the  4th  cent.  It  was  taken  by  Soli- 
man  the  magnificent  in  1526,  &  retaken 
byFerdinandl.  king  of  Bohemia,  in  1527; 
it  was  again  taken  by  Soiiman  in  1529, 
&  occupied  by  the  Turks  till  1686. 

Buda-Keszi,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co. 
Pesth.     P.  2,312. 

BuDAYOON,  a  town,  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Bengal. 

EuDDEEABAD,  a  strong  fort  of  Afghan- 
istan. 

BuDDHA-GrAYA,  a  widely  spread  col- 
lection of  ruins  in  British-India,  presid 
Bengal. 


BuDDRUCK,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

BiJDERicH,  or  Blucher,  a  walled  town 
of  Ehenish  Prussia,  reg.  Cleves,  on  1.  b. 
of  the  Khine,  opp.  Wesel.     P.  1,180. 

BiJDESHEiM,  a  vill.  of  Hessen-Darm- 
stadt,  prov.  Rhine. 

BuDGEBUDGE,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

BuDiN,  a  town  of  Austria,  Bohemia, 
circ.  Leitmeritz.     P.  1,200. 

BuDiNGEN,  a  town  of  Germany,  II.- 
Darmstadt,  prov.  Upp.  Hessen.  P.  2,750. 
It  has  2  castles,  '&  manufacs.  of  linens, 
hosiery,  &  needles.  Near  it  are  salt 
springs. 

Budos-Hegy,  a  mntn.  of  Transylva- 
nia, near  its  E.  border.  P.  7.340.  It  is 
remarkable  for  extensive  sulphur  springs 
&  caverns,  which  emit  sulphuric  exhala- 
tions. 

Budrawar,  a  town,  Punjab,  IST-W.  In- 
dia, near  riv.  Chenaub.  P.  2,000,  many 
of  whom  are  Cashmere-shawl  weavers. 
Elev.  5,000  ft.  \ 

BuDRio,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Italy, 
Poiitif.  sta.     P.  of  comm.  5,960. 

BuDUA,  the  most  S.  town  of  the  Austr. 
Emp.,  Dalmatia,  circ.  Cattaro,  on  a  pe- 
nins.  in  the  Adriatic. 

BuDWEis,  a  town-  of  Boheipia,  cap*. 
circ.  on  the  Maulda.  P.  8,730.  It  is 
well-buitt,  has  a  handsome  council-ho.,  a 
cathed.,  sev.  other  churches,  a  gymna- 
sium, philosophical  acad.,  &  a  high- 
school,  with  flourishing  manufs.  of  woollen 
cloths,  muslins,  damasks  &  saltpetre. 

BuDwiTZ,  a  town  of  Austr.,  Moravia, 
Briinn.  P.  1,995.  It  has  a  castle  & 
several  siviDurbs. 

BuECH,  a  riv.  of  France,  affl.  of  the 
Durance. 

Buenaventura,  a  marit.  vill.  of  N. 
Granada,  S.  Amer.,  dep.  Cauca,  cap. 
prov.  &  on  the  bay  of  Choco.  It  is 
wret<!hedly  built,  but  is  the  port  for  a 
considerable  extent  of  country. 

Buena-Vista,  a  town  of  Mexican  con- 
fed.,  dep.  Vera  Cruz,  32  m.  S.  Tampico. 
Here,  in  an  action,  on  the  22d  &  23d 
Feb.  1847,  the  Mexican  army  of  Santa 
Anna  was  repulsed  by  a  far  inferior  U. 
S.  force  under  Gen.  Taylor. 

BuEN  Ayre,  one  of  the  Dutch  W.  In- 
dia isls.,  ofl"  the  coast  of  Colombia.  L. 
20  ra.  Principal  products  cattle  &  salt. 
P.  1,955.  It  has  a  vill.  with  a  tolerable 
harbor. 

Buenos  Ayres,  a  country  of  S.  Amer- 
ica, &  the  most  important  of  the  Plata 
confed.  It  extends  from  the  Rio  Negro 
along  the  Atlantic  ocean  to  the  mouth 


buf] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


139 


of  the  Riode  la  Plata,  &  along  the  whole 
southern  shores  of  its  estuary,  &  the  S. 
banks  of  the  Parana,  as  far  as  tbe  Ar- 
royo del  Medio  river,  which  separates  it 
from  Santa  Fc.  The  W.  boundary  ex- 
tends from  the  mouth  of  the  Neposta  riv. 
in  a  N.E.  direction,  to  theW.  extremity 
of  the  Sierra  del  Vuloan.  Area,  75,000 
sq.  m.  P.  200,000.  (?)  N.  part  includes 
a  portion  of  the  eastern  Pampas,  &  is  fiat, 
with  lakes  &  swamps.  The  S.  part  com- 
prehends the  Sierra  delA'ulcan,  the  S.E. 
the  Sierra  Ventana.  Principal  rivs.  the 
Saldiina,  Salta,  Quequin.  Climate  of  N. 
part  mild,- — ice  seldom  oocurs ;  mean 
summer  heat  90°.  The  N.  winds  pre- 
vailing here  have  the  disagreeable  char- 
acter of  the  sirocco  of  Italy.  In  S.  dist. 
the  climate  is  colder,  but  healthy.  The 
soil  is  fertile  in  many  places,  but  there  is 
not  a  thousandth  part  under  cultivation. 
Cattle  &  their  produce  are  the  chief  sour- 
ces of  wealth.  Number  of  black  cattle 
on  pampas  said  to  exceed  1  mill.  Jlides, 
hair,  horns,  tallow,  &  jerked  beef  are  the 
e.Kports.  Horses,  mules,  &  asses  ai-e  also 
exported.  Buenos  Ayres  became  inde- 
pendent of  the  Spanish  government  in 
1810,  &  along  with  the  neighboring  states 
joined  in  a  confederated  republic  (the 
Argentine  or  La  Plata),  which  however 
was  not  long  kept  up,  &  now  each  state 
has  a  separate  &  independent  administra- 
tion. Rosas,  who  ruled  this  country  with 
an  iron  sway,  has  recently  been  over- 
thrown by  Gen.  Urquiza,  who  has  made 
himself  dictator. 

Buenos  Ayres,  the  cap.  city  of  the 
republic  of  same  name,  is  situated  on  the 
S.  side  of  the  Plata  estuary,  about  150 
in.  from  the.sea.  P.  81,000'  (?)  It  cov- 
ers a  surface  of  about  2  m.  in  length  by 
IJ  m.  in  greatest  breadth,  &  is  regularly 
laid  out,  all  its  streets  crossing  each  other 
at  right,  angles,  &  now  mostly  paved  with 
granite.  Almost  all  its  houses  are  but 
one  story  in  height,  fiat-roofed,  &  built 
around  court-yards.  It  is  ill  provided 
with  water,  which  is  wholly  brought  by 
carriers  from  the  river.  PrinciiJal  publ. 
edifices  are  its  churches,  most  of  which 
are,  however,  unfinished.  The  resid.  of 
the  dictator  &  the  government  offices  are 
in  a  fort  near  the  riv.  The  university 
occupies  an  extensive  building,  &  has  a 
•library  of  25,000  vols. ;  besides  which 
there  are  a  superior  academy,  a  military 
college,  various  public  schools,  several 
printing  establishments,  &  manufs.  of 
cigars,  carjiets,  furniture,  boots  &  shoes. 
The  navigation  of  the  Plata,  here  36  m. 
broad,  is  difficult ;  &  ships  drawing  16  ft. 


water  are  obliged  to  anchor  in  the  A^nar- 
radero,  a  roadstead  7  or  8  m.  distant. 
Trade  considerable  &  increasing.  The 
export  of  wool  &  corn  has  latterly  in- 
creased; that  of  Paraguay  tea  has  de- 
clined, with  the  progressive  increase  in 
the  import  of  tea  with  other  goods  from 
China.  Buenos  Aj-res  was  founded  in 
1534 ;  in  1776  it  became  the  seat  of  a 
vice-royalty.  In  1806  it  was  taken  by 
the  English,  but  it  was  re-taken  by  the 
Spaniards  in  the  same  year. 

Buffalo,  city  &  p-t.,  port  of  entry,  & 
capital  of  Erie  county,  N.  Y.,  lies  on  the 
outlet  of  L•^ke  Erie,  at  the  head  of  Nia- 
gara river,  <&  on  Buffalo  creek,  which 
constitutes  its  harbor,  288  m.  W.Albany, 
363  by  the  Erie  canal.  The  city  stands 
on  land  of  gentle  ascent.  Its  streets  are 
broad  &  regular,  &  it  has  3  publ.  squares. 
The  public  buildings  of  the  city  are  a 
court-house,  jail,  county  clerk's  office, 
markets,  &  churches  ;  banks,  an  orphan 
asylum,  &c.  Buffalo  is  well  situated  for 
commerce  with  Canada,  &  it  is  already 
the  great  depot  for  the  W.-ern  country. 
The  harbor  is  spacious  &  safe,  with  13  ft. 
water  a  mile  from  its  entrance  into  the 
lake.  A  pier,  constructed  of  wood  & 
stone,  extending  1,500  ft.  from  the  S.  side 
of  the  mouth  of  the  creek,  has  closed  the 
channel  of  the  cr.  by  confining  the  water, 
so  that  vessels  of  8  ft.  draught  can  pass 
freely.  Tonnage  4,360,313.  Buffalo  has 
several  railroads,  &  is  the  W.  terminus 
of  the  Erie  can^al.  P.  42,261.  The  city 
limits  comprise  614,467  acres.  The  total 
assessed  value  of  real  estate  in  1852  was 
$15,000.261 ;  of  personal  do.,  $1,801,205. 

II.  t.,  Armstrong  co.  Pa.     P.  1,820. 

■ III.  p-t.,  Washington  co.  Penn.     P. 

1,116. IV.   p-t.,  Guernsey  CO.  0.     P. 

1,627. V.  t..  Pike  CO.  Mo.     P.  2,174. 

VI.   v.,    cap.  Niangua  co.  Mo. 

VII.  t.,  Butler  co.  Penn.,  drained  by  sev- 
eral crs. VIII.  t.,    Perry  co.  Penn., 

on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  riv. 
P.  1,820.- IX.  t..  Union  co.  Penn. 

Buffalo-Bayou,  a  riv.  of  Texas,  U.S., 
N.  Amer.,  co.  Harrisburg,  after  an  E.- 
ward  course  of  about  70  m.  enters  the  bay 
of  Galveston.  Although  very  narrow,  it 
is  deep,  &  is  navig.  by  numerous  steam- 
ers. The  town  of  Houston  is  on  its  banks. 

Buffalo-Lake,  3  lakes  of  British  N. 
Amer.,  Hudson  Bay  territ. 

Buffalora,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Lom- 
bardy,  prov.,  remark,  for  the  magnificent 
bridge  of  12  arches  over  the  Tessin.  P. 
1,257.  -        ' 

Buffon,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  COte-d'Or.     Iron  foundries. 


140 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGilAPHV. 


[bul 


■■h: 


Bug  (or  Bog),  two  rivs.  of  Rus.  Poland. 
1,  forms  a  great  part  of  the  E.  fron- 
tier  of  Poland;    length  300  m. II. 

Russia,  govs.  Podolia  &  Kherson,  flows 
mostly  S.fl.,  &  enters  the  estuary  of  the 
Dnieper,  30  m.  W.  Kherson.  Total 
course  340  m.  AfSs.  the  Siuiuke,  Radima, 
&  Negal. 

E'JGA,  two  towns  of  S.  Amer.,  N.  Gra- 
nada, dep.  Cauoa,  prov.  Popayan. 

BuGARACH,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Aude,  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain  of 
same  name.     P.  1,027. 

BuGEY,  a  small  territory  of  France,  in 
the  old  prov.  of  Bourgogne. 

BuGGENHOUT,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Bel- 
gium, prov.  Flanders.     P.  3,424. 

BuGGiANESE  (Ponte),  a  vill.  of  Tus- 
cany, in  the  Val-di-Nievole.     P.  5,841. 

BuGGiANO,  a  tovvn  of  Tuscany,  in  the 
centre  of  the  Val  di  Nievole.     P.  1,677. 

BuGHAT,  a  Sikh  state,  India,  under 
British  protection,  between  the  Sutlej  & 
Jumna  rivs. 

BuGUE  (Le),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Dordogne,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Vezere.  P.  1,240.  It  is  the  entrepot  for 
the  wines  &  other  products  of  the  basin 
of  Vezere,  sent  to  Bordeaux.  In  its  vi- 
cinity is  the  grotto  of  Miremont. 

BuGuLMA,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Orenburg.  P.  2,000.  It  has  an  active 
trade  in  cotton  &  woollen  fabric.^,  &  two 
large  annual  fairs,  at  which  goods  to  the 
amount  of  2  million  rubles  are  often  sold. 

JiUHL,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Haut-Rhin.     P.  1,555. 

BiJHL,  a  market  town  of  W.  Germany, 
grand  duchy  of  Baden,  circ.  Middle  Rhine. 
P.  2,800.  It  has  manufs.  of  leather  & 
large  weekly  mkts.  This  is  the  name  of 
sev.  vills.  in  the  same  circ,  &  in  the 
Rhenish  deps.  of  France. 

BuHLER,  a  vill.  of  Switzcrl.,  cant.  Ap- 
penzell.     P.  1,162.     Manuf.  of  muslins. 

BuHULiEN.  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  COtes-du-Nord.     P.  1,024. 

BuiNSK,  a  town  of  Russia,  cnp.  circ, 
gov.,  Simbirsk,  on  the  Karla.     P.  1,300. 

BuiRO>fFOSSB,  a  oomni.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Aisne.  P.  1,465.  This  is 
the  centre  of  an  extensive  manuf.  of 
wooden  shoes. 

Buis  (Le),  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Drome.     P.  1,928. 

BuiTENSLUis,  a  town  of  the  Netherls., 
prov.  S.  Holland,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  branch 
of  the  iMeuse.     P.  2,265. 

BuiTENzORG,  a  town  of  the  isl.  of  Java, 
cap.  of  Dutch  residency  of  same  name. 

BuiTRAGO,  an  ancient  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Madrid.     P.  1,076.     It  has  an  hos- 


pital,   trade    in    wool,   and    manufs.  of 
cordage. 

BuJALANcE,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  E. 
Cordova.  P.  8,936.  It  is  well  built,  & 
has  a  college,  &  extens.  woollen  manufs. 

BuJALEuF,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Vienne,  on  the  Vienne.    P.  1,936. 

BuK,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov.  Posen. 
P.  2,298.     Manufs.  of  cloth  &  shoes. 

BuKHARiA,  is  a  name  given  to  a  wide 
extent  of  territory  in  Central  Asia,  com- 
prising the  E.  part  of  Indep.  &  the  W. 
part  of  Chinese  Tartary,  the  latter  sub- 
division being  called  Little  Bukharia. 

BuKHTARMiNSK,  a  fortress  of  Asiatic 
Russia,  gov.  Tomsk,  on  the  Irtish. 

BuKKUR,  an  isl.  &  fort  of  Scinde,  in  the 
Indus.  The  isl.  is  a  limestone  rock',  800 
yards  in  length,  by  300  in  width. 

BuKOwiNA,  an  old  divis.  of  the  Austrian 
Empire,  part  of  E.  Galicia. 

BuLACAN,  a  town  of  Luzon,  Philippine 
isls  ,  cap.  prov.,  on  riv.  Bulacan,  here 
crossed  by  a  bridge  of  5  arches.    P.  9,803. 

BtJiACH,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  cap. 
circ.  of  same  name.     P.  1,689. 

BuLAMA,  the  most  E.  of  the  Bissagos 
isls.,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  20  m.  S. 
Bissao.  It  is  about  20  m.  in  length  by 
10  m.  in  breadth,  densely  wooded,  &  very 
fertile,  but  unhealthy.  '  It  is  now  claimed 
by  Portugal. 

TiULAvADiN,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia.     P.  3,000. 

BuLGA,  a  mtn.  &  consid.  t.,  Abyssinia. 

Bulgaria,  a  prov.  of  Europ.  Turkey, 
separated  N.  by  the  Danube  from  Walla- 
chia,  Moldavia,  &  Bessarabia,  &  S.  by 
the  Balkhan  mntns.  from  Rumili,  &  hav- 
ing W-  Servia,  &  B.  the  Black  sea.  Area. 
33,900  sq.  m.  P.  1,800,000.  Surfiicej 
mountainous  in  the  S.,  level  in  the  N., 
generally  well  wooded,  &  abounding  with 
rich  pasture.  Princip.  riv.  the  Danube. 
At  its  N.E.  extremity  is  the  large  lake 
of  Rassein.  Princip.  products,  cattle, 
tallow,  hides,  hemp,  flax,  skins,  timber, 
&  attar  of  roses.  The  Bulgarians,  who 
are  descendants  of  a  Sclavonic  tribe  that 
crossed  the  Volga  in  the  7th  century,  are 
adherents  of  the  Greek  church :  tliey 
speak  the  Servian  language,  &  manuf. 
common  woollens,  rifle  barrels,  &  moroc- 
co leather,  in  addition  to  their  rural  oc- 
cupations. I'rom  the  7th  century  till 
1018,  &  again  from  1196  till  the  middle 
of  the  14th  century,  Bulgaria  formed  an 
indep.  kingdom  ;  but  it  then  became  sub- 
ject to  Hungary,  &  was  finally  conquered 
by  the  Turks  in  1392. 

BuLGNEviLLE,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Vosges.     P.  1,012. 


J 


bur] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


141 


BuLLAs,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Murcia. 
P.  4,186.  It  is  very  ancient,  &  has  many 
Eoman  remains. 

BuLLE,  a  town  of  Switzerl.,  cant.  Frei- 
burg. P.  1,513.  It  is  the  chief  entrepot 
for  Gruyere  cheese,  made  in  the  adjacent 
valleys. 

EuLLES,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Oise. 
P.  1,071.     Important  manuf.  of  linen. 

BuLLiT,  county,  Kentuck}',  in  the  N. 
part  of  the  state,  on  S.ilt  river.  Surface 
diversified.  Soil  fertile.  Salt  is  made 
here.     P.  6,774.     Cap.  Shepherdsville. 

Bullock,  co.,  Georgia,  S.E.  part  of  the 
state,  on  the  Ogeechee  riv.  P.  4,300. 
Cap.  Statesboro'. 

Bull's  Skin,  town,  Fayette  co.  Pa. 

EuLLUMGHuR,  a  fortfd.  town,  British 
India,  presid  Bengal. 

EuLOLA,  a  riv.  &  town  of  W.  Africa, 
Senegambia. 

EuLSAUR,  a  populous  seaport  town  of 
British  India,  presid.  Bombay. 

BuLSUN,  a  Silih  state  of  N.  India,  under 
British  protection,  between  the  Sutlej  & 
Jumna.     P.  5,000. 

BuLTi,  a  state  of  Central  Asia,  tribu- 
tary to  the  rulers  of  the  Punjab,  but  N. 
the  Himalaya,  &  surrounded,  except  on 
the  N.W.  by  the  Chinese  dom.  Area, 
12,000  sq.m.  P.  75,000.(7)  It  consists  of 
a  part  of  the  upp.  valley  of  the  Indus, 
having  a  general  elevation  of  6,000  or 
7,000  ft.  above  the  sea,  &  enclosed  by 
mountains,  which  rise  to  6^000  or  8,000 
ft.  higher.  Europ.  fruits  are,  however, 
plentiful.  Animals  comprise  the  sha,  the 
large-horned  goat,  sheep,  the  musk  deer, 
&  ibis ;  arsenic  &  sulphur  are  among  the 
mineral  products.  The  inhabs.  are  of 
Tartar  descent.    - 

Buncombe,  co.,  N.  C,  in  the  W.  part 
of  the  state,  in  a  broad  valley  between 
two  ridges  of  the  Alleghany  mountains. 
Contains  2,000  sq.  m.,  drained  by  several 
small  rivs.     P.  13,425. 

EuNCRANA,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Ulster,  CO.  Donegal.     P.  961. 

Bund,  Switzerland.     [Ghisons.] 

BiJNDE,  two  vills.  of  Germany. 1. 

Hanover,  landr.  Aurieh.- II.  Prussian 

Westphalia,  reg.  Minden.     P.  1,200. 

BuNDELCUND,  a  territ.  of  Hindostan. 
Surface  mountainous.  Princip.  rivs.  the 
Desan,  Betwah,  Cane.  Princip.  towns, 
Jhansi,  Bandah,  Chatterpoor.  In  it  are 
the  diamond-mines  of  Panna. 

Bund-emir,  a  river  of  Persia,  prov. 
Pars,  enters  the  Lake  Eakhtegan,  after 
a  S.E.  course  of  150  m. 

Bungay,  a  mrkt.  town  of  Engl.,  co. 
Suffolk,  on  the  Waveney.     P.  4,109.     It 


is  well  built,  &  has  a  large  market-place, 
containing  2  fine  crosses. 

Bunker's  Hill,  Massachusetts,  is  a 
steep  hill,  110  feet  elev.,  about  1  m.  N. 
Boston.  It  is  surmounted  by  a  lofty 
granite  obelisk,  to  commemorate  the  ac- 
tion which  took  place  here,  17th  June, 
1775,  betw.  the  Brit.  &  Amer.,  &  in  which 
the  former,  in  carrying  the  height,  suf- 
fered a  heavy  loss.  Thia,was  the  first 
pitched  battle  of  the  revolutionary  wars. 

BuNMAHON,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Irel.,  co. 
Waterford.  P.  1,771.  It  is  frequented 
as  a  bathing-place,  &  adjacent  to  it  are 
the  mines  of  Knockmahon. 

BuNOL,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Valen- 
cia. P.  2,470.  Manufs.  paper.  Near  it 
are  some  remarkable  stalaotitic  caves. 

Birf^oLA,  a  town  of  the  isl.  Majorca.  P. 
1,752.     Near  it  are  marble  quarries. 

EuNPOOR,  a  dist.  of  W.  Beloochistan, 
prov.  Mukran.  The  territ.  appears  to  be 
fertile,  &  the  chief  obtains  from  his  sub- 
jects an  annual  rev.  of  2,600/.,  besides 
contributions  of  camels,  sheep,  dates, 
wheat,  &  matchlocks.  His  milit.  force 
consists  of  300  cavalry,  &  2,500  infantry. 

BuNRATTY  (Upper  &  Lower),  two 
baronies  of  Ireland,  co.  Clare,  Munster. 
Surface   rocky,  but  adapted  for  grazing. 

BuNTWALLA,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras. 

BuNWOOL,  one  of  the  Philippine  isls., 
Asiat.  archip.,  in  the  great  S.  inlet  of 
Mindanao. 

EuNZLAU,  sevl.  towns  of  E.  German y^. 
1.  [New,  or  Jung- Bun zlau),  Bo- 
hemia. P.  5,074.  It  has  a  royal  Piarist 
gymnasium,  an  old  castle  now  used  for 
barracks  and  manufs.  of  cotton  &  woollen 

fabrics,  &  leather. II.  (OZd),  a  town, 

circ.  Kaurzim,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Elbe.  It 
has  a  collegiate  church,  with  a  monument 
to  St.  Winceslaus,  often   resorted  to  by 

pilgrims. III.  a  town  of  Pruss.  Silesia, 

reg.  Liegnitz,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Bober.  P. 
6,360.  It  has  a  large  orphan  asylum,  a 
normal  school,  manufs.  of  earthenware  & 
hosiery,  &  in  its  mkt.  place,  a  monument 
to  the  Russian  general  Kutusoff,  who  died 
here  in  1813. 

BuocHS,  a  vill,  of  Switzerl.,  cant.  Un- 
terwalden.     P.  1,060. 

BuONABiTALco,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Prineipato-Citra.     P.  3,120. 

Buonalbergo,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Principato  Ult.     P.  3,300. 

EuoNcONVENTO,  a  vill.  of  Tuscany, 
prev.  Siena,  on  the  Ombrone.  In  its 
castle  the  Emp.  Henry  VII.  died  in  1313. 

Eurano,  a  small  island  &  town  of  N. 
Italy  in  the  Adriatic.     P.  4,900. 


142 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHT. 


[bur 


BuBAZJOON,  a  town  of  Persia,  prov. 
Fars. 

BuRDiEHOusE,  a  vill.  of  ScOtl.,  CO.  of 
Edinburgh. 

BuEDUR,  a  large  town  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, pash.  Anatolia. 

BuRDWAN.  a  dist.  of  British  India, 
presid.  &  prov.  Bengal.  Area,  2,100  sq. 
m.  P.  1,487,300.  It  is  generally  under 
cultivatijp,  &  one  of  the  most  productive 
parts  of  India.  It  has  exten.'!ive  coal 
fields,  yielding  annually  from  43,000  to 
46,000  tons  of  coal.  Iron  ore,  &  building 
stone  are  also  plentiful.  Princip.  towns, 
Burdwan,  Culna,  &  Cuttwa.  Burdwan  is 
the  cap.  P.  54,000.  It  has  a  large  palace 
&  gardens  belonging  to  its  rajah,  govern- 
ment &  missionary  schools,  &  manufs.  of 
silk  &  cotton  fabrics.  Near  it  are  indigo 
works. 

BuRE,  a  riv.  of  England,  co.  Norfolk. 

Bureau,  county,  111.,  toward  the  N. 
part  of  the  state.  P.  8,841.  Cap. 
Princeton. 

Bu-Regreb,  a  riv.  of  Morocco,  &  the 
S.W.  boundary  of  the  anc.  Mauritania, 
enters  the  Atlantic  at  llabatt,  by  a 
mouth  500  yds.  across. 

BiJREN,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Westphalia, 

reg.  Minden,  on  the  Alifie.    P.  2,130. 

II.  a  town  of  Switzerl.,  cant.  Bern, 

on  the  Aar,  here  crossed  by  a  stone  b'dge. 

P.  1,100. III.  (06er),  a  vill.of  Switzerl., 

cant.  St.  Gall.     P.   1,410. IV.  a  vill. 

Netherlands,  prov.  Gelderland.    P.  1,500. 

BuRFOBD,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl.,  co. 
Oxford. 

Burg,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Saxony,   reg. 

Magdeburg. 1,  on  the  Thle.  P.  14,570. 

It  has  been  celeb,  for  its  cloth  manufs. 
since  the  12th  cent.,  &  has  still  numerous 
woollen  factories.    It  has  also  dye-works, 

&  manufs.  of  glue  &  snuff. II.  a  town 

of  Rhenish-Prussia,  reg.  Dusseldorf,  on 
the  Wipper,  with  1,610  inhabs.,  &  manufs. 
of  counterpanes,  horse-cloths,  &  hard- 
wares.  III.  a  marit.  town  of  Denm'k, 

duchy   SchlcBwigj  cap.  isl.  Femern.     P. 
1,800. 
BuBGAu,    a   town    of    Bavaria,    circ. 

Swabia,    Augsburg.     P.  2,063. II.  a 

vill.  of  Styria,  on  the  Hungarian  frontier. 
BuRGBERNHBiM,    a   towu  of  Bavaria, 
circ.  mid.  Franconia.     P.  1,379. 

BuRGDORF,  a  town  of  Switzerl.,  cant. 
Bern,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Emmen,  here  crossed 
bya  newbridge.  P.  2,417.  It  is  the  de- 
pot for  the  Emmenthal  cheese.     Near  it 

are  the  baths  of  Sommerhaus. II.  a 

town  of  Hanover,  landr.  Luneburg  on  the 
Aa.    P.  2,250, 

BuRGHAUN,  a  town  of  Germany,  Hes- 


sen-Cassel,  prov.  Fulda,  on  the  Haune. 
P.  1,400. 

BuRGHAusEN,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ. 
Upper  Bavaria,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Salzach. 
P.  2,300.  Manufs.  cloth;  breweries,  & 
trade  in  leather  &  salt. 

BuRGHAz,  a  seaport  town  of  Euro- 
pean Turkey,  Rumili,  on  a  promontory 
in  the  gulf  of  same  name,  in  the  Black 
sea.  P.  6,000  (7)  It  is  neat  &  clean,  & 
has  an  extensive  manuf.  of  clay  &  pipe- 
bowls,  with  an  active  trade  in  iron  &,  pro- 
visions. 

Buhgh-Head,  or  Beough-Head,  a 
viU.  of  Scotl.,  CO.  Elgin,  on  a  promontory, 
upon  which  are  remains  supposed  to  be 
those  of  the  Alata  Castra  of  Ptolemy, 
with  ancient  well.  P.  829.  It  is  well 
built,  &  has  a  good  harbor. 

Burghorn,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  N.  Holland,  near  Alkmaar.  P. 
1,885. 

Burgio,  a  town  of  Sicily,  dist.  Bivona, 
prov.  Girgenti.     P.  5,860. 

BuRGK,  a  vill.  of  Saxony,  circ.  Dresden, 
with  extensive  coal  mines,  numerous  coko 
furnaces,  &  a  gas  work.     P.  860. 

BuRGKUNSTADT,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
circ.  Upper-Franconia,  on  the  Main.  P. 
1,360. 

BiJRGLEN,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Uri,  &  deserving  notice  as  the  reputed 
birth-place  of  William  Tell.  Near  it  is 
the  chapel  of  Notre  Dame  of  Loretto,  a 

celeb,  place  of  pilgrimage. II.  a  vill. 

in  the  cant.  Thurgo via,  with  Jin  ancient 
castle.     P.  1,076. 

BuRGLENGEFELD,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
cap.  landr.  same  name.     P.  1,425. 

BuEGO,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Malaga, 
on  the  Ardales.     P.   1,612.     In  its  envi- 
rons are  ruins  of  a  Roman  amphitheatre. 
BuEGO-DE-OsMA,    a   town    of    Spain, 
prov.  Soria.     P.  2,072. 

Burgos,  a  city  of  Spain,  cap.  prov.  of 
same  name,  &  formerly  cap.  of  Old  Cas- 
tile, on  1.  b.  of  the  Arlanzon.  P.  14,790. 
The  town  is  clean  &  handsome,  but  damp 
&  cold.  Its  cathed.  is  one  of  the  finest  in 
Spain.  Burgos  has  numerous  other 
churches,  and  is  the  seat  of  a  college, 
a  school  of  surgery,  &  some  manufs.  of 
leather,  woollens  &  hats.  Its  present 
importance  is  now  chiefly  due  to  its  be- 
ing on  the  high  road  from  Madrid  to  the 
French  frontier. 

BuEGSTADT,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circ. 
Leipzig.  P.  2,719.  It  has  manufs.  of 
stockings. 

BuEGSTEiN,  a  vill.  of  Bohemia,  cap. 
lordship  of  same  name  in  the  circ.  Leit- 
meritx.     P.  14,550.     Important  manufs. 


J 


buk] 


UNIVEaSAI.    GAZETTEER. 


143 


of  crystal  are  carried  on  in  this  dist.,  & 
it  is  the  depOt  for  the  greater  part  of  the 
glass  mnnuf.  in  the  kingdom. 

BuRGUETE,  a  town  of  Spain,  Navarra, 
Paiidpluna,  in  the  valley  of  Roncevaux. 
Here  the  troops  of  Charlemagne  were 
defeated,  &  his  neplie\y,  the  famous  Ro- 
land, perished  in  778. 

Burgundy,  prov.  of  France.     [BouR- 

GOGNB.] 

BuRHAMPOOTER  RiVER.  [BRAHMA- 
POOTRA.] 

BuRiAs,  one  of  the  Philipp.  isls.,  Asiat. 
archip. 

Burke,  town,  Caledonia  co.  Vt.,  on 
branches  of  Pasumpsic  r.  Burke  mntn. 
in  this  town  is  3,500  ft.  high.  Excellent 
oil   stones    are    manufactured  here.     P. 

997. II.  CO.  N.  C,  in  the  W.  part  of 

the  state,  watered  by  Catawba  r.  &  its 
branches.  It  is  a  mutnous.  valley  with 
soil  generally  fertile.     P.  17,772.     Cap. 

Morgeutown. III.  co.,  Ga.,  in  the  E. 

part  of  the  state,  on  the  Savannah  r.  Cap. 
Waynesboro' . 

BuRKERSDGRF,  a  vill.  of  Lowcr  Aus- 
tria, cire.  &  W.  Vienna,  on  the  Wien. 

BuRKHA,  a  marit.  town  of  E.  Arabia, 
dora.  Muscat,  on  sea  of  Bab-el-Mandeb. 

BuRKHARDTSDORF,  a  vill.  of  Saxony, 
circ.  Zwickau,  with  manufs.  of  linens  & 
cottons.     P.  1,850. 

BuRLATS,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn,  on  the  Agout.  P.  1,500.  It 
has  several  paper  mills. 

Burleson,  co.,  Texas.     P.  1,713. 

Burlington,  co.,  N.  J.  on  Del.  r.  but 
extending  across  the  state  to  the  Atlantic 
ocean.  The  soil  chiefly  alluvial.  Valu- 
able pine  timber  &  bog  iron  are  found. 
Marl  also  abounds.  It  is  watered  by  a 
number  of  creeks.  In  this  co.  is  a  well 
which  converts  hickory  wood  into  stone 

in  5  years.     P.  43,203. II.  a  city  & 

port  of  entry,  Burlington  co.  N.  J.,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Del.  It  has  a  city 
hall,  Ij'ceum,  bank,  library,  &  a  free 
school  established  in  1682.  It  is  regu- 
larly laid  out  with  streets  crossing  at 
right  angles.  The  residence  of  the  Bishop 
of  New  Jersey  is  a  handsome  gothic  struc- 
ture. Burlington  was  founded  1678  ;  in- 
corporated as  a  city  1784.     P.  4,536. 

III.  port  of  entry  &  cap.  of  Chittenden 
CO.  Vt.,  is  situated  on  a  bay,  on  the  E. 
side  of  Lake  Champlain.  From  the  S. 
part  of  the  vil.  the  ground  rises  by  a 
gradual  slope,  for  the  distance  of  a  m. 
to  the  height  of  250  ft.  above  the  level  of 
the  lake.  The  vil.  is  regularly  laid  out. 
Near  its  centre  is  a  handsome  public 
sjquare,  on  which  the  courthouse  is  situ- 


ated. It  is  the  largest  &  most  commer- 
cial place  in  the  state.  The  univer.sity 
of  Vermont  is  located  here.     P.  6,110. 

IV.  t.,  Middlese.x  co.  Mass. V.  t., 

Hartford  CO.  Conn.  P.  1,201. VI.  p-v., 

cap.    Lawrence   co.    0.,  on  the   extreme 

point  of  the  state. VII.  p-t.,  Bradford 

CO.  Pa.,  dr.  ined  by  Sugar  creek  &  its 
branches.  P.  1,118. -VIII.  p-t.,  Cal- 
houn co.  Mich. IX.  v., cap.  Des  Moines 

CO.  Iowa,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Miss. 
It  is  regularly  laid  out  &  has  the  usual 
CO.  buildings.  Its  trade  is  already  con- 
siderable.    A  government  land  office  is 

here.       P.  4,081. X.  t,    Licking  co. 

0.     P.  1,222. 

BuRMAH,  or  BiRMAH,  the  Burmese 
Empire,  or  kingdom  of  Ava,  a  state  of 
Further  India,  &  formerly  the  most  ex- 
tensive &  powerful  in  that  penins.  Area, 
200,000  sq.  m. ;  &  pop.  from  2  to  3  mil- 
lions. It  is  composed  of  the  kgdms.  of 
Burmah.  Pegu,  &  Pong,  with  portions  of 
the  countries  inhabited  by  the  Khyen,  & 
the  Shan  countries,  &  the  Kubo  valley; 
it  is  enclosed  on  both  sides  by  rantn. 
ranges,  in  elev.  from  2,000  to  5,000  ft. 
above  the  sea,  its  central  part  consisting 
of  the  basin  of  the  Irrawadi.  Lagoons 
are  numerous.  Annual  fall  of  rain,  150 
to  200  inches.  The  soil  is  of  very  high 
fertility.  Agriculture  is  generally  in  the 
most  backward  condition.  Rice  is  the 
chief  crop,  especially  in  the  S.  ;  pulses, 
Indian  millet,  &  maize  are  raised  in  the 
N. ;  &  sessaoium  is  universally  cultiv.  for 
cattle.  Other  products  are, cotton  of  short 
staple,  indigo  ;  teak,  oak,  &  other  valu- 
able woods,  abound  on  the  mntn.  ranges. 
Oxen,  buffaloes,  &  goats  are  the  principal 
domestic  animals,  a  good  breed  of  horses 
is  also  reared.  Mineral  products  are  nu- 
merous &  valuable.  The  gold  &  silver 
obtained  in  the  empire,  has  been  estim. 
to  amount  in  value  to  upwards  of  200,000/. 
&  the  joroduce  of  petreoleum  in  pits  along 
the  Irrawadi.  to  8  million  lbs.  annually; 
fine  marble,  serpentine,  amber,  sapphires, 
&  other  gems,  iron,  copper,  tin,  lead, 
antimony,  sulphur,  nitre,  &  coal  are  also 
found.  In  physical  form,  the  Burmese 
are  more  allied  to  the  Mongolians  of  E. 
Asia.  From  the.  diffei'ence  of  dialect!5, 
they  may  be  divided  into  five  tribes  or 
nations.  They  excel  in  boat-building,  & 
they  cast  bells,  work  in  gold  &  silver,  & 
dye  silk  &  other  fabrics,  weave  silk  & 
cotton  goods,  &  manuf.  lacquered  wares. 
The  gov.  is  hereditary  &  despotic.  The 
religion  of  the  mass  of  the  inhabs.  is 
Buddhism ;  a  few  Christians  &  Jews  are 
to   be  found   amongst  the   pop.,    A  the 


i^ 


^ 


144 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[bus 


Kbyens  &  other  wild  tribes  have  a  special 
idolatry  of  their  o\vn.  Education,  in  so 
far  as  mere  reading  &  writing  is  con- 
cerned, is  more  diffused  than  might  have 
been  expected.  The  Burmese  empire  is 
divided  into  7  provs.  Ava  &  Monchubo 
have  alternately  been  constituted  the  cap. 
of  tie  empire.  The  other  principal  towns 
are  Amarapure,  Sakaing,  Rangoon,  Bas- 
sain,  Martaban,  Setang,  Taungo,  Prome, 
Patango,  Yandabo,  &  Bhamo. 

BuRNETsoN,  t.,  Eranklin  co.  Mass.  P. 
992. 

BusNHAM,  t.,  Waldo  CO.  Me. 

Burnham-Westgate,  a  mkt.  town  of 
Engl.,  CO.  Norfolk. 

Burnley,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  Lancas- 
ter, on  the  Burn.  P.  10,699.  Manufs. 
of  cotton  &  woollen  fabrics,  &  machinery, 
with  iron  &  brass  foundries,  breweries, 
tanneries,  rope-walks. 

Burns,  t.,  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.  P.  876. 
II.  t.,  Shiawassee  co.  Mich. 

Burns-Hill,  a  town  &  mission  station 
of  Brit.  Kafraria,  South  Africa,  on  r.  b. 
of  the  Keiskamma  river. 

Burntisland,  a  seaport  town,  co,  Fife, 
on  the  Firth  of  Forth.  It  is  clean  &  well 
built;  it  has  a  town-ho.,  school-ho.,  &  the 
best  harb.  on  the  Firth,  with  a  flew  low- 
water  pier,  a  lighthouse,  &  a  dry  dock. 

Burra  Burra,  a  mining  dist.  of  S.  Aus- 
tralia, 80  m.  N. of  Adelaide.   [Adelaide.] 

Burra,  &  Burrav,  two  small  isls.  of 
Scotland. 

BuRRAMPOOR,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras.  It  hus  a  large  bazaar 
or  mkt.  place,  a  street  occupied  by  weav- 
ers, &  sev.  remarkable  Hindoo  temples. 

BuRRiANA,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  S. 
Castellon  de  la  Plana,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Rio 
Seco.     P.  6,204. 

Burrilville,  t.,  Providence  co.  R.  I. ; 
watered  by  a  branch  of  Blackstone  riv., 
which  affords  great  water  power.  Manuf. 
of  woollen  &  cotton  goods.     P.  3,533. 

BuRRisHOL,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  on  an  isl.  of  ths  Ganges. 

BuRSEAH,  a  t.  of  India,  Gwalior  dom. 

Bltrslem,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl.,  co. 
Staffonl,  &  the  princip.  town  in  that  im- 
portant dist.  called  "  the  Potteries."  P. 
13,631.  It  has  many  large  factories,  con- 
venient dwelling  houses  of  the  work-peo- 
ple, &  villas  of  proprietors,  with  a  neat 
town-hall.  As  early  as  the  17th  century 
it  was  the  chief  place  in  England  for  the 
production  of  earthenwares  ;  at  first  of  a 
very  homely  kind,  but  latterly  brought 
to  great  perfection  by  Josiah  Wedgewood, 
born  here  in  1730. 

Burton,  t.,  Cattaraugus  co.  N.  Y. 


II.  t.,  Geauga  co.  0.,  on  head  branches 

of  Cuyahoga  riv.     P.  1,022. III.   t., 

Luzerne  co.  Pa. 

Burton-on-Trent,  a  mkt.  town  of 
Engl.,  co.s.  Stafford  &  Derby,  on  the  Trent. 
I  P.  4,853.  The  town  consists  chiefly  of  2 
streets,  the  princip.  terminates  by  abridge 
of  37  arches,  1,545  ft.  in  ht.,  stated  to  be 
the  longest  bridge  in  Engl.,  &,  which  was 
built  prior  to  the  conquest. 

BuBTSCHEiD,  a  town  of  Rhen.  Prussia. 
P.  5,530.  It  has  manufs.  of  woollen 
cloth,  cassimeres,  yarn,  Prussian  blue,  &c. 
with  celeb,  hot  sulphur  springs,  &  baths 
much  frequented. 

Burwannee,  a  fortfd.  eonsid'ble  town 
of  Central  India,  dom.  Indore.  It  has  a 
large  palace,  the  residence  of  its  rajah. 

Bury,  a  manufng.  town  of  Engl.,  co. 
Lancaster,  on  the  Irwell.  The  town  hag, 
in  late  years,  been  much  improved  •  &  it 
possesses  several  public  libraries,  a  me- 
chanics' institution,  news-room,  horticul- 
tural society,  with  important  &  flourish- 
ing manufs.  of  cotton,  woollens,  &  maehin- 
erv,  &  calico-printing,  &  bleaching  estab- 
lishments.    P.  24,759.     ■ 

Bury  St.  Edmunds,  a  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Suffolk,  on  the  Larke.  The  town,  on 
a  gentle  eminence,  in  a  healthy  &  richly 
cultivated  dist.,  is  remarkably  clean,  well 
built,  &  cheerful.  Princip.  edifices,  St. 
Mary's  church,  a  fine  Gothic  structure ; 
St.  James's,  near  which  is  a  belfry  80 
ft.  in  height,  &  one  of  the  finesi;  remains 
of  Saxon  architecture  extant  in  Britain. 
P.  12,538. 

Burzen,  a  riv.  of  Transylvania,  an 
affl.  of  the  Aluta  atBrenndorf.  It  gives 
its  name  to  the  Burzenland,  a  mntnous. 
region  which  forms  the  dist.  of  Kronstadt. 
P.  80,000. 

BuRZET,  a  comm.  &  t.  of  France,  dep. 
Ardeche.  P.  of  comm.  3,516-;  silk  mills 
&  woollen  manufs. 

BusACHi,  a  town  of  Sardinia. 

BusACHiNO,  a  town  of  Sicily,  prov. 
Palermo,  in  a  mountainous  dist.  P.  8,100. 
Manufactures  of  linens. 

BusAco,  a  hamlet  &  convent  of  Portu- 
gal, prov.  Beira.  Here,  on  the  27th  Sep- 
tember, 1810,  the  French  under  Massena 
were  repulsed  in  an  attack  upon  the  troops 
under  the  Duke  of  Wellington. 

BiJSBACH,  a  vill.  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
circ.  Aix-la-Chapelle,  with  wooll.  manufs. 
and  mines  of  lead  &  calamine.     P.  1,216. 

BuscA,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  cap.  dist., 
prov.  Cuneo,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Po.  P. 
8,990.  It  has  a  college,  an  hospital,  &  2 
botanic  gardens.  Good  wine  is  produced 
in  its  vicinity. 


but] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


145 


Bush  Creek,  t.,  "Washington  co.  Ark. 
P.  298. II.  town,  Scioto  co.  Ohio. 

BusHEAB,  an  isl.  in  the  Persian  gulf, 
11m.  from  its  N.  coast.  It  is  low,  &  tiat ; 
at  its  AV.  extremity  is  a  small  town,  with 
,a  tolerable  harbor,  which  was  visited  by 
the  fleet  of  Nearchus,  admiral  of  Alex- 
ander the  Great. 

BusHiHB,  a  seaport  city  of  Persia,  &  its 
princip.  entrepot  on  the  Persian  gulf,  at 
the  N.  extremity  of  a  sandy  peninsula. 
P.  20,000.  On  the  land  side  it  is  protected 
by  a  wall  with  round  towers,  &  on  the 
other  sides  enclosed  by  the  sea,  which  on 
the  N.  forms  a  harbor  lined  by  some 
wharfs.  Being  built  of  white  stone  & 
furnished  with  hollow  turrets  for  ventila- 
tion, it  has  externally  a  handsome  appear- 
ance. Ships  of  300  tons  are  obliged  to 
lie  in  a  roadstead  6  m.  from  the  city. 
Bushire  has,  however,  a  large  trade  with 
British  India. 

BusHKiLL,  town,  Northampton  co.  Pa., 
on  Bushkill  creek.  Some  manufs.  P. 
1,716. 

Bushman's  River,  S.  Africa,  Cape 
Colony. 

BusHwicK,  town,  Kings  co.  N".  Y.,  on 
L.  I.     P.  1,295. 

BusiGNY,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Nord.     P.  2,234. 

Busk,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  cire. 
Zloczow,  on  the  Bag.     P.  3,000. 

BusKO,  a  town  of  Poland,  with  mineral 
springs  &  baths.     P.  800. 

BussAHEE,  a  Sikh  state,  N".  India, 
under  Brit,  protection,  immed.  S.  the 
Sutlej.  P.  150,000.  It  embraces  some 
fertile  tracts  in  which  rice  &  other  grains 
are  raised ;  principal  products  are  sheep, 
cattle,  wool,  ghee,  iron,  tobacco,  fruits,  & 
musk. 

BussANG,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Yosges,  on  the  Moselle.  P.  2,349. 
It  has  an  e.'jtensive  commerce  in  mineral 
waters,  of  which  upwards  of  20,000  bot- 
tles are  annuallj'-  exported. 

BussBE,  two  towns  of  Hindostan. 

I.  dom.  Jeypoor. II.  dist.  Boolund- 

shahur. 

BussEROLLEs,  a  comm.  &  vill.,  France, 
dep.  Dordogne.     P.  2,187. 

BussETO,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  duchy 
Parma,  near  the  Ongina.     P.  1,850. 

BussiSre,  several  comms.  of  France. 
P.  2,930. 

BussNANG,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Thurgau,  on  left  bank  of  the  Thur,  oppo- 
site Weinfelden.     P.  2,000. 

Bussolengo,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  gov. 
Venice,  deleg.  Verona.     P.  2,400. 

BussoLiNO,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  prov. 

7 


Susa,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Doire.  P.  1,000.  la 
its  environs  are  quarries  of  green  marble. 
BussoRAH,  Asiatic  Turkey. 
Bustar,  a  town  &  dist.  of  British  India, 
Nagpoor  dom.  The  dist.  is  mountainous 
&  unexplored. 

Bustee,  a  t.  of  B.  India,  prov.  of  Oude. 
BusTi,  p-t.,  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y.     P. 
1,894. 

Busto-Arsizio,  a  town  of  N.  'Italy, 
Lombardy.  P.  9,619.  It  has  a  cotton 
thread  factory,  &  an  active  trade. 

BusuLUK,  a  town  of  the  Russian  dom. 
It  has  tanneries,  &  an  annual  fair,  the 
purchases  at  which  are  estimated  to  ave- 
rage 300,000  roubles. 
BusuM,  a  small  seaport  t.  of  Denmark. 
BusvAGON,  one  of  the  Philippine  isls., 
Asiatic  archip.  Length  about  50  m. ;  ar. 
b.  12  m.     Surface  mountainous. 

Butcher's  Island,  a  small  isl.  off  the 
"W.  doast  of  India,  in  Bombay  harbor. 

Bute,  an  isl.  of  Scotland,  in  the  firth 
of  Clyde,  forming,  with  Arran,  &c.,  the 
CO.  Bute,  &  separated  from  Argyleshire, 
by  a  winding  channel  (the  Kyles  of  Bute), 
generally  less  than  1  m.  across.  It  is  in 
length  about  16  m.,  &  from  3  to  5  in 
breadth.  Area,  about  60  sq.  m.  P.  9,499. 
Its  jM.  part  mountainous  &  rugged.  In 
the  centre  are  the  small  lakes  Fad, 
Aseog,  &  Quein.  On  its  E.  coast  is  the 
town  of  Rothesay. 

Buteshire,   a  co.  of  Scotland,  com- 
posed of  Arran,  Bute,  the  Cumbrays,  Holy 
Isle,  Pladda,  &  Inehmarnoch.     P.  16,576. 
BuTERA,  a  town  of  the  isl.  of  Sicily. 
P.  4,070. 

BuTi,  a  town  of  Tuscany,  9^  m.  B.  Pisa. 
P.  3,498.  Its  vicinity  produces  excellent 
olives. 

Butler,  co..  Pa.,  in  the  W.  part  of  the 
state.  Alleghany  riv.  touches  it,  drained 
by  several  small  creeks.    P.  30,346.   Cap. 

Butler. II.  CO.,  Kentucky,  central  in 

the  W.  part  of  the  state,  on  Green  river. 

P.  5,755.    Cap.  Morgantown. III.  co., 

Ohio,  in  the  S.W.  p.art  of  the  state,  on  the 
Miami  river.    P.  30,789.    Cap.  Hamilton. 

IV.  p-t.,  Wayne  co.  N.  Y.    P.  2,271. 

^V.  v.,  cap.  Butler  co.  Pa.  P.  861. 

VI.  t.,  Luzerne  co.  Pa. VII.  t.,  Branch 

CO.  Mich. VIII.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

P.  1,711. IX.  t..  Dark  co.  Ohio. 

X.  t.,  Montgomery  co.  Ohio. 

BuTOOL,  a  town  of  British  India,  pre-' 
sid.  Bengal. 

BuTow,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pomera- 
nia,  reg.  Koslin.  P.  2,100.  Woollen 
manufactures. 

BuTRiNTO,  a  marit.  town  of  European 
Turkey,    Epirus,   sanj.   Delvino,  at  the 


146 


CYCLOPEDIA   OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[byr 


mouth  of  a  riv.  immed.  opp.  Corfu.  P. 
1,500.  The  town  &  fortress  are  of  Vene- 
tian construction. — The  Lake  ofButrinto, 
N.  of  the  town,  is  5  m.  in  length,  by  2  m. 
in  breadth. 

BuTscHowiTZ,  a  town  of  Austria,  Mora- 
via.    P.  2,473. 

Butte,  a  co.  of  California. 

Butternuts,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.  N.  Y. 
drained  by  a  riv.  &  creek.  Manufs.  of 
linen  &  cloth.     P.  4,057. 

BuTTERWOKTH,  a  tnship.  of  Engl.,  co. 
Lancaster.     P.  5,088. 

BuTTES,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  has 
1,000  inhabs.,  &  extensive  manufs.  of 
watches. 

BuTTEVA^STT,  a  markt.  town  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  co.  Cork,  on  the  Arobeg.  P. 
1,524.  It  was  formerly  enclosed  by  walls, 
&  it  has  the  ruins  of  numerous  ecclesiastic 
edifices. 

BuTTiGLiERA,   a  town  of    Piedmont. 

P.  2,252. II.  (Jlriola),   a  vill.   Sard. 

states,  in  the  prov.  Susa.     P.  1,190. 

BuTTisHOLz,  a  vill.  of  Switzer.,  near 
which  is  a  large  mound,  called  Tertre 
Anglais,  because  it  is  said  to  contain  the 
remaiasof  3,000  Englishmen,  followers  of 
Ingelram  de  Coucy,  defeated  here  in  1376. 

Butts,  co.,  Ga.,  in  the  central  part  of 
the  state.  Borders  on  the  Ockmulgee  r. 
P.  6,488.     Cap.  Jackson. 

BuTTSTADT,atown  of  Central  Germany, 
duchy  Saxe- Weimar.      P.  2,060. 

BuTYiN,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  Arad. 
P.  3,775. 

BuTZBACH,  a  t.  of  "W.  Germany,  H. 
Darmstadt,  prov.  Upp.  Hessen.  P.  2,246. 
Manufs.  flannels,  hosiery  &  leather. 

BiJTZow,  a  decayed  t.  of  N.  Germany, 
Mecklenb,  Sehwerin,  prineip.  Schwerin, 
on  the  Warnow.  P.  3,894.  Manufs. 
paper  &  playing-cards. 

BuxAE,  a  town  of  British  India,  presid. 
Bengal,  dist.  Bakhar,  on  the  Ganges,  & 
famous  for  a  complete  victory  obtained  in 
1764,  by  Sir  H.  Monro,  over  a  combined 
native  army. 

BuxEDWAR,  a  strong  &  remarkable 
pass  across  the  Himalaya  mntns. 

BuxTEHUDE,  a  town  of  Hanover,  landr. 
Stade,  on  th«  Este,  near  its  mouth  in  the 
Elbe.  P.  2,200.  Manufs.  starch,  leather, 
snuff  &  wax- lights. 

Buxton,  a  mrkt.  town  &  fashionable 
watering-place  of  Engl.,  co.  Derby,  near 
the  source  of  the  Wye.  P.  1,569.  It  is 
situated  in  a  deep  valley,  &  consists  of 
an  old  &  a  new  town,  the  latter  contain- 
ing many  fine  ranges  of  buildings.  The 
"Old  Hall,"  once  the  residence  of  Mary 
Q.  of  Scots,  is  now  an  inn.     The  saline 


waters  in  the  lower  town,  are  from  a  hot 
&  a  cold  spring,  withia  a  few  inches  of 
each  other  ;  there  is  also  a  chalybeate 
spring.  Buxton  is  frequented  annually 
by  from  10,000  to  12,000  visitors,  chiefly 
between  June  &  Oct.  From  1,000  to  1,200 
poor  invalids  annually  avail  themselves 
of  the  "  bath  charity,"  by  means  of  which 
they  are,  'on  proper  recommendation, 
maintained  for  a  month,  while  using  the 
waters.  Many  of  the  resident  inhabs. 
are  engaged  in  the  manijf.  of  alabaster, 

spar,  &  other  ornaments. II.  t.,  York 

CO.  Me.,  has  the  Saco  r.  on  its  S.W.  border. 
The  riv.  here  has  a  fall  of  about  80  ft. 
furnishing  a  very  extensive  water-power. 
P.  2,688. 

BuxY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
SaOne-et-Loire.     P.  1,954. 

BuzANgAis,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Indre,  on  the  Indre.  P.  3,139. 
Woollen  manufs.,  ^  trade  in  wool ;  in  its 
vicinity  are  extensive  iron  works. 

Buzet,  a  comm-  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Lot-et-Gavrone. .  P.  1,617.  Excel- 
lent wine  produced  in  its  vicinity. 

Buzzard's  Bay  lies  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Mass.,  30  m.  1.  &  7   b. 

Byam  Martin's  Island,  Pacific  0. 

Byberry,  p-t.,  Philadelphia  co.  Penn. 
P.  1,055. 

Byfield,  t^  Essex  co.  Mass.  Soil  fer- 
tile, &  highly  cultivated.  Good  water- 
power.  Dummer  acad.  located  here,  was 
founded  1755. 

Bygonbarry,  a  t.  of  Brit.  India,  pre- 
sid. prov.  &  Bengal,  on  the  Brahmaputra. 

Byker,  a  tnship.  of  Engl.,  co.  North- 
umberland, on  the  Tyne.     P.  6,024. 

Bykhop,  several  towns  in  Russia. 1. 

gov.  &  55  m.  S.  Tchernigov, II.  {Novo- 

JB),  gov.  Moghilev. III.  {Siaroi-B.), 

an  old  fortfd.  town  on  r.  b.  of  the  Dnieper. 
P.  3,900. 

Bykund,  a  ruined  city,  indep.  Turke- 
stan, khanat,  Bokhara.  It  is  said  to  have 
been  one  of  the  oldest  cities  in  that  region, 
&  it  retains  remains  of  high  antiuity. 

Byland,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
York,  N.  Riding.  Here  are  the  remains 
of  a  noble  abbej',  founded  in  the  12th 
century. 

Byraghur,  a  town  of  India,  Nagpoor 

dom  ,  on  the  Mahanuddy. II.  a  vill. 

of  Rajpootana,  5  m-  W.  Dillanpoor. — 
Byramghaut  is  a  town  of  Oude,  on  the 
Goggra. 

Byram  river,  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Conn. 
Separates  this  part  of  Conn,  from   the 

state  of  New  York.     P.  1,153. II.  t., 

Sussex  CO.  N.J.,  on  South  mountain. 
There  are  a  number  of  forges  here. 


CAC] 


UNIVERSAL    aAZETTEER. 


U1 


Eyed,  t.,  Cape  Girardeau  co.  Mo.  P, 
2,575. 

Byron,  t.,  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  It  has 
several  sulphur  springs.    P.  1,907. 

Byron's  (Bay),  E.  coast  of  Labrador, 
N.  Amer. — (Island),  Pacific,  Mulgrave 
archip.  It  is  low,  densely  wooded,  &  was 
discovered  by  Admiral  Byron  in  1765. 

Byrria,  a  town  of  India,  Gwalior  dom, 

Bytown,  cap.  of  Carleton  co.  U.  Can- 
ada, at  the  junction  of  the  Rideau  canal 
with  the  Ottawa  riv.  about  110  m.  W.  of 
Montreal.     P.  7,760. 


c. 

Cabaca,  a  town  of  Africa,  S.  Guinea, 
in  the  country  of  Ginga. 

Caeagan,  a  town  of  the  Philippine 
isls.,  at  the  N.  extrera.  of  the  isl.  Luzon. 
P.  11,185. 

Cabalunga,  a  town  of  the  isl.  of  Sa- 
mar,  Philippines,  resid.  of  the  Spanish 
alcalde  of  the  island. 

Cabanes,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Cas- 
tellon  de  la  Plana.     P.  1,619. 

Cabannes-et-Barres,  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn.     P.  1,154. 

Cabarrus,  county,  N.  C,  in  the  S. 
part  of  the  state  ;  drained  by  Rocky  riv. 
Some  gold  is  found.  P.  9,747.  Cap.. 
Concord. 

Cabeco  DE  Vide,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
prov.  Alemtejo.     P.  2,000. 

Cabell,  county,  Va.,  in  the  W.  part 
of  the  state  on  the  Ohio  r. ;  is  drained  by 
Guyandotte  &  Big  Sandy  rs. ;  surface 
rough.     P.  6,299.     Cap.  BarboursviDe. 

Cabenda,  a  seaport  t.  of  "W.  Africa,  S. 
Guinea,40  m.  N.  the  mouth  of  the  r.  Zaire . 

Cabes,  a  seaport  town  of  N.  Africa, 
dom.  Tunis,  in  the  gulf  of  Cabes ;  it  ex- 
ports a  considerable  quantity  of  henna. 

Cabes  (Gulf  of),  an  inlet  of  the  Med- 
iterranean, on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Africa, 
between  the  isls.  of  Kerkenna  &  Jerba. 

Cabeza  del  BiTEY,  a  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Badajoz.  P.  5,994.  It  has  manufs. 
of  woollen  cloths  &  linens. 

Cabezas  de  San  Juan,  a  town  of 
Spain,  prov.  Sevilla.     P.  3,471. 

Cabezon,  a  mkt.  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Valladolid,  on  the  Pisuerga. 

Cabiao,  a  town  of  the  isl.  Luzon,  Phi- 
lippines.    P.  4,940. 

Cable  Island,  a  small  isl.  of  Irel.,  co. 
Cork,  in  the  Atlantic. 

Cabo  Frio,  a  city  &  seaport  of  Brazil, 
N.E.  the  cape  of  same  name,  prov.  Rio 
Janeiro.     P.  3.500.     It  has  an  elect  col- 


lege. The  town  is  situated  at  the  S.E. 
extremity  of  Lake  Araruama,  &  is  con- 
nected with  the  continent  by  a  stone 
bridge,  built  1836.  Climate  unhealthy. 
Extens.  commerce  in  salt. 

Cabool,  or  Caubul,  a  city,  &  the  cap. 
of  N.  Afghanistan,  on  the  Cabool  riv., 
here  crossed  by  3  bridges.  6,396  ft.  above 
the  sea.  P.  60,000.  It  is  enclosed  on 
the  N.W.  &  S.  sides  by  hills.  This  cita- 
del comprises  the  resid.  of  the  chief,  va- 
rious govern,  offices,  royal  gardens,  an 
inner  fort.  &  a  small  town  with  5,000 
inhabs.  The  outer  town,  about  3  m.  in 
circ,  is  entered  by  4  gates,  &  has  two 
princip.  thoroughfares  running  parallel 
to  each  other.  The  city  is  subdivided 
into  dists.,  each  enclosed  with  walls,  & 
capable  of  being  shut  off  from  the  rest  so 
as  to  form  a  separate  fortress.  Streets 
intricate,  often  too  narrow  for  two  horse- 
men to  pass  each  other.  Houses  in  gen- 
eral 2  or  3  stories  high,  built  of  sun-dried 
bricks  &  wood,  &  with  flat  roofs.  Out- 
side of  the  city  are  the  tombs  of  the  Em- 
peror Baber,  who  made  Cabool  his  cap., 
&  of  Timour-Shah,  the  latter  being  an 
octagon  of  brick  surmounted  by  a  cupola. 
Cabool  has  an  active  trade.  It  has  con- 
siderable mkts.  for  corn,  cattle,  &  fuel,  & 
is  famous  in  the  B.  for  its  excellent  sup- 
■  ply  of  vegetables  &  fruits.  The  inhabs. 
are  tall,  well  made,  not  very  dark,  &  have 
Jewish  features.  They  are  Mohamme- 
dans- of  the  Sonnee  sect.  The  higher 
classes  speak  Persian,  the  common  people 
the  Pushtoo  dialect. 

Cabot,  p-t.,  Caledonia  co.  Vt. ;  drained 
by  Onion  r.     P.  1,440. 

Cabra,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Cordova. 
P.  11,576.  It  has  a  college,  &  manufs. 
of  tiles,  bricks,  linens,  &  soap.  Its  neigh- 
borhood is  volcanic,  &  produces  wine  of 
superior  quality.  Sev.  small  towns  in 
Spain,  a  vill.  of  Central  Africa,  &  of  one 
of  the  Nicobar  isls.  have  this  name. 

Cabras,  a  vill.  in  the  isl.  Sardinia,  div. 
Cagliari.     P.  3,392. 

Cabrera,  one  of  the  Balearic  isls.  in 
the  Mediterranean,  9  m.  S.  Majorca. 

Cacapaba,  a  town  of  Brazil,  cap.  dist. 
same  name,  prov.  S.  Pedro  do  Rio  Grande. 
P.  3,000. 

Caccamo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  intend.  Pa- 
lermo.    P.  6,563. 

Cacoavone,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Sannio.     P.  2,543. 

Cachab,  a  territ.  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  in  Further  India.  Area, 
6,507  sq.  m.  P.  70,000.  Surface  mostly 
mntnous.  In  the  S.  are  some  fertile 
plains,  but  most  part  of  the  country  is 


148 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[CAE 


untilled.  Chf.  riv.  the  Barak.  Rice, 
cotton,  &  sugar  are  raised. 

Caceres,  a. town  of  Spain,  cap.  prov. 
formed  of  the  N.  part  of  Estremadura, 
on  small  river  of  same  name.  P.  9,521. 
It  has  a  royal  court,  a  fine  convent  & 
college,  a  large  hospital,  &  some  Roman 
antiqs.,  with  flour  &  fulling  mills,  &  dye- 
works. II.  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  New 

Grantida,  prov.  Popayan. 

Caceees  (Nueva),  a  town  of  the  Phi- 
lippines, cap.  prov.  S.  Camarines,  in  the 
isl.  of  Luzon.  P.  12,000.  It  is  well 
built,  &  is  the  resid.  of  an  alcalde  &  a 
bishop. 

Cachao,  the  largest  city  of  Anani, 
S.E.  Asia,  cap.  prov.  Tonquin,  on  the 
Tonquin  riv.  P.  100,000.  7  (Crawfurd.) 
It  is  of  great  extent,  defended  by  a  bam- 
boo stockade.  Streets  wide  &  paved. 
Public  edifices  comprise  one  royal  palace 
&  the  ruins  of  another.  Though  its  riv. 
is  navigable  only  for  small  vessels,  it  has 
considerable  trade. 

Cache,  t.,  Greene  co.  Ark.  P.  804. 
— II.  t.,  Monroe  co.  Ark. 

Cached,  a  town  of  W.  Africa,  Sene- 
gambia,  Portuguese  territ.,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Cacheo  river. 

Cachoeira,  a  populous  &  commercial 
city  of  Brazil,  prov.  Bahia,  on  the  river 
Paraguacu,  cap.  Comarca,  of  same  name, 
&  seat  of  an  elect,  college.  Chf.  exports, 
tobacco  &  coffee.     Pop.  of  dist.  15,000. 

■ II.  prov.  S.  Pedro  do  G-rande,  220  m. 

N.W.  Rio  Grande. III.  a  new  fortfd. 

town,  prov.  Para.     P.  4,000. 

Cacongo,  a  town  of  W.  Africa,  S.  Gui- 
nea, Angola. 

Cadalen,  a  CO  mm.  &  town  of  France, 
.dep.  Tarn.     P.  2,206. 

CADAQ.UBS,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Gerona. 

Caddo,  pa..  La.,  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
the  state,  between  Rod  &  Sabine  rivs. ; 
level  &  moderately  fertile.    It  has  Caddo 

lake.     P.  8,884.      Cap.  Shreveport. 

II.  t.;  Clark  CO.  Ark. 

Caddo  Cove,  t.,  Hot  Springs  co.  Ark. 

Cadeac,  a  comhi.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Pyrenees,  on  the  Nesle.  It  has 
hot  sulph.  springs  &  baths. 

Cadenet,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Vaucluse.  P.  2,595.  Around  it  are 
many  Roman  antiquities. 

Cadereita,  a  town  of  the  Me.xican 
confed.,  dep.,  42  m.  E.  Queretaro.  P. 
4,000.  In  its  vicinity  silver  mines  are 
worked.  > 

Cader-Idhis,  the  loftiest  mntn.  in 
"Wales,  after  Snowdon,  co.  Merioneth.  It 
ascends  precipitously  to  2,914  ft.  in  elev. 


Caderousse,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Vaucluse,  on  the  Rhone. 
P.  1,809. 

Cadiere  (La),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Var,  &  10  m.  N.W.  Toulon. 
P.  1,340. 

Cadillac  (La),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Gironde,  on  the  Garonne. 
P.  1,967. 

Cadiz,  a  fortfd.  city  of  Spain,  cap. 
prov.  of  same  name,  formed  of  the  S.W. 
part  of  Andaluoia,  on  the  Atlantic  ocean, 
at  the  extrem.  of  a  penins.  of  the  isl.  of 
Leon,  the  narrow  isthmus  of  which  forms 
an  immense  bay.  P.  53,922.  It  is  a 
fortress  of  the  first  order ;  is  surrounded 
by  walls  &  defended  by  batteries.  The 
harb.  formed  by  a  mole  projecting  iuto 
the  bay,  is  accessible  only  to  small  ves- 
sels, &  ships  of  large  burden  anchor  J  m. 
from  the  shore  ;  its  trade  has  greatly 
declined  since  the  emancipation  of  the 
Spanish  colonies. II.  p-t.,  cap.  Har- 
rison CO.  0.   P.  1,366. III.  p-v.,  Trigg 

CO.   Ky.,   on  Little  riv.     Some  trade  in 

tobacco. IV.  (Bay  of),  an  extensive 

inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  on  the  S.W.  coast 
of  Spain,  prov.  Cadiz.  It  has  everywhere  - 
good  anchorage,  &  along  its  shores  are 
some  excellent  harb's.  In  the  islet  La 
Carraca,  on  its  B.  side,  are  arsenals  & 
ship-building  yards,  the  most  important 
in  the  kgdm.,  &  among  the  best  in  Eur. 

Cadore,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  on  the 
Piave.  P.  2,000.  Celeb,  as  the  birth- 
place of  Titian. 

Cadsand,  an  isl.,  Netherlands,  prov. 
Zeeland,  at  the  mouth  of  the  "W.  Scheldt, 
&  having  on  it  a  small  town  of  same 
name.     P.  1,156. 

Caen,  a  city  of  France,  cap.  dep.  Cal- 
vados, &  9  m.  from  the  English  channel, 
on  the  Orne.  P.  38,267.  It  is  a  hand- 
some city,  &  has  a  university  academy, 
&•  a  chamber  of  commerce,  a  college, 
normal  school,  &  school  of  hydrography, 
&  a  rich  public  library.  The  chf.  edifices 
are  the  hOtel-de-ville,  palace  of  justice, 
&  the  hospital  with  mineral  springs.  It 
has  manufs.  of  lace,  blonde,  black  &  white 
crape,  &  cutlery.  Caen  has  an  extensive 
maritime  commerce,  especially  with 
America. 

Caehleon,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl.,  co. 
Monmouth,  on  the  Usk. 

Caermarthen,  a  maritime  co.  of  S. 
Wales,  on  Bristol  channel.   Area,  623,360 

acres. '   P.    106,326. II.    cap.  of  the 

above  co.,  on  the   navigable  riv.  Towy, 
180  m.  W.  by  N.  London.     P.  9,526. 

Caernarvon,  a  marit.  co.of  N.Wales, 
on  the    Menai  straits.      Area,   348,160. 


CAl] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER, 


149 


The  most  extensive  &  valuable  slate 
quarries  in  Great  Britain  are  in  this  co. 

P.  81,093. II.  cap.  of  the  above  co.,  on 

the  Menai  strait,  7  m.  from  the  celeb. 
Menai  bridge,   &  205  m.  N.W.  London. 

P.  8,001. III.  t.,  Berks  CO.  Penn. 

IV.  t.,  Lancaster  co.  Penn.     P.  1,590. 

Cesar's  Creek,  t.,  Green  co.  0.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Little  Miami.     P.  1,736. 

C.ESAREA,  2  towns  of  Asiatic  Turkey. 

Cagayan,  an  extens.  prov.  of  the  isl. 
of  Luzon,  at  the  N.  extrem.  of  the  isl. 
-p.  58,580. 

Cagayan-Sooloo,  an  isl.  of  Asiatic 
archip.,  in  the  Sooloo  sea. 

Cagayanes,  a  group  of  small  isls.  in 
the  Sooloo  sea. 

Caggiano,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
princip.  Citra.     P.  3,200. 

Cagli,  a  town  of  Italy,  Pontif.  sta..  at 
the  confl.  of  the  JBosso  &  Cantiano.  P. 
9,617.  It  has  an  active  trade  in  tanned 
&  dressed  leather. 

Cagliari,  a  marit.  city,  &  the  cap.  of 
the  isl.  of  Sardinia,  on  an  extensive  bay 
of  its  S.  coast.  P.  27,989.  Th^  ancient 
city,  on  the  summit  of  a  low  hill,  com- 
prises the  citadel,  viceregal  palace,  cathe- 
dral, &  most  of  the  residences  of  the  no- 
bility. The  Marina,  extending  thence 
down  to  the  shore,  is  a  well-built  quarter, 
containing  thB  dwellings  of  most  of  the 
merchants  &  foreign_  consuls.  Cagliain 
has  about  30  churchf's,  upwards  of  20 
convents,  several  hospitals,  a  female 
orphan  asylum,  a  public  library,  college, 
mint,  several  museums,  &  prisons  for 
galley  slaves.  Its  harbor  is  one  of  the 
safest  in  the  Mediterranean.     Cagliari 

has  a  royal  tobacco  factory. II.  (Bay 

of),  a  bay  of  the  Mediterranean,  on  the 
S.  coast  of  the  isl.  of  SarUinia,  between 
Capes  Pula  &  Carbonara.  It  affords  se- 
cure anchorage. 

Cagnano,   2  towns   of  Naples. 1. 

prov.  Capitanata.    P.  4,030. II.  prov. 

Abruzzo-Ult.     P.  2,180. 

Cagnes,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Var.     P.  2,036. 

Cagsana,  a  town  of  the  Philippines, 
near  the  S.  extremity  of  the  isl.  Luzon. 
P.  12,755. 

Cagua  &  Caguan,  2  towns  of  S.  Amer.; 
the  former,  Venezuela,  dep.  prov.  Cara- 
cas. P.  5,200.  The  latter.  New  Granada, 
dep.  Cundinamarca,  on  the  Cagnan  riv. 

Cahaba,  riv.,  Ala.,    a  branch  of  the 

Alabama  ;  120  m.  long. II.  p-v.,  cap. 

Dallas  CO.  Ala.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  Ala- 
bama riv. 

Cahete,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov.  Minas 
Geraes.    P.  6,000. 


Cahir,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland,  co.  Tip- 
perary,  on  the  Suir.     P.  3,668. 

Cahirciveen,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co. 
Kerry.     P.  1,492. 

Cahirconree,  a  mntn.  of  Ireland,  co. 
Kerry,  on  the  isthmus  betw.  Tralee  bay 
&  Casllemains  harbor.  Height  2,784  ft. 
II.  or..  111.,  branch  of  the  Mississippi. 

Cahoes  Falls,  on  the  Mohawk  riv. 
The  falls  are  70  ft.  perpendicular ;  the 
banks  below  formed  by  perpendicular 
rocks  about  100  ft.  high. 

Cahokia,  p-v.,  St.  Clair  co.  HI.,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  Mississippi  r. ;  an  old  French 
settlement. 

Cahors,  a  town  of  France,  cap.  dep. 
Lot,  on  a  rocky  penins.,  almost  enclosed 
by  the  riv.  Lot.  P.  10,594.  Principal 
edifices,  a  cathedral,  public  library,  con- 
taining 12,000  vols.,  &  three  remarkable 
towers  on  one  of  the  bridges.  Cahors  is 
the  seat  of  a  university  academy,  &  a 
national  college.  It  has  manufs.  of 
woollens,  cotton  yarn,  leather,  paper, 
glass  wares ;  an  active  trade  in  full-bodied 
red  wines,  brandy,  truifles,  &  rural  pro- 
duce; 

Cahuzac,  several  vills.  of  France. 

Caicos,  four  of  the  Bahama  isls.,  with 
some  islets  &  rocks,  on  a  bank  in  the  At- 
lantic, between  lat.  21°  &  22  °N.,  &  about 
Ion.  72°  W.  The  principal  are  the  Great, 
Little,  &  North  Keys,  &  Providence  isl. ; 
the  first  named  is  30  m.  in  length.  [Ba- 
hamas.] 

Cailloma,  a  town  of  South  Amer.,  S. 
Peru,  dep.  Cuzco. 

Cain,  t.,  Fountain  co.  la. 

Ca  Ika,  p-v.,  Cumberland  co.  Va.,  on 
Willis's  r. 

Cairn,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Scotland,  co. 
Wigton,  on  Loch  Ryan. 

Cairngorm,  a  mntn.  of  Scotland,  cos. 
BanflF  &  Moray,  4,095  ft.  above  the  sea. 

Cairo,  capital  city  of  Egypt,  residence 
of  the  viceroy  &  seat  of  government,  near 
the  rt.  b.  of  the  Nile,  &  5  m.  from  the 
origin  of  its  Delta.  Pop.,  including  the 
suburbs,  250,000,  comprising  about  125,- 
000  Mohammedans,  60,000  Copts,  3,000 
to  4,000  Jews,  &  numerous  foreigners. 
Climate  healthy  &  little  variable.  It 
never  snows  &  very  seldom  rains,  but  dew 
is  abundant.  The  city  proper  is  built  on 
a  slope  at  the  foot  of  one  of  the  lowest 
ridges  of  the  chain  of  Jebel  Mokkatam, 
&  occupies  an  area  of  about  3  sq.  m. ;  it 
is  surrounded  by  old  walls,  &  the  highest 
part  of  the  ridge  is  occupied  by  a  citadel, 
which  contains  the  palace  of  the  vice- 
roy, the  arsenal,  mint,  &  public  oflaces. 
Cairo   is   divided    into    several   distinct 


150 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[OAL 


quarters  according  to  the  religion  &  race 
of  its  inhabitants,  as  the  Coptic  quarter, 
Jew's  quarter,  &  Frank  quarter,  which 
are  separated  by  gates.  The  streets  are 
narrow,  crooked,  ill-paved,  &  unfit  for 
the  passage  of  carriages  ;  the  houses  are 
substantial,  &  often  lofty.  The  city  is 
traversed  by  a  canal  of  irrigation,  which 
commences  at  Old  Cairo.  The  remark- 
able edifices  of  Cairo,  which  comprise 
many  of  the  finest  remains  of  Arabian 
architecture,  all  date  from  the  reign  of 
the  Arabs,  &  the  anc.  sultans  of  Egypt. 
Among  these  are  from  3  to  400  mosques. 
In  the  isl.  of  Rodah  is  the  celeb.  Nilo- 
meter,  a  graduated  column  for  indica- 
ting the  height  of  the  water  during  an 
inundation  of  the  riv. ;  numerous  ancient 
cisterns  &  baths  still  ornament  the  city  ; 
on  the  S.,  outside  the  walls,  are  the  cele- 
brated tombs  of  the  Mamelukes,  &  on  the 
N.E.  the  obelisk  of  Heliopolis.  There 
are  four  prim,  schools  in  Cairo,  a  mag- 
netic observatory,  a  European  theatre, 
several  hospitals,  &  a  lunatic  asylum. 
Cairo  was  long  the  chief  entrepot  for  the 
commerce  of  Egypt,  but  its  trade  has 
much  declined.  [Boulac]  [Egypt.] 
Cairo  was  founded  by  the   Arabs  about 

A.D.  970. II.  p-t.,   Greene  co.  N.  Y., 

watered  by  Catskill  cr.     P.  2,862.- 

III.  p-v.,  Sumner  co.  Tenn. IV.  p-v., 

Alexandria  co.  111.  on  the  point  of  land 
formed  by  the  junction  of  the  0.  with  the 
Miss,  river.     An  important  location  but 

liable  to  be  overflowed. V.  a  town  of 

Piedmont,  div.  Genoa.     P.  3,492. 

Caistoe,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Lincoln.     P.  2,033. 

Caithness,  the  most  northerly  co. 
of  Scotland.  Area,  616  sq.  miles.  P. 
38,542. 

Cajano,  a  town  of  Tuscany  in  the  Val 
Ombrone.     P.  1,425. 

'Cajahc,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Erance, 
dep.  Lot.    P.  1,074. 

Cajazzo,  an  anc.  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
T.-di-Lavoro.     P.  3,520. 

Cajou,  a  branch  of  the  Mahanuddy 
riv.,  Hindostan. 

Calabar  (Old),  a  river  of  Africa, 
Upper  Guinea,  which  falls  into  the  bight 
.  of  Biafra  by  a  wide  estuary. 

Calabozo,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  Vene- 
zuela.    P.  4,000. 

Calabria,  the  S.  part  of  the  kgdm.  of 
Naples.  Area,  7,200  sq.m.  P.  1,083,632. 
It  forms  a  long  peninsula,  and  is  trav- 
ersed throughout  by  the  Apennines, 
which  rise  to  an  elev.  of  3,000  or  4,000 
feet.  Chief  products,  wine,  silk,  &  oil, 
wheat,  rice,  olives,  oranges,  lemons,  & 


saffron ;  cotton  &  the  sugar-cane  are  cul- 
tivated.    Silk  is  the  staple  manuf. 

Calaceite,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
P.  2,600.     Chief  industry  linen  weaving. 

Calaf,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Barce- 
lona. P.  2,794.  It  has  manufs.  of 
linens. 

Calahorea,  a  city  of  Spain,  prov.  Lo- 
gronoj  on  the  Ebro.  P.  5,820.— — II.  a 
town  in  the  prov.,  of  Granada.     P.  2,050. 

Calais,  a  seaport  town  of  France,  cap. 
cant.,  dep.  Pas- de-Calais,  on  the  strait 
of  Dover.  P.  10,673.  The  town  &  har- 
bor are  defended  by  a  castle  &  several 
forts,  &  by  means  of  sluices  the  whole 
adjacent  country  may  be  laid  under 
water.  Calais  is  regularly  built  &  clean. 
In  the  great  square  are  the  town-hall,  & 

an  elegant  belfry,  118  ft.  in  height. 

II.  t.,  Washington  co.  Me.,  on  the  St. 
Croix  r.  Falls  in  the  river  here  afford 
extensive  water  power.     The  tide  rises 

20  feet  at  this  point.     P.  4,749. III. 

p-t.,  Washington  co.  Vt..     P.  1,709. 

IV.  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
cap.  arrond.  dep.  Sarthe,  on  the  Anille. 
P.  3,021.  It  has  a  comm.  college,  &  ma- 
nufs. of  woollen  &  cotton  cloths. 

Calaisis,  a  dist.  of  France,  in  the  old 
prov.  of  Picardy. 

Calamianes  Islands,  , a  group,  Asi- 
atic archip.,  Philippines,  about  midway 
between  Mindoro  &  Palawan.  , 

Calamo,  a  small  island  of  the  Ionian 
group,  between  Sta.  Maura  &  the  conti- 
nent.  II.  a  small  island  of  Asia- 
Minor. 

Calamota,  a  small  island  of  S.  Dal- 

matia,  in  the  Adriatic.     P.  300. II.  a 

town  of  Greece,  Morea. 

Calanca,  a  valley  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Grisons,  Detween  the  Val  Blegno  & 
the  Val  Misocco. 

Calanda,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Teruel. 
P.  3,576. 

Calang,  a  town,  Malay  penins.,  state 
Salangore,  on  the  riv.  Calang.  Near  it 
are  some  tin  mines. 

Calanna,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov- 
ince Calab.     P.  1,120. II.  a  town  of 

Central  Africa,  cap.  kingdom  of  Tim- 
buctoo. 

Calapan,  a  maritime  town  of  the 
Philippine  islands,  cap.  the  island  of  Min- 
doro, on  its  N.E.  coast,  in  the  Str.  of 
Mindoro.     P.  2,790. 

Calata  Bellota,  a  town  of  Sicily, 
intend.  Girgenti,  on  riv.  of  same  name. 
P.  2,000. 

Calata  Fimi,  a  town  in  N.W.  of  Sicily, 
in  a  fertile  valley.     P.  10,000. 

Calata  Gieone,  an  episcop.  city  of 


cal] 


UJJIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


151 


Sicily,  prov.  Catania.  This  is  one  of  the 
most  industrious  &  commercial  towns  in 
the  island.     P.  22,000. 

Calatanazor,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Soria,  celeb,  for  the  victory  of  Almanzor 
over  the  Christians  about  a.d.  1001. 
P.  1,300. 

Calata  Scibetta,  a  town  of  Sicily, 
near  its  centre.    P.  4,788. 

Calatavuturo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  prov. 
Palermo.     P.  4,000. 

Calatayud,  a  town  of  Spain  on  1.  b. 
of  the  Jaion,  prov.  Zaragoza.  P.  8,579. 
It  has  an  imposing  external  appearance, 
but  is  dilapidated  <fc  dull.  Chief  manufs., 
common  woollens,  brown  paper,  &  leather. 
Provisions  are  cheap,  &  the  vicinity  is 
fertile.  Near  Calatayud  are  some  miner- 
al springs,  stalactitia  caverns,  &  the  re- 
mains of  Bilbilis,  the  birthplace  of  Mar- 
tial. 

Calatrava  la  ViejAj  a  ruined  city 
of  Spain,  prov.  Ciudad  Real. 

Calayan,  one  of  the  Babuyanes 
islands,  Asiatic  archip. 

Calboco,  or  El  Fuerte,  a  small  town 
of  Chile,  S.  Amer.,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the 
isl.  Chiloe.     P.  2,500. 

Calcahcen,  a  town  of  Yucatan,  Cent. 
Amer. 

Calcar,  a  small  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  on  the  Rhine.     P.  1,900. 

Calcasieu,  pa.,  La.,  in  the  W.  part  of 
the  state,  between  Mesmenten  &  Sabine 
rs.  Contains  5,000  sq.  m.  Coursed  by 
Calcasieu  r.      P.  3,914.      Cap.   Lisbon. 

II.  r.,  in  the  W.  part  of  La.,  forming 

a  lake  30  m.  wide  in  its  course,  but  finally 
contracting  empties  into  the  gulf  of  Mexi- 
co.    Too  shallow  for  nav. 

Calcinato,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  on 
the  Chiese.     P.  3,000. 

Calcio,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  deleg. 
Bergamo.     P.  3,000. 

Calcutta,  a  city  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid.  &  prov.  Bengal,  &  the  cap.  of  the 
British  dom.  in  the  east,  on  the  1.  b.  of 
the  Hooghly  riv.,  an  arm  of  the  Ganges, 
&  100  m.  from  the  bay  of  Bengal.  P. 
229,700.  It  extends  for  6  m.  along  the 
river,  is  enclosed  on  the  land  side  by  a 
mound  &  a  canal,  termed  the  Mahratta 
ditch,  &  is  divided  into  the  native  quar- 
ter or  "  Black  town,"  on  the  N. ;  &  the 
European  quarter,  or  "  Chowringhee," 
on  the  S.  It  presents  externally  a  fine 
appearance.  The  government  ho.,  which 
cost  40,000Z.,  is  a  showy  palace.  The  na- 
tive town  is  a  filthy  place,  with  narrow 
streets,  an  abundance  of  pagodas,  &  num. 
pools ;  in  its  principal  square  is  a  large 
tank  60  ft.  in  depth.    Calcutta  is  the  seat 


of  the  superior  civil  &  criminal  courts 
for  the  Bengal  presid. ;  of  Hindoo,  Mo- 
hammedan, Sanscrit,  &  Anglo-Indian 
colleges ;  the  Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal, 
public  library,  medical,  agricultural, 
commercial,  biJDle,  missionary,  &  other 
associations,  &  many  private  seminaries. 
The  Hooghly,  here  about  1  m.  across  at 
high  water,  is  usually  crowded  with  ship- 
ping ;  &  Calcutta  is,  next  to  Canton,  the 
greatest  emporium  of  the  East.  The 
great  bulk  of  the  pop.  consists  of  native 
Hindoos  &  Mohammedans,  of  about  3,000 
EngUsh  &  5,000  half-castes,  about  3,000 
Portuguese,  &  the  remainder  Erench, 
Armenians,  Jews,  Persians,  Chinese.  In 
1698,  the  seat  of  the  East  India  Com- 
pany's factory  was  removed  from  Hoogh- 
ly to  Calcutta,  previously  to  which  Cal- 
cutta was  an  inconsiderable  village  sur- 
rounded with  jungle.  In  1756,  an  attack 
was  made  on  the  English  factory  by  the 
natives,  &  146  Englishmen  were  shut  up 
in  the  black  hole,  of  whom  118  died  be- 
fore morning. 

Caldas,  several  small  towns  of  Spain 
&  Portugal,  so  named  from  their  warm 
springs. 

Caldas,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov.  Minas- 
Geraes.  comm.  Sapucahi,  with  a  school 
of  primarv  instruction,  &  hot  sulphur 
springs.     P.  of  dist.  2,000. 

Caldera,  a  small  town  of  S.  Amer., 

Plata  confed.,  dep.  Salta. II.  a  seaport 

of  Chile,  prov.  Coquimbo,  on  the  Pacific. 

III.    a   seaport  of  Hayti,  on  its  S. 

coast. IV.  a  seaport  of  Costa- Rica,  oa 

the  Pacific,  extremely  unhealthy. 

Caldewgate,  a  suburb  of  the  city  of 
Carlisle,  Engl.,  co.  Cumberland.  P.  5,528. 

Caldiero,  a  vilL  of  N.  Italy,  gov. 
Venice. 

Caldwell,  co.,  Texas.    P.  1,329. 

II.  CO.,  N.  C,  in  the  N.AY.  part  of  the 
state,  drained  by  the  Yadkin.     P.  6,317. 

Cap.   Lenoir. III.    pa.,   La.,  on   the 

Washita  r.  On  one  side  of  the  r.  soil  al- 
luvial ;   on  the  other  surface  hilly.    P. 

2,815.  Cap.  Columbia. IV.co.,  Ky.,on 

the  Tenn.  r.  &  coursed  by  the  Cumberland. 
P.  13,048.  Cap.  Princeton.— V.  co..  Mo.,  in 
the  N.  part  of  the  state,  drained  by  Shoal 
cr.,  &  has  a  good  water-power.  P.  2,316. 

Cap.   Earwest. VI.    p-t.,  Warren  co. 

N.  Y.  P.  752. VII.  t.,  Essex  CO.  N.  J., 

drained  by  tributaries  of  the  Passaic.  P. 
VIII.  p-v.,  Caldwell  pa.,  La. 


Caldy,  a  small  isl.  of  N.  Wales,  co. 
Pembroke. 

Caledon,  a  vill.  Cape  Colony,  S. 
Africa,  dist.  Zwellendam.  It  has  some 
celebrated  mineral  baths. Caledon 


15-2 


CYCLOPEDIA    OP    GEOGRAPHY. 


[CAL 


River,   Hottentot  country. Caledon 

Bay,  N.  Australia,  is  an  inlet  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  gulf  of  Carpentaria. 

Caledon,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
CO.  Tjrone.     P.  1,046. 

Caledonia,  go.,  Vt.,  in  the  N.E.  part 
of  the  state,  on  the  Connecticut.  Green 
mountains  occupy  its  W.  border.  It  con- 
tains granite,  limestone,  &  a  number 
of  sulphur  springs.     P.    2S,085.      Cap. 

Danville. II.    p-t.,     Livingston    co. 

!N.  Y.,  watered  bv  the  Genesee  r.  P. 
1,987. III.   t.,"Shiawas3e  co.  Mich. 

Caledonia  (New),  an  isl.,  S.  Pacific 
ocean,  beiween  lat.  20?  &  22°  30'  S.,  & 
Ion.  164°  .&  167°  E.  Length  N.W.  to 
S.E.,  220  m.,  breadth  30  ui.  Surface 
mountainous,  rising    in    the    centre    to 

nearly  8,000  ft.  in  elevation. 1[.  that 

portion  of  N.  America,  W.  of  the  Pvooky 
mountains,  between  lat.  43^2  &  57°  N. 

Caledonian  Canal,  Scotland,  cos. 
Inverness  &_Argyle,  connects  the  North 
&  Irish  seas.  Length  60§  m.,  of  which 
the  lochs  compose  37J^  m.,  &  the  c.%nal  23 
na.  It  was  begun  in  1805,  &  opened  in 
1822 ;  up  to  the  last  balancing  of  accnts., 
it  had  coii  1,023,629?.,  &  is  still  unfinished. 

Calella,  a  marit.  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Barcelona,  on  the  Mediterranean.  P. 
3,035.        ■  ,  _ 

Calenzana,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  the  isl. 
Corsica,  arrond.  Calvi.     P.  3,437. 

Calf  (The),  a  rock  off  the  coast  of 
Ireland,  co.  Cork,  in  the  Atlantic. 

Calf  of  Man,  a  small  isl.  in  the  Irish 
sea. 

Calhoun,  CO.,  Texas.    P.  1,110. II. 

CO.,  Fla.,  in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  state,  on 
the  gulf  of  Mexico.  Contains  1,100  sq. 
m.     Its  shore  is  a  narrow  strip  of  high 

pine  land.     P.  1,377. IIL  co.,  Mich., 

S.  part  of  the  state,  on  the  St.  Joseph's 
r.,  &  the  head  branches  of  the  Kalamazoo 
riv.  It  has  sand-stone  quarries,  &  ex- 
tensive water-power.  Soilrich.  P.  19,162. 

Cap.  Marshall. IV.  co.,  111.,  in  the  W. 

part  of  the  state,  between  the  Illinois  <fc 
Mississippi  rivs.     P.  3,231.    Cap.  Gilead. 

Cali,  a  town  of  New  Granada,  dep.  &, 
near  riv.  Cauca.     P.  4,000. 

Caliano,  a  town  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  on 
the  Adige,  celeb,  for  the  defeat  of  the 
Venetians  by  the  Austrians  in  1487. 

Calicote,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras. 

Caliconlan,  a  town  of  S.  India,  Tra- 
vancore,  dom. 

Calicut,  a  seaport  town  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Madras,  cap.  dist.  Malabar,  on 
the  Indian  ocean.  P.  25,000.  Though 
it  has  only  an  open  roadstead,  it  was  for 


nearly  2  centuries  the  emporium  of  a 

flourishing  trade. 

Calibogs  Sound,  South  Carolina. 

California,  the  westernmost  state  of 
the  U.  S.  It  lies  on  the  Pacific  ocean, 
between  the  32°  &  42°  N.  Lit.  Settled 
by  Spaniards  in  1769,  it  became  a  part 
of  Mexico  on  the  establishment  of  that 
republic,  by  the  government  of  which  it 
was  ceded  to  the  U.  S.  March  16,  1848, 
admitted  into  the  Union  Sept.  1850.  Its 
area  estim.  at  180,000  sq.  m.  Cnp.  San 
Jose.  The  population  in  1848  was  estim. 
at  33.000.  Since,  it  h;^  rapidlj-  increased 
by  emigration  from  allparts  of  the  world, 
&  is  now  probably  not  far  fr<im  200,000. 
Princip.  rs.  the  Sacramento,  Americii.nos, 
Liis  Plumas,  Bear,  &  the  San  Joachim. 
The  yield  of  go"ld  from  the  mines  of  Cal. 
was,  from  1848  to  the  30th  of  June,  1852, 
$174,780,877.  Rich  mines  of  copp'er, 
quicksilver,  &  lead  ores  are  also  known 
to  e.xist  in  various  localities.  The  sum- 
mits of  the  California  rantns.  attiiin  an 
elev.  of  from  5,000  to  10,000  ft.  E.  of 
these  is  a  vast  desert  plain  composed 
chiefly  of  arid  s:\nd,  with  mntns.  occasion- 
ally rising  to  the  line  of  perpetual  snow. 
Through  the  eastern  part  of  this  country 
flows  the  large  riv.  Colorado.  The  cli- 
mate on  the  coast  of  the  Pacific  is  very 
moist,  &  subject  to  frequent  gales  &  hur- 
ricanes ;  but  a  little  further  inland  it 
becomes  very  serene,  mild,  &  healthy. 
From  November  to  April  is  the  rainy 
season,  but  snow  rarely  falls  e.xcept  on 
the  mountain  tops.  The  summer  is  hot, 
with  little  or  no  rain,  but  copious  dews. 
Coal  has  been  found  in  two  or  three  local- 
ities. All  the  fruits  of  Europe,  from  the 
apple  to  the  orange,  grow  luxuriantly,  & 
the  vine  of  Europe  thrives  here  to  such 
a  degree,  that  New  California  may  here- 
after become  tin  important  wine-growing 
country ;  large  quantities  of  brandy  are 
also  made  from  a  native  grape.  Oak, 
elm,  ash,  plane,  &  pine  timber  is  plentiful. 
Wheat,  olives,  flax,  hemp,  potatoes,  & 
kitchen  herbs  thrive  well.  Live  stock 
can  be  reared  in  untold  numbers.  In' 
May,  1848,  on  the  fa!rm  of  Captain  Sut- 
ter, New  Helvetia,  on  the  banks  of  the 
Sacramento  river,  a  short  distance  from 
the  bay  of  San  Francisco,  the  discovery 
of  the  existence  of  gold  was  made.  The 
discovery  was  accidentally  made  in  the 
gravelly  bottom  of  a  mill-lead ;  and, 
subsequently,  gold  in  the  form  of  grains, 
scales,  &  masses,  has  been  found  to  pre- 
vail abundantly  in  the  soil  &  shingly 
beds  of  the  Sacramento,  &  in  its  tribu- 
taries, including  an  area  of  several  hun- 


cal] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


153 


dred  sq.  m.  The  bay  of  San  Francisco, 
in  this  state,  forms  a  spacious  harbor. 
Geographically,  the  position  of  California 
is  one  of  the  best  in  the  world ;  lying  on 
the  coast  of  the  Pacific,  fronting  Asia,  on 
the  line  of  an  American  road  to  Asia,  & 
possessed  of  advantages  to  give  full  eifect 
to  its  grand  geographical  position. 

California  (Gulf  of),  an  arm  of  the 
Pacific  ocean,  between  lat.  23°  &  32°  jST. 
Length,  700  m. ;  breadth  varies  from  40 
to  100  m.  Its  W.  coasts  are  abrupt,  & 
offer  few  places  of  shelter  ;  E.  coasts  low. 
It  contains  numerous  isls. ;  &  at  its  N. 
extremity  it  receives  the  rivs.  Colorado 
&  Gila.  The  .vills.  Loreto,  La  Paz,  & 
Guaymas  are-  on  its  shores.  Ever  since 
its  discovery,  it  has  been  noted  for  its 
pearl  fishery. 

Calig,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Castel- 
lon-de-la-Plana.     P.  3,020. 

Calimera,  two  towns  of  N"aples. 1. 

prov.  Otranto.    P.  1,600. II.  Calabria, 

Ult.  II.     P.  500. 

Calimere  (Point),  a  cape  on  the  coast 
of  India. 

Calingapatam,  a  seaport  town,  Brit. 
India,  presid.  Madras,  on  the  bay  of 
Bengal. 

Cahtri,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  prin- 
cip.  Ult.,  near  the  Ofanto.     P.  5,000. 

Calizzano,  a  vill.  of  the  Sardinian 
states,  div.  Genoa.     P.  2,432. 

Calkin,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov.  E. 
Flanders,  on  the  Scheldt.     P.  4,950. 

Callac  &  Callas,  two  small  towns  of 
France,  dep.  Cotes-du-ISrord.      P.  1,038. 

II.  dep.  Var,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,980. 

.Callacand,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid  Madras.' 

Callacoil,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid  Madras,  dist.  Madura. 

Callan,  a  munic.  bor.  &  market  town 
of  Ireland,  Leinster  co.,  on  King's  river, 
Kilkenny.  P.  3,611,  of  whom  1,000  are 
said  to  have  no  regular  employment. 
The  town  is  a  miserable  assemblage  of 
filthy  hovels. 

Callao,  a  town  of  N.  Peru,  dep.  Lima, 
of  which  it  is  the  port,  on  the  Pacific,  in 
lafc.  12°  S.  P.  20,000.  It  is  ill  built,  but- 
important — as  its  castle  is  the  key  of 
Lima ;  &  its  roadstead,  sheltered  by  the 
isl.  San  Lorenzo,  is  the  best  on  the  Peru- 
vian coast. 

Callao,  an  isl.  of  Further  India,  in 
the  China  sea,  opposite  the  coast  of  Co- 
ohiii  China.  It  has  a  peak  about  1,400 
ft.  in  height. 

Callas,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Var,  arrond.    P.  1,980. 

Callaway,  ec,  Ky.,  in  the  W.  part  of 
7* 


the  state,  on  the  Tenn.  riv.     P.  8,096, 

Cap.  Wadesboro'. II.  co..  Mo.,  in  the 

central  part  of  the  state,  on  the  Mo.  riv. 
Drained  by  several  creeks.  Soil  excel- 
lent.    P.  2,316.     Cap.  Fulton. 

Calle  (La),  the  most  E.  town  &  sea- 
port of  Algeria,  on  a  penins.  in  the  Med- 
iterranean, 300  m.  B.  Algiers.  P.  400. 
It  is  the  chief  seat  of  the  French  coral 
fishery. 

Calliagna,  a  seaport  vill.,  isl.  St.  Vin- 
cent, Brit.  W.  Indies,  having  the  best 
harb.  in  the  island. 

Callian,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Var.     P.  1,600. 

Callianee,  an  inl.  town  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Bombay.  It  is  populous,  &  has 
some  trade. II.  a  town,  Nizam's  dom. 

Calhano,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  prov. 
Casale.     P.  2,630. 

Calligray,  smalLisl.  of  the  Hebrides. 

Callinger,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  on  a  table-land,  1,200  ft. 
above  the  adjacent  plain^.  • 

Callier,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Pomerania, 
reg.  Coslin.     P.  2,790. 

Callington,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Cornwall. 

Calloo,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  on  the 
Scheldt.     P.  2,229. 

Callosa,  two    towns  of   Spain. 1. 

[de  Ensarria),  prov.  Alicante.  P.  4,328. 
-II.  {de  Segura).     P.  2,904. 

Calmina,  a  town  of  N.  Guinea,  Africa, 
kingdom  Dahomey,  usual  residence  of 
the  king,  &  said  to  have  15,000  inhabs. 

Calmpthout,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Bel- 
glum,  prov.  Antwerp,  with  breweries,  tan- 
neries, &  oil  mills.     P.  2,258. 

Calne,  a  town  of  Eiigland,  co.  Wilts. 

Galore,  two  rivs.  of  Naples ;  one  in 
the  prov.  princip.  Ultra ;  the  other,  in 
princip.  Citra. 

Calosso,  a  vill.  of  the  Sardinian  states, 
Piedmont,  prov.  Asti.     P.  2,107. 

Calpentyn,  a  long  narrow  penins.  of 
Ceylon,  on  its  W.  coast,  &  which  during 
the  N.E.  monsoon  becomes  an  isl. 

Calsi,  a  vill.  &  mart  of  N.  Hindostan, 
cap.  dist.  Gurhwal,  at  the  confl.  of  the 
Jumna  &  Tonse. 

Caltanisetta,  a  city  of  Sicily,  cap. 
intend.  P.  15,700.  In  its  vicinity  are 
mineral  springs  &  e.xten.  sulphur  works, 

Caltura,  a  seaport  town  of  Ceylon, 
on  its  W.  coast,  with  an  active  trade  in 
arrack. 

Oaluire,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Rhone.     P.  5,048. 

Calumet,  county.  Wis.  lies  along  Lake 

Winnebago.     P.  1,743. II.  t..  Pike  co. 

Mo.    P.  2,743. 


154 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[cam 


Calvados,  a  marit.de p.  on  the  N-W. 
of  France,  formed  of  part  of  the  old  prov. 
of  Lr.  Normandy.  Area,  2,200  sq.  miles. 
P.  491,210,  cap,  Caen.  Surface  hilly  in 
the  S.,  with  extensive  plains  &  fertile 
valleys.  Climate  temperate  ;  the  soil  is 
well- watered. 

Calvary,  t.,  Franklin  co.  Mo.    P.  779. 

Calvello,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Basilieata.     P.  6,400. 

Calvert  Island,  British  N.  America, 
on  its  W.  coast. II.  Calvert  Isls.,  Pa- 
cific ocean,  in  lat.  8°  55' N. 

Calvert,  county,  Md.  in  the  S.  part 
of  the  state,  on  Chesapeake  bay.  P.  9,046. 
Cap.  Prince  Fredericktown. 

CalvI;  a  seaport  town  of  Corsica,  cap. 
arrond.,  on  a  penins.  in  the  gulf  of  Calvi. 
P.  1,457.  It  has  a  good  harbor  &  road- 
stead.  II.  a  decayed  town  of  Naples, 

prov.  T.-di-Lavoro. 

Calvin,  t.,  Cass  co.  Mich. 

Calvisano,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Lom- 
bardy,  deleg.  Brescia.     P.  2,700. 

Calvisson,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gard.     P.  2,593. 

Calvizzano,  a  vill.  of  S.  Italy,  prov. 
Naples.     P.  2,110. 

Calw,  a  town  of  S.  Germany,Wurtem- 
berg,  circ.  Black  Forest,  on  the  Nagold. 
P.  4,190. 

Calzada,  a  tovra  of  Spain,  prov.  Ciii- 
dad-Real.     P.  2,480. 

Cam,  a  river  of  Engl.,  rises  in  Essex, 
flows  N.E.-ward  through  co.  Cambridge, 
&  after  a  course  of  about  40  m.,  joins  the 
Ouse,  3^  m.  S.  Ely.  Current  sluggish  ; 
navigalale  from  the  Ouse  to  Cambridge. 

II.  a  riv.,  CO.  Glo'ster,  tributary  of 

the  Severn,  which  it  joins  at  Frampton- 

pm. 

Camajore,  a  walled  town  of  Central 
Italy,  deleg.  Lucca.     P.  6J)00. 

Camamu,  a  bay,  island,  &  flourishing 
town  of  Brazil,  prov.  Bahia.     P.  2,000. 

Camana,  a  town  of  S.  Peru,  dep.  Are- 
quipa,  cap.  prov.,  on  the  Camana,  near  its 
mouth  in  the  Pacific.     P.  1,500. 

Camanche,  cap.  Clinton  co.  Iowa,  on 
the  Miss. 

Camarata,  a  town  of  Sicily,  intend. 
Girgenti.     P.  5,200. 

♦     CamarSs,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Avey- 
ron,  on  the  Dourdon.     P.  1,710. 

Camaret,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Finis- 
tere,  with  a  small  port  on  the  Aulne.  P. 
1,000. 

Camargue  (La),  an  isl.  of  France,  dep. 
Bouches-du-RhOne,  formed  by  the  2  arms 
of  the  riv.  Rhone,  at  its  mouth  ;  it  is  of 
a  triangular  shape.  Length,  26  m. ;  mean 
breadth,  11m. 


Camarinas,  a  marit.  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Coruiia,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  bay 
of  Cainarinas,  on  which  it  has  a  harbor. 
P.  1,440. 

Camarota,  a  vill.  of  Naples,  prov. 
princip.  Citra.     P.  2,600. 

Cambay,  a  scajjort  town  of  Hindostan, 
Baroda  dom.,  at  the  head  of  the  gulf  of 
Cambay.  P.  10,000.  It  has  a  curious 
subterraneous  Jain  or'Buddhic  temple,  a 
fine  mosque,  &  sevl.  Hindoo  temples;  but 
a  great  part  of  the  town  is  in  ruins. 

Cambiano,  a  vill.  of  the  Sard,  states, 
near  Turin.     P.  2,425. 

Cambil,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the  Mata- 
vexis.     P.  2,773. 

Cambing,  a  small  island,  Malay  ar- 
chipelago, off  the  N.  coast  of  Timor. 

Cambo,  a  vill.  &  pleasant  watering- 
place  of  France,  dep.  B.  Pyrenees.  P. 
1,373.     . 

Cambrai,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Nord, 
on  the  Scheldt.  P.  18,308.  It  is  the 
seat  of  an  arohbp.,  re-established  1841,  & 
has  a  strong  citadel  ;  a  modern  eathed., 
in  which  is  a  monument  to  Fenelon  ;  a 
handsome  town-hall,  a  comm.  college,  ~& 
a  public  library. 

Cambresis,  an  old  subdivision  of 
French  Flanders,  of  which  Cambray  was 
the  cap. 

Cambria,  county,  in  the  "W.  part  of 
Pa.,  betw.  the  main  branch  of  the  Alle- 
ghany mountains  &    Laurel   ridge.     P. 

17,773. II.  p-t.,    Niagara  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  2,090." III.  t.,  Cambria  co.  Pa.  on 

the  Alleghanies.     P.  1,156. 

Cambridge,  t.,  semi-cap.  of  Middlesex 
CO.  Mass.  This  place  was  settled  in  1631 
under  the  name  of  Newtown.  It  is  the 
seat  of  Harvard  University,  the  oldest 
college  in  the  country,  having  been  foun- 
ded in  1638.  The  usual  county  buildings. 
Harvard  University  has  a  president  & 
27  professors,  or  other  instructors ;  has 
had  5,546  alumni,  of  whom  1,406  have 
been  ministers  of  the  gospel;  has  53,000 

volumes  in  its  libraries.     P.  17,417. 

II.  t.,  Lamoille  co.  Vt.     P.  1,790. IIL 

t.,  Washington  co.  N.  Y.     P.  2,005. 

IV.  t.,  Coos  CO.  N.  H. V.  cap.  Dor- 
chester CO.  Md.,  on  Choptankr.  12  m.  from 
Chesapeake  b.  61  m.  S  E.  AnnapoUs. 

VI.  p-t.,  Lenawee  CO.  Mich.     P.  644. 

VII.  t.,  cap.  Guernsey  CO.  0.,  coursed  by 
Wills  cr.  &  the  National  Road.    P.  2,488. 

YIII.  a  pari.  &  munic.  bor.,  &  mkt. 

town  of  England,  cap.  co.  Cambiidge,  & 
seat  of  one  of  the  great  English  univer- 
sities, on  both  sides  the  Cam.  The  town, 
in  an  extensive  flat,  embosomed  amongst 
lofty  trees,  has,  with  few  exceptions  only, 


cam] 


trUIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


155 


narrow,  winding,  &  irregularly  built 
streets  ;  but  its  colleges  are  noble  edifi- 
ces. The  University  of  Cambridge,  sup- 
posed to  have  been  founded  in  the  7th 
century  by  Sigebert,  king  of  East  An- 
glia,  consists  now  of  13  colleges  &  four 
halls. 

Cambridgeshire,  an  inland  co.  of 
Engl,  in  its  E.  part.  Principal  rivs.,  the 
Ouse,  Cam,  Nen,  &  Lark.     P.  191,856. 

Cambeils,  a  seaport  of  Spain,  prov. 
Tarragona.     P.  2,254. 

Cambus,  a  vill.  of  Scotland,  co.  Clack- 
mannan, with  an  extensive  distillery. 

Cameyna,  an  island  of  the  Asiatic 
archip.,  15  m.  S,  Celebes.  L.  20  m., 
br.  15  m. 

Camden,  county,  N.  C,  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  the  state.  Watered  by  Pasquo- 
tank r.      Surface    low   &   marshy.      P. 

6,049.    Cap.  Camden  c.  h. II.  county, 

Ga.,  in  the  S.E.  part  of  the  state,  separ- 
ated from  the  Atlantic  by  Cumberland 
isl.  St.  Mary's  r.,  aloiig  its  border,  has 
a  depth  suf&cient  for  the  largest  vessels. 

P.  6,319.   Cap.  Jeffersonton. III.  p-t., 

Waldo  CO.  Me.,  on  Penobscot  bay,  &  has 
^%pod  harbor.  Consid.  nav.  in  the  coast- 
ing trade  &  the  fisheries.     Some  manu- 

fac.     P.   4,005. IV.   p-t.,   Oneida  co. 

N.  Y.     Drained  by  Fish  cr.     Some  man- 

ufac.     P.  2,331. V.  a  county  of  N.  J., 

on   the   Delaware   riv.      P.    25,422. 

Vr.  port  of  entry  &  cap.  of  Camden  co. 
N.  J.,  on  the  E.  side  of  Del.  r.,  opposite 
Philadelphia.  It  is  divided  into  three 
parts.  Ships  of  the  largest  class  come 
up  to  the  lower  part.     Consid.  manufac. 

&  commerce.      P.  9,479. VII.  a  new 

00.  of  Missouri.    P.  2,338. VIII.  cap. 

Kershaw  Dist.  S.  C,  on  the  E.  bank  of 
the  Wateree  r.  Flat  boats  of  70  tons 
come  to  the  place.  1  m.  from  the  place 
are  the  De  Kalb  mills  &  cotton  fac.  Two 
celebrated  battles  were  fought  here  dur- 
ing the  revolution;  one  between  Gen. 
Gates  &  Lord  Cornwallis,  &  the  other 
between  Gen.  Greene  &  Lord  Eawdon. 
Here  is  a  monument  to  the  memory  of 

Baron  De  Kalb. IX.  c.  h.,  p-v.,  cap. 

Camden   co.  N.  C.      The' usual   county 

buildings. X.    t.,    Lorain   co.    0. 

XI.  a  marit.  co.  of  N.  S.  Wales. 

Camden-Town,  a  suburb  of  London, 
CO.  Middlesex. 

Camelon,  a  vill.  of  Scotland,  co.  Stir- 
ling.    P.  1,340. 

Camel's  Rump,  a  mntn.,  Vermont,  one 
of  the  loftiest  peaks  of  the  Green  mntns. 
Elev.  4,188  feet. 

Camen,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Westphalia. 
P.  2^780. 


Camera-de-Lobos,  a  maritime  vill. 
of  the  isl.  Madeira. 

Cameri,  a  vill.  of  Sard,  states.  Pied- 
mont, prov.  Novara.  P.  (with  com.)  3,840. 

Camerino,  a  city  of  Central  Italy, 
Pontif  sta.,  in  the  Apennines.     P.  5,182. 

Cameron,  Star  &  Webb,  united  coun- 
ties of  Texas.  P.  8,541. II.  p-t.,  Steu- 
ben CO.  N.  Y.  Watered  by  Canisteo  r. 
P.  1,359. 

Cameeoons,  a  riv.  of  Africa,  Upper 
Guinea,  which,  after  a  S.W.  course  of 
uncertain  length,  enters  the  bight  of 
Biafra.  For  40  m.  beyond  the  mangrove 
region,  at  its  mouth,  it  is  about  400  yds. 
in  average  breadth;  depth  in  dry  season 
from  2  to  20  ft.,  but  during  rains  it  is 
navigable  for  ships  of  any  draught. 
About  90  m.  from  the  sea  it  forms  a 
cataract,  as  do  several  of  its  affls.  iu 
passing  through  the  Cameroons  mntns. 

Cape    Cameroons,  on  an  isl.  in  its 

estuary,  was  so  named  by  the  Portuguese 
from  the  vast  quantities  of  shrimps  taken 

in  the  adjacent  sea. Cameroons  Peak, 

culminating  point  of  the  Cameroons 
mnts.,  is  13,000  (7)  ft.  in  elev. 

Cameta,  a  populous  &  flourishing 
town  of  Brazil,  prov.  Para,  on  the  To- 
cantins.  The  dist.  which  was  assigned  to 
Cameta  in  1839,  is  extremely  fertile,  & 
contains  a  pop.  of  20,000  employed  in 
agriculture,  commerce,  &  navigation. 

Camiglen,  an  isl.  of  Asiatic  archip., 
Philippines. 

Camillus,  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y., 
drained  by  Nine  mile  cr.  Gypsum  is 
found  here.     P.  3,957. 

Caminha,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov. 
Minho,*on  the  Minho.     P.  2,520. 

Camisano,  two  small  towns  of  Lom- 
bardy. 

Camlapoor,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras. 

Cammabata,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the 
Val  Mazzara.     P.  5,200. 

Ca:mmin,  two  towns  of  Pruss.  dom. 

Camoghe,  a  mntn.  of  Switzerl.,  can- 
ton Tessin ;  elev.  8,800. 

Camogli,  a  marit.  town  of  Sard,  states, 
on  the  gulf  of  Genoa.     P.  5,809. 

Campagna,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
princip.  Citra,  in  the  middle  of  high 
mntns.     P.,6J50. 

Campagna  di  Roma,  an  old  prov.  of 
the  states  of  the  Church,  Italy,  extend- 
ing along  the  W.  coast  from  Civita 
Vecchia  to  Astura  &  the  Pontine 
marshes,  &  inland  to  the  Alban  &  Sa- 
bine hills.  Rome  being  near  its  centre. 
Length  about  70  m. ;  breadth  varying  to 
40  m.    It  is  an  undulating  region,  rising 


iggj 


156 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[cam 


to  200  ft.  above  the  sea,  &  skirted  on  the 
Mediterr.  by  a  strip  of  marsh-land  from 
2  to  3  m.  in  breadth.  Once  the  richest 
'&  most  populous  country  in  the  world,  it 
is  now  destitute  of  inhabs.,  except  in  a 
few  towns  scattered  over  its  surface,  to 
which  the  laborers  resort  at  night  to 
avoid  the  effects  of  Tnalaria. 

Campagnac,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Aveyron.     P.  1,300. 

Campan,  a  small  town  of  France,  dep. 
H.  Pyrenees,  Bagneres-en-Bigorre,  on 
the  Adour,  in  the  fine  valley  of.  same 
name.     P.  3,442. 

Camp  ANA,  an  isl.  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Patagonia.     L.  55  m.j  av.  br.  10  miles. 

Campana,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Calab.-Citra.  P.  2,400.-- — Gape  Cam- 
panella,  kgdm.  &  20  m."  S.  Naples,  opp. 
the  isl.  Capri. 

Campana  (La),  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Sevilla.    P.  5,374. 

Campanha,  a  modern  city  of  Brazil, 
prov.  Minas  Geraes.     P.  6,000. 

Campar,  a  river  &  town  of  the  isl.  Su- 
matra, on  its  E.  coast. 

Campbell,  county,  Va.,  betw.  James  & 
Staunton  rivs.  Surface  rough,  &  soil 
productive.    P.  23,245.    Cap.  Lynchburg. 

II.  county,  Ga.,  in  the  N.W.  part  of 

the  state,  on  both  sides  of  the  Chatta- 
hoochee riv.  P.  7,232.   Cap.Campbellton. 

III.  county,  Tenn.,  in  the  N.E.  part 

of  the  state,  on  the  Tennessee  riv.  The 
Cumberland  mntns.  cross  its  N.W.  side. 
Here  are  forges,  tanneries,  1  power  mill, 

&  20  distilleries.     P.  6,063. IV.  co., 

Ky.,  in  the  N.  part  of  the  state,  on  the 
0.  riv.     Surface  uneven,  but  soil  fruitful^ 

P.  13,127. V.  t.,  Warwick  CO.  Ja. 

VI.  t.,  Steuben  co.  N.  Y. ;  watered  by 
Conhocton  riv. 

Campbell  Island,  S.  Pacific  ocean,  is 
36  m.  in  circumf.,  mntns.,  &  has  several 
good  harbors.  It  is  volcanic,  &  its  flora 
is  very  interesting. —  Campbell  is  the 
name  of  capes  in  New  Zealand  &  Kussian 
America,  &  a  riv.  in  E.  Australia. 

Campbelton,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotl., 
CO.  Argyle,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  penins. 
Cantire.  Though  not  the  cap.,  this  is  the 
most  important  town  in  the  co.  ;  it  has 
numerous  distilleries  &  malt-houses,  a 
tolerable  harbor,  &  a  good  quay. 

Campbell-town,  adist.,  VanDiemen's 
Land,  enclosed  by  dists.  Launceston, 
Norfolk  Plains,  Clyde,  Oatlands,  Oyster- 
burg,  &  having  a  settlement  of  same 
name  on  an  affl.  of  the  Macquarrie. 

Campeachy,  the  princip.  seaport  town 
of  Yucatan,  Cent.  Amer.  P.  including 
suburbs,  15,000.    It  is  enclosed  by  bas- 


tioned  walls,  &  built  wholly  of  stone,  over 
a  series  of  extensive  anc.  caverns.  It 
has  6  churches,  as  many  convents,  a  large 
cemetery,  a  college  with  6  professors,  & 
ship-building  docks.  Its  harbor  is  shal- 
low, but  it  is  the  centre  of  a  large  trade 
in  logwood,  or  "  Campeachy-wood,"  &  it 
exports  cotton  &  wax. 

Camperdown,  a  vill.  of  theNetherl'ds, 
prov.  N.  Holland,  in  the  North  sea. 

Campi,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Otranto. 

P.  3,440. II.  a  vill.  of  Tuscany,  prov. 

Florence.     P.  2,668. 

Campiglia,  a  mkt.  town  of  Tuscany. 

P.  2,140. II.  Piedmont,  prov.  Biella. 

P.  1,230. 

Campillo,  several  small  towns  of 
Spain. 

Campillos,  a  modern  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Malaga.     P.  6,417. 

Campina-Grande,  a  town  of  Brazil. 
P.  with  dist.  5,000. 

Campinas,  a  city  of  Brazil,  prov.,S. 
Paulo.  P.  6,000.  ■  Its  dist.  produces  a 
great  quantity  of  sugar. 

Campli,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Abruzzo  Ult.  P.  6,000.*  It  has  a  cathed., 
3  coUeg.  churches,  &  an  abbey.      -       ^  ' 

Camplong,  a  comrn.  &  vill.  of  FranTO, 
dep.  Herault.     P.  2,121. 

Campobasso,  a  city  of  Naples.  P. 
7,700.  It  has  considerable  trade,  &  cele- 
brated manufs.  of  cutlery  &  arms. — 
Campo  Bianco  is  a  mntn.  in  the  isl. 
Lipari,  formed  of  volcanic  scorise,  which 
furnishes  a  great  quantity  of  pumice 
stone. 

Campobello,  two  towns  of  Sicily. 

Campo  de  Cbiptana,  a  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Ciudad-Real.  P.  5,690.  It  has 
manufs.  of  coarse  cloths,  &  trade  in  grain 
&  fruit. 

.Campo-Foemio,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy. 

Campo-Freddo,  a  town  of  the  Sardin- 
ian sta.,  prov.  Genoa.     P.  2,738. 

Campo-Grande,  a  vill.  of  Portugal. 
It  has  manufs.  of  silk. 

Campo-Lahgo,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov. 
Bahia,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  70  m.  from  its 
mouth,  in  the  S.  Francisco.     P.  3,000. 

Cambolieto,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Molise.     P.  2,240. 

Campo-Mayor,   a  town  of  Portugal, 

prov.  Alemtejo.    P.  4,500.- II.  a  town 

of  Brazil,  prov.  Piauhy.     P.  5,000. 

III.  {de  Quixerajnobim),  a  town  of 
Brazil,  prov.  Ceara.     P.  with  dist.  8,000. 

Campos,  a  town  of  the  isl.  Majorca. 
P.  4,712. —  Canal  of  Campos,  Spain, 
Leon. 

Campos  dos  Goitacazes,  formerly 
S.    Salvador  dos   Campos,    a    city    of 


can] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


151 


Brazil,  prov.  Rio  Janeiro,  on  the  Para- 
hiba.     P.  4,000. 

Campo  S.  Pietko,  a  town  of  N.  Italy, 
gov.  Venice.     P.  2,400. 

Campeodon,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Gerona,  on  the  Ter.  P.  1,162.  It  was 
twice  taken  by  the  French  in  1794. 

Campton,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  P. 
1,513. 

Camptown,  Essex  co.  N.  J. 

Camtoos,  a  riv.  of  S.  Africa,  Cape 
Colony,  dists.  Beaufort  &  Uitenhage, 
about  200  m.  long.     ' 

Camueano,  a  vill.  of  Central  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta. — Camuscia  is  a  vill.  of  Tus- 
cany, prov.  Arezzo. 

Cana,  a  ruined  town  of  Palestine,  sup- 
posed to  be  the  scene  of  the  miracle  re- 
corded in  John. 

Canaan,  t.,  Somerset  co.  Me.,  on  the 

E.  side  of  Kennebec  riv.     P.  1,379. 

II.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.,  drained  by  Mas- 
corny  riv.    P.  1,576. HI.  t.,, Essex  co. 

Vt.,  in  the  extreme  N.E.  of  the  state,  on 

the    Connecticut.     P.    387. -IV.    t., 

Litchfield  co.  Conn.,  on  the  E.  side  of  the 
Ilousatonic  riv.,  which  has  a  perpendic- 
ular fall  near  here  of  60  ft.     Limestone 

is    found    here.     P.   2,166. V.    p-t., 

Columbia  co.  N.  Y.,  watered  by  branches 

of  Kinderhook  cr.    P.  1,957. VI.  p-t., 

Wayne  co.  Penn.,  drained  by  branches  of 

Lackawaxen  cr.     P.   1,462. VII.   t;, 

Wayne  co.  0. VIII.  t.,  Madison  co.  0. 

IX.    t.,    Marion    co.    0. X.    t., 

Athens  co.  0.,  on  the  Hockhocking  riv. : 
contains  salt  works,  &  various  mills.  P. 
800. 

Canada,  the  most  extensive  &  valua- 
ble of  the  British  colonial  possessions  in 
N.  Amer.,  extending  between  lat.  42°  & 
53°  N.,  &  Ion.  64°  &  90°  W.,  having  N. 
the  Hudson  bay  territory,  W.  lakes  Su- 
perior &  Huron,  S.  lakes  Erie&  Ontario, 
E.  the  riv.  St.  Lawrence,  &  the  U.  S. 
New  York,  Vermont,  New  Hampshire,  & 
Maine.  Length  from  lake  Superior  to 
Anticosti  island,  about  1,000  m. ;  average 
breadth  300  m.  Estimated  area  &  pop. 
as  follows  : — 

Pfov's.  Area  in  sq.  m.  P.  (1852).  C.  Cities. 
U.  Canada,  141,000  952,005  Toronto. 
L.  Canada,    205,860      904,782    Quebec. 


Total,        346,860   1,856,787 

Upper  Canada  is  wholly  on  the  N.  side 
of  the  great  lakes  Erie  &  Ontario,  &  the 
river  St.  Lavdrence  ;  but  Lower  Canada 
comprises  a  considerable  area  S.,  of  that 
riv.,  the  great  tributary  of  which — the 


Ottawa — separates  the  two  provs.  Other 
principal  rivs.  are  the  Thames,  Ouse,  St. 
Clair,  Welland,  Rideau,  St.  Maurice, 
Richlieu,  &  Saguenay,  &  the  St.  John, 
which  forms  a  part  of  the  boundary  on 
the  side  of  Maine.  Surface  extremely 
variable.  It  rises  in  the  N.W.into  a 
table-land,  supposed  to  be  from  1,200  to 
1,300  ft.  above  the  sea.  The  uncleared 
tracts  are  mostly  a  wilderness  of  forests, 
marshes,  &  lakes.  The  sOil  throughout 
a  lai'ge  part  of  Lower  Canada  is  sterile  ; 
but  the  peninsula  of  Upper  Canada,  be- 
tween lakes  Ontario  &  Erie  on  the  S.,  & 
St.  Clair  &  Huron  on  the  W.  &  N.,  is  one 
of  the  most  productive  regions  in  its  lat. 
Climate  variable.  The  grains  &  fruits 
of  N.  Europe,  tobacco,  flax,  &  hemp,  are 
the  principal  crops.  Timber  trees  con- 
sist of  pines,  firs,  oaks,  Amer.  ash,  hick- 
ory, &  maple,  from  which  last  a  good 
deal  of  sugar  is  obtained.  Wild  animals, 
as  bears,  deer,  wolves,  boars,  beavers,  & 
otters,  are  numerous.  Eish  are  abundant 
in  the  lakes,  cod  in  the  bays,  &  salmon  & 
herring  in  great  plent,y.  Principal  min- 
eral products,  iron,  with  some  argentif- 
erous lead,  coal,  copper,  salt,  &  sulphur. 
Principal  cities  &  towns,  Quebec,  Mon- 
treal, &  Three  Pavers,  in  L.  Canada ; 
Toronto  &  Kingston  in  U.  Canada.  Can- 
ada, first  discovered  in  1499  by  J.  &  S. 
Cabot,  was  acquired  by  the  British  be- 
tween 1759  &  1763.  Lower  Canada  is 
subdivided  i«to  the  4  dists.  of  Quebec, 
Montreal,  Three  Riverg,  &  Gaspe,  each 
of  which  has  its  judges,  sheriffs,  &c.  The 
dists.  are  subdivided  into  40  counties,  & 
upwards  of  200  seignories  &  fiefs,  &  160 
tnships.  The  seignories  are  old  French 
divisions,  &  mostly  inhabited  by  a  pop. 
of  French  descent.  The  following  is  a 
statement  of  the  value  of  Canadian  im- 
ports &  exports  for  1850,  in  the  Halifax 
currency  (four  dollars  to  the  pomid). 
About  one  third  of  the  European  imports 
passed  through  the  canals  of  New  York 
in  preference  to  the  St.  Lawrence  riv. : — 

Im.  from.  Ex.  to. 

Great  Britain      £2,407,980  £1,521,279 

B.N.  A.  colonies,        96,404  1,237,789 

AVest  Indies,                  1,112  202,194 

United  States,         1,648,715  2,094 

Other  countries,          91,303  27,070 


Total, 


£4,245,517    £2,990,428 


Canada  Creek,  a  riv.,  New  York, 
joins  the  Mokawk  river  after  a  course  of 
60  miles. — Canadian  river,  Upper  Texas, 
joins  the  Arkanses,  after  a  course  esti- 


158 


CYCLOPEDIA  OF  GEOGRAPHY. 


[can 


mated  at   800   miles. II.   the   W.  & 

largest  branch  of  Mohawk  r.,  60  m.  long. 

CANADicE,p-t.,  Ontario  co.  N.  Y. 

Canajoharie,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co. 
N.  Y.  The  Erie  canal  passes  through 
the  centre  of  the  village.     P.  4,097. 

Canal,  p-t.,  Venango  co.  Penn.    P.  867. 

Canal  Fulton,  p-v.,  Tuscarawas  co.  0. 

Canale,  a  town  of  the  Sard,  sta., 
Piedmont,  prov.  Alba.  P.  with  comm. 
3,905.     It  has  important  saline  springs. 

Canandaigua,  p-t.,  cap.  Ontario  co. 
N.  Y.  Surface  consists  of  gentle  hills  & 
beautiful  plains.  The  village  is  delight- 
fully situated  at  the  N.  end  of  Canan- 
daigua lake.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  rich 
agricultural  country.  The  town  has  2 
banking  houses,  &   a  bank  for  savings. 

P.  6,143. II.  lake,  in  western  N.  Y. 

14  m.  long. III.  v.,  Lenawee  co.  Mich. 

Cananea,  a  maritime  town  of  Brazil, 
prov.  S.  Paulo,  on  a  small  isl.  in  the  bay 
of  Tarapande.  P.  2,000,  suburbs  in- 
cluded. 

Cananohe,  a  seaport  town  of  British 
India,  presid.  Madras,  dist.  Malabar,  at 
the  head  of  a  small  bay.  It  has,  with 
its  suburbs,  about  11,000  houses,  &  is  the 
cap.  of  a  territory  long  governed  by  fe- 
male sovereigns,  &  comprising  most  of 
the  Laccadive  islands.  It  has  an  active 
trade  with  Bengal,  Arabia,  Sumatra. 

Canara,  the  most  W.  district  of  the 
Madras  presid.,  British  L^idia.  Area, 
7,477  sq.  m.  P.  759,776.  Surface  une- 
ven, &  the  Ghauts  form  its  E.  boundary. 
Rice  is  exported  hence  in  large  quanti- 
ties to  Arabia,  Goa,  &  Bombay.  Forests 
pf  teak  &  other  timber  trees  are  exten- 
sive. Principal  towns,  Mangalore  &  Bar- 
celore.  In  S.  Canara  (as  in  Malabar)  all 
inheritance  descends  in  the  female  line, 
&  instead  of  a  man's  own  children,  those 
of  his  sister  or  aunt  are  his  heirs.  It  is 
estim.  that  50,000  of  the  pop.  are  R.  Cath- 
olics. 

Canaries,  an  arehipelage,  Atlantic 
oc,  about  60  m.  from  the  W.  coast  of  N. 
Africa.  They  consist  of  7  principal  is- 
lands &  several  islets.  Lanzarote  &  Fu- 
erteventura,  with  the  islets  Graciosn,  Sta. 
Clara,  Alegranza,  &  Lobos  :  Gran  Cana- 
ria,  Teuerife,  Gomera,  Palma,  &  Hierro 
(Ferro).  Area  of  the  whole  4,000  sq.  m. 
P.  202,900.  The  coasts  of  these  islands 
are  rocky  &  abrupt,  &  they  are  covered 
with  mountains,  some,  of  which  attain  a 
great  elevation,  the  Pico  de  Teyde  in 
Teneriffe  being  12, 182  ft.  Their  geologi- 
cal formation  consists  of  a  continuous 
series  of  volcanic  mountains,  which  rise 
in  a  circular  form  from  the  coast  around 


a  principal  crater,  which  serves  as  axis. 
The  surf,  is  volcanic,  presenting  a  succes- 
sion of  mntns.  &,  plains,  extinct  craters  & 
fertile  valleys.  There  are  no  rivers,  but 
numerous  torrents.  The  tropical  heat 
is  moderated  by  the  Atlantic  breezes,  <fc 
the  climate  is  equable.  The  Canaries 
have  been  divided  lately  into  separate 
governmental  departments.  One  is  to 
be  eomposed  of  Teneriffe,  La  Gomera, 
Palma,  Hierro,  &  the  other  of  Grand  Ca- 
nary, Puerteventura,  &  Lanzarote.  The 
chief  productions  are  wine,  oil,  grain,  the 
sugar-cane,  &  exquisite  fruits  of  all  kinds. 
The  principal  foreign  trade  is  carried- on 
with  the  U.  S.,  Engl.,  &  Hamburg.  The 
annual  produce  is  estimated  at  170  qrs. 
of  grain,  54,000  pipes  of  wine,  300,000 
quintals  barilla,  &  500,000  barrels  of  po- 
tatoes. The  inhabitants  are  of  European 
origin,  mostly  Spaniards.  Since  1493 
these  islands  have  belonged  to  Spain,  of 
which  kingdom  they  form  a  prov.,  gov- 
erned by  the  same  laws  as  the  peninsular 
portion  ;  the  cap.  of  the  whole  archipel- 
ago is  Santa  Cruz  de  Teneriffe. 

Canary  Island,  an  island  near  the 
centre  of  the  group  of  the  Canaries,  of  a 
circular  form.  Area,  758  sq.  m.  P. 
57,625.  Length  35  m. ;  at  the  N.E.  point 
a  portion  detached  from  the  mass  is 
joined  by  a  peninsula.  Surface  moun- 
tainous ;  culminating  point  El  Cumbre, 
6,648  ft.  in  elev.  The  cap.  is  las  J'almas, 
the  largest  &  best  built  town  of  the  ar- 
chip.  P.  17,382.  It  has  a  fine  cathedral 
&  a  palace  of  justice.  The  other  princi- 
pal places  are  Port  la  Luz,  Teror,  Ti- 
raxana,  Atalaya,  Aguimez,  &  Tilde. 

Canastola,  p-v.,  Madison  co.  N.  Y. 
on  the  Erie  canal. 

Canaveral,  the  most  E.  part  of  Flor- 
ida, on  the  Atlantic. 

Canavezes,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov. 
Minho.     P.  1,500. 

Cancale,  a  coram.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ille-et-Vilaine.  on  bay  of  same 
name,  in  the  English  channel.    P.  2,682. 

Cancao,  a  seaport  town  of  Further 
India,  Camboja,  on  a  riv.  near  its  mouth, 
in  the  gulf  of  Siam. 

Cancellara,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Basilicata.     P.  3,230. 

Cancoupa,  a  town  of  India,  Deccan, 
Mysore  dom. 

Candahar,  a  city  &  the  cap.  of  Cen- 
tral Afghanistan,  in  a  fertile  plain,  3,484 
ft.  above  the  sea.  P.  variously  stated 
from  25,000,  to  100,000,  mostly  Afghans, 
but  including  many  Pertians,  Uzbeks, 
Beloochees,  Jews,  &  Hindoos,  which  last 
almost  monopolize  the  commerce. 


can] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


159 


Cande,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Maine-et-Loire,  on  the  Endre.  P. 
1,115. 

Candeish,  one  of  the  old  Mahratta 
provs.  of  Hindostan.  Lon.  73°  &  76°  E., 
&  now  composing  the  Brit.  dist.  Candeish, 
with  some  parts  of  the  Indore  &  Nizam's 
doms.  Area,  12,527  sq.-m.  P.  478,500.  (?) 
The  chief  rivs.  are  the  Nerbudda,  &  Tap- 
tee.  The  Bheels  or  Gonds,  a  rude  people, 
inhabit  the  interior. 

Candela,    a  town    of  Naples,    prov. 

Capitanata.      P.    3,434. II.   a  vill., 

Mexican  confed.,  dep.  &  53  m.  S.E.  Coa- 
huila. 

Candelaria,  a  town,  Plata  confed.,  S. 
Amer.,  dep.  Corrientes,  on  the  Parana, 

nearly  opposite  Itapua  (Paraguay). 

II.  a  seaport  town,  Canaries,  on  the   E. 

coast  of  the  isl.  Teneriffe. Candelario 

is  a  vill.  of  Spain,  prov.  Salamanca.  P. 
1,908. 

Candelaro,  a  riv.  of  Naples,  prov. 
Capitanata. 

Candelo,  a  town  of  the  Sard,  states, 
div.  Turm.     P.  2,538. 

Candhar,  two  towns  of  India. 

Candia,  an  isl..  Mediterranean  sea. 
[Crete.] 

Candia,  a  seaport  city,  &  the  cap.  of 
the  isl.  Crete,  near  the  centre  of  its  N. 
coast.  P.  12,000,  nearly  all  Mohamme- 
dans. Its  massive  fortifications,  decayed 
docks,  arsenal,  extensive  arched  vaults 
for  galleys,  &  a  large  cathed.,  were  con- 
structed by  the  Venetians.  Its  harb., 
formed  by  two  moles,  each  terminating 
with  a  fort,  is  now  choked.  Streets  wide 
&  roughly  paved  ;  houses  well  built,  & 
interspersed  with  gardens  &  fountains. 
Principal  edifices,  the  pasha's  palace,  ba- 
zaars,&  mosques,  a  synagogue,  light-ho., 
&  public  baths.  Chf.  manuf.  is  that  of 
soap. 

Candia,  t.,  Rockingham  eo.  N.  H.,  oc- 
cupying the  height  of  land  between  the 
ocean  &  the  Merrimae  r.     P.  1,430. 

CanT)lemas  Islands,  S.  Pacific  ocean, 
are  near  Sandwich  Land.  Lat.  37°  10' 
S.,  lon.  30°  ^Y. 

Candor,  p-t.,  Tioga  co.  N.  Y.,  drained, 
by  the  Cottotong  &  West  Oswego  crs.  P. 
3,370. 

Candy,  a  town  of  the  isl.  of  Ceylon. 
[Kandy.] 

Cane,  or  Ken,  a  riv.  of  India,  Bundel- 
cund.     L.  250  m. 

Canea,  a  seaport  t.  of  Crete.  [Kha- 
nia.] 

Cancadea,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y., 
on  the  Genesee  r.     P.  1,633. 

Canel,  a  town  of  W.  Africa,  Sene- 


gambia,  on  an  affl.  of  the  Senegal.  P. 
6,000.  (?) 

Caneles,  a  small  mining  town,  Mexio. 
confed.,  dep.  Sinaloa.  Near  it  some  veins 
of  mercury  have  been  discovered. 

Canelli,  a  makt.  town  of  the  Sard. 
states.  Piedmont,  prov.  Asti.      P.  3,422. 

Cane  Spring,  Bullit  eo.  Ky.     P.  923: 

Canet-de-Mar,  a  marit.  t.  of  Spain, 
prov.  Barcelona,  on  the  Mediterranean. 
P.  2,800.       Fisheries  &  distilleries. 

Canete,  a  seaport  town,  N.  Peru,  cap. 
prov.,  on  the  Pacific. 

Canete  de  las  Torres,  a  town  of 
Spain,  prov.  Cordova,  near  the  Caiialejo. 
P.  2,410. 

Canete-la-Real,  a  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Malaga.     P.  4,090.     Commerce  in 

fruits  &  wine. II.  {La  Huergina),  a 

town  in  the  prov.     P.  1,230. 

Caneva,  a  markt.  town  of  N.  .Italy, 
gov.  Venice.     P.  4,270. 

Canfield,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co^  0.  P. 
1,279. 

Canfranc,  a  frontier  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Huesca,  on  a  frequented  route  be- 
tween France  &  Spain,  in  the  Pyrenees, 
9  m.  N.  Jaca. 

Cangas,  a  town  of  Spain,  Asturias. 

Cangrejos,  a  small  isl.  of  S.  America. 
Venezuela,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Orinoco. 

Cangucu,  a  modern  town  of  Brazil,  on 
riv.  of  same  name,  prov.  San-Pedro-do- 
Rio-Grande.  ^  P.  5,000. 

Canicatti^  a  town  of  Sicily,  on  the 
Naro.  P.  18,000.  In  its  environs  are 
extens.  sulphur  mines. 

Canigou,  a  mntn.  of  France,  dep.  B. 
Pyrenees.  It  is  one  of  the  culminating 
points  of  the  Pyrenees,  &  9,137  feet  in 
elevation. 

Caniles,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Gra- 
nada.    P.  4,234.     Linen  manufs. 

Canillas,  a  modern  commercial  town 
of  Spain,  prov.  Malaga.    P.  2,247. 

Caning,  a  town  of  Italy,  Pontif.  states. 
It  has  celeb,  baths,  &  gave  the  title  of 
prince  to  Lucien  Bonaparte. 

Canisteo,  p-t.,  Steuben  co.  N.  Y., 
watered  by  Canisteo  r.     On  the  streams 

are  rich  alluvial  flats.    P.  941. II.  r., 

N.  Y.,  50  m.  long. 

Canister  Islands,  three  small  islets, 
Indian  ocean. 

Canjayar,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Al- 
meria.   P.  2,700. 

Canna,  one  of  the  Hebrides,  Scotl.,  co. 
Argyle. 

Canne,  a  vill.  of  Naples,  prov.  Bari, 
near  the  Ofanto,  on  the  site  of  the  field 
of  Cannce,  still  called  the  _"  Campo  di 
Sangue,"  where  Hannibal  gained  a  mem* 


160! 


£ 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGUAPHV. 


[can 


orable   victory  over    the    Romans,   b.c. 
216. 

Cannes,  a  comm.  &  sea.port  town,  S. 
France,  dep.  Var,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Medi- 
terranean. P.  3,642.  It  stands  on  a 
declivity  facing  the  sea,  &  surrounded  by 
orange  &  olive  plantations.  It  has  an 
old  gothic  castle,  &  a  good  quay,  but  an 
indiiferent  port. 

Canneto,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  deleg. 

Mantua,  on  the  Oglio.     P.  3,000. II. 

town  of  Naples,  prov.  Ba.ri.    P.  1,940. — 
•  Cannetello  is  a  vill.  prov.  Calab.  tilt.  I., 
dist.  Reggio.  P.  1,760.  ^ 

Cannobio,  a  town  of  Sard,  states, 
Piedmont,  div.  No  vara.     P.  2,137. 

Canoga,  p-v.,  Seneea  co.  N.  Y.,  1  m. 
W.  &f  Cayuga  lake. 

Cannon,  co.,  Tenn.,  in  the  central 
part  of  the  state,  drained  by  branches  of 
Cumberland  riv.  Surface  hilly ;  soil 
fertile.     P.  8,982. 

Cajstnonsburg,  Washington  co.  Pa., 
situated  on  Chartier's  cr.  Jefferson  coll. 
founded  in  1802  is  located  here.  It  has 
a  president,  &  6  professors  or  other  in- 
structors, 224  alumni,  3,300  volumes  in 
its  libraries.  Its  course  is  completed  in 
three  years.  A  medical  department  is 
attached  to  it,  located  in  Philadel- 
phia. There  is  a  theological  school 
connected  with  the  institution,  under  the 
care  of  the  vice-president ;  &  it  has 
supplied  many  clergymen  to  the  western 
country. 
Cannouchee,  riv.,  Ga.,  140  m.  long. 
Cannstadt,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
circ.  Necliar.  P.  5,350.  It  has  mineral 
springs. 

Canonicut,  isl.  in  Narragansett  bay, 
R.I. 

Canoon,  a  t.  of  Brit.  India,  Agra  dist. 
Canosa,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Bari. 
P.  7,120. 

Canossa,  a  town  of  cent.  Italy,  duchy 
Modena. 

Canouan,  the  central  of  the  Grena- 
dine isls.,  Brit.  W.  Indies. 

Canourgue  (La),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Loz^re.     P.  1,969. 

Canso  (Cape),  the  E.  extremity  of 
Nova  Scotia. — The  Gat  of  Canso  is  the 
passage  betw.  Nova  Scotia  &  Cape  Breton, 
from  the  Atlantic  into  Northumberland 
strait.     L.  17  miles;  av.  br.  2J  miles. 

Cantabrian  Mountains  in  the  N.  of 
Spain,  form  a  prolongation  of  the  Pyre- 
nees, &  extend  from  these  mntns.  in  the 
E.  to  Cape  Finisterre  on  the  W.  Height 
10,000  ft. 

Cantagallo,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov. 
Rio  Janeiro.    P.  4,000.  , 


Cantal,  a  central  dep.  of  France, 
formed  of  the  S.  part  of  the  old  prov. 
Auvergne,  cap.  Aurillac.  Area  2,200  sq. 
m.  P.  253,329.  It  is  entirely  mntnous. 
The  surface  is  almost  entirely  covered 
with  the  debris  of  extinct  volcanoes  ;  it 
furnishes  marble  &  coal,  &  has  numer- 
ous mineral  springs.  Chf  rivers,  the 
Alagnon,  Truyere,  Celle,  &  the  C(^re. 
The  climnte  is  salubrious. 

Cantalapiedra,  two  towns  of  Spain. 

Cantalbarry,  a  town  of  N.  Hindos- 
tan,  subject  to  Bootan. 

Cantalice,  2  towns  of  Naples. 

Canteleu,  a  commi  &  town  of" France, 
dep.  Seine  Inf.     P.  1,113. 

Canterb(jry,  t.,  Merrimac  co.  N.  H., 
on  Merrimac  r.  It  has  several  ponds,  & 
a  good  shad  fishery.  Quinebaug  r.  is  on 
the  E.  A  num.  of  woollen  &  cotton  facs. 
P.  1,643. 

Canterbury,  a  city,  bor.,  &  county  of 
itself,  Engl.,  &  its  metropolitan  see, 
within  CO.  Kent,  on  the  Stour.  Its  ca- 
thedral, erected  in  12th  &  two  following 
centuries,  on  the  site  of  the  first  Christian 
church  built  in  Saxon  "Engl.,  is  in  the 
form  of  a  double  cross,  with  a  central  & 
2  W.  towers,  &  presents  a  magnificent 
union  of  almost  every  style  of  Christian 
architecture.  The  choir  is  the  largest 
&  one  of  the  finest  in  the  kingdom,  &  the 
pavement  of  the  chapel  of  the  Holy 
Trinity  is  worn  into  hollows  by  the  knees 
of  the  innumerable  pilgrims  who  here 
worshipped  at  the  shrine  of  Thomas  a 
Beeket.  A  fine  ancient  gateway,  &  some 
remains  of  St.  Augustine's  abbey,  &  of  a 
Norman  castle,  the  old  Cheequers'  Inn, 
immortalized  by  Chaucer,  &  the  Donjon 
or  Danejohn  field  (now  formed,  with  its 
mound  of  supposed  Danish  origin,  into  a 
beautiful  planted  walk),  may  be  specified 
as  objects  of  interest.  In  the  immediate 
vicinity  are  several  woollen  mills,  but 
the  chief  business  is  the  export  of  agri- 
cultural produce.  Canterbury  was,  pre^;^ 
vious  to  the  Roman  invasion,  a  place  of 
note  as  a  religious  institution.  It  was 
made  a  princip.  station  by  the  Romans, 
&  in  the  2d  century  Christianity  was  intro- 
duced. It  subsequ'cntly  became  the  cap. 
of  the  Saxon  kingdom  of  Kent,  under  the 
name  of  Caer-Cant,  hence  Cantuaria  & 
Canterbury. 

Cantiano,  a  small  fortifd.  town  of 
Italy,  Pontif  sta.,  on  the  i-iv.  Cantiano, 
&  on  the  road  from  Rome  to  Pesaro.  P. 
2,000. 

Cantillana,  a  town  of  Spain,  proV 
Sevilla,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Guadalquivir. 
P.  4,121. 


CAO] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


161 


Cantire  (Mull  of),  Scotland. 

Canton,  a  city  &  seaport  of  China,  & 
the  greatest  commercial  emporium  of 
Asia,  cap.  prov.  Quangtong,  on  1.  b.  of 
the  Canton  or  Pearl  riv.,.  about  70  m. 
from  its  mouth,  in  the  China  ?ea.  Lat. 
23°  6' 9"  N.,  Ion.  113°  15' E.  P.  estim. 
1,000,000.  With  its  suburbs  it  occupies 
the  N.  bank  of  the  river,  extending  inland 
nearly  to  a  row  of  heights  commanding 
it  on  the  N.  &  N.E.,  but  between  which 
&  the  city  is  a  broken  ravine  ;  to  the  S. 
is  an  alluvial  plain,  formed  hy  the  delta 
of  the  river.  The  city  is  enclosed  by  a 
will  of  brick,  on  a  foundation  of  red 
sandstone,  6  or  7  m.  in  circ,  &  entered  by 

12  gates ;  it  is  unequally  divided  by 
another  wall  with  4  gates,  into  the  old  & 
n3W  town.  The  suburbs  are  nearly  as 
large  as  the  city  itself;  on  tlie  S.  they 
stretch  all  along  the  river  side ;  &  at 
their  S.W.  corner  are  the  hon^s  or  Euro- 
pean quarter— a  range  of  buildings  about 
IJ  furlong  in  length,  built  upon  a  flat 
raised  on  piles,  &  separated  from  the 
riv.  by  a  quay  100  yards  in  breadth, 
called  Respondentia  Vf  alk.      There   are 

13  hongri,  incluiiing  those  of  the  British, 
Dutch,  Auierican,  French,  Austrian, 
Swedish,-  "Danish,  Parsee,  &  other  mer- 
chants, &  which  merely  consist  of  4  or  5 
brick  or  stone  houses,  ranged  around  a 
closed  court:  2  of  them  are  partly  occu- 
pied by  good  European  hotels.  Contig- 
uous to  the  hongs  are  Old  &  New  China 
streets,  &  Hog  Lane ;  the  2  former  are 
".mong  the  best  streets  in  the  suburbs; 
the  last  is  a  filthy  narrow  lane,  well- 
known  to  foreign  seamen,  &  where  many 
disturbances  between  them  &  the  Chinese 
have  arisen.  .  The  city  &  the  suburts  are 
laid  out  &  built  after  one  fashion.  Streets 
narrow  and  crooked,  varying  from  2  to 
16  ft.,  but  averaging  7  or  8  ft.  in  v/idth, 
paved  &  flagged,  each  closed  by  gates 
guarded  at  night,  &  each  of  the  trading 
thoroughfares  appropriated  to  one  trade. 
Several  canals  intersect  the  city,  &  are 
crossed  by  stone  bridges.  A  large  part 
of  the  pop.  resides  on  the  veater;  &  for  4 
or  5  miles  opposite  the  city,  &  both  above 
&  below,  the  river  is  crowded  with  vessels 
&  rafts  of  all'  kinds,  on  many  of  which 
large  numbei's  of  poultry  are  reared. 
Upwards  of  120  temples  are  enumerated 
in  &  adjacent  to  Canton,  the  princijial 
being  the  remarkable  Buddhist  temple 
of  Ho-nan  on  art  adjacent  large  island. 
Within  the  old  city  are  two  other  con- 
siderable temples,  &  a-  Mohammedan 
mosque,  with  a  dome  &  minaret  160  ft. 
in  height,  &  .outside  of  the  walls,  on  the 


N.  side,  is  a  lofty  pagoda.  Canton  has 
several  hospitals,  a  grand  hall  for  e.xam- 
ination  of  candidates  for  literary  honors, 
14  high  schools,  k  about  30  colleges,  3  of 
which  have  each  200  students.  Manufs. 
various  and  extensive,  <fc  the  shops  are 
filled  with  articles  of  Chinese  workman- 
ship. 

Canton,  t.,  Oxford  co.  Me.,  on  the 
Androscoggin  r.  P.  919. II.  t,,  Nor- 
folk CO.  Mass.  It  has  two  ponds  which 
afford  water  power.  Boston  &  Prov. 
railroad  passes  through  the  town.  Fur- 
naces, forges,  &  a  num.  of  woollen  &  cot- 
ton facs.     P.  1,995. III.  t.,  Hartford 

CO.    Conn.,   on  Farmington  r.     P.  1,736. 

IV.   t.,  cap.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 

Watered  by  Grass  r.  Marblu  found  here. 
Copperas   &    alum    manufactured.      P. 

4,685. V.  t.,  Bradford  co.  Pa.  Watered 

by   Towanda   cr.      P.    1,254.- VI.   t., 

Washington  eo.  Pa.     Coal  is  abundant. 

Drained  by  Chartier's  cr.     P.  1,132.— 

VII.  p-t.,  cap.  Stark  co.  0.     1  bank.     P. 

4,322. VIIL  v.,  Pulton  co.  111.,  on  the 

border  of  a  large  prairie.     P.  762. 

IX.  t.,  Wayne  co.  Mich.      P.  1,081.: X. 

y-Y;  oip.  Madison  co.  Miss. 

Cantonment  Gibson,  p-v.,  &  military 
station  in  the  Indian  terr.,  on  the  E.  side 
of  the  Leosho  r.  5  miles  above  its  entrance 
into  Red  r. 

Canton  River,  is  the  lower  part  of 
the  Pe-kiang,  which  has  a  navigable 
course  for  300  m.  further  inland,  through 
the  provs.  Quang-tong  &  Kiang-see,  in 
China,^&  is  joined  about  4  m.  W.  of  Can- 
ton by  a  branch  from  the  Si-kiang,  oppo- 
site Canton  ;  it  is  deep  enough  for  ships 
of  from  800  to  1,000  tons  burden  ;  but 
foreign  ships  come  up  only  as  far  as 
Whampoa,  about  15  m.  lower,  loading  & 
unloading  by  means  of  native  boats.  At 
about  40  m.  below  Canton,  it  is  called  the 
Boca  Tigris,  &  widens  there  into  a  large 
estuary,  termed  the  "  Outer  Waters." 

Cantoria,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Al- 
meria,  on  the  Almanzor.  P.  4,376.  It 
has  manufs.  of  woollen  stuifs. 

Canturio,  a  town  of  N.  Italy.  P.  5,364. 
It  has  manufs.  of  iron  wares,  which  have 
subsisted  since  the  10th  cent. 

Cany,  a  comrn..  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Seine  Inf.     P.  l',261. 

Canzano,  2  vills.  of  Naples,  Abruzzo 
Ultra. 

->  Canzo,  a  mkt.  town  of  Lombardy,  dc- 
lig.  Como.  cap.  of  a  rich  dist.,  with  many 
silk  manufs.  Near  it  is  the  cascade  of 
Villaterga.     P.  of  dist.  11,550. 

Caorlb,  an  isl.  &  vill.  in  the  Adriatic, 
,a;ov.  Venice. 


162 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[cap 


Capaccio,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov, 
princip.  Citra,  near  the  ruins  of  .Pwstum. 
P.  1,740. 

Capdenac,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Lot, 
on  the  Lot.     P.  1,310. 

Cape.  For  all  Capes  not  undermen- 
tioned, see  the  respective  names. 

Cape  Ann,  a  prom.  Massachusetts,  lat. 
(N:  light)  42°  33'  21"  N.,  Ion.  70°  34' 
48"  W. 

Cape  Bretcn,  an  insular  colony  of 
■  British  N.  Amer.,  at  the  E.  extremity  of 
Nova  -Scotia,  mostly  between  lat.  45°  & 
47°  N.,  &  Ion.  60°  &  61°  30'  W.  Extreme 
length  from  N.  to  S.,  100  m. ;  extreme 
breadth,  85  m.  Area,  3,120  sq.  m.  P. 
(in  1852)  27,580.  It  is  very  irregularly 
shaped,  &  greatly  indented  with  bays  : 
almost  intersected  by  ah  arm  of  the  sea 
called  the  Bras  d'Or.  Surface  uneven. 
Granite,  limestone,  &  prim,  slates  pre- 
vail; &  gypsum,  salt,  &  coal  are  found. 
The  land  to  the  N.  has  an  elev.  of  1,800 
ft.  There  are  several  fresh  water  lalies, 
&  numerous  rivs.,  but  none  navigable. 
Salt  springs  are  found  on  the  coast.  The 
climate  is  varied,  but  not  so  rigorous  as 
that  on  the  adjoining  continent.  Vege- 
tation is  very  rapid. 

Cape  Charles,  a  headland,  Maryland, 
on  the  N.  side  of  the  entrance  to  Chesa- 
peake bay. II.  a  headland,  British  N. 

America,  Labrador,  immed.  N.  the  strait 
of  Belieisle. 

Cape  Clear,  the  most  S.  headland  of 
Ireland,  Munster,  co.  Cork,  on  an  island. 
P.  1,052  ;  with  a  light-house  on  an  abrupt 
cliff,  455  ft.  above  the  sea,  in  lat.  51°  26' 
N.,  Ion.  9°  29'  W.  On  the  isl.  are  a  pier, 
&  a  ruined  castle  &  church. 

Cape  Coast  Castle,  a  town  of  Africa, 
capi.  of  the  British  settlements  on  the 
coast  of  N.  Guinea.  The  town  has  a  pop. 
of  about  10,000  blacks  &  13  Europeans. 
It  is  regularly  built,  &  its  streets  are 
lined  with  trees.  The  soil  in  the  vicinity 
is  well-wooded,  but  deficient  in  water ; 
climate  damp  &  unhealthy. 

Cape  Cod,  a  peninsula  of  Massachu- 
setts, in  the  Atlantic,  lat.  of  light-house, 
42°  2'  23"  N.,  Ion.  70°  3'  55"  W.  It  is 
"hook-shaped ;  65  m.  in  length,  by  8  in 
average,  breadth ;  &  enploses  Cape  Cod 
bay. 

Cape  Elizabeth,  town.  Me.,  consists 
chiefly  of  a  peninsula.  Cape  Elizabeth 
is  the  S.E.  point  of  the  town.  Another 
cape  in  the  E.  part  of  the  town  at  the 
entrance  of  Portland  harbor.    P.  1.666. 

Cape  Fear,  a  headld.,  N.  Carolina, 
forming  the  S.  point  of  Smith's  lidand, 
at  the  mouth  of  Cape  Fear  riv.,  lat.  33° 


48'  N.,  Ion.  78°  9'W.  -  Steamers  may 
proceed  at  low  water  for  90  m.  up  the 
river. 

Cape  Fear  River,  N.  C.  It  is  navi- 
gable by  steamboats  90  miles. 

Cape  Frio,  a  promontory  on  the  coast 
of  Brazil,  80  m.  E.  Rio  Janiero,  forms 
the  terminus  of  the  ridge  of  mountains 
which  run  parallel  to  the  coast,  &  consists 
of  a  huge  oval  mass  of  granite.  Elev. 
1,570  feet. 

Cape  Girardeau,  county,  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  Mo.  on  the  Mississippi  riv.,  con- 
tains 864  sq.  m.  drained  by  White  river. 
Iron  ore  &  other  minerals.  P.  13,912. 
Cap.  Jackson. 

Cape  of  Good  Hope,  an  important 
colony  of  Great  Britain,  occupying  the 
S.  part  of  the  peninsula  of  Africa,  betw. 
lat.  29°  41'  &  34°  51'  S.,  &  Ion.  17°  10'  & 
27°32'E.  Length,  550  m.;  av.br.,  250  m. 
Areaestim.at  110,000  sq.m.  P.  179,709, 
mostly  Africans,  Dutch,  Negroes,  &  a 
small  number  of  Hottentots.  The  coun- 
try is  formed  of  a  series  of  terraces  rising 
in  successive  stages  from  S.  to  N.  The 
chief  mntn.  chains  are  the  Drankensteen, 
Zwellendam,  Zwartenberg,  &  Sneeuw- 
Bergen,  in  which  last  is  the  Spitzkbp, 
the  culminating  point  of  the  whole,  esti- 
mated at- 10,250  ft.  in  elevation.  Table- 
mntn.,  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  col- 
ony, is  an  insulated  flat  topped  mass,  • 
3,582  ft.  in  height,  the  S.  point  of  which 
forms  the  promontory  of  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  1,000  feet  in  elev.  It  was 
discovered  by  Diaz,  a  Portuguese  admi- 
ral, in  1486,  &  called  by  him  "  Cape  of 
Storms."  Cape  Agulhas,  the  next  re- 
markable promontory,  is  the  southmost 
point  of  Africa,  in  lat.  34°  51'  S.,  Ion.  20° 
2'  E.  The  most  extensive  plain  is  the 
Great  Karoo,  an  arid  tract  upwards  of 
200  m.  in  length,  &  50  m.  in  breadth,  be- 
tween the  Zwarteveld,  &  the  Nieuwveld, 
mntns.  The  only  passage  from  one  ter- 
race to  another  is  through  the  Kloofs, 
narrow  &  difficult  mntn.  gorges ;  some 
of  these  have  been  made  passable  for 
wheeled  carriages,  but  the  roads  in  gen- 
eral are  very  bad.  The  principal  bays 
are  St.  Helena,  Table,  False,  St.  Se- 
bastian, Mossel,  Plettenberg,  &  Algoa. 
Streams  are  numerous,  but  rapid,  mostly 
dry  in  summer  &  unfit  for  navigation  ; 
the  chief  are,  Keiskamma,  Great  Fish, 
Bushman,  Sunday,  Camtoos  &  Breede, 
Berg  &  Elephant,  &  sev'l  small  streams 
tributary  to  the  Orange.  Climate  mild 
&  healthy,  but  very  dry ;  rains  irregular,  * 
often  falling  in  torj^ents  on  the  coast,  but 
rare  in  the  plains  of  the  interior.    Snow 


cap] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETlEERr 


163 


falls  only  in  the  mntns.,  &  is  not  perma- 
nent, even  on  the  most  elevated.  Corn 
is  raised  more  than  requisite  for  con- 
sumption, &  the  cultivation  of  the  vine  is 
an  important  source  of  wealth;  a  good 
white  vine  is  produced  in  the  interior,  but 
only  the  small  vineyard  at  the  foot  of 
Table  mntn.  produces  the  celeb.  liqueur 
called  Constantia.  Cattle  rearing  is  the 
chief  branch  of  rural  industry  ;  &  the  in- 
troduction of  the  Merino  sheep  has  ren- 
dered tie  rural  trade  of  the  colony  im- 
portant. The  coasts  abound  with  mack- 
erel &  herrings.  Some  of  the  wild  ani- 
mals of  Africa  are  still  met  ^?ith,  but  the 
larger  species  decrease  in  proportion  as 
colonization  extends.  The  lion,  hyena, 
buffalo,  hippopotamus,  &  zebra  are  occa- 
sionally seen  ;  the  rhinoceros  is  rare,  & 
the  elephant  is  driven  beyond  the  bound- 
ary. The  ostrich  &  eagle  are  found  in 
the  mountains,  &.  snakes  are  numerous. 
The  commerce  of  the  colony  is  extensive ; 
the  ports  are  Cape  town  &  Simon's  town 
in  the  W.,  &  fort  Elizabeth  in  the  E. 
The  boars  or  farmers  of  the  Cape  colony, 
descendants  of  the  original  Dutch  set- 
tlers, have  lost  much  of  their  ancestral 
industry  &  cleanliness  ;  they  are  affec- 
tionate in  their  family  relations,  &  strict 
in  religious  observances,  but  prejudiced 
&  illiterate.  Education  has  been  long 
neglected  in  the  colony ;  the  only  institu- 
tions of  importance  were,  till  lately,  the 
S.  African  college  &  the  S.  Ai'rican  insti- 
tution at  Cape  town  ;  but  a  comprehen- 
sive system  embracing  primary  &  classi- 
cal schools,  was  instituted  by  the  gov- 
ernment in  1839.  In  1851  war  broke  out 
with  the  Caffre  tribes  on  the  N.  frontier 
of  the  colony,  &  it  has  been  carried  on 
to  this  date  (Oct.  1852),  with  great  loss  & 
expense. 

Cape  Hatteeas,  a  headld.,  U.  S.,  N. 
Amer.,  N.  Carolina,  at  the  angle  of  a 
long  reef  which  lines  the  coast.  Lat.  35° 
14'  N.,  Ion.  75°  30'  W. 

Cape  Haytien,  a  seaport  town  of  the 
island  of  Bayti,  on  its  N.  coast,  90  m.  N. 
Port  au  Prince.  Lat.  19°  40'  N.,  Ion. 
69°  54'  W.  P.  6,000.  Previously  to  the 
Ilaytian  revolution  it  was  a  handsome 
city,  &  it  still  has  some  fine  buildings, 
with  a  secure  &  tolerably  defended  harb. 
&  a  considerable  trade,  chiefly  with  the 
U.  States,  Gt.  Britain,  France,  &  Germ'y. 

Cape  Horn,  or  Hoorn,  the  most  S. 
point  of  America,  on  the  last  isl.  of  the 
Eugeian  archip.  It  is  a  lofty,  steep, 
bare,  black  rock,  with  pointed  summits, 
&  was  formerly  considered  very  danger- 
ous to  pass. 


Cape  Island,  p-v.,  Cape  May  co. 
N.  J.,  in  the  extreme  S.  point  of  the 
state,  on  the  shore  of  the  Atlantic.  Here 
are  a  number  of  boarding-houses,  &  sev- 
eral large  hotels.  The  place  affords 
great  facilities  for  sea-bathing  &  fishing. 

Cape  La  Hogue,  a  headld.  of  France, 
Normandy,  dep.  Manche,  forming  the 
N.W.  extremity  of  ttie  penins.  Cotentin, 
in  the  English  channel,  opposite  the  isl. 
Alderney. 

Capellades,  an  episcop.  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Barcelona.  P.  2,798.  It  has  man- 
ufactures of  cloth  &  paper,  &  brandy 
distilleries. 

Capelle  (La),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Aisne.     P.  of  comm.  1,514. 

II.  (JMarival),  a  vilL,  dep.  Lot.     P. 

1,331. — Also  several  vills.,  mostly  in  the 
central  deps. 

Capelle-op-den  Bosch,  a  viU.  of 
Belgium,  prov.  S.  Brabant.     P.  2,500. 

Cape  May,  N.  J.,  cape,  on  the  N.  side 
of   the  entrance   into  Delaware    bay. — 

It  is   a   fashionable  bathing   place. 

II.  county,  N.  J.,  in  the  S.  part  of  the 
state.  Surface  level ;  watered  by  Tuck- 
ahoe  riv.  It  has  several  lagunes,  or  salt- 
water lakes.  P.  6,433.  Cap.  Cape  May 
c.  H. II.  c.  H.,  p-v..  Cape  M.  co.  N.  J. 

Cape  Mount,  a  riv.  of  W.  Africa, 
which  falls  into  the  Atlantic  ocean,  in  lat. 
6°44'N.,  Ion.  11°25' W. 

.CapeNeddock,  York  co.  Me.,  a  head- 
land, extending  in  the  Atlantic. 

Cape  Kiver,  a  large  riv.  of  Cent. 
America,  Nicaragua  &  Mosquito  Country, 
enters  the  Carib.  sea,  at  Cape  Gracios  a 
Dios,  after  a  N.E.  course,  estimated  at 
from  250  to  300  m.,  through  a  territory 
mostly  of  high  fertility.  It  is  navigable 
from  the  sea  for  a  considerable  distance 
inland;  beyohd  which  its  course  is  im- 
peded by  numerous  cataracts  &  shallows. 
The  city  Segovia  is  near  its  source 

Capestang,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Herault.     P.  1,831. 

Capesteehe  (La),  or  Le  Marigot,  a 
town  of  the  isl.  Guadeloupe,  French  An- 
tilles. P.  3,784,  of  whom  3,089  are 
slaves. II.  a  town  of  Marie  Galante. 

Cape  Town,  a  fortifd.  seaport  town  of 
S.  Africa,  cap.  of  the  Cape  colony  on  its 
W.  coast  at  the  N.  declivity  of  Table 
mntn.,  &  on  the  S.W.  shore  of  Table  bay. 
P.  22,543.  The  town,' which  is  situ,  in  a 
plain,  is  regularly  laid  out  in  the  Dutch 
style,  with  canals  in  the  princip.  streets. 
From  its  situation,  facing  the  noon-day 
sun,  &  backed  by  naked  mntns.,  the  town 
is  exposed  to  excessive  heat,  &  is  often 
intolerable  from  dust ;  it  is  also  exposed 


164 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OP    GEOGRAPHY. 


[cap 


to  violent  gales  from  the  S.E.  The  only 
public  building  of  importance  is  the 
governor's  house,  a  plain  but  spacious 
edifice.  It  has  a  royal  marine  observa- 
tory, &  a  rnagnetic  observatory.  The 
educational  establishments  are  the  S. 
African  college,  &  the  S.  African  insti- 
tution, a  good  public  library,  &  a 
valuable  private  botanic  garden.  There 
is  a  government  bank  which  issues  notes, 
&  a  joint  stock  bank  with  a  branch  at 
Graham's  town.  Table  bay  is  capacious 
enough  to  contain  any  number  of  vessels, 
but  is  exposed  to  AV.  winds,  which  from 
June  to  August  produce  heavy  swells.' 

Cape  Verd,  the  most  W.  cape  of 
Africa,  in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  betw.  the 
rivers  Senegal  &  Gambia.  Lat.  14°  43' 
N.,  Ion.  17°  34'  W.  Its  name  is  derived 
from  a  group  of  enormous  baobab-trees 
which  crowns  its  summif-. —  The  isls.  of 
Cape  Verd  are  situated  320  m.  W.  of  the 
cape.  The  archip.  consists  of  the  follow- 
ing 10 isls.:  Sal,  Boavista,  Mayo,  Santi- 
ago, the  largest,  Fogo^  Brava,  Grande, 
Ilombo,  S.  Nicolao,  &  S.Luz'ia,  &  4  islets, 
Branco,  Razo,  S.  Vicente,  &  S.  Antao. 
Area  estim.  at  1,680  sq.  m.  P.  67,000 ; 
the  white  pop.  in  the  whole  archip.  is  to 
the  colored  as  1  to  20.  The  surface  of 
the  isls.  is  in  general  mntns.,  &  some  of 
their  peaks  have  a  considerable  elevation. 
The  volcano  of  Fogo  is  9. 157  ft.  in  height. 
The  soil  is  extremely  various,  but  mostly 
fertile ;  the  absence  of  trees  &  the  scarcity 
of  water  are  the  causes  of  frequent  & 
severe  distress.  Climate  very  bot,  but 
tempered  by  the  sea  breezes.  Chief 
vegetable  products,  maize,  rice,  &  French 
beans.  Coffee,  introduced  in  1790,  has 
completely  succeeded  ;  tropical  fruits  are 
abundant.  Cattle  are  extensively  reared, 
&  dried  &  salted  provisions,  form  a  con- 
siderable article  of  export.  Amber  is, 
found  on  all  the  coasts,  which  are  fre- 
quented by  immense  numbers  of  turtle. 
The  natives  are  quiet  &  docile,  but  ex- 
tremely indolent.  Agriculture  &  the 
preparation  of  salt  are  chief  branches  of 
industry  ;  linens,  pottery-ware,  soap,  & 
leather  are  manufactured  in  some  of  the 
islands. 

Cape-Whath,  forms  the  N.W.  extrem- 
ity of  Scot!.,  CO.  Sutherlnud.  It  is  a 
pyramid  of  gneiss  rising  to  300  ft.,  & 
having  on  it  a  light-house,  with  a  light 
400  ft.  above  the  sea. 

Capestrano,  &  Capisthello,  2  small 
towns  of  Naples. 

Capitanata,  -a  prov.  of  Naples, 
bounded  N.  &  E.  by  the  Adriatic  ;'' cap. 
Foggia.     Climate  very  warm.     Its  pas- 


tures are  rich,  &  many  cattle  are  reared. 
Chief  produce,  wine,  saffron,  fruit,  &  salt. 
P.  304,323. 

Capivari,  a  modern  town  of  Brazil, 
prov.  Kio  de  Janeiro.     P.  3,000. 

Capiz,  a  city  of  the  Philippines,  cap. 
of  the  isl.  Panay,  on  its  N.  coast.  P. 
11,145. 

Capizzi,  a  town  of  Sicily,  intend.  Mes- 
sina.    P.  3,400. 

Capo.  d'Istria,  a  fortfd.  seaport  town 
of  Austria,  lUyria,  gov.  Triest.  on  a  rock 
in  the  gulf  of  Triest,  connected  by  a 
bridge  with  the  mainland,  8  m.  S.W. 
Triest.     P.  5,981. 

Capon  Springs,  Hampshire  co.  Va. 

Caposelle,  a  tovra  of  Naples,  prov. 
princip.  Cit.     P.  3,734. 

Cappaghwhite,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  co.  Tipperarj'.  P-.  1,046.  In 
the'  vicinity  are  some  copper  mines. 

CappAnacushy,  a  group  of  islets, 
Irel.,  Munster,  co.  Kerry,  at  the  head  of 
the  estuary. 

Cappel,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  Cant. 
Ziirich. 

Cappoquin,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Mun- 
stei',  CO.  Waterford,  on  the  Blackwater. 
P.  2,341. 

Capracotta,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Molise.     P.  2,780. 

Capraja,  an  isl.  of  the  Sard,  states, 
Medilerr.,  with  port  of  same  name,  on  E. 
side  of  Corsica.  It  is  mntnous.,  &  pro- 
duces a  considerable  quantity  of  wine 
&  oil. 

Caprera,  a  small  isl.  off  the  Mediterr., 
N.E.  coast  of  Sardinia. 

Caprese,  a  small  town  of  Tuscany, 
prov.  Arezzo.     P.  1,560. 

Capri,  an  isl.  of  Naples,  dist.  Castel- 
lamare,  at  the  S.  entrance  of  the  bay  of 
Naples.  It  is  entirely  mntnous.,  coasts 
steep  &  inaccessible,  except  at  the  port 
of  Capri,  a  small  town  with  a  fine  cathed., 
a  large  seminary,  &  a  pop.  of  2,500,  on 
its  S.  side. 

Capriata,  a  vill.  of  Sard,  states,  Pied- 
mont, prov.  Novi.     P.  2,365. 

Capriati,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  T. 
di  Lavoro.     P.  2,200. 

Capricorn  Isls.,  a  small  group  of  isls. 
&  rocks  off  the  E.  coast  of  Australia,  on 
the  tropic  of  Capricorn. 

Caprino,,  two  towns  of  N.  Italy. 1. 

deleg.  Bergamo,  with   extens.  silk  mills. 

P.  1,600. II.  ccip.  dist.  deleg.  Verona. 

P.  3,40». 

Caprvke,  a  town  of -Belgium,  prov.  B. 
Flanders.  P.  3,829.  It  has  several  brew- 
eries, &  trade  in  timber. 

Capua,  a  city  of  Naples,  cap.  prov.  T. 


car] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


165 


di  Lavoro,  on  the  Volturno.  P.  8,100. 
It  was  fortfd.  by  Vauban,  &  is  consid.  one 
of  the  keys  of  the  kingdom. 

Capua,  a  town,  Colombia,  New  Gra- 
nada, dep.  Panama. 

Capurso,  a  town  of  Naples,  cap.  circ., 
prov.  Bari.     P.  2,760. 

Cara,  an  islet  of  Scotland,  co.  Argyle, 
off  its  W.  coast. 

Caeaeaya,  a  small  town  of  S.  America, 
Bolivia,  dep.  La  Paz. 

Carabobo,  a  prov.  of  Venezuela,  S. 
America,  with  a, small  town. 

Caracas,  or  Caeaccas,  the  cap.  city 
of  Venezuela,  S.  America,  dep.  &  prov. 
Caracas,  lat.  10°  30'  13"  N.,  on  a  decliv- 
ity, 2,880  ft.  in  elevation,  &  16  m.  S.S.E 
La  Guayra,  its  port,  on  the  Carrlbean 
sea.  P.  estim.  from  35,000  to  50,000.  It 
is  regularly  built,  well  supplied  with 
water,  &  has  a  healthy  climate.  Exports 
from  La  Guayra  consist  principally  of 
cacao,  cotton,  indigo,  tobacco,  coffee, 
hides,  &  live  cattle.  B-y  the  earthquake 
of  1812,  12,000  persons  perished;  since 
which  time  most  of  its  houses  have  been 
constructed  of  sun-dried  bricks.  It  is  the 
seat  of  a  university,  &  the  residence  of 
the  principal  merchants,  on  whose  account 
the  trade  of  La  Guayra  is  conducted. 

Caraglio,  a  town  of  Sard,  states.  Pied- 
mont. P.  with  comm.^,268.  It  has 
manufs.  of  silks,  &  5  annual  fairs, 

Caramagna,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  div. 
Coni,  prov.  Saluzzo.  P.  (with  comm.) 
3,670. 

Caraman,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  IL  Garonne.     P.  1,381. 

Caramanico,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Abruzzo  Citra.     P.  3,300. 

Caramnassa,  a  riv.  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  tribut.  to  the  Ganges,  & 
separating  the  old  provs.  Bahar  &  Be- 
nares. It  is  regarded  with  great  abhor- 
rence by  the  Hindoos,  who  consider  con- 
tact with  its  waters  sufficient  to  undo  all 
their  good  works  &  austerities.  Hence  its 
name,  "the  destruction  of  pious  works." 

Caranj^,  an  isl.  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid. Bombay,  in  Bombay  harbor. 

Carapella,  a  riv.  of  Naples,  prov. 
Capi4;anata,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  about 
48  m.  enters  the  Adriatic. 

Carasco,  a  vill.  of  the  Sard,  states, 
prov.  Chiavari.     P.  2J56. 

Carate,  a  town  of  Lombardy.  P. 
2,282. 

Caravaca,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Murcia,  on  an  affl.  of  the  Segura.  P. 
9,910.  It  has  a  college,  &  a  ruined  cas- 
tle. In  a  mountain  W.  of  the  town  is 
the  stalactitic  cavern  of  Barquilla. 


Caravaggio,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Lom- 
bardy, deleg.  Bergamo.  P.  5,998.  It  ia 
the  birth-place  of  the  renowned  painters 
Polidoro  Caldara  &  Michael  Angelo 
Merigj. 

Caravanchel,  two  contiguous  vills. 
of  Spain,  prov.  &  near  Madrid. 

Caravellas,  a  seaport  town  of  Brazil, 
cap.  Comarea,  prov.  Bahia,  dist.  Porto 
Seguro,  on  N.  side  of  the  bay  of  Cara- 
vellas in  the  Atlantic.  It  is  well  built ; 
&  from  its  port,  which  is  one  of  the  best 
frequented  in  the  prov.,  manioc  flour  & 
coffee  are  exported  to  Eio,  Bahia,  &  Per- 
nambuco.     P.  of  dist.  5,000. 

Carabajales,  two  towns  of  Spain. 

Carballo,  a  vill.  of  Spain,  prov.  Co- 
rmia,,  with  well-frequented  minrl.  sprlhga 
&  baths.     P.  365. 

Carbery,  a  dist.  of  Ireland,  Mungter, 
forming  the  S.  part  of  the  co.  Cork. 

Carbet  (Le),  a  town  of  Martinique, 
cap.  quarter,  on  ^Y.  side  of  the  isl.  S. 
of  the  town  is  the  Piton  de  Carbet,  a  vol- 
canic mntn.  5,200  (?)  ft.  in  elevation.  P. 
4,037,(2,860  slaves). 

Carbon,  a  new  co.  of  Pa.    P.  15,686. 

Cakbonara.  several  towns  of  Italy, 

&c. 1.  Naples,  prov.  princip.  Ult.     P. 

2,800. II.  prov.  Bari.  -P.  1,600. 

III-  a  vill.  of  Lombardy,  on  the  Po.     P. 

1,900. IV.  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 

Albania,  on  the  Vonizza. 

Careonara  (Cape),  lorms  the  S.E.  ex- 
tremity of  the  isl.  Sardinia. 

Carbon-Blanc,  a'  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Gironde.     P.  1,894. 

Carbond-ale,  "p-v.,  Luzerne  co.  Pa.,  on 
Laekawana  cr.  •  This  vill.  owes  its  exist- 
ence to  the  Laekawana  coal  mine.  Fall 
Brook  in  this  vill.  has  a  cascade  80  feet 
high.    P.  4,945, 

Carbone,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Ba- 
silicata.     P.  2,620, 

Carbonera-el-Mayor,  a  modern  town 
of  Spain,  prov.  Segovia.     P.  2,051. 

Careonne,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Garonne.     P.  1,328. 

OarcaBuey,  a  town  of  Sp,ain,  prov. 
Cordova.     P.  3,995. 

Carcajente,  a 'town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Valencia.  P.  6,150.  It  is  well  built,  & 
prosperous.     Linen  &  woollen  manufs. 

Cargavellos,  a  vill,  of  Portugal,  prov. 
Estremadura,  &  famous  for  its  wine 
(known  in  commerce  as  Calcavella). 

Carcassonne,  a  comm.  &  city  of  S. 
France,  cap.  dep.  Aude,  on  the  Aude  & 
the  Canal  du  Midi.  P.  15,380.  It  is 
divided  into  the  old  city,  &  the  new  town, 
by  the  river,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge  of 
10  arches.     The  old  city  stands  on  elev. 


166 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[cab 


ground,  &  is  interesting  "  as  retaining 
ttnchanged,  to  a  greater  extent  perhaps 
than  any  other  town  of  France,  the  aspect 
of  a  fortress  of  the  middle  ages."  It  is 
enclosed  by  walls  of  great  solidity,  por- 
tions of  which  are  supposed  to  be  as  old 
as  the  time  of  the  Visigoths.  It  has  been 
celeb,  since  the  12fch  cent,  for  its  manufs. 
of  cloth,  which  are  still  important.  Trade 
in  agricultural  produce  is  extensive. 

.Carcelen,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Al- 
bacete.  It  has  a  school  of  primary  in- 
struction, a  celebrated  annual  fair  in 
August,  &  numerous  Koman  ruins. 

Cahces,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Var,  on  the  Argens.  P.  2,101.  Silk 
weaving,  distilleries,  &  tanneries. 

Carculla,  a  town  of  Br.  India,  presid. 
Madras,  dist.  Canara. 

Cardaillac,  a  comm.  &  markt.  town 
of  France,  dep.  Lot.     P.  1,260. 

Cardiff,  a  pari.  &  munic.  bor.  &  sea- 
port of  S.  Wales,  cap.  co.  Glamorgan,  on 
the  Taaf,  here  crossed  by  a  fine  5  arched 
bridge.  P.  10,077.  The  trade  of  Cardiff 
is  large  &  increasing,  it  having  become 
the  port  of  Merthyr  Tydvil,  &  the  great 
outlet  for  the  mining  dist.  of  S.  Wales. 

Cardigan,  a  pari.  &  munic.  bor.  sea- 
port town,  &  pa.  of  S.  Wales,  cap.  co.  on 
the  Tewy,  5  m.  from  its  entrance  into  St. 
George's  channel.  P.  2,925.  Vessels 
exceeding  300  tons  can  enter  the  harbor, 
but  a  bar  at  its  mouth  renders  the  pass- 
age dangerous  in  rough  weather. 

Cardigan  BAY,un  inlet  of  St.  George's 
channel,  Wales,  between  Braoh-y-Pwll 
&  Stumble  Headlands.  , 

Cardiganshire,  a  co.  of  S.  Wales. 
Pop.  68,766.  Surface  level  on  the  coast ; 
mntnous.  in  the  interior,  but  intei'spersed 
with  fertile  valleys.  Plinlimmon,  2,463 
ft.  in  height,  is  in  its  F.E.  part.  Chf. 
rivs.  the  Teify,  Dovy,  Ridol,  Ystwith, 
Arth,  &  Towey.  Princip.  industry  is  the 
rearing  of  live  stock. 

Cardinale,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Calab.  Ult.     P.  2,500. 

Cahdito,  a  vill.  of  S.  Italy,  prov. 
Naples,  dist.  Casoria.     P.  3,220. 

Cardiva,  one  of  the  Maldive  islands, 
Indian  ocean,  lat.  5°  N.  Ioq.  73°  40'  E. 

Cardona,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Bar- 
celona.    P.  2,366. 

Careggi,  a  vill.  of  Tuscany. 

Cahennac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Lot,  with  1,000  inhabs. 

Carentan,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Manohe.  P.  2,559.  Manufs.  of 
lace  &  cotton,  &  export  trade  in  cattle, 
hogs,  &  corn. 

Carentoir,  a  comra.  &  vill.  of  France, 


cap.  cant.,  dep.  Morbihan.  P.  5,277. 
Trade  in  cider  &  butter. 

Caresana,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  div. 
Novara.    P.  2,716. 

Carhaix,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Finistere.     P.  1,827. 

Cariaco,  a  marit.  town  of  S.  Amer., 
Venezuela,  prov.  &  40  m.  E.  Cumana,  in 
a  fine  plain  watered  by  the  Cariaco  riv., 
near  the  head  of  the  gulf  of  Cariaco. 
P.  7,000.— The  G-idf  of  Cariaco  is  40  m. 
in  length  W.  to  E.,  by  10  m.  in  greatest 
breadth,  has  in  all  pts.  good  anchorage, 
&  has  richly  wooded  shores. 

Cariati,  a  seaport  town  of  Naples, 
prov.  Calab.  Citra.     P.  1,400. 

Caribbean  Sea,  that  portion  of  the 
Atlantic  ocean  which  extends  between 
Central  &  S.  Amer.,  &  the  isls.  of  Cuba, 
Hayti,  &  Porto  Rico,  communicating  on 
the  W.  with  the  gulf  of  Mexico. 

Carife,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Prin- 
cip. Ult.,  in  the  Apennines.  P.  2,230. 
It  has  a  colleg.  church  &  superior 
school. 

Carignan,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ardennes,  on  the  Chiers.  P.  1,792. 
Tile  &  brick-works. 

Carignano,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  prov. 
Turin,  near  1.  b.  of  the  Po.     P.  7,873. 

Carimata  Isl.,  a  small  isl.  in  the 
China  sea,  in  the  middle  of  the  Carimata 
or  Billiton  Strait,  between  the  isls.  Bor- 
neo &  Billiton.  Peak  2,000  feet  high.— 
Carimata-passage,  between  Borneo  & 
Billiton,  is  120  m.  across. 

Carimons,  several  isls.  of  the  Asiat. 

archipelago. 1.  {Great  4"  Little),   in 

the  strait  of  Malacca. II.  {Carimon- 

Java),  a  group  N.  of  Java. 

Carinena,  a  town  -  of  Spain,  prov. 
Zaragoza.     P.  2,648. 

Carini,  a  town  of  Sicily,  intend.  Pa- 
lermo.    P.  7,000. 

Carinthia,  a  prov.  of  Austria. 

Carinhenha,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov. 
Bahi.a,  on  1.  b.  of  the  San  Francisco,  &  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Carinhenha.     P.  2,000. 

Carinoi.a,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  T. 
di  Lavoro.  P.  4,815.  Its  vicinity  pro- 
duces esteemed  wine. 

Caripe,  a  town  &  valley  of  S.  Amer., 
Venezuela,  prov.  Cumana,  the  valley 
noted  for  a  cavern  frequented  by  a  spe- 
cies of  night  hawk,  the  young  of  which 
are  destroyed  in  vast  numbers  for  the 
sake  of  their  fat. 

Gahla-le-Comte,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ariege.     P.  1,842. 

Carlbe,  a  vill.  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid.  Bombay,  famous  for  some  remark- 
able cave  temples,  probably  of  Buddhio 


car] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER, 


16Y 


origin.  The  principal  of  these  6,000  ft. 
above  the  sea,  is  one  of  the  finest  exca- 
vations of  its  kind  in  India. 

Carlentini,  a  town  of  Sicily,  intend. 
Syracuse. 

Carlet,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Va- 
lencia, on  the  Requena.  P.  3,822.  Trade 
in  grain,  fruit,  &  wine.     Linen  weaving. 

Carlingford,  a  marit.  town  of  Ire- 
larid,  CO.  Louth,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Car- 
lingford bay.     P.  1,110. 

Carlinville,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Macoupin 
CO.  111.  Here  is  a  Presbyterian  theolo- 
gical seminary. 

Carlisle,  t.,  Middlesex  co.,  on  Con- 
cord r. II.  p-t.,  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y. 

In   its   vicinity  are  numerous   caverns. 

P.  1,850. III.  p-v.,  cap.  Cumberland 

CO.  Penn.  The  place  is  regularly  laid 
out  with  streets  crossing  at  right  angles. 
Dickinson  college  is  located  here.  It  has 
a  president,  7  professors,  600  alumni,  & 
a  library  of  10,600  vols.  P.  4,351.— 
IV.  p-v.,  cap.  Nicholas  co.  Ky.,  on  a 
small  branch  of  Licking  r. V.  t.,  Lor- 
raine CO.  0.,  watered  by  branches  of 
Black  r.,  which  afford  good  mill  seats. 
P.  1,094. 

Carlisle,  a  city  &  river-port  of  Eng- 
land, cap.,  CO.  Cumberland,  on  a  gentle 
eminence,  near  the  -eonfl.  of  Eden,  Cal- 
dew,  &  Petrie  rivs.,  at  the  termination 
of  the  London  &  N.W.  railway.  P.  23,- 
012.  Its  principal  streets  diverge  from 
an  irregularly  shaped  mkt.  place,  &  are 
wide,  handsome,  &  well-paved,  &  sup- 
plied with  water. 

Carloforte,  a  town,  Sard,  sta.,  on  the 
isl.  San  Pietro,  near  the  S.W.  coast  of 
the  island  Sardinia.  P.  3,235.  It  has 
extensive  fisheries  &  important  salt 
works. 

Carlopago,  a  seaport  town  of  Aus- 
trian Croatia,  on  the  Adriatic.  P.  960. 
Active  trade  in  wine,  timber,  &  fish. 

Carlopoli,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Calab.  Ult.     P.  2,200. 

Carlos  (San),  a  town  of  S.  Amer., 
Chile,  cap.  prov.  &  on  N.W.  coast  of  Chi- 
loe  Island. 

.Carlos  (San),  a  town  of  S.  Amer., 
Venezuela,  in  a  valley  on  the  Aguare. 
P.  10,000.  {!) 

Carlota  (La),  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
&  17  m.  S.S.W.  Cordova.     P.  3,252. 

Carlow,  an  inland  co.  of  Ireland, 
Leinster.  Area  346  sq.  m.  P.  (in  1840) 
86,228,  (in  1850)  68,157.  Surface,  ex- 
cept in  the  S.  flat.  Princip.  rivs.,  the 
Barrow  &  Slaney. 

Carlow,  a  town  of  Irel.,  cap.  above 
CO.,  at  the  confl.  of  the  Burren  with  the 


navig.  Barrow.  P.  8,734.  It  is  clean  & 
well-built. 

Carlsbad,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  ciro. 
Elbogen,  on  the  Tdpel,  Prague,  famous 
for  its  hot  springs.  Inhab.  3,000.  It  is 
the  most  aristocratic  watering-place  in 
Europe. 

Carlscrona,  a  marit.  lasn  or  prov.  in 
the  S.  of  Sweden,  between  lat.  56°  &  56° 
30'  N.,  having  S.  &  E.  the  Baltic.  Area 
1,132  sq.  m.  P.  95,807.  Principal 
towns  Carlscrona  &  Carlshamn. 

Carlscrona,  a  seaport  town  of  Swe- 
den, &  the  principal  station  of  the  Swedish 
navy,  cap.  Issn,  near  the  S.  extremity  of 
the  kgdm.,  on  5  small  isls.  in  the  Baltic, 
connected  by  bridges  with  each  other  & 
the  mainland.  P.  12,200.  It  has  an  ex- 
tensive &  safe  harbor,  with  depth  of 
water  sufficient  for  the  largest  ships. 

Carlsdal,  the  name  of  some  extensive 
iron- works,  with  a  cannon -foundry  & 
manufs.  of  arms,  Sweden. 

Carlshamn,  a  fbrtfd.  seaport  town  of 
Sweden,  on  the  Baltic.     P.  4,040. 

Caelso.  a  small  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  W. 
of  Gothland. 

Carlsruhe,  a  city  of  "W.  Germany, 
cap.  grand  duchy  of  Baden,  &  of  the  circ. 
of  Midd.  Pihine,  on  the  railw.  from  Mann- 
heim to  Basle,  4  m.  E.  of  the  Rhine.  P. 
23,748.  Its  principal  streets  converge 
"  like  rays"  towards  the  palace  as  a  cen- 
tre, facing  which  is  a  fine  circus,  with  the 
government  offices.  The  grand  ducal 
palace  has  a  tower  commanding  a  fine 
view,  a  museum,  &  a  library  of  80,000 
vols. 

Carlstad,  a  Isen  or  prov.  of  Sweden, 
having. S.  Lake  Wener  &  Wenersborg, 
W-  Norway.  Area,  6,929  sq.  m.  P. 
195,546.  Surface  mountainous  or  hilly, 
interspersed  with  numerous  lakes  &  rivs. ; 
the  princip.  of  the  latter  is  the  Clara.  The 
prov..  comprises  some  rich  iron  mines, 
&  the  towns  Carlstad  &  Christineham. 

■Carlstad,  an  inland  town  of  Sweden, 
cap.  above  Isen,  on  the  isl.  Tingvalla, 
near  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Wener.  P. 
3,040.  It  is  regularly  built,  &  has  a 
handsome  cathedral,  a  college  with  li- 
brary &  observatory. 

Carlton,  p-t.,  Orleans  eo.  N.  Y.,  on 
Lake  Ontario.     P.  2,275. 

Carluke,  a  munic.  bor.  of  Scotl.,  co' 
Lanark.     P.  4,802. 

Carlysle,  p-v.,  cap.  Clinton  co.  111., 
on  the  W.  side  of  Kaskaskia  r.,  215  m. 
above  its  mouth. 

Carmagnola,  a  town  of  the  Sard,  sta., 
Piedmont,  on  the  Po,  prov.  Turin.  P. 
with  comm.  12,382.     It  is  well  built ;  its 


168 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGKAPHY. 


[car 


princip'.  squares  &  streets  are  ornamented 
with  porticoes. 

Caumaux,  a  eomm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn,  on  the  Ceron.  P.  1,951.  Ex- 
tens,  coal  mines  in  its  vicinity. 

Carmel,  p-t.,  cap.  Putnam  co.  N.Y. 
In  this  town  &  vicinity  are  small  lakes 
from  some  of  which  the  head-waters  of 
the  Croton  r.  proceed.     P.   2,442. — —II. 

t.,  Penobscot  co.  Me. III.  (Mount), 

a  famous  mntn.  of  Palestine,  forming  the 
extremity  of  a  range  of  hills,  which  ex- 
tend N.W.  from  the  plain  of  Esdraelnn, 
rounding  the  bay  of  Acre  on  its  S.  side, 
&  terminating  in  a  steep  promontory  in 
the  Mediterranean,  elev.  about  1,500  ft. 

Carmen,  an  isl.  of  Central  Amer.,  Yu- 
catan, in  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  90  m.  S.Vf. 
Campeachy,  &  bounding  the  Lake  Ter- 
minos  on  the  north. 

Carmen,  an  isl.,  gulf  of  California, 
immed.  opposite  Loreto.  It  contains  a 
large  salt  lake,  with  a  solid  crust  of  salt 
several  feet  thick. 

Carmen,  a  township,  of  Ireland,  Lein- 
ster,  CO.  Kildare.  Hero  are  Druidical 
remains. 

Carmen  (El),  a  town  of  Buenos 
Ayres,  on  Eio  Negro,  18  m.from  its  mouth 
in  the  Atlantic,  &  500  m.  S.W.  Buenos 
Ayres.     P.  2,000. 

Carmignano,  a  market  town  of  Tus- 
cany, in  the  Val  d'Ombrone,  prov.  Flo- 
rence.    P.  1,389. 

Carmoe,  an  isl.  of  Norway,  stift  Chris- 
tiansand,  cant.  Stavanger,  in  the  N.  sea. 
L.  21  m.,  aver.  br.  5  m.     P.  6,390. 

Carmona,  a  city  of  Spain,  prov.  Se- 
villa.  P.  13,072.  It  is  picturesquely 
sit.  on  an  isolated  hill. 

Carmy,  p-v.,  cap.  White  co.  111.,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  Little  Wabash  r. 

Carnac,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan.  P.  3,437.  The  village 
*  is  remarkable  for  the  druidical  monu- 
ments in  its  vicinity.  These  consist  of 
more  than  5,000  granite  blocks  in  the 
form  of  obelisks,  resti.ng  on  their  points, 
&  disposed  in  11  rows  parallel  with  the 
coast. 
■*  Carnai-rayaga,  a  vill.  of  N.  Hihdos- 

tan,  dist.  Grurbwal,  &  one  of  tbe  principal 
holy  places  of  Hindoo  pilgrimage. 

Carnatic  (The),  one  of  the  old  sub- 
divisions of  India,  constituting  formerly 
the  dotn.  of  Nabobs  of  Areot. 

Carneillb  (La)  &  Carnet,  two  vills. 
of  France,  Normandy;  the  former  dep. 
Orne,  the  latter  dep.  Manehe. 

Carnesville,  p-v.,  cap.  Franklin  co. 
Ga. 

Carnew,  a  township  of  Irel.,  Leinster, 


CO.  Wicklow.  The  town  is  well  built,  & 
has  remains  of  a  castle. 

Carnicobar,  the  most  N.  of  the  Nico- 
bar  isls.,  bay  of  Bengal.  It  is  about  40 
m.  in  cii'C,  low,  densely  wooded  &  very 
productive,  but  unhealthy. 

Caenieres,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Bel- 
gium, prov.  Hainault.  P.  1,975.  Ex- 
tens,  coal  mines  &  iron  foundries  &  man- 
ufactures of  nails,  employing  300  work- 
men. 

Cahniola,  aprov.  of  Austria.  [Ksain.] 

Carnoustie,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Scotl.,  co. 
Forfar.     P.  1,268.    - 

Carnsore  Point,  a  headland  forming 
the  S.E.  extremity  of  the  Irish  mainland, 
Leinster. 

Caroche,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  Vene- 
zuela, dep.  Zulia,  prov.  Truxillo. 

Carolina  (La),  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 

Jaen.      P.    1,739. II.    a   town   of  S. 

America,  Venezuela,  dep.  Orinoco,  on  the 

Arui. III.  a  t.,  dep.  Cundinamarca, 

prov.  Antioquia. 

Caroline,  county,  Md.  in  the  E.  part 
of  the  state,  between  Delaware  &  a  branch 
of  Choptauk  r.  *  P.  9,692.     Cap.  Denton. 

II.  county,  Va.,  in  tjie  E.  part  of  the 

state,  bounded  N.   lay  Rappahannock    r. 

P.  18,456.     Cap.  Bowling  Green. III. 

p-t.,  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y. ;  drained  by  W. 
Osw.ego  &  Six-mile  era.  40  saw-mills. 
P;  2,4.57. 

Caroline  Islands,  or  New  Philip- 
pines, one  of  the  great  archips,  of  Oce- 
ania, Isetw.  the  Philippines,  the  Marian- 
nes, the  Marshall  isls.  &  Papua,  &  in-  , 
eluding  the  Pelew  isls.  extend  from  W. 
to  E.  over  a  space  of  2,000  m.  They  are 
divided  into  numerous  groups. 

Caroline  Isl.,  one  of  the  Marquesas 
group,  S.  Pacific,  lying  N.  of  Eimeo,  a  low 
lying  strip  of  land  covered  with  verdure, 
about  5  m.  in  circumference. 

Carolinensyhl,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Han- 
over, on  the  N.  sea.     P.  1,500. 

Cahomb,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Vaucluse.     P.  2,100. 

Caron,  a  mi-kt.  town  of  S.  Wales,  co 
Cardigan,  on  the  Berwyn. 

Caronpelet,  p-v.,  St.  Louis  co.  Mo., 
on  the  AV.  bank  of  the  Mississippi.  P. 
2,093. 

Caronia,  a  marit.  town  of  Sicily,  in- 
tend. Messina,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  isl. 
P.  2,200. 

Carony,  a  riv.  of  S.  America,  Vene- 
zuela, dep.  Orinoco,  rises  in  the  Sierra 
Paoaraima,  &  after  a  generally  N.-ward 
course  of  perhaps  400  m.,  joins  the  Ori- 
noco, 85  m.  E.  Angostura. 

Caroor,  a  town  of  Brit  India,  presid. 


car] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


169 


Madras,  on  the  Carery  r.    Near  it  are  a 
fort  &  largo  temple. 

Carora,  a  town  of  S.  America,  Vene- 
zuela, prov.  &95m.  S.W.  Coro.  P.  6,200. 
(?)  It  is  well  built,  &  has  manufs.  of 
saddlery,  leather,  ropes,  hammocks. 
'  Carotto,  a  vill.  of  Naples,  on  the 
S.E.  side  of  the  bay  of  Naples. 

Cahouge,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Geneva,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Arve.  P.  4,400. 
It  is  regularly  built,  finely  situated,  & 
surrounded  by  elegant  villas.  Manufs. 
thread,  watches,  clay  pipes,  &  leather. 

Carovigno,  a  town  of  .Naples,  prov. 
Otranto.     P.  3,000. 

Carovilh,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Molise.     P.  I,90&^. 

Caepane,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  gov.  Ve- 
nice, on  1.  b.  of  the  Brenta.     P.  1,750. 

Carpathian  Mountains,  form  the 
N.E.  porlion  of  the  mntn.  system  of  S. 
Europe,  &  extend,  nearly  in  the  form  of 
a  semicircle.  They  consist  of  a  series  of 
mntn.  groups, connected  by  elev.  plateaus. 
The  culminating  point  is  the  Lomnitzer 
spitze,  in  the  Tatra  group,  8,779  ft.  in 
elcv. ;  the  lower  peaks  vary  fiom  200  to 
3,000  ft.  They  are  extremely  rich  in  met- 
als, including  gold,  silver,  copper,  lead, 
mercury,  &  rock  salt ;  their  valleys  pro- 
duce excellent  grain,  &  their  sides  are  cov- 
ered with  valuable  forests. 

Carpenedolo,  a  town  of  N.  Italy, 
Lombardy.     P.  4,500. 

Carpentaria  (Gulf  of),  a  large  gulf 
of  the  S.  Pacific  ocean,  indenting  deeply 
the  N.  coast  of  Australia,  between  capes 
Arnhem  &  York.  Average  length  & 
breadth  about  350  miles  each.  Coasts 
generally  low,  but  on  the  W.  greatly  in- 
dented. 

Carpentras,  a  comm.  &  t.  of  France, 
dep.  Vaucluse,  on  the  Auzon.  P.  7,691. 
It  is  surrounded  by  anc.  walls.  Chief 
edifices,  a  cathed.,  palace  of  justice,  hos- 
pital, a  modern  aqueduct,  &  a  Roman 
triumphal  arch.  It  has  a  public  library 
&  museums,  &  is  an  entrepot  for  the  pro- 
ducts of  the  S.  of  France. 

Carpi,  two  fortfd.  towns  of  N.  Italy, 

1,  duchy  Modena,  on  the  canal  of 

Carpi.      P.   5,000. II.   a   town,    gov. 

Venice,  oa  rt.  b.  of  the  Adige. 

Cahpignano,    a   vill.    of    Sard,    sta, 

Piedmont.     P.   2,171. II.   a  vill.    of 

Naples,  prov.  Otranto.     P.  1,000. 

Carpineti,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  duchy 
Modena.  P.  1,400.— — Carpineto  is  the 
name  of  several  vills.  in  the  Pontif.  states, 
&o. 

Carpino,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Capitanato,  on  Mt.  iSargano.     P.  5,300. 


It  is  also  the  name  of  a  mountain  in 
Calabria. 

Carpio,  a  small  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Cordova,  on  the  Guadalquivir.    P.  2,696. 

Carpio  (El),  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Toledo,  near  r.  b.  of  the  Tagus.  P.  2,488. 

II.  prov.  &  35  m.  S.W.  Valladolid. 

P.  941. 

Carquefoit,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Loire  Inf.     P.  2,626. 

Carranca,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  dist. 
of  same  name,  erected  in  1841,  prov.  Mi- 
nas-Geraes,  on  upp.  course  of  the  Rio 
Grande.     P.  of  dist.  4,000. 

Carran-Tual,  the  highest  mntn.  of 
Ireland,-  Munster,  co.  jKerry.  Elev. 
3,414  ft. 

Carrar,  Or  considerable  town  of  India, 
Deccan. 

Carraha,  a  city  of  Italy,  duchy  Mo- 
dena, on  the  Avenza.  P  .6,115.  It  has  a 
coll.  an  acad.  of  the  fine  arts,  &  an  active 
industry  in  the  preparation  of  marble. 

Carrega,  a  vill.  of  Sard,  states,  div. 
Genoa.     P.  (with  comm.)  3,334. 

Carriacou,  the  largest  of  the  Grena- 
dine isls.  (British  W.  Indies),  20  m.  N.E. 
Grenada.  Length,  7  m.,  breadth,  from 
2  to  4  m.  It  is  well  cultiv. ;  chf  crop  cotton. 

Cahrickbeg,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Mun- 
ster, CO.  Waterford,  on  the  Suir.  P.  2,680. 

Carrickfergus,  a  seaport  of  Ireland, 
Ulster,  CO.  Antrim,  on  Belfast  Lough.  P. 
8,488.  The  town,  formerly  a  place  of 
strength,  has  some  remains  of  fortfs. 
raised  in  1576.     Houses  mostly  of  stone. 

Carrickmachoss,  Magheross,  a  mkt. 
town  of  Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  Monaghan. 
P.  1,997. 

Carrick-on-Shannon,  a  disfranchised 
pari.  bor.  &  mrfet.  town  of  Ireland,  Con- 
naught,  cap.  CO.  Leitrim,  on  the  Shannon. 

Carrick-on-Suir,  a  mrkt.  town  of 
Ireland,  Munster,  co.  Tipperary,  on  the 
Suir,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge  built  in 
the  14  cent.     P.  8,359. 

Carrig-o-Gunnel,  a  vill.  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  co.  Limerick.  Its  ruined  castle 
on  a  lofty  rock,  was  formerly  a  strong- 
hold of  the  O'Briens,  kings  of  Munster, 
but  blown  up  at  a  siege  of  Limerick,  in 
1691. 

Carrigufoyle,  a  small  isl.  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  co.  Kerry,  in  the  estuary  of  the 
Shannon. 

Carrion,  several  towns  of  Spain. 

I.  (G.  de  Calatrava),  prov.  Ciudad  Real. 

P.  2,608. II.  {de  los  Cespedes),  prov. 

Sevilla. III.   {de  los   Condes),  prov. 

Palencia.  on  1.  b.  of  the  Carrion.  P.  2,500. 

Carr  Rock,  a  portion  of  a  reef  in  the 
N.  Sea,  off   Fife-Ness   (Scotland).     A 


170 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[car 


masonry  beacon  on  this  rock,  was  com- 
pleted in  1818,  at  a  cost  of  5,000/.  Elev. 
30  ft. 

Carroll,  co.,  N.  H.,  in  the  E.  part  of 
the  state.  It  has  Winnipiseogee,  a,  lake, 
on  the  S.W.  border.  Ossipee  lake  &  a 
part  of  Squam  lake  are  within  it.  It  has 
also  Ossipee  mntn.      P.   20,156.      Cap. 

Ossipee. II.   co.,  Md.,  in  the  N.  part 

of  the  state.  Contains  500  square  m., 
drained  by  Patapsco  &  Monococy  r.  It 
is  a  fertile  &  wealthy  county.  P.  20,616. 
Cap.  Westminster. III.  co.,  Ga.,  to- 
wards the  N.W.  part  of  the  state,  having 
Chattahoochee  riv.  on  the  S.E.  Con- 
tains 800  sq.  m.  P.  9,357.  Cap.  Carroll- 
ton. IV.  CO.,  Miss.,  near  the  centre  of 

the  state,  between  Yazoo  &  Big  Black  rs. 
It  contains  950  sq.  m.     P.  18,491.     Cap. 

Carrollton. V.  pa.,  La.,  in  the  N.B. 

part  of  the  state,  with  the  Mississippi  on 

the  E.    P.  8,789.     Cap.  Providence. 

VI.  CO.,  Tenn.,  in  the  W.  part  of  the 
state,  between  the  Tennessee  &  Missis- 
sippi rivs.  It  contains  960  sq.  m.  Great 
numbers  of  cattle,  sheep,  &  swine  are 
reared.    P.   15,967.     Cap.   Huntingdon. 

VII.  CO.,  Ky.,  in  the  N.  part  of  the 

state,  on  Ohio  riv.  P.  5,526.  Cap.  Car- 
rollton.  VIII.  CO.,  0.,  in  the  E.  part 

of  the  state,  drained  by  Sandy,  Conotten, 
&  Yellow  crs.    Soil  excellent.     P.  17,685. 

Cap.  Carrollton. IX.  co.,  la.,  N.  part 

of  the  state,  traversed  by  Wabash  riv. 
Has  timber  land  &  prairie.     P.  11,015. 

Bap.  Delphi. X.  co..   111.,  in  the  N. 

part  of  the  state,  on  the  Mississippi.  Soil 

fertile.   P.  4,586.    Cap.  Savanna. -XI. 

CO.,  Mo.,  between  the  Missouri  &  Grand 
rivs.    It  contains  700  sq.  m.     P.  5,441. 

Cap.  Carrollton. XII.  co..  Ark.,  in  the 

N.W.  part  of  the  state,  drained  by  bran- 
ches of  Little  White  &  Red  riv.  P.  4,614. 

Cap.  Carrollton. XIII.  a  new  co.  of 

Md.    P.  20,616. XIV.  a  new  co.  of  W. 

Va.     P.  5,909. XV.  t.,  Coos  co.  N.  H. 

It  lies  at  the  base  of  AVhite  mountains. 

XVI.  p-t.,  Chautauque  co.  N.  Y. 

XVII.  t.,  York  CO.  Penn.     Tanneries  & 

distilleries. XVIII.   t.,    Washington 

CO.  Penn.  P.  1,235. XIX.  t.,  Cambria 

CO.  Penn. XX.  t.,  Perry  co.  Penn.     P. 

1,100. 

Carrollton,  p-v.,  cap.  Carroll  co.  0. 

II.  cap.  Carroll  co.  Ky. III.  cap. 

Carroll  co.   Ga. IV.  cap.  Carrol  co. 

Miss. V.  cap.  Carroll  co.  Ark. VI. 

cap.  Carroll  co.  Miss. VII.  cap.  Pick- 
ens CO.  Ala. VIII.  cap.  Greene  co.  111. 

Carron,  a  riv.  &  vill.  of  Scotland,  co. 
Stirling,  the  riv.  entering  the  firth  of 
Forth,  after  an  E.-ward  course  of  about 


15  m.    On  its  N.  bank,  2  m.  N.E.  Falkirk, 
is  the  vill.  with  the  "  Carron  ironworks." 
Carrouges,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Orne.     P.  2,289. 

Carrowmore,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  Con- 
naught,  CO.  Mayo. 

Carru,  a  town  of  the  Sardinian  states, 
Piedmont.     P.  3,772. 

Carryall,  t..  Calling  co.  0. 
Carse,  a  term  for  several  contiguous 
dists.  in  Scotland. 

Cart,  two  rivs.  of  Scotland,  co.  Ren- 
frew, the  united  stream  of  which  enters 
the  firth  of  Clyde,  6  m.  below  Glasgow. 

Cartagena,  a  celebrated  city  &  sea- 
port, &  the  chief  naval  arsenal  of  Spain, 
on  a  noble  bay  of  the  Mediterr.,  prov.  & 
27  m.  S.S.E.  Murcia.  P.  27,727  ;  in  1786 
it  contained  60,000  iohabs.  It  occupies 
the  declivity  of  a  hill,  &  a  small  plain 
extending  to  the  harbor,  which  is  one  of 
the  best  in  the  Mediterranean,  &  protected 
from  all  winds  by  surrounding  heights,  & 
by  an  island  on  the  S.  The  city,  though 
dull,  dilapidated  &  unhealthy,  owing  to 
an  adjacent  swamp,  has  some  good  streets 

&  houses. II.  a  strongly  fortifd.  city 

&  seaport  of  S.  Amer.,  New  Granada,  of 
which  republic  it  is  the  chief  naval  arse- 
nal, cap.  prov.,  t)n  a  sandy  penins.  in  the 
Caribbean  sea.  Lat.  of  the  dome  10° 
25' 38"  N.,  Ion.  77°  54' 25"  W.  P.  10,000, 
9-lOths  of  whom  are  a  mi.xed  black  race. 
It  is  well  laid  out,  &  built  mostly  of 
stone.  It  has  a  massive  citadel,  a  college 
with  about  200  pupils,  various  seminaries, 
&  2  hospitals.  Its  excellent  port  is  de-  • 
fended  by  two  forts,  &  is  the  only  harbor 
on  the  N.  coast  of  New  Granada  adapted 
for  repairing  vessels.  Cartagena  is  the 
principal  depot  for  the  produce  of  the 
provs.  watered  by  the  Cauca  &  Magde- 
lena  rivers. 

Cartago,  a  riv.  &  bay  of  Cent.  Amer., 
Mosquito  coast,  the  river,  rising  about 
lat.  14°  37'  N.,  &  after  a  N.N.E.  course 
of  about  45  m.,  entering  the  bay,  which 
is  a  large  lagoon  communicating  with  the 
Caribbean  sea. 

Cartago,  a  ruined  city  of  Central 
Amer.,  state  Costa  Rica.,  &  formerly  its 
cap.,  on  the  riv.  Cartago,  about  60  m. 
from  its  mouth  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  It 
was  so  demolished  by  the  earthquake  in 
1841,  that  of '3,000  houses  &  8  churches, 
only  100  of  the  former  &  one  of  the  latter 

were  left  standing. II.  a  town  of  S. 

Amer.,  New  Granada,  dep.  Cauca,  prov. 
Popayan,  on  the  Viega,  an  aflflt.  of  the 
Cauca.  P.  3,000.  It  is  handsome,  &  has 
some  trade  in  fruits,  coflFee,  cocoa, 
tobacco,  cattle,  &  dried  beef 


CAs] 


UNIVERSAL  GAZETTEKR. 


IVI 


Cartama,  an  anc.  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Malaga,  on  the  Guadaljore.    P.  1,993. 

Cartaya,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Huelva.     P.  4,097.     Manufs.  of  linens. 

Carter,  county,  Tenn.,  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  the  state,  drained  by  Watauga  r. 
Contains  540  sq.  m.  Surface  rooky  & 
mountainous.  P.  6,296.  Cap.  Elizabeth- 
town. II.  county,    Ky.,   in  the  N.E. 

part  of  the  state ;  drained  by  Little 
Sandy  riv.,  &  Tygard's  cr.  P.  6,241. 
Cap.  Graysing. 

Carthage,    t.,    Franklin     co.     Me. ; 

watered    by  Webb's    river. II.  p-v., 

Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.,   on-the  N.E.  side  of 

Black  River. III.  p-v.,  Hamilton  co. 

0. IV.  p-v.,  cap.  Moore  eo.  N.C. 

V.  p.-v.,  cap.  Leake  co.  Miss. VI.  t., 

Athens  co.  0.,  in  S.E.  part  of  the  co. 

VII.  v.,  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.,  at  the  lower 

falls  of  Geue?ee  riv. VIII.  p-v.,  cap. 

Hancock  co.  111. 

Carteret,  county,  N.  C,  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  the  state,  containing  600  sq.  m. 
It  lies  along  the  Atlantic,  with  sandy 
isles,  &  reefs  in  front,  on  one  of  which  is 
Cape  Lookout.     Soil  marshy.     P.  6,803. 

Cap.  Beaufort. II.  isl..  Pacific  ocean, 

Solomon  archip..  is  in  lat.  8°  50'  S.,  Ion. 

160°  48'  E. III.  a  eomm.  &  vill.  of 

France,  dep.  Manche,  on  bay  of  same 
name,  opp.  Jersey,  in  the  Engl,  channel". 

Carthage  Cape,  a  promontory  of  N. 
Africa,  in  the  Mediterranean.  Lat.  36° 
52'  22"  N.,  Ion.  10°  21'  49"  E.  Traces 
of  the  celeb,  city  of  Carthage,  the  great 
rival  of  Rome,  are  found  on  the  promon- 
tory N.  of  the  lagoon  of  Tunis,  which 
formed  its  port. 

Cartmel,  a  market  town  of  Engl.,  co. 
Lancaster,  on  Morecombe  bay.  Area  of 
pa.  22,960  ac.     P.  4,927. 

Carupano,  a  seaport  town  of  S.  Amer., 
Venezuela,  cap.  prov.  &  65  m.  N.E. 
Cumana,  on  the  Caribbean  sea,  at  the 
mouths  of  two  small  rivers,  defended  by 
a  fort. 

Carvalho,  a  town  of  Portuga,l,  prov. 
Beira,  at  foot  of  mntn.  of  ssime  name. 

Cahvin-Epinoy,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Pas-de-Calais.  ,  P.  4,038. 
Manufs.  beet-root,  sugar,  &  starch. 

Carvoeiro,  a  cape  of  Portugal,  prov. 
Algarve,  lat.  of  light-ho.,  39°  21'  48"  N.; 
Ion.  9°  25'  W. 

Carver,  t.,  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  Iron 
ore  found.     P.  995. 

Carwar,  a  ruined  seaport  town  of 
British  India,  presid.  Madras,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Cauly  river,  in  the  Indian 
ocean,  Goa. 

Carysfoot  Isl.,  Pacific  0.,  is  a  coral 


reef  encircling  a  lagoon,  in  lat.  20°  44' 
S.,  Ion.  138°  22'  W. 

Carysfort,  a  disfranchised  bor.  of 
Ireland,  Leinster,  co.  Wicklow. 

Casaba,  two  towns  of  Asia-Minor. 

I.  Anatolia,  30  m.  N.E.  Smyrna.  It  has 
2  handsome  mosques,  some  dirty  streets, 
&  a  bazaar. II.  a  town,  pash.  Kara- 
mania,  sanj.  Konieh.  It  is  enclosed  by 
ruinous  walls,  is  mostly  built  of  stone, 
&  has  a  good  bazaar. 

Casa-Branca,  a  new  town  of  Brazil, 
prov.    St.    Paul,    dist.   Mogi-Mirin.     P. 

3,000. II.  a  vill.,  prov.  Minas-Geraes, 

dist.  Ouro-Preto.     P.  2,000. 

Casacalenda,  a  tovvnof  Naples,  prov. 
Molise.     P.  4,670. 

Casal,  a  prefix  of  the  names  of  numer. 

towns  &  vills.  in  Italy. 1.  {C.Bellotto), 

Lombardy,    deleg.   Cremona.     P.   1,340. 

II.  (Bordino),  Naples,  prov.  Abruzzi 

Citra.     P.   1,600. III.   {Bore),  prov. 

princip.Ult.  P.  1,640. IV.  (Borgone), 

Sard,  sta.,  prov.  Turin.     P.  2,091. V. 

{Buttano),   Lomba,rdy,  deleg.   Cremona. 

P.    3,903. VI.    {Cipriani),   Naples, 

prov.    Molise. VII.    {di    Principe), 

prov.   T.   di  Lavoro. VIII.  {duni), 

prov.  Molise.     P.  2,700. 

Casale,  a  city  of  the  Sardinian  sta., 
Piedmont,  div.  Alessandria,  cap.  prov., 
on  rt.  b.  of  the  Po.  here  crossed  by  an  iron 
bridge.  P.  19,300.  Principal  edifices, 
the  cathedral,  with  good  paintings,  a 
clock-tower  of  the  10th  century,  a  town- 
hall,  college,  &  public  library.  Its  prin- 
cipal manuf.  is  of   silk   twist. II.  a 

town  of  Piedmont,  prov.  Pallanza,  on  tho 

Strona.      P.   1,900. III.   a    town    of 

Naples,   prov.  T.   di  Lavoro.     P.  1,600. 

IV.  a  vill.,  N.  Italy,  deleg.  Treviso. 

^ — V.  {delta  Trinita),  a  town  of  Naples, 
prov.    Capitanata,    on   Lake   Salpi.     P. 

3.800. VI.  {di  Lecce),  prov.  Abruzzo 

Ult.  II.    P.  1,072. VII.  {Lo-Sturno), 

prov.  princip.  Ult.     P.  2,130. VIII. 

{Nuovo),  Tuscany,  prov.  Pisa. 

Casal- Maggiore,  a  town  of  Lom- 
bardy, deleg.  Cremona,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Po.  P.  4,907.  It  has  manufs.  of  glass, 
earthenware,  &  cream  of  tartar. 

Casalnocetto,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont, 
prov.  Tortona.    P.  1,130. 

CASALN0OVO,  .a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Calab.  Cit.,  near  the  gulf  of  Taranto.     P. 

6,130. II.  a  town,  prov.  Naples.     P. 

2,800. III.  a  town,  prov.  Princip.  Cit. 

P.  1,700.- IV.  a  town,  prov.  Capita- 
nata.    P.  2,400. 

Casal-Pusterlengo,  a  town,  Lom- 
bardy.   P.  5,601. 

Casalvecchio,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 


172 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY 


[cAS 


Capitanata.     P.  1,600. II.  ~^a  vill.  of 

Sicily,  on  a  mountain.     P.  2,000. 

Casalvieki,  a  town  of  Naples,  proy. 
T.  di  Lavoro.     P.  3,670. 

Casamanza,  a  riv.  of  W.  Africa,  Sene- 
gambia,  whiclj  enters  the  Atlantic  60  m. 
S.  the  Gambia  riv. 

Casamarciano,  a  vill.  of  Naples,  prov. 
T.  di  Lavoro,  with  1,790  inhabs.  &  a  mag- 
nificent &  rich  convent,  founded  in  1134. 

Casamassima,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Bari.  P.  3,750.  It  has  a  convent  &  two 
abbeys. 

Casamicciola,  a  town  of  Naples,  dist. 
Puzzuola,  at  the  foot  of  the  M.  Epomeo. 
P.  3,420.     It  has  therm,  springs  &  baths. 

Casanare^  a  town  of  S.  America,  New 
Granada,  cap.  prov.,  on  riv.  same  name, 
194  m.  N.E.  Bogota. 

Casandrino,  a  vill.  of  S.  Italy,  prov. 
Naples.     P.  2,900. 

Casanova  &  Casapulla,  two  contig. 
towns  of  Naples,  prov.  T.  di  Lavoro. 

Casarabonela,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Malaga.  P.  4,666.  It  has  considerable 
commerce  in  wine  &  fruit. 

Casarano,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Otranto.     P.  2,600. 

Casar-de-Caceres,  a. town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Caceres.     P.  4,047. 

Casahes,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Mal- 
aga. P.  4,500.  It  has  active  manufs.  of 
leather,  &  brandy  distilleries. 

Casarza,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  Sardinian 
states,  div.  Genoa.     P.  900. 

Casas-de-Ibanez,  a  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Albaceti.    P.  3,270. 

Casbin,  a  town  of  Persia. 

Cascaes,  a  seaport  town  of  Portugal, 
Estremadura,  on  the  Atlantic.  P.  2,500. 
It  has  a  small  harbor  protected  by  two 
forts,  &  manuf.  of  woollens. 

Cascante,  a  town  of  Spain,  Navarre, 
on  the  Queiles.  P.  2,928. — -II.  a  vill., 
prov.  Teruel. 

Cascavel,  a  new  town,  of  Brazil, 
erected  in  1841,  cap.  dist.  same  name, 
prov.  Ceara,  at  the  foot  of  mntn.  of  same 
name,  on  riv.  &  40  m.  S.W.  the  port  of 
Ceara.     P.  8,690. 

Cascia,  a  town.  Cent.  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.,  cap.  gov.  of  same  name.     P.  3,200. 

Casciano  (San),  two    vills..  Central 

Italy,    Tuscany. 1,    r.rov.    Florence. 

P.  2,000.     Manufs.   artificial    flowers   & 

straw  hats. II.    {dei    Bagni),    prov. 

Siena.  P.  2,800.  It  derives  its  name 
from  its  mini,  baths,  the  best  frequented 
in  Tuscany. 

Cascina,  a  vill.  of  Tuscany,  prov.  Pisa, 
on  the  Arno.     P.  2,588. 

Oasco  (Bay  of),  Maine,  co.  Cumber- 


land, lat.  44°  N.,  Ion.  68°  W.,  is  at  its 
entrance  20  m.  in  width.  Contains  300 
small  isls. 

Caselle,  a  town,  Sard,  states,  prov. 
Turin.     P.  4,288.     Manufs.  of  silk  twist 

&  paper. II.  a  town  of   Lombardy. 

P.  1,500. HI.  {Landi),  a  vill.,  Lodi. 

P.  2,798. 

Caserta,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  T. 
di  Lavoro,  in  a  fine  plain,  17  m.  N.E. 
Naples.     P.  5,000. 

Casey,  co.,  Ky.,  in  the  S.  part  of  the 
state.  Drained  by  Green  &  Salt  rivers. 
P.  6,556.     Cap.  Liper.ty. 

Casheen  Bay,  Ireland,  Connaught, 
CO.  Galwajr,  is  on  the  W.  side  of  the  isl. 
Garomna,  easy  of  access,  &  with  depth 
of  water  for  large  ships. 

Cashel,  a  city  of  Ireland,  co.  Tippe- 
rary,  ou  the  road  to  Dublin.  P.  7,036.  It 
stands  in  the  centre  of  a  rich  agricultural 
district,  at  the  foot  of  the  Rock  of  Cashel, 
a  limestone  height,  on  which  is  the  most 
interesting  assemblage  of  ruins  in  Ireland. 

Cashmere,  a  country  of  N.W.  Hindos- 
tau,  Punjab  dom.,  consisting  of  the  upper 
vail,  of  the  r.  Jailum,  enclosed  on  all  sides 
by  ranges  of  the  Himalaya.  .  Area,  4,500 
sq.  m.  P.  in  1832,  800,000 ;  but  in  1836, 
owing  to  earthquakes,  cholera,  &  famine, 
it  had  declined  to  200,000.  The  valley 
of  Cashmere  has  an  average  elevation  .pf 
5,500  or  6,000  feet  above  the  sea.  Sev- 
eral mntns.  around  it  rise  to  15,000  feet, 
&  one  in  B.  Cashmere  reaches  to  19,650 
feet  in  height.  The  country  well-watered 
by  the  Jailum  riv.  Cashmere  contains 
lO  towns,  &  upwards  of  2,000.  Principal 
towns,  Serinagnr  (or  Cashmere),  Cha- 
pinian,  Islamabad,  &,  Pampur.  It  is  con- 
sidered a  holy  land  by  Hindoos. 

Caskets,  a  dangerous  group  of  rocks 
in  the  English  channel,  7  ni.  W.  Alderney. 
Off  these  rocks  Prince  William,  son  of 
Henry  I.  of  England,  &  his  suite  perished 
in  111?  ;  &  the  Victory,  110  guns,  foun- 
dered in  1744. 

Casola,  a  town  of  Naples,  dist.  Castel- 

a-Mare.     P.  2,780. II.  a  vill.,  Pontif. 

sta. 

Casole,  several  vills.  of  Tuscany,  the 
priocip.  in  the  prov.  Siena.     P.  1,113. 

Casoli,  a  tovfn  of  Naples,  prov.  Ab- 
ruzzo-Citra,  on  a  mntn.     P.  5,530. 

Casorate,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Lom- 
bardy.    P.  2,956. 

Casoria,  a  town  of  Naples.     P.  5,670. 

Caspe,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Zara- 
goza,  near  the  Ebro.  P.  7,401.  It  has 
a  castle,  &  numerous  religious  edifices. 

Caspian  Sea,  an  inland  sea  or  salt- 
lake  of  W.  Asia,  <&  the  largest  of  its  kind 


CAS] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


1*73 


known  on  the  globe,  enclosed  by  the  doms. 
of  Russia,  the  Kirghis,  Khiva,  &  Persia. 
Length,  N.  to  S.  about  700  m. ;  greatest 
breadth,  about  420  tn.,  though  the  ave- 
rage does  not  exceed  200  m. ;  &  in  some 
places  it  is  not  more  than*  120  m.  across 
Estim.  area,  140,000  sq.  m.  Coast-line 
irregular.  It  has  no  tides,  &  in  winter 
its  N.  part  is  covered  with  ice.  Stur- 
geons, salmon,  sterlets,  &  seals  are  abun- 
dant, &  many  active  fisheries  are  carried 
on  in  this  sea.  It  forms  the  chief  means 
of  communication  betw.  Russia,  Persia, 
&  Cent.  Asia.  The  navigation  is  difficult. 
Steam  packets  have  now  been  established 
on  it. 

Cass,  co.,  Georgia,  in  the  N.W.  part 
of  the  state.     Drained  by  Etowah  river. 

P.  13,300.      Cap.  Cassville. II.  co., 

Mich.,  in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  state. 
Drained  by  St.  Joseph's  &  other  rivers. 
Soil  excellent.     P.  10,907.     Cap.  Cassa- 

polis. III.  CO.,  la.,  central  in  the  N. 

part  of  the  state.  Watered  by  Wabash 
&  Eel  rivs.     Common  'agricultural  prod. 

P.  11,021.     Cap.  Logansport. IV.  co., 

111.,  central  in  the  W.  part  of  the  state. 
Drained  by  Sangamon  riv.  &  several  crs- 

Soil  good.     P.  7,258.     Cap.  Virginia. 

V.  CO.,  Texas.  P.  4,591. VI.  t.,  Han- 
cock CO.  Ohio. VII.  a  riv.,  Mich.    L. 

20  ms. 

Cassandra,  a  penins.  of  Europ.-Tur- 
key,  prov.  Rumili,  betw.  the  gulfs  of 
Cassandra  &  Salonica. 

Cassano,  several  towns  of  Naples. 

I.  prov.  Calab.-Citra.  P.  4,310,  many  of 
Albanian  descent.  It  stands  in  the  con- 
cave recess  of  a  steep  mntn.  around  an 

isolated    rock.- II.    prov.    Bari.       P. 

3,400. — -III.  Princip.  Ult.     P.  4,430. 

Cassano,    several   yills.  of  N.  Italy. 

1.   {0.   Magnago),    Lombardy.      P. 

2,433. -II.  (sopra-Adda).  deleg.  Milan, 

on  railway  to  Brescia,  has  extensive  silk- 
works. III.  {Spinola),  Piedmont.    P. 

1,149. 

Cassaro,  a  town  of  Sicily,  intend.  & 
18  m.  W.  Syracuse.     P.  2,000. 

Cassay,  Kathee,  an  independent 
country  of  Further  India,  mostly  be- 
tween lat.  24°  &  26°  N.,  &  Ion.  93°  &  95° 
E.-  Area  8,000  sq.  m.  P.  30,000.  It 
consists  of  a  valley  about  2,500  ft.  above 
the  sea,  enclosed  by  mntns.,  varying  from 
about  6,000  to  8,200  ft.  in  height,  & 
which  are  covered  with  dense  forests. 
Its  rivs.  are  tributary  to  the  Barah  or 
the  Irrawadi ;  the  princip.  is  the  Imphan- 
Toorel. 

Cassei.,  a  walled  city  of  Germany,  cap. 
of  electoral  Hessen  &  chief  town  of  the 


circ.  of  lower  Hessen,  on  the  Fulda.  P. 
32,516.  It  is  the  resid.  of  the  sovereign, 
seat  of  government,  &,  of  central  adminis- 
tration. The  Fulda  divides  it  into  two 
portions  ;  that  on  the  W.  bank  comprises 
the  old  town  &  upper  new  town  ;  on  the 
E.  bank  are  the  lower  new  town,  &  the 
Leipzig  suburb.  The  upper  (or  French) 
new  town,  originally  laid  out  by  French 
refugees,  is  well  built  &  handsome ;  it 
comprises  the  elector's  palace,  a  museum 
with  valuable  antiquities,  &  a  library  of 
82,000  vols.  It  has  a  college,  an  observ- 
atory, a  seminary  for  teachers,  military, 
mechanical,  <&  Jewish  schools,  an  acad- 
emy of  arts,  &  societies  of  agriculture, 
trade,  &  manufs. ;  numerous  charit.  es- 
tablishments. Cotton,  silk,  &  woollen 
fabrics.  Under  the  emperor  Napoleon, 
it  was  cap.  of  the  kgdm.  of  Westphalia. 

Cassel,  a  town  of  Hessen-Darmstadt, 
prov.  Rhenish  Hessen,  on  r.  b.  of  the 
Rhine.     P.  2,500. 

Cassel,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Nord. 
P.  2,839.  It  stands  on  an  isolated  hill, 
550  feet  in  height. 

^Casseneuil,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Lot-et-6aronne.     P.  2,000. 

Cassim  Pasha,  a  large  suburb  of  Con- 
stantinople, Europ.  Turkey,  on  the  N. 
shore  of  the  "  Golden  Horn."  separated 
from  Galata,  E.  by  extens.  burying- 
grounds. 

Cassine,  a  mkt.  town  of  Sard,  states, 
Piedmont.     P.  4,169. 

Cassino  (Monte),  a  mntn.  of  Naples, 
prov.  T.  di  Lavoro,  with  a  celebrated 
abbey,  fhunded  a.d.  529,  in  which  origi- 
nated the  order  of  the  Benedictines. 
[Orinoco.] 

Cassis,  a  comm.  &  seaport  town  of 
France,  dep.  Bouches-du-Rhone,  on  the 
Mediterranean.     P.  1,566. 

Cassolnovo,  a  vill  of  Sard,  states, 
Piedmont,  prov.  Lomellina.     P.  4,587. 

Cassopolis,  p-v.,  cap.  Cass  co.  Mich., 
situated  on  Stone  lake. 

Cassville,    cap.    Cass  co.   Ga.      The 

usual  county  buildings,  &  an  acad. 

II.  p-v..  Grant  co.  Wis.,  on  E.  bank  of 
the  Miss. 

Castagneto,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Princip.  Citra.     P.  2,000. 

Castagneto,  a  vill.  of  Tuscany,  prov. 
Pisa.     1,300  inhab. 

Castagnole  delle  Lanze,  a  vill.  of 
Sardinian  states.  Piedmont,  div.  Ales- 
sandria,   prov.    Asti.      P.   2,767. rIL 

prov.  Pinerolo.     P.  2,137. III.  prov. 

Casale.     P.  1,750. 

Castalla,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Ali- 
cante, on  the   riv.  Castalla.     P.  3,022. 


lU 


CyCLOt»^DIA    OF    GEOORAPHY. 


[cAS 


It  has  linen  manufs.,  &  brandy  distil- 
leries. 

Castanaees,  three  mkt.  towns  of 
Spain,  prov.  Burgos. 

Castaneiha,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov. 
Bstremadura,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Tagus.  P. 
1,000. 

Castaneiro,  a  vill.  of  Portugal,  prov. 
■  Beira,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Tavora.     P.  2,000. 

Castano,  a  town  of  Lombardy.  P. 
2,903. 

Castasegna,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Grisons,  B.  Chiavenna,  at  the  W. 
extrem.  of  the  Val  Bregaglia.  The  mul- 
berry ceases  to  flourish  beyond  this  vill., 
which  is  therefore  the  limit  of  the  culti- 
vation of  the  silk-worm. 

Casteggio,  a  town  of  Piedmdht,  div. 
Alessandria.     P.  2,733. 

Castel,  a  prefixed  name  of  the  follow- 
ing towns  &  vills.  in  Italy,  &c. 1.  {C. 

Alto),  a  viU.  of  Naples,  prov.  Abruzzo 

Ult.   I.      P.    1,124. 11.   (Baldo),   N. 

Italy,    gov.  Venice,   on  the    Adige. 

III.   {Belforte),  deleg.    Mantua. IV. 

(Bologne'se),  Pontif  states.  Here,  in 
1434,  the  Milanese,  under  Piccinino,  de- 
feated the  Florentines  in  a  decisive  bat- 
tle.  V.  (Bottacio),  Naples,  prov.  San- 

nio.     P.  1,200. VI.  (Buono),  a  town 

of  Sicily,  mtend.  Palermo.     P.  7,080.     It 

has  mineral  springs. VII.  {Clemen- 

tino),    a    vill.,    Pontif   states. VIII. 

(Cucco),  Lombardy  &  Venice.  It  has 
manufs.  of  woollen  fabrics. IX.  {Cu- 
ller), France,  dep-  Lot-et-Garonne. 

X.  {d'  Agogna),  Sardinian  sta..  Piedmont. 

XI.    (de    Ffanchi),    Naples,    prov. 

Princip.  Ult.,  on  the  Galore.     P.  2,035. 

XII.    (Delfino),    Piedmont,    at   the 

foot  of  Mt.   Viso.      P.   1,295. XIII. 

(deir  Abate),  Naples,  prov.  Princip.  Citra. 

P.  2,700. XIV.  {della  Pietra),  Tyrol, 

on    the    Adige. XV.    {del    Monte), 

Naples,  prov.  Abruzzo  Ult ,  on  a  moun- 
tain. P.  1.590. XVI.  {del  Rio),  Pon- 
tif. states.^ — XVII.  {G.  Dieri),  Naples, 

prov.    Abruzzo   Ult.    II. XVIII.    {di 

Sangro),  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Ab- 
ruzzo Ult.  II.,  with  2,600  inhab. XIX. 

{C.-Pabi),  Spain,  Valencia. XX.  {Fi- 

dardo),  Pontif.  states. XXI.  {Fioren- 

tino),   Tuscany,  on  the  Elsa.     P.  2,630. 

XXII.  {Follit),  Spain,  prov.  Gerona. 

XXIII.  {Forte),  Naples,  prov.  T.  di 

Lavoro.      P.  1,690. XXIV.  {Franc), 

France,  dep.  &  on  the  Lot. 

Castel-a-Mare,  a  city  and  seaport  of 
Naples,  on  the  S.E.  side  of  the  gulf  P. 
16,000.  It  is  placed  at  the  foot  of  a  hill, 
on  which  stood  the  anc.  Stabice,  near 
which  Pliny  the  elder  met  his  death 


during  the  eruption  »f  Vesuvius,  a.d.  79. 

II.   a   seaport  town  of  Sicily.     P. 

6,000.  Exports  wine,  cotton,  fruit,  man- 
na, &  shumac.  It  is  a  mean,  dirty  town, 
with  a  decaying  castle  on  a  rocky  point. 

III.  a  town,  prov.  Abruzzo  Ult.  I., 

near    the    Adriatic.       P.   2,500. IV. 

{della  Bruca),  a  vill.,  prov.  of  Princip. 
Citra,  on  the  Mediterr. 

Castel- a-Mare  (Gulf  of),  an  exten- 
sive bay  of  Sicily,  on  the  N.  coast. 

Castelet  (Le),  several  vills.  of  France, 
the  princip.  dep.  Var.     P.  1,946. 

Castel-Franco,    several    towns    of 

Italy. 1.  Pontif.  sta.     P.  2,000. 

II.  a  town,  gov.  Venice,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Musone.  P.  4,220.  Silk  &  woollen  ma- 
nufs.  III.  Naples,  prov.  Princip.  Ult. 

P.   2,500. IV.    {di   Sotto),   Tuscany, 

prov.  Florence,  on  the  Arno.     P.  3,280. 

Castel-Gandolfo,  a  vill.  of  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta.,  on  the  N.W.  side  of  Mount 
Albano.  P.  1,120.  It  is  picturesquely 
situated  on  a  volcanic  peak,  431  feet 
above  the  lake. 

Castel-Goffredo,  a  town  of  Lom- 
bardy. P.  3,463.  It  has  an  hospital  <fc 
manufs.  of  silk. 

Castel-Gombekto,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy. 
P.  2,388. 

Castelgrande,  a  town  of  Naples, 
prov.  Basilieata.     P.  3,080. 

Castelguelfo,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy, 
duchy  Parma,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Taro. 

Castel-Guglielmo,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy, 
gov.  Venice,  2,900  inhab. 

Castel- Jaloux,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Lot-et-Garonne,  on  the 
Avance.  P.  1,643.  Iron  &  copper  forges, 
manufactures  of  paper,  glass,  &  woollen 
fabrics. 

Castellamonte,  a  town  of  Piedmont, 
div.  Turin.     P.  5,050. 

Castellana,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Bari.     P.  6,300. 

Castellaneta,  a  town  of  Naples, 
prov.  Otranto.  P.  4,750.  Cotton  is  raised 
in  its  vicinity. 

Castellanne,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  B.-Alpes,  on  the  Verdon, 
here  crossed  by  a  remarkable  single 
arched  bridge.  P.  1,454.  It  has  man- 
ufs. of  coarse  woollens,  &  a  trade  in  pre- 
served fruits. 

Castellaro,  a  town  of  Lombardy.  P. 
2,071.     Also  three  vills.  in  Sardinia. 

Castel-Lastua,  a  vill.  of  Dalmatia, 
with  a  lazaretto  &  quarantine  station  on 
the  Adriatic. 

Castellakquato,  a  town  of  Italy, 
duchy  Parma.  It  has  a  vast  gothic  pal- 
ace.    P.  2,860. 


CAs] 


UKIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


17S 


Castellazzo,  a  town  of  Piedmont, 
prov.  Alessandria.     P.  5,236. 

Castel-Leone,  a  vill.  of  Lombardy. 
P.  5,712.  It  is  well  built  &  enclosed  by 
old  walls. 

Castelletto,  sevl.  vills.  of  tbe  Sard. 
8ta.,  Piedmont. 

Castellina,  two  vills.  of  Tuscany. 

GIastello,  a  prefixed  name  of  several 
towns  &  vills.  in  S.  Europe.— — I,  (C. 
Branco),  a  town  of  Portugal,  pro  v.  Beira, 

cap.   Comarca.      P.  6,000. II.   {della 

Baronia),  a  vill.  of  Naples,  prov.  Princip. 
Ult.,  with  2,300  inhabs.,  a  castle,  mine- 
ral springs,  &  a  manuf.  of  coarse  wool- 
lens.  III.  {(T  Aci),  Sicily,  on  the  Med- 
iterranean.  IV.  {de  Vide),  Portugal, 

prov.  Alemtejo.    P.  5,800. V.  {di  San 

Cataldo),  Naples,  prov.  Otra.nto,  7  m. 
N.E.  Lecce,  with  a  small  harbor  on  the 
Adriatic. — -—VI.    (Melhor),    Portugal, 

prov.   Beira,  on  1.  b.  of  the   Douro. - 

VII.  (di  Quatro),  a  t.  of  Tuso'y-  P- 1,350. 

Castellon-de-Ampurias,  a  town  of 
Spain,  prov.  Gerona,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Muga. 
P.  2,706. 

Castellon-de-la-Plana,  a  town  of 
Spain,  cap.  prov.  of  same  name,  4  m. 
from  the  Mediterranean.  P.  16,952. '  It 
is  situated  in  a  fine  plain  ;  is  enclosed 
by  walls,  is  well  built,  &  has  a  remark- 
able octagon  tower  260  feet  in  height. 

Castellone,  a  town  of  Naples,  on  the 
Appian  Way,  &  on  the  gulf  of  Graeta.  P. 
3,430. 

Castellote,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Teruel.     P.  2,475. 

Castellucchio,  a  vill.  of  Lombardy. 
P.  3,161. 

Castelluccia,  a  vill.  of  Naples,  prov. 
Princip.  Citra.     P.  2,000. 

Castelluccio,  sev.  small  ts.  of  Naples. 

Castblmary,  aeomm.&  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Aveyron.     P.  1,088. 

Castelmoron,  a  eomm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Lot-et-Garonne,  on  r.  b.  of 
the  Lot.     P.  1,013. 

Castelnau  is  the  prefixed  name  of 
several  comms.,  towns  &  vills.  of  France, 
in  the  S.W.  deps. 

Castelnaudahy,  a  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aude,  on  a  declivity,  near  the  Canal 
du  Midi.  P.  8,215.  It  has  ship-building 
yards,  &  manufs.  of  woollen  &  silk  fabrics, 
cotton  twist,  &  earthen-wares.  It  was 
founded  by  the  Visigoths. 

Castelnovo,  a  town  of  Italy. 1. 

deleg.  Modena.    P.  1,400. II.  Naples, 

prov.  T.  di  Lavoro. III.  Sicily,  intend. 

Messina.     P.  3,230. IV.   Sard,  sta., 

div.  Genoa.     P.  2,626. 

Castelnuovo,  sev.  towns,  &e.,  of  Italy. 


Castelnuovo,  a  seaport  of  the  Aus- 
trian Empire,  Dalmatia.   P.  comm.  7,019. 

Castelorizo,  a  small  isl.  off  the  S. 
coast  of  Asia-Minor.  Surface  rugged. 
It  has  a  pretty  good  port. 

Castel-  Pagano,  two  vills.  of  Naples, 
prov.  Molise. 

Castel-Rodrigo,  a  small  town  of 
Portugal,  prov.  Beira.     P.  400. 

Castel-Sagrat,  a  town  of  France, 
dep.  ,Tarn-et-Garonne.     P.  1,300. 

Castel  San,  a  prefix  of  the   names 

of  the  following  towns. 1.  (Giorgio), 

Pontif.  sta.     P.  1,500. II.  {Giovanni), 

deleg.  Parma.  P.  2,000. III.  {Lo- 
renzo), Naples,  prov.  Princip.  Citra.     P. 

2,300. IV.  (Pietro),  Pontif  sta.,  on 

the  EmilianWay,  near  the  Silaro.  P. 
3,100. 

Castel  Saraceno,  a  town  of  Naples, 
prov.  Basilicata.     P.  3,200. 

Castel-Sardo,  a  seaport  of  Sardinia, 
the  strongest  on  the  island.  P.  with, 
comm.  2,092. 

Castel-Sarrasin,  a  town  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn-et-Garonne,  on  the  Songuine. 
P.  3,400. 

Castel-Termini,  a  town  of  Sicily. 
Extensive  mines  of  sulphur  &  rock  salt. 
P.  4,600. 

Castelvetere,  several  towns  of  Na- 
ples.  1,  prov.  Calab.  Ult.,  II.,  near  the 

Mediterranean,  with  3,370  inhabs. II. 

prov.  Molise.     P.  with  comm.  3,578. 

III.  prov.  Princip.  Ult."    P.  1,860. 

Castelvetrano,  a  town  of  Sicily.  P. 
1,500. 

Castenedolo,  a  town  of  Lombardy. 
P.  3,000. 

Castera-Lectourois,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Gers.  P.  911.  It  has 
sulphur  &  ferruginous  springs. 

Castera-Verduzan,  a  vill.  of  South 
France,  dep.  Gers.  P.  1,000.  It  pos- 
sesses sulphur  &  chalybeate  springs. 

Castets,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Gironde,  on  the  Garonne,  with  1,180 

inhabs. II.    a    comm.   &    town,  dep. 

Landes.     P.  1,446.     It  has  iron  forges. 

Castiglione,  nums.  ts.  &  vills.  of  Italy. 

Castiglione  (Lake  of),  a  lagoon  of 
Tuscany,  prov.  Siena  N.  of  Grosseto, 
about  10  m.  in  length. 

Castile,  a  former  kingdom  of  Spain, 
which  occupied  the  great  central  table- 
land of  the  peninsula.  The  marriage  of 
Ferdinand,  king  of  Aragon,  with  Isabella 
of  Castile,  in  1474,  united  under  one 
sceptre  all  the  Christian  states  of  Spain, 
&  the  conquest  of  Granada,  in  1492,  led 
to  the  establishment  of  the  kingdom  of 
Spain. 


176 


CrCLOPiEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


CAS 


.  Castile  (New),  an  old  prov.  of  Spain, 
foriuing  (he  S.  portion  of  the  anc.  king- 
dom of  Gaslile  ;  its  cip.  was  Madrid.  It 
is  now  diviilad  info  the  provs.  of  Madrid, 
Toledo,  Ciudad-Real,  Caeu^-a,  &  Gua'lal- 
axara.  This  region  forms  p:5rt  of  the 
central  table-land  of  Spain.  Its  rivers 
comprise  the  upper  courses  of  the  Tagus, 
Guadiana,  the  Guadalquivir,  the  Segura, 
&  the  Xuoar.  Climate  extremely  dry  & 
healthy.  Agriculture  is  ia  a  very  neg- 
lected state.  The  sheep  of  the  Sierras 
Cuenca  &  Molina  supply  the  celebrated 
Merino  wool.  The  mntns.  of  the  Sierra 
Morena  afford  the  richest  supplj^of  min- 
erals in  the  kingdom.  Tbo  chief  mines 
are  those  of  Almaden.  The  province  af- 
fords excellent  marble  &  rock-salr,,  & 
contains  numerous  mineral  springs.  The 
principal  manufs.  are  those  of  cloth,  silk, 
cotton,  &  paper. 

Castile  (Old),  an  old  proy.  of  Spain, 
comprising  the  N.  portion  of  the  ancient 
kingdom  of  Castile,  &  forming  the  new 
pro  vs.  of  Burgos,  Valladolid,  Palencia, 
Avila,  Segovia,  Soria,  Logroiio,  &  San- 
tander. 

Castile,  p-t..  AVyoming  co.  N.  Y.,  on 
Genesee  r.  &  Silver  lake.    P.  2,833. 

Castillo  de  Locubin,  a  t.  of  Spain, 
prov.  Jaen.     P.  3.971.    . 

Castillon,  a  comm-  &  town  of  Franco, 
dep.  Ariege.    P.  1,215. 

Castillon,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Prance, 
dep.  Gironde,  on  the  Dordogne.    P.  2,700. 

Castillones,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Lot-et-Garonne.     P.  2,028. 

Castime,  a  small  seaport  town  in  the 
state  of  Maine,  on  Penobscot  bay,  25  m. 
S.  Bangor.  It  has  a  harbor  accessible 
by  the  largest  vessels,  &  considerable 
shipping,  employed  in  the  timber  trade 
&  fishing. 

Castione,  two  vills.  of  Lombardy. 

Castlebak,  or  Agush,  a  town  of  Ire- 
land, Connaught,  cap.  co.  Mayo,  on^  the 
Castlebar  riv.     P.  5,137. 

Castle-Blayney,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
at  the  W.  extremity  of  Loch  Blayney. 
P.  2,134. 

Castle-Cabey,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Somerset.     P.  1,942. 

Castle-Comer,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co. 
Kilkenny.     P.  1,765. 

Castle-Connel,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co. 
Limerick,  on  the  Shannon,  close  to  the 
falls  of  Doonass.     P.  1,106. 

Castle-Dermot,  an  aiic.  town  of  Irel., 
CO.  Kildare,  on  the  Lear,  an  afiluent  of 
the  Barrow.     P.  1,516. 

Castle-Island,  a  town  of  Irel.,  co. 
Kerry.    P.  1,687. 


Castle-Maetyr,  a  small  town  of  Ire- 
land, CO.  Cork,  on  the  Maine.     P.  1,397. 

Castle-PollarDj  a  town  of  Ireland, 
Leinstsr,  co.  Westmeath.     P.  1,310. 

Castle-Rea,  a  market  town  of  Irel., 
CO.  Roscommon,  on  the  Suck.     P.  1,233. 

Castlereagh  River,  Australia. 

Castleton,  t.,  Rutland  co.  Vt. ;  wa- 
tered by  Castleton  r.    Some  water  power. 

P.    Ij769. II.  a  town,   Richmond  co. 

N.  Y.,  on  the  N.  end  of  Staten  Island. 
P.  2,263. 

Castletown,  the  cap.  of  the  Isle  of 
Man,  Engl.,  in  S.  extremity  of  the  isl., 
on  W.  shore  of  Castretown  bay.  P. 
2,283. 

Castletown-Roche,  a  town  of  Ire- 
land 00.  Cork,  on  the  Awbeg.     P.  1,063. 

Casth'es,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn,  on  both  sides  of  the  Agout,  here 
crossed  by  two  stone  bridges.  P- 13,590. 
It  is  the  most  populous  &  flourishing 
town  in  the  dep. 

Castri,  a  vill.  of  Greece,  gov.  Phocis, 
on  the  S.  declivity  of  Mt.  Parnassus. 
About  250  yards  E.  is  the  famoas  Casta- 
lian  spring. 

Castries,  the  principal  town  of  the 
isl.  of  St.  Lucia,  British  W.  Indies.  P. 
2,400. 

Castro,  a  seaport  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Otranto,  on  the  Adriatic.     P.  7,000. 

Castro,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov.  San 
Paulo,  W.  the  Sierra  do  Mar.  P.  of  the 
dist.  8,000.— — II.  a  seaport  town  of  ChilSj 
&  the  former  cap.  of  the  isl.  Chiloe,  on 
its  E.  coast. 

CastrOj  a  vill.  of  Italy,  Pontif.  sta.,  on 

the  Olpeta. II.  a  vilL  of  the  Pontif. 

states. 

Castro,  a  seaport  town  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, cap.  the  island  of  Mitylene,  on  its 
E.  coast.  P.  6,500.  It  extends  in  a  sem- 
icircle aronnj  a  shallow  harbor. 

Castbo-del-Rio-el-Leal,  a  town  of 
Spain,  prov.  Cordova,  near  the  Guada- 
joeillo.     P.  9,092. 

Castrogiovanni,  a  city  of  Sicily,  in- 
tend. Catania,  on  a  table-land  in  the  cen- 
tre of  the  island,  4,000  ft.  above  the  sea. 
P.  11,140. 

Casteojeriz,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
■Burgos,  betw.  the  Orda  &  Garbanzuela. 
P.  2,434. 

Castho-Marim,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
prov.  Algarves,  on  r.  b.  of  the -Guadiana. 
P.  2,250. 

Casthonuovo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  intend. 
Palermo.  P.  5,820.  Near  it  are  quar- 
ries of  fine  marble. 

Castronuovo,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Basilieata.    P.  2,560. 


cat] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


Ill 


Castropignano,  a  town  of  Naples, 
prov.  Molise.     P.  2,558. 

Castropol,  a  small  seaport  town  of 
Spain,  prov.  Oviedo,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Ribadeo,  in  the  bay  of  Biscay.  P. 
1,575. 

Casteo-Heale,  a  city  of  Sicily,  in- 
tend.^Messina. 

Casteo-Urdiales,  a  seaport  town  of 
Spain,  prov.  Santander,  on  the  bay  of 
Biscay.     P.  2,936. 

Castroveede,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
prov.  Alemtejo,  in  the  plain  of  Ourique. 
2,000  inhabitants. 

Castrovillari,  a  town  of  Naples, 
prov.  Calab.  Citra,.    P.  5,650. 

Castro- Virhyna,  a  town  of  S.  Peru, 
dep.  Ayaeucho. 

Castua,  a  town  of  Austria,  lUyria,  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  pcnins.  Istria. 

Castuera,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Ba- 
dajoz,  near  r.  b.  of  tlie  Guadalefra.  P. 
6,572.     Trade  in  fruit  &  wine. 

Caswell,  county,  N.  C.,-  in  the  N. 
part  of  the  state.  Drained  by  Dan  riv. 
Tobacco  the  staple  prod.  P.  15,269. 
Cap.  Yanceyvilla. 

Cat  Island,  Bahamas. 

Catahoola,  pa.,  La.,  in  the  N.E.  part 
of  the  state,  contains  2,100  sq.  m. ;  wa- 
tered by  Tensas  &  Washita  rivs.  P.  6,982. 
Cap.  Harrisonburg. — — II.  riv.,  La.,^  in 
pa.  of  same  name. — The  Catahoola  riv. 
is  a  trib.  of  the  Washita. 

Cataldo  (San),  a  town  of  Sicily,  in 
the  val-Mazzara.  P.  8,900.  In  its  vicin- 
ity are  extensive  sulphur  mines. 

Catahna  (Santa),  an  island.  Pacific 
ocean,rseparated  from  Upper  California 
by  the  channel  of  Santa  Barbara,— — II. 
an  islet,  Caribb.  sea,  90  m.  E.  the  Mos- 
quito coast. III.  a  good  harbor  &  an 

isl.,  Mopquito  coast,  Centr.  Ameriea,  lat. 

13°  23'  40"  N.,  Ion.  81°  22'  10"  W. 

IV.  a  harbor  on  the  E.  coast  of  New- 
foundland, immediately  N.  the  entrance 
of  Trinity  bay. 

Catalonia,  an  old  prov.  of  Spain,  in 
the  N.E.  of  the  peninsula,  now  divided 
into  the  profs,  of  Barcelona,  Tarragona, 
Lerida,  &  Gerona.  Surface  mntns.,  in- 
tersected by  the  contreforts  of  the -Pyre- 
nees, which  separate  it  into  numerous 
small  valleys.  Near  its  centre,  Mt.  Ser- 
rat.  remarkable  for  its  curious  form,  is 
4,054  feet  in  elevation.  Coast  bold  & 
rugged.  Chief  rivs.,  the  Ebro,  the  Llob- 
rcgat,  &  the  Ter. 

Catamarca,  a  dep.  of  the  Plata  cnnfed., 
S.  Amer.  Area  uncertain.  P.  35,000. 
It  produces  corn  &  cattle. 

Catanduanbs,  one  of  the  Philippine 
8* 


isls.,  Asiatic  archip.,  near  the  S.E.  coast 
of  Luzon,  40  m.  long  &  15  m.  broad,  fer- 
tile &  well  cultivated  ;  chf.  town  Virac. 

Catania,  Catana,  a  celebrated  city  & 
seaport  of  Sicily,  on  its  E.  coast,  near  the 
foot  of  Mount  Etna.  P.  54,167.  It  haa 
been  repeatedly  ruined  by  earthquakes 
&  eruptions  of  Etna,  but  always  subse- 
quently rebuilt  in  a  superior  style.  It 
has  a  noble  appearance  from  the  sea. 

Catania  .(Gulf  of),  an  inlet  of  the 
Mediterranean,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Sicily. 

Catanzaro,  a  city  of  Naples,  cap. 
prov.  Calab.  Ult.  II.,  on  a  mountain 
near  the  gulf  of  Squillace.     P.  11,464. 

Gatarroja,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Valencia.     P.  3,585. 

Catas  Altas,  a  well-built  vill.  of 
Brazil,  prov.  Minas  Geraes.  P.  3,000. 
In  its  vicinity  are  extensive  iron  mines. 

Catawba,  a  new  county  of  N.  C.  P. 
8,862. 

Catawissa,  p-t.,  Columbia  co.  Pa. 
P.  2,064. 

Catbalogan,  a  town  of  the  Philip- 
pines, cap.  of  the  isl.  Samar.     P.  6,328.    ^ 

Cateau  (Le),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Nord,  on  the  Selle.  P.  7,571. 
It  is  well  built,  &  was  formerly  fortified. 
Manufs.  of  shawls,  merinos,  k  calicoes. 

Caterina  (Santa),  a  town  of  Sicily, 
on  a  hill  near  the  W.  bankof  the  Salso. 

P.  5,800. II.    a  market  town,    same 

prov.,  near  tho  sea. III.  a  castle  on 

the  highest  point  of  the  isl.  Favignana, 

off  the  W.  coast  of  Sicily. IV.  a  mkt. 

town  of  Naples,  prov.  Calab.  Ult.  II. ■ 

V.  the  most  N,  headland  of  the  island 
Corfu. — The  Canal  of  Santa  Caterina, 
N.  Italy. 

Caterli,  a  marit.  town  of  Asia- Minor, 
Anatolia,  on  the  sea  of  Marmara.  P. 
3,000. 

Catharina  (Santa),  a  small  trian- 
gular-shaped marit.  prov.  of  S.  Brazil, 
having  E.  the  Atlantic,  &  on  other  sides 
the  ~provs.  San  Paulo  &  Rio  Grande  do 
Sul.  P.  67,218.  The  coast  is  low ;  sur- 
face elsewhere  mntnous.,  traversed  by 
Sierra  Catharina.  From  the  fertility  of 
the  soil,  &  the  uniform  mildness  of  thp 
atmosphere,  it  is  called  the  "  paradise  of 

Brazil." II.  an  isl.  of  Brazil,  forming 

the  superb  bay  of  same  name,  off  the 
coast  of  the'  above  prov.,  between  lat. 
27°  &  28°  S. ;  len.  30  m.,  br.  8  m.  P. 
12,000. 

Catharines,  p-t.,  Chemung  co.  N.  Y. 
Drained  by  cr.  of  same  name.     P.  2,424. 

II.   (St.),    a  flourishing  toivn  of  the 

Niagara  dist.  of  U.  Canada,  on  the  Wel- 
land  canal.     P.  4,368. 


178 


CYCtOP^EDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[CAU 


Cati,  a  modern  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Castellon  de  la  Plana.     P.  1,666. 

Catmandoo,  cap.  of  Nepaul. 

Cf  TLiN,  t.,  Chemung  co.  N.  Y.  P.  1,119. 

Cato,  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.,  on  Seneca 
riv.    P.  2,380. 

Catoche  (Cape),  a  headld.  on  the  N. 
coast  of  Yucatan,  Centr.  Amer. ;  lat.  21° 
31'  N.,  Ion.  87°  W. 

Caton,  t.,  SteuTben  co.  N.  Y.     P.  797. 

Catorche,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  & 
120  m.  N.  San  Luis  de  Potosi. 

Catral,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Ali- 
cante.    P.  2,268.     It  has  linen  manufs. 

Catrine,  a  vill.  of  Scotland,  co.  Ayr. 
P.  2,659. 

Catskill,  a  tnshp.,  New  York,  cap. 
CO.  Greene,  on  the  Hudson,  31  m.  S. 
Albany.  P.  5,454.  It  has  co.  offices,  a 
bank,  &  several  churches.  "Within  its 
limits,  2,212  feet  above  the  Hudson,  is  a 
vill..  Pine  Orchard,  much  frequented  by 
visitors,  on    account  of  the   magnificent 

views    which    it    commands. Catskill 

mountains  are  in  the  vicinity,  &  bend  in 
the  form  of  a  crescent  towards  the  Mo- 
hawk river.  Round  Top,  the  loftiest 
peak,  is  3,840  feet  above  tide-water  in 
the  Hudson.  .The  scenery  of  these  mntns. 
is  very  picturesque ;  &  in  their  recesses 
the  wolf,  bear,  &  wild  d«er  are  still  met 
with. 

Cattaraugus,  a  co.,  in  W.  part  of 
NewY'^ork.  Area,  1,232  sq.  m.  P.  38,950. 
Soil  fertile,  &  adapted  to  grazing.  Ex- 
ports cattle  &  wood.  The  Genesee  valley 
canal,  &  New  York  &  Erie  railway,  pass 
through  this  county. 

Cattaro,  a  seaport  town  of  Austria, 
Dalmatia,  at  the  head  of  the  gulf  of  Cat- 
taro. P.  2,003. II.  (Gulp  of),  a  tor- 
tuous inlet  of  the  Adriatic.  It  is  pro- 
tected from  winds  on  all  sides  by  high 
mntns.,  &  the  best  harbor  in  the  Adriatic. 
Depth  varies  from  15  to  20  fathoms. 

Cattegat,  an  inlet  Germ.  0.  [jSTorth 
Sea.] 

Cattenom,  Germ.,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Moselle.     P.  1,115. 

Catterall,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  Lan- 
caster.    P.  1,102. 

Cattillon-sur-Sambre,  a  comm.  & 
vill.  of  France,  xlep.  Nord.  Extensive 
manufs.  of  fine  thread.     P.  3,120. 

Cattolica,  a  town  of  Sicily-   P.  7,200. 

It  has  productive  sulphur  mines. II. 

a  vilt.  oL  Pontif.  sta.,  near  the  Adriatic. 
P.  1,300. 

Catus,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Lot.     P.  1,438. 

Caub,  a  small  town  of  N.  Germany, 
Nassau,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Rhine.     A  toll  is 


here  charged  by  the  Duke  of  Nassau  on 
all  vessels  navig.  the  river. 

Cauca,  a  considerable  riv.  of  S.  Amer., 
New  Granada,  rises  near  the  frontier  of 
Ecuador,  flows  N.  between  two  Cordil- 
leras of  the  Andes,  &  joins  the  Magdalena, 
25  m.  N.W.  Mompox,  after  a  course  esti- 
mated at  500  m. 

Caucasus,  an  extensive  mntn.  chain 
in  Russia,  between  Europe  &  Asia,  of 
which  it  forms  the  boundary.  Extreme 
length  750  m. ;  breadth  65  to  150  m. 
The  culminating  point  of  the  chain,  Mt. 
Elburz,  is  17,796  ft.  high.  The  next  in 
elevation  is  Mt.  Kazbek,  E.,  16,000  fk. 
With  few  exceptions,  the  mntns.  are  cov- 
ered with  perpetual  ice  &  snow.  W.  of 
Elburz,  the  chain  on  the  shores  of  the 
Black  sea,  it  is  only  about  200  ft.  in  elev. 
The  mntns.  are  not  peaked,  as  in  the 
Alps,  but  are  either  flat  or  cup-shaped. 
The  existence  of  glaciers  in  the  Caucasus 
is  uncertain,  &  there  are  no  lakes  of  im- 
portance ;  hence  the  region  in  general  is 
not  well  watered.  The  soil  is  remarkably  - 
fertile  in  the  valleys,  &  the  mntns.  are 
covered  with  valuable  timber  ;  every 
species  of  grain  is  abundant,  &  is  cul- 
tivated to  a  height  of  8,300  feet,  while 
the  lower  valleys  produce  cotton,  rice, 
lint,  tobacco,  indigo,  &  wine.  There  are 
several  tribes  besides  the  Caucasians  & 

Georgians,  among  the  inhabs. II.  (or 

the  Caucasian  region),  is  the  name 
given  to  those  portions  of  the  Russian 
empire  situated  near  the  Caucasus  mntns. 

III.  a  prov.  of  European  Russia,  at 

the  S.E.  declivity  of  the  Caucasian 
mntns..  cap.  Stavropol.  P.  estimated  (in 
1841)  at  526,400.  This  country  is  gen- 
erally flat  &  covered  with  salt  marshes. 
Chief  rivers,  the  Terek  &  Kuban  on  the 
S.,  &  the  Manitch  on  the  N. 

Caudebbc,  a  comm.  &  seaport  town 
of  France,  dep.  Seine  Inf.,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Seine.     P.  2,332. 

Caudebec  les  Elbeuf,  a  comm.  & 
town  of  France,  dep.  Seine  Inf   P.  4,617. 

Cauderan,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Gironde.     P.  1,485. 

Caudete,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Al- 
bacete.     P.  6,000. 

Caudry,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Nord.  P.  3,310.    Manufs.  tulle  lace. 

Caugmary,  a  town  of  Briti'^b  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

Caunes,  (Les),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Aude.     P.  2,040. 

,Cauquenes  (Baths  of),  some  remark- 
able mineral  springs  of  Chile,  dep.  San- 
tiago. By  an  earthquake  in  1835,  their 
temp,  was  suddenly  changed  from  1 18° 


cay] 


UNIVEBSAL    GAZETTEER. 


179 


to  92°  Fabr.    The  baths  have  been  long 
celebrated  as  medicinal. 

Caussade,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn-et-Garonne.     P.  2,400. 

Cauterets,  a  comm.,  vill.,  &  water- 
ing-place of  France,  dep.  H.  Pyrenees. 
P.  1,054.  The  village  stands  in  a  fertile 
basin,  2,900  feet  above  the  sea,  &  enclosed 
by  rugged  mntns.  The  hot  sulphur 
springs  vary  in  temperature  from  102° 
to  122°  Fahr. 

Caux  (Pays  de),  a  small  district  of 
France,  in  the  old  prov.  of  Normandy,  of 
which  the  cap.  was  Caudebec  &  after- 
wards Dieppe. 

Cava,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  princip. 
Citra.  P.  9,000.  Manufs.  of  silk,  cot- 
ton, &  woollen  fabrics. 

Cavaglia,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  prov. 
Biella.     P.  2,719. 

Cavaillon,  a  towa  of  France,  dep. 
Vaucluse,  on  the  Durance.     P.  3,914. 

Cavalcante,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov. 
Goyaz,  with  gold  mines  &  gold  washings 
in  the  river  Almas.     P.  4,000. 

Cavallermaggioee,  a  town  of  the 
Sard.  sta.  Piedmont.  P.  with  comm. 
_5,600. 

Cavallo,  a  town  of  European  Turkey. 
[Kavala.] — Cape  Cavallo,  S.  Italy,  is  a 
headland  on  the  Adriatic. 

Cavan,  an  inland  co.  of  Irel.,  Ulster. 
Area  746  sq.  m.  Inhab.  houses  40,964. 
P.  (in  1851)  174,303.  Surface  mountain- 
ous ou  the  borders,  enclosing  an  open 
country,  interspersed  with  bog.  Princip. 
rivers  the  Woodford,  Upper  Erne. 
.  Cava*?,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Cotes-du-Nord.     P.  2,124. 

Cavakzere,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  gov. 
Venice,  on  the  Adige.     P.  3,300. 

Cavaso,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  gov.  Ve- 
nice.    P.  2,500. 

Cave  Hill,  t.,  "Washington  co.  Ark- 

Cavendish,  co.,  Vt.  Watered  by 
Black  r.     P.  1,427. 

C AVERY,  or  C auveey,  a  river  of  India, 
Deccan,  rises  near  lat.  13°  10'  N.,  &  Ion. 
76°  E.,  flows  tortuously  S.E.-ward.  L. 
470  m. 

Caverypauk,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras,  dist.  N.  Arcot. 

Caveryporam,  a  town  of  British  In- 
dia, presid.  Madras,  On  the-banks  of  the 
Cavay. 

Cavi,  a  town  of  Italy,  Pontif.  sta.  P. 
2,000. 

Caviana,  an  isl.  of  Brazil,  prov.  Para, 
mouth  of  the  Amazon,  on  the  equator. 
Length  35  m. ;  breadth  20  m.  It  is  level 
&  fertile,  &  well  stocked  with  cattle. 

Cavith,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Lu- 


zon, Philippines,  in  the  bay  of  Manila. 
P.  of  town  5,115,  of  port  530. 

Cavor,  or  Cavocr,  a  town  of  the  Sard, 
states,  Piedmont,  div.  Turin.  iWwith 
comm.  7,543.  It  has  manufs.  of  silk 
twist,  linens,  &  leather,  &  near  it  are 
slate  &  marble  quarries. 

Cawnfoob,  a  dist.  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  Upper  provs.  It  consists 
of  part  of  the  territory  of  Nabob  of  Oude, 
ceded  to  British,  &  is  mostly  compre- 
hended within  the  Daob  of  the  Ganges  & 
Jumna.  Area  2,650  sq.  m.  containing 
3,439  vills.  Surface  flat,  &  highly  pro- 
ductive of  grains  &  European  vegetables. 
Princip.  towns  Cawnpoor,  Kalpee,  &  Ko- 

rah. Cawnpoor,   the   cap.   of    above 

district,  is  situated  on  the  Ganges.  It 
extends  for  5  m.  along  the  river  bank. 

Caxamarca,  a  city  of  Peru,  dep. 
Truxiilo,  in  valley  of  Marafion,  Andes. 
P.  7,000.  Near  it  are  the  baths  of  the 
Incas,  &  the  volcanic  lake  into  which, 
according  to  tradition,  were  cast  the 
throne  &  regalia  of  the  Peruvian  mon- 
archs,  whose  dynasty  terminated  here  in 
the  person  of  Atahualpa. 

Caxamarciuilla,  a  town  of  N.  Peru, 
dep.  Truxiilo,  prov.  Pataz,  in  the  valley 
of  the  Upper  Amazon.     P.  8,000.  (7) 

Caxatambo,  a  .town  of  Peru,  dep. 
Junin,  cap.  prov.  same  name,  138  m.  N. 
Lima.  P.  6,000.  Near  it  are  some  silver 
mines. 

Caxias,  a  commercial  town  of  Brazil, 
prov.  Maranhao,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Itapi- 
curu,  150  m.  from  its  mouth. 

Caxoeiba,  sev.  towns  of  Brazil.    [Ca- 

CHOEIRA.] 

Cayambe,  one  of  the  loftiest  summits 
of  the  Andes,  Ecuador,  on  the  equator, 
40  tn.  N.E.  Quito.    Elev.  19,600  ft. 

Cayenne,  a  seaport  town,  &  the  cap. 
of  French  Guiana,  on  the  W.  point  of  the 
isl.  of  same  name,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Cayenne,  in  the  Atlantic.  P.  5,220,  of 
whom  2,379  slaves.  It  is  built  mostly 
of  wood,  &  consists  of  an  old  town,  with 
the  government-house  &  Jesuit's  college, 
&  the  new  town.  The  island  of  Cayenne, 
in  the  Atlantic,  separated  from  the  con- 
tinent of  S.  America  by  a  narrow  channel, 
is  30  m.  in  circumference;  chief  pro- 
ducts, sugar,  cotton,  coffee,  &  fruits.  P. 
(exclus.  of  the  town  of  Cayenne)  2,713, 
of  whom  2,644  slaves. 

Cayes  (Les),  a  seaport  town  of  Hayti, 
on  its  S.  coast.  A  considerable  smug- 
gling trade  is  carried  on  between  it  &  Ja- 
maica; &  in  its  vicinity  are  upwards  of 

80  rum  distilleries. ;-II.  (de  Jacmel)y 

a  town  on  the  Jacmel  riv. 


m^ 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY, 


[CEL 


.  Cayettx,  a  marit.  comm.  &  town  of 
"Prance,  dep.  Somme,  on  the  Englisk 
channel.     P.  2,372. 

Ca€Lus,  a  eomm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Tam-et-Garonne.  P.  1,437.  It 
has  a  castle,  &  trade  in  corn. 

Caymans,  three  small  isls.  of  British 
W.  Indies,  in  the  Caribbean  sea.  P. 
akpnt  200. 

Caymito,  a  riv.  of  So.  Amer.,  New 
Granada,  isthmus  of  Panama,  enters  the 
bay  of  Panama. 

Oayru,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  small 
isl.  of  same  name.     P.  800. 

Cayster,  a  riv.  of  Asia-Minor,  Anato- 
lia, 75  m.  long. 

Cayuga,  a  co.,  in  N.  part  of  New 
York.  Area  648  sq.  m.  P.  55,458.  It 
extends  N.  to  L.  Ontario,  &  has  a  fertile 
soil;  salt,  &  gypsum,  &  sulphur  springs 
abound;  in  the  centre  of  co.  is  lake 
Owasco.  Cayuga  lake  is  40  m.  in  length, 
from  1  to  3J  m.  across.  It  discharges 
its  surplus  waters  N.-ward  by  the  riv. 
Seneca  into  Lake  Erie.  At  its  S.  ex- 
tremity is  the  township  Ithaca. —  The 
viU.  Cayuga  is  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of 
the  lake. 

Caytjta,  p-t.,  Chemung  co..N.  Y. 

Cazalla-de-la-Sieera,  a  town  of 
Spain,  prov.  Sevilla,  in  the  Sierra  Mo- 
rena.     P.  7,240. 

Cazaubon,  a  eomm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gers,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Douze.  P. 
2,602.     It  haa  extens.  distilleries.     . 

Cazembe,  a  country  of  Africa,  little 
known  to  Europeans. 

Cazenovia.  p-t.,  Madison  co.  N.  Y., 
watered  by  Cazenovia  lake,  &  Chitte- 
nango  cr.    P.  4,812. 

Cazeres,  a  comm.  &  town  of  I'rance, 
dep.  H.  Garonne,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Garotme. 
P.  2,318. 

Cazoela,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Jaen, 
on  the  Vega.     P.  7,383. 

Cazouls-les-Beziers,  a  comm.  &  t. 
of  France,  dep.  Herault.     P.  1,964. 

Cazza  &  Cazziola,  two  small  isls.  of 
Dalmatia,  in  the  Adriatic. 

Cea,  a  small  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Le- 
on, on  l.b.  of  riv.  of  same  name. II. 

a  vill.   of  Galicia,  prov.  Orense. III. 

a  vill.  of  Portugal,  prov.  Biera.  P.  1,400. 

Ceara,  a  maritime  prov.  in  the  N.  of 
Brazil,  cap.  Fortaleza,  bounded  N.  by 
the  Atlantic  ocean.  P.  160,000.  It  is 
traversed  on  the  W.  boundary  by  the 
sierra  Ibiapaba.  Chf.  rivs.  the  Croyahu, 
Ceara,  &  Jaguaribe.  Climate  healthy. 
The  surface  rises  in  the  form  of  an  am- 
phitheatre from  the  coast.  The  prov. 
abounds  in  medicinal  plants,  including 


balsams,  gums,  resins  &  fruits.  Among 
its  minerals  are  gold,  iron,  copper,  &  salt. 

Cearcy,  t.,  Philip's  co.  Ark. 

Cebazat,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Puy-de-Dome.     P.  2,000. 

Cebolla,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  To- 
ledo, near  r.  b.  of  the  Tagus.     P.  2,357. 

Cebreros,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Avila, 
on  the  Alberche.  P.  2,744.  Manufs. 
leather  &  cloth  ;  trade  in  grain  &  wine. 

Cebu,  a  city  of  the  Philippines. 

Ceccano,  a  vill.  of  Italy,  Pontif.  sta. 
on  the  Sacco.     P.  5,827. 

Cecil,  co.,  Md.,  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
the  state.  Bounded  on  Chesapeake  bay. 
It  is  favorably  situated  for  commerce. 
Woollen  &  cotton  factories,  paper  mills. 
P.  18,939.  Cap.  Elkton. II.  t.,  Wash- 
ington CO.  Pa.     P.  1,027. 

Ceciliano,  a  vill.  of  cent.  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.,  in  the  Sabine  mntns. 

Cecina,  a  riv.  of  Tuscany. 

Ceclavin,  an  ancient  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Caeeers.     P.  3,090. 

Cedar,  co.,  Iowa,  in  the  central  part  of 
the   state,  watered  by  several  small  crs. 

P.  3,941.     Cap  Tipton. II.  a  new  6o. 

of  Mo.  P.  3,351. III.  t.,  Boone  co.  Mo. 

P.  3,313. IV.  t.,  Callaway  co.  Mo.    P. 

1,896.— V.  t..  Cooper  co.  Mo. 

Cedar  Creek,  hundred,  Sussex  co. 
Del.     P.  2,420. II.  t.,  Allen  co.  la. 

Cedar  Mountains,  a  range  of  pri- 
mary mntns.  in  S.  Africa,  Cape  colony, 
between  the  Elephant  &  Thorn  rivers. 
They  vary  from  1,600  to  5,000  feet  in  ele- 
vation. 

Cedar  Town,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Paulding 
CO.  Ga.  The  usut^l  co.  buildings. 

Cefalu,  a  seaport  town  of  Sicily,  on 
the  N.  coast  of  the  isl.     P.  8,940. 

Ceglie,  acity  of  Naples,  prov.  Otranto. 
P.  7,350. 

Cehegin,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Mur- 
cia.     P.  9,605. 

Ceilhes,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Herault,  on  r.  b.  of. the  Orbe.  P. 
1,064. 

Celano,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Ab- 
ruzzo  Ult. 

Celano  (Lake),  S.  Italy.  [Fucino 
Lago.] 

Celanova,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Or- 
ense. 

Cblaya,  a  city,  Mexican  confed.    [Ze- 

LAYA.] 

Celbridge,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Lein-- 
ster,  CO.  Kildare,  on  the  Liffe3^    P.  1,289. 

Celebes,  a  large  isl.,  Asiat.  archip., 
mostly  between  lat.-l°  50'  N.,  &  5°  30 
S.,  &  Ion.  119°  &  125'  E.  It  is  of  most 
irregular  shape,  consisting  of  4  penin» 


cen] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


181 


sulas  uniting  in  a  common  centre,  from 
which  they  extend  N.E.  &  S.,  separated 
by  the  bays  of  Gorontalo,  Tolo,  &  Boni. 
Estimated  area,  73,000  sq.  m.  P.  3,000,- 
000.  It  is  stated  to  be  superior  in  beauty 
to  any  other  part  of  the  archip.  Surface 
greatly  diversified,  &  well  watered  by  3 
principal  rivs.  &  many  smaller  streams. 
The  centre  is  mntuous.,  &  of  primary 
formation.  Volcanoes  exist  in  the  N. 
peninsula,  &  volcanic  mntns.  prevail  in 
S.  Mineral  products  gold,  iron,  salt.  Ex- 
tensive grassy  plains  in  the  low  grounds. 
Timber  is  not  generally  plentiful,  but  in 
one  part  is  a  large  teak  forest.  Princip. 
products  rice,  maize,  cassava,  tobacco,  & 
Botton,  with  some  yams,  sago,  sugar-cane, 
&r  excellent  breeds  of  horses,  &  other  live 
stock.  The  pop.  is  composed  of  several 
distinct  races.  The  Dutch  have  settle- 
ments here. 

Celenza,  2  market  towns  of  Naples. 

1,  prov.   Capitanata.     P.  3,370. 

II  prov.  Abruzzo  Citra.     P..  1,630. 

Celestial  Mountains,  Central  Asia. 
[Thian-Shan.] 

Celina,  p-v.,  cap.  Mercer  co.  0. 

Cellardykes,  a  tnship.  of  Scotl.,  eo. 
Fife.     P.  1,486. 

Celle,  a  town  of  Hanover,  landr.  Lii- 
neburg,  on  1.  b.  of  the  AUer,  which  b^re 
becomes  navigable.  P.  with  suburbs, 
11,935.     It  is  weir  built  &  paved.         ' 

Celle,  a  mrkt.  town  of  Piedmont, 
prov.  Savona.     P.  2,072. 

Cellino,.  two  mrkt.  towns  of  Naples. 

1,  prov.  Abruzzo  Ult.  I.     P.   1,500. 

II.  prov.  Otranto. 

Cellio,  a  vill.  of  Sard.  dom.  Piedmont. 
p.  (with  comm.)  3,344. 

Celorico,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov. 
Beira,  Guarda,  at  the  foot  of  the  serra 
Estrella.     P.  1,800. 

Ceneda,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  gov.  Ve- 
nice.    P.  4,900. 

Cenia,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Tarra- 
gona, on  1.  b.  of  small  riv.  of  same  name. 
P.  2,043. 

Cenis  (Mont),  Sardinia.  [Monte 
Cenisio.] 

Cenon-la-Bastide,  a  comm.  &  vill. 
of  France,  dep.  Gironde.     P.  2,541. 

Centallo,  a  town,  Sard.  sta.  Pied- 
mont.    P.  (with  comm.)  4,533. 

Cento,  a  fortfd.  town  of  the  Pontif. 
states,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Reno.     P.  4,572. 

Centorbi,  a  town  of  Sicily,  prov.  Cata-' 
nia,  on  a  rugged  mntn.     P.  4,450. 

Central,  a  tnship.,  Missouri,  St. 
Louis  CO. 

■Central  America  is  the  long  &  com- 
paratively narrow  region,  between  lat.  7° 


&  22°  N.,  &  Ion.  78°  &  94°  W.,  connect- 
ing the  continents  of  N.  &  S.  America,  & 
comprising,  besides  the  Central  American 
confed.,  Yucatan,  parts  of  Mexico  &  New 
Granada,  Poyais,  the  Mosquito  coast,  & 
British  Honduras.  In  a  more  limited 
sense  the  term  is  applied  to  the  following 
republics,  between  lat.  8°  &  18°  N.,  & 
Ion.  78°  &  94°  W.,  bounded  on  the  E.  & 
N.E.  by  the  Caribbean  sea,  on  the  S.W. 
by  the  Pacific,  &  S.  by  N.  Granada. 


States. 


Area  in 
sq  m. 


Pop. 


Capitals. 


Guatemala,       75,090  700,000  Guatemala. 

San  Salvador,    (),6I5  400,000  San  Salvador. 

Honduras,         66,;iU  300,000  Balize. 

Nicurasua,        39,378  3.50,000  Leon. 

Costa-Rica,      '1(5,239  150,000  SaaJose. 

Total,       203,966  1,900,000 

The  greatest  length  from  S.B.  to  N."W. 
is  about  1,000  m. ;  breadth  varying  from 
70  to  100  m.  The  table-land  of  Guate- 
mala extends  from  the  Isthmus  of  Chi- 
qijimula  to  that  of  Chuantepec  in  Mexico, 
&  extends  into  the  peninsula  of  Yucatan. 
In  some  places  this  table-land  is  5,000  ft. 
in  elevation.  It  contains  2  volcanic 
mntns.,  upwards  of  12,000  ft.  in  elev. 
The  climate  is  hot  &  moist  in  the  low- 
lands. On  the  coast  of  the  Caribbean  sea 
the  rains  are  very  copious.  Earthquakes 
are  very  frequent,  especially  in  the  table- 
lands, &  numerous  volcanoes  exist.  Prin- 
cipal rivers,  the  Motagua,  Ria  Dulce,  Rio 
Polochic,  Chicsoi,  Blewfields,  San  Juan. 
Principal  lakes,  Nicaragua  &  Leon, 
through  which  a  communication  between 
the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  oceans  has  long 
been  projected.  [Panama.]  On  both 
E.  &  W.  shores  there  are  many  good 
ports.  Below  the  elevation  of  3,000  ft., 
indigo,  cotton,  sugar,  &  cacao  are  the 
chief  crops;  between  3,000  to  5,000 feet 
the  coohineal  plant  is  abundantly  culti- 
vated. Maize  is  generally  raised,  but 
wheat  only  in  the  high  table-land  in  the 
N.  The  pop.  consists  of  aboriginal  tribes 
of  Europeans,  &  a  mixed  race.  Several 
tribes  live  in  an  independent  condition, 
without  intercourse  with  Europeans,  al- 
though those  along  the  Mosquito  shore 
consider  themselves  under  the  protection 
of  the  British. 

Centre,  county,  in  the  middle  of  Pa., 
contains  1,560  sq.  m.  Watered  by  several 
crs.  Surface  mountainous  ;  soil  indiffer- 
ent.    Some  bituminous  coal.     P.  23,355. 

Cap.    Bellfonte. II.    t.,    Greene    CO. 

Pa.     P.    1.503. III.   t.,    Indiana  co. 

Pa.     Drained  by  Yellow  &  Twoliok  crs. 


182 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[CER 


P.  1,615. IV.  t.,  Union  co.  Pa.   Drnd. 

by  several  crs. V.  t.,  Morgan  co.  0. 

P.   1,171. VI.  t.,  Monroe  co.  0. 

VII.  t.,  Guernsey  co.  0.     P.  1,159. 

VIII.  t.,  Columbiana  co.   0.     It  contains 
New  Lisbon,  the  cap.  of  the  co.   P.  3,197. 

IX.  t.,  Hancock  co.  la.   P.  722. X. 

t.,  Wayne  co.  la.  P.  3,058. XI.  t.,  But- 
ler CO.  Pa.     P.   1,834. XII.  t.,  Rush 

CO.  0.     P.  1,385. 

Centbe  Harbor,  t.,  Belknap  co.,  N.  H., 
between  Winnipiseogee  &  Squam  lakes. 

Centreville,  p-v.,  Kent  co.  N.  J. 
Woollen  &  cotton  fac. II.  p-t.,  Alle- 
ghany CO.  N.  Y.     P.  1,513. III.  p-v., 

cap.  of  St.  Joseph's  co.  Mich.     A  branch 

of  the  university  of  Mich.  here. IV. 

p-v.,  Fairfax  co.  Va. V.'cap.  of  Bibb 

CO.  Ala. VI.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Hickman  co. 

Tenn.  on  Duck  cr. VII.  p-v^  cap.  of 

Wayne  co.  la. 

Cephalonia,  the  largest  &  second  in 
rank  of  the  Ionian  isls.,  Mediterranean, 
off  the  W.  coast  of  Greece.  Area  348  sq. 
m.  P.  63,197.  Shape  very  irregular,  & 
it  is  indented  by  the  deep  bays  of  Samos 
&  Argostoli.  Surface  generally  uneven ; 
Monte  Nero,  or  the  "  Black  Mountain" 
(anc.  Mt.  Enosa),  in  the  S.  part,  rises  to 
5,306  feet  above  the  sea ;  in  the  S.W. 
part,  is  a  plain  of  considerable  extent. 

Cephissia,   a  vill.  Greece,  9  m.  N.E. 

Athens. II.  or  Melas,  riv.  in  Phocis, 

forming  the  N.  boundary  of  Boeotia.    - 

Cephissus,  a  r.  of  Greece,  gov.  Attica. 

Ceppaloni,'  a  market  town  of  Naples, 
prov.  Princip.  Ult.     P.  2,500. 

Ceprano,  a  market-town  of  Central 
Italy,  Pontif.  states.     P.  3,175. 

Cera,  an  isl  of  the  Asiatic  archipel- 
ago, immediately  W.  of  Timor  Laut. 

Ceram,  a  considerable  isl.  of  the  Asi- 
atic archipelago.  Estim.  area,  6,000  sq. 
m.  P.  26,704.  A  mountain  chain  trav- 
erses it  from  E.  to  W.,  rising  to  7,000 
or  8,000  feet  above  the  sea,  and  the  val- 
leys between  its  spurs  are  very  fertile. 
The  Dutch  claim  the  sovereignty  of  the 
isl.  Princip.  vill.  and  harb.,  Sanway  on 
the  N.  coast. 

Cerami,  a  town  of  Sicily,  prov.  Cata- 
nia.    P.  3,667. 

Cerano,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  prov. 
Novara.     P.  (with  comm.)  4,097. 

Cerdagne,  an  old  division  of  Europe, 
in  the  Pyrenees.  The  princip.  towns 
were  Mont  Louis  in  French,  and  Puy- 
Cerda  in  Spanish  Cerdagne. 

Cerdon,  a  comm.  and  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ain.     P.  1,837. 

Cere,  a  river  of  South  France,  deps. 
Cantal  and  Lot. 


Cere.  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep..  Lot.    P.  2,918. 

Cerea,  a  market  town  of  Lombardy. 
P.  (with  comm.)  5,689. 

Cebences,  a  comm.  and  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Manche.  P.  2,296. 
Ceres,  t.,  McKean  co.  Pa. 
Ceresole,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  prov. 
Alba.  p.  1,593.  In  its  vicinity  the 
French  gained  a  celebrated  victory  over 
the  Imperialists,  14lh  April,  1544. 

Ceret,  a  comm.  and  frontier  town  of 
France,  dep.  Pyren.  Orient.     P.  2,863. 

Ceriana,  a  vill.  of  the  Sard,  sta., 
prov.  San  Remo.     P.  2,161. 

Cergues  (St.),  a  vill.  of  Switzerl.,  cant. 
Vaud,  at  the  foot  of  Mont  Dole. 

Cerignola,  an  episcopal  town  of  Na- 
ples, prov.  Capitanata.  P.  10,130.  It 
has  a  college,  several  convents,  a  hos- 
pital, &  a  trade  in  cotton  &  fruits. 

Cerigo,  the  most  S.  of  the  7  princip. 
Ionian  isls.,  Mediterranean,  off  the  S.  ex- 
tremity of  the  Morea,  between  lat.  36°  7' 
&  36°  23'  N.,  &  in  Ion.  about  23  E. 
Area,  116  sq.  m.  P.  8,707.  Shores  ab- « 
ruptj  &  dangerous  to  shipping.  Surface 
mostly  mountainous  &  rocky. 

Cerigotto,  a  small  isl.  of  the  Medi- 
terr.,  midway  betw.  Cerigo  &  Crete,  1. 5  m. 
Cerilly,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  AUier.     P.  2,320. 

Cerina,  a  small  seaport  town  of  the 
isl.  Cyprus,  on  its  N.  coast. 

Cehisy,   several  comms.   &    vills.   of 

France,  Normandy,  the  princip.  in  dep. 

Manche,  cap.  cant.     It  has  2,468  inhabs. 

Cerizay,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 

dep.  Deux-Sevres.     P.  1,000. 

Cernay,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Haut-Rhin.     P.  3,610. 

Cerne- Abbas,  a  market  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Dorset. 

Cernin  (St.),  acomm.  &vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Cantal,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Doire.  P. 
3,046. 

Cerreto,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  T. 
di  Lavoro.  P.  4,930. II.  a  market- 
town  of  the  Pontif.  states. 

Cerreto  Guidi,  a  m  irket  town  of  Tus-  , 
cany,  prov.  Florence.     P.  2,396. 

Cerro,  a  market  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
T.  di  Lavoro.     P.  2,040. 

Cerro  Gordo,  the  first  mntn.  plateau 
on  the  route  from  Vera  Cruz  to  Mexico. 
Here,  on  the  ISthof  Apr.  1847,  the  Mex- 
icans, under  Santa  Anna,  were  defeated 

by  the  United  States  foi-ces. II.  (ilfo- 

rado  Negro),  two  mntns.  South  Amer., 
Plata  confed.,  dep.  La  Rioja,  &  the  for- 
mer yielding  gold  ore. III.  {de  Pas- 
co), a  town  of  Peru,  dep.  Junin.    Elev. 


cey] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


183 


14,280  ft.,   &   140   m.   N.E.   Lima.    P. 

estimated  from  7,000  to  16,000. IV. 

{Azul),  a  considerable  town,  dep.  Lima. 
V.  (de  Potosi),  a  famous  metallifer- 
ous mntn.,  Bolivia.     Elev.  16,037  feet. 

Cereo  del  Andevalo,  a  town  of 
Spain,  proT.  Huelva.     P.  2,728. 

Cerro  Frio,  Brazil.    [Sbrro  Frio.] 

Cerros,  an  isl.  of  Pacific  ocean,  off  tlie 
coast  of  Lower  California. 

Certaldo,  a  town  of  Tuscany,  prov. 
Florence,  on  the  Elsa.     P.  2,000. 

/Cerulean  Springs,  p-v.,Triggs  co.  Ky- 
Cervaro,  a  riv.  of  Naples,  prov.  Cap- 
itanata,  50  m.  long. 

Cervaro,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  T. 
di  Lavoro.     P.  3,330. 

Cervasca,  a  vill.  of  Sard,  sta.,  prov. 
Cunes,  near  1.  b.  of  the  Stura.     P.  2,490. 

Cervera,  a  town  of  Spain.     P.  5,312. 

II.    {del  Rio    Alhama),    prov.   Lo- 

grono.     P.  3,690. III.  prov.  Palencia. 

P.  2,000. IV.  a  cape  inlheMediterr., 

part  of  the  boundary  between  Spain  & 
France. 

Cervetere,  Ccere,  a  vill.  of  Central 
Italy,  Pontif.  states. 

Cervia,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  Pon- 
tif. states,  on  the  Adriatic.  P.  5,082.  Its 
salt-works  in  the  adjoining  marshes,  are 
the  most  important  in  the  Pontif.  states. 

Cervin  Mont,  a  mntn.  of  the  Pennine 
Alps.     Elev.  14,771  ft. 

Cervinara,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Princip.  Ult.     P.  5,390. 

Cervione,  a  comm.  &  seaport  town 
on  E.  coast  of  Corsica.     P.  1,536. 

Cervoli,  a  small  isl.of  Tuscany  in  the 
Mediterranean,  prov.  Pisa. 

Cesario  (San),  a  town  of  Naples, 
prov.  Otranto.     P.  3,499. 

Cesaro,  a  town  of  Sicily,  intend.  Mes- 
sina.    P.  3,000. 

Cesena,  a  town  of  Centr.  Italy,  Pon- 
tif. states,  on  the  Emilian  Way.  P. 
12,000.  Principal  buildings,  the  town- 
hall  in  the  great  square,  the  Capuchin 
church,  with  a  fine  painting  by  Guercino, 
&  the  library  founded  by  D.  Malatesta 
in  1452,  &  rich  in  MSS. 

Cesenatico,  a  seaport  town  of  the 
Pontif  -states,  on  the  Adriatic.     P.  8,043. 

Cesi,  a  vill.  of  the  Pontif.  states.  P. 
1,134.  Near  it  is  the  Grotta  del  Vento, 
whence  a  strong  current  of  wind  continu- 
ally issues. 

Cesson,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
lUe-et-Vilaine,  -on  rt.  b.  of  the  Vilaine. 
P.  2,366. 

Cestona,  a  vill.  of  Spain,  prov.  St.  Se- 
bastian, near  rt.  b.  of  the  Urola.  Pi  1,111. 
It  has  mineral  springs  &  baths. 


Cetignb,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
cap.  of  Montenegro.    ' 

Ceton,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Orne.     P.  1,010. 

Cetona,  a  vill.  of  Tuscany,  prov. 
Arezzo,  in  the  Val  di  Chiana.  It  is  built 
around  the  foot  of  Mt.  Cetona,  &  has  a 
castle,  a  palace,  &  a  coUeg.  church. 

Cetharo,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Calab.  Citra,  cap.  cant.,  with  a  small 
fishing  port  on  the  Mediterranean.  P. 
4,808. 

Cette,  a  comm.  &  seaport  of  France, 
dep.  Herault,  at  head  of  railway  from 
Beaucaire,  between  the  Mediterr.  &  the 
lagoon  of  Thau.  P.  16,613.  Its  harbor 
is,  spacious  &  secure,  from  16  to  19  ft.  in 
depth,  formed  by  two  piers  with  a  break- 
water. 

Ceuta,  a  seaport  of  Africa,  belonging 
to  Spain,  in  Morocco,  opposite  Gibraltar. 
P.  8,200.  The  castle  occupies  the  highest 
point  of  a  mntn.  Ceuta  has  many  points 
of  resemblance  to  Gibraltar ;  it  is  well 
supplied  with  water,  and,  if  properly 
garrisoned,  would  be  all  but  impregnable. 
It  is  the  chief  of  the  Spanish  presidios 
on  the  African  coast,  the  seat  of  a  royal 
court,  &  the  residence  of  a  military  gov- 
ernor, &  financial  intendant.  Ceuta  is  a 
Spanish  penal  colony.  Many  of  the 
prisoners  captured  from  the  force  with 
which  Gen.  Lopez  invaded  Cuba  were 
sent  here,  but  afterwards  released. 

Ceva,  a  town,  Sardinian  states.  Pied- 
mont, prov.  Mondovi,  on  the  Tanaro.  P. 
3,862. 

Cevennes,  a  range  of  mountains  in 
the  S.  of  France.  The  highest  points  are 
Mezin,  5,794  feet,  &  Lozere,  4,884  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  Ceven- 
nes served  as  a  retreat  for  numerous 
Protestant  families  after  the  revocation 
of  the  edict  of  Nantes. 

Cevennes,  an  old  country  of  France 
which  formed  the  N.E.  part  of  the  gov- 
ernment of  Languedoc,  cap.  Mende. 

Ceylon,  an  isl.  of  British  India,  sepa- 
rated from  the  S.  entrance  of  Hindostan 
by  the  gulf  of  Manaar ;  Shape  pyriform, 
with  apex  to  the  N.  Extreme  length 
from  N.  to  S.  270  m. ;  greatest  breadth, 
145  m.  Area,  24,664.  P.  1,421,661.  The 
southern  &  central  part  of  the  isl.  is  ele- 
vated &  mntnous.  Adam's  Peak  rising 
to  the  height  of  7,420  ft.,  &  Pedro  Talla- 
galla  to  8,400  feet.  The  E.  shore  is  bold 
&  rocky,  with.deep  water.  The  W.  shore 
is  uniformly  low,  &  indented  with  bays 
&  inlets.  The  zoology  of  the  isl.  is  much 
the  same  as  the  neighboring  continent 
An  extensive  pearl  bank  of  30  m.  length 


184 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPnr. 


[CHA 


at  Condachy,  yields  excellent  pearls,  & 
employs  2,000  divers  for  three  weeks  in 
spring.  Ceylon  was  known  to  the  Greeks 
in  the  time  of  Alexander,  as  also  to  the 
Romans.  It  was  visited  by  traders  in 
6th  cent.,  by  Marco  Polo  in  13th  cent., 
&  by  Sir  J.  Mandeville  in  14th.  The 
Portuguese  formed  a  settlement  at  Co- 
lombo in  1520.  They  were  superseded  by 
the^Dutch  in  17th  cent.  It  has  belonged 
to  England  since  1815 

Ceze,  a  riv.  of  France,  dep.  Gard.  L. 
50  m. 

Cezimbra,  a  seaport  town  of  Portugal, 
prov.  Estrema.dura,  on  a  bay  of  the  Med- 
iterranean. P.  5,000.  It  has  active  fish- 
eries. ,    ' 

Chabanais,  a  comrn.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Charente.     P.  1,895. 

Chabeuil,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Drume.     P.  1,496.     Manuf.  silk. 

CHABLAis,''the  most  N.  prov.  of  Savoy, 
on  the  lake  of  Geneva.  Surface  mntnous. 
Princip.  riv.  the  Dranse.  Chf.  towns, 
Thonon,  Evian,  &  Notre  Dame  d'Abond- 
ance.     P.  54,690. 

Ci-iABLis,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Yonne,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Seray.  P. 
2,583. 

Chabkis,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Indre.    -P.  2,077. 

Chacabuco,  a  town  of  Chile,  prov.  N. 
Santiago,  on  the  Colina. 

Chacao,  a  small  seaport  town  of  Chile, 
with  a  good  port,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the 
isl.  Chiloe. 

Chacapoyas,  a  town  of  Peru,  dep. 
Truxillo,  near  the  Ecuador  frontier.  P. 
4,000. 

Chaco  (El  Ghan),  a  wide  region  of  S. 
America,  in  the  centre  of  the  continent, 
territs.  Bolivia  &  La  Plata,  bounded  E. 
by  the  river  Paraguay,  &  traversed  by 
its  tributaries  the  Piloomayo,  Vermejo, 
&c. 

Chad  (Lake),  Cent.  Africa.  [Tchad 
(Lake).] 

Chadda,  a  riv.  of  Guinea,  flows  "W.  & 
joins  the  Quorra. 

Chagny,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  SaOne-et-Loir.  P.  3,072.  It  is  re- 
markable for  quaint  &  curious  architec- 
ture. 

Chagres,  a  river  of  S.  America,  New 
Granada,  isthmus  of  Panama,  rises  about 
30  m.  N.E.  Panama. 

Chagres,  a  seaport  town  of  Central 
America,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  isthmus 
of  Panama,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Chagres 
river,  in  the  Caribbean  sea.  The  Amer- 
ican steamers  carrying  the  mails  for 
California,  stop  here. 


Chaikal,  a  considerable  vill.  of  Af- 
ghanistan, chiefship  &  30  m.  N.  Cabool. 

Chaillac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 

dep.  Indre.     P.  2,595. II.  a  comm.  &, 

vill.,  dep.  H.  Vienne,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Vi- 
enne.     P.  1,188. 

Chailland,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Mayenne,  on  the  Ernee.     P.  2,583. 

Ckaille-les-Marais,  a  comm.  &  vill. 
of  Frarnce,  dep.  Vendee.     P.  2,136. 

Chaillevette,  a  comm.  &  seaport  vill. 
of  France,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Seudre.    P.  1,053. 

Chaise-Dieu  (La),  a  comm.  &  town, 
of  France,  dep.  H.  Loire.  ^^ 

Chai-Ya,  a  maritime  town  of  Lower     \ 
Siam,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Malay-  penini 
sula  &  gulf  of  Siam. 

Chakha  Mountains,  a  mntn.  range 
of  Abyssinia. 

Chalabre,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aude,  cap.  cant,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Lers. 
P.  2,855.  It  has  a  chamb.  of  manufs.  & 
extensive  manufs.  of  wooHen  cloths  & 
yarn. 

Chalain-Mew,  a  town  of  the  Burmese 
dom.  cap.  dist. 

Chalamont,  a  comm.  &  town,  France, 
dep.  Ain.     P.  1,422. 

Chalancon,  a  comm.  &  town,  France, 
dep.  Ardeehe.     P.  1,043. 

Chalbuanca,  a  town,  Peru,  dep.  Cuzco, 
cap.  prov.  Aymaraes. 

Chalcis,  or  Neghopont,  a  marit.  town 
of  Greece,  cap.  gov.  Eubcea,  on  the  Euri- 
pus  at  its  narrowest  part,  here  crossed 
by  a  bridge.     P.  5,000. 

Chalco,  a  town  of  the  Mexican  confed.,  . 
state  Mexico,  on  the  lake  of  Chalco. 

Chaleur  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence,  N.  Amer.  Lat.  48°N.,  Ion. 
65°  W.  Length  E.  to  ^Y.  about  90  m. ; 
breadth  from  12  to  20  m.  It  separates 
Lower  Canada  from  N.  Brunswick. 

Chalky  Bay,  an  inlet  near  the  S.W. 
extremity  of  Middle  isl.,  New  Zealand: 

Challamoux  &  Challes,  two  comms. 
&  viUs.  of  France  ;  the  former,  dep.  Sa- 
Cine-et-Loire.  P.  1,151.  The  latter,  dep. 
Sjirthe.     P.  1,258. 

Challans,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Vendee.     P.  1,458. 

Challonais,  an  old  division  of  France, 
in  the  prov.  Burgundy. 

Chalonnes-sur-Loirb,  a  comm.  & 
town  of  France,  dep.  Maine-et-Loire,  on 
1.  b.  of  the  Loire.  P.  2,238.  Manufs. 
woollen  &  cotton.     Brandy  distilleries. 

Chalons-sur-Marne,  a  comm.  &  city 
of  France,  cap.  dep.  Marne,  in  an  open 
country,  &  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Marne.  P. 
13,733.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  &  ir- 
regularly built,  princip.  of  timber,  lath, 


cha] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


185 


&  plaster.  Early  iu  the  Christian  era  it 
■was  one  of  the  most  important  commer- 
cial cities  of  Europe,  &  under  the  Mero- 
vinigan  kings  it  is  said  to  have  had 
60,0U0  inhabitants. 

Chalon-sur-Saone,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  SaOne-et-Loire,  on  r.  b. 
of  the  Saune.  Elev.,  584  ft.  P.  15,937. 
It  is  well  built;  &  a  handsome  C[uay, 
lined  by  good  houses,  stretches  along  the 
SaOne,  which  here  becomes  navigable 
for  the  Lyon  steamboats.  Being  at  the 
junction  of  several  great  roads,  &  con- 
neoled  with  the  Mediterranean,  Atlantic, 
&  N.  sea,  by  the  Rhone,  Saone,  Loire,  & 
several  large  canals,  it  is  the  centre  of  a 
considerable  trade,  &  it  exports  a  good 
deal  of  wine,  timber,  charcoal,  iron,  lime- 
stone, &  agricultural  produce  to  other 
parts  of  France. 

Chalosse,  an  old  divis.  of  France,  in 
the  prov.  Gascogne. 

Chalus,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Vienne,  on  the  Tardouere.  P. 
1,143. 

Cham,  a  pa.  &  vill.  of  Switzerl.,  cant. 

of  the  lake  of  Zug.    P.   1,045. II.  a 

town  of  Bavaria,  circ.  Upper  Palat.,  on 

the  Cham.     P.  2,081. III.  a   marit. 

town  of  Siam,  on  the  gulf  of  Siam. 

Chama,  a  riv.  of  S.  Ainer.,  dep.  Zulia, 
enters  the  lake  of  Maracaybo.  L.  75  m. 
II.  a  riv..  Guinea,  enters  the  Atlan- 
tic 26  m.W.S.AV.  Cape  Coast  Castle.  L. 
75  m. 

Chamalaei,  one  of  the  principal  peaks 
of  the  Himalaya  mntns..  Central  Asia, 
between  Tibet  &  Bootan.  Elev.  about 
27,200  feet. 

Chamalieres,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Puy-de-Dume,  1,033  inhab- 
itants ;  a  church  of  the  4th  century.  & 
manufs.  of  paper.  In  its  vicinity  are 
mineral  springs  &  grottoes. 

Chamas  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of  S. 
France,  dep.  Bouches-du-RhOne,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  lagoon  of  Berre.  P.  2,709. 

Chambeeet,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Correze.     P.  2,827. 

Chambers,  county,  Ala.,  in  the  E.  part 
of  the  state  contains  700  sq.m.  Washed 
by  the  Chattahoochee  r.  P.  23,960.  Ca.p. 
Lafayette. 

Chambersbtjrg,  p-v.,  cap.  Franklin 
CO.  Penn.  oa  a  branch  of  the  Potomac  r. 
P.  4,D30. 

Chambertin,  a  famous  vineyard  of 
France,  dep.  Cute  d'Or,  arrond.  Dijon.  It 
produces  annually  from  130  to  150  pipes 
of  the  finest  growth  of  Burgundy  wine. 

Chambery,  an  episcop.  city  of  the  Sard, 
sta.,  cap.  of  Savoy  proper,  on  the  Leysse. 


P.  of  comm.  15,916.  It  has  one  good 
street,  &  some  squares  adorned  with  foun- 
tams,  but  it  is  otherwise  irregularly  laid 
out,  &  dull.  Priacipiil  buildings,  the  old 
castle  of  the  dukes  of  Savoy,  a  cathedral, 
4  convents,  &  3  barracks.  It  h;\s  a  royal 
Jesuit's  college  &  a  public  lib.  of  16,000 
vols.  Manufs.  of  silk  gauze  &  other  fab- 
rics. 

Chambly,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Oise.    P.  1,307. 

Chambly,  a  tnshp.  &  fort  of  Lower 
Canada,  eo.  Kent,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Riehliea 
or  Chambly  river. 

Chambon,  sevl.comms.  &  small  towns 

of  France. 1,  dep.  Creuse,  cap.  cant., 

on  the  Tardes.     P.   1,353. II.  a  vill., 

dep.  H.  Loire.     P.  2,400. :III.  {Feu- 

gerolles),  dep.  LoLi-e,  cap.  canton.  P. 
1,736. 

Chambord,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Loir-et-Cher,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Cosson. 
It  has  a  magnificent  chateau,  commenced 
by  Francis  I.  &  finished  by  Louis  XIV. 
It  was  long  the  residence  of  Stanislas 
Lecszinsky,  king  of  Poland ;  presented 
by  Louis  XV.  to  Marechal  Saxe  in  1745  ; 
by  Louis  XVI.  to  the  family  of  Polignac ; 
&  by  Napoleon  to  Marechal  Berthier ;  & 
purchased  by  subscription  in  1821  for  the 
Due  de  Bordeaux.  The  park,  which  is 
about  21  m.  in  circum.,  &  surrounded  by 
walls,  is  one  of  the  finest  in  Europe. 

Chamboulive,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Correze.     P.  3,093. 

Cham-Callao,  an  isl.  in  the  China  sea, 
off  the  E.  coast  of  Cochin-China. 

Chamisso  Island,  Russian  Amer.,  is 
near  the  head  of  the  bay  of  Good  Hope. 
Shores  steep,  except  on  its  E.  side,  &  it 
rises  to  231  feet. 

Chamond  (St.),  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Loire,  cap.  cant.,  at  the  confl.  of  the  Gier 
&  the  Ban  rivs.  P.  8,236.  It  is  well 
built  &  thriving. 

Chamonix,  a  valley  of  the  Sard,  sta., 
prov.  Faucigny,  forms  the  upper  part  of 
the  basin  of  the  Arve,  elev.  above  the 
sea  at  the  vill.  of  Chamonix,  3,425  ft. 
This  valley  is  the  most  celebrated  in  the 
Alps  for  its  picturesque  sites,  &  the  wild 
grandeur  of  its  mntns.  &  glaciers. 

Chamoory,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  Be- 
rar  dom.,  on  the  Wynegunga  riv. 

Champagne,  an  old  prov.  of  France, 
of  which  the  cap.  was  Troj-es,  now  form- 
ing the  greater  portion  of  the  4  deps.  of 
Ardennes,  Marne,  Aube,  &  H.  Marne,  & 
part  of  those  of  Aisne,  Seine-et-Marne, 
&  Yonne. 

Champagne,  a  dist.  of  France,  in  the 
dpps.  Charente  &  Charente-Inf. 


f 


186 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[CHA 


Champ AGNEY,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  SaOne.     P.  3,000. 

Champagkole,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Jura,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Ain. 
P.  3,201.  It  has  manufs.  of  nails  &  iron- 
wire. 

Champaign,  county,  0.,  towards  the 
W.  part  of  state,;  in  some  parts,  rolling, 
in  others,  low  &  wet.     P.  19,762.     Cap. 

Urbana. II.  county.  111.,  in  E.  part  of 

state,  contains  792  sq.  m.,  drained  by 
several  rs.     P.  2,649.     Cap.  Urbana. 

Champaubert,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Marne.  Here  the  advanced 
guard  of  the  Russ.  &  Pruss.  army  re- 
ceived a  check  from  Napoleon's  troops, 
Feb.  10,  1814. 

Champdeniers,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Deux-Sevres.     P.  1,380. 

Champeix,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Puy-de-Dome,  cap.  cant.,  on  the 
Couze.     P.  1,890. 

Champigny,  several  comms.  &  vills. 
of  France;  the  principal  in  dep.  Seine, 
with  1,467  inhabs. 

Champion,  p-t.,  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  2,206. II.  t.,  Trumbull  co.O. 

Champlain,  port  of  entry,  Clinton  co. 
N.  Y^  on  Lake  Champlain,  drained  by 
Chazy  r.  Furnaces,  tanneries,  &  saw 
mills.     P.  5,067. 

Champlain  Lake  lies  between  the 
states  N.  Y.  &  Vt.  Length  120  m. 
breadth  fr.  J  mile  to  10  m.  Its  chief 
islands  are  North  Hero,  South  Hero,  & 
La  Motte.  The  value  of  the  trade  on 
this  lake  in  1848,  was  officially  stated  to 
be  $16,750,700. 

Champlitte,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Saone,  cap.  cant.  P. 
2,770. 

Champniers,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Charente.     P.  4,000. 

Champoton,  a  marit.  vill.,  Centr. 
Amer.,  Yucatan,  at  mouth  of  riv.  Cham- 
poton, Campsachy  bay,  gulf  of  Mexico. 

Champsaur,  a  dist.  of  France,  in  the 
old  prov.  of  Dauphine. 

Champsegret,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Orne.     P.  4,049. 

Champtoce,  a  comm.-  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Maine-et-Loir,  near  r.  b.  of 
the  Loire.     P.  1,923. 

Chamusca,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov. 
Estremadura,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Tagus.  P. 
3,200. 

Chanac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Lozere,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Lot.  P. 
1,881.     It  has  manufactures  of  serges. 

Chanak-Kalessi,  Asia- Minor,  Ana- 
tolia, on  the  Dardanelles,  is  a  miserable 
town  of  2,000  houses,  occupying  a    flat 


point  opposite  the  Castle  of  Europe.  It 
has  some  potteries,  whence  its  Turkish 
name. 

Chancay,  a  seaport  town  of  N.  Peru, 
dep.  Lima,  cap.  prov.,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Chancay  riv.,  in  the  Pacific. 

Chanceford,  t.,  York  co.  Penn. 

Chanda,  a  dist.,  Hindostan,  Berar 
dom.,  prov.  Gundwana,  90  m.  in  length, 
&  60  m.  in  breadth. 

Chandahnee,  a  town,  Punjab,  prov. 
Lahore. 

Chandeleur  Island,  a  group,  Gr.  of 
Mexico,  50  m.  N.  the  mouth  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi. 

Chandercona,  a  considerable  town, 
British  India,  presid.  &  prov.  Bengal. 

Chanderee,  a  large  dist.  of  Hindostan, 
prov.  of  Malwa,  90  m.  in  length,  &  70  m. 
in  breadth. 

Chandergiri,  a  town  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Madras,  dist.  Arcot. 

Chandernagore,  a  town  and  the  prin- 
cipal of  the  French  estab.  in  India,  Ben- 
gal, on  the  Hooghly  riv.  Pop.  35,895, 
of  whom  283  were  Europeans.  It  is  well 
situated,  well  built,  &  clean,  but  dull  & 
decaying. 

Chandlerville,  t.,  Somerset  co.  Me. 

Chandode,  a  large  town  of  India,  Ba- 
roda  dom.,  on  the  Nerbudda. 

Chandore,  a  large  town  of  Brit.  In- 
dia, presid.  Bombay,  dist.  Candeish. 

Chandpoor,  two  towns  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

Chang-Chow,  a  city  of  China,  prov. 
Fo-kien,  cap.  dep.,  on  a  riv.  P.  has  been 
estimated  at  800,000;  &  it  is  stated  to  be 
as  well  supplied  with  merchandise  as 
Canton. 

Change,   two  vills.   of  France. 1. 

dep.  Sarthe.     P.  2,815. II.  dep.  May- 

enne.     P.  2,000. 

Chang-se-tchou,  a  town  of  Assam, 
prov.  Tonquin,  on  the  Chinese  frontier. 

Channel  Isls.,  a  name  employed  to 
designate  a  group  of  isls.  in  the  English 
channel,  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  France  ; 
the  princip.  being  Jersey,  Guernsey,  Ald- 
erney,  Sercq  &  Herm. 

Channi-Khan-Digot,  a  town  of  Hin- 
dostan, Bhawlpoor  dom. 

Chantelle,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Allier.  P.  1,708.  Commerce 
in  wines. 

Chantenay,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Loire  Inf.,   on  r.  b.  of  the 

Loire.    P.   3,935. II.    a    vill.,    dep. 

Nievre.    P.  1,423. III.   a  vill.,  dep. 

Sarthe.     P.  1,358.  ■* 

Chantibun,  a  large  inland  town,  Siam, 
cap.  prov.,  on  a  river  near  its  mouth,  in 


cha] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


187 


the  gulf  of  Siam.  It  exports  ft.-om  30,000 
to  40,000  pieuls  of  pepper  annually. 

Chantilly,  a  comoi.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Oise,  on  the  Nonnette.  P.  2,335.  It 
has  celeb,  manufs.  of  lace  &  porcelain. 

Chantonnay,  a  cotnm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Vendee.     P.  1,176. 

Chantrigne,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  jdep.  Mayenne.     P.  1.970. 

Chanu,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Orne.  P.  2,763.  Exten,sive  manufs.  of 
hardwares,  &  quarries  of  building  stones. 

Chanza,  a  frontier  riv.  betw.  Spain  & 
Portugal,  which,  after  a  S.S.W.  course  of 
55  m.,  joins  the  Guadiana. 

Chao-de-Couce,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
Estremadura,  cap.  comarca.     P.  3,000. 

Chao-Hing,  a  city  of  China,  prov. 
Che-kiang,  cap.  dep.,  on  a  rir.  near  its 
mouth.  It  stands  in  a  fertile  plain,  &  is 
intersected  by  canals,  well  paved,  clean, 
&  healthy. 

Chao-Khing,  a  city  of  China,  prov. 
Quang-tong,  cap.  dep.,  on  the  Si-kiang. 

Chao-ma-ing,  a  town,  Mongolia,  in 
the  desert  of  Gobi. 

Chao-nan,  a  seaport  town  of  China, 
prov.  Fo-kien. 

Chaos,  or  Bird  Islands,  several  small 
rocky  islets  of  S.  Africa,  at  the  entrance 
of  Algoa  bay. 

Chao-Tchou,  2  cities  of  China,  prov. 

Quang-tong. 1,  cap.  dep.,  on  the  Pe- 

kiang. II.    cap.   dep.,   on   the   Han- 

Kiang^ 

Chaource,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.-Aube,  cap.- cant.,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Ar- 
mance.     P.  1,534. 

Chao-wou,  a  city  of  China,  prov.  Fo- 
kien,  in  the  tea  district.  Its  woven  fab- 
rics have  a  high  repute. 

Chapada,  several  towns   &  vills.   in 

Brazil. 1,  a  new  town,  prov.  Maranhao, 

on  upper  part  of  the  Rio  Grajehu,  cap. 

comm. II.  MinasGeraes,  N.E.Fanado. 

P.  2,300. III.  {de  Sta.  Anna),  the  old- 
est market  town  of  Mato-Grosso.  P, 
4,000. 

Chapala,  a  considerable  lake  in  the 
Mexican  confed.,  between  the  states 
Mechoacan  &  Guadalaxara.  Area,  1,300 
sq.  ip.     It  contains  many  isls. 

Chapel-en-le-Frith,  a  mkt.  town  of 
Engl.,  CO.  Derby.  ^ 

Chapel  Hill,  p-v.,  Orange  eo.  N.  C, 
on  the  New-Hope  r.  Elevated  &  healthy. 
It  is  the  seat  of  the  university  of  N.  C. 
This  institution  has  a  president,  9  pro- 
fessors, about  800  alumni,  &  a  library  of 
12,000  vols. 

Chapelle  (La),  a  prefixed  name  of 
numerous    comms.,    towns,    &    vills.   in 


France,  the  principal  of  which  are  : 

I.  {C.  Agnon),   dep.  Puy-de-DOme.     P.- 

3,038. II.  (d'Aligne),  dep.  Sarthe.   P. 

1,533. III.  (d'Angillon),  a  town,  dep. 

Cher.     P.  766. IV..  {aux  Fots),  dep. 

Oise,  with  extensive  manuf.  of  pottery 

ware. V.    {aux   £ois),    Vosges.     P. 

1,258. VI.    {Basse  Mer),    Loire  Inf. 

P.  4,336. VII.  {d'Armentieres).  Nord. 

P.  2,000. VIII.  {des  Marais),'  Loire 

Inf.  P.  1,941. IX.  {en  Vecors),  Drome, 

cap.  cant.   P.  1,343. X.  {Janson),  Ille- 

et-Vilaine,  Fougeres.     P.  2,031. XI. 

{La  Reine),  dep.  Seine-et-Marne.    P.  976. 

XII.  (Si!.  Denis),  Seine^     P.  12,911. 

XIII.  {St.  Sauveur),  Saune-et-Loire. 

P.  1,900. XIV.  {St.  Mesmin),  dep. 

Loiret.     P.  1,271. XV.   {sur  Erdre), 

Loire  Inf.     P.  2,294. XVI.  {Volant), 

Jura.     P.  1,907. 

Chaplin,  t.,  Windham  co.  Conn.; 
watered  by  Natchaud  riv.     P.  704. 

Chapman,  p-t.,  Union  co.  Penn.   Some 

water  power.    P.  1,297. II.  t.,  Clinton 

CO.  Penn. 

Chapniers,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Charente  Inf.     P.  4,257. 

Chapoo,  an  important  marit.  town  of 
China,  prov.  Che-kiang. 

Chapola,  riv.,  Florida  &  Ala.,  a  branch 
of  the  Apalachieol&,  45  m.  long. 

Chaprung,  a  town  of  Tibet,  on  the 
Sutleje. 

Chabalan,  &  Charapoto,  two  towns 
of  S.  America ;  the  former  N.  Granada  ; 
the  latter  Ecuador,  near  the  bay  of  Cha- 
rapoto, Pacific  ocoan. 

Charbar,  a  large  &  well-sheltered  bay, 
Beloochistan,  prov.  Mekran,  in  the  Indian 
ocean. 

Charbonnier,  &  Charbonnieres,  two 
comins.  &  vills.  of  France. 

Chard,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  Somerset. 

Chard  ak,  Anava,  a  lake  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia.  Length,  16m.;  breadth,  3  to 
4  m.  Great  quantities  of  salt  are  col- 
lected from  it. 

Chardon,  p-t.,  cap.  of  Georgia  co.  0. 
P.  1,621. 

Charensat,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Puy-de-Dome.     P.  1,900. 

Charente,  a  riv.  in  the  W.  of  France, 
rises  in  the  dep.  H.  Vienne.  Length  20  m. 

Charente,  a  dep.  of  France  (cap.  An- 
gouleme),  situated  between  lat.  45°  10' 
&  46°  8'  N.  Area,  2,270  sp.  m.  P.  (in 
1851),  882,912.  Surface  undulating;  it- 
contains  many  deep  caverns  ;  hilly  in  the 
N.E.,  where  there  are  many  shallow 
lakes.  Principal  rivs.,  the  Charente  & 
Vienne.  Vineyards  comprise  112,600 
hect.,  but  the  wines  are  of  inferior  quality. 


■'TlWPli..^ 


188 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY, 


[CHA 


The  Cognac  &  Jarnac  brandies  are  from 
this  dep. 

Charente-Inferieube,  a  marit.  dep. 
of  W.  Frtmce.  Area,  includ.  the  isls.  Re 
&  Oleron,  2,763  sq.  m.  P.  (in  1S51) 
469,992.  Cliniate'tetnp.  Surface  level. 
Princip.  rivs.  the  Charente,  Boutonne,  & 
Sevre-Niortaise.  Soil  generally  fertile. 
Value  of  annual  wine  prod.,  800,000Z. 

Charenton,  acomm.&  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine,  on  rt.  b.  of  Marne.     P.  2,804. 

Charette,  t.,  Warren  co.  0.    P.  1,332. 

CHARUiAR,  a  town  of  Afghanistan, 
Cabool.     P.  5,000. 

Charite  (La),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Nie'srre,  cap.  cant.,  on  rt.  b. 
of  the  Loire.  P.  4,522.  It  has  anchor- 
forges,  button,  hardware, &  glass  factories, 
&  an  active  trade  in  iron,  timber,  corn,  & 
chai'coal. 

Chariton,  county,  Mo,,  situated  cen- 
trally in"  the  N.  part  of  the  state. 
Washed  by  the  Missouri  r.      Area  832 

sq.  m.     P.  7,514.     Cap.  Keytesville. 

II.    r..     Mo.,    130   m.   long.- III.   t., 

Howard  co.  Mo. IV.  t.,   Macon   co. 

Mo. 

Charjooee,  a  town  of  Independent 
Turkestan,  Khanat,  about  6  m.  S.  the 
Oxus.     P.  5,000. 

Charkov,  a  gov.,  Russia. 

Charlemont,  t.,  Franklin  co.  Mass. 
P.  1,127. 

Charleroi,  a  strongly  fortified  town 
of  Belgium,  prov.  Hainault,  cap.  arrond., 
on  the  Satnbre.  P.  6,300,  employed'iii 
extens.  coal  mines,  iron  foundries. 

Charles  (Cape),  the  most  E.  point  of 

Labrador.    British  N.  Amer. II.  U. 

States,  Virginia,  forming  with  Cape 
Henry  the  entrance  to  Chesapeake  bay. 
— (JsZonti),  British  N.  Amer.,  in  Hudson 
strait.  Length  35  m.,  breadth  25  m. — 
One  of  the  Galapagos  isls. — {River), 
United  States,  Massachusetts,  enters  Bos 
ton  harbor  after  a  N.E.  course  of  about 
50  m. 

Charles,  county,  Md.,  in  the  S.W. 
part  of  the  state  on  the  Potomac.  P. 
16,162.     Cap.  Port  Tobacco. 

Charles  City,  county,  Va.,  situated 
centrally  in  the  S.E.  part  of  the  state. 
Washed  by  James  r.  Area  208  sq.  m. 
P.  5,200.     Cap.  Charles  City  c.  h. 

Charles  City,  c.  h.,  cap.  of  Charles 
City  CO.  Va. 

Charles,  r.,  Mass.,  flowing  into  Bos- 
ton harbor. 

Charleston,  district,  S.  C,  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  the  state.  Contains  2.244  sq.  m. 
It  has  the  Santee  r.  on  the  N.E.  Drained 
by  Ashley  &  Cooper  rs.     Staple  prod. 


rice  &  cotton.  P.  83,644.  Cap.  Charles- 
ton. 

Charleston,  a  seaport  city  of  S.  Caro- 
lina, cap.  dist.  of  same  name,  on  a  low 
point  of  land  formed  by  the  confl.  of  the 
Cooper  &  Ashlev  rivs.,  7  m.  from  the 
Atlantic.  Lrit.  32°  46'  33"  N.  P.  32,123. 
Tonnage  3,141,027.  Streets  mostly  broad 
&,  regular;  houses  of  brick  or  painted 
wo'od,  often  adorned  with  piazzas  &  sur- 
rounded with  gardens,  with  vines,  orange, 
k  peach  trees.  Chief  buildings  &  insti- 
tutions, the  city-hall,  exchange,  custom- 
ho.,  court-ho.,  jail,  2  arsenals,  a  theatre, 
circus,  'college,  literary  soc,  the  city 
libr.  with  15,000  vols.,  acad.  of  fine  arts, 
orphan  asylum,  hospital,  2  mkts.,  sevl.' 
banks,  about  24  churches,  &  2  or  3  fine 
hotels.  The  bay  or  harbor  formed  by 
the  confl.  of  Cooper  &  Ashley  rivs.,  is 
about  2  m.  in  breadth,  &  has  deep  water 
up  to  the  city  wharves.  Principal  ex- 
ports are  the  cotton  &  rice  of  S.  Caro- 
lina. Imports  consist  of  cotton,  woollen, 
&  linen  fabrics,  shoes,  hardwares,  colonial 
produce  &  provisions  generally ;  of  which 
the  greater  part  come  from  the  N.  & 
middle  states.  Steamers  &  lines  of  pack- 
ets run  between  the  city  &  New  York,  & 
a  railway  connects  it  with  the  N.  &  mid- 
dle states  on  the  one  side,  &  with  Geor- 
gia in  the  W.  on  the  other.  Charleston 
was  founded  in  1680.  In  1690,  a  colony 
of  French  refugees  exiled  in  consequence 
of  the  edict  of  Nantes,  permanently  set- 
tled here.  It  has  frequently  suffered  by 
fire  &  by  the  ravages  of  yellow  fever. 
The  water  in  Charleston  is  bad  &  cisterns 
are  generally  used.  In  1848,  the  imports 
here  amounted  to  $1,485,299  ;  exports 
(chiefly  cotton  &  rice)  $8,081,917;  reve- 
nue from  customs  $324,468.     Exports  in 

1850,    $12,394,497. II.   t.,  Penobscot 

CO.  Me.  P.  1,269. III.  t,  Montgom- 
ery CO.  N.  J.,  on  Schoharie  r.     P.  2,103. 

IV.  t.,  Tioga  CO.  Pa.     P.  1,010. 

V.  Kalamazoo  co.  Mich. VI.  p-v.,  cap. 

Clark  CO.  la. VII.  t.,  Orleans  co.  Vt. 

VIII.  a  small  maritime  vill.  of  Engl.,  co. 

Cornwall,  on  its  S.W.  coast. IX.  the 

cap.  town  of  the  British  W.  India  isl. 
Nevis,  on  its  N.W.  coast.     P.  1,806. 

Charlestown,  a  town  &  port  of  Mas- 
sachusetts, 1  m.  N.  Boston,  with  which 
city  it  communicates  by  bridges  across 
Charles  river.  P.  17,216.  Streets, 
though  irregular,  are  spacious,  &  planted 
with  trees.  Chief  buildings,  a  model 
state  prison,  a  town  house,  hospital,  alms 
ho.,  about  9  churches,  &  in  the  navy 
yard,  covering  60  ac.,  a  marine  hospital, 
warehouse,  arsenal,  powder  magazine,  & 


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UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


189 


covered  docks,  in.  whicli  the  largest  ves- 
sels Of  war  are  built.  Charlestown  has 
also  numerous  timber  yards,  rope-walks, 
potteries,  &  distilleries.  Immediately 
in  the  rear  of  the  town  is  Bunker  Hill, 
the  scene  of  the  battle  of  17th  June,  1775. 

— r-II.  t,  Sullivan  co.  N.  H. III.  t., 

Washington     co.      R.    I.,    watered     by 

Charles  r. IV.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Jefferson 

CO.  Va. V.  t..  Portage  co.  0. VI. 

t.,  Chester  co.  Pa.     P.  1,039. 

Charleval,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Eure,  on  the  Andelle.  P.  1,013. 
Manufs.  of  calicoes. 

Charleville,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ardennes,  with  which  it 
communicates  by  an  avenue  &  suspen- 
sion bridge  across  the  Meuse.  P.  8,338. 
It  is  well  built,  clean,  &  handsome ;  it 
has  a  college,  an  ecclesiastical  school,  & 
a  public  library  with  22,000  vols. 

Charleville,  Rathgogan,  a  town  of 
Ireland,  Munster  co.  Cork.     P.  4,237. 

Charlieu,  a  coram.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Loire.     P.  3,532. 

Chaklois,  a  vill.  of  ISTetherlands,  S. 
Holland,  on  the  Maas.     P.  2,000. 

Charlotte,  a  county,  in  S.  part  of  Vicr 
ginia.     Ai-ea,  600  sq.  m.     P.  13,953. 

Charlotte,  town,  Washington  co.  Me. 
— — II.  t.,   Chittenden  co.  Vt.  on  Lake 

Champlain.     P.  1,634. III.  p-v.,  cap. 

Mecklenburg  co.  N.  C.  on  a  branch  of  the 
Catawga  river.  Here  is  a  branch  of  the 
U.  S.  mint.  E.  of  Charlotte  are  a  num- 
ber  of  gold   mines. IV.  p-v.,   cap. 

Dickinson  CO.  Tenn. V.  t.,  Chautauque 

CO.  N.  Y.    P.  1,428. VI. ^^c.  h.  p-v., 

cap.  Charlotte  co.  Va.  near  Little  Ro- 
anoke riv. 

Charlotte  Amalie,  a  town  of  the 
Danish. West  Indies,  cap.  of  the  isl.  St. 
Thomas.  P.  10,100.  It  is  built  in  the- 
form  of  an  amphitheatre  behind  a  spa- 
cious bay,  which  renders  it  one  of  the 
best  trading  places  in  the  W.  Indies. 

Charlotte  Isls.  [Queen  Char- 
lotte's ISLS.] 

Charlottenbrunn,  atown  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  with  mineral  springs.  P.  1,070. 
Manufs.  of  linens  &  cottons. 

Charlottenburg,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
prov.  Brandenburg,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Spree. 
P.  7,290,  partly  employed  in  steam  cot- 
ton mills,  cotton  print-works,  manufs.  of 
hosiery,  &c. 

Charlotte  Hall,  p-v.,  St.  Mary's  co. 
Md.    An  academy  endowed  bythe  state. 

Charlottesville,  a  vill.  Virginia,  cap. 
CO.  Albemarle.  P  1,100.  It  is  the  seat 
of  the  Virginia  university,  an  establish- 
ment well  endowed  by  the  state,  &  which 


has  eight  professors,  an  observatory,  a 
museum,  &  lib.  of  16,000  vols.,  attended 
by  about  300  students. 

Charlotte-Town,  the  cap.  of  Prince 
Edward  Isl.,  Brit.  America,  on  Hillsbor- 
ough river,  near  the  S.  coast,  with  one 
of  the  best  harbors  in  the  adjacent  seas. 
P.  3,500. 

Charlton,  t.,AVorcester  co.  Mass.  Some 

manufs.     P.  2,015. II.  p-t.,  Saratoga 

CO.  N.  Y.,  drained  by  a  branch  of  the  Mo- 
hawk.    Some  manufs.    P.  1,933. 

Charly,  several  vills.  of  France  ;  tho 
chief  in  dep.  Aisne,  cap.  cant.    P.  1,603. 

Charmes-sur-Moselle,  a  comm.  & 
town  of  France,  dep.  Vosges,  cap.  cant., 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Moselle,  here  crossed  by  a 
bridge  of  10  arches.     P.  3,011. 

Charneux,  a  vill.  of  Belgium^  prov. 
Liege.  P.  2,300.  It  has  manufs.  of 
cloth,  &  the  anc.  abbey  of  Val-Dieu. 

Charnock-Heath,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl., 
CO.  Lancashire.     P.  1,062. 

Chaeny,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Yonne.     P.  1,065. 

Charolais,  an  old  subdivision  of 
France  in  the  prov.  Burgundy. 

Charolles,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Saune-et-Loire.     P.  2,962. 

Charonne,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine.  P.  5,433.  Manufs.  of  chem- 
ical products,  wax  candles,  &  colors. 

Charost,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Cher.     P.  1,239. 

Charpey,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Drome.     P.  2,770. 

Charroux,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Vienne.     P.  1,740. 

Chars,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Seine-et-Oise,  on  the  Viosne.    P.  1,019. 

Charshambah.  a  town  of  Asia-Minor, 
pash.  Sivas,  on  the  Yeshil  Irmak  river. 
{Iris.) 

Chartiers,  a  small  riv.  of  Penn.,  30 

m.  long,  flowing  into  the  Ohio. I-I.  t., 

Washington  co.  Pe»n.  Coal  abounds.  P. 
1,616. 

Chartre  (La),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Sai-the,  cap.  cant.,  on  1.  b. 
of  the  Loir.  P.  1,620.  Trade  in  cattle 
&  grain. 

Chartres,  a  comm.  &  city  of  France, 
cap.  dep.  Eure-et-Loir,  on  a  steep  decliv- 
ity beside  the  Eure. 

Charwah,  a  town  of  India,  Hindostan, 
prov.  Candeish. 

Chasgo,  a  cluster  of  vills.  Afghanistan, 
8,697  feet  above  the  sea. 

Chasma,  a  river  of  military  Croatia, 
55  m.  long. 

Chasselas,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  SaOne-et-Loire. 


190 


CYCLOPEDIA   OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[CHA 


Chasseneuil,  a  comm.  &  t.  of  France, 
dep.  Charente.  P.  1,821.  Also  vills.  deps. 
Indre  &  Vienna. 

Chasseral,  a  mntn.  of  Switzerland, 
one  of  the  culminating  points  of  the  Jura 
range,  cant.  Bern.     Blev.  5,280  ft. 

Chasseron,  a  mntn.  of  the  Jura  range, 
between  the  French  dep.  Doubs,  &  the 
Swiss  cant.  Vaud.     Eley.  5,280  ft. 

Chatauq.ue,  a  co.  in  the  N.-most  part 
of  N.  Y.,  on  L.  Erie.  Area,  1,017  sq.  m. 
It  has  a  lake  coast  of  30  m. ;  &  about  5 
m.  from  the  lake,  an  elevated  ridge, 
1,400  feet  high,  divides  the  waters  that 
flow  into  the  lake,  from  those  that  take 
their  course  to  the  gulf  of  Mexico. — Chf. 
town  of  same  name,  near  Portland,  on 

Lake  Erie.     P.   50,493. Lake     Cha- 

tauque,  in  its  vicinity,  is  18  m.  in  length 
N.  to  S.,  elev.  1,291  ft.,  navigable  by 
steamboats,  &  connected  by  its  outlet 
with  the  river  Alleghany. 

Cha-Tchou,  a  t.,  Chinese  Turkestan. 

Chateau  (Le),  a  comm.  &  seaport 
t.  of  France,  dep.  Charente  Inf.,  on  the 
S.E.  point  of  the  isl.  of  Oleron.    P.  1,314. 

Chateaubriant,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Loire  Inf.     P.  3,088. 

Chateau-Chalon,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Jura,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Seille. 
Excellent  wine  produced  in  its  vicinity. 

Chateau-Chinon,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ni^vre,  in  a  mntnous.  dist., 
near  r.  b.  of  the  Yonne.     P.  2,845. 

Chateau-d'CEx,  avill.  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Vaud,  cap.  dist.,  Lausanne,  on  r.  b. 
of  the  Sarine.     P.  2,010. 

Chateau-du-Loir,  a  town  &  comm.  of 
France,  dep.  Sarthe,  cap.  cant.,  on  a  hill 
near  r.  b.  of  the  Loire.  P.  2,736.  It 
has  manufs.  of  linens,  cotton  twist  &  leath- 
er, &  a  brisk  trade  in  grain  &  chestnuts. 

Chateaudun,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Eure-et-Loire,  near  1.  b.  of 
the  Loire.     P.  5,756. 

Chateaug  ay,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  2,324. 

Chateaugiron,  a  comm.  -&  town  of 
France,  dep.  lUe-et-Vilaine,  cap.  cant. 
P.  1,453. 

ChAteau-GtOntier,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  &  on  the  Mayenne.  P. 
6,254.  It  has  manufs.  of  linen,  &  wool- 
len fabrics,  &  bleach-grounds  ;  &  it  is  the 
entrepot  for  the  wine,  slate,  coal,  &c.,  of 
the  dep. 

Chateau-Landon,  a  comm.  &  town 
of    France,    dep.    Seine-et-Marne,  cap. 

cant.     P.  2,420. Chateau  la  Valliere 

is  a  comm.  &  town,  dep.  Indre-et-Loire, 
cap.  cant.    P.  1,239. 

Chateaulin,  a  comm.  &  t,  of  France, 


dep.  Finistere,  cap.  arrond.,  on  the  Aulne. 
P.  1,523. 

Chateaumeillant,  a  comm.  &  t.  of 
France,  dep.  Cher,  cap.   cant.     P.  1,710. 

Chateauneuf,  numerous  comms., 
small  towns,  &  vills.  of  Fance. 

Chateau-Porcien,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Ardennes,  cap.  cant.,  on 
the  Aisne.     P.  2,463.     Manufs.  flannels. 

Chateau-Renard,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,    dep.    Loiret,  cap.   cant.     P. 

1,477. II.  dep.  Bouches,  du  Rhone, 

near  l.b.  of  the  Durance.     P.  4,744. 

Chateau-Renault,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Indre-et-Loire,  cap.  cant., 
on  the  Brenne.  P.  3,079.  Manufs.  of 
coarse  woollens. 

Chateauroux,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  cap.  dep.  Indre,  in  a  plain  on 
the  Indre,  &  at  the  terminus  of  the  rail- 
way from  Orleans,  61  m.  S.E.  Tours.     P. 

12,554. II.  a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  H. 

Alpes,  arrond.  Embrun.     P.  1,772. 

Chateau-Salins,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Meurthe,  cap.  arrond.  P. 
2,521. 

Chateau-Thierry,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Aisne,  on  the  Marne.  P. 
4,147. 

Chateau- Villain,  a  comm.  &  t.  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Marne,  cap.  cant.  P. 1,930. 

Chatelet,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Hainault,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Sambre.  P.  2,971. 
Manufs.  woollen  cloth  &  leather. 

Chatelet  (Le),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Cher.     P.  1,368. 

Chatellerault,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Vienne,  cap.  arrond.,  on 
the  Vienne,  across  which  it  communicates 
with  a  suburb  by  a  stone  bridge.  P. 
9,738.  It  is  one  of  the  princip.  seats  of 
the  manuf.  of  French  cutlery,  the  pro- 
duction of  which  occupies  about  600  fami- 
lies.   • 

Chatel  St.  Denis,  a  vill.  Switzerl. 

Chatel  St.  Denis  sur-Moselle,  a 
comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep.  Epinal,  on 
the  Moselle.     P.  1,255. 

Chatelus,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Creuse,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,438. 

Chatenay,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine. 

Chatenois,  several  com'm.  &  towns  of 

France. 1,  dep.  B.  Rhin.     P.  3,560. 

II.  a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  H.  Rhin.  P. 

1,128. III.    a   comm.    &   town,    dep. 

Vosges,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,593.     Manuf.  of 
lace. 

Chatham,  a  riv.,  port,  naval  arsenal, 
town  of  England,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Medway.  Town  well  paved  &  lighted,  & 
has  many  good  shops ;  but  excepting  its 


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UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


191 


noble  dockyard  &  handsome  military 
suburb  of  Brompton,  it  presents  little 
worthy  of  notice.  The  dockyard,  inferior 
only  to  those  of  Portsmouth  &  Plymouth, 
contains  5  tide-docks,  &,  6  building  slips 
for  vessels  of  the  largest  size ;  with  saw- 
mills, forges,  machinery  works  &  roperies. 

Chatham,  co.,  N.  C,  in  the  central 
part  of  the  state,  contains  858  sq.  m., 
watered  by  Haw  &  Deep  rs.     P.  18,449'. 

Cap.  Pitboro. II.  county,  Ga.,  in  the 

S-E.  part  of  the  state  on  the  Savannah  r. 

P.   23,901.      Cap.  Savannah. III.  t, 

Barnstable  CO.  Mass.,  on  the  S.E.  point  of 
Cape  Cod.    Inhabs.  employed  in  fisheries. 

P.  2,439. IV.  t.,  Middlesex  co.  Conn. 

Watered  by  Salmon  r.  &  Pine  brook.  It 
has  a  valuable  quarry  of  freestone.     P. 

1,525. V    p-t.,    Columbia   co.  N.  Y. 

Watered  by   Kinderhook  cr. VI.  t., 

Medina  co.    0. VII.  p-t.,    Morris  co. 

N.  J.    Watered  by  Passaic  r.     P.  2,138. 

VIII.  t.,  Carroll  co.  N.  H.,  on  the  E. 

side  of  the  White  mountains. IX.  t., 

Tioga  CO.  Pa. X.  a  vill.  of  New  Bruns- 
wick,  CO.  Northumberland,  on   the   riv. 

Miramichi,  near  its  mth. XI.  a  vill. 

Upper  Canada,  W.  dist.,  co.  Kent,  on  the 
Thames. 

Chatham  (Bay),  Florida,  gulf  of 
Mexico,  bounded  by  Capes  Sable  &  St. 
Romans. — (Cape),  W.  Australia,  dists. 
Lanark  &  Stirling. 

Chatham  (Islands),  a  group,  S.  Pa- 
cific, about  380  m.  E.  New  Zealand. 
They  consist  of  Wairikaori  (Chatham), 
Pitt,  &  some  smaller  isls.,  the  first  being 
about  90  m.  in  circumference.  Coasts 
rocky;  surface  undulating  &  often 
marshy ;  products  similar  to  those  of  N. 

Zealand. II.  a  group  in  the  Radack 

chain,  N.  Pacific  ocean.     Lat.  9°  N.,  Ion. 

179°  50'  E. III.  (Island),  off  the  W. 

coast   of  Patagonia- IV.  one  of  the 

Galapagos  isl..  Pacific  ocean.     Excellent 

coal  has  lately  been  discovered  here. 

V.  Chatham  {Porf),  an  inlet  on  the  E. 
coast  of  the  S.  Andaman  isl.,  bay  of  Ben- 
gal.  VI.  {Sound),  Russ.  Amer.,  sepa- 
rates Geo.  III.,  &  Prince  of  Wales  archi- 
pelagoes. 

Chatillon,  numerous  comms.,  towns, 
&  vills.  of  France,  the  principal  of  which 
is  on  the  Seine.  P.  4,611.  It  has  sev. 
good  public  buildings,  with  a  castle  &  a 
park,  long  the  property  of  the  Marmont 
family,  &  in  which,  until  lately,  some 
model  agrie.  &  iron-working  estabs.  ex- 
isted. Manufs.  of  woollen  &  linen  fabrics, 
hats,  leather,  &  paper  goods.  In  Feb. 
1814,  a  conference  was  held  here  between 
Napoleon  &  the  AUiei. 


Chatillon,  a  town  of  the  Sard,  sta., 
prov.  Aosta,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Dora-Baltea. 
P.  2,472. 

Chaton,  a  viU.  of  France,  dep.  Seine- 
et-Oise. 

Chatonnay,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Isere.     P.  3,056. 

Chatke  (La),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Indre,  on  the  Indre.  P. 
4,078. 

Chatsoo,  a  decayed  town  of  British 
India,  presid.  Bengal. 

Chattahoochee,  a  riv.,  rises  in  the 
Appalachian  mntns.,  flows  S.,  forming  a 
considerable  portion  of  the  boundary  be- 
tween Alabama  &  Georgia,  &  after  a 
total  course  of  nearly  400  m.,  joins  Flint 
riv.,  to  form  the  Appalachicola,  40  m. 

N.W.  Tallahassee. II.  p-v.,  Gadsden 

CO.  Florida. 

Chatterpoor,  a  town  of  Hindostan, 
Bundelcund. 

Chattoga,  county,  Ga.,  in  the  N.W. 
part  of  the  state.  P.  6,815.  Cap.  Sum- 
merville. 

Chattra,  a  town  of  N.  Hindostan, 
Nepaul,  with  a  temple  of  Vishnu,  greatly 
resorted  to  by  devotees. 

Chaudes-aigues,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Cantal,  cap.  cant.  P.  1,422. 
It  is  an  old  rustic- looking  town,  in  a  nar- 
row gorge,  with  remarkable  hot  springs, 
varymg  in  tem.  from  98°  to  212°  Fahr. 

Chaudiebe,  a  lake  &  riv.  of  Lower 
Canada ;  the  lake  is  an  enlargement  of 
the  Ottawa  riv. ;  the  river  joins  the  St. 
Lawrence  about  7  m.  above  Quebec, 
after  a  ]lf.N.W.  course  of  90  m.— The 
Falls  of  the  Chaudiere  are  about  2J  m. 
from  the  riv.  mouth. 

Chauffailles,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Saune-et-Loire.  P.  3,570. 
It  has  a  manuf.  of  linens. 

Chaumont,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
cap.  dep.  H.  Marne.  It  has  a  public  li- 
brary of  35,000  vols.,  with  manufs.  of 
coarse  woollens,  druggets,  linen  &  cotton 
yarn,  &   gloves,  &  a  considerable  trade 

in  iron  &  iron-wares.     P.  5,608. II.  a 

comm.  &  town,  dep.  Oise,  cap.  cant.  P. 
1,126. — : — III.  (stir  Loire),  a  comm.  & 

Till.,  dep.  Loir-et-Cher,  on  the  Loire. 

IV.  a  vill.  of  Savoy,_prov.  Carouge.  P. 
1,000. 

Chaumont,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y. 

Chauny,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aisne,  on  an  isl.  in  the  Oise.  P. 
5,404.  It  has  an  active  trade  in  cider, 
linen  cloths,  &  hosiery. 

Chaussey,  a  group  of  bare  &  rocky 
isls.  in  the  Engl,  channel.  They  supply 
excellent  granite. 


192 


CYCLOPJSDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHV, 


[cHE 


Chaussin,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Jura,  cap.  cant ,  near  1.  b.  of  the 
Doubs.     P.  1,328. 

Chauvigny,  a  comm.  &  to\m  of  France, 
dep.  Vienne,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Vienne.  P. 
1,768. 

Chaux-de-Fond  (La),  a  town  of  Swit- 
zerl.,  cant.  Neufchatel.  P.  8,481.  It  is 
situated  at  the  foot  of  a  narrow  &  savage 
gorge  of  the  Jura,  at  an  elev.  of  3,070  fc. 
above  the  sea,  each  cottage  being  sur- 
rounded by  a  garden.  With  Locle,  this 
is  the  chief  seat  of  the  manuf.  of  the  cele- 
brated watches  of  the  canton. 

Chavanges,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aube,  cap.  cant.  P.  1,081. 
-  Chaves,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov. 
Tras-os-Montes,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Tamega. 
P.  0,000.  There  is  here  a  Koman  bridge 
of  18  arches  on  the  riv.  It  has  hot  saline 
springs  (temp.  129°  Fahr.). 

Chaves,  a  marit.  town  of  Brazil,  prov. 
Para,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  isl.  Marajo, 

at   the   mouth   of  the   Amazon. II. 

The  cap.  town  of  the  island  St.  Thomas, 
gulf  of  Guinea.     P.  1,137. 

Chaville,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Seine- 
et-Oise,  on  the  Seine.     P.  1,562. 

Chayanta,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  dep. 
Potosi,  cap.  prov. 

Chayar,  a  t.  of  Chinese  Turkestan,  on 
the  Chayar  riv.,  affl.  of  Erghenr 

Chayenpooe,  a  town  of  iSTepaul. 

Chaylabd  (La),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ardeche,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Dome.     P.  2,353. 

Chazelles-sur-Lyon,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Loire.     P.  1,920. 

Chazy,  a  township,  New  York,  on  Lake 
Champlain,  &  watered  by  Chazy  river, 
which  falls  into  the  lake.     P.  3,584. 

Cheadle,  a  town  of  England,  co.  Staf- 
ford. The  town  is  pleasantly  situated'in 
a  valley.  Coal  &  limestone  abound  in 
the  vicinity.     Copper,  brass,  <&  tin  works. 

Cheaput,  a  small  town  &  important 
military  post,  Seinde. 

Cheat,  riv.,  Va.,  a  branch  of  the  Mo- 
nongahela. 

Chebucto,  two  bays,  Nova  Scotia ;  the 
former  near  Halifax,  the  latter  at  the  E. 
extrem.  of  the  isl.,  opposite  Cape  Breton. 

Chebyn,  a  vill.  of  Lower  Egypt,  prov. 
Menouf,  with  a  gov.  school,  &  a  cotton 
factory. 

Checa,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Guada- 
laxara.     P.  1,201. 

Checing,  a  town  of  Poland,  on  the 
Czarna.  P.  3,000.  There  are  quarries 
of  fine  marble  in  its  vicinity. 

Checo,  a  vill.  of  Chile,  dep.  Coquimbo, 
with  some  rich  copper  mines. 


Cheduba,  an  isl..  Further  India,  Brit, 
prov.  Aracan,  in  the  bay  of  Bengal.  Area, 
300  sq.  m.     P.  5,000. 

Ckee-choo,'  a  city  of  China,  prov. 
Ngan-Holi,  cap.dep.,  near  the  Yang-tze- 
Kiang. 

Chbera,  a  city  of  Chinese  Turkestan. 
Cheerun,  a  town  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid.  Bengal,  dist.  Sarun,  on  the  Ganges. 
Chef  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Isere.     P.  3,411. 

Chef-Boutonne,  a  comm.  &  town  of 

France,  dep.  Deux- Sevres,  cap.  cant.     P. 

1,372.     It  has  manufactures  of  druggets. 

Chehl,  a  lofty  mountain,  Beloochistan, 

immediately  S.  Moostung. 

Che-kiang,  a  maritime  prov.  of  China. 
P.  26,256,784.  Surface  greatly  diversified, 
&  the  prov.  is  traversed  by  the  Great 
canal.  Coasts  abrupt  &  greatly  indented. 
It  is  one  of  the  most  fertile  &  commercial 
provs.  of  China.  Silk  is  the  principal 
article  of  export :  other  products  are  tea 
in  the  S.,  cotton,  indigo,  fruits,  caniphoi', 
&  coal.  Its  manufs.  silk,  crape,  gold  & 
silver  stuffs,  &  paper.  Che-kiang,  com- 
prising the  Chusan  isls.,  is  subdivided  into 
11  deps. 

Chelek,  a  vill.  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pasb. 
Diarbekir.  sanj.  Sert,  with  from  400  to 
500  houses  of  Koords  "&  Jacobite  Chris- 
tians, &  a  strong  rock  fortress. 

Chehcut,  a  town  of  Abyssinia,  king- 
dom of  Tigre.       '  — 

Chelindrejm,  a  small  seaport  town  of 
Asia-Minor,  pash.  Ilshil. 

Chelles,  a  comm-.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine- et-Marne,  near  rt.  b.  of  the 
Marne.     P.  1,632. 

Chellumbeum,  a  tovm  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras,  dist.  near  mouth  of  Cole- 
roon  riv. 

Chelm,  a  town  of  Poland,  gov.  Lublin. 
P.  2,900.  It  has  a  fine  convent  &  a  Greek 
seminary.  The  Poles  were  defeated  hero 
by  the  Russians.  June  4,  1794. 

Chelmer,  a  riv.  of  England,  co.  Essex. 

Chelmsford,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.  Mass., 

on  the  S.  side  of  the  Mcrrimac.     Some 

mauufs.  of  gLass  &  iron.    P.  1,997. II. 

a  market  town  of  England,  cap.  co.  Essex, 
at  the  confluence  of  the  Qhelmer  k  Cann 
rivers. 

Chelona,  a  mntn.  on  the  N.  frontier 
of  Greece,  the  most  conspicuous  of  those 
encircling  the  gulf  of  Arta  on  the  B., 
6,312  feet  in  elevation. 

Chelsea,  a  pa.  of  England,  co.  Middle- 
sex, forming  a  populous  S.W.  suburb  of 
London,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Thames. 

P.  40,179. II.  t.,  cap.  Orange  co.  Vt., 

watered  by  a  branch  of  White  river.    P. 


^ 


Cllli] 


UKIVERSAL    GA^ZETTEER. 


193 


1,938. III.  p-t.,    Suffolk    CO.    Mass. 

Coiisid.  manufs.     P.  6,701. 

Cheltenham,  a  town  &  fiishionable 
watering-place  of  England,  co.  Gloucester. 
It  is  situated  on  the  Chelt,  a  small  tribu- 
tary of  the  Severn,  in  a  beautiful  vale, 
sheltered  from  the  N.  &  E.  by  a  semi- 
circular sweep  of  the  Cotswold  &  other 
hills.  The  saline  springs  to  which  it  owes 
its  rapid  increase,  are  frequented  by,  a 
Lost  of  fashionable  visitors  annually.  The 
mineral  ingredients  of  the  springs  are 
chiefly  the  sulphates  of  soda  &  magnesia, 
iodine,  &  iron,  held  in  solution  by  car- 
bonic acid. 

Cheltenham,  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 

Chelva,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Valen- 
cia, on  river  of  same  name.     P.  4,264. 

Chely  (St.),  a  CO  mm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Lozere,  cap.  cant.  Mende.    P.  1,651. 

II.  (d'Aubrac),  dep.  Aveyron,    cap. 

cant.  Rodez.     P.  1,500. 

Chemille,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Maine-et-Loire,  cap.  cant.  Angers. 

P.   1,827. II.  a   comm.  &  vill.,  dep. 

Indre-et-Loire.     P.  1,314. 

Chemnitz,  a  town  of  Saxony  ciro. 
Zwickau,  cap.  dist.,  on  the  Chemnitz  riv. 
P.  28,650.  It  is  th«  principal  seat  of 
cotton-weaving  in  the  kingdom. 

Chemung,  riv.,  N.  Y.,  is  formed  by  the 
junction  of  Conhopton  &  Tioga  rivs.,  in 
Steuben  co.  X.  Y.,  a  branch  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna; affords  good  mill  seats;  the 
main  feeder  of  Chemung  canal. 

Chemung,  county,  N.  Y.  in  the  S.  part 
of  the  state.  Surface  broken,  watered  by 
Chemung  riv.  &  several  crs.     P.  28,821. 

Cap.  Elmira.- II.  town,  Chemung  co. 

N.  Y.     P.  2,377. 

Chenango,  riv.,  "N.  Y.,  branch  of  the 

Susquehanna,  75  m.  long.- II.  county, 

N.  Y.,  near  the  centre  of  the  state.  Area, 
800  sq.  m.,  watered  by  Chenango  &  Una- 
dilla  rivs.,  &  by  several  crs.     P.  40,311. 

III.  Broome  co.  N.  Y.,  watered  by 

Chenango  &  Susquehanna  rivs.     2  acads. 

P.  5,465. IV.  p-t.,  Beaver  co.  Penn. 

P.  1,535. 

Chenaub,  the  centr.  riv.  of  the  Punjab, 
betw.  the  Jailum  &  the  Ravee,  both  of 
which  rivers  are  its  affluents.  Len.  700  m. 

Chene-Thonex,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  &  2  m.  E.  Geneva.     P.  2,076. 

Chenerailles,  a  comm.  -&  town  of 
France,  dep.  Creuse.     P.  1,028. 

Chenit  (Le),  a  prov.  &  vill.  of  Switz- 
erland, cant.  Vaud,  on  the  Orbe.  P.  2,030. 

Chenonceaux,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Indre-et-Loire,  on  the  Cher. 

Cheonoquet,  county,  Mich.,  in  the  JST. 
part  of  the  S.-ern  peninsula;  unorganized. 
9 


Cheo-po,  a  seaport  town  of  China, 
prov.  Fokien,  opp.  Formosa,  to  which  isl. 
it  exports  sugar,  rice,  &  camphor. 

Chepillo,  an  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean, 
in  the  bay  &  off  the  S.  coast  of  the  isthmus 
Panama. 

Chepo,  a  riv.  &  town  of  S.  Amer.,  N. 
Granada,  dep.  Panama,  &  in  the  narrow- 
est part  of  the  isthmus.  The  riv.  enters 
the  Pacific,  18  m.  E.  Panama. 

Chepstow,  a  market  town,  riv.  &  port 
of  England,  co.  Monmouth,  on  the  Wye, 
near  its  junction  with  the  Severn. 

Cher,  a  riv.  of  cent.  France,  a  br.  of 

the  Loire  ;   195  m.  long. II.  a  central 

dep.  of  France,  cap.  Bonrges.  Area,  2,853 
sq.  m.  P.  294,500.  Climate  temperate. 
Surface  mostly  level,  &  generally  wooded; 
principal  rivs.  the  Cher  &  Loire,  along 
both  of  which  is  much  fertile  land.  Mines 
of  iron  &  coal  are  wrought.  Chf.  manufs. 
woollen  goods. 

Cherasco,  a  town  of  the  Sard,  states, 
Piedmont,  div.  Coni,  on  the  Tanaro.  P. 
8,893. 

Cheraw,  Chesterfield  dist.,  S.  C.,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Great  Pedee  riv.  1 
male  &  1  female  acad.  Consid.  trade  in 
cotton.     P.  1,050. 

Cherbourg,  a  comm  &  fortfd.  seaport 
town  of  France,  dep.  Manehe,  on  the 
English  channel.  P.  22,460.  Its  climate 
is  remarkably  mild.  Houses  of  stone,  & 
slated ;  principal  buildings  the  military 
&  naval  arsenals.  Its  naval  docks  are 
cut  out  of  solid  rock  ;  &  it  has  a  commerc. 
harbor,  lined  with  stone  quays.  Its  road- 
stead is  now  one  of  the  best  in  the  chan- 
nel, being  sheltered  by  a  digue  or  break- 
water, 411  yards  in  length.     P.  6,673. 

Cherchell,  a  seaport  town  of  N.  Africa, 
Algeria,  prov.  Algiers.     P.  1,091. 

Cheribon,  a  seaport  town,  Java,  on  its 
N.  coast.  P.  11,000.  It  is  the  residence 
of  a  Dutch  governor. 

Cherokee,  county,  N.  C,  in  the  N.W. 
corner  of  the  state.  Area,  1,000  sq.  m. 
On  the  streams,  the  land  is  excellent, 
producing  Indian  'Corn,  wheat,  rye,  oats, 
&  potatoes  abundantly.  White,  blue,  & 
flesh-colored  marble  is  found ;  also  iron 
ore,  with  some  gold,  silver,  &  lead.  Dis- 
tilleries &  grist  mills.     P.  6,838. II. 

county,  Ga.,  in  the  N.  part  of  the  state  ; 
drained  by  Etowah  riv.  Staple  products 
cotton  &  tobacco.  Distilleries,  smelting 
hos.,  &  potteries.  P.  12,800.  Cap.  Can- 
ton.  IIL  county,  Texas.  P.  6,673. 

IV.  county,  Ala.,  in  the  N.E .  part  of  state. 

Staple  prod,  tobacco  &  cotton.    Tanneries 

&  distilleries.    P.  13,884.  Cap.  Jefferson. 

Cheronea,  a  ruined  city  of  Greece, 


194 


CVCLOP^EDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY'. 


[CHE 


gov.  Boeotia,  Lebadea,  celeb,  for  the  vic- 
tory of  Philip  over  the  Athenians,  338 
B.C.,  &  for  that  of  Sylla  over  the  general 
of  Mithridates,  86  B.C. 

Cherrapoonjee,  a  British  station  & 
vill.  of  Further  India,  in  the  Cossjah 
hills,  Dacca,  from  4,200  to  4,500  ft.  above 
the  sea. 

Cherry,  t.,  Butler  co.  Penn. 

Cherry  Creek,  t.  Chautauque  eo.  N. 
Y.     Drained  by  several  crs.    P.  1,300. 

Cherryfield,  t..  Washington  co.  Me., 
at  the  head  waters  of  Narraguagus. 

Cherry  Grove,  v.,  St.  Clair  co.  111. 

Cherry  Tree,  p-t.,  Venango  co.  Pa. 

Cherry  Valley,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.  N.Y. 
Drained  by  several  crs.  It  has  extensive 
water  power.  1  acad. ;  1  newsp.  P.  4,186. 
II.  p-t.,  Ashtabula  co.  0.     P.  1027. 

Cherso,  an  isl.  of  lUyria,  gov.  Trieste, 
in  the  gulf  of  Quarnero,  Adriatic.  Area, 
lOSsq.m.     P.  14,000. 

Cherson,  a  gov.  &  town  of  Russia. 

Chersonesus,  the  anc.  name  of  sevl. 
peninsulas  of  Europe. 

Cherta,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Tarra- 
gona.    P.  2,433. 

Chertsey,  a  mkt.  town  of  England,  co. 
Surrey,  on  the  Thames. 

Chesapeake  Bay,  the  largest  bay  in 
the  states  of  Virginia  &  Maryland,  which 
latter  state  it  divides  into  two  parts.  It 
is  about  200  m.  in  length,  from  7  to  ^0  m. 
in  breadth,  &  generally  about  9  fathoms 
in  depth.  The  Susquehanna,  Potomac. 
Rappahannock,  Chester,  &  James'  rivers, 
flow  into  this  bay,  which  has  many  good 
harbors. 

Che  SHAM,  a  mkt.  town  of  England,  co. 
Bucks.     P.  5,593. 

Cheshire,  a  maritime  county  of 
England,  having  N.  the  Irish  sea  &  the 
estuary  of  the  Mersey.  P.  423,438.  The 
surface,  except  on  its  extreme  E.  &  W. 
borders,  is  remarkably  level,  well  wooded, 
&  studded  with  small  lakes  or  meres. 
Principal  rivers,  the  Dee,  Merse^^,  & 
Weever.  Soil  chiefly  a  clayey  or  sandy 
loam.  Climate  moist.  -This  is  one  pf  the 
principal  dairy  &  grazing  districts  in 
England.  The  stock  of  milch  cows  of  va- 
rious breeds  is  estim.  at  nearly  100,000, 
yielding  1,250  tons  of  cheese.  Near 
Nantwich  are  apparently  inexhaustible 
mines  of  rock  salt  &  saline  springs ; 
other  chief  mineral  products  are  coal, 
copper,  &  lead.  Manufs.  of  cottons  & 
silks  are  extensive  at  Macclesfield,  Stock- 
port, &c. 

Cheshire,  county,  N.  11.,  on  Connecti- 
cut river.  Grand  Monadnook  mountain, 
3,000  feet  high,  lies  in  this  co.    A  good 


grazing  &  farming  co.  Manufs.  of  wool- 
lens, cotton  goods,  leather,  glass  &  paper.' 
Two  newsp.;  3  periodicals,  &   11  acads. 

P.    30,144.      Cap.    Keene. II.    p-t., 

Berkshire  co.  Mass.  Watered  by  Hoo- 
sack  riv.  Celeb,  for  its  cheese.  P.  985. 
III.  p-t..  New  Haven  co.  Conn.  Water- 
ed by  Quinnipiac  r.  Tanneries,  distille- 
ries, &  powder  mills.  1  acad.  P.  1,529. 
-IV.  p-t.,  Gallia  co.,  0. 

Chesil  Bank,  a  sand  &  gravel  shoal 
in  the  English  channel,  which  connects 
the  isl.  Portland  with  the  mainland. 

Chesnut  Hill,  a  township,  Pennsyl- 
vania, Munroe  co.     P.  1,318.     . 

Chester,  an  episcopal  city,  co.  of  it- 
self, &  river  port  of  England,  cap.  co.,  on 
the  Dee.  P.  22,951.  It  stands  on  a 
rocky  elevation,  in  great  part  enclosed 
by  anc.  &  massive  walls,  which  form  an 
oblong  quadrangle.  The  cathedral  is  an 
irregular  massive  structure,  with  a  tow6r 
127  feet  in  height ;  it  has  many  fine 
monuments,  with  a  handsome  chapter- 
house, &  adjacent  to  it  are  the  remains 
of  an  ancient  abbey,  partly  used  for  the 
grammar  school.  The  bishop's  palace  & 
prebendal  college  occupy  other  portions 
of  the  abbey-precinct. 

Chester,  county.  Pa.,  in  the  S.E.  part 
of  the  state.  Highly  cultivated.  Drained 
by  several  crs.  Staple  product,  wheat, 
Indian  corn  &  oats.  Many  cattle,  sheep 
&  swine,  are  reared.  Manufs.  of  iron, 
woollens,  cotton  goods,  leather,  earthen- 
ware, &  paper.  20  oil  mills,  115  grist  ms. 
&  150  saw  ms.  13  acad.  &  4  newsp.  P. 
66,438.  Cap.  Westchester. II.  dis- 
trict, S.  C.  in  the  north  part  of  the  state, 
between  Catawba  &  Broad  rivs.  Staple 
prod,  cotton.    Inconsid.  manufs.    2  acad. 

P.  18,033.     Cap.Chesterville. III.  t., 

Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.  A  pond  of  1,500 
acres  in  centre  of  the  town.    1  acad.     P. 

1,301. IV.  t.,  Penobseot-co.  Me. 

V,  t.,  Windsor  co.  Vt.     It  has  2  pleasant 

vill'gs.    P.  2,001. VI.  p-t.,  Mich. 

VII. -t.,  Hampden  CO.  Mass.  Adapted  to 
grazing.     Some   manufs.     P.  1,521. 

VIII.  t.,  Middlesex  co.  Cona.  Great  wa- 
ter power  &  some  manufs.     P.  974. 

IX.  t.,  Warren  co.  N.  Y.  Watered  by 
Hudson  riv.  P.  2,033. X.  p-t.,  Mor- 
ris CO.  N.  J.     Drained  by  Black  riv.     10 

distilleries.     P.  1,321. XI.  p-v.,  cap. 

of  Del.  CO.  Pa.     The  usual  co.  buildings. 

1  newsp.     P.    1,790. XII.  t.,  Wavne 

CO.  Pa.,  on  Del.  riv.     P.  1,993. Xtll. 

t.,  Wabash  co.  la.    P.  536. XIV.  c.  h. 

p-v.,  cap.  of  Chester,  dist.  S.  C,  on  the 
ridge  between  Broad  &  Wateree  rs.  The 
usual  00.  buildings. — — XV,  p-t.,   Meigs 


CHl] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


195 


CO.  0.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Ohio.  P.  1,598. 
XVI.  t.,  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  Drain- 
ed by  several  crs.     A  good  farming  town. 

P.  2,603. XVII.  t.,  Knox  co.  0.    Some 

water  power.     P.    1,295. XVIII.   t., 

Clinton  co.  0.,  on  a  br.  of  Little    Miami. 

P.    1,784. XIX.  town,  Geauga  co.  0. 

Adapted  to  grazing.     P.  962. 

Chesterfield,  a  town  &,  township  of 
Engl.,  CO.  Derby,  on  the  Rother,  &  a  canal 
connecting  it  with  the  Trent.  It  is  irreg- 
ularly built;  principal  edifices,  a  cruci- 
form church  of  the  13th  century,  with  a 
remarkably  twisted  spire  230  feet  high. 
It  has  mauufs.  of  cotton,  silks,  lace,  hos- 
iery, worsted,  earthenware,  &  machinery ; 
&  in   its  vicinity  are  iron,   coal,  &  lead 

mines. II.  county,  Va.,  betw.  James 

&  Appomattox  rivs.  Staple  prod,  tobacco. 
Some  manufs.  of  cotton.    P.  17,489.    Cap. 

Chesterfield  c.  h. III.  district,  S.  C, 

in  the  N.E.  part  of  the  state,  between 
Great  Peeks  riv.  &  Lynch  er.  Not  a  pro- 
ductive dist.  Staple,  cotton ;  45  grist 
mills;  2newsp.  P.  10,790.  Cap.  Ches- 
terfield  c.  H. IV.   p-t.,   Cheshire  co. 

N.  H.,  on  Connecticut  riv.  It  contains  a 
beautiful  lake  of  526  acres.     1  acad.    P. 

1,765. V.  p-t.,  Hampshire  co.  Mass. ; 

rough  but  productive.     Many  sheep  are 

kept  here.     1  acad.    P.  1,132. VI.  t., 

Burlington  co.  N.  J. ;  drained  by  several 
crs.     It  contains  the  village  of  Borden- 

town.    Some  manufs.    P.  3,438. VII. 

t.,  Essex  CO.  N.  Y.,  with  Lake  Champlain 
on  the  E.   Forges,  woollen  facs.,  &  fulling 

mills;     2   newsps.     P.   2,716. VIII. 

cap.  Chesterfield  co.  Va.  The  usual 
county  buildings. IX.  p-v.,  cap.  Ches- 
terfield dist.  S.  C.  The  usual  county 
buildings. 

Chester-le-Street,  a  vill.  of  Engl. 
P.  16,359. 

Chester  Town,  p-v.,  seaport,  &  cap. 
Kent  CO.  Md.,  on  Chester  riv.,  30  m.  above 
its  entrance  into  Chesapeake  bay.  The 
usual  county  buildings.  Washington  col- 
lege is  here.     P.  1,000. 

Chesterville,  p-t.  Franklin  co.,  Me. ; 
watered  by  Wilson's  stream.     P.  1,200. 

Chesuncook,  lake.  Me. 

Chetimatches,  lake.  La.,  between 
Atchafalaya  &  the  Teche  r.  It  is  40  m. 
long,  &  from  1  to  6  broad. 

Chetwa,  a  maritime  town  of  British 
India,  presid.  Bombay,  dist.  Malabar. 

Cheux,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Calvados,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Mue.  P. 
1,009. 

Chevilly,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France. 
dep.  Loiret,  on  the  Paris  &  Orleans  railw. 
P.  1,281. 


Cheviot  Hills,  a  mountain  range  ex- 
tending from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  betw.  England 
&  Scotland.  Cheviot  peak  is  2,684  ft.,  & 
Carter  Fell  2,020  ft.  in  elev. 

Chevreuse,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  cap.  cant.,  on  the 
Yvette.     P.  1,507. 

Cheychun,  a  town  of  Scinde,  on  the 
Indus. 

Chezy  L'ABBAYE,"acomm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Aisne.     P.  1,216. 

Chiampo,  a  vill.,  N.  Italy,  gov.  Venice. 
P.  3,000. 

Chiana,  two  small  rivers  of  Central 
Italy,  Tuscany,  &  the  Pontif.  sta. 

Chianciano,  a  vill.  of  Tuscany,  prov. 
Arezzo.  It  is  one  of  the  most  favorite 
watering-places  in  Centr.  Italy.  P.  2,166. 
Chiapa,  or  Chiapas,  the  most  S.  state 
of  the  Mexican  confed.  Area,  18,750  sq. 
m.  P.  92,000,  chiefly  Indians.  It  com- 
prises a  portion  of  the  table-land  of 
Centr.  America,  traversed  by  the  rivs. 
Usumasinta,  Tabasco,  &  their  aifluents. 
European  grains  are  raised  on  the  up- 
lands ;  the  valleys  yield  maize,  hemp, 
tobacco,  sugar,  &c.  Principal  towns, 
Ciudad  de  las  Casas,  the  cap.  Chiapa,  & 
Palenque. 

Chiapa  de  los  Indios,  a  town  qf 
Mexican  confederation,  state  Chiapa,  on 
the  Tabasco. 

Chiaramonte,  a  town  ef  Sicily,  co. 
Modica.  P.  7,000. II.  a  vill.  of  Sar- 
dinia.    P.  1,505. 

Chiaravallb,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Calab.  Ult  II.,  cap.  cant.,  near  the  gulf 
of  Squillace.     P.  2,500. 

Chiaeenza,  or  Clarentza,  a  cape  & 
vill.  of  Greece. 

Chiari,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  deleg.  W. 
Brescia,  on  railw.  from  Milan  to  Brescia. 
P.  8,903.  It  has  numerous  churches,  & 
flourishing  manufs.  of  silk  fabrics  &  twist. 
Here  Prince  Eug-ene  gained  a  victory 
over  Marechal  Villeroi,  1st  Sept.  1701. 

Chiahomonte;  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Basilicata,  cap.  cant.,  on  a  mntn.,  with 

2,620  inhabs. II.   a  market  town  of 

Sicily.     P.  3,600. 

Chiavahi,  a  marit.  town,  Sard,  sta., 
cap.  prov.,  on  the  gulf  of  Rapallo,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Sturla.  P.  1-0,619.  It  is 
enclosed  by  cultivated  hills,  &  is  well 
built  &  flourishing.  Streets  narrow,  & 
bordered  with  arcades. 

Chiavenna,  a  town  of  Lombardy, 
Valtellina,  on  the  Maira,  20  m.  W.N.W. 
Sondrio.  P.  3,539.  It  is  enclosed  by 
walls,  &  well  built.  Manufs.  of  silk  twist 
&  fabrics,  &  of  pottery  made  from  a  pe- 
culiar stone,  are  carried  on. 


196 


CYCLOPAEDIA    0¥    GEOGRATHY. 


[CHI 


Ghica-Balapoor,  a  town  of  India, 
Deccan,  Mysore  dom. 

Chicacole,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras,  on  N.  bank  of  Cliicacole 
riv.,  near  the  bay  of  Bengal.  It  is  large, 
irregularly  built,  has  some  neat  barracks, 
several  bazaars,  many  mosques,  &  its 
muslin  manufs.  have  long  enjoyed  repute. 

Chicago,  riv.,  forming  harbor  of  Chi- 
cago, is  composed  of  2  branches — the  one 

40  m.  long,  &  the  other  6. II.  city,  & 

cap.  Cook  CO.  111.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  at 
the  mouth  of  Chicago  riv.  The  riv.  here 
is  from  50  to  75  yds.  wide,  &  from  15  to 
25  ft.  deep  ;  though  the  bar  at  the  mouth 
has  only  about  3  ft.  of  water.  An  arti- 
ficial harbor,  however,  has  been  made  by 
.  the  construction  of  piers.  Chicago  is 
very  flourishing.  Its  gro^wth  has  been 
most  rapid.  Its  navigation  interest  is 
extensive.  Tonnage  23,103  45.  Numer- 
ous steamboats  &  vessels  ply  between  this 
place  &  Buffalo,  &  the  various  interme- 
diate places  on  the  upper  lakes.  Back 
of  the  city  is  a  very  larg^  &  fertile  prai- 
•  rie.  A  canal  60  ft.  wide  at  top,  &  6  ft. 
deep,  &  105  m.  in  length,  connects  this 
place  with  Illinois  riv.  Chicago  has  a 
.  flourishing  trade.  In  1848  its  exports 
amounted  to  $10,709,333  ;  imports, 
$8,562,639.    P.  (in  1850)  29,963. 

Chicamogloor,  two  towns  of  India, 
Mysore  dom.,  Seringapatam. 

Chichacotta,  a  town  of  Bootan,  near 
the  Brit,  frontier. 

Chicken,  a  vill.,  S.  Amer.,  Yucatan, 
comprising  a  vast  ruined  temple,  450  ft. 
in  length,  a  pyramid  550  ft.  sq.  at  base. 

Chicheeowly,  a  town  of  N.  Hindostan, 
Gurwal. 

Chichester,  a  city,  co.  of  itself,  of 
England,  cap.  co.  Sussex.  Area  of  city 
liberty,  1,680  ao.  P.  8,512.  It  stands  in 
a  plain  between  the  Southdown  hills  & 
the  sea.  It  is  neatly  built,  clean,  well 
paved,  drained,  &  lighted,  &  intersected 
by  4  principal  thoroughfares,  directed 
towards  the  cardinal  points,  &  meeting  in 
the  centre  of  the  city,  where  there  is  an 
elegant  octagonal  cross,  erected  in  1478. 
II.  t.,  Merrimac  co.  N.  H.    P.  1,028. 

Chickacnauga,  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
Ga.,  a  branch  of  the  Tennessee. 

Chickahominy,  riv.,  Va.,  a  branch  of 
James  riv.,  60  m.  long. 

Chickapee,  r.,  a  branch  of  the  Con- 
necticut. 

Chickapee  Falls,  a  flourishing  man- 
ufac.  village,  Hampden  co.  Mass. 

Chickasaw,  county,  Miss.,  toward  the 
N.  part  of  the  state,  contains  970  sq.  m., 
watered  by  Yalla  Busha.     Cap.  Hous- 


ton. A  planting  county.  Staple  corn- 
mod,  cotton.     P.  16,366^. 

Chickooey,  a  considerable  town  of 
Hindostan,  dom.  Sattarah.  Situated 
amid  an  amphitheatre  of  hills. 

Chicktawaga,  t.,  Erie  co.  N.  Y., 
watered  by  head  branches  of  Buffalo  cr. 
It  contains  an  Indian  reservation  belong- 
ing to  the  Seneca  tribe.     P.  3,042. 

Chiclana,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  &  12 
m.  S.E.  Cadiz.  P.  7,144.  It  has  numer- 
ous country-houses  of  inhabs.  of  Cadiz,  & 
near  it  a  ruined  Moorish  castle. 

Chiclayo,  a  town  of  N.  Peru,  dep. 
Truxillo,  prov.  Lambayeque. 

Chicot,  co.,  Ark.,  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
the  state,  contains  1,800  sq.  m.  Drained 
by  several  rs.  Surface  level.  Cap.  Co- 
lumbus. Staple  commod.  cotton.  P. 
5,115. 

Chicova,  a  town  of  S.E.  Africa,  Mono- 
motapa,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Zambezi.  It  was 
formerly  celebrated  for  its  silver  mines. 

Chiem-see,  a  lake  of  Upper  Bavaria, 
42  m.  S.E.  Munich,  celebrated  for  its 
fish.  Length  12  m.,  breadth  9  m.,  height 
above  the  sea  1,549  ft.,  greatest  depth 
480  ft.     It  has  3  small  isls. 

Chienti,  a  riv.,  cent.  Italy,  Poritif  sta. 
P.  1,680. 

Chieri,  a  town  of  Sard,  states.  Pied- 
mont, cap.  mand.,  op  a  hUl,  prov.  Turin. 
P.  13,272.  It  has  manufs.  of  silk,  cot- 
ton, &  linen  fabrics.  It  is  one  of  the 
most  ancient  manufacturing  towns,  of 
Europe. 

Chiers,  a  riv.  of  Europe,  rises  N.W. 
Esch  in  Luxemburg,  &  flows  through  the 
French  deps.  Meuse,  Ardennes,  &  joins 
the  Meuse,  4  m.  S.  Sedan,  after  a  W. 
course  of  50  miles. 

Chiesa,  a  riv.  of  the  Tyrol  &  N,  Italy, 
rises  W.  of  Arco  in  the  Tyrol,  flows  S., 
forming  the  lake  of  Idro,  &  joins  the 
Oglio,  18  m.  W.  Mantua.  Length  75  m. 
Asola,  Coudino,  &  Montechiaro  are  on  its 
banks. 

Chieti,  an  archiepiscopal  city  of  Naples, 
cap.  prov.  Abruzzo  Cit.,  on  a  hill,  near 
the  Pescara.  P.  12,700.  It  is  badly  laid 
out,  but  has  some  good  edifices,  compris- 
ing a  cathedral,  college,  &  handsome 
theatre ;  the  adjacent  country  is  pleas- 
ant. 

Chievbes,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov. 
HainJlult.     P.  3,107. 

Chiftlik,  a  vill.  of  Turkish  Armenia. 

Chignecto  Bay,  an  inlet  of  British 
N.  Amer.,  between  Nova  Scotia  &  New 
Brunswick,  forming  the  N.  extremity  of 
the  bay  of  Fundy.  Length  30  m.,  av. 
breadth  8  va. 


OHi] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


107 


Chignolo.  a  town  of  Lombardy.  P. 
3,992. 

Chihuahua  (pron.  Chiwawa),  a  state, 
Mexic.  confed.,  having  E.  a  desert,  &  the 
Rio  Bravo  del  Norte  dividing  it  from 
Texas.  Area  107,500  sq.  m.,  &  p.  190,- 
000.  It  is  a  mntn.  table-land,  mostly  in- 
fertile, but  abounding  in  nitre  &  other 
salts,  &  rich  in  mines  of  gold  &  silver. 
Chief  towns,  Chihuahua  &  San  Jose  del 
Parral. —  Chihuhhua,  the  cap.'  of  above 
state,  in  an  arid  plain.  P.  12,000,  is  of 
great  extent  &  well  built,  but  declining. 
It  is  the  chief  mart  for  the  trade  between 
Santa  Fe  &  the  U.  States.  Near  it  are 
many  rich  but  unwrought  mines,  &  ex- 
tens,  cattle-farms. 

Chilapa,  a  t.  of  Mexico,  58  m.  N.E. 
Acapulco. 

Chilapa,  &  Chilapilla,  two  rivers, 
Mexican  confed.,  dep.  Tabasco,  &  tribu- 
tary to  the  river  Tabasco. 

Chilaw,  a  marit.  town  of  Ceylon,  on 
its  W.  coast.  Opposite  to  it  a  pearl- 
fishery  is  carried  on. 

Chilca,  a  seaport  of  Peru,  dep.  Lima, 
on  the  Pacific,  near  which  is  a  vill.  of 
same  name. 

Chilecito,  a  vill.,  Plata  confed.,  dep. 
Bioja,  in  the  Famatina  valley,  &  the 
head-quarters  of  its  mining  dist. 

Chile,-  or  Chili,  a  repub.  state,  S. 
Amer.,  situated  along  the  W.  shore  of 
that  continent,  bounded  by  the  Andes  on 
the  E.,  &  Pacific  oc.  on  the  W.  Length 
from  N.  to  S.,  including  isl.  of  Chiloe, 
1,240  m.;  breadth  from  100  to  200  m.' 
The  boundary  line  separating  it  on  the 
N.  from  Bolivia  is  near  Huesco  Parado, 
its  southern  limit  on  the  mainland  is  the 
bay  of  Ancud.  The  mountain  slopes  of 
the  Andes  form  the  greater  part  of  Chile. 
They  are  here  a  single  range  except  at 
two  places,  where  they  separate.  &  en- 
close the  elevated  valleys  of  Tunyan  & 
Uzpallata.  The  volcanic  peak  of  Acon- 
cagua rises  to  an  elev.  of  23,200  ft.,  that 
of  Maypu  to  15,000  feet.  There  are 
several  passes  across  the  Chilean  range, 
one  in  Aconcagua  at  an  elev:  of  14,000 
ft.;  at  Portello,  14.365;  and  at  Tunyan 
&  Cumbre,  13.210  ft.  North  of  the  Rio 
Chuapa  the  whole  country  is  formed  by 
the  declivity  of  the  Andes,  except  a  nar- 
row belt  of  plain  60  to  80  ft.  in  elev., 
bordering  the  sea.  In  some  of  the  val- 
leys, as  Copiapo,  years  pass  over  without 
rain  falling,  but  dews  are  frequent.  The 
I'ivs.  N.  of  the  Maypu  bring  down  to  the 
coast  little  water.  None  are  navigable. 
The  Maule  is  navigable  for  vessels  draw- 
ing 7  ft.  water,  &  for  barges  for  about  20 


m.  The  Biobio.  the  largest  riv.  in  the 
country,  has  a  course  of  200  m.,  &  is  2  m. 
wide  at  its  mouth,  navigable  for  boats 
for  200  m.  The  Calaealla  riv.  admits 
vessels  of  considerable  size.  There  are 
several  good  harbors,  such  as  those  of 
Valdivia,  Concepcion,  Valparaiso,  &  Co- 
quimbo.  The  tracts  through  the  valley 
&  ravines  are  only  passable  by  mules. 
The  vegetation  of  the  north  of  Chile  is 
very  limited.  Tropical  plants  do  not 
grow  from  the  extreme  dryness  of  the 
soil.  Farther  south  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
barley,  oats,  beans,  &  hemp,  are  exten- 
sively cultivated.  This  is  the  native 
country  of  the  potato.  It  is  found  grow- 
ing in  the  arid  mntns.  of  Central  Chile  as 
well  as  in  the  moist  temp,  of  Chonos  & 
Chiloe  isles.  Among  the  animals  of  prey 
the  puma  is  the  most  conspicuous.  The 
guanacoe  &  llama  abound  in  the  plains 
of  the  S.  provinces,  &  the  pastures  feed 
large  herds  of  cattle,  horses.  Jerked 
beef,  tallow,  hides,  &  live  stock  are  ex- 
ported. Gold  is  found  in  the  sands  of  the 
rivs.,  &  was  formerly,  though  not  now, 
collected.  Silver  mines  exist  in  the  S. 
Andes,  but  silver  &  copper  mines  are 
chiefly  wrought  in  the  more  N.  parts, 
lead  &  iron,  are  found,  but  are  not 
wrought.  The  Pop.  consists  of  the  de- 
scendants of  the  Spaniards  &  the  abo- 
riginal tribes.  All  the  inhabitants  of 
the  Biobio  are  of  European  descent, 
with  scarcely  any  mixture  of  Indian 
blood.  The  aborigines  inhabit  almost 
e.x:clusively  the  country  south  of  this 
river.  The  present  pop.  is  considered  to 
exceed  1,400,000.  Chile  is  divided  into 
9  provinces. 


Province. 


Area  in 
sq.  m. 
48,000 
14,000 
12.000 
15,000 
12,000 
i8,000 
40,000 
11,000 


Coquimbo, 

Aconcagua, 

Santiago, 

Colchagua, 

Maule, 

Concepcion, 

Valdivia, 

Chiloe, 

Araucania,  (organized  1852.) 


Chief  Town  & 
Population. 
Coquimbo,  8,000 
Quillota,    10,000 
Santiago,  60.000 
San  Fernando 
Villa  de  Cauquenes 
Concepcion 
Valdivia,  2,000 
San  Carlos,  4,000 


The  exports  from  Chili  in  1851  amount- 
ed to  $9,666,354;  imports  $11,788,193. 
Chili  is  the  best  governed  &  the  most 
prosperous  of  the  S.  American  republics. 

Chili,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  Drained 
by  a  br.  of  Genesee  r.     P.  2,274. 

Chil-li,  the  most  N.  prov.  of  China, 
having  N.  Mongolia,  E.  the  gulf  of  Pe- 
che-le,  &  other  sides  the  provs.  Shan- 


198 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[CHI 


tung,  Shan-se,  &  Ho-nan.  P.  27,990,871 . 
It  is  well  watered,  but  is  the  least  pro- 
ductive prov.  of  China  proper ;  and  it 
owes  its  chief  importance  to  containing 
the  capital,  Pekin,  &  the  great  depots  of 
rice  &  salt  for  the  internal  supply  of  the 
empire  &  of  the  cattle  sent  into  China 
from  Mongolia.  Coal  of  inferior  quality 
is  raised  in  considerable  quantities.  The 
prov.  is  divided  into  11  deps. ;  chief  cities 
Pekin  &  Yung-ping. 

Chi-li  (Gulf  of),  an  inlet  of  the  Yel- 
low sea.  Length  &  breadth  about  150 
m.  each. 

Chilicothe,  city,  cap.  of  Ross  co.  0., 
situated  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Scioto  r. 
The  princip.  streets,  following  the  course 
of  the  river,  are  crossed  by  others  at 
right  angles.  The  usual  county  build- 
ings, &  an  elegant  banking  house.     P. 

7,100. II.    p-v.,   cap.  of  Livingston 

CO.  Missouri.  The  usual  county  build- 
ings.    P.  710.  ' ,    . 

Chilka  Lake,  Brit.  India,  is  a  shal- 
low inlet  of  the  bay  of  Bengal,  between 
the  presids.  Madras  &  Bengal.  Area  280 
sq.  m. 

Chilkeah,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  pre- 
sid.  of  Bengal,  Upp.  provs. 

Chillambarajm,  a  town  of  Brit.  India, 
Carnatic,  on  the  sea  coast,  36  m.  S.  Pon- 
dicherry. 

Chillan,  a  town  of  Chile,  province  & 
100  m.  N.E.  Concepcion,  on  riv.  of  same 
name. 

CniLLisauAQUE,  p-t.,  Northumberl., 
Pa.     P.  about  2,000. 

Chillon  (Castle  of),  a  fortress  of 
Switzerland,  Canton  Vaud,  at  the  E.  ex- 
tremity of  the  lake  of  Geneva,  on  an 
isolated  rock,  surrounded  by  deep  water. 
Here  was  confined  Byron's  "  Prisoner  of 
Chillon." 

Chilmary,  a  town 'of  Brit.  India,  pre- 
sid.  of  Bengal,  on  the  Brahmaputra,  &  at 
which  from  60,000  to  100,000  Hindoos 
are  stated  to  assemble  at  certain  reli- 
gious &  commercial  festivals. 

Chiloe,  a  isl.  on  the  W.  coast  of  S. 
America,  which  with  several  smaller  isls., 
forms  a  prov.  of  the  Chilean  republic. 
It  is  separated  from  Patagonia  by  gulf 
of  Ancud.  It  is  120  m.  in  length  &  40 
in  breadth.  P.  42,000,  do.  of  prov.  44,- 
000.  The  isl.  is  hilly  but  not  mntnous., 
&  densely  covered  with  wood,  except 
around  th?  coast.  The  pop.  consists  of 
natives,  originally  of  Spanish  descent  & 
aboriginal  Indians,  but  the  great  bulk  of 
the  inhabitants  are  a  mixed  breed.  All 
are  nominally  Chri.stians,  but  in  general 
very  ignorant  &,  superstitious.     The  In- 


dian language  has  become  obsolete,  & 
Spanish  is  that  in  general  use.  Agri- 
culture is  in  a  very  primitive  state,  & 
the  trade  carried  on  is  a  species  of  barter, 
money  being  very  scarce.  The  people 
are  indolent  &  poor.  Schools  are  gene- 
ral, but  the  teachers  &  priests  are  of  a 
very  illiterate  grade. 

Chilpanzingo,  a  town  of  the  Mexican 
confed.,  dep.  Mexico,  on  the  road  from 
Acapulco,  &  4,800  ft.  above  the  sea. 

Chiltepec,  an  arm  of  the  river  Ta- 
basco, Mexican  eonfederation,  60  or  70 
m.  long. 

Chiltern  Hills,  a  range  of  chalk  hills 
of  England,  c6.  Bucks,  the  S.  part  of  which 
they 'traverse  between  Goring  in.  Oxford- 
shire, &  Tring  in  co.  Herts.  Breadth 
from  15  to  20  m.  Height  of  principal 
summit,  near  Wendover,  905  feet  above 
the  sea. 

Chimalapa,  a  vill.  of  Centr.  America, 
stale  Guatemala,  in  a  rich  &  fertile  tract, 
on  the  Motagua.  The  Chimalapilla  riv. 
is  an  affluent  of  the  Coatzoooaleos,  Mexi- 
can confederation,  dep.  Tobasco. 

Chimaltenango,  a  town  of  Central 
America,  state  Guatemala.     P.  4,000. 

Chimay,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Hainault,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Blanche.  P. 
3,041.  It  has  a  college,  several  iron- 
works, &  breweries,  &  near  it  are  some 
valuable  marble  quarries. 

Chimbo,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  Ecuador, 
on  the  Chimbo  river,  in  the  Andes,  at  the 
foot  of  Chimborazo  mountain. 

Chimborazo,  a  celeb,  mountain  of  S. 
America,  &  the  culminating  point  of  the 
Andes  of  Quito.  Lat.  1°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  79° 
W.;  elev.  21,420  feet.  It  is  in  the  form 
of  a  cone,  &  perpetually  snow  clad.  It 
was  ascended  by  Humboldt,  23d  June, 
1802,  to  an  elev.  of  19,286  feet,  &  again 
by  Boussingault  &  Hall,  16th  December, 
1831,  to  19,695  feet. 

Chimera,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Albania,  on  the  strait  of  Otranto,  at  the 
foot  of  the  range  of  mountains  of  same 
name. 

China,  a  large  &  important  country 
of  E.  Asia,  constituting  the  princip.  part 
of  the  Chinese  empire.  Greatest  length 
about  1,600  m. ;  breadth  varies  from  900 
to  1,300  m.  It  is  shut  out  from  its  N. 
dependencies  by  the  great  wall,  con- 
structed in  the  3d  century  before  the 
Christian  era,  &  which  extends  over  hill 
&  dale  for  1,250  miles,  varies  fi-om  15  to 
30  feet  in  height,  &  is  strengthened  at 
regular  intervals  by  large  square  towers. 
This  defensive  barrier  is  now  in  decay. 
Estimated    area,  &    population    of   the 


CHl] 


UNIVERSAL.  GAZETTEER. 


199 


several  provinces  of  China  proper,   are 
as  follows  : — 


P.  (1825), 
Area  in   according 
sq-.  m.    ti)  an  officl. 
census. 


Chf.  cities. 


58,<r49 
65,104 
55,208 
C5,104 

92,661  j 

72,176 
53,480 
39,150 

144,770  J 

S 


I  154,008 

166,800 ' 
79,406 
78,250 

107,970 
64,554 


27,990,871  Pekin. 
28,958,764  Tsi-nan. 
14,004,210  Tai-yaen. 
23,037,171  Kel-fung. 
37,843,501  Nankin. 
.34,168,059  Ngan-king. 
30,426,999  Nan-chang. 
14,777,410  Foo  choc. 
26,256,784  Hang-choo. 
37,370,098  Voii-chang. 
18,652,507  Chang-cha. 
10,207,256  Si-ngHn. 
15,193,135  Lan-choo. 
21,435.678  ChinL-too. 
19,147,030  Canton. 

7,313,895  a»ei-Iin. 

5,561,320  Vun-nan. 

5,281.219  Kevi-yang. 


Provinces. 


Chi-li, 

Shan-tung, 

Shan-si, 

Ho-nan, 

Kiang-su, 

Ngan-hoei, 

Kiang  si, 

Fo-kien, 

<'he-kiang, 

Hou-pe, 

Hoo-nan, 

Sheu-si, 

Kan-sn, 

Se-chuen, 

Quaiig-tong, 

Quang-si, 

Yuii-nan, 

Kvvi-choo, 


Total,      1,298,000  307,632,907 

China,  so  far  as  Europeans  have  been 
able  to  ascertain,  consists  of  an  elevated 
region  in  the  N.;  a  great  alluvial  plain 
in  the  centre  ;  &  in  the  S.  a  region  inter- 
spersed with  broad  valleys  &  lofty  moun- 
tains. It  is  estimated  that  2-3ds  of  the 
country  are  mountainous.  It  has  nu- 
merous large  rivers.  Lakes  arc  both  nu- 
merous &  extensive  ;  that  of  Tong-ting, 
in  the  province  Hou-nan,  is  stated  to  be 
nearly  300  m.  in  circuit.  The  coast  line 
has  been  estim.  at  2,500  m.  in  I'ength,  & 
it  is  alternately  bold  &  rocky,  or  low  & 
swampy;  it  presents,  however,  many  good 
harbors  at  the  mouths  of  the  rivers  & 
elsewhere.  There  are  no  active  volcanoes 
in  China  Proper  ;  but  in  sev'i  localities 
there  are  hot  springs  &  emissions  of  gas. 
The  vegetable  productions  of  the  country 
belong  chiefly  to  the  temper,  zone.  The 
tea-plant  is  peculiar  to  this  region,  &  the 
adjoining  territory  of  Assam.  The  cam- 
phor tree  grows  to  the  height  of  50  feet, 
&  is  a  good  timber  tree.  The  wild  ani- 
mals of  China,  if  they  ever  abounded, 
have  been  long  since  almost  extirpated 
by  the  cultivation  of  the  land,  &  the  dense. 
population.  Rice  is  the  principal  article 
of  culture,  &  being  the  main  food  of  the 
pop.,  its  export  is  prohibited ;  wheat, 
barley,  millet,  &  other  grains  of  temper- 
ate climates  are  raised.  Of  the  article  of 
tea,  it  has  been  estimated  that  upwards 
of  72  millions  lbs.  are  annually  exported 
into  foreign  countries,  of  which  amount, 
52  millions  are  taken  by  the  British  em- 
pire, the  other  principal  customers  being 


Russia,  the  United  States,  the  Netherl'ds, 
&  Hamburg.     Manufs.  are  of  the   most 
varied,  &  often  of  the  most  exquisite  de- 
scription.    Chinese  porcelain,  silks,  em- 
broidery, &  lacquered  wares  are  unequal- 
led for  brilliancy,  richness,  &  durability. 
They  excel  also  in  ship-building  &  bell- 
casting,  &  are  apt  in  all  branches  of  art 
conducive  to  the  comfort  of  life ;  but  all 
their  manufs.  are  carried  on  without  any 
aid  of  machinery.     The  maritime  trade 
is  most  important ;  &  many  years   ago 
Mr.  Crawfurd  estimated  the  commercial 
shipping  of  China  at  70,000  tons,  &  that 
of  Hai-nan  at    10,000  tons,  engaged  in 
trading   to  Siam,   Anam,   Japan,  &  the 
Asiatic  archipelago.    From  70  to  80  junks 
also  leave    Siam    in  the    summer  with 
grain,  sugar,  &c.     The  total  marit.  ex- 
port &  import  trade  of  China  with  Euro- 
pean nations  (Russia  excepted),  &  with 
the  U.  States  in  1845,  has  been  estimated 
at  9,669,668^.,.  that  with  Gt.  Britain  & 
British  India  amounting  to  6,814,062/.,  & 
with  the  U.  States  to   2,265,885/.     The 
emperor  is  of  a  Manchoo  dynasty,  which 
conquered  China  in  the  17th  century;  & 
the  large  property  of  the  great  ofiBces  of 
state  are  held  by  Manchoo  Tastaos.    The 
government   is  despotic.     The   standing 
military  force,  according  to  Teinhouslie, 
consists  of  4  national  divisions — the  Man- 
choos  in  678  companies  of  100  men  each; 
the  Mongols  in  211  do.;  &    106,000   Chi- 
nese, all  cavalry ;  &   500,000  native   in- 
fantry, besides  125,000  irregular  troops 
or  militia — in  all  829,900  men.     In  phy- 
sical character  the  Chinese  rank  under 
the  Mongolian  family  of  man  ;  the  harsh- 
er features  of  this  family  being  consider- 
ably softened.      The   head  &    face    are 
square-formed,  or  angular — the  nose  flat, 
lips   thick,  &   eyes   small,  with  oblique 
eyelids,  cheekbones  prominent.    Color  of 
skin  lemon    yellow,    hair    black,    beard 
scanty.     The  Chinese  intellect  is  shrewd, 
&  takes   a  common  sense  view  of  things, 
not  apt  to  be  imaginative  or  speculative. 
The  disposition  is  mild  &   peaceful,  but 
deceitful ;  filial  affection,  &  parental  rev- 
erence are  cultivated.    At  a  very  remote 
period,  the   natives  appear  to  have   ad- 
vanced to  a  considerable  state  of  civili- 
zation, &  to  the  practice  of  the  arts  of 
domestic  life,  especially  the  arts  of  print- 
ing, the  invention  of  the  mariner's  com- 
pass, &  the  manufacture  of  silk  &  porce- 
lain.    The  religion  of  Confucius  is  that 
adopted  by  the  court  &  upper  classes,  & 
consists  in  a  refined  deism,  with  a  great 
reverence  for  ancestors,  &  for  the  moral 
precepts  of  Confucius. 


200 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY, 


[cHI 


China,  t.,  Kennebec  co.  Me.  "Watererl 
by  a  smnll  lnke.     Produces  good  vvbc;it. 

laca.i.     P.  2,675. II.  p-t.,  Wyoiuing 

CO.  N.  Y.     Drained  by   Clearer.     Some 

manufs.     P.  1,961. III.  p-t,  St.  Clnir 

\  CO.  Mich.,  traversed  by  Belle  r.     P.  610. 

China  Sea,  is  that  pordoii  of  the  Pa- 
cific ocean  Trhich  extend.s  between  China 
&  Siani  on  the  W.,  the  Philip^pine  isls.  on 
the  E,,  Borneo  on  the  S.,  &  the  isl.  of 
Formosa  on  the  W.  It  forms  the  great 
gulfs  of  Siam  &  Tonquin. 

Chinachin,  a  large  town,  Nepaul,  on 
an  afifluent  of  the  Gcggra. 

Chinapatam.  a  town  of  Indin,  Deccan, 
Mysore  dom.,  &  Which  in  1820  had  1,000 
houses. 

Chincha,  a  small  seaport  town  of  K. 
Peru. 

Chinchilla,  a  city  of  Spain,  prov.  Al- 
bacete.  P.  12,609.  It  has  an  old  castle, 
&  is  surrounded  by  anc.  walls.  Manufs. 
coarse  cloths. 

Chinchon,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Madrid,  between  the  Tagus  &  ihe  Tajuna. 
P.  5,392.     It  has  uiin.  spring.s  &  baths. 

Chin-Choo,  a  ma.rit.  region  of  China, 
betw.  lat.  23°  &  26°  N.,  comprising  parts 
of  the  provs.  Fo-kien  &  Quang-tong,  & 
inhabited  by  a  hardy  &  industrious  peo- 
ple, who  man  most  part  of  the  imperial 
&  commercial  navy.  It  is  stated  that 
"Chinchoo  men"  are  the  principal  bank- 
ers of  the  capital,  cultivators  of  the  tea- 

pl't,  pedlars  &  colonists. II.  a  city,  prov. 

Ilou-nan,  cap.  dep. III.  a  city,  prov. 

Hou-nan,  cap.  dep.,  on  the  Yuen-kiang. 

Chinchoor,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bombay.     P.  5,000. 

Chinchorro  (El),  a  reef  oflF  the  E. 
coast  of  Yucatan,  Cent.  America.  Length, 
23  ra. ;  greatest  breadth,  9  m. 

Chine  (La),  a  vill.  of  Lower  Canada, 
on  the  isl.  &  70  m.  above  the  city  of  Mon- 
treal. It  is  the  centre  of  all  the  com- 
merce between  Upper  &  Lower  Canada. 
'There  is  a  canal  from  this  point  to  Mon- 
treal, to  avoid  the  rapids  of  St.  Louis. 

Chinendega,  two  contiguous  towns  of 
Central  America,  state  Nicaragua. — New 
Chinendega,  9  m.  from  Kiaglio,  &  a  do- 
put  for  the  trade  of  that  port  with  the  in- 
terior, has  from  8,000  to  10,000  inhabs. 
It  stands  in  a  fertile  plain.— OZd  Chi- 
nendega has  from  3  to  4,000  inhabs. 

Ching,  a  prefi.^ed  name  of  numerous 
cities  of  China. 

Ching-king,  a  prov.  of  China.     [Lea- 

OTONG.] 

Chingleput,  a  maritime  district  of 
British  India,  presid.  of  Madras,  having 
E.  the  Indian  ocean,  &  on  other  sides  the 


Arcot  districts.  Area,  2,253  sq.  m.  P. 
336,220.  Surface  low,  with  scattered 
hills.  Princip.  riv.,  the  Palaur.  Soil  poor. 
The  Pulicat  lake  &  other  lagoons  skirt 
the  coast.  Principal  towns  Chingleput 
&  Conjeveram. — Chingleput.  SingaLa- 
petta,  cap.  the  above  dist,,  in  a  valley, 
near  a  fine  artificial  lake. 

Chin-hae,  a  maritime  city  of  China, 
prov.  Che-kiang,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Yung-kiang  river. 

Chini,  a  lRT2;e  vill.  of  Scinde,  &  at  an 

elev.of  10,000  ft^et. II.   a  large  vill., 

N.  Hindostan,  Kunawar,  10,200  ft.  above 
the  sea. 

Chinian  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Herault.  P.  2,941.  It  has 
extensive  manufs.  of  cloth  for  the  Levant ; 
&  tanneries. 

Chinini,  a  considerable  town  &  palace, 
Punjab,  on  the  Tani  river. 

Chin-kiang-foo,  a  maritime  city  of 
China,  prov.  Kiang-su,  on  the  Yang-tze- 
kiang  river. 

Chinon,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Indre-et-Loire,  on  the  Vienne.  P. 
4,859. 

Chinrayapatam,  a  town  of  India, 
Deccan,  Mysore  dom. 

Chinsura,  a  town  of  British  ■  India, 
Bengal. 

Chiny,  a  town  of  Belgium,  Luxem- 
burg, on  right  b.  of  the  Semoy.  P.  1,084, 
partly  employed  in  manufg.  ironwares. 

Chin- Yang,  a  city,  Chinese  empire. 

Chio,  or  Khio,  an  isl.,  Asiat.  Turkey. 

Chioggia,  a  seaport  town,  N.  Italy, 
gov.  Venice,  cap.  dist ,  on  an  isl.  in  the 
S.  estrem.  of  the  Venetian  lagoon.  P. 
27,076.  It  is  about  2  m.  in  circumfer- 
ence, founded,  like  Ai^sterdam,  on  piles, 
well  built,  &  connected  with  the  main- 
land by  a  stone  bridge  of  43  arches.  It 
has  a  fine  main  street  lined  with  porti- 
coes. It  has  high  schools,  important  salt- 
works, yards  for  sMp-buildlng,  fisheries, 
&  a  trade  with  the  interior. 

Chipiona,  a  mkt.  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Cadiz,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Guadalquivir. 
P.  1,559. 

Chippewa,  county,  Mich.,  situated  in 
the  N.  peninsula,  &  contains  2,000  sq.  m. 
It  has  Lake  Superior  on  the  north.     A 

new  CO.    P.  898 II.  riv.,  Wisconsin,  a 

branch  of  the  Miss,  150  m.  long. III. 

county.  Wis.    P.  614. IV.  p-t.,  Wayne 

CO.,  0.  ■  P.  1,787. 

Chippeway,  a  vill.  of  Upper  Canada, 

dist.  Lincoln. II.   town,    Beaver  co., 

Pa. 

Chippewayan  Fort,  British  N. 
America,  is   a  commercial  post  in  the 


CHO] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


201 


Chippeway-  territory,  at  the  W.  end  of 
L.  "Athabasca. 

Chippewayan  Mntns.,  a  name  of  the 
great  N.W.  American  range,  including 
the  Rocky  mntns. 

CnianiMULA  (de  la  Sierra),  a  town 
of  Centr.  America,  state  Guatemala,  cap. 
dep.     P.  6,000. 

CHiauiMULA  (Isthmus  of),  Central 
America,  comprehending  about  70  m.  of 
coast,  on  the  Caribbean  sea,  between  the 
mouth  of  the  Rio  Motagua  &  the  inner- 
most corner  of  the  bay  of  Honduras.  The 
distance  across  from  the  Atlantic  to  Pa- 
cific 0.  is  here  150  m.  Greatest  eleva- 
tion of  the  land,  2,000  feet. 

CmauiTOs,  a  tei-ritory  of  Bolivia,  dep. 
Santa  Cruz,  &  forming  the  middle  part 
of  the  great  Longitudinal  PZam,  which 
extends  N.  &  S.  of  the  eastern  base  of  the 
Andes. 

Chirac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Lozere,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Rioulone.  P. 
1,550. 

Chihcari,  &  Chirgong,  two  towns  of 
Hindostan,  Bundelcund. 

Chirens,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Isere.     P.  2,030. 

Chirico    (San),    two    mkt.   towns   of 

ISTaples.  prov.  Basilicata. 1.  {Nuovo), 

on  a  hill.      P.   1,500. II.  {Raparo), 

cap.  cant.     P.  3,580. 

Chirkiui,  a  riv.,  lagoon,  &  arehip.  of 
Centr.  America,  state  of  Costa  Rica,  dep. 
Veragua.  The  river,  after  a  N.-ward 
course,  enters  the  lagoon,  which  is  sepa- 
rated from  the  Caribbean  sea  by  the  Chi- 
riqui  archipelago. 

Chirra,  a  vill.  of  Cossyah  country, 
Further  India,  presid.  Bengal.  Elev. 
4,000  feet. 

Chirripo,  a  volcano  &  river  of  Centr. 
Amer.,  state  Costa-Rica. 

Chirton,  a  tnshp.  of  England,  eo. 
Northumberland,  on  the  Tyne.  P.  4,360, 
mostly  employed  in  collieries. 

Chiti,  Citium,  a  marit.  vill.  of  the  isl. 
of  Cyprus,  on  its  S.  coast,  near  Cape 
Chiti. 

Chitore,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of 
the  rHJahship. 

Chithal,  a  country  of  N.W.  India, 
consisting  of  the  Eooner  valley,  on  the 
S.  slope  of  the  Hindoo  Koosh.  Length 
100  m.,  by  from  15  to  20  m.  in  breadth. 
Chitral,  the  principal  town.  P.  be- 
tween 3,000  &  4,000. 

Chi-tsien,  a  city  of  China,  prov. 
Kwi-choo. 

Chittae,  one  of  the  Laccadive  isls., 
Indian  0. 

Chittagong,    a  dist.,    British  India, 
9* 


presid.  Bengal,  beyond  the  Brahmapu- 
tra riv.  Length  N.  to  S.  120  m.,  greatest 
breadth  50  m.  Area  3,000  sq.  m.  Pop 
1,000,000.  (?)  Surface  flat  on  the  coast; 
mntnous.  in  the  interior. 

Chittapet,  a  town,  British  India,  pre- 
sid. Madras,  district  S.  Areot. 

Chitteldeoog,  atown  of  S.  Hindostan, 
dom.  Mysore. 

Chittenango,  p-v.,   Madison  co.  N.  Y. 

Mineral  springs.      P.    1,000. II.  or., 

on  affluent  of  Oneida  lake. 

Chittenden,  county,  Vt.,  toward  the 
N.W.  part  of  the  state.  Onion  r.  passea 
through  its  centre.  Extensive  water- 
power.  Surface  near  the  shore  of  Lake 
Champlain  is  level ;  but  it  becomes 
mountainous  towards  the  E.  Cap.  Bur- 
lington. The  com.  agricultural  fruits, 
with  consid.  sugar.  More  than  100,000 
sheep.  Manufs.  of  woollens  &  leather. 
2  newsp.,  1   college,   3  acad.    P.  29,036. 

II.  p-t.,  Rutland  co.  Vt.    It  occupies 

the  height  of  land  between  Connecticut  r. 
&  Lake  Champlain. 

Chittoor,  a  town  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid. dist.  N.  Arcot. 

Chittra,  two  towns  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  prov.  Bahar. 

Chiura,  a  vill.  of  Lombardy,  prov. 
Sondrio,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Adda.     JP.  2,500. 

Chiusa  (La),  a  town  of  the  Sard,  sta., 
Piedmont,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Pesio.  P.  5,751. 
It  is  well  built,  &   has   manufs.  of  silk 

fabrics  &  glass  wares. II.  a  vill.,  on 

the  Dora  Riparia,  with  an  hospice  for 
travellers. III.  a  town  of  Sicily,  in- 
tend. Palermo.     P.  6,000. 

Chiusa,  a  town  of  the  Tyrol.     [Klau- 

SEN.] 

Chipsano,  a  mkt.  town  of  Naples, 
prov.  prinoip.  Ultra.     P.  2,140. 

Chiusi,  a  city  of  centr.  Italy,  Tuscany, 
prov.  Siena.     P.  1,602. 

Chiva,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Valen- 
cia.    P.  3,954. 

Chivasso,  a  small  city  of  the  Sard, 
states.  Piedmont,  prov.  Turin,  cap.  mand., 
in  a  fertile  plain,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Po.  P. 
7,841. 

Chlumetz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circ. 
Bidschow,  on  the  Zydlina.  P.  2,969.  It 
has  manufs.  of  cotton  goods. 

Chmielnik,  two  towns  of  Russian 
Poland. 

Chocholna,  a  vill.  of  Hungary,  co. 
Trentschin,  on  the  Waag,  with  mineral 
springs  &  baths. 

Choco,  a  prov.  New  Granada,  S.  Amer., 
forming  W.  part  of  the  dep.  Cauca,  wa- 
tered by  the  Atrato  riv. 

Choctaw,   county.    Miss.,    near    the 


202 


CYCLOP.EDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY, 


[CHO 


centre  of  the  state,  contains  920  sq.  m 
Drained  by  head  branches  of  Big  Black. 
Cap.  Greensboro.  Staple  commod.  cot- 
ton.    P.  11,402. 

Choctawhatchbe,  r.,  Ala.,  flowing 
into  a  bay  of  the  same  name  130  miles 
long. 

Chodziesen,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov. 
Posen.     P.  3,250. 

Chogdah,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  &  prov.  Bengal. 

Choiseul,  a  harbor  of  Madagascar,  on 
the  E.  coast  of  the  isl.,  in  the  bay  of  An- 
tongil. 

Choisy-sur-Seine,  a  comm.  <fc  town 
of  France,  dep.,  &  on  1.  b.  of  the  Seine. 
P.  3,227.  It  has  extens.  manufs.  of  glass 
wares,  porcelain,  soap,  morocco  leather, 

&  chemical  products. II.  (En-Brie), 

dep.  Seine-et-Marne.     P.  1,311. 

Chokeeghuh,  a  town  of  Hindostan, 
dom.  Bhopaul. 

Choleechel,  a  considerable  isl.  of  S. 
Amer.,  Plata  confed.,  formed  by  the  Rio 
Negro  riv. 

Cholet,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Maine-et-Loire,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Moine.  P.  7,539.  It  is  well  built,  &  has 
manufs.  of  fine  woollen  &  mixed  cloths. 

Cholula,  a  decayed  town,  Mexican 
confed.,  state  La  Puebla.  It  is  situated 
on  the  table-land  of  Anahuae,  elev.  6,912 
ft.  Pop.  wholly  Indians.  Close  to  the 
town  is  a  pyramid  of  clay  &  brick,  erect- 
ed by  the  anc.  Mexicans,  177  fU  in 
height,  measuring  1,440  ft.  on  each  side, 
at  its  base  ascended  by  120  steps,  &  sur- 
mounted -  by  a  chapel,  erected  by  the 
Spaniards.  Cortez,  early  in  the  16th 
century,  recorded  that  Cholula  {Chu- 
rultecal)  then  contained  20,000  houses,  be- 
sides as  many  in  the  suburbs,  &  more 
than  400  towers  of  temples. 

Chomeeac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
cap.  cant.,  dep.  Ard^che.     P.  2,550. 

Chonos  Archipelago,  a,n  isl.  group, 
off  the  W.  coast  of  Patagonia,  mostly  be- 
tween lat  44°  &  46°  S.  Some  of  the  isls. 
are  large,  but  all,  except  a  few  outlying 
ones  W.-ward,  are  bare,  &  very  sca,ntily 
inhabited. 

Choo-keang,  Chinese  name  for  Can- 
ton river. 

Choomp-hoon,  a  maritime  town  of 
Siam,  cap.  dist.,  on  a  river  near  its  mouth 
in  the  gulf  of  Siam.     P.  8,000. 

Choonga  &  Choonka,  two  vills.  of 
ScinJe. 

Chooroo,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  Raj- 
poo  tan  a. 

Chopor,  a  riv.  of  Russia,  &  branch  of 
the  Don  ;  260  m.  long. 


Chopersk  (Novo),  a  small  town  of 
Russia. 

Chopeah,  a  considerable  town  of  Brit. 
India,  presid.  Bombay. 

Choptank,  riv ,  Md..  on  the  B.  shore. 

Chorassan,  a  prov.  of  Persia. 

Chorges,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Alps,  cap.  cant.    P.  2,000. 

Choeillos,  a  vill.  &  watering  place  of 
Peru,  dep.  Lima,  &  a  good  deal  resorted 
to  by  the  inhabitants  of  that  city  in  sum- 
mer, though  it  is  wretchedly  built. 

Choeley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  Lan- 
caster,j)n  the  Chor. 

Chorlton-on-Medlock,  a  township 
of  Engl.,  CO.  Lancaster.     P.  28,336. 

Choeeera,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  New 
Granada,  on  the  isthmus,  near  the  head 
of  the  river  Chorrera,  which  enters  the 
Pacific  by  a  deep  mouth  10  m.AV.  Panama. 

Chorun,     a     town     of     Asia-Minor. 

[TCHOEUN,] 

Choezele,  a  town  of  Poland,  prov. 
Plock,  on  the  frontiers  of  Prussia.  P. 
1,700.     Manufs.  Tvoollens  &  leather. 

Choteesghue,  a  large  dist.  of  British 
India,  prov.  Gundwana,  the  most  eastern 
possession  of  the  Nagpoor  Mahrattas. 
Length  from  N.to  S.  260  m. 

Chotieborz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  near 
1.  b.  of  the  Dobrowa.     P.  2,000. 

Chotieschau,  a  town  of  Bohemia.  P. 
1,055. 

Chotta,  several  vills.  of  Scinde. 

Chotusitz,  a  tOwn  of  Bohemia.  P. 
1,000. 

Chotyn,  or  Choczim,  a  strongly  fortfd. 
town  of  S.  Russia,  prov.  Bessarabia,  on 
the  Dniester.  P.  formerly  amounting  to 
20,000,  had  in  1838  diminished  to  1,690. 

Chotzen,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the 
Stille-Adler.     P.  2,000. 

Choubar,  a  seaport  town,  Beloochistan, 
S.  Asia,  prov.  Mekran. 

Chouchuck,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  on 
the  Bavee,  62  m.  S.W.  Lahore. 

Choul,  a  marit.  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bombay,  dist.  Aurungabad. 

Chouraghur,  a  town  &  strong  fortress 
of  British  India,  presid.  Bengal. 

Chouze,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Indre-et-Loire,  on  the  Loire.  P. 
3,852. 

Chouzy,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Lnire-el-Cher.     P.  1,239. 

Chowan,  riv.,  rising  in  Va.,  &  flowing 

into    Albemarle    sound. II.   county, 

N.  C,  N.E.  part  of  the  state,  with  Albe- 
marle sound  on  the  S.  A  productive  co. 
Cap.  Edenton.  Staple  commod.  cotton. 
Numerous  distilleries.  2  newsp.  2  acad. 
P.  6,721. 


chr] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


203 


Chowry  Isl.    [Nicobae,  Isls.] 

Chrast,  a  vill.  of  Bohemia,  Chrudim, 
with  a  summer  palace  of  the  bishop  of 
Koniggratz.     P.  1,648. 

Christburg,  a  town  of  W.  Prussia,  on 
the  Serge.     P.  2,630. 

Christchuhch,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Hants.  It  is  a  quiet  town,  with  little 
trade,  &  named  from  its  fine  old  church, 
formerly  collegiate,  founded  early  in 
Saxon  times. 

Christian,  county,  Ky.,  in  the  S.  part 
of  the  state,  contains  612  sq.  m.  Soil 
various.  One  of  the  wealthiest  cos.  in 
the  state  ;  watered  by  several  small  rivs. 
Cap.  Hopkinsville.  Staple  commodities, 
wheat,  Indian  corn,  hemp,  flax  &  tobacco. 
Tanneries,    distilleries,   &    potteries ;    1 

newsp. ;    4  acad.     P.  19,580. II.  co., 

111.,  in  the  central  part  of  the  state, 
drained  by  Sangamon  &  branches.  Cap. 
EdLaburg.      The    common    agricultural 

fruits.  P.  3,202. III.  t..  Independence 

CO.  Ark.     P.  500. 

Christiana,  riv.,  in  Penn.  &  Md.,  an 

afiBuent  of    the   Brandywine. II.  v., 

Newcastle  co.  Del.  It  has  an  active  trade 
with  Philadelphia  in  flour.  Cotton  facs. 
&  powder  mills.     1  acad.     P.  3,725. 

Christiania,  the  cap.  city  of  Norway, 
amt.  Aggershuus,  most  picturesquely 
situated  at  the  head  of  Christiania  fiord, 
in  lat.  59°  54'  1"  N.  P.  26,141.  Town 
regularly  laid  out,  &  pretty  well  built. 
It  has  a  cathed.,  a  citadel,  one  of  the 
chief  fortresses,  &  the  great  arsenal  of 
the  kgdm.,  a  royal  residence,  bank  & 
exchange,  a,  university  founded  1811, 
having  usually  about  600  students,  &  with 
a  library  of  130,000  vols.  It  has  manufs. 
of  woollen  fabrics,  tobacco,  hardwares,  & 
paper,  numerous  distilleries  &  breweries. 

Christianopel,  a  maritime  town  of 
Sweden,  on  Kalmar  sound. 

Christians,  a  large  amt.  or  dist.,  Nor- 
way, occupying  its  centre  ;  traversed  by 
the  Louzen  riv.     P.  106,840. 

Christiansand,  a  seaport  town  of 
Norway,  near  its  S.  extremity,-  cap.  stift 
of  same  name,  on  a  fiord  of  the  Skager- 
rack. A  good  deal  of  ship-building  is 
carried  on  ;  it  hag  a  secure  harbor,  &  an 
export  trade.     P.  8,548. 

Christiansbokg,  the  principal  Danish 
fort  of  Africa,  on  the  Guinea  coast. 
[Accra.] 

Chhistianburg,  a  vill.  of  N.  Germany, 
duchy  Oldenburg. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Mont- 
gomery co:  Va.    The  usual  co.  buildings. 

Christianstad,  a  Icen  or  dist.  of 
Sweden,  near  its  S.  extremity.  Area, 
2,400  sq.  m.     P.  165,880.     Its  centre  is 


formed  of  the  fertile  valley  of  the  Helge. 
Chief  products,  corn,  flax,  hemp,  &  hops. 
Chief  towns,  Christianstad,  Cimbrisham, 
&  Engelholm. 

Christianstad,  a  town  of  S.  Sweden, 
cap.  Isen  of  same  nam«,  on  the  Helge, 
near  the  Baltic.  P.  4,500.  It  is  well 
built,  &  has  artillery  barracks,  &  manufs. 
of  gloves,  linen,  &  woollen  fabrics,  &c. 

Christiansted,  a  town  of  the  isl.  St. 
Croix,  Danish  W.  Indies,  on  the  N.E. 
coast  of  the  isl.     P.  5,350., 

Christiansund,  a  seaport  town  of 
Norway,  on  3  isls.  in  the  Atlantic,  which 
encloses  its  harbor.     P.  2,634. 

Christina  (Santa),  one  of  the  Mar- 
quesas isls.     [Tahuata.] 

Christinehamn,  a  town  of  Sweden, 
Isen  Carlstad,  on  the  Yarn,  from  its  mouth 
in  Lake  Wener.     P.  1,800. 

Christinestadt,  a  seaport  town  of 
Kuss.  Finland,  lien  Wasa,  on  the  G.  of 
Bothnia.  P.  1,500.   It  has  a  good  haibor. 

Christionydd-Kenrick,  a  tnshp.,  N. 
Wales,' CO.  Denbigh.     P.  4,-554. 

Christmas  (Cataracts),  are  in  the  r. 
Berbice,  Brit.  Gmann.— (Harbor),  Ker- 
guelen  Land,  Indian  ocean,  is  in  lat.  49° 
20'  S.,  where  there  is  a  curiously  arched 
basaltic  rock. —  (Island).  Pacific.  Was 
discovered  by  Cook,  Dec.  24,  1777,  &  is 
about  60  m.  in  circuit. II.  an  isl.  In- 
dian ocean.  Lat.  10°  31'  S. — (Sound), 
near  the  S.  extremity  of  America. 

Christophe  (St.),  numerous  comms. 
&  vills.  of  France  ;  the  princip.  in  dep. 
Indre-et-Loire.     P.  1,504. 

Christopher  (St.),  or  St.  Kitt's,  one 
of  the  British  W.  India  isls..  Leeward 
group.  Length  N.AV.  to  S.E.  20  m., 
breadth  5  m.  Area,  68  sq.  m.  P.  whites 
1,612,  colored  21,521,  being  342  persons 
to  each  sq.  m.  The  isl.  is  an  irregular 
oblong,,  traversed  in  th^e  centre  from  N. 
to  S.  by  a  mntn.  ridge  of  volcanic  origin, 
in  the  middle  of  which  rises  the  perpen- 
dicular craggy  summit  of  Mt.  Misery, 
elevation  3,7li  ft.  Four  rivs.  water  this 
country,  &  in  the  N.E.  there  are  several 
salt  ponds,  producing  abundance  of  salt. 
This  isl.  was  discovered  by  Columbus,  in 
1493  &  was  then  densely  peopl'd  byCaribs. 

Christoval     (San),      several    small 

towns  of  South  &  Central  America. 

I.  Venezuela,  prov.   Merida,  on   an  aifl. 

of  the  Apure. II.  New  Granada,  prov. 

Antioquia. III.  Cent.  America,  state 

Guatimala,  prov.  Vera  Paz. — The  Lake 
of  San  Christoval,  confed.  dep.  Mexico. 

Chrudim,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  cap. 
circ.  of  same  name,  on  the  Chrudimka. 
P.  6,107. 


204 


CYCLOPJEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[CIE 


Chbzanow,  a  town  of  the  late  repub., 
Cracow,  on  the  Chechlo.  P.  4,000,  mostly 
Jews. 

Chu-Chow,  a  city  of  China,  prov.  Che- 
kiang,  on  a  navigable  riv. 

Chucuito,  a  decayed  town  of  Bolivia, 
cap.  prov.,  W.  of  L.  Titicaca.  P.  5,000  ; 
at  the  commencement  of  the  18th  cent., 
it  was  estim.  at  300,000, 

Chudleigh,  a  mrkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  Devon.  The  town,  on  an  acclivity 
near  the  Teign,  has  been  neatly  rebuilt, 
since  a  fire  which  almost  entirely  de- 
stroyed it  in  1807. 

Chuenpee,  a  port  of  China,  on  an  isl. 
opposite  Ty-cook-tow  point,  in  the  Canton- 
riv. 

Chule,  a  fimall  port  ef  S.  Peru,  dep. 
Arequipa. 

Chulna,  Crocofa,  an  islet  of  the  In- 
dian ocean,  Cape  Monza,   Beloochistan. 

Chulumani,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  dep. 
La  Paz,  on  a  head  stream  of  the  Beni. 

Chumba,  a  t.,  Punjab,  on  the  Ravee, 
at  the  foot  of  the  Himalaya. 

Chumbul,  a  riv.  of  India,  rises  in  the 
Vindhyan  mntns.,  &  joins  the  Jumna,  85 
m.  S.E.  Agra.  Total  course  estim.  at  500  m. 

Chumleigh,  a  small  market  town  of 
Engl.,  CO.  Devon,  on  the  Dart;     P.  1,647. 

Chumpaneer,  a  t.  of  India,  Gwalior 
doni-,  on  an  isolated  rock. 

Chumpawut,  a  town  of  N.  Hindostan, 
&  the  old  cap.  of  Kumaon. 

Chunargur,  a  town  &  fortress  of  Brit. 
India,  presid.  Bengal,  dist.  Juanpoor,  on 
the  Ganges. 

Chun-khing,  two  cities  of  China,  prov. 
Se-chuen,  caps,  of  deps. 

Chun-ning,  two  cities  of  China. 1. 

prov.  W.  Yun-nan,  cap.  dep. II.  prov. 

Chi-li,  cap.  dep. 

Chupat,  a  river  of  Patagonia,  which 
after  a  long  E.  course  enters  the  Atlantic. 

Caupparah,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

Chuprah,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Bengal,  cap.  dist.  Sarun.  P.  50,000.  It 
extends  upwards  of  a  mile  along  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Ganges. 

CHuauEAPO,  a  river  of  Bolivia,  rises  in 
the  Andes  near  La  Paz. 

Chuquibamba,  a  town  of  S.  America, 
Peru,  dep.  Arequipa.  In  the  vicinity  is 
amntn.of  the  same  name.  Elev.  21,000  ft. 

Chuquisaca,  a  prov.  of  Bolivia,  S. 
America,  extending  S.  of  the  Sierra  de 
la  Santa  Cruz.  Also  the  cap.  city  of  the 
state,  formerly  called  Charcas,  or  La 
Plata.  P.  25,000.  It  is  built  in  a  delight- 
ful valley,  elev.  9,000  ft. 

CHuauiTO,  a  town  of  Peru. 


Chur,  the  cap.  town  of  the  Swiss  cant. 
Grisonsin  the  valley  of  the  Upper  Rhine. 
P.  5,300. 

Churchill  (Cape),  British  N.  Amer., 
is  a  headland  on  the  W.  coast  of  Hudson 
bay.  Lat.  58°  54'  l^i.— Churchill  River, 
which  enters  Hudson  bay,  45  m-  W.,  is 
the  lower  part  of  the  Mississippi. 

Churchville,  v.,  Clark  co.  Mo.,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  r. 

Chureis,  a  town  of  S.  Russia,  gov. 
Taurida. 

Churgaon,  one  of  the  Bundelcund  ra- 
jahships,  India.    P.  3,800. 

Caurkaree,  a  rajahship  of  India,  Bun- 
delcund.    P.  81,000. 

Churwell,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
York,  W.  Riding.     P.  1,198. 

Chusan,  one  of  a  group  of  isles,  off 
the  E.  coast  of  China,  prov.  Che-kiang, 
opposite  the  estuary  of  the  Tsien-tang- 
kiang. 

Chusistan,  a  prov.  of  Persia. 

Chuta  Nagpoor,  a  large  rajahship 
of  British  India,  presid.  Bengal,  on  the 
borders  of  the  prov.  Gundwana. 

Chutterbai,  a  stronghold,.  N.  Afghan- 
istan, in  an  almost  inaccessible  position, 
on  the  Indus. 

Chutturpore,  a  rajahship  of  India, 
Bundelcund,  feudatory  to  the  British.  P. 
120,000. 

Chuwari,  a  small  town,  Punjab. 

Chynpoor-Baree,  a  considerable  t. 
of  Hindostan,  dom.  Bhopaul. 

CiANCiANA,  a  town  of  Sicily,  pror. 
Girgenti.  P.  3,400.  Near  it  are  exten. 
sulphur  mines. 

CiBAO,  the  princip.  mntn.  of  Haiti,  near 
the  centre  of  the  island.  Culminating 
point  4,590  ft.  in  elevation. 

CiBiNiuM,  a  town  of  Hungary. 

CiBOURE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Pyrenees.     P.  1,537. 

CiBRiAN  DE  Castro  (San),  a  small 
town ,  of  Spain,  prov.  Zamora,  near  the 
Esla. 

Cicacole,  a  town  of  Br.  India.     [Chi- 

CACOLE.] 

CicAGNA,  a  vill.  of  Sard,  sta.,  prov. 
Chiavari,  at  the  foot  of  the  Apennines. 
P.  2,722. 

CicciANO,  a  town  of  Naples,  cap.  dist., 
prov.  T.  di  Lavoro.     P.  3,000. 

Cicero,  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  Bor- 
ders on  Oneida  lake.     P.  2,980. 

CiECHANOw,  a  town  of  Poland,  prov. 
Plock,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Lidinia.     P.  2,400. 

CiECHANOwiEC,  a  town  of  Russian  Po- 
land, prov,  Bialystok,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Nur- 
zek.     P.  3,000. 

Ciempozuelos,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 


cib] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


203 


Madrid,  near  rt.  b.  of  the  Jarama.  P. 
2,044. 

CiENFUEGos.  a  town  of  the  isl.  Cuba, 
cap.  jurisd.  same  name,  dep.  Centro.  P. 
2,437. 

CiERP,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
H.  Garonne.     P.  1,141. 

CiERS  (St.),  several  comms.  &  vills.  of 
France,  the  principal  St.  Ciers-la-Lande, 
dep.  Gironde,  cap.  cant.  Blaye.    P.  2,825. 

CiEzA,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Murcia, 
near  1.  b.  of  the  Segura.     P.  6,917. 

CiFUENTES,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Guadalajara.     P.  1,465. 

CiGLIANO     &    CiLAVEGNA,    twO     Small 

towns  of  Piedmont,  div.  Novara ;  the 
former,  prov.  Veroelli.  P.  4,475.  The 
latter,  prov.  Lomellina.     P.  3,251. 

CiLAvEGNA,  a  town  of  the  Sardinian 
states,  prov.  Lomellina.     P.  3,251. 

CiLLY,  a  town  of  Styria,  cap.  circ.  on 
the  San.     P.  1,660. 

CiMBEBAsiA,  a  country  on  the  S.W. 
coast  of  Africa,  between  Cape  Frio,  in  S. 
Guinea,  &  the  country  of  the  Hottentots. 

CiMBRiSHAM,  a  town  of  Sweden,  Isen 
Christianstadt,  on  the  Baltic.     P.  1,032. 

CiMiNNA,  a  town  of  Sicily,  cap.  circ. 
Palermo.     P.  6,000. 

CiMiTiLE,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  T. 
di  Lavoro,  1  m.  N.  Nola.     P.  2,500. 

CiNALOA,  a  dep.  of  the  Mexican  con- 
federation, on  the  W.  coast,  now  united 
with  Sonora.     P.  9,500. 

Cincinnati,  a  city  &  port  of  entry, 
&  cap.  of  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  the  most 
populous  city  west  of  the  Alleghany 
mountains,  is  situated  on  the  Ohio,  near 
the  S.W.  corner  of  the  state.  P.  in  1800, 
750;  in  1850,  116,108.  It  is  built  on  a 
slope  rising  from  the  river,  &  has  broad 
handsome  streets,  mostly  intersecting  at 
right  angles.  The  princip.  buildings  are 
a  court-house,  banks,  medical  &  other 
colleges,  &  market-houses.  Cincinnati 
has  manufs.  of  iron,  cabinet  work,  hats, 
cottons,  woollens,  chiefly  conducted  with 
steam-power.  Large  distilleries,  flour 
mills,  &  docks  for  building  steamboats. 
It  is  the  largest  pork  market  in  the  world. 
Its  trade  is  extensive.  The  shore  of  the 
Ohio  here  forms  a  good  landing  for  boats 
at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  The  principal 
landing  being  paved  at  4ow  water  mark 
in  a  substantial  manner,  &  supplied  with 
floating  wharves,  rendered  necessary  by 
the  great  rise  &  fall  in  the  river  at  differ- 
ent times.  Reg.  shipping  consists  chiefly 
of  steamers  plying  on  the  Mississippi  & 
Ohio.  Tonnage,  1,418,718.  Its  trade  is 
greatly  fneilitated  by  the  Miami  railroad 
&    the    Miami   canal.      Cincinnati   was 


founded  in  1789,  on  the  site  of  Fort  Wash- 
ington. Its  rapid  increase  hUs  been  much 
aided  by  European  emigration. 

CiNciNNATUs,  p-t.,  Cortland  co.  N.  Y. 
Watered  by  Ostelie  creek.     P.  1,206. 

CiNEY,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov.  Na- 
mur,  on  the  Haljoux.     P.  1,435. 

CiNGOLi,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  Pon- 
tif.  states,  on  the  Musone.     P.  2,440. 

CiNisELLo,  a  market  town,  Lombardy, 
P.  2,408. 

CiNisi,  a  town  of  Sicily,  near  the  coast. 
P.  3,400. 

Cinq,-Mars,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Indre-et-Loire,  near  r.  b.- 
of  the  Loire,  with  1,728  inhabs. 

CiNQUEFRONDi,  a  towu  of  Naplcs,  prov. 
Calab.  Ult.  I.     P.  3,000. 

CiNajjE-PoRTS  (The),  cos.  Kent  &  Sus- 
sex ;  had  formerly  important  privileges, 
&  consisted  of  the  five  ports,  Dover,  Sand- 
wich, Romney,  Hythe,  &  Hastings,  to 
which  were  afterwards  added  Winchelsea, 
Seaford,  &  Rye. 

CiNTEGABELLE,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Garonne,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Ariege.     P.  3,971. 

CiNTi,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  Bolivia, 
cap.  dep.     P.  2,000.     Trade  in  wines. 

CiNTRA,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov.  Es- 
tremadura,  on  the  slope  of  the  mntn. 
chain  of  Cintra,  which  terminates  at 
Cape  Roca.     P.  4,000. 

CiNTRUENiGO,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Navarra,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Alhama.  P. 
2,396.     It  has  manufs.  of  woollens. 

CioTAT  (La),  a  marit.  coinm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  B.  du  Rhone,  on  the  W. 
side  of  a  bay  in  the  Mediterranean.  P. 
4,093. 

CiRCARS  (Northern),  several  dists. 
of  British  India. 

CiRcAssiA,  a  country  comprising  the 
N.  slope  of  the  Caucasus,  &  also  a  part 
of  its  S.  slope,  now  nominally  composing 
a  part  of  the  Russian  empire.  Its  N. 
frontier  is  formed  by  the  Kuban  &  Terek 
rivs.  The  people  are,  physically,  amongst 
the  finest  of  the  human  race,  but  Very 
little  civilized,  living  partly  by  brigand- 
age, &  the  sale  of  slaves.  The  pop.  is 
various,  amounting  in  all  to  650,000. 

CiRCELLO,  a  headland  of  S.  Italy,  on 
the  Mediterr.,  near  the  S,  extremity  of 
the  Pontif.  sta.  Ht.  above  the  sea,  1,713 
feet. 

CiRCLEVLLLE,  p-t..  Cap.  of  Pickaway 
CO.  0.  The  V.  lies  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Scioto  r.  Some  manufs.,  3  newsp.,  1 
acad.     P.  3,411. 

Cirencester,  town  of  England,  co. 
Gloucester,  on  a  branch  of  the  Great 


\^ 


206 


CYCLOF^DIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[civ 


Western  railway,  &  on  the  riv.  Churn. 
It  was  a  town  of  the  anc.  Britons,  &  oc- 
cupies a  portion  of  the  site  of  the  ancient 
Koman  town,  the  walls  of  which,  about 
2  m.  in  circ,  are  still  traceable. 

CiREY,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Meurthe.     P.  2,347.     It  has  glass  works, 

&   manufs.   of    mirrors. II.    dep.    H. 

Marne,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Blaise. 

CiRiE,  a  town  of  the  Sard,  sta..  Pied- 
mont div.  prov.  Turin,  cap.  mand.,  on 
a  branch  of  the  Stura.     P.  3.353. 

Giro,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Calab. 
Ult.  II.,  dist.  Cotrone,  3  m.  from  the  Med- 
iterr.     P.  2,900. 

CisoiNG,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Nord.     P.  2,400. 

CisTERNA,  several  vills.  of  Italy. 

CisTERNiNO,  a  market  town  of  Naples, 
prov.  Bari.     P.  3,600. 

CisTRiEREs,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  II.  Loire.     P.  1,670. 

CiTARA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Principato  Cit.,  on  the  G.  of  Salerno.     P. 

2,550. II.  (or  Quibdo),  a  town  of  New 

Granada,  dep.  Cauca,  on  the  Atrato.  P. 
3,000. 

CiTEAux,  a  hamlet  of  France,  dep. 
Cute-d'Or,  arrond.,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Vouge. 

CiTHaiRON  (Mount),  a  famous  mntn. 
of  Greece,  forming  part  of  the  boundary 
between  Attica  &  Thebes.  Height  above 
the  sea  4,620  feet. 

CiTTADELLA,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  gov. 
Venice,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Brentella.  P.  6,599, 
partly  engaged  in  paper  &  wool'n  fact'ies. 

CiTTA-DELLA-PiEVE,  a  town  of  the 
Pontif.  sta.     P.  3,395. 

CiTTA  Di  Castello,  a  town  of  the  Pon- 
tif sta.,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Tiber.     P.  5,339. 

CiTTA  DucALE,  Naples.  - 

CiTTA-NuovA,  a  town  of  Illyria,  gov., 
eirc.  Triest,  on  a  headland  in  the  Adri- 
atic, with  a  good  harb.     P.  1,000. II. 

a  mkt.  town  of  Europ.  Turkey,  sanj. 
Ochrida,  on  an  alB.  of  the  Drin. 

CiTTA  Vecchia,  a  city  of  Malta,  near 
the  centre  of  the  isl.  It  stands  on  a 
limestone  hill,  in  which  extensive  cata- 
combs have  been  excavated  at  a  remote 
period.  On  its  S.W.  side  is  the  suburb 
Rabato,  in  which  is  the  grotto  of  St.  Paul. 
II.  a  seaport  &  mkt.  town,  on  an  inlet 
of  the  isl.  Lesina,  Dalmatia.     P.  3,046. 

City  Point,  a  port  of  Virginia,  at  the 
junction  of  the  James'  &  Appomattox 
rivs.,  20  m.  S.E.  Richmond.  Great  quan- 
tities of  tobacco  are  shipped  at  this 
place,  which  is  at  the  head  of  the  navig. 
on  James'  riv. 

City  West,  p-v.,  Porter  co.  la.,  on 
Lake  Michigan.     It  has  a  good  harbor. 


CiuDAD  DE  LAS  Casas,  a  towD,  Mexi- 
can confederation,  cap.  dep," Chiapas.  P. 
3,800.  It  has  a  cathed.,  sevl.  convents, 
ail  hospital,  coll.,  seminary,  &c. 

CiuDADELA,  a  city  &  seaport  of  the 
isl.  Minorca,  on  its  W.  coast.  P.  7,800. 
It  was  formerly  cap.  of  the  isl.,  &  retains 
portions  of  its  ancient  walls. 

CiuDAD  Real,  a  city  of  Spain,  cap. 
prov.  of  same  name,  &  formerly  cap.  of 
La  Mancha,  between  the  Guadiana  &  the 
Jabalon.  P.  8,300.  It  has  a  large  hos- 
pital, with  several  schools ;  its  manufs. 
'  of  woollens  &  leather,  formerly  impor- 
tant, have  greatly  declined.  Chief  com- 
merce in  wine,  fruits,  oil,  &  mules  ;  large 
annual  fair  in  August. 

CiuDAD  Real,  a  town  of  S.  Amer., 
Venezuela,  dep.  Cumanii,  on  the  Ori- 
noco. 

CiuDAD  RoDRiGO,  a  fortified  frontier 
city  of  Spain,  prov.  Salamanca,  near  r.  b. 
of  the  Agueda,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge 
of  7  arches.  P.  4,612.  It  was  taken  by 
the  Portuguese  in  1706,  by  the  French 
in  1810,  &  by  the  British  under  the  Duke 
of  Wellington  in  1812. 

CiviDALE,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  gov. 
Venice,  on  the  Natisone,  here  crossed  by 
a  bridge,  220  feet  in  length.  P.  6,027. 
Civita,  several  mkt.  towns  of  Naples. 
Civita  Castellana,  a  town-  of  the 
Pontif.  sta.  Close  to  it  are  remains  of 
the  anc.  Falerium,  with  some  sepulchral 
chambers,  &c. 

Civita  di  Penne,  a  town  of  Naples, 
prov.  Abruzzo  Ult.  I.     P.  4,000. 

Civita  Ducale,  the  most  W.  town  of 
Naples,  prov.  Abruzzo  Ult.  II.,  on  r.  b. 
of  the  Velino.     P.  3,331. 

Civita-Lavigna,  a  town  of  Centr. 
Italy,  Pontif.  sta. 

Civita  Nuova,  two  small  towns  of 
Centr.  Italy.  - 

CivitaquAna,  a  market  town  of  Na- 
ples, prov.  Abiuzzo  Ult.  I.     P.  1,920. 

Civita  Sant-Angelo,  a  town  of  Na- 
ples, prov.  Abruzzo  Ult.  I.,  cap.  cant., 
near  the  Adriatic.  P.  5,994..  It  has  an 
active  trade  in  grain,  wine,  &  oil. 

Civita  Vecchia,  the  principal  seaport 
city  of  the  Pontif.  sta.,  Central  Italy,  on 
the  Mediterranean,  38  m.  W.N.W.  Rome. 
P.  6,878.— It  i.3  enclosed  by  walls,  &  well 
built.  Two  large  moles,  enclosing  its 
harbor,  extend  seaward,  &  are  fronted 
by  another  mole.  Chief  trade  is  with 
Marseilles,  Genoa,  &  England,  from 
which  last  country  most  of  the  woven 
goods  are  received,  with  about  30,000 
quintals  of  salt  fish,  &  2,000  barrels  of 
herrings  annually.    Impt.  duties  amount 


cla] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER, 


207 


to  about  250,000Z.,  &  export  duties  to 
25,000Z.  a  year. 

CivRAY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Vienne,  on  the  Charente,  with  2,109 
inhabs. 

Clackamas,  a  county  of  Oregon.  P. 
1,859. 

Clackmannanshire,  the  smallest  co^ 
of  Scotl.,  having  S.  the  river  Forth,  &  on 
other  sides  the  cos.  Perth,  Stirling,  & 
Fife.  Area  48  sq.  m.  It  consists  chiefly 
of  the  valley  of  the  Devon,  some  rich  & 
well  cultivated  lands. 

Clackmannan,  a  town  of  Scotl.,  cap. 
CO.,  on  the  Devon,  near  its  confl.  with  the 
Forth.     P.  1,077. 

Olagenfurth,  a  town,  Illyria. 

Claggan  Bay,  Ireland,  Connaught, 
CO.  Galway.  It  affords  good  shelter  & 
anchorage  for  the  largest  vessels. 

Claiborne,  county.  Miss.,  toward  the 
S.W.  part  of  the  state  on  the  Miss,  r., 
with  Big  Black  r.  on  the  N.W.  Soil  in- 
different. Cap.  Port  Gibson.  Staple 
commod.  cotton.     1  college,  3  acad.     P. 

14,941. II.  parish.  La.,  in  the  N.W. 

part  of  the  state,  &  bounded  W.  on  Red 
r.  It  has  Lakes  Bisteneaux  &  Bodeau. 
The  CO.  consists  mostly  of  fine  land.    Cap. 

Overton.      4    acad.      P.   7,471. III. 

county,  Tenn.,  toward  the  N.E.  part  of 
the  state.  Surface  mountainous.  Wa- 
tered by  head  branches  of  Tenn.  r.  Cap. 
Tazewell.  It  produces  wheat,  Ind.  corn, 
&  tobacco.  Forges  &  distilleries.  P. 
9,369. 

Clairac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Lot-et- Garonne,  on  the  Lot.  P. 
2,399. 

Clairvaux,  a  comm.  &  hamlet  of 
France,  dep.  &  on  the  Aube.     P.  2,030. 

Clais,  a  comtn.  &  market-town  of 
France,  dep.  Is&re.     P.  1,710. 

Clamart,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine.  Extens.  stone  quarries  in  its 
vicinity. 

Clamecy,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Nievre,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Yonne  &  Beuvron.     P.  5,2.57. 

Clane,  a  town  of  Irel.,  Leinster,  co. 
Kildare.  The  town  is  on  the  Liffey,  here 
crossed  by  a  6-arched  bridge. 

Clanwilliam,  a  dist.  in  the  N.W.  of 
the  Cape  Colony,  S.  Africa.  Area  22,111 
sq.  m.  P.  9,416.  It  is  traversed  N.  to 
to  S.  by  the  Karree  Berg  &  Cedar  Berg 
mountains,  &  watered  by  the  Oliphant 
&  its  tributaries. —  Clanwilliam,  vill.,  cap. 
of  the  dist.,  is  situated  on  the  rt.  b.  of  the 
Oliphant  river. 

Clar  (St.),  France.     [Claire  St.] 

Clara,  a  market  town  of  Irel.,  Lein- 


ster, Kings  CO.,  near  the  Brosna,  which 
here  works  exten.  corn  mills.      P.  1,155. 

Clara,  one  of  the  Mergui  isls.  off  the 
Canaries ;  &  a  town  of  the  isl.  Cuba. 

Clara  (Santa),  an  islet  of  S.  Amer., 
Ecuador,  dep.  &  in  the  gulf  of  the  Guay- 
aquil.  II.  a  settlement.  Upper  Cali- 
fornia, 20  m.  S.  San  Francisco,  near  the 
coast. 

Clah-de-Lomagne  (St.),  a  comm.  & 
town  of  France,  dep.  Gers.     P.  1,638. 

Clare,  a  marit.  co.  of  Irel.,  Muuster, 
having  W.  the  Atlantic.  P.  (in  1841) 
286,394,  (in  1851)  212,720.  Surface  hilly, 
with  some  tracts  of  lev.  land  ;  coast  preeip. 
Princip.  r.  the  Fergus.  Small  lakes  are 
numerous.  Soil  fertile  in  the  low  lands. 
Princip.  crops,  potatoes,  oats,  &  barley. 

II.   (or   Clare- Morris),  Connaught, 

CO.  Mayo.  15  m.  S.E.  Castlebar.  P.  2,256. 

III.   (or  Clara),   an  isl.  oflF  the  W. 

coast  of  Irel.,  Connaught,  co.  Mayo,  &  at 
the  entrance  of  Clew  bay.  Surface 
mountainous,  its  highest  point  rising  to 

1,520  ft.  above  the  sea. IV.  a  riv.  of 

Connaught,  co.  Galway,  after  a  S.-ward 
course  of  about  32  m.,  enters  Lake  Corrib. 

Claremont,  t.,  Sullivan  co.  N.  H.,  on 
Conn.  r.    A  fine  agricultural  t.,  with  some 

manufs       1  newsp.      P.  3,750. II.   a 

domain  &  royal  pal.  of  Engl.,  co.  Surrey. 

Clarence,  p-t.,  Erie  co.  N.Y. ;  drained 
by  Ransom's  &  Tonawanda  cr.     1  acad. 

P.  2,271. II.    a  vill.  of  Greece. 

(Island),  S.  Amer.,  W.  of  Tierra  del  Fu- 
ego.  Length  E.  to  W.  52  m. ;  breadth 
23  m.  It  is  rocky  &  greatly  indented  by 
bays. — (Island),  Pacific  0.,  N.  of  Navi-' 
gator  isl. — (Ilarb.  or  Port),  Russian 
America,  on  E.  side  of  Behring  strait,  45 
m.  S.E.  Cape  Prince  of  Wales. — (Peak), 
Fernando  Po  isl.,  is  10,700  ft.  above  the 
sea,.— (River),  E.  Australia,  enters  the 
Pacific  at  Shoal  bay. — (Strait),  Persian 
gulf,  betw.  the  isl.  Kishm  &  the  mainland, 
varies  in  breadth  from  3  to  13  m.,  &  is 
studded  with  isls. 

C  LAREND  ON,  t.,  Rutland  co.  Vt.,  watered 
by  other  crs.  Some  water  power.  Marble 
is  found  here.  P.  1,549. II.  p-t.,  Or- 
leans CO.  N.  Y.  Drained  by  several  crs. 
Surface  broken.     P.  2,251. 

Clarens,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Vaud,  on  the  lake  of  Geneva. 

Claridon,  p-t.,  Geauga  co.  0.  Graz- 
ing town.     P.  1,200. II.  t.  Marion  co. 

0.     P.  1,487. 

Clarion,  county,  Pa.,  in  the  N.W.  part 
of  the  state.  Contains  530  sq.  m.  It 
has  the  Alleghany  r.  on  the  S.AV.,  Red 
Bank  cr.  on  the  S.,  &  drained  centrally 
by  Clariob,  or  Toby's  r.  &  branches.    The 


208 


CYCLOPEDIA.    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[CLA 


southern  portion  is  moderately  undulat- 
ing &  fertile,  the  northern  part,  uneven 
&  rough,  abounding  in  iron  ore  &  pine 
timber.     There   are   II   furnaces  in    the 

county.    P.  23,565. II.  p-t.  &  cap.  of 

Clarion  co.  Pa.  Surface  hilly.  Watered 
by  several  crs.  The  usual  co.  buildings. 
III.  r.,  Pa.,  75  m.  long. 

Clark,  county,  Oregon.     P.  643. 

Clarke,  county,  Va.,  situated  in  the 
N.E.  part  of  the  state,  &  contains  225  sq. 
m.  The  Shenandoah  r.  passes  centrally 
through  it.  Surface,  diversified.  It  has 
the  Blue  Ridge  on  the  E.  Soil,  first  rate. 
Cap.  Berryville.  Staple  commod.  wheat 
&  Ind.  corn.     Tanneries    &    distillerie.s. 

8  acad.     P.  7,352. II.  county,   G-a.. 

situated  centrally  in  the  N.  part  of  the 
state,  &  contains  414  sq.  m.  Watered  by 
branches  of  Oconee  riv.  Cap.  Athens. 
Staple  commodity,  cotton.  Distilleries, 
grist  &  saw  mills.    1  college.    7  acad.    P. 

11,119. III.  county,   Ala.,    situated 

between  the  Tombigbee  &  Alabama  rivs. 
in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  state.  &  contains 
1,200  sq.  m.  The  surface  is  uneven,  & 
the  soil  indifferent.  Cap.  Macon.  A  cot- 
ton growing  co.     5  acad.     P.  9,786. 

IV.  county,  Miss.,  situated  toward  the 
E.  border  of  the  state,  &  contains  650  sq. 
m.  Watered  by  Chickasawha  river  & 
branches.  Surface  generally  level.  Cap. 
Quitman.  Staple  commod.  cotton.  P. 
5,477. V.  county,  Ky.,  situated  cen- 
trally in  the  E.  part  of  the  state,  having 
Kentucky  r.  on  its  S.  border.  It  contains 
about  300  sq.  m.  Capital,  Winchester. 
Staple  commod.  Ind.  corn,  &  flax  &  hemp, 
Distilleries,    &   woollen    &   rope  fac.     2 

acad.     P.    12,688. VI.    county,    0., 

situated  toward  the  S.W.  part  of  the 
state,  &  contains  412  sq.  m.  It  has  a 
very  fertile  soil.  AVatered  by  Mad  riv., 
Beaver  &  Buck  crs.  The  national  road 
runs  through  the  co.,  as  will  also  the  Mad 
r.  &  Lake  Brie  railroad.  Capital,  Spring- 
field. The  common  agricultural  fruits, 
with  some  hops  &  sugar.  Distilleries, 
tanneries,  potteries,  &  woollen  fac,  &  oil 

mills.    1  newsp.     1  acad.    P.  22,178. 

VII.  county,  la.,  in  the  S.E.  part  of  the 
state,  on  the  Ohio  r.  Cap.  Charleston. 
Chief  prod,  wheat,  Ind.  corn,  oats,  with 
consid.  sugar.      Some   manufs.     6  acad. 

P.  15,828. VIII.  county.  111.,  in  the  , 

E.  part  of  the  state.  Contains  1,080  sq. 
m.  Cap.  Marshall.    Common  agricultural 

prod.     P.  9,532. IX.  county,  Mo.,  in 

the  N.E.  part  of  the  state,  on  the  Miss. 
river.  Cap.  Waterloo.  Drained  by  Fox 
&  Wyaoonda  rivs.  Chief  prod,  wheat, 
Ind.  corn,  &  tobacco.     1  acad.     P.  5,527. 


X.  county.  Ark.,  toward  the  S.  part 

of  the  state.  Watered  by  Wachita  riv. 
Surface  uneven.  Cap.  Greenville.  Ind. 
corn  &  cotton.  P.  4,011. XI.  t.,  Lin- 
coln CO.  Mo.     P.  1,218. XII.  t..  Cole 

CO.  Mo.     P.  853. XIII.  t..  Gasconade 

CO.  Mo.    P.  621. XIV.  t.,  Johnson  co. 

Ark. — -XV.  t.,  Brown  co.  0.     P.  1,290*.A»*. 

XVI.   t.,    Montgomery   CO.    la. " 

XVII.  t.,  Clinton  co.  0.     P.  1,297. 

Clarksburg,  p-v.,  cap.  Harrison  co. 
Va.,  on  the  Monongahela  r.  The  usual 
county  buildings.    1  newsp.     P.  800. 

II.  p-v.,  cap.  Louis  co.  Ky.,  on  Salt  cr., 
4  m.  S.  of  the  Ohio  r.  The  usual  county 
buildings. III.  t.,  Berkshire  co.  Mass. 

Clarksfield,  p-t.,  -Huron  co.  0.,  on. 
Vermillion  r.     P.  1,437. 

Clarkson,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.  N.Y.,  drain- 
ed by  Little  Salmon  &  Sandy  crs.  The 
V.  is  on  the  Ridge  road.  Some  manufs., 
1  acad.     P.  4,556. 

Clark's  River,  Oregon  terr.,  rising  in 
the  Rocky  mtns.,  and  after  a  N.W.-ward 
course  of  500  ms.,  joins  the  Columbia. 
In  its  course,  it  expands  into  a  lake  35 
m.  in  length,  and  at  its  mouth  is  nearly 
as  large  as  the  Columbia. 

Clarkstown,  p-t.,  cap.  Rockland  co. 
N.  Y.     It  is  bounded  B.  by  the  Hudson,    » 
and  has  Rockland  lake  on  the  N.     The 
usual  county  buildings.     P.  3,111. 

Clarksville,  t.,  Coos  co.  N.  H.  It 
was  granted  to  Dartmouth  col' ge  in  1789. 
II.  t.,  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.  P.  668. 

III.  p-v.,  cap.  Habersham  co.  Ga.    The 

usual  county  buildings.     1  acad. IV. 

cap.  Clark  co.  Ala.     It  has  a  court-house. 

V.  p-v.,  cap.  Montgomery  co.  Tenn., 

situated  at  the  junction  of  Red  r.,  with 
Cumberland  r.   It  contains  a  court-house, 

3  churches,   1   acad.,  &  2  banks. VI. 

p-v.,  cap.  Johnson  co.  Ark.  3  m.  N.  of 
Arkansas  r. 

Clary,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Nord.     P.  2,230. 

Clashmore,  a  vill.  of  Irel.,  Munster, 
CO.  Waterford.     P.  3,777. 

Clatsop,  county,  Oregon  terr.    P.  462. 

Claud  (St.),  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Charente,  cap.  cant.,  on 
r.  h.  of  the  Son.     P.  2,000. 

Claude  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Jura,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  Bienne  and  Tacon.     P.  4,460. 

Clausthal,  a  town  of  Hanover,  cap.  a 
dist.  in  the  Harz.  P.  9,799.  It  is  situ'a-  m 
ated  on  a  hill,  1,740  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  It  is  the  chief  mining  town 
of  the  Harz.  Near  it  are  the  principal 
lead  &  silver  mines  in  the  Harz. 

Cavehack,   t.,  Columbia  co.    N.   Y., 


cle] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


209 


watered  by  Claveraek  cr.  A  woollen  &  a 
cotton  fiic.     I  acad.     P.  3,208. 

Clay,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the 
S.E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  880 
sq.  in.  Drained  by  the  S.W.  fork  of 
Kentucky  r.  The  soil  is  generally  light. 
Salt  springs  and  mineral  coal  are  found 
in  the  co.  Capital,  Manchester.  The 
common  prod,  is  tobacco ;  sugar,  salt,  & 
bituminous  cqal  are  produced.    Tanneries 

&  distilleries.      P.  5,421. II.  county, 

la.,  situated  in  the  W.  part  of  the  state, 
contains  360  sq.  m.  It  contains  good 
land  for  cultivation,  &  large  portions  cov- 
ered with  heavy  timber.  In  the  S.W. 
part  are  some  beautiful  prairies.  Water- 
ed by  Eel  r.  and  its  branches.  Capital, 
Bowling  Green.  Ind.  corn,  tobacco,  & 
sugir.       Tanneries    &    distilleries.      P. 

4,289 III.  county.  111.     Situated   in 

the  S.E.  part  of  the  state.  It  contains 
475  sq.  m.  Surface  level,  soil  fertile. 
Drained  by  Little  Wabash  r.  Capital 
Lewisville.  Common  agricultural  prod., 
with  some  sugar,  tobacco,  &  cotton.     P. 

5,139. IV.  county,   Mo.     Situated  in 

the  N.W.  part  of  the  state,  on  the  N.  side 
of  the  Missouri  r.  It  contains  432  sq.  m. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  &  the  soil  ex- 
cel lent.  Drained  by  Fishing  and  a  branch 
of  Little  Platte  rivers.  Capital,  Liberty. 
Staple  comuiod.,  Ind.  corn  '&  tobacco. 
Tanneries,    distilleries,    &    saw    &    grist 

mills.     2newsp.,  1  acad.     P.  10,372. 

V.  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  Soil  pro- 
ductive.    P.  3,402. VI.  p-t.,  St.  Clair 

00.  Mich.     P.  400.^ VII.  t.,  Lafayette 

CO.  Mo.     P.  1,305. VIII.  t.,  Ralls  co. 

Mo.     P.  1,049. IX.  t.,  Tuscarawas  co. 

0.,  on  the  Ohio  canal  &  Muskingum  r. 
P.  864. X.  t.,  Scioto  CO.  0.  It  con- 
tains rich  bottom  land.     P.  696. XI. 

t.,  Montgomery  co.  0.    P.  1,633. XII. 

t.,  Highland  co.  0. XIII.  t.,  Hamilton 

CO.  la. XIV.  t.,  Allen  co.  0. XV. 

t..    Gallia  CO.    0.      P.   745. XVI.  t., 

Knox  CO.  0.    1  acad.   P.  1,302. XVII. 

t.,  Owen  CO.  la.     P.  804. XVIII.  t., 

Wayne  co.  la.     P.  923. 

Claye,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Seine-et-Marne.     P.  1,108. 

Clavette  (La),  a  comm.  &,  town  of 
France,  dep.  SaOne-et-Loire.     P.  1,221. 

Claylane,  a  tnshp.  of  England,  co. 
Derby.     P.  1,478. 

Clayton,  county,  Iowa.  In  N.  part  of 
state  drained  by  Turkey  r.  Some  lead 
mines  have  been  found.  Capital,  Prairie 
la  Porte.  The  common  agricultural  pro- 
ducts, with  consid.  sugar.     P.  3,873. 

II.  p-t.,  Jefferson  CO.  N.  Y.  Bounded  on 
the  N.W.  by  St.  Lawrence  r. ;  drained  by 


Chaumont  r.  &  French  cr.     P.  4,191. . 

III.  cap.  Rabon  co.  Ga.  Situated  at  the 
base  of  the  Blue  ridge.  The  usual  county 
buildings.  1  acad. IV.  p-v.,  cap.  Bar- 
bour CO.  Ala.  It  contains  a  court-house. 
— V.  t.  Perry  co.  0.     P. . 

Claytonville,  p-v.,  cap.  Henderson 
CO.  N.  C.  It  has  a  court-house,  jail,  & 
acad. 

Clear  Creek,  town,  Fairfield  co.  0. 

II.  town,    Warren    co.  0.      A  good 

farming    town.       P.    2,882. III.    t., 

Richiaud  co.  0. 

Clearfield,  co.  Penn.  Situated  cen- 
trally toward  the  W.  part  of  the  state. 
It  contains  1,425  sq.  m.  Rough  &  sterile. 
Cap.  Clearfield.  The  common  agricul- 
tural products.     Tanneries  &  distilleries. 

1  newsp.     P.  12,586. II.  t.,  Butler  co. 

Penn.  P.  1,113. III.  p-v.,  cap.  Clear- 
field CO.  Penn.  Situated  on  a  branch  of 
the  Susquehanna  r.    It  has  a  court-house. 

IV.    t.,    Cambria    co.    Penn. V. 

creek,  Penn.  A  consid.  branch  of  the 
W.  fork  of  the  Susquehanna. 

Clear  Spring,  t-.,  Legrange  co.  la. 

Clear- Water,  Riyer,  British  North 
America. 

Clecy,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  townof  France, 
dep.  Calvados,  near  1.  b.  of  the  Orne.  P. 
2,028. 

Cleden,  two  comms.  &  mkt.  towns  of 
France,  dep.  Finist^re. 

Clees  (Le),  a  pa.  &  vill.  of  Switzerl'd, 
cant.  Vaud. 

Cleguerec,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Morbihan,  cap.  cant.  P. 
3,434. 

Clement  (St.),  numerous  comms.  & 
vills.  of  France. 

Clemente    (San),    a  town  of  Spain, 

prov.   Cuenca.      P.   3,120. II.    a  vill. 

of  Naples,  prov.  T.  di   Lavoro. III. 

an  isl.,  Pacific  ocean,  ofi"  the  coast  of  Upp. 
California. 

Cleobury-Mortimee,  a  market  town 
of  Engl.,  CO.  Salop. 

Clercken,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium, 
prov.  W.  Flanders.     P.  2,845. 

Clerkenwell,  a  large  dist.  and  out 
pn.  of  city  of -London,  co.  Middlesex.  P. 
56,756. 

Clermont,  county,  0.  Situated  in  S. 
W.  part  of  state,  on  the  Ohio  r.  Land 
rich,  but  some  of  it  too  wet  for  cultiva- 
tion. Watered  by  a  branch  of  the  Little 
Miami  r.  Cap.  Batavia.  Staple  corn- 
mod.,  wheat  &  Indian  corn,  some  tobac- 
co.    Tanneries  &  distilleries.     2  newsp. 

2  acads.  P.  30,455. II.  p-t.,  Colum- 
bia CO.  N.  Y.  On  the  E.  side  of  Hudson 
r.    Watered  by  Anacram  cr.     The  v.  is 


210 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[CLI 


on  the  road  between  N.  Y.  &  Albany. 
1  acad.     P.  1,130. 

Clermont,  ser.  comms.,  towns,  &  vills. 

of  France. 1,  dep.  Oise,  cap.  arrond., 

on  the  route  betw.  Paris  &  Amiens.     P. 

3,105. II.  {de  Lodeve),  dep.  Herault. 

P.   5,700.      Manufs.  of  coarse  woollens. 

III.  {en  Argonnc),  dep.  Meuse,  cap. 

cant.     P.  1,450. 

Clermont-Ferrand,  a  comm.  &  city 
of  France,  cap.  dep.  Puy-de-Dome.  P. 
.26,738.  It  has  a  university,  academy, 
normal  school,  &  botanic  garden,  a  cham- 
ber of  commerce,  &  school  of  design.  It 
is  composed  of  two  towns,  Clermont  & 
Mont-Ferrand. 

Clermontois,  a  small  dist.  of  France, 
in  the  old  prov.  Lorraine. 

Clermont-Tonnere,  an  isl.  Pacific 
ocean.  Low.  island  group,  lat.  18°  32' 
49"  S. 

Clerval,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Doubs,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Doubs.  P. 
1,260. 

Clery,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Loiret,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Loire.     P.  2,570. 

Cleveland,  city,  p-t.  of  entry,  &  the 
cap.  Cuyahoga  co.  0.  Cleveland  is  the 
emporium  of  Northern  Ohio  &  next  to 
Cincinnati,  the  most  important  town  in 
the  state.  It  possesses  a  commanding 
situation  on  Lake  Erie  at  the  mouth  of 
Cuyahoga  river,  &  the  northern  termina- 
tion of  the  Ohio  canal,  by  which  it  is  con- 
nected with  the  Ohio  riv.  P.  in  1825 — 
500;  in  1850—17,034.  The  city  is  situ- 
ated principally  on  a  plain  about  80  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  lake.  The  streets 
are  80  ft.  wide,  &  Main  street  passing 
through  the  middle  of  the  place,  120  feet 
.  wide.  The  streets  cross  at  right  angles. 
Near  the  centre  of  the  place  is  a  public 
square  of  10  acres  divided  into  4  equal 
parts  by  intersecting  streets.  The  harbor 
of  Cleveland,  one  of  the  best  on  Lake 
Erie,  is  formed  by  the  mouth  of  the  Cuy- 
ahoga riv.,  &  improved  by  a  pior  on  each 
side,  extending  425  yards  into  the  lake, 
200  feet  apart  &  faced  with  substantial 
masonry.  The  natural  advantages  of 
this  place  are  unsurpassed  in  the  West. 
It  has  an  extensive  commerce.  The  fol- 
lowing are  the  statistics  of  1851 : — Its  do- 
mestic imports  have  been  S9, 262, 657  20; 
its  exports,  $9,817,897  28.  Its  foreign 
imports  have  been,  $314,188  94;  its  ex- 
ports, $311,336  68.  Amount  of  duties 
received,  $94,568  98.  Among  its  domes- 
tic exports  have  been  659,940  bbls.  flour; 
2,141.913  bushels  wheat ;  906,653  bushs. 
corn,  valued  at  $3,898,130  90.  Wool, 
26,261  bales,  val'd  at  $1,969,575.  Among 


its  imports  815  tons  copper,  valued  at 
$285,250.  Its  navigation  interest  is 
large.  Tonnage,  3,607,050.  Manufs. 
consid.     Several  acads.  &   many  schools. 

II.  county,  N.  C,  iu  S.W.  part  of  the 

state  ;    contains   550  sq.  m.     Drained  by 

Broad  riv.    Cap.  Shelby.    P.  10,396. 

III.  p-v.,  cap.  Bradley  co.  Tenn. 

Cleves,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Pru.ssia, 
reg.  Dusseldorf,  cap.  circ,  near  the  Rhine, 
&  the  Netherland  frontier.  P.  8,000.  It 
stands  on  a  declivity  (whence  its  name), 
&  is  neatly  built  in  the  Dutch  style.  It 
has  a  college,  with  manufs.  of  silk  & 
woollen  fabrics,  hats,  leather,  hosiery, 
&c. 

Clew  Bay,  Irel.,  Connaught,  co.  Mayo, 
is  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic  ;  it  extends 
inland  for  about  15  m.,  with  a  nearly  uni- 
form breadth  of  8  m. 

Cley  near  the  Sea,  a  small  seaport 
of  Engl.,  CO.  Norfolk. 

Clichy-la-Garonne,  a  comm.  &  vill. 
of  France,  dep.  &  on  r.  b.  of  the  Seine. 
P.  5,425.  It  has  important  manufs.  of 
chemical  products. 

Clifden,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland, 
Connaught,  dist.  Connemara,  co.  Galway, 
on  an  inlet  of  Ardbear  harbor.    P.  1,509. 

Clifton,  Green  CO.  0.     It  has  extens. 

water  power. II.  a  watering  place  of 

Engl.,  CO.  Gloucester.     P.  14,177. 

Clifton  Park,  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  has 
the  Mohawk  riv.  on  the  S.     P.  2,719. 

Clinch,  river,   200  m.  long,  &  uniting 

with  the  Holston  forms  the  Tennessee. 

II.  t.,  Van  Buren  co.  Mich. 

Clinton,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  in 
the  N.E.  part  of  the  state,  &  contains  932 
sq.  m.  It  has  Lower  Canada  on  its  N., 
&  Lake  Camplain  on  its  E.  border.  Iron 
ore  of  a  superior  quality  is  found.  Wa- 
tered by  Saranae,  Chazy  &  Great  &  Little 
Ausable  rivers,  which  afford  extensive 
water-power.  Lake  Champlain  aflfords 
great  facilities  for  trade.  Capital,  Platts- 
burg.  A  good  agricultural  co.  Chf.  pro- 
ducts wheat,  Indian  corn,  &  potatoes. 
Numerous  sheep  &  swine  are  reared. 
Manufs.  of  iron,  woollens,  cottons,  leather, 
&c.,  170  saw  mills.     3  acad.     P.  40,047. 

II.  county,  Pa.     Situated  in  the  N. 

part  of  the  state,  contains  840  sq  m.  The 
W.  branch  of  the  Susquehanna  riv.  passes 
centrally  through  it.  Surface  mntnous., 
soil  first-rate  on  margins  of  streams.  Cap. 
Lock  Haven.  Staple  products  wheat  & 
bituminous  coal.  Manufs.  of  iron&  leath- 
er.    2   newspapers.     P.    11,207. III. 

county,  Ky.  Situated  on  the  S.  border 
of  the  state,  &  contains  200  square  miles. 
Drained   by  several  small  branches   of 


col] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


211 


Cumberland  river.  Surface  diversified, 
soil  fertile,  Cap.  Albany.  Staple  corn- 
mod,  tobacco,  some  cotton  A  sugar  ;  dis- 
tilleries.    1  acad.     P.  4,889. IV.  co., 

0.  Situated  in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  state. 
&  contains  400  sq.  m.  The  surface  is  level, 
&  the  soil  is  fertile.  It  is  particularly 
adapted  to  Indian  corn  &  grass.  Salt  is 
found  in  the  S.W.  part.  Watered  by 
branches  of  Little  Miami  r.,  which  afford 
good  water  power.  Cap.  Wilmington. 
Staple  commod.  wheat,  Indian  corn  & 
sugar.  Tanneries  &  woollen  factories.     2 

newspapers.      P.    18,838. V.   county, 

Mich.  Situated  in  the  central  part  of  the 
state,  &  contains  576  sq.  m.  Drained  N. 
by  Maple  river,  &  S.  by  Looking-glass  r., 
&  branches.  It  has  a  level  surface,  &  a 
good  soil.  Capital,  De  AVitt.  An  agri- 
cultural county.   Considerable  sugar.    P. 

5,102. VI.   county,    la.      Situated   a 

little  N.W.  of  the  centre  of  the  state,  & 
contains  432  square  miles.  Drained  by 
branches  of  Wildcat  &  Sugar  crs.  The 
soil  is  fertile  &  well  timbered,  except 
"  The  Twelve  Mile  Prairie."  Capital, 
Frankfort.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  &  su- 
gar are "  produced.     P.   11,869. VII. 

county.  111.  Situated  in  the  S.  part  of 
the  state,  &  contains  480  sq.  m.  Surface 
undulating,  soil  fertile.  Kaskaskia  riv. 
passes  centrally  through  it.     Cap.  Car- 

lyle.  Agricultural  county.  P.  5,139. 

VIII.  county.  Mo.  Situated  in  the  N.W. 
part  of  the  state,  &  contains  425  sq.  m. 
The  surface  is  level  &  two  thirds  of  it 
prairie.  Soil  very  fertile.  Drained  by 
branches  of  Little  Platte  riv.  Capital 
Plattsburg.     A   farming   co.      P.  3,786. 

IX.  county,  Iowa,  in  the  E.  part  of 

the  state,  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Mississippi,  drained  by  several  creeks. 
The  common  agricultural  products.     P. 

2,822.      Cap.    Camanche. X.  town, 

Kennebec  co.  Me.,  having  Kennebec  riv. 
on  its  AY.  border.  Extensive  water-power. 
Soil  adapted  to  grain  or  grazing.  The 
V.  is  situated  on  Sebasticook  river,  &  has 

some   manufs.      P.  2,818. XI.  town, 

Middlesex  co.  Conn.     P.  1,239. XII. 

t.,  Dutchess  CO.  N.  Y.     Hilly  &  gravelly. 

P.  1,830. XIII.  p-v.,  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. 

Situated  on  both  sides  of  Oriskany  creek. 
Hamilton  college  is  located  here.  It  has 
a  president,  6  professors,  about  100  stu- 
dents, &  a  library  of  9,000  vols.    P.  800. 

XIA''.  t.,  Essex  CO.  N.  J.    P.  1,976. 

.  XV.  t.,  AVayne  co.  Penn. XA''I.  t., 

Lycoming  eo.  Penn.  It  lies  in  a  bend  of 
the  W.  branch  of  the  Susquehanna.     P. 

P.  1,193. XVII.    p-v.,   Lenawee   eo. 

Mich.,  on  a  branch  of  the   river  Eaisin. 


Good  water  power.     P.  600. XVIII. 

p-v.,  cap.  Hickman  co  Ky.  Situated  on 
the  N.  side  of  Bayou  de  Sha.    It  contains 

a  court-house. XIX.  cap.  Sampson  co. 

N.  C.     Situated  on  a  branch  of  Black  r. 

It  contains   a  court-house. XX.  p-v., 

cap.    Jones   co.    Gra.     A  court-house.      1 

acad. -XXI.  p-v.,  Hinds  county,  Miss. 

Mississippi  college  is  located  here.  1  fe- 
male seminary. XXII.  p-v.,  cap.  Van 

Buren  co.  Ark.  Situated  on  Little  Red  r. 

XXJII.  p-v.,   cap.  Anderson  county, 

Tenn.    Situated  on  the  N.  bank  of  Clinch 

river.     It   contains    a   court-house. 

XXIV.  p-t.,  Vermillion  co.  la.  P.  1,296. 
The  V.  is  situated  on  the  AV.  bank  of  the 

Wabash  riv. XXV.  cap.   De  Witt  co. 

111.      Situated  on  Salt  creek,  a  branch 

of  the  Sangamon. XXVI.  t.,  Macomb 

CO.  Mich.,  bordering  on  Lake   St.  Clair, 

watered  by  Red  riv.     2  newspapers. 

XXVII.  t.,  Franklin  co.  0. XXVIII. 

t.,  Putnam  eo.  la.     P.  1,218. XXIX. 

v.,  cap.  Rives  co.  Mo.     Situated  near  the 

N.  bank  of  Grand  river. XXX.  town, 

Jackson  co.  0.     P.  824. XXXI.  town, 

Seneca   co.    0.     2  newspapers.     P.  219. 

XXXII.  Shelby  co.  0.  1  newspaper. 

P.  783. XXXIII.  t.,  Franklin  county, 

0.     P.  966. XXXIV.  t.,  AVayne  co.  0. 

P.  873. XXXV.  p-t.,  Knox  co.  0.    P. 

920. 

Clintonville,  p-v.,  Clinton  co.  N.  Y. 
Extensive  iron  works. 

Clion,  twe  comms.  &  vills.  of  France. 

1,  dep.  Loire  Inf.     P.  2,110. II. 

dep.  Indre.     P.  1,600. 

Clisheim,  or  Cusseval,  the  highest 
mountain  in  the  outer  Hebrides,  Scotland, 
isl.  Harris.     Height,  2,700  feet. 

CussA,  a  small  fortified  town  of  Dal- 
matia. 

Clisson,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Loire  Inf.  P.  1,372.  Manufs.  wool- 
len cloths,  paper,  &  yarn. 

CuTHEROE,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  Lancaster,  on  the  Ribble,  at  the  base 
of  Pendle  hill  (which  rises  to  1,800  feet 
.above  the  sea).     P.  11,324. 

Clogheen,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  co.  Tipperary.     P.  2,049. 

Clonakilty,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  co.  Cork,  on  the  Foilagh,  near 
its  mouth  in  Clonakilty  bay.  P.  3,993. 
Town  once  flourishing,  but  now  in  decay. 

Clonderalaw  Bay,  Ireland,  Munster, 
CO.  Clare. 

Clones,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland,  Ulster, 
CO.  Monaghan,  &  near  the  Ulster  canal. 
P.  2,877. 

Clonmel,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Munster, 
on  the  Limerick  &  Waterford  railway,  & 


212 


CTCLOPJEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[COE 


on  both  banks  of  the  Suir,  &  some  isls.  in 
that  riv.,  its  several  parts  connected  by 

5  bridges. 

Clontarf,  a  small  town  of  Ireland. 
Leinster,  co.  &  3  m.  E.N.E.  Dublin,  on 
the  jST.  side  of  its  bay. 

Clonthal,  a  lake  of  Svyitzerland,  in  the 
beautiful  val.  of  Sisme  name,  cant.Glarus. 

Clotze,  a  vill.  of  Pruss.  Saxonj',  reg. 
Magdeburg.     P.  2,320. 

Cloud  (St.),  acomm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  on  the  slope  of  a  hill 
near  1.  b.  of  the  Seine,  &  on  the  railway 
f.om  Paris  to  Versailles.  P.  3,051.  The 
flue  chateau  of  St.  Cloud,  originally  the 
property  of  the  dukes  of  Orleans,  Tvas 
long  the  favorite  summer  residence  of 
the  kings  of  France  ;  it  has  an  extensive 
park  &  elegant  fountains. 

Cloyd,  a  riv.  N.  Wales,  cos.  Denbigh 

6  Flint. 

Cloves,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Euve-et-Loire,  cap.  cant.,  on  1.  b.  of 
the  Loire.     P.  2,080. 

Cloyne,  a  market  town,  &  formerly 
an  episcopal  city,  Ireland,  Munster,  co. 
Cork. 

Clugnat,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Creuse,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Veraux.  P. 
2,120. 

Cluis,  two  eontig.  vills.  of  France,  dep. 
Indre.     United  pop.  1,950. 

Clun,  a  market  town  of  England,  co. 
Salop,  on  a  small  riv.  of  same  name. 

Cluny,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
deps.  SaOne-et-Loire,  cap.  cant.,  on  1.  b. 
of  the  Grune,  here  crossed  by  two  stone 
bridges.     P.  3,467. 

Cluses,  a  town  of  Savoy,  prov.'  Fau- 
cigny,  cap.  mand.  near  rt.  b.  of  Arve. 

Clusonb,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  near 
the  Serio.     P.  3,200.     In  the  vicinity  are 

copper  foundries  &  vitriol  works. II. 

a  riv.    (anc.    Cluso),    Sard,   states,   div. 
Turin. 

Clwyp,  a  small  river  of  N.  Wales. 

Clyde,  p-v.,  Wayne  co.  N.  Y.  P.  1,000. 
II.  one  of  the  largest  &  most  impor- 
tant rivs.  in  Scotland.  It  takes  its  rise 
from  numerous  streams  flowing  from  the 
mountain  range  in  S.  part  of  Lanarkshire, 
&  expands  into  ajirth  averaging  about 
32  m.  in  width,  &  at  the  distance  of  48  m. 
becomes  identified  with  the  N.  channel. 

L.  75  m. III.  riv.  in  Wayne  co.  N.  Y., 

falling  into  Seneca  lake.     L.  20  m. 

Clymer,  p-t.,  Chautauque  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
1,127. 

,  Clythe-ness,  a  headland  of  Scotland, 
on  the  German  ocean,  co.  Caithness. 

CoA,  a  riv.  of  Portugal,  prov.  Beira. 


Coahoma,  co..  Miss.,  jn  the  N.W.  part 
of  the  state.  Area,  680  sq.  m.  Surface 
level  &  low.    Chf.  prod,  cotton.    P.  2,780. 

CoAHUiLA,  or  Cohauila,  a  dep.  of 
Mexican  confederation,  separated  JST.  & 
N.E.  from  Texas  by  the  Rio  Bravo  del 
Norte,  &  having  on  other  sides  the  deps. 
Nuevo-Leon,  Zacatecas,  &  Durango. 
Area,  30,740  sq.  m.  P.  75,340.  Surface 
of  N.  part  mntnous.,  with  fertile  valleys. 
It  has  some  silver  mines.  S.  part  level 
&  fitted  for  pasturage ;  &  catlle  rearing 
is  the  chief  branch  of  industry.  Chief 
towns,  Saltilla,  Coahuila,  &  Santa  Rosa. 
— Coahuila,  or  Montelovez,  is  a  consider- 
able town  in  the  above  dep.,  130  m.  N.W. 
Monterey.     P.  3,600. 

Coal,  t.,  Northumberland  co.  Pa.  P. 
914. 

Coanza,  a  riv.  of  W.  Africa,  Lower 
Guinea,  enters  the  Atlantic  after  a  rapid 
course  of  500  m. 

Coarraze,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Pyrenees.  P.  1,388.  Linen 
weaving. 

CoATZAcoALcos,  a  considerable  river 
of  Mexican  confed.,  rises  in  the  Sierra 
Madre,  dep.  Oaxaca,  flows  tortuously  N. 
between  Vera  Cruz  &  Tabasco,  &  enters 
the  bay  of  Coatzacoalcos  (Caribbean  sea), 
130  m.  S.E.  Vera  Cruz.  It  is  of  interest 
as  connected  with  the  projected  commu- 
nication across  the  isthmus.  [Isthmus 
OF  Panama.] 

CoAzzE,  a  mkt.  town  of  the  Sardinian 
states,  div.  Turin.     P.  3,996. 

Coban,  a  city  of  Central  America,  state 
&  90  m.  N.N.W.  Guatemala,  cap.  dep. 
Vera  Paz,  on  the  Rio  Dulce.  P.  14,000, 
mostly  Indians,  who  are  stated  to  be 
more  wealthy  than  the  inhabitants  of 
most  cities  of  Central  America. 

Cobb,  co.,  Georgia,  towards  the  N.  part 
of  the  state.  Contains  480  sq.  m.  Cap. 
Marietta.  Staple  prod,  cotton.  Some 
manufs.     P.  13,843. 

CoBi,  a  wide  desert  of  Central  Asia. 
[Gobi.] 

CoBiJA,  or  Port  La  Mar,  the  only 
legal  seaport  of  Bolivia,  cap.  dep.  La 
Mar,  on  the  Pacific,  with  a  vill.  in  the 
dist.  Atacama.  P.  793.  It  is  a  wretched 
place,  &  has  been  destitute  of  water  until 
the  very  recent  discovery  of  a  spring,  but 
it  has  some  ship-building  docks  &  mining 
estabs. 

CoBLENZ,  a  strongly  fortified  city  of 
Rhenish  Prussia,  cap.  reg.  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Rhine,  at  the  influx  of  the  Moselle,  the 
former  river  here  crossed  by  a  bridge 
of  boats,  485  yards  across,  &  the  latter 
by  a  stone  bridge,  536  yards  in  length. 


cog] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


213 


P.  exclusive  of  garrison,  18,730.  It  is 
well  built,  &  has  several  fine  churches,  a 
noble  palace  of  the  former  electors  of 
Treves,  an  anc.  Jesuits'  college,  a  Roman 
Catholic  seminary,  hospital,  orphan  asy- 
lum, &  theatre,  manufs.  of  cotton  &  wool- 
len fabrics,  &  an  active  general  trade. 

CoBLESKiLL,  t.,  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y.  A 
stream  here  enters  a  subterranean  pas- 
sage &  reappears  after  a  distance  of  7  m. 
P.  3,583. 

CoBOuRG,  cap.  of  Northumberland  & 
Durham  cos.,  U.  Canada,  on  Lake  Ontario, 
67  m.  E.  Toronto.     P.  3,871. 

OoBKE,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Cuba, 
E.  dep.  P.  2,661,  of  whom  614  are  Eu- 
ropeans. 

CoBUEG,  a  town  of  Central  Germany, 
cap.  princip.  of  Coburg  (a  portion  of  the 
duchy  of  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha),  on  the 
Itz,  an  afiluent  of  the  Regen,  and  on 
the  railway  from  Dresden  to  Munich, 
26  m.  N.  Bamberg.  P.  10,092.  It  is 
irregularly  built,  but  has  some  good 
edifices,  &  public  walks  separating  it  from 
its  suburbs. 

CoBUKG  Peninsula,  N.  Australia,  is 
an  irreg.  penins.,  50  m.  in  length  B.  to 
Vv''.,  by  20  m.  across,  connected  S.E.  with 
the  mainland  by  a  narrow  isthmus,  & 
separated  W.  from  Melville  isl.  by  Dun- 
das  strait. 

CoccoNATO,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  div. 
Alessandria,  prov.  Asti.  P.  with  comm. 
2,528. 

CocHABAMBA,  a  dep.  of  the  republic 
of  Bolivia,  named  from  the  riv.  Cocha- 
bamba,  the  head  stream  of  the  Guapey. 
Area,  55,120  sq.  m.  P.  250,000.  It  was 
formerly  regarded  as  the  granary  of  Peru, 
&  produces  also  cotton,  sugar,  dye-woods, 
fine  timber,  &  the  precious  metals.  Chf. 
cities,  &c.,  Coohabamba  or  Oropesa,  Mis- 
ques,  Sacaba,  &  Tapacari. — Cochabamba, 
or  Oropesa,  is  a  city  &  cap.  of  above  dep., 
on  the  Cochabamba.,  in  a  plain  at  the  B. 
foot  of  the  Andes.  145  m.  N.N.W.  Chu- 
quisaca.     P.  30,000.  -     ^ 

CocHE,  a  small  isl.  of  S.  America, 
Venezuela,  between  the  i.sl.  Margarita 
&  the  mainland. 

CocHEM,  a' town  of  Rhenish  Prussia. 
P.  2,553. 

Cochin,  a  rajahship  of  S.  India,  com- 
prised in  the  Travancore  dom.,  &  extend- 
ing along  the  Malabar  coast.  Area,  1,988 
sq.  m.  Princip.  .Jftwns,  Cochin  &  Cran- 
ganore. — Cochin,  a  seaport  town,  cap.  of 
above  rajahship,  is  on  the  Malabar  coast. 

CocKBUEN  (Channel),  Tierra-del-Fu- 
ego,  is  a  continuation  of  Magdalen  sound, 
in  lat.  54°  30'  S.,  Ion.  72°  W.— {Island), 


Pacific  ocean,  is  in  lat.  22°  12'  25"  S.— 
(Sound),  W.  Australia,  co.  Perth. 

Cocke,  county,  Tenn.,  in  the  E.  part 
of  the  state,  bordering  on  Smoky  mntn. 
Drained  by  2  rivs.  Cap.  Newport.  A 
farming  county.     P.  8,300. 

Cocken,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
Durham. 

CoDiGOEo,  Neronia,  a  town  of  Italy, 
Pontif.  states,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Po  di  Volano, 
8  m.  from  the  Adriatic.     P.  2,250. 

CoDiNAs  DE  San  Feliu,  a  town  of 
Spain,  prov.  Barcelona,  on  the  Congest. 
P.  2,579. 

CoDNOR  WITH  Loscow,  a  tnshp.  of 
Engl.,  CO.  Derby.     P.  1,738. 

CoDOGNO,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  cap. 
dist.,  between  the  Po  &  Adda.  P.  9,632. 
It  is  well  built,  &  has  manufs.  of  silk 
stufi"s. 

CoDORus,  creek,  Frederic  co.  Md.,  30 
m.  long. 

CoDEOiPO,  a  market  town  of  N.  Italy, 
gov.  Venice,  prov.  Friule.     P.  3,100. 

CoED-Y-cuMAR,  a  haml.  of  S.  Wales, 
CO.  Brecon,  pa.  Vainor.     P.  1,905. 

CoEL,  a  town  of  British  India,  presid. 
Bengal,  upper  provs.,  dist.  Alighur,  & 
the  residence  of  its  civil  authorities,  80 
m.  S.S.E.  Delhi.     It  is  a  busy  town. 

CffiLE-SvEiA,  a  fine  valley  of  Syria, 
between  the  mountain  ranges  of  Lebanon 
&  Anti-Libanus.  Length  about  100  m. ; 
breadth  10  m. ;  traversed  by  the  Litany  r. 

CoELLEDA,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony. 
P.  2,000. 

CoEVERDEN,  a  fortfd.  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  prov.  Drenthe,  with  a  port 
on  the  Kleine  Vecht.  P.  2,395.  It  has 
manufs.  of  cotton  fabrics,  &  an  active 
trade. 

CoEPANG,  a  town  &  principal  Dutch 
settlement,  in  the  isl.  of  Timor,  near  its 
S.W.  extremity.  It  is  neatly  built  in  the 
Dutch  style,  &  has  a  good  harbor,  de- 
fended by  Fort  Concordia.  It  is  a  free 
port. 

CoEYMANs,  p-t.,  Albany  co.  N.  Y.  The 
V.  is  on  the  W.  side  of  Hudson  r.  Here 
is  a  steamboat  landing.     P.  3,107. 

Coffee,  county,  Tenn.,  in  the  central 
part  of  the  state.  Drained  by  head 
branches  of  Duck  r.  Cap.  Manchester. 
Staple  commod.  Ind.  corn,  wheat,  tobacco, 
&  cotton.  Tanneries  &  distilleries.  P. 
8,351. 

CoFFEEviLLE,  V.,  Cap.  of  Yalla  Busha 
CO.  Miss.     The  usual  co.  buildings. 

GoGGESHAL-L  (Geeat),  a  market  town 
of  England,  co.  Essex,  on  the  Blackwater. 

CoGGiOLA,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  prov. 
Biella,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Sessera.    P.  2,056. 


214 


CYCLOPEDIA    OP    GEOGRAPHY. 


[col 


CoGLiANO,  Cvsilinum,  a  town  of  Na- 
ples, proy.  prineip.  Cit.    P.  2,600. 

Cognac,  a  comnj.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Charente,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Charente. 
P.  4,148. 

CoGNB,  a  town  of  the  Sard,  sta.,  prov. 
Aosta,  in  the  valley  of  same  name,  sur- 
rounded by  elevated  mntns.  P.  1,480. 
Iron  is  extensively  mined  in  the  valley. 

CoGOLETO,  a  vill.,  Sard,  sta.,  div.  &  14 
m.  W.  Genoa.  P.  2,065.  Celebrated  as 
the  birth-place  of  Christopher  Columbus, 
in  1447. 

CoGOHNO,  a  vill.  of  the  Sard,  sta.,  prov. 
Chiavari.     P.  3,738. 

CoHAssET,  a  tnshp.  &  port  of  Massa- 
chusetts, 20  m.  S.E.  Boston.  P.  1,471. 
It  has  considerable  shipping,  but  a  dan- 
gerous harbor. 

CoHOEs,  a  vill..  New  York,  on  the 
Mohawk  riv.,  co.  &  8  m.  N.  Albany.  P. 
about  2,000.  It  has  a  cotton  factory  & 
a  brass  foundry.  In  its  vicinity,  the 
Mohawk  riv.  has  a  perpendicular  fall  of 
70  feet. 

CoiMBATOOR,  a  dist.  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras.  Area,  8,392  sq.  m.  P. 
807,964.  It  is  a  table-land,  between  the 
W.  &  B.  Grhauts,  averaging  900  feet  in 
elevation  ;  the  Cavery  forms  its  E.  limit. 
Products  comprise  rice,  cotton,  tobacco, 
salt,  nitre,  &  live  stock.  Principal  towns, 
Coimbatoor,  Caroor,  &  Darapooram. — 
Coimhatoor,  cap.  above  district,  is  situ- 
ated on  an  affluence  of  the  Cavery,  90  m. 
S.  Mysore. 

CoiMBRA,  a  city  of  Portugal,  cap.  prov. 
Beira,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Mondego,  here 
crossed  by  a  long  stone  bridge.  P.  15,000. 
It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  &  is  highly 
picturesque  externally,  but  ill  built.  Its 
university,  the  only  one  in  Portugal, 
consists  of  18  colleges,  attended  now  by 
about  1,100  students,  &  has  a  library  of 
30,000  vols.,  with  extensive  museums,  an 
observatory,  &c. 

CoiEB,  the  cap.  town  of  the  Grisons. 
[Chur.] 

CoisE,  a  vill.  of  the  Sard,  sta.,  prov. 
Savoy,  with  mineral  springs.    P.  1,702. 

CoJUTEPEQuB,  a  town  of  Cent.  Amer., 
state  &  15  m.  S.  San  Salvador.  Bstim. 
pop.  15,000.  Its  dwellings  are  mostly 
built  of  mud. —  Lake  Cojutepeque,  or 
lllabasco,  a  few  leagues  distant,  is  12  m. 
in  length,  E.  to  W.,  with  an  average 
breadth  of  5  miles. 

Col  ("a  neck"),  the  name  of  many 
passes  across  the  Alps  of  Savoy  &  Pied- 
mont. 

CoLABBA,  a  narrow  promontory,  Brit 
India,  presid.  &  immediately  S.  the  is! 


of  Bombay,  with  which  it  is  connected 

by  a  causeway. II.  a  small  town  on 

the  Malabar  coast. 

CoLAGAUL,  a  town,  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Madras.  ' 

CoLAPOOR,  a  town  of  India,  Deccan, 
dom.  Sattarah,  &  the  cap.  of  a  rajahship. 

CoLAR,  a  town  of  S.  India,  Mysore  dom. 

CoLAvEHAs,  county,  California. 

CoLBERG,  a  seaport  town  of  Prussian 
Pomerania,  reg.  &  25  m.  "W.  Koslin,  on 
the  Persante,  -near  its  mouth,  in  the 
Baltic.  P.  7,610.  It  has  a  cathed.,  a 
harbor,  woollen  factories,  distilleries,  ex- 
tensive salt-works,  salmon  &  lamprey 
fisheries,  &  a  considerable  export  trade. 

CoLCHAGUA,  a  dep.  of  Chile,  stretching 
from  the  Andes  to  the  Pacific  0.  Area, 
8,120  sq.  m.  P.  130,000.  Plains  fertile, 
watered  by  the  Maule  &  Maypu  rivs. 
The  chief  towns  are  Curico,  San  Fernando, 
&  Kancagua. 

CoBCHESTER,  a  riv.,  port,  &  town  of 
England,  co.  Essex,  on  the  Colne,  crossed 
here  by  several  bridges,  &  the  E.  Union 
railw.,  51  m.  N.N.E.  London. 

Colchester,  several  tnshps.,  U.  States. 

1.  Connecticut,  co.  &  20  m.  N.N.W. 

New  London.    P.2,101. II.  Vermont, 

46  m.  W.S.W.  Montpelier.    P.  1,739. 

III.  N.  York,  CO.  Delaware,  98  m.  W.S.W. 
Albany.     P.  1,567. 

Colchis,  an  anc.  division  of  Asia,  E. 
of  the  Black  sea.  It  contains  gold  & 
silver  mines,  &  the  pheasant  is  originally 
from  this  dist. 

CoLDEN,  p-t.,  Erie  co.  N.  Y.    P.  1,344. 

CoLDiTz,  or  KoLDiTZ,  a  town  of  Saxony, 
circ,  on  the  Mulde.  P.  2,900,  engaged 
in  manufs.  of  stockings,  linens,  felt,  & 
earthenwares. 

Cold  Spring,  Putnam  co.  N.  Y.,  on 
the  E.  side  of  Hudson  r.,  in  the  highlands, 
1  m.  above  West  Point.  West  Point 
foundry  is  here.     It  employs  400  men. 

P.  1,250. II.  t.,  Cattaraugus  co.  N.Y. 

It  contains  an  Indian  v.     Consid.  trade 
in  lumber.     P.  591. 

Coldstream,  a  border  town  of  Scotld., 
CO.  &  15  m.  W.  Berwick,  on  the  N.  bank 
of  the  Tweed,  here  crossed  by  a  5-arched 
bridge,  &  on  the  main  route  from  Scotland 
into  England.     P.  2,063. 

Cold  Water,  p-t.,  cap.  of  Branch  co. 
Mich.     1  newsp.     P.  1,123. 

Cole,  county.  Mo.  in  the  centre  of 
state  &  along  the  S.  bankof  the  Missouri. 
It  contains  650  sq.  m.  Cap.  Jefferson 
city.  Staple  commod.  Indian  corn  &  to- 
bacco. Some  sugar.  Tanneries  &  distil- 
leries.   2newsps.   2  acads.    P.  6,696. 

II.  t.,  Benton  co.  Mo. 


col] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


215 


CoLEBROOK,  t.,  Coos  CO.  N.  H.  on  the 

Connecticut.     1  acad.     P.  743. II.  t., 

Litchfield  co.  Conn.  A  grazing  town. 
Manufs.  leather  &  paper.     P.  1,232. 

CoLEBROOK  Dale,  p-t.,  Berks  co. 
Penn.     P.  1,124. 

Cole  Creek,  t.,  Montgomery  co.  la. 
P,  1,589. 

CoLEGNO,  a  vill.  of  the  Sard,  sta.,  prov. 
&  5  m.  W.  Turin,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Dora- 
Riparia.     P.  1,776. 

CoLehain,  t.,  Franklin  co.  Mass.  A 
grazing  town.     Some  manufs.     P.  1,971. 

II.  t.,  Ross  CO.  0.  in  the  N.E.  corner 

of  the  county.  P.  1,281. III.  p-t.,  Lan- 
caster CO.  Penn.     Some  manufs.  of  iron, 

woollens  &  leather.     P.  1.453. IV.  t., 

Bedford  co.  Penn.     P.   5,190. V.  t., 

Hamilton  co.  0.  on  the  Great  Miami  riv. 
P.  2,272. VI.  p-t.,  Belmont  co.  0. 

CoLERAiNE,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland, 
Ulster,  CO.  Londonderry,  on  the  Bann. 
P.  6,255.  • 

CoLEROON,  the  most  N.  &  largest  br'h 
of  the  Cavery  river,  British  India,  at  its 
delta,  enters  the  Indian  ocean  at  De- 
vicotta. 

Coles,  county.  111.,  in  N.E.  part  of 
state.  Contains  1,248  sq.  m.  Drained 
by  Kaska5kia&  Embarrass  rivs.  It  has 
extens.  prairies.  Some  mill  seats.  Cap. 
Charleston.  An  agricultural  county.  A 
large  number  of  swine  are  reared.  Tan- 
neries &   distilleries.      P.  9,335. II. 

c.  H.,  post  offi.  Charleston  riv.  Cap.  Coles 
CO.  111.     It  has  a  court-house. 

CoLESBERG,  a  dist.  of  the  Cape  colony, 
S.Africa.    Area,  11,654  sq.  m.    P.  8,828. 

CoLESHiLL,  a  mkt.  .town  of  England, 
CO.  Warwick,  on  the  Cole  (an  afflt.  of  the 
Tame. 

CoLEsviLLE,  p-t.,  Broome  co.  N.  Y.  on 
both  sides  of  the  Susquehanna  riv.  P. 
3,061. 

CoLGONG,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  dist.  beautifully  situated 
on  the  Ganges. 

CoLico,  a  vill.  of  Lombardy,  gov.  Mi- 
lan, near  the  N.  extremity  of  the  lake 
of  Como,  in  an  unhealthy  situation  at  the 
foot  of  Mt.  Legnano.     P.  2,700. 

CoLiGNY,  a  comm.  &  mkt  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ain,  cap.  cant.    P.  1,764. 

CoLiJNSPLAAT,  a  vill.  of  the  Nether- 
lands, prov.  Zeeland,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
the  isl.  Beveland.    P,  1,688. 

CoLiMA,  a  -territory,  Mexican  confed., 
stretching  100  m.  along  the  coast  of  the 
Pacific,  S.  of  the  dep.  Xalisco.  In  it  is 
the  volcano  of  Colima,  rising  to  an  eleva- 
tion of  12,000  ft.  Climate  hot ;  soil  fer- 
tile.   Nearly  all  the  pop.  are  Indian. 


CoLiMA,  a  town  of  the  Mexican  con- 
fed.,  cap.   above   territory,   in   a  fertile 
plain,  S.W.  the  volcano  of  Colima,  on  the  " 
Pacific  ocean.    It  is  well  built,  &  has  an 
active  trade  in  salt  &  palm  wine. 

CoLiNDA,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

CoLiuMO,  a  small  maritime  town  of 
S.  Amer.,  Chile,  prov.  Concepcion. 

Coll,  one  of  the  western  isls.  of  Scotl., 
on  the  W.  coast  of  Mull.  Length  N.W. 
to  S.W.  12  m.;  av.br.,  2^  m.'    P.  1,412. 

Collahes.  a  market  town  of  Portugal, 
12  m.  W.N.W.    Lisbon,  on  the  Rio-des- 

Macas.     P.  2,200. II.  a   small  town 

of  Brazil,  prov.  Belem,  on  an  isl.  in  the 
Para  river. 

CoLLE,  several  towns  of  Italy. 

CoLLESANO,  a  town  of  Sicily,  on  the 
N.  declivity  of  the  Madonia  mntns.  P. 
2,800. 

CoLLEssEAH,  a  petty  maritime  town, 
isl.  Socotra,  Indian  ocean. 

Colleton,  district,  S.  C,  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  the  state.  It  contains  2,100  sq. 
m.  Surface  level  &  soil  productive.  The 
Atlantic  washes  its  S.E.  border.  Staple 
commod.  rice  &  cotton.  Cap.  Waterboro' . 
P.  28,466. 

CoLLETORTO,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Molise.     P.  2,620. 

Collin,  county,  Texas.     P.  1,950. 

Collins,  p-t.,  Erie  co.  N.  Y.,  drained 
by  Cattaraugas  cr.     P.  4,207. 

CoLLiNsviLLE,  Hartford  co.  Conn,  on 
both  sides  of  Farmington  riv.  Manufs. 
axes.     P.  1,000. 

CoLLio,  a  vill.  of  Lombardy,  on  rt.  b. 
the  Mella.  P.  2,256.  It  has  iron  mines 
&  forges. 

CoLLiouRE,  a  comm.  &  seaport  town 
of  France,  dep.  E.  Pyrenees,  on  the  Med- 
diterr.  P.  3,073.  It  has  some  trade  in 
wines,  wool,  &  anchovies. 

CoLLO,  a  town  of  Algeria,  prov.  Con- 
stantine,  on  bay  of  same  name,  in  the 
Mediterranean.     P.  2,500. 

CoLLOERiERES,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Var,  cap.  cant.,  arrond.  P. 
1,890. 

CoLLON,  a  mkt.  town  of  Irel.,  Leinster, 
CO.  Louth,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Boyne. 
P.  936. 

Colorado,  county,  Texas.     P.  2,257. 

CoLLUMPTON,  a  mkt-town  of  Engl.,  co. 
Devon,  on  the  Culm,  a  tributary  of  the 
Exe,  &  on  the  Great  Western  railway. 

Colmar,  a  comm.  &  city  of  France, 
cap.  dep.  H.  Rhin,  on  the  Lauch,  near  its 
confl.  with  the  111.  P.  18,200.  It  is  well 
built.  Princip.  edifices,  the  cathedral, 
town^hall,  theatre,  prison,  court-ho.    It 


216 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[col 


has  a  comm.  college,  with  a  collection  of 
paintings,  &  library  of  40,000  vols; 

CoLMARS,  Collis  Martis,  a  comm.  & 
town  of  France,  dep.  B.  Alpes,  on  1.  b.  of 
theVerdon.     P.  1,000. 

CoLMENAR,  several  towns  of  Spain. 

CoLNE,  three  rivs.  of  England. 

CoLNE,  a  mkt.  town  of  England,  co. 
Lancaster,  on  an  affl.  of  the  Calder,  &  on 
the  Leeds  &  Liverpool  canal.     P.  8,615. 

CoLOGNA,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  gov. 
Venice.  P.  6,315.  Manufactures  silk. — 
Cologno  is  a  mkt.  town  of  Lombardy.  P- 
2,650. 

Cologne,  a  fortified  city  of  AV.  Ger- 
many, formerly  cap.  electorate,  now  cap. 
Khenish  Prussia,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Rhine, 
across  which  a  bridge  of  boats  connects  it 
■with  its  suburb  Deutz.  P.  78,500.  It  is 
finely  situated,  strongly  defended,  &  sur- 
rounded by  high  walls,  but  very  ill  built; 
streets  narrow  &  filthy ;  houses  in  great 
part  of  wood,  &  its  quay  is  of  a  very  in- 
ferior kind.  It  has,  however,  some  noble 
edifices,  including  its  vast  cathedral,  be- 
gun about  1248,  &.  still  unfinished.  Its 
university,  founded  in  1388,  was  sup- 
pressed by  the  French  ;  it  has,  however, 
a  Protestant  &  a  Roman  Catholic  college, 
the  latter  possessing  a  valuable  library. 

CoLOGNO,  a  walled  town  of  Lombardy, 
prov.  Bergamo.     P.  2,650. 

CoLOMA  (Santa),   2  towns  of   Spain. 

1,   {de  Fames,)   prov.  Gerona.      P. 

3,526. II.  prov.  Barcelona. 

.     COLOMBAN  DE  ViLLARS  (St.),  a  vill.  of 

Savoy,  prov.  Maurienne.     P.  1,883. 

CoLOMBANo  (San),  a  town  of  Lom- 
bardy, on  the  Lambro.     P.  5,000. 

CoLOMBEY,  two  vills.  of  France,  one  on 
railway  between  Paris  &  St.  Germains. 

GoLOMBEY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Meurthe,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,000. 

Colombia,  an  extensive  region  in  the 
N.  part  of  S.  Amer.,  now  divided  into  the 
repubs.  Venezuela,  New  Granada,  & 
Ecuador. 

CoLOMBiER,  a  pa.  &  vill.  of  Switzer- 
land, cant.  Neuchatel,  near  ^y.  bank  of 

the  lake.      P.   1,000. II.   a  comm.   & 

vill.  of  France,  dep.  Isere.     P.  1,312. 

Colombo,  or  Columbo,  the  principal 
seaport  town  &  mod.  cap.  of  Ceylon,  on 
its  W.  coast.  P.  31,549.  The  fortified 
town,  about  1^  m.  in  circ,  stands  on  a 
'rocky  peninsula,  on  three  sides  surround- 
ed by  the  sea,  and  having  landward  a 
lake,  a  moat,  &  drawbridges  ;  internally, 
it  is  more  like  a  European  town  than  any 
other  in  India,  except  Goa.  The  harb. 
is  small,  &  the  roadstead  is  safe  only 
during  the  S.E.  monsoon ;  but  Colombo  is 


the  entrepdt  for  most  of  the  foreign  trade 
of  Ceylon.  Value  of  exports  (1845) 
491,026/.;  do.  of  imports,  1,188,418/. 

Colomera,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Granada,  on  rt.  b.  of  riv.  of  same  name. 
P.  2,200. 

Colona-di-Buriano,  a  vill.  of  Tus- 
cany. 

Colonella,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Abruzzo,  Ult.  I.,  near  the  Mediterranean. 
P.  2,000. 

Colonia  do  Santissimo  Sacramen- 
to, a  maritime  town  of  S.  Amer.,  Uru- 
guay, on  the  N.  bank  of  the  estuary  of 
the  Plata,  opp.  Buenos  Ayres.     P.  2,500. 

Colonna  (Cape),  Greece,  is  the  most 
S.  point  of  Attica,  26  m.  S.S.E.  Athens. 

Colonne,  or  Nact,  a  cape  of  Naples, 
prov.  Calab.  Ult.,  in  the  Ionian  sea,  at 
the  entrance  of  the  gulf  of  Tarauto. 

Colonsay,  an  isl.  of  the  Hebrides, 
Scotland,  included  in  Argyleshire. 

ColokA)o,  sevl.  rivs.  of  America. 

I.  Upper  California,  rises  by  many  heads 
in  the  Anahuac  plateau,  flows  mostly 
S.-ward,  and,  with  the  Gila,  enters  the 
head  of  the  gulf  of  California.  Total 
course  700  m.,  but  it  is  stated  to  be 
innavigable  from  its  source  to  its  mouth, 

on  account  of  its  rapidity. II.  Texas, 

rises  by  many  heads  near  Ion;  104°  W., 
flows  very  tortuously  S.E.-ward,  through 
the  dists.  Bastrop,  Payette,  Colorado,  & 
Matagorda,  &  enters  the  bay  of  Mata- 
gorda.    Total  course  estimated  at  800  m. 

Colorno,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.  Italy, 
duchy  Parma.     P.  3,000. 

ColosSjE,  a  ruined  city,  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia. 

CoLUMB  (St.),  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  Cornwall.     P.  3,140. 

Columbia  (Dist.  or),  is  a  tract  of 
country,  originally  about  10  m.  sq.,  on 
both  sides  of  the  Potomac  r.,  about  120 
m.  from  its  mouth,  ceded  to  the  U.  S.  by 
Virginia  &  Maryland  in  1790,  for  the 
purpose  of  becoming  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment. It  included  the  cities  of  Washing- 
ton, Alexandria,  &  Georgetown,  until 
1846,  when  Alexandria  was  retroceded  to 
Virginia.  The  district  is  under  the  im- 
mediate government  of  Congress.  P. 
51,687.  The  surface  of  the  district, 
gently  undulating,  furnishes  fine  sites  for 
its  cities.  Soil  sterile  ;  climate  healthy. 
This  district  has  become  the  centre  of  an 
active  commerce.  Vessels  of  a  large  size 
come  up  to  the  navy-yard  at  Washington. 
Manufs.  leather,  machinery,  hats  &  caps, 
carriages  &  wagons,  &  furniture.  A 
branch  of  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  canal 
terminates  at  Georgetown.    This  district 


CLO] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


217 


was  fixed  on  for  the  seat  of  government 
at  the  suggestion  of  General  Washington. 

-II.  counfcv,  N.  Y.     Situatod  in  the  E. 

part  of  the  suite,  bounded" W.  by  Hud- 
eon  r.,  &  cont-iins  624  fq.  m.  The  sur- 
face IS  uneven  ;  the  soil  is  vnrious.  Iron 
ore  is  found,  &  a  lead  mine.  Murble  ex- 
ists also,  &  oxide  of  manganese.  There 
are  also  many  mineral  springs.'  Watered 
by  crs.  The  Hudson  &  Berkshire  rail- 
iToad  passes  through  the  country.  Capi- 
tal, Hudson.  Chief  prod.,  rye,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  &  potatoes.  Large  cap.  in 
trade  &  the  fisheries.  Extensive  manufs. 
of  woollens,  cottons,  leather,  &  paper. 
Several  furnaces  &  forges.  2  period.,  2 
newsp.  11  acad.  P.  43,073. III.  coun- 
ty. Pa.  Situated  centrally  in  the  E.  part 
of  the  state,  &  contains  700  sq.  m.  The 
B.  branch  of  Susquehanna  r.  passes 
through  it,  &  Fishing,  Catawissa,  Big 
Roaring,  &  other  creeks.  Th^  surface  is 
broken  &  uneven,  but  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Capital,  Danville.  Staple  prod.,  wheat, 
Ind.  corn,  rye,  &  buckwheat.  Silk  co- 
coons near  200  pounds.  Manufs.  of 
woollens  &  leather.  Distilleries  &  pot- 
teries.     3   newsp.,    5    acad.      P.    17,710. 

IV.  county,  Ga.     Situated  in  the  E. 

part  of  the  state,  &  contains  600  sq.  m. 
Savannah  r.  bounds  it  on  the  N.E.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  &  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Capital,  Applington.     Staple,  cotton.     6 

acad.      P.    11,961. V.    county,    Flor. 

Situated  in  the  N.  part  of  the  state,  &  is 
bounded  W.  by  Suwaune  r.,  &  N.  by  the 
state  of  Ga.,  &  contains  4,320  sq.  m.  The 
soil  is  generally  barren,  covered  with 
pines.  There  is  some  good  land  in  the 
N.E.  part.  St.  Mary's  river  rises  & 
flows  in  its  N:E.  part.      Cnp.,  Lancaster. 

Cotton  &  sugar.     P.  4,808. -VI.  p-t., 

Washington,  co.  Me.     Trade  in  lum. 

VII.  t.,  Coos  CO.  N.  11.- — ^^VIII.  t.,  Tol- 
latid   CO.    Conn.      Adapted    to    grazing. 

Some  water  power.     P.  842. IX.  p-tv, 

Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.     P.  2,129. X.  v., 

Lancaster  co.  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna 
r.,  over  which  there  is  a  bridge  5,690  ft. 
long.  A  bank,  1  acad., "  &  1  newsp. 
Trade  in  lumber,  coal,  &  iron.     P. 

XI.  t.,   Bradford  co.  Pa.     P.   1,421. 

XII.  p-t.,  Jackson  co.  Mich.     P.  925. 

XIII.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Tyrrell  co.  N.  C. 

XIV.  p-v.,  &  cap.  S.  C.     Situated  on 

the  E.  side  of  Congaree  r.,  in  lat.  33°  57' 
N.  The  town  is  situated  on  a  plain  over- 
looking the  river,  regularly  laid  out  with 
streets  100  feet  wide,  &  crossing  each 
other  at  right  angles.  It  has  a  state 
house,  county  buildings,  2  banks,  ^&  3 
acads.  Colixmbia  is  the  seat  of  the  S.  C. 
10 


college,  a  pes^pectable  institution,  founded 
1804,  which  has  a  president,  8  professors, 
168  students,  &  a  libniry  of  13,000  vols. 
It  receives  $15,000  annually  I'roiu  the 
state.  Columbia  is  supplied  with  pure 
water  from  springs  raised  by  steam-power, 
&  distributed   in   iron    pipes.     P.  6,060. 

XV.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Marion  co.  Miss., 

on  Pearl  r. XVI.  cap.   of  Chicot  co. 

Ark.,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Miss.    County 

buildings. XVII.  p-V.,  cap.  of  M.aury 

CO.  Tenn.,  on  Duck  r.  The  county  build- 
ings. It  is  the  seat  of  Jackson  college, 
an  institution  with  5  professors,  110  stu- 
dents,  &    a  fair   library. XVIII.  v., 

cap.  of  Whitley  co.  la.,  on   Blue  r. 

XIX.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Adair  co.  Ky.  The 
county  buildings  &  1  college  with  61  stu- 
dents.  XX.  p-t.,  cap.  of  Boone  co.  Mo., 

on  a  branch  of  the  Missouii.     P.  3,365. 

XXI.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Caldwell  pa.  La., 

on  the  W.  side  of  the  W^ashita  r.     It  has 

a  court  house. XXII.  t.,  Hamilton  co. 

0.,  between  the  Little  Miami  &  the  Ohio 

rs.      P.   3,043.. XXIII.   t.,    Randolph 

CO.  Ark.  P.- 680. XXIV.  b.,  Lancas- 
ter CO.  Pa.     P.  2,716. 

Columbia,  or  (Jeegon  River,  U. 
States  doms.,  the  main  river  of  Oregon 
territory,  rises  in  the  Rocky  mountains, 
British  territory,  about  lat.  54°  N.,  flows 
successively  N.,  S.,  &  S.W.-ward,  &  after 
a  total  course  estimated  at  1,000  m.,  ea- 
ters the  Pacific. 

Columbiana,  countj',  0.,  in  the  E. 
part  of  the  state,  on  the  0.  r.  Surface 
diversified.  Soil  good.  Salt  water  is 
found  here.  Cap.  New  Lisbon.  Staple 
commod.  wheat,  Ind.  corn,  potatoes,  & 
bituminous  coal.  Distilleries  &  brew- 
eries.    Manufs.   of  woollens    &    leather. 

1  acad.    P.  83,621. II.  p-v.,  cap.  of 

Shelby  co.  Ala'.     It  has  a  court  house. 

CoLUMBRETEs,  a  picturcsque  group  of 
volcanic  isls.  &  rocks  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean, off  the  E.  coast  of  Spain. 

Columbus,  county,  N.  C,  in  the  S.  part 
of  the  state.  Surface  level.'  Cap. 
Whitesville.      A   planting   county.      P. 

5,909. II.    county,    Wisconsin.       P. 

9,565. III.  city  &'  cap.  state  of  Ohio. 

Situated  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Scioto. 
The  land  rises  gradually  from  the  riv.,  & 
the  streets  cross  at  right  angles.  A  fine 
wharf,  1,300  feet  long  has  been  erected 
along  the  margin  of  the  river.  Publio 
build'gs,  a  state  house,  a  lunatic  asylum, 
a  German  Lutheran  theo.  sem.  &  a  state 
penitentiary.  Trade  in  produce  consid. 
Distilleries  &  breweries.     2  newsps.     P. 

17,034. IV-  city,  cap.  Muscogee   co. 

Ga.  on  the  E.  bank  of  Chattahoochee  riv. 


218 


CY.CLOP.EDIA  OF  GEOGRAPHY. 


[com 


at  the  head  of  steamboat  navigation  & 
near  a  fall  on  the  river  of  111  feet.  The 
town  is  60  feet  above.  It  has  two  streets 
running  parallel  to  each  other  165  feet 
■wide.  It  contains  a  court-house,  jiil,  4 
banks,  &  a  market  house.  Woollen  &  cot- 
ton factories.     Trade  consid.     3  newsps. 

1  acad. V.  city  &  cap.    Lowndes   co. 

Miss,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Tombigbee, 
120  feet  above  the  riv.  &  at  the  hoa,d  of 
steamboat  navigation.  The  usual  oo. 
buildings.  1  acad.  2  banks.  1  female 
sem.,  theatre,  U.  S.  land  office,  &  a  mkt. 
house.  A  bridge  across  the  Tombigbee, 
which  cost  $50,000.    2  newsps.     P.  2,611. 

VI.  cap.  BaUard  cotKy.   on  the  E. 

bank  of  the  Mississippi,  25  m.  below  the 

mouth  of  the  Ohio. VII.  p-v.,  cap. 

Bartholoniewco.  la.  The  usual  county 
buildings.  1  acad.  &  4  churches.  P.  1,008. 

VIII.  t.,  Warren  oo.  Pennsylvania. 

IX.  p-t.,  Chenango  county,  N.  Y.'    P. 

1,561. 

CoLusi,  countj-,  Cal. 

CoLviLLE,  station  of  British  N.  Amer., 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  Eocky  mntns,  near 
the  river  Columbia. 

CoLYTON,  a  small  mkt.  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Devon,  on  the  Coly. 

CoMAccHio,  a  town  of  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.,  iu  the  midst  of  the  marshes  termed 
Yalli-di-Comacchio,  3  m.  from  the  Adri- 
atic. P.  5,783,  chiefly  employed  in  fish- 
ing eels,  &o.,  in  the  surrounding  lagoons. 

CoMADERRY,  a  inntn.of  Ireland,  Lein- 
ster,  CO.  Wieklow.     Elev.  2,268  feet. 

Comal,  county,  Texas.     P.  1,723. 

_CoMAYAGUA,  a  city  of  Cent.  America, 
state  &  170  m.  E.  Guatemala,  cap.  depi 
Honduras,  on  a  river  flowing  to  the  Pa- 
cific. P.  12,000.(?)  Chief  edifices,  a  ca- 
thedral, a  college,  &  a  richly  endowed 
hospital. 

Comber,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Ulster,  co. 
Down.     P.  1,964. 

CoMBiN,  a  mntn.  of  Europe,  between 
Switzerland  &  the  Sardinian  states,  one 
of  the  culminating  points  of  the  Pennine 
Alps,  E.  of  Great  St.  Bernard,  14,124  ft. 
in  elevation. 

CoMBLES,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Somme.     P.  1,677. 

CoMBOOcONUM,  a  town  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Madras,  inthe  deltaof  the  Cavery. 

CoMEOURG,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ille-et-Vilaine.     P.  1,247. 

CoMBRAiLLEs,  an  old  divjs'n  of  France, 
in  the  prov.  Basse- Auvergne,  the  cap.  of 
which  was  Evreux. 

CoMBRONDE,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Puy-de-Dume,     P.  1,488. 

CoMERCOLLY,  a  town  of  British  India, 


presid.  Bengal,  near  a  branch  of  the 
Ganges.     -■ 

CoMiLLA,  a  town  of  British  India. 

CoMisA,  a  town  of  Dalmatia,  circ. 
Spalatro,  dist.  &  on  the  W.  coast  of  the 
isl.  Lissa.     P.  2,619. 

CoMiso,  a  town  of  Sicily,  intend.  Sy- 
racuse.    P.  10,000.(7) 

CoMiTAN,  a  town  of  Mexico,  confede- 
ration, state  Chiapas,  on  the  Grijalva,  40 
m.  S.E.  Ciudad  Real.  P.  lO.OOO.C?)  It 
has  a  superb  church,  &  a  large  Dominican 
convent,  &  it  has  become  a  place  of  con- 
siderable contraband  trade. 

CoMMENDA,  a  British  fort  of  W.  Africa, 
Guinea  coast,  having  near  it  a  town  with 
3.000  inhabs. — Littte  Commenda  is  a 
Dutch  fort  on  the  same  coast. 

OoMMERuE,  p-t.,  Oakland-co.  Mich. 

II.  p-v.,  Tunica  co.  Miss,  on  E.  bank  of 
the' Mississippi. 

CoMMERCY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Franco, 
dep.  Mouse,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Meuse.  P. 
3,424.     Manufs.  of  cotton  &  leather. 

CoMMiNES,  a  comm.&  town  of  Belgium, 
prov.  E.  Flanders,  on  Lb.  of  the  Lys,  & 
on  the  frontier  of  France.  P.  3,187. 
Celeb. -manufs.  of  ribbons,  thread,  hand- 
kerchiefs, &  tobacco. — '■ — II.  a  comm.  & 
town  of  France. 

CoMO  (Lake  of),  a  lake  of  N.  Italy, 
Lomb'dy,  prov.  Como,  forming  the  great- 
est sinus  of  the  river  Adda,  which  enters 
it  at  the  foot  of  the  Lepontine  &  Rhetiau 
Alps,  &  quits  it  at  Lecco,  in  the  midst  of 
mntns.  of  from  1,000  to  1,300  ft.  in  eler. 
It  is  of  a  very  irregular  shape. 

Como,  an  anc.  episcopal  city  of  Lom- 
bardy,  cap,  prov.  same  name,  at  the  S. 
extremity  of  the  lake  of  Como ;  elev.  702 
feet.  P.  18,600.  It  has  a  public  library 
of  15,000  vols.,  a  botanic  garden,  3  gym- 
nasia, &  a  museum  of  antiquities. 

CoMODO,  an  isl.  of  the  Malay  archip., 
between  Sambawa  &  Flores.  Length,  35 
m. ;  av.  breadth,  16  m. 

CoMORiN  (Cape),  the  S.  extremity  of 
India,  state  of  Travancore,  in  the  Indian 
ocean. 

CoMORN,  a  town  of  Hungary, 

Comoro  Isles,  a  group  of  volcanic 
islands  in  the  Mozambique  channel,  350 
m.  from  the  N.W.  coast  of  Madagascar, 
&  200  m.  from  the  E.  coast  of  Africa.  P. 
ee'tim.  at  80,000. 

Compiegne,  acomm.ifc  town  of  France, 
dep.  Oise,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Oise.  P.  8,106. 
It  is  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  &  has  a 
comm.  college,  &  public  library  of  28,000 
volumes.  Manufactures  of  muslins,  ho^ 
siery,  &  cordage,  &  commerce  in  woqd 
&  grain. 


con] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


219 


CoMPOSTELLA,  a  town  of  the  Mexican 
confed.,  dep.  Xalisco,  &  formerly  its  cap., 
100  ni.  W.  Gruadalaxara.  It  has  silver 
mines,  but  is  nearly  deserted  on  _account 
of  its  unhealthy  climate. 

CoMPREiGNAc,  a  eomm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Vienne.     P.  2,280. 

CoMPTAT  d' Avignon,  an  old  divis.  of 
France.  '   . 

CoNAc,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Charente-Inf.     P.  1,598. 

CoNAN,  a  riv.  of  Seotl.,  co.  Eoss,  which 
after  an  E.  course  of  35  m.  enters  Cro- 
marty firth  near  Dingwall.     Fisheries. 

CoNARAH,  a  maritime  town  of  British 
India,  presid.  Madras. 

CoNCAN,  a subdivisionof  British  India, 
presid.  Bombay,  stretching  along  the  W. 
coast  of  Hindostan,  bounded  E.  by  the 
Ghauts.  United  area.,  12,270  sq.  m.  :  P. 
1,044,121.  Surface  mostly  a  collection 
of  rocky  mountains  &  jungly  ravines, 
interspersed  with  fertile  rice  tracts. 

CoNCARNEAu,  a  marit.  comm.  &  -town 
of  France,  cap>  cant.,  dep.  Fiiiistere,  on 
an  isl.  in  the  bay  De-la-Forgt,  Atlantic 
oceaii.     P.  2,024.    - 

CoNCEicAO    d'Itamarca,  sev.  towns 

of  Brazil. 1,  prov.  Pernambucco,  cap. 

dist.  of  the  i?l.  of  Itamarca  on  its  W. 

coast.     P.  12,000. ^^11.  {de  'Nogue^a), 

prov.  MinasGeraes.    P.  1,200. III.  a 

modern  city,  prov.  Goj'nz.    P.  2,000. 

IV.  (de  Lagoa),  prov.  of  Santa  Catherina. 

P.  3,000. V.  {da  Serra),  prov.  Espiritu- 

Sapto.  P.  1,500.— VI.  {do  Sen-o),  prov. 
Minas  Geraes.     P.  of  dist.  8,000. 

Concentaina,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
&  28  m.  N.  Alicante.  P.  5,972.  It  has 
extensive  manufs.  of  woollen.eloths. 

CoNCEPCiON,  a  dep.  Cbile,  having  W. 
the  Pacific  ocean,  &  S.  indep.  Araucania. 
Area,  5,210  sq.  m.  P.  102,000.  Principal 
rivs.,  the~Biobio  &  I\sita,.—Concepcimi  bay 
is  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  8  m.  N. 
the  town.  It  is  about  5  m.  across,  <&  has 
an  entrance  on  either  side  of  the.  isl. 
Quiriquino. 

Concepcion  (La),  an  isl.  of  Bahamas. 

II.  an  isl.  &  headld.  on  the  N.'side 

of  the  isthmus^  of  Panania. III.   {de 

la  China),  Plata  confed.,  dep.  Entre  Rios, 

on  the  Uruguay.     P.  2,000. IV.  {dd 

Pad),  S.  Amer.,  Venezuela,  prov.  Bar- 
eel' a. — Other  places  of  same  name  are  in 
Peru,  New  Gran.,  Bolivia,  Spain,  i&Texs. 

-Conception  Bay,  an  inlet,  Newfound- 
land, on  its  E.  coast,  N.W.  St.  John's. — 
Conception  strait  is  an  inlet,  T.  del  Fuego, 
between  Hanover  isl.  &  the  Madre  archip. 

Conchagua,  an  extinct  volcano.  Cent. 
Amer.,  state  &  70  m.  E.S.E.  San  Salvador. 


— The  gulf  of  Conchagua,  an  inlet  of 
the  Pacific  oeean,  between  the  state  San 
Salvador  &  Nicaragua,  is  40  m.  in  bre'th. 
Conches,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Eure,  with  1.672  inhabs. 

^     CoNCHOs.  a  riv.  Mexican  confed.,  dep. 

^Durango   &    Chihuahua,,  joins    the    Rio 

■Bravo  del  Norte.  Course,  estim.  at  300  m. 

.  Concise,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 

Vaud,x)nthe  lake  of  Neuchatel.  P.  1,500. 

CoNcoBELLO,  a  town  of  W.  Africa,  on 

the  Congo  river. 

Concord,  cap.  state  of  N.  H.,  lies  on 
both  sides  of  the  Merrimack  r.  Contains 
the  state-house,  an  elegant  structure,  <fc 
other  public  buildings.  The  falls  on  the 
Merrimac,  &  the  locks  at  this  place,  afford 
vast  water  power.  Manufs.  of  hardware 
&  cutlery,  woollen,  paper  facs.,  &  potte- 
ries.    6  newsp.     1  acad.     P.  8,576. 

II.  p-t.,  semi-cap.  Middlesex  co.  Mass., 
on  both  sides  of  Concord  r.  Here,  on  the 
19th  April,  1775,  was  made  the  first  for- 
cible resistance  to  British  aggression.  A 
marble  monument  marks  the  spot  where 
the  first  enemy  fell  in  the  war  of  the 
revolution.    2newsps.,  &  1  acad.  P.  2,249. 

III.  p-t.,   Essex  CO.  Vt.,  on  the  W. 

bank  of  the  Connecticut.  It  is  a  good 
grazing  town.  P.  1,024. IV.  t.,  Som- 
erset CO.  Me. — — V.  t.,  Erie  co.  N.  Y., 
watered  by  Cattaraugus  creek.'     Some 

manufs.     JP.  3,021.- VI.  t,    Erie  co. 

Penn. VII.  t.,  I^elaware  co.   Penn., 

watered  by  Painter's  cr.     P.  1,057. 

VIII.  p-t..   Lake   co.  0.     P.  1,136. 

IX.  p-v.,  cap.  Cabarrus  co.  N.  C,  on  a 
branch  of  Rooky  riv.     County  buildings. 

Cotton  factories    &    1    acad. X.  p-t., 

Jackson  CO.  Mich.  Extensive  water  power. 

P.  814. XI.  t..   Green  co.   Ark. 

XII.  t.,  Ross  CO.  0.    P.  935. XIII.  t., 

Delaware  co.  0.     P.  1,185. XIV.  t., 

Lafayette  co.  0.     P.  1,014. XV.  t., 

Highland  co.  0.     P.  1,014. XVI.  t., 

Miami  co.  0.  Breweries.  2  newsps.  P. 
1,034. 

Concordia,  lake,  La. II.  pa..  La., 

in  the  E.  part  of  the  state,  between  the 
Mississippi,  Teusces,  &  Red  rivs.  It  con- 
tains 1,300  sq.  m.  Surface  level,  &  liable 
to  submersion.  Soil  exceedingly  fertile. 
Staple  commod.  cotlon.     P.  7,758.     Cap. 

Vidalia. III.  (di  qua),  a  town  of  N. 

Italy,  gov.  Venice,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Limene. 

P.  1,330. IV.    a  walled  town  of  the 

duchy  Modena,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Secchia. 
P.  3,600. 

CoNDAMiNE  River,  E.  Australia,  is  a 
head  stream  of  the  Darling  riv. 

CoNDAPiLLv,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras,  dislr.,  on  the  Kistnah. 


220 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY, 


[con 


CoNDAT,    several   comms.  &  vills.  of 

France. 1-  dep  Correze.  P.  1.730.- ■ 

II.  dep.  Pu.y-de-Dume.  P.  1,700. III. 

(en  Feniers),  dejj.  Cantal.    P.  3,630. 

CoNDATCHY,  a  bay  &  vill.  of  Ceylon, 
on  its  W.  coast,  120  m.  N.  Colombo.  It 
is  the  centre  of  the  celeb,  pearl  fishery  of 
the  gulf  of  Manaar. 

CoNDE,  sev.  comms.,  towns,  &  vills.  of 

France. 1,  dep.  Nord.     P.  3,504. 

II.  (Condi  vieux),  a  vill.,  dep.  Nord,  on 

r.  b.  of  the  Scheldt.     P.  2,981. 111. 

(sur  Noireau),  dsTp.  Calvados.  P.  5,485. 
Manufs.  linens,  cotton,  &  mixed  fabrics, 
muslins,  cotton-yarn,  cutlery,  &  leather. 

IV.  (sur  Fire),  a  coram.  &  vill.,  dep. 

Manche,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Vires.  P.  2,164. 
— — V.  (siir  Huine),  dep.  Orne.  P.  1,382. 

VI.  (surlton),  dep.  Eure,  on  1.  b.  of 

the  Iton.     P.  1,100. 

Condom,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Gers, 
cap.  arrond.,  on  the  Bayse.     P.  3,937. 

CoNDOMOis,  a  former  dist.  of  France, 
in  the  old  prov.  of  Gascogne. 

CoNDRiEu,  acomm.  &  t.  of  France,  dep. 
Rhone,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Rhone.     P.  3,172. 

Conecuh,  a  co.,  in  S.  part  of  Alabama, 
watered  by  river  of  same  name,  which, 
flowing  through  Florida,  enters  the  gulf 
of  Mexico  at  Pensacola  Ijay,  &  navigable 
for  100  m.  Area  of  CO.  1,531  m.    P.  9,822. 

CoNEDOGWiNiT,  Creek,  Pa.,  after  a 
course  of  80  m.,  falls  into  the  Susque- 
hanna, 2  m.  above  Harrisburg. 

CoNEGj-iANO,  a  town,  N.  Italy,  gov. 
Venice.     P.  6,459. 

CoNEMAUGH,  riv..  Pa.,  rises  in  the 
Alleghany  mntns.,  &  runs  W.N.W.  into 
the  Alleghany  riv.     Length,  150  m. 

II.  t.,  Cambria  co.  Penn.     P.  1,288.- — 

III.  t.,  Indiana  co.  Penn.,  drained  by 
Blacklegs  cr.     P.  1,441. 

CoNEQUENESsiNG,  a  township,  Penn., 
CO.  &  12  m.  W.  Butler.     P.  2,698. 

CoNESTOGA,  a  tnshp.  of  Pennsylvania, 

5  m.  S.  Lancaster.     P.  2,886. 
CoNEsus,  to»vn,   Livingston  co.  N.  Y., 

betw.  Conesus  &  Hemlock  lakes.  P. 1,654. 

CoNEsviLLE,  t.,  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y. 

CoNEwAGO,  t.,  Yorkco.  Pa.    P.   1,116. 

II.   a  br.   of  Susquehanna ;   also   a 

creek  in  Pa.,  40  m.  long. 

CoNEWANGO,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus .  co. 
N.  Y.     P.  1,317. 

CoNFLANs,  a  town  of  the  Sardinian 
states,  cap.  prOv.  Upper  Savoy.  P.  1,335. 

^11.  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Sarthe.  P. 

1,220.     Several  communes  in  the  central 

6  E.  deps.  of  France  have  this  name. 
CoNFLANs  St.  HoNORiNE,  a  comm.  & 

vill.  of  France,  dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  on  r. 
b.  of  the  Seine.    P.  1,520.      - 


CoNFLENTi,  a  market  town  of  Naples, 
prov.  Calab.  Ult.  II.     P.  2,000. 

CoNFOLENs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Charente,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Vienne.  P. 
2,289. 

Cong,  a  small  town  of  Irel.,  Con- 
'naught,  CO.  Mayo. 

CONGAREE,  r.,  S.  C. 

CoNGLETON,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  Ches- 
ter, in  the  deep  valley  of  the  Dane. 

Congo,  an  extensive  but  little  known 
country  of  W.  Africa  in  S.  Guinea.  Con- 
go proper  is  separated  from  Loango  on 
the  N.  by  the  riv.  Zaire,  S.  from  An- 
gola by  the  Dande,  &  is  bounded  W.  by 
the  Atlantic,  &  E.  by  the  countries  of  the 
interior,  cap.  Banza,  called  by  the  Portu- 
guese San  Salvador. 

CoNGOON,  a  marit.  town  of  Persia, 
prov.  Ears,  with  a  port  on  the  N.  shore 
of  the  Persian  gulf.     P.  6,000. 

CoNGRass,  t.,  Richland  co.  0.  P. 
1,248. II.  p-t.,  AVayneco.  0.  P.  2,006. 

CoNHOCTON,  tovTn,  Steuben  co.  N.  Y. 
P. 1,993.  Also  riv.  which  with  the  Tioga 
forms  the  Chemung.     Length  55  m. 

CoNi,  a  town  of  the  Sardinian  states, 
Piedmont,  cap.  div.,  prov.  &  mand.,  on 
an  eminence  at  the  confl.  of  the  Stura  & 
Gezzo.  P.  18,777.  It  has  a  cathedral, 
a  fine  town  ha:ll,  a  royal  college,  hospital, 
orphan  asylum,  with  manufs.  of  silk  & 
other  fabrics. 

CoNiL,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Cadiz.  P. 
1,542. 

CoNiTz,  a  town  of  W.  Prussia,  reg. 
Marienwerder,  on  the  Brahe.     P.  1,203. 

CoNJEVERAM,  a  considerable  town  of 
Briti.sh  India,  presid.  &  42  m.  S.W.  Ma^ 
dras  &  on  the  riv.  Palaur. 

CoNKLiN,  p-t.,  Broome  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
1,475. 

CoNLiE,  a  coram.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Sarthe,  cap.  cant.    P.  1,627. 

CoNNAUGHT,  the  mo§t  W.  &  smallest 
of  the  4  provs.  of  Ireland,  bounded  on  N. 
&  ^Y.  by  the  Atlantic.  Greatest  length 
from  S.  to  N.,  86  m, ;  greatest  breadth, 
81  m.  P.  1,418,859.  The  numerous 
bays  &  sounds  afford  commodious  harbors. 
The  W.  part  of  the  prov.,  including  the 
isls.  is  mntnous.,  the  elevation  in  many 
parts  amounting  to  2,000  feet,  forming 
highly  picture.-que  scenery.' 

CoNNEAUT,  t.,   Crawford   co.    Pa.     P. 

1,534. II.   t.,  Erie   co.   Pa.,  contains 

lake  of  same  namo.~  P.  1,776. III.  t., 

Ashtabula  co.  0.,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the 
state.  1  acad.  Considerable  shipping. 
P.  2,642.  ^^^ 

Connecticut,  the  southernmost  of  the 
Eastern   U.  S.,  is  bounded  N.  by  Mass., 


con] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


221 


E.  by  K.  I.,  S.  by  L.  I.  sornid,  &  W.  by 
N.  Y.  It  is  between  41°  &  42°  2',  & 
contiins  4,674  sq.  m.  P,370,791.  The 
caps,  are  IlaiU'urd  &  New  Ilnven.  Tlie 
slate  is  divided  into  8  couniies.  Con- 
necticut is  in  general  a  hilly  country. 
The  soil  is  generally  good,  but  better 
adapted  to  grazing  than  tillage.  The 
land  on  the  Conneeiicut  river  is  exceed- 
ingly fertile.  The  common  agricultural 
fruits  of  the  latitude  are  produced.  The 
shore  of  Connecticut  is  indented  with  nu- 
merous bays  &  creeks  which  furnish  many 
harbors.  The  principal  seaports  are  New 
Iioudon,  which  has  one  of.  the  finest  har- 
bors in  the  country,  New  Haven,  which 
has  a  safe  but  shallow  harbor,  &  Bridge- 
port. Long  Isl  ind  sound  extends  the 
whole  length  of  the  state.  New  Haven 
is  principally  engaged  in  the  West 
India  trade  ;  New  London  in  the  whal- 
ing business.  The  exports  of  this  state 
consist  of  beef,  pork,  horses,  cattle,  mules, 
butter,  cheese,  Indian  corn,  rye,  flax- 
seed, fish,  candles,  &  soap.  Iron  ore 
of  superior  quality  is  found  in  Salisbury 
&  Kent,  fine  marble  in  Milford,  &  ex- 
cellent freestone  in  Chatham  &  Haddam. 
There  are  mineral  springs  at  Stafford  & 
Suffield.  The  climate  is  healthy,  though 
subject  to  extremes  of  heat  &  cold.  The 
3  principal  rivers  are  the  Connecticut, 
Housatonic,  &  Thames.  The  manufa.  of 
Connecticut  are  extensive.  The  follow- 
ing statistics  are  from  the  census  returns 
of  1850  :— 


Cotton. 


Woo!. 


Capital  invested, 

$4,219,100 

$3,773,950 

Bales  of  cotton, 

39,483 

lbs.  9,4  J4,IU0 

Tons  of  coal; 

2,866 

7,912 

Val.  of  raw  mat'I, 

2,500-,062 

3,325;709 

Males  employed, 

2,708 

2,907 

Females     " 

3,478 

2,581 

Wages    of    males 

per  month, . 

51,679 

70,141 

Wagt'S  of  females 

per  month, 

41,060 

33,210 

Av'ge  for  males, 

19  08 

24  12 

''       females, 

]1  81 

13  25 

Entire  val.  of  prod., 

4,257,522 

6,465,216 

No.  yds.  sheeting, 

&c., 

51,780,700 

9,408,777 

Total  amnt.  of  cap. 

invested  in  U.  S., 

74,501,031 

28,1 18,650 

In  cotton  manufactures,  Connecticut 
ranks  the  5th  state. 

In  woollen  manufactures,  Connecticut 
ranks  the  3d  state. 

Pig-  iron.  Iron  castbiffs. 

Capitalinve^sted,      $225,600  $.i8().80O 

Toflsofore  used,  35,4.50  pig  iron     1I,H98 

Bushels  charc'l,      2,870.000  30,600 

"Val.  raw  mal'l,  289,225  351,369 


Pig  iron. 
No.   hands   em- 

ploycil,  males,  148 

Wages  (ler  mo.,  3,967 

Aver;ig,.  wages,  26  80 

Tons  o!'  inm  made,       13,420 
tnlire  value,  415,600 

'1  olai  capital  in- 
vested iu  U.  S.,  $17,340,425 


Iron  casfffs. 

942 

27  02 

11,210 

981,400 

$17,416,361 


This  state  has  3  colleges.  Yale  college, 
founded  1701  at  Saybrook,remo  ved  toNew 
Haven  1717.  It  is  one  of  the  most  floijrish- 
ing  institutions  of  the  kind  in  the  U.  S. 
Washington  college  &  Episcopal  insti- 
tution was  founded  at  Hartford  1826. 
The  Wesleyan  University  at  Middletown, 
a  Methodist  Institution.  There  are  also 
127  acads.  &  grammar  schools  in  the  state. 
Connecticut  has  a  school-fund  of  over 
S2,000,000.  Connecticut  has  no  state 
debt.  There  is  1  canal  &  numerous  rail- 
rdads.     Connecticut  was  settled  in    1633 

at  Windsor. II.  river,  the  largest  in 

New  England,  rises  on  the  N.  border  of 
New  Hampshire,  separates  that  state 
from  Vermont,  traverses  Massachusetts 
&  Connecticut,  &  enters  Long  Island 
soimd,  30  m.  E.  New  Haven,  after  a  S. 
coui'se,  estimated  at  410  m.  It  is  dis- 
tinguished for  its  shad  fisheries. 

CoNNELsviLLE,  p-t.,  Fa-yetteco.  Pa. 
P.  1,436. 

CoNN'ERN,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  reg.  Merseburg.     P.  2,730. 

CoNKEEsviLLE,  a  township,  Fayette  co. 
Indiana.     P.  1,435. 

CcNQUEs,  two  small  towns  of  France. 

1,  dep.  Aveyron,  cap.  cant.  P.  1,360. 

II.  dep.  Aude,  cap.  cant.,  on  1.  b.  of 

the  Orbiel.     P.  1,740. 

Conquest,  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.,  on 
Seneca  r. 

CoNQUET  (Le),  a  maritime  comoi.  & 
town  of-  France,  dep.  Finistere,  with  a 
port  on  the  Atlantic.     P.  1,312. 

CoNSELicE,  a  market  town-  of  Central 
Italy,  Pontif.  states.     P.  2,000. 

CoNSELVE,  a  market  town  of  N.  Italy, 
gov.  Venice,  prov.  Pad:ua.     P.  4,678. 

Constable,  town  of  Franklin  co.  N.  Y. 
Drained  by  Trout  riv. 

Constance  (Lake  of),  a  lake,  Europe, 
between  Switzerland  &  Germany.  L.  42 
m. ;  b.  9  m. ;  elev.  above  the  sea,  1,250  ft. ; 

depth,  964  ft.^ II.  a  fortfd.  city  of  the 

grand  diiehy  of  Baden,  cap.  cire.  Lake, 
on  the  S.W.  shore  of  the  lake  of  Constance, 
at  the  influx  of  the  Rhine,  35  m.  N.B. 
Zurich.  P.  6,379.  It  is  highly  pictur- 
esque in  its  architecture.  Chief  edifice, 
a  magnificent  cathed.,  founded  in  the  11th 
century,  &  the  Kaufhaus,  in  which  the 


222 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[con 


famous  council  of  Constance  sat  from  1414 
to  1418  (&  which  deposed  three  anti-popes, 
&  condemned  Huss  &  Jerome  of  Prague). 
It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods, 
watches,  &  silk  fabrics. 

CONSTANTIA,     p-t.,     Oswego    CO.    N.    Y. 

Oneida  lake  bounds  it  on  the.  south.     P. 

1,476. -II.  a  vill.  of  the  Cape  Colony, 

South  Africa,  at  the  E.  base  of  the  Table 
mntn. 

■  CoNSTANTiNA,  a  towu  of  Spain,  prov. 
Sevilla,  near  the  Sierra  de  Constantina. 
P.  6,986.- — The  Sierra  de  Constantina, 
between  Andalusia  &  Estremadura. 

CoNSTANTiNE,  a  fortified  city  of  Alge- 
ria, cap.  prov.  of  same  name,  on  a  de-^ 
tached  height,  surrounded  on  three  sides 
by  ravines,  one  of  which  is  crossed  by 
an  anc.  Roman  bridge.  P:  20,822,  of 
whom  1,919  are  Europeans. 

Constantinople,  the  cap.  city  of -the, 
Turkish,  as  formerly  of  the  Byzantine, 
or  Lower  Roman,  empire,  near  the  E. 
extremity  of  Eui-opean  Turkey,  separated 
by  the  Bo.^phorus  from  Asia-Minor.  Lat. 
of  St.  Sophia's  41°  0'  16"  N.;  Ion.  28° 
59'  14"  E.  P.  estimated  at  400,000,  com- 
posed of  150.000  Greeks  &  Armenians, 
20,000  Europeans,  &  60,000  Jews,  &  the 
remainder  Turks  &  Arabians.  The  city 
proper  occupying  a  triangular  promon- 
tory of  land  between  the  Bosphorus  &  its 
inlet  the  "  Golden  Horn,"  is  enclosed  by 
a  triple  range  of  walls  12J  m.  in  circ,  & 
entered  at  present  bj'  28  gates.  The  city 
is  built  on  an  undulating  declivity,  highest 
on  the  land  side.  Externally  it  has  an 
imposing  appearance  with  its  mosques, 
cupolas,  &  minarets,  interspersed  with 
cypresses,  &  its  port  crowded  with  ship- 
ping ;  .but  internally  it  consists  mostly 
of  a  labyrinth  of  crooked,  ill-paved,  & 
dirty  lanes,  &  a  crowd  of  low  built  & 
small  houses,  formed  of  wood  or  roughly 
hewn  stone.  This  capital,  including  its 
suburbs,  contains  14  royaJ  &  332  other 
mosques,  40  Mohamm,edan  colleges,  183 
hospitals,  36  Christian  churches,  several 
synagogues,  130  public  baths,  &  180 
khans  or  inns,  besides  numerous  bazaars, 
coffee  houses,  &  caravanserais.  The  ex- 
treme point  of  the  city  on  the  E.  is  occu- 
pied by  the  "seraglio."  Immediately 
without  the  seraglio,  is  the  principal 
mosque  of  St.  Sophia,  originally  a  Chris- 
tian cathedral,  built  by  the  emperor  Jus- 
tinian, between  531  &  538,  at  a  cost 
equivalent  to  at  least  1,000,000/.  sterling. 
This  edifice  is  in  the  form  of  a  Greek 
cross,  269  ft.  in  length  by  143  in  breadth 
(in  its  interior),  &  surmounted  by  a  flat- 
tened dome  180  feet  above  the  ground, 


besides  several  minor  cupolas,  &  4  mina- 
rets added  to  it  by  the  Turks.  The  fine 
harbor,  which  has  usurped  the  name  of 
the  promontory  on  which  Byzantium  was 
built,  extends  between  the  city  &  its  sub- 
urbs Pera,  Galata,  &c.,  for  about  4J  m. 
It  is  deep  enough  to  float  ships  of  the 
largest  size,  can  receive  1,200  sail  of  the 
line,  &  is  always  full  of  mercantile  & 
other  vessels,  with  a  vast  number  of  light 
boats,  which  here  form  the  principal 
vehicles  of  transport.  A  bridge  of  boats 
across  it,  constructed  in  1837,  connects 
the  Fanar  with  Pera.  Constantinople 
was  originally  founded  by  Bj'zas,  B.C. 
656,  &  rebuilt  by  Consta.ntine,  a.d.  328, 
since  which  time  it  has  -been  repeatedly 
besieged,  but  only  twice  taken ;  viz.  in 
1204  by  the  Crusaders,  who  retained  it 
till  1261,  &  by  the  Turks  under  Moham- 
med II.,  May  29th,  1453 — an  event  which 
marked  the  final  extinction  of  the  Roman 
empire  in  the  East. 

CoNSTiTFCioN  (La),  a  Small  seaport 
town  of  Chile,  dep.  Maule,  at  themouth. 
of  the  river  of  same  name. 

CoNSTiTUicAO,  a  modern  town,  Brazil, 
prov.  San  Paulo,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Piracica- 
ba.     P.  2,500. 

CoNsuEGEA,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Toledo,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Amarguilla.  P. 
5,124,  manufs- coarse  woollens. 

CoNTAMiNEs  (Les),  a  viU.  of  Savoy, 
prov.  Faucigny.     P.  1,000. 

CoNTEssA,   a  town  of  Sicily,  intend. 

Palermo.      P.  2  500. II.  a  vill.     -P. 

1,000. III.  a  vill.,  European  Turkey, 

Rumili,  on  the  N.  shore  erf'' gulf  of  Con- 
tessa. 

CoNTESsA  (Gulf  of),  Turkey. 

CoNTHEY,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Valais,  on  the  Merge.     P.  2,239. 

CoNTicH.  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Antwerp,  cap.  cant.     P.  3,640. 

CoNTOocooK,  riv.,  N.  H.,  a  branch  of 
the  Merrimac. 

Contra  Costa,  county,  Cal. 

CoNTEEs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Loir-et-Cher,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,817. 

CoNTROGUERRo,  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Abruzzo  Ult.  I.     P.  2,500. 

CoNTEONE,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
priiicip.  Citra.     P.  2,000. 

CoNTURSi,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
principato-Citra,  on  the  Sale.     P.  3,000. 

CoNVEESANO,  a  towu  of  Naplcs,  prov. 
Bavi.     P.  7,720. 

Conway,  co..  Ark.,  in  the  central  part 
of  state,  contains  125  sq.  miles.  It  has 
Arkansas  riv.  on  the  S.W.  border.  Sur- 
face uneven.  The  common  agricultural 
fruits.     P.  3,583.     Cap.  Lewisburg. 


CHl] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


223 


II.  p-t.,  Carroll  co.  N.  H.  A  sulphur 
spring  here  is  resorted  to.  Magnesia  & 
fuller's  earth  are   also  found.     P.  1,801. 

III.  p-t.,  Franiilin  co.  Mass.     Souie 

manufs.     P.  1,409. -IV.  seaport  town 

of  N.  Wales,  co.  Carnarvon,  on  the  estuary 
of  the  above  riv.,  here  crossed  by  a  noble 
tubular  suspension  bridge,  327  feet  in 
length. 

CoNWAYBOEOUGH,  p-v.,  Cap.  of  Horry 
district,  S.  C,  situated  on  WaccamaAv  riv., 
at  the  head  of  steamboat  navigation,  con- 
tains a  court  house. 

CoNzA,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Princi- 
pato-Ult.     P.  2,000. 

Cooch-Bahar,  a  rajahship  of  B.  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

Cook,  co..  111.,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the 
State,  on  Lake  Michigan.  It  consists  of 
prairie,  timber  land,  &  swamp:  drained 
by  Calumic,  Chicago,  &  Des  Plaines  rs. 
Cap.  Cliicago.  The  common  grains  are 
produced.  Some  trade  in  manufs.  5  news- 
p'rs.    P.  43,384. II.  co.,  Texas.  P.  228. 

Cook  Islands,  Pacific  ocean,  S.  Poly- 
nesia, in  S.W.  of  the  Society  isls.,  be- 
tween the  arehip.  of  Tonga  on  the  W.,  & 
Tahiti  on  the  E.  The  principal  are 
Mangeia,  Atiou,  Harvey,  &  Raratonga. 
•p.  50,000.  {1)— {Inlet),  Russ.  Amer.,  is 
between  lat.  58°  &  61°,  opposite  the  isl. 
Kodiak.  L.  130  m.,  br.  70  m.— {Strait), 
New  Zealand,  separates  the  two  principal 
isls.- 

CooKSTOWN,  an  inland  town  of  Ire- 
land, Ulster,  CO.  Tyrone,  on  the  Ballin- 
derry.     P.  3,006. 

CooLOO,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Bengal,  prov.  Orissa,  &  an  inland  mart 
for  traffic  in  cotton  &  salt. 

Coolscamp,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov. 
W.  Flanders.     P.  2,554. 

Cool  Spring,  p-t.,  Mercer  co.  Penn. 
P.  1,934. 

CooMAssiE,  the  cap.  town  of  the  Ash- 
antee  dom.,  Guinea,  about  120  m.  N.N.W. 
Cape  Coast  Castle.     P.  18,000. 

CooNDAPOOR,  a  marit.  town  of  British 
India,  presid  Bombay,  on  the  Malabar 
coast. 

Cooper,  county,  Miss.,  in  the  central 
part  of  the  state  on  Missouri  r.  Soil  ex- 
cellent. Cap.  Booneville.  Staple  corn- 
mod,  wheat,  Indian  corn,  tobacco.  Tan- 
neries &  distilleries,  2  newsps.,  3  acad. 

P.  12,950. II.  r.,  S.  C,  unites  with 

Ashley  r.  to  form  Charleston  harbor. 

CoopERSTOWN,  p-v..  Cap.  Otsego  CO. 
N.  Y.,  situated  on  a  plain  at  the  outlet 
of  Otsego  lake;  a  neat  village.  It  has 
great  water  power.  The  usual  county 
buildings.     1  acad.     P.  1,498. 


CooRG,  a  subdivision  of  Hindostan,  ex- 
tending from  the  Tambacherry  pass  on 
the  S.  to  the  riv.  Hemavutty  on  the  W. 

Coos,  CO.,  N.  H.,  situated  in  the  N. 
part  of  the  state,  &  has  Lower  Canada 
on  the  N.  Area  1,600  sq.  m.  The  White 
mountains  occupy  the  S.  part  of  this  co. 
Surface  rough.  Cap.  Lancaster.  The 
common  grains  are  raised,  &  live  stock 
are  reared.  Consid.  sugar.  Some  man- 
ufs.    1  newsp.,  1  acad.     P.  11,853. 

Coosa,  count3',  Ala.,  a  central  eastern 
CO.,  on  the  E.  side  of  Coosa  r.  E-xitensive 
pine  forests.  Cap.  Rockfort.  Wheat, 
rice,  tobacco  &  cotton  are  produced.     2 

newsp.,   2   acad.      P.    14,543. II.  r., 

Ala.,  rising  in  Ga.  &  uniting  with  Talla- 
poosa to  form  Ala.  r. 

CbosAwATCHiE,  p-v.,  cap.  Beaufort 
dist.,  S.  C,  on  river  of  same  name.     The 

usual  county  buildings. II.  r.,  S.  C, 

branch  of  Broad  r. 

CooTEHiLL,  a  market  town,  Ireland, 
Ulster,  CO.  Cavan,  on  the  Cootehill  r.  P. 
2,425. 

CopAKE,  p-t.,  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
1,505. 

CopAN,  aru%edcity,  Central  America, 
state  Guatemala,  30  m.  E.  Chiquimula. 
Its  remains  comprise  the  walls  of  a  sup- 
posed temple  624  ft.  in  length,  &  many 
pyramidal  structures,  with  sculptured 
idols. 

CoPANO,  a  seaport  town  of  Texas. 

CoPELAND  Islands,  a  small  group, 
Irel.,  Ulster,  co.  Down,  off  the  S.  side  of 
the^entrauce  to  Belfast  Lough. 

CopELY,  p-t..  Summit  co.  0.  Surface 
level.     Soil  good.     P.  1,439. 

Copenhagen,  an  important  city  of  N. 
Europe,  cap.  of  the  kingdom  of  Den- 
mark, in  the  sound,  is  built  on  the  islands 
Seeland  &  Amagei-,  which  are  separated 
by  a  narrow  arm  of  the  sea,  forming  an 
excellent  harbor.  P.  129,300.  Copen- 
hagen is  one  of  the  finest  cities  in  Europe. 
It  is  divided  into  two  parts;  the  smallest 
of  which,  called  Christ ianshavn,  is  on  the 
island  Amager.  Within  the  walls  there 
are  15  open  squares.  It  contains  many 
noble  public  buildings,  -amonf.  which  are 
the  palace  of  Amalienburg,  inhabited  by 
the  roj'al  family,  the  castle  of  Charlot- 
tenburg,  with  a  public  library  of  410,000 
vols.  &  16,000  (?)  MSS.  Its  univer.^ty 
is  rich  &  flourishing;  &  had,  in  1845,  33 
professors  &  1,100  students.  It  has  a 
polytechnic  school,  a  royal  academy  of 
sciences  &  arts,  an  astronomical  &  a 
magnetic  observatory,  a  large  gallery  of 
paintings,  &  a  botanic  garden.  Its  nu- 
merous   academies    publish    important 


224 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OK    GEOGRAPHY. 


[cor 


memoirs.  Copenhagen  is  the  centre  of 
the  commerce  of  the  kingdom,  &  by 
means  of  canals,  large  ships  reach  its 
•warehouses  in  the  centre  of  the  city.  Its 
commerce  extends  to  all  parts  of  the 
world.  It  is  also  the  station  ti}V  the 
naval  force  of  the  kingdom,  &  has  a  can- 
non foundrj',  an  arsenal,  &  extensive 
ship-building  docks. 

CopENSAY,  or  CoPENSHAW,  One  of  the 
small  Orkney  islands. 

CoPEETiNO,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Otranto,  cap.  cant.     P.  3,500. 

CoPET,  a  vill.  of  Switzeriand,  cant. 
Vaudj  on  the  L.  of  Geneva. 

Copiah,  co.,  Miss.,  towards  S.W.  part 
of  the  state,  on  Pearl  r.  Contains  990 
sq.  m.  Cap.  Gallatin.  Staple  produc- 
tions, rice  &  cotton.  1  newsp.  P.  11,794. 
CoPiAPO,  a  volcano,  riv.,  town,  &  dist. 
of  Chile ;  the  volcano  in  the  Andes,  the 
riv.  flowing  W.-ward  from  it  to  the  Pa- 
cific, which,  after  a  ^course  of  120  m.,  it 
enters  at  Copiapo  bay;  the  dist.  is  200 
m.  in  length  by  100  ra.  in  breadth,  rich  in 
metallic  products,  but  with  a  barren  soil, 
&  scantily  peopled.  The  town  of  Copiapo, 
the  most  northerly  of  Chile,  dep.  Co- 
quinto  on  the  Copiapo  riv.,  30  m.  from  its 
mouth  in  the  Pacific.  A  railway  ter- 
minates here.     P.  3,000. 

CoppENBRUGGE,  a  Small  t.  of  Hanover. 
Coppermine  River,  Brit.  N.  Amer., 
entei-s  an  inlet  of  the  Arctic  ocean  N.E. 
of  the  Great  Bear  lake,  after  a  course 
estimated  at  250  m.  ^Y.  of  it  are  the 
Coppermine  mntns. 

CoPuL,  a  town  of  India,  Peecan,  Ni- 
zam's dom. 

Coquet,  a  small  riv.  of  Engl.,  co. 
Northumberland. 

CoQUiKBO,  a  dep.  of  Chile.  Estimated 
area  31,840  sq.  m.,  &  pop.  30,000.  Sur- 
face bare  &  unwatered,  but  it  contains 
some  of  the  richest  mines  in  S.  America. 
Coquimbo.  or  La  Serena,  is  one  of  the 
chief  seaport  towns,  &  cap.  of  the  depart- 
ment situated  on  the  Pacific,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Coquimbo  riv.  P.  6,000.(?) 
Cora,  the  cap.  town  of  the  isl.  Samos, 
Asiat.  Turkey. 

CoEAL  Sea,  is  that  part  of  the  Pacific 
ocean,  bounded  W.  by  Australia,  &  E.by 
the  archip.  of  New  Hebrides. 

CORATO,  a  city  of  Naples,  prov.  Eari, 
cap.  dist.    P.  11, '680. 

CoEAY,  a  coram.  &  market  town  of 
Prance,  dep.  Finist^ie.     P.  1,850. 

CoRBACH,  a  walled  town,  Cent.  Ger- 
many, cap.  principality  Waldeck,  on  the 
Itter,  which  divides  it  into  an  old  &  a 
new  town,  28  m.  S.W-  Cassel.    P.  2,200. 


CoEBEiL,  a  comm.^  town  of  France; 
dop.  Se:ne-et-Oise,  cap.  arrond.,  on  the 
Seine,     P.  4,000. 

CosBETTA,  a  ^1.,  N.  Italj,  gov.  Ven- 
ice.    P.  3,734. 

Corbie,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Somme,  cap.  cant.,  &  the  railw.  de 
Nord.     P.  1,819. 

CoEBiGNY,  a  comm.  <t  town  of  Prance, 
dep.  Nievre,  cap.  cant.,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Ar- 
guisson.     P.  1,729. 

CoRciEux,  a  comin.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Vosges,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,640. 

CoEDEMAis,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Loire  Inf.     P.  2,238. 

CoRDEs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn,  cap.  cant.     P.  2,413. 

CoEDiLLEEA,  the  Spanish  name  of  a 
mountain  chain.     [Andes] 

CoHDOUAN  (Tower  of),  a  light-house 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Gironde,  on  a  rock. 

Cordova,  a  city  of  Spain,  cap.  prov.  of 
same  name,  &  formerly  cap.  kgdm.  in  a 
salubrious  plain  on  the  Guadalquivir,  85 
m.  N.B.Sevilla.  P.  41,976.  Its  Moorish 
walls,  built  on  Eom.  foundations,  enclose 
a  large  area,  much  of  v.'hich  is  now  occu- 
pied by  gardens  or  by  ruins,  except  one 
large  square,  bordered  by  lofty  &  hand- 
some edifices.  It  communicates  with  a 
suburb  across  the  riv.  by  a  noble  stone 
bridge  of  16  arches,  built  by  the  Moors 
in  the  8th  century,  &  commanded  by  a 
Saracenic  castle,  still  kept  in  a  state  of 
defence.  The  famous  Cordovan  manufs. 
of  teather  (hence  called  Cordwairt)  have 
declined  into  insignificance ;  but  the  sil- 
versmith's &  filigree  workers  of  this  city 
maintain  their  repute.  Cordova  was 
taken  by  the  Moors  in  672,  &  for  many 
centuries  afterwards  remained  the  splen- 
did cap.  of  the  "  Caliphate  of  the  West.''' 
It  was  taken  bv  Ferdinand  III.,  king  of 
Castilla,  in  1236,  &  became  cap.  of  one  of 
the  4  old  provs.  of  Andalucia,  with  the 
title  of  kgdm. 

Cordova,  a  town  of  the  Mexic.  confed., 
dep.  Vera  Cruz,  on  the  S.  route  to  Mexi- 
co.    P.  5,000.(7) 

Cordova,  a  republic,  Plata,  confed.,  S. 
Am'er.,  near  its  centre.  P.  86,000.  Sur- 
face mostly  mountainous,  rising  in  some 
places  to  2,500  feet  in  elevation. —  Cor- 
dova, the  cap.,  is  in  lat.  31°  25'  14". 
Estim.  pop.  14,000. 

CoRDOVADO,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  gov. 
Venice.     P.  2,400. 

Core  Sound,  on  the  coast  of  N.  C. ; 
40  m.  long;  opens  in  the  N.E.  into  Pam- 
lico sound.  The  island  which  encloses  it 
contains- Cape  Lockout. 

Coeea,    a  peninsular   country  Of   E. 


cor] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


225 


Asia,  tributary  to  China,  &  also  to  Ja- 
pan. Area,  including  isls.,  80,000  sq-  m. 
Pop.  uncertain.  Coast  line  elevate!  & 
fertile;  the  interior  is  little  known.  Pro- 
ducts comprise  wheat,  rice,  cotton,  hemp, 
tobacco,  ginseng,  the  fruit?  "f  J^-  Cliina, 
plenty  of  cattle  &  timber,  furs,  bullion, 
iron,  rock-salt,  &  coal.  Manufs.  are  sim- 
ilar to  those  of  the  Chinese.  The  Archip. 
of  Corea  comprises  numerous  isls.  &  islets 
in  the  Yellow  sea,  &  on  the  coasts  of  the 
peninsula;  the  chief  are  Quelpaert  & 
Amherst. —  Corea  strait  is  between  the 
peninsula  of  Cfirea  &  the  isl.  of  Kiusiu. 

CoRELLA,  a  town  of  Spain,  i^rov.  Na- 
varra,  in  a  fertile  plain,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Alharaa.  P.  4,648.  It  has  an  hospital, 
&  sevl.  distilleries,  oil  mills,  &  liquorice 
factories. 

CoRENTYN,  a  river  of  S.  Amer.,  rises 
in  Mt.  Acarai,  flows  generally  N.,  sep- 
arating British  &  Dutch  Guiana,  &  enters 
the  Atlantic. 

CoHPE- Castle,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co. 
Dorset,  Isle,of  Purbeck.     P.  1,946. 

Corfu,  one  of  the  Ionian  isls.,  &,  the 
seat  of  their  government,  next  in  size  to 
Cephalonia,  in  the  Mediterrane^,  oppo- 
site the  coast  of  Albania,  from  which  it  is 
separated  by  a  narrow  channel.  Shape 
elongated  &  irregular.  Extreme  length 
40  m.,  breadth  2  to  18  m.  Area  227  .-^q. 
m.  P.  74,913.  Surface  hilly  &,  very  pic- 
turesque ;  soil  fertile.;  climate  hot,  very 
variable,  k  unhealthy  on  the  coasts. 

Corfu,  a  fortified  seaport  city,  cap. 
above  i.«l.,  near  the  centre  of  its  E.  coa,?t. 
P.  20,000.  It  is  beautifully  situated  on 
an  eminence.  -  Corfu  is  the  seat  of  the 
pari.,  senate,  &,  high  judicial  court. of  the 
Ionian  isls.,  &  of  a  university  &,  college. 
It  has  a  safe  &  convenient  harbor. 

Corfu  (Channel  of),  an  arm  of  the 
Mediterranean,  between  the  isl.  Corfu  & 
the  mainland  of  Epiyus,  about  30  m.  in 
length. 

CoRi,  a  town  of  Cent.  Italy,  Pontif  sta. 
P.  3,000. 

CoEiA,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Caeeres, 
on  the  Alagon.     P.  1,770. 

CoEiGLiANO,  two  towns  of  Naples. 

J.  prov.  Calabria  Cit..  cap.dist.  P.  8,260. 
It  is  gloomy  k  ill  built.  Has  a  fine  castle, 

&  manufs.  of  woollen  cloth. II.  prov. 

Otranto.     P.  2,160. 

CoRiNALDO,  a  town  of  Cent.  Italy,  Pon- 
tif. sta.,  between  the  Misa  &  the  Cesano. 
P.  5,859. 

CoRiNGA,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Ca- 
lab.  Ult.  II,     P.  3,000. 
^  CoRiNGA,  a  considerable  seaport  town 
of.  British  India,  presid.  Madras,  on  one 
10* 


of  the  mouths  of  the  Grodavery,  with  the 
only  harbor  (except  Blackwood's),  hav- 
ing smooth  water  on  the  AV  side  of  Ben- 
gal bay  during  the  S.W.  monsoon. 

CoEiNNA,  t.,  Penobscot  co.  Me.  P. 
1,704. 

CoBiNTH,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.  Me., 
drained  by  a  branch  of  Penobscot  r.     P. 

1,318. II.. p-t., -Orange  co.  Yt.,  drained 

by  branches  Wait's  r.,  which  afford  water 

power.     P.  1,970. III.  p-t.,  Saratoga 

CO.  N.  Y.,  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Hudson 

r.   Trade  in  lumber  consid.  P.  1,365. 

IV.  a  city  of  the  kgdm.  of  Greece,  cap. 
dep.  of  same  name,  on  the  isthmus  of 
Corinth,  between  the  gulfs  of  Lepanto  on 
the  W.,  &  Egina  on  the  E.  P.  2,000. 
St.  Paul  preached  the  gospel  here,  during 

more  than  a  year. V.  {Gulf  of),  au 

arm  of  the  Mediterranean,  extending  into 
the  centre  of  indep.  Greece.     Len-  W.  to 

E.  75  m. ;  av.  br.  15  m. VI.  {Isth.  of), 

a  neck  of  land,  in  Greece,  uniting  the 
Morea  with  Attica,  between  the  gulfs  of 
Corinth  &  ^gina.     Length  about  20  m. 

CoEio,  a  mkt.  town,  Sard,  states,  cap. 
mand.,  prov.  Turin.     P.  5,813. 

Cork,  the  most  southerly  &  largest  co. 
of  Ireland,  Munster,  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  J;imerick,  N.E.  by  Tipperary,  E.  by 
Waterford,  &  on  the  other  sides  by  the 
Atlantic  ocean.  Greatest  length  100  m., 
breadth  55  m.  Area,  2,885  sq.  m.  P.  (in 
1840)  773,398— (in  1850)  238,241.  Coast 
deeply  indented  by  some  of  the  finest 
bays  &  harbors  in  the  world  ;  the  prin- 
cipal being  Bantry  &  Dunmr.nus  bays. 
Principal  rivs.,  the  Blaokwater,  Lee,  & 
Bandon.  Chief  crops,  oats,  wheat,  &  po- 
tatoes.   Principal  manufs^  linen  weaving, 

with  distilling  in  Cork. II.    a  city, 

pari,  bor.,  &  river  port  of  Ireland,  cap. 
CO.  Cork,  &  a  co.  of  itself,  on  the  Lee,  11 
m.  above  the  entrance  of  Cork  harbor,  & 
137  m.  S.W.  Dublin.  P.  (in  1851)  86,485. 
The  city-proper  is  built  on  an  isl.  formed 
by  the  Lee,  which  riv.  is  here  crossed  by 
9  modern  bridges,  sevei-al  of  them  elegant 
structures.  Its  main  streets  are  broad, 
well  paved,  &  lighted  with  gas  ;  but  a 
large  part  of  the  city  consists  of  wretched 
lanes,  inhabited  by  a  jxip.  in  the  lowest 
destitution.  Principal  scientific  institu- 
tions, Queen's  college,  the  school  of 
medicine  &  surgerj',  Cork  library,  phil- 
osophical library,  fine  art,  Cuvierian, 
agricultural,  horticultural,  &,  other  soci- 
eties. Principal  manufs.  are  of  leather, 
iron,  &  other  metallic  goods,  glass,  gloveSj 
&  paper,  &  there  are  some  extensive 
breweries  &  distilleries. —  Gork  harbor  is 
a  fine  land-locked  basin,  formed  by  the 


226 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[cor 


estuary  of  the  Lee.  It  is  large  &  deep 
enough  to  contain  the  whole  British  navy, 
&  has  an  entrance  1  m.  across,  within 
which  its  breadth  varies  to  8  m. 

Corlaer's  Hook,  the  S.E.  point  of 
the  city  of  New  York,  at  a  sudden  bend 
in  the  East  river. 

CoRLAY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  COtes-du-Nord,  esq},  cant.     P.  1,475. 

UoRLEONE,  a  town  of  Sicily,  Palermo, 
on  a  hill  near  the  source  of  the  Belici. 
P.  16,000.  It  is  pretty  well  built,  a  royal 
college,  prison,  &  hospital,  with  a  brisk 
trade. 

CoELiN,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pomerania. 
P.  2,430. 

CoRMAYEUR,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  Pied- 
moat,  prov.  Aosta,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Dora 
Baltea,  &  4,029  ft.  above  the  sea.  P. 
1,535. 

CoRMEiLLEs,  two  comms.  &  mkt.  towns 

of  France. 1,   dep.   Oise.     P.    1,620. 

II.  dep.  Eure,^cap.  cant.     P.  1,390. 

Manufs.  of  parchment. 

CoRME-RoYAL,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Charente  Inf.     P.  1,217. 

CoRMERY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Indre-et-Loire.     P.  1.048. 

OoRMiCY,  a  comm.'  &  mkt.  "town  of 
France,  dep.  Marne.     P.  1,500. 

CoRMONS,  a  walled  town  of  Illyria, 
gov.  Triest.     P.  3,600. 

CoRNEGLiANO,  two  market  towns,  Sard. 

Etai;es. 1,  div.  prov.   Genoa,    on  the 

Mediterr.      P.  2,888. II.  Piedmont, 

prov.  Alba.     P.  1,814. 

CoRNEiLLE-LA-RiviEEE,  a  comm.  & 
town  of  France,  dep.  Pyrenees  Orient. 
P.  1,131. 

CoRNETO,  a  marit.  town  of  Cent.  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta.,  on  a  lofty  height,  bordering 
the  Mediterr.     P.  3,800. 

CoRNiA,  a  riv.  of  Tuscany,  flows  & 
enters  the  Mediterr.  Length  24  m.  Its 
basin  is  remark,  for  volcanic  phenomena., 
springs  of  carbonic  acid  &  mineral  waters. 

CORNIMONT-HORNENBERG,    a  COmm.   & 

town  of  Prance,  dep.  Vosges.     P,  2,720. 

Corning,  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.,  on  the  S. 
side  of  Chemung  riv.  It  has  extensive 
railroad  &  canal  communication.  Trade 
in  lumber  &  coal.     Some  manufs. 

Cornish,  t.,  York  co.  Me.   It  produces 

good  wheat.  P.  1,263. II.  t.,  Sullivan 

CO.  N.  H.  It  has  the  Connecticut  on  its 
W.  border.     P.  1,726. 

CoRNus,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Aveyron,  cap.  cant.,  on  the 
Boras.    P.  1,860. 

CoRNViLLE,  t.,  Somerset  co.  Me.  P. 
1,140. 

CoENWALL,    t.,    Addison   co.    Vt.,   on 


'  Otter  cr.    It  contains  a  large  swamp.    P. 

I  1,164. II.  t.,  Litchfield  CO.  Conn.,  on 

Housatonic  r.     A  foreign  mission  school 
for  the  education  of  heathen  youth  was 

I  established   here  in   1718.      Furnaces  & 

!  manufs.  of  woollen.    P.  1,703. III.  t, 

!  Orange  CO.  N.  Y.  Mountainous.  Butter 
Hill  &  Crow's  Nest,  the  highest  peaks  of 
the  highlands,  are  here;  &  the  sites  of 
old  forts  Putnam,  Clinton,  &  Montgomery. 
The  town  also  embraces  West  Point. 

Cornwall,  a  co.  of  Engl.,  forming  its 
S.W.  extremity,  enclosed  on  all  sides  by 
the  sea  except  E.-ward  where  it  is  mostly 
separated  from  Devonshire  by  the  river 
Tamar.  Length  78  m. ;  breadth  43  m. 
P.  356,662.  Principal  rivers,  the  Tamaf, 
Lynher,  Towey,  Fal,  &  Camel  or  Alan. 
Cornwall  is  rich  in  metals,  its  tin  mines 
have  been  known  &  wrought  from  remote 
antiquity.  The  capital  invested  in  the 
Corni.sh  mines  is  estimated  at  nearly  2^ 
millions  sterling,  &  about  71,000  hands 
are  employed.  The  tin  produced  is  esti- 
mated to  average  4,000  tons  annuallyT 
Nearly  all  the  ores  are  sent  intoS.  Wales 
to  be  smelted.  About  5,000  tons  of  soap-- 
stone,  &  7,000  do.  of  porcelain  clay,  are 
shipped  annually  from  Cornwall  for  the 
potteries. 

Cornwall  (New),  a  country  of  Brit. 

N.  America,  Columbia,  on  the  Pacific  0. 

CoRNWALUS,  a  CO.  of  Lower  Canada, 

extending  160  m.  along  the  S.E.  b.  of  the 

St.  Lawrence,  at  present  thinly  inhabited. 

II.   a  town  of  Nova   Scotia,  King's 

CO.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  bay  of  Fundy. 

III.   [Island)^  British  N.  Amer.,  Arctic 

ocean,   E.   of  Bathurst  isl. IV.  New 

Shetland,    S.  Atlantic. V.   Mulgrave 

archip.,  Pacific,  N.  of  Kadack  isl. 

CoRO,  a  marit.  city  of  S.  Amer.,  Vene- 
zuela, of  which  it  was  once  the  cap.,  now 
cap.  prov.,  in  a  sandy  plain  near  the  gulf 
of  Maraca"ybo.     P.  4,000. 

Cqhomandel  Coast,  India,  extends 
along  the  side  of  the  peninsula,  through 
nearly  6°  of  lat.,  from  Point  Calymsre 
to  the  mouth  of  the  river  Kistnah.  It 
has  no  good  harbor,  &  is  heavily  surf- 
beaten. 

Coronata,  an  isl.  of  Dalmatia,  in  the 
Adriatic,  ciro.  Zara. 

Coronation  Gulf,  Arctic  ocean,  Brit. 
N.  America. 

Coronation  Island,  New  S.  Shetland, 
S.   Atlantic  ocean. II.  Kuss.  Amer., 

AV.  of  Prince  of  Wales's  archipelago. 
Coronil,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Se- 

villa,  on  a  crown-shaped  hill.     P.  3,920. 
Corps,  two  towns  of  France. 1,  dep. 

Iseie,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Drac.    P.  1,414. 


cor] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


227 


— — -11.  (Nuds-les-Trois-Maisons),  dep. 
lUe-et-Vilaine.     P.  2,342. 

CoEPUs  Christi  Bay,  a  lagoon  of  N. 
America,  Texas,  co.  Refugio,  forming  the 
N.  extremity  of  the  Laguna  del  Madre, 
&   separated   by  Mustang   isl.  from   the 

gulf  of  Mexico. II.  t.,  San  Patricio 

CO.  Texas. 

Corral  de  ALMAauER,a  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Toledo.     P.  3,378. 

OoRREGAUM,  a  vill.  of  Brit.  India,  pre- 
sid.  Bombay,  on  the  Beemah. 

CoRREGio,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  duchy 
Modena.     P.  4,000. 

CoRHESE,  a  vill.  of  Cent.  Italy,  Pontif. 
state,  near  river  of  same  name. 

CoRREZE,  a  dep.  of  France,  formed  of 
part  of  the  old  prov.  Limousin,  near  its 
centre.  Area,  2,290  sq.  m.  P.  317,569. 
Surface  hilly,  climate  temperate.  Prineip. 
rivs.  the  Dordogne  &  Vezere.  Soil  poor. 
Corn  is  raised  for  exportation,  but  many 
of  the  pop.  subsist  on  chestnut  flour. 

CoEREzE,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Cor- 
reze,  cap.  cant.,  with  1,760  inhabs. 

CoREiB  (Lough),  one  of  the  largest 
lakes  in  Ireland,  Connaught.  Shape  very 
irregular. 

CoEEiENTEs,  a  dep.  of  the  Plata  con- 
ted.  Area,  20,000  sq.  m.,  &  pop.  from 
35,000  to  40,000.  Chf  towns  Corrientes 
A  St.  Lucia. — Corrientes.  the  cap.  is  situ- 
ated on  the  Parana,  near  the  confl.  of  the 
Paraguay.  P.  45,000.  A  riv.,  same 
state,  &  sev.  capes  in  Cuba,  Mexico,  & 
N.  Granada  have  same  name. 

CoREiEVREKiN,  a  formidable  whirlpool 
off  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland,  between  the 
islands  Jura  &  Scarba,  occasioned  by  the 
tide-sti'eam  being  opposed  to  apyr;smidal 
rock,  which  rises  15  fathoms  below  the 
surface. 

CoERisKiN  (Loch),  a  small  lake  of 
S<?otl.,  in  the  isle  of  Skye. 

CoRROPOn,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Abruzzo  Ult.  I.     P.  2,000. 

CoRSEUL,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  COtes-du-Nord,  with  4,236  inhabs. 

CoasEWALL  Point,  a  headland  of 
Scotland,  on  its  S.W.  coast,  co.  Wigton. 

Corsica,  an  island  in  the  Mediterr., 
separated  S.  from  Sardinia,  by  the  strait 
of  Bonifacio.  Length  N.  to  S.  r20m. ; 
greatest  breadth  45  m.,  cap.  Ajaccio.  P. 
230,271.  Shores  mostly  low;  centre 
mountainous  ;  culminating  jDoint,  Monte 
Kotondo,  8,760  feet  in  e!ev.  Soil  in  most 
parts  very  fertile,  but  agriculture  is  very 
badly  conducted.  Reniing  live  stock  is 
the  chief  branch  of  industry.  Corsica  is 
rich  in  minerals,  but  few  mines  are 
vrrought.     Population  mostly  of  Italian 


descent,  Paoli  &  Napoleon  were  born  in 
the  island. 

CoRsico,  a  vill.  of  Lombardy,  gov. 
Milan,  on  the  Naviglio  Grande. 

CoESOER,  a  marit.  town  of  Denmark, 
prov.  Seeland,  on  the  Great  Belt  op- 
posite Nyeburg,  with  1,600  inhabs. 

CoETALE,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Ca- 
lab.  Ult.  II.,  cap.  cant.     P.  3,030. 

CoRTE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Corsica, 
near  its  centre.     P.  4,164. 

CoRTEGANA,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Huelva,  at  the  foot  of  the  Sierra  Ara- 
cena.     P.  3,295. 

CoETEMARCci,  a  market  town  of  Bel- 
gium, prov.  W.  Flanders.  P.  4,015,  who 
manufacture  woollen  fabrics. 

CoETEMiGLiA,  a  town  of  the  Sardinian 
states,  Piedmont,  div.  Coni,  prov.  Alba. 
P.  2,640. 

CoETES  DE  LA  Frontera,  a  town  of 
Spain,  prov,  Malaga.  P,  2,970.  Manu- 
factures of  leather. II.  a  bay  on  the 

S.W.  coast  of  the  isl.  Cuba, 

CoRTLANP,  county,  N.  Y.,  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  state,  contains  500  sq.  m. 
Surface  elevated  ;  soil  good;  drained  by 
Toughniogo  &  Ostelic  rivers,  which  afford 
extensive  water  power.  Iron  ore  &some 
beds  of  marl  are  found;  2  sulphur  &  1 
salt  springs.  Staple  products  wheat,  po- 
tatoes &  sugar.  Many  en  ttle  &  swine,  & 
100,000  sheep  are  kept.  Manufs.  of  iron, 
woollens,  cottons,  &  leather.  2  acad,  2 
newspapers.     P,  25,140.     Cap.  Cortland- 

ville, II,  p-t,,  AVestchester  co.  N,  Y., 

watered  by  Croton  river,  which  supplies 
the  city  of  New  York  with  water. 

CoRTOisE,  t.,  Crawford  co.  Miss.  P. 
703, 

CoRTONA,  a  town  of  Tuscany,  in  anc. 
times  one  of  the  12  principal  cities  of 
Etruria,  prov.  Florence,  on  a  hill  facing 
the  lake  of  Thrasymene.  Pop,,  exclu- 
sive of  suburbs,  3,400,  Its  ancient  Cyclo- 
pean walls,  supposed  to  have  been  erect- 
ed 3,000  years  ago,  remain  perfect  in 
two  thirds  of  their  extent, 

CoRucHE,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov. 
Alemtejo,  on  the  Erra.     P.  2,520, 

CoEUNA,  a  fortified  city  &  seaport  of 
Spain,  cap,  prov,  of  same  name,  in  the 
bays  of  Betanzos  &  el  Ferrol  (Atlantic) 
It  stands  on  the  E.  side  of  a  sma.ll  penin- 
sula, &  consists  of  an  upper  &  a  lower 
town.     P,  18,849.     Its  harb.  is  safe. 

CoRUNNA,  p-v.,  cap.  Shiawassne  co. 
Mich,,  on  Shiawassee  r.,  which  affords 
good  water  power.  It  has  a  court  house. 
In  the  vicinity  are  beds  of  stone  &  coal, 
lime  &  sandstone;  the  last  suitable  for 
the  manufacture  of  glass. 


'•''^*|W*i'-«r*(v*. 


^SSStlhitjj^'-^ 


228 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[cos 


CoRVO,  the  most  N.  &  smallest  of  the 
Azores, islands. 

CoRWEN,  a  miarket  town  of  N.  Wales, 
on  the  Dee.     P.  2,129. 

CoEYciAN  Cave,  Greece,  gov.  Boeotia, 
is  a  fine  stalactitic  cavern  on  the  S.  slope 
of  Mt.  Parnassus,  12  m.  E.JST.E.  Salona, 
said  to  be  capable  of  containing  3,000 
persons. 

CoRYDON,  p-v.,  cap.  Harrison  co.  la., 
on  the  B.  bank  of  Indian  or.,  which  flows 
into  the  Ohio.     Good  county  buildings. 

Cos,  an  isl.  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  the 
Mediterranean,  21m.  long  &  5  m.  in 
breadth. 

CosALA,  a  town  of  the  Mexican  confed., 
dep.  Sinaloa,  65  m.  S.  Culiacan. 

CosciLE,  a  river  of  Naples,  prov.  Ca- 
lab.  Cit.,  which,  after  an  E.  course  of 
about  20  m.  joins  the  Crati,  4  m.  from 
the  G.  cf  Taranto. 

CosEL,  a  fortified  town  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, reg.,  on  1.  b.  Of  the  Oder.    P.  3,600. 

CosENZA,  a  city  of  Naples,  cap.  prov. 
Calab.  Cit.,  at  the  confl.  of  the  rivs.  Crati 
&  Busento,  12  m.  E.  the  Mediterranean. 
P.  8,000.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  &  has 
a  fine  court-house,  a  cathedral,  diocesan 
seminary,  royal  college,  academies  of 
science  &  literature,  manufs.  of  earthen- 
ware &  cutlery,  an  active  trade  in  silk, 
rice,  wine,  &c.  Alaric  died,  while  be- 
sieging this  city,  a.d.  410,  &  was  buried 
in  the  bed  of  the  Busento  beneath  its 
walls. 

CosFELD,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia.    P.  3,510. II.  a  pa.  &  vill., 

same  circle.     P.  3,000. 

Coshocton,  county,  0.,  situated  cen- 
trally in  the  E.  part  of  the  state,  watered 
by  several  creeks.  Some  parts  exceed- 
ingly fertile.  There  are  salt  wells,  min- 
eral coal,  &  iron  &  lead  ore  in  the  county. 
Cap.  Coshocton.  Staple  prod.,  wheat  & 
Indian   corn.      Tanneries    &  distilleries. 

1   newsp.      P.   25,674. II.  p-v.,  cap. 

above  county,  situated  at  the  head  of  the 
Muskingum  r.  It  is  laid  out  6n  4  ter- 
races of  land  each  rising  9  feet  above  the 
other;  the  first  three  about  400  feet  wide 
&  the  last  three  1,000  feet.  County 
buildings. 

Cosi,  a  riv.  of  Hindostan,  tributary  to 
the  Ganges,  which  it  joins  in  Bengal, 
after  a  S.-ward  course  estimated  at  300 
miles. 

CosLiN,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov.  Pom- 
erania,  cap.  reg.,  7  m.  from  the  Baltic. 
P.  8,230. 

CosME  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Sarthe.     P.  2,028. 

C06NE,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Nievre, 


cap.  arrond.  on  the  Loire.    P.  5;376,  who 
forge  anchors  A  heavy  iron-work. 

CospooR,  the  cap.  town  of  Cachar, 
Farther  India,  on  the  Madhura. 

Cossacks  of  the  Black  Sea,  a  gov. 
of  S.  Russia,  bounded  E.  by  the  gov.  Cau- 
casus, W.  by  the  sea  of  Azov,  S.  by  Cir- 
cassia,  &  N.  by  the  country  of  the  Don 
Cossacks;  cap.  Ekaterinodar.  It  is  occu- 
pied by  a  pop.  of  Cossacks,  who  form  a 
species  of  democratic  republic. 

Cossacks  (Country  of  the  Don),  a 
vast  plain  of  S.  Russia  traversed  by  the 
river  Don.  Cap.  Tcherkat^k.  Territory 
fertile,  but  ill  cultivated.  Soil  an  ele- 
vated plateau.  Though  subjected  to 
Russia,  the  Cossacks  are  governed  by 
their  own  laws,  &  have  peculiar  usages. 
P.  500,000  Cossacks. 

CossATO.  a  market  town  of  the  Sard, 
sta..  Piedmont,  div.  Turin. 

CossAWAGo,  t.,  Crawford  eo.  Penn. 
P.  1,269. 

CossEiR,  a  seaport  town,  Egypt. 

CossE-LE- Vivien,  a  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Mayenne,  cap.  cant.,  on  1.  b. 
of  the  Oudon.     P.  1,999. 

CossiLA,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  prov. 
Biella,  on  the  Oropa.     P.  2,328.       , 

CossiKBAzAH,  a  town  of  Brit.  India, 
prcsid.  &  prov.  Bengal,  on  Hooghly  br'ch 
of  the  Ganges.  It  has  manufs.  of  carpets, 
satins,  &  stockings,  &  a  large  trade  in 
silk,  &c. 

CossiMCOTTA,  a  small  town  of  British 
India,  presid.  Madras. 

CossipooR,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  Ben- 
gal, Upper  provs.  It  is  a  place  of  Hin- 
doo pilgrimage,  with  numerous  temples, 
&  an  active  trade. 

Cossonay,  a  town  of  Switzerl.,  cant. 
Vaud,  on  the  Venoge.     P.  1,080. 

CossYAH  Hills,  Further  India,  em- 
brace all  that  tract  of  country  between 
Assam  &  Sylhet,  &  from  the  Bengal  dis- 
trict Mymunsingh  to  Cachar. 

.  CosTA,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  gov.  Venice. 
P.  2,000. 

CosTAMBONE,  a  city,  Asia-Minor. 

CosTA-RicA,  the  most  S.  state  of  Cent. 
America,  extending  from  the  Caribbean 
sea  to  tbe  Pacific  ocean,  betw.  the  state 
Nicaragua  on  the  N.,  &  New  Granada  on 
the  S.  Area,  16,250  sq.  m.  Estimated 
pop.  150,000,  of  whom  25,000  are  Indians. 
Surface  mostly  mountainous,  with  nume- 
rous volcanoes.  Its  W.  shores  surround 
the  gulf  of  Nicoya.  It  possesses  some 
of  the  most  productive  gold  &  silver 
mines  in  this  j)art  of  America.  Tobacco 
of  very  superior  quality ;  sarsai)arilla, 
wild  indigo,  sugar,  cacao,  &  dye-woods 


couj 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


229 


are  among,  its  other  products.  Principal 
exports  are  Mdes,  tobacco  to  Nicaragua, 
&  about  70,000  quintals  of  coffee  to  Eu- 
rope &  N.  America,  in  return  for  manu- 
factured goods.  The  state  is  divided  into 
the  two  deps.  of  Cartago  &  Alajuela,  with 
cities  of  same  name ;  San  Jose  is  the 
cap.,  its  port  is  Punta  Arenas  on  the  gulf 
of  Nicoya  ;  other  cities  are,  Eredia,  Es- 
trella,  Esparsa. — The  Costa  Rica  riv.,  30 
m-.  in  length",  is  an  affluent  of  the  San 
Juan,  on  the  N.  frontier  of  the  Plata. 

CosTiGLiOLE,  two  towns  of  the  Sard, 
sta..  Piedmont. 1.  (d'Asti),  div.  Ales- 
sandria.    P.  5,016. II.  (di  Saluzzo), 

div.  Coni,  prov.  Saluzzo.     P.  2,654. 

CoswiG,  a  town  of  Central  Germany, 
on  the  Elbe.     P.  2,800. 

CoTAGAYTA    (SANTIAGO    De),    a    Small 

town  of  Bolivia,  dep.  Potosi,^on  the  riv. 
Cotagayta. 

Cote  d'Ob,  a  chain  of  mountains  in 
France,  which  separates  the  basin  of  the 
Saone  from  those  of  the  Seine  &  Loire,  & 
connects  the  Cevennes  with  the  Vosges. 

Cote  d'Or,  a  dep.  in  the  E.  of  France, 
formed  of  part  of  the  old  prov.  Bourgogne. 
Area,  3,380  sq.  m.  P.  396,524.  Chf.  riv- 
ers the  Seine,  the  Arman^on,  Serain, 
Aube,  &J  the  Saone.  Soil  rich  in  mines 
of  iron  &  coal,  marble,  gypsum,  building 
&  lithographic  stones.  It  is  fertile  in 
grain  &  fruit,  but  especially  in  the  vine, 
which  renders  this  one  of  the  mx)st  im- 
portant deps.  of  France. 

CoTENTiN,  a  dist.  of  France,  in  the  old 
prov.  of  Normandy. 

CoTE-RoTiE,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
KhOne,  arrond.  Lyon. 

CoTE  St.  Andee  (La),  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  cap.  cunt.,  dep.  Isere.  P.  3,009. 

CoTEs-DU-NoED,  a  maritime  dep.  of 
the  W.  of  France,  formed  of  part  of  the 
old  prov.  of  Bretagne,  cap.  St.  Brieuc. 
Area,  2,870  sq.  m.  P.  628,520.  Princi- 
pal rivers  the  Ranee,  Arguenon,_  Gouet, 
Trieux,  &  Oust,  all  small.  Soil  mntns. 
&  undulating,  contains  iron,  lead,  excel- 
lent granite,  &  many  mineral  springs. 
Chief  manufs.  linen  &  woollen  goods,  & 
sail  cloth.  ■    ' 

CoTEswoLD,  England,  a  tract  of  about 
200,000  acres  in  the  centre  of  the  co. 
Gloucester. 

CoTHY,  a  river  of  S.  Wales,  co.  Car- 
marthen. 

CoTiGNAc,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Var,  cap.  cant.     P.  3,397. 

CoTiGNOLA,  a  town  of  Central  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta.,  near  1.  b.  of  the  Sennio.  P. 
3,335. 

CoTNi  or  CoTNY,  a  town  of  H^iti. 


CoTOPAxi,  avolcanoof  S.  Amer.,  Ecua- 
dor, in  the  E.  Cordillera  of  the  Andes. 
Lat.  0°4I'S.  Shape  perfectly  conical ; 
height  above  the  sea.  18,887  ft.',-  or  9,800 
feet  above  the  adjaccp-D  valley. 

CoTEONE,  a  town  of  riaples,  prov. 
Calab.  Ult.  II.,  on  its  E.  coast,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Esaro.     P.  5,500. 

CoTTBtrs,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov. 
Brandenburg,  on  the  Spree.     P.  8,127. 

Cotton,  t.,  Switzerl.,  co.  la.     P.  1,450. 

CoTUY,  a  town  of  the  isl.  Haiti,  N.E. 
dep.,  noar  the  riv.  Juna.     P.  2,000. 

CouBCABiA,  a  town  of  Central  Africa, 
Nigritia. 

Couches,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Saone-et-Loire,  cap.  cant.    P.  3,050. 

Coucy-le-Chateau,  a  cotum.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Aisne,  cap.  cant. 

Coudebsport,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Potter  co. 
Pa. 

Coudes-Montpeyeoux,  a  comm.  & 
vill.  of  France,  dep.  Pay-de-Dome,  cant. 
Issoire."   P.  1,473. 

CouDKERCKE,  a.comm.&  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Nord.     P.  1,593. 

CouERON,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Loire  Inf.,  on  the  Loire.     P.  1,162. 

CouESMEs,  a  comm.  &,  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Mayenne.     P.  1,640. 

CouESNON,  a  riv.  of  France,  dep.  Ille- 
et-Vilaine,  enters  Cancale  bay,  nearly 
opposite  Mont-St.- Michel,  after  a  gene- 
rally N.  course  of  55  m. 

CouFFE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Loire  Inf.     P.  1,750. 

CouHB,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Vienne,  oa-Tt.  b.  of  the  Dive.  P. 
1,913. 

CouLLON,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Loiret.     P.  2,060. 

CouLOMMiEES,  a  comm.  &  t.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Marne,  on  right  bank  of  the 
Grand  Moron.     P.  3,006. 

CotTLONGEs-suR-LAUTizE,  a  comm.  & 
town  of  France,  dep.  Deux-Sevres,  cap. 
cant.     P.  1,845. 

Coulter  (Loch),  a  small  lake  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  Stirling. 

CouPANG,  a  Dutch  settlement  in  the 
S.Yf .  of  the  island  of  Timor,  with  a  free 
port. 

Coupe-Lench-Newhallkey,  a  tnshp. 
of  England,  co.  Lancaster.     P.  1,716. 

CoupiAc,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aveyron.     P.  2,763. 

CouRBEvoiE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
cap.  cant.,  dep.  Seine,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Seine. 
P.  3.570. 

CouRCELLES,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Hainault.  P.  3,226.— Courcelle  &  Cour- 
celles  are  several  vills.  of  France. 


"'■^■^*^--"--"' 


2Mti^BHHlBKK.>a7a> 


230 


CYCLOPEDIA  OF  GEOGRAPHY. 


[cov 


CouRCEMONT,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Sarthe.     P.  1,862. 

CouRCiTE,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Mayenne.     P.  1,900. 

CouRDEMANCHE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Sarthe.     P.  1,660. 

CouRiERREs,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Pas-de-Calais.     P.  2,538. 

CouRLAND,  a  gov.  of  Kussia,  having  S. 
the  gov.  Wilna,  E.  Vitebsk,  N.  Livonia, 
&  the  gulf  of  Riga,  &  W.  the  Baltic. 
Area,  10,860  sq.m.  P.  553,300.  Prin- 
cipal rivers,  the  Duna,  Buller,  Aa,  & 
Windau ;  lakes  numerous.  The  soil  is 
fertile  in  the  E.,  but  in  many  other  parts 
swampy. 

CouRNON,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Puy-de-D6me,  near  1.  b.  of  the  Al- 
lier.     P.  2,545. 

CouRONNE  (La),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Charenfe.     P.  2,090. 

CouRPiERRE,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Puy-de-D6me,  on  the  Dore. 
P.  3,562. 

CoHES,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Rhonej  on  the  Trambouze.  P.  4,478.  It 
is  the  centre  of  an  extens.  raiinufacture 
of  cotton  goods  called  Beaiijolais. 

CouHSAN,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Aude.     P.  2,000. 

CouRSEULLEs,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Calvados,  near  the  English 
channel.     P.  1,540. 

CouRSON,  several  vills.  of  France. 

I.  dep.  Yonne,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,530. 

II.  dep.  Calvados.     P.  1,360. 
CouRTENAY,     a    comm.    &    town     of 

France,  dep.  Loiret.     P.  1,984. 

CouHTiNAY,  a  large  vill.  of  British  In- 
dia, presid.  Madras. 

CouRTisoLS,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Marne,  arrond.  Chalons,  on  the 
Vesle.     P.  1,900. 

CouRTRAi,  a  fortified  town  of  Belgium, 
prov.  W.  Flanders,  on  the  Lys,  26  m. 
N.W.  Ghent,  with  which,  as  also  with 
most  other  prineip.  places  in  Belgium,  it 
communicates  by  railway.  P.  19,682. 
It  is  well  built  &  clean.  It  has  extens. 
manufs.  of  linen  '&  cotton  fabricSj  dam- 
asks &'  lace. 

CouRViLLE.  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Bure-et-Lolre,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Eure, 
with  1,540  inhab.  ' 

CouRziEU,  a  coram.  &■  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Rhone.     P.  1,630. 

CoussAc-BoNNEVAL,  a  comm.  &  vill. 
of  France,  dep.  II.  Vienne.     P.  3,010. 

CouTANCES,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Manche,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Soulle  &  Bulsard,  8  m.  from  the 
English  channel.     P.  7,442.     Manufs  of 


worsted  stuffs,  druggets,  tape,  lace,  parch- 
ments, &  hardwares. 

CouTERNE,  a  comm.  <fc  town  of  France, 
dep.  Orne,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Vee.     P.  1,720. 

CouTHEzoN,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Vaucluse,  on  a  branch  of  the  Ouveze, 
P.  2,553. 

CouTicHEs,  a.  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Nord.     P.  2,110. 

CouTouvRE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Loire.     P.  1,750. 

CouTRAs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gironde,  on  the  Dronne.     P.  1,355. 

Couture  (La),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Pas-de-Calais.  P.  2,360. 
II.  a  vill.,  dep.  Eure. 

CouvET,  a  vill.,  Switzerland,  in  tlio 
Val-de-Travers,  cant.Neuchatel.  Itiathe 
centre  of  the  lace  manuf  of  the  canton. 

CouviN,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium, 
prov.  Namur,  enp.  cant.  P.  2,000.  It 
has  rich  iron  mines  &  important  &  cele- 
brated manufs.  of  steam  machinery  & 
cables. 

Coux  (Le),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Dordogne.     P.  1,583. 

CovELONG,  a  maritime  town  of  British 
India,  presid.  Madras. 

Cove  of  Cork,  now  Queenstown,  a 
seaport  of  Irel.,  Munster. 

Coventry,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.  Vt. II. 

t.,  Grafton  co.  N.  H. III.  t.,  Tolland 

CO.  Conn.  Watered  by  Willimantic  r. 
Manufs.  of  woollens  &  cottons.  P.  2,018. 
— — IV.  t.,  Chester  co.  Pa.  Coal  &  iron 
ore  abound.     E.'iports  lumber.     P.  2,620. 

V.  p-t.,  Kent  CO.  R.  I.     AVatered  by 

Flat  &  a  branch  of  the  Pawtuxet  r., 
which  afford  extensive  water  power.     A 

great  manufacturing  t.    P.  3,620. VI. 

p-t.,  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  Watered  by 
several  crs.  P.  1,681 VII.  t.,  Sum- 
mit CO.  0.     P.  1,308. VIII.  a  city  of 

Engl.,  cap.  CO.  Warwick,  nearly  in  t^a 
centre  of  S.  Britain,  on  the  Sherbourne. 
P.  30,743.  A  curious  festival  takes  place 
here  in  commemoration  of  the  Lady  Go- 
diva. 

Covert,  p-t.,  Seneca  co.  N.  Y.  Bound- 
ed on  the  E.  by  Cayuga  lake.     P.  1,503. 

Covington,  county,  Ala.,  in  the  S. 
part  of  the  state  ;  contains  1,664  sq.  m. 
Drained  by  Conecuh,  Yellow-Water,  & 
Pea  rs.  Cap.  Montezuma.  An  inferior 
farming  CO.    Tnoonsid.  manxifs.    P.  3,645. 

II.  county.  Miss.,  in   the   S.   part  of 

the  state.  Contams  960  sq'.  m.  Drained 
by  Leaf  r.  Sterilo  pine  land.  Cap. 
Williamsburg.     Ind.  corn,  rice,  &  cotton 

are    produced.     1    ac;id.     P.    3.333. 

III.  p-t.,  Wyoming  co.  N.  Y.  Soil  pro- 
ductive.  IV.  t.,  Luzerne  co.  Pa.     Ex- 


cra] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


231 


tensive  water  power. V.  p-v.,  cap.  of 

Alleghany  co.  Va.,   on  Jackson's  river. 

County  buildings  ;    1  acad.- VI.  p-v., 

cap.  of  Newton  co.  Ga.  It  has  the  county 
buildings.  Two  m.  from  this  place  is 
Emory  college,  under  the  direction  of  the 

Methodists. VII.  city,  Kenton  co.  Ky., 

on  the  0.  r.,  at  the  mouth  of  Licking  cr. 
It  has  a  bank,  tobacco  fac.,  &  the  largest 
mill  for  rolling  iron  in  the  West ;  2 
slaughter  houses,  which  pack  60,000  hogs 
annually.      The    Western  baptist    theo. 

instit.   is   located  here.      P.  10,008. 

yill.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Fountain  co.  la.,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Wabash  r.  It  has  a 
court  house. 

Cow-pasture,  a  branch  of  James  r.  Va. 

CowAL,  or  CowALL,  a  peninsular  dist. 
of  Scotland,  co.  Argyle,  between  Loch 
Long  &  the  firth  of  Clyde,  on  the  B.,  & 
Loch  Tyne  on  the  W.     P.  9,397. 

CowBRiDGE  (or  Pont-vaen),  a  town 
of  S.  Wales,  co.  Grlamorgan. 

CowEs  (West),  a  seaport  town  &  wa- 
tering place,  isle  of  Wight,  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  riv.  Medina.,  at  its  mouth. 
Cowes  has  a  good  bathing  establishment, 
&  docks  for  ship-building ;  &  it  is  the 
head-quarters  of  the  Royal  Yacht  club, 
who  hold  their  annual  regatta  here. 

Coweta,  co.,  Ga.,  in  the  W.  part  of  the 
state,  on  Chattahoochee  r.  Cap.  New- 
nan.  Staple  prod,  cotton.  Tanneries  & 
distilleries.     1  newsp.     P.  13,635. 

Cowling,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  York, 
W.  Fading.     P.  2,458. 

CowPEN,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  North- 
umberland.    P.  2,464 

CowPENS,  Spartanburg  dist.  S.  C. 
The  theatre  of  the  defeat  of  the  British 
under  Col.  Tarleton  by  the  Americans 
under  Gen.  Morgan,  Jan.  11,  1781. 

Coxb's  Bazar,  a  town  of  British  In- 
dia, presid.  &  prov.  Bengal,  on  the  river 
Nauf,  near  its  mouth. 

CoxHOE,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  Dur- 
ham.    P.  3,904. 

CoxsACKiE,  p-t.,  Greene  co.  N.  Y. 
The  V.  is  1  m.  W.  of  the  landing  on  Hud- 
son r.  The  t.  has  1  acad.  &  1  newsp. 
P.  3,539. 

CoYLE,  a  small  town,  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  on  an  isl.  in  the  Jumna. 

Cozes,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of  France, 
dep.  Charente  Inf.     P.  1,950. 

Cozumel  Isl.,  off 'the  E.  coast  of  Yu- 
catan, Cent.  Amer. 

Crach,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Morbihan.     P.  1,700. 

Cracow,  a  city  &  ancient  cap.  of  Po- 
land, more  recently  the  cap.  of  a  small 
republic,  now  comprised  in  the  Austrian 


empire,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Vistula.  P.  43,- 
000,  of  whom  about  12,000  are  Jews,  re- 
siding on  an  insular  quarter  in  the  Vis- 
tula. It  has  many  venerable  &  histori- 
cally interesting  edifices  ;  viz.,  the  castle 
founded  a.d.  700,  a  magnif.  cathedral, 
containing  20  chapels  &  the  tombs  of  the 
most  celebrated  Polish  kings,  the  bish- 
op's palace,  council-house  ;  a  university 
founded  in  1364,  has  attached  to  it  a  bo- 
tanic garden,  an  observatory,  &  a  li- 
brary with  30,000  printed  vols.  &  4,500 
MSS.  The  territory,  which  formed  the 
late  republic  of  Cracow,  has  an  area  of 
445  sq.  m.  P.  146,000.  It  was  incor- 
porated with  the  Austrian  empire,  after 
an  insurrection,  in  December,  1846. 

Cradock,  a  dist.  in  the  E.  of  the  Cape 
Colony,  S.  Africa.  Area  3,168  sq.  m. 
P.  8,118. 

Craftsbury,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.  Vt. 
Watered  by  Black  r.,  which  flows  into 
Lake  Memphremagog.  The  v.  has  a 
commanding  prospect.     1  acad.    P.  1,151. 

Crail,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Fife,  on  the  N.  sea.     P.  1,221. 

Craig,  t.,  Switzerland  co.  la.  P. 
1,306. 

Craig's  Village,  a  vill.  of  British 
Guiana,  a  few  m.  from  the  mouth  of  Ber- 
bice  riv.     P.  1,500. 

Cranberry,  t.,  Butler  co.  Pa.  P. 
1,822. 

Cranbrooke,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl.,  co 
Kent. 

Cranganore,  a  luarit  town  of  S.  In- 
dia, Travancore  dom.,  township,  on  the 
backwater  of  the  Malabar  coast. 

Cranston,  t.,  Providence  co.  R.  I. 
Rough  but  productive  soil.  E.^tensive 
inanufs.  of  cottons.     10  acad.     P.  4,311. 

Craon,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Mayenne,  cap.  cant.,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Oudon.    'p.  3,153. 

Craonne,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aisne,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,056. 

Craponne,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Loire,  cap.  eantr    P.  2,260. 

Crati,  a  riv.  of  Naples,  prov.  Calab. 
Cit.     L.  50  m. 

Crato,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov.  Alem- 
tejo,  cap.  comarca,  near  1.  b.  of  the  Er- 
vedal.     P.  3,000. 

Crato,  a  city  of  Brazil,  prov.  Ceara, 
cap.  comarca.     P.  of  prov.  10,000. 

Crau  (La),  a  plain,  S.  France,  occu- 
pying the  W.  part  of  the  dep.  Bouches- 
du-Rhuoe. 

Craven,  county,  N.  C,  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  the  state,  contains  1,100  sq.  m, 
Neuse  r.  passes  through  the  co.  Sur- 
face   level.       Soil    fertile.      Cap.   New 


232 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GP^OGRAPIIY. 


[CRE 


Berne.  Staple  commod.  rice,  cotton,  & 
tar,  pitch  &  turpentine.  1  newsp.,  4 
acad.     P.  14,709. 

Crawford,  county,  Pa.,  in  the  N.W. 
part  of  the  state,  coi^tains  1,016  sq.  m. 
Watered  by  several  crs.  Iron  ore  is 
found.  It  exports  cattle  &  horses.  Cap. 
Meadville.  Wheat,  oa.ts,  potatoes,  & 
sugar   are   produced.      Various  manufs. 

Tanneries  &  distilleries.     P.  37,849. 

II.  county,   Ga.,  toward  the  N.  part  of  ' 
the  state,  Isetween  Flint  &  Ockmulgee  rs. 
Soil    sandy    &    poor.      Cap.    Knosville. 
Staple    prod.    Ind.   corn    &   cotton.      P. 

8,984. III.  county,  0.,  toward  the  N. 

part  of  the  state.  Drained  by  Sandusky 
r.     Cap.   J3ucyrus.      Wheat,    Ind.    corn, 

some  sugar.      2  newsp.      P.  18,177. 

IV.  county,  la.,  in  the  S.  part  of  the 
state,  with  the  Ohio  on  the  S.E.  Hilly.' 
Cap.  Fredonia.  A  fair  farming  eo.  P. 
6,5"Z4 V.' county.  111.  Situated  to- 
ward the  S.E.  part  of  the  state,  &  con- 
tains 426  sq.  m.  The  Wabash  r.  runs  on 
its.  E.  border,  &  Embarrass  r.  passes 
through  its  S.W.  part.  Drained  by  trib- 
utaries of  these  rivers.  It  has  some 
rich  prairies.  ,  Capital,  Palestine.  An 
pvgricultural  co.  The  common  grains, 
with  some  tobacco  &  sugar.      P.  7,135. 

VI.  county,  Wisconsin.     Situated  in 

the  N.W.  part  of  the  state.  It  has  the 
Mississippi  r.  W.,  &  the  Wisconsin  r.  S. 
The  surface  is  hilly  &  mountainous,  with 
rich  bottoms  along  the  streams.  It 
abounds  with  excellent  jjine  timber,  & 
has  abundant  water  power  for  mills. 
Capital,  Prairie  du  Chien.  A  farming 
CO.       The    common    agricultural   fruits. 

P.  2,498. VII.  county.  Mo.     Situated 

S.E.  of  the  centre  of  the  state.  It  con- 
tains 1,650  sq.m.  The  surface  &  soil  are 
various.  Drained  by  Maramec  r.  Iron 
ore  abounds  &  is  wrought.  Cap.  Steel- 
ville.  Staple  commod.  wheat  &  tobacco. 
P.  6,397. VIII.  county,  Ark.  Situ- 
ated in  the  N.W.  part  of  the  state.  It 
contains  7,800  sq.  m.  Watered  by  Ark- 
ansas r.  Cap.  Van  Buren.  The  pro- 
ductions of  the  climate.     P.  7,960. 

IX.  p-t..  Orange  co.  N.  Y.     It  has  Shaw- 

angunk  r.  on  the  N.W.     P.  2,075. 

.  X.  t.,    Coshocton   CO.   0.      P.  1,134 

XI.  t.,  Buchanan  co.  Mo.     P.  930. 

Crawfordsville,    cap.   of  Talliafero 
CO.  Ga.,  between  Ogeechee  &  Little  rivs. 

The  usual  co.  buildings. II.  p-v.,  cap. 

of  Montgomery  co.  la.  Co.  buildings. 
Wabash  college  is  here.  It  has  a  presi- 
dent &  4  professors,  100  students,  &  a 
library  of  2',000  vols.  2  academies.  P. 
1,327. 


Crecy,  or  Cressy,  sev.  small  towns  & 
vills.  of  France. 

Crbpin,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihau.     P.  1,830. 

Ceediton,  a  nikt.  town  of  England,  co. 
Devon,  on  the  Crede.     P.  5,947. 

Ceeb,  a  riv.,  S.W.  Scotland. 

Creek',  t.,  Washington  co.  Pa.  P.  2,006. 

Ceefeld,  a  thriving  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  reg.  Dusseldorf,  cap.  circ.  P. 
23,420.  It  is  well  built,  &  is  the  principal 
town  in  the  Prussian  dom.  for  the  manuf. 
of  silk  goods. 

Ceeil,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Oise,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Oise.     P.  2,151. 

Crema,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  deleg. 
Lodi  &  Crema,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Serio.  P. 
8,510.. 

Cremeaux,  a  coram.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Loire.     P.  1,540. 

Cremieux,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Isere.     P.  1,985. 

Cremmen,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov. 
Brandenburg.     P.  2,450. 

Cremona,  a  fortified  city  of  Lombardy, 
cap.  deleg.,  on  the  Po.  P.  28,318.  It  is 
handsomely  built,  &  has  a  cathedral  & 
numerous  other  churches  rich  in  works 
of  art ;  also  the  loftiest  clock  tower  in 
Italy,  a  richly  adorned  edifice  372  ft.  in 
elevation. 

Crepy,  2  comms.  &  towns  of  France. 

1,   dep.  Oise,   cap.  ca,nt.     P.  2,607. 

II.  {en  Lannois),  dep.  Aisne,  arrond. 

&  5  m.  N.W.  Laon.     P.  1,520. 

Crescent  Island,  Pacific  acean,  is 
one  of  the  most  easterly  of  Dangerous 
archipelago. 

CRESCENTIN9,  a  town  of  the  Sard,  sta.. 
Piedmont,  prov.  Vercelli,  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Dora  Baltea  with  the  Po. 
P.  5,547.  It  has  a  church  founded  ^th 
century.     Manufs.  of  silks  &  woollens. 

Ceespans,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  gov. 
Venice.     P.  2,020. 

Chespino,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  gov. 
Venice,  cap.  dist,  on  the  Po.     P.  4,000. 

Crest,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Druine,  cap.  cant.,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Drome. 
P.  3,807. 

Crete,  a  large  &  famous  isl.  of  the 
Mediterranean,  now  belonging  to  Turkey. 
Length  150  m.;  breadth  6  to  35  m.  P. 
158,000.  Mount  Ida,  near  its  centre, 
rises  to  7,674  feet  in  height.  The  N. 
coast  has  many  good  harbors.  Caverns 
are  very  numerous,  &  one  of  great  extent 
near  Mount  Ida,  is  supposed  to  have 
been  that  anciently  celebrated  as  the  re- 
treat of  Minotaur. 

Cheteil,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine,  on  the  Marne-    P.  1,570. 


CRO] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER, 


233 


Creuilly,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Calvados,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Seule.  P. 
1,000.     It  !)!is  mann.fs.  of  lace. 

Creuse,  a  riv.  of  France,  deps.  Creuse 
&  lodre.  Length  150  m.— — II.  a  dep. 
in  the  centre  of  Frauoe,  cap.  Gueret. 
Area,  2,244  sq.  m.  P.  285,680.  Surface 
mostly  mntnous.,  &  great  part  of  it  arid. 
This  is  one  of  the  poorest  deps.  of  France  ; 
from  20,000  to  24,000  of  its  laboring  pop. 
emigrate  annually  to  Paris,&c.,  as  masons 
&  other  artisans. 

Creux  (Cape),  the  most  E.  point  of  the 
Spanish  peninsula,  forming  the  W.  limit) 
of  the  gulf  of  Lion. 

Creuzburg,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia. 
P.  3,710. 

Creuzot  (Le),  a  comm.  '&  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Saone-et-Loire.  P.  6,303, 
employed  in  raising  iron  &  coal,  &  in 
blast-furnaces,  steel-mills,  foundries, 
forges,  &  steam-engine  factories. 

Chevecour,  two  comms.  &  vills.  of 
France. 

Crevecceur,  a  fort,  Netherlands,  prov. 
N.  Brabant,  on  the  J.Iaas. 

Crewe,  a  mkt.  town  &  great  railway 
depot  of  England,  co.  Chester,  on  the 
London  &  N.W.  railway. 

Crewkerne,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO."  Somerset. 

CflEYssE  &  Crezancy,  two  comms.  of 
France. 

CaicKEiTH,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.  Wales, 
CO.  Carnarvon,  on  Cardigan  bay. 

Crickhowell,  a  market  town  of  S. 
Waks,  CO.  Brecon,  on  the  Usk,  here 
crossed  by  a  bridge  of  14  arches. 

Cricklade,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Wilts,  on  the  Isis,  &  the  Thames  & 
Severn  canal. 

Crieff,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  Perth, 
on  the  Earn,  a  •tributary  of  the  Tay,  here 
crossed  by  a  4-arched  bridge.    P.  3,584. 

Criffel,  a  granite  mntn.  of  Scotland, 
Dumfries  &  G-allowayshire.  Elev.  1,892  ft. 

Crigglestone,  a  tnshp.  of  England, 
CO.  York.     P.  1,479. 

Crimea,  a  peninsula  of  S.  P.ussia, 
formed  by  the  sea  of  Azov  &  the  Black 
sea,  comprising  the  chief  part  of  the  gov. 
of  Taurida.     P.  190,063. 

Crimmitzschau,  a  town  of  Saxony, 
circ.  Zwickau,  on  the  Pleisse.     P.  4,300. 

Chilian  Canal,  Scotland,  co..  Argyle, 
connects  Loch  Gilp  with  Jura  sound. 

Criquebceuf,   two  couinjs.  &  vills.  of 

France. 1.  (e?i  Caux),  dep.  Seine  Inf., 

cap.  cant.     P.  1.827. II.  {sur  Seine), 

dep.  Eure.     P.  1,250. 

Criquetot,  two  comms.  &  vills.  of 
France,  dep.  Seine  Inf. 1.  {Lesneval). 


cap.  cant.   P.  1,500. II.  (sur  Ouville). 

P.  1,020. 

Crittenden,  county,  Ky.,  in  the  W. 
part  of  t!>e  state.     Good  soil.     Capital, 

Salem.     P.  6,351. IL    county.   Ark., 

towards  the  IST.E.  part  of  the  state.  Area, 
2,100  sq.  m.  Surface  level  &  low.  Soil 
productive.  Cap.  JMarion.  Ind.  corn,  & 
some  cotton.     P.  2,648. 

Crixa,  a  city  of  Brazil,  prov.  Goyaz. 
The  title  of  city  was  conferred  on  the  old 
borough  of  Crixa  in  1836.     P.  5,000.  (']) 

Croagh  Patrick,  a  mntn.  of  Ireland, 
Connaught,  co.  Mayo,  on  the  S.  side  of 
Clew  bay.     Ekv.  2,530  ft. 

Croatia,  a  prov.  of  the  Austrian  emp., 
dependent  on  the  crown  of  Hungary, 
bounded  W.  by  the  Adriatic,  xlrea,  9,800 
sq.  m.  P.  588,763.  It  is  divided  into 
Civil  Croatia,  cap.  Agram,  chief  towris 
Warasdin  &  Creutz  ;  &  Military  Croatia, 
chief  towns  Carlstadt,  Belovar,  Zeng,  & 
Carlopago.  Its  minerals  comprise  copper, 
iron,  lead  &  coal.  It  has  salt  mines,  & 
many  mineral  springs.  The  plains  of  the 
E.  &  N.E.  are  very  fertile,  &  furnish 
various  kinds  of  grain,  fruits,  &  especially 
a  wine  of  excellent  quality;  the  chief 
occupation  of  the  inhabs.  is  cattle  rearing. 
Manufs.  ■  The  inhnbs.  are  of  Slavonian 

descent. II.  {Turkish),  a  part  of  anc. 

Croatia,  comprised  in  the  Turkish  empire, 
dependent  on  the  eyalat  of  Bosnia.  It  is 
situated  betw.  Austrian  Croatia,  Bosnia, 
&  Herzegovina. 

Crock  Fieschi,  two  vills.  of  Sardinia. 

1,   prov.   Genoa.     P.   3,687. IL 

{Mosso),  prov.  Biella.     P.  1,630. 

Choia,  a  town  of  Albania.  It  is  the 
chief  town  of  the  Mliditesi  a  Roman 
Catholic  people,  nearly  independent.  P. 
6,000. 

Croisic  (Le),  a  comm.  &  seaport  town 
of  France,  dep.  Loire  Inf.,  cap.  cant.,  on 
a  point  of  land  between  the  mouths  of 
the  Loire  &  Vilaine.     P.  2,196. 

Croisille  (La),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Vienne.     P.  2,120. 

Croix-Koussb  (La),  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Rhone,  cant.  Lyon,  of 
which  it, forms  a  suburb,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Rhone.  P.  18,933.  It  has  manufs.  of 
silk. 

Croix^(St.).  two  rivers,  America. 

I.  Maine ;  length,  55  m. II.  a  branch 

of  the  Mississippi. 

Croix  (Ste  ),  numerous  comms.  &  vills. 

of  France,  the  principal  being  : 1,  dep. 

Gironde.     P.  1,126. II.  dep.  H.  Rhin, 

arrond.  &  4  m.  S.  Colmar.    P.  1,609.;; 

III.  {aux  Mines),  dep.  Vosges.  P.  3,-625. 
— —lY.  {de  Volvestre),  dep.  Ariege,  cap. 


234 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[csia 


cant.  P.  1,761. V.  a  vill.,  Switzer- 
land, cant.  Vaud,  on  the  French  frontier^ 

P.  2,900. VI.  a  vill.,  Lr.  Canada,  off 

the  S.  bank  of  the  riv.  St.  Lawrence. 

VII.  the  S.-most  &  largest  of  the  Virgin 
isls.,  &  the  most  important  of  the  Danish 
possessions  in  the  W.  Indies.  Area,  100 
sq.  m.  P.  (1845)  25,600,  of  whom  18,400 
were  slaves.     Cap.  Christiansted. 

Crolxes,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Isere.     P.  1,550. 

Chomarty,  a  small  co.  of  Scotl.,  fo^rm- 
ing  the  promontory  called  Ardmeandch, 

or  "Black  Isle."     Area,  ITJ  acres. 

II.  a  seaport  town,  cap.  above  co.,  situated 
on  Cromarty  firth,  at  the  S.  side  of  its 
entrance. 

Cromarty  Firth,  an  inlet  oi  the  N. 
sea,  Scotland,  &  one  of  the  fines't  bays  in 
Britain,  on  its  N.E.  coast. 

Cromer,  a  small  seaport  town  & 
watering-place  of  England,  co.  Norfolk, 
on  its  N.  coast. 

Cromford,  a  neatly  built  mkt.  town 
of  England,  co.  Derby,  in-  the  picturesque 
valley  of  Matlock-dale,  at  the  terminus 
of  the  Peak  forest  railw.     P.  1,409. 

Crompton,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
Lancaster.     P.  6,729. 

Cromwell,  t.,  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.    P. 

1,140. II.  t.,  Middlese.x  co.  Conn. 

Cronberg,  a  town  of  Nassau.  P.  2,133. 
Cronstadt,  a  fortfd.  town  of  Russia, 
gov.  St.  Petersburg,  of  which  it  forms  the 
port,  on  a  small  island  in  the  gulf  of 
Finland.  Lat.  of  cathedral  59°  59'  46" 
P.  in  summer,  53,000.  Its  vast  port,  the 
most  important  of  the  Russian  marine,  is 
divided  into  3  parts, — that  on  the  E.  is 
the  military  port,  which  usually  contains 
the  greater  part  of  the  Russian  fleet ; 
the  middle  port  is  used  for  refitting 
ships  of  war,  &  that  on  the  W.  for  the 
landing  &  discharging  of  large  merchant 
vessels,  which  cannot  approach  St.  Peters- 
burg. 

Crooked  Islands  (Great  &  Little), 
two  isls.  of  the  Bahama.s. 

Crooked  Lake,  Steuben  &  ^ates  cos. 
N.  Y ,  is  18  m.  long.-  The  outlet  has  a 
fall  of  270  feet  in  7  m.  Bluff  Point,  a 
promontory,  extending  into  the  lake,  is 
800  ft.  high. 

Croom,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Munster, 
CO.  Limerick.     P.  1,470. 

Croppenstadt,  a  walled  town  of  Prus- 
sian Sa.xony,  reg.  Magdeburg.    P.  2,061. 
Crosby,  town,  Hamilton  co.  Ohio.     P. 
1,876. 

Cross  Creek,  t.,  JeflFerson  co.  0..  on 
Great  Miami  riv.     P.  1,717. 

Crossen,    a  .town   of  Prussia,   prov. 


Brandenburg,  at  confl.  of  the  Bober  with 
the  Oder.     P.  6,450. 

Cross-Fell,  a  mntn.  of  England,  co 
Cumberland.     Elev.  2,901  ft. 

Cross,  Brit.  N.  America,  20  m.  long. 
Crossland  (Squth),  atnship.  of  Engl., 
CO.  York.     P.  2,705. 

Crossmolina,  a  market  town  of  Ire- 
land, Connaught,  co.  Mayo,  on  the  Deel. 
P.  1,672. 

Cross-Sound,  Euss.  America,  separ- 
ates King  George  III.  archipelago,  N.W. 
from  the  mainland.  Cross  cape  is  at  its 
S.W.  entrance. 

Crotoy  (Le),  a  comm.  &  t.  of  France, 
dep.  Somme,  on  the  Somme. 

Croulin  Isles,  a  group,  Scotland,  off 
the  W.  coast  of  Rossshire. 

Crown  Point,  p-t.,  Essex  co.  N.  Y. 
Lake  Champlain  is  on  its  E.  border. 
Drained  by  Putnam's  cr.  Here  are  the 
ruins  of  the  celebrated  old  fort.  P.  2,212. 

II.  cap.  Lake  co.  la.,  in  the  centre 

of  Robinson's  prairie. 

Croydon,  p-t.,  Sullivan  co.  N.  Y.     It 

has  good  water  power.     P.  966. II.  a 

market  town  of  England,  co.  Surrey.  P. 
16,712,  The  town  is  well  built  &  increas- 
ing in  size. 

Croyland,  an  ancient  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Lincoln,  on  the  river  Welland,  here 
crossed  by  a  bridge  built  in  the  time  of 
Edward  II.,  &  much  admired  by  antiqua- 
ries. 

Crozon,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Finistere,  cap.  cant.,  on  a  peninsula 

S.  Brest  roads.     P.  8,858. II.  a  vill., 

dep.  Indre.     P.  1,080. 
'     Cb.uach-Lussa    ("the    mountain    of 
plants"),  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  county 
Argyle,  3,000  ft.  above  the  sea. 

Chu-ces,  a  vill.  of  S.  America,  New 
Granada,  dep.  &  on  the  isthmus. 

Cruit  Island,  Ireland,  Ulster,  county 
Donegal,  is  in  the  Atlantic. 

Crummock-Water,  a  lake  of  Engl., 
CO.  Cumberland,  between  Buttermere  & 
Lowes  Water. 

Crumsall,  a  tnship.  of  England,  co. 
Lancaster.     P.  2,745. 

Csaba,  a  vill.  of  Hungary,  beyond  the 
Theiss,  co.  Bekes.  P.  of  dist.  (1845)  24,- 
590.  This  is  the  largest  village  in  Eu- 
rope. It  has  an  extensive  trade  in  corn, 
cattle,  fruit,  wine,  hemp,  &  flax. 

Csakvar,  a  vill.  of  Hungary,  county 
Stuhlweissenburg.     P.  4,840. 

CsANAD,  a  mrkt.  town  of  E.  Hungary, 
cap.  CO.,  on  the  Maros.     P.  3,730. 

CsATSAK,  a  town,  Servia,  on   the   Mo-' 
rava,  90  m.  S.W.  Belgrade. 

CsBTNEK,  a  market  town  of  N.  Hun- 


cud] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


235 


gary,  eo.  Gomor.  P.  2,500.  It  has  iron 
&  antimony  mines. 

CsoNGRAD,  a  mrkt.  town  of  Hungary, 
cap.  CO.  of  same  name,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Theiss  &  Kords.  P.  13,686.  It  is 
Well  built. 

CsOENA,  a  market  town  of  AY.  Hun- 
gary, CO.  Oedenburg.     P.  3,990. 

CuAJMEciuALPA,  a  town  of  Ceirtval 
Amer,  state  of  Guatemala.     P.  3,000. 

Cuautlay-Abiilpas,  a  towti  of  the 
Mexican  confed.,  dep.  &  70  m.  S.Yf .  La 
Peubla. 

Cuba,  the  largest  of  the  W;  India  isls., 
situated  between  hi.t.  19°  50'  &23°  9'N., 
&  Ion.  74°  8'  &  84°  58'  W.  It  is  of  an 
elongated  narrow  shape,  greatest  length 
764  m.,  breadth  varying  from  25  to  130 
m.  Area:,  including  its  dependent'isls., 
about  32,800  sq.  m.  The  following  was 
the  classification  of  the  pop.  of  Cuba  in 
1850  :— 

Creole  whites,  520,000 
Spaniards,  3.5,000 

Troops  and  marines,  23,000 

Foreigners,  10,3()0 

Flualiiig  population,  17,000 605,560 

Free  mulaitoes,  118,200 

Free  blacks,  87,370 205,870 

Slave  in  ulaitoes,  11,100 

Slave  blacks,         425,000  436,100 641,670 

Total,  1,247,230 

Whole  number  capable  of  bearing 
arms,  including  whites,  Spaniards,  slaves, 
&c.,  393,000.  In  1850,  the  number  of 
sugar  estates  in  the  island  amounted  to 
1,442;  colfee  estates,  1,618  ;  tobacco  plan- 
tations, 9,101 ;  with  9,930  grazing  farms, 
&  223  towns.  Large  quantities  of  wax 
&  honey  are  produced.  It  is  estimated 
that  there  are  900,000  head  of  cattle, 
200,000  horses,  &  50,000  mules  in  the 
island.  In  minerals  the  island  is  very 
rich;  of  copper  mines  no  less  than  114 
have  been  discovered;  &  the  mine  at 
Cobre,  worked  by  an  English  company, 
has  shipped  from  27,000  to  43,000  tons 
annually.  Coal,  iron,  &  silver  have  also 
been  discovered.  During  the  five  years 
ending  1850,  there  were  exported  from 
this  island,  5,340,768  boxes  of  sugar; 
364.183  quintals  of  tobacco,  in  leaf; 
896,008  millares  of  cigars;  960,306 
quintals  of  coffee;  1,200,777  hogsheads 
of  molasses ;  68,268  pipes  of  spirits ; 
2,99^238  quintals  of  copper  ore ;  & 
60,226  quintals  of  wax,  besides  other 
merchandise.  The  coasts  are  surrounded 
with  reefs  &  shallows,  &  only  ^  of  them 
accessible  to  vessels ;  on  this  part,  how- 
ever, there  are  severed  excellent,  harbors. 


The  S.E.  part  of  the  island  is  intersected 
by  a  mountain  fange,  the  Montanos  del 
Cobre,  the  highest  parts  attaining  an 
elevation  of  7,000  ft.;  this  cliain  extends 
along  the  greater  part  of  the  length  of 
the  island.  The  northern  part  is  more 
level,  with  rich  valleys  &  plains.  E-xten- 
sive  lagoons  &  salt  marshes  lie  along  the 
flat  shores.  There  are  no  large  rivers. 
Some  are  navigable  for  a  few  miles  in- 
ward for  boats.  Only  a  small  proportion 
of  the  land,  about  2,000,000  of  acres,  is 
yet  under  cultivation,  but  it  produces 
abundant  crops  of  maize,  yams.  iDananas, 
potatoes,  sugar,  coffee,  tobacco,  &  to  a 
small  extent,  cotton,  cocoa,  and  indigo. 
The  uncultivated  portions  contain  exten- 
sive &  fertile  prairies,  where  upwards  of 
1 J  millions  of  cattle  are  reared.  Cuba  is 
divided  into  three  provs.  (intendencias), 
the  N.  &  central  being  the  richest  &  most 
populous,  &  contains  22  cities  &  towns,  & 
204  vills.  &  hamlets.  Chf.  towns,  Havana, 
Santiago,  Matanzas,  Santa  Clara,  Santa 
Maria,  Trinidad,  &c.  With  all  its  trade, 
it  has  not  a  single  bank,  &  though  it  has 
only  a  specie  currency,  in  no  other  coun- 
try is  there  so  much  paper-money.  The 
internal  traflic  is  now  facilitated  by  im- 
proved roads,  &  800  m.  of  railroad  opened 
in  1847.  The  government  of  the  island 
is  vested  in  a  captain-general,  vpho  is 
supreme  military  commandant  &  civil 
governor  of  one  of  the  provs.  No  for- 
eigner can  land  on  the  island  without 
procuring  the  security  of  a  native  of  re- 
sponsibility for  his  good  behavior.  Cuba 
was  discovered  by  Columbus  in  his  first 

voyage,   1493. II.  p-t.,  Alleghany  co. 

N.  Y.  Traversed  by  a  canal  &  a  railroad. 
P.  1,768. 

CuBAGUA,  a  small  isl.  of  S.  America, 
Venezuela,  dep.  &  30  m.  N.  Caracas,  in 
the  Caribbean  sea,  between  Margarita  & 
the  mainland.  A  pearl  fishery  was  car- 
ried on  off  its  coast. 

CuBZAc,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Gironde,  Bordeaux,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Dor- 
do.gne,  with  a  small  port,  &  fine  suspen- 
sion bridge.     P.  1,000. 

CuDDALOBB,  a  maritime  town,  British 
India,  presid.  Madras,  on  the  bay  of 
Bengal.  It  is  large,  well-built,  &  pop- 
ulous. 

CuDDAPAH,  an  extensive  dist.  of  Brit. 
India,  presid.  Madras.  Area,  12,753  sq. 
m.  P.  1,063,164.  It  consists  of  a  por- 
tion of  the  table-land  above  the  ghauts ; 
its  rivs.  being  mostly  affls.  of  the  Pennar. 
Products  comprise  cotton,  indigo,  tobacco, 
red-pepper,  soda,  &  nitre,  with  coarse 
cotton  stuffs  &  s_ugar. 


236 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[cum 


Ctjellae,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  k  30 
m.  N.iX.W.  Segovia.     P.  2.851. 

CuENCA,  a  city,  Spuin,  cap.  prov.  same 
name,  near  the  confl.  of  the  Huecar  & 
Jucar,  84  m.  S.B  Madrid.  P.  6,930.  It 
is  enclnseJ  by  Ijigh  walis,  &  has  7  gatei. 
Maiiufi.  Avoullen  stufl's  &  paper. 

CuENCA,  a  city  of  S.  America,  Ecusilor, 
dep.  A.-suay,  cnp.  prov.  in  a  wide  plnin, 
8,640  feet  above  the  sea,  85  m.  S.S.W. 
Quito.     P.  20,000.(7) 

CuERNAVACA,  a  tovm  of  Mexican  con- 
fed.,  stale  &  40  m.  S.  Mexico,  on  a  mntn. 
spur  jutting  into  a  valley.  It  consists  of 
numerous  steep  &  narrow  streets  with 
ranges  of  one-storied  houses,  fronted 
with  balconies  &  porches. 

CuERS,  a  cinum.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Var,  cap.  Toulon.     P.  3,909. 

CuEvA  RE  Vera,  a  town  of  S]3ain,  prov. 
Alineria,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Almanzor 
in  the  Mediterranean.  P.  including  its 
suburbs,  10,140. 

CuEVAS  DE  ViNROMA,  a  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     P.  2,600. 

Cuggiono-Maggiorh,  a  town  of  Lom- 
bardy.     P.  3,629. 

CuGLiERi,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  div.  Sas- 
sari.     P.  4,052. 

CuisEAux,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Saone-et-Loire.     P.  1,760. 

CuisERY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Saone-et-Loire,  cap.  cant.,  on  rt.  b. 
of  the  Seille.     P.  1,660. 

CuivRE,  t.,  St.  Charles  co.  Mo.  P.  2,093. 
■ II.  t.,  Pike  CO.  Mo.     P.  2,592. 

CuLCHETH,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
tancaster.     P.  2,193. 

CuLEBRA,  a  seaport  of  Cent.  America, 

state   Costa  Rica II.  a  river,  same 

state,  enters  the  Caribbean  sea,  near  the 
L.  Chiriqui. 

CuLiACAN,  a  town  of  Mexican  eonfed., 
in  a  fertile  tract,  on  the  riv.  Culiaean. 
P.  11,000. 

CuLLATOOR  k  CuLLOOR,  two  towns  of 
India. 

CuLLEN,  a  seaport  town,  Scotland,  eo. 
Banff,  on  the  CuUen.     P.  2,622. 

CuLLERA,  Sucro,  a  maritime  toivn  of 
Spain,  prov.  Valencia,  on  the  Mediterra- 
nean at  the  mouth  of  the  Jucar.  P.  7, 1 14. 
—  Cape  Cullera,  3  m.  N.,  is  in  lat.  39°  9' 
N.;  Ion.  4°  51' 41". E. 

CuLLODEN,  a  wide  moory  ridg'e  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  Inverness. 

Cully,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Vaud,  on  the  lake  of  Geneva.  It  has 
some  Roman  antiquities. 

CuLNA,  two  towns  of    British  India, 

presid.  &  prov.  Bengah 1,  dist.  Jes- 

sore,  on  an  arm  of  the-  Ganges.^ II. 


dist.  Burdwan,  of  which  it  is  the  port,  on 
the  Hooghly  river. 

CuLPBE,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 
&  prov.  Bengal. 

(JuLPEPPES,  CO.,  Va.,  situated  toward 
the  iS  .E  pari,  of  the  sLate,  &  contains  672 
sq.  ra.  Rappahannocli  river  runs  on  its 
N.E.  boundary,  &  Rapid  Asn  on  its  S. 
border.  The  surface  is  pleasantly  diver- 
sified, &  the  soil  fertile.  Its  chief  pro- 
ductions are  grain  &  tobacco.  Capital, 
Fairfax  or  CulpepiJer  C.  H.  Tanneries 
&  distilleries,  saw  k  grist  mills,  7  acad. 

P.  12,282. II.  C.  H.,  p-v.,  Culpepper 

eo.  Va.,  98  rn.  N.N.W.  Richmond,  82"  W. 
It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  k  clerk's 
olfice,  on  the  public  square  :  1  ncwsp. 

CuLROss,  a  sesport  town  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Perth,  on  the  Jf.  shore  of  the  firth  of 
Forth.     P.  1,444. 

CuMA,  a  fortress  of  S.  Italy,  close  to         «« 
the  Mediterranean.  ^ 

CuMANA,  a  marit.  city  of  S.  America, 
Venezuela,  cap.  dep.  &  prov.  on  the  gulf 
of  Cariaco,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Maza- 
nares.  P.  8,000.  Its  roadstead  is  good ; 
export  trade  in  cattle,  smoked  meat,  salt 
fish,  cacao,  &  other  provisions  pretty  ex- 
tensive ;  &  it  is  the  oldest  European  city 
on  the  American  continent,  having  been 
founded  in  1523. 

CuMANAcoA,  a  town  of  South  America, 
Venezuela,  dep.  Cumana.     P.  5,000.(?) 

Cumberland,  the  most  N.W.  county 
of  England,  having  N.  Solway  firth  &  the 
Esk  &  Liddle  rivers,  separating  it  from 
Scotland,  &  W.  the  Irish  sea.  Area,  1,523 
sq.  m.  P.  195,487.  Surface  mountainous 
&  highly  picturesque.  Skiddaw  rises  to 
3,166  ft.  above  the  sea.  Principal  rivs. 
the  Eden,  Esk,  &  Derwent.  In  this  co. 
are  the  beautifiil  lakes  Derwent-water, 
Bassenthwaite,  Borrowdale,  Buttermere, 
k  Ulles-water,  on  the  borders  of  West- 
moreland. 

Cumberland,  a  large  riv.  rises  in 
Cumberland  mountains,  Kentucky,  & 
after  a  S.W.  course  of  600  m.,  enters  the 
Ohio  r.,  navigable  for  the  last  half  of  its 

length    for    vessels   of  400   tons. II. 

county.  Me.,  situated  in  the  S.W.  part  of 
the  state,  &  contains  990  sq.  m.  The  soil 
is  fertile,  k  it  is  well  cultivated.  It  hag 
several  large  ponds,  the  chief  of  which  is 
Sebago  pond,  from  which  a  canal  ex- 
tends to  Portland.  This  county  has  an 
import  sea  coast,  &  enjoys  great  fncilities 
for  commerce.  Capital,  Portland.  \!!om-  - 
mon  agricultural  fruits  are  produced. 
Potatoes  the  staple  commod.  raised.  Ex- 
tensive commerce.  Tanneries,  potteries, 
k  saw  &  grist  mills.     Various  mauufs. 


'T^P^!** 


CtTRJ 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


237 


10  newsp.,  21  acad.,  I  college  witti  150 

students.     P.  79,549. III.  county,  N. 

J.,  situated  in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  state, 
&  contains  524  square  rn.  Organized  in 
1748.  It  has  Delaware  bay  on  the 
S.3.W.  Drained  by  Stow  &  Cohanseycrs., 
&  Maurice  &  Tuekahoe  rivers.  It  con- 
tains iron  ore  &  beds  of  marl.  Soil  light. 
Cap.  Bridgetown.  Chief  prod,  wheat  & 
Ind.  corn.     Various  manufs.     1  newsp., 

3  acad.     P.  17,189. ^IV.  county,  Pa., 

situated  S.E.  of  the  centre  of  the  state,  & 
contains  544  square  miles.  Drained  by 
Conedogwinet  creek  &  Yellow  Breeches 
cr.  It  contains  iron  ore.  Capital,  Car- 
lisle. Staple  prod,  wheat,  Ind.  corn, 
potatoes  &  hops.  Consid.  trade.  Forges, 
furnaces,  tanneries  &  distilleries.  Ma- 
nufs. of  woollen.s,  &  paper,  &  cottons. 
6  newsp.,  3  acad.  P.  •  34,327.— —V. 
county,  Va.,  situated  S.E.  of  the  centre 
cf  the  state,  and  contains  320  sq.  m. 
Organized  in  1748.  The  Appomattox 
river  runs  on  its  S.E.  border.  Cap.  Cum- 
berland   c.   H.       Staple    pr<jd.    tobacco. 

Consid.  mnnufs.    P.  9,751.- VI.  county, 

N.  C,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state.  Area 
1,300  sq.  m.  Drained  by  Cape  Fear  r. 
Cap.  Fayetteville.  Staple  commod.  cot- 
ton. Manufs.  of  cottons.  60  saw  &  90 
gi'ist  mills.     1  new.«p.,  4  acad.     P.  5,909. 

VII.  county,  Ky.,  on  the  S.  border 

of  the  state.  CumberLind  r.  flows 
through  it.  A  fine  agricultural  co.  Sta- 
ple prod.  Ind.  corn  &  tobacco.  P.  7,005. 
Cap.  Burkesville. VIII.  p-t.,  Cumber- 
land CO.  Me.,  on   Casco  bay.     P.  1,616. 

IX.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Alleghany  CO.,  Md., 

on  the   Potomac  r.      County   buildings. 

The  national  road  commences  here. 

X.  t.,  Adams  CO.  Pa.     P.  1,217. XI. 

t..  Green  co.  Pa.     P.  1,918. XII.  t., 

Providence,  R.  I.  Manufs.  of  cotton  & 
woollen  goods. XIII.  a  co.,  E.  Austra- 
lia, having  E  the  ocean.  In  it  are  the 
towns  Sidney,  Paramatta,  Richmond, 
AVintlsor,  Hawkesbury,  &  Liverpool,  with 
Ports  Jackson,  &  Hackins,  &  Botany 
bay. 

CuMBERL.^ND  TsLAND,  Brit.  Is".  Ameri- 
ca, is  a  peninsula  between  Davis  strait 
&  Northumberland  inlet. II.  an  isl- 
and, PaciSc,  Dangerous  archipelago 
group. — ^III.  U.  States,  off  the  coast  of 
Georgia,  jST.B.  St.  Mary's,  15  m.  loiig  & 
5  broad. — The  Cumb.  isls.  are  a  group 
off  N,E.  Australia. 

Cumberland  Mountains,  Tenn., 
commencing  in  Pa.,  &  terminating  in 
northern  Ala. 

Cumberland  Valley,  t.,  Bedford  co. 
Pa.     P.  904. 


CuMBRAY,  or  CiMBHAEs  {Great  (^  Lit- 
tle), two  isls.  of  Scotland,  co.  Bute,  in  the 
firth  of  Clyde,  2  m.  S.W.  Largs. 

CuMEBE  (La),  a  principal  pass  across 
the  Andes',  betw.  Santiago  (Chile),  & 
Mendoza.     Elev.  12,454  feet. 

CuMbres-Mazokes,  a  modern  town  of 
Spain,  prov.  Huelva.     P.  2,056. 

Cumbria,  an  anc.  British  principality. 

CuMiANA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Piedmont, 
prov.,  on  the  Cisola.     P.  3,453. 

CuMLY,  a  marit.  town  &  fort  of  British 
India,  presid.  Madras,  dist.  Canara,  on 
a  peninsula  surrounded  by  a  salt  lake, 
dose  to  the  Malabar  coast. 

Gumming,  p-v.,  cap.  Forsyth  co.  Ga. 

CuMMiNGTON,  t.,  Hampshire  co.  Mass. 
Soil  adapted  to  grazing.     P.  1,237. 

CuMMUM     &     CuMMUMAIT,    tWO    tOWnS 

of  India;  the  former,  presid.  Madras; 
the  latter,  Nizam's  dom. 

CuMRu,  t.,  Berks  co.  Pa:,  well  watered 
&  productive. 

CuNDiNAMARCA,  the  Centre  dep.  of 
New  Granada,  S.  America,  in  the  region 
of  the  Andes.  Estim.  area  350,000  sq. 
m.  The  pop.  consists  of  whites,  Indians, 
&  mixed  races  in  about  equal  propor- 
tions. It  comprises  the  cap.  city  of  the 
republic^- 

CuNHA,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov.  &  135 
m.  N.E.  Sao  Paulo,  near  the  Jacuhi. 
P.  (with  dist.)  3,000. 

CuNLHAT,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Puy-de-Dome.     P.  1,890. 

Cunningham's  Island,  a  large  &  pop- 
ulous isl.,  Ohio,  in  the  W.  part  of  Lake 
Erie,  Ottawa  co.,  10  m.  N.  Sandusky  bay. 

CuoRGNB,  a  mkt.  town  of  Piedmont, 
div.  Turin,  prov.  Ivrea,  cap.  mand.,  at 
the  foot  of  an  eminence,  on  the  Orca. 
P.  (with  comm.)  5,614. 

Cupar-Fife,  a  market  town  of  Scot- 
land, cap.  CO.  Fife,  in  the  centre  of  the 
"  Howe"  of  Fife,  on  the  Eden. 

CuRA,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  state  &  dep. 
Venezuela,  45  m.  S.W.  Caracas.  P- 
4,000. 

CuBAfAo,  an  isl.,  Caribbean  sea,  be- 
longing to  the  Dutch,  off  the  N.  coast  of 
Venezuela.  Length  40  m.,  breadth  6  to 
10  m.  P.  15,164,  of  whom  9,728  are 
slaves.  Shores  bold  ;  surface  hilly  ;  soil 
not  rich,  &  deficient  in  water,  yet  a  good 
deal  cif  sugar,  indigo,  tobacco,  &  maize- 
are  raised.  It  contains  12  schools,  & 
1,043  pupils.  Chief  town,  Willemstad, 
or  Cura^oa;,  a  small  neat  place. 

Curibum,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Madras,  prov.  Orissa. 

CuRico,  a  town  of  Chile,  dep.  Coleha- 
gua,  120  m;  S.  Santiago.     P.  2,000.(7) 


238 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[cYC 


Curische-Haff,  a  lagoon,  or  back- 
water of  the  Baltic,  E.  Prussia,  extend- 
ing along  the  coast  for  about  53  m.  S.  of 
Memel. 

CuRiTiBA,  a  towa  of  Brazil,  cap.  co- 
marca  of  same  name,  prov.  Soa  Paulo, 
W.  Paranagua,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Curytiba. 
Manufs.  coarse  woollens.  Its  dist.  has  a 
pop.  of  12,000. 

CuHRAH,  a  town  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid.  Bengal,  upper  provs. 

Current,  r.  of  Mo.  &  Ark.,  a  branch 
of  Black,  150  m.  long. 

Currie,  Scotland,  co.  Edinburgh.  P. 
2,000. 

Citrrode,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bombay,  on  the  Nerbuddah. 
.  Currituck,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in 
the  N.E.  part  of  the  state,  &  contains 
600  sq.  m.  The  surface  is  level,  &  some 
part  of  it  is  marshy.  Currituck  sound 
separates  it  into  2  parts,  &  affords  facili- 
ties for  navigation.  It  comprehends  the 
entire  sea-coast  of  N.  Carolina,  from  the 
Virginia  line  to  a  point  20  m.  S.W.  of 
cape  Hatteras,  including  Roanoke  isl. 
Capital,  Currituck.  Ind.  corn ;  some 
salt.  P.  7,236. II.  island,  sound  &  in- 
let, Currituck  co.  N.  C.  The  island  is  30 
m.  long  &  2  broad,  &  encloses  the  sound, 
which  is  50  m.  long  &  from  1  to  10  broad, 
&  has  no  great  depth.     The  inlet  is  an 

entrance  into   this  sound. III.  c.  h., 

Currituck  co.  N.  C.     County  buildings. 

CuRRUCKPOOR,  a  town  &  zernindary  of 
Brit.  India,  prov.  Bahar. 

CuRRYBARRY,  an  extensivc  zernindary 
of  Brit.  India,  presid.  Bengal,  E.  of  the 
Brahmaputra. 

Curtis' s  Islands,  Pacific  ocean. 

CuRUGUATY,  a  vili.  of  Paraguay.  It 
is  a  depot  for  yerha-mate,  or  Paraguay 
tea,  collected  in  its  vicinity. 

Curvale,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn,  on  the  Ranee.     P.  2,567. 

CuRzOLA,  an  isl.  of  Dalmatia,  circ.  Ra- 
gusa,  on  the  Adriatic,  separated  by  a 
narrow  strait  from  the  peninsula  Sabi- 
oncello. 

CusANO,  a  t.  of  Naples,  prov.  T.  di  La- 
voro,  cap.  cant.,  in  the  mntnsv    P.  4,000. 

CusHiNG,  t.,  Lincoln  co.  Me. 

CussAc,  a  comm  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Vienne.    P.  1,990. 

CussET,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Allier,  cap.  cant.  P.  3,856.  It  is 
pleasantly  situated  in  a  valley,  &  has 
manufs.  of  coarse  woollens  &  paper. 

CussAWAGO,  p-t.,  Crawford  co.  Pa. 
P.  1,269. 

CussY-EN-MoRVANT,  a  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Sa6ne-et-Loire.    P.  1,750. 


CuTCH,  a  state  &  prov.  of  W.  Hindoa- 
tan. 

CuTCH-GrUNDAvA,  a  prov.  of  Beloochis- 

tan.      Length  N.  to  S.   160  m.,  breadth 

130  m.  Area,  10,000  sq.m.  P.  100,000(7). 

CuTHBERT,  p-v.,  Cap.  of  Randolph  co. 

Ga. 

Cutler,  t.,  Washington  co.  Me.    P.  657. 

CcTTACK,  a  large  marit.  dist.  of  Brit. 

India,  presid.  &  on  the  W.  side  of  the  bay 

of    Bengal.      Area,    9,000    sq.    m.      P. 

1,296,365(7).     Principal  towns,  Cuttack, 

Balasore,  &  Juggernaut. — Cuttack,  cap. 

of  dist.,  is  situated  on  the  Mahanuddy, 

220  m.  S.AV.  Calcutta. 

CuTTERAH,  a  vill.  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  upper  provs. 

CuTTUB,  a  small  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  upper  provs. 

CuTWA,  a  town  of  British  India,  prov. 
Bengal. 

Cuvo,  a  riv.  of  W.  Africa,  Lower 
Guinea,  Benguela,  enter  the  Atlantic 
after  a  course  estimated  at  400  m. 

CuxHAVEN,  a  seaport  vill.  of  N.W. 
Germany,  dom.  Hamburg,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Elbe.     P.  1,000. 

CuYABA,  a  city  of  Brazil,  cap.  of  the 
prov.  of  Mato-Grosso,  near  1.  b.  of  riveV 
of  same  name.  P.  3,000.  It  is  ill  built 
&  irregular  ;  houses  mostly  of  clay. 

Cuyahoga,  r.  of  0.,  rising  in  Geauga 
CO.,  &  flowing  into  Lake  Erie.  L.  60  m. 
— '■ — II.  county,  0.,  situated  in  the  N. 
part  of  the  state  ;  is  bounded  N.  by  Lake 
Erie.  It  contains  475  sq.  m.  Watered 
by  Cuyahoga  &  Rocky  rivers,  which  enter 
Lake  Erie.  The  surface  is  level,  inclining 
to  the  N. ;  soil  fertile.  A  good  farming 
CO.  Consid.  trade.  Some  manufs.  Tan- 
neries.   4  newsp.,  6  acad.     P.  43,099. 

Cuyahoga  Falls,  p-v.,  Summit  co. 
0.,  128  N.E.  Columbus,  335  W.  '  This 
romantic  &  pleasant  village  is  situated  on 
the  Cuyahoga  r.,  which  here  affords  great 
water  power.  It  is  traversed  by  Pa.  & 
Ohio  canal. 

CuYUNi,  a  river  of  British  Guiana, 
tributary  to  the  Essequibo,  which  it  joins 
from  the  W. 

Cuzco,  a  dep.  of  S.  Peru,  having  W. 
&  S.  the  deps.  Ayacucho  &  Puno.  Area, 
44,900  sq.  m.  P.  263,924.  Surface  cov- 
ered in  the  W.  by  the  Andes,  declines 
B.-ward  to  the  valley  of  the  Urubamba. 
It  is  divided  into  1 1  provs. ;  its  chief 
towns  are  Cuzco,  Aban^ay,  &  Urubamba. 
—  Cuzco,  cap.  dep.,  &  formerly  the  cap. 
of  the  Incas,  11,380  feet  above  the  sea- 
P.  46,123. 

Cyclades,  are  the  principal  isls.  of 
the  Grecian  archip.,  of  which  they  form 


dae] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


239 


the  govs.  Tenos,  Syra,  Naxos,  &  Thera, 
comprising  the  isls.  Lyra,  Kythnos,  Thera, 
Tenos,  Andros,  Naxos,  Melos.  United  area 
13,000  sq.  m.  P.  18,908.  These  isls.  are 
generally  mntuous.,  but  most  of  them 
fertile. 

Cyfoeth-y-Brennin,  a  township  of 
S.  Wales,  CO.  Cardigan.     P.  1,191. 

Cylch-y-Dee,  a  township  of  S.  Wales, 
CO.  Pembroke.     P.  1,086. 

Cynthiania,    t.,    Shelby   co.   0.      P. 

1,022.- II.  p-y.,  cap.  of  Harrison  co. 

Ky.,  on  S.  fork  of  Licking  r.  It  has  a 
court  house  &  jail.     P.  798. 

Cyphian  Bay  (St.),  an  inlet  of  the 
Atlantic  ocean,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa, 
Sahara,  immed.  IST.  cape  Barbas.  It  re- 
ceives the  river  St.  Cyprian,  50  m.  in 
length. 

Cyprien  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,^^  dep.  Dordogne,  cap.  cant.  P. 
1,680.— —II.  a  vill.,  dep.  Aveyron.  ■  P. 
2,384. 

Cyprus,  a  famous  isl.,  Asiatic  Turkey, 
in  the  Mediterranean,  60  m.  off  the  S. 
coast  of  Asia- Minor,  in  lat.  35°  N.,  and 
between  Ion.  32°  &  34°  40'  E.  Area 
4,500  sq.  m.  P.  100,950,  of  whom  70,000 
were  Greeks,  &  30,000,  Turks.  Two 
mountain  ranges  traverse  it  from  W.  to 
E.,  having  between  them  the  valley  of 
the  Pedia  ;  &  mount  Santa  Croee  (ancient 
Olympus)  is  said  to  be  nearly  8,000  feet 
in  ht.  Surface  in  many  parts  uninhabi- 
ted &  covered  with  heaths  &  wastes ; 
elsewhere  very  productive,  and  about 
112,000  qrs.  of  corn,  63,000  do.  of  carobs, 
1,246,000  gals,  of  wine,  198,000  cwt.  of 
salt  are  stated  to  be  an  average  produce 
annually.  Some  carpets,  silks,  &  cotton 
goods  are  made. 

Cyr  (St.),  numerous  vills.  of  Erance. 

1,  dep.  Seine-et-Oise.       Its    famous 

militia  school  established  1803,  occupies 
part  of  the  royal  abbey  founded  by  Louis 

XIV.    in    1686. II.    dep.    Seine-et- 

Marne,  Coulommiers.     P.  1,402. III. 

dep.  Var.     P.  1,704. IV.    (au   Mont 

d'  Or),  dep.  Rhone,  near  1.  b.  of  the  Sa- 

6ne.     P.  1,830. V.  {du  Bailleul),  dep. 

Manche,      P.   1,500. VI.    {en    Pail), 

dep.  Mayenne.     P.  1,400. 

Cysoing,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Nord.     P.  2,746. 

Cyzicus,  a  penins.  of  Asia-Minor,  Ana- 
tolia, extending  into  the  sea  of  Marmora, 
S.E.  of  the  isl.  of  Marmora,  &  70  miles 
S.W.  Constantinople,  connected  by  a 
narrow  neck  with  the  mainland.  Length 
S.  to  N.  about  9  m.,  breadth  18  m. 

CzARNiKow,  a  town  of  Prussia.  P. 
3,510.     Manufs.  of  linen  fabrics. 


Czarnowo,  a  vill.  of  Poland,  80  m. 
E.N.E.  Plock,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Orz,  celeb, 
for  a  victory  by  the  French  over  the  Rus- 
sians, Dec.  23, "1806. 

Czaslau,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  cap. 
circ.     P.  3^400. 

CzEGLED,  a  large  vill.,  centr.  Hungary, 
CO.  Pesth.     P.  16,650. 

Czempin,  a  small  town  of  Prussia, 
Poland. 

Czenstochatt,  a  town  of  Poland,  prov. 
Kalisz,  with  3,500  inhabitants,  woollen 
manufs.  &  a  fortfd.  convent. 

CzENSTOCHOw  (Alt  &  New),  two  con- 
tiguous towns  of  Poland.  Joint  pop. 
6,500. 

CzEREKWE,  two  small  towns  of  Bo- 
hemia. 

Czerniejevo.  a  town  of  Prussia,  Po- 
land, reg.  Bromberg. — Czersk  is  a  town 
of  Poland,  prov.  Warsaw. 

CzERNOwiTz,  a  town  of  Austrian  Po- 
land, Bukowina,  cap.  circ.  same  name,  on 
a  hill  near  the  Pruth. 

CzoRTKOw,  a  town  of  Austrian  Grali- 
cia,  cap.  circ.  on  the  Sereth,  with'  2,300 
inhab. 


D. 

Daber,  a  fortifd.  town  of  Prussia.  P. 
1,560. 

Dabo,  a  comm.  &  yill.  of  France,  dep. 
Meurthe,  cant.  Phalsbourg.     P.  1,226. 

Dabul,  a  town  of  British  India,  presid. 
Bombay,  dist.  Concan,  85  m.  S.E.  Bombay. 

Dacca,  a  city  of  British  India,  ranking 
as  the  second  in  the  prov.  of  Bengal. 
Estim.  pop.  200,000.  It  has  an  imposing 
external  appearance,  with  its  numerous 
minarets  &  spacious  buildings.  It  has  a 
government  college,  &  numerous  Baptist 
missions,  with  Hindoo  &  Mohammedan 
schools.  The  manuf.  of  fine  &  strong 
muslins  for  which  Dacca  was  formerly 
famous,  is  wholly  extinct. 

Dacca,  &  Dacca  Jelalpoor,  two 
contiguous  dists,  of  British  India,  presid. 
&  prov.  Bengal,  intersected  by  the  main 
streams  of  the  Brahmaputra  &  Ganges. 
United  area,  4,459  sq.  m.  Pop.  upwards 
of  1,000,000.  Surface  highly  fertile,  pro- 
ducing rice,  cotton,  sugar,  indigo.  Im- 
portant manufs.  of  damasks  &  cottons. 

Daet,  a  prov.  &  town  of  Luzon, 
Philippine  archipelago ;  the  town  is  situ- 
ated on  the  small  riv.  of  same  name, 
which  falls  into  the  Pacific  at  the  mouth 
of  the  bay  of  San  Miguel.  P,  of  prov, 
12,420. 


240 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHV. 


[dal 


Dachau,  a  market  town  of  Upper 
Bavaria.,  on  the  Ammer.     P.  1,300. 

Dachett,  riv.,  rising  in  Arli.,  &  flow- 
ing into  Lake  Bisteneau,  La. 

DadarAh,  a  large  vi!l.  of  Scinde,  on 
the  Indus. 

Dade,  county,  Ga.,  in  tbe  N.W.  corner 
of  the  st:ite.  Drained  by  a  branch  of 
Tennessee  r.  Mountainous.  Cap.  Tren- 
ton.   Chief  prod.  Ind.corn,  oats  &  cotton. 

P.  2,680. II.  county,  Florida,  on  the 

gulf  of  Florida.  It  has  several  keys  or 
islands  on  the  coast.  In  the  N.  part  is 
the    Everglades.     Cap.  Key  Bisoayune. 

P.  159. III.  county,  Mo.,  in  the  S.W. 

part  of  the  state.  Contains  960  sq.  m. 
Drained  by  Ponjme  de  Terre  riv.  Cap. 
Greenfield.     P.  4,246. 

Dadevii^le,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Tallapoosa  co. 
Ala.    It  has  the  county  buildings. 

Dadree,  a  town,  N.W.  Hindostan, 
Kajpootana. 

Dadue,  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  prov. 
Cutch-Gundava.  P.  3,000.  It  is  stated 
to  be  "one  of  the  hottest  places  in  the 
World." 

Dagelet,  an  isl.  in  the  sea  of  Japan, 
about  midway  between  Japan  &  Corea. 

Daghestan,  a  prov.  of  Russia,  along 
the  W.  coast  of  the  Caspian  sea,  bounded 
S.  &  S.W.  by  the  Caucasus  mntns.  & 
Georgia.  • 

Dago,  an  isl.  of  Russia,  gov.  Esthonia, 
in  the  Baltic  sea,  near  the  entrance  of  the 
gulf  of  Finland.  Length  34  m. ;  breadth 
15  m.     P.  10,000. 

Dagsborough,  p-v.  &  hund.,  Sussex 
CO.  Del.     P.  2,324. 

Dahhi  &  Dahhra,  2  towns  of  Arabia  ; 
the  former  in  Yemen  ;  the  latter,  dom. 
Muscat. 

Dahlen,  2  towns  of  Germany. 1. 

Rhenish  Prussia.  P.  1,360. II.  Saxony, 

on  railw.,  circ.  Leipzig.  P.  2,081.  It  has 
manufs.  of  linens. 

Dahlonega,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Lumpkin  co. 
Ga.  A  branch  of  the  U.  S.  mint  is  here. 
Coinage  in  1851,  $351,592. 

Dahme,  a  town  of  Prussia.,  prov.  Bran- 
denburg, reg.  Potsdam,  on  the  riv. 
Dahme.     P.  3,750. 

Dahna  (Al),  a  wide  sandy  plain, 
occupying  all  the  N.E.  part  of  Arabia, 
bordering  on  the  Turkish  pash.  Bagdad. 

Dahomey,  a  country  of  W.  Africa, 
Upper  Guinea,  extending  along  the  coast, 
froni  the  riv.  Volfa  to  Fort  Badagry, 
between  lat  6°  &  8°  N.,  &  Ion.  0°  30'  & 
2°  E..  bounded  ^Y.  by  Ashantee,  &  E.  by 
Yarriba,  &  comprising  the  coast  dists. 
AVhydah,  Popo,  &  Kerapay.  Surface 
level  &  well  watered ;  tropical  products 


grow  here  "  in  the  utmost  luxuriance. 
The  inhabitants  appear  to  be  in  the  low- 
est stage  of  barba.iism,  &  their  kings  are 
said  to  exercise  the  most  absolute  des- 
potism. An  active _flave  trade  continvies 
to  be  maintained  here.  Chief  town, 
Abomey. 

Daimiel,  a  modern  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Ciudad-Real.  P.  9,128.  There  are 
several  salt  marshes  in  its  vicinity.  It 
has  manufs.  of  woollens  &  linens,  &  is 
one  of  the  richest  &  most  important  places 
in  La  Mancha. 

Daina,  a  vill.  of  Syria,  pash.  Aleppo. 

Dajel,  a  small  town  &  fort  of  N. 
Scinde. 

Dakhel,  the  W.  oasis  of  Upp.  Egypt." 
Length  E.  to  W.  28  m. ;  breadth  15  m. 
Bstim.  pop.  between  6,000  &  7,000.  Soil 
very  fertile,  yielding  large  quantities  of 
dates,  olives,  &  other  fruits.  It  contains 
the  small  towns  El  Kasr  &  Ealamoon. 

Dakotah,  county,  Minnesota.    P.  584. 

Dalai-Nor,  a  Ijjke  of  Mongolia,  near 
the  Russian  frontier. 

Dale,  county,  Ala.,  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
the  state  It  is  barren  pine  land,  with 
exception  of  swamp  &  hammocks.  Cap. 
-Daleville.  Indian  corn,  rice,  cotton,  & 
sugar.     P.  6,346. 

Dalecarlja,  an  old  prov.  of  Swederv. 

Dal- Elf,  a  riv.  of  Sweden,  loens 
Fahlun  &  Gefle,  formed  by  the  union  of 
the  Oster  &  Wester-Dal,flows  successively 
S.E.  &  E.,  traversing  many  lakes,  &  en- 
ters the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Total  course, 
about  250  m. 

Daleszyce,  a  town  of  Poland,  prov. 
Kieloe,  in  a  deep  valley.  P.  1.520.  Near 
it  are  extens.  mines. 

Dalkeith,  a  market  town  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Edinburgh,  between  the  N.  &  S.  Esk 
rivers.  P.  4,831.  Town  well  built,  paved, 
&  lighted. 

Dallas,  county,  Ala.,  near  the  centre 
of  the  state,  contains  925  sq.  m.  The 
Ala.  r.  passes  through  it.  Cap.  Cahaba. 
Staple  prod.  Ind.  corn,  cotton,  &  rice.     2 

newsp.     7  acad.     P.  29,727. II.  co., 

Texas.     P.  2,743. III.  county,  Iowa. 

P.  854. IV.  p-t.,  Luzerne  co.  Pa.     P. 

806. 

Dallya,  a  market  town,  Austrian 
dom.,  Slavonia,  co.  Verotz,  on  r.  b.  of  the 
Danube.     P.  3,430. 

Dalmacheeey,  a  town  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  &  100  m.  N.W.  Madras. 

Dalmatia  (Kingdom  of),  the  S.-most 
portion  of  the  Austrian  empire,  forming 
a  narrow  strip  of  country,  bounded  W.  by 
the  Adriatic,  E.  by  Turkey,  N.  &  E.  by 
Croatia.    Cap.  Zara.    Area,  including  60 


damJ 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


241 


isls.  &  numerous  islets,  5,815  sq.  in.  P. 
410^000,  mostly  of  Slavonic  origin  & 
Roman  Catholics.  Surface  mountainous. 
Culminating  point  Mt.  Orien,  6,332  feet 
in  elevation,  JJinara  6,040  feet,  Pastovo 
5,929  feet,  &  Velebioh  5,439  feet.  Chief 
rivers  the  Zermagna,  Kerka,  Settin»,-& 
Narenta.  Soil  good;  agriculture  in  a 
veiy  rude  state  ;  chf.  products,  Ind.  corn, 
rye,  barley,  the  fig,  &  olives.  Coal  of 
inferior  quality  is  worked  at  Dernis; 
iron  exists  in  the  mountains,  but  is  not 
worked.  Salt  is  a  profitable  article  of 
export.  Fishing  employs  8,000  of  the 
.  coast  pop.,  &  the  country  is  remarkable 
for  the  number  of  its  birds. 

Dalmatov,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Kussia, 
gov.  Perm.,  on  the  Iset.     P.  1,000. 

Dalmow,  a  town  of  India,  dom.  Oude, 
on  N.  b.  of  the  Ganges,  54  m.  S.  Luck- 
now. 

Dalmy,  a  small  Tsl.,  Persian  gulf,  off 
the  Arabian  coast.  Inhabitants  partly 
engaged  in  pearl  fishing. 

Dalhy,  a  vill.  &  pa.  of  Scotl.,  co.  Ayr. 
P.  of  pa.  4,791,  of  wiiich  the  vill,  contains 
a  half.  There  are  coal  &  iron  works,  a 
brisk  manuf.  of  woollens,  &  6  annual 
fairs. 

Dalrymple  (Port),  Tasmania,  is  an 
estuary  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tamar,  N. 
shore  of  Van  Diem^n's  Land. 

Balton,  p-t.,  Coos  CO.  N.  H.  P.  664. 
II.  p-t.,  Berkshire  eo.  Mass.  Wa- 
tered by  bi'anches  of  Housatonie  r.  'P. 
1,255. 

Dalupiri,  one  of  the  Philippine  isls., 
N.  Lu«on.  Lat  19°  15'  N.,  Ion.  121° 
34'  E.,  30  m.  in  eirc. 

Damaghan,  a  fortified  town  of  Persia, 
prov.  Khorassan,  50  m.  S.S.E.  Astrabad. 
Damak,  a  town  of  Java,  near  its  N. 
coast,  15  m.  N.R.  Samarang. 

Damala,  a  vill.  of  Greece,  Morea,  dep. 
Atgolis,  on  the  G.  of  Egina. 

Damanhour,  a  town  of  L.ower  Egypt, 
cap.  prov.  Bahireh.  It  has  cotton-spin- 
ning &  woollen-weaving  factories. 

Damar,    a   town   of  Arabia,   Yemen, 
with  a  citadel,  a  college,  &  5;000  houses. 
Damaran,  an  isl.  of  Asiatic  archip., 
E.  Palawan. 

Damariscotta,  r.,  Me.  It  is  nav.  16 
m.  for.  large  vessel's. 

Damascus,  the  largest  pashalic  of 
Syria,  comprising  all  that  country  be- 
tween Lebanon  &  the  Euphrates.  Sur- 
face mostly  level,  except  in  the  W. ;  in 
parts  it  is  extremely  fertile.  Princip. 
rivs.,  the  Orontes  &  Jordan ;  &  it  com- 
prises the  Dead  sea,  a  part  of  the  L.  of 
Tiberias,  &  several  smaller  lakes.  Chief 
11 


cities,  Damascus,  Horns,  Hamab,  &  Jeru- 
salem; here  also  are  the  remains  of  Pal- 
myi-a,  &  other  cities,  celebrated  in  an- 
cient &  sacred  history.  The  pash.  is 
divided  into  20  dists.,  or  governorships, 
has  8  cities  &  towns,  1,522  villages,  &  a 
pop.   of  526,812,   exclusive   of  Bedwins. 

II.  a  famous  city  of  Syria,  cap.  pash., 

in  a  hilly  fertile  plain,  &  53  m.  E.S.E.  its 
port  Beyrout.  Pop.  estimated  at  from 
80,000  to  100,000.  Its  private  buildings 
are  mostly  mean  externally,  but  inter- 
nally ofien  fitted  up  with  great  magnifi- 
cence. It  is  the  seat  of  a  tribunal  of 
commerce,  &  had  a  few  years  ago  4,000 
looms  for  silk  &  cotton  stuffs.  Caravans 
come  to  it  several  times  annually  from 
Bagdad,  Mecca,  Aleppo,  <fcc.,  &  there  is 
daily  communication  with  Beyrout,  Tri- 
poli, &  Acre.  Damascus  is  probably  one 
of  the  earliest  cities  in  the  world  which 
attained  to  consequence;  it  is  mentioned 
in  Genesis  xiv.  15.  It  was  taken  by 
David  (2  Sam.  viii.  6.) :  but  soon  after- 
wards recovered  its  independence.  The 
city  was  taken  by  the  Saracens,  a.d.  632. 
In  1516  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
Turks,  &  in  1832  was  captured  by  Ibra- 
him Pacha. III.  p-t.,  Wayne  eo.  Me., 

on  the  W.  bank  of  Del.  r.     P.  957. 

Damaun,  a  frontier  prov.  of  Afghanis- 
tan, between  the  Solymaun  mntns.  &  the 
Indus.  Surface  mostly  a  bare,  clayey 
plain,  but  it  is  irrigated  &  fertile  around 

its  towns. II.  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan, 

belonging  to  the  Portuguese,  on  the  gulf 
of  Cambay,  59  m.  S.  Surat.  Estimated 
p.  6,000.  It  has  a  Parsee  temple  (the 
fire  in  which  is  reputed  to  have  been 
burning  for  1,200  years). 

Damazan,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France^ 
dep.  Lot-et-Garonne.     P.  1,680. 

Dambach,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Rhin.     P.  3,485. 

Dambooloo,  a  vill.  of  Ceylon,  witH 
cave  temples,  &  Buddhie  sculptures. 

Damborschitz,  a  mkt.  town  of  Mora- 
via.    P.  1,617. 

'  Dameby,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Marne,  near  r.  b.  of  the  Marne. 
P.  1,770. 

Damgarten,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov. 
Pomerania.     P.  1,411. 

Damiano  (San),  several  small  towns 

of  Italy. 1.    Pontif.    sta.       P.    1,300. 

— i — II.  (d'Asti),  Sard,  sta.,  div.  Alessan- 
dria,   on   the    Borbo.       P.   with   comm. 

6,767. III.  (di  Coni),  div.  prov.  Coni. 

P.  2,674. 

Damietta,  a  town  &  riv.  port  of  Lr. 
Egypt,  on  r.  b.  of  the  great  E.  branch  of 
the   Kile,    at  its   delta,    8  m.  from   its 


242 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[dan 


mouth,  in  the  Mediterranean.  P.  28,000. 
It  is  in  general  meanly  buHt.  Its  har- 
bor is  bad. 

Damm,  a  fortified  town  of  Prussia, 
prov.  Pomerania,  on  the  railw.  to  Star- 
gard,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Slone,  in  L. 
Damm.  P.  2,890.  Manufs.  woollen 
cloths. 

Damma,  a  small  island  of  the  Molucca 
group,  E.  Archip.  It  yields  a  consid. 
quantity  of  sulphur,  &  has  some  good 
anchorages. 

Dammarie,  several  comms.  &  vills.  in 
the  central  deps.  of  France  ;  the  principal 
in  Eure-et-L6ir,  8  m.  S.  Chartres.  P. 
1,131. 

Dammartin,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Seine-et-Marne,  cap.  cant. 
P.  1,827. 

Dammer,  an  isl.  of  Asiatic  archip.,  off 
the  S.  extremity  of  Gilolo. 

Dammersche-see,  a  lake  of  Prussia, 
prov.  Pomerania,  formed  by  the  Oder 
near  its  mouth.  It  is  navigable  in  all  its 
extent. 

Dampier  Archipelago  is  ,Qff  the 
N.W.  coast  of  Australia,  &  comprises  En- 
derby,  Lewis,  Rosemary,  Legendre,  De- 
pueh,  &  many  smaller  isis. — Dampierre 
Sir.  between  the  isl.  Waygiou  &  Papua, 
is  35  m.  broad. 

Dampierre,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 

dep.  Jura. II.  {sur  SoZon), a  mkt.  town 

of  France,  dep.  H.  Saone,  on  the  Salon. 
p.  1,422. —  Dampierre  is  the  name  of 
several  vills.  in  Central  &  W.  France. 

Dampoor,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  Upp.  provs. 

Dan,  r.,  N.  C.  &  Va.,  uniting  with  the 

Stanton  to  form  the  Roanoke. II.  a 

city  of  antiquity  in  Palestine,  at  the  N. 
extremity  of  the  "Promised  Land" 
(Beersheba,  or  Bir-saba,  140  m.  distant, 
forming  its  S.  limit).  The  site  of  Dan 
has  been  fixed  by  Robinson  at  the  Tell- 
el-Kady,  3  m.  W.'N.W.  Banias. 

Dana,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.  Mass.  Ex- 
tensive manufs.  of  palm  leaf  hats.      P. 

691. II.  a  vill.  of  N.  Syria. 

Danbury,  t.,  semi-cap.  of  Fairfield  co. 
Conn.  It  was  burned  by  the  British  in 
the  revolutionary  war.  In  the  skirmish 
here  Gen.  Wooster  was  killed.  Cap.  in 
manufs.   about   $200,000.      1  newsp.,   1 

acad.     P.  5,964. II.  t.,  Grafton  co. 

N.  H.     P.  800. 

Danby,  t.,  Rutland  co.  N.  Y.     It  has 

extensive  dairies.     P.  1,379. II.  p-t., 

Tompkins  co.  N.  Y.  Drained  by  Catta- 
tong  cr.     P.  2,570. 

Dande,  a  riv.  of  S.W.  Africa,  enters 
the   Atlantic,  60  m.  N.  the  mouth  of  the 


Coanza,  after  a  N.  cour.se  estimated  at 
200  m.  (?) — Dande  is  a  vill.  near  its 
mouth. 

Dandridge,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Jefferson  co. 
Tenn.     It  contains  the  co.  buildings. 

Dane,  county,  Wis.,  central  in  the  S. 
part  of  the  state.  Area  1,234  sq.  m. 
The  Four  Lakes  are  near  the  centre  of 
the  CO.  Cap.  Madison.  The  common 
grains  are  produced.  Lead  is  found  here. 
2  newsp.     P.  16,641. 

Dangeau,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Eure-et-Loir.     P.  1,500. 

Dangerous  Archipelago,  a  group 
of  isls.  Pacific  0.,  comprising  the  Palliser, 
Resolution,  Hajpj  k  numerous  other  isls. 
— The  Isles  of  Danger  are  a  small  group 
in  the  Pacific.     Lat.  11°  S.,  Ion.  166°  W. 

Daniels  (San),  a  mkt.  town  of  N. 
Italy,  gov.  Venice.     P.  3,500. 

Danielsville,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Madison 
CO.  Ga.  It  has  the  usual  co.  buildings  & 
an  academy. 

Danilisha,  a  populous  vill.  of  Russia, 
gov.  &  adjacent  to  Perm. 

Dankara,  a  town  of  W.  Africa,  Upp. 
Guinea,  cap.  kingdom  of  same  name,  on 
the  Qnld  Coast. 

Danilov,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Ja- 
roslavl,  cap.  circ,  on  the  Pelenda.  P. 
1,764. 

Danische-Wald,  a  country,  Denm'k, 
Schleswig,  between  the  gulfs  of  Eckernfi- 
ordfr  &  Kiel. 

Dankov,  a  town  of  "Russia,  gov.  Ria- 
zan,  cap,  circ,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Vesovaja  with  the  Don.     P.  2,500. 

DANijrAiKENcoTTA,  a  towD  of  British 
India,  presid.  Madras. 

Dannemarie,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town 
of  France,  dep.  II.  Rhin,  cap.  cant.,  Bel- 
fort,, on  the  canal  of  the  Rhone  &  Rhine. 
P.  1,214. 

Dannenberg,  a  walled  town  of  Han- 
over, cap.  CO.,  on  the  Jeetze.    P.  1,500. 

Dannemora,  a  mining  town  of  Swe- 
den, IsenUpsal.  Its  mines  are  the  largest, 
&  yield  the  best  iron  in  the  country. 

Dansville,  town,   Steuben  co.  ^N.  Y. 

Drained  by   Canister  r.    P.   2,545. ■ 

II.  p-v.,  Livingston  co.  N.  Y.  1  bank, 
manufs.  of  paper.    P.  4,377. 

Danube,  an  important  river,  &  next  to 
Volga,  the  largest  in  Europe,  originates 
in  the  Berge,  a  mntn.  torrent  which  rises 
in  the  E.  declivity  of  the  Sohwarzwald  in 
Baden,  at  an  elevation  of  2,850  ft.  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.  Length  (direct) 
1,000  miles,  or  including  windings,  1,725 
m-  It  drains  the  waters  from  a  surface 
of  nearly  250,000  sq.  m.  BTear  its  mouth 
in  the  Black  sea  it  separates  into  several 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


243 


'branches,  the  S.-most  of  which,  called 
the  branch  of  St.  George,  forms^  by 
the  treaty  of  Adrianople,  the  boundary 
between  the  Ottoman  empire  &  Russia. 
It  communicates  by  canals  with  the  Elbe 
by  'means  of  the  Moldau,  &  with  the 
Rhine  by  the  Altmlihl.  It  is  navigable 
for  vessels  of  100  tons  from  Ulm.  Steam 
pacljets  were  established  on  the  Danube 

in    1830. II.    {Circle    beyond     the), 

one  of  the  great  divisions  of  Hungary, 
comprising   nearly  all  the  kingdom  on 

the   right   or  W.  of  the    river. III. 

{Circle  of),  one  of  the  4  circles  of  Wiir- 

temberg,  cap.  Ulm.     P.  403,315. IV. 

p-t.,  Herkimer  CO.  N.Y.  Drained  by  a 
branch  of  the  Mohawk.  Some  manufs. 
P.  1,960. 

Danvers,  p-t.,  Essex  co.  Mass.  The 
principal  village  is  virtually  a  suburb  of 
Salem.  There  is  another  vill.  on  Beverly 
river  at  which  considerable  ship-building 
is  carried  on.  Both  of  these  villages  can 
be  approached  by  vessels  &  have  impor- 
tant manufs.  of  leather  &  some  trade. 
P.  5,020. 

Danville,  t.,  Cumberland  co.  Me.  on 
the  Androscoggin;    good  farming  town. 

1  acad.  with  100  pupils.    P.  1,294. II. 

t.,  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.   P.  538. III. 

t.,  cap.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  watered  by 
branches  of  Pasumpsic  river,  which  afford 
good  water  power.  The  vill.  is  pleasant- 
ly situated  in  the  centre  of  the  town  on 
elevated  land.  The  usual  co.  buildings. 
I  newsp.  Some  manufs.  of  woollens  & 
leather.  IV.  p-v.,  capital  of  Co- 
lumbia CO.  Penn.  Situated  at  the  en- 
trance  of    Mahoning  cr.      1    acad.      P. 

1,000- V.  p-v.,  Pittsylvania  co.  Va.  on 

Dan  river,  which  here  affords  good  water 
power.  This  place  has  2  banking  houses. 
Several    tobacco    warehouses,    an     iron 

foundry.      1   newsp.      P.    1,200. VI. 

p-T.,  cap.  Boyle  co.  Ky.  It  contains  the 
■Kentucky  asylum  for  the  Deaf  &  Dumb  ; 
also.  Centre  college.  This  college  has  a 
president,  7  professors,  about  70  students 

&  a  library  of  2,000  vols.     P.  1,223. 

VII.  p-v.,  cap.  Hendricks  co.  la.  on 
White  Lick  cr.     It  has^  a  court  house  & 

jail. VIII.  p-v.,  cap.  Vermilion   co. 

111.  on  the  N.  side  of  Vermilion  riv.     It 

has  a  U.  S.  land  office  &  1  newsp.^ IX. 

p-v.,  cap.  Montgomery  co.  Mo.  It  has 
a  court  house.     1  acad.     P.  1,299. 

Danzig,  an  important  fortified  city  & 
seaport  of  W.  Prussia,  cap.  reg.,  on  1.  b. 
of  the  Vistula.  Lat.  54°  21'  4"  N.,  Ion. 
18°  39'  34"  E.  Pop.  including  its  9  sub- 
urbs, 57,933.  It  is  very  old,  its  streets 
are  narrow  &  gloomy.     Principal  public 


edifices,  a  cathedral,  finished  in  1503,  a 
public  library  witli  30,000  vols.,  an  ob- 
servatory, an  arsenal,  &  an  exchange. 
Vessels  drawing  8  or  9  feet  water  can 
reach  the  city.  Principal  manufs.  fire- 
arms, tobacco,  silks,  vitriol,  &  jewellery  ; 
&  it  has  numerous  distilleries,  breweries, 
flour  mills,  dye-works,  &  sugar  refineries. 
Danzig  was  occupied  by  the  Teutonic 
knights  from  1310  till  1454,  when  it  be- 
came independent  under  the  protection 
of  Poland,  &  was  for  a  long  period  a 
principal  member  of  the  Hanseatic  league. 
It  was  assigned  to  Prussia  at  the  second 
partition  of  Poland. — The  gulf  of  Dan- 
zig, E.&  W.  Prussia,  is  an  inlet  of  the 
Baltic,  65  m.  in  breadth  at  its  en 
trance. 

Daoudcaundt,  a  town  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  on  the  Brahmapootra. 

Daoudnagur,  a  town  of  Brit.  India, 
Bahar  dist.,  on  the  Sone. 

Daoukia,  a  country  of  Asia,  in  Russia 
&  China,  comprising  in  the  first  the  gov. 
Irkutsk,  &  in  the  second,  a  part  of  Mant- 
churia.  The  JDaourian  mountains  are 
a  part  of  the  Stanovoi  chain ;  they  are 
rich  in  silver,  zinc,  copper,  iron,  &  mer- 
cury. 

Dara,  a  ruined  town  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, pash.  Bagdad,  with  extensive  re- 
mains of  granaries,  tombs,  &  reservoirs. 

Daeabgheed,  a  town  of  Persia,  prov. 
Ears.  It  is  large,  populous,  &  surrounded 
by  orange  groves. 

Darajee,  a  town  of  Scinde,  in  the  del- 
ta of  the  Indus.     P.  2,000. 
■    Dae-al-Beida  (the  "  white   house"), 
a  small  fortfd.  maritime  town  of  Morocco, 
kingdom  Fez,  on  the  Atlantic. 

Daranagtje,  a  town-  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  on  the  Ganges. 

Daraporam,  a  populous  town  of  Brit. 
India,  presid  Madras. 

Daeby,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.  Va.  The 
vill.  is  situated  on  Darby  cr.  Manufs.  of 
cottons.  P.  1,267. II.  town,  Picka- 
way CO.  Ohio,  adapted  to  grazing.  Darby 
creek  affords  it  water  power.  P.  1,050. 
-Ill;  t.,  Madison  co.  Ohio.      P.  466. 

Darby  Ceeek,  a  riv.  of  Ohio,  a  branch 
of  the  Scioto,  60  m.  long. 

Dardanelles,  a  narrow  strait  betw. 
Europe  &  Asiatic  Turkey,  connecting  tha 
sea  of  Marmora,  &  the  ..ffigean  sea. 
Length  N.E.  to  S.W.  50  m. ;  breadth  1 
to  4  m.  As  the  key  of  Constantinople  & 
the  Bosphorus  it  is  strongly  fortfd.  The 
invading  armies  of  Xerxes  &  the  Turk^ 

crossed  it  to  enter  Europe. II.  p-v-i 

Yell  CO.  Ark.,  72  m.  from  Little  Rock,  on 
Ark.  riv.     P.  227. 


244 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[dA3 


Dahdenne,  a  town  of  Missouri,  160 
in.  N.E.  Jefferson.    P.  1,605. 

Dahdesheim,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, circle  Halberstadt.     P.  1,655. 

Darent,  a  river  of  England,  co.  Kent. 

Darfur,  a  country  of  Central  Africa, 
E.  Nigritia,  consisting  of  an  oasis,  near 
lat.  14°  N.  P.  200,000.  {!)  Arabs  & 
Negroes.  Copper  &  iron  are  among  its 
chief  products.  Chief  towns  Kobbe  the 
cap.,  Kubcabia,  &  Zeghawa. 

Dariel,  a  Russian  fortress  of  Circassia, 
in  a  narrow  defile  of  the  Caucasus,  on  the 
Terek. 

Darien,  town,  Fairfield  co.  Conn., 
bounded  S.  by  Long  Island  sound.      It 

has  some   coasting  trade.     P.  1,080. 

II.   p-t.,   Genesee  co.  N.  Y.^  drained  by 

Bllicott's  creek.    P.  2,086. -III.  city  & 

cap.  of  Mcintosh  co.  Ga.,  situated  on  the 
Altamaha  river,  12  m.  above  the  bar,  at 
the  entrance  of  St.  Simon's  sound.  A 
court-house  &  jail ;  a  bank&  acad.;  &  an 
extensive  trade  in  cotton.  The  bar 
has  14  feet  water.  Darien  is  so  located 
as  to  form  the  natural  centre  of  the  trade 
of  the  central  portions  of  the  state.     P. 

550. IV.  p-t.,  Walworth  co.  Wis.— — 

V.  {Gulf  of),  a  portion  of  the  Caribbean 
sea.  New  G-ranada,  in  lat.  9°  N.,  &  Ion. 
7°  W.,  having  W.  the  isthmus  of  Darien 
or  Panama. 

Darke,  co.,  Ohio,  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
the  state.  Area,  714  sq.  m.,  drained  by 
several  creeks.  Level  &  fertile.  In  the 
N.E.  corner  of  this  co.  General  St.  Clair 
was  defeated  by  the  Indians  in  1792. 
Capital,  Greenville.  A  good  farming 
county.     P.  20,274. 

Darkehmen,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia, 
reg.  &  15  m.  S.S.W.  Gumbinnen,  cap. 
eirc,  on  the  Angerapp.  P.  2,260.  Manufs. 
linens  &  woollens. 

Darkhan  (Mount),  a  lofty  granite 
mntn.  range,  Mongolia. 

Darling,  a  principal  riv.  of  Central 
Australia. — Darling  Doicns,  are  a  grassy 
hill-chain  N.E.  of  its  source,  &  with  an 
average  elevation  of  2,000  feet  above  the 
sea. — Darling  range,  is  a  granite  series 
of  mountains. 

Darlington,  a  market  town  of  Eng- 
land, Durham,  on  the  Great  N.  of  Engl, 
railway.  P.  11,033.  Streets  which  di- 
verge from  a  spacious  market-place,  well 
built  &  lighted.  It  has  a  bridge  of  three 
arches  across  theSkerne,  an  affluent  of 

the  Tees. II.  dist.  S.  C,  in  the  E.  part 

of  the  state.  Area,  1,050  sq.  m.  Soil  on 
«he  margins  of  the  streams  very  fertile. 
Back  from  this  light.  It  lies  between 
Great    Pedee   river    &   Lyneh's    creek. 


Cap.  Darlington.  Chief  products  rice  & 
cotton.     Manufs.  of  cotton  &  leather.     7 

acads.     P.  16,830. III.  c.  h.  p-v:,  cap. 

of  the  above  dist.,  situated  near  Black 
creek.  It  has  a  court-house  &  jail.  P.  500. 
Darmstadt,  a  town  of  W.  Germany, 
cap.  grand-duchy  Hessen-Darmstadt,  & 
of  the  prov.  Starkenburg,  at  the  N.W. 
extremity  of  the  Odenwald.  P.  27,000. 
It  consists  of  an  old  &  new  town.  It  has 
an  armory,  &  a  library  of  200,000  vols. 
Darnac,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Vienne.     P.  2,214. 

Darnetal,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine  Inf..  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Au- 
bette.  P.  5,850.  It  has  manufs.  of 
woollen  cloths,  blankets,  flannels,  &c. 

Darney,  a  comm.  k  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Vosges.     P.  1,880. 

Darnley  Island,  Torres  strait,  Aus- 
tralasia, is  about  100  m.  N.E.  Cape  York. 
Darotta,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the  Jilo- 
ca,  prov.  Zaragoza.     P.  2,510. 

Dart,  a  riv.  of  Engl.,  co.  Devon,  ri^es 
in  Dartmoor,  &  after  a  course  of  35  m. 
joins  the  English  channel. 

Dartford,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Kent,  lathe  Sutton,  on  the  navigable 
Darent,  here  crossed  by  an  ancient  bridge. 
Dartmoor,  a  table-land  of  England, 
occupying  a  large  part  of  the  S.  half  of 
the  CO.  Devon. 

JDartmouth,  a  seaport  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Devon,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  estuary 
of  the  Dart,  which  forms  its  harbor.  ^P. 

4,663. II.  t.,  Bristol  co.  Mass.     It  has 

Buzzard's  bay  on  the  S.E.  Employs  a 
number  of  vessels  in  the  whale  fishery. 
Salt  manufactured  &  vessels  built.  Some 
manufs.     P.  3,868. 

Daruvar,  a  town  of  the  Austrian  em- 
pire, Slavonia,  co.  Posega.  It  has  sulphur 
baths  &  marble  quarries. 

Darwar,  a  dist.  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid.  Bombay,  Nizam's  domins.  Area 
9,122  sq.  m.  '  P.  838,757.  Chief  town, 
Darwar. 

Darwen,  two  contiguous  townships  of 
Engl.,  CO.  Lancaster. 

Darwin  (Mount  and  Sound),  Tierra 
del  Fuego,  are  on  the  STW.  side  of  King 
Charles's  South  Land ;  the  mountain 
near  the  coast  is  estimated  to  be  6,800 
feet  in  height. 

Daschitz,  a  market  town  of  Bohemia, 
on  the  Laucna.     P.  1,500. 

Dashkovca,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  r.  b. 
of  the  Dnieper.  P.  1,100.  The  French 
defeated  by  the  Russians,  10th  July  1812. 
Dassau,  a  market  town  of  N.  Ger- 
many, Mecklen.-Sehwerin,  on  the  Ste- 
penitz.     P.  1,045. 


daw] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


246 


DAssel,  a  town  of  Hanover,  princi- 
pality Gottingen.  P.  1,811.  It  has 
manufe.  of  linens  &  paper. 

Bassen  Island,  S.  Africa,  Cape  Colo- 
ny, in  the  Atlantic,  is  40  m.  N.N.W. 
Cape  Town. 

Datnovo,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russian  Po- 
land, gov.  &  70  jn.  N.W.  Vilna.    P.  1,400. 

Datschitz,  a  town  of  Moravia,  on  the 
Thaya,  with  1,600  inhab. 

Dattoli,  a  cluster  of  small  rocky  islets 
around  the  island  Panaria,  Lipari  group, 
Mediterranean. 

Dauba,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  eirc.  Bunz- 
lau.     P.  1,700. 

Daugi,  a  market  town  of  Russian  Po- 
land, gov.  Vilna.     P".  1,200. 

Daule,  a  vill.  of  S.  Amer.,  Ecuador, 
22  m.  N.N.W.  Guayaquil,  on  the  river 
Daule. 

Daumeray,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Maine-et-Loire,  13  m.  N.W.  Baug^. 
P.  1,853. 

Daun,  a  vill.  of  Rhenish  Prussia.  P. 
460.  It  has  a  castle  of  the  counts  of 
Daun,  &  mineral  springs. 

Dauphin  (Fort),  E.  coast  of  Madagas- 
car, lat.  25°  1'  S.,  Ion.  46°  50'  E.,  is  a 
square  fortress  150  feet  above  the  sea, 
belonging  to  the  French. 

Dauphin,  co.,  Penn.,  toward  the  S.E. 
part  of  the  state,  &  bounded  on  the  W.  & 
S.W.  by  the  Susquehanna  r.  Area  608 
sq.  m.  Drained  bjr  several  crs.  Moun- 
tainous but  fertile.  The  Penn.  canal  & 
the  Union  canal  pass  through  it.  Cap. 
Harrisburg.  Wheat,  rye,  Indian  corn, 
&  oats  produced ;  also  silk  cocoons  &  to- 
bacco. Furnaces,  forges,  distilleries, 
breweries,  potteries,  &  manufs.  of  wool- 
lens &  ropes.      12  newsp.,   3  acads.     P. 

35,754. II.  (Island),  off  the  entrance 

of  Mobile  bay,  25  m.  S.  Mobile,  &  14  m. 

in  length  E.  to  W. III.  (River),  Brit. 

N.  Amer.,  connects  lakes   Manitouba  & 
Winnipeg. 

Dauphine,  an  extensive  old  frontier 
prov.  in  S.W.  of  France. 

Dauss,  an  island,  Persian  gulf,  in  a 
bay  of  the  Arabian  coast. 

Davenport,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.  N.  Y. 

Drained  by  Charlotte  r.     P.  2,305. 

II.   p-v.,   cap.   Scott  CO.   Iowa ;    350  m. 
above  St.  Louis  by  water. 

Daventry,  t.,  Engl.,  CO.  Northampton. 

David  (St),  one  of  the  Bermuda  isls. 
Lat.  32°  10'  N.,  Ion.  64°  20'  W. 

Davids    (St.),    a    decayed    episcopal 
city  of  S.  Wales,  co.  Pembroke.     Its  ca- 
thedral. 307  feet  in  length  internally,  has 
a  lofiy  tower,  a  fine  Gothic  chapel,  tho  1 
monuments  of  St.  David,  Bishop  Anselm,  | 


Giraldus  Cambrensis,  Tudor,  Earl  of 
Richmond,  the  father  of  Henry  VII., 
with  the  ruined  college  of  St.  Mary, 
founded  by  John  of  Gaunt. 

Davidson,  county,  N.  C,  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  state.  Bounded  W.  by 
the  Yadkin  r.  Area  790  sq.  m.  Good 
soil.  Cap.  Lexington.  Chief  prod.,  wheat, 
Indian  corn,  tobacco  &  cotton  ;  manufs. 
of  woollens  &  cottons.     220  distilleries  ;  2 

acads.     P.  15,320. II.  county,  Tenn. 

Situated  centrally  a  little  N.  of  the  cen- 
tre of  the  state,  on  Cumberland  r.  Area 
640  sq.m..  Fertile  soil.  Cap.  Nashville. 
Staple  prod.,  Indian  corn,  tobacco  &  cot- 
ton. Numerous  swine  are  reared.  Tan- 
neries &  distilleries,  &  manufs.  of  wool- 
lens, cottons,  &  paper.  6  newsp.,  1  col- 
lege, 39  acads.     P.  38,881. 

Davidson  College,  p-v.,  Mecklenburg 
CO.  N.  C.  A  college  of  same  name  is  lo- 
cated here  ;  it  is  in  its  infancy. 

Davie,  county,  N.  C,  in  the  central 
part  of  the  state,  &  bounded  E.  by  the 
Yadkin  r.  Area  175  sq.  m.  Soil  excel- 
lent. Cap.  Mocksville.  Indian  corn,  to- 
bacco &  cotton.   75  distilleries.    P.  7,866. 

Davies,  county,  la.,  in  the  S.W.  part 
of  the  state,  between  the  E.  &  W.  forks 
of  White  r.  It  contains  solne  fine  prai- 
ries. Area,  420  sq.m.  Cap.  Washington. 
The  common  grains,  with  some  tobacco. 
Many  swine  kept.  2  newsp.,  &  1  acad. 
P.  10,352.—  II.  county,  Mo.,  in  the 
N.W.  part  of  the  state.  Area,  576  sq.  m., 
traversed  by  Grand  riv.  Cap.  Gallatin. 
Indian  corn  &  tobacco.     P.  5,298. 

Davis,  t.,  Lafayette  co.  Mo. II.  t., 

Sabine  co.  Ark.  P.  312. III.  Foun- 
tain CO.  la.     P.  714. IV.  county,  la. 

P.  7,264. 

Davisborough,  p-v.,  Washington  co-. 
Georgia. 

Davis'  Strait,  between  Greenland  & 
British  N.  Amer.,  connects  Baffin  bay 
with  the  Atlantic  ocean  ;  where  narrowest 
it  is  from  150  to  160  m.  across.  It  was 
named  after  its  discoverer  in  the  16th 
century.  Strong  currents  set  from  it  S.- 
ward,  &  it  is  greatly  encumbered  with 
ice  ;  but  is  much  frequented  by  whaling 
ships. —  Davis'  Cove,  an  inlet  near  W. 
extrem,  of  Jamaica,  5  m.  S.W.  Lucea. 

Davlia,  Daiilis,  a  vill.  of  Greece,  gov. 
Boeotia,  at  the  foot  of  Mt.  Parnassus. 

Davoid-Gorodok,  a  mkt.  town,  Russ. 
Poland,  gov.  Minsk.     P.  3,000. 

Davoli,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Calab. 
IJlt.  II.     P.  3,000. 

Davreli,  a  mkt.  town  of -Russ.  Poland, 
gov.  Vilna.     P.  1,100. 

DawlioH,  a  vill.  &  pa.  of  England,  co. 


246 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[dec 


Devon,  on  the  British  chaxinel.  P.  3,132. 
The  vill.  is  frequented  as  a  watering- 
place,  on  account  of  its  fine  climate, 
beach,  &  scenery. 

Dawson,  a  considerable  river  of  E. 
Australia,  lately  discovered  near  lat.  25" 
S.,  Ion.  150°  E. 

Dawulghaut,  a  walled  town  of  India, 
Deccan,  Nizam's  dom.. 

Dax,  a  comm.  Sc  town  of  France,  dep. 
Landes,  cap.  arrond.  in  a  fertile  plain,  on 
1.  b.  of  the  Adour.     P.  5,238. 

Day,  p-t.,  Saratoga  co.  N.  T.  Hilly  & 
mountainous.     P.  914. 

Dayton,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co.  N.  T. 

P.  1,448. II.  p-t.,  cap.  Montgomery  co. 

0.,  watered  by  Gt.  Miami  &  Mad  rivs. 
Manufs.  of  cottons  &  paper.  Gun  barrel 
&  clock  factories.  It  has  the  usual  co. 
buildings,  &  a  banking  house.  2  acads. 
P.  9,977. 

Dead  Sea,  a  lake  of  Palestine,  celeb, 
in  scripture  as  the  site  of  Sodom  & 
Gomorrah,  between  lat.  31°  5'  &  31°  52' 
N.,  &  Ion.  35°  26'  &  35°  43'  E.,  its  N. 
extremity  nearly  20  m.  E.  Jerusalem. 
Mean  length  N.  to  S.  about  35  m. ;  aver- 
age breadth  from  10  to  12  m.;  but  its 
size  varies  greatly  in  different  seasons  & 
years  (Robinson).  It  is  enclosed  in  a 
valley,  bounded  by  bare  limestone  mntns., 
&  according  to  recent  researches,  its  depth 
is  about  350  fathoms,  &  its  surface  1,312 
ft.  below  that  of  the  Mediterranean  sea ; 
it  being  thus  by  far  the  deepest  known 
fissure  on  the  earth's  surface.  The  riv. 
Jordan  enters  it  on  its  N.  side.  Its 
waters  are  thoroughly  impregnated  with 
salt;  &  it  has  not  been  proved  that  any 
animal  exists  in  this  sea.  A  mntn.  of 
rock  salt  on  its  S.W.  side,  called  Hajr 
Usdum,  "  stone  of  Sodom,"  preserves  the 
name  of  that  city,  ruined  with  others,  as 

described  in  Genesis  xix.   24-28. II. 

r..  Me.,  W.  branch  of  Kennebec,  70  m. 
long. 

Deakovab,  a  mkt.  town  of  Hungary, 
Slavonia,  co.  Verdtze.     P.  3,000. 

Deal,  a  marit.  town  of  England,  co. 
Kent,  mem.  of  the  Cinque  port  of  Sand- 
wich.  II.  v.,  Monmouth  county,  N.  J., 

a  small  watering-place. 

Dean  (Forest),  England,  co.  Glo'ster, 
comprised  formerly  the  chief  part  of  the 
CO.  W.  of  the  Severn,  but  as  a  roj'al  forest 
it  is  now  reduced  to  22,000  ac,  about  5 
m.  S.W.  Newnham,  &  of  which  about  J 
is  under  enclosure  for  navy  timber.  P. 
10,692. 

Deaebohn,  county,  la.,  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  the  state,  on  the  Ohio  r.  Surface 
hilly  &  broken,  with  rich  bottom  lands 


on  the  rivs.  Cap.  Lawrenceville.  Wheat 
&  Indian  corn,  with  considerable  sugar. 
Manufs.  woollens,  cotton,  &  leather. 
Tanneries    &    distilleries.     1    newsp.     4 

acads.    P.  29,166. II.  t.,  Wayne  co. 

Mich.  The  Kouge  r.  passes  through  it. 
P.  1,248. 

Dearbohnville,  p-v.,  Wayne  co. 
Mich.     U.  S.  arsenal  here. 

Dease  Inlet,  Arctic  ocean.  Russian 
America. 

Deba,  a  town  of  Tibet,  cap.  a  division, 
near  the  Upp.  Sutleje,  14,918  feet  above 
the  sea.  It  is  built  of  stone,  &  has  a 
large  temple  of  Vishnu,  &  monastic  estab- 
lishment, with  some  trade  in  wool  &  salt. 

II.  a  seaport  town  of  Arabia,  on  the 

Arabian  sea,  dom.  &  100  m^  N.W.  Muscat, 
Debalpoor,  a  town  of  India,  Punjab, 
between  the  Sutleje  &  Ravee  rivs. 

De  Bastrop,  town,  Chicot  co.  Ark.  P. 
270. 

Debenham,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  Suffolk.    P.  1,667. 

Debo  (Lake),  a  lake  of  Central  Africa, 
Nigritia,  150  m.  S.W.  Timbuctoo,  &  trav- 
ersed by  the  Joliba  riv.  On  its  S.W. 
shore  is  a  town  of  same  name. 

Debreczin,  a  royal  free  town  of  B. 
Hungary,  &  next  to  Pesth,  the  largest 
in  the  kingdom,  cap.  co.  Bihar,  in  a  sandy 
plain,  116  m.  E.  Pesth.  P.  63,000,  mostly 
Magyars.  &  nearly  43,800  of  whom  are 
Calvinists.  ' 

Decatue,  county,  Ga.,  in  the  S.W. 
part  of  the  state,  &  bounded  W.  by  Chat- 
tahoochee r.  Soil  indifferent.  Cap. 
Bainbridge.  Tobacco,  ^gar  &  cotton. 
Tanneries.    4  aoad.    Area  1,675  sq.  m. 

P.  8,262. II.  county,  la.,  towards  the 

S.  part  of  the  state.  Area  340  sq.  m., 
adapted  to  grain.     Cap.  Greenburg.     P. 

15,107. III.   p-t.,   Otsego   C0..N.  Y. 

A  hilly  t.        P.   927. IV.  t.,  Mifflin 

CO.  Pa.     P.  767. V.  p-v.,  cap.  of  De 

Kalb  CO.  Ga.,  rail  r.  from  Augusta  termi- 
nates   here. VI.   t.,    Marion  co.   la. 

P.  961. VII.  p-v.,  Morgan  co.  Ala.,  on 

the  Tenn.  r.,  at  the  E.  termination  of  the 

Tuscumbia  &  Decatur  railroad. VIII. 

p-v.,  cap.  of  Adams  co.  la.,  on  the  Wa- 
bash r. IX.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Newton  co., 

Miss,  on  the  head-waters  of  Chiekasawha. 

X.  p-v.,  cap.   Macon  co.  III.,  on  the 

N.  fork  of  Sangamon  r.,  on  the  borders 

of  an  extensive  prairie. XI.  p-v.,  cap. 

of  Meigs  CO.  Tenn.,  2J  m.  E.  of  Tenn.  r. 
Decazeville,    a    comm.    &    vill.   of 
France,    dep.   Aveyron,    with    extensive 
iron  forges.     P.  4,290. 

Deccan,  a  term  formerly  applied  to 
the  whole  of  Hindostan,  S.  of  the  Ner- 


DEE 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


247 


buddah,  but  latterly  limited  to  the  coun- 
try between  that  riv.  &  the  Kistnah,  or 
from  lat.  16°  to  23°  N. 

Deception  Island,  near  3.  Shetland, 
Antarctic  ocean,  is  volcanic,  &  consists 
of  alternate  layers  of  ashes  &  ice,  with  a 
deep  lake,  5  m.  in  circ,  &  hot  springs, 
temp.  140°  Pahr. 

Dechkin,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Orel, 
on  the  Oka.  P.  2,000.  It  has  a  harbor 
&  salt  magazines. 

Dechtchin,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russ.  Po- 
land, gov.  Volhynia.     P.  1,050. 

Decize,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Nievre,  cap.  cant.     P.  2,828. 

Dectan,  a  town,  India,  dom.  &  N.W. 
Indore. 

Deddington,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  O.'iford.     P.  2,025. 

Dedham,  t.,  Hancock  CO.  Me.     P.  455. 

II.  p-t.,  cap.  of  Norfolk  co.  Mass., 

on  Charles  r.,  which  affords  good  water 
power.  The  v.  on  Charles  r.  contains  fine 
county  buildings  &  a  bank.  A  rsiilroad 
from  the  v.  2  m.  long,  connects  with  the 
Boston  &  Providence  road.  Manufs.  of 
woollens  &  cottons.  I  newsp.,  3  acad. 
P.  4,447. 

Dedilova,  a  town  of  Russia,   gov.  & 
20  m.  S.E.  Tula.     P.  i,000. 
Dee,  sev.  rivs.  of  Britain. 
©EEG,    a  town    of    Hindostan,   dom- 
Bhurtpoor. 

Debgoa,  a  large  walled  town  of  Bor- 
nou,  Cent.  Africa,  cap.  a  chfshp.,  60  m. 
S.  Kouka.     P.  30,000.  (I) 

Deep  Creek,  p-v.,  Norfolk  co.  Va.,  at 
the  termination  of  Dismal  Swamp  canal. 
Exports  lumber. 

Deep  River,  p-v.,  Middlesex  co.  Conn., 
on  Conn.  r.     Manufs.  of  combs. 
Deer  Creek,  t.,  Pickaway  co.  0. 
Deerfield,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.  N.H. 
Surface    uneven;    soil    productive.      A 

large  pond  in  the  N.  part.     P.  2,022. 

II.  p-t.,  Franklin  CO.  Mass.,  on  the  Conn. 
Deerfield  r.,  50  m.  long,  runs  through  it. 
On  the  rs.  are  some  excellent  meadows. 
The  V.  is  on  a  plain  separated  from  the 
Conn,  by  a  high  chain  of  hills.  2  rope 
fac.  1  acad.  P.  1,912. III.  t.,  Onei- 
da CO.  N.  Y.,  4  m.  N.  of  Utica.  P.  2,287. 
IV.  t.,  Cumberland  co.  N.  J.  Drain- 
ed by  Cohansey  cr.  &  Muddy  run.  Dis- 
tilleries &  manufs.  of  woollens,  glass, 
paper,    &    earthenware.       3   acad.      P. 

2,621. V.  t.,  Tioga  co.  Pa.     Drained 

by  several    crs.       P.   615. VI.   p-t.. 

Portage  co.  0.,  on  the  Pa.  &  Ohio  canal. 
Watered  by  Mahoning  r.     P.  1,184. — — 

VII.   t,  Warren   co.  0.      P.  1,871. 

Vril.  t.,  Morgan  co.  0.    P.  1,235. 


Deerfield  Street,  p-v.,  Cumberland 
CO.  N.  J. 

Deering,  p-t.,  Hillsboro'  co.  N.  H. 
Watered  by  Contoocook  r.  Manufs.  of 
brick.     P.  1,124. 

Deer  Isle,  p-t.,  Hancock  co.  Me. 
The  t.  consists  of  an  island  on  the  E.  side 
of  Penobscot  bay,  with  two  or  three  small 
adjoining  islands.  These  islands  afford 
good  harbors.     1  acad.     P.  2,841. 

Deerpark,  t..  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  On 
the  E.  it  is  mountainous,  but  on  the  W. 
where  it  is  washed  by  the  Delaware ; 
level.  Watered  by  tributaries  of  the 
Delaware.  Del.  &  Hudson  canal,  &  N.Y. 
&  Erie  railroad  pass  through  it.  3  acad. 
P.  4,032. 

Dees,  a  mkt.  town  of  Transylvania,  at 
the  confl.  of  the  Great  &  Little  Szamos. 
P.  5,300.  It  is  a  depot  for  salt  raised 
in  its  vicinity. 

Deesa,  a  town  of  India,  Gujerat. 
Defiance,  p-v.,  cap  of  Williams  co. 
0.,  at  the  junction  of  Maumee  &  Aug- 
laize rs.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Wabash 
&  Erie  canal;  &  also  by  the  Miami  & 
Wabash  canal.     P.  947. 

Degagnac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Lot.     P.  2,000. 

Dbggendorf,  a  town  of  Lower  Bava- 
ria, cap.  dist.,  on  the  Danube.     P.  3,800. 
Deghitche,  a  town  of  Russ.  Poland, 
gov.  Vilna.     P.  1,100. 

Deglia,  a  town  of  Sicily.     P.  2,600. 
Degnizli,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor,  Ana- 
tolia. 

Dego,  a  town  of  the  Sard,  sta.,  prov. 
Aequi.     P.  2,167. 

Dehak,  a  vill.  of  Persia,  prov.  Irak- 
Ajemi.  ' 

Deh-i-hajee,  a  walled  town  of  Afgha- 
nistan.    P.  2,000. 

Dehra,  a  large  vill.  of  N.W.  Hindos- 
tan, Gurhwal,  in  the  Dhoon  valley. 

Deidesheim,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bava- 
ria.    P.  2,400. 

Deir,  numerous  places  in  the  E. 1. 

Asiatic   Turkey,  on  the  Euphrates. 

II.  (D-el-Ahmar),  Syria,  pash.  Acre,  on 
the  road  to  Damascus,  &  the  chief  town 
of  the  Druses,  whoso  emir  resides  in  its 
citadel. 

Deira,  a  river  &  plain  of  Persia,  prov. 
Khuzistan ;  the  riv.,  an  affl.  of  the  Hol- 
wan  riv. 

Deirut,  a  town  of  Lower  Egypt, 
prov.  Rosetta,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Nile. 

Dbislingen,  a  vill.  of  Wiirtemberg, 
circ.  Black-Forest.     P.  1,500. 

De  Kalb,  county,  Ga.,  situated  cen- 
trally toward  the  N.  part  of  the  state 


hjiminiifirr  - 


248 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[del 


Area,  360  sq.  m.  An  elevated  table-land, 
washed  by  Chattahoochee  river,  on  the 
JN.W.  The  G-a.  railroad  from  Augusta 
is  already  in  operation  to  the  centre  of 
this  CO.     Cap.  Decatur.     Wheat  &  Indn. 

corn.     2   aeads.     P.    14,328 II.   co., 

Ala.,  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  Tennessee 
,1^  *  river.  Area,  1,500  sq.  m.  Capital,  Leba- 
»  non.    Indian  corn,  tobacco  &  cotton.     2 

acads.     P.  8,245. III.  county,  Tenn., 

in  the  centre  of  the  state,  bordering  on 
Cumberland  mountains.  Adapted  to 
grazing.    Capital,  Smithville.    Produces 

tobacco   &  grain.     P.  8,016. IV.  co., 

la.,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the  state.  Area, 
365  sq.  m.  Watered  by  a  branch  of  Mau- 
mee  river  &  several  creeks.  Capital,  Au- 
burn. The  common  agricultural  pro- 
ducts. Some  sugar.  P.  8^251. V.  p-t., 

St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  Soil  indifferent. 
Marble  &  iron  ore  found  here.  The  vil- 
lage is  on  the  E.  side  of  Oswegalchie, 
which  has  falls  here  affording  good  water 
power.  The  river  is  boataMe  to  Ogdens- 
burg.  P.  2,389. VI.  p-v.,  cap.  Kem- 
per CO.  Miss.,  situated  2  m.  S.  of  Sacar- 
nochee-creek. 

Deknal,  a  town  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid.  Bengal. 

Delagoa  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Indian 
ocean,  S.E.  Africa,  53  m.  in  length  N.  to 
S.,  by  20  m.  across. 

Delaware,  one  of  the  middle  states, 
&  next  to  Pihode  Island,  the  smallest  in 
the  Union,  is  bounded  ST.  by  Pennsyl- 
vania ;  E.  by  Delaware  river.  &  bay  ;  S. 

6  W.  by  Maryland.  It  is  between  38° 
29'  &  39°  47'  N.  lat.  P.  in  1840,  78,085. 
In  1850,  91,535.  The  state  is  divided 
into  3  counties,  Kent,  New  Castle  &  Sus- 
sex. These  counties  are  divided  into  24 
hundreds.    Dover,  situated  on  Jones's  cr., 

7  m.  from  its  entrance  into  Delaware 
bay,  is  the  seat  of  government.  The 
northern  part  of  this  state  is  hilly  ;  the 
lower  part  is  very  level.  There  is  an 
elevated  table-land  towards  the  western 
border  of  the  state.  This  contains  a  chain 
of  swamps  from  which  the  principal 
streams  take  their  rise.  The  soil  is  vari- 
ous &  in  some  parts  excellent.  Staple 
productions  wheat,  Indian  corn,  &  oats 
are  produced  in  large  quantities.  The 
Brandy  wine  mills  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Wilmington  are  celebrated.  Commerce 
inconsiderable  ;  manafs.  are  of  more  im- 
portance ;  of  these  woollens,  cottons, 
leather,  gunpowder,  machinery  &  flour 
are  the  principal.  The  whole  amount  of 
capital  employed  in  manufs.  in  the  state 
is  over  $1,500,000.  There  are  3  weekly 
&  3  semi-weekly  newspapers.     The  cli- 


mate is  generally  mild.  The  rivers  are 
small.  Brandywine  creek,  rising  in  Penn- 
sylvania, is  40  m.  long.  To  remedy  the 
want  of  good  natural  harbors  on  Dela- 
ware bay,  which  washes  the  E.  part  of 
the  state,  the  U.  S.  have  undertaken  the 
construction  of  the  Delaware  break- water 
in  front  of  Lewistown,  near  Cape  Henlo- 
pen.  Itconsists  of  2  piers,  an  ice-breaker 
1,500  feet  long,  &  a  break-water  3,600 
long,  which  when  completed  will  cost 
$2,216,950.  Wilmington  is  the  largest 
&  most  commercial  town  in  the  state. 
There  is  one  college  in  the  state  &  20 
academies.  Also,  4  banks  &  branches 
with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $1,071,- 
318.  No  state  debt.  The  present  con- 
stitution, adopted  1831,  is  highly  conser- 
vative. The  legislature  meets  bi-annu- 
ally.  The  Chesapeake  &  Delaware  canal 
is  the  most  important  work  of  internal 
improvement  in  the  state.  It  is  13^  m. 
long,  66  ft.  wide  at  the  surface,  &  10  feet 
deep.  It  cost  $2,200,000.  The  Deep  Cut  in 
this  canal  is  4  m.  in  length,  through  a  hill 
90  feet  high.  Delaware  was  first  settled 
by  Swedes  &  Finns,  under  patronage  of 
Gustavus  Adolphus  in  1630.     They  were 

subdued  by  the  Dutch  in  1655. II.  a 

river,  rises  in  Catskill  mountains,  New 
York,  flows  mostly  S.-ward,  dividing  this 
state  &  New  Jersey  from  JPennsylvama, 
&  finally  expands  into  Delaware  bay, 
between  New  Jersey  on  the  B.  &  Dela- 
ware state  on  the  W.  Total  course  about 
310  m.  Principal  affluents,  the  Popac- 
ton  &  Leigh.  It  is  navigable  from  the 
ocean  for  large  ships  to  Philadelphia,  50 
m.  from  its  mouthy  &  for  sloops  35  m. 
farther  to  Trenton.  It  is  connected 
b}'  several  canals  with  the  Hudson  river 

&  Chesapeake  bay. III.  bay,  is  a  large 

inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  65  m.  in  length 
north  to  south,  by  18  m.  in  breadth 
between  Capes  May  &  Henlopen,  where  2 
stone  piers  enclose  an  artificial  harbor. 

IV.  CO.,  N.  Y.,  towards  the  S.E.  of 

state.  Area,  416  sq.  m.  Surface  rough, 
adapted  to  grazing.  Watered  by  head 
branches  of  Delaware  &  Susquehanna  rs. 
Cap.  Delhi.  Exports,  live  stock  &  lum- 
ber ;  also,  wheat,  rye,  potatoes,  &  sugar, 
are  produced.  Woollen  facs.,  tanneries, 
&  220  saw-mills.     2  weekly  newspapers, 

&  2  acads.     P.  39,834. V.  co.,  Pa.,  in 

the  S.E.  part  of  state.  Area,  220  sq.  m. 
I  Drained  by  several  crs.  Consid.  water 
j  power.  Soil  productive.  It  to  a  great 
j  extent  supplies  the  Philadelphia  market 
I  with  vegetables.  Cap.  Chester.  The  com- 
mon grains  are  produced.  It  yiehls  over 
200  lbs.  of  silk  cocoons.     Extens.  manufs. 


?vt1®^-" 


DEM 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


249 


of  wodllens  &  cottons,  &  paper.   2  newsp. 

2  colleges.     P.  24,679. VI.  co.  Ohio, 

in  the  central  part  of  state.  Area,  610 
sq.  m.  Watered  by  the  Scioto  &  Whet- 
stone rivs.  &  by  several  creeks.  Mill 
seats  abound.  A  good  farming  county. 
Cap.  Delaware.  Exports,  wheat  &  Indian 
corn.  Consid.  tobacco  &  sugar  produced. 
Tanneries     &    distilleries.      1    acad.     P. 

21,817. VII.  CO.,  la.,  in  the   E.  part 

of  state.  Area,  384  sq.  in.  Soil  produc- 
tive. Cap.  Muncietown.  Chief  pr,od. 
wheat  &  Indian  corn,  with  100,000   lbs. 

of  sugar.      Tanneries.      P.   10,843. 

VIII.  CO.,  Iowa,  in  N.  part  of  state.  Area, 
576  sq.  in.  Watered  by  Macoquetais  riv. 
Excellent^  timber  abundant.     Iron  ore  is 

found.      P.  1.759. IX.  t.,  Hunterdon 

CO.  N.  J.,  on  the  E.  side  of  Delaware  riv. 
Tanneries,  distilleries,  &  an  oil  mill.     P. 

2,305. X.  t.,  Mercer  co.  Pa.     Drained 

by  several  creeks.    P.  2, 024. XI.  c.  H. 

p-v.,  cap.  Delaware  co.  Ohio,  on  a  branch 
of  Whetstone  riv.  Here  is  a  white  sul- 
phur   spring ;    also   several   chalybeate 

springs. XII.  t.,   Hancock  co.   Ohio. 

P.  451. XIII.  t.,  Hamilton  co.  la.     P. 

753. XIV.  p-v.,  Ripley  co.  la.      P. 

1,258. XV.  city  &  p-v.,  Newcastle  co. 

Delaware,  on  the  W.  bank  of  Delaware 
river,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Chesapeake 
&  Delaware  canal.     P.  908. 

Delbrijck,  a  market  town  of  Prussian 
Westphalia,  reg.  Minden.  P.  1,110. 
Manufacture  of  tobacco,  &  a  trade  in 
linens. 

Delden.  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Over-Yssel.     P.  1,495. 

Delemont,  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Bern,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Some.  P.  1,422. 
It  has  a  manuf.  of  watches. 

Delft,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  prov. 
S.  Holland,  cap.  cant.  Rotterdam.  P. 
with  suburbs,  17,037.  It  is  well  built  of 
brick,  &  clean,  but  dull.  Principal  edi- 
fices, the  palace  in  which  Prince  William 
I.  of  Orange  was  assassinated,  July  10th, 
1584  ;  a  Gothic  church,  with  the  magnifi- 
cent tomb  of  that  prince,  &  that  of  Gro- 
lius  (H.  van  Grool),  born  at  Delft,  April 
10,  1583;  the  old  church,  with  the  tombs 
of  Adm.  van  Tromj),  P.  Ilein,  &  the  nat- 
uralist Leeuwenhoek. 

Delft  Islai<d,  Palk  s^trait,  Indian 
ocean,  oS"  the  N.  extremity  of  Ceylon,  7 
m.  long,  3j  m.  broad. 

Delftshaven,  2  towns,  Netherlands  ; 
the  former,  S.  Holland,  on  rt.  b.  or  the 
Maas,  with  3,000  inhalDS.;  the  latter,  a 
strongly  fortified  town,  prov.  Groningen, 
with  a  port  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ems.  P. 
3,974. 

11* 


Delgado  (Cape),  a  headland  on  tho 
E.  coast  of  Africa,  Quiloa. 

Delhi,  an  old  Mohammedan  prov.  of 

Hindostan. II.  city,  the  former  cap. 

of  the  Mogul  empire  is  situated  in  a  plain, 
on  the  Jumna,  112  m.  N.W.  Agra.  Lat. 
28°  41'  N.;  Ion.  77°  5'  E.     P.  200,000. 

Ill    p-t.,  cap.  Delaware    co.  N.  Y. 

Drained  by  branches  of  Delaware  river. 
The  village  is  situated  on  a  plain,  on  a, 
branch  of  the  Mohawk  riv.  It  has  fine 
count v  buildings,  &  an  acad.  Manufs. 
of  woollens.  P.  2,909. IV.  t.,  Hamil- 
ton CO.  Ohio.     B.xcellent  land.     P.  1,406. 

Deliceto,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Capitanata,  on  a  hill.     P.  3,000. 

Deliklitash,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
pash.  Siras. 

Delitzsch,  a  town  of  Pru?s.  Saxony, 
cap.  circ,  on  the  Lobber.     P.  4,670. 

Dellamcotta,  a  fortress  of  N.  Hin- 
dostan, Bootan. 

Dello,  a  town  of  Sumatra,  cap.  rajah- 
ship,  on  the  strait  of  Malacca,  at  tha 
mouth  of  a  river,  nearly  opposite  Pe- 
nang. — Mount  Belly  is  a  headland  of 
British  India,  dist.  Malabar,  on  the  W. 
coast. 

Delmae,  town,  Tioga  co.  Pa.  1  newsp. 
P.  946. 

Delmenhohst,  a  town,  N.W.Germany, 
on  the  Delme.     P.  1,777. 

Delos,  two  small  isls.  in  the  Grecian 
archipelago,  Cyclades. 

Delphi,    a    ruined    city  of    Greece. 

[Castri.J II.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Carroll  co. 

la.,  on  the  E.  side  of  Wabash  river.  Near 
this  place  is  a  yielding  water  of  a  reddish 
color. 

Delta,  from  the  Greek  letter  A,  a 
name  applied  to  the  alluvial  tracts,  en- 
closed between  the  bifurcating  branches 
of  a  river,  &  their  common  recipient. 
Deltas  are  aaWedJluvial,  lacustrine,  Me- 
diterranean, 6f-  Oceanic,  according  to  the 
recipient  of  the  streams  which  form  them. 
They  are  simple  deltas  when  the  stream 
is  divided  into  2  branches  only,  &  com- 
pound when  intersected  by  other  br'ches. 
The  principal  deltas  are  those  of  the  Nile, 
Ganges,  &,  Niger.  Deltic  branches  of  a 
river  are  those  which  enclose  a  delta  ;  & 
deltic  islands  are  those  formed  by  the 
ana-deltic  branches  of  a  compound  delta. 

Delvino,  a  large  viil.  of  European 
Turkej',  Albania. — Delviancki  is  a  vill. 
of  300  houses,  23  m.  E.-wani. 

Demand,  t.,  Randolph  co.  Ark.  P.  319. 

Demavend  (Mount),  a  volcanic  mntn. 
of  Persia,  elev.  14,695  ft.  Shape  conical, 
with  a  crater-shaped  summit.  It  yields 
large  quantities  of  pumice-stone,  &  pure 


250 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[den 


sulphur.  Around  its  base  are  many  hot 
springs ;  betw.  it  &  Teheran  is  the  small 
town  Demavend. 

Dembea,  a  lake  of  Abyssinia.  Length 
N.  to  S.,  60  m.,  av.  br.  25  m. 

Demer,  a  river  of  Belgium,  provs. 
Limburg  &  S.  Brabant,  tributary  to  the 
Dyle. 

Demebara,  a  river  of  S.  Amer.,  British 
Guiana,  rises  near  lat.  5°  20'  N.,  &  after 
a  N.  course  of  perhaps  180  m.,  enters  the 
Atlantic  ocean. 

Demetrio  (San),  two  mkt.  towns  of 

Naples. -I.  prov.  Abruzzo  Ult.  II.    P. 

2,100. II.  prov.  Calab.  Citra,   P.  150. 

Demiansk,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Nov- 
gorod. P.  1,200. II.  a  vill.  of  Sibe- 
ria, gov.  &  100  m.  N.N. E.  Tobolsk. 

Demir-Hissae,  or  the  castle  of  iron, 
a  town  of  European  Turkey,  on  the 
Struma.     P.  8,000. 

Demish,  a  commercial  town  of  Asia- 
Minor,  Ana,tolia. 

'  Demmin,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov.  Po- 
merania,  at  the  mouth  of  the  ToUense  & 
the  Tj-ebel.     P.  6,140. 

Demons  (Val),  an  old  division  in  the 
N.E.  of  Sicily. 

Demonte,  a  fortified  town  of  Sardinian 
states.  Piedmont.  P.  including,  comm. 
6,956. 

Demopolis,  p-v.,  Marengo  eo.  Ala.,  on 
Totnbigbee  r.  It  contains  a  U.  S.  land 
oflice. 

Demotica,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, Rumili,  on  the  Maritza.  P.  8,000. 
Denain,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Prance, 
dep.  Nord.  P.  6,648.  In  1712,  VUlars 
gained  a  victory  here  over  Prince  Eu- 
gene. 

Denbigh,  a  pari.  &  municip.  bor.,  mkt. 
town,  &  pa.  of  N.  Wales,  co.  Denbigh,  on 
an  affl.  of  the  Clwyd. 

Denbighshire,  a  marit.  co.  of  N.  Wales,  j 
having  N.  the  Irish  sea.     Area,  633  sq.  I 
m.     P.  88,866.     Surface   mostly  rugged  [ 
&  mntnous.,  but  it  contains  the  fertile 
valley  of  Llangollen.     Principal  rivers, 
the   Clwyd,   Dee,  Conway,  &  Valle-Cru- 
cis.     Farms    mostly  small ;    chief  crops 
rye,  barley,  &  oats.     Sheep  &  goats  are 
numerous. 

Dender,  a  river  of  Belgium,  provs. 
Hainault  &  E.  Flanders,  after  a  N.  course 
of  42.  m.  joins  the    Scheldt   at   Dender- 

mond. II.  a  river  of  Nubia,  tributary 

to  the  Blue  Nile,  which  it  joins  40  m.  N. 
Sennaar,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  250  m. 

Denderah,  a  vill.  of  Upper  Egypt, 
near  the  1.  b.  of  the  Nile,  opposite  Keneh, 
important  for  its  antiquitios. 

Dendeemonde,   a  fortified   town  of 


Belgium,  prov.  E.  Flanders,  at  the  confl. 
of  the  Bonder  &  the  Scheldt. 

Denia,  a  marit.  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
&  45  m.  N.E.  Alicante,  on  the  Mediter- 
ranean.    P.*  2,980. 

Denis  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine.  P.  9,166.  It  is  well  built,  <& 
has  a  theatre,  public  library,  very  vari 
ous  mauufs.,  &  several  annual  fairs  ;  but 
it  is  chieiiy  celebrated  for  its  church, 
which,  from  the  7th  century,  was  the 
principal  burial-place  of  the  kings  of 
France.  This  is  a  noble  Gothic  edifice, 
415^  feet  in  length,  106i  ft.  in  breadth, 
with  two  towers,  &  a  spire  85  feet  in 
height ;  in  the  vaults  are  some  of  ita 
anc.  tombs,  which  escaped  destruction  iir 
the  first  revolution.  Its  ancient  abbey 
is  now  used  as  a  house  of  instruction, 
founded  by  Napoleon,  for  the  daughters 
of  members  of  the  legion  of  honor. — The 
canal  of  St.  Denis  is  a  short  branch  of 
the  canal  d'Ouroq. II.  a  vill.  of  Bel- 
gium, prov.  Hainault,  with  cotton  spin- 
ning works  in  the  ancient  abbey. III 

(St.),  cap.  town  of  the  French  colony  of 
the  isl.  Bourbon,  Indian  ocean,  on  the  N. 
coast  of  the  isl.,  at  the  mouth  of  the  riv. 
St.  Denis.  P.  With  dist.  19,140,  of  whom 
10,096  are  slaves.  It  is  the  residence  of 
the  governor  of  the  isl. IV.  {St.),  nu- 
merous comms.  &  viUs.  of  France. 

Denizli,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor,  Ana- 
tolia, in  a  fertile  valley  surrounded  with 
gardens,  with  1,350  houses,  &  several 
bazaars. 

Denkendorf,  a  mkt.  town  of  Wiir- 
temberg,  on  the  Kersch.     P.  1,459, 

Denmark  (Kingdom  of),  a  slate  of 
N.  Europe,  cap.  Copenhagen.  It  is 
composed  of  three  distinct  parts,  I.  the 
isls.  in  the  Baltic  &  Atlantic,  II.  the  pe- 
ninsula of  Jutland,  &  III.  its  dependen- 
cies, the  duchies  of  Schleswig,  Holstein, 
&  Lauenburg.  Area,  21,651  sq.  m.  P. 
1,378,200.  It  is  bounded  N.  &  W.  by 
the  North  sea,  E.  by  the  Cattegat  &  the 
Baltic,  &  S.  by  the  Elbe.  The  coasts  are 
greatly  indented,  &  the  country  is  per- 
fectly flat ;  in  the  N.,  some  parts  of  it 
are  below  the  level  of  the  sea,  from  the 
invasions  of  which  it  is  defended  by  dykes. 
The  highest  part  of  the  peninsula  is  500 
feet,  &  of  the'isls.  400  feet  above  the  sea. 
Among  the  isls.,  only  Seeland  &  Fiihnen 
have  rivers.  Extensive  marshes  exist 
in  all  the  vallej'S  of  the  peninsula  &  the 
isliinds.  Next  to  the  Elbe,  which  forms 
the  S.  boundary  of  the  kingdom  for  80 
m.,  the^  Eider  is  the  largest  &  most  im- 
portant river.  The  largest  lake  is  the 
Arve  in  Seeland.    Between  the  islajids  & 


oer] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


2&1 


the  peninsula  of  Denmark  &   Sweden, 
there  are  several  passages  called  sounds, 
the  chief  of  which   are   Ore  Sund  (the 
Sound),  &  the  Great  &  Little  Belts.    The 
climate  of  Denmark  is  humid  &  cloudy. 
Soil    almost    entirely  alluvial,   covered 
with  a  vegetable  mould  well  adapted  for 
cultivation.  Agriculture  has  been  great- 
ly improved  of  late  years.     Cattle   are 
extensively  reared  in  N.  Jutland  &  the 
duchies.     Horses  of  an  excellent  breed, 
&  valuable   for  military  purposes,   are 
reared  on  a  great  scale,  &•  exported  to 
the  average  number  of  11,000  per  an- 
num.    Sheep  are  of  a  superior  kind.    As 
Denmark  has   no  mountains,  except   in 
Bornholm,  where  an  inferior  quality  of 
coal  is  found,  its   mineral  products  are 
insignificant.     From  the  absence  of  coal, 
metals,  &    water  power,  there   are    no 
manufs.    of    importance    in    Denmark. 
Roads  in  general  are  bad,  the  best  are  in 
Seeland,  Fiihnen,  &  the  duchies.    A  rail- 
way was   opened  from  Altona   to  Kiel 
(with  branch  to  Gliickstadt),  1844 ;  Neu-' 
miinster  to  Rendsburg,  1845  ;  Hamburg 
to  Berlin,   1846,  &  Copenhagen  to  Roes- 
kilde,  1847.     The  geographical  position 
of  the    country  is    favorable   for  water 
communication,  &  there  are  many  exten- 
sive canals.      Elementary  education   is 
widely  diffused  in  Denmark,  attendance 
at  school  is  obligatory  from  the  age  of  7 
to   14.     The    university  of  Copenhagen, 
founded  1478,  had,  in  1842,  30  professors 
&  1,100  students,  a  museum  of  natural 
history  &  a  library  of  about  100,000  vols.; 
&  the  university  of  Kiel,  founded   1665, 
31  professors,  250  students,  museum,  bo- 
tanic garden,  &  a   library  nearly  as    ex- 
tensive.    The  military  force  of  the  king- 
dom consisted,  in  1842,  of -24,823  men,  k 
the  navy  had  6  ships  of  the  line,   8  frig- 
ates,   4  corvettes,  4  brigs,  3  schooners,  & 
4  steamers.     Public  revenue  (1847)   16,- 
293,630  rix  dollars.     B.xpend.  15,928,932 
rix    dollars.     The  continental    part   of 
Denmark,  formerly  called  the  Cvmbrian 
Ghersonesus,    was     the   country  of  the 
Cimbri  who  ravaged  Europe   100   years 
B.C.    Its  first  kings  were  descendants  of 
Odin,  &  hence  issued  many  of  the  pirates, 
who  under  the   name  of  Normans  long 
ravaged  W.  Europe,  &  under  whom  the 
Danes  made  irruptions  into  England  in 
835  &  1042.     After  conversion  to  Chris- 
tianity, the  Danes  were  long  the  leaders 
in  the  affairs  of  the  north.     The  Danish 
government  is  (with  the  exception  of  the 
duchy  of  Lauenburg)  an  absolute  mon- 
archy, but  since   1834  it  is  restricted  by 
a  national  representation.    The  duchies 


of  Schleswig  &  Holstein  revolted  from 
Denmark,  March,  1848,  unsuccessfully.. 

Denmark,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.  Me.  Pro- 
duces excellent  wheat.    P.  1,143. II. 

p-t.,  Lewis  CO.  N.  Y.,  on  Black  river. 
Manufs.  of  woollens  &  leather.  1  acad. 
P.  2,824. 

Dennev^-itz,  a  vill.  of  Prussia,  prov. 
Brandenburg.  It  has  an  iron  monument 
to  commemorate  the  battle  between  the 
French  &  allies,  6th  Sept.  1813. 

Dennis,  p-t.,  Barnstable  co.  Mass., 
extending  across  Cape  Cod.  Salt  is  made 
here  by  the  evaporation  of  sea-water. 
Consid.  shipping  owned.    Chief  industry, 

fishing.     P.  2,942. II.  p-t..  Cape  May 

CO.  ISf.  J.  Sandy  plains  in  the  northern 
part.     P.  1,350. 

Dennison,  t.,  Luzerne  CO.  Pa.    P.  976. 
Denta  Gyenta,    a   market  town  of 
Hungary.     P.  5,110. 

Dent-du-Midi,  a  mntn.  of  the  Alps, 
on  the  frontiers  of  the  Valais  &  Savoy, 
10,771  feet  in  elev. 

Dentila,  a  state  of  W.  Africa,  Sene- 
gambia,  between  the  rivs.  G-ambia  & 
Faleme. 

Denton,  county,  Texas.     P.  641. 

II.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Caroline  co.  Md.,  on 
Choptank  riv. 

D'Entrecasteaux  (Channel),  Aus- 
tralasia, Tasmania,  separates  Bruny  isl. 
from  the  mainland.  L.  35  m. ;  br.  varies 
from  3  to  9  m. — (Islands),  Pacific  ocean. 
Lat.  10°  S.,  Ion.  151°  E.— (Point),  W. 
Australia. 

Deobund,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Bengal,  upper  provs. 

DeoghuR;  the  name  of  several  towns, 
&c.,  in  India. 

Deola,  a  fortified  town  of  Hindostan. 
Deols,    a  comra.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Indre,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Indre.  P.  2,180. 
Depedelen,  or  Tepeleni,  a  town  of 
European  Turkey,  Albania. 

Depere,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Brown  co.  Wis. 
Dbpeyster,    p-t.,    St.    Lawrence   co. 
N.  Y.,  on  Black  riv.     P.  906. 

Deptford,  a  parliamentary  bor.  & 
naval  port  of  England,  cos.  Kent  & 
Surrey,  on  the  Thames.  P.  23,165.  Is 
irregularly,  &in  most  parts  meanly  built. 

II.  p-t.,  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.    S.  part 

chiefly  a  pine  forest.  Manufs.  of  woollen 
&  cotton  fabrics.     P.  2,570. 

Depuch  Island,  off  the  N.W.  coast  of 
Australia,  8  m.  in  circ.,  composed  of  a 
vast  collection  of  greenstone  rooks  rising 
to  514  feet  above  the  sea. 

Dera,  a  prefix  of  the  following  towns 

of  Afghanistan  : 1.  (Derabund).     P. 

1,000.-: — II.  (D.  Deen  Funak),  on  the 


252 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[des 


E.  bank  of   the   Indus. III.    (Fati 

Khan).  P.  5,000,  who  trade  in  cotton, 
grain,  indigo,  sugar,  &  opium. 

Dera  Ghazee  Khan,  a  considerable 
town  of  Afghanistan,  4  m.  fromi-t.  b.  of 
the  Indus,  &  65  m.  N.W.  Bhaulpoor.  P. 
25,000.  It  stands  at  the  junction  of 
several  great  routes,  &  has  a  bazaar,  re- 
ported to  contain  1,600  shops,  with 
manufs.  of  silks,  cottons,  scarfs,  &  cutlery, 
to  about  20,000Z.  annually,  an  active 
transit  trade,  &  extensive  commerce. 

Dera  Ismael  Khan,  a  town  of  Afghan- 
istan, near  the  W.  bank  of  the  Indus.  P. 
8,000.  It  has  extensive  manufs.  of  white 
cotton  cloth. 

Derayeh  (El),  a  town  of  Arabia,  for- 
merly cap.  of  the  country  of  the  W aba- 
bees,  nearly  in  the  centre  of  Nedjed.  P. 
15,000.  (?) 

Derbe,  an  anc.  city  of  Asia-Minor. 

Dehbend,  a  fortified  marit.  town  of 
Russia,  on  the  Caspian  sea.  P.  12,000 
Mohammedans,  with  a  few  Armenians  & 
Jews.  It  is  situated  at  the  foot  of  a 
mntn.  at  the  entrance  of  a  defile  in  the 
Caucasus,  called  by  the  ancients  the 
"  Albanian  gates,"  &  formerly  shut  in  on 
the  N.  by  an  iron  gate.  The  town  is  en- 
closed by  two  walls  of  singular  masonry, 
8  feet  thick,  &  26  feet  high,  probably 
1,500  years  old ;  &  7  gates  lead  to  the 
different  quarters. 

Derby,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.  Vt.,  bounded 
W.  by  Lake  Memphemagog,  &  N.  by 
Canada  line.     It  has  some  water  power. 

P.    1,681. II.  p-t.,   New-Haven   co. 

Conn.,  watered  by  Housatonio  &  Nanga- 
tuek  rs.  It  has  excellent  water  power. 
Manufs.  of  woollen  &  cotton  fabrics. 
Tanneries   &     distilleries.     Also    many 

metal  fac.     2  acad.     P.  3,824. III.  a 

pari.  &  munic.  bor.  &  manufacturing 
town  of  England,  cap.  co.,  on  the  Der- 
went,  at  the  head  of  its  navigation.  It 
is  a  principal  seat  for  manufs.  of  silk 
twist  &  hosiery ;  &  in  1839,  it  had  17 
silk  mills,  employing  about  3,000  tands. 
P.  32,741. 

Derby  Haven,  a  marit.  vUl.  of  Isle 
of  Man. 

Derbyshire,  an  inland  &  central  co. 
of  England.  P.  260,707.  Surface  in  the 
N.W.  occupied  by  the  S.  termination  of 
the  Penine  chain  of  mntns.,  highest  elev. 
1,700  to  1,809  ft.  Principal  rivers,  the 
Trent,  Derwent,  Dove,  &  Wye. 

Derecske,  a  vill.  of  E.  Hungary,  co. 
Bihar.  P.  5,320.  In  its  vicinity  are  5 
salt  lakes,  &  a  small  pearl  fishery. 

Dereham  (East),  a  mkt.  town  &  pa. 
of  England,  co.  Norfolk.    P.  3,834.    The 


town,  situated  in   a  dist.  noted  for  its 

gardens  &  orchards. 

Derenburg,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Saxony, 
reg.  Magdeburg.    P.  2,400. 

Derendah,  a  town  &  fort  of  Asiatio 
Turkey,  pash.  Sivas. 

Deretschin,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  gov.  Grodno.     P.  1,500. 

Derg  (Lough),  Ireland,  is  the  longest 
&  most  picturesque  of  the  expansions  of 
the  Shannon. II.  a  lake,  Ulster,  Don- 
egal CO.,  about  9  m.  in  circ. 

Derna,  a  seaport  town  of  N.  Africa, 
Tripoli  dom. 

Dernis,  a  vill.  of  Dalmatia,  cap.  dist., 
on  the  Cicola.     P.  1,010. 

Derr,  a  town  of  E.  Africa,  cap.  of 
Nubia,  on  S.E.  bank  of  the  Nile.  It  is 
stated  to  be  increasing  in  trade  &  im- 
portance. 

Derry,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. 
Ada.pted  to  grazing.  Some  manufs.  3 
acad.    P.  1,850.-11.  t.,  Mifflin  co.  Pa. 

Some   manufs.      P.    1,080. III.    t., 

Dauphin  co.  Pa.     P.  1,816. IV.  p-t., 

Columbia  co.  Pa.  Some  manufs.  P. 
1,754. 

Dertingen,  a  mkt.  town  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  circ.  Neckar.     P.  1,800. 

Deruyter,  p-t.,  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  It 
contains  a  fine  village.  Manufactures  of 
leather  &  ropes.  1  newsp.  1  acad.  P. 
1,799. 

Derval,  a  thriving  manfg.  vill.  of 
Scotl.,  CO.  Ayr,  on  Irvine  water.  P.  1,362. 

Derwent,  several  rivs.  of  Engl. 1. 

CO.  Derby.    L.  59  m. II.  co.  York,  E. 

riding.  L.  60  m. III.  co.  Cumberland, 

flowing  into  the  Irish  sea. IV.  one  of 

the  principal  rivs.  of  Tasmania,  Austra- 
lasia. 

Derwent-wateb,  a  celebrated  &  pic- 
turesque lake  of  Engl,,  co.  Cumberland, 
in  Borrovvdale. 

Desaguadeho,  ariv.  of  Bolivia,  dep. 
La  Paz,  rises  from  the  Lake  Titicaca,  & 
after  a  S.-ward  course,  estimated  at  190 
m.,  enters  Lake  Uros,  160  m.  N.W.  Potosi. 
— Desaguadcro  de  Osoimo  is  a  lake  of 
Araucania  (Chile),  35  ~m.  in  length,  by 
an  av.  breadth  of  5  m.  » 

Desaignes,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ard^che,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Doux.  P. 
3,974. 

Desenzano,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  on 
the  L.  di  Garda,  on  which  it  has  a  fishing 
port.     P.  3,600. 

Desertas  (Las),  a  group  of  islets  in 
the  Atlantic  ocean,  S.E.  Madeira;  the 
largest  is  6  m.  long,  «&  J  m.  broad.  It 
supports  many  cattle. 

Desha,  S.E.  county  of  Ark.    Area,  800 


DEV] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


253 


sq.  m.  Level  &  low.  Cap.  Belleville. 
Ind.  corn  &  cotton.  I  newsp.  P.  2,920. 
Desima,  an  artificial  isl.  of  Japan,  im- 
mediately opposite  the  city  Nangasaki, 
vr'ith  which  it  communicates  by  a  stone 
bridge,  strictly  guarded.  The  island  is 
about  600  feet  in  length,  by  250  in 
breadth,  &  to  it  the  Dutch  merchants  in 
Japan  are  in  general  closely  restricted. 

Desio,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  deleg. 
Milan.     P.  2,000_. 

Desirade,  an  isl.  of  the  Little  Antilles, 
4  m.  W.  Guadaloupe,  of  which  it  is  a  de- 
pendency. P.  2,568,  of  whom  2,070  are 
slaves. 

Des  Moines,  r.,  flows  through  the  S. 
part  of  Iowa,  &  enters  the  Miss.  Nav- 
igable 100  m. II.  S.E.  county  of  Iowa. 

Area  410  sq.  m.  Drained  by  Flint  r. 
Cap.  Burlington.  Indian  corn  &  oats. 
Manufs.  of  leather  &  earthenware.  2 
Dewsp.     P.  12,937. 

Desna,  a  riv.  of  Russia,  joins  the  Dnie- 
per  nearly   opposite   Kiev,    after    a  S. 
course  of  nearly  500  m.,  for  the  most  part 
of  which  it  is  navigable. 
Desolation  (Cape),  Grreenland,  is  the 

S.W.  extremity  of  Nunar-Soak  isl. 

II.  a  headland,  Tierra-del-Fuego,  on  one 
of  its  W.  isles. 
De  Soto,  c6unty.  La.     P.  8,019. 
De  Soto,  N.  county  of  Miss.,  on  Miss. 
r.     Area   925   sq.  m.     Cap.   Hernando. 
1  The  common   grains  &  cotton  are  pro- 
duced.    P.  19,042. 

Despoto  Dagh,  a  mountain  chain  of 
European  Turkey,  Rumili. 

Des  Plaines,  r.,  one  of  the  head 
branches  of  the  Illinois  r. 

Dessau,  a  walled  town  of  N.  Grermany, 
cap.  duchy  Anhalt-Dessau,  on  1.  b.  of  the' 
Mulde,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Elbe, 
here  crossed  by  a  fine  bridge.  P.  12,000. 
It  consists  of  an  old  &  a  new  town,  &  sev- 
eral suburbs,  &  is  well  built  &  lighted. 

Desterro,  a  city  of  Brazil,  cap.  of  the 
prov.  of  Santa  Catharina,  nearly  in  mid- 
dle of  W.  coast  of  the  island  Santa  Catha- 
rina, 460  m.  S.W.  Rio- Janeiro.  Pop.  of 
dist.  6,000. 

Desvres,  a  eomm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Pas-de-Calais.     P.  2,816. 

Detmold,  a  town  of  N.W.  Germany, 
on  the  Werra.     P.  4,716. 

Detroit,  city,  &  cap.  of  Wayne  co. 
Mich. ;  is  situated  on  a  river  or  strait  of 
the  same  name,  7  m.  below  the  outlet  of 
Lake  St.  Clair,  &  18  above  the  W.  end 
of  Lake  Erie.  P.  in  1840,  9,102;  in 
1850,  21,057;  in  1852,  26,648.  For 
1,200  feet  back  from  the  r.  its  plan  is  rec- 
tangular.   From  this  point,  8  avenues, 


200  ft.  wide,  radiate,  dividing  it  into  tri- 
angular portions,  all  terminating  at  a 
large  open  area,  called  the  Grand  Cir- 
cus. Campus  Martius  is  the  most  noted 
of  the  public  sqrs.  The  former,  state 
house  &  the  city  hall  are  the  chief  public 
buildings.  There  are  some  fine  churches. 
Detroit  is  admirably  situated  for  trade. 
&  has  already  an  extensive  commerce. 
The  tonnage  of  the  port  was  4,031,936 
in  1850.  The  central  railroad,  which  is 
to  extend  across  the  peninsula,  termi- 
nates here.  Consid.  manufs. ;  7  newsp. 
Detroit  was  founded  by  the  French  in 
1683. II.  r.,  forming  the  boundary  be- 
tween Canada  &  the  United  States,  &  ex- 
tending from  Lake  St.  Clair  28  m.  to 
Lake  Brie.  It  is  navigable  for  vessels 
of  any  burden. 

Dettelbach,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ. 
Lower  Franconia,  on  the  Mayn.  P. 
2,445.— Dettenheim  is  a  vilL,  circ.  Mid- 
dle Franconia. 

Dettingen,  several  market  towns  of 
S.  Germany. 

Dettva,  a  town  in  N.W.  of  Hungary, 
CO.  Sohl.     P.  7,240. 

Dettwiller,    a    comm.    &   town    of 
France,  dep.    Bas-Rhin,   on  1.  b.  of  the 
Zorn.     P.  1,846.     Manufs.  cottons. 
Deucar,  a  t.,  Nepaul. 
Deule,  a  riv.  of  France,  a  branch  of 
the  Lys. 

Deulina,  a  vill.  of  Russia,  gov.  Mos- 
cow, on  the  Voria. 

Deurne,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  N.  Brabant,  near  the  Peel  marsh. 

P.  3,354. II.  a  comm.   of  Belgium, 

prov.  Antwerp.     P.  5,196.  • 

Deuslemont,  a  coarirt.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Nord.     P.  2,125. 

Deutichem,  a  town  of  the  N-etherlands, 
prov.  Gelderland,  on  the  Old  Yssel.  P. 
1,831. 

Deutschendorf,  a  town  of  N.  Hun- 
gary, CO.  Zips.     P.  1,370. 

Deutsch-Krone,  a  town  of  W.  Prus- 
sia, reg.  Marienwerder,  on  the  L.  Rad- 
nor.    P.  3,000. 

Deutz,  a  fortified  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Rhine.  P.  3,088. 
Deux-Ponts,  "  two  bridges,"  a  town 
of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  formerly  cap.  an 
iudep.  duchy,  &  since  1814  of  a  dist.  & 
CO.,  on  the  Erbach,  near  its  confl.  with  the 
Serre,  50  m.  W.  Spires.     P.  6,920. 

Deva,  a  market  town  of  Transylvania, 
CO.  Hunyad,  on  the  Maros.  P.  4,000. 
In  the  vicinity  are  a  copper  mine  &  pa- 
per mills. 

Deva,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Guipus- 
coa,  with  a  small  port  on  the  Deva,  near 


254 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[dia 


its  mouth,  in  the  bay  of  Biscay.  P. 
2,490. 

Devaprayaga,  a  town  of  N.  Hindos- 
tan,  Gurhwal,  reckoned  holy  to  Hindoos 
as  being  the  place  where  the  rivs.  unite 
to  form  the  Ganges. 

Deventeh,  a  fortified  town  of  the 
Netherland.s,  prov.  Overyssel,  on  the 
Yssel.    P.  14,379,  including  372  military. 

Deveron,  a  riv.  of  Scoth  cos.  Aberdeen 
&  Banff. 

DevicottA,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras. 

Devil  Island,  Tierra  del  Fuego,  is  in 
lat.  54°  58'  30"  S.,  long.  69°  4'  50"  W. 
— Cook  gave  the  name  of  Devil's  Basin 
to  a  port  in  Christmas  sound,  T.  del  Fue- 
go, lat.  55°  16'  S.,  long.  70°  W.—DeviVs 
Bridge  crosses  the  Reuss,  in  Switzerland, 
cant.  Uri. 

Deville-les-Houen,  a  comm.  &  vill. 
of  France,  dep.  Seine  Inf.,  on  the  Cailly. 
P.  3,610.     Manufs.  cotton  cloths. 

Devil's  Bit  Mountains,  a  mountain 
range  of  Ireland,  Munster,  co.  Tippe- 
rary. 

Devizes,  a  pari.  &  munic.  bor.  &  town 
of  England,  co.  Wilts,  on  the  Kennet  & 
Avon  canal.     P.  6,156. 

Devoch- Water,  a  lake  of  England, 
CO.  Cumberland.     Area  300  ac. 

Devon,  a  riv.  of  Scotl.,  cos.  Perth  & 
Clackmannan. 

Devon  (North),  a  tract  of  the  Arctic 
region,  in  N.  Amer.,  lat.  75°  N.,  Ion.  80° 
to  92°  W. 

Devonport  (until  1824  called  Ply- 
mouth Dock),  a  marit.  town  &  naval  ar- 
senal of  Engl.,  CO.  Devon,  at  its  S.W.  ex- 
trem.  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  estuary  of 
the  Tamar.  P.  43,532.  The  town  stands 
on  high  ground,  &  is  enclosed  by  ram- 
parts, defended  by  various  batteries.  Its 
estens.  naval  dockj'ard  occupies  96  ac, 
the  buildings  on  which  are  mostly  of 
granite  &  limestone. 

Devonshire,  a  large  marit.  co.  of 
England,  forming  part  of  its  S.W.  penin- 
sula. Area  2,585  sq.  m.  P.  533,460. 
Surface  greatly  bjoken  &  diversified,  but 
except  the  wild  sterile  tracts,  Dartmoor 
&  Exmoor  are  generally  remarkable  for 
fertility.  Most  kinds  of  corn  are  raised, 
&  the  CO.  is  famed  for  its  cider.  Grazing 
&  dairy  farms  numerous.  The  red  Devon 
breed  of  cattle  is  highly  esteemed ;  & 
Dartmoor  feeds  large  numbers  of  small 
ponies.     Estates  &  farms  usually  small. 

Devrighi,  a  town,  Asiatic  Turkey,  on 
the  Egkin. 

Dewangary,  a  populous  vill.,  Bootan, 
2,100  feet  above  the  sea. 


Dewass,  a  town  of  India,  prov.  Malwa. 

De-Witt,   county,  Texas.      P.   1,716. 

II.  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.JST.  Y.   Exports 

water-lime.     1  acad.     P.  3,302. III. 

p-v.,  &  cap.  Clinton  co.  Mich. 

De-Witt  Land,  a  region,  Australia^ 
on  its  N.W.  coast. 

Dewsah,  a  considerable  town,  W, 
Hindostan,  32  m.  E.  Jeypoor. 

Dewsbuey,  a  township  of  England,  co, 
York,  W.  Riding,  on  the  Calder.  P. 
10,600. 

Dexter,  p-t  ,  Penobscot  co.  Me.  Pro- 
duces excellent  wheat.  Manufs.  of  wool- 
lens &  leather.      P.    1,464. II.  p-v., 

Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.,  on  Black  r.  Exten- 
sive water  power.  Gov.  is  improving  the 
harbor. 

Dexterville,  Chautauque  co.  N.  Y., 
on  the  outlet  of  Chautauque  lake.  Ex- 
ports lumber,  lath,  &  shingles. 

Deypaulpoor,  a  town  of  Hindostan, 
dom.  Indore,  having  1,000  houses. 

Deyrah  Doon,  a  town  of  N.  Hindos- 
tan, prov.  Gurhwal,  between  the  Jumna 
&  Ganges. 

Deyuze,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov.  E. 
Flanders,  cap.  cant.  P.  3,630.  It  has 
celebrated  manufs.  of  gin. 

Dhalak.  an  isl.  in  the  Red  sea,  25  m. 
E.  Massowah,  Abyssinia,  23  m.  in  length 
N.  to  S.,  by  15  m.  in  average  breadth. 
Surface  flat. 

Dhamie.  one  of  the  Sikh  states,  N.W. 
Hindostan.'    P.  3,000. 

Dhamonee,  a  fortified  town  of  India, 
dom.  Gwalior. 

Dhar,  a  city  of  Central  Hindostan, 
cap.  a  Rajpoot  state  of  1,466  sq.  m. 

Dholka,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  presid. 
Bombay. 

Dholpoor,  a  town,  Hindostan,  34  m. 
S.E.  Agra. 

Dhoorcatee,  the  smallest  of  the  Sikh 
states,  N.W.  Hindostan.     P.  200. 

Dhooewyb,  a  rajahship  of  India,  Bun- 
delcund,  under  Brit,  protection.  P. 
8,000. 

Diablerets,  a  remarkable  mntn.  of 
Switzerl.,  in  the  Bernese  Alps,  between 
the  cants.  Bern  &  Valais.  Height  above 
the  sea,  10,190  feet. 

DiADiN,  a  town  of  Turkish  Armenia. 

DiAMANT,  a  comm.  &  town  of  the 
French  colony  of  Martinique,  in  the  An- 
tilles, on  the  S.  coast  of  the  isl.  P.  1,534, 
of  whom  1,183  are  slaves. 

DiAMANTiNA,  a  flourishing  modern 
city  of  Brazil,  prov.  Minas-Geraes,  situ- 
ated in  a  valley  surrounded  by  high 
mntns.,  5,700  ft.  above  the  level  of  the 
sea.    It  was  erected  into  a  city  in  1831 


die] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


255 


It  is  built  in  the  form"  of  an  amphi- 
theatre.    P.  14,000. II.  a  town  of  the 

prov.  Mato-Grosso,  at  the  confl.  of  the 
rivs.  Ouro  &  Diamantino.  P.  4,500. 
The  river  Diamantino,  so  called  from 
the  valuable  diamonds  found  in  its  basin, 
was  discovered  in  1728. 

Diamond  (Harbor),  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  is  in  the  riv.  Hooghly. 
Situation  swampy  &  unhealthy. — {Isl- 
and), Burmese  dom.,  is  in  the  estuary  of 
the  Bassain  riv.  It  abounds  with  turtles. 
— {Point),  Sumatra,  bounds  W.  the  strait 
of  Malacca. 

Diana,  t.,  Lewis  co.  N,  Y.     P.  970. 

DiANO,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Prin- 
cip.  Citra,  cap.  cant.,  in  the  Val-di-Diano, 

on  the  Galore.     P.  5,000. II.  D-Ma- 

rino,  Sard,  states,  div.  Nice.  P.  2,538. 
III.  d'Alba,  prov.  Alba.     P.  1,793. 

DiARBEKiR,  a  pash.  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
forming  the  W.  part  of  Turkish  Armenia. 
Its  centre  is  traversed  by  the  Upper 
Tigris.  Chf.  cities,  Diarbekir,  Orfah,  & 
Mardin.— — Diarbekir,  the  cap.,  is  situ- 
ated near  the  Tigris,  in  lat.  37°  55'  30" 
N.,  Ion.  39°  52'  E.  P.  8,000  families. 
It  is  enclosed  by  a  vast  wall  of  dark 
stone,  is  substantially  built,  &  has  a  oita-- 
del,  some  cotton  &  silk  looms,  &  copper 
works. 

Dickinson,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.  N.  Y. 
It  is  40  m.  long.  A  wilderness  toward 
the  S.  P.  1,119. II.  p-t.,  Cumber- 
land CO.  Pa.  Iron  ore  abounds.  P. 
2,701. 

TDicKSON,  CO.,  N.W.  Tenn.  Area  100 
?q.  m.  It  occupies  the  height  of  land 
between  the  Cumberland  &  Tenn.  rs. 
Cap.  Charlotte.  Indian  corn,  tobacco, 
cotton  &  sugar.     P.  8,404. 

DiDAM,  a  vill.  of  Netherlands,  prov. 
Gelderland.     P.  2,100. 

DiDcoT  Junction,  a  station  on  the 
Gt.  Western  railway,  Engl.,  co.  Berks. 

Didier-la-Seauve  (St.),  a  comm.  & 
town  of  France,  dep.  H.  Loire,  cap. 
cant.     P.  1,999.     Manufs.  silk  twist. 

DiDiER  (St.),  numerous comms.  &  vills. 
of  France,  mostly  in  the  E.  &.  central 
deps. 

Die,  a  comm.  &  walled  town  of  France, 
dep.  Drome,  cap.  arrond.,  on  r.  b.  of  the 
Drome.  P.  3,382.  It  has  manufs.  of 
silks,  paper,  &  leather. 

Die  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
cap.  arrond,,  dep.  Vosges,  on  the  Meurthe. 
P.  6,433.  It  has  a  commercial  college, 
cotton  spinning,  iron  forges  &  wire  works. 
In  its  vicinity  are  iron  &  copper  mines, 
&  marble  quarries. 

DiH  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 


dep.  Loire-et-Cher,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Loire. 
P.  1,261.     Manufs.  vinegar. 

DiEBURG,  a  town  of  Central  Germany 
Hessen  Darmstadt.     P.  3,100. 

Diego  (San),  a  harbor  &  marit.  vill 
of  Upper  California,  on  the   Pacific  0 

II.  a  shoal  of  the  G.  of  Mexico,  bei- 

tween  Pensacola  {Florida)  &  the  mouth 
of  the  Mississippi. — Cape  San  Diego  is 
the  E.  extremity  of  Staten-Land,  T.  del 
Fuego. 

Diego  Garcia,  the  S.-most  of  the 
Maldive  isls.,  Indian  ocean,  with  an  ex- 
cellent harbor. — Diego  is  a  bay,  Anegada, 
W.  Indies. — D.  Sauriez  or  British  sound, 
a  fine  harbor,  near  the  N.  extremity  of 
Madagascar;  &  Diego  Ramirez,  an  isl. 
group,  S.  Pacific,  60  m.  S.W.  Cape  Horn. 

DiEKiECH,  a  town  of  Belgium,  on  the 
Sure.     P.  3,000. 

DiELLi,  a  fortified  town  of  the  isl.  of 
Timor,  on  the  N.  coast,  cap.  of  the  Por- 
tuguese gov.  of  Dielli. 

DiEMEL,  a  riv.  of  Central  Germany, 
joins  the  Werra,  24  m.  N.  Cassel,  after  a 
N.E.  course  of  50  m. 

DiENviLLE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aube.     P.  1,264. 

DiEPENBEK,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Bel- 
gium, prov.  Limbourg.     P.  2,508. 

DiEPHOLz,  a  town  of  Hanover,  cap. 
CO.,  on  the  Hunte.     P.  2,523.- 

DiEPPE,  a  comm.  &  seaport  town  of 
Prance,  cap.  arrond.,  dep.  Seine  Inf.,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Arques,  on  the  English 
channel.  P.  16,504.  The  port,  enclosed 
by  2  jetties,  &  bordered  by  quays,  can 
accommodate  from  60  to  80  vessels  under 
600  tons ;  but  it  dries  at  low  water,  &  is 
otherwise  inconvenient.  Dieppe  has  an 
active  general  trade,  ship  building  docks, 
manufs.  of  ivory  wares,  watches,  lace,  &c 

DiERSDOBF,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, on  the  Wiedbach.     P.  1,400. 

Diesbach  (Ober),  a  vill.  of  Switzer- 
land, cant.  Bern.  P.  of  pa.  5,915. — 
Unter  Diesbach  is  a  vill.  same  cant.  P. 
1,330. 

DiEssEN,  a  mkt.  town  of  Upper  Ba- 
varia, on  L.  Ammer.     P.  1,330. 

DiEssENHOFEN,  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Thurgau,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Rhine.  P. 
1,517. 

DiEST,  a  walled  town  of  Belgium,  on 
the  Demer.  P.  7,720.  It  has  manufs. 
of  vptiollens  &  hosiery. 

DiETENHEiM,  a  town  of  "VYiirtemberg, 
on  the  Iller.     P.  1.251. 

DiETiKON,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant, 
Zurich.     P.  1,000. 

DiEU-LE-FiT,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,    dep.    Drome     cap.    cant.       P 


256 


CYCLOPEDIA     OF    GEOGRAPHY, 


[dic 


3,041. — I)ieulouard  is  a  comm.  &  vilL, 
dep.  Meurthe.     P.  1,430. 

DiEUZE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep  Meurthe,  cap.  cant.     P.  3,863. 

DiEz,  a  town  of  Germany,  deleg.  & 
10  m.  N.E.  Nassau,  cap.  dist.  on  the  Aar, 
at  its  mouth  in  the  Lahn.     P.  2,204. 

DiGBY,  a  vilL  of  Nova  Scotia,  on  An- 
napolis harbor. —  Cape  Uighy  is  on  the 
E.  side  of  Kerguelen  Land,  Indian  ocean. 

DiGHTON,  port  of  entry,  Bristol  co. 
Mass.,  on  Taunton  r.  Some  shipping  & 
c:)nsid.  manufs.  Here  is  the  celebrated 
Dighton  rock.  Cotton  &  woollen  fac. 
P.  1,378. 

DiGNANO,  a  town  of  Illyria,  situated 
*  on   an    eminence    about  3   m.  from  the 

-      Adriatic.     P.  3,600. 

DiGNE,  a  walled  town  of  France,  cap. 
dep.  B.  Alpes,  on  a  hillside,  near  1.  b. 
of  the  Bleone.     P.  3,730. 

DiGoiN,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Saone-et-Loire,  cap.  cant.,  on  rt.  b. 
of  the  Loire.     P.  2,503. 

DiHONG,  the  great  western  stream 
forming  the  Brahmaputra  riv.,  Further 
India. 

Dijon,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  cap. 
dep.  Cote-d'Or  at  the  confl.  of  the  Ouche 
&  Suzon.  P.  26,674.  It  ha-s  2  public 
libraries,  a  cabinet  of  natural  history,  a 
university  academy,  8  colleges,  schools 
of  medicine  &  the  fine  arts,  &  a  botanic 
garden.  Manufs.  linen,  cotton,  &  woollen 
fabrics. 

DijONNAis,  an  old  division  of  France, 
in  the  prov.  Burgundy. 

DiLLENBURG,  a  town  of  Germany, 
duchy  Nassau,  on  the  Dille.     P.  2,500.. 

DiLUNGEN,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  eirc. 
Swabia,  cap.  dist.,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Danube. 
P.  3,453. II.  a  viU.  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia.    P.  1,390. 

DiLLN,  a  town,  N.W.  Hungary,  county 
Houth.     P.  2,597. 

DiLMAN,  a  new  &  consid.  town  of  N. 
Persia,  prov.  Azerbijan.      P.  15,000.(7) 

DiMA,  a  large  town  of  Abjrssinia,  state 
Amhara,  dist.  Gojam.  It  is  divided  into 
many  quarters  by  stone  walls ;  houses 
mostly  of  stone,  &  its  church  is  one  of 
the  largest  edifices  in  the  country. 

DiMACKS,  p-t.,  Susquehanna  co.  Pa. 
P.  998. 

DiNAGEPOOR,  a  dist.  of  British  •  India, 
presid.  &  prov.  Bengal.  Area,  5,374  sq. 
m.  P.  2,341,420.  Surface  undulating, 
&  having  no  mountains  or  lakes,  trav- 
ersed by  afluents  of  the  Ganges. II. 

Dinagepoor,  the  cap.  of  the  dist.,  is  105 
m.  N.  Moorshedabad.  Estimated  pop. 
30,000. 


DiNAN,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Cutes-du-Nord,  on  a  height  near  the 
Ranee.     P.  7,705. 

DiNANT,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov.  S. 
Namur,  near  the  Meuse.     P.  6,388. 

DiNAPOOR,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  with  a  quay  on  rt.  b.  of 
the  Ganges. 

DiNARic  Alps,  consist  of  that  portion 
of  the  Alpine  system,  which  connect  the 
Julian  Alps  with  the  branches  of  the 
Balkan  in  Turkey.  They  seldom  rise  to 
more  than  7,000  feet  in  height,  &  are 
chiefly  of  a  calcareous  formation. 

DiNDiGUL,  an  old  subdivision  of  the 
Madras  presid.,  British  India  ;  also  a  t., 
the  cap.  dist.     Elev.  400  ft. 

DiNDiNG  Isles,  a  group  off  the  W. 
coast  of  the  Malay  peninsula. 

DiNGE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Ille-et-Vilaine.     P.  1,830. 

DiNGELSTADT,  a  wall^d  town  of  Prus- 
sian Saxony,  on  the  Unstrut.  P. '3,062. 
Manufactures  of  cotton,  linens  &  woollen 
stuffs. 

Dingle,  a  seaport  of  Ireland,  Munster, 
CO.  Kerry,  on  the  N.  side  of  Dingle  bay. 
P.  3,386. 

DiNGOLFiNG,  a  town  Lr.  Bavaria,  on 
a  rock,  near  rt.  b.  of  the  Isar.  P.  1,897. 
Ecclesiastical  coucnils  were  held  here  in 
772  &  932. 

Dinkelsbuhl,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ. 
Middle  Franc,  cap.  dist.,  on  the  AVeynitz. 
P.  5,019. 

DiNKLAGE,  a  vill.  of  N.  Germany, 
grand  duchy  Oldenburg.     P.  1,384. 

DiNSLAKEN,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia.    P.  1,624. 

DiNTELOORD,  a  viU.  of  the  Netherl'ds, 
prov.  N.  Brabant.     P.  1,000. 

Dinting,  a  tnshp.  of  England,  county 
Derby. 

DiNwiDDiE,  S.E.  county  of  Va.  Area, 
616  sq.  m.,  drained  by  Appomattox  riv. 
Cap.  Dinwiddle  c.  h.,  a  fine  co.  Staple, 
tobacco.  Numerous  commercial  &  com- 
mission houses.     Extensive  manufs.     18 

acads.     P.  25,118. II.  c.  h.,  on  Stone 

creek. 

Diois,  an  old  district  of  France,  in  the 
prov.  Dauphine,  the  cap.  of  which  was 
Die. 

DiOMA,  a  river  of  Eur.  Russia,  gov. 
Orenburg,  after  a  N.N.E.  course  of  150 
m.,  joins  the  Biela  near  Ufa.  Many  cop- 
per mines  on  its  banks. 

DiOMBDE  Island,  a  group  in  Behr- 
ing  strait,  midway  between  Asia  & 
America. 

Dios-Gyoe,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.  Hun- 
gary,  co.  Borsod.    P.  3,264. 


DMI 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


257 


Dios  (NoMBRE  de),  a  town  of  Mexico, 
state  Durango.   P.  7,000. 

DiozEGH,  two  market  towns  of  Hun- 
gary.  1.  CO.  Bihar. II.  co.   Pres- 

burg,  on  tiie  Dudwag.     P.  1,714. 

DiPiGNANO,  a  vill.  of  Naples,  prov. 
Calab.  Cit.     P.  2,400. 

DippoLDiswALDB,  a  town  of  Saxony, 
on  the  AVeisseritz.  P.  2,406.  It  has 
manufs.  of  woollen  &  linen  cloths. 

DiEiLLO,  Achates,  a  river  of  Sicily, 
enters  the  Mediterranean,  after  a  AV.S.W. 
course  of  about  30  m. 

Dirk  -  Hahtog  Island,  oiF  the  W. 
coast  of  Australia.  Coast  steep  ;  length, 
N.  to  S.,  45  m. ;  breadth,  10  m. 

DiRMSTEiN,  a  t.  of  Rhenish  Bavaria, 
circ.  Pfalz.     P.  2,049. 

DiRSCHAU,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  cap. 
circ.-oa  1.  b.  of  the  Vistula.     P.  3,510. 

Dis,  a  walled  town  of  S.  Arabia,  near 
the  coast,  with  1,000  inhabs. 

Disappointment  (Isls.),  a  group  in 
the  Pacific,  in  lat.  14"  5'  S.,  &  discovered 
by  Byron  in  1765. 

DiscHiNGEN,  two  market  towns,  "WUr- 
temberg. 

Disco,  a  large  island  in  Davis'  strait, 
off  the  W.  coast  of  Greenland. 

DisENTis,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Grisons,  in  the  valley  of  the  Upp.  Rhine, 
3,809  ft.  above  the  sea.     P.  1,436. 

Dismal  Swamp,  a  large  morass  com- 
mencing S.  of  Norfolk,  Virginia,  &  extend- 
ing for  30  m.  N.  Carolina.  Area,  about 
235  sq.  in.  It  is  thickly  covered  with 
wood,  has  Lake  Drummond  in  its  centre, 
&  is  traversed  by  the  Dismal  Swamp 
canal,  23  m.  in  length. 

DisoN,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov.  Liege. 
P.  2,900. 

Diss,  a  town  &  pa.  of  England,  co. 
Norfolk,  on  the  Waveney.     P.  3,205. 

Dissais  &  DissAY,  two  comm.  &  vills. 
of  France. 

DissEN,  a  mrkt.  t.  of  Hanover.  P. 
1,550. 

DissNA,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Minsk, 
,  at  the  conii.  of  the  Dissna  with  the  Dune. 
P.  2,219. 

DiTMAHScH,  N.  &  S.,  a  subdivision  of 
the  duchy  of  Holstein,  Denmark,  betw. 
the  Elbe  &  the  Eider. 

DiTTEAH,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  Bun- 
delcund. 

Ditro-Varhegy,  a  vill.  of  Transyl- 
vania, on  the  Maros,  with  mineral  springs. 

Dittfurt,   a   market   town,  Prussian 
Saxony,  on  the  Bode.     P.  2,120. 
•  DiTWYL,  a  vill.  of  SwitzeiL,  on  the  Re- 
uss.^    P.  2,500. 

Diu,  a  maritime  town  of  "VV.  Hindos- 


tan, belonging  to  the  Portuguese.  P. 
4,000.  (7)  Diu-head  cape  is  in  lat.  20° 
43'  N.,  ion.  71°  3'  2"  E. 

DivEN,  several  market  towns,  B.  Eu- 
rope.  1.  Hungary,  co.  Neograd.     P. 

1,056. II.  S.  Russia,  prov.  Daghestan, 

on  the  Rubass,  Derbend. III.  Rus- 
sian Poland,  gov.  Grodno. 

DivONNE.  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Ain.    P.  1,500. 

Dix,  t.,  Chemung  co.  N.  Y.  Soma 
manufs.    P.  2,990. 

DixAN,  a  town  of  Abyssinia,  state 
Tigre. 

'  DixcovE  Fort,  a  settlement  of  W. 
Africa,  on  the  Gold  coast. 

DixFiELD,  p-t.,  Oxford  CO.  Me.,  on  the 
Androscoggin.  A  good  wheat  town.  P. 
1,169. 

DixMONT,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.  Me., 
betw.  Penobscot  &  Kennebec  rs.  P.  1,498. 

DixMONT,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Yonne.     P.  1,540. 

Dixon,  t.,  Preble  co.  0.    A  good  soil, 

well  watered.    P.  1,290. II.  p-v.,  cap. 

of  Ogle  CO.  111.,  on  Rock  riv. 

DixMUDE,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov.  W. 
Flanders,  on  the  r.  b.  of  the  Yser.  P. 
3,566.     It  has  breweries  &  tanneries. 

Dixon's  Entrance,  a  strait,  N.  Amer., 
W.  coast,  between  Queen  Charlotte  island 
&  the  Prince  of  Wales  archip.    L.  100  m. 

DizPUL,  a  city  of  Persia,  prov.  Khu- 
zistan,  in  which  it  is  now  the  principal 
mart,  on  the  Dizful  river  (Coprofes),  here 
crossed  by  a  fine  bridge  of  22  arches.  P. 
15,000.  (?) 

DiziER  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Marne,  on  the  r.  b.  of 
Marne.  P.  6,450.  It.  is  handsome,  & 
was  formerly  fortified ;  it  has  a  coram, 
college.  In  1544,  it  sustained  a  memo- 
able  siege  by  the  Emperor  Charles  V. ; 
&  in  1814,  the  French  troops  here  twice 

defeated  a  part  of  the  allied  army. 

II.  a  comm.  &  vill.  dep.  Creuse. 

Djangutai,  a  mkt.  town  of  S.  Russia, 
prov.  Daghestan.     P.  5,000. 

Djar,  a  marit.  town  of  Arabia,  Hedjaz, 
on  the  Red  sea. 

Djavat,  a  town  of  tbo  Russian  Trans- 
caucasia, prov.  Shirvan,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Kour. 

Djesr-Erkene,  a  town  of  European 
Turkey,  on  the  Maritza.     P.  2,000. 

Djokjokarta,  a  Dutch  residency  of 
Java,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  isl.  near  its 
centre.  P.  330,000.  The  cap.  town  of 
same  name,  is  well  built,  &  contains  the 
old  palace  of  the  sultan  &  the  Dutch  fort. 
P.  90,000. 

Dmitrov,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Mos 


258 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOaKAPHT. 


[dol 


oow,  on  the  Jakhrama,  an  affl.  of  the 
Volga.    P.  3,000. 

Dmitrovsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  goy. 
Orel,  on  the  Nerussa.    P.  3,935. 

Dnieper,  a  riv.  of  Russia,  rises  in  the 
gov.  Smolensk,  flows  generally  S.,  &  en- 
ters the  Blaok  sea  on  the  N.  L.  623  m. 
(including  windings,  1,230  m.) 

Dniester,  a  navigable  riv.  of  Austria 
&  Russia,  rises  in  the  Carpathian  mntns., 
flows  B.S.E.,  &  enters  the  Black  sea  on 
the  N.W.  L.  400  m.  (including  windings 
500  m.) 

Dnieprovsk,  a  town  of  Europ.  Russia, 
cap.  dist.  of  same  name,  on  the  Dnieper. 

DoAB,  a  name  applied  in  Hindostan  to 
tracts  between  two  rivers,  &  especially  to 
that  between  the  Ganges  &  Jumna. 

DoAN,  a  town  of  Arabia,  near  its  S.B. 
coast. 

DoAziT,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Landes.     P.  1,500. 

DoBARVAj  the  most  N.  town  of  Abys- 
sinia. 

DoBLEN,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  an  isl. 
formed  by  the  Mulde.  P.  5,952.  It  has 
manufs.  of  woollen  cloth,  linen,  &  cotton. 

DoBERAN,  a  mkt.  town  &  sea-bathing 
establishment  of  Germany,  Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin.     P.  3,223. 

DoBLEN,  a  large  mkt.  town  of  Russia, 
gov.  Courland. 

DoBLiNG,  a  suburban  vill.  of  Vienna. 

DoBOi,  a  town  of  Europ.  Turkey,  Bos- 
nia, on  1.  b.  of  the  Bosna. 

DoiBOKA,  a  vill.  of  Transylvania,  co. 
Doboka.  The  co.  of  Doboka  is  partly 
mntnous.  &  infertile.     P.  66,900. 

DoERA,  a  town  of  Poland,  prov.  Kalisz. 

P.  1,000. II.  a  vill.  of  Transylvania, 

CO.  Hunyad,  on  the  Maros. 

DoBRiLucK,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov. 
Brandenburg,  on  the  Dober.  P.  1,200. 
Manufs.  of  woollens. 

DoBROMiL,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia. 
P.  1,600. 

DoBROTA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Dalmatia,  on 
the  Adriatic.     P.  1,700. 

DoBRUscHKA.  a  town  of  Bohemia.  P. 
1,900. 

DoBRZAN,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  r.  b. 
of  the  Radbuza.     P.  2,000. 

DoBRZYN,  a  town  of  Poland,  on  the 
Drewenz..    P.  2,200. 

DoBSCHAu,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.  Hungary, 
CO.  Gomor,  on  the  Dobsina.  P.  5,410.  It 
has  extensive  iron,  copper,  &  cobalt  mines. 

DocE,  a  riv.  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the 
prov.  Minas  Geraes,  flows  JST.E.  between 
the  provs.  Porto  Seguro  &  Espiritu  Santo. 
&  enters  the  Atlantic.     L.  320  m. 

DocHART,  a  lake  of  Scotl.,  co.  Perth. 


DoDA,  a  town  of  N.  Punjab,  on  the 
Chenab,  here  crossed  by  a  cable-bridge. 

DoDAiREE,  a  towil  of  India,  Deccan, 
Mysore  dom. 

DoDBROKE,  a  small  market  town  of 
England,  co.  Devon.     P.  1,229. 

Dodge,  county.  Wis.  Area,  750  sq.  m. 
Drained  by  Rock  &  Beaverdam  rivs.  P. 
19,133. 

DoDwoRTH,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
York,  W.  riding.     P.  1,474. 

Doediberg,  a  principal  summit  of  the 
Swiss  Alps,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the 
canton.     Height  11,887  feet. 

DoESBURG,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Gelderland,  on  the  Yssel.  P.  3,347. 

DoEssAH,  a  large  vill.  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

Doi  REFELD,  the  central  portion  of  the 
mntn.  chain  of  Scandinavia.    [Norw^ay.] 

Dogqee-Bank,  a  sand  bank  occupying 
all  the  centre  of  the  North  sea,  inter- 
mediate between  the  shores  of  England 
&  Denmark.  It  is  the  seat  of  important 
fisheries. 

Dog  Island,  Pacific  ocean,  in  Timor 
group. 

Dogliani,  a  town  of  the  Sardinian  sta. 
P.  4,644, 

DoGNAcsKA,  a  market  town  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  Krassova.  P.  2,335.  It  has 
mines  of  copper,  lead,  &  zinc. 

Dogs  (Isle  of),  a  peninsula  of  the 
Thames,  England,  co.  Middlesex. 

Dohud,  a  considerable  town  of  India, 
Gwalior  dom. 

DoKKUM,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Friesland,  on  the  ship-canal  Dok- 
kumdiep.     P.  3,797. 

Dolce  Acqua,  a  market  town  of  the 
Sard,  sta.,  on  the  Nervia. 

Dole,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Jura,  at  the  foot  of  a  vine  clad  hill,  on 
r.  b.  of  the  Doubs.     P.  9,322. 

Dole  (La),  a  mountain  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Vaud,  in  the  chain  of  the  Jura,  on 
the  French  frontier,  5,509  ft.  in  elevation 

Dolgelly,  a  market  town  of  N.Wales, 
cap.  CO.  Merioneth,  on  the  Mynach. 

DoLGOi,   an  isl.,   Caspian  sea,  off  the 

coast  of  Khiva. II.  an  isl.,  European 

Russia,  in  the  Arctic  ocean. 

Dolina,  a  town  of  Austria,  Galicia.  P. 
3,120. 

Dollar- Law,  a  mntn.  of  Scotland,  co. 
Peebles.     Elev.  2,840  feet. 

Dollart,  a  gulf  of  the  German  0.,  at 
the  estuary  of  the  Ems,  10  m.  in  length 
N.  to  S.,  by  about  7  m.  across,  &  which 
owes  its  origin  to  a  destructive  inundation  " 
in  1276. 

DoLMATOv,  a  town  of  Asiat.  Russia, 


don] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


259 


gov.  Perm,  on  lower  bank  of  the  Iset. 
P.  1,600. 

DoLO,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  on  the  Brenta 
&  Brentano.    P.  3,600. 

Dolores,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the 
Segura.  P.  2,433. II.  a  town,  Mexi- 
can confed..,  dep.  &  45  m.  N.E.  Gua- 
naxuato. 

DoMAizE,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Puy- 
de-DOme.     P.  1,671. 

DoM ALAIN,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Ille-et-Vilaine.  P.  2,830. 

DoMART,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep!  Somme,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,314. 

DoMBAi,  a  lar^e  vill.  of  Asia-Minor. 

DoMBEs,  an  old  division  of  France,  in 
the  prov.  Bourgogne. 

DoMBROViTZY,  a  town  of  Russ.  Poland, 
gov.  Volhynia.     P.  2,645. 

DoMBURG,  a  small  town,  Netherlands, 
prov.  Zeeland,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  isl. 
Walcheren. 

DoMENE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Is^re,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,590. 

DoMENicA  (Sta.),  a  town  of  N'aples, 
prov.  Calab.  Cit.     P.  2,586. 

DoMBRAT,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Allier.     P.  3,022. 

DoMFEONT,  a  comm.&  town  of  France, 
dep.  Orne,  cap.  arrond.,  on  a  steep  rock 

near  the  Varenne.     P.  2.086. II.  a 

vill.,  dep.  Sarthe,  10  m.  N.W.  Le  Mans. 
P.  1,440. 

Domingo  (San),  a  fortifd.  seaport  city 
of  Hayti.  W.  Indies,  on  the  SB.  coast,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Ozama,  which  forms  its 
harbor.  P.  15,000.  It  was  the  first  per- 
manent settlement  made  by  Europeans 
in  America ;  it  is  regularly  laid  out  in 
the  old  Spanish  style.  Its  harbor  is 
secure,  but  unfit  for  large  ships.    [Hayti.] 

II.  an  islet  of  the  W.  Indies,'  on  the 

Great  Bahama  bank. III.    a  small 

town,  New  Mexico,   on    the  Rio  Grande 

del  Norte,  28  m.  S.W.  Santa  Fe. IV. 

a  mission,    Lower  California,  near   the 

Pacific  ocean. V.  a  town,  S.  America, 

New. Granada. -VI.  (Suriano),  a"vill. 

Uruguay,  on  the  Rio  Negro,  80  m.  N. 
Buenos  Ayres. 

Dominica,  a  Brit.  W.  India  island, 
Leeward  group.  L.  N.  to  S.  29  m.,  br. 
16  m.  P.  18,291,  of  whom  700  were 
whites.  It  is  of  volcanic  origin,  &  the 
most  elevated  of  the  lesser  Antilles,  the 
extreme  height  5,314  ft.,  being  in  part 
mountainous  &  rugged,  though  inter- 
spersed with  fertile  valleys,  well  watered. 
Hot  &  sulphureous  springs  abound.  Soil 
fertile,  &  well  suited  for  ooflFee  &  sugar. 

Domino,  the  largest  of  the  Tremeti 
isls.,  Adriatic  sea. 


DoMiTZ,  a  town  N.  Germany,  Meeklen- 
burg-Schwerin,  at  the  confl.  of  the  Elde 
with  the  Elbe.     P.  2,545. 

DoMMB,  a  comm.  &  villi  of  France, 
dep.  &  on  the  Dordogne.     P.  1,444. 

DoMMEL,  a  riv.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  N.  Brabant,  after  a  tortuous  N. 
coui'se  of  45  m.  joins  the  Maas. 

DoMMiTscH,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony.    P.  2,050. 

DoMNAu,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia.  P. 
1,281. 

DoMO  d'Ossola,  a  town  of  N.  Italy, 
Piedmoijt,  on  the  Simplon  route,  near  the 
Swiss  frontier.     Pop.  with  comm.  2,025. 

DompAire,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Vosgcs,  cap.  cant.  P.  1,600.  It 
has  manufs.  of  lace. 

Dompierre,  several  comms.  &  vills. 
of  France. 

Domremy-la-Pucelle,  a  comm.  & 
vill.  of  France,  dep.  Vosges,  on  1.  b.  of 
the  Meuse,  the  native  place  of  Joan  of 
Arc,  whose  house  is  preserved  as  a  na- 
tional relic.  Opposite  to  it  is  a  hand- 
some monument,  with  a  colossal  bust  of 
the  heroine. 

DoMRiANSK,  a  market  town  of  Euro- 
pean Russia,  gov.  Perm.     P.  1,600. 

DoMus,  a  maritime  town  of  Brit.  In- 
dia, presid.  Bombay,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Taptee,  in  the  gulf  of  Cambay. 

Don,  a  river  of  Europ.  Russia,  rises  in 
the  -gov.  Tula,  flows  generally  S.,  &  en- 
ters the  sea  of  Azov  by  many  mouths  on 
the  N.E.  L.  direct,  468  m.,  including 
windings,  995  m.  The  navigation  of  the 
Don  is  difficult  in  summer  when  the  wa- 
ter is  low,  but  in  winter  it  is  traversed  by 
large  vessels. 

Don,    two    rivers    of    Britain. 1. 

Engl.,  CO.  York.     L.  55  m. II.  Scotl., 

CO.  Aberdeen.     L.  62  m. 

Don,  a  river  of  France,  joins  the  Yi- 
laine  6  m.  E.N.E.  Redon,  after  a  W. 
course  of  about  40  m. 

Dona  (San),  a  town,  N.  Italy,  cap. 
dist.,  on  left  bank  of  the  Piave.    P.  4,600. 

Donaghadee,  a  seaport  &  market  town 
of  Ireland,  Ulstei',  co.  Down,  on  the  Irish 
channel.  P.  3,151.  It  is  well  built,  & 
has  a  good  harbor,  with  a  light-house. 

Donaldsonville,  p-v..  Ascension  pa. 
La.,  formerly  cap.  of  the  state.  It  has 
an  arsenal,  a  college,  1  male  &  2  female 
acad. 

DoNATO  (San),  several  mkt.  towns  of 
Italy. 

Don  Benito,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Badajoz,  near  1.  b.  of  the  Guadiana.  P. 
15,124.     It  has  manufs.  of  woollens. 

Donat-le-Roman    (St.),  a  oomm.  & 


260 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[dob 


town  of  France,  cap.  cant.,  dep.  Drome. 
P.  2,084.  It-  has  inanufs.  of  crapes  & 
silk. 

DoNAUEscHiNGEN,  B.  town  of  S.  Ger- 
many, grand  duchy  Baden.     P.  3,050. 

DoNAusTAUF,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ. 
Upper  Paliitiiiate,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Dan- 
ube.    P.  1,164. 

DoNAuwoRTH,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ. 
Swabia,  cap.  dist.     P.  2,700. 

DoNCASTER,  a  municipal  bor.,  markat 
town  &  pa.  of  Engl.,  co.  York,  W.  Piiding, 
on  the  navigable  riv.  Don. 

DoNCHERY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ardennes,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Meuse. 
P.  2,032. 

DoNDRA  Head,  the  S.-most  extremity 
of  the  isl.  Ceylon. 

Donegal,  a  maritime  co.  of  Ireland, 
Ulster.  Area  1,852  sq.  m.  Surface 
mntnous. ;  principal  rivs.  the  Swilly  & 
Leenan.  Shores  greatly  indented.  P. 
254,288.  Potatoes,  oats  &  flax  the  chief 
crops.  Properties  large ;  farms  small. 
Annual  value  of  property  225,049/. 
Fisheries  employ  13,700  hands,  &  3,000 
vessels.  Principal  manuf.  is  of  linens. 
— Donegal  bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic, 
extends  inwards  about  25  m. ;  breadth  at 

entr.  20  m. II.  a  seaport,  mkt.  town, 

in  same  co.,  at  the  mouth  of'  the  Bsk  in 

Donegal    bay.       P.    1,366. III.    t., 

Washington  co.,  Pa.  traversed  by  the 
national  road.     Coal  abounds.  -1  acad. 

P.  1,747. IV.  t.,  Butler  co.  Pa.    Iron 

ore   &  stone   coal  are  found.      P.  1,615. 

V.  p-v.,   Westmoreland  co.  Pa.     It 

has  some  water  power. 

DoNERAiLE,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  co.  Cork,  on  the  Awbeg.  P. 
2,722. 

DoNETZ,  a  river  of  S.  Russia,  &  the 
prineip.  affl.  of  the  Don,  rises  in  the  gov. 
Koursk,  flows  mostly  S.E.,  and  joins  the 
Don  after  a  course  of  400  m.  It  is  wide 
&  deep,  &  its  banks  are  highly  fertile. 

DoNGEs,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Loire  Inf  P  2,700. 
-  DoNG-NAi,  a  town  <^  river  of  Anam ; 
the  riv.  enters  the  China  sea,  by  many 
mouths.  It  is  navigable  for  large  ships 
to  the  city  Saigon. 

DoNGOLA,  a  prov.  of  Nubia,  in  its  cen- 
tral part,  and  comprising  the  towns  New 
&  Old  Dongola. 

DoNGOLA  (New),  a  town  of  Nubia, 
cap.  prov.  Dongola,  on  the  W.  bank  of 
the  Nile. —  Old  Dongola  is  a  ruined  town 
on  rt.  b.  of  the  Nile,  75  m.  S.S.E.  New 
Dongola. 

Donjon  (Le),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Allier,  cap.  cant.,   on  the 

*'4  . 


Odde.      P.    1,800.      It   has   manufs.  of 
cloths. 

DoNKOv,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Riazan, 
on  the  Don.     P.  2,500. 

DoNNYBROOK  (St.  Mary's),  a  pa.  of 
Ireland,  Leinster,  co.  Dublin.     P.  9,825. 

Donobew,  a  town  of  the  Burmese 
dom.,  prov.  Pegu,  on  the  Irrawadi. 

DoNTREix,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Creuse.     Pop.  2,250. 

DoNZDOEF,  a  town,  Wiirtemberg,  circ. 
Danube,  on  the  Lauter.     P.  1,659. 

DoNZENAc,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Correze,  cap.  cant.  P. 
1,800. 

Donzere,  a  comm.  &  town,  France, 
dep.  Drume,  on  the  Rhone.     P.  1,707. 

DoNZY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Nievre,  cap.  cant.,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Nonain.     P.  2,196. 

DooDPCTLEE,  a  town  of  Further  India, 
Caohar,  40  m.  E.  Sylhet,  &  where,  in 
1824,  a  British  detachment  was  repulsed 
by  the  Burmese. 

DooisH,  a  mntn.  of  Irel.,  Ulster,  co. 
Donegal,  height  2,143  feet. 

DooLEA,  a  consid.  town  of  British  In- 
dia, presid.  Bombay. 

DooLEY,  county,  Ga^  towards  the  S. 
part  of  the  state.  Area  1,600  sq.  m.  It 
lies  between  Ockmulgee  &  Flint  rs.,  cap. 
Vienna.  Staple,  cotton.  1  acad.  P. 
8,361. 

DooLUEiA,  a  town,  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Bengal. 

DooN,  a  riv.  of  Scotland,  co.  Ayr. — 
— Loch  Doon,  22  m.  S.S.E.  Ayr,  is  about 
5  m.  in  length  &  |  m.  in  breadth,  is  en- 
closed by  mntns.,  &  has  an  islet  on  which 
are  the  ruins  of  a  castle. 

DooNGURPOOR,  a  town  of  W.  Hindos- 
tan. 

DooRN  (Great  &  Little),  two  rivers 
of  S.  Africa,  Cape  Colony,  tributary  to 
Elephant  river. — Doom  is  the  name  of 
communes  in  the  Cape  Colony  &  the 
Netherlands. 

DooRNsPYK,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Gelderland,  on  the  Zuyder-Zee. 
P.  2,815. 

DoosHAK,  a  town  of  W.  Afifghanistan. 
-II.  a  walled  village  of  W.  Afifghanis- 
tan. 

Dor,  or  Dore  (Mont),  a  group  of 
mntns.  in  France,  comprised  in  the 
mntns.  of  Auvergne,  dep.  Puy-de-D6me. 
The  principal  summit  is  the  pic  de  Sancy, 
6,188  feet  in  elevation. 

Dora,  two  rivs.  of  N.  Italy,  Piedmont, 
tributary  to  the  Po. 

Dorak,  a  town  of  Persia,  prov.  Khu 
zistan. 


dor] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


261 


DoRAMA,  a  town  of  Central  Arabia. 
It  is  a  place  of  provisioning  for  the  Mecca 
caravans. 

DoRAN,  a  town  of  Arabia,  Yemen,  on 
a  mntn.     It  has  some  remarkable  tombs. 

DoEAT  (Le),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France.  dep.iJI.  Vienne,  cap.  cant.  P. 
1,852.  ■ 

Dorchester,  a  town  of  England,  cap. 
CO.  Dorset,  on  an  eminence  on  the  r.  b. 

of  the  Frome. II.  a  vill.  of  Engl.,  co. 

Oxford,  on  the  Thames.     P.  1,078.  ' 

Dorchester,  a  S.E.  county  of  Md., 
between  Chesapeake  bay  &  Choptank  r. 
Area  648  sq.  m.  Capital,  Cambridge. 
Wheat,  Ind.  corn,  tobacco,  &  over  500 
pounds  of  silk  cocoons.    1  newsp.,  2  acads. 

P.  18,877. II.  t.,  Norfolk  co.  Mass.,  on 

Dorchester  bay,  in  Boston  harbor.  Chief 
industry,  whale  &  cod  fishing.  Consid. 
manufs.  of  cottons,  paper,  &  leather.     1 

newsp.,    1    ncad.       P.  7,969. III.  t, 

Grafton  co.  N.  H.,  between  Conn.  &  Mer- 
rimac  rs.     P.  769. 

DoRDOGNE,  a  dep.  in  the  S.W.  of 
France.  Area  3,520  sq.  m.  P.  503,557. 
Chief  rivers,  Dordogne  &  Vezere,  bgth 
navigable,  H.  Vezere  &  Isle.  It  is  cele- 
brated for  hams.  The  principal  manufs. 
are  iron,  paper,  brandy,  &  liquors. 

Dordogne,  a  riv.,  S.W.  of  France, 
formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Dor  & 
Dogne.     L. 220  m. 

DoREBAT,  a  town  of  Abrabia,  Yemen, 
&  the  residence  of  a  sheikh. 

DoHE  l'Eglise,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Puy-de-DOme.     P.  2,090. 

DoRGALi,  a  vill.  of  the  isl.  Sardinia, 
cap.  dist.,  prov.  Nuovo.     P.  3,356. 

DoRJELiNG,  a  vill.  &  watering  place  of 
N.  Hindostan. 

Dorking,  a  market  town  &  pa.  of 
England,  co.  Surrey. 

DoRLA  (Upper  &  Lower),  two  con- 
tiguous vills.  of  Prussian  Saxony.  Uni- 
ted pop.  2,170. 

Dormagen,  a  vill.  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
near  the  Rhine.     P.  1,486. 

DoRMANs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Marne.     P.  1,529. 

DoENACH,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Rhin.  P.  3,055.  engaged  in  cot- 
ton spinning  &  weaving. 

DoRNACH,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Soleure.  Celebrated  for  the  victory  of 
the  Swiss  over  the  Austrians,  22d  July, 
1499. 

DoRNBiRN,  a  market  town  of  Austria, 
Tyrol.     P.  4,600. 

DoRNEs,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Mevre, 

cap.   cant.     P.   1,105. II.    a    market 

town  of  Portugal,  on  the  Zezere. 


DoRNHAN,  a  town  ,  of  Wiirtemberg', 
circ.  Black  Forest.     P.  1,550. 

DoRNO,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  div.  No- 
vara.     P.  (with  comm.)  3,683. 

DoRNOCH,  a  maritime  vill.  of  Scotl., 
cap.  CO.  Sutherland,  on  the  firth  of  same 
name. 

Dornoch  Firth,  a  deep  inlet  of  the 
North  sea,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Scotland, 
between  the  cos.  Sutherland  &  Ross. 
Breadth  of  entrance  about  15  m. 

DoRNSTETTEN,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
circ.  Black  Forest,'  Frendenstadt.  P. 
1,200. — Dornum  is  a  vill.  of  Hanover. 
P.  1,580. 

DoROGOBusH,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Smolensk,  cap.  circ.,  on  the  Dnieper.  P. 
5,000. 

DoROGOiE,  a  town  of  Moldavia,  in  its 
N.  part,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  river  Schig. 

DoRosMA,  a  vill.  of  Central  Hungary, 
Little  Cumania.     P.  8,030. 

DoEPAT,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Livo- 
nia, cap.  circ,  on  the  Bmbach.  P. 
12,000.  Its  celebrated  university,  origi- 
nally founded  in  1632  by  Gustavus  Adol- 
phus  of  Sweden,  &  re-established  by  Paul 
I.,  had  in  1846,  80~  professors,  574  stu- 
dents, an  extensive  library,  a  museum 
of  arts,  an  observatory,  &  a  botanic  gar- 
den. It  is  the  chief  school  for  the  Prot- 
estant clergy  in  Russia. 

DoRRE  Island,  W-  Australia. 

Dorset,  p-t.,  Bennington  co.  Vt. 
There  is  a  noted  cave  iii  the  S.  part  of 
this  town.     P.  1,426. 

Dorsetshire,  a  marit.  co.  of  England, 
on  its  S.W,  coast.  Area  1,006.  P.  177,597. 
Surface  in  the  N.  mostly  level ;  in  the 
centre,  traversed  by  chalk  downs.  Prin- 
cipal rivers  the  Stour  &  Frome.  Sheep 
are  estimated  at  nearly  a  million.  Dairy 
husbandry  is  highly  important ;  excellent 
butter,  ale,  &  cider,  are  products  of  im- 
portance.    Estates  &  farms  mostly  large. 

DoRSTEN,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, on-  the  Lippe.  P.  2,900.  It  has 
manufs.  of  woollen  cloth. 

DoRT,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  prov. 
S.  Holland,  cap.  dist.,  on  an  isl.  in  the 
Merwe  (Meuse).  P.  20,991.  Dort  was 
the  place  where,  in  1572,  the  independ- 
ence of  the  United  Provs.  was  first  de- 
clared. It  is  the  birth-place  of  the 
brothers  De  Witt.  The  famous  synod  of 
Dort,  which  anathematized  the  doctrines 
of  Arminiu?,  &  was  productive  of  much 
intestine  disturbance  in  the  Netherlands, 
was  held  here  in  1618  &  1619. 

Dortmund,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian 
We.«tphalia,  can.  circ  on  the  Emster. 
P.  7,620. 


262 


CYCLOP^BIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[dov 


DoEZBACH,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on 
the  Jaxt.     P.  1,480. 

Dos  Barrios,  a  modern  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Toledo,  in  a  plain. 

Dos  Hermanas,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Sevilla,  near  the  Guddiara.     P.  2,915. 

DoTis,  a  market  town  of  W.  Hungary, 
CO.  Komom.     P.  4,869. 

DouAi,  or  DouAY,  a  fortified  town  of 
France,  dep.  Nord,  cap.  arrond.,  on  the 
Scarpe.  P.  16,935.  It  is  \Yell  built,  & 
has  several  handsome  old  churches,  a  fine 
arsenal  &  cannon  foundry,  several  hos- 
pitals, botanic  garden,  national  college, 
univ.  academy,  &  it  is  the  seat  of  a  na- 
tional college,  &  numerous  flourishing 
Boieritific  institutions.  It  has  important 
manufactures. 

DouARNENEz,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Finist^re,  cap.  cant.,  on  the 
bay  of  Douarnenez.     P.  3,958. 

DouBs,  a  riv.  of  France,  rises  in  the 
Jura,  &  joins  the  SaOne.  It  is  accom- 
panied by  the  canal  of  the  Rhone  & 
Rhine  from  Voujancourt  to  its  junct.  with 
the  SaOne.     Length  288  m.     Near  Mor- 

teau,  it  forms  a  cataract  88  ft.  high.-': 

II.  a  dep.  in  the  E.  of  France.  P.  296,079. 
Area,  2,020  sq.  m.  Surface  mountainous, 
&  elev.  pearly  covered  with  ramifications 
of  the  Jura  range.  Soil  in  many  parts 
fertile,  rich  in  the  valley  of  the  Doubs. 
It  has  mines  of  iron,  salt,  gypsum,  & 
mineral  springs.  Excellent  pasturage,  & 
is  celebrated  for  its  draught  horses.  ~It 
has  numerous  iron  foundries,  &  manufs. 
of  iron  goods. 

Douce,   a  mntn.  of  Ireland,  Leinster, 
^  CO.  Wicklow,  elev.  2,392  ft. 

Doucav,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Nord,  on  the  Selles.     P.  1,558. 

DouDEViLLE,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Seine  Inf.,  cap.  cant.  P. 
1,785. 

DouE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Maine-et-Loir,  cap.  cant.     P.  3,053. 

DouERA,  a  walled  town  of  Algeria,  cap. 
dist.     P.  1,573. 

Douglas,  a  sea.port,  watering  place,  & 
cap.  of  the  Isle  of  Man,  on  a  fine  bay  on 
its  E.  coast,  81.  m.  N.W.  Liverpool.  P. 
8,647.  Its  old  streets  are  narrow,  irreg- 
ular, &  dirty.  The  harbor,  which  admits 
of  vessels  drawing  from  10  to  12  feet  at 
high  water,  but  dries  at  low  tide,  has  a 

good  pier,  520  feet  in  length. II.  p-t., 

Worcester  co.  Mass.  Drained  by  Mum- 
ford  r.,  which  affords  good  water  power. 
Some  manufs.      1   acad.     P.  1,617.^ 

III.  p-t.,  Berks  co.  Pa.     P.  1,133. 

IV.  t.,  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  P.  1,090. 
V.  Douglas-island,  Russian  Amer., 


is  between  Admiralty  island  &  the  main- 
land. 

DouLLENs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Somme,  on  the  Authie.    P.  2,419. 

DouNE,  a  vill.  of  Scotland,  co.  Perth, 
on  the  Teith.     P.  1,559. 

Dour,   a  comm.  &   town  of  Belgium, 

prov.  Hainault,  cap.  cant.    P.  5,833. • 

II.  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pash. 
Bagdad,  on  the  Tigris.— — III.  a  vill.  of 
Persia,  75  m.  N.W.  Ispahan. 

DouRDAN,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  cap.  cant.,  on  the 
Orge.     P.  2,323. 

DouRGNE,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  t.  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn,  cap.  cant.,  at  the  foot  of  Mt. 
Noire.     P.  1,009. 

DouRNAZAc,  a  comm.  &  vill.  df  France, 
dep.  H.  Vienne.     P.  2,310. 

DouHO,  an  important  river  of  Spain  & 
Portugal,  Oporto,  enters  the  Atlantic  at 
San  Joao  da  Foz,  3  m.  W.  Oporto.  Total 
course,'  400  m.  Its  basin,  between  the 
Asturian  mntns.  N.,  &  the  Sierras  Gau- 
darrama  &  Estrella,  &c.,  is  the  most  ex- 
tensive in  the  Spanish  peninsula. 

DouRO,    a   recently   formed   prov.    of 
Portugal,  in  the  N.,  having  W.  the  Atlan- 
tic ocean.    Area,  3,872  sq.m.    P.  839,908. 
DousTEE  &  DouvB,  two  Small  rivs.  of 
France. 

DouvAiNE,  a  town  of  the  Sard,  states, 
near  the  S.  shore  of  the  lake  of  Geneva. 
P.  1,140. 

DouvREs,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Calvados,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,311. 

Doux  &  DouzE,  two  rivs.  of  Franco ; 
the  former,  dep.  Ard8che ;  the  latter, 
deps.  Gers  &  Landes. 

DovADOLA,  a  town  of  Tuscany,  on  the 
Montone.     P.  2,293. 

Dove,  a  river  of  England,  between  the 
cos.  Derby  &  Stafford,  rises  near  Buxton, 
&  after  a  S.  course  of  39  p^.,  joins  the 
Trent. 

Dover,  a  cinque  port  &,  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Kent,  on  the  N.W.  side  of  Dover  strait, 
at  the  terminus  of  the  S.E.  railwa.y,  66 
m.  E.S.E.  London,  21  m.  from  Cape  (Jris- 
nez,  on  the  opposite  side  of  th-e  English 
channel.  The  town  consists  mostly  of  a 
collection  of  old  streets  on  the  N.  side  of 
its  harbor.  It  has  a  castle  &  strong  de- 
fences. The  castle  is  a  collection  of  for- 
midable works,  occupying  35  acres ;  its 
foundation  has  been  attributed  to  the 
Romans,  &  it  contains  Roman  &  Saxon 
towers,  a  spacious  keep  forming  a  bomb 
proof  magazine  &  barracks  for  2,000  men. 
The  harbor  consists  of  3  basins,  the  outer 
one  enclosed  between  two  piers  150  feet 
apart ;'  large  sums  have  been  spent  upon 


dra] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


268 


it  in  different  reigns^  since  Henry  VII., 
but  its  entrance  is  unfortunately  impeded 
by  a  movable  shingle  bar.     P.  13,828. 

Dover,  p-b.  in  Dover  hundred,  cap.  of 
the  state  of  Delaware,  is  situated  on  high 
ground,  between  the  2  principal  branches 
of  Jones'  creek,  10  m.  from  its  entrance 
into  Del.  bay.  It  is  laid  out  with  regu- 
larity, &  the  houses  are  generally  hand- 
some. The  state  house  is  an  elegant 
building.  Here  is  a  splendid  monument 
to  the  memory  of  Col.  John  Haslett,  who 
fell  in  the  battle  of  Princeton.  Some 
trade  in  flour.  1  bank,  1  newsp.,  1  period., 

&  1  acad.     P.  4,150. -11.  p-t.,  cap.  of 

Piscatiquis  co.  Maine,  on  riv.  of  same 
name.     It  has  a  fine  village.     A  good  t. 

for  wheat.     2  newsp.     P.  1,597.^ III. 

p-t.,  Strafford  co.  N.  H.,  on  Pisatiquis 
riv.  Settled  in  1623,  The  v.  of  Dover 
is  around  the  lower  falls  of  CoQheco,  where 
the  water  suddenly  descends  32|  ft.  These 
falls  are  at  the  head  of  tide  water,  12  m. 
from  the  ocean.  Manufs.  of  cotton  fab- 
rics &  of  woollens.   Furnaces  &  tanneries. 

3  newsp.,  3  acad.     P.  8,186. IV.  p-t., 

Windham    co.    Vt.      It  borders  on  the 

Green  mountains.     P.  729. V.  p-t., 

Norfolk  CO.  TMass.     P.  520. VI.  p-t., 

Dutchess  CO.  N.  Y.  "\Yhite  &  colored 
marble  &  some  iron  ore  are  found  here. 
The  vill.  is  on  a  beautiful  plain.     Some 

manufs.     1  acad.     P.  2,000. VII.  t., 

Monmouth  co..N.  J.  Drained  by  Toms 
riv.  &  Cedar  cr.     Some  water  power.     P. 

2,752. -VIII.  p-v.,  Morris  co.  N.  J.    A 

manuf  vill. — —IX.  t.,  York  co.  Pa.     P. 

1,935. X-.  t.,  Athens  co.  Ohio.  P.  1,297. 

XI.  p-t.,  Cuyahoga  co.  Ohio.     P.  966. 

XII.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Stewart  co.  Tenn.. 

on  Cumberland  riv. XIII.  t.,  Lafay- 
ette CO.  Mo."  P.  1,217. XIV.  p-v.,  cap. 

of  Pope  CO.  Ark.,  on  a  branch  of  Ark.  riv. 

XV.  t.,  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio.      Vill. 

on  the  W.  side  of  the  Ohio  canal.  It  is 
reerularly  laid  out.  Some  manufs.  P. 
2,247. 

Dover  (Strait  of),  the  strait  which 
separates  England  &  France,  &  connects 
the  English  channel  with  the  N.  sea.  It 
extends  from  Dungeness  (co.  Kent),  & 
Cape  6rri3  Nez  (dep.  Pas-de-Calais),  N.E.. 
to  the  S.  Foreland  &  Calais.  L.  22  m. ; 
breadth  (where  narrowpst)  21  m. 

DovY,  a  river  of  Wales.     L.  30  m. 

DowLETABAD,  a  town  of  India,  Deecan, 
Nizam's  dom.,  &  with  a  remarkable  rock 
fortress,  about  500  feet  high. 

Down,  a  maritime  co.,  Ireland,  Ulster. 
Area,  9,560  sq.  m.  P.  317,778.  The  rural 
population  are  said  to  be  better  off  in  this 
than  in  most  other  Irish  cos.     Principal 


crops,  potatoes,  barley,  oats  &  flax.  Tim- 
ber is  scarce.  Estates  large ;  farms  mostly 
^mall. 

DowNE,  t.,  Cumberland  co.  N.  J.  It 
has  several  port  villages.     P.  1,920. 

Downham-Market,  a  market  town 
of  England,  co.  Norfolk,  on  the  Ouse. 

Downingtown,  p-v.,  Chester  co.  Pa., 
on  a  branch  of  Brandywine  creek,  12  m. 
from  the  scene  of  the  battle  of  Brandy- 
wine,  fought  Sept.  11,  1777. 

Downpatrick,  a  seaport  town  of  Ire- 
land, Ulster,  cap.  co.  Down,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Quoyle.  P.  4,651.  Town 
well  built,  consists  chiefly  of  four  streets 
stretching  up  hills  from  a  centre  in  a 
confined  valley,  &  is  divided  intd  English, 
Irish,  &  Scotch  quarters. 

Downs  (The),  ■&,  portion  of  the  N.  sea, 
off  the  S.E.  coast  of  England,  co.  Kent, 
between  the  N.  &  S.  Foreland. 

Downton,  a  town,  England,  co.  Wilts, 
on  the  Avon,  which  here  divides  into  three 
arms,  each  crossed  by  a  bridge. 

•Doylestown,  p-b.,  cap.  of  Bucks  co. 
Pa.  1  male  &  1  female  acad.  In  the 
town  there  are  5  acad.,  4  newsp.    P.  2,127. 

Drag,  a  riv.  in  the  S.E.  of  France, 
rise."!  in  the  Alps  <St.joins  the  Is^re,  after 
a  N.W.  course  of  70  m. 

Drachenfels,  a  celebrated  mountain 
peak,  one  of  the  range  of  the  Sieben- 
gebirge,  in  Rhenish  Prussia,  on-  r.  b.  of 
the  Rhjne.     Blev.  1,056  feet. 

Dracut,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.  Mass.,  on 
the  N.  side  of  Merrimac  riv.  1  acad.  P. 
2,188. 

D'ragomhstre,  a  seaport  town,  Greece, 
Hellas,  gov.  Acarnania,  on  an  inlet  of  the 
Ionian  sea.  The  bay  of  Dragomestre, 
sheltered  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Dragonera 
isls.,  is  6  m.  in  length  by  1  m.  across. 

Dragomirna,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Po- 
land, Bukovina,  on  the  frontier  of  Mol- 
davia. 

Dragonera,  sevl.  isls.,  Mediterranean. 

Dragoni,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  T. 
di  Lavoro.  P.  2,400. 
'  Dragon's  Mouth  is  the  passage  be- 
tween the  isl.  of  Trinidad  &  the  peninsula 
of  Paria,  S.  America,  12  m.  across  from 
E.  to  W.,  &  interspersed  by  islets. — The 
JBoca  del  Drago  is  a  passage,  N.  Granada, 
prov.  Veragua,  leading  from  the  L.  Chi- 
riqui  into  the  Caribbean  sea. 

Dragor,  a  maritime  vill.  of  Denmark, 
on  the  sound,  7  m.  S.  Copenhagen.  P. 
1,800. 

Dragten,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov;  Friesland.     P.  4,400. 

Draguignan,  a  comm.  &  town,  France, 
dep.  Var,     P.  7,530. 


264 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[dro 


Drah,  a  riv.,  prov.,  &  town  of  Morocco, 
the  riv.  in  the  Tafilet,  E.  of  Atlas,  &  lost 
in  the  desert  after  a  S.  course  of  250  m. 

Drake's  Channel,  Brit.  W.  Indies,  is 
S.E.  the  isl.  Tortola. — Drake's  Island, 
England,  Plymouth  sound,  off  the  town 
of  Plymouth,  has  a  fort  &  military  quar- 
ters. 

Drama,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Macedonia.  It  has  some  trade  in  cotton 
fabrics,  &  tobacco  raised  in  its  vicinity. 
A  few  miles  S.E.  is  the  celebrated  plain 
of  Philippi,  on  which  the  forces  of  Brutus 
&  Cassius  were  defeated,  B.C.  42. 

Dramburg,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pome- 
rania,  cap.  circ,  on  the  Drage.    P.  3,321. 

Drammen,  a  seaport  town  of  Norway, 
on  both  sides'  of  the  Drammen  near  its 
mouth  in  the  Christiania  fiord,  22  m.  S.  W. 
Christiania.  P.  8,095.  'It  is  well  built, 
&  has  a  college,  distilleries,  manufs.  of 
carriages,  sail  cloth,  rope,  tobacco,  & 
earthenwares,  &  an  active  trade  in  tim- 
ber, iron,  pitch,  &  other  Baltic  produce. 

Dhanse,  a  riv.  of-  S-avoy,  enters  the 
lake  of  Geneva  after  a  N.  course  of  24  m. 

II.  a  river,  Switzerland,  cant.  Valais, 

joins  the  Rhone  near  Martigny,  after  a 
N.  course  of  24  m. — Drausen  is  a  small 
lake,  W.  Prussia,  S.  of  Elbing. 

Dransfeld,  a  town  of  Hanover,  landr. 
Hildesheim.     P.  1,342. 

Drave,  a  river  of  S.E.  Europe,  &  one 
of  the  principal  triljutaries  of  the  Danube, 
rises  in  the  Tyrol,  &  join.s  the  Danube, 
after  a  total  course  of  360  m. 

Drayton-in-Hales,  a  market  town  & 
pa.  of  England,  co.  Salop,  on  the  Liver- 
pool &  Birmingham  junction  canal.  P. 
4,680. 

Drem,  a  vill.  of  Scotland,  co.  Had- 
dington. 

Drengfurth,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia, 
reg.  Kdnigsberg,  on  the  Veisse.  P.  1,760. 
— Drenstcinfurth  is  a  t.  cf  Pruss.  West- 
phalia.    P.  1,150. 

Drenthe,  a  frontier  prov.  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, having  E.  the  Hanoverian  dom. 
Area,  1,028  sq.  m.  P.  83,570.  Surface 
level  &  much  of  it  marshy.  The  rear- 
ing of  live  stock  is  the  chief  branch  of 
rural  industry. 

Drepano  {Dre-pamim),  Cape,  several 
head-lands,  European  Turkey  &  Greece. 

1.  Macedonia,  forms  the  S.  extremity 

of  the  Centr.  Chalcidie  peninsula. II. 

N.  coast  of  Crete. III.  on  the  S.  shore 

of  the  Corinthian  gulf 

Dresden,-  the  cap.  city  of  the  kingdm. 
of  Saxony,  on  both  sides  of  the  Elbe,  here 
crossed  by  an  elegant  stone  bridge  of  16 
arches,  which  connects  its"  old   &  new 


towns,  &  100  m.  S.S.E.  Berlin,  with 
which  city,  Gorlitz,  &c.,  it  has  railway 
communication.  P.  90,200.  Elev.  322 
feet  above  the  N.  sea.  The  old  town,  on 
the  S.  bank  of  the  river,  is  old  fashioned. 
The  new  town  is  handsomely  laid  out;  & 
the  whole  vicinity  of  the  city  is  very  pic- 
turesque. The  royal  palace  is  a  vast 
antiquated  building  containing  a  royal 
library,  a  Roman  Catholic  church  with 
a  tower  378  feet  in  height,  &  the  state 
treasur}',  with  an  immense  collection  of 
valuable  property.  The  far-famed  Dres- 
den gallery  of  paintings  is  considered 
the  finest  collection  N.  the  Alps.  Other 
principal  objects  of  interest  are  the  Briihl 
palace,  many  splendid  churches,  &  resi- 
dences of  noblemen,  rich  in  works  of  art, 
an  opera  house  seated  for  8,000  specta- 
tors, the  mint,  arsenal,  hall  for  the  annual 
exhibition  &  sale  of  works  by  Saxon  ayt- 
ists,  an  acad.  of  arts,  various  colleges, 
schools  &  asyluTQS.  Dresden  has  manufs. 
of  silk  &  woollen  stufl's,  leather,  carpets, 
gloves,  jewellery  &  various  other  articles. 
On  the  26th  &  27th  Aug.  1813,  the  allies 
were  defeated  under  its  walls  by  the 
troops  of  Napoleon. 

Dresden,  town,  Lincoln  co.  Me.,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  Kennebec  river.  P.  1,647. 

II.  p-t.,  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  betw. 

lakes  George  &  Champlain.  It  is  mostly 
a  forest,  abounding  with  bears,  wolves,- 
deer,  &  other  wild  game.  P.  697. — -r- 
III.  p-v.,  Muskingum  co.,  Ohio.     P.  819. 

IV.  cap.  of  Weakly  county,  Tenn., 

on  a  branch  of  the  Obion  riv. 

Dheux,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Eure-et-Loir,  &  on  the  Blaise.  P, 
5,547. 

Drewenz,  a  river  &  lake  of  Prussia ; 
the  lake,  7  m.  in  length  E.  to  W.,  &  trav- 
ersed by  the  river,  which  after  a  S.W. 
course  of  80  m.  joins  the  Vistula. 

Driburq,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westpha- 
lia, at  the  foot  of  a  mountain,  surmount- 
ed by  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  castle 
Iburg.     P.  2,320. 

Driel,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherl'ds,  prov. 
Gelderland.     P.  2,815. 

Deiesen,  a  t.  of  Prussia,  prov.  Bran- 
denburg, on  an  isl.  formed  by  the  Netze. 

P.  3,840. II.  {Great),  a  mkt.  t.  &  pa. 

of  England,  co  York,  E.  Riding.  P.  3,477. 

Drin,  two  rivers  of  European  Turkey. 

1.  I3osnia,  rises  in  the  Dinaric  Alps, 

&  after  a  N.  course  of  180  m.  joins  the 
Save.  — —  II.  Albania,  formed  by  the 
junction  of  the  Black  &  White  Djin, 
whence  it  has  a  generally  W.  course  of 
110  m.,  &  enters  the  G.of  Drin  (Adriatic). 

Dhobak,    a  seaport  town  of  Norway, 


dub] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


265 


Btiffc  Aggershuus,  on  the  E.  side  of  Chris- 
tiania  fiord.  P.  1,476.  Trade  in  timber. 
Drogheda,  a  seaport  &  town  of  Ire- 
land, Leinster,  cos.  Meath  &  Louth,  on 
bofh  siJes  of  the  Bovne,  here  crossed  by 
a,  3-arched  bridge.  "P.  16,876.  The  har- 
bor &  river  have  been  improved,  so  that 
vessels  of  200' tons  may  now  discharge 
fit  the  bridge.  The  manuf  of  linens 
here,  formerly  flourishing,  has  given  wa.y 
to  that  of  cottons. 

Drohitshin,  a  town  of  Russian  Po- 
land, prov.  Bialystok,  cap.  circ,  on  the 

K.   bank  of  the  Bug.     P.  1,000. II. 

a   town,  gov.  Grodno,   25  m.  E.  Kobrin. 
Dkohobice,  a  town,  Austrian  Poland, 
Gralioia,  circ.,Sambor,  on  the  Tiszmanicka. 
P.  7,206. 

Droitwich,  a  town  of  England,  county 
Worcester,  on  a  canal  communicating 
with  tlie  Severn.     P.  2,832. 

Dromagh,  a  vill.  of  Ireland,  Munster, 
CO.  Cork,  with  a  castle,  e.^ten.  eolleries, 
bolting- mills,  &  manufs.of  coarse  pottery. 
Drome,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  ttie 
H.  Alps,  &  joins  the  Rhone  on  left,  after 
a  course  of  60  m. 

Drome,  a  dep.,  S.E.  of  France.  Area, 
653,557  hect.  P.  320,075.  Chief  rivs., 
the  Rhone,  Isere,  &  Drome.  Surface 
mntnous.  in  the  E.,  level  in  the  W.  Soil 
generally  infertile.  Silk  &  wine  are  im- 
portant products,  Hermitage  being  among 
the  growths  of  the  latter. 

Dromore,  town,  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 
Susquehanna  river  runs  on  its  S.W.  bor- 
der.    P.  2,268. II.  an  episcopal  city 

of  Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  Down,  on  the  La- 
gan. P.  2,110.  It  is  regularly  built; 
in  its  cathedral  lie  the  remains  of  Jeremy 
Taylor  &  other  bishops. 

Deonero,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  prov. 
Cuneo,  cap.  mand.,  near  the  foot  of  the 
Alps.     P.  7,716. 

DaONFiELD,  a  vill.  of  Engl.,  co.  Derby. 
P.  4,583. 

DuoNNE,  "-.  riv.  of  France,  after  a  S.W. 
course  of  90  m.,  unites  with  the  Isle. 

Dronhyp,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Friesland,  cap.  cant. 

Drorandorf,  a  fortiiied  town  of  Lr. 
Austria,  on  the  Moravian  frontier. 

Drossent,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov. 
Brandenburg.     P.  4,200. 

Dhotingholm,  a  royal  castle  of  Swe- 
den, laen  &  6  m.  W.  Stockholm,  on  the  N. 
shore  of  Lake  Maelar. 

Droylsden,  a  tnship.  of  England,  co. 
Lancaster.     P.  4,933. 

Deummond's  Island,  is  the  farthest 
"W.  of  the  Manitoulin  isls..  Lake  Huron, 
N.  America,  30  m.  E.  Mackinaw ;  20  m. 
12 


in  length,  E.  to  "VV.,  by  10  m.  in  greatest 
breadth.  Here  is  a  British  fort,  &  trad- 
ing post. II.   an  islet  in   China  sea, 

Paracels  group,  220  m.  S.E.  Hainan. 

Drunen,  a  vill.  of  Netherlands,  prov. 
N.  Brabant.     P.  1,400. 

Drusenheim,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  B.  Rhin,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Moder  &  the  Rhine.     P.  1,616. 

Drushkopol,  a  town  of  Russian  Po- 
land.    P.  1,080.    ' 

Dkuten,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherl?.,  prov. 
Gelderland,  on  the  Waal.     2,700  inhabs. 
Dryburgh- Abbey,  a  beautiful  ruin  of 
Scotland,  co.  Roxburgh,  on  the  Tweed. 

Dryden,  p-t.,  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y. 
Drained  by  Fall  cr.  It  has  a  fine  v.  on 
Virgil  cr.     Manufs.  of  paper   &  ropes. 

Tanneries   &  distilleries.     P.  5,122. ■ 

II.  t.,  Lapeer  co.  Mich.     P.  805. 

DiTANE,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.  N.  Y.  Iron 
ore,  capable  of  producing  the  finest  steel, 
is  found  hero.     P.  224. 

DuANESBURG,    p-t.,   Schenectady  co. 
N.  Y.     Drained  by  Schoharie  cr.  P.  3,464. 
DuAuLT,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Cutes-du-Nord.     P.  2,380. 

DuBEN,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Saxony,  reg. 
Merseburg,  on  the  Mulde.     P.  2,380. 

DuBBOi,  a  populous  town  of  India, 
dom.  Broach. 

DuBiczA,  a  fortfd.  town  of  European 
Turkey,  Bosnia,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Unna. 

P.  6,000. II.  {Austrian  Dubicza);  is 

a  vill.  on  the   military  frontier,  on  1.  b. 

of  the    Unna. III.  a  market  town  of 

Croatia,  circ.  Dubicz.     P.  3,320. 

Dublin,  the  cap.  city  of  Ireland,  &  of 
CO.  Dublin,  on  the  Liflfey,  close  to  its  en- 
trance into  Dublin  bay,  Irish  sea.  P. 
254,850.  The  city-proper  is  nearly  sur- 
rounded by  the  Circular-road,  9  m.  in 
length,  &  which  (accompanied  by  a 
branch  of  the  Grand  canal  on  the  S.  & 
S.E.),  encloses  an  area  of  1.264  acres,  in- 
tersected from  W.  to  E.  by  the  Liff'ey. 
The  river  is  here  crossed  by  7  stone  &  2 
iron  bridges,  &  bordered  on  each  side  by 
noble  granite  quays,  2J  m.  in  length. 
Nearly  in  the  centre  of  the  S.  half  of  tha 
city  is  Dublin  castle.  The  Liffey,  with 
a  line  of  streets,  divides  the  city  into  4 
quarters  differing  greatly  in  their  ap- 
pearance &  character.  Its  university, 
chartered  in  1591,  is  situated  in  Trinity 
coll.,  is  attended  by  about  2,000  students, 
possesses  a  landed  rev.  of  15,000Z.  a  year, 
a  library  of  150,000  vols.,  a  park,  print- 
ing-house, anatomical  &  chemical  depart- 
ments, a  botanic  garden  <fc  an  observ- 
atory. Dublin  has  colleges  of  physiciaus 
&  surgeons,  an  apothecaries'  hall,  8  royal 


266 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[dug 


Irish  &  Hibernian  academies.  In  the 
Phoenix  park,  a  fine  open  space  at  the 
W.  extremity  of  the  city,  &  in  which  is 
the  Wellington  testimonial,  a  heavy  obe- 
lisk, raised  at  a  cost  of  20,000Z.  Its 
harb.,  which  comprises  an  area  of  3,030 
ac,  has  been  latterly  much  improved,  & 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Liflfey,  are  the 
Grand  canal  &  the  custom-ho.  docks,  the 
latter  occupying  8  acres ;  depth  at  low 
water  12  feet,  at  high  tides  24  feet;  the 
wharfs  &  docks  are  accessible  by  vessels 
of  900  tons.  Dublin  had  formerly  im- 
portant manufs.  of  woollen,  silk,  &  cot- 
ton fabrics,  &  at  present  its  chief  trade 
is  in  export  of  linens,  poplins,  porter, 
provisions,  &c.  Customs  revenue  (1846) 
1,062,437Z.;  excise  do.  320,902Z.  Reg. 
shipping  of  port  417  vessels;  aggregate 
burden  37,210  tons.  Steamers  46  (10,- 
865  tons),  mostly  employed  in  the  coast- 
ing &  cross-channel  trade.  Value  of 
Irish  produce  exported  72,445Z.  Dublin 
is  divided  into  20  pas.  &  15  municipal 
wards,  with  15  aldermen,  one  of  whom  is 
chosen  Lord   Mayor,   &  45   councillors. 

II.  p-t.,  Cheshire    co.  N.  H.,  on  a 

height  of  land  between  the  Conn.  &  Mer- 
rimac  rs.  Part  of  Grand  Monadnoek 
mountain  lies  in  this  town.      P.  1,075. 

III.  t.,  Bedford  co.  Pa.     P.  902. 

IV.  t.,  Mercer  co.  0. V.  p-v.,  cap.  of 

Laurens  co.  Ga.,  on  the   Oconee  r. 

VI.  bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Irish  sea,  co. 
Dublin.  Its  length  &  breadth  of  en- 
trance   are    each   about   7  m. Vtl. 

county,  Ireland,  Leinster,  has  E.  the 
Irish  sea.  Area  354  sq.  m.  P.  147,506, 
excluding  the  cap.  Surface  level  or  un- 
dulating ;  principal  river  the  Liffey. 

DuBNicz,  a  market  town  of  N.W.  Hun- 
gary, CO.  Trentsehin,  near  the  Waag. 
P.  1,868. 

DuBNiczA,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, Bulgaria,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Djerma. 
P.  6,000. 

DuBNO,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  gov. 
Volhynia,  on  the  Irwa.     P.  8,700. 

Dubois,  S.W.  county  of  la.  Area  432 
eq.  m.  Cap.  Jasper.  The  common 
grains  &  some  sugar  are  produced.  P. 
6,321. 

DuBOVKA,  a  market  town  of  Russia, 
gov.  Saratov,  on  the  rt.  b.  of  the  Volga. 
P.  4,000. 

DuBOZARi,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the 
Dniester.     P.  1,600. 

DuEROVNA,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Dnieper.,  P.  4,000.  It 
has  a  synagogue,  &  manufactures  of 
clocks  &  woollen  fabrics. 

DuBuauE,    N.E.  county  of  Iowa,  on 


the  Mississippi  r.  Watered  by  several 
rivers  &  creeks.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
&  potacoes.  Smelting  houses,  producing 
large  quantities  of  lead.  P.  10,841.  Cap. 
Dubuque. 

DuBuauE,  p-v.,  Dubuque  co.  Iowa, 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Miss,  r.,  1,605  m. 
above  New  Orleans.  It  is  regularly 
laid  out  on  a  terrace  which  extends  along 
the  r.  for  several  m.  It  contains  a  num- 
ber of  fine  public  buildings.  Lead  ore  is 
found  in  abundance  within  the  corporate 
limits.     An  important  place. 

DucATO  (Cape),  at  the  S.  extremity 
of  the  island  Santa  Maura,  Ionian  isls., 
is  the  ancient  Leucadian  promontory, 
or  "lovers'  leap,"  whence  the  Greek 
poetess  Sappho  is  said  to  have  precipi- 
tated herself  into  the  sea. 

DucATES,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, Albania,  8  m.  S.  Valona.  It  is  the 
cap.  of  a  numerous  tribe  of  Albanian 
Japys,  whose  government  is  patriarchal. 

DucEY,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Manche,     P.  1,822. 

DuciE  IsLAKD,  Pacific  ocean,  is  oval 
shaped,  &  of  coral  formation,  with  a  la- 
goon in  its  centre. 

Duck  Creek,  hund.  Kent  co.,  Del. 
Manufs.  of  woollens  &  leather. — [Creek), 
Central  Australia,  is  an  arm  of  the  Mac- 
quarrie  river. — {Island),  Lake  Huron, 
N.  America. — {River),  U.  States,  a  tri- 
but.  of  Tennessee. 

DucLAiR,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine  Inf.,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Seine.  P. 
1,700. 

DuDDON,  a  river  of  England,  cos.  Cum- 
berland, Lancaster,  &  Westmoreland. 

DuDERSTADT,  a  towu  of  Hauover, 
princip.  Griibenhagen,  cap.  circ,  on  the 
Hahle.     P.  4,414. 

Dudley,  a  pari,  bor.,  town,  &  pa.  of 
Engl.,  CO.  Worcester.  P.  31,157.  It  is 
a  principal  seat  of  the  iron  trade ;  its 
vicinity  abounding  with  mines  of  coal  & 
iron,  &  with  limestone  quarries. 

Dudley,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.  Mass. 
Watered  by  Quinnebaug  &  French  rs., 
which  afibrd  good  water  power.  Ma- 
nufs. of  woollens.      P.  1,352. II.  fc., 

Henry  co.  la.     P.  1,650. 

Dudzeele,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Bel- 
gium, prov.  W.  Flanders.     P.  1,600. 

Duenas,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Pa- 
lencia,  near  the  Pisuerga.     P.  2,490. 

Duff  Islands,  a  group  of  11  islets, 
Pacific  0^ 

Duffel,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov.  Ant- 
werp, on  the  railway  thence  to  Brussels, 
&  on  the  Nethe.     P.  4,048. 

Dug,  a  considerable  town  of  India,  80 


dun] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER, 


261 


m.  S.  Kotah,  &  containing  about  2,000 
houses. 

DuiNO,  a  small  seaport  town  of  Aus- 
trian Empire,  Illyria,  gov.  Triest,  on  the 
N.  coast  of  its  gulf.  Near  it  is  a  quarry 
of  black  marble. 

DuisBURG,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
cap.  circ.  of  same  name,  between  the 
Ruhr  &  Anger,  near  the  Rhine.  P. 
7,770. 

DuivELAND,  an  island,  Netherlands, 
prov.  Zealand,  in  the  E.  Scheldt.  L.  8 
m. ;  br.  5  m. 

DuKiNFiELD,  a  tnshp.  of  England,  co. 
Chester.  Pop.  22,394,  chiefly  engaged  in 
manufs.  of  cotton.s,  &  in  collieries. 

Dukes,  county,  Mass.,  consists  of  the 
islands  of  Martha's  Viney'd,  Chippiquid- 
die,  Elizabeth  Islands,  &  No  Man's  land, 
lying  S.E.  of  Buzzard's  bay.  Cap.  Ed- 
garton.  Chief  industry,  fishing.  Manufs. 
of  woollens.    2  acad.     P.  4,540. 

DuKLA,  a  frontier  town  of  Austrian 
Poland,  Galicia,  on  the  Jasielka,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Carpathian  mntns.    P.  2,300. 

DuKORA  &  DuKOvsTCHiNA,  two  mkt. 
towns  of  Russia. 

DuLAs,  several  small  rivers  of  Wales 
have  this  name. 

DuLCE  (Rio),  a  river  of  S.  America, 
La  Plata,  rises  in  the  dist.  Tucuman, 
flows  S.E.,  &  empties  itself  into  Porongos 

lake. II.  Golfo  Dulce  is  an  inlet  of 

the  Atlantic  ocean,  in  the  gulf  of  Hon- 
duras, S.  of  Balize.  The  gulf  is  28  m. 
long,   11  in.  broad,  &  6  to  8  fathoms  deep. 

III.  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific,  on  the 

coast  of  Guatimala. 

DuLciGNO,  a  seaport  town  of  European 
Turkey,  Albania,  on  cap.  Kadilie,  a  rooky 
peninsula  in  the  Adriatic.     P.  8,000. 

DuLEEK,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Leinster, 
CO.  Meath,  on  Nanny  Water.    P.  1,158. 

DiJLKEN,  a  town  of  Rhenish-Prussia, 
on  the  canal  between  the  Rhine  &  Venlo. 
P.  2,370. 

DiJLLN,  or  DiLLN,  a  royal  free  town  of 
N.W.  Hungary,  co.  Honth.    -P.  1,680. 

DuLMEN,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, cap.  CO.     P.  2,500. 

DuLVERTON,  a  mkt.  town  &  pa.  of 
England,  co.  Somerset.     P.  1,422. 

DuMANWAY,  a  market  town,  Ireland, 
Munster,  near  the  junction  of  three 
streams.     P.  3.086. 

DuMARAN,  an  isl.  of  Asiatic  archip., 
Philippines,  N.E.  Palawan.  About  20 
m.  in  length  &  breadth,  with  a  town, 
same  name,  S.W.  coast.     P.  1,460. 

DuMBAETON,  seaport  town  of  Scotland, 
cap.  CO.  Dumbarton,  on  the  Leven,  here 
crossed  by  a  5-arched  bridge.     P.  3,782. 


Dumbartonshire,  a  co.  of  Scotland. 
P.  44,923.  Principal  river,  the  Leven. 
Principal  crops,  oats  &  potatoes.  Estates 
mostly  large  ;  farms  small. 

Dumdum,  a  vill.  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 

&  prov.  Bengal. II.  the  valley  of  the 

Pir  Panjal  pass  between  the  Punjab  & 
Cashmere.     Elev.  11,800  feet. 

Dumfries,  a  riverport  of  Scotland, 
cap.  CO.,  on  the  Nith,  across  which  it  com- 
municates with  its  suburb  Maxwellton, 
by  two  bridges  (one  of  7  arches,  as  old  as 
the  13th  century).  P.  10,069.  Principal 
manufs.    are  of  hats,   hosiery,    leather, 

baskets,    clogs,    &    shoes. II.    p-v.. 

Prince  William  co.  Va'.,  on  a  branch  of 
the  Potomac.  Its  harbor  is  a  good  one, 
being  seldom  obstructed  by  ice. 

DuMFRiEs-.SHiRE,  a  frontier  co.  of  Scot- 
land. P.  78,057.  The  whole  valley  of 
the  Nith  is  composed  of  a  red  sandstone 
(the  new  red?).  The  mountainous  dis- 
tricts are  of  the  lower  silurian  strata. 
Coal  is  found.  Minei-al  springs  at  Moffat. 

DuMMER,  t.,  Coos  CO.  N.  H.    P.  57. 

DuMMERSTON,  p-t.,  Windham  co.  Vt., 
on  Conn.  riv.  Adapted  to  grazing.  It 
has  some  good  mill  seats.  This  place  is 
noted  in  early  Indian  warfare.    P.  1,263; 

DuMMODAH,  a  river  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  joins  the  Hooghly  river 
after  a  S.E.  course,  estim.  at  300  m. 

DuMPO,  a  town  of  Tibet,  Gardokh. 

Dun,  several  oomms.  &  towns  of  Prance. 

1,  {le  Falleteau),   dep.   Creuse.      P. 

1,421. -II.  {le  Roi,  Castrum    Duni), 

dep.  Cher,  on  rt.  bank  of  the  Auron,  cap. 
cant.     P.  3.950. 

DiJNA,  an  important  river  of  Russia, 
rises  near  the  sources  of  the  Volga,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  a  canal,  flows  at 
first  S.W.,  &  afterwards  N.W.,  &  enters 
the  gulf  of  Riga  7  m.  Length  direct,  400 
m.,  for  nearly  all  of  which  it  is  navigable. 

DuNABURG,  a  strongly  fortified  town 
of  Russia,  Poland,  gov.  Vitebsk,  on  rt.  b. 
of  the  Diina.     P.  6,300. 

DuNAERTzi,  a  market  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  gov.  Podolia.     P.  3,000. 

DiJNAMUNDB,  a  fortress  of  Russia,  gov. 
Livonia,  on  an  island  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Diina. 

DuNA  Vecse,  a  market  town  of  Centr. 
Hungary,  co.  Pesth,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Danube. 

P.  7,910. II.  a  vill. of  Europ.  Turkey, 

Bulgaria,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Danube. 

Dunbar,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Haddington,  on  an  eminence  at  the 
mouth  of  the  firth  of  Forth.  P.  3,013. 
It  has  cordage  factories,  iron  foundries, 
breweries,  distilleries,  &  the  remains  of 
an  anc.  castle.     The  harbor,  though  its 


268 


CYCLOP.'EDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[dun 


entrance  is  impeded  by  rocks,  is  accessi- 
ble by  vessels  of  300  tons.— — II.  town, 
Fayette  co.  Pa.  Manufs.  of  woollens  & 
leather. 

Dumbarton,  p-t.,  Merrimac  co.  N.  H. 
A  fine  farming  town.     P.  950. 

DuNBEATH,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Caithness. 

Dunblane,  mkt.  town  of  Scotland,  co. 
Perth,  on  the  Allan,  here  crossed  by  a 
single  arched  bridge  of  the  15th  century. 
P.  1,911.  It  is  ill  built,  but  a  good  deal 
resorted  to  in  summer  for  the  sake  of  a 
mineral  spring. 

Duncan  Island,   Pacific  ocean,  near 

the  centre  of  the  Galapagos  group. 

II.  China  sea,  belongs   to  the   Paracels 

(which  see). III.    Duncan    channel, 

inlet  Prince  of  Wales'  archip.,  Russian 
America. 

DuNCANSBY  Head,  the  N.E.  headland 
of  Scotland,  co.  Caithness. 

DuNCAKD,  t.,  Greene  co.  Pa.  Distil- 
leries ,&  oil-mills.     P.  1,292. 

DuNDAFF,  p-b.,  Susquehanna  eo.  Pa. 
A  glass  fac.    An  acad.     P.  304. 

DuNDALK,  seaport  town  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  co.  Louth,  on  the  S.  bank  of 
Castletown  riv.     P.  10,782. 

DuNDAS,  a  town  of  Upper  Canada,  cap. 
dist.  Gore,  at  the  head  of  Burlington 
bay,  L.  Ontario. — {Island),  British  K. 
Amer.,  is  in  the  Pacific. — {Islands),  off 
the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  between  the  equa- 
tor &  lat.  1|°  S.,  comprise  nearly  500 
coral  islets. — {River),  an  afBu.  of  Eng- 
lish riv.,  Delagoa  bay,  E.  Africa. — 
{Strait),  N.  Australia,  separates  Mel- 
ville island  from  Coburg  peninsula,  &  is 
18  m.  across. 

Dundee,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Forfar,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Tay. 
It  stands  mostly  on  the  declivity  between 
the  riv.  &  Dundee-law,  which  has  an 
elev.  of  525  feet.  The  most  prominent 
object  in  the  town,  is  the  old  square 
tower  of  the  cathedral  church,  founded 
by  David,  Earl  of  Huntingdon,  which 
rises  to  the  height  of  156  feet.  White- 
hall, an  old  building,  now  demolished, 
which  stood  near  the  Cross,  was  the  scene 
of  frequent  conventions  of  estates  & 
meetings  of  general  assemblies  of  the 
Scottish  Kirk.  Dundee  is  the  principal 
seat  of  the  linen  manufs.in  Great  Britain. 
In  1839,  there  were  in  the  town  &  imme- 
diate vicinitj',  47  spinning  mills,  im- 
pelled by  steam,  &  producing  12,960,000 
spindles  of  yarn  :  in  the  same  year,  from 
4,000  to  5,000  hands  were  employed  in 
weaving,  &  the  estimated  value  of  the 
manufd.   goods   exported,   amounted   to 


1,810,466Z.  P.  78,829. II.  p-t.,  Mon- 
roe CO.  Mich.  The  v.  is  on  Raisin  r. 
P.  773. 

DuNDEUM  Bay,  Ireland,  Ulster,  co. 
Down,  is  a  bay  of  the  Irish  sea.  The 
"Great Britain"  steam-ship  was  stranded 

here  in  1846. II.  a  vill.,  inner  harbor 

of  tliis  bay. 

Dunes,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Taru-et-Garonne.     P.  1,248. 

Dunfanaghy,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland, 
Ulster,  CO,  Donegal. 

DuNFEENEY,  a  pa.  of  Ireland,  Con- 
naught,  CO.  Mayo.     P.  4,819. 

Dunfermline,  a  manufacturing  town 
of  Scotland,  co.  Fife.  P.  7,860.  _  It  is 
generally  handsome,  though  irregularly 
built.  The  abbey,  originally  founded  by 
Malcolm  &  his  queen,  between  1070  & 
1086,  was  a  monastery  of  Culdees.  Here 
Edward  of  England  resided  for  some 
months  in  1304,  &  on  leaving  it  set  it  on 
fire.  It  was  rebuilt  by  Bruce,  &  here 
his  body  was  interred.  The  linen  manuf. 
here  dates  from  the  17th  century.  The 
weavers  work  in  their  own  houses  ;  &,  in 
1836,  there  were  in  Dunfermline  &  its 
vicinity  3,517  looms,  employing  upwards 
of  5,000  persons,  &  estimated  to  produce 
goods  to  the  annual  value  of  351,700Z, 
Coal,  lime,  &  iron  are  raised  in  large 
quantities. 

Dungannon,  a  market  town,  Ireland, 
Ulster,  CO.  Tyrone,  near  a  branch  of  the 
Blackwater.  P.  of  town  &  pari,  bor.  3,801. 

DuNGARVAN,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  on  the  Colligan.     P.  8,625. 

DiJNGEN,  a  vill.,  Netherlands,  prov.  W. 
Brabant.     P.  1,100. 

DuNGENEss,  a  headland  of  England, 
forming  the  S.  extremity  of  the  eo.  Kent, 
&  projecting  into  the  English  channel. 

DuNGiVEN,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Ulster,  CO.  Londonderry,  on  the  road  from 
Armagh.     P.  1,016. 

DuNjGLAss,  a  promontory  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Dumbarton. 

DuNiEREs,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Loire,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Dunieres. 
P.  2,409. 

DuNKELD,  a  market  town  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Perth.  P.  1,096.  The  town  is  eld  & 
meanly  built.  In  ancient  times,  Dunkeld 
is  said  to  have  been  the  seat  of  the  Pictish 
kings. 

DuNKERQUE  (Eug.  Dunkirk),  a  fortfd. 
seaport  town,  &  the  most  N.  of  France, 
dep.  Nord,  cap.  arrond.,  on  the  strait  of 
Dover,  40  m.  N.W.  Lille,  &  45  m.  E. 
Dover,  at  the  junction  of  3  canals,  &  on 
the  railway  du  Nord.  P.  24,562.  Har- 
bor, chiefly  artificial,  is  shallow,  but  the 


due] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


269 


roadstead  is  good,  &  since  Dunkerque 
was  made  a  free  port  in  1826,  it  has  had 
a  brisk  &  increasing  trade. 

Dunkirk,  p-v.,  Chautauque  co.  N.  Y., 
on  Lake  Erie.  Its  harbor  has  a  depth  of 
12  ft.  on  the  bar.  The  N.  Y.  &  Erie  rail- 
road terminates  here.  Distance  from 
N.  Y.  470  m.     P.  987. 

DuNMANWAY,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  co.  Cork.    P.  3,086. 

DuNMOw  (Great),  a  market  town  of 
England,  co.  Essex,  on  the  Chelmer. 

DuNNET,  a  marit.  pa.  of  Scotland,  co. 
Caithness,  on  Pentland  firth,  with  a  vill. 
P.  1,880.  Sunn et- head  in  this  pa.  is  a 
rocky  peninsula,  forming  the  N.  extrem. 
of  Gt.  Britain. 

DuNSE,  a  market  town,  co.  Berwick. 
P.  2,656. 

DuNsiNNANE,  one  of  the  Sidlaw  hills, 
Scotland,  co.  &  7  m.  N.E.  Perth.  El^v. 
1,114  ft. 

DuNsiNSK,  a  vill,,  Ireland,  Leinster, 
CO.  Dublin. 

Dunstable,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 

CO.    Bedford. II.    t.,    Middlesex   co. 

Mass.     P.  603. III.  t.,   Clinton  co. 

Pa.     Coal  abounds.     P.  841. 

Dunstaffnage,  an  anc.  royal  castle, 
Scotland,  co.  Argyle,  on  Loch  Etive. 

DuNSTER,  a  mkt.  town  of  England,  co. 
Somerset.     P.  1,078. 

DuNVEGAN,  a  bay  &  headland  of 
Scotland,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  isle  of 
Skye. 

Dunvegan  Fort,  British  N".  Amer.,  on 
the  Peace  river. 

DuNWicH,  a  seaport  of  England,  co. 
Suffolk,  on  the  N.  sea.     P.  237. 

Du  Page,  county.  111.     P.  9,290. 

Duplin,  S.E.  county,  N.  C.  Area,  600 
sq.  m.  Level  &  fertile.  Cap.  Keenans- 
ville.  Staples  rice  &  cotton.  Numerous 
grist  &  saw  mills.     2  acad.     P.  13,514. 

Durance,  a  river  of  S.E,  France. 
Length  160  m. 

Durango,  a  dep.  of  the  Mexican  con- 
federation, mostly  between  lat.  24°  &  28° 
N.,  &  Ion.  102°  30'  &  107°  W.  Area, 
54,500  sq.  m.  P.  150,000.  Surface 
mostly  mountainous,  &  much  of  it  is  a 
rocky  &  irreclaimable  desert ;  but  along 
the  banks  of  its  small  rivers  are  some 
fertile  tracts.  Chief  towns  Durango, 
Nombre-de-Dios,  Mapimi,  &  San  Bartol- 
omeo. — Durango  is  the  cap.  above  dep., 
&  at  an  elevation  of  6,848  feet,  in  the 
Sierra  Madre,  near  the  Culiacan  riv.,  150 
m.  N.W.  Zaoatecas.  P.  22,000.  It  has 
a  mint,  nt  which,  in  1845,  gold  to  the 
value  of  43,732  dollars,  &  silver  to  600,608 
do.  were  coined.    Iron  mines  are  wrought 


in  its  vicinity. II.  a  town  of  Spain, 

prov.  Biscay,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Durango, 
over  which  it  has  3  stone  bridges.  It  has 
2,246  inhabs. 

DuRAs,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Lot-et-Garonne.    P.  1,700. 

DuRAVEL,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Lot,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Lot.     P.  3,120. 

DuRAzzANO,  a  vill.  of  Naples,  prov.T. 
di  Lavoro.     P.  2,300. 

DuRAzzo,  a  fortified  marit.  town  of 
Europ.  Turkey,  Albania,  on  the  rocky 
peninsula  of  Peli,  in  the  Adriatic.  P. 
10,000.  Its  harbor  is  safe,  but  moderate- 
sized  vessels  must  anchor  more  than  1 
m.  from  the  shore. 

DuRBEN,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Courland,  on  the  S.E.  shore  of  the  L. 
Durben.     P.  1,500. 

DuREN,  a  town  of  Rhen.  Prussia,  cap. 
circ,  on  the  Roer,  here  crossed  by  a  stone 
bridge,  &  on  the  Cologne  &  Ais-la-Cha- 
pelle  railway.  P.  8,010.  Charlemagne 
here  defeated  the  Saxons,  &  held  diets 
in  775  &  779.  It  was  cap.  of  the  dep. 
Roer  under  the  French  empire. 

Durham,  a  marit.  co.  of  England,  in 
its  N.  part.  Area,  1,097  sq.  m.  P. 
411,532.  Surface  mntnous.  in  the  W., 
where  the  range  has  an  elevatiori  of 
1,000  ft.  to  2,196  ft.  The  river  Tees 
forms  the  S.  boundary,  the  Tyne  the  N.; 
the  other  rivers  are  Wear,  Skerne,  & 
Derwent.  Heaths  occupy  much  of  the 
W.  portion,  where,  however,  agriculture 
is  most  advanced.  The  Teeswater  breed 
of  s.hort-horned  cattle  is  deservedly  fa- 
mous. Sheep,  chiefly  Cheviots  &  Leices- 
ters,  are  pretty  numerous.  Farms  mostly 
small,  but  estates  large  ;  about  one  third 
of  the  land  in  the  co.  is  estimated  to 
belong  to  the  bishopric.  The  Durham 
collieries  are  the  most  extensive  &  valu- 
able in  the  kgdm. ;  near  the  coast  are 
numerous  coal  mines ;  lead,  iron,  & 
grinding  stones  are  also  highly  important 

products. II.  an  anc.  city  &  famous 

episcopal  see  of  England,  cap.  above  co., 
nearly  in  its  centre,  on  a  branch  of  the 
Great  N.  of  Engl,  railway.  P.  9,577. 
It  has  a  most  imposing  external  appear- 
ance, its  cathedral  &  castle,  occupying 
the  summit  of  a  steep  rocky  eminence 
surrounded  by  hanging  gardens  &  plan- 
tations, &  nearly  encircled  by  the  Wear. 
The  cathedral,  founded  in  1093,  &  one 
of  the  noblest  edifices  in  the  kgdm.,  in- 
eluding  the  Western  porch,  is  507  ft.  in 
length,  by  200  ft.  in  greatest  breadth,  & 
has  a  central  tower  214  ft.  in  height ;  it 
is  chiefly  of  massive  Norman  architec- 
t  uro,  &  has  the  tomb  of  St.  Cuthbert,  the 


2^0 


CYCLOPAEDIA   OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[dY8 


chapel  of  the  venerable  Bede,  a  fine  W. 
front  with  a  Galilee  chapel  &  two  richly 
ornamented  towers,  143  feet  in  height. 
The  trade  &  pop.  oi  the  city  have  recently 
received  a  rapid  increase,  owing  mainly 
to    the    extension    of    the    coal    trade. 

Manufs.  .are  not  important. III.  a 

CO.  of  New  S.  Wales,  in  the  N.  part  of 
the  colony.  Surface  mostly  mntnor.s.  & 
well  wooded. IV.  a  dist.,  W.  Austra- 
lia.  V.   a  CO.,  Upper  Canada,   dist. 

Newcastle,  N.  of  Lake  Ontario.-- — VI. 
p-t.,  Cumberland  co.  Me.,  on  the  Andros- 
coggin r.  A  good  farming  t.  P.  1,836. 
■ VII.  p-t.,  Strafford  eo.  N.H.,  wa- 
tered by  Piscataqua  riv.  The  v.  is  on 
Oyster  r.  P.  1,498. VIII.  t.,  Mid- 
dlesex CO.  Conn.     A  good  farming  town, 

watered  by  West  r.     P.  1,095. IX. 

p-t.,  Greene  co.  N.  Y.,  watered  by  Cats- 
kill  r.     Tanneries.     P.  2,813. X.  t., 

Bucks  CO.  Pa.,  on  Del.  r.  It  contains  an 
extensive  cove,  called  the  Devil's  hole. 
P,  691. 

DiJKKHEiM,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria, 
cap.  CO.,  on  the  Isenach.     P.  4,529. 

DuRLACH,  a  town  of  W.  Germany, 
Baden,  circ.  Midd.  Rhine,  on  the  Pfinz. 
P.  4,840. 

DiJRKENSTEiN,  a  town  of  Lower  Aus- 
tria, on  1.  b.  of  the  Danube.  P.  500.  On 
a  high  rock  near  the  town  are  the  ruins 
of  the  fortress  in  which  Richard  Coeur- 
de-Lion  was  imprisoned  on  his  return 
from  Palestine,  in  1192,  by  Leopold,  duke 
of  Austria.  In  1805  the  French  were  de- 
feated hero  by  the  united  Russian  &  Aus- 
trian armies. 

DuREMENZ-MuHLACKER,  a  mrkt.  town 
of  S.  Germany,  circ.  Necker,  on  the  Enz. 
P.  1,490. 

DuRROw,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  Kilkenny  &  Queen's  cos.  P. 
1,318.     It  has  extensive  flour  mills. 

DuRSEY,  an  isl.  of  Ireland,  Munster, 
off  its  S.W.  extremity. 

DuRSLEY,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Glo'ster.  P.  2,931,  partly  engaged  in 
manufs.  of  woollens. 

DuRTAL,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Maine-et-Loire,  cap.  cant.,  on  r.  b. 
of  the  Loire.     P.  1,566. 

DusHET,  a  town  &  fort,  Ga.,  28  m.  N. 
Teflis. 

Dusky  Bay,  a  large  inlet  on  the  S.W. 
coast  of  Middle  isl.,  New  Zealand,  afford- 
ing good  anchorage,  &  having  in  it  Reso- 
lution &  other-  isls.  Discov.  by  Cook  in 
1769. 

DiJssELDORF,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, cap.  reg.  &  of  duchy  of  Berg,  on  r. 
b.  of  the  Rhine.    P.  including  suburbs. 


23,517.  It  has  a  mint,  several  hospitals, 
an  academy  of  sciences,  originally  seated 
at  Duisburg,  a  famous  school  of  painting, 
&  many  excellent  educational  establish- 
ments, an  observatory,  museums,  &  the 
remains  of  a  noble  collection  of  pictures 
which  were  chiefly  transferred  to  Munich. 
It  has  manufs.  of  woollen  stuffs,  carpets, 
hosiery,  chemical  products,  starch  &  vin- 
egar. 

DussLiNGEN,  a  market  town  of  Wur- 
temberg,  circ.  Black  forest.     P.  2,287. 

DusTEE,  a  riv.  of  Beloochistan,  prov. 
Mehran,  enters  the  Arab,  sea,  after  a 
course  of  1,000  m.,  but  very  shallow 
throughout. 

Dutchess,  a  river  county,  N.Y.  Hilly 
but  productive.  Chief  products  grain  & 
cattle.  Iron  ore  &  marble  abound.  Ex- 
tensive water  power.  Half  a  million 
pounds  of  wool  are  grown.  Manufactures 
of  woollen  &  cotton  fabrics.  Tanneries 
&  furnaces.  A  large  brewery.  Cap. 
in  manufs.,  $2,000,000.     P.  58,992. 

Duval,  a  N.E.  co.  of  Florida.  Area, 
720  sq.  m.  Drained  by  St.  John's  & 
Black  river.  Cap.  Jacksonville.  Sweet 
potatoes,  rice,  cotton,  &  sugar  are  pro- 
duced.    Considerable  manufs.     P.  4,539. 

DuxBUHY,  town,  Plymouth  eo.  Mass., 
on  Massachusetts  bay.  Manufs.  of  wool- 
lens, leather,  &  ropes.    1  acad.    P.  2,679. 

II.   town,    Washington    co.  Vt.,  on 

Onion  river.  There  is  a  natural  bridge 
here  over  this  river.     P.  820. 

Dwabaca,  a  maritime  town,  W.  Hin- 
dostan,  Buroda  dom.,  at  the  W.  extrem- 
ity of  the  Gujerat  peninsula.  Here  is  a 
temple  of  Kirshna,  with  a  pyramid  140 
feet  in  height. 

DwiGHT,  v.,  Cherokee  nation,  a  mis- 
sionary station  of  the  American  Board, 
on  the  Illinois,  a  branch  of  the  Ark.  It 
has  a  school  for  the  education  of  Indian 
youth. 

DwiNA,  an  important  river  of  Russia, 
floviTs  N.W.  &  enters  a  gulf  of  the  White 
sea  by  several  mouths,  20  miles  below 
Archangel.     Total  course  330  m. 

Dyer,  W.  co.  of  Tenn.,  on  the  Miss. 
Area,  840.  Cap.  Dyersburg.  Chf.  pro- 
ducts Indian  corn,  tobacco,  &  cotton.  P. 
6,361. 

Dyhernfurth,  a  town  of  Pruss.,  provi 
Silesia,  reg.Ereslauon,  the  Oder.  P.  1,400. 
It  has  a  castle  ;  manufs.  of  pottery. 

Dyle,  a  river  of  Belgium,  provs.  S. 
Brabant.     L.  50  m. 

Dynovs',  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia,  on  1.  b.  of  the  San.     P.  2,675. 

Dysart,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Fife,  on  the  N.  coast   of  the  firth  C(f 


EAS] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


271 


Forth.  P.  1,885.  JIanufs.  of  ticking  & 
checks  to  the  value  of  about  15O,00OZ.  a- 
year,  a  flax  spinning  mill,  &  a  trade  in 
coal  &  building  stone  ;  about  100,000  tons 
flax  are  raised  annufiUy  in  the  pa. 

DziALOszicE,  a  town  of  Poland,  prov. 
Kieloe,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Warta.     P.  3,t93. 

DziALOszYN,  a  town  of  Poland,  prov. 
Kalisz,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Warta,  with  1,000 
iuhabs. 

DziANGNAMRiNG,  a  town,  Tibet. 

DziTOvo,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russ.  Poland, 
gov.  Grodno.     P.  1,000. 

DziujciLov,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russian  Po- 
land, gov.  Podolia.     P.  1,500. 

DzouNGARiA,  a  region  of  Central  Asia, 
comprised  in  Chinese  Turkestan. 

LzwiNOGHOD,  a  market  town  of  Aus- 
trian Poland,  Galicia.     P.  1,800. 


E. 

Eagle,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.  A 
farming  town,  very  heavily  timbered.  P. 

1,187. II.  town,  Brown  co.  Ohio.     It 

contains  the  v.  Fincastle.     P.  891. 

Eagle  Island,  Ireland,  Conn  aught, 
CO.  Maj'o,  in  the  Atlantic. — Eagle  moun- 
tain, Ulster,  CO.  Down     2,084  ft.  high. 

Eagletown,  p-v.,  Choctaw  nation, 
Ind.  Ter.,  177  m.  from  Little  Rock. 

Ealan-na-Coomb,  a  inlet  of  Scotl.,  off 
the  coast  of  Sutherland. 

Earl,  town,  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  It  has 
several  villages  ;  a  forge,  tannery,  &  dis- 
tilleries.    P.  3,982. II.  town,  Berks 

CO.  Pa.  South  mountain  passes  through 
it.     P.  1,158. 

Early,  S.W.  county,  Ga.,  on  the  Chat- 
tahoochee riv.  Area,  1,280  sq.  m.  'Level 
&  fertile.  Cap.  Blakely.  Staple,  cotton. 
2  colleges  &  2  aeads.     P.  7,246. 

Earn  (Loch),  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co. 

Perth.     Circumf.  about  19  m. II.  a  r. 

issuing  from  the  above  lake. 

Easingwold,  a  market  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  York,  N.  Riding.     P.  2,171. 

Easkby,  a  vill.  of  Ireland,  Conn-.nght, 
CO.  Roscommon,  on  a  riverof  sam  ;  np.ijie. 
P.  6,349. 

East,  town,  Carroll  co.  Ohio.     P.  995. 

East  Bethlehem,  p-t.,  Washington 
CO.  Pa.  It  has  several  villages.  Coal 
abounds.     P.  2,312. 

East-Bloox,ifield,  p-t.,  Ontario  co. 
N.  Y.  Drained  by  Mud  cr.  1  aead.  P. 
2,262. 

Eastbourne,  a  market  town  &  water- 
ing place  of  Engl.,  co.  Sussex.     P.  3,015. 

East  Bradford,  t.,  Chester  co.  Pa., 


on   Brandywine   r.      Woollen   &   cotton 
fac.     P.  1,215. 

East  Bridgewater,  t.,  Plymouth 
CO.  Mass.  It  has  extens.  manufs.  1 
acad.     P.  1,950. 

East  Buffalo,  t..  Union  co.  Pa.  P. 
S12. 

East  Caln,  t.,  Chester  co.  Pa^i  1  acad. 
P.  1,757. 

East  Cambbipge,  p-v.,  Middlesex  co. 
Itlass.     It  is  a  large  &,  iiourishing  v. 

East  Cape,  is  the  most  E.  point  of 

New  Zealand,  N.  isl. II.  the  most  E. 

cape  of  Madagascar. 

East  Chester,  p-t.,  Westchester  co. 
N.  Y.  Hilly  &  stony,  but  productive. 
Watered  by  Bronx  r.     P.  1,679. 

East  Cocalier,  t.,  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 
Distilleries.     P.  1,983. 

East  Deer,  t.,  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y., 
on  Alleghany  r.     P.  1,987. 

East  Donegal,  t.,  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 
Some  trade  in  lumber.  Manufs.  of  wool- 
lens &  leather.  1  acad.,  1  newsp.  P. 
2,987. 

Easter  Island,  in  the  Pacific,  is 
about  200  m.  W.  the  coast  of  Chile.  It 
is  small,  &  of  volcanic  origin,  &  rises  to 
1,200  feet  in  elevation.     Soil  fertile. 

East  Fallowfield,  t.,  Chester  co.  Pa. 
Manufs.  of  paper.     P.  1,170. 

East  Feliciana,  N.E.  pa.  of  La. 
Area  560  sq.  m.  Watered  by  Amite  r.  <fc 
by  several  crs.,  on  which  the  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Cap.  Clinton.  It  yields  9,000,000 
pounds  of  cotton.  3  newsp.,  1  college,  4 
acad.     P.  13,598. 

East  Findley,  t.,  Washington  co. 
Pa.     P.  1,147. 

Bast  Goshen,  t.,  Chester  co.  Pa.  P. 
740. 

East  Greenwich,  p-t.,  cap.  Kent  co. 
R.  I.     P.  1,509. 

East  Grinstead,  a.  market  town  of 
England,  co.  Sussex.     P.  3,586. 

Eastham,  t.,  Barnstable  co.  Mass.,  on 
a  narrow  part  of  Capo  Cod,  about  half- 
way between  the  elbow  &  the  cape. 
Chief  industry,  fishing.     P.  955. 

East  Haddam.  t.,  Sliddlesexco.  Conn., 
adapted  to  grazing.  It  was  formerly  a 
piaco  of  some  West  India  trade.  Ma- 
nufs. of  cotton  fabrics.  1  bank.  P. 
2,610. 

East    Hampton,    t.,    Hampshire   co. 

Mass.    P.  717. II.  t.,  Suffolk  CO.  N.Y., 

on  the  E.  end  of  Long  Island.  Mon- 
tauk  Point  &  Gardner's  Island  are  in  this 
t.  The  remnant  of  the  Moutauk  Indians 
reside  here.  The  v.  of  E.  Hampton  lies 
on  a  single  street.  P.  600.  1  acad.  P. 
oft.  2,176. 


2V2 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[eau 


East  Hanover,  p-t.,  Lebanon  co.  Pa. 
P.  2,461. 

East  Haetfobd,  t.,  Hartford  co.  Conn. 
It  hiis  a  fine  v.  Extensive  water  power. 
P.  2,497. 

East  Haven,  t.,  J^ew  Haven  co.  Conn. 
Hilly  &  sandy.  It  has  a  v.  with  3 
churches. II.  t.,  Essex  co.  Vt.     P.  79. 

East  Hempfield,  p-t.,  Lancaster  co. 
Pa.     Distilleries.     P.  1,657. 

East  Huntingdon,  t.,  Westmoreland 
CO.  Pa.     Distilleries.    1  newsp.    P.  1,774. 

East  Kingston,  t.,  Kockingham  co. 
N.  H.     P.  551. 

East  Kov,  cr.,  Genesee  co.  IST.  Y. 

East  Liverpool,  a  business  v.,  Co- 
lumbiana CO.  0. 

East  Lyme,  t..  New  London  co.,  Conn. 
P.  1,439. 

East-Main,  or  Slade  Rivek,  a  river 
of  Labrador,  enters  James  Bay  on  its  E. 
side.  L.  400  m.,  in  which  it  traverses 
numerous  lakes. 

East  Marlbohough,  t.,  Chester  co. 
Pa.  It  has  the  v.  of  Unionville.  1 
acad.     P.  1,379. 

East  Nantmeal,  i>-t.,  Chester-  co. 
Pa.  "Watered  by  branches  of  French  cr. 
Iron  ore  here.  2  forges  &  1  furnace. 
P.  2,171. 

East  New-yoek,  p-v.,  Kings  co.  N.  Y. 
Some  manufs. 

East  Nottingham,  t.,  Chester  co.  Pa. 
Extensive  manufs.  of  paper.  1  acad. 
P.  2,048. 

Easton,  t.,  Bristol  co.  Mass.  Cotton 
manufs.  P.  2,981.— IL  t.,  Washing- 
ton CO.  N.  Y.  It  has  a  v.  with  3  churches. 
Some  manufs.  P.  3,225. — —III.  p-b. 
&  cap.  of  Northampton,  Pa.,  on  Del.  r., 
at  the  junction  of  the  Lehigh.  It  is 
regularly  laid  out  with  a  square  in  the 
centre,  on  which  stands  the  court  house 
erected  in  1758.  It  has  2  banks,  5 
churches,  &  Lafayette  college,  which  has 
a  president,  8  professors,  513  students,  & 
a  library  of  1,350  vol.  There  is  a  fine 
bridge  over  the  Delaware,  570  feet  long, 
which  cost  $80,000;  a  chain  bridge  over 
the  Lehigh;  &  2  bridges  over  the  Bush- 
kill.  The  Delaware,  Morris,  &  Lehigh 
canals  form  a  junction  at  this  place.  Ma- 
nufs. of  woollens.  Tanneries,  distilleries, 
rope  fac,  oil  m.  &  breweries.    4  newsp., 

5   acad.      P.  4,865. IV.  p-v.,  cap  of 

Talbot  CO.  Md.,  on  Tr&ad  Haven  cr.  13 
m.  from  its  entrance  into  Chesapeake 
bay. 

East  Penn,  p-t.,  Northampton  co. 
Pa.  Iron  works  &  2  powder  m.  P. 
1,535. 

East    Pennsboro',    t.,    Cumberland, 


Pa.  It  has  the  Blue  mountains  on  the 
north.  Some  manufs.  Distilleries.  P. 
2,391. 

East  Pikeland,  t.,  Chester  co.  Pa. 
1  acad.     P.  717. 

Eastport,  t.,  Washington  co.  Me., 
consists  of  Moose  island,  4  m.  long,  &  of 
several  smaller  islands  in  Passamaquoddy 
bay.  It  has  an  excellent  harbor.  The 
V.  has  5  churches  &  40  stores.  Chief  in- 
dustry, lumber  trade  &  fishing.  1  acad. 
P.  4,i25. 

East  River,  N.  Y.,  is  a  strait  connect- 
ing Long  Island  with  the  harbor  of  New 
York,  &,  through  the  Narrows,  with  the 
Atlantic.  It  contains  several  islands,  & 
the  pass  -called  "Hell  Gate,"  between 
Great  Barn  island  &  Long  Island,  7  m. 
N.E.  New  York. 

Easttown,  Chester  co.  Pa.     P.  673. 

East  Union,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.  0.  P. 
1,864. 

East  Vincent,  t.,  Chester  co.  Pa.  P. 
1,194. 

Eastville,  p-y.,  cap.  of  Northampton 
CO.  Va. 

East  Whiteland,  t.,  Chester  co.  Pa. 
1  acad.     P.  1,208. 

East  Windsor,  t-,  Hartford  co.  Conn., 
on  the  E.  side  of  Connecticut  r.  A  good 
farming  t.  Here  is  the  "  Theological 
Institute  of  Connecticut."  Distilleries, 
&    paper   &   woollen   fac.     4   acad.      P. 

2,635. II.  t.,    Mercer  co.  N.  J.      It 

contains  ilightstown  Si  several  other  vil- 
lages.    P.  1,989.  -  ■  ' 

Eaton,  county,  Mich.,  centrally  situ- 
ated. It  has  quarries  of  sandstone  & 
limestone.  Common  grains  produced. 
Consid.  sugar.  P.  7,05'8. II.  t.,  Car- 
roll CO.  N.  H.  Iron  ore  is  found.  Soil 
indifferent.  P.  1,710. III.  p-t.,  Mad- 
ison county,  N.  Y.  It  contains  the  v. 
of  Morrisville,  the  cap.  of  the  county. 
Woollen  &  cotton  fac.  Tanneries,  dis- 
tilleries, &  2  furnaces.     1  newsp.,  2  acad. 

P.   3,944. IV.   t.,    Wyoming  co.  Pa. 

Hilly  &  mountainous.  An  eminence 
called  the  Knob,  on  Susqueha.  r.,  rises 

1,150  ft.  above  the  r.     P.  782. V.p-v., 

cap.  of  Preble  co.  0.,  on  St.  Clair's  cr., 
which   here    affords  good   water   power. 

P.   1,000. VI.  p-t.,   Eaton   co.  Mich. 

P.  868. VII.  t.,  Loraine  co.  0.      P. 

764. 

Eatonton,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Putnam  co. 
Ga.     P.  800. 

Eaux-Bonnes  (Les),  a  hamlet  of 
France,  dep.  B.  Pyrenees,  22  m.  S.  Pau, 
frequented  for  its  sulph.  springs. — Saux 
Chaudes  is  a  similar  place  of  resort,  ad- 
jacent to  Eaux-Bonnes. 


kcl] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


2V3 


Eaitx-Viyes,  a  vill.  of  Switzerl'd, 
cant.  Geneva,  on  the  S.E.  shore  of  Lake 
Leman.  ,  P.  1,462. 

Eal'ze,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Frnnce, 
dep.  Gers,  cap.  cant,  on  the  Geliso.  P. 
1,664. 

Ebeltoft,  a  seaport  town  of  Denmark, 
Jijtld.,  on  a  bay  of  the  Cattegat.  P. 
1,100.     It  has  a  small  harbor. 

Ebenfurt,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria, 
24  in.  S.  Vienna,  on  the  Leitha.  '  P.  1,000. 

Ebensburg,  p-b.,  cap.  of  Cambria  co. 
Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  mountains.  P. 
353. 

Eebebach,  a  vill.  of  Baden,  circ.  Lr. 
Rhine,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Neckar.     P.  3,650. 

II.  a  vill.  of  Nassau,  near  rt.  b.  of 

the  Rhine. 

Ebeen,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ.  Lr. 
Franc,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Baunach.  P. 
1,162. 

Ebehsbach,  a  vill.  of  Saxony,  cire. 
Bautzen^  on  the  Bohemian  frontier.  P. 
(1838)  5,620.  It  is  one  of  the  principal 
seats  of  the  linen  manuf.  of  Saxony. 

Ebbeeberg,  a  vill.  of  Upper  Austria, 

on  r.  b.  of  the  Traun.     The   French  de- 

,    feated  the  Austrians  here,  3d  May,  1809. 

' II.   a  vill.  of  Upper   Bavaria,  with 

1,004  inhabs.- III.  a  vill.  of  Wiirtem- 

berg. 

Ebersdorf,  the  name  of  numerous 
villages  in  Germany.  The  chiefs  are — 
I.  a  mkt.  town,  princip.  Eeuss,  with 
1,312  inhabs.,  &  a  fine  residence  of  the 
sovereign  prince.  Here  Napoleon  issued 
his  first  proclamation  to  the  Saxon,?  in 
*'  1806. — II.  KaiseT- Ebersdorf,  a  vill.,  L. 
Austria,  5  m.  S.E.  Vienna.     P.  1,136. 

Ebeksheim,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Rhin.     P.  1,564. 

Eberstadt,  a  market  town  of  Hessen 
Darmstadt,  prov.  Starkenburg.  P.  1,792. 
It  h:is  woollen  manufs.  &  breweries. 

Ebesfalva,  a  royal  free  town  of  Tran- 
sylvanin.     P.  2,900. 

Ebingen,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on 
the  Schniieeha.  P.  4,384.  Manufs. 
woollen  cloths,  hosiery,  &  leather. 

Eblern,  a  vill.  of  Austria,  Styria,  circ. 
Judenbei'g,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Ens.  P. 
600.  It  has  copper  mines  &  foundries, 
producing  annually  from  18,000  to  20,000 
cwt.  copper  pyrites,.  156  cwt.  sulphur,  & 
500  cwt.  vitriol. 

Eboli,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Princip. 
Cit.     P.  4,200. 

Ebeeuil,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  AUier.  cap.  cant.,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Sioule.     P.  1,334. 

Ebeo,  a  river  in  the  N.E.  of  Spain, 
rises  in  the  prov.  Santander,  flows  gen- 
12* 


erally  S.E.,  and  enters  the  Mediterra- 
nean. L.  340  m.  It  is  navigable  from 
Tudela,  but  its  navigation  is  difficult  on 
account  of  its  rapidity  &  the  rocks  in  its 
bed.  &  sev.  canals  have  been  cut  for  its 
improvement. 

Ecaussines,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Hainault,  on  the  Senne.     P.  2,680. 

Eccleshall,  a  market  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  StafiFord.  P.  4,730.  The  town  is 
neatly  built.  Its  church  afFoi'ded  a  sanc- 
tuary to  Queen  Margaret  of  Anjou. 

EcDALLAH,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  dist.  Allahabad,  on  the 
Ganges. 

EcHAUFFOuR,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Orne.     P.  1,705. 

EcHELLEs  (Les),  a  vill.  of  the  Sard, 
sta.,  prov.  Savoy,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Guiers. 
It  is  named  from  the  stairs  which  form- 
erly existed  here,  &  which  have  been  re- 
placed by  a  new  road  cut  in  the  mntn., 
over  a  space  of  1,000  feet,  begun  by  Na- 
poleon, &  'finished  by  the  king  of  Sar- 
dinia in  1817. 

Echmiadzin,  a  town  &  the  ecclesias- 
tical cap.  of  Armenia,  in  the  Russian 
dom.,  prov.  Erivan,  &  25  m.  N.  Mount 
Ararat.  It  has  a  large  fortified  convent, 
comprising  a  magnificent  church,  ba- 
zaars, &c. ;  &  is  the  seat  of  the  Catholi- 
eos,  or  primate  of  the  Armenian  church. 

EcHMiN,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt,  on ' 
r.  b.  of  the  Nile,  with  ruins  of  a  fine  tem- 
ple of  Osiris. 

EcHT,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium, 
prov.  Limbourg.     P.  3,188. 

Echternach,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, prov.  Luxembourg,  cap.  cant.,  on 
the  Sure.     P.  3,726. 

Ecija,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  &  52  m. 
E.N.E.  Sevilla,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Genii.  P.. 
28,370.  Its  vicinity  is  fertile  in  corn  & 
oil,  but  the  town  is  so  hot  as  to  be  called 
the  "  frying  pan  of  Andalucia." 

Eck  (Loch),  a  lake  of  Scotland,  oo. 
Argyle,  between  lochs  Long  &  Fyne. 
Le'igth  7  m. 

EcKARTSBEEGA,  a  tov/n  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  cap.  circ.     P.  1,628. 

EcKERNFOEDE,  a  scaport  town  df  Den- 
mark, amt.  Gottorp,  on  an  inlet  of  the 
Baltic,  prov.  Sohleswig.     P.  3,800. 

EcKMiJHL,  a  vill.  of  Bavaria.,  circ. 
Lower  Bavaria,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Great 
Laber.  Celeb,  for  a  victory  of  the  French 
over  the  Austrians,  22d  April,  1809,  for 
which  D.avoust  was  created  ]?rince  of 
Eckmiihl. 

Eclipse  Island,  W.  Australia,  is  off 
its  S.  coast. 

EcLusE   (L'),    an    important  frontier 


274 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY, 


[edb 


forfc  of    France,    dep.    Ain,    above    the 

Rhone. II.  a  vill.,  dep.  Nord,  arrond. 

<fc  6  m.  S.  Douai,  on  the  Sensee.     P.  1,691. 

III.  the  French  name  of  the  Dutch 

town  Sluys. 

EcOMMoy,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Sarthe,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,243. 

Economy,  p-t.,  Bearer  co.  Pa.  Situated 
on  the  E.  side  of  Ohio  r.  This  singular 
settlement  consists  of  Germans  from 
Swabia,  who,  after  two  removals,  have 
settled  down  in  this  place.  The  v.  is  reg- 
ularly laid  out  on  2  streets,  parallel  to 
the  river,  &  4  crossing  them  at  right 
angles,  &  contains  an  elegant  chui'ch,  a 
wooUen  &  cotton  factory,  of'brick,  1  store, 
a  steam  saw  m.,  of  brick,  a  distillery,  a 
tannery,  a  concert  hall,  museum  of  nat- 
ural curiosities  &  minerals,  a  mathe- 
matical drawing  school  &  library,  100 
dwellings,  &  500  inhabitants.  They  hold 
their  property  in  common,  &  were  found- 
ed by  Mr.  George  Rapp,  who  acted  as 
patriarch  &  priest  of  the  colony.  Prop- 
erty of  the  society  estimated  at  $8,000,000. 
P.  oft.  1,283. 

EcoucHE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Orne,  cap.  cant.,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Orne. 
P.  1,500. 

Ecouht-St.-Quentin,  a  comm.  &  vill. 
of  France,  dep.  Pas-de-Calais.  P.  1,803. 
Manufs.  cloths. 

EcRicoK,  a  town  of  Guinea,  cap.  a 
chiefship,  on  the  Old  Calabar  river,  here 
upwards  of  1  m.  in  breadth,  about  100  m. 
N.  its  mouth ;  houses  of  earth  &  raised 
on  platforms. —  Old  Ecricok  is  much 
higher  up  the  same  river. 

Ecuador  {Equator).  Republic  of,  an 
independent  state  of  S.  America,  mostly 
between  lat.  1°  40'  N.  &  5°  50'  S. ;  &  Ion. 
69°  &  81°  20'  W. ;  having  N.  Now  Gre- 
nada, E.  Brazil,  S.  Peru,  &  W.  the  Paeifie 
ocean.  L.  830  m. ;  br.  510  m.  Area, 
325,000  sq.  m.  Estim.  pop.  600,000.  Its 
W.  part  comprises  the  great  chain  of  the 
Andes,  which  here  attains  nearly  its 
highest  elevation,  in  the  summits  of 
Chimborazo,  Cotopaxi,  Antisana,  Cay- 
ambe.  On  the  E.  the  country  descends 
into  the  vast  central  phiin  of  the  con- 
tinent, &  is  traversed  by  the  upper  course 
of  the  Amazon  &  its  tributaries.  Along 
•the  coast,  from  gulf  of  Guayaquil  to  Cape 
San  Lorenzo,  rain  rarely  or  never  falls. 
Principal  products  are  fruits,  of  both 
tropical  &  temperate  regions  :  wheat  is 
raised  in  the  elevated  plains.  In  the  S. 
extremity  of  the  Andes  are  extensive 
forests,  &  the  Cinchona  bark  trees  are 
common ;  the  plains  yield  wax,  gums, 
resins,  &  sarsaparilla.     Gold  is  abundant 


in  the  sands  of  almost  all  the  rivers. 
Lead  &  quicksilver  are  also  plentiful; 
but  few,  if  any,  mines  are  wrought.  Sul- 
phur is  abundant  near  Chimborazo. 
Woollen  cloths  &  cotton  goods  are  manuf. 
Ecuador  is  divided  into  the  deps.  Quito, 
Guayaquil,  &■  Assuay :  principal  cities 
&  towns,  Quito,  the  capital,  Riobamba, 
Ambato,  Baeza,  Harra,  Otavalo,  Puno, 
Maynas,  Cuenfa,  Loxa,  &  Guayaquil, 
which  last  is  the  great  emporium  of  the 
foreign  trade.  Ecuador,  which  once- 
formed  part  of  the  empire  of  the  Incas, 
was  discovered  by  Pizarro  in  1526,  &  was 
held  under  the  Sj^anish  crown  till  1812, 
when  a  revolution  occurred  which  ended 
in  the  establishment  of  a  free  republic. 
In  1821,  New  Grenada  &  Venezuela 
united,  &  formed  one  republic,  under  the 
name  of  Columbia;  but  this  uuion  was 
dissolved  in  1831,  when  the  countries 
again  separated,  and  Ecuador  disjoined 
itself  from  New  Grenada. 

Edam,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  N.  IloUand,  with  a  port  on  Zuyder- 
Zee.     P.  4,024. 

Eday,  one  of  the  Orkney  Islands,  Scotl. 

Ed-dahmeh,  a  town.  Nubia,  on  the  rt. 
b.  of  the  Nile,  at  the  influx  of  the  Atbara. 

Eddington,  t.,  Penobscot  co.  Me.  P. 
595. 

Eddystone  Lighthouse,  on  the  Eddy- 
stone  rocks,  English  channel,  off  the  coast 
of  Cornwall,  14  m.  SS.W.  Plymouth 
breakwater.  Lat.  50°  10'  54"  N.;  Ion. 
4°  15"  53"  W.  It  was  built  in  1759,  of 
Portland  stone  encased  in  granite,  &  is 
about  100  feet  high,  furnished  with  16 
powerful  argand-burners,  which  give  a 
lixed  light  of  the  first  magnitude. 

Eddyville,  vill.,  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.,  on 
Rondout  r.,  which  affords  good  wat.  power. 

Ede,  a  vill.,  Netherlands,  prov.  Guel- 
derland,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,000.. 

Eden,  a  riv.  of  England,  rising  in 
county  Westmoreland,  &  flowing  through 

Cumberland,  43  m.  into  Solway  firth. 

II.   a  riv.  of  Scotland,  co.  Fife,  flowing,  . 
after  an  E.  course  of  18  m..  into  the  bay 

of  St.  Andrews,  in  the  N.  sea. III.  a 

riv.  of  Scotland,  joins  the  Tweed  after  a 

S.E.  course  of  13  m. IV.  t.;  Hancock 

CO.  Me.  It  has  water  on  three  sides,  with 
fine  harbors.    Chief  industry,  fishing.    P. 

1,054. V.  t.,  Lamoile  co.  A^t.     Given 

to  Col.  Seth  Warner  &  his  revolutionary 
as-ociates.  It  has  a  pond  2  m.  long.  P. 
703.— VI  p-t.,  Erie  co.  N.  Y.   P.  2,494. 

VII.  p-t..  Licking  co.  Ohio.   P.  853. 

VIII.  t.,  Seneca  co.  Ohio.     P.  1,471. 

Edendeery,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  King's  county.     P.  1,850. 


EDi] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


275 


Edenkoben,  a  market  town  of  Rhen. 
Bavaria.  P.  4,900.  It  has  mineral  springs 
&  important  grain  markets. 

Edekton,  a  vill.  of  N.  Carol.,  cap.  co. 
Chowan,  on  a  bay  of  same  name,  con- 
necting with  Albemarle  sound,  66  m.  S. 
Norfolk.  It  has  a  handsome  court-house, 
2  churches,  a  bank,  academy,  &  consid- 
erable sliipping. 

Edeh,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan,  dom. 
Baroda,  &  estimated,  in  1S20,  to  com- 
•prise  2,500  houses. 

Edehn,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Finistere.     P.  1,734. 

Edeenion,  a  beautiful  valley  of  N. 
Wales,  CO.  Merioneth. 

Edfou,  a  vill.  of  Upper  Egypt,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Nile,  consisting  of  a  clus- 
ter of  mud  huts,  around  some  of  the  finest 
ruins  in  Egypt.     P.  2,000. 

Edgar,  E.  co.  of  111.  Area,  600  sq.  m. 
Drained  by  several  creeks.  Fertile  soil. 
Cap.  Paris.  Staple  prod,  wheat,  Indian 
corn,  &  oats,  with  some  sugar.  Tanneries 
&  distilleries.     1  newsp.     P.  10,692. 

Edgarton,  a  port  of  entry  &  cap.  of 
Duke's  county,  Mass.,  on  the  E.  part  of 
Martha's  Vineyard.  The  v.  is  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  harbor.  It  has  a  number  of 
whale  ships.  1  acad.  Some  manufs.  P. 
1,736. 

Edgecombe,  eastern  co.  N.  C.  Area, 
630  sq.  m.  Meuse  riv.  washes  its  S.W. 
border.  Watered  by  Tar  riv.  Cap.  Tar- 
boro.  Staple  prod.  Indian  corn  &  cotton. 
86  distilleries.  1  newsp.  1  acad.  P. 
17,189. 

Edgecumbe  (Mount),  a  picturesque 
hill,  England,  Devonshire,  on  the  Tamar. 

Edgecumbe  (Bay),  E.  Australia,  is  an 
inlet  of  the  Paciiic  ocean. 

Edgefield,  western  dist.  S.  C.  between 
Saluda  &  Savannah  rivs.  Soil  adapted  to 
cotton,  producing  annually  35,000  bales. 
Cap.  Edgefield.  Manufs.  of  cotton  &  lea- 
ther.   2  newsp.    1  acad.    P.  39,262. 

II.  c.  H.  cap.  of  Edgefield  dist.  S.  C,  140 
m.  from  Charleston.     2  acad.     P.  1,200. 

Edgehill,  an  elevated  ridge,  England, 
CO.  Warwick,  7  m.  N.W.  Banbury.  Here 
was  fought,  a.d.  1642,  the  first  battle  be- 
tween Charles  I.  &  the  parliamentary 
forces. 

Edgemont,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.  Pa.  P. 
1,713. 

Edgworth,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
Lancaster.     P.  1,697. 

Edina,  p-v.,  cap.  Scott  co.  Mo.,  on  S. 
Fabins  riv. 

Edinburg,  p-t.,  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  P. 

1,458. II.  p-v.,  Portage  co.  Ohio     P. 

1,085. III.  p-v.,  cap.  Jones  eo.  Iowa. 


Edinburgh,  a  city,  pari,  bor.,  &  the 
metropolis  of  Scotland,  is  situated  on  the 
S.  bank  of  the  estuary  of  the  Forth,  in 
lat.  55°  57'  3"  N. ;  Ion.  3°  1 1'  W. ;  392  m. 
N.  of  London.  P.  158,115.  The  city  is 
most  picturesquely  situated  upon  two 
ridges  of  hills.  Elev.  of  High  street,  at 
Tron  church,  255  ft.;  do.  Register  house, 
217  ft.  The  old  town  occupies  the  more 
elevated  ridge  which  terminates  on  the 
W.  by  the  bold  rocky  eminence  of  the 
Castle  hill  (elev.  383  feet).  Between  the 
old  &  new  town  is  a  deep  ravine,  now 
converted  into  gardens,  &  crossed  on  the 
E.  by  a  spacious  bridge.  The  new  town 
extends  to  the  N.  of  the  old,  &  forms  an 
extensive  parallelogram,  with  wide  & 
straight  streets  intersecting  each  other  at 
right  angles.  The  old  part,  built  on  the 
old  coatinental  system,  are  verv  lofty,  & 
each  story  divided  into  distinct  dwelling 
apartments  ayjiats.  The  castle,  built  on 
a  precipitous  rock,  contains  an  armory, 
<&  the  crown  &  regalia  of  Scotland.  The 
university,  founded  1580,  by  charter  of 
James  VI.,  is  a  noble  institution.  The 
building,  founded  1789,  contains  a  library 
with  90,854  printed  books  &  310  MSS., 
museum  &  class-rooms  for  the  professors, 
who  amount  in  number  to  31.  Annual 
average  of  students  (since  1800)  1,636. 
There  is  also  a  Free  church  college,  & 
a  theological  college  of  United  Presby- 
terians. The  most  remarkable  public 
buildings  of  the  now  town  are  Lord  Mel- 
ville's monument,  139  ft.  high.  Sir  Walter 
Scott's  monument,  the  national  monument 
on  the  Calton  hill,  an  astronomical  ob- 
servatory, general  post-oflice  &  stamp- 
ofiBce.  The  charitable  institutions  are 
numerous  k  well  endowed.  The  princip. 
banking  establishments  are  the  bank  of 
Scotland,  Royal  bank,  British  Linen  co.. 
Commercial,  National,  Edinburgh  and 
Glasgow,  Union  &  Clydesdale,  City  of 
Glasgow,  Western,  &  a  savings'  bank. 
Edinburgh  has  never  been  famous  as  a 
manufacturing  city.  Edinburgh  is  the 
central  point  where  the  great  lines  of 
railway  meet,  &  a  part  of  the  new  town 
is  traversed  by  an  extensive  tunnel  of 
the  Northern  railway.  Simeon  of  Dur- 
ham, writing  in  the  j'ear  854,  mentions 
the  fortress  or  castle  under  the  name  of 
Edwin  esburch,  or  castle  of  Edwin,  prob- 
ably so  called  after  Edwin,  prince  of 
Northumberland.  In  1 128  the  town  re- 
ceived a  charter  from  David  I.  In  1215, 
Alexander  II.,  son  of  William  the  Lion, 
held  a  parliament  here  for  the  first  time. 
After  this  it  frequently  became  the  resi- 
dence of  the  kings  of  Scotland,  &  latterly 


216 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY.  ~ 


the  permanent  seat  of  the  Scottish  par- 
liament, courts  of  justice,  &  executive 
government. 

Edinbukghshire,  or  Mid-Lothian,  is 
situated  in  the  eastern  part  of  the-  S. 
division  of  Scotland,  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  the  firth  of  Forth.  P.  258,824.  The 
greater  part  of  the  co.  belongs  to  the 
coal  formation,  &  coal  is  extens.  wrought. 
The  CO.  is  chiefly  agricultural,  &  farming 
is  conducted  on  the  best  modern  princi- 
ples. 

Edinburgh  (New),  a  seaport  of  S. 
Amer.,  prov.  &  118  m.  E.S.E.  Panama, 
on  the  gulf  of  Darien. 

Edisto,  a  river,  S.  Carolina,  rises  in 
Edgefield  distr.,  &  flowmg  S.E.  &  S.,.  en- 
ters the  Atlantic  by  two  brandhes,  which 
enclose  Edistq.isl.  (12  m.  in  length)  about 
20m.S.W.  Charleston.  The  river  is  nav- 
igable for  100  m. 

Edmeston,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
1,907. 

Edmonson,  central  co.  of  Ky.  Wa- 
tered by  Green  riv.  &  several  crs.  Cap. 
Brownsville.  A  good  agricultural  co. 
P.  4,088. 

Edmonton,  a  fortified  vill.,  British  N. 
America.  Lat.  53°  45'  N.,  Ion.  113°  20' 
W. 

Edolo,  a  vill.  of  Lombardy,  on  rt.  b. 
of  the  Oglio.     P.  2,000. 

Edwards,  S.  Eastern  co.  111.  on  Little 
Wabash  riv.  A  farming  co.  Cap.  Al- 
bion.   P.  3,524. II.  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence 

CO.     P.  956. 

Edward  sviLLE,  p-v.,  cap.  Madison  co. 
111.     It  has  a  U.  S.  land  office  &  1  acad. 

Eegholm  (Great  &  Little),  2  small 
isls.  of  Denmark,  in  the  Great  Belt. 
Eechank,    a    town,     India,    presid. 


Eeckeren,  a  town  of  Belgium,  cap. 
cant.,  prov.  Antwerp.     P.  3,934. 

Eecloo,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Belgium, 
prov.  E.  ]?landers,  on  the  post-road  be- 
tween Ghent  &  Bruges.    P.  9, 1 5 1 . 

Eejmtjt,  a  small  town  of  Scinde,  near 
the  Indus. 

Eel,  riv.,  la.,  a  branch  of  "White. 

Eemnes,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Utrecht,  near  the  Bern.     P.  1,396. 

Eesaughur,  a  town  &,  strong  fort,  Hin- 
dostan,  dom.  Gwalior,  cap.  of  a  per- 
gunnah. 

Efferding,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria, 
near  the  Danube,  with  an  old  stronghold 
of  the  princes  of  Starkemberg.    P.  1,300. 

Effingham,  a  S.-eastern  co.  of  Ga., 
on  Savannah  r.  Cap.  Springfield.  Chief 
produc.  rice  &  cotton.  1  acad.  P.  3^864. 
II.  a  central  county,  111.    Area,  486 


sq.  m.  Drained  by  Little  Wabash  r.  Cap. 
Ewington.    A  good  farming  co.    P.  3,799. 

III.  t.,  Carroll  co.  N.  H.    It  has  large 

ponds  on  its  borders.     P.  1,195.    1  acad. 

Ega,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov.  Para,  on 
r.  b.  of  the  Tefce,  near  the  Amazon. 

Egadi,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Med- 
iterranean, W.  of  Sicily. 

Egea  de  Los  Caballeros,  a  town  of 
Spain,  prov.  Zaragoza.     P.  3,082. 

Egedesminde,  a  dist.  of  N.  Greenland, 
comprising  numerous  islands.  » 

Egeln.  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  on 
the  Bode.     P.  2,800. 

Egelshofen,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland. 
P.  1,000. 

Egensburg,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria, 
circ.  Krems.     P.  1,262. 

Eger,  a  riv.  of  E.  Germany.  A  branch 
of  the  Elbe,  125  m.  long. 

Eger,  a  frontier  town  of  Bohemia,  on 
r.  b.  of  the  Eger.  P.  10,500.  In  its  old 
castle,  in  1634,  the  principal  friends  of 
Wallenstein  were  put  to  death,  while 
Wallenstein  himself  was  assassinated  in 
a  house  in  the  market  ijlace. 

Egerdir,  a  lake  &  town  of  Asia-Minor, 
pash.  Anatolia.  The  lake,  27m.  in  length, 
communicates  at  its  N.  end  with  Lake 
Hoi'ran.  At  its  S.  extremity  is  the  town, 
at  the  foot  of  a  high  clilf.  From  500  to 
600  houses,  all  Turkish. 

Egeri,  a  small  lake  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Zug. 

Egersund,  a  maritime  town  of  Nor- 
way, on  the  strait  which  separates  it  from 
the  small  isl.  of  Egeroe.     P.  1,262. 

Egekszeg,  a  vill.  of  W.  Hungary,  cap. 
circ.,  on  the  Zala.     P.  3,422. 

Egga,  a  large  town  of  Guinea,  on  the 
S.W.  bank  of  the  Niger  (Quorra),  70  m. 
N.N.W.  its  junction  with  the  Chadda. 

EGGENBERG,^a  vill.  of  Styria,  circ.  & 
near  Gratz.     P.  3,516. 

Egg  Harbor  (Great),  r.  &  bay,  N.  J. 

Length  of  riv.  45  m. ;  of  bay,  6  m. II. 

t.,  Atlantic,  N.,  J.  Has  an  extensive 
marsh  on  the  coast.  Contains  several  vil- 
lages.    P.  2,739. III.  (Little),  bay& 

riv.  N.  J. IV.  t.,  Burlington  co.  N.  J. 

Deer  &  grouse  are  found  in  this  town. 
P.  2,020. 

Egin,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pash. 
Sivas,  on  the  Euphrates.  It  stands  in  a 
wooded  ravine. 

Eglinton-Castle,  the  seat  of  the  earl 
of  Eglinton,  Scotland,  co.  Ayr.  It  is  a 
magnificent  modern  Gothic  structure, 
surrounded  by  a  park  of  1,200  acres. 

Eglisau,  a  small  town  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Zurich,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Rhine.  P. 
1,600. 


egy] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


2VY 


Eglon,  an  ancient  city  of  Palestine, 
identified  with  the  village  Ajlan,  pash. 
Gaza. 

Egmond-aan-Zee,  a  marit.  vill.  of  the 
Netherlands,  on  the  N.  sea.     P.  1,338. 

Egmont  (Bay),  an  inlet  of  the  gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence,  N.  America,  on  the  S.W. 

coast   of   Prince   Edward   island. II. 

{Island),   Low  archipelago,    Pacific. 

III.  (Island),  the  largest  of  the  Santa 
Cruz   archipelago,  or  Q.  Charlotte  isls.. 

Pacific.      L.    20  m. ;    br.    10  m. IV. 

(Mount),  an  active  volcano  of  New  Zea- 
land, N.  isl.,  18  m.  S.  New  Plymouth,  & 
rising  to  about  8,840  feet  above  the  sea. 

V.   (Port),  W.  Falkland  isl.,  off  its 

N.  coast. 

Egremont,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Cumberland,  on  the  Ehen.     P.  1,750. 

II.  t.,  Berkshire  co.  Mass.     1  acad. 

P.  1,038. 

Eguilles,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Bouches-du-Rhone.     P.  1,587. 

Eguisheim,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Rhin.     P.  2,149. 

Egypt,  the  Misraim  of  scripture,  & 
Massr  ^f  the  Arabs,  a  country  of  N.E. 
Africa,  bounded  N.  by  the  Mediterranean, 
E.  by  the  isthmus  of  Suez  &  the  Red  sea, 
S.  by  Nubia,  &  W.  by  Bavbary  &  the 
Sahara.  Length,' N.  to  S.,  520  m.  Area 
uncertain.  P.  2,895,600.  Cap.  Cairo. 
The  territory  of  Egj'pt  is  composed  of  a 
long  narrow  valley,  enclosed  by  a  double 
range  of  hills,  which  extend  from  Assouan 
ta  Cairo,  &  traversed  by  the  Nile.  There 
is  a  triangular  space  enclosed  by  two 
branches  of  the  Nile,  having  the  sea  for 
its  base,  &  called  the  Delta,  from  its  re- 
eemblance  to  the  Greek  letter  A.  These 
mntn.  ehains,  which  defend  the  valley  of 
the  Nile  from  the  sands  of  the  surrounding 
desert,  rise  to  a  height  of  about  2,000  ft. 
in  the  vicinity  of  Thebes  ;  in  many  places 
they  are  merely  low  hills  stretching  into 
the  desert.  The  principal  lakes  are  Bir- 
ket-el-Keroun,  Mareotis,  Bourlos,  & 
Menzaleh.  The  climate  of  Egj'pt  is  char- 
acterized by  extreme  dryness.  There  are 
but  two  seasons,  the  temperate,  which 
lasts  from  Oct.  to  March,  &  the  hot  season, 
from  March  to  Sept.  The  heat,  during 
the  day,  is  excessive  in  summer.  With 
the  exception  of  the  oases,  the  fertility  of 
Egypt  is  confined  to  the  valley  inundated 
by  the  Nile,  in  the  Delta,  &  a  space  of 
from  5  to  25  m.  on  the  banks  of  the  river, 
in  Middle  &  Upper  Egypt.  The  Nile 
regularly  inundates  its  valley  for  several 
months  in  the  year.  This  periodic  inun- 
dation commences  in  June,  &  attains  its 
maxinium  height  in  Sept.    Egypt  has  no 


metals,  &  the  only  minerals  are  natron, 
saltpetre,  salt,  marble,  &  the  celebrated 
red  granite  called  "  Syene  miirble,"  em- 
ployed in  the  construction  of  the  pyra- 
mids. The  chief  cultivated  plants  are 
cotton,  lint,  hemp,  indigo,  .sugar,  tobacco,' 
&  opium  ;  the  principal  grains  are  millet, 
mai/e,  wheat  &  rice.  The  manufactures 
of  Egypt  are  almost  entirely  monopolized 
by  the  government.  The  principal  manu- 
factures of  the  natives  are  of  woollen 
cloths,  pottery-ware,  &  carpets.  The 
trade  with  Europe  is  carried  on  through 
Alexandria.  In  1842,  the  total  value  of 
exports  was  estimated  at  1,813,825Z.,  & 
imports  at  2,470,866Z.  The  traffic  with 
the  interior  of  Africa  is  carried  on  by 
means  of  caravans.  The  chief  commer- 
cial relations  with  Arabia  &  India-  are 
carried  on  by  Cosseir  &  Suez.  Egypt 
was  one  of  the  earliest  civilized  countries 
in  the  world.  It  is  believed  that  a  colony 
of  Ethiapians  first  introduced  a  form  of 
religion,  &  the  art  of  cultivating  the  soil. 
The  empire  was  greatly  extended  under 
Sesostris  &  Rameses  ;  it  was  subjugated 
by  Cambyses,  king  of  Persia,  525  b.c. 
For  24  centuries  it  has  been  subjected  to 
foreign  domination,  &  has  fallen  succes- 
sively into  misery  &  ignorance.  It  was 
taken  by  Alexander,  in  332 ;  after  bis 
death  itformed  a  separate  kingdom  under 
the  Ptolemies,  till  the  year  30  b.c.  Au- 
gustus then  reduced  it  to  a  Roman  pro- 
vince. The  Mohammedan  Arabians 
seized  it  in  the  7lh  century.  The  Caliphs 
possessed  it  for  2  centuries.  In  1250  it 
came  into  the  power  of  the  Mamelukes, 
who  were  subjected  to  the  Turks  at  the 
commencement  of  the  16th  century.  The 
French  conquered  it  in  1798 ;  in  1802 
they  were  driven  from  it  by  the  English, 
&  in  1811  MehemetAli  rendered  himself 
master  of  the  country  by  the  massacre 
of  the  Mamelukes.  Egypt  comprises  the 
provinces  of  Sai'd,  or  Upper  Egypt ;  Vos- 
tani,  or  Middle  Egypt ;  &  Bahari,  or 
Lower  Egypt.  These  are  divided  into  7 
intendencies,  which  are  subdivided  into 
departments  &  arronds.  In  the  absence 
of  an  official  census,  the  following  esti- 
mate of  the  pop.  is  based  on  a  recent 
official  return  of  the  number  of  houses, 
allowing  8  persons  to  each  house  in  Cairo, 
&  4  for  the  rest  of  the  country  : — Egyp- 
tian Mussulmans,  2,600,000;  do.  Copts, 
150,000  ;,Osmanli  Turks,  12,000;  Bedwin 
Arabs,  70,000;  Barbaras,  5,000  ;  negroes, 
20,000  ;  Abyssinians,  5,000  ;  Circassian 
&  Georgian  slaves,  5,000;  Jews,  7,000; 
Syrians,  5,000  ;  Armenians,  2,000  ; 
Greeks,  5,000;  Europeans  domiciled  in 


278 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


Egypt,  about  9,500.  The  chief  cities  are 
Cairo  &  Alexandria.  The  largest  pyra- 
mids are  near  G-izeb,  7  m.  S.W".  Cairo, 
but  others  occur  at  intervals  on  &  near 
the  1.  b.  of  the  Nile,  over  a  space  of  70  m. 
Bgypt_  has  a  standing  army  of  1'50,000 
men.  The  fleet  eon.^ists  of  7  ships  of  the 
line,  6  frigates,  with  smaller  armed  ves- 
sels.    There  is  no  public  debt. 

Ehin.gen,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
circ.  Danube.    P.  3,000. 

Ehningen,  a  large  market  town  of 
Wiirtemberg,  circ.  Black  Forest.  P.  5,010. 

II.  vill ,  circ.  Neckar,  on  the  Wuzin. 

P.  1,530. 

EHRENBERff  (Alt  &  Neu),  two  contigu- 
ous vills.  of  Bohemia.  P. :  Alt  2,579  ; 
Neu  1,320. 

Ehrenbreitstein,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  reg.  circ,  &  immediately  oppo- 
site Coblenz.  P.  2,100.  It  is  situated  at 
the  foot  of  a  rocky  mntn.,  468  ft.  in  elev., 
&  thence  called  Ehren.  im  Thak.  The 
Fortress  of  Ehrenbreitstein  covers  the 
rock. 

Ehrenfriedersdorf,  a  town  of  Sax- 
ony, circ.  Zwickau.     P.  2,150. 

Ehrenhausen,  a  town  of  Austria, 
Styria,  circ,  on  the  Vienna  &  Triest 
railway. 

Bheenstetten,  a  market  town  of 
Baden,  circ  Upper  Pihine.     P.  1,564. 

EiBAu  (Alt  &  Neu),  two  contiguous 
vills.  of  Saxony,  circ  Budissin,  on  the 
Rumburger.     P.  4,900. 

EiBELsTADT,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ. 
Lower  Franc     P.  2,000. 

EiBENSCHiJTz,  a  town  of  Moravia,  circ. 
Znaym,  on  the  Iglawa.     P.  3,549. 

EiBENSTOCK,  a  town  of  Saxony.  P. 
4,666. 

EicHHOEN,  a  vill.  of  Moravia,  on  the 
Schwarzawa. 

EiCHSTADT,  a,  town  of  Bavaria,  circ 
Middle  Franc  P.  7,396.  It  has  a  ducal 
residence,  a  cathedral,  a  public  library, 
museums,  &  manufs.  of  eai'thenwares, 
hardwares,  &  woollen  goods,  with  brew- 
eries &  stone  quarries. 

EicHSTETTEisr,  a  market  town  of  Baden, 
circ  Upper  Rhine,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Dreisam. 
P.  2,517. 

Eider,  an  important  riv.  of  Denmark, 
rises  in  Holstein,  &  flows  generally  W. 
to  the  German  ocean.    Length  90  m. 

Eidsvold,  a  town  of  Norway,  amt. 
Aggershuus,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Vermen-Elf. 
It  has  iron  forges,  &  was  the  seat  of  the 
national  assembly,  held  after  the  treaty 
of  Kiel,  January  14,  1814,  by  which  Den- 
mark abandoned  Norway  to  Sweden. 

EiGER,  a  mntn.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 


Bern,  in  the  Bernese  Oberland.     Elev. 
13,045  feet. 

EiGG,  or  Egg  Island,  one  of  the  Heb- 
rides, Scotland,  CO.  Inverness. 

EiKEN,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Aargau,  near  the  Rhine.     P.  1,078. 

EiL  (Loch),  a  lake  of  Scotland,  forming 
the  upper  part  of  Loch  Liunhe,  on  tho 
borders  of  cos.  Argyle  &  Inverness. 

EiLAU  (Deutsch),  a  town  of  Prussia, 
prov.  Yi.  Prussia,  on  the  lake  of  Gens- 
erich.     P.  2,280. 

EiLAu,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov.  E. 
Prussia,  on  the  Pasmar.  P.  2,580.  lb  is 
well  known  for  the  victory  gained  by  the 
French  over  the  Prussians  &  Russians, 
Feb,  8,  1807. 

EiLDON  Hills,  three  conical  peak?  of 
Scotland,  co.  Roxburgh,  pa.  Melrose. 
Elev.  of  the  loftiest,  1,350  ft. 

EiLENBURG,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Saxony, 
reg.,  on  an  isl.  in  the  Mulde.  P.  8,740. 
Luther  preached  here  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  reformation  in  1522. 

EiLSEN,  a  vill.  of  N.  Germaoy,  Lippe- 
Schaumburg,  on  the  Au,  at  the  foot  of 
the  Haarlberg  mntn.  Tt  has  celebrated 
mineral  springs,  &  a  bathing  establish- 
ment. 

EiMBECK,  a  town  of  Hanover,  landrost 
Hildesheim,  on  the  Ilm.     P.  5,867. 

EiMEO,  one  of  the  Society  isls..  Pacific 
ocean. 

Eindhoven,  a  town  of  the  Netherlds., 
prov.  N.  Brabant,  cap.  cant,  on  the  Dom- 
mel.     P.  3,028. 

EiNOD,  a  vill.  of  Austria,  Styria,  with 
mineral  springs.  In  1797,  a  skirmish 
took  place  here  between  the  Austrians  & 
French  under  Messena. 

EiNsiEDEL,  a  vill.  of  N.Hungary,  circ. 
Zips,  on  the  Golnitz.     P.  2,370. 

EiNsiEDELN,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  in 
the  valley  of  the  Sihl.  P.  3,000.  It 
comprises  about  75  inns  &  ale-houses  for 
the  reception  of  pilgrims,  &c. ;  &  owes  its 
origin  to  the  famous  Benedict,  abbey. 
It  is  frequented  by  150,000  pilgrims  an- 
nually. 

EiNURU,  a  town  of  British  India,  presid. 
Madras,  dist.  Canara. 

EiNviLLE,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Meurthe.     P.  1,146. 

Eisenach,  a  town  of  Central  Germany, 
grand  duchy  Saxe- Weimar,  on  the  Hor- 
sel.     P.  9,439. 

EisENEBRG,  a  town  of  Centr.  Germanj', 
Saxe-Altenburg,  duchy  Altenburg.  P. 
4,744. 

EisENERZ,  a  mkt.  town  of  Styria,  circ. 
Briick,  in  an  Alpine  region  at  the  foot 
of  the  Erzberg.     P.  1,500. 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


279 


EisENs'TADT,  a  free  royal  town  of  E. 
Hungary,  near  the  W.  bank  of  Lake 
Neusiedl.  P.  5,700.  It  is  divided  into 
the  town  dist.,  &  the  demesne  of  Prince 
Esterhazy. 

EisFELD,  a  town  of  Central  Germany, 
Saxe-Meiiiingen,  on  the  Werra.   P.  2,796. 

EisGRUB,  a  market  town  of  Moravia, 
circ.  BriiiiD,  on  the  Thaya.     P.  1,954. 

EisLEBEN,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
reg.  Merseburg,  cap.  cire.     P.  8,340. 

Eixo,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov.  Beira, 
near  r.  b.  of  the  Vouga.     P.  3,100. 

Ekatehinbueg,  a  fortified  town  of 
Russia,  cap.  dist.,  gov.  Perm,  on  the  E. 
slope  of  the  Ural  mntns.,  &  on  the  riv. 
Isset.     P.  11,000. 

Ekateeinodar,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Taurida,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Kouban.  It  is 
cap.  dist.  of  the  Cossacks  of  the  Black  sea. 
P.  3,000. 

Ekaterinoslav,  a  fortified  town  of 
New  Russia,  cap.  gov.  of  same  name, 
near  r.  b.  of  the  Dnieper.     P.  13,500. 

Ekeroe,  one  of  the  Aland  isls.,  G.  of 
Bothnia,  immed.  W.  Aland.     L.  12  m. 

Ekhmim,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt,  on 
the  Nile.     P.  3,000. 

Eknao,  a  town  of  Russia,  Finland,  on 
a  fiord  of  the  G.  of  Finland.     P.  1,800. 

Ekron,  an  ane.  town  of  Palestine, 
identif.  with  the  vill.  Akri,  pash.  Gaza, 
23  m.  W.N.W.  Jerusalem. 

El  Araish,  a  fortifd.  seaport  town  of 
Morocco,  on  a  decliv.  near  the  mouth  of 
a  river  in  the  Atlantic.     P.  4,000. 

Elba,  the  largest  isl.  of  Tuscany,  in 
the  Mediterr.,  betw.  Corsica  &  the  coast 
of  Italy,  from  which  it  is  separated  by 
the  channel  of  Piombino.  It  is  of  a  tri- 
angular form,  rounded  on  W.,  coasts 
elevated  &  steep,  deeply  indented  by  7 
gulfs,  which  form  several  good  ports,  the 
best  of  which  is  that  of  Portoferraio,  the 
capital.  L.  Ilk  m.;  br.  2^  to  lOj  m. 
P.  21,020.  By  the  treaty  of  Paris,  1814, 
the  isl.  was  erected  into  a  sovereignty  for 
Napoleon,  &  it  was~his  residence  froul"3d 

May,  1814  to  26th  Feb.  1815. II.  p-t., 

Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  Drained  by  Orchard 
cr.     P.  1,772. 

El-bassan,  a  toAvn  of  Albania,  in  a 
fertile   plain,  on    the  Scombi.     P.  5,000. 

Elbe,  Albis,  an  important  river  of 
Germany,  rises  in  Bohemia,  from  30 
springs,  forms  part  of  the  S.  boundary 
of  Denmark,  &  enters  the  German  ocean. 
Length,  direct  dist.,  395  m. ;  including 
windings,  550  m. 

Eleerfeld,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, cap.  circ,  on  both  sides  of  the  Wup- 
per,  16  m.  B.  Dusseldorf,  with  whitjh  it 


is  connected  by  railw.  This  is  one  of  the 
richest  &  most  important  manufacturing 
towns  in  Germany.  P.  35,100.  It  has 
5,500  families,  &  160  great  houses  en- 
gaged in  manufs.  Its  chief  business  is 
in  dyeing,  printing,  &  cloth- weaving.  It 
has  70  dyeing  estabs.,  10  bleaching- 
grounds,  6  cotton-spinning  factories,  &  1 
woollen  mill. 

Elbert,  N.E.  county,  Ga.,  between 
Savannah  &  Broad  rivers.  Area,  560 
sq.  m.  Capital,  Elberton.  A  good  cot- 
ton county;  affords  some  silk  cocoons.     4 

acads.     P.   12,951. II.  p-v.,   cap.    of 

Elbert  co.     2  acads. 

Elbe-teinitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on 
r.  b.  of  the  Elbe. 

Elbeuf,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
cap.  cant.,  dep.  Seine  Inf.,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Seine.  P.  16,010.  It  is  celebrated  for 
its  manufs.  of  cloth. 

Elbing,  a  seaport  town  of  E.  Prussia, 
34  m.  E.S.E.  Danzig,  cap.  circ,  on  the 
Elbing,  5  m.  from  its  mouth  in  the  Fris- 
che  Haff.  P.  20,000.  It  consists  of  an 
old  town,  a  new  town,  &  suburbs.  Trade 
extensive,  &  about  500  vessels  are  em- 
ployed. 

Elbingerode,  a  t.  of  Hanover,  landr. 
Hildesheim,  in  the  Harz.     P.  3,051. 

Elbogen,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  1.  b. 
of  the  Eger.     P.  2,000. 

Elbridge,  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y., 
with  the  Erie  caqal  on  its  N.,  &  Utica  & 
Albany  r.  r.  on  its  S.  border.  A  fine  acad. 
P.  3,924. 

Elburg,  a  town  of  the  Netherl.,  on  the 
Zuyder-Zee,  40  m.  E.N.E.  Amsterdam. 
P.  2,000. 

Elche,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Alicante, 
P.    18,068.     It  is  enclosed  by  walls,   & 

has  wholly  an  Oriental  appearance. 

II.  (E.  de  la  Sierra),  prov.  Albacete,  on 
the  Segura. 

Elchingen,  a  vill.  of  Bavaria,  circ. 
Swabia,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Danube.  Celeb, 
for  a  victory  of  the  French  over  the  Aus- 
trians,  14th  Oct.  1805,  which  procured 
for  Marechal  Ney  the  title  of  duke  of 
Elchingen. 

Elda,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Alicante, 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Elda.     P.  3,846. 

Eldagsen,  a  town  of  Hanover,  princip. 
Kalenberg.     P.  2,210. 

Eldena,  a  Till,  of  Prussian  Pomera- 
nia. 

Elderslie,  a  vill.  of  Scotland,  co.  Ren- 
frew. P.  1,086.  This  is  the  ancient  patri- 
mony &  supposed  birth-place  of  Sir  W. 
Wallace,  in  whose  family  it  remained 
until  the  last  century. 

El  Dorado,  county,  California. 


280 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[eli 


Elena  (St.),  a  point  &  maritime  \iU. 
of  S.  America,  Ecuador,  dep.  Guayaquil, 
point  St.  Elena;  &  the  vill.  ou  the  bay 
of  St.  Elena,  30  m.  S.E. 

Elephant  Bay,  S.W.  Africa,  Bengvie- 
la,  is  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic. — {Island), 
Senegambia,  in  the  (xambia  river,  ICO 
m.  from  its  moutli.     It  is  very  popcl  ms, 

6  on  it  the  French  formerly  had  fort  Po- 
dor. — (Rive?-),  S.  Africa,  Cape  Colony, 
enters  tlie  Atlantis  afi er  n  course  of  140  m. 

Elephanta,  a  small  isl.  of  Eiifisli  In- 
dia, presid.  &  in  the   harbor  of  Bombaj', 

7  m.  S.W.  the  city.     It  is  6  m.  in  circ. 
Elephantine,  an  isl.  of  Upper  Egypt, 

in  the  iNile,  opposite  Assonan  (Syene). 

Eleusis,  an  ancient  &  famous  city  of 
Greece,  the  remains  of  which  e.xist  near 
lifipsina,  gov.  Attica,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Sarandaporo,  in  the  G.  of  ..Egina. 

Eleuthera  Koyal  Island  &  Keys, 
one  of  the  Bahama  isls.,  W.  Indies. 
Length,  80  m. ;  breadth,  10  m.    P.  2,568. 

Eleutheeopolis,  an  ancient  city  of 
Palestine,  identified  with  Beit-Jibrin,  a 
vill.,  pash.  Gaza. 

Elfdalen,  a  vill.  of  Sweden,  72  m. 
N.W.  Fahlun.     P.  2,700. 

Elfeld,  a  town  of  Central  Germany, 
duchy  Nassau,  cap.  dist.  Rheingau,  on 
the  Rhine.     P.  2,234. 

Elfsboeg,  a  fortress  of  Sweden,  jqow  a 
prison,  on  the  Kattegat. 

Elgae,  an  islet  Orkney,  Scotl.,  S.  of 
Shapinsay. 

Elgg,  a  vill.  of  Switzerl.,  cant.  Zurich. 
P.  3,000.       . 

Elgin,  an  ancient  city  of  Scotland,  cap. 
CO.  Moray  or  Elgin,  on  the  Lossie,  108 
m.  N.  Edinburgh.  P.  6,336.  It  is  famous 
for  its  cathedral. 

ELGiOB.'iR,  a  to-ivn  of  Spain,  prov.  Gui- 
puzcoa,  on  the  Deva.     P.  2,035. 

El-Hayz,  a  small  oasis  in  the  Libyan 
desert.     Lat.  2S°  8'  N.,   Ion.  28°  53'"  E. 

El-IIelleh,  a  vill.  of  Upper  Egypt, 
prov.  Keneh.  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Nile,  opp. 
Esne. 

Eliangoody,  a  large  &  populous  vill. 
of  British  India,  presid.  Madras. 

Elias  (Mount  St.),  the  name  of  many 

summits  in  Greece,  &c. 1.  Morea,  gov. 

Laconia,  in   Maina.     Height,  7,829  feet. 

• II.  near  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the 

isl.  Euboea.     Height,  4,607  feet. III. 

isl.    Ceos. IV.  isl.    Melos. V.   isl. 

Pares,    Grecian    archip. VI.    Santa 

Maura,  Ionian  isls.     Height,  3,000  feet. 

. VII.    a  volcanic    mountain   of  N. 

America,  forming  a  part  of  the  bound- 
ary between  the  British  &  Russian  terri- 
tories.   Lat.  60°  18'  N.,  Ion.  140°  30'  W. 


Estimated  height,  17,860  feet.  It  is  said 
to  be  perceptible  120  m.  oif  ac  sea. 

Ens,  a  dep.  of  the  kingdom  of  Greece, 
on  the  jST.W.  coast  of  the  Morea.  Chief 
town  Pj'rgos. 

Elisabetgrad,  a  fortified  town  of  S. 
Russia,  on  the  Ingul.     P.  10,000. 

Blisabethstadt,  a  royal  free  town 
of  Transj'lvania,  on  the  Kiikiillo.  P. 
4,000. 

Elisabetopol,  a  fortified  town  of 
Georgia,  cap.  prov.,  90  m.  S.E.  Teflis.  P. 
l->,000. 

Elizabeth,  town,  Essex  co.  N.J.,  on 
Newarli  bay  &  Staten  Island  sound.     P. 

5,583. II.  town,  Alleghany  co.   Penn. 

III.   p-v.,  in   the    above  town. 

IV.  town,  Lancaster  co.  Pa. V.  town, 

Lancaster   CO.  0.     P.     1,540. VI.  t, 

Miami  co.  0.     P.    1,381. VII.   p-v., 

cap.  of  .Tackson  co.  Ark.  on  AVhite  r. 

VIII.  {Fort],  Cape  Colony,  on  the  W. 
side  of  Algoabay,  &  the  most  frequented 
seaport  along  the  S.  coast  of  Africa.- 

IX.  {River),  Virginia;  it  flows  N.W., 
25  m.,  into  the  estuary  of  James  river, 
its    month  forming  the    fine  harbor   of 

Norfolk. X.   {Cape),    Maine,  at  the 

S.W.  entrance  of  the  bay  of  Casco.    Lat. 

43°  33'  N.,  Ion.  70°  10' W. XL  {Cape), 

Chinese  empire,  is  the  N.  e.xtremity  of 

Sagalin  isl.,   in  the  sea  of  Okhotsk. 

XII.  {Cape),  Russian  America,  E.  of  the 

entrance  to  Cook  inlet. XIII.  {Island), 

or  Henderson's   isl..   Pacific,  in  lat.  24° 

21'  S.,  Ion.  128°  18'  W. XIV.  Islands, 

Mass  ,  consist  of  16  small  islands  between 
Buzzard's  bay  &  Vineyard  sound. 

Elizabeth  City,  E.  county,  Va.  Area 
64  sq.  m.  It  was  one  of  the  8  original 
shires  into  which  Va.  was  divided  in  1634. 
It  has  Hampton  roads  on  the  S.  &  Chesa- 
peake bay  on  the  E.     Level  &  fruitful. 

Cap.  Hampton.    2  acad.      P.  4,586. 

II.  p-v.,  cap.  Pasqiiotank  co.  N.  C,  on 
Pasquotank  riv.,  20  m.  from  its  mouth. 
It  has  river  &  canal  communication  with 
Norfolk,  Va.  &  intermediate  places.  Ex- 
ports shingles,  staves,  pitchpine  &  lum- 
ber.    P.  2,000. 

Elizabethport,  p-v.,  Essex  co.  N.  J., 
on  Staten  Island  sound.  Steamboat 
communication  with  N.  Y. 

Elizabethtown,  p-t.,  cap.  Essex  co. 
N.  Y.  .The  Clinton  range  runs  through 
it.  Elev.  1,500  ft.  Excellent  iron  ore  is 
found.     V.  is  on  Boquet  r.     1  acad.    P. 

1,635. II.  p-b.,  Essex  co.  N.  J.,  on  cr. 

of  same  name,  2§  m.  from  its  entrance 
into  Staten  Island  sound.  It  is  a  place 
of  considerable  wealth  &  some  business. 
Pv  2,500. III.  p-v.,  cap.  Marshall  co. 


m- 


elm] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


281 


Va.,  on  Grave  cr.  Here  are  very  ex- 
tensive ancient  tumuli,  scattered  over  a 
larwe  plain,  consisting  of  one  mainmounc', 
106  it.  high,  &  400  yards  in  circumference, 
surrounded   by  a  ditch,   &   encompassed 

by  other  similar  &  smaller  mounds. 

IV.  p-v.,  cap.  Hardin  co.  Ky. — V.  p-v., 

cap.    Bladen  co.  N.  C. VI.   p-v.,  cap. 

^Carter  co.  Tenn. VII.  p-v.,  cap.  Har"^ 

din  CO.  111. 

Elizondo,  a  town  of  Spain,  ISTavarra. 
P.  1,100. 

El-Jemm,  avill.of  Barbary,  dom.Tunis. 

Elk,   river,    Md.,  navigable,  15   m.  to, 

Elklon. II.  r.,  Ala.,  joins  the   Tenn. 

river,  near  Muscle  sboal.s. 

El-Kab,  Eilethyas,  a  town,  Upper 
Egypt,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Nile.  ; 

.El-Kasr,  a  large  vill.  of  Upp.  Egypt. 

Elk  Creek,  p-t.',  Venango  co.  Pa.    P. 

785. II.  town,   Athens  en.  Ohio.     P. 

1,261. III.  p-t.,  Erie  CO.  Pa.  P.  1,645. 

Elk  Fork,  tovvn.  Van  Buren  co.  Mo. 
P.  360. II.  town,  Pettis  co.  Mo.  P.  454. 

Bl-Khaegeh,  a  town,  Upper  Egypt, 
cap.  the  Great  Oasis.     P.  6,000. 

Elkhart,  INT.  co.  la.  Area  460  sq.  m. 
Watered  by  St.  Joseph's  &  Elkhart  rs. 
Cap.  Goshen.  It  yields  the  common 
agricultural  prod.  &  150  pounds  of  silk 
cocoons.  Tanneries,  distilleries  &  pot- 
teries.    P.   12,690.- II.  r.,  Ia.,br.  St. 

Joseph's. 

El  Khatif,  a  maritime  town,  Arabia, 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  gulf  of  Bahrein. 

Elkhorn,  r.,  br.  of  the  Ky ,  30  m. 
long. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Walworth  CO.  Wis. 

Elkland,  p-t.,  Tioga  co.  Pa.     P.  710. 

Elk  Lick,  p-v.,  Somerset  co.  Pa.  P. 
.1,495. 

El-Kos,  a  river  of  Morocco,  prov.  Fez, 
enters  the  Atlantic  at  El-Araish,  after  a 
N.W.  course. 

El-Kosh,  a  market  town  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  Kurdistan,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Sote  mountains,  30  m.  N.  Mosul.  P. 
3,000. 

Elk  Ridge  Landing,  p-v.,  Anne 
Arundel  co.  Md.,  on  Patapsco  r.  7  m  from 
Baltimore.  The  Washington  branch  r.  r. 
here  crosses  the  r.  over  a  viaduct  700  ft. 
long,  &  58  ft.  above  the  r.,  on  8  granite 
arches.     P.  1,000. 

Elkton,  p-v.,  tap.  of  Cecil  co.  Md.,  at 
the  junction  oT  the  2  main  branches  of 

Elkr.     P.  1,128. II.  p-v.,   cap.  Todd 

CO.  Ky. 

Ellh.  a  riv.  of  France,  enters  the  At- 
lantic 30  m.  S.W.  Quimper,  after  a  S. 
course  of  38  m. 

Ellejay,  p-v.,  cap.  of 'Gilmer  co.  Ga. 
1  acad. 


P. 

p-t.,    Chautauque  co.  N.  Y. 


Ellenbueg,  p-t.,  Clinton  co.  N.  Y. 
1,504. 

Ellery 
P.  2,242. 

Ellbsmere,  a  market  town  of  Eno- 
land  &  Wales,  cos.  Flint  &  Salop.  P. 
7,081. 

Ellice  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  on 
a  coral  reef,,  surrounding- a  lagoon  in  the 
Pacific,  discov.  1819.  Lat.  8°  30'  S.; 
Ion.  179°  13'  E.     P.  250. 

Ellichpoor,  a  city  of  India,  Nizam's 
dora. 

Ellicott,  t.,  Chautauque  co.  N.  Y. 
Some  manufs.     P.  3,523. 

Ellicottsville,    p-t.,  cap.  of  Catta- 
raugus CO.  N.  Y.     The  v.  is  on  Great  Val- 
ley cr.     The  t.  has  one  newsp.     P.  1,726. 
Ellingen,   a   town  of  Bavaria,   circ. 
Mid'lle  Franc,  on  the  Rezat.     P.  1,329. 
Ellington,  t.,   Tolland  co.  Conn.      1 

acad. -II.  p-t.,   Chautauque  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  2,001. 

Elliot,  t.,  York  co.  Mo.     P.  1,889. 
Ellisburg,   p-t.,   Jefferson  co.  N.  Y., 
on   Lake   Ontario.     It  has   a  small  v.  on 
Sandy  cr.     Some  manufs.     P.  5,524. 

Ellis  Island,  in  N.  Y.  harbor,  off  the 
mouth  of  Hudson  r. 

Ellisville,  p-v.,  cap.  Jones  co.  Miss., 
on  a  branch  of  the  Pascagoula. 

Ellore,  a  considerable  town  of  British 
India,  presid  Madras. 

Ellrich,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony. 
P.  2,600. 

Ellsworth,  p-t.,  cap.  of  Hancock  co. 
Me.     The  v.  is  on  Union  r.     1  acad.     P. 

4,009. II.  t.,  Grafton  co.  N.  H.     P. 

300. III.  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.  0.     P. 

988. IV.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Wright  co.  Mo. 

Ellwangen,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
cap.  circ.  Jaxt,  on  the  Jaxt.     P.  2,938. 

Elm,  a  pa.  &  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Glaris.     P.  1,013. 

El  Masarah,  a  vill.  of  Egypt,  prov. 
Ghizeh,  opposite  the  site  of  aricient 
Memphis. 

El  Metemneh,  a  town  of  Nubia,  on 
1.  b.  of  the  Nile. 

Elmina,  a  town  &  fort,  cap.  of  the 
Dutch  possessions,  on  the  Guinea  coast, 
Africa.  The  fort  is  in  lat.  5°  4'  45"  N. 
p.  10,000  blacks. 

Elmira,  p-t.,  cap.  of  Chemung  co. 
N.  Y.  The  V.  on  Chemung  r.  his  exten- 
sive water  power.  Chemung  canal  ter- 
minates here.  Exports  lumber.  Ma- 
nufs.    P.  8,166. 

Elmore,  p-t.,  Lamoile  co.  Vt.  Iron 
ore  here.     P.  476. 

Elmshorn,  a  town,  Denmark,  Hol- 
stein,  on  the  Elbe.     P.  5,600. 


282 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY, 


[emb 


Elmunchilly,  a  vill.  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Madras,  in  a  valley. 

Elnbogen,  a  town  of  Bohemia. 

Elnb,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Pvren.  Orient.,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Tech.  P. 
2,303. 

El-Obeid,  the  cap.  town  of  Kordofan 
in  Africa,  in  a  plain.     Estim.  P.  30,000. 

El  Oos,  an  isl.  &  town  in  the  Eu- 
phrates, Asiatic  Turkey.  The  isl.  is  1 
m.  in  length,  with  500  houses,  &  some 
mosques. 

Elora,  a  vill.  of  Hindostan,  Nizam's 
dom. 

Elorrio,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Bis- 
cay.   P.  2,280. 

Eloy  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Puy-de-Dome,  is  an  exten.  coal 
basin,  the  mines  of  which  furnish  ann. 
40,000  quintals. 

Elphin,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireld.,  Con- 
naught,  CO.  Roscommon.     P.  1,551. 

El  Rosario,  a  town  of  Mexican  con- 
federation, dep.  Sinaloa.     P.  5.000. 

Elsdon,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl.,  co. 
Northumberland. 

Elsfleth,  a  mkt.  town  of  Oldenburg, 
on  the  Weser,  at  the  influx  of  the  Hunte. 
P.  2,000. 

Elsinborough,  t.,  Salem  co.  N.  J.  P. 
526. 

Elsinore,  a  seaport  town  of  Denmark, 
isl.  Seeland,  on  its  B.  coast,  at  the  nar- 
rowest pai-t  of  the  sound,  24  m.  N.  Co- 
penhagen. Lat.  56°  2'  11"  N.;  Ion.  12° 
36'  49"  E.  V.  8,000.  Here  the  sound- 
dues  are  levied  from  all  merchant  ships, 
except  Danish  &  Swedish,  passing  into  or 
out  of  the  Baltic,  which  perform  quaran- 
tine in  a  roadstead. 

Elson's  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Arctic 
ocean,  Russian  America. — Elson  Isl.  in 
the  Pacific  is  one  of  the  Gambler  isls. 

Elster,    2   rivers   of  Germany 1. 

(White),  rises  in  Voigtland.  flows  N.,  & 

joins  the  Saale.     Length  110  m. II. 

(Black),  rises  in  i5axony,  flows  N.W.,  & 
joins  the  Elbe.     Length  105  m. 

El&teeberg,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circ. 
Zwickau,  on  1.  b.  of  the  White  Elster. 
P.  2,379. 

Elsterwerda,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxonj,  reg.  on  the  Black  Elster.  P. 
1,442. 

Elswick,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  North- 
umberland.    P.  1,789. 

Elterlein,  a  mining  town  of  Saxony, 
circ.  Zwickau.     P.  1,910. 

Eltmann,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ.  Lr. 
Franc,  on  the  Mayn.     P.  1,392. 

Elton,  a  salt  lake  of  Russia,  70  m.  E. 
of  the  Volga.      Area   130  sq.  m.      Up- 


wards of  100,000  tons  of  salt  are  obtained 
annually  from  its  waters. 

Eltsch,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  Go- 
mor.     P.  4,500. 

El-Tyh,  so  called  because  it  was  the 
place  of  the  40  years'  sojdurn  of  the  He- 
brews in  the  desert,  between  the  gulfs  of 
Suez  &  Akabah,  &  Egypt  &  Palestine. — 
The  Wady-el-Tyh,  or  "valley  of  the 
wandering,"  is  in  Middle  Egypt.  ' 

Elvan  Water,  a  small  affi.  of  the 
Clyde,  Scotl.,  co.  Lanark. 

Elvas,  a  forlif.  frontier  city  of  Portu- 
gal, prov.  Alemtejo,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Gua- 
diana.     P.  16,460. 

Elven,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan,  cap.  cant.     P.  3,320. 

Elwy,  a  riv.  S.  Wales,  co.  Glamorgan, 

joins  the   Severn  at  Pennarth. II.  a 

riv.,  N.  Wales,  co.  Denbigh,  falling  into 
the  Clwyd  at  St.  Asaph. 

Ely  (Isle  of),  a  dist.  of  Engl.,  co. 
Cambridge,  lying  north  of  the  centre  of 
the  CO.,  from  the  rest  of  which  it  is  sep- 
arated on  the  S.  by  the  Ouse.     P.  61,610. 

Ely,  a  city  &  episc.  see  of  Engl.,  cap: 
of  above  isl.,  on  the  navig.  Ouse,  72  m. 
N.E.  London,  on  E.  Counties  railw.  P. 
6,825.  Houses  mostly  anc.  The  cathe- 
dral, chiefly  built  betw.  the  reigns  of  Wm. 
Rufus  &  Edward  III.,  exhibits  a  singular 
yet  imposing  combination  of  the  Saxon, 
Norman,  &  Gothic  styles.  It  is  535  ft. 
in  length  by  190  ft.  in  the  transept;  has 
an  elegant  octagonal  central  tower,  & 
many  interesting  monuments.  Trinity 
Church,  founded  in  1321,  is  a  beautiful 
structure.  Ely  is  governed  by  a  custos- 
rotulorum,  &  is  the  only  city  in  Engl, 
which  sends  no  mem.  to  H.  of  C.  P.  22,- 
896. 

Elyria,  p-t.,  cap.  Lorain  co.  0.  It 
contains  one  of  the  pleasantest  villages 
in  0.     P.  1,482.     ^ 

Elyton,  p-v.,  cap.  Jefferson  co.  Ala. 

Elz,  a  riv.,  S.W.  Germany,  Baden, 
joins  the  Rhine  20  m.  S.  Strasbourg. — 
The  Elza  is  a  riv.  of  Tuscany,  joining  the 
Arno  hear  Empoli  after  a  N.W.  course 
of  35  m. 

Elze,  a  town  of  Hanover,  near  the 
Saale.     P.  2,035. 

Emanuel,  eastern  co.  of  Ga.,  on  Ogee- 
ehee  r.  Area  1,100  sq.  m.  Cap.  Swains- 
boro.     Chief  produce,  cotton.     P.  4,577. 

Emba,  a  riv.  of  Central  Asia,  forming 
apart  of  the  boundary  between  the  Russ. 
gov.  Orenburg,  &  tHh  Kirghis  territ. 
(indep.  Turkestan),  enters  the  gulf  of  " 
Emba  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  the  Cas-  -' 
plan  sea,  after  a  S.W.  course,  estimated 
at  250   m.,  where  it   expands   into   nu- 


!Ng] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETrEEB. 


283 


merous  shallow  lakes,  &  has  valuable 
fisheries. 

Embden,  p-t.,  Som'erset  c6.  Me.,  on 
Kennebec  r.     P.  983. 

Embomma,  a  t.  of  Africa,  Lr.  Guinea, 
Congo,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Zaire. 

Embrun,  a  comni.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Alpes,  cap.  aiTond.,  on  r.  b.  of  the 
Durance.     P.  2,209. 

Emden,  a  seaport  town  of  Hanover, 
landr.  Aurich,  on  the  Doliart.  P.  11,907. 
The  port,  consisting  of  an  outer  &  two 
inner  harbors,  is  shallow;  but  the  road- 
stead is  deep  enough  for  vessels  of  any 
size.     Emden  is  a  free  port. 

Emenabad,  a  town  of  tha  Punjab,  35 
m.  N.  Lahore. 

Emilion  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Gironde.     P.  3,000. 

Emineh,  a  cape  of  European  Turkey, 
forming  the  termination  of  Mt.  Balkan  in 
the  Black  sea. 

Emly,  a  small  market  &  episcopal 
town,  Ireland,  Munster.     P.  650. 

Emmaus,  an  anc.  town  of  Palestine, 
supposed  to  be  the  vill.  Amwas,  pash. 
Gaza,  on  a  conical  hill. 

Emmen,    two   rivers    of    Switzerland. 

1.  (Great),  cant.  Bern,  branch  of  the 

bar,    45   m.  long. II.    (Little),   cant. 

Lucerne,  30  m.  long. 

Emmendingen,  a  town  of  Baden,  circ. 
Upper  Rhine,  on  the  Elz.     P.  2,000. 

Emmerich,  a  walled  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  reg.  Dusseldorf,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Rhine.     P.  6,380. 

Emmett,  t.,  Calhoun  co.  Mich.  P. 
647. 

Emmettsburg-,  p-v.,  Frederic  co.  Md. 
2  m.  distant  from  the  v.  is  Mount  St. 
Marv's  college,  under  the  direction  of 
the  Roman  Catholics.     P.  800. 

Empoli,  a  town  of  Tuscany,  province 
W.  Florence,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Arno.  P. 
5,500. 

Ems,  a  quiet  watering  place  of  Nas- 
sau, on  the  Lahn,  15  m.  N.  Wiesbaden. 
P.  1,800. II.  a  river  of  N.W.  Ger- 
many, rises  in  Prussian  Westphalia,  & 
joins  the  North  sea  by  an  estuary,  be- 
tween the  Netherlands  &  E.  Friesland, 
after  a  course  of  160  m. 

Emsworth,  a  small  maritime  town  of 
England,  co.  Hants,  on  an  arm  of  Chi- 
chester harbor.     P.  1,165. 

Enahe,  a  larsre  lake  of  Russian  Lap- 
land, about  Lit.  69°  N.,  Ion.  28°  E.  Area 
685  sq.  m.  It  contains  numerous  islands, 
&  communicates  with  the  Arctic  ocean  by 
the  Patsjoki  river. 

Ei-TAREA,  a  country  of  N.E.  Africa, 
Abyssinia.     Nearly  all  the  coffee,  &  a 


large  proportion  of  the  slaves  &  ivory 
brought  through  Abyssinia  to  be  sent  to 
the  marts  N.  &  E.,  are  from  this  country. 
Principal  town,  Saka. 

Encina-Sola,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Huelva.     P.  3,441. 
JSncounter  Bay,  S.  Australia. 
ICndava,   a  riv.  of  S.  Amer.,   N.  Gre- 
nada, joins  the  Orinoco  near  the  influx 
of  the  Meta. 

Bnde,  a  seaport  town  of  the  Malay 
archip.,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  isl.  Flores. 

Endeavor  (River),  E.  Australia, 
enters  the  Pacilic. — (Strait),  N.  Austra- 
lia, is  between  Cape  York  &  Wolf  Isl., 
E.  of  the  gulf  of  Carpentaria.  Breadth 
8  miles. 

Enderby  Land,  a  considerable  extent 
of  territory  in  the  Antarctic  ocean,  lat. 
67°  30'  S.  Ion.  50°  E. 

Enderi,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  the  Cau- 
casus. 

Endermo,  a  port  of  Japan,  on  the  S. 
coast  of  the  isl.  Jesso. 

Endingen,  a  town  of  Baden,  circ. 
Upper  Rbine,  betw.  Rhine  &  the  Baden 
railw.     P.  3,000. 

Endor,  a  vill.  of  Palestine,  pash.  Acre, 
on  the  W.  declivity  of  Mt.  Hermon. 

Endrick,  a  small  river  of  Scotland. 

Enfield,  t.,  Hartford  co.  Conn.,  on  the 
N.  line  of  the  state.  An  extensive  car- 
pet fac.  in  its  v.  Thompsonville.  There 
is  a  Shakers'  settlement  in  this  t.,  various 

manufs.     P.  4,460. II.  t.,  Penobscot 

CO.  Me.     P.  346. III.  I,  Hampshire 

CO.  Mass.  p.  976. IV.  p-t.,  Tomp- 
kins   CO.   N.   Y.      Various  manufs.     P. 

2,340. V.   a  mkt.  town  of  England, 

CO.  Middlesex,  on  the  London  &  Cam- 
bridge railw.     P.  9,367. 

Engadine,  an  extensive  valley  of 
Switzerland,  cant.  Grisons.  Length  S.W. 
to  N.E.,  45  m. ;  average  width  1|  m. 
Elevation  5,753  feet  above  the  sea.  P. 
10,000. 

Engano,  an  isl.  of  the  Malay  archip., 
off  the  S.W.  coast  of  Sumatra.  It  is 
about   30  m.  in   circuit,   rather  lofty,  & 

well  wooded. II.  an  isl.,  off  the  N. 

coast  of  Papua.  Lat.  2°  28'  S.,  Ion. 
135°  E.  L.  15  m.;  br.  5  m.— — III.  a 
cape,   at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  the  isl. 

Luzon  (Philippines). IV.  the  most  E. 

cape  of  Hayti. 

Engelberg,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Unterwalden,  3,284  feet  in  eleva- 
tion, with  1,500  inhabs. 

Engelhardszell,  a  town  of  Upper 
Austria,  on  the  Danube.     P.  1,100. 

Engelholm,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden, 
on  the  Ronne  Aa.     P.  1,088. 


284 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[eng 


Engelsbehg,  a  town  of  Austrian  Sile- 
sia, circ.  Tioppau.     P.  2,200. 

Engen,  a  town  of  Baden,  circ.  Lake, 
on  the  Aach.  P.  1,472.  The  French  de- 
feated the  Austrians  here,  3d  May,  1800. 

Enger,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westpha- 
lia.    P.  1,560. 

Enghien,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Hainault,  cap.  cant.     P. -3,742. 

England,  is  the  largest  &  most  popu- 
lous portion  of  Great  Britain,  compris- 
ing the  S.  part  of  the  island,  between 
lat.  50°  &  55°  46'  N.,  &  Ion.  1°  45'  E.,  & 
5°  45'  W.,  having  N.  Scoiland,  E.  the 
German  ocean,  S.E.  &  S.  the  English 
channel,  separating  it  from  Belgium  & 
France,  &  W.  the  Atlantic  ocean,  the 
Bristol  channel,  Wales,  &  the  Irish  sea. 
Li  from  Berwick  to  the  Land's  End  430 
m ;  br.  E.  to  W.  varies  from  67  to  320  m. 
The  surface  is  elevated  in  the  N.  &  W., 
a  region  in  the  centre  gently  undulating  ; 
&  along  the  eastern  shores,  extending 
into  alluvial  plains  &  low  lying  marsh 
ground.  The  principal  summits  are  in 
the  N.,  where  Scafell  rises  to  an  eleva- 
tion of  3,166  feet,  Helvellyn  to  3,055  ft. 
Principal  rivers  are  the  Severn,  Medway, 
Dee,  Mersey,  on  the  W.  coast;  &  the 
Thames,  Trent,  Humber,  Tyne,  on  the 
E.  Lakes  are  mostly  cunfined  to  Cum- 
berland, Westmoreland,  &  Lancashire, 
where  are  Winder-Mere,  UUeswater, 
Derwent,  Bassenthwaite,  &  Conistone 
Waters.  England  is  divided  into  40 
counties.  Total  area  50,387  ?q.  m.  P. 
16,911,656.  Estates  &  farms  vary  very 
much  in  size  ;  but  throughout  the  major 
part  of  the  country,  landed  property  is 
very  much  divided;  &  2001.  has  been 
loosely  estim.  as  the  average  value  of 
estates.  Agriculture  in  general  is  in  a 
high  state,  &  in  some  of  the  B.  counties 
it  has  attained  great  superiority.  Wheat 
is  the  principal  crop,  especially  in  the  E. 
&  S.E.  COS.:  barley  is  raised  chiefly  in 
the  central  cos.,  &  oats  in  the  N.,  though 
they  are  cultivated  more  or  less  in  all 
parts  of  the  country.  A  full  half  of  the 
cultivable  lands  are  estim;ited  to  be  in 
meadows  &  pasturage;  &  hay  forms  an 
important  crop,  for  which  Middlesex  & 
the  adjacent  cos.  are  especially  famous. 
The  stock  of  horses  (in  England  &  Wales') 
has  been  lately  estimated  at  1,500,000; 
2-3ds  of  whicli  are  employed  in  farm  la- 
bor. Horned  cattle  are  estimated  at 
4,000,000,  l-4th  of  which  stock  is  an- 
nually slaughtered.  The  number  of 
shfeep  has  been  estimated  at  26,000,000. 
Total  annual  produce  of  wool  in  Eng- 
land,   has   been    estimated    at    470,000 


packs,  of  240  lbs.  each  (upwards  of 
1,000,000  cwt.).  England  is  generally 
well  wooded,  &  62,620  ac.  of  royal  forest 
lands  are  enclosed  for  the  growth  of 
timber.  The  fisheries,  though  they  have 
never  been  chief  sources  of  national 
wealth,  are  highly  important  in  some 
localities.  England  is  indebted  fur  the 
high  rank  she  holds,  in  a  great  degree, 
to  her  extraordinary  mineral  wealth. 
The  abundant  supplj'  of  coals  obtained 
in  Lancashire,  W.  Yorkshire,  Northum- 
berland, Durham,  Staffordshire  &  War- 
wickshire, have  rendered  those  cos.  the 
seats  of  the  largest  &  most  flourishing 
manufs.  in  the  vi'orld.  Manufs.  are  in 
the  greatest  variety.  By  far  the  most 
important  are  those  of  cotton  goods,  the 
great  seat  of  which  is  S.  Lancashire,  & 
it  is  estimated  that  cotton  fabrics  &  yarn 
to  the  value  of  35,000,000Z.  are  annually 
produced  in  England,  by  the  manufac- 
ture of  which  from  1,000,000  to  1,200,000 
individuals  derive  their  support.  Next 
in  importance  to  the  manuf.  of  woven 
fabrics  is  that  of  hardwares:  ihe  total 
annual  value  of  the  hardwares  produced, 
is  estimated  at  17,000, OOOZ. ;  &  the  leath- 
er manuf.  is  estimated  to  employ  in  all 
nearly  234,000  hands,  &  to  produce  goods 
to  the  value  of  13,000,000Z.  a  year.  Ex- 
tensive sugar  refineries,  distilleries,  & 
breweries,  are  established  in  all  the 
larger  commercial  towns  ;  &  the  London 
breweries  are  estimated  to  supply  an- 
nually from  1,800,000  to  2,000,000  bar- 
rels of  porter.  Ship-building  is  a  most 
extensive  &  important  branch  of  indus- 
try. Internal  communication  is  effected 
by  numerous  navigable  canals,  &  in  every 
direction  by  the  best  turnpike  roads  in 
any  country  in  the  world  ;  but  both  these 
means  of  trafBc  have  been  in  a  great 
part  superseded  by  a  most  extensive 
series  of  railways,  which  already  extend 
like  a  net-work  over  the  greater  part  of  ' 
the  kingdom.  London,  though  placed 
near  one  extremity  of  the  island,  is  the 
great  centre  of  the  principal  railways. 
The  gross  customs  duties  received  at  all 
the  ports  of  England  in  1846,  amounted 
to  18,198,730/.;  &  the  shipping  register- 
ed as  owned  at  the  same  ports  in  1847, 
consisted  of  18,119  vessels,  aggregate 
burden  2,397,587  tons.  Ecclesiastically, 
the  country  is  divided  into  the  two  provs. 
or  archbishoprics  of  Canterbury  &  York. 
There  are  10,718  parishes  or  parochial 
benefices,  the  incumbents  of  which  enjoy 
an  aggregate  revenue  of  about  3,250,0()0Z. 
annually.  The  cos.  are  territorial  di- 
visions, some  of  which  were  established 


ih 


epe] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER, 


286 


during  the  heptarchy.  Besides  parishes, 
the  COS.  are  generally  sub-divided  into 
hundreds  &  tithings,  &  pa.  unions. 

Englewood-Forest,  a  wide  moor  in 
England,  co.  Cumberland,  near  Carlisle. 

English  Bazar,  a  town  of  Br.  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  on  the  Mahanuddy. 

English  Channel,  that  portion  of  the 
Atlantic  which  separates  Great  Britain 
from  France,  extending  from  Dover  strait 
to  Land's  End,  Cornwall.  Width  at  Dover, 
20  m. ;  at  Land's  End,  102  m. ;  greatest 
width,  155  m. 

English  (Company's  Islands),  a 
group  off  the  N.  coast  of  Australia.  Lat. 
12°  10'  S. ;  Ion.  136°  35'  E.-^Co»e,  a  bay 
on  the  S.W.  coast  of  New  Ireland,  Pacific. 
— Harbor,  S.  coast  of  the  isl.  Antigua,  is 
one  of  the  best  harbors  in  the  W.  Indies. 

II.  Central  America,  Costa  Rica,  on 

the  Pacific. — River,  an  estuary  in  Dela- 
goa  bay,  S.E.  Africa. 

Enguera,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.'&  47 
m.  S.W.  Valencia.     P.  5,751. 

Enkhuysen,  a  seaport  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  cap.  cant.,  on  a  peninsula 
in  the  Zuyder-Zee.     P.  4,988. 

Enkioping,  a  town  of  Sweden,  near 
Lake  Mselar.     P.  1,253. 

Enk]rch,  a  vill.  of  llbenish  Prussia, 
reg.  Coblenz,  on  the  Moselle.     P.  2,090. 

Ennaska,  one  of  the  Fox  isls.  N.  Pa- 
cific ocean.     Lat.  52°  40'  N. 

Enneda,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  on  the 
rt.  b.  ofthe  Linth.     P.  2,129. 

Ennel,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  Leinster,  eo. 
Westmeath. 

Ennerd ALE- Water,  a  lake  of  Eng- 
land, c6.  Cumberland.    L.  2J  m. ;  b.  |  m. 

Ennezat,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Puy-de-DOme.     P.  1,516. 

Ennis,  a  market  town  of  Ireland,  cap. 
CO.  Clare,  on  the  Fergus.     P.  9,318. 

Enniscorthy,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  co.  Wexford.     P.  7,016. 

Enniskillen,  a  thriving  market  town 
of  Ireland,  Ulster,  cap.  co.  Fermanagh, 
mostly  built  on  an  isl.,  on  the  river  con- 
necting Upper  &  Lower  Lough  Erne.  P. 
of  town,  5,686. 

Ennistrahul,  a  small  isl.  off  the  N. 
coast  of  Ireland,  Ulster  co.  Donegal. 

Ennistymon,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  co.  Clare,  on  a  small  river  of 
same  name,  near  its  mouth  in  Liscanor 
bay.     P.  2,089. 

Ennoree,  a  br.  of  Broad  river,  S.  C. 

Enns,  a  river  of  Austria,  rises  in  the 
circ.  Salzburg,  flows  E.  &  enters  the  Dan- 
ube.    L.  112  m. 

Enns,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  circ. 
Traun,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Enns,  near  its  junc- 


tion with  the  Danube.     It  has  3,400  in- 
habitants. 

Enoee,  a  vill.  of  British  India,  presid. 
Madras,  on  the  bank  of  a  salt  lake. 

Enos,  a  seaport  town  of  European 
Turkey,  prov.  Rumili,  on  the  .3ilgean  sea, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Maritza,  in  the  gulf 
of  Enos.  P.  7,000.(']) 
.  Enosburg,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.  Vermont. 
Adapted  to  grazing.  Some  manufs.  1 
acad.     P.  2,022. 

Enschede,  a  frontier  town  of  the 
Niatherlands,  prov.  Overyssel.     P.  5,000. 

Ensenada  de  Barragon,  a  bay  & 
vill.  of  the  Plata  confed.,  dep.  &  30  m.  S.E. 
Buenos  Ayres,  in  the  estuary  ofthe  Plata 
river. 

Ensisheim,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Rhin,  on  the  111.     P.  2,590. 

Ensival,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Liege,  on  the  Vesdre.     P.  2.720. 

Entrague,  a  vill.  of  the  Sard,  sta., 
prov.  Coni.     P.  3,147. 

Entraigues,  the  name  of  several 
comms.,  towns,   &  vills.  of  France;  the 

principal  being 1,  in   dep.   Aveyron, 

Espalion,  on  the   Lot.     P.  1,806. II. 

3  vills.,  deps.  Isere,  Neivre,  &  Vaucluse. 

Entrecasteaux,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep  Var.     P.  2,187. 

Entre-deux-Mers,  a  vine  country  of 
France,  dep.  Gironde. 

Entre  Rios,  a  dep.  of  the  Plata  Con- 
fed.,  S.  America,  between  the  rivers  Uru- 
guay &  Parana.  Estimated  area,  32,000 
sq.  m.     P.  150,000.(7) 

Entkevaux,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Alpes,  cap.  cant.,  on  a  height  near 
the  Var.     P.  1,704. 

Entry  Island,  an  island  off  the  W. 
coast  of  New  Zealand,  N.  island,  in  Cook 
strait. 

Enyed  (Nagy),  a  town  of  Transyl- 
vania, cap.  circ,  near  the  Maros.  P. 
5,448. 

Enz,  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  in  the 
Schwarzwald,  flows  N.E.  &  E.,  &  joins 
the  Neckar.     L.  55  m. 

Enzeli,  a  seaport  town  &  a  lake  of 
Persia,  prov.  Ghilan  ;  the  town,  on  a  low 
spit  of  land  between  the  Caspian.  Esti- 
mated p.  2,500.  The  lake,  about  25  m. 
in  length  E.  to  W.,  communicates  with 
the  Caspian,  immediately  E.  Enzeli,  by 
a  channel  500  yards  across.  It  forms 
the  port  of  Enzeli. 

Enzersdorf,  a  small  fortified  town 
of  Lower  Austria,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Danube. 

EooA,  one  of  the  Friendly  isls..  Paci- 
fic ocean.     Circuit  about  30  m. 

Epaignes,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Eure.     P.  2.317. 


286 


CYCiOP-^DIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[em 


Epehy,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Soinme.     P.  2,019. 

Epeeies,  a  roj'al  free  town  of  Hungary, 
cap.  circ.  Saros,  on  the  Tarcza.  P.  8,600. 

Epernay,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Marne,  near  1.  b.  of  the  Marne.  P. 
5,926. 

Epernon,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Eure- 
et-Loir.     P.  1,553. 

Eppig,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Bas-Rhin.     P.  1,946. 

EPHEsuSf  a  famous  ancient  city  of  Asia- 
Minor,  Anatolia,  the  ruins  of  which  exist 
on  the  banks  of  the  Mendere,  near  its 
mouth  in  the  gulf  of  Seala.  Its  remains 
comprise  a  magnificent  theatre,  a  sta- 
dium 687  feet  in  length,  ancient  walls  & 
towers  of  the  Greek,  Eoman,  &  Byzan- 
tine periods,  &  in  a  marshy  tract  the  tra- 
ces of  a  vast  edifice,  apparently  those  of 
the  celebrated  temple  of  Diana,  or  of  a 
church  subsequently  erected  on  its  site. 
Bphesus  was  anciently  the  cap.  &  one  of 
the  twelve  cities  of  Ionia,  &  had  one  of 
the  seven  Christian  churches  founded  by 
the  Apostles. 

Ephratah,  p-t.,  Fulton  county,  N.  Y., 
drained  by  branches  of  the  Mohawk  riv. 

Various  manufs.     P.  2,080. II.  p-t., 

Lancaster  co.  Pa.  It  was  founded  by  a 
singular  sect  from  Germany,  called  Tun- 
kers.     P.  2,083. 

Epidauhus,  a  seaport  vill.  of  Greece, 
Morea,  gov.  Argos,  on  the  gulfof  ^gina. 

Epila,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the  Jalon. 
P.  3,152. 

Epinac,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  SaOne-et-Loir.     P.  1,630. 

Epinal,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
cap.  dep.  Vosges,  on  both  sides  of  the  Mo- 
selle.    P.  9,583. 

Epinay,  name  of  several  flomms.  & 
vills.  of  France,  the  principal  being  in 
dep.  Seine. 

Epirus,  a  CO.  of  European  Turkey,  in 
the  S.  of  Albania. 

Epping,  a  market  town  of  England,  co. 
Essex.     P.  2,424. 

Epping,  town,  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. 
P.  1,235. 

Bppingen,  a  town,  Baden,  circ.  Midd. 
Rhine,  on  the  Elsenz.     P.  3,237. 

Eppstein,  a  vill.  with  a  mini,  spring. 
P.  346. 

Epsom,  a  town  of  England,  co.  Surrey, 
14  m.  S.W.  London.  Epsom  is  famous 
for  its  medical  spa,  but  chiefly  for  its 
races,  which  are  attended  by  from  300,- 
000  to  400,000  persons. 

Epworth,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Lincoln. 

Equality,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Grallatin  co. 


111.,  on  Saline  cr.    Salt  manufa.  in  the 
vicinity.     P.  794. 

Erbach,  a  town  of  Hessen-Darmstadt, 
prov.  Starkenburg,  cap.  co.,  on  the  Mim- 
ling.     P.  2,078. 

Erce,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 

Ariege.     P.  1,236. II.  {en  Lamee),  a 

vill.,  dop.  Ille-et-Vilaine.     P.  3,040. 

Ercsi,  a  vill.  of  Hungary,  co.  Stuhl- 
weissenburg,  rt.  b.  of  the  Danube.  P 
3,296. 

Erdeven,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan.     P.  3,002. 

Erding,  a  town  of  Upper  Bavaria,  20 
m.  N.B.  Munich.     P.  1,826. 

EedQd,  a  town  of  E.  Hungary,  circ. 
Szathmar.     P.  1,670. 

Erdee,  a  river  of  France,  dep.  Loire 
Inf.,  joins  the  Loire  at  Nantes,  45  m.  1. 

Erech,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  Bundel- 
cund,  on  the  Betwah. 

Eregli,  a  seaport  town  of  Asia-Minor, 
on  the  Black  sea.  It  has  300  houses.  Ex- 
ports timber,  silk,  &  wax  ;  imports  colo- 
nial produce,  tobacco  &  iron.  It  was 
anciently  of  considerable  importance,  & 
here    10,000   Greeks,   under   Xenophon, 

embarked  on  their  return  to  Greece. 

II.  a  town,  pash.  Karamania,  at  the  N. 
foot  of  the  Bulghar  Tagh,  consisting  of 

about  800  poor  houses. III.  a  seapt. 

town,  European  Turkey,  Rumili,  on  the 
sea  of  Marmora. 

Eretz,  a  fortified  town  of  Russian 
Transcaucasia,  district  Shirvan,  near  the 
Kur. 

Erfurt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
cap.  reg.,  on  the  Gera.  P.  26,640.  The 
university  founded  here  in  1392,  was 
closed  in  1816,  &  the  pharmicenic  insti- 
tute was  abolished  in  1828.  Erfurt  has 
an  academy  of  sciences,  museums,  •  bo- 
tanic garden,  &  a  public  library  of  15,- 
000  vols.  Erfurt  has  an  extensive  manu- 
facture of  shoes. 

Eriboll  (Loch),  an  arm  of  the  sea,  N. 
coast  of  Scotland,  co.  Sutherland. 

Ericeira,  a  maritime  town  of  Portu- 
gal, prov.  Estremadura,  near  the  Atlan- 
tic.    P.  2,550. 

Bright  (Loch),  a  lake  of  Scotland, 
cos.  Perth  &  Inverness.  L.  14  m. ;  b.  1  m. 
Prince  Charles  Edward  found  refuge  here 

after  the  battle  of  CuUoden. II.  a  r., 

E.  of  county  Perth,  flowing  into  the  Isla, 
after  a  course  of  17  m. 

Erie  (Lake),  one  of  the  five  great 
lakes  of  N.  America,  having  N.  Upper 
Canada,  &  on  other  sides  the  states  New 
York,  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  &  Michigan. 
L.  240  m. ;  b.  60  m.  Area,  9,600  sq.  m. 
Height  of  its  level  above  the  sea,  565  ft., 


EEZ] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


287 


being  16  foet  below  the  level  of  Lake 
Huron,  &  333  feet  above  that  of  Lake 
Ontario.  It  is  less  deep  than  any  of  the 
other  great  lakes,  being  on  an  average 
84  feet  in  depth.  Near  its  W.  end  are 
several  groups  of  isls.  A  battle  was 
fought  near  its  W.  end,  Sept.  10th,  1813, 
between  the  American  fleet,  under  Com- 
modore Perry,  &  the  English  fleet,  in 

which   the    latter   was   captured. II. 

Western  county,  N.  Y.,  on  lake  of  same 
name.  Area,  876  sq.  m.  Cap.  Buffalo. 
An  important  agricultural  co.  Chf.  pro- 
ducts, wheat  &  potatoes.  Exten.  manuf. 
of  woollens,  leather,  earthen  &  iron  wares. 

P.  101,093. III.   N.W.  county,    Pa., 

on  Lake  Erie.  Area,  720  sq.  m.  Cap. 
Erie.  Produces  wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
sugar,   &  hops.      Considerable     manufs. 

P.  38,742. IV.  N.  CO.  Ohio,  bounded 

on  Lake  Erie.  Area,  150  sq.  m.  Cap. 
Huron,  drained  by  Huron  &  Vermilion 
rivers.  A  fair  agricultural  co.  Vari- 
ous manufs.     P.  18,568. V.   port  of 

entry  &  cap.  Erie  co.  Pa.  on  Presque  Isle 
bay.  Lake  Erie.  A  place  of  considerable 
business.     3  acad.     4  newsp.     P.  5,858. 

Erin,  p-t.,  Chemung  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
1,833. 

Erino-Kastro,  avill.  of  Greece,  gov. 
Thebes,  on  the  slope  of-  Mount  Zagros. 

Erisay,  &  Eeiskay,  two  islets  of  the 
Hebrides. 

Erivan,  a  town  of  Russian  Armenia, 
cap.  prov.,  on  the  Zengui.  P.  11,284. 
Erivan  is  proverbial  for  excellent  fruits. 
It  has  some  manufs.  of  cotton  stuffs, 
leather,  &  earthenware  ;  is  a  station  for 
caravans  from  Teflis  &  Erzoroum  ;  &  has 
considerable  trade  with  Russia  &  Turkey. 

Erkelenz,  a  town  of  Rhenish-Prussia, 
circ.  Aix-la-Chapelle.     P.  2,070. 

Erkenek,  a  vill.  &  pass  in  Mount 
Taurus,  Asiatic  Turkey  ;  the  pass  is  45 
m.  N.E.  Someisat,  on  the  Euphrates,  elev. 
3,828  feet  above  the  sea. 

Erlangen,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ. 
Middle  Franc,  near  the  Regnitz.  P. 
10,630.  It  is  walled,  &  divided  into  an 
old  &  new  town. 

Erlau,  a  fortified  town  of  Hungary, 
cap.  CO.  Heves,  on  the  Erlau.  P.  19,800. 
It  is  the  seat  of  a  large  trade  in  fine  red 
wines  raised  in  its  vicinity.  It  has  also 
manufs.  of  woollen  &  linen  fabrics. 

Eelenbach,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Bern,  on  the  Simmen  riv.    P.  1,187. 

Ermatingen,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Thurgau,  on  the  Uhtersee.  P.  1,584. 

Ermeland,  an  old  div.  of  Poland. 

Ermenonvillb,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Oise. 


Ermesleben  a  town  of  Pruss.  Saxony. 
P.  2,290. 

Ermont,  a  station  on  the  Great  Nor- 
thern railway  of  Erance. 

Ermsleben,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, on  the  Selke.     P.  2,296. 

Erne,  a  river  &  two  celebrated  lakes 
of  Ireland,  Ulster.  United  length  of  the 
two  lakes  &  their  connecting  river,  about 
60  m. 

Ernee,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Mayenne,  cap.  cant.,  on  an  aflBuent 
of  the  Mayenne.     P.  3,577. 

Ernsthal,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circ. 
Zwickau.     P.  2,700. 

Erringden,  a  township  of  England, 
CO.  York,  W.  Riding.     P.  2,221. 

Erris,  a  maritime  district  or  barony 
of  Irel.,  Connaught,  cp.  Mayo.  P.  26,428. 

Errishead,    a   lofty  promontory   in 

this  district,  forms   the  AV.  point  of  the 
bay  of  Broadhaven. 

Erroad,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 
MadraS;  on  the  Coleroon  river. 

Errol,  t.,  Coos  CO.  N.H.     P.  104. 

Erroob,  a  small  marit.  town  of  British 
India,  presid.  Madras. 

Ersek-ujvar,  a  market  town  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  Neutra,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Neutra. 
P.  6,785. 

Erstein,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Bas-Rhin,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  111.  P. 
3,357. 

Eetraag-oe,  an  isl.  of  Norway,  40  m. 
N.E.  Christiansand.    L.  &  br.  12  m.  each. 

Ertveldb,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov. 
E.  Flanders.     P.  3,060. 

Ervy,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Anbe.     P.  1,821. 

Erzberg,  a  celebrated  mining  district 
of  Styria,  circ.  Bruck.  The  mkt.  town 
of  Eisenerz  lies  at  the  foot  of  the  Erz- 
berg mntn. ;  &  here  for  upwards  of  1,000 
years,  extensive  iron  mines  have  been  in 
operation.  These  yield  annually  300,000 
cwt.  of  the  best  iron. 

Erzen,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pash. 
Diarbekir,  on  the  Erzen  river. 

Eezengan,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
pash.  Erzeroum,  in  a  fine. plain  on  the 
Euphrates.  It  is  said  to  comprise  3,000 
houses. 

Erzeroum  (Pashahc  of),  one  of  the 
great  subdivisions  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
comprising  the  major  part  of  Turkish 
Armenia.  It  is  a  lofty  table-land ;  ele- 
vation estimated  at  6,000  feet. 

Erzeroum,  the  principal  city  of  Ar- 
menia, Asiatic  Turkey,  cap.  above  pash., 
in  a  plain  on  the  Kara  riv.,  or  W.  branch 
of  the  Euphrates,  from  5,500  to  6,000 
feet  above  the  sea,  30  m.  long  &  20  m. 


288 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[esm 


broad.  P.  40,000.  Elevation  6,100  feet. 
It  is  partly  enclosed  by  a  wall  30  feet 
high,  &  has  an  extensive  citadel.  Streets 
narrow,  filthy,  &  infested  with  dogs.  Er- 
zeroum  has  an  extensive  trads  viith  all 
the  adjacent  countries,  &  is  a  cliief  halt- 
ing station  for  caravans  going  from  Te- 
heran to  Mecca. 

Erz-gbbirge,  a  mntn.  chain  of  S.  Ger- 
many.  Total  length  about  120  m. ;  av. 
br.  25  m. ;  av.  height  2,500  feet,  but  the 
Schwartzwald  rises  to  4,590  feet. 

Escala  (La),  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Gerona,  with  a  fishing  port  in  the  Medi- 
terranean.    P.  2,295. 

EscALONA,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Toledo,  on  the  Alberche.  P.  500.  Nearer 
Toledo  is  Escalonill,  a  vill.  with  2,094 
inhabs. II.  a  market  town,  prov.  Se- 
govia.    P.  1,098. 

Escambia,  r.,  rising  in  Ala.,  &  flowing 

into  a  branch  of  Pensacola  bay. II. 

W.  county,  Fla.,  bounded  S.  by  the  gulf 
t)f  Mexico.  Area,  600 sq.  m.  Cap.  Pen- 
sacola. Various  manufs.  1  newsp.  2 
acad.     P.  4,351. 

EscATRON,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Za- 
ragoza.     P.  2,263.' 

EscHENBACH,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ. 

Upper  Palat.     P.   1,800. II.    a  vill., 

circ.  Middle  Franc. III.  a  vill.  of  Swit- 
zerland, cant.  Lucerne. 

EscHERSHAusEN,  a  vill.  of  Brunswick, 
circ.  Holzminden,  on  the  Lenne.  P. 
1,070. 

EscHMUNEiN,  a  vill.  of  Cent.  Egypt, 
prov.  Minieh,  cap.  arrond.,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Nile.  ^ 

EscHOLTZ  Bay,  an  inlet  of  Kotzebue 
sound,  Behring  strait,  Ptussian  America, 
near  the  Arctic  circle. 

BscHWEGE,  a  walled  town  of  Hessea- 
Cassel,  prov.  Lower  Hessen,  on  the  Werra. 
P.  6,042. 

EscHWEiLER,  a  town  of  Rhen.  Prussia, 
reg.  circ,  on  the  railway  thence  to  Co- 
logne.    P.  7,884. 

EscONDiDO,  the  name  of  several  har- 
bors in  America,  &c. 1.  Cuba,  on  its 

S.  coast,  60  m.  E.Santiago. II.  Co- 
lombia, Venez,  dep.  Zulia,  prov.  Coro,  on 
the  N.  coast  of  the  peninsula  Paraguana. 

III.  New  Granada,    dep.    Isthmus, 

prov.  Cauca,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  bay  of 

Panama. IV.  gulf  of  California. 

V.  Yucatan,  at  the  N.B.  extremity  of 
Lake  Terminos. 

EscoRiAL  DE  Abajo,  a  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Madrid.  P.  1,326.  It  is  remark- 
able for  the  celebrated  monastery  & 
palace  of  the  Escurial  in  its  vicinity. 

EscoRiAzA,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  St. 


Sebastian,  with  mineral  springs,  on  the 
Deva.     P.  1,761. 

EscuDO  DE  Veragua,  a  river  dividing 
Central  from  S.  America,  flows  into  the 
Caribbean  sea,  opposite  the  isl.  Escudo, 
after  a  course  of  15  m.  Lat.  of  Escudo 
island  9°  N.,  Ion.  81°  30'  W. 

Escuintla,  a  town  of  Centr.  America, 
on  the  Pacific.     P.  2,500. 

Esdraelon  (Plain  of),  a  famous  plain 
of  Palestine,  between  Mounts  Carmel  W., 
&  Hermon  &  Gilboa  E. 

EsENs,  a  town  of  Hanover,  landr. 
Aurieh,  near  the  N.  sea.     P.  2,218. 

EsGuiERA,  a  vill.  of  Portugal,  prov. 
Beira.     P.  2,900. 

EsHER,  a  pa.  of  England,  co.  Surrey, 
15  m.  S.W.  London.  P.  1,261.  The  royal 
palace  of  Claremont  in  this  pa.,  was  built 
by  the  great  Lord  Clive.  It  was  the 
resid.  of  Louis  Philippe,  after  his  abdi- 
cation, 1848. 

EsHTEMOA,  an  anc.  town  of  Palestine, 
pash.  Damascus. 

EsiNO,  a  riv.  of  Italy,  Pontif.  states. 
Length  40  m. 

EsK,  a  beautiful  lake  of  Ireland,  Ulster. 

Ac.  976. II.  a  mntn.  range,  Munster, 

botw.  cos.  Cork  &  Ke'rry. III.  a  river 

of  Engl.,  CO.  Cumberland.     L.  20  m. 

IV.  several  rivers  of  Scotland. — 1.  co. 
Dumfries.— 2.  (North),  co.  Eorfar,  rises 
in  the  Grampians,  &  flows  32  m.  into  the 
German  ocean. — 3.   (South),  co.  Forfar. 

L.  36  m. ;IV.  (North  &  South),  two 

rivs.  of  Tasmania,  Van  Diemen's  Land. 

EsKE,  a  riv.,  Engl.,  co.  York,  N.  riding. 

EsKi  (signifying  "old"),  a  Turkish 
prefix  of  the  names  of  numerous  towns. 

1.  (E.  Adalia),  the  ruins  of  the  anc. 

Side,  Asia- Minor. II.  (E.  Andaval), 

IDash.  Koniah,  famous  in  antiquity  for  its 

breed  of   horses. III.  (E.  Baba),   a 

vill.  of  European   Turkey,   Rumili. 

IV.  (E.  Djuma),  a  town,  Bulgaria. 

V.  (E.  i>eA;Zi),_Rumi!i,  on  the   sea  of 

Marmora. E.  Stamboul  is  the  anc. 

Alexandria  Troas. 

EsKi-HissAR,  2  ruined  cities  of  Asia- 
Minor,  Anatolia.— — I.  (anc.  Laodicea). 
11.  (StratoniccBa). 

EsKiLSTUNA,  a  to^vn  of  Sweden,  on  the 
Hielmar.     P.  2,486. 

Eski-Sagra,  a  town  of  Europ.  Turkey, 
prov.  Rumili,  on  the  S.  slope  of  the  Bal- 
kan mntns.     P.  20,000.  (?) 

Eski-Shehr,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia. 

Esmerelda,  a  riv.  of  S.  Amer.,  Ecua- 
dor, rises  near  Quito,  flows  N.W.,  & 
enters  the  Pacific,  after  a  course  of  110 
m.    At  its  mouth  is  a  vill.  of  same  name. 


1.4' 


ess] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


289 


II.  a  mission  settlement  of  Venezue- 
la, dep.  A  on  the  Orinoco. III.  {Ser- 

ra),  a  mntn.  chain  of  Brazil,  between  the 
Bo'^e  &  Belmonte  river.?.     L.  170  m. 

E'sNE,  the  principal  commercial  town 
of  Upper  Egypt,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Nile,  25 
ni.  S.  Thebes.  It  stands  on  a  mound  of 
debris,  30feet.in  height,  &  is  the  entrepot 
for  the  Sennaar  caravans.  It  has  manufs. 
of  cotton  shawls,  pottery,  a  cotton  spin- 
ning factory,  &  a  Copiio  monastery. 

Eso,  an  isl.  of  Dalmatia,  in  the  Adri- 
atic.    L.  7  m. 

Esopus,  p-t.,  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  Manufs. 
of  cottons.     P.  2,900. 

EsFADAciNTA,  a  frontier  town  of  Por- 
tugal, prov.  Tras-03-Montes,  on  rt.  b.  of 
the  Douro. 

EsPAiN  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Indre-et-Loire.     P.  2,128. 

EsPALiON,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aveyron,  on  the  Lot.     P.  2,487. 

EsPARRAGUERA,  a  town  of  Spain,  Cat- 
alonia, prov.  Barcelona,  on  the  Llobregat. 
P.  2,366. 

EsPEJo,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Cordova, 
on  the  Salado.     P.  5.284. 

EsPELETTE,  a  comm.  &  ■cill.  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Pyrenees.     P.  1,500. 

EspERA,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Cadiz, 
on  the  Guadalete.     P.  1,577. 

EsPERANCE  (Bay),  an  inlet,  S.  coast 
of  Australia. — (Cape),  N.W.  coast  of  the 
isl.  Guadalcanal,  Solomon  group,  Pacific 
ocean. 

EspERAZA,  a  coram.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aude,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Aude.    P.  ,1,403. 

EspicHEL  (Cape),  Portugal,  on  the 
Atlantic. 

EspiEL,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Cordova, 
near  1.  b.  of  the  Guadiato.     P.  1,088. 

EspiERRE,  a  vill.,  Belgium,  prov.  W. 
Flanders. 

EspiNHACA  (Serro  do),  an  extensive 
mntn.  chain  of  Brazil.  It  contains  rich 
diamond  mines. 

EspiNOsA-DE-Los-MoNTEROS,  a  town 
of  Spain,  prov.  Burgos,  near  1.  b.  of  the 
Trueba.  P.  2,298.  Victory  of  the  French 
over  the  Spaniards,  November,  1808. 

EspiEiTU  Santo,  a  small  marit.  prov. 
of    Brazil.      Cap.   Victoria.     P.   40,000. 

Soil  adapted  to  the  culture  of  sugar. 

II.  (Espiritu  Santo),  the  former  cap.  of 

the  above  prov.     P.  1,000. III.  the 

largest  &  most  W.  of  the  New  Hebrides 
isls..  Pacific  ocean.     L.  65  m.;  br.  20  m. 

IV.  a  cape,  Tierra  del  Fuego.     Lat. 

52°  38'  S.,  Ion.  68°  37'  W. V.  a  town 

of  Cuba,  near  the  centre  of  the  isl.     P. 

9,484. VI.  a  vill.  of  Spain,  prov.  Ba- 

dajoz. VII.  an  isl.  of  the  gulf  of  Cali- 

13 


fornia,   30   m.   N.  La  Paz. VIII.  a 

group  of  the  Bahama  isls. IX.  a  bay 

of  the  Florida,  on  its  W.  coast. X.  a 

large  bay  of  Texas. 

EspiTA,  a  town  of  Central  America, 
Yucatan.     P.  3,000. 

EspLUGA  DE  Francoli,  a  town  of 
Spain,  prov.  Tarragona.     P.  2,702. 

Esposenda,  a  marit.  town  of  Portugal, 
prov.  Minho,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cavado. 
P.  1,500. 

Esprit  (St.),  a  comm.  &  seaport  towa 
of  France,  dep.  Landes,  on  r.  b.  of  the 
Adour,  opposite  Bayonne.    P.  4,463. 

EsQUEHMEs,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Nord,  arrond.  Lille.     P.  1,707. 

Ess,  a  magnificent  cataract  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  co.  Wioklow. 

EssARTS  (Les),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Vendee,  cap.  cant.    P.  2,192. 

Esse,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Ille-et-Vilaine,  with  1,703  inhabs. 

EssECK,  one  of  the  most  strongly 
fortified  towns  of  the  Austrian  empire, 
cap.  Slavonia,  on  the  Drave,  on  which  it 
has  a  steam-packet  station,  13  m.  from 
its  confl.  with  the  Danube.     P.  12,262. 

Essen,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia, 
on  the  Cologne  &  Minden  railway.  P. 
7,296. 

Essequibo,  the  principal  river  of  Brit- 
ish Guiana,  S.  Amer.,  enters  the  Atlan- 
tic. L.  450  m.  About  60  m.  from  its 
mouth  are  the  falls  of  Etabally. 

Essex,  a  marit.  co.  of  England.  The 
farming  is  ranked  among  the  best  in 
England.  The  quality  of  the  Essex 
wheat  is  very  superior.  Stock  of  sheep 
estimated  at  from  500,000  to  600,000 
head.      Farms  of  all  sizes.     P.  343,916. 

II.  N.E.  county,  Vt.,  bounded  on  the 

E.  by  Conn.  r.  Cap.  Guildhall.  Pro- 
duces  the   common   grains.       P.   4,650. 

III.  N.E.  county,  Mass.,  bounded  B. 

by  the  Atlantic.  A  wealthy  co.  Cap. 
Salem,  Newburyport  &  Ipswich.  Chief 
produce,  potatoes.  Chief  industry,  fish- 
ing. Very  extensive  manufs.  of  cottons 
&  woollens.  P.  131,300. IV.  N.  East- 
ern county,  N.  Y.,  bounded  E.  on  Lake 
Champlain.  Area  1,779  sq.  m.  It  has 
vast  min.  treasures.  Mount  Marcy  in 
this  CO.  is  5,476  ft.  above  the  sea.  Cap. 
Elizabethtown.  Chief  produce  wheat, 
potatoes  &  sugar.  Extensive  iron  works. 
Manufs.  of  woollens   &  leather.     P.  31,- 

148. V.   N.E.   county,    N.    J.      Area 

247  sq.  m.  Drained  by  Passaic  &  Kah- 
way  rs.  Cap.  Newark.  A  good  farm- 
ing, &  a  very  great   manufacturing  co. 

1  acad.      P.  73,950. VI.  Eastern  co. 

Va.      Area  280  sq.  m.     Cap.  Kappahan- 


290 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


nock.  Wieat,  Ind.  corn,  with  some  to- 
bacco &  cotton.     P.  10,206. -VII,  p-t., 

Chittenden  co.  Vt.     Some  water  power  & 

various  manufs.     P.  1,824. VIII.  t.,/ 

Essex  CO.  Mass.  Eishing  &  ship-build- 
ing.    P.   1,450. IX.  p-v.,  Middlesex 

CO.   Conn.       Ship-building. X.   p-t., 

Essex  CO.  N.  Y.  The  v.  is  on  the  W.  side 
of  Lake  Champlain.  Various  manufs. 
2  acad.     P.  1,681. 

EssLiNG,  a  vill.  of  Lower  Austria,  on 
the  Danube,  7  m.  E.  Vienna,  &  where 
a  severe  engagement  took  place,  21st  & 
22d  May,  1809,  between  the  French  &  the 
Austrians. 

EssLiNGEN,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
on  the  Neckar.     P.  6,833. 

EssoNNEs,  a  river  of  France,  deps. 
Loiret  &  Seine-et-Oise,  after  a  N.  course 

of  45  m.  joins  the  Seine. II.  a  comm. 

&  vill.  on  the  above  river.    P.  2,776. 

EssoYEs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aube,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,727. 

EsTACA  (Cape),  the  most  N.  point  of 
Spain.  Lat.  43°  47'  50"  N.;  Ion.  7°  38' 
26"  W. 

Estagel,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Pyren.  Orient.,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Gly. 
P.  2,225. 

EsTAiREs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Nord,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Lys.     P.  3,207. 

EsTANCiA,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov. 
Sergipe,  on  I.  b.  of  the  Piauhy.    P.  3,000. 

EsTAUAc,  an  old  subdivision  of  France, 
in  the  prov.  Guyenne. 

EsTAVAYEH,  a  Small  town  of  Switzer- 
land, cant.  Freiburg,  on  the  E.  shore  of 
L.  Neuchatel.     P.  of  pa.  1,703. 

EsTE,    a  town    of    Lombardy,   deleg. 

Padua,  cap.  dist.     P.  8,000. II.  Este 

is  the  name  of  a  river  of  Hanover,  which 
joins  the  Elbe,  after  a  N.  course  of  26  m. 

EsTELLA,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Na- 
varra.     P.  6,192. 

EsTEPA,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Se- 
vilki.    P.  (1845)  6,559. 

EsTEPHE  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Gironde.     P.  2,145. 

EsTEPONA,  a  marit.  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Malaga,  on  the  Mediterranean. 
P.  9,251. 

EsTHONiA,  a  gov.  of  Russia,  having  E. 
the  gov.  St.  Petersburg,  N.  the  gulf  of 
Finland,  &  "W.  the  Baltic,  in  which  it 
comprises  the  isls.  Dago,  Worms,  &c. 
Area,  7,790  sq.  m.  P.  310,400.  Sur- 
face generally  flat ;  shores  rocky. 

Estill,  a  central  county,  Ky.  Area. 
864  sq.  m.  Cap.  Irvine.  Ind.  corn,  to- 
bacco &  bituminous  coal  are  produced. 
P.  5,985. 

EsTiLLViLLE,  p-v.,  cap.  Scott  CO.  Va. 


EsTHELLA,  a  riv.  of  Central  Amer., 
state  Costa  ilica,  enters  the  Pacific  near 
Quaypo,  after  a   S.W.  course  of  50  m. 

LL.  a  town  of  N.  Granada,  prov.  Au- 

tioquia. III.  {Porto  da),  a  marit.  vill. 

of  Brazil,  prov.  &  on  the  bay  of  Rio  de 

Janeiro,    16  m.  N.  Rio. IV.   [Serra 

da),  a  mntn.  range  of  Portugal,  prov. 
Beira,  having  one  peak  which  rises  to 

7,524   feet    in   height. V.    a   mntn. 

chain  of  Brazil,  prov.  Rio  de  Janeiro. 
L.  about  18  m. ;  av.  ht.  3,400  ft. 

EsTREMADUEA,  an  old  prov.  in  the 
S.W.  of  Spain.  Area  14,166  sq.  m.  P. 
547,420.  Four  millions  of  merino  sheep 
are  said  to  be  driven  hitherto  feed  every 
winter;  &  vast  herds  of  hogs,  goats,  & 
cattle  are  reared. 

EsTEEMADURA,  an  administr.  prov.  of 
Portugal,  on  the  Atlantic  ocean ;  cap. 
Lisbon.  Area  7,176  sq.  m.  P.  782,875. 
The  Tagus  divides  it  into  two  nearly 
equal  parts. 

EsTREMOz,  a  fortified  town  of  Portu- 
gal, prov.  Alemtejo.     P.  6.600. 

Etables,  a  comm.  &  marit.  town  of 
France,  dep.  COtes-du-Nord,  on  the  Eng- 
lish channel.     P.  1,018. 

Etain,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Mouse,  cap.  cant.,  on  an  affl.  of  tha 
Moselle.     P.  2,981. 

Etal,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  Northum- 
berland. 

Etale,  a  mkt.  town  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Luxemburg. 

Etampes,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Oise.     P.  7,672. 

Etaples,  a  comm.  &  seaport  town  of 
France,  dep.  Pas  de  Calais,  on  the  Canehe. 
P.  2,030. 

Etawah,  a  dist.  of  British  India,  pre- 

sid.  Bengal.     Area  3,450  sq.  m. II.  a 

town,  cap.  above  dist.,  on  the- Jumna. 

Etchells,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  Ches- 
ter.    P.  1,476.    , 

Etienne  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Loire,  on  the  Furens.  P. 
47,302.  It  has  been  called  the  "French 
Birmingham,"  &  like  that  of  England,  it 
is  surrounded  by  coal  mines.  Hard- 
wares to  the  value  of  180,000/.  &  cutlery 
to  18,O0OZ.  or  20,000/.  yearly,  mth  bayo- 
nets, files,  nails,  cast  iron,  &  steel  are 
made,  &  a  great  deal  of  coal  is  raised  for 
exportation.  It  has  also  extensive  ma- 
nufs. of  ribbons. 

Etienne  (St.),  the  name  of  numerous 

comms.   &   towns  of  France. 1,    (de 

Baigorry),  dep.  B.  Pyrenees,  cap.  cant., 

on  the  Spanish  frontier.     P.  3,196. 

II.  {de  Lugdarls),  Ardeche,  cap.  cant. 
P.   2,028. III.    {de   Monthic),   Loire 


bub] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


291 


Inf.     P.  4,540. IV.  {de  St.   Geoirs), 

Is^re,  cap.  cant.      P.  2,002. V.   {du 

Rouvray),  Seine  Inf.,  near  the  Seine. 
P.  1,494. 

Etivb  (Loch),  an  inlet  of  the  N.  sea, 
Scotl.,  CO.  Argyle.    L.  20  m. 

Etjou,  a  town  of  Japan,  i.sl.  Kiasiu. 

Etko,  a  lagoon  of  Lower  Egypt,  18 
m.  in  length,  &  from  3  to  5  in  breadth. 

Etna,  a  celebrated  volcanic  mntn.  of 
Sicily,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  isl.  The 
summit  of  the  volcano  is  the  culminating 
point  of  an  irregularly  triangular  space, 
&  its  slopes  are  divided  into  3  regions  ; 
I.  the  lava  region  covered  with  elegant 
cities,  &  villas;  II.  the  wooded  region; 
III.  the  upper  region,  covereii  with  sco- 
riae &  ashes,  in  the  midst  of  which  rises 
the  principal  crater,  which  is  always 
covered  with  snow.  The  highest  point 
10,874  feet  above  the  sea,  is  in  lat.  37° 
43'  31"  N.,  Ion.  15°  E.  The  first  record- 
ed eruption  of  Etna  is  in  the  year  476 
B.C.,  &  the  last  occurred  in  1 852. 

Etoile,  a  comra.  &  town  of  Prance, 
dep.  DrOme.     P.  1,058. 

Eton,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co  Bucks,  on 
rt.  b.  of  the  Thames.  The  town  is  fa- 
mous for  its  college  founded  by  king  Henry 
VI.  in  1446,  &  now  a  favorite  seat  of  pre- 
liminary instruction  for  the  sons  of  the 
nobility  &  gentry. 

Etowah,  r.,  Ga.,  one  of  the  branches 
forming  the  Coosa. 

Ethetat,  a  comm.  &  maritime  vill.  of 
Prance,  dep.  Seine  Inf.,  on  the  English 
channel. 

Eteuria,  in  ancient  times  one  of  the 
most  important  countries  of  •Italy,  now 
forms  the  duchy  of  Lucca,  the  greater 
part  of  Tuscany,  &  a  portion  of  the  Pon- 
tif.  states. 

Etten,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands,  prov. 
N.  Brabant.     P.  (with  comm.)  5,391. 

Ettenheim,  a  town  of  Baden,  circ. 
Upper  Rhine,  cap.  dist.,  on  railway  to 
Carlsruhe.     P.  2,730. 

Ettlingen,  a  town  of  Baden,  circ. 
Middle  Rhine,  cap.  dist.,  on  railway  &  on 
the  Alb.  riv.    P.  4,250. 

Ettrick,  a  river  of  Scotland^  it  flows 
N.E.,  joining  the  Tweed  after  a  course 

of  24  m. II.  (Pe/i),  a  mountain  near 

the  source  of  the  above  river.  Height 
2,200  feet. 

Eu,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Seine  Inf.,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Bresle,  near 
the  English  channel.     P.  3,749. 

EuBCEA,  the  largest  isl.  of  the  kingdom 
of  G-reece,  of  which  it  forms  a  dep.  in 
the  ^gean  sea.  L.  115  m. ;  greatest 
br.  33  m.    P.  43,342. 


Euclid,  p-t.,  Cuyahoga  co.  0.  P 
1,775. 

Eudokeef,  a  group  of  small  isls.  in 
the  N.  Pacific,  off  the  S.E.  coast  of  Ali- 
ashka,  Russian  America. 

BuFEMiA  (Santa),  a  town  of  Naples, 
prov.  Calab.  Ult.  II.,  near  the  gulf  of  St. 
Eufemia.     P.  1,100. 

Euganean  Hills,  a  low  range  of  N. 
Italy. 

Eugene,  p-v.,  Vermilion  co.  la.  P. 
1,048. 

Eule,  a  mining  town  of  Bohemia.  P. 
1,350. 

EuPATORiA,  a  seaport  town  of  Russia, 
gov.  Taurida,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the 
Crimea.     P.  7,000. 

EuPEN,  a  frontier  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  cap.  circ,  on  the  Vesdre.  P. 
10,940. 

Euphrates,  a  famous  river  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  rising  in  Armenia  &  emptying 
into  the  Persian  gulf     Total  1.,  1,800  m. 

Eure,  a  river  of  France,  a  branch  of 

the  Soine.     L.   112  m. II.  a  dep.  in 

the  N.W.  of  France,  cap.  Evreux,  forms 
part  of  the  old  prov.  of  Normandy.  Area, 
2,414  sq.  m.  P.  415,777.  Mining  & 
manuf.  industry  very  active. 

Eure-et-Loih,  a  dep.  in  the  N.W.  of 
France,  cap.  Chartres.  Area,  2,361  sq. 
m.  P.  294,892.  Soil  extremely  fertile ; 
a  great  amount  of  corn  is  raised,  &  it  is 
considered  the  granary  of  Paris.  Ex- 
cellent cavalry  horses  are  reared. 

Europe,  the  smallest,  but  most  civi- 
lized, of  the  five  great  divisions  of  the 
globe  ;  forms  a  peninsular  prolongation 
of  Asia,  from  which  it  is  separated  on 
the  E.  by  the  river  Kara,  the  Ural  moun- 
tains &  river,  &  the  Caspian  sea  ;  &  on 
the  S.  by  the  mountain  chain  of  Caucasus. 
On  all  other  sides  it  is  bounded  by  seas, 
bays,  gulfs,  &  straits.  Its  greatest  length 
from  Astrakhan  to  Brest  is  2,400  m.,  & 
its  extreme  breadth  from  Cape  Nord-Kyn 
to  Cape  Matapan  2,360  m.  Area  esti- 
mated at  3,595,000  sq.  ra.,  3-4ths  of  which 
is  occupied  by  plains,  &  l-4th  by  moun- 
tains &  high  lands.  The  peninsulas  com- 
prise l-4th,  &  the  islands  l-21st  of  the 
whole  extent.  One  of  the  great  charac- 
teristics of  this  quarter  of  the  globe,  is 
the  vast  number  of  inland  seas  &  estu- 
aries by  which  it  is  intersected,  &  the  im- 
mense extent  of  coast  line  (17,000  m.), 
which  in  consequence  it  enjoys.  Numer- 
ous peninsulas  are  thus  formed.  The 
principal  islands  are  the  British  Isles, 
Iceland,  Novaia  Zemlia,  Sicily,  Sardinia, 
Corsica,  Malta,  Elba,  &  the  Balearic  isls. 
Most  of  the  rivers  of  Europe  belong  to 


292 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[ewe 


two  great  basins,  that  of  the  Atlantic  & 
its  branches  on  theW.,  &  the  Mediter- 
ranean on  the  S.  The  mean  height  of 
Europe  is  636  feet.  A  great  part  of  N". 
Germany,  Denmark,  Holland,  &  part  of 
Belgium  are  plains,  little  elevated  above 
the  level  of  the  sea;  the  great  plains  of 
Russia  &  Poland  have  a  mean  height  of 
360  feet ;  the  other  countries  of  Europe 
are  traversed  by  chains  of  mountains. 
The  principal  summits  of  the  different 
chains  are,  in  the  Alps,  Mont  Blane,  the 
culminating  point  of  Europe,  15,810  feet, 
Monte  Rosa,  15,208  ft.  In  the  Pyrenees, 
Pic  Nethou  or  Maladetta,  ll,168feet ;  in 
the  Sierra  Nevada,  the  peak  of  Mulha- 
fen,  11,660  feet.  Europe  is  everywhere 
well  watered ;  it  has  no  deserts  like  those 
in  Asia  &  Africa.  The  climate  of  conti- 
nental Europe  presents  the  most  striking 
contrasts,  but  it  is  in  general  temperate, 
&  exempt  from  the  extremes  of  heat  & 
cold  to  which  the  other  great  divisions  of 
the  globe  are  exposed.  South  of  the 
parallel  of  lat.  45°  N.,  extreme  cold  is 
rare,  &  of  short  duration,  while  the  heat 
is  tempered  by  the  mountains  which 
cover  this  portion  of  Europe  ;  but  the 
southern  coasts  frequently  suffer  from 
the  hot  wind  of  Africa,  the  Sirocco.  The 
great  plain  of  the  N.E.  being  exposed 
to  N.  winds  from  the  Arctic  ocean,  has  a 
much  more  severe  climate  than  the  other 
countries  of  Europe.  The  lower  limit  of 
perpetual  snow  in  Europe,  has,  in  the 
Alps  &  Pyrenees,  an  elevation  of  8,000 
feet ;  &,  in  the  interior  of  Norway,  4,000 
feet.  The  soil  of  the  different  countries 
of  Europe  is  on  the  whole  fertile,  &  pro- 
duces all  the  vegetable  substances  of 
temperate  climates.  The  fauna  of  Eu- 
rope is  less  varied  than  that  of  the  other 
continents  of  the  old  world,  but '  is  rich 
in  useful  animals,  &  exempt  from  the 
noxious  specieE  common  to  Asia  &  Africa. 
The  mineral  riches  of  Europe  are  highly 
important,  le.ss  on  account  of  the  precious 
metals,  than  the  abundance  of  the  com- 
monest minerals.  The  most  productive 
gold  mines  in  Europe  are  those  of  the 
Carpathians  in  the  N.  of  Hungary,  Tran- 
sylvania, &  Russia.  The  richest  silver 
mines  are  those  of  the  Erzgebirge,  the 
Carpathians,  &  the  Harz  in  Germany,  & 
the  Alps  in  Scandinavia.  Iron  is  very 
widely  distributed.  Lead  is  abundant 
in  the  E.  part  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  in 
Cornwall,  &  in  the  E.  Alps.  Copper  in 
Cornwall;  the  E.  Alps,  &  the  Alps  of 
Scandinavia.  Tin  is  nowhere  plenty, 
except  in  Cornwall,  &  zinc  is  mostly 
found  in  the  Riesengebirge.     The  princi- 


pal mines  of  mercury  are  those  of  Al- 
maden  in  the  Sierra  Morena,  &  of  Idria 
in  the  E.  Alps.  Salt  mines  occur  princi- 
pally in  the  Carpathians  &  in  the  E.Alps. 
Coal  is  most  abundant  in  Great  Britain, 
but  rich  mines  exist  also  in  Belgium,  in 
the  Cevennes,  &  in  the  mountains  be- 
tween the  Rhine  &  the  Weser.  The  pop. 
belong  entirely  to  the  Indo-European 
family  of  the  Caucasian  race  (except  a 
few  ilongolian  tribes  in  the  N.  &  E.  of 
the  continent).  The  varieties  of  this 
family  consist  of  the  Teutonic  or  German, 
distributed  over  the  N.  &,  W.  of  Europe  ; 
the  Slavonian  in  the  centre  &  B. ;  the 
Hellenic  &  Pelasgian  in  the  S.;  the  Celtic 
in  the  W. 

EusTATrus  (St.),  one  of  the  Dutch  W. 
India  isls.,  leeward  group.  Area,  190 
sq.  m.     P.  1,903. 

EuTAw,  p-v.,  cap.  Greene  co.  Ala. 

EuTAw  Springs,  S.  C,  a  small  branch 
of  Santee  riv;  On  the  borders  of  this 
stream  \ms  fought  the  battle  of  Eutaw 
Springs,  Sept.  8,  1781,  in  the  American 
revolution,  between  Gen.  Greene,  Amer- 
ican, with  a  loss  of  555 ;  &  Gen.  Stewart, 
British,  with  a  loss  of  1,000. 

Evans,  p-t.,  Erie  co.  N.  T.  Adapted 
to  grain  &  grass. .  P.  2,182. 

EvANSviLLE,  p-v..  Cap.  Vandorberg  co. 
la.,  on  the  Ohio  r.,  at  the  great  N.  bend. 
P.  2,500. 

EvAux,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Prance,  dep. 
Creuse,  cap.  cant.,  with  hot  mineral  baths. 
P.  1,391. 

EvERBECQ,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium, 
prov.  Hainault,  with  extensive  salt  refi- 
neries &  IrSen   manufactures.     P.  4,084. 

EvERGHEM,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov. 
E.  Flanders,  cap.  cant.     P.  7,795. 

Evesham,  a  mkt.  town  of  England,  co. 
AVorcester,  on  the  navigable  Avon.     P. 

14,463. II.  p-t.,  Burlington  co.  N.  J. 

It  has  several  villages.  Consid.  manufs. 
P. -5,060. 

EviAN,  a  vill.  of  Savoy,  on  the  lake 
&  26  m.  N.E.  Geneva.     P.  2,084. 

EvoRA,  a  city  of  Portugal,  cap.  prov. 
Alemtejo.     P.  15,000. 

EvEAN,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Cotes-du-Nord,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Ranee.     P.  4,163. 

EvHE,  a  river  of  France,  dep.  Cher, 
rises  in  the  marsh  of  Bourdelins,  &  joins 
the  Cher.     L.  41  m. 

EvREcx,  a  city  of  France,  cap.  dep. 
Eure,  on  the  Iton.     P.  8,137. 

EvRON,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Mayenne.     P.  2,256. 

EwE  (Loch),  an  inlet  of  the  N.  sea, 
Scotl.,  W.  coast  of  CO.  Ross. 


FAl] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


293 


EwELL,  a  small  market  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Surrey.     P.  1,867. 

EwiNG,  town,  Mercer  co.  N.  J.  P. 
1,017. 

EwiNGTON,  p^v.,  cap.  of  Ef&ngham  co. 
111. 

ExE,  a,  river  of  Engl  nnci,  co.  Somerset, 
flows  after  a  S.  course  uf  45  m.  into  the 
English  channel. 

ExEA,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Zara- 
goza.     P.  3,082. 

Exeter,    town,    Penobscot    co.    Me. 

Considerable  manufactures. II.  p-t., 

Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  The  v.  is  on 
Exeter  riv.    3  newspapers.    4  academies. 

P.  3,329. III.  town,  Washington  co. 

R.  I.      Manufactures    of   woollens.      P. 

1,776.= IV.  p-t.,  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.     P. 

1,526. V.  t,  Berks  co.  Pa.     P.  1,911. 

VI.   p-t.,    Luzerne   co.    Pa.,  on   the 

Susquehanna  r.  In  the  S.  part  of  the  t., 
the  battle  of  Wyoming  was  fought,  in 
1778,  celebrated  in  Campbell's  "  Ger- 
trude of  Wyoming."     P.  1,529. VII. 

a  city,  episcopal  see,  &  river-port  of  Eng- 
land, cap.  CO.  Devon,  on  the  Exe.  P. 
32,810.  Chief  buildings,  the  cathedral, 
probably  commenced  in  1280,  &  the 
bishop's  palace,  built  in  the  reign  of  Ed- 
ward IV.  It  has  still  some  manufs.  of 
serges,  paper,  &c.,  with  large  breweries 
&  iron  foundries ;  but  its  once  immense 
trade  has  greatly  declined. 

ExiLLEs,  a  vill.  of  Sard,  sta..  Pied- 
mont, prov.  Susa,  on  the  Doire.  P. 
1,785. 

ExiN,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Poland,  gov. 
Posen,  with  2,000  inhabs. 

ExMOUTH,  a  town  &  watering  place  of 
Engl.,  CO.  Devon,  on  the  Exe. 

ExuMA  (Great  &  Little),  two  of  the 
Bahama  isls. 

Eyafialla-Yokul,  a  volcano  of  Ice- 
land. 

Eybar,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Gui- 
puzcoa.     P.  1,771. 

Eye,  market  town  of  England,  co.  Suf- 
folk. 

Eyemouth,  a  seaport  of  Scotl.,  co. 
Berwick,  on  the  eye.     P.  1,401. 

Eyguieres,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  B.-du-RhOne,  cap.  cant.  '  P. 
2,660. 

Eymoutiers,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Vienne.     P.  1,842. 

Eyragues,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Bouches-du-Rhone.     P.  1,844. 

Eyrecourt,  a  small  market  town  of 
Ireland,  Connaught,  co.  Galway.  P. 
1,419.  * 

Ezcakay,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Lo- 
groiio,  ou  the  Oja.     P.  3,211. 


F. 

Faaberg,  a  pa.  &  vill.  of  Norway,  on 
the  Longen.     P.  4,780. 

Faaborg,  a  seaport  town  of  Denmark, 
isl.  Fiihnen.     P.  2,200.- 

Fabbriano,  a  city  of  Central  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta.  P.  6,619.  It  has  a  cathedral, 
&  manufs.  of  paper  &  parchment. 

Fabrica,  a  town  of  Italy,  Pontif.  sta. 
P.  2,149. 

Fabius,  r..  Mo.,  br.  of  the  Mississippi. 

L.  100  m. II.  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y. 

Adapted  to  grazing.     P.  2,562. 

Fabriqxte  la  Nueva,  a  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Malaga,  near  the  Guadiaro.  P.  2,475. 

Fachingen,  a  vill.  of  W.  Germany, 
duchy  Nassau,  on  the  Lahn,  with  a  celeb, 
spring,  whence  500,000  flasks  of  mineral 
waters  are  annually  exported. 

Factory  Island,  one  of  the  isla.  de 
Los,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  75  m. 
N-W.  Sierra  Leone. 

Fad  (Locis),  a  lake  of  Scotland,  isle 
of  Bute.     L.^  m. 

Fadievskoi,  an  island  of  the  Arctic 
ocean,  Asiat.  Russia,  gov.  Yakutsk,  betw. 
the  isls.  Kfltelnoi  &  New  Siberia.  L.  100 
m. ;  br.  35  m. 

F^GLOE,  one  of  the  Aland  isls.,  Baltic. 

F.s:mund,  a  lake  of  Norway,  near  the 
Swedish  frontier.     L.  37  m..;  br.  5  m. 

F^ENGOE,  an  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  off  the 
E.  coast  of  Sweden. 

Faenza,  a  city  of  Central  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.,  at  the  junction  of  the  canal  of  Zanelli 
with  the  Lamone.  P.  19,752.  It  has 
manufs.  of  a  peculiar  earthenware  called 
faience  (from  this  city). 

F^rder,  a  small  isl.  off  the  Si  coast 
of  Norway. 

Fagnano,  several  vills.  of  Italy. — ■ — 
I.  Lombardy,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Olona.     P. 

1,670. il.  deleg.    Verona.    Here  in 

1799,  an  engagement  took  place  between 

the   French   &   the    Austrians. III. 

Naples,   prov.  Abruzzo  Ult.  II. IV. 

prov.  Calab.  Cit.    P.  1,800. rV.  Pontif. 

states. 

Fahliyan,  Persia,  prov.  Fars,  cap. 
dist.,  45  m.  N.  Kazerun. 

Fahlun,  a  mining  town  of  Sweden, 
cap.  Icen,  on  Lake  Runn.     P.  4,379. 

Fai-fo,  a  town  of  the  empire  Anam, 
Further  India,  &  formerlj'  the  centre  of 
its  China  trade,  on  a  riv.  near  its  mouth, 
ia  f,he  China  sea. 

Failsworth,  a  tnshp.  of  England,  co. 
Lancaster.     P.  3,879. 


294 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[fal 


Fairfax,  Franklin  oo.  Vt.    P.  2,011. 

II.  N.E.  county,  Va.,  on  the  Potomac. 

Cap.  Fairfax  c.  h.   Produces  the  common 

grains  &  tobacco.     P.  10,682. III.  v., 

cap.  of  Culpepper  co.  Va. 

Fairfield,  county.  Conn.,  in  S.W.  part 
of  the  state.  Area,  630  sq.  m.  It  ex- 
tends 40  m.  on  L.  I.  sound.  Watered  by 
Housatonic  riv.     Extensive  manufs.     31 

acad.     P.  59,775. II.  S.E.  county,  0. 

Area,  541  sq.  m.  A  good  grain  co.  Cap. 
Lancaster.  Manufs.  of  woollens  &  leather. 
Distilleries  &  breweries.  P.  30,264.— 
III.  a  central  dist.  of  S.  C.  Area,  796 
sq.  m.    Cap.  Wisboro.     Produces  a  large 

amount  of  cotton.  P.  21,404. IV.  p-t., 

Somerset  co.  Me.     A  good  farming  town. 

P.  2,198. V.  p-t.,  Franklin  co.  Vt.     1 

acad.  P.  2,448. VI.  p-T.,  port  of  en- 
try, &  semi-cap.  of  Fairfield  co.  Conn. 
It  has  Black  Rock  harbor,  one  of  the  best 
on  the  sound.  Grreenfield  Hill  is  in  this 
t.  Fairfield  was  burned  by  the  British 
in  the  war  of  the  revolution.     P.  3,614. 

VII.  p-t.,    Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.     P. 

1,836. VIII.  t.,  Cumberland  co.  N.  J. 

P.  1,935. IX.  t.,  Crawford  co.  Pa.    P. 

1,213. X.  t.,  Westmoreland  co.  Pa.    1 

acad.     P.  2,035. XI.  t.,  Butler  co.  0. 

P.  2,171. XII.  t..  Highland  co.  0. 

XIII.  t.,- Huron   co.   0.    P.   1,076. 

XIV.  p-v.,  cap.  Wayne  co.  111.  Manufs. 
of  castor  oil. 

FAiRroRD,  a  mkt.  town  of  England,  co. 
Gloucester,  on  the  Colne. 

Fair  Haven,  t.,  Rutland  co.  Vt.     P. 

633. II.  t.,  Bristol  co.  Mass.,  opposite 

to  New  Bedford.    Interested  in  the  whale 

fishery.      P.   3,951. III.   p-v.,    New 

Haven  co.  Conn.,  2  m.  E.  N.  H.  P.  1,000. 
Exports  vast  quantities  of  oysters  in  the 
winter.     1  acad. 

Fair  Head,  a  lofty  promontory,  N. 
coast  of  Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  Antrim.  It 
is  an  immense  body  of  colunonar  green- 
stone, 530  feet  in  elevation. 

Fair  Isle,  Scotland,  between  Orkney 
&  Shetland. 

Fairlee,  t..  Orange  co.  Vt.     P.  644. 

Fairview,  p-t.,  Erie  co.  Pa.  P.  1,481. 
II.  t.,  York  CO.  Pa.     P.  1,993. 

Fair-weather,  a  cape  &  mntn.  of 
Russian  America. 

Faisans  (Ile  des),  a  small  isl.,  formed 
by  the  Bidassoa,  on  the  borders  of  France 
&  Spain,  near  Irun. 

Fajemmia,  a  fortified  town  of  Africa, 
Senegambia. 

Fakenham-Lancaster,  a  mkt.  town 
of  England,  co.  Norfolk,  on  the  Wensum. 
P.  2,164. 

Fal,  a  riv.  of  England,  co.  Cornwall. 


Palaba,  a  fortified  town  of  W.  Africa, 
Senegambia,    cap.   state   Sulimana.    P. 

6,000.(7) 

Falaise,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Calvados,  cap.  arrond.,  on  r.  b.  of 
Ante.     P.  8,621. 

Falalu,  one  of  the  Caroline  islands, 
Pacific  ocean. 

Falces,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Pam- 
plona.   P.  2,310.    It  has  mineral  springs. 

Falcet,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Tarra- 
gona.    P.  2,995. 

Falconara,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Calab.  Cit.     P.  1,666. 

Falconera,  a  small  isl.  of  the  Grecian 
archipelago. 

Faleme,  a  river  of  Senegambia,  W. 
Africa,  afiluent  of  the  Senegal.   L.  200  m. 

Falkenau,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circ. 
Elnbogen,  on  the  Eger.     P.  1,900. 

Falkenbeeg,  a  fortified  town  of  Pruss. 

Silesia,    cap.    circ.      P.  1,632. II.  a 

seaport  town  of  Sweden.     P.  1,660. 

Falkenbuhg,  a  town  of  Prussian  Po- 
merania.     P.  3,050. 

Falkenstein,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circ. 
Zwickau.     P.  3,346. 

Falkirk,  a  market,  town  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Stirling,  on  an  eminence  at  the  S.W. 
extremity  of  the  fertile  tract  called  the 
Carse  of  Falkirk,  on  the  Edinburgh  & 
Glasgow  railway,  &  Scottish  Central  rail- 
way. P.  8,769.  The  great  Carron  iron 
works  are  within  2  miles  of  the  town. 
Traces  of  the  Roman  wall  of  Antoninus. 
Here  was  fought,  a.d.  1298,  a  battle 
between  the  troops  of  Sir  W.  Wallace  & 
of  Edward  I.,  when  the  latter  was  victo- 
rious ;  also,  in  1746,  an  engagement 
between  the  Highlanders  under  Prince 
Charles  Edward,  &  the  English  army. 

Falkland  Islands,  a  group  in  the 
S.  Atlantic,  consisting  of  2  large  &  200. 
small  isls.,  about  310  m.  E.  the  strait  of 
Magellan,  Patagonia.  Estimated  area, 
13,000  sq.  m.  The  E.  Falkland  isl.  is 
nearly  100  m.  in  length,  by  60  m.  in 
greatest  br. ;  &  the  W.  Falkland  about 
90  by  50  m. ;  they  are  separated  by 
Falkland  sound,  from  9  to  12  m.  in  br. 
Grass  lands  are  extremely  luxuriant,  & 
these  isls.  are  well  adapted  for  rearing 
live  stock,  already  very  numerous  in  a 
wild  state.  Birds  &  fish  are  also  exceed- 
ingly numerous.  These  islands  belong 
to  Great  Britain,  &  there  is  a  small  set- 
tlement at  Poj-t  Louis,  on  the  E.  island. 
Pop.  scanty. 

Falkoping,  a  small  town  of  Sweden, 
near  which,  in  1388,  Albert,  king  of  Swe- 
den, was  defeated  &  made  prisoner  by 
Margaret,  queen  of  Denmark. 


far] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


295 


Fallowfield,  town,  Crawford  co.  Pa. 
P.  1,673. 

Eall  Rivek,  t.,  port  of  entry,  Bristol 
CO.  Mass.  Fine  water  power.  Consid. 
shipping  in  the  whale  fishery.  Extens. 
mauufs.  of  cotton  fabrics.     P.  11,524. 

Falls,  p-t.,  Wyoming  co.  Pa.  P.  2,108. 
II.  t.,  Bucks  CO.  Pa.     P.  2,058. 

Falls  of  St.  ANTHONy,  on  the  Missis- 
sippi, are  9  m.  above  the  influx  of  St. 
Peter's  river,  60  m.  below  the  Big  Falls, 
&  1,200  above  the  mouth  of  the  Missis- 
sippi. Lat.  45°  N".,  Ion.  93°  14'  W.  The 
river  here  flows  in  two  channels  from 
200  to  300  feet  in  breadth,  &  falls  16  feet 
in  perpendicular  height,  over  a  limestone 
rock. 

Fallsbubgh,  p-t.,  Sullivan  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  2,626. 

Falbiouth,  t.,  Cumberland  co.  Me. 
Chief  industry,  coasting  &   fishing.      P. 

2. .589. II.  t.,  Barnstable  eo.  Mass.,  on 

the  S.W.  point  of  Cape  Cod.     P.  2,621, 

engaged  in   coasting  &  fishing. III. 

p-v.,  cap.  of  Pendleton  co.  Ky. — —IV.  a 
seaport  town  of  England,  co.  Cornwall, 
on  a  branch  of  the  estuary  of  the  Fal. 
P.  22,042.  The  harbor  is  formed  by  the 
estuary  of  the  Fal,  has  numerous  creeks, 
&  is  about  5  m.  in  length  &  1  in  breadth. 
Its  position,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Eng- 
lish channel,  has  rendered  Falmouth  for 
the  last  150  years,  a  principal  station  for 
foreign  mail  packets,  &  the  great  rendez- 
vous for  fleets  proceeding  to  the  S.  &  W. 

V.  two  seaport  towns  of  British  W. 

Indies,  one  on  the  W.  coast  of  Jamaica, 
&  the  other  on  the  S.  coast  of  Antigua. 

Falouk,  a  town  of  India,  Punjab,  on 
rt.  b.  of  Sutleje. 

False  Bay,  an  extensive  inlet  of  the 
Atlantic,  S.  Africa,  Cape  Colony,  the  "W. 
side  of  which  is  formed  by  the  cape  of 
Good  Hope.     L.  &  br.  22  m.  each.     False 

cape  is  a  little  E.  of  its  entrance.- II. 

a  bay  of  New  Zealand,  on  the  W.  side  of 

North  island. III.  an  inlet  of  the  bay 

of  Bengal. — Cape  False  is  the  name  of 
various  headlands  of  California,  N.  Gra- 
nada, Hayti,  Honduras,  &c. 

Falsteb,  an  isl.  of  Denmark,  on  the 
Baltic.  L.  30  m. ;  b.  2  to  13  m.  P. 
22,000.     Noted  for  fine  orchards. 

Falsterbo,  a  small  seaport  town  of 
Sweden,  near  its  S.  extremity. 

Falterona  (Mount),  a  summit  of  the 
Apennines,  Tuscany.     Height,  5,557  ft. 

Faltsi,  a  frontier  town  of  Moldavia, 
on  the  Pruth. 

Falu,  a  raarit.  prov.  of  Sweden,  having 
W.  Norway.  Area,  12,232  sq.  m.  P. 
138,141. 


Famagusta,  a  seaport  town  of  Cyprus, 
on  its  E.  coast.  The  town,  with  its  palaco 
&  numerous  churches,  is  mostly  in  ruins ; 
its  harbor  is  choked  up,  &  useless  except 
for  small  craft. 

Famatina,  an  extensive  valley  of  S. 
America,  Plata  confed.,  dep.  La.  Rioja, 
about  150  m.  in  length,  &  30  m.  in  breadth, 
bounded  E.  &  AV.  by  the  mntn.  ranges  of 
Velasco  &  Famatina. 

Famelicao  (Villa  Nova  de),  a  mkt. 
town  of  Portugal.    P.  2,000. 

Famieh,  a  town  of  Syria,  pash.  Da- 
mascus, on  rt.  b.  of  the  Orontes. 

Fammamatz,  a  town  of  Japan,  isl. 
Niphon,  near  the  coast. 

Fanano,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  duchy,  & 
30  m.  S.W.  Modena,  near  Monte  Ceinone. 
P.  2,000. 

Fang-ki,  a  small  isj.  off  the  S.  coast 
of  China,  prov.  Quang-tong.  Lat.  21°  18' 
N.;  Ion.  110°  35' E. 

Fanibu  &  Faniso,  two  vills.  of  Africa, 
Nigritia,  state  Houssa. 

Fanjeaux,  a  eomm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aude,  cap.  cant.,  on  a  mountain.  P. 
1,776. 

Fan"-ling-tao,  an  isl.  in  the  sea  of 
Japan,  E.  of  Corea. 

Fannet,  t.,  Franklin  co.  Pa.   P.  1,858. 

Fannet  Point,  a  headland  of  Ireland, 
Ulster,  CO.  Donegal. 

Fannin,  county,  Texas.  Cap.Bonham. 
P.  3,788. 

Fano,  a  seaport  town  of  Central  Italy, 
Pontif.  states,  on  the  Adriatic,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Metauro.  P.  10,000.  Its 
hPorbor  is  now  choked  up  ;  but  it  still  has 
some  trade,  &  manufs.  of  silli  twist, 

Fano,  one  of  the  Ionian  islands  at  the 
entrance  of  the  Adriatic. 

Fanoe,  an  isl.  of  Denmark,  off  the  W. 
coast  of  .Jutland,  8  m.  long,  &  2  m.  broad. 
P.  2,800. 

Fantee,  a  marit.  country  of  Guinea,' 
bounded  S.  by  the  ocean.  Soil  fertile ; 
&  the  country  is  populous. 

Faouet  (Le),  a  eomm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Elle.  P. 
1,474. 

Fara,  a  t-^wn  of  Piedmont.     P.  1,804. 

II.  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Abruzzo 

Cit.     P.   1,420. III.    (-S.   Martina), 

Abruzzo  Cit.     P.  2,400. 

Parades,  a  town  of  N.  Africa,  dom. 
Tunis. 

Fars,  or  Faro,  an  isl.  in  the  Baltic, 
belonging  to  Sweden,  off  the  N.  extremity 
of  Gothland.     Area,  30  sq.  m. 

Farafheh,  an  oasis  of  the  Libyari 
desert,  Africa,  in  lat.  27°  N.,  Ion.  28°  23' 
E.     It  comprises  several  vills.  &  a  town. 


296 


CYCLOPAEDIA    or    GEOGRAPHY. 


[fau 


Tarahabad,  a  seaport  town  of  Persia, 
prov.  Mazanderan,  tn  the  S.  coast  of  the 
Ca-pian  sea. 

Fakay.  aa  islet  of  the  Orkneys. 

Fareham,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Hants. 

Farewell  (Cape),  the  S.  extremity 
of  Greenland.     Lat.  59°  49'  N.;  43°  54' 

W. II.  the  N.  extremity  of  Middle 

Island,  New  Zealand. 

Fargeau  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Yonne,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,858. 

Far] GUANO,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  prov. 
Mondovi,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Taharo.   P.  2,040. 

Fabilhao,  a  group  of  islets  off  the 
coast  of  Portugal,  prov.  Estrem. 

Faeim,  a  town  of  Senegamliia,  W. 
Africa,  on  the  Cacheo  river. 

Farindola,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Abruzzo  Ult.  I.     P.  2,556. 

Farmersville,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co. 
N.  Y.    P.  1,554. II.  cap.  Union  co.  La. 

Fahmington,  p-t ,  cap.  of  Franklin  co. 
Me.     Adapted  to  wheat.     P.  2,725. 

II.  t.,  Strafford  co.  N.  H.     P.  1,380. 

III.  t.,  Hartford  co.  Conn.     A  rich  agri- 
cultural town.   P.  2,630. IV.  Ontario, 

N.Y.  Various  manufs.    1  acad.   P.  2,122. 

V.  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.  Ohio.    P.  1,172. 

VI.  Oakland  co.  Mich.    P.  1,684. 

VII.  p-v.,  cap  of  Van  Buren  co.  Iowa. 

Viri.  p-v.,  cap.  St.  Francis  co.  Mo. 

Fabmville,  Prince  Edward  eo.  Va. 
P.  900. 

Farne,  or  Fern  Islands,  a  group  of 
17  islets  &  rocks  off  the  E.  coast  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Durham,  lying  between  2  &  5 
m.  from  the  mainland.  Here  the  "For- 
farshire" was  wrecked  in  1838,  when  9 
persons  were  saved  by  the  heroism  of  the 
light-house-keeper  &  his  daughter,  Grace 
Darling. 

Faenham,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Surrey.     P.  11,746. 

Fabnhili,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
York.     P.  1,618. 

Faro,  a  seaport  city  of  Portugal,  prov. 
Algarve,  cap.  eomarca,  on  the  Valfer- 
mosa.  P.  8,440.  Its  harbor  is  small,  but 
it  has  a  good  roadstead.     Exports,  fresh 

&  dried  fruits  &  wine. II.  a  \'ill.,  prov. 

Alemtejo. III.  a  vill.  of  Brazil,  prov. 

Para,  on  a  considerable  lake.- IV.  two 

vills.  of  Sicily,  on  &  near  Cape  Faro. 

Faro,  Cape,  the  N.E.  extremity  of  the 
isl.  of  Sicily,  bounding,  with  the  opposite 
coast  of  Calabria  (rock  of  Scylla,  &c.), 
the  narrowest  part  of  the  strait  of  Mes- 
sina. 

Faroe  Isles,  a  group  of  isles  in  the 
N.  sea  belonging  to  Denmark,  180  m. 
N.W.  of  the  Shetlands.     They  consist  of 


22  islands,  of  which  17  are  inhabited,  & 
extend  70  m.  in  length  N.  to  S.,  &  46  m. 
in  breadth  E.  to  W.'  P.  7,800.  Most  of 
the  inhabitants  are  employed  in  li^herie', 
of  which  that  of  a  species  of  small  wliale  is 
the  most  important;  &  in  the  prep  nation 
of  wool.  Sheep,  of  which  there  are  80,000, 
form  the  chief  riches  of  the  islanders. 
The  people,  of  Norwegian  descent,  are 
robust  &  healthy  ;  their  spoken  language 
is  a  dialect  of  the  N.  German,  but  their 
written  language  is  Danish.  The  trade 
is  a  royal  monopoly  ;  &  half  of  the  soil 
belongs  to  the  king. 

Farringdon  (Great),  a  market  town 
of  England,  CO.  Berks.     P.  15,733. 

Faerington,  a  township  of  England, 
CO.  Lancaster.     P.  1,719. 

Fab  Rock  away,  v.,  Queens  co.  N.  Y., 
on  a  peninsula  between  Jamaica  bay  & 
the  Atlantic. 

Fahshiout,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt, 
near  the  W.  bank  of  the  Nile. 

Ears,  a  prov.  of  Persia,  on  Persn.  gulf. 

Farsund,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Norway,  on 
the  N.  sea.  Chf.  expts.,  dried  fish.  P.i,032. 

Faetak,  a  cape  &  seaport  vill.  of  Ara- 
bia, on  its  south  coast. 

Far  West,  p-v.,  cap.  Caldwell  co.  Mo. 
Originally  settled  by  Mormons.     P.  500. 

Fasana,  a  small  seaport  town  of  II- 
lyria.     Opposite  are  the  Brioni  Isls. 

Fasano,  a  city  of  Naples,  prov.  Bari. 
P.  8,890. 

Fatchio,  an  isl.  of  the  Japanese  dom^ 
in  the  strait  of  Corea,  Pacific. 

Fateereh,  a  vill.  &  ruined  town  in 
the  E.  desert  of  Upper  Egypt. 

Fatej,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Koursk, 
near  r.  b.  of  the  Ousoja.     P.  2,000. 

Fatsah,  a  seaport  town  of  Asia-Minor, 
on  the  Black  sea. 

Fatteconda,  a  town  of  Senegambia, 
Bondbu,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Faleme  riv. 

Fafcigny,  a  vill.  of  Savoy,  giving 
name  to  a  prov.,  of  which  Bonneville  is 
the  chief  town.  This  prov.  is  the  highest 
in  Savoy,  &  is  called  "the  classical  coun- 
try of  the  Alps."  P.  101,792.  The  vill. 
is  2,162  feet  above  the  sea. 

Faucilles,  a  mntn.  range  of  France, 
deps.  Marne  &  Vosges.  Summit  les  Four- 
ches,  1,611  feet  in  elevation. 

Faucogney,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Saune,  cap.  cant.,  at  the  foot  of 
the  Vosges  mountains.     P.  1,581. 

Faulhorn,  a  matn.  of  the  Alps,  Swit- 
zerland, cant.  Bern,  between  the  valley 
of  the  Grindelwald  &  the  lake  of  Brienz, 
8,802  ft.  in  elevation.  It  has  an  inn  ou 
the  summit. 

Fauquier,  N.E.  county,  Va.      Area, 


feg] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


297 


720  sq.  m.  Cap.  Warrenton.  Staple  pro- 
ducts, Indian  corn,  tobacco,  &  wheat. 
Various  manufs.     9  acads.     P.  20,868. 

Fausse  Riviere,  a  lake,  Louisiana. 
It  was  the  bed  of  the  Mississippi  until 
about  1714,  when  the  river  took  a  short- 
er course.  The  banks  of  this  lake  are 
richly  cultivated. 

Favara,  a  town  of  Sicily.  P.  7,590. 
It  has  rich  mines  of  sulphur. 

Faverges,  a  vill.  of  Savoy,  prov.  Gene- 
vese,  near  the  lake  of  Anneey.  P.  3,641. 
Manufs.  paper  &,  cotton. 

Faverney,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  SaOne,  on  the  Lauterne.  P. 
1,557. 

Faversham,  a  seaport  town  of  Eng- 
land. CO.  Kent,  opposite  the  isl.  of  Shep- 
pey.     P.  16,684. 

Favignana,  an  isl.  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean, oif  the  W.  coaSt  of  Sicily.  L.  6 
m. ;  av.  b.  2  m. 

Favria,  a  market  town  of  Piedmont, 
prov.  Turin.     P.  2,745. 

Fay,  two   comms.  &  vills.   of  France. 

-I.  dep.  Loire  Inf.     P.  3,712. II. 

(aux-Loges),  dep.  Loiret.     P.  1,053. 

Fayal,  one  of  the  Azores  isls.  Area, 
37  sq.  m.  P.  22,000.  burface  very  fer- 
tile ;  in  its  centre  is  a  mountain  about 
3,000  feet  in  height.  On  its  S.E.  side  is 
a  fine  bay.  On  this  bay  is  Horta,  the 
principal  town. 

Fayence,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Var,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,403. 

Fayette,  S.W.  county.  Pa.  Area, 
824  sq.  m.  Coal,  iron  ore,  &  salt  springs 
are  found.  Cap.  Union.  Tanneries,  dis- 
tilleries, &   manufs.  of  woollens,  glass, 

paper,  &  hardware.      P.  39,112. II. 

county,  Va.,  in  the  W.  part  of  the  state. 
There  are  several  interesting  remains  of 
ancient  fortifications  in  this  county.  Cap. 

Fayetteville.  P.  3,956. III.  S.W.  co., 

Ohio.  Area,  415  sq.  m.  Cap.  Washing- 
ton. P.  12,726. IV.  N.W.  county,  Ga. 

Area,  545  sq.  m.  Cap.  Fayetteville.  Sta- 
ple, cotton.     P.  8,709. V.  N.W.   co., 

Ala.  Area,  1,250  sq.  m.  Cap.  Fayette- 
ville, c.  H.    P.  9,681. VI.  county',  Ky., 

near  the  centre  of  the  state.  Area,  275 
sq.  m.  Cap.  Lexington.  A  rich  agri- 
cultural county.     Extensive  manufs.    P. 

22,735. Vli.  S.  W.  county,  Tennessee. 

Area,  576  sq.  m.  Cap.  Somerville.  Pro- 
duces cotton  &  tobacco.     P.  26,719. 

VIII.  an  Eastern  county  of  la.  Area, 
400  sq.  m.  Cap.  Connersville.  Has  im- 
mense water  power.     P.  10,217. IX. 


County,  Texas.      Cap.   La  Grange. 

3,756. X.  town,  Kennebec  co.  Me, 

1,016. XI.  p-t,  Seneca  co.  N.  Y., 

13* 


tween  Cayuga  &  Seneca  lakes.  Gypsum 
&  limestone  are  found  here.      P.  3,731. 

XII.  V.  &  port  of  entry,  Chautauque 

CO.   N.  Y. XIII.   p-t.,   Alleghany  co. 

Pa.      P.   2,484. XIV.   p-v.,    cap.   of 

Jefferson,    co.    Miss. XV.  p-v.,  cap. 

Howard  co.  Mo.     P.  1,000. XVI.  p-v., 

c.  H.     Cap.  Fayette  co.  Ala. XVII. 

county,  Iowa.     P.  825. 

Fayetteville,  p-v.,  cap.  Fayette  co. 

Va. II.   p-v.,    cap.    Cumberland   co, 

N.  C,  on  Cape  Fear  r.  It  is  regularly 
laid  out  with  streets  100  ft.  wide.  It  has 
an  U.  S.  arsenal.  Was  burnt  in  1831. 
Is  recovering  from  the  disaster.  Trade 
in  grain,  flour,  tobacco,  &  naval  stores. 

P.  4,648. III.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Fayette  co. 

Ga.,   on    a  br.  of  Flint  r. IV.    p-v., 

cap.  Lincoln  co.  Tenn.,  on   Elk  r. V. 

p-v.,  cap.  Washington  co.  Ark.,  on  White 
r.     P.  500. 

Fayl-Billot  (Le),  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Haute  Marne,  cap.  cant. 
P.  2,324. 

Fayoe,  a  small  isl.  of  Denmark.  P. 
1,500. 

Fayo.um,  a  prov.  of  Middle  Egypt, 
consisting  of  a  valley,  40  m.  S.W.  Cairo, 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  Nile.  L.  38  m.; 
br.  31  m.  In  its  N.  part  is  the  famous 
Lake  Mceris.  It  yields  wheat,  olive  oil, 
attar  of  roses,  indigo,  &  nitre. 

Fazeley,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  Staf- 
ford. P.  1,490.  Tbe  late  Sir  R.  Peel's 
cotton  factory  was  in  this  tnshp. 

Fazilpoor,  a  small  &  decayed  town 
of  N.W.  Hindostan,  Bhawlpoor  territory. 
Feale,  a  riv.  of  Ireland,  Munster.     L. 
30  m.  ■ 

Fearing,  p-t.,  AVashington  co.  0.  P. 
1,019. 

Fecamp,  a  comm.  &  seaport  town  of 
France,  dep.  Seine  Inf.,  on  the  English 
channel,  at  the  mouth  of  the  riv.  Fe- 
camp. P.  9,737.  Its  port,  though  small, 
is  one  of  the  best  on  the  channel. 

Fedt,  a  vill.  &  pa.  of  Norway,  on  Lake 
Ojeren.     P.  2,360. 

Feejee  Isls.,  a  group  in  the  Pacific, 
forming  a  section  of  tbe  Friendly  Isls., 
between  lat.  15°  30'  &  19°  30'  S.,  &  Ion. 
177°  E.  &  178°.  W.,  comprising  154  isls., 
of  which  65 -are  inhabited.  Principal 
isls  ,  KantaoUjOvolau,  Ambau,  Muthuatu. 
Estimated  pop.~  of  group  133,000,  who 
are  cannibals^  of  the  worst  description. 
There  are  missionary  stations  at  Kewa, 
Viwa,  &  at  other  points. 

Fegersheim,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  B.  Rhin.     P.  1,771. 

Fegreac,  a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Loire 
Inf.     P.  2,305. 


298 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY, 


[fer 


Fehrbellin,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov. 
Brandenburg.  P.  1,644.  In  1675  the 
Swedes  were  defeated  here  by  the  troops 
under  the  elector  of  Brandenburg. 

Feia,  a  large  lake  of  Brazil,  prov. 
Rio  Janeiro,  near  the  Atlantic. 

Feignies,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  iNTord.     P.  1,846. 

Feira,  a  seaport  town  of  Portugal, 
prov.  Beira,  on  the  Atlantic.     P.  2,000. 

Feisthitz,  a  riv.  of  Styria,  which 
joins  the  Raab  below  Furstenfeld,  after  a 
S.^.  course  of  about  50  m. 

Felaniche,  a  town  of  the  isl.  Majorca. 
P.  8,102. 

Feldkirch,  a  town  of  the  Tyrol,  Vo- 
rarlberg,  circ.  Bregenz,   on  the  III.     P. 

2,300. Feldkirchen  is   the  name   of 

a  vill.  of  Baden. 

Feldsberg,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria. 
P.  2,322. 

Felegyhaza,  a  town  of  Hungary,  W.. 
of  the  Theiss,  cap.  dist.  Litt.  Cumania,  on 
the  road  between  Pesth  &  Temesvar. 
P.  17,000. 

Felice  (San),   two  vills.  of  N.  Italy. 

1.  Lombardy,  on  the  W.  bank  of  L. 

Garda.     P.  1,100. II.  duchy  Modena. 

P.  3,000. 

Felicien  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ardeche,  cap.  cant.  P. 
•2,200.     Manufs.  cloth. 

FpLix  (St.),  an  isl.,  S.  Pacific  ocean, 

W.  of  Copiapo,   Chile. II.  a  cape  on 

the  S.  coast  of  Madagascar. 

Felix  (St.),  two  comms.  &  towns  of 
France.— I.  dep.  H.  Garonne.    P.  2,698. 

II.  {de  Sorgue),  dep.  Aveyron.     P. 

1,890. 

Felizzano,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont;  cap. 
mand.,_on  the  Tanaro.     P.  2,175. 

Fellbach,  a  market  town  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  circ.  Neckar.     P.  2,700. 

Felletin,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Creuse,  on  the  Ore  use.  P.  2,959. 
It  has  manufs.  of  carpets,  velvets,  & 
paper. 

Fellin,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Livo- 
nia, cap.  dist.     P.  3,000. 

Felsberg,  a  town  of  H.-Cassel,  prov. 
Lower  Hessen,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Eder.  P. 
1,233. 

Feltre,  a  town  of  X.  Italy,  gov.  Ve- 
nice, on  a  height  near  the  l^iave.  P. 
5,500.  In  1809,  Napoleon  conferred  the 
title  of  the  duke  of  Feltre,  on  General 
Clarke. 

Felujah,  a  castle  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
pash.  Bagdad,  on  the  Euphrates. 

F-EMERN,  an  isl.  of  Denmark,  prov. 
Sohleswig,  in  the  Baltic.  Area  70  sq.  m. 
P.  8,860.- 


Femina^  a  small  rocky  island  off  the 
N.  coast  of  Sicily. 

Femme  Osage,  p-t.,  St.  Charles  co. 
Mo.     P.  1,358. 

Fenain,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Nord.     P.  1,942. 

Fenestrelle,  a  market  town  of  Pied- 
mont, div.  Turin,  cap.  maad.,  on  the 
Clusone.     P.  L291. 

Fenetrange,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Meurthe,  cap.  eant.,  on  1.  b. 
the  Sarre.     P.- 1,473. 

Fenner,  p-t.,  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
1,997. 

Fennit,  an  isl.,  Ireland,  Munster,  co. 
Kerry. 

Fentress,  N.  county,  Tenn.  Area 
560  sq.  m.     Cap.  Jamestown.    P.  4,454. 

Ferahabad,  a  marit.  town  of  Persia, 
prov.  Mazanderan,  at  the  mouth  of  a 
riv.  in  the  Caspian  sea. 

Ferdinandea,  a  remarkable  volcanic 
island,  which  appeared  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean, 31st  July,  1831,  in  lat.  37°  8'  3" 
N.,  Ion.  12°  42'  15'  E.,  between  Sicily  & 
Pantellaria,  &  remained  visible  above 
the  water  for  3  months. 

Fere  (La),  a  comm.  &  fortified  town 
of  France,  dep.  Aisne,  cap.  cant.,  on  an 

island  in  the  Oise.     P.  3,129. II.  {F. 

Champenoise),  a  comm.  &  vill.  dep. 
Marne,  cap.  cant.  P.  1,526".  Here,  on 
24th  March,  1814,  the  French  were  totally 

defeated  by  the  allies. III.  (Tarde- 

nois),  a  comm.  &  town,  dep.  Aisne,  cap. 
cant.,  on  the  Ourcq.     P.  2,212. 

Fered,  a  town  of  Europ.  Turkey, 
Rumili,  near  r.  b.  of  the  Maritza,  with 
mineral  baths.     P.  3,000. 

Ferengal,  a  remarkable  lead  mine  in 
N.  Affghanistan,  extensively  wrought  at 
a  remote  period,  but  long  concealed,  & 
re-discovered  only  a  few  years  ago. 

Ferentino,  a  town  of  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.     P.  6,800. 

Fergus,  a  riv.  of  Ireland,  Munster. 
L.  27  m. 

Ferguson,  t..  Centre  co.  Pa.  P. 
1,254. 

Fbria,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Bada- 
jos.     P.  2,437.     Manufs.  cloths. 

Ferianeh,  a  town  of  N.  Africa,  in  the 
desert,  dom.  Tunis. 

Ferla,  a  town  of  Sicily,  intend.  Syra- 
cuse, cap.  cant.     P.  3,596. 

Ferlach,  a  vill.  of  Carinthia,  circ. 
Klagenfurt,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Drave.  P. 
2,000. 

Fermanagh,  an  inland  co.  of  Irel., 
Ulster.     Area  714  sq.m.     P.  115,978. 

FeIimo,  a  city  of  Central  Italy,  Pontif. 
state,  4  m.  from  the  Adriatic.     P.  7,000. 


fee] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZEXIEER. 


2d9 


Fermoselle,  a  frontier  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Zamora,  near  the  Douro.  P. 
3,360.     Manufs.  cloths. 

Fehmoy,  a  market  town  of  Irel.,  Mun- 
ster,  CO.  Cork,  on  the  rt.  b.  of  the  Black- 
water.    P.  6,379. 

Fernando  de  Noronha,  an  isl ,  S. 
Atlantic  ocean,  125  m.  from  the  E.  ex- 
trem.  of  Brazil,  to  which  empire  it  be- 
longs. 

Fernando  Po,  an  isl.  of  Africa,  in  the 
gulf  of  Guinea,  between  lat.  3°  10'  &  3° 
44'  N.,  Ion.  8°  22'  &  8°  54'  E.  L.  45  m. 
P.  estimated  at  14,000,  Negroes  of  a 
mild  &  peculiar  character.  Fernando 
Po  was  taken  possession  of  by  Spain  in 
1778,  &  abandoned  in  1782,  garrisoned 
by  Britain  in  1827,  &  abandoned  in  1E34. 
In  February  1843,  the  Spaniards  again 
took  possession. 

Fernan  Nunez,  a  town  of  Spain, 
proT.  Cordova.    P.  5,652. 

Ferney,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Ain, 
cap.  cant.,  at  the  foot  of  the  Jura  moun- 
tains. It  was  a  miserable  hamlet  till 
Voltaire  fixed  his  residence  there.  In 
1768,  he  established  a  manuf  of  watches, 
which  occupied  800  hands. 

Ferns,  a  towTi  of  Irel.,  Leinster,  co. 
Wexford.     P.  632. 

Febozabad,  a  town  of  British  India, 

presid.  Bengal. -II.  a  town,  Nizam's 

dom.,  on  the  Beemah. III.  a  town  of 

Persia,  prov.  Fars. 

Ferozepore,  a  town  of  N.W.  India, 
dist.  Sirhind,  near  1.  b.  of  the    Sutleje. 

II.  Ferozeshah,  a  yill.,    where    the 

British  gained  a  victory  over  the  Sikhs, 
18th  November,  1845. 

Ferrandina,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Basilicata.     P.  4,900. 

Ferrara,  a  famous  city  of  Italy,  cap. 
the  most  N.  legation  of  Pontif.  sta.,  on 
the  Po  di  Volano.  P.  25,586,  l-3d  Jews. 
Principal  edifices,  the  old  ducal  palace, 
a  moated  fortress,  a  vas.t  cathedral,  the 
palace  in  which  the  Ariostean  academy 
meets,  &  where  are  some  rooms  once  oa- 
cupiecl  by  Calvin ;  the  college  of  medi- 
cine &  jurisprudence,  with  rich  museums, 
a  public  library  of  80,000  vols.  &  900 
MSS.,  &  many  relics  of  Ariosto.  Under 
the  line  of  Este,  it  was  the  cap.  of  a  sove- 
reign ducby,  &  possessed  one  of  the  most 
polished  courts  in  Italy,  &  a  pop.  of  more 
than  80,000.  In  the  15th  century,  it  was 
famous  for  its  school  of  painting,  &  in  the 
16tb,  it  was  the  asylum  of  Calvin,  Marot,- 
&  many  other  eminent  Reformers.  It 
was  long  the  favorite  residence  of  Ariosto, 
&  was  the  place  of  confinement  of  Tasso, 
whose  prison  is  still  shown. 


Ferrazzano,  a  vill.  of  Naples,  prov. 
Molise.     P.  2  450. 

Ferreira,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov. 

Alemtejo. II.  a  vill.,  Portugal,  Estre- 

madura. Ferreira    is   a    vill.,   prov. 

Beira. 

Ferriere,  several  comms.  &  vills.  of 

France. 1,  dep.  AUier.  P.  3,228. ■ 

II.  {La),  dep.  Orne.     P.  1,497. III. 

Is^re. 

Ferrieres,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
5ep.  Loiret,  cap.  cant.     P,  1,782. 

Ferrintosh,  a  vill.  &  barony  of  Scot!., 
in  CO.  Ross. 

Ferrisburg,  t.,  Addison  co.  Vt.,  on 
Lake  Cham  plain.     P.  1,755. 

Ferro,  the  most  S.W.  of  the  Canary 
islands.  Lat.  of  N.W.  point  27°  45'  8" 
N.,  Ion.  18°  7'  5"  W.  of  Greenwich.  It 
is  known  chiefly  as  the  place  whence  the 
longitude  is  reckoned  by  many  of  the  ge- 
ographers of  Europe.  Area  of  isl.  100 
sq.  m.  P.  4,337.  Chf.  town,  Valverde. 
Cape  Ferro,  Algeria,  prov.  Constan- 
tino, forms  the  E.  side  of  the  gulf  of 
Stora. 

Ferrol,  a  seaport  town  &  one  of  the 
principal  naval  arsenals  of  Spain,  on  the 
N.  arm  of  the  bay  of  Betanzos.  P.  15,- 
720.  Its  harbor,  one  of  the  best  in  Eu- 
rope, is  entered  by  a  strait  which  admits 
only  one  ship  at  a  time.  Its  vast  arse- 
nal and  dockyard,  founded  by  Charles 
III.,  covers  nearly  24  acres,  and  com- 
prises many  magnificent  docks  and  store- 
houses. 

Ferrybridge,  a  small  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  York,  W.  Riding,  on  the  Aire. 

Ferryland,  a  small  marit.  town  of 
Newfoundland,  on  the  S.E.  coast. 

Ferte  (La),  an  old  term  signifying  a 
feudal  fortress,    is   the   name   of   many 

towns,  &c.,  of  France. 1.  {Bernard), 

dep.  Sarthe,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  1.  b.  of  the 

Huisne.    P.  2,595. II.  ( Gaucher),  dep. 

Seine-et-Marne,    cap.    cant.      P.    1,914. 

III.  {Mace),  dep.  Orne,  cap.  cant.   P. 

2,891. IV.  {Milan),  dep.  Aisne,  on  the 

Oureq.    P.  1,944.   Birth-place  of  Racine. 

V.  {sous  Jouarre),  a  comm.  &  town, 

dep.  Seine-et-Marne,  cap.  cant.,  on  the 
Marne.  P.  3,267.  About  1,200  pairs  mill- 
stones are  annuallj'  quarried  in  its  vi- 
cinity,   and   exported   to   England    and 

America. VI^  {St.  Aubin),  a  comm. 

&  town,  dep.  Loiret.     P.  1,533. VII. 

{Sur  Aube),  a  comm.  &  town,  dep.  H. 
Marne,  Chaumont.     P.  1,131. 

Ferzah,  a  vill.  and  dist.  of  Affghanis- 
tan.  The  dist.  highly  cultivated  &  fer- 
tile, has  a  pop.  of  about  4,000  Affghans  & 
Tadjiks. 


300 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[pit 


Fesa,  a  town  ,of  Persia,  prov.  Fars. 
Estim.  p.  18,000. 

Festenberg,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sile- 
sia.   P.  2,476. 

Fethard,  a  munic.  town  of  Irel.,  Mun- 
ster,  CO.  Tipperary.  P.  3,915.  It  was 
built  in  the  reign  of  King  John  ;  most  of 
the  original  walls  &  gateways  remain 
entire. 

Fetlar,  one  of  the  most  N.  of  the 
Shetland  Isles.     P.  761. 

Fettercairn,  a  pa.  of  Scotland,  co. 
Kincardine,  on  the  N.  Esk.  Here  is  a 
very  anc.  ruin  called  "  Fenella's  castle," 
in  which  Kenneth  III.  is  said  to  have 
been  murdered  in  the  10th  century. 

Feuchtwang,  a  walled  town  of  Bava- 
ria, circ.  Middle  Franeonia,  on  the  Suh. 
P.  2,550. 

Feubrbach,  a  market  town  of  AYiir- 
temberg,  circ.  Neckar.     P.  2,538. 

Feuillee  (La),  two  vills.  of  France. 

1,  dep.  Seine  Inf.     P.  2,154. II. 

Finisterre,  with  1,902  inhabs. 

Feuhs,  acomm.  <fc  town  of  France,  dep. 
Loire,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Loire.     P.  2,063. 

Feveda,  an  island,  N.  America,  in  the 
gulf  of  Georgia,  Oregon  territory,  be- 
tween Vancouver  island  &  the  mainland. 
L.  32  m.;  av.  br.  2  m. 

Feye-oe,  a  small  isl.  off  the  W.  coast 
of  Norway,  30  m.  N.W.  Bergen. 

Fez,  an  anc.  &  important  city  of  Mo- 
rocco, cap.  prov.  P.  probably  does  not 
exceed  40,000.  Fez  is  the  holy  city  of 
the  empire,  &  one  of  the  three  residences 
of  the  Sultan ;  founded  about  a.d.  800. 
It  is  said  to  have  360  mosques,  the  chf. 
of  which  has  300  pillars  &  numerous 
fountains,  its  tower  contains  globes  & 
astronomical  instruments,  which  are  neg- 
lected &  in  decay.  The  most  venerated 
mosque  is  that  of  Muley  Edris,  the  founder 
of  Fez,  which  contains  his  sepulchre,  has 
a  fine  minaret,  &  is  a  sanctuary  for  all 
criminals.  In  the  16th  century  it  was 
celebrated  in  Europe  as  a  place  of  edu- 
cation. 

Fezzan,  an  extensive  region  of  Africa, 
S.  of  Tripoli,  &  separated  by  a  chain  of 
mountains  from  Ghraat  on  the  W.,  is 
formed  by  a  number  of  oases  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  desert. 

FicARizzi,  a  maritime  vill.  of  Sicily, 
prov.  Messina.     P.  1,820. 

FrccAROLO,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  gov. 
Venice,  on  the  Po.     P.  2,500. 

FicuLLE,  a  small  town  of  Italy,  Pontif. 
Stat.    P.  1,766., 

FiDALGO,  a  large  harbor  of  Russian 
Amer.,  on  its  S.  coast,  N.E.  Prince  Wil- 
liam sound. 


FiDALLAH,  a  seaport  town  of  MorOTCo, 
prov.  Fez,  near  the  Atlantic. 

FiDDicH,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  co. 
Banff. 

FiDDicHow,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pome- 
rania,  circ.  Grieffenhagen,  on  the  rt.  b. 
of  the  Oder.     P.  2,150. 

FiDELAiRE  (Le),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Euro.    P.  1,551. 

FiDERis,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Grisons. 

Fido-Kastro,  a  ruined  fort  of  Epirus, 
on  the  N.  shore  of  the  gulf. 

FiEsoLE,  a  town  of  Tuscany,  prov. 
Florence,  on  a  steep  hill  commanding  a 
fine  view  of  the  Arno  valley.  P.  2,404. 
It  was  anciently  one  of  the  12  principal 
cities  of  Etruria. 

FiFE-NESs,  a  promontory  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Fife,  projecting  on  the  N.  sea. 

FiFESHiRE,  a  marit.  co.  of  Scotland, 
forming  a  peninsula,  on  its  E.  coast  be- 
tween the  flrth  of  Tay  on  the  N..  &  the 
firth  of  Forth  on  the  S.  Greatest  1.  41 
m.,  do.  br.  18  m.  Area,  470  sq.  m.  P. 
153,011.  Farming  is  good,  &  the  agri- 
cultural populatioti  genei-ally  prosperous. 
Cattle  are  of  superior  breed.  Property 
is  more  subdivided  than  in  «iost  Scotch 
counties. 

FiGEAc,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Lot,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Selle.  P.  5,982. 
Beyond  the  town  are  two  remarkable 
obelisks.  Champollion  was  born  here  in 
1790. 

FiGLiNE,  a  vill.  of  Tuscany,  prov.  S.E. 
Florence,  near  1.  b.  of  the  Arno.  P.  4,100. 

FiGUEiRA,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov. 
Beira,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mondego, 
which  forms  its  port,   24  m.  S.W.  Goim- 

bra.     P.  6,000. II.  a  vill.  &  seaport, 

prov.  Algarves. 

FiGUEiRO-Dos-ViNHOs,  a  towu  of  Por- 
tugal, Bstremadura.     P.  2,410. 

FiGUEHAs,  a  frontier  town  of  Spain,  & 
one  of  the  strongest  fortresses  in  Europe, 
prov.  Gerona,  near  the  French  frontier. 
P.  8,050.  Principal  edifices,  a  large  cit- 
adel, built  by  Ferdinand  VI.,  with  vast 
arsenals  &  magazines,  &  quarters  for 
16,000  men.  It  was  taken  by  the  French 
in  1808,  1811,  &  1823. 

FiLADELFiA,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Calab.  Ult.  II.     P.  3,300. 

FiLEHNE,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
on  an  island  in  the  Netze.     P.  3,480. 

FiLEV,  a  small  watering  place  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  York,  Si.  Riding,  on  a  tongue  of 
land  projecting  into  the  N.  sea.    P.  1,590. 

FrLippo  d'Ahgiro  (San),  a  town  of 
Sicily,  cap.  cant.,  near  the  centre  of  the 
island.    P.  (with  comm.),  7,156. II.  a 


Fis] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


301 


Till,  of  S.  Italy,  Naples,  prov.  Calab.  Ult. 
I.    P.  1,500. 

FiLLAN,  a  riv.  of  Scotland,  co.  Killin. 
FiLOR,  a  towa  of  the  Punjab,  on  the 
Sutlej. 

FiLS,  a  river  of  Wiirtemberg,  which 
joins  the  Neckar. 

Finale,  two  towns  of  N.  Italy. 1. 

Sardinian   states,  div.  Genoa,  cap.  prov. 

on  the  gulf  of  Genoa.    P.  5,018. II.  a 

frontier  town  of  the  Modenese  dom.,  cap. 
cant.,  near  the  Po.     P.  8,000. 

FiNANA,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Al- 
meria,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Almirez.  P. 
3,173. 

FiNCASTLE,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Bottetourt  co. 
Va.     A  pleasant  village. 

FiNDHOEN,  a  river  of  Scotland.  Length 

45  m.      Fearful    inundations,    producing 

"  the  Moray  Flood,"  took  place  in  1829. 

FiNDLAY,  t.,   Alleghany   co.    Pa.      P. 

1,367. 11.   p-t.,   cap.   Hancock  co.  0. 

P.  5,554. 

FiNDOE,  a  siaall  isl.  off  the  S.W.  coast 
of  Norway.  Its  church  contains  a  monu- 
ment recording  a  victory  obtained  over 
the  Scotch. 

FiNESTRAT,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Al- 
icante, on  the  Torres.  P.  2,720,  who 
manuf.  rush-wares. 

FiNGAL,  a  dist.  of  Ireland,  Leinster, 
CO.  Dublin,  N.  of  the  Liffey.     The  inhab- 
itants were  originally  Finnish  or  Nor- 
wegian settlers  (whence  the  name). 
FiNHAN,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
.  France,  dep.  Tarn-et-Garonne.     P.  1,646. 
FiNisTERE,  a  dep.  of  France,  forming 
its  N.W.    angle,  cap.   Quimper.     Area, 
2,690  sq.  m.     P. 

FiNisTERRE  (Cape),  a  promontory  of 
Spain,  forming  the  N.W.  angle  of  the 
peninsula. 

FiNLAGAN,  a  lake  o£  Scotland,  isl.  of 
Islay. 

Finland  (Principality  of),  an  ad- 
ministrative division  of  the  Russian  em- 
pire, cap.  Helsinfgors,  situated  between 
lat.  59°  48'  &  70°  6'  N.,  &  Ion.  20°  &  32° 
E.  Area,  136,000  sq.  m.  P.  1,411,952. 
Surface  flat ;  traversed  in  centre  by  a 
chain  of  low  hills,  separating  the  basins 
of  the  White  sea  &  the  Baltic.  Highest 
point,  1,300  feet.  The  S.  part-  of  the 
country  is  nearly  covered  with  water, 
forming  a  remarkable  system  of  lakes 
&  marshes.  Rivers  mostly  small.  Chief 
lakes,  Ladoga,  Saima,  &  UUa.  Climate 
healthy  on  the  coasts.  Chief  crops,  rye 
&  barley.  The  potato,  introduced  in 
1762,  is  extensively  cultivated.  Chief 
educational  establishment,  the  university 
of  Helsingfors. II.  {Gulf  of),  one  of 


the  great  a,rms  of  the  Baltic  sea,  bounded 
N.  by  Finland,  &  E.  &  S.  by  the  Ru.ssiaa 
govs.  St.  Petersburg  &  Revel.  L.  E.  to 
W.,  260  m. ;  br.  N.  to  S.,  25  to  90  m.  It 
contains  numerous  isls.,  principal  Cron- 
stadt. 

FiNMAHK,  an  extensive  prov.  of  Nor- 
way, forming  the  N.-most  portion  of 
continental  Europe,  situated  between  the 
Arctic  ocean  &  Russian  Lapland.  Area, 
27,450  sq.  m.  P.  36,854.  It  comprises 
numerous  islands,  oa  the  N.-most  of 
which  is  North  cape. 

Finn,  a  lake  &  river  of  Ireland,  Ulster, 
CO.  Donegal. 

Finnan,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  co. 
Inverness. 

FiNSBURY,  Engl.,  CO.  Middlesex,  com- 
prising the  N.  part  of  the  metropolis,  be- 
tween the  bor.  Marylebone  on  the  W.  & 
the  Tower  Hamlets  on  the  E.,  &  on  the 
S.  bordering  on  the  city  of  London  & 
liberty  of  Westminster. 

Finster-Aarhorn,  a  mountain  of 
Switzerland,  culm,  point  of  the  Bernese 
Alps,  is  14,026  feet  in  elev. 

FiNSTERMiJNz,  a  narrow  pass  in  the 
Alps  of  the  Tyrol,  on  the  Inn. 

FiNSTERWALDE,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
prov.  Brandenburg.     P.  4,680. 

FiNTONA,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Ulster.     P.  1,327. 

FiORA,  a  river  of  Central  Italy,  Tus- ' 
cany,  &  the  Ponlif.  states,  40  m.  long. 

"F'lORENZTjOLA,  a  town  of  N.  Italy, 
duchy  Piacenza,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  jiEmil- 
ian  Way.  P.  2,750.  Eight  m.  S.  are  the 
ruins  of  the  anc.  Veleia,  buried  by  a  fall 
of  sand  in  the  4tb  century,  &  rediscover- 
ed in   1761. II.    a  vill.  of  Tuscany, 

prov.  Florence,  on  the  Santerno. III. 

a  vill.  Pontif.  states. 

FiRANDO,  an  island  of  Japan,  off  the 
N.W.  coast  of  Kiusiu.  On  its  E.  side  is 
the  town  Firando,  with  a  good  harbor. 

Firming,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Loire.     P.  2,258. 

FiRozGUR,  a  town  of  India,  on  the 
Beeraah. 

FiscHA,  a  market  town  of  Lower  Aus- 
tria, with  castle  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Gross 
Fischa  river.     P.  1,220. 

FiscHBACH,  a  vill.  of  Prussian  Silesia. 

Flschhausen,  a  seaport  town  of  E. 
Prussia,  cap.  circ. 

Fisher's  Island,  New  York,  is  14  m. 
N.  from  E.  end  of  Long  Island.     L.  8  m. 

II.  Fisher  strait,  in  N.W.  Amer.,  is 

between  Princess  Royal  Isls.  &  the  main- 
land. 

Fishguard,  a  seaport  towu  of  S. 
Wales,  CO.  Pembroke. 


^hi. 


302 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[flk 


Fishing  Ceeek,  p-t,  Columbia  co.  Pa. 
P.  904. 

FisHKiLL,  p-t.,  Duteliess  co.  N.  Y.,  on 
the  Hudson  r.  Manufs.  of  cottons,  wool- 
lens, &  leather.     P.  9,240. 

FisHKiLL  Landing,  p-v.,  in  the  above 
town  at  the  entrance  of  Fishkill  cr.  into 
the  Hudson,  opposite  Newburg. 

Fishkill  Mountains,  the  Highlands 
of  the  Hudson,  &  abr.  of  the  Alleghanies. 

FisMEs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Marne,  cap.  cant.     P.  2,190. 

FissATA,  a  seaport  of  N.  Africa,  dom. 
Tripoli. 

FiTATS,  a  town  of  Japan,  isl.  Niphon, 
cap.  prov.,  on  a  river  near  the  E.  coast, 
90  m. 

FiTCHBURG,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.  Mass. 
Manufs.  of  woollens,  cottons,  &  paper. 
P.  5,120. 

FiTCHViLLE,  p-t.,  Huron  co.  0.  P. 
1,292. 

FiTERO,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Na- 
varra,  Pamplona,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Alhama. 
P.  2,263. 

Fitful-Head,  a  headland,  S.  coast  of 
Shetland,  W.  of  Quendal  bay.  Elev. 
400  feet. 

'  FiTTRE,   a  lake.  Central  Africa,    M- 
gritia. 

FiTZHUGH  Sound,  a  strait  of  N.W. 
Amer.,  separating  Calvert  isl.  from  the 
mainland;  18  m.  long,  3  m.  broad. 

FiTzwiLLiAM,  p-t.,  Cheshire  co.  N".  H. 
P.  1,366. 

FiuMARA-Di-MuRO,  a  vill.  of  Naples, 
prov.  Calab.  Ult.  I.     P.  1,400.      . 

FiUME,  a  seaport  town  of  the  Austrian 
dom.,  cap.  the  Hungarian  Littorale  (Cro- 
atia), on  the  gulf  of  Quarnero,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Fiumara,  in  the  Adriatic. 
P.  11,000.  Harbor  small,  &  large  ships 
lie  in  a  deep  &  tolerably  sheltered  road- 
stead. Fiume,  a  free  port,  is  the  imme- 
diate outlet  by  sea  for  the  produce  of 

Hungary. II.  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy.     P. 

2,000. III.  {di  Nisi),  a  seaport  vill. 

of  Sicily,  pi-ov.  &  on  the  strait  of  Mes- 
sina.    P.  2,200. 

Fiume-Freddo,  a  town  of  Naples, 
pi-ov.  Calab.  Cit.,  cap.   cant.,   near   the 

Mediterranean.     P.  2,400. II.  a  vill. 

of  Sicily,  on  the  little  riv.  of  same  name. 
P.  2,840. 

FiuMicELLO,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy. 

FiUMiciNO,  a  small  seaport  vill.  of 
Central  Italy,  Pontif.  sta. 

Five,  a  prefix  of 1.  (Five  Fingers 

Point),  a  headland  of  New  Zealand,  Mid- 
dle Isl.,  on  its  W.  coast.  "The  Five 
Fingers"  is  another  point,  on  the  same 
coast,   about  16   m.  S.   Cape   Foulwind. 


II.  {Five  Hummocks  Foinl),  Lffwer 

California,  on  its  W.  coast. III.  (Five 

Islands  Harbor),  a  bay  on  the  W.  coast 

of  the  isl.  Antigua,  Brit.  W.  Indies. 

IV.  {Five  Men's  sound),    in  Frobisher 
strait,  British  N.  America. 

FivizzANO,  a  town  of  Tuscany,  on  1. 
b.  of  the  Rosaro.     P.  1,800. 

Flagstad-oe,  a  small  isl.  off  the  S.E. 

coast  of  Norway. II.  one  of  the  Loff- 

oden  isls.,  S.  of  Vest-Vaagen. 

Flanders,  an  extensive  country  of 
Europe,  comprised  between  the  Lower 
Scheldt,  the  German  ocean,  Artois,  Hiii- 
nault,  &  Brabant. 

Flanders  (East  &  West),  two  con- 
tiguous provs.  of  Belgium.  Having  N.W. 
the  N.  sea.      United  area  2,503  sq.  in. 

P.  1,634,276. II.     an    old    prov.    of 

France,  of  which  the  cap.  was   Lille,  is 
now  comprised  in  the  dep.  Nord. 

Flannan  Isles,  a  group  of  islets, 
Hebrides,  Scotland. 

Flatbush,  p-t..  Kings  co.  N.  Y.,  4  m. 
S.E.  of  Brooklyn.  The  scene  of  a  battle 
of  the  revolution.    P.  3,176.       ~  , 

Flatholm,  an  islet  of  Engl.,  in  the 
Bristol  channel,  co.  Somerset. 

Flat  (Island),  a  small  isl.,  Mergui 
archip.,  S.E.  Asia. — {Islands),  two  islets 
off  the  W-  coast  of  Sumatra. — {Flat- 
Point)  is  the  S.  extremity  of  the  isl.  Su- 
matra, &  a  headland  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Borneo. 

Flatlands,  t.,  Kings  co.  N.Y.  P.  1,155. 

Flatow,  a  town  of  W.  Prussia,  Ma- 
rienwerder.     P.  2,320. 

Flattery  (Cape),  a  headland  of  U.  S. 
territory,  Oregon,  at  the  entrance  of  the 

strait  of  Juan  de  Fuca,  S.  side. II.  a 

cape  of  E.  Australia. 

Flavigny,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  cote  d'Or,  cap.  cant.,  with  1,234  in- 
habitants. 

Flavy-le-Martel,  a  comm.  &  vill. 
of  France,  dep.  Aisne.     P.  1,553. 

Flayosc,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Var,  arrond.  Draguignon.    P.  1,826. 

Fleche  (La),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Sarthe,  cap.  arrond.,  on  rt. 
b.  of  the  Loir.    P.  5,838. 

Fleckeroe,  an  isl.  off  the  S.  coast  of 
Norway. 

Fleet,  a  small  riv.  of  Scotland. II. 

{Loch),  an  arm  of  the  sea,  S.E.  coast  of 
CO.  Sutherland. 

Fleetwood,  a  new  seaport  &  watering 
place  of  England,  co.  Lancaster,  on  the 
Wyre.     P.  2,833. 

Flekkefiord,  a  marit.  town  of  Nor- 
way, on  an  inlet  of  the  N.  sea.     P.  873. 

Fleming,  N.E.  county  of  Ky.    Area, 


FLO 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


303 


570  sq.    in.       A   fine    agricultural    co. 

Cap.   Flemingsburg.      P.  13,914. II. 

p-t.,  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.,  on  Owasoo  lake. 
P.  1,193. 

Flemingsburg,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Fleming 
CO.  Ky. 

Elemington,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Hunterdon 
CO.  N.  J. 

Flensburg,  a  seaport  town  of  Den- 
mark, prov.  Schleswig,  on  its  E.  coast. 
P.  16,500.  Jt  has  a  harbor  fitted  for  the 
largest  vessels,  yards  for  building  W. 
India  merchant  ships,  sugar  refineries, 
distilleries,  dye-works,  foundries,"  chicory, 
vinegar,  &  tobacco  factories,  &  an  active 
general  trade. 

Fjlers,  a  comm.  &  toivn  of  France,  dap. 
Orne.     P.  4,063. 

Flesselles,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Somme.     P.  1,693. 

Fletcher,  p-t.;  Franklin  co.  Vt.  P. 
1,014. 

Fleurance,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gers,  cap.  cant.     P.  2,250. 

Fleurbaix,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Pas-de-Calais.     P.  3,041. 

Fleurier,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Neuchatel. 

Fleurs  Castle,  the  seat  of  the  duke 
of  Roxburgh,  in  Scotland,  co.  Roxburgh, 
on  the  Tweed. 

Fleurus,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Hainault,  in  a  wide  plain,  7  m.  JST.E. 
Charleroi.  P.  2,370.  Sanguinary  bat- 
tles took  place  in  its  vicinity  in  1622, 
1670,  1794,  &  1815. 

Fleusy,  numerous  comms.  &  vills.  of 

France. 1,  dep.  Aude.     P.  1,305. 

II.  Yonne.     P.  1.420. III.  {mr  An- 

delle),  Eure. IV.  {sur  LdOire),  on  the 

Loire. 

Flinders  (Land),  is  a  name  formerly 
given  to  the  coast  of  S.  Australia. — 
{Range,),  S.  Australia,  is  a  mntn.  system, 
extending,  with  its  ramifications,  through 
the  peninsula,  surrounded  by  Lake  Tor- 
rens.     Mount  Serle  is  its  chief  summit. 

Flines,  two  vills.  of  France,  dep.  Nord. 

1,  {lez  Rack),  N.E.  Douai,  with  3,574 

iuhabs. II.  (les  Mortagne),  on  jt.  b. 

of  the  Scheldt.     P.  1,832. 

Flinsberg,  a  vill.  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
on  the  Queiss.     P.  1,700. 

Flint,  a  seaport_&  watering  place  of 
N.  Wales,  cap.  co.  Flint,  on  the  estuary 

of  the  Doe. JI.  p-t.,  Genesee  co.  Mich. 

P.  984. IIl7  cr.,  an  affluent  of  Lake 

Ontario. IV.  r.,  br.  of  the  Saganaw, 

100  m.  long. V.  r.^  Ga.,   br.   of  the 

Chattahoochee.     L.  300  m. 

Flintshire,  a  marit.  co.  of  N.  Wales, 
having  N.  the  Irish  sea.-  Area,  244  sq.  m. 


P.  4,153.     Its   lead  mines  are  now  the 
most  extensive  in  the  empire. 

Flitsch,  a  mkt.  town  of  Illyria,  circ. 
Triest,  on  the  Isonzo.     P.  2,100. 

Flix,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Tarragona, 
on  a  peninsula  of  the  Ebro.     P.  1,937. 

Flixecourt,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Somme.    P.  1,729. 

Flobecq,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium, 
prov.  Ilainault.     P.  5,258. 

FlodDjA,  an  islet  of  the  Hebrides. 

Flodden,  a  hill  of  England,  co.  North- 
umberland. Around  its  base  was  fought, 
on  9th  Sept.,  1513,  the  celebrated  battle 
of  Flodden  Field,  between  the  English  & 
Scotch. 

Flogny,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Yonne,  cap.  cant. 

Flonheim,  a  market  town  of  W.  Ger- 
many, H.  Darmstadt.     P.  1,602. 

Florac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
cap.  arrond.,  dep.  Loz^re.     P.  1,904. 

Florence,  cap.  of  the  grand  duchy  of 
Tuscany,  is  one  of  the  finest  cities  in  the 
world.  It  is  situated  on  the  Amo,  in  a 
fertile  plain  at  the  foot  of  the  Apennines. 
P.  106,899.  Elev.  134  feet.  The  Amo 
is  here  crossed  by  5  bridges,  one  of  which, 
a  suspension  bridge,  was  erected  in  1844. 
The  city  contains  an  immense  number 
of  monuments  of  the  fine  arts,  the  chief 
of  which  are  the  cathedral  of  Sta.  Maria- 
del-Fiore,  the  master-piece  of  Brunelles- 
chi,  with  a  cupola  384  feet,  &  a  tower  266 
feet,  in  height.  The  church  of  Sta.  Croce, 
containing  the  tombs  of  Michael  Angelo, 
Galileo,  Michiavelli,  Alfieri  &  Dante  ;' 
the  church  of  Sta.  Maria  Novella,  St. 
Esprit,  &  247  other  churches  &  convents. 
The  famous  Florentine  gallery  contains 
the  Venus  di  Medici,  the  group  of  Niobe, 
&  the  richest  collections  of  paintings, 
sculptures,  &  antiquities  in  the  world. 
Among  its  many  educational  estabs.  are 
the  university,  founded  1438,  academy 
della  Crusca,  the  library  of  Magliabecchi, 
containing  (in  1845)  140,000  printed  vols., 
&  11,000  MSS.,  an  institution  of  the  fine 
arts,  &  a  magnificent  astronom.  observ- 
atory. Chf.  manufs.  silks,  carpets,  straw, 
hats,  mosaic  work,  porcelain,  &  jewellery. 
Florence  was  an  important  place  during 
the  wars  of  Sylla  ;  in  the  middle  ages  it 
was  one  of  the  most  powerful  of  the  Tus- 
can republics  ;  under  Napoleon  it  was 
cap.  of  the  dep.  of  the  Arno  in  the  French 

empire. II.    p-t.,    Oneida  co.   N.  Y. 

P.  2,575. III.   p-v.,  cap.  Lauderdale 

CO.  Ala.,  on  the  Tenn.  riv.,  near  Muscle 
shoals.     Regularly  laid  out,  with  streets. 

100  ft.  wide.     P.  1,170. IV.  t.,  Erie 

CO.  N.  Y.    P.  1,635. 


304 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


.    [flu 


Florensac,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Herault,  cap.  cunt.     P.  3,463. 

Florent(St.)  (Italian  San  Fiorenzo), 
a  seaport  town  of  Corsica,  on  its  N.  side, 

cap.  cant.,  on  the  gulf  of  St.  Florent. 

II.  (Ze  Vieil),  a  cotum.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Maine-et-Loire,  cap.  cant.,  on  the 
Loire.  P.  2,102.  The  Vendean  war  com- 
menced here  in  1793. 

Floeentin  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Yonne,  cap.  caut.    P.  2,205. 

Flores,  an  isl.  of  the  Malay  archipel- 
ago, &  the  largest  of  the  chain  that  ex- 
tends from  Java  to  Timor.  L.  200  m. ; 
br.  35  m.  The  native  inhabitants  are 
Timuri,  a  dark  curly-haired  race.  On 
the  coasts  are  several  colonies  of  Malays 
&  Bugis.  At  its  E.  extremity  is  Laran- 
tuca,  a  Portuguese  station.  The  strait 
of  Flores,  on  the   E.,  separates  this  isl. 

from  those  of  Solor  &  Adenara. II.  the 

most  W.  of  the  Azores.  Lat.  39°  25'  K., 
Ion.  31°  12'  W.  P.  9,000.  Surface 
mountainous,  but  fertile  ;  shores  steep. 
Principal  towns,  Santa  Cruz  &  Lagens. 

III.  an  isl.  of  .the  Plata  estuary,  22 

m.  E.  Montevideo. IM .  an  isl.,  N.W. 

America,  immediately  W.  Vaficouver  isl., 
in  the  PMific.  Lat.  49°  20'  N.,  Ion.  126° 
W.     L.  30  ra. ;  av.  br.  6  m. 

Florian  (St.),  a  vill.  of  Upper  Austria, 
circ.  Traun,  near  the  Danube. 

Florian,  a  suburb  of  La  Valetta, 
Malta. 

Florida,  a  state  in  the  S.  part  of  the 
Union,  between  lat.  25°  &  31°  N.,  &  Ion. 
JBO°.  &  87°  44'  W.,  having  N.  Georgia  & 
Alabama,  E.  the  Atlantic  ocean,  &  on 
other  sides  the  gulf  of  Mexico.  Area, 
57,000  sq.  m.  P.  (in  1840)  54,477,  (in 
1850)  87,401  :  of  these  39,341  are  slaves. 
The  state  is  divided  into  29  counties. 
Cap.  Tallahassee.  Most  part  of  it  consists 
of  a  peninsula  400  m.  in  length  by  120  m. 
in  average  breadth,  stretching  from  N.  to 
S.,  between  the  ocean  &  the  gulf  of 
Mexico,  &  separated  from  Cuba  by  Florida 
'  gulf  or  strait,  140  m.  across.  Surface  in 
the  N.  hilly  &  mostly  covered  with  pine 
woods ;  S.  of  lat.  28°  it  is  low,  &  com- 
prises the  region  of  magnolias,  &  dwarf 
palm.  Marshes  are  very  extensive.  Soil 
mostly  poor,  except  along  the  rivs.,  the 
principal  of  which  are  the  Appalacbicola, 
Suwance,  St.  John's,  &  Pensacola.  On 
its  E.  side  are  numerous  inlets  &  some 
good  harbors.  Maize,  cotton,  &  tobacco 
are  the  principal  crops  ;  some  rice,  sugar, 
&  cofifee  are  raised  ;  timber  is  an  impor- 
tant product.  Figs,  pomegranates,  oran- 
ges, &  dates  grow  freely  in  Florida.  It 
has  exiensive  grazing  lands,  on  which 


many  cattle  are  reared.  Total  value  of 
exports,  in  18S0,  $2,623,624  ;  of  imports, 
S93,709  ;  &  value  of  domestic  produce, 
^2,607,918.  Florida  has  no  state  debt, 
cor  any  railroads  or  canals  in  operation ; 
but  the  general  assembly  of  1848-9,  char- 
tered 3  companies  for  the  establishment 
of  railroiids.  There  is  no  college  in  this 
state.  Chief  towns  of  Fla.,  Tallahassee, 
the  cap.,  St.  Augustine,  &  Pensacola. 
Florida  was  discovered  by  Sebastian  Ca- 
bot in  1497.  It  was  ceded  by  Spain  to 
the  United  States  in  1821.  Its  present 
constitution  was  formed  in  1839,  &  it  was 
admitted  into  the  Union  in  1843.  It  was, 
a  few  years  ago,  the  scene  of  a  protracted 
warfare  between  the  white  citizens  & 
the  Seminole  Indians. II.  t ,  Mont- 
gomery   CO.    N.  Y.      P.    3,571. IIL 

{Cape),  a  headland  on  an  islet  of  the 
S.E.  coast  of  Florida.  It  has  a  light- 
house in  lat.  23°  47'  N.,  Ion.  80°  42'  W. 

IV.  {Gulf  of),  the  channel  between 

Florida  &  the  Bahama  isls.,  traversed 
by  the  "  gulf  stream." 

Florida-Keys,  a  chain  of  islets,  rock.^, 
&  sand-banks,  in  the  Bahama  channel, 
off  the  S.  extremity  of  Florida,  between 
lat.  24°  &  25°  N.,  &  Ion.  80°  &  83°  W. 
Here  numerous  wrecks  of  vessels  occur. 
On  one  of  the  islets  is  the  United  States 

arsenal  of  Key-AVest. II.  a  town  of 

Sicily,  intend.  Syracuse,  cap.  cant.  P. 
4,800.  " 

Flohidsdorf,  a  vill.  of  Lower  Austria, 
with  a  station  on  the  railway  from  Vien- 
na to  Olmutz.     P.  1,060. 

Florsheim,  a  vill.  of  W.  Germany,  on 
the  Mayn.     P.  2,000. 

Flota,  one  of  the  Orkney  islands. 

Flotte  (La),  a  comm.  &  seaport  town 
of  France,  dep.  Charente  Inf.,  on  the  N. 
shore  of  the  I.  de  Re.     P.  2,227. 

Flour  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Cantal,  cap.  arrond.     P.  4,818. 

Floyd,  county,  W.  Va.  Area,  525  sq. 
m.  Surface  mountainous.  Cap.  Jack- 
sonville.    Produces  tobacco.     Tanneries 

&    distilleries.      P.  6,458. II.  N.W. 

CO.  Ga.     Area,   460  sq.  m.     Cap.  Rome. 

P.  8,205. III.  eastern  county  of  Ky. 

Area,    1,400  sq.  m.     Cap.  Prestonburg. 

P.    5,714. IV.    S.-eastern  co.  of  la. 

Area,  144  sq.  m.  Cap.  New  Albany.  P. 
14,875. V.  t.,  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  Manu- 
factories of  woollens  &  cottons.  P.  1,495. 
VI.  t.,  Putnam  co.  la.     P.  1,296. 

Fluelen,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
&  on  the  lake  of  Uri.  Here  is  a  chapel 
erected  to  the  memory  of  Wm.  Tell  in 
1388. 

Flumendosa,  a  river  of  Sardinia,  div. 


d 


fon] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


305 


Sassari,  whicli  after  a  S.  &  E.  course  of 
60  in.,  enters  the  Mediterranean. 

Flushing,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of 
the  Netherlands,  prov.  Zeeland,  on  the 
S.  sideof  theisL  Wiilcheren,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  W.  Scheldt.  P.  7,725.  It  is  strongly 
defended,  &  has  2  harbors,  with  extensive 

dock-yaids. II.    p-t.,  Queens  county, 

N.  Y.,  9  m.  from  the  city  of  N.  Y.,  on 
Flushing  bay.  "  St.  Paul's  college,"  an 
Episcopal  seminary,  is  here.  P.  5,376. 
III.  p-t.,  Belmont  co.  0.     P.  1,683. 

Fluvanna,  county,  E.  Va.  Area,  416 
sq.  m.  The  gold  region  extends  through 
this  county,  &  is  worked  near  Palmyra 
the  cap.  Staple  product,  tobacco.  P. 
9,487. 

FocHASERs,  a  town  of  Scotl.,  co.  Moray. 

FoEiL  (Le),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Cotes-du-Nord.     P.  2,485. 

FoGARAs,  a  town  of  Transylvania,  cap. 
dist.,  on  the  Aluta.     P.  5,100. 

FoGGiA,  a  walled  city  of  Naples,  cap. 
prov.  Capitanata,  in  the  great  plain  of 
Apulia.  P.  25,000.  It  is  well  built,  but 
unhealthy. 

FoGLizzo,  a  vilh  of  the  Sardinian  sta., 
div.  prov.  Turin.     P.  2,917. 

FoGO,  one  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands, 
W.  of  Santiago,  nearly  circular,  &  40  m. 
in  circ.  It  is  formed  almost  entirely  of 
the  slopes  of  a  volcanic  mountain,  9,157 
feet  in  elevation.  The  first  eruption  of 
this  volcano  on  record  occurred  in  1680,  & 
the  last,  which  caused  great  destruction, 
9th  April,  1847.  Its  inhabitants  suffer 
severely  from  the  want  of  water  ;  during 
3  years  of  drought  (from  1730),  2-3ds  of 
the  inhabitants  perished  from  this  cause. 
In  1831  the  p.  was  reckoned  at  17,000. 
&  in  1843  only  7,000. 

FoGo,  a  small  isl.  off  the   E.  coast  of 

Africa,  Mozambique  channel.- II.  an 

isl.  N.E.  of  Newfoundland. 

FoHR,  an  island  of  Denmark,  off  the  W. 
coast  of  Schleswig,  in  the  N.  sea.  Area, 
25  sq.  m. 

FoiANO,  two  market  towns  of  Italy. 

1.  Naples,  prov.   Molise.     P.  2,000. 

— — II.  Tuscany,  prov.  Florence.  P. 
5,5S0. 

Foix,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Ariege,  on  1.  L.  of  the  Ariege,  at  the  foot 
of  the  Pyrenees.     P.  3,414. 

Fo-KiEN,  a  marit.  prov.  of  China,  hav- 
ing S.E.  the  China  sea,  &  on  other  sides 
the  provs.  Che-kiang,  Kiang-si,  &  Quang- 
tong.  P.  14,777,410.  Surface  mntnous. 
Principal  river,  the  Min.  Though  one 
of  the  smaller  provs.,  it  is  amongst  the 
most  wealthy  in  China. 

FoKTCHANY.  a  frontier  town  of  Wal- 


lachia  &  Moldavia,  Europ.  Turkey,  on  r 
b.  of  the  Milkov.     P.  6,000. 

FoLDVAH,  a  town  of  Hungary,  circ. 
Tolna,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Banube.  P.  10,- 
400. 

FoLEMBRAY,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Aisne.  P.  1,057.  It  has  an  exten- 
sive glass  factory  employing  900  work- 
men, &  producing  8  millions  of  wine  bot- 
tles annually. 

FoLGOAT  (Le),  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Finisteve,  14  m.  N.N.E.  Brest. 

FoLiGNO,  a  walled  town  of  Central 
Italv,  Pontif.  sta.,  on  the  Flaminian  way-. 
P.  9,000. 

Folkestone,  a  seaport  of  England, 
CO.  Kent.  The  town,  on  the  line  of  the 
S.E.  railway,  here  carried  across  a  lofty 
viaduct,  lies  in  a  hollow  between  2  high 
cliffs,  on  the  English  channel,  opposite 
Boulogne. 

FoLLONicA,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Tuscany, 
prov.  Pisa,  on  the  Mediterranean,  op- 
posite Elba.  All  the  ore  from  Elba  is 
brought  hither  to  be  smelted,  &  during 
8  months  of  the  year,  1,000,000  lbs.  of 
iron  are  produced  from  its  furnaces. 

Fonda,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Montgomery  co. 
N.  Y. 

Fond-des-Negres,  a  town  of  Hayti, 
in  its  S.W.  peninsula. 

FoNDi,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  T.  di 
Lavoro.  on  the  Appian  way.     P.  5,000. 

Fond  Du  Lac,  N.E.  county,  Wis. 
Area,  400  sq.  m.  Cap.  Fond  Du  Lac.  P. 
14,468.^ — II.  p-v.,  cap.  of  the  above  co. 
at  the  head  of  Winnebago  lake. 

FoNG,  a  name  of  many  cities  of  China. 

FoNNi,  a  vill.  of  the  isl.  Sardinia,  div. 
Cagliari.     P.  3,053. 

FoNSECA,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  To- 
ledo.    P.  4,162. 

FoNTAiNEBLEAu,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  cap.  arrond.,  dep.Seine-et-Marne 
in  the  middle  of  one  of  the  finest  forests 
in  France,  2  m.  from  1.  b.  of  the  Seine,  & 
on  the  railway  from  Paris  to  Lyon.  P. 
7,816.  It  is  celeb,  for  its  ancient  &  vast 
royal  palace. 

Fontaine  Fbancais,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  COte-d'Or,  cap.  cant.  P. 
1,208. 

Fontaine  l'Eveque,  a  town  of  Bel- 
gium, prov.  Hainault.    P.  3,018. 

Fontaine  Notre  Dame,  a  comm.  & 
vill.  of  France,  dep.  Nord.     P.  1,582. 

Fontana,  several  vills.  of  Italv.-^ 1- 

Naples,  prov.  T.  di  Lavoro.      P.  2,100. 

II.  {p.   Fredda),    N.  Italy^   deleg. 

Udine.— III.  duchy  of  Parma.  P.  1,000. 

Fontanarosa,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
princip.  Ult.  I.     P.  3,000. 


306 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[fob 


FoNTANELLA,  a  decayed  town  of  N. 
Italy.  —  Fontanellato  is  a  vill.,  duchy 
Parma.    P.  1,600. 

FoNTARABiA,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Guipuzcoa,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Bidasao, 
in  the  bay  of  Biscay.     P.  2,035. 

FoNTELLO,  a  market  town  of  Portugal, 
prov.  Beira,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Douro. 

FoNTENAY-LE-CoMTE,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Vendee,  on  the  Vendee. 
P.  6,426. 

FoNTENOY,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Hainault.  memorable  as  the  place  where, 
on  the  30th  April,  1745,  the  forces  under 
the  duke  of  Cumberland  were  defeated 

by  the  French  under  Marshal  Sase. 

II.  {F.-le- Chateau),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Vosges,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Toney. 
P.  1,372. 

■  FoNTEVRAULT,   a    comm.  &    town  of 
France,  dep.  Maine-et-Loire.     P.  1,400. 

FoNTViEiLLE,  acomm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  B.-du-Rhone.     P.  1,786. 

FoNz,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Huesca. 
P.  2,160. 

FoNZASo,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  gov.  Ve- 
nice, cap.  dist.     P.  2,700. 

FooRicARiA,  a  large  town  of  W.  Africa, 
Mandingo  country,  75  m.  N.N.E.  Sierra 
Leone. 

FoREACH,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 

dep.-Moselle,  cap.  cant.     P.  3,082. II. 

a  vill.  of  Baden,  circ.  Middle  Rhine,  on 
the  Murg.     P.  1,245. 

Forbes'  Islands,  off  the  N.E.  coast 
of  Australia,  in  Temple  bay. 

FoRCALL,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Cas- 
tellon  de  la  Plana,  on  an  affl.  of  the  Ebro. 
P.  2,000,  engaged  in  the  manuf.  of  sandal 
cords. 

FoRCALdUiER,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  B.  Alpes.     P.  1,998. 

FoRCHHEiM,  afortified  town  ofBavaria, 
circ.  Upper  Franc,  on  the  Regnitz.  P. 
3,000. 

FoRCHTENBERG,  a  towu  of  "Wiirtcm- . 
berg,  circ.  Jaxt.     P.  1,164. 

FoHDE,  a  pa.  &  vill.  of  Norway.  P. 
3,760. 

FoRDHAM,  v.,  "Westchester  co.  N.  Y., 
1-2J  m.  from  N.  Y.  city  hall.  St.  John's 
college,  a  Roman  Catholic  institution,  is 
here. 

FoRDiNGBRiDGE,  a  market  town  of 
England,  co.  Hants,  on  the  Avon.  P. 
3,073. 

FoRDON,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Poland,  on 
1.  b.  of  the  Vistula.    P.  2,080. 

Foreland  (North  &  South),  2  celeb, 
headlands  in  England,  co.  Kent. 

Forest,  county,  Pa.    P.  561. II.  a 

comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Nord.     P. 


1,590. III.  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov. 

Liege,  near  the  Vesdre. 

Forest  Cantons,  Switzerland,  are  the 
cants.  Lucerne,  Schwytz,  Uri,  &  Unter- 
walden. 

Forest-Quarter,  a  township  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Durham.     P.  3,531. 

Forez,  an  old  divis.  of  France,  now 
forming  greater  part  of  the  dep.  Loire. 

.  Forfar,  a  royal  bor.  of  Scotland,  cap. 
CO.  Forfar,  in  the  vale  of  Strathmore, 
near  a  small  lake.     P.  9,349. 

Forfarshire,  or  Angus,  a  marit.  co. 
of  Scotland,  having  E.  the  N.  sea,  S.  the 
firth  of  Tay,  &  W.  co.  Perth.  Area,  892 
sq.  m.     P.  174,331. 

FoRG,  a  town  of  Persia,  prov.  Laristan. 

Forges-les-Eaux,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Seine  Inf.  P.  1,653.  It 
has  mineral  springs,  &  an  establishment 
of  baths,  frequented  from  July  to  Sept. 
Its  three  springs,  la  Reinette,  la  Royale, 
&  la  Cardinale,  were  so  named  from 
having  been  resorted  to  in  1632  by  Louis 
XIII.,  his  queen,  &  Cardinal  Richelieu. 

Forgeux  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Rhone,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Tren- 
chin.    P.  2,047. 

FoRio,  a  seaport  town  of  Naples,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  the  isl.  Ischia.     P.  5,100. 

Forked  deep  River,  an  afiuent  of 
the  Miss.,  in  Tennessee.     L.  100  m. 

Forks,  t.,  Northampton  co.  Pa.  Vari- 
ous man  ufs.     P.  2,166. 

Forli,  a  walled  city  of  Central  Italy, 
Pontif.  spates,  on  the  ^milian  way.  P. 
15,637.  It  is  well  built,  &  handsome,  & 
has  a  university. — =— II.  a  vill.  of  Naples, 
prov.  Molise.    P.  2,200. 

FoBLiMPOPOLi,  a  town  of  Cent.  Italy, 
Pontif.  states.    P.  4,191. 

FormeNtera,  one  of  the  Balearic  isls., 
in  the  Mediterranean.  L.  13  m. ;  b.  2  to 
10  m.    P.  2,000. 

Formerie,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Oise.    P.  1,257. 

FoRMicHE,  several  islet  groups  in  the 

Mediterranean. 1,  two  small  islands 

off  the  W.  coast  of  Sicily. II.  a  group 

off  the  S.B.  extremity  of  Elba. III. 

{di  Grosseto),  a  group  including  M(^te 
Christo,  Gianuti,  Griglio,  &c. 

FoRMicoLA,  a  vill.  of  Naples,  prov.  T. 
di  Lavoro,  cap.  cant.     P.  2,000. 

Formosa,  an  island  off  the  S.E.  coast 
of  China,  between  lat.  22°  &  25°  30'  N., 
&  Ion.  121°  E.,  about  90  m.  from  the  Chi- 
nese coast,  from  which  it  is  separated  by 
the  channel  of  Fo-kien.  Estimated  area, 
15,000  sq.  m.  The  Chinese  pop.  2,000,000. ., 
The  number  of  native  inhabs.  is  unknown. 
A  volcanic  mountain  chain,  with  summits 


for] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEEE. 


307 


upwards  of  12,000  ft.  in  height,  traverses 
J;he  centre  of  the  isl.  from  N.  to  S.  The 
Chinese  colonists  are  of  a  very  mixed 
description,  Formosa  having  been  a  kind 
of  "  Botany  bay"  to  China;  but  among 
them  are  many  wealthy  &  active  traders. 

FoKNAs,  a  vill.  of  Asia- Minor,  Ana- 
tolia. 

FoBNELLA,  a  fortfJ.  harbor  of  the  isl. 
Minorca,  on  its  W.  cofvst. 

FoRNO,  several  vills.  of  N.  Italy,  the 
principal  being  F.  di-Rivara,  Piedmont, 
div.  prov.    P.  2,612. 

FoRNovo,  a  market  town  of  N.  Italy, 
duchy  Parma.  Here  the  French,  under 
Charles  VIII.,  defeated  the  Milanese  & 
their  allies,  in  1495. 

Fgrres,  a  royal  bor.  of  Scotland,  eo. 
Moray.  P.  7,472.  According  to  Shaks- 
peare,  &  the  old  chronicles,  it  was  on  a 
"  blasted  heath"  near  Forres  that  Mac- 
beth first  met  the  weird  sisters. 

FoRsE,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  Caith- 
ness. 

FoHSTE,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov.  Bran- 
denburg, on  an  isl.  in  the  Neisse.  P. 
3,610. 

FoESYTH,  N.   county,  Ga.     Area,  209 

sq.  m.     Cap.  Gumming.   P.  8,850. II. 

p-v.,  cap.  of  Monroe  co.  Ga. III.  p-v., 

cap.  of  Taney  co.  Mc,  on  White  r. V. 

county,  K".  C.     P.  11,163. 

Fort  Akn,  p-t.,  Washington  co.  N.  T., 

on  Lake  George. 1.  Fort  Ann,  erected 

here  in  1756,  was  celebrated  in  the 
French  &  Revolutionary  wars.  Manufs. 
P.  3,383. 

Fort  Bend,  county,  Texas.  Cap.Eich- 
mond.    P.  2,533. 

FoET  Covington,  p-t.,  Franklin  co. 
N.  Y.  The  village  is  on  Salmon  river. 
Iron-works  &  manufactures  of  woollens  & 
leather.     P.  2,641. 

Fort  Edward,  p-t.,  Washington  co. 
N.  Y.  The  remains  of  old  Fort  Edward, 
erected  m  1755,  are  seen  in  the  centre  of 
the  v.,  &  a  little  N.,  the  spot  is  shown 
where  Miss  Jane  McCrea  was  so  barbar- 
ously murdered  by  the  Indians.  P. 
2,328. 

Fort  Hamilton,  p-v..  Kings  co.  N.  Y., 

on  W.  end  of  L.  I. 1.  Fort  Hamilton, 

in  this  v.,  is  strongly  built  of  solid  ma- 
sonry, &  mounts  70  guns,  42,  32,  &  24 
pounders.  Connected  with  it  is  Fort  La 
Fayette  or  Fort  Diamond,  in  the  channel, 
&  Fort  Richmond  opposite,  on  Staten 
Island. 

Fort  Levenworth,  p-v.,  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  Mo.  r.,  in  the  Indian  Ter. 
Here  are  extensive  military  works. 

Fort  Liberte,  a  seaport  town  of  Hay- 


ti,  on  its  N.  coast.  It  is  well  built  & 
has  a  good  harbor.  It  was  formerly 
called  Port  Dauphin. 

Fort  Lodis,  a  eomm.  town  of  France, 
dep.  Bas-Rhin,  near  the  Rhine. 

Fort  Madison,  cap.  of  Lee  co.  Iowa, 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Miss. 

Fort  Plain,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.  N. 
Y.,  on  the  Mohawk.     P.  1,400. 

Fort  San  Joachim,  a  settlement  of 
Brazilian  Guiana,  on  the  Branco,  an  af- 
fluent of  the  Amazon. 

Fort  Smith,  p-v.,  Crawford  co.  Ark., 
on  the  Ark.  r.,  &  on  the  extreme  W.  bor- 
der of  the  state.  An  extensive  fortifica- 
tion is  being  erected  here. 

Fort  Snelling,  p-v.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Miss.  There  are  important  military 
works  here. 

Fort  Villarino,  a  frontier  settlement 
in  Patagonia,  on  the  isl.  Choleechel,  in 
the  Rio  Negro. 

Fort  Vancouver,  a  station,  Oregon 
territory,  on  the  Columbia,  100  m.  from 
the  Pacific. 

Fort  Wayne,  c.  h.,  cap.  of  Allen  co. 
la.,  on  Maumee  r.     P.  2,000. 

Fortaleza,  a  city  of  Brazil,  cap.  of 
the  prov.  Ceara,  on  a  bay  in  the  Atlantic, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Ceara.  P. 
3,000. 

FoRTANA,  the  E.-most  of  the  Bonin 
isls..  Pacific  ocean. 

FoRTANETE,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Teruel.    P.  2,002. 

Forth,  a  river  of  Scotland.  The 
course  of  the  Forth,  including  its  many 
"links"  or  windings,  is  estimated  at 
170  m. 

Forth  Mountains,  a  range  of  hills, 
Ireland,  Leinster,  co.  Wexford.  In  1798, 
about  15,000  insurgents  encamped  here 
previous  to  the  attack  &  capture  of 
Wexford. 

Fortified  Island,  in  British  India, 
presid.  Madras. 

Foetore,  a  river  of  Naples.     L.  45  m. 

Forteose,  a  seaport  of  Scotland,  co. 
Ross.     P.  1,147. 

Fort  Royal,  a  fortified  seaport  town 
&  cap.  of  the  isl.  Martinique,  on  its  W. 
coast,  at  the  N.  side  of  Fort  Ptoyal  bay. 
P.  (with  comm.)  about  12,000. 

Fort  St.  David,  a  town  of  British  In- 
dia. 

Foetuna,  a  market  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Murcia.     P.  4,010. 

FORTUNADE     &    FoRTUNAT    (St.),    tWO 

comms.  &  market  towns  of  France  ;  the 
former,  dep.  Correze.  P.  1,961.  The 
latter,  dep.  Ardeche.     P.  1,523. 

Fortune  (Bay),  an  extensive  inlet  of 


308 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


FOX 


the  Atlantic,  S.  coast  of  Newfoundland. 
— {^Island),  a  small  islet  off  the  coast  of 
Sumatra. — {Key),  one  of  the  Bahama 
islands. 

Fos,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
H.  Gaionne,  in  the  Pyrenees.     P.  1,597. 

FoscALDO,  a  inafket  town  of  Naples, 
prov.  Calab.  Cit.     P.  2,000. 

FosNjEs,  a  maritime  vill.  of  Norway. 
P.  2,600. 

FossACECA,  several  vills.  of  Naples. 

1,    prov.   Molise.     P.   2,450. II. 

prov.  Abruzzo  Cit.,  near  the  Adriatic.  P. 
2,360. 

FossANO,  a  town  of  the  Sard,  sta.. 
Piedmont,  div.  &  prov.  Coni,  on  the  Stu- 
ra.     P.  16,041. 

Fosse,  or  Fosses,  a  vill.  of  Belgium, 
cap.  cant.,  prov.  Namur.     P.  2,378. 

FossoMBEONE,  a  town  of  Central  Italy, 
Pontiff,  sta.,  on  the  Metauro.     P.  6,421. 
.  FossuM,  a  vill.  of  Norway,  stift  Ag- 
gershuus. 

FosTAT,  or  Old  Cairo,,  a  town  of  Cen- 
tral Egypt,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Nile. 

Foster,  p-t..  Providence  co.  R.  I.  P. 
2,181. 

FouAH,  Metalis,  a  vill.  of  Lower 
Egypt,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  W.  arm  of  the 
Nile. 

Fouesnant,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Finistere,  cap.  cant.     P.  3,172. 

FouGERAY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ille-et-Vilaine.     P.  5,254. 

FouGERES,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ille-et-Vilaine,  near  1.  b.  of  the  Nan- 
som.     P.  9,106. 

FouGEEOLLEs,  two  comms.  &  vills.  of 

France. 1,  dep.  &  19  m.  N.W.  May- 

enne.     P.  2,324. II.  dep.'  H.  SaOne. 

P.  1,139. 

FouGES,  a  seaport  town  of  Asia-Mi- 
nor. The  gulf  of  Fouges  is  an  inlet  of 
the  ^gean  sea,  immediately  N.  of  the 
G.  of  Smyrna. 

Foulness,  an  isl.  of  Engl.,  co.  Essex. 
It  is  the  largest  of  a  cluster  of  isls.  near 
the  mouth  of  the  river  Crouch.     P.  674. 

FouLPOiNT,  a  vill.  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Madagascar,  formerly  the  principal  set- 
tlement of  the  French  on  that  isl. 

FouLRiDGE,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  Lan- 
caster.    P.  1,458. 

FouLSTON,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  York, 
W.  Kiding.     P.  1,856. 

FouLwEATHER  (Cape),  a  headland  of 
N.W.  Amer.,  Oregon,  100  m.  S.  the  mouth 
of  the  Columbia.  Lat.  44°  49'  N.,  Ion. 
125°  56' W. 

FouNAi,  a  considerable  town  of  Japan 
Isl.,  Kiu-siu,  near  its  N.  coast. 

Fou-NiNG,  two  cities  of  China. 1. 


prov.  Fokien,  cap.  dep. II.  prov.  Chi- 
li, near  the  Yellow  sea. 

Fountain,  W.  county,  la.  Area,  390 
sq.  m.  Traversed  by  Wabash  &  Erie  ca- 
nal. Cap.  Cjvington.  A  fine  farming 
00.     P.  13,263. 

FouRCHE,  t.,  Renault,  p-v.,  Washing- 
ton CO.  Mo.,  in  the  midst  of  the  mineral 
region. 

Four  Evangelists,  a  group  of  four 
islets,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Patagonia,  at 
the  entrance  of  the  strait  of  Magellan,  lat. 
52°  34'  S.,  Ion.  75°  5'  W.,  &  which,  with 
8  others,  about  15  m.  W.,  compose  a  group 
called  the  "  Twelve  Apostles." 

FouEMiEs,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Nord.     P.  1,883. 

FouHNi  Islands,  a  group  of  the  Gre- 
cian archip.,  belonging  to  Asiatic  Turkey, 
&  consisting  of  about  20  islets. 

Fou-shan,  a  town  of  China,  prov. 
Kiang-su,  on  the  Yang-tse-kiang,  below 
Nankin,  at  the  base  of  a  fortified  height. 

Fousseret  (Le),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Garonne.     P.  2,115. 

Fou-TCHOW-FOO,  a  city  of  China,  one 
of  the  five  ports  recently  opened  for 
commerce,  cap.  prov.  Fo-kien,  on  the 
Min  river,  25  m.  from  its  mouth.  P. 
500,000.  Large  quantities  of  cotton 
goods  &  well-dyed  blue  cloths  are  manu- 
factured here,  &  500  ovens  for  the  pro- 
duction of  porcelain,  are  constantly  em- 
ployed in  the  city  &  its  vicinity.  Besides 
the  trade  by  land,  it  is  estimated  that 
shipping  to  29,000  tons  is  employed  in 
the  trade  of  Foo-tohow;  &  the  value  of 
the  import  &  return  cargoes  is  supposed 
to  amount  to  7,455,000  dollars  annually. 
II.  a  city,  prov.  Kiang-si. 

FovEAux  Steait,  New  Zealand,  sepa- 
rates New  Munster  from  New  Leinster. 
Breadth  varies  from  10  to  25  m. 

FowEY,  a  river  of  Engl.,  co.  Cornwall. 

L.   30  m. II.  a   decayed  seaport  of 

Engl.,  CO.  Cornwall,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
above  river. 

FowLA,  one  of  the  Shetland  Isles,  18 
m.  W.  the  others. 

Fowler,  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  1,813. 

Fowler's  Bay,  S.  Australia,  is  near 
the  head  of  the  great  Australian  bight. 

Fox,  t.,  Carroll  co.  0.     P.  1,491. 

Foxborough,  p-t.,  Norfolk  co.  Mass. 
Various  manufs.     P.  1,298. 

FoxcROFT,  t.,  Piscatiquis  co.  Me.  P. 
926. 

Fox  River,  flows  through  Illinois,  & 
after  a  S.S.W.  course  of  160  m.,  joins  the 
Illinois  river. — Several  smaller  rivers  in 
the  U.  States  Bave  this  name. II.  a 


fra] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


309 


considerable  river  of  New  Zealand,  Mid- 
dle Isl. 

FoY  (St.),   several  comms.,    towns,  & 

vills.  of  France. 1,  dep.   RhOue.     P. 

2,905. II.  Gironde,  cap.  cant.,  on  1.  b. 

of  tiie  Dordogne.     P.  2,635. 

Foyers,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  co. 
Inverness,  falls  over  a  ridge,  estimated 
at  90  feet  in  height,  forming  the  finest 
cataract  in  Britain. 

FoYLE,  a  riv.  of  Ireland,  Ulster,  form- 
ed   by  the    confluence  of   the    Finn   & 

Mourne. II.  Lough  Foyle  is  a  large 

arm  of  the  sea,  forming  the  estuary  of 
the  above  river.     L.  13  m.,  br.  9  m. 

Fdz,  a  market  town  of  Spain,   prov. 

Lugo,  on  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic. II.  a 

vill.  of  Portugal,  prov.  Alerntejo,  on  the 
Tagus. 

Feades,  a  small  isl.  of  Brazil,  prov. 

Bahia,  in  All  Saints  bay. II.  a  vill. 

of  Spain,  with  mineral  spring.?,  prov. 
Salamanca. 

Fraga,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Huesca, 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Cinca,  here  crossed  by  a 
wooden  bridge  of  22  arches.     P.  5,028. 

Fragneto,  two  contiguous  vills.  of 
Naples,  prov.  Princip.  Ult.  P.  of  former, 
1,820;  of  latter,  2,120. 

Frailes,  a  modern  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Jaen.    P.  2,174. 

Fraize,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Vosges,  cap.  cant.     P.  2,501. 

Framingham,  t.,  JMiddlesex  co.  Mass. 
Incorp.  in  1700.  Manufs.  of  woollens  & 
paper.  Black  lead  is  found  here.  P. 
4,252. 

Framlingham,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Suffolk. 

Frammersbach,  a  market  town  of 
Bavaria,  circ.  Lower  Franeonia.   P.  2, 188. 

Framvvellgate,  a  tnshp.  of  England, 
CO.  of  Durham.    P.  2,323. 

Francais  (Cape),  a  headland,  N. 
coast  of  Hayti,  bounding  Scots. bay  on 
the  N.W. — Le  Frangais  is  a  small  town 
on  the  \Y.  coast  of  Martinique. 

Fran^ AisE  (La),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Tarn-et-Garonne,  cap.  cant. 
P.  3,888. 

_  Francavilla,  several  towns  cf  Na- 
ples, &c. 1.  prov..Otranto,  cap.  cant. 

P.  11,800.  In  1734  it  suffered  greatly 
from  an  earthquake.  It  has  manufs.  of 
woollen  &  cotton  stuffs,  earthenware,  & 

snuff. II.  prov.  Basilicata.     P.  2,000. 

III.  prov.  Abruzzo  Citra,  cap.  cant., 

on  the  Adriatic,  with  3,150  inhabs. 

IV.  Sicily,  intend.    Messina,  cap.  cant. 

P.  2,900. V.  a  vill.,  prov.  Calab.  Citra. 

P.  1,100. VI.   prov.   Calab.  Ult.   II. 

P.  1,650. 


Prance,  a  country  of  W.  Europe,  situ- 
ated between  lat.  42°  20'  &  51°  6'  N.,  & 
bounded  N.E.  by  Belgium,  the  Grand 
-Duchy  of  Luxembourg,  Rhenish  Prussia., 
&  Rhenish  Bavaria.  On  the  E.  it  is  sep- 
arated by  the  Rhine  from  Baden,  the 
Jura  from  Switzerland,  the  Rhone  from 
Savoy,  the  Alps  from  Italy,  bounded  S. 
by  the  Mediterranean  &  the  JPyrenees,  W. 
by  the  Atlantic  ocean ;  &  N.W.  by  the 
English  channel.  Cap.  Paris.  Greatest 
leng.,  680  m. ;  greatest  br.,  585  m.  Area, 
207,252.  P.  35,781,628.  In  form,  France 
resembles  an  irregular  hexagon.  Its 
principal  islands  are,  Corsica,  Hyeres,  & 
Lerins,  in  the  Mediterr.;  Noirmoutier, 
Oleron,  Re,  Belle-Isle,  Dieu,  Groix,  Sein, 
&  Ouessant,  in  the  Atlantic.  Chief  penin- 
sulas, Bretagne  (Brittany)  &  Cotentin  in 
the  English  channel.  The  coasts  of  Brit- 
tany are  indented  by  numerous  arms  of 
the  sea,  which  form  excellent  harbors. 
The  two  great  gulfs  are  the  Golfe  de 
Gascogne  (bay  of  Biscay)  on  the  W.,  & 
G.  du  Lion  (G.  of  Lions)  on  the  S.  The 
principal  bays  are  Cancale  &  St.  Brieuo 
on  the  N.;  Brest  road  &  the  bays  of 
Douarnenez  &  Audierne  on  the  W.  of 
Brittany  ;  the  bays  of  La  Forest,  &  Qui- 
beron,  &  Penerf  road  on  the  S.-of  Brit- 
tany ;  the  bay  of  Bourgneuf  S.  of  the 
mouth  of  the  Loire  ;  Basque  roads  or  the 
bay  of  La  Rochelle,  &  the  basin  of  Arca- 
chon,  W.  of  the  dep.  Gironde  ;  the  roads 
of  Toulon,  Cavalaire,  Grimaud,  Napoule, 
&  Jouan,  on  the  Mediterranean.  The 
most  remarkable  capes  are  Gris-Nez  in 
the  English  channel,  Cape  Barfleurs  & 
C.  de  la  Hague  in  N.  of  dep.  Manche  ; 
the  Bee  du  Raz  &  the  Pointe  de  Pen- 
march  in  Fiuistere.  The  mean  height 
of  France  is  about  816  feet.  The  prin-  ' 
cipal  mountains  are — I.  the  Alps,  be- 
tween France  &  Italy ;  the  principal 
summits  of  which,  in  France,  are  Pel- 
voux,  14,108  feet,  Viso,  12,692  ft.,  Ge- 
nevre,  11,785  feet,  &  Ventoux,  6,263  feet. 

II.  the  Pyrenees,   between  France 

&  Spain  ;  the  chief  summits  in  France 
are,  Perdu,  10,994  ft.,  Midi,  9,438  ft.,  & 
Canigou,  9,137  ft. — III.  the  Cevennes,  in 
Lauguedoc  ;  the  highest  points  of  which 
are  Mezin,  5,794  ft.,  &  Lozgre,  4,884  ft. 
— IV.  the  miitns.  of  Auvergne,  the  high- 
est points  of  which  are  Mont  Dor,  6,188 
ft.,  Cantal,  6,093  ft.,  &  the  Puy-de-DOme, 
4,803  ft. — V.  the  Jura,  in  which  the  Re- 
culet  is  5,643  ft.  The  centre  of  France, 
comprising  an  8th  or  10th  of  its  super- 
ficies, consists  of  plateaux  from  1,200  to 
1,900  feet  in  elev.— VI.  the  Vosges,  be- 
tween Lorraine  &  Alsace  ;  the  summit  of 


310 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[fra 


which  is  the  Ballon  d' Alsace,  4,688  feet. 
It  is  calculated  thab  France  has  133  nav- 
igable rivers,  extending  to  8,000  m.,  the 
four  principal  of  which  are   the    Seine, 
the  Loire  &  the  Garonne,  &  the  Rhone. 
There  are  no  lakes  of  importance.    A  vast 
sj'Stem  of  railways  has  been  projected  to 
extend  from  Paris  as  a  centre,  to  the  ex- 
tremities of  the  country  in  all  directions. 
Of  these  there  are  near  1,500  miles  in 
operation.     There  are  six  lines  of  tele- 
graphs all  radiating  from  Paris,  viz.,  to 
Calais,  Strasbourg,   Brest,  Toulon,  Bay- 
onne,  &   Havre.     The  climate  is  in  gen- 
eral temperate,  mild  &  healthy.     In  the 
]Sr.   the  winters   are   sometimes   long  & 
rigorous ;    in   the    S.    the  summers    are 
long  &  warm,  &  the  sky  almost  always 
serene ;  in  the  centre  the  temp,  is  mild 
&  steady.     Along  the  coasts  of  the  Med- 
iterranean  tlie  S.  winds,  heated  by  the 
burning  desert   of  Africa,  often    spread 
desolation.     The  Tnistral,  a  glacial  wind 
from  the    N.N.W.,    occasionally   arrests 
vegetation  by  its  furious  blasts   in  the 
basin  of  the    Rhone,  while  the   E.  wind 
from  the  snowy  alps   is  equally  dreaded 
in  the  E.  deps.    The  basin  of  the  Graronne 
is  visited  by  cold  S.  winds  from  the  Py- 
renees, &  by  storms  from  the  bay  of  Bis- 
cay.     The  vegetable     productions     are 
abundant   &   most   varied.      The     most 
important    are  wheat  &  other  cereals  ; 
beet-root  from  which  vast  quantities  of 
sugar  are  manufactured ;   &  vines  which 
cover  more  than  a  27  th  of  the  superficies 
of  the  country.     The  common  fruit  trees 
abound  ;  &  the  orange,  citron,  olive,  fig, 
&  pomegranate,  are  produced  along  the 
shores    of  the   Mediterranean.      France 
with  l-8th  of  its  superficies  covered  with 
wood,    furnishes    excellent    timber    for 
ship-building  &  carpentry.     Among  wild 
animals  are  the  bear,  wolf,  fox,  wild-cat, 
wild  boar,  stag,  roe-buck,  fallow  deer,  & 
the  chamois.     France  possesses  excellent 
huilding   siones,  &   quarries  of  marble, 
alabaster,  slate,  &  a  few  precious  stones. 
The  most   important   minerals  are  iron, 
copper,  lead,  silver,  as  well  as  antimony, 
sulphur,  sulphate  of  iron,  &  mineral  wa- 
ters.    The  coal  &  salt  mines  are  of  great 
value.     There  are  88  coal,  anthracite,  & 
lignite  basins  in  France,  the  richest  of 
which  are  the  basin  of  the  Loire  &  that 
of  Valenciennes  in  thedep.Nord.  France 
is  essentially  an    agricultural  country ; 
&  in  several  deps.  the  cultivation  of  the 
soil  has  been  brought  to  great  perfection. 
Yet  the   progress  of  the   industrial  arts 
has  been  no  less  marked.     The  fusion  of 
metals  &  the  forging  &  working  of  iron 


&  steel,  have  engaged  near  1,000  sepa- 
rate factories  ;  while  all  the  other  branch- 
es of  manufacture  have  been  equally 
flourishing.  The  products  of  manuf  in- 
dustry, with  those  of  the  soil,  form  the 
objects  of  an  immense  internal  commerce. 
During  the  year  1850,2,019,851  tons  of 
goods  were  carried  by  water  from  one 
French  port  to  another  ;  &  the  return  of 
the  inland  communications  show  the  con- 
veyance of  a  vast  amount  of  merchandise. 
The  external  commerce  of  France  though 
not  so  great  is  yet  highly  important. 

The  following  are  the  imports  &  ex- 
ports of  France  from  &  to  the  principal 
countries  in  the  world  during  the  year 
1851: 

Imports.         Exports. 
F.  F. 

England,  69,000,000    293,000,000 

United  States,  110,000,000  145,000,000 
Belgium,  114,000,000     123,000,000 

Sardinia,  74,000,000      59.000,000 

Spain,  27,000,000      54,000,000 

Switzerland,  23,000,000  55,000,000 
Germany,  38.000,000      44,000,000 

Turkey,  34,000,000      20,000,000 

The  principal  ports  are  Marseille,  Ha- 
vre, Bordeaux,  Nantes,  La  Rochelle, 
Dunkerque,  Boulogne,  Dieppe,  St.  Ma- 
lo,  L'Orient,  Bayonne,  &  Cette.  The 
most  remarkable  events  in  the  history 
of  France  since  the  abdication  of  Napo- 
leon are,  the  restoration  of  the  Bourbons 
in  1815,  the  abdication  of  Charles  X.  in 
1830,  the  election  of  Louts  Philippe, 
Duke  of  Orleans,  as  king  of  theFrench  in 
1830,  the  revolution  &  his  abdication  in 
February  1848,  &  the  proclamation  of  a 
republic,  &  the  election  of  Louis  Napo- 
leon as  president  in  1849,  &  his  subse- 
quent election  to  the  same  office  for  ten 
years,  with  a  form  of  government  fashion- 
ed after  that  of  the  consulate.  Louis 
Napoleon  will  probably  re-establish  the 
empire  &  assume  the  imperial  crown  on 
the  coming  anniversary  of  the  corona- 
tion of  Napoleon  the  Great.  France  is 
divided  into  86  deps.,  85  of  which  are  now 
on  the  continent,  &  the  island  of  Corsica 
forms  the  86Lh.  The  deps.  are  subdi- 
vided into  arrondissements,  cantons, -& 
communes;  each  dep.  is  governed  by  a 
prefect,  each  arrond.  by  a  sub-prefect,  & 
each  comm.  by  a  mayor.  There  are  80 
Roman  Catholic  dioceses.  The  faculty 
of  theology  has  six  schools.  The  faculty 
of  law  has  9  schools ;  the  faculty  of  medi- 
cine has  3  schools  of  medicine.  The  most 
important  colonial  possessions  of  Franca 
are  Algeria  &  Guadeloupe. 


tra] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


311 


Francescas,  a  coram.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Lot-et-Graronne.     P.  1,244. 

Fhanche  Comte,  an  old  prov.  in  the 
E.  of  France. 

Francistown,  t.,  Hillsboro'  co.  N.  H. 
The  great  road  from  Boston  to  Windsor, 
Vt.  passes  through.     P.  1,307. 

Fhancofonte,  a  town  of  Sicily,  prov. 
Syracuse.     P.  3,480. 

FRANf  ois  (St.),  a  town  of  the  French 
TV.  Indies,  isl.  Guadeloupe,  on  the  S.B. 
coast    of    Grande-Terre.      P.   6,598,  of 

whom  5,603  are   slaves. II.  a  comm. 

of  the  French  isl.  Martinique,  with  a 
good  port  on  the  E.  coast.  P.  5,966,  of 
whom  4,272  are  slaves. 

Fhanconia,  an  old  duchy,  afterwards 
a  circle  of  the  Germanic  Empire. 

Franconia,  t.,  Grafton,  N.  H.  It  has 
Profile  mountain  which  is  1,000  ft.  high. 
There   are  extensive  iron  works  in  this 

t.    P.  523. II.  p-t.,  Montgomery  co. 

Pa.     P.  1,183. 

Fkanconville,  a  camm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Seine-et-Oise.     P.  1,193. 

Franeker,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Friesland.     P.  5,149. 

Frangy,  a  vill.  of  Saxony,  prov.  Ge- 
nevese,   on   an  afl.  of  the    Rhone.      P. 

1,434. II.  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 

dep.  Saone-et-Loire.     P.  2,035. 

Frankenau,   two  vills.  of  Germany. 

1.  Hessen-Cassel,  on  the  Eder.     P. 

1,042. II.    Bavaria,     prov.   Middle 

Franc. 

Frankenberg,  two  towns  of  Germany. 

1.  Saxony,  cire.  Leipzig,  on  the  Zscho- 

pau,  an  affl.  of  the  Mulde.  P.  6,273. 

II.  a  town  of  Hessen-Cassel,  prov.  Upper 
Hessen,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Edder.    P.  3,253. 

Frankenhausen,  a  town  of  Central 
Germany,  on  the  Wipper.     P.  4,873. 

Frankenstein,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  cap.  circ,  on  a  branch  of  the  rail- 
way from  Berlin  to  Dresden.     P.  6,042. 

Frankenthal,  a  town  of  Ehenish  Ba- 
varia.    P.  4,656. 

FRANKENWALD,a  small  chain  of  moun- 
tains, in  the  N.E.  of  Bavaria. 

Frankford,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland, 

Leinster,  King's  co.     P.  1,345. II.  t., 

Sussex  CO.  N.  J.     P.  2,410. III.  p-b., 

Phila.   CO.   Pa.     It   has   calico   printing 

works.     P.  2,376. -IV.  t.,  Cumberland 

CO.  Pa.  There  is  a  sulphur  spring  in  the 
centre.     P.  1,263. 

Frankfort,  a  famous  commercial  city 
of  Germany,  cap.  state  of  same  name,  & 
seat  of  the  German  gov.,  on  both  sides  of 
the  Main.  P.  57,550  civil,  &  890  mili- 
tary. It  is  surrounded  by  planted  walks, 
&  entered  by  9  gates.    The  old  town  is 


antiquated,  ill  built,  &  irregular  ;  but  the 
new  town  has  many  noble  public  &  pri- 
vate buildings,  &  fine  thoroughfares. 
Frankfort  has  a  college,  a  medical  insti- 
tute, &  numerous  public  schools,  &  a 
public  library  with  50,000  vols.  Frank- 
fort was  made  a  free  port  in  1831,  is  also 
one  of  the  great  emporiums  for  supplying 
Germany  with  all  kinds  of  merchandise  ; 
but  its  principal  source  of  wealth  is  an 
extensive  banking,  commission,  &  fund- 
ing transactions.  Charlemagne  held  a 
council  in  Frankfort  in  793  ;  it  was  forti- 
fied in  838,  in  843,  &  erected  into  a  free 
city  in  1154.  Napoleon  made  it  cap.  of 
a  grand  duchv.  Goethe  was  born  here, 
28th  August,  1749. II.  a  city  of  Prus- 
sia, prov.  BrandenBurg,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Oder.  P.  26,600.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls 
&  moats,  is  well  built,  has  many  good 
public  buildings,  &  communicates  with 
the  suburbs  of  Damm  by  a  long  wooden 
bridge.  It  has  manufs.  of  woollen  &  silk 
fabrics,  &  brandy  distilleries.  Commerce 
extensive  in  German  &  foi'eign  produce 

of  all   kinds. III.    t.,  Waldo  co.,  on 

the  Penobscot  river.  Me.  It  has  great 
commercial  advantages.  P.  4,233.  The 
principal  v.  is  on  Marsh  bay,  which  sets 
up  from  the  Penobscot. IV.  p-t.,  Her- 
kimer CO.  N.  Y.  It  has  a  v.  on  the  Erie 
canal  with  500  inhabs.  Various  manufs. 
P.  3,023.— V.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Franklin  co. 
Ky.,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Ky.  r.,  60  m. 
from  its  entrance  into  the  0.  The  r.  here 
is  80  yds.  wide,  &  of  sufiBcient  depth  when 
the  water  is  high  for  steamboats  of  300 
tons.  A  lai'ge  amount  of  foreign  goods 
is  brought  here. VI.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Clin- 
ton CO.  la VII.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Frank- 
lin CO.  111. 

Frankland  Islands,  are  off  the  E. 
coast  of  Australia.  Lat.  17°  16°  S.,  Ion. 
146°  E. 

Franklin,  N.W.  co.,  Me.  Soil  adap- 
ted to  grain  &  grazing.  Cap.  Farming- 
ton.     Various  manufs.    P.  20,027. II. 

N.W.  county,  Mass.  Area,  650  sq.  m. 
The  Conn.  r.  passes  through  its  centre. 
Cap.  Greenfield.  Extensive  manufs.  of 
woollens  &  cottons  &  leather.    P.  30,870. 

III.  CO.,  Vt.,  bounded  W.  on  Lake 

Champlain.  A  fine  clouded  marble  is 
found  in  this  co.  &  exported.  Cap.  St. 
Albans.     Manufs.  of  woollens  &  leather. 

P.  28,586. IV.  a  N.E.  county,  N.  Y. 

Area,  1,527  sq.  m.  Cap.  Malone.  It  has 
iron  works  &  manufs.  of  woollens  &  leath- 
er.    P.  25,102. V.  a  southern  co.  of 

Pa.  Area,  734  sq.  m.  It  lies  in  the  great 
limestone  valley  of  the  state.  Soil  pro- 
ductive.    Iron  ore  is  abundant.      Cap. 


312 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[fra 


Cbambersburg.  An  .important  manu- 
facturing CO.-  P.  39,904. VI.  N.-East- 

ern  co.  N.  C.  Area,  540  sq.  m.  Water- 
ed by  Tar  r.  Cap.  Louisburg.  Yields 
cotton,  tobacco,  &  300  pounds  of  silk  co- 
coons.    Gold  is  found  here.     P.  11,310. 

VII.  N.E.  CO..  Ga.     Area,  680  sq.  m. 

Cap.   Cornisville.'    P.    11,513. VIII. 

county,  Fla.,  bounded  W.  by  Appalaehi- 
cola  r.,  &  S.  by  the  gulf  of  Mexico.  Cap. 

Appalachicola.      P.   1,561. IX.  N.W. 

county,   Ala.     Area,   648   sq.  m.      Cap. 

RusselviUe.       P.    19,610. X.  a  S.W. 

county.  Miss.  Area,  720  sq.  m.  It  con- 
sists of  pine  barrens  except  along  the 
banks  of  the  riv.   Cap.  Meadville.    Staple, 

cotton.     P.  5,904. XI.  a  southern  co. 

of  Tenn.  Area,  840  sq.  ra.  Cap.  Win- 
chester.   Manufs.  of  cottons.     P.  13,768. 

XII.  a  northern  co.  of  Ky.     Area, 

200  sq.  m.      Cap.  Frankfort.      Various 

manufs.     P.   12,462. XIII.  a  central 

CO.  ofO.  Area,  529  sq.  m.  Cap.  Colum- 
bus.    A  rich  agricultural  co.     Extensive 

manufs.     P.  42,910. XIV.    a  S.E.  co. 

■of  la.     Area,   400   sq    m.     Cap.  Brook- 

ville.     P.  17,968. XV.  a  southern  co. 

of  111.  Area,  864  sq.  m.  Cap.  Frank- 
fort.    P.  5,681. XVI.  an  eastern  "co. 

of  Mo.,  bounded  N.  by  the  Missouri  riv. 
Cap.  Union.    It  yields  a  large  amount  of 

lead.     P.    11,021. XVII.  a  N.-west- 

ern  co.  of  Ark.     Area,  800  sq.  m.     Cap. 

Ozark.     P.  3,500. XVIII.  t.,  Hancock 

CO.  Me.      P.  502. XIX.  t.,  Merrimac 

CO.  N.  H.     P.  1,280. XX.  t.,  Franklin 

CO.  Vt.    P.  1,410. XXI.  t.,. Norfolk  co. 

Mass.     Manufs.  of  straw  bonnets   &    of 

cottons.        P.    1,717. XXII.  t.,    New 

London  co.  Conn.     P.  1,000. XXIII. 

p-t.,  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.     P.  3,025. 

XXIV.  t.,   Franklin  co.  N.  Y.     P.   724. 

XXV.  t.,  Somerset  county,  N.  J.     P. 

§,878. XXVI.  t.,  Bergen  co.  N,  J.  P. 

4,bl0. XXVII.t.,  Gloucester  CO.  N.  J. 

P.  2,077. XXVIII.  p-b.,  cap.  of  Ve- 
nango CO.  Pa.  A  canal  is  in  progress  to 
connect   the   Alleghany  r.  at   this   place 

with  Lake  Erie.     P.  509. XXIX.  t., 

Fayette  co.  Pa.     P.  1,396. XXX.   t., 

Armstrong  co.  Pa.     P.  1,713. XXXI. 

t.,  Adams  cO.  Pa.     P.  1,698. XXXII. 

t.,   Huntingdon  co.  Pa.      P.    1,376. 

XXXIII.   t.,  Westmoreland  co.  Pa.       P. 

2,320. XXXIV.  t.,  Greene  co.  Pa.    P. 

1,486. XXXV.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Pendleton 

CO.  Va. XXXVI.  p-v.,  cap.  of  ]\;[acon 

CO.  N.  C. XXXVII.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Heard 

CO.  Ga. XXXVIII.  p-v.,  port  of  entry 

&  cap.  of  St.  Mary's  pa.,  La.,  on  Bayou 
Teehe.  P.  500.— XXXIX.  p-v.,  cap. 
of  Williamson  co.   Tenn. XL.    p-v., 


cap.  of  Simpson  co.  Ky. XLI.   p-t., 

Warren  co.  0. XLII.  t.,  Adams  co.  0. 

P.  1.355.— —XLIII.  t.,  Brown  co.  0.    P. 

1,199. XLIV.  t ,  Clermont  co.  0.     P. 

2,218. XLV.t.,Frankl.co.O.  P.  1,116. 

XLVI.  t.,   Harrison  CO.  U.    P.  1,117. 

XLVIL  t.,  Knox  CO.  0.  P.  1,337. 

XL VIII.  t..  Licking  co.  0.    P.  1,131. 

XLIX.  t.,   xMonroe  co.  0.     P.  1,137. 

L.t.,  Richland  CO.  0.    P.  1,490. LL  t., 

Jack'n  CO.  0. LII.  t.,  Wayne  co.  0. 

LIII.  t.,   Lenawee  co.   Mich.     P.  1,023. 

^LIV.  p-v..  cap.  of  Johnson  co.  la. 

LV.  t.,  Henry  co.  la.     P.  1,532. LVL 

t.,  Harrison  co.  la.     P.  1,113. LVII. 

t.,   Marion  co.  la.     P.  1,291. LVIIL 

t.,  Washington  co.  la. LIX.t.,  Wayne 

CO.  la.     P.  1,149. LX.   p-t.,    Howard 

CO.  Mo.    P.  2,015. LXI.  t ,  Milwaukee 

CO.  Wis.    P.  250. LXII.  towns  in  Ark. 

1  in  Chicot,    1  in  Union,   1  in  Sevier,  &  1 
in  Izard  co. 

Franklin* Island,  in  the  Antarctic 
ocean.  Lat.  76°  8'  S.,  Ion.,  168°  12' E. 
Discovered  by  Sir  J.  Ross,  12  m.  long. 

Feanklinton,  p-v,,  cap.  of  Washing- 
ton pa.  La. 

Franklinville,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co. 
N.  Y.     P.  1,706. 

Fhankstadt,  a  town  of  Moravia.  P. 
3,200.  ^ 

Feankstown,  t.,  Huntingdon  co.  Pa. 
P.  1,499. 

Fhanzensbeunnen,  a  vill.  of  Bo- 
hemia; ciro.  Elbogen,  with  celebrated 
bath  establishments,  from  which  200,000 
jars  of  mineral  water  are  exported  an- 
nually. 

Fhascati,  a  town  of  Central'  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta.  P.  4,975.  It  is  beautifully 
situated  on  one  of  the  lower  Alban  hills, 
&  comprises  a  modern  cathedral,  with 
monuments  to  Cardinal  York  &  his  bro- 
ther Prince  Charles  Edward,  the  pre- 
tender, v/ho  died  here  31st  Jan.,  1788. 
On  the  crest  of  the  hill,  above  this  do- 
main, are  the  remains  of  Tusculum, 
the  birtb-plaoe  of  Cato,  &  famous  as  the 
residence  of  Cicero,  Lucullus,  &  M«ce- 
nas. 

Fraserbuhgh,  a  seaport  town  of  Scot- 
land, co.  Aberdeen.  P.  4,280.  The  town 
is  very  neatly  built,  has  a  harbor  con- 
structed at  a  cost  of  about  50,000Z.,  <fc 
considered  one  of  the  best  on  the  N.E. 
coast  of  Scotland. 

Feasee  River,  Oregon  ter.,  British 
N.  Amer.,  W.  the  basin  of  the  Columbia, 
enters  the  gulf  of  Georgia,  opposite  Van- 
couver isl.,  in  lat.  45°  N._ 

Feasnes,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Hainault,  cap.  cant.     P.  4,643. 


fbe] 


UKIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


313 


Frassjnetto,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Pied- 
mont, div.  Alessandria.     P.  2,087. 

Frasso,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  T.  di 
Lavoro.     P.  4,000. 

Fratta,  a  small  town  of  Central  Italy, 

Pontif.  sta.,  on  the  Tiber.     P.  1,226. 

II.  (La),  a  vill.,  N.  Italy,  with  2,000  in- 
liAb. — r-III-  {Maggiore),  a  city  of  Na- 
ples, dist.  Casoria.     P.  8,500. 

Frattb,  two  vills.  of  Italy. 1.  Na- 
ples, prov.  T.  di  Lavoro.     P.  2,900. 

11.  Pontif  sta.     P.  1,072. 

Frauenburg,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  on 
the  Frische-Haff.     P.  2,380. 

Frauenfeld,  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
cap.  cant.,  on  the  Murg.     P.  2,858. 

Frauenstein,  a  town  of  Saxony,  with 
1,107  inhab., 

Frauronnen,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Bern. 

Fraustadt,  a  frontier  town  of  Prus- 
sian Poland.     P.  5,310. 

Frayles  (Los),  several  small  isl. 
groups  in  the  Caribbean  sea,  off  S.  coast 
of  Hayti. 

Fkechen,  a  vill.  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
reg.  Cologne.     P.  2,640. 

Frechilla,  a  market  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Palenoia.     P.  1,704. 

Fredensborg,  a  Danish  fort,  on  the 
Guinea  coast,  with  the  vill.  Ningo. 

Frederic,  a  western  eo.  of  Aid.  Area, 
750  sq.  m.  Cap.  Frederic.  Produces 
abundant  crops  of  wheat,  Ind.  corn  & 
tobacco.  Yields  1,400  pounds  of  silk 
cocoons  annually.     Iron  works  &  woollen 

fac.     P.  40,987. II.   a  N.-eastern  co. 

of  Va.  Area,  660  sq.  m.  A  railroad 
extends  from  Winchester,  the  capital,  to 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  r.  r.,  at  Harper's 
ferry.     Distilleries  &  manufs.  of  woollens 

&    leather.       P.    15,975. IIL    p-t., 

Montgomery  co.  Pa.     P.  1,217. 

Frederic  City,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Frederic 
CO.  Md.  It  is  the  second  place  of  im- 
portance in  the  state.  It  is  regularly 
laid  but  with  wide  streets ;  &  its  public 
buildings  are  handsome.  The  great  r.  r. 
from  Baltimore  to  Wheeling  passes 
through  the  place  ;  &  it  has  a  branch  r.r. 
connecting  with  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
r.  r.  The  country  around  is  very  fertile, 
&  the  trade  of  the  place  is  extensive. 
Various  manufs.     P.  6,028. 

Fredehicia,  a  fortfd.  town  of  Den- 
mark, prov.  N.  Jutland,  at  the  N.  en- 
trance of  the  Little  Belt.     P.  4,600. 

Frederick  Henry,  a  bay  on  the  S.E. 
coast  of  Tasmania  (Van  Diemen's  Land). 
Fredericksberg,  a  vill.  of  Denmark, 
prov.  Seeland.. — Fredericksborg  is  a  cita- 
del of  Sweden,  15  m.  E.N.E.  Stockholm. 
14 


Fredericksburg,  a  city,  Virginia,  on 
the  Rappahannock  riv.,  50  m.  S.S.W. 
Washington.  P.  4,062.  It  has  a  court 
ho.,  jail,  5  churches,  a  mkt.  ho,,  an  ann. 
export  of  corn,  flour,  &  tobacco,  said  to 
exceed  4,000,000  dolls,  in  value. 

Fredericksburg,  a  vill.  of  S.  Africa, 
Cape  Colony. 

Frederickshald,  a  marit.  town  of 
Norway,  on  a  small  river,  near  the  N.E. 
angle  of  the  Skager-rack.  P.  5,503.  It 
is  famous  for  its  strong  fortress,  Freder- 
iokstein,  at  the  siege  of  which  Charles 
XII.  of  Sweden  was  killed,  December  11, 
1718. 

Frederick's  Oord,  a  pauper  colony 
of  the  Netherlands,  prov.  Drenthe. 

Fredebickstadt,  a  town  of  Denmark, 
prov.  Sehleswig,  on  the  Eider.     P.  2,500. 

II.  a  town  of  Norway,  at  the  mouth 

of  the  Grlommen,  in  the  Skager-rack.     P. 

2,673. III.    a  town   of  Russia,   gov. 

Courland,  on  the  Dwina. 

Fredericksvaern,  a  marit.  vill.  & 
fortress  of  Norway,  on  the  Skager-rack. 
It  has  a  harbor  &,  dockyard. 

Fhedebikshamn,  a  fortified  seaport 
town  of  Finland,  on  an  inlet  of  the  gulf 
of  Finland.     P.  3,500. 

F-REDERiKSHAVN,  the  most  N.  seaport 
town  of  Denmark,  prov.  Jutland.  P. 
1,400. 

Fredehiksted,  a  toivn  of  the  Danish 
island  Santa  Cruz,  W.  Indies,  on  its  W. 
coast,  with  2,400  inhabitants. 

Feedericton,  the  cap.  town  of  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  St.  John's  riV. 
Freedom,  t.,  Waldo  co.  Me.     P.  1,153. 

-. II.  t.,  Carroll  co.  N.  H.     P.  926. 

III.    p-t.,    Cattaraugus    co.   N.   Y.      P. 
1,652. 

Fredonia,  p-v.,  Chautauque  co.  N.Y. 
Here  is  an  inflammable  spring,  the  gas 
of  which  (carbonated  hydrogen)  is  used 
for  lighting  the  streets. 

Freehold,  p-t.,  cap.  of  Monmouth  co. 
N.  J.  Here  was  fought  one  of  the  most 
sharply  contested  battles  of  the  revolu- 
tion, June  28th,  1778.     P.  6,303. II. 

(Upper),    t.,    Monmouth   co.    N.  J.      P. 
5,199. 

Freeport,  t.,  Cumberland  CO.  Me.  It 
has   some    navigation    &   ship-building. 

P.   2,662. II.   p-t.,    Harrison    co.    0. 

P.  1,285. 
JP'reetown,  p-t.,  Bristol  co.  Mass.    P. 

1 J72. II.  p-t.,   Cortland  co.     P.  950. 

III.    town    of    Upper    Guinea,    W. 

Africa,  cap.  of  the  British  settlement  of 
Sierra  Leone,  on  its  W.  coast. 

Fregenal  de  la  Sierra,  a  town  of 
Spain.     P.  5,975. 


314 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGUAPHy. 


[fri 


Frehel  (Cape),  a  headland  of  France, 
dep.  Cotes-,du-]Srord,  On  the  English  chan- 
nel. 

Freiberg,  a  town  of  Saxony,  cap.  of 
its  mining  dist.,  circ  Dresden,  near  the 
Mulde.  P.  12,057.  It  is  the  seat  of  the 
administration  of  mines,  &  foundries  for 
the  kingdom,  &  of  a  famous  mining  acad- 
emy, founded  in  1765,  having  13  pro- 
fessors. In  the  vicinity  are  said  to  be 
about  130  mines  of  silver,  copper,  lead, 
cobalt,  &c.,  employing  139  officials,  5,796 
miners,  &  supporting  a  pop:  of  11,200 
persons. 

Freiburg,  a  city  of  the  grand  duchy 
Baden,  cap.  circ.  Upper  Rhine,  on  the 
Dreisam,  &  on  the  Baden  railway.  P. 
15,'380.  Elev.  920  feet.  It  is  well  built, 
&  its  cathedral,  with  a  spire  380  feet  in 
height,  &  many  fine  works  of  art,  is  one 
of  the  noblest  Gothic  edifices  in  Germany. 
The  university,  founded  about  1454,  & 
famous  as  a  school  of  Pioman  Catholic 
theology,  had,  in  1847,  219  students.  It 
has  numerous  museums,  a  botanic  gar- 
den, &  a  library  of  100,000  vols. 

Freiburg,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian 

Silesia,  on  railw.     P.  4,000. II.  a  vill. 

of  Hanover. 

Freinsheim,  a  market  town  of  Rhen. 
Bavaria,  circ.  Pfalz.     P.  2,191. 

Freinwalde,  two  towns  of  Prussia. 
1,  prov.  Brandenburg,  on  the  Alt- 
Oder.    P.  3,670. II.  prov.  Pomerania. 

P.  1,180. 

Freising,  a  town  of  Upper  Bavaria, 
on  the  Isar.     P.  5,350. 

Freistadt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 

reg.  Liegnitz,  cap.  circ.     P.  3,330. II. 

W.  Prussia.     P.  1,875. 

Frejus,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Var,  cap.  cant.  P.  2,960.  At  St. 
Raphael,  a  fishing  vill.  1|  m.  distant, 
Napoleon  disembarked  on  his  return 
from  Egypt,  in  1799,  &  re-embarked  on 
his  voyage  to  Elba  in  1814. 

Fremont,  county,  Iowa.     P.  1,244. 

French  Broad  River,  one  of  the  head 
branches  of  the  Tenn.  riv. 

French  Creek,  N.  Y.     L.  100  m. 

II.  t.,  Mercer  CO.  Pa.     P.  981. 

French  River,  British  N.  America, 
Upper  Canada,  flows  W.  from  Lake  Ni- 

pissing  into  Lake  Huron.     L.  55  m. 

II.  a  river  which  joins  the  estuary  of  the 
Abbitibbe  &  Moose  rivs.  at  the  S.W.  ^r- 
ner  of  James'  bay. 

Frenchtown,  t.,  Monroe  co.  Mich. 

Freshford,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Leinster.    P.  2,075. 

Feesnay,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Sarthe,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Sarthe.  P.  3,160. 


Fresnayb  (La),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  cap.  cant.,  dep.  Sarthe.    P.  3,2l7. 

Fresnes,    several  comms.,  towns,   & 

vills.  of  France. 1,  dep.  Orne,   12  m. 

N.    Domfront.      P.   2,116. II.    {sur 

Apance),  H.  Marne.     P.  1,252. III. 

Nord,  S.  of  the  Scheldt.     P.  4,072. 

Fresnillo,  a  decayed  mining  town, 
Mexican  confed.,  state  &  25  m.  N.W.  Za- 
catecas.     P.  8,000.(?) 

Fresnoy-le- Grand,  a  comm.  &  vill. 
of  France,  dep.  Aisne.     P.  3,952. 

Fresse,  two  comms.  &  vills.  of  France. 

1,  dep.  H.  SaOne.     P.  2,858. IL 

dep.  Vosges.     P.  1,200. 

Freteval,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Loir-et-Cher,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Loire. 

Freudenberg,  a  vill.  of  W.  Germany, 
grand  duchy  Baden,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Main. 
P.  1,718. 

Freudenstadt,  a  town  of  S.  Germany, 
"Wiirtemberg,  circ.  Black  Forest,  on  the 
Murg.     P.  4,130. 

Freudenthal,  a  walled  town  of  Aus- 
trian Silesia,  circ.  Troppau.     P.  3,608. 

Frevent,  a  comm.  &  town,  France,  dep. 
Pas-de-Calais,  on  the  Canche.     P.  3,097. 

Freyeerg,  a  town  of  Moravia,  circ. 
Prerau,  N.  of  the  Sudetengebirge.  P. 
3,600. 

Freycinet  (Harbor),  an  inlet  of 
Shark  bay,  "W.  Australia.  —  {Island), 
Pacific,  Dangerous  archipelago. 

Frey-oe,  an  isl.  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Norway,  stift  Drontheim. 

Freystadt,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria, 
on  the  railway  between  Linz  &  Budweis. 
P.  3,000. 

Freystadtel,  a  market  town  of  Hun- 
gary, circ.  Neutra,  on  the  Waag.   P.  4,660. 

Freywaldau,  a  town  of  Austrian  Sile- 
sia, circ.   Troppau.      P.  2,100. ^II.   a 

vill.  of  Prussian  Silesia.     P.  1,050. 

Frias,  a  small  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Burgos,  near  the  Ebro.     P.  1,210. 

Fribourg,  a  cant.,  Switzerland.  Area, 
565  sq.m.  P.  91,145.  Dent  de  Brenlaire, 
here,  7,723  ft. ;  Dent  de  Folligran,  7,716 
ft.;  Mont  Moleson,  6,583  ft;  The  inhabs. 
are  mostly  of  Gallic  descent,  &  French 
is  the  prevalent  language  in  the  towns. 

II.  a  town  of  Switzerland,  on  the 

Sariue,  cap.  cant.     P.  8,400.     Elev.  (of 
college)  2,083  feet. 

Frick,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Aargau.  P.  1,817.  The  Frickthal,  of 
which  it  is  the  cap.,  is  a  valley  of  about 
100  sq.  m.  in  extent,  with  a  pop.  of  20,000. 

Friedberg,  a  fortified  town  of  Hessen 
Darmstadt,  prov.  Upper  Hessen.   P.  2,700. 

II.  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ.  Upper 

Bavaria.     P.  2,000. 


rue] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER, 


816 


Friedeberg,  several  towns  of  Prussia. 
— "—I.  prov.  Brandenburg,  on  the  Peza. 
P.  4,540. II.  a  town  of  Prussian  Sile- 
sia, on    the  Quiess.      P.  2,140. III. 

(High),  Silesia. 

Friedeburg,  a  vill.  of  Hanover,  E. 
Friesland,  cap.  dist.     P.  7,207.    ^ 

Friedeck,  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia, 
on  the  Ostrawitza.     P.  3,700. 

Friedehsdorf,  a  frontier  vill.  of  Pruss. 
Silesia,  on  the  Quiess.     P.  1,266. 

Friedewald,  a  market  town,  Hessen 
Cassel.     P.  1,545. 

Friedland,  numerous  towns,  &o.,  of 

Germany. 1.    Mecklenburg-Strelitz. 

P.  4,656. II.  B.  Prussia,  reg.  Konigs- 

berg,  cap.  circ.  P.  2,478.  Here  the 
French  defeated  the  allied  Russians  & 
Prussians,  14th  June,.  1807.^ — III.  Bo- 
hemia.  P.  3,497. IV.  {Mdrkisch),  W. 

Prussia.,  with  2,300  inhabs. V.  {Prus- 
sian), W.  Prussia.     P.  1,600. 

Friedrichroda,  a  town  of  Central 
Germany,  duchy  Saxe-Gotha,  cap.  dist., 
in  the  Thuringian  forest.     P.  2,130. 

Friedrichshafen,  a  town  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  circ.  Danube.     P.  1,672. 

Friendly,  a  colleotioii  of  upwards  of 
150  isls..  Pacific  ocean,  composing  the 
Tonga  &  Feejee  groups  between  lat. 
13°  &  25°  S.,  &  Ion.  172°  W.  &  177°  E. 
Principal  isls.,  Tacanova,  Ambow,  & 
Tongataboo. 

Friendship,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  1,675. 

Friesland  (East),  (Princip.  of),  the 
N.W.  portion  of  Hanover. 

Frigento,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
princip.  Ult.,  cap.  cant.     P.  3,000. 

Frigiliana,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Malaga.     P.  2,043. 

Frignano  (Maggiore  <fc  Minore),  two 
Contig.  vllls.  of  Naples.  United  pop.  2,356. 

Friesach,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov. 
Brandenburg.     P.  2,300. 

Friesland,  a  prov.  of  the  Netherlands, 
on  the  N.E.  side  of  the  Zuyder  Zee.  Area, 
1,266  sq.  m.  P.  246,636.  Surface  flat,  & 
being  below  the  level  of  the  sea,  its  coasts 
are  protected  by  dykes. 

Fhingybazar,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

Frische-Haff,  an  extensive  lagoon 
of  E.  Prussia. 

Pritzlar,  a  town  of  Germany,  Hessen- 
Cassel,  on  the  Edder.    P.  3,049. 

Friuli,  an  old  prov.  of  N.  Italy. 

Frobisher  Strait,  Brit.  N.  America, 
lat.  62°  to  64°  N.,  &  Ion.  65°  to  73°  or  74° 
W.,  is  a  passage  from  the  ocean  W.-ward, 
between  Hudson  strait  &  Northumber- 
land inlet.     L.  140  m. ;  medium  br.  20  m. 


Frodsham,  a  market  town,  England, 
on  the  Mersey  &  Weever  rivs. 

Froen,  an  isl.  of  Norway,  off  its  W. 
qoast. II.  a  vill.  of  Norway. 

Frohburg,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circ. 
Leipsic.     P.  2,523. 

Frohsdorf,  a  vill.  of  Lower  Austria, 
on  the  Leitha. 

Frome,  a  town  of  England,  co.  Somer- 
set, on  the  Frome.  P.  25,325.  It  is  ir- 
regularly built  on  the  skirts  of  Selwood 
Forest. 

Frome,  several  rivs.  of  England. 

I.  CO.  Dorset. II.  {Upper),  an  afiB.  of 

the  Severn,  co.  Gloucester. III.  {Low- 
er), an  afil.  of  the  Avon,  in  same  co. 

IV.  an  afla.  of  the  Lugg,  co.  Hereford. 
V.  a  riv.,  co.  Somerset.     L.  20  m. 

Fhomista,  an  old  &  decayed  town  of 
Spain,  prov.  Palencia,  near  the  canal  of 
Castile.     P.  1,029. 

Fronsac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gironde,  cap.  cant.,  on  r.  b.  of  the 
Dordogne.     P.  1,529. 

Front  Royal,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Warren  co. 
Va. 

Front   (St.),    a   comm.  and  vill.   of 

France,  dep.  H.  Loire.     P.  3,033." II. 

Lot-et  Garonne.     1,124. 

Fronteira,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov. 
Alemtejo.     P.  2,480. 

Frontera  de  Tabasco  (La),  a  town, 
Mexican  confed.,  dep.  &  on  the  Tabasco, 
about  3  m.  from  its  mouth,  in  the  Carib- 
bean sea. 

Frontignan,  a  comm.  &  town  of  S. 
FrancB,  dep.  Herault.     P.  4,956. 

Fronton,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Garonne.     P.  2,225. 

Frosinone,  a  town  of  S.  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.,  on  the  Cosa.     P.  7,660. 

Fbosolone,  a  vill.  of  Naples,  prov. 
Molise,  cap.  cant.     P.  4,200. 

Frossay,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Loire  Inf.,  on  the  Loire.     P.  2,820. 

Froyen,  an  isl.  of  Norway,  off  its  W. 
coast.     L.  20  m.  ;  greatest  br.  8  m. 

Frozen  Strait,  British  N.  Amer.,  is 
between  Southampton  isl.  &  Melville 
peninsula.  Lat.  66°  N.,  Ion.  85°  E. 
Av.  br.  15  m. 

Fruges,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Pas-de-Calais,  c:ip.  cant.     P.  2,924. 

Fhutigbn,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Bern.     P.  1,000. 

Frybburg,  t.,  Oxford  co.  Me.  Lovell's 
pond,  famous  in  early  Indian  warfafe, 
lies  near  the  v.     P.  1,536. 

FuBiNE,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont.     P.  2,234. 

FucA,  a  strait  of  N.  Amer.,  Oregon 
territ.ory,  leading  from  the  Pacific  into 
the   gulf  of   Georgia,    S.   of  Vancouver 


316 


OVCLOP^DIA    OF    GEOGRAPHV. 


[fun 


island,  &  forming  a  part  of  the  British  & 
U.  States  boundary  line.  Lat.  of  en- 
trance 49°  10'  N.,  Ion.  124°  W. 

FucEccHio,  a  town  of  Tuscany,  on  rt. 
b.  oftheArno.     P.  4,140. 

PuciNO,  the  principal  lake  of  Naples, 
prov.  Abruzzo  Ult.  II.  L.  10  m.;  br.  7 
m. 

FuEGO  (Volcano  de),  a  mountain  of 
Central  America,  state  Guatemala. 

FuEGOs,  one  of  the  Philippine  islands, 
Asiatic  archipelago.  20  m.  in  length  by 
6  m.  in  breadth. 

FuENCALiENTE,  a  towu  of  Spain,  prov. 
Ciudad-Real.     P.  1,420. 

FuEN-Ho,  a  river  of  China,  prov.  Shan- 
si.     Navigable  for  300  m. 

Fcen-Mayor,  a  town  of  Spain,  near 
the  Ebro.     P.  2,037. 

FUENSALIDA  &  FuENSANTA,  two  Small 

towns  of  Spain. 1,  prov.  Tuledo.     P. 

2,299. II,  prov.    Cuenca.     P.    1,700. 

FuENTE-TcHOU-FOO,  a  city  of  China, 
prov.  Shan-si,  cap.  dep.,  near  the  Fuen- 
Ho. 

FuENTE,    numerous   towns   of    Spain. 

1.    {P.    Alamo),    prov.    Murcia.     P. 

6,250. II.  {F.  Cantos),  prov.  Bada- 

jos.   P.  5,190. III.  {F.  de  ieon),  prov. 

Badajos.     P.   3,280.     There   is   a   silver 

mine  in  its  vicinity. IV.  {del  Maes- 

tre),  prov.  Badajos.     P.  6,106. V.  {el 

Sancd),  prov.  Valladolid.     P.  2,599. 

VI.  {La  Higuera),  prov.  Valencia.     P. 

2,626. VI.  {La  Pena),  prov.  Zamora. 

P.  1,576. VII.  {Ovejuna),  prov.  Cor- 
dova.    P.  4,660. 

FuENTEPELAGO,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Segovia.     P.  1,352. 

FuENTEs,  several  towns  of  Spain. 
I.   {P.  de   la  Campana),  prov.    Sevilla. 

P.    8,672. II.    {de   Von    Bermuda), 

prov.    Palencia.     P.    3,065. III.    {de 

Onore),  prov.  Salamanca. 

FuERTE,  a  small  isl.  off  the  N.W. 
coast  of  S.  America,  New  X^ranada,  'in 
the  Caribbean  sea. — {Rio  de),  a  river, 
Mexican  confed.,  Sinaloa,  which  enters 
the  gulf  of  California.     L.  80  m. 

FuEHTEVENTUHA,  One  of  the  Canary 
isls.,  in  the  E.  part  of  the  archipelago. 
Area,  758  sq.  m.  P.  11,860.  The  cap. 
is  Betancuria.  P.  900,  &  Cabras  on  the 
E.  coast,  with  the  principal  harbor,  has 
a  pop.  of  2^200. 

FuGA,  an  isl.  of  the  Asiatic  archipelago, 
Babuyanes,  &  about  35  m.  in  circuit. 

FuGELOE,  an  isl.  of  Norway,  Finmark, 
in  the  Arctic  ocean. 

FiJHNEN,  an  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  and  next 
to  Seeland,  the  largest  of  the  Danish 
isls.    Area,  1,123  sq.  m.    P.  159,000. 


FuLAiLEE,  a  river  of  Scinde,  forming 
the  £.  arm  of  the  Indus  at  its  delta. 

FuLANGA,  one  of  the  Feejee  isls.,  Pa- 
cific ocean. 

FuLDA,  a  river  of  Germany,  mostly 
within  the  territ.  Hessen-Cassel.  Length, 
90  m. 

FuLDA,  a  town  of  Germany,  Hessen- 
Cassel,  on  the  Fulda.     P.  9,570. 

FULEK,  &  FULE^-SZALLAS,  tWO  vills.  of 

Hungary.- — -I.  circ.  Neograd.   P.  1,760. 

II.  dist.  Little  Cumania.     P.  2,600. 

Fulgent  (St.),  a  comm.  &   town  of 
France,  dep. Vendee,  cap.  cant.   P.  1,345. 
FuLNECK,  a  vill.  of  Engl.,  co.  York,  W. 
Eiding.     Tlie  inhabs.  are  mostly  Mora- 
vians, who  settled  here  in  1,723. 

FuLNECK,  a  town  of  Moravia.  P. 
3,500. 

FuLTA,  a  considerable  vill.  of  British 
India,  presid.  Bengal. 

Fulton,  a  N.-Eastern  eo.  of'N.  Y. 
Area,  500  sq.  m.  Cap.  Johnstown.  Ex- 
tensive  manufs.    of   woollens,  paper,  & 

leather.     160  saw-m.     P.  20,171. II. 

a  northern  co.  of  la.     Area,  350  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Rochester.     P.  5,982. IIL  a  N.- 

Western  co.  of  111.      Cap.  Lewiston.     P. 

22,508.— IV.  county.  Pa.   P.  7,567. 

V.  county,  Ky.   P.  4,446. — —VI.  county, 

0.     P.    7,781.- VII.  county.  Ark.    P. 

1.819. -VIII.  t.,  Schoharie  eo.  N.Y.  P. 

2,566. IX.    p-v.,    Oswego    co.   N.  Y. 

Here  a  fall  of  20  ft.  in  the  Oswego  river 
affords  extensive  water  power.  P.  with 
the  Volney  t.,  5,310. X.  p-t.,  Hamil- 
ton co.O.     P.  1,506. XI.  p-v.,  cap.  of 

Galloway  co.  Mo.    P.  3,052. XII.  p-v., 

cap.  of  Itawamba  co.  Miss. 

Fulton  Lakes,  a  chain  of  8  small 
lakes  in  Herkimer  &  Hamilton  cos. 

FuMAY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ardennes,  cap.  cant.,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Meuse.    P.  3;300. ' 

FuMEL,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Lot-et-Garonne,  cap.  cant.,  on  the 
Lot.     P.  1,349. 

FuNCHAL,  the  cap.  town  of  the  isl.  Ma- 
deira, on  its  S.  coast.     P.  18,000. 

FuNDAo,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov. 
Beira.     P.  2,600. 

FuNDY  (Bay  of),  an  inlet  of  the  At- 
lantic, separating  Nova  Scotia  from  New 
Brunswick.  L.  S.W.  to  N.E.  100  m. ; 
av.  br.  35  m. 

FuNFKiECHBN,  a  royal  free  town  of 
S.  Hungary.     P.  14,500. 

Fung,  a  prefix  of  the  names  of  nu- 
merous cities,  &e.  China. I.{F.  -  Wah), 

prov.    Che  kiang,    on   a  branch   of    the 

Tchen-kiang     riv. II.    P.    {Whang- 

ching),  prov.  Leaotong,  near  the  Corean 


gab] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZKTTBER. 


S11 


frontier,  &  the  only  entrepot  of  the  trade 

between    China    &    Corea. II.    {F-- 

Yang),  prov.  Ngan-hoei. 

FuRCA  La,  a  mntn.  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Valais.     Height  8,268  feet. 

FuRED,  a  vill.  of  Hungary,  on  the  W. 

shore  of  Lake  Balaton.    P.  1,046. II. 

{Tisza-Fured),  a  market  town,  on  1.  b. 
of  the  Theiss.     P.  4,020. 

FuHEBDAEAD,  a  towQ  of  British  India, 
Upper  pro  vs. 

FuRBEDPOOR,  a  dist.  of  British  India, 
presid.  &  prov.  Bengal.  Area,  2,585  sc[. 
m.  Pop.- very  dense.  The  Ganges  in- 
tersects it  near  its  centre.  Indigo  is  the 
chief  crop. — Fureedpoor,  its  chief  town. 
II.  a  town,  dist.  &  10  m.  S.E.  Delhi. 

FijRK,  a  castle  &  vill.  of  E.  Persia.  The 
vill.  has  about  200  families. 

FuRLO,  a  vill.  of  Cent.  Itaty,  Pontif. 
states. 

FuKNAs,  a  vill.  on  the  E.  coast  of  the 
island  St.  Michael,  Azores,  with  sulphu- 
rous springs. 

FuRNEAux  Islands,  a  group,  Aus- 
tralasia, in  Bass  strait.  They  consist  of 
three  or  four  large  &  many  smaller  isls. 

Furneaux  is  also  an  island  in  the 

Pacific.    Lat.  17°  S.,  Ion.  143°  6'  "W. 

FiTRNEs,  the  most  W.  town  of  Belgium, 
prov.  W.  Flanders,  near  the  N.  sea.  P. 
4,699.     It  has  an  active  trade  in  cattle. 

FuRRAH,  a  decayed  town  of  AfFghanis- 

tan,  the  Furrah-rood  river. II.  a  vill. 

of  British  India,  presid.  Bengal,  dist.  & 
N.W.  Agra. 

FuHRucKABAD,  a  dist.  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal.  Area,  1,850  sq.  ni.— 
Furruckabad,  the  cap.  of  the  dist.  is  situ- 
ated near  the  Ganges.     P.  66,000. 

FuRRtrcKNAGuR,  two  towus  of  British 
India,  presid.  Bengal,  dist.  Delhi. 
,  FiJRSTENBERG,  Several  small  towns  of 

Germany. 1.    Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 

on  the  Havel.     P.  2,425. -II.  Prussia, 

prov.  Brandenburg.     P.  1,560. 

FiJRSTENAU,  a  town  of  N.  Germany, 

kgdm.  Hanover.     P.  1,285. II.  a  vill. 

of  H.  Darmstadt,  prov.  Starkenburg, 
with  a  fine  residence  of  the  counts  of 
Erbach. III.  a  vill.  &  castle  of  Swit- 
zerland, cant.  Grisons. 

FuRSTENFELD,  a  town  of  Styria,  circ. 
&  30  m.  E.  Gratz,  on  the  Feistritz.     P. 

2,000. II.  {F.  JB ruck),  a.  Yill.  of  Upper 

Bavaria. 

FiJRSTENWAi.DE,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
prov.  Brandenburg,. on  rt.  b.  of  the  Spree. 
P.  4,412. 

FuRTH,  the  prineip.  manuf.  t.  of  B  a varia , 
after  Niirnberg.  P.  14,987.  Manufs. 
comprise  fabrics  of  various  kinds,  mirrors, 


lacquered  wares  &  horn,  &  bone  articles. 

II.  a  frontier  -town  of  Bavaria.     P. 

2,244. III.  a  vill.  of  H.  Darmstadt, 

prov.  Starkenburg. 

Furv-and-Hecla  Strait,  N.  Amer., 
lat.  70°  N.,  Ion.  85°  W.,  leads  W.-ward 
into  Boothia  gulf.  Breadth  varies  from 
8  to  40  m. 

FusARO,  a  lalie  of  Naples,  prov.  Na- 
ples, on  the  peninsula  of  Baise. 

FusiGNANO,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.,  on  the  Senio.     P.  4,759. 

FusiNA,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  gov.  Venice, 
on  the  Brentaijanal. 

FiJssEN,  a  frontier  town  of  Bavaria, 
circ.  Swabia,  on  the  Lech.    P.  1,315. 

FuTAK,  a  town  of  S.  Hungary-,  cire. 
Bacs,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Danube.     P.  4,700. 

FuTTEHABAD,  Several  towns  of  Hin- 
dostan. 1,  dom.  Ougein.— — II.  Brit- 
ish India,  presid.   Bengal. III.   Aff- 

ghanistan,  plain  of  Jelalabad.  Also  a 
dist.  in  the  Nizam's  dom. 

FuTTEHGHUH,  a  towu  of  British  India, 

presid.   Bengal    on  the    Ganges. II. 

a  town  of  N.AV.  Hindostan,  on  the 
Ghara. III.  a  ruined  fort  of  the  Pun- 
jab.  IV.  a  fort  of  Affghanistan,  near 

the  E.  end  of  the  Khyber  pass. 

FuTTEHPOOR,  numerous  towns,  Ac,  ia 
India. 1.  British  India,  presid.  Ben- 
gal.    It  is  large. II.  Soinde,  in  tha 

delta  of  the  Indus. III.  Punjab,  on 

the  Ravee. IV.  {F.  Sikra),   British 

India,  presid.  Bengal. 

FuTTYPOOR,  two  towns  of  India. 1. 

British  dom.,  presid.  Bengal. II.  Raj- 

pootana. — Futtvpoor  is  a  large  vill.  of 
Scinde,  on  a  branch  of  the  Indus. 

FuT-wA,  a  town  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid. Bengal,  on  the  Ganges. 

FuuR,  an  island  of  Denmark,  prov. 
Jutland.     Area,  11  sq.  m.     P.  1,000. 

FuvEAu,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  B.  du  Rhone.     P.  1,897. 

Fyne  (LoCh),  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  Scot- 
land, CO.  Argyle,  running  up  between  the 
dists.  Kintyre  &  Cowal  for  about  40  m., 
with  an  av.  br.  of  5  m. 

Fyzabad,  a  town  of  India,  dom.  Oude, 

on  the  Kalee. II.    a  vill.  of  British 

India,  presid.  Bengal. III.  a  vill.  of 

Affghanistan,  on  the  Herirood. 


G. 


Gaabense,  a  vill.  of  Denmark,  on  the 
N.  coast  of  the  island  Falster. 

Gabel,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circ  Bun- 
zlau.     P.  2,00Q. 


618:     ■% 


CYCLOPJSDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[gal 


G-ABELA,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Herzegovina,  on  the  Narenta,  near  the 
Dalmatian  frontier. 

Gabeha,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Tar- 
ragona.    P.  1,574. 

GrABiAN,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Herault.     P.  1,023. 

GrABiANO,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  div. 
Alessandria,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Po.  P.  with 
comm.,  2,353. 

Gablonz,  a  market  town  of  Bohemia, 
circ.  Bunzlau,  on  the  Neisse.    P.  3,209. 

Gaboon,  a  river  of  W.  Africa,  enters 
the  Atlantic  by  a  wide  estuary,'  near  the 
equator.     French  colony  in  its  vicinity. 

Gabriel  (San),  an  island  in  the  Plata 

estuary,   22  m.  N.E.  Buenos  Ayres. 

II.  avill.Upper  California,  near  the  bay 
of  San  Pedro,  95  m.  N.W.  San  Diego. 

Gace  &  Gacilly  (La),  two  comms.  & 

towns  of  France. 1,  dep.  Orne,  cap. 

cant.      P.    1,500. II.  d!ep.  Morbihan, 

cap.  cant.     P.  1,403. 

Gacs,  a  market  town  of  W.  Hungary, 
circ.  Neograd.     P.  4,300. 

Gadames,  an  oasis  of  the  great  African 
desert,  S.  W.  of  Tripoli,  &  S.  cf  the  main 
chain  of  the  Atlas,  with  a  town. 

Gaddada,  a  river  of  Hindostan,  after 
a  S.  course  through  Bootan,  estimated  at 
150  m.,  during  which,  it  forms  numerous 
cataracts.  The  vills.  Tassisudon,  Pauga, 
&  Chuka  are  on  its  banks. 

Gade,  a  river  of  England,  co.  Herts. 

Gadebusch,  a  walled  town  of  N,.  Ger- 
many, Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  cap.  dist. 
P.  2,284. 

Gadjatsch,  a  town  of  S.  Russia,  gov. 
Poltava,  cap.  dist.,  on  the  Psiol.   P.  3,641. 

Gadoe,"  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Almeria, 
on  rt.  b.  of  the  Almeria.     P.  1,954. 

Gadsden,  a  central  co.  of  Fla.  It  ex- 
tends from  Ga.  to  the  gulf  of  Mexico. 
Cap.  Quinoy.  Produces  rice,  cotton,  to- 
bacco &  sugar.     P.  8,783. 

Gadshill,  England,  co.  Kent,  2-J  m. 
N.W.  Eochester,  famous  as  the  scene  of 
Falstaff's  &  Prince  Henry's  rencounter. 

Gaeta,  a  small  fortified  seaport  city 
of  Naples,  prov.  T.  di  Lavoro,  cap.  dist., 
on  ths  N.W.  side  of  the  gulf  of  Gaeta. 
P.  2,800.  Around  it  are  numerous  coun- 
try houses,  &  in  its  immediate  vicinity 
stood  the  villa  of  Cicero,  in  the  grounds 
of  which  he  met  his  death,  b.c.  43.  Pope 
Pius  IX.  sought  an  asylum  here  in  1849. 

Gaeta  (Gulf  of),  an  inlet  of  the  Med- 
iterranean, On  the  W.  coast  of  Italy. 

Gafsa,  a  town  of  N.  Africa,  Tunis,  on 
elevated  ground. 

(5-AGLiANO,  three  vills.  of  Naples.- 1. 

Abruzzo,  Ult.  II.,  dist.  Aquila.    P.  l',500. 


II.  Calab.  Ult.-II.,  dist.   Catanzaro. 

P.  1,400. ^III.  Otranto,  dist.  Gallipoli. 

P.  2,700. 

Gaidaronisi,  an  island  off  the  S.W. 
coast  of  Asia-Minor,  in  the  JEgean  sea. 

Gail,  a  riveroflllyria,  joins  the  Drave 
after  an  E.  course  of  65  m. 

Gaildorf,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  circ. 
Jaxt,  on  the  Kocher.     P.  1,510. 

Gaillac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 

dep.  Tarn,  cap.  arrond.    P.  5,507. II. 

a  vill.,  dep.  Aveyron.     P.  1,243.- III. 

{G.  Toulza),  dep.  H.  Garonne.    P.  1,723. 

Gaillan  &   Gaillon,  two   comms.  & 

vills.  of  France.- 1,  dep.  Gironde.     P. 

1,793. II.  dep.  Eure-,  cap.  cant.     P. 

2,596. 

Gaines,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
2,722. 

Gainsborough,   p-v.,  cap.  of  Jackson 

CO.  Tenn. II.  a  seaport,  market  town, 

&  pa.  of  England,  co.  Lincoln,  on  the 
Trent.     P.  27,264. 

Gainsville,  p-t.,  Wyoming  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  1,760. II.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Hall  CO.  Ga. 

III.  p-v.,  Sumpter  co.  Ala. 

Gairsa,  one  of  the  Orkney  isls. 

Gais,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant.  Ap- 
penzell,  2,900  feet  above  the  sea. 

Galacz,  a  town  &  the  port  of  Molda- 
via, on  1.  b.  of  the  Danube,  between  the 
mouths  6f  the  Sereth  &  the  Pruth.  Pop. 
12,000.  (7)  Since  1834,  when  Galacz  was 
made  a  free  port,  its  trade  has  rapidly 
increased. 

Galadzet  Hills,  a  range  in  the  Bur- 
mese dom..  Further  India. 

Gala  Water,  a  river  of  Scotland. 

Galam,  a  town  of  W.  Africa,  on  the 
Senegal  river. 

Galantha,  a  fortified  vill.  of  W.  Hun- 
gary.    P.  2,870.     ■ 

Galapagos  Islands,  a  group  of  the 
Pacific  ocean,  on  &  near  the  equator,  be- 
tween Ion.  89°  &  92°  W.,  730  m.W.  the 
coast  of  Ecuador,  S.  Amer.,  &^ consisting 
of  6  principal  &  7  small  isls.,  the  largest 
Albemarle  isl.,  being  60  m.  in  length,  by 
15  m.  in  breadth,  &  reaching  an  elevation 

of  4,000  ft. II.  an  unimportant  group 

of  the  W.  Indies,  Bahamas,  N.  of  Abaco. 

Galashiels,  a  burgh  of  barony  of 
Scotland,  cos.   Roxburgh  &  Selkirk. 

Galata,  the  largest  suburb  of  Con- 
stantinople, on  the  N.  side  of  the  Golden 
Horn.  It  is  about  4  m.  in  circumference, 
enclosed  by  walls,  &  entered  by  numer- 
ous gates,  which  are  shut  at  sunset.  Tho 
inhabs.  are  mostly  European  Christians. 

. II.   a  vill.  of  Greece,    gov.  ^tolia, 

near  the  Phidaris. III.  a  vill.  &  capo 

of  Bulgaria,  on  the  Black  sea. 


gal] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


319 


Galatone,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Otranto,  cap.  cant.     P.  4,150. 

Galaxidi,  a  seaport  town  of  Greece, 
gov.  Phocis,  on  the  gnlf  of  Salona. 

Galdab,  a  vill.  of  the  Great  Canary 
isl.,  on  its  iSi  .W.  coast. 

Galega,  a  small  isl.  in  the  Indian 
ocean,  N.E.  Madagascar. 

Galen,  t.,  Wayne  co.  N.  Y.     P.  4,609. 

Galena,  city  &  cap.  of  Jo-Davis'  co. 
III.,  on  Bean  r.,  which  is  navigable  to 
this  point  for  the  largest  steamboats.  In 
this  region  vast  amounts  of  lead  &  con- 
siderable copper  are  produced.    P.  6,004. 

Galera,  a  riv.  of  Brazil,  prov.  Mato- 
Grosso,  joins  the  Guapore,  after  a  course 

of  about  90  m. II.    an  isl..  Pacific, 

Solomon  archip. III.  a  point  of  S. 

Amer.,  N.  Granada,  28  m.  N.N.E.  Car- 
tagena, bounding  the  bay  of  Zemba  on 
theN. 

Gali'ano  Island,  British  N.  America, 
in  Queen  Charlotte's  sound. 

Galicia,  an  old  prov.  of  Spain,  with 
the  title  of  kingdom.  Area,  15,897  sq.  m. 
P.  1,472,786.  Surface  generally  mntnous. 
Principal  rivers,  the  Minho,  Sil,  &  Ulla. 
The  mass  of  the  Galicians  or  Gallegos 
are  very  poor,  ignorant,  &  uncivilized, 
but  hardy  &  industrious  ;  &  they  make 
the  best  agricultural  laborers,  soldiers,  & 
domestic  servants  in  the  peninsulg,. 

Galicia  &  Lodomeria,  or  Austrian 
Poland,  a  kingdom  or  prov.  of  the  Aus- 
trian empire,  cap.  Lemberg,  lies  in  the 
form  of  a  terrace  on  the  N.  slope  of  the 
Carpathian  mntns.  It  is  bounded  W.  by 
Silesia,  S.  by  Hungary  &  Transylvania, 
E.  by  Moldavia  &  Russia,  &  N.by  Russia, 
Poland,  &  Prussia.  Area,  33,538  sq.  m. 
P.  4,910,629,  including  220,000  Jews. 
The  kingdom  is  divided  into  19  circles, 
comprising  96  tqwns,  193  market  towns, 
&  6,060  villages.  This  country,  which 
was  long  possessed  by  the  Poles,  was 
made  over  to  Austria  in  the  partition  of 
the  country  in  1772  &  1795. 

Galilee,  a  prov.  of  ano.  Judea,  com- 
prising the  country  W.  of  the  Jordan, 
from  Samaria  nearly  to  Sidon,  together 
with  both  shores  of  the  lake  of  Galilee. 
It  now  forms  the  central  part  of  the  pash. 
Acre,  Asiat.  Turkey. 

Galinara,  a  small  .isl.  of  the  Sard, 
sta.,  in  the  Mediterranean. 

Galita,  an  isl.  of  the  Mediterranean, 
off  the  N.  coast  of  Tunis. 

Galitch,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the 
lake  of  Galitch.     P.  3,000. 

Gall  (St.),  a  canton  in  the  N.E.  of 
Switzerland.  Area,  749  sq.  m.  P.  158,853. 
Mt.  Sentis,  near  its  centre,  has  an  elev. 


of  8,215  ft.  German  is  the  language  of 
the  canton  ;  nearly  2-3ds  of  the  inhabs. 
are  Roman  Catholics,  &  the  rest  Protes- 
tants.  II.  a  town  of  Switzerland,  cap. 

cant.  St.  Gall.     P.  9,430. 

Gallaratb,  a  mkt.  town  of  Lombardy, 
deleg.  Milan.     P.  3,900. 

Gallardon,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Eure-et-Loir.     P.  1,496. 

Gallargues,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Gard,  on  railway  to  Mont- 
pellier.     P.  1,972. 

Gallas,  an  undefined  region  of  Abys- 
sinia &  the  adjacent  countries. 

Gallatin,  a  northern  co.  of  Ky.,  on 
the    Ohio   riv.      Cap.   Warsaw.     Staple, 

tobacco.  P.  5,137. II.  a  S.E,  co.  of  111. 

Area,  790  sq.  m.    Salt  springs  are  found 

here.     Cap.  Equality.    P.  5,448. III. 

p-v.,  cap.  Sumner  co.  Tenn.    P.  999. 

IV.  p--x;-,  cap.  of  Copiah  co.  Miss. V. 

p-t..  cap.  of  Davies  co.  Mo. VI.  t.,  Co- 
lumbia CO.  N.  Y.    P.  1,586. 

Gallatins,  r.,  one  of  the  S.W.  sources 
of  Missouri  riv. 

Galle  (Point  de),  a  town  of  Ceylon, 
on  S.W.  side,  a  station  where  steam- 
packets  call. 

Gallego,  a  riv.  of  Spain,  joins  the 
Ebro,  after  a  S.-ward  course  of  80  m. 

Gallegos,  a  small  &  rapid  river  of 
Patagonia,  enters  the  Atlantic,  opposite 
the  Falkland  isls.,  by  a  large  estuary,  in 
which  the  tide  is  said  to  rise  46  feet. 

Gallese,  a  vill.  of  Central  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta.     P.  1,060. 

Gallia,  a  S.E.  co.  of  0.  Area,  500 
sq.  m.  Its  earlier  settlers  were  from 
France.     Cap.  Gallipolis.     P.  17,063. 

Galliano,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  deleg. 
Como,  has  a  curious  Lombard  church, 
with  inscriptions  of  the  4th  &  frescoes 
of  the  11th  century. 

Galliate,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  prov. 
Novara.     P.  5,858. 

Gallicana,  a  vill.  of  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.     P.  1,300. 

Gallipoli,  a  seaport  towmof  European 
Turkey,  Rumili,  cap.  sanj.,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  the  peninsula  of  same  name,  at 
the  entrance  of  the  sea  of  Marmora.  P. 
17,000. C?.)  It  has  two  ports,  &  is  the 
principal  station  of  the  Turkish  fleet. 
Manufs.  of  cottons,  silks,  earthenwares, 
&  the  best  morocco  leather  made  in 
Turkey. 

Gallipoli  (Peninsula  of),  extending 
S.W.,  separating  the  Hellespont  on  the 
S.E.,  from  ^gean  sea  &  gulf  of  Saros  on 
the  W.  &  N.     L.  63  m. ;  br.  4  to  13  m. 

Gallipoli,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of 
Naples,   prov.   Otranto,  cap.  dist.,-  on  a 


320 


CrCLOP^-EDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[gan 


rocky  inlet  in  thef'  gulf  of  Taranto.  P. 
8,200.  It  is  eiiiefly  noted  for  its  exten- 
sive cisterns,  excavated  in  tKe  rock,  & 
peculiarly  adapted  for  clarifying  olive 
oil.  I  m.  W.  is  the  isl.  St.  Andrea,  be- 
tween which  &  the  town  is  a  harbor,  with 
from  10  to  12  fathoms  water. 

Gallipolis,  p-t.,  cap- of  Gallia  eo.  0. 
There  is  an  ancient  mound  18  or  20  rods 
in  circ.  in  this  t.     P.  2,228. 

Gallo  (Oapb),  a  headland  of  the  N. 

coast    of    Sicily. II.   a   headland  of 

Greece,  Morea,  forming  the  S.  extremity 
of  the  gov.  Messenia. 

Galloway,  a  district  comprising  the 

S.W.  part  of  Scotland. II.  {Mull  of), 

a  bold  rocky  hea'dland,  forming  the  ex- 
treme S.  point  of  Scotland. — —III.  t., 
Atlantic  co.  N.  J.     P.  2,208. 

Gallyhead,  a  prom,  of  Ireland,  Mvin- 
ster,  CO.  Cork. 

Galmiek  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
Prance,  dep.  Loire.     P.  2,113. 

Galofabo,  a  famous  whirlpool  imme- 
diately outside  of  the  harbor  of  Messina, 
in  the  strait  between  Italy  &  Sicily ; 
opposite  to  it  on  the  coast  of  Italy  is  the 
rock  of  Scylla. 

Galtee  Mountains,  Ireland,  Mun- 
ster,  extend.  B.  &  W.  for  about  20  m. 
Several  peaks  exceed  in  elevation  2,000 
feet. 

Galveston,  county,  Texas.  Cap. 
Galveston.  P.  4,529. II.  Galves- 
ton, a  seaport  town,  Texas,  on  the 
E.  extremity  of  Galveston  isl.,  at  the 
entrance  to  Galveston  bay,  gulf  of  Mexi- 
co. P.  4,067.  Vessels  drawing  12  feet 
water  can  lay  off  its  piers,  &  it  is  the  seat 

of  a  growing  trade. Galveston  bay, 

extends   for  30  m.  inland. Galveston 

Isl.,  30  m.  in  length  by  2  or  3  m.  across, 
has  at  its  S.  extremity  the  town  &  har- 
bor of  San  Luis. 

Galvez,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Toledo. 
P.  2,263. 

Galway,  a  maritime  co.  of  Ireland, 
Connaught.  Area,  1,565,726  ac.  P.  of 
Galway  in  1841,  422,923,  in  1851,  298,129. 
Surface  in  the  W.  includes  the  lakes 
Corrib.  &  Mask,  &  the  district  of  Conne- 
mara,  one  of  the  wildest  &  most  moun- 
tainous in  Ireland. II.  p-t.,  Saratoga 

00.  N.  Y.     P.  2,412. IIL   a  pari.  & 

munic.  bor.,  seaport  &  market  town,  cap. 
Galway  co.,  &  co.  of  itself.  The  harbor 
is  furnished  with  docks  admitting  vessels 

of  500  tons  burden. Gahcay  bay,   a 

large  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  W.  coast  of 
Ireland.  L.  W.  to  E.  30  m.;  av.  br.  10 
miles. 

Galwen,  a  town  of  E.  Africa,  in  the 


region  south  of  Abyssinia,  on  a  river. 
P.  9,000.(?) 

Gamaches,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Somme,  on  the  Bresle.     P.  1,273. 

Gambaka  &  Gambakaro,  two  villa, 
of  N.  Italy. 

Gambatesa,  a  vill.  of  Naples,  prov. 
Molise.     P.  2,700. 

Gambia,  a  river  of  W.  Africa,  Sene- 
gambia,  the  centre  of  which  region  it 
traverses,  entering  the  Atlantic  at  Ba- 
thurst.  L.  1,000  m.  At  its  mouth  it  is 
about  4  m.  across,  but  immediately  with- 
in this  its  width  is  doubled,  &  a  forty- 
gun  brig  may  ascend  it  for  about  150  m. 

-II.,  a  British  colony  of  W.  Africa, 

consisting  of  the  isl.  St.  Mary,  with  the 
town  of  Bathurst,  &c.,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river  Gambia,  &  sev.  forts  on  its 
banks,  along  which  British  influence  ex- 
tends to  beyond  M'Carthy  isl. 

Gambiek,  p-v.,  Knox  co.  0.  It  was 
laid  out  in  the  centre  of  a  tract  of  4,000 
acres  of  land  belonging  to  Kenyon  col- 
lege. This  institution  is  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  episcopalians,  &  has  a  presi- 
dent, 11  professors,  55  students,  &  a  li- 
brary of  8,720  vols. II.  a  group  in  the 

Pacific  ocean,  lat.  22°  30'  S.,  Ion.  154° 
40'  W.,  consisting  of  5  large  islands  & 
several  small  islets,  in  a  coral  reef  la- 
goon, &  important  as  being  (except  Pit- 
cairn  island)  the  only  known  station  be- 
tween Chile  &  Tahiti,  where  good  water 

is  procurable. III.  a  group,  Spencer 

gulf,  S.  Australia,  Wedge  island. 

Gambolo,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  div. 
Novara.    P.  of  comm.  "5,075. 

Gamla,  a  town  of  Finland,  1  m.  from 
the  gulf  of  Bothnia.     P.  2,000. 

Gan,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
B.  Pyrenees.     P.  1,139. 

Gandapoob,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bombay. 
.  Gandehsheim,    a  town   of    N.    Ger- 
many, duchy  Brunswick,  cap.  circ.  on  the 
Gande.     P.  1,925. 

Gandesa,  a  market  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Tarragona.     P.  2,316. 

Gandia,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Va- 
lencia, near  the  Mediterranean.  P. 
5,751. 

Gandicotta,  a  town  &  fort  of  British 
India,  presid.  Madras. 

Gandino,  a  market  town  of  Lom- 
bardy,  cap.  dist.     P.  4,000. 

Gandiolle,  a  vill.  of  W.  Africa,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Senegal  river,  said  to  have 
5,000  inhabitants. 

Ganges,  the  principal  river  of  Hindoa- 
tan.  It  rises  by  two  principal  heads 
from  an  immense  mass  of  snow  at  an  ele- 


gar] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


321 


vation  of  13,000  feet ;  flows  at  first  S.W. 
to  Hurdwar,  &  thenceforward  mostly 
E.S.E.  to  the  bay  of  Bengal,  which  it 
enters  by  numerous  mouths.  Total  course 
estimated  at  1,500  m.  In  its  course  it 
receives  11  afSuents,  some  of  which  are 
equal  to  the  Rhine.  The  Ganges  is  the 
sacred  river  of  the  Hindoos,  &  is  so  called 
as  flowing  through  Gang,  the  earth,  to 
heaven. 

Ganges,  a  comni.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Herault,  cap.  cant.,  near  1.  b.  of  the 
Herault.     P.  4,590. 

Gangi,  atown  of  Sicily,  prov.  Palermo, 
cap.  cant.     P.  9,350. 

Gangoutri,  a  famous  place  of  pilgri- 
mage in  N.  Hindostan,  near  the  source 
of  the  Ganges,  &  10,073  feet  above  the 
sea. 

Gangpoor,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

Ganjam,  the  most  N.  dist.  of  the  pre- 
sid. Madras,  British  India,  on  the  Coro- 
mandel  coast.  Area,  3,700  sq.  m.  P. 
588,079. 

Gannat,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Prance, 
dep.  AUier,  cap.  arrOnd.,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Andelot.     P.  4,769. 

Gangs,  a  maritime  town  of  European 
Turkey,  Rumili,  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
sea  of  Marmora. 

Ganserndorf,  a  vill.  of  Lower  Aus- 
tria. 

Gap,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  cap. 
dep.  H.  Alpes,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Luie.  P. 
5,324. 

Gara,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  Connaught. 
Area,  4,537  ac. 

Garachico,  a  town  of  the  isl..  Tene- 
riffe,  on  its  N.  coast.     P.  2,500. 

Garbieh,  a  maritime  prov.  of  Lower 
Egypt,  in  the  delta  of  the  Nile. 

Gard,  a  riv.  of  S.  France. —  ThePont- 
de-Gard,  10  m.  N.E.  Nimes,  is  an  aque- 
duct bridge,  celebrated  as  one  of  the 
most  magnificent  Roman  remains  in 
France. 

Gahd,  a  dep.  of  France,  in  the  S.  Area, 
2,312  sq.  m.  It  has  mines  of  iron,  coal, 
lead,  sulphur,  &  zinc.  Numerous  salt 
marshes  &  mineral  springs.  Corn  is 
raised  insufficient  for  home  consumption, 
but  wine,  brandy,  olive  oil,  &  fruit  are 
abundant.     P.  408,163. 

Garda,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  gov.  Ve- 
nice, on  the  E.  shore  of  the  lake  of  Gar- 
da,  on  which  it  has  a  small  harbor.  P. 
with  comm.  3,000. 

Gauda  (Lake  of),  the  largest  lake  of 
N.  Italy.  L.  N.  to  S.,  35  m. ;  b.,  2  to  10 
m.  Height  above  the  sea,  320  ft. ;  grea't- 
est  depth,  951  ft. 

14* 


Gardanne,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  B.-du-Rhune.     P.  2,020. 

Garde-Freinet  (La),  a  comm.  &  vill. 
of  France,  dep.  Var.     P.  1,641. 

Gardelegen,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, cap.  circ.  on  the  Milde.  P.  5,750.' 

GardiIci,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Epirus. 

Gardiner,  p-t.,  Kennebec  co.  Me.,  on 
the  W.  side  of  Kennebec  r.  It  has  an  ex- 
tensive water  power.     Various  manufs. 

P.  6,486. II.  p-t.,  "Worcester  co.  Mass. 

P.  1,260. 

Gardiner's  Bay,  is  an  inlet  at  the  E. 
extremity  of  Long  Island,  New  York. 
In  it  is  Gardiner's  island,  4  m.in  length, 
by  2  m.  in  breadth,  &  richly  cultivated. 

Gardone,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy.  P.  1,500. 

Garessio,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  div. 
Coni,  on  the  Tanaro.  P.  with  comm. 
5,436. 

Garfagnana,  a  dist.  of  N.  Italy,  Tus- 
cany.    Area,  155  sq.  m.     P.  31,7i7. 

Gargano,  a  mntn.  peninsula  of  Naples, 
extending  30  m.  into  the  Adriatic,  with 
a  breadth  varying  from  15  to  30  miles. 
Monte  Calvo  is  a  limestone  mass  5,295 
ft.  in  height. 

Gargahus,  a  mntn.  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia.  It  is  the  most  elevated  sum- 
mit of  the  range  of  Ida,  4,955  feet  in 
height,  &  like  Etna,  subdivided  into  a 
triple  zone  of  cultivated  land,  forests,  & 
snow. 

"  Gargnano,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  cap. 
dist.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  the  Lake  Garda. 
P.  with  comm.  4,000. 

Garigliano,  a  river  of  Naples.  L. 
75  m. 

Garioch,  an  inland  dist.  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Aberdeen,  comprising  150  sq.  m. 

Garland,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.  Me.  P. 
1,065. 

Garlasco,  a  mkt.  town  of  Piedmont, 
div.  Noyara.    P.  with  comm.  5,436. 

Garlin,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Pyrenees,  cap.  arr.     P.  1,510. 

Garnache  (La),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Vendee.     P.  2,743. 

Garnock,  a  small  river  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Ayr. 

Garnsee,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov.  N. 
Pruss.     P.  1,985. 

Garojmna,  an  isl.  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Ireland,  Connaught,  co.  Galway.  Area, 
about  3j  sq.  m. 

Garonne,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in 
the  Pyrenees,  on  the  confines  of  Spain, 
enters  France  near  the  vill.  of  Pont-du- 
Roi.  At  Blaye  the  river  loses  its  name 
&  assumes  that  of  the  Gironde,  which  it 
receives  at  its  junction  with  the  Dordogne, 


322 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[gau 


at  Bee  d'Ambez.  L.  300  m.  The  canal 
du  Midi  connects  the  Garonne  with  the 
Mediterranean. 

GrARONNE  (Haute),  a  dep.  of  the  S.  of 
France,  on  »the  frontiers  of  Spain.  P. 
480,794.  Corn  &  wine  form  chief  arti- 
cles of  export.  Lint,  hemp,  tobacco,  & 
oranges  are  grown ;  niules  are  extensively 
reared  &  exported  to  Spain.  Manufs. 
various. 

GrAHOO,  a  vill.  or  station  of  the  Chinese 
empire,  S.  Tibet,  near  a  source  of  the 
Indus.     Elev.  16,000  ft. 

GrAERAED,  an  E.  county  of  Ky.  Area, 
_240sq.  m.  Soil  excellent.  Cap.  Lancas- 
ter. Produces  tobacco.  Manufs.  of  lea- 
ther &  distilleries.     P.  10,237. 

Gareistown,  a  vill.  of  Ireland,  co. 
Dublin.     P.  2,420. 

Gahbobillas,  a  modern  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Caceres,  near  the  Tagus.     P.  4,434. 

Gareow  Mountains,  a  mntn.  range 
of  Further  India.  This  region  rises  to 
an  elevation  of  3,000  or  4,000. 

Gabey  Island,  Arctic  ocean,  British 
N.  America,  is  off  the  mouth  of  Macken- 
zie river. —  Garry  Lake,  Brit.  N.  America, 
receives  Black's  river  from  the  W. 

Garry  (Loch),  a  small  lake  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  Perth. 

Gaetempe,  a  river  of  Central  France. 
L.  120  m. 

Gaez,  two  towns  of  Prussia,  prov.  Po- 

merania. 1,  reg.  Stettin,  on  the  Oder. 

P.  3,800. II.  on  the  isl.  Rugen,  in  the 

Baltic.     P.  1,650. 

Gascogne  (Gascony),  an  old  prov.  of 
France,  near  its  S.W.  extremity. 

Gasconade,  river.  Mo.,  an  affluent  of 

Missouri,   140  m.  long. rll-  a  central 

CO.  of  Mo.  Area,  400  sq.  m.  It  has  iron- 
ore,  sulphur,  &  saltpetre  in  caves.  Cap. 
Herman.     P.  4,996. 

Gasko,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Herzegovina,  cap.  dist.,  said  to  have  800 
houses,  &  an  active  trade. 

Gaspak,  a  small  isl.  of  Malay  arehip., 
in  Gaspar  strait,  a  passage  from  50  to  60 
va.  across,'  between  the  isls.  Bangka  & 
Billiton. —  Gaspar  Grande  \s  a  pretty  isl. 
in  the  gulf  of  Paria,  S.  America. 

Gaspaevilla  Sound,  Florida,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  the  peninsula. 

Gaspe,  a  dist.  of  Lower  Canada.  Area, 
about  7,500  sq.  ra. — Cafc  Gaspe  forms 
the  N.  boundary  of  the  biiy  of  Gaspe,  an 
inlet  of  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  about 
18  m.  in  length,  by  6  m.  across,  &  forming 
a  safe  harbor.  An  important  cod  &  whale 
fishery  is  established  off  its  shores. 

Gasperina,  ft  town  of  l^aples,  prov. 
Calab.  Ult.  I.    P.  2,600. 


Gassen,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov.  Bran- 
denburg, on  the  Lubst.    P.  990. 

Gassino,  a  market  town  of  Piedmont, 
prov.  Turin.     P.  (with  comm.)  2,597. 

Gastel  (New  &  Old),  two  contiguous 
vUls.  of  the  Netherlands,  prov.  N.  Bra- 
bant.    United  pop.  2,917. 

Gaston,  county,  N.  C.     P.  8,073. 

Gastuni,  a  vill.  of  Greece,  Morea. — 
The  gulf  of  Gastuni  is  a  bay,  opposite 
Zante. 

Gata,  a  market  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Caceres,  on  the   river  Gata.      P.  2,004. 

II.  {Cape),  on  the  Mediterranean, 

bounding  the  bay  of  Almeria  E. III. 

(Sierra  de),  a  mountain  range  of  Spain 
&  Portugal. 

Gatehouse,  a  munic.  bor.,  riv©r-port, 
&  market  town  of  Scotland,  co.  Kirkcud- 
bright. 

Gates,  a  N.E.  county  of  N.  C.  Area, 
35^sq.-m.  Cap.  Gatesville.  It  has  90  dis- 
tilleries.    P.  8,426. II.  p-t.,  Monroe 

CO.  N.  Y.    P.  2,005. 

Gateshead,  a  municipal  borough  of 
England,  co.  Durham,  on  the  S.  bank  of 
the  Tyno. 

Gatesville,  p-v.,  cap.  Gates  co.  N.  C... 
on  a  branch  of  the  Chowan. 

Gatinais,  an  old  div.  of  France. 

Gatinaea,  a  mkt.  town  of  Piedmont, 
div.  Novara.     P.  (with  comm.)  4,701. 

Gato,  a  town  of  Upper  Guinea,  on  a 
creek  of  the  Benin  river,  &  accessible  to 
»vessels  of  60  tons. 

Gatshina,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  St. 
Petersburg.     P.  7,000. 

Gatteville,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Manche,  arr.  Cherbourg.     P.  1,308. 

Gatun,  a  river  of  isthmus  of  Panama, 
Central  America,  rises  in  the  mountains 
E.  Puerto  Bello,  flows  N.  &  joins  the  Cha- 
gres  river,  8  m.  from  the  Caribbean  sea. 

Gaualgesheim,  atown,Hessen-Darm- 
stadt,  prov.  Rhenish  Hessen,  on  the  Selz. 
P.  1,862. 

Gaudens  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Garonne,  near  1.  b.  of  the 
Garonne,  in  the  Pyrenees.  P.  3,037. — 
San  Gaudenzio  is  a  market  town  of 
Tuscany. 

Gau-el-Kebir,  a  vill.  of  Egypt,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Nile. 

Gauir,  a  riv.,  Scotland,  rises  near  Loch 
Etivc,  &  enters  Loch  Rannoch,  co.  Perth. 

Gaukarna,  a  maritime  town  of  Brirish 
India,  presid.  Madras,  on  Malabar  coast. 

Gaulna,  a  hill  fort  &  town  of  British 
Indiaj  presid.  Bomba3^ 

Gaultier  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
Franco,  dep.  Indre,  cap.  cant.,  .on  the 
Creuse.     P.  1,622. 


GEl] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


Gauly,  river,  Va.,  an  aflOiuenfc  of  the 
Great  Kanawha. 

Gauly  Bridge,  p-v.,  Fayette  co.  Va., 
at  the  falls  of  the  Great  Kanawha. 

Gau-Odernheim,  a  walled  town  of 
Hessen-Darmstadt,  prov.  Rhenish  Hes- 
sen,  on  the  Selz.     P.  1,514. 

Gauriac,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Gironde.     P.  1,774. 

Gauritz,  a  river  of  S.  Africa,  Cape 
Colony,  tortuous  S.  courSe  of  50  m.  P. 
4,815. 

Gaussox,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Cutes-du-N'ord.     P.  2,328. 

Gautulco,  a  harbor  of  the  Mexican 
confed.,  dep.  Oaxaca,  on  the  Pacific. 

Gauzin,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Mala- 
ga, in  the  Ronda  mountains. 

Gavardo,  a  market  town  of  Lom- 
bardy,  on  the  Chiese.     P.  1,900. 

Gavarnie,  a  frontier  hamlet  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Pyrenees,  4,378  feet 
above  the  sea,  with  mineral  springs.  It 
is  situated  on  a  small  stream  called 
Gave-de-Pau,  which  falling  over  a  height 
of  11,600  feet,  forms  the  fall  of  Gavar- 
nie, one  of  the  finest  cascades  in  Europe. 

Gave  ("  water"),  the  generic  name  of 
every  stream  in  the   French  Pyrenees 

deps.,  the  principal  of  which  are 1.  & 

11.  (<?.  d'Aspe)  &  {d'-Ossau),  B.  Pyre- 
nees.   L.  of  G.  d'Aspe  30  m.;  of  G.  d'- 

Osson  30  m. III.  (ff.  de  Pau),  rises 

in  Spain  and  joins  the  Adour.  Length, 
IlOm. 

Gavello,  a  market  town  of  N.  Italy. 
P.  2,000. 

Gavi,  a  fortified  town  of  the  Sard.  sta. 
P.  (with  comm.)  5,702. 

Gavia,  a  mntn.  of  Brazil,  prov.  Rio  de 

Janeiro. II.   G.  la  Grande  &   G.  la 

Chica),  2  vills.  of  Spain,  prov.  Granada. 

Gaviaon,  a  market  town  of  Portugal, 
prov.  Alemtejo.     P.  1,117. 

Gavino  (San),  a  comm.  &,  vill.  of  the 
island  Sardinia.     P.  2,622. 

Gavieate.  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  on  the 
Lake  Varese.'    P.  2,100. 

Gavray,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Manohe.     P.  1,057. 

Gaveilovsa,  a  large  vill.  of  Russia, 

gov.  Vladimir. II.  a  vill.  of  Siberia, 

gov.  Tomsk. 

Gawelghur,  a  hill  fortress  of  Hindos- 
tan,  Nizam's  dom.,  cap.  a  dist. 

Gaya,  a  city  of  British  India,  presid. 
Bengal,  on  an  afiluent  pf  the  Ganges. 
P.  100,000.  It  is  very  variable,  often 
being  augmented  by  many  thousand  pil- 
grims. Buddha-Gaya,  in  the  vicinity,  is 
supposed  to  have  been  the  place  whence 
the  Buddhic  religion  emanated,  but  at 


Gaya  proper,  the  Brahminical  faith 
reigns  supreme,  &  hero  is  a  remarkable 
temple  of  Vishnu. 

Gaya,  a  town  of  Austria,  Moravia. 

Gaza,  a  city  of  Palestine,  cap.  pash. 
P.  16,000.  It  is  an  open  town,  partly 
built  of  stone,  but  mostly  of  earth,  &  un- 
baked bricks,  at  the  foot  of  a  low  round 
hill,  the  site  of  the  ancient  city.  Gaza  is 
mentioned  very  early  in  Holy  AVrit 
(Genesis  x.  19). 

Gazuolo,  or  Gazzuolo,  a  vill.  of  Lom- 
bardy.  P.  2,000. —  Gazzaniga,  a  vill.  of 
N.  Italy,  prov.  Bergamo. 

Gazzo,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  gov.  Venice 
P.  1,660. 

Gdov,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  St. 
Petersburg,  on  the  Odovka.  P.  1,000. 
II.  (or  Gdov),  a  small  town  of  Aus- 
trian Galicia. 

Geant,  one  of  the  principal  summits  of 
the  Pennine  Alps,  Savoy,  13,099  feet  in 
elevation.  The  Col  (or  pass)  du  Geant, 
is  11,146  feet  in  elevation. 

Geauga,  a  N.B.  co.  of  0.  Area,  600 
sq.  m.  Iron  ore  abounds.  Cap.  Chardon. 
Produces  wheat  &  sugar.     P.  17,827. 

Geb  ("  mountain"),  is  an  Arabian  pre- 
fix of  the  names  of  numerous  heights  in 
Asia  &  Africa. 

Gebesee,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
on  the  Gera.     P.  2,009. 

Gebhardsdorf,  a  vill.  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia.    P.  2,000. 

Geby,  an  isl.  of  the  Malay  archipela- 
go, Gilolo-passage,  on  the  equator.  L. 
26  m.;  av.  br.  3  m. 

Gedbrn,  a  vill.  of  Central  Germany, 
prov:  Upper  Hessen.     P.  2,000. 

Geelong,  a  township  of  colony  Vic- 
toria, South  Australia,  comprising  5 
contiguous  vills.,  at  the  head  of  the  W. 
arm  of  Port  Phillip.     P.  2,065. 

Geertruidenberg,  a  fortified  town  of 
the  Netherlands,  prov.  N.  Brabant.  P. 
1,625. 

Gefle,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of 
Sweden,  cap.  Isen,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Gefle  river,  in  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  P. 
8,086. 

Gefleborg,  a  maritime  laBn  or  prov. 
of  Sweden,  having  E.  the  gulf  of  Both- 
nia.    Area  7,561  sq.  m.     P.  109,794, 

Geib,  a  market  town  of  N.  Hungary, 
circ.  Liptau,  on  the  Waag.     P.  2,240. 

Geibuzeh,  a  large  maritime  vill.  of 
Asia-Minor,  Anatolia. 

Geilenkirchen,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  cap.  circ.  on  the  Wurm.  P. 
1,507. 

Geisa,  a  town  of  Central  Germany, 
Saxe-Weimar,  on  the  Ulster.     P.  1,787. 


324 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[gen 


Geisenheim,  a  market  town  of  W. 
Germany,  duchy  Nassau,  on  the  Rhine. 
P.  2,509. 

Geislingen,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
circ.  Danube.     P.  2,231. 

Geispolzheim,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  B.  Rhin,  cap.  cant.  P. 
2,166. 

Geithain,  a  town  of  Saxony.  P. 
3,089. 

Geldermalsem  &  Geldhop,  two  vills. 
of  Netherlands ;  the  former,  prov.  Geld- 
erland,  cap.  cant.  P.  1,569 ;  the  latter, 
prov.  N.  Brabant,  with  1,730  inhab. 

Geldekn,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
on  the  Niers.    P.  3,648. 

Geleen,  a  vill.  of  Netherlands,  ,prov. 
Limburg.     P.  2,065. 

Gelenau,  a  vill.  of  Saxony,  circ. 
Zwickau.     P.  4,221. 

Gellah,  two  towns  of  N.  Africa. 

I.  a  fortress,  Algeria,  prov.  Constantine, 
on  the  Tunis  frontier. II.  dom.  Tunis. 

Gelnhausen,  a  town  of  Central  Ger- 
many, Hessen-Cassel,  prov.  Hanau,  cap. 
circ,  on  the  Kinzig.     P.  4,334. 

Gelverdeh,  a  vill.  of  Asia-Minor, 
pash.  Karamania. 

Gelves,  a  mkt.  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Sevilla,  near  the  Guadalquivir.  P. 
3,654. 

Gembloux,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Namur,  cap.  cant.,  on  an  afil.  of  the 
Sambre.  P.  2,317.  The  French  gained^ 
a  victory  over  the  Austrians  here  in 
1794. 

Gemenos,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  S.  France, 
dep.  B.  du  Rhone.     P.  1,835. 

Gemert,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  N.  Brabant,  cap.  cant.     P.  1.600. 

Gemini  (San),  a  mkt.  town  of  Italy, 
Pontif  sta.     P.  1,200. 

Gemme  &  Gemmes  (Ste.),  numerous 

comms.  &  vills.  of  France. 1.  {d'An- 

digne),  dep.  Maine-et-Loire.  P.  1,180. 
— —II.  {le  Robert),  dep.  Mayenne.  P. 
2,599. III.  (sur  Loire),  dep.  Maine- 
et-Loire.     P.  1,115. 

Gemmi,  a  remarkable  mntn.  pass' 
across  the  Alps  in  Switzerland,  7,595 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Gemona,  a  market  town  of  N.  Italy, 
near  the  Tagliamento.     P.  4,800. 

Gemozac,  <a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Charente  Inf.     P.  2,590. 

Gemijnd,  several  small  towns  of  Ger- 
many.  I.Rhenish- Prussia,  Aix-la-Cha- 

pelle,  cap.  circ.  on   an  afil.  of  the  Roer. 

p.  900. II.  (or  Gmilnd),  Carintha,  on 

an  affl.  of  the  Drave.  P.  3,600.-111. 
Lower  Austria,  near  the  Bohem.  fron- 
tier. 


Gemunden,  several  towtis,  Ac,  of  Ger- 
many.  1.  Bavaria,  circ.  Lower  Fran- 

conia,  on  the  Mayn.     P.  1,543. II.  H.- 

Cassel,  prov.  Upper  Hessen.    P.  1,430. 

Genappe,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov.  S. 
Brabant,  cap.  cant.,  on  l.b.  of  the  Dyle. 
P.  1,800. 

Genargentu,  the  loftiest  mntn.  range 
of  Sardinia,  near  the  centre  of  the  isl., 
7,000  feet  above  the  sea. 

Genaro,  a  mntn.  of  Italy,  Pontif.  sta., 
4,185  feet  in  height. 

GendHingen,  a  vill.  of  the  Nether- 
lands, prov.  Gelderland,  cap.  cant.,  on  the 
Alt-Yssel.     P.  4,827.    - 

Genemuiden,  a  vill.  of  the  Nether- 
lands, prov.  Overyssel,  near  the  Zuyder- 
Zee.     P.  1,200. 

Generac.  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Gard.     P.  1,944.  - 

Genesee,  r.,  N.  Y.,   145  m.  long. 

II.  a  W.  county  of  N.  Y.  Area,  473  sq. 
m.  Iron  ore  &  salt  springs  are  found. 
Cap.  Batavia.     A  very  rich  agricultural 

CO.     P.  28,488. III.  a  N.E.  county  of 

Mich.     Area,    504  sq.  m.     Cap.    Flint. 

P.  16,159. IV.  t.,  Alleghany  CO.  N.  Y. 

P.  672. 

Geneseo,  p-t.,  cap.  of  Livingston  co. 
N.  Y.  P.  2,958.  The  v.  is  half  a  mile 
from  Genesee  r.  This  is  a  fine  farming 
t. -II.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Henry  CO.  111. 

Genest    (Le),    a    comm.  &    vill.  of 

France,  dep.  Mayenne.     P.  1,072. II. 

Genestelle  is  a  vill.,  dep.  Ardeche.  P. 
1,975. 

Genest  (St.),  sevl.  comms.  &  vills.  of 

France. 1.  dep.Vienne.  P.  1,385. 

II.  (Champanelle),    dep.    Puy-de-Dume. 

P.  2,126. IIL  {Lerpt),  dep.  Loire.    P. 

1,308. IV.  (Malifaux),  cap.  cant.     P. 

3,666. 

Geneva,  a  walled  to^  of  Switzer- 
land, cap.  cant.,  on  the  Rhone.  Elev. 
1,230  ft.  P.  28,000.  Geneva,  the  most 
populous  &  industrious  town  in  Switzer- 
land, is  the  seat  of  the  central  adminis- 
tration of  the  canton,  &  has  a  university 
academy,  founded  by  Calvin,  with  a 
faculty  of  theology,  laws,  sciences,  &  let- 
ters ;  a  college  with  16  professors  & 
teachers,  school  of  arts  &  manufs.,  a  pub- 
lic library  of  40,000  vols.,  &  a  large  col- 
lection of  curious  MSS.  The  Rhone  di- 
vides the  town  into  two  parts,  between 
them  is  "the  island,"  a  favorite  prom- 
enade, with  a  statue  of  Rousseau.  The 
manuf.  of  watdhes  employs  3,000  work- 
men, the  annual  produce  being  100,000 
watches,  nearly  all  gold.  Geneva  has  aa 
excellent  quay  along  the  river,  an  active 
transit  trade  on  the  lake.    Geneva  was, 


GEO] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


32d 


one  of  the  chief  towns  of  the  Allobroges 
in  the  time  of  C»sar. — The  Canton  of 
Geneva  is  composed  of  the  former  re- 
public of  Geneva  &  part  of  the  county  of 
Orex  in  Savoy.  Area,  91  sq.  m.  P.  61,- 
871. II.  Lake  Leman,  a  lake  of  Eu- 
rope, between  Switzerland  &  the  Sardin- 
ian sta.  It  is  crescent-shaped ;  length, 
45  m. ;  breadth  from  1  to  9J  m. ;  area,  82 
sq.  m.  ;  height  above  the  sea,  1,230  ft. ; 
&  greatest  depth  near  its  E.  extremity, 

984  feet. III.  p-v.,  Seneca  co.  N.  Y., 

on  the  W.  side  of  Seneca  lake.  Geneva 
college  incorp.  in  1825,  has  a  president, 

5  professors  &  about  70  students.  Geneva 
medical  college   is   also  flourishing. 

IV.  p-t.,  Ashtabula  co.  0.     P.  1,215. 

V.  p-t.,  Walworth  co.Wis. 
Genevese,  a  prov.  of  the  Sard,  sta., 

in  the  W .  of  Savoy. 

Genevieve  (Ste.),  two  comms.  &  vills. 

of  France. 1,  dep.  Aveyron,  cap.  cant. 

P.  1,839. II.  dep.  Oise.     P.  1,124. 

Genevee  (Mont),  one  of  the  most  re- 
markable summits  of  the  Cottian  Alps, 
prov.  Susa,  11,614  feet  in  elev.  It  is 
crossedliy  a  route  constructed  by  Napo- 
leon, at  an  elev.  of  6,560  feet. 

Gengenbach,  a  walled  town  of  Baden, 
circ.  Middle  Rhine,  on  the  Kinzig.  P. 
2,400. 

Gengoitx  (St.),  a  comm.  &  tovra  of 
France,  dep.  Saone-et-Loire.     P.  1,602. 

Genies  &  Geniez  (St.),  sevl.  comms. 

6  vills.  of  France. 1,  dep.  Dordogne. 

P.   1,457. II.  (de  Malgoires),  Gard. 

P.  1,308. III.  a  town,  dep.  Aveyron. 

on  the  Lot.     P.  3,019. 

Genil,  a  river  of  Spain,  Andalucia, 
joins  the  Guadalquivir,  after  a  'W.'S.W. 
course  of  about  120  m. 

Genille,   Genis,  &  Genissac,  three 

comms.  &  vills.  of  France. 1,  dep.  In- 

dre-et-Loire.  P.  1,954. II.  dep.  Dor- 
dogne.    P.  1,429. III.  dep.  Gironde, 

with  1,115  inhabs. 

Genis  (St.),  several  comms.  and  small 

towns  of  France. 1,  dep.  Charente  Inf., 

cap.  cant.     P.   963. II.  (Hiersac),  a 

vill.,  dep.  Charente.     P.  1,410. III. 

(Laval),  a  town,  dep.  Ehone.     P.  1,950. 

IV.  (Terr e- Noire),  a  vill.,  dep.  Loire. 

P.  1,452. — St.  Genix  is  a  vill.  of  Savoy, 
on  the  French  frontier,  on  the  Guiers. 
P.  1,786. 

Gennes,  several  comms.  &  vills.  of 
France  ;  the  principal  in  dep.  Maine-et- 
Loire,  cap.  cant.,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Loire. 
P.  1,727. 

Genoa,  a  famous  seaport  city  of  N. 
Italy,  Sard,  sta.,  cap.  div.,  at  the  head  of 
the  gulf  of  Genoa,  Mediterranean.     Lat. 


of  light- house  44°  24'  18"  N.,  Ion.  8°  54' 
24''  B.  P.  115,257.  Seamen  &  p.  of  the 
port  amounting  to  17,636.  The  port,  por- 
tected  seaward  by  two  vast  moles,  is  sur- 
rounded landward  by  the  city ;  which 
extends  up  the  slope  of  a  mntn.  amphi- 
theatre. Genoa  has  justly  acquired  the 
title  "la  Superba,"  for,  though  possess- 
ing fewer  remains  of  ancient  splendor 
than  Venice,  it  exhibits  move  wealth  and 
comfort.  It  has  a  royal  college,  a  naval 
&  various  other  schools,  &  important 
manufs.  of  velvet,  silks,  damask  thrown 
silk,  paper,  soap,  <&c.,  with  marble,  ala- 
baster, &  coral  vrorks.  It  is  a  free  port, 
&  the  great  entrepot  of  a  large  extent  of 

country. II.  (Gulf of),  a  wide  bay  of 

the  Mediterranean,  N.  of  Corsica,  &  S.  of 
the  Sard,  sta.,  forming  an  angle,  near  the 
summit  of  which  Genoa  is  situated. 

III.  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.    P.  2,503. 

IV.  p-t.,  Delaware  eo.  0.     P.  1,193. 
Genoix'  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Bel- 
gium, prov.  W.  Flanders.     P.  3,648. 

Genolhac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gard.     P,  1,491. 

•Gensac,  a  comm.  and  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gironde.    P.  1,305. 

Genthin,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxon3^ 
P.  2,340. 

Gentilly,  a  comm.  and  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine,  on  the  Bievre,  S.  of  Paris. 
P.  7,759.  The  comm.  comprises  the  vill. 
of  Bicetre,  celebrated  for  its  vast  castle, 
serving  as  an  hospital  for  5,000  super- 
annuated &  imbecile  old  men,  &  a  prison 
for  2,000  culprits,  niostly  destined  for  the 
hulks. 

Gentry,  a  N.W.  co.  Mo.  Area,  500 
sq.  m.     P.  4,248. 

Genzano,  two   towns   of  Italy. 1. 

Pontif.   sta.,    on    the   Appian   Way.     P. 

4.622. II.   Naples,   prov.    Basilicata. 

P.  3,150. 

Geoire  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Isere,  cap.  cant.     P.  4,583. 

Georg-am-Lee  (St.),  a  town  of  Bava- 
ria, circ.  Upper  Franconia.     P.  1,800. 

George,  a  marit.  dist.  of  the  Cape 
Colony,  S.  Africa,  having  S.  the  ocean. 

Area,    4,032    sq.   m.      P.   9,193. II. 

(Fort),  a  fortress  of  Scotl.,  co.  Inver- 
ness, on  a  peninsula  of  the^  Moray  firth, 

built  in  1747,  at  a  cost  of  160,000/. 

III.  (Lake),  New  York,- 10  m.  S.  Lake 
Cha.mplain,  into  which  it  discharges  its 
surplus  waters,  is  34  m.  in  length  S.  to 
N.,  by  about  3  m.  in  breadth.  On  its  • 
banks  are  the  remains  of  several  forts. 

IV.   Florida,  on  the   course   of  the 

river  St.  John. V.  a  lake,  New  South 

Wales,  CO.  Argyle.   L.  18  m. ;  av.  br.  5  m. 


326 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[geo 


Gteokge's,  t.,  Fayette  co.  Pa.  P.  2,371. 

George  (St.),  one  of  the  principal  of 
tlie  Bermuda  isls.  The  town  of  same 
name,  on  its  S.  coast,  has  a  large  harb. 
II.  an  isl.,  Florida,  in  the  G.  of  Mexi- 
co, opposite  the  mouth  of  the  riv.  Appa- 
lachicola.  L.  22  m. ;  br.  5  m.  St. 
George's   strait,  separating   it  from  the 

mainland,  is  from  6  to  10  m.  across. 

III.  an  i.~l.,  British  Honduras,  in  the  b.ay 
of  Honduras,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the 

riv.  Belize. IV.  one  of  the  Pribylov 

isls.,  Behring  sea. 

George,    or  St.    George,   numerous 

comms.  &  vills.  of  France. 1,  {de  Im- 

seiigon),  dep.  Aveyron.     P.  1,693. II. 

{Butavent),    dep.    Mayenne.      P.    2,174. 

III.  (d'Aulnay),  dep.  Calvados.     P. 

1,625. IV.  {de  Mons),  dep.  Puy-de- 

Dome.     P.  1,409. V.  {de  Montaigu), 

dep. Vendee.  P.  2,129. VI.  {de  Noine), 

dep.  Deux-Sevres.   P.  1,526. VII.  {de 

ReintembauU),  a  mkt.  town,  dep.  Ille-et- 
Vilaine.  P.  3,315. VIII.  {de  Rene- 
ins),  a  vill.,  dep.  Rhone.     P.  2,555. 

IX.  {de  Rouelley),  dep.  Manche.  P. 
1,667.— — X.    {d' Esperance),    a    market 

town,  dep.  Isere.  P.  2,248. XI.  {d'  Ole- 

ron),  a  vill.,  dep.  Charente  Inf.   P.  4,251. 

XII.  {en  C'ouzan),  dep.  Loire,  cap. 

cant.    P.  1,047. XIII.    {le    Gaultier), 

dep.  Sarthe.  P.  1,439. XIV.  {lesBail- 

largeaux),   dep.  Vienne,  cap.    cant.     P. 

1.028. XV.  {le  Pouge),  dep.Creuse.  P. 

l',400. XVI.  {sur  Cher),  dep.  Loir-et- 

Cher.     P.  1,976. XVII.   {sur  Erve), 

dep.     Mayenne.      P.    1,301. XVIII. 

{sur  Loire),  a  mkt.  town,  dep.  Maine-et- 

Loire,  cap.  cant.     P.  2,532. XIX.  St. 

Georges  bank  is  in  the  Atlantic,  off  the 

E.  coast  of  the  U.  States. XX.  Cape 

St.  George  is  the  name  of  headlands  in 
Thessaly,  Rhodes,  Kerguelen's  Land,  & 
Kew  Ireland. 

George  (Gulf  of  St.),  an  inlet  of  the 
Atlantic  ocean,  E.  Patagonia,  between 
lat.  45°  &  47°  S.,  &  Ion.  65°  &  67°  W. 

Georgen  (St.),  a  town  of  Austrian 
Croatia.     P.  1,500. 

Georgenthal,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  at 
the  foot  of  the  Kreuzberg.     P.  1,703. 

George's  Channel  (St.),  is  that  part 
of  the  Atlantic  which  separates  the  S.W. 
of  Engl,  from  Ireland,  extending  from 
the  isl.  of  Holyhead  to  St.  David's,  & 
from  Dublin  to  Wexford.  Br.  varies 
from  40  to  70  miles. 

Georgetown,  an  E.  district  of  S.  C. 
Area,  1,040  sq.  m.  Watered  by  Great 
Pedee  &  Waccuman  rs.  Cap.  George- 
town. Staple,  rice.  P.  20,647.-11. 
city  and  port  of  entry,  Washington  co. 


dist.  of  Columbia,  on  the  Potomac,  200 
m.  from  its  mouth,  &  2  m.  W.  of  Wash- 
ington city,  from  which  it  is  separated  by 
Rock  cr.,  over  which  are  two  bridges. 
It  has  a  Roman  Catholic  college,  founded 
in  1789,  &  with  a  president,  16  profes- 
sors, 135  students,  &  a  library  of  22,000 
vols.  There  is  also  a  nunnery  with 
about  70  nuns.  Georgetown  has  con- 
siderable   trade.       Tonnage.  2,290,346. 

P.    8,366.; III.  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.  Me. 

It  has  good  harbors.     P.  1,356.- IV. 

p-v.,  Essex  CO.  Mass.     P.    1,411. V. 

p-t.,    Madison   co.  N.  Y.      P.  1,130. 

VI.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Sussex  co.  Del. VII. 

port  of  entry  &  cap.  of  Georgetown  disc. 
S.  C,  on  the  W.  side  of  Wingaw  bay.  The 
harbor  admits  vessels  of   11  ft.  draught. 

Tonnage,    327,719.     P.  2,904. VIII. 

p-v.,  cap.  of  Scott  CO.  Ky.  Gsorgetown 
college,  under  the  direction  of  the  Bap- 
tists, is  located  here. — ^-IX.  p-v.,  cap.  of 

Brown  co.  0.- X.   p-v.,   cap.  of  Pettis 

CO.  Mo. 

Georgetown,  the  cap.  town  of  British 
Guiana,  on  the  Demerara,  near  its 
mouth,  &  here  almost  1  mile  across.  Lat. 
6°  49'  20"  N.,  Ion.  58°  11'  30"  W.  P. 
25,508,  of  whom  19,000  are  colored.  The 
harbor,  on  account  of  a  bar,  is  accessible 
only  for  vessels  drawing  under  9  feet 
water.— —II.  a  town  of  Cape  Colony,  S. 

Africa,  cap.  dist. III.  a  marit.  towa 

of  Tasmania  (Van  Diemen's  Land). 

IV.  a  vill.,  cap.  isl.  of  Ascension. V. 

a  marit.  vill..  Prince  Edward's  isl.  N. 
Amer.  on  its  E.  coast. 

Georgia,  one  of  the  U.  S.,  in  the  S. 
part  of  the  Union,  between  lat.  30°  30'  & 
35°  N.,  &  Ion.  81°  &  85°  50'  W.,  having 
E.  South  Carolina  &  the  Atlantic  ocean, 
S.  Florida,  W.  Alabama,  &  N.  Tennessee 
&  North  Carolina.  Length  300  m.  by 
240  m.  Area  58,000  sq.  m.  P.  in  1840, 
691,392,  of  which  280,944  were  slaves; 
in  1350,  905,999,  of  which  381,681  were 
slaves.  The  coast  is  bordered  by  a  chain 
of  islands,  on  which  the  famous  sea-island 
cotton  is  raised.  Surface  of  the  mainland 
low  &  level  for  50  or  60  m.  inland,  beyond 
which  is  a  pine-barren  region,  rising  in 
the  W.  &  N.  into  the  Appalachian  moun- 
tain chain,  which  is  here  in  some  places 
1,500  feet  above  the  sea.  Principal  rivs., 
the.  Alatamaha,  the  Savannah,  forming 
all  the  N.B.,  &  the  Chattahoochee  most 
part  of  its  W.  boundary.  A  largo  pro- 
portion of  the  soil  is  very  fertile,  but  ia 
the  low  country  are  extensive  swamps. 
Winters  mild,  snow  rarely  seen ;  low 
country  unhealthy  in  autumn,  but  high 
grounds  salubrious.    Hurricanes  are  fre- 


A 


GErf] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


327 


queut.  In  1850,  about  25  millions  of 
bushels  of  maize  &  75,000  tons  of  cotton 
were  estimated  ti)  have  been  raised  in 
this  state.  Wheat,  oats,  rice,  indigo, 
sugar,  coffee,  &  silk,  are  other  principal 
crops.  Grapes,  oranges,  melons,  pome- 
granates, &  many  tropical  fruits  are 
raised  ;  copper,  iron,  &  in  the  N.  con- 
siderable quantities  of  gold  are  obtained  ; 
the  supply  of  the  latter  is,  however,  de- 
clining. Manufactures  are  of  increasing 
importance.  Value  of  the  exports  of 
Georgia  (1850),  $7,551,943 ;  of  imports, 
§636,964.  But  the  import  trade  is  mostly 
carried  on  through  Charleston.  Tonnage, 
2,418,523.  There  are  13  railroads,  with 
804  m.  in  operation,  &  181  m.  in  course 
of  construction.  Aggr.  cost,  $15,100,080. 
The  state  is  divided  into  94  cos.  Present 
constitution  formed  in  1798,  &  amended 
in  1839,  consists  of  a  governor  elected  for 
two  years,  a  senate  of  47  members,  house 
of  representativ^es  130  members.  Public 
rev.,  S300.000;  expenditures.  $290,000. 
(This  includes  the  payment  of  $107,000, 
interest  on  the  public  debt.)  Public  debt, 
$1,828,472.  Georgia  sends  8  represen- 
tatives to  Congress.  Principal  towns, 
Milledgeville,  the  cap.,  Augusta  &  Sa- 
vannah. Settled  in  1733  by  Gen.  Ogle- 
thorpe &  40  others,    at  Savannah. 

II.  t.,  Franklin  co.  Vt.,  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  40  m.  N.W.  Montpelier.    P.  2,006. 

III.  a  gov.  of  Russia,  in  the  Caucasus 

country,  W.  Asia,  composing  the  central 
portion  of  the  Transcaucasia.  Area, 
21,500  sq.m.  P.  400,000.  The  Georgians 
are  a  peculiarly  handsome  race  of  people, 
&  the  females  were  formerly  sold  in  large 
numbers  to  supply  the  harems  of  the 
Turks  &  Persians,  but  the  Eussians  have 

put  an  end  to  this  traffic. IV.  an  fsl., 

Pacific,  Solomon  archipelago,  E.  of  New 
Guinea.— — V.    (South),    an   island,   S. 

Atlantic. •  VI.    {G-ulf  of),    an   inlet, 

N.W.  America,  separating  Vancouver 
island  from  the  mainland.  Av.  br.  20  m. 
It  communicates  with  the  Pacific,  "N.  by 
Queen  Charlotte  sound,  &  S.W.  by  the 
strait  of  Juan  de  Fuca. — New  Georgia  is 
a  name  applied  to  the  coast  line  of  N". 
Amer.,  on  the  Pacific,  comprising  Van- 
couver island  &  the  adjacent  mainland, 
with  the  Oregon  territory,  as  far  S.  as 
the  river  Colombia. — New  South  Georgia 
is  a  part  of  the  territory,  Antarctic  ocean, 
now  cnlled  New  South  Shetland. 

Georgiana,  a  co..  E.  Australia,  New 
South  Wales. 

Geoegievsk,  a  fortified  town  of  the 
Russian  dom.,  gov.  Caucasus,  near  an 
affluent  of  the  Kuma.     P.  3,000. 


Georgievskoe,  a  vill.  of  Russia,  gov. 
&  120  m.  N.W.  Viatka,  on  the  Kama. 

Geoegswalde,  a  market  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, with  a  mineral  spring.     P.  4,499. 

Gek,  sevl.  comms.  &  vills.,  France,  the 
princip.  in  dep.  Manche.     P.  2,820. 

Gera,  a  river  of  Central  Germany, 
flows  N.-ward  &  joins  the  Unstrut. 

Geea,  a  town  of  Central  Germany, 
prineip.  Reiiss,  on  the  White-Elster.  P. 
11,255. 

Geeaci,  a  town  of  SicUy,  intend.  Pa- 
lermo, in  the  Val  Dimona.     P.  3,360. 

Geeand-le-Pity  (St.),  a  comm.  & 
market  town  of  France,  dep.  Allier.  P. 
1,300. 

Geraed-de-Nys,  an  isl..  Pacific  ocean. 

Gerardmer,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Vosges.  cap.  cant.    P.  1,597. 

Gerasa,  a  ruined  city  of  Syria. 

Gerbeviller,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  Franco,  dep.  Meurthe,  cap.  cant.  P. 
2,236. 

Gerbiee-des-Joncs,  one  of  the  Ce- 
vennes  mountains,  France,  dep.  Ard^che.- 
Height  5,125  feet. 

Geebstadt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony.    P.  1,950. 

Gerdauen,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  on 
Lake  Bartin.     P.- 2,400. 

Geegal,  a  market  town  of  Spain,  cap. 
dist.,  prov.  Almeria.     P.  5,028. 

Geegen,  a  small  town  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, pash.  Marash,  on  the  Euphrates. 

Geeideh,  Asia- Minor,  pash.  Anatolia. 

Geeingswalde,  a  town  of  Saxony. 
P.  2,318. 

Geelachsheim,  two  vills.  of  Germany. 

1,  grand  duchy  Baden,  circ.  Lower 

Rhine,  1,100  inhabs. II.  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, reg.  Liegnitz,  8  m.  SS.W.  Lauban. 
—  Gerlingen  is  a  vill.,  Wurtemberg. 

Geema,  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  Fez- 
zan. 

Germain    (St.),    numerous    comms., 

towns,    &   vills.   of    France. 1,   dep 

Loiret.     P.  1,095. II.  dep.  Lot.      P 

1,213. III.  Maine-et-Loire.    P.  1,499 

• IV.  {de   Calberte),  dep.  Loz^re.     P 

1,793. V.    {de  Joux),   dep.   Ain.      P 

1,193. VI.  {de  la  Coudre),  dep.  Orne 

P.   2,152. VII.    {des    Champs),    dep, 

Yonne.     P.  1,196. VIII.  {des  Fres), 

dep.  Dordogne.      P.   1,040. IX.    {du 

Bois),    dep.   Saune-et-Loire.      P.   2,148. 

X.  {du  Plain),  dep.  Saone-et-Loire. 

p.  1.323. XI.   {en-Cogles),   dep.  IHe- 

et-Vilaino.  P.  2,581. XII.  {en  Mon- 
tague), dep.  Jura.     P.   3,772. XIII. 

{la  Prade),   dep.  H.  Loire.      P.   2,184. 

XIV.  {Laval),  dep.  Loire,  with  ma- 

1  nufs.    of   porcelain.      P.    1,769. XV. 


328 


CYCLOPAEDIA     OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[ger 


(PEmbron),     dep.     Puy-de-Dume.       P. 

2,113. XVI.    (les     Belles),    dep.    H. 

Vienne.     P.   2,251. XVII.   {fHerm), 

town,    dep.    Puy-de-DOme.       P.     1,009. 

Manufs.  lace. XVIII.  (sur  Ay),  dep. 

Manche,  on  the  bay  of  same  name,  a^ 
the  mouth  of  the  Ay.     P.  1,091. 

Gehmain-en-Laye  (St.),  a  comm.  & 
town  of  France,  dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  cap. 
cant.  P.  11,321.  Its  magaificent  cha- 
teau, founded  by  Charles  V.,  &  embel- 
lished by  Francis  I.,  Charles  IX.,  Henri 
IV.,  Louis  XII.,  &  Louis  XIV.,  is  now 
used  as  -a  barrack  &  military  prison. 
James  II.  of  England  died  there,  Sep- 
tember 16,  1701. 

Gebman,  p-t..  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.     P. 

903. II.  p-t.,'  Darke  co.  0.     P.  1,178. 

III.  t.,  Allen  CO.  0.     P.  856. IV. 

t..,  Clarke  co.  0.  P.  1,666. V.t.,  Har- 
rison CO.  0.     P.  1,369. VI.  t.,  Holmes 

CO.  0.  P.  1,295. VII.  t.,  Cape  Gi- 
rardeau CO.  Mo.     P.   771. VIII.   t., 

Madison  co.  Mo.     P.  417. 

German  Flats,  t.,  Herkimer  co.  N.Y., 
on  the  Mohawk  river  &  the  Brie  canal. 
P.  3,578. 

German  (San),  a  t.  on  S.W.  of  the  isl. 
Porto  Rico,  Spanish  W.  Indies.  P.  9,125. 

Germano  (San),  two  towns  of  Italy. 

1.    Piedmont,  cap.    mand.     P.    with 

comm.  3,514. II.  Naples,  prov.  T.  di 

Lavoro,  cap.  cant.     P.  5,000. 

German  (St.),  a  town  of  Engl.,  co. 
Cornwall. 

Germantown,  p-t.,  Columbia  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  1,023. II.  t.,   Fayette   co.  Pa. 

III.  p-t.,  Philada.  co.  Pa.,  6  m.  N.W. 
Philada.  It  was  founded  by  quaker 
Germans.  This  was  the  scene"  of  a  hard- 
fought  battle  in  Oct.  1777,  in  which  the 
Americans  lost  in  killed  &  wounded  700, 
&  the  British  500.  Various  manufs.  P. 
5,482. IV.  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.  0. 

Germany,  a  country  of  Central  Eu- 
rope, between  lat.  44°  48'  &  54°  50'  N.,& 
Ion.  6°  &  20°  B. ;  within  these  limits  it 
comprises  all  the  countries  belonging  to 
the  late  Germanic  confederation,  consist- 
ing of  38  sovereignties  (including  four 
free  cities) ;  bounded  N.  b^"-  the  German 
ocean,  Den"tnark,  &  the  Baltic ;  E.  by 
Prussian  Posen,  Poland,  Galicia,  Hun- 
gary, &  Croatia;  S.  by  Istria,  the  Adri- 
atic, Italy  &  Switzerland  ;  W.  by  France, 
Belgium, ,  &  the  Netherlands.  Area, 
244,634  sq.  m.,  of  which  600  m.  is  washed 
by  the  German  ocean  &  the  Baltic,  &  25 
m.  by  the  Adriatic.  Germany  is  divided 
naturally  into  three  regions, — the  upper 
or  S.  region,  the  middle  or  the  region  of 
plateaux,  &  the  lower  or  N.  region.    The 


chain  of  the  Alps,  which  covers  the  whole 
of  the  S.  pari,  comprises  five  principal 
groups.  The  chain  of  the  Carpathians 
eommenoe  at  the  moutli  of  the  March  in 
the  Danube,  &  extend  to  the  source  of  the 
Vistula.  Country  comprised  between 
the  mountains  on  the  S.,  &  the  German 
Oijean  &  the  Baltic  on  the  N.,  forms  part 
of  the  great  plain  of  N.  Europe,  &  is  trav- 
ersed by  great  rivers,  which  extend  W. 
to  the  Netherlands,  &  B.  to  Poland  & 
Russia.  The  N.  coasts  are  low,  &  re- 
quire the  protection  of  dykes,  where  not 
defended  by  sand  hills.  The  waters  of 
Germany  flow  N.  to  the  German  ocean 
&  the  Baltic,  S.  to  the  Adriatic,  &  E.  to 
the  Black  sea.  Its  principal  rivers,  ia 
the  basin  of  the  German  ocean,  are  the 
Rhine,  with  its  affluents ;  the  Ems, Weser, 
Werra,  Fulda,  Elbe  ;  in  the  basin  of  the 
Baltic,  the  Oder,  with  its  afiiuents  in  the 
basin  of  the  Black  sea,  the  Danube,  with 
its  affluents.  The  chief  canals  are,  the 
Plauen,  connecting  the  Elbe  &  Oder  by 
means  of  the  Havel  riv.  ;  the  Finow  ca- 
nal, betw.  the  Havel  &  Oder,  the  Fred. 
William  canal,  betw.  the  Oder  &  Spree  ; 
the  Eider  canal,  connecting  the  Baltic  & 
the  North  sea;  the  Vienna  canal,  to  con- 
nect the  Danube  with  the  Adriatic;  & 
Ludwigs  canal,  between  the  Rhine  & 
Danube.  The  lakes  of  Germany  belong 
to  the  Alpine  regions,  in  the  basins  of 
the  Rhine  &  Danube  on  the  S.,  &  the 
plain  of  the  Baltic  on  the  N.  There  are 
few  in  the  centre.  Germany  is  parti-  - 
tioned  into  numerous  small  states,  which, 
from  1813  to  1848,  formed  the  Germanic 
confederation.  P.  41,196,509.  The  cli- 
mate of  Germany  is  in  general  temper- 
ate &  healthy.  The  mineral  riches  of 
Germany  are  extensive  &  varied.  Gold 
(ih  small  quantity)  &  silver  occur  in 
Saxony,  Bohemia,  &  in  the  Harz.  Iron 
is  widely  distributed  &  very  abundant. 
Copper  to  the  extent  of  about  100,000 
cwt.  annually.  Germany  is  celebrated 
for  the  number  &  variety  of  its  mineral 
springs.  The  vegetable  products  of  Ger- 
many comprise  all  kinds  of  cereals. 
Fruit  trees  comprise  the  apple,  pear, 
chestnut,  almond,  walnut,  &  apricot. 
The  vine  is  cultivated.  Germany  is 
abundantly  provided  with  all  the  useful 
domestic  animals.  Among  wild  animals 
are  the  bear,  the  chamois,  &  the  marmot 
in  the  Alps;  the  wolf  in  the  valley  of 
the  Rhine ;  the  hamster  in  the  Harz ; 
the  lynx,  fox,  martin,  &  weasel  gener- 
ally. The  eagle  &  vulture  are  chiefly 
found  in  the  Alps.  The  rich  &  powerful 
German  language  is  everywhere  predom- 


gey] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


329 


inant;  it  is  divided  into  higli  &  low 
German,  the  first  of  which  is  the  chief 
written  language.  Protestants  (Luther- 
an &  Reformed)  prevail  in  the  N.,  & 
Roman  Catholics  in  the  S.  General  edu- 
cation in  Germany  is  of  a  higher  order 
than  in  any  other  country  of  Europe. 
There  are  19  universities  "exclusive  of 
Austria,  with  11,000  pupils.  The  ad- 
vantages derived  from  tbese  noble  insti- 
tutions are  apparent  in  the  great  ac- 
tivity exhibited  in  every  branch  of  litera- 
ture &  science,  &  in  the  importance  of 
the  German  book  trade.  Architecture, 
printing,  &  the  preparation  of  astronomi- 
cal &  optical  instruments  have  attained 
great  excellence.  The  chief  branches  of 
industry  are  agriculture,  cattle  rearing, 
&  mining.  Germany  is  not  generally  a 
manufacturing  country,  in  so  far  as 
steam-power  ii  concerned.  The  trade  of 
Germany  has  recently  received  a  fresh 
impulse  from  the  institution  of  the  Ger- 
man commercial  customs'  union  (Zollve- 
rein),  by  which  the  sev.  states  agree  to  a 
uniform  rate  of  charges  in  transport 
duties  &  postages,  &  a  fixed  rate  of  ex- 
change. Commerce  is  greatly  facilitated 
by  the  numerous  navigable  rivers,  all  of 
which  are  traversed  by  steam-packets,  & 
by  an  excellent  system  of  railways,  which 
in  IS49,  extended  to  3,000  miles. 

Germany,  town,  A-dams  co.  Pa.  P. 
,15,531, 

Germeesheim,  a  fortified  town  vi 
Rhenish  Bavaria,  on  the  Rhine,  at  the 
influx  of  the  Queich.     P.  2,200. 

Geemi,  a  vill.  of  Persia,  prov.  Azer- 
bijan,  cap.  dist.  Ujarud,  on  the  Russian 
•  frontier. 

Gehnrode,  a  town  of  N.  Germany, 
duchy  Anhalt  Bernburg,  at  the  N.  foot 
oftheHarz.     P.  2,193. 

Geensbach,  a  town  of  W.  Germany, 
-circ.  Middle  Rhine,  cap.  dist.,  on  the 
Murg.     P.  2,265. 

Geensheim,  a  town  of  Germany,  grand 
duchy  Hessen-Darmstadt,  on  the  Rhine. 
P.  2,843. 

Geholstein,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia.    P.  720. 

Geeolzhofen,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ. 
Lower  Franc,  on  an  affl.  of  the  Mayn. 
P.  2,160. 

Geeona,  a  city  of  Spain,  cap.  prov.  Of 
same  name,  on  the  Ter..  P.  7,661.  Ve- 
rona has  manufs.  of  coarse  woollen  &  cot- 
ton goods,  hosiery,  soap  &  paper,  but  lit- 
tle trade.  It  was  erected  into  a  bishopric 
by  Charlemagne. 

Geronimo  (San),  a  small  town  of  S. 
America,  New  Granad.a,  prov.  Antioquia. 


Gerhesheim,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia.    P.  1,090. 

Gerron,  a  conspicuous  headland  of 
Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  Antrim. 

Gerry,  p-t.,  Chautauque  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
1,332. 

Gers,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the 
Pyrenees,  flows  N.-ward,  &  joins  the 
Garonne,  after  a  course  of  75  m.     It  la 

innavigable. II.  dep.  in  S.W.  France. 

Area,  2,41  sq.  m.    P.  307,479. 

Gersau,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Schwytz,  on  the  lake  of  Lucerne.  P. 
1,361. 

Gebsfeld,  a  market  town  of  Bavaria, 
circ.  Lower  Franconia,  on  the  Rhdn.  P. 
1,700. 

Gerstetten,  a  vill.  of  "Wiirtemberg, 
circ.  Jaxt.     P.  1,524. 

Gervais   (St.),    numerous  comms.  & 

vills.  of  France. 1,  dep.  Herault,  cap. 

cant.      P.    1,576. II,    dep.   Puy-de- 

Dome,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,284. III.  dep. 

Vendee.     P.  1,249. IV.  dep.  Vienne. 

P.   1,254. V.  a  town,  dep.  Puy-de- 

Dome.     P.  2,394. 

Gervais  (St.),  a  mkt.  town  of  Savoy, 
prov.  Faucigny,  on  the  Arve.     P.  2,477. 

Gerzat,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Puy-de-Dome.     P.  2,718. 

Geserich-see,  a  lake  of  Prussia.  L. 
15  m. ;  b.  3  m. 

Geseke,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westpha- 
lia.    P.  3,210. 

Gespunsaet,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Ardennes.     P.  1,918. 

Gesso-Palena,  a  vill.  of  Naples,  prov. 
Abruzzo-Citra.     P.  3,070. 

Geste,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Maine-et-Loir.    P.  1,993. 

Gestel,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherl'ds,  prov. 
N.  Brabant.     P.  2,000. 

Gesualdo,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Princip.  Ult.     P.  3,200. 

Getafe,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Mad-. 
rid.     2,800  inhabs. 

Gettysburg,  p-b.,  cap.  of  Adams  co. 
Pa.  The  theo.  seminary  of  the  Luthe- 
ran church  is  located  here.  Manufs.  of 
carriages.     P.  1,908. 

Gevaudan,  an  old  diy.  of  France,  in 
the  prov.  Languedoc. 
.  Gewitsch,    a  town  of  Moravia.    '  P. 
2,420. 

Geveze  &  Gevrey,   two    comms.    & 

vills.  of  France. I.  dep.   Ille-et-Vi- 

laine.     P.  1,894. II.  dep.  Cute  d' Or. 

P.  1,465. 

Gex,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Ain,  cap.  arrond.     P.  1,395. 

Geyer,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circ.  Zwio- 
kau.     P  3,561. 


330 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[gho 


Geyehsberg,  a  town  of  Bohemia.  P 
1,400. 

Ghaha,  the  name  given  to  the  Sutleje 
river,  Punjab.     L.  260  m. 

Ghakmy,  a  vill.  of  the  Egyptian  dom., 
in  the  Libyan  desert. 

Ghassa,  a  town  of  N.  Hindostan,  Eoo- 
tan,  cap.  dist. 

Ghat,  an  oasis  of  Africa,  in  the  Sahara, 
S.  of  Tripoli. 

Ghauts  (The),  two  mntn.  chains  which 
border  the  coasts  of  the  peninsula  of  Hin- 
dostan, —  The  Eastern  Ghauts  stretch 
N.E.  for  about  500  m.  Greatest  height, 
3,000  ft.— The  Western  Ghauts  extend 
through  13°  of  lat.,  from  C.  Comorin  to 
the  banks  of  the  Taptee.  Average  dis- 
tance from  the  sea,  30  to  40  m.  ;  average 
elevation  between  3,000  &  5,000  feet. 
(Chira-Gab)  Neilgherries,  9,941  ft. 

Ghayn,  a  town  of  E.  Persia,  prov. 
Tezd. 

Ghazipooh,  a  dist.  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal.  Area,  2,300  sq.  m.  P. 
1,028,100.  It  is  one  of  thq  most  fertile 
parts  of  Hindostan.  Chief  products,  su- 
gar, corn,  fruit,  &  attar  of  roses. — Ghazi- 
poor,  the  cap.  of  the  district,  is  situated 
on  the  Ganges. 

Ghebse,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor,  Ana- 
tolia, on  the  gulf  of  Ismid  (Nicomedia). 

Ghedi,  a  vill.  of  Lombardy.  3,500 
inhabs. 

Gheee,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov.  Ant- 
werp.    P.  7,038. 

Gheivah,  a  vill.  of  Asia-Minor,  Ana- 
tolia, near  the  Sakaria  riv.  It  is  said  to 
have  400  houses,  a  large  bazaar,  &  manu- 
factories of  wooden  wares. 

Gheluwe,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov.  W. 
Flanders.    P.  3,718. 

Ghemme,  a  market  town  of  Piedmont, 
prov.  Novara.  P.  including  comm., 
2,935. 

Ghent,  a  famous  fortified  city  of  Bel- 
gium, cap.  prov.  E.  Flanders,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Scheldt  &  Lys.  It  is  en- 
tered by  7  gates ;  &  is  intersected  by  nu- 
merous canals,  dividing  it  into  26  isls. 
which  are  connected  by  70  bridges  & 
mostly  bordered  with  fine  quays.  Streets 
generally  wide ;  it  has  13  squares,  & 
many  noble  public  &  private  edifices.  It 
has  a  university  with  a  library  of  60,000 
vols.  Manufs.  various  &  extensive.  A 
treaty  of  peace  between  England,  &  the 
United  States  was  concluded  here  in  1814. 

P.  112,810. II.  p-t,  Columbia  county. 

N.Y.    P.  2,293. 

Gheeiah,  a  marit.  fortress  of  British 
India,  presid.  Bombay. 

Ghebong,  a  town  of  Further  India, 


once  the  cap.  of  Assam,  on  an  affl.  of  the 
Brahmaputra. 

Gherzeh,  a  marit.  town  of  Asia- Minor, 
Anatolia,  on  the  Black  sea. 

Ghesan,  a  seaport  town  of  Arabia, 
Yemen,  on  the  Red  sea. 

Ghieuzel-Hissae,  a  town  of  Asia- 
Minor,  Anatolia.  P.  30,000.  It  is  4  m. 
in  circumference,  the  residence  of  a 
pasha,  &  the  seat  of  a  considerable  trade. 

Ghilan,  a  prov.  of  Persia,  having 
N.E.  the  Caspian  sea.  Area,  6,000  sq. 
m.  The  Elburz  mntns.  bound  it  on  the 
S.  Rice  is  the  principal  grain  cultivated. 
Forests  &  mulberry  plantations  are  ex- 
tensive, &  the  culture  of  silk  is  highly 
important. 

Ghilaeza,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Sardinia, 
div.  Cagliari.     P.  2,045. 

Ghio,  a  small  but  flourishing  seaport 
town  of  Asia- Minor,  Anatolia,  on  the  bay 
of  Moudania.  It  has  about  600  Greek 
&  25  Turkish  houses. 

Ghie,  a  headland,  empire  &  prov.  Mo- 
rocco, on  the  Atlantic.  On  its  W.  side  it 
is  1,235  feet  in  height. 

Ghislain  (St.),  a  comm.  &  fortified 
town  of  Belgium,  prov.  Hainault,  on  the 
Haine. 

Ghisoni,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Corsica, 
cap,  cant.,  in  the  E.  part  of  the  island. 
P.  1,815. 

Ghistelles,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Bel- 
gium, prov.  W.  Flanders.     P.  2,500. 

Ghiustendil,  a  town  of  European 
Turkey,  Rumili,  cap.  sanj.,  near  the  Ea- 
ra-su.    P.  8,000.  (?) 

Ghizeh,  a  town  of  Middle  Egypt,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Nile,  3  m.  S.W.  Cairo, 
&  famous  as  the  place  where  the  great . 
pyramids  commence,  the  largest  of  these 
being  that  attributed  to  Cheops,  7634  ft. 
square  at  its  foundation,  covering  13 
acres,  &  rising  to  460  feet  in  height,  or 
100  feet  above  the  summit  of  St.  Paul's. 

Ghoa,  a  seaport  town  of  Aracan,  on 
the  bay  of  Bengal. 

Gholam-shah-ka-kote,  a  small  but 
thriving  town  of  Scinde,  British  India,  on 
the  Indus. 

Ghoraghaut,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

Ghorbund,  a  vill.  of  N.  Affghanistan, 
in  a  fertile  valley,  S.  of  the  Hindoo  Koosh. 

Ghore,  a  town  &  indep.  dist.  of  W. 
AfTghanistan. 

Ghous,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt,  on  the 
Nile. 

Ghousghur,  a  large  fortified  town  of 
British  India,  presid.  Bengal.  ^ 

Ghoy,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium, 
prov.  Hainault,  cap.  cant.    P.  2,147. 


J 


gie] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


331 


Ghumurdjina,  a  town  of  European 
Turke.y,  Rumili,  near  the  ^gean  sea. 
P.  8,000.(7) 

Ghunpoor,  a  fortified  town  of  India, 
Nizam's  territory,  cap.  a  large  dist. 

Gh0rry,  a  consid.  vill.  of  Scinde,  near 
an  offset  of  the  Indus. 

Ghurun,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
pash'  Ma  rash. 

Ghuzel-hissar,  a  town  of  Asia- Minor, 
Anatolia,  60  m.  S.E.  Smyrna,  near  the 
Mendere.     P.  30,000.  (?) 

Ghuznee,  a  famous  fortified  city  of 
Aflfghanistan,  on  the  W.  extremity  of  a 
hill  range,  elev.  7,726  feel.  P.  3,000  to 
10,000.  It  stands  on  a  scarped  rock,  280 
feet  ahove  the  adjacent  plain  on  its  W. 
side.  It  has  several  bazaars,  &  is  an  en- 
trepot for  the  trade  between  Affghanistan 
&  the  Punjab. —  Ghuznee  River,  rises 
about  12  m.  N.  Ghuznee,  &  enters  Lake 
Ab-istada,  after  a  S.  course,  estimated  at 
60  m. 

Ghyrche,  a  large  vill.  of  Nubia,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Nile. 

Ghyretty,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  &  prov.  Bengal,  near  the  Hooghly. 

GhysAbad,  a  town  of  British  India, 
Bundelcund. 

GiABAR,  a  town  &  castle  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  pash.  Diarbekir,  on  the  Eu- 
phrates. The  town  has  about  1,000 
houses.     Near  it  bitumen  is  abundant. 

GiAcoMO  (San),  two  vills.  of  Italy. 

I.  Naples,  prov.  Princip.  Citra.    P.  2,700. 

• II.   {di   Lusiana),    N.    Italy,    gov. 

Venice.     P.  2,500. 

Giannutri,  Dianium,  a  small  island 
of  the  Mediterranean,  belonging  to  Tus- 
cany.    L.  2  m. 

Giant's  Causeway,  a  celebrated  ba- 
saltic formation,  N.  coast  of  Irel.,  Ulster, 
CO.  Antrim,  to  the  W.  of  Bengoie  Head. 
The  "causeway,"  is  a  platform  project- 
ing into  the  sea,  from  the  base  of  a  strat- 
ified cliff,  about  400  feet  in  height,  &  re- 
sembles a  pier  700  ft.  in  length,  350  ft. 
in  breadth,  &  varying  to  30  ft.  in  height 
above  the  strand. 

Giant's  Mountain,  Asia-Minor,  on 
the  E.  shore  of  the  Bosphorus. 

Giarratana,  a  vill.  of  Sicilj'',  intend. 
Syracuse.     P.  2,440. 

GiARRE,  a  town  of  Sicily,  intend.  Ca- 
tania, at  the  E.  slope  of  Mt.  Etna.  P. 
4,700. 

GiARRETTA,  a  riv^r  of  Sicily,  rises  in 
the  mntns.,  &  after  a  S.E.  course  of  50 
m.,  enters  the  Mediterranean. 

GiAT,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Puy-de-Dome.     P.  2,309. 

GiAVENO,   a   town   of  Piedmont,    div. 


Turin,  cap.  mand.,  near  the  Sangone.  P. 
8,866. 

GiBAHA,  a  seaport  vill.  of  Cuba,  on  a 
height  on  its  N.  coast,  50  m.  N.E.  St. 
Salvador.       ^ 

GiBELLiNA,  a  vill.  of  Sicily,  cap.  cant. 
P.  5,300. 

GiBEALEON,*  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  N. 
Huelva,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Odiel.     P.  2,704. 

Gibraltar,  a  strongly  fortified  seaport 
town  &  colony  of  Great  Britian,  near  the 
S.  extremity  of  Spain,  where  it  occupies 
a  mntnous.  promontory,  B.  of  its  bay,  & 
on  the  N.  side  of  the  strait  of  Gibraltar, 
at  the  entrance  of  the  Mediterranean,  60 
m.  S.E.  Cadiz.  Lat.  of  the  Mole,  36°  7' 
3"  N.,  Ion.  5°  21'  2"  W.  P.  15,000.  The 
harbor  is  good,  &  protected  by  two  moles, 
one  1,100  &  the  other  700  feet  in  length. 
Gibraltar  was  made  a  free  port  in  1704, 

&  its  trade  is  still  considerable. II. 

{Say  of),  an  inlet  of  the  Mediterranean, 
near  the  S.  extremity  of  Spain,  Andalu- 
cia,  between  the  rock  of  Gibraltar  on  the 
E.,  &  Cape  Carnero  on  the  W.  L.  &  br. 
about   6  m.   each;    greatest  depth   110 

fathoms. III.  {Strait  of),  the  narrow 

W.  entrance  to  the  Mediterr.,  between 
Spain  N.,  Morocco  (Africa),  on  the  S. 
L.  about  50  m. ;  br.  from  19  to  23  m. 

Gibraltar  (St.  Antonio  de),  a  town 
of  S.  Amer.,  Venezuela,  dep.  Zulia,  on 
the  E.  shore  of  the  lake  of  Maracaybo, 
50  m.  N.W.  Truxillo.    P.  3,000. 

Gibson,  a  W.  county  of  Tenn.  Area, 
660  sq.  m.    Cap.  Trenton.      Staple  prod. 

cotton  &   tobacco.    P.    19,548. II.  a 

S.W.  county  of  la.  Area,  450  sq.  m. 
Cap.  Princeton.    The  common  grains  with 

some  tobacco  &  sugar.     P.   10,771. 

III.  p-t.,  Susquehanna  co.  Pa.  P.  1,219. 
IV.  town.  Gasconade  co.  Mo.    P.  808. 

GiDEA,  a  river  of  Sweden,  «nters  the 
gulf  of  Bothnia,  after  a  S.E.  course  of 
lOd  m. 

GiEN,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Loiret,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Loire.     P.  5,107. 

GiENGEN,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  circ. 
Jaxt,  on  the  Brenz.     P.  2,000. 

GiEsiM,  a  town  of  Nubia,  on  the  Ra- 
had,  tributary  of  the  Nile. 

GiEssEN,  a  town  of  Germany,  grand 
duchy  Hessen-Darmstadt,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Lahn.  Its  university,  founded  in  1607, 
has  recently  become  famous  for  its  school 
of  organic  chemistry,  under  Baron  Liebig, 
whose  class  is  attended  by  students  from 
all  parts  of  W.  Europe.  The  university 
has  a  library  of  36,000  vols.,  &  some  MSS. 
collections  in  natural  history,  &c.  In 
1847  it  had  40  professors  &  teachers,  & 
570  students. 


332 


CVCLOPiEDlA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[gio 


GiETHOOEN,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Overyssel.     P.  1,570. 

GiFHOHN,  a  town  of  Germany,  Hano- 
ver, at  the  confluence  of  the  Ise  &  Aller. 
P.  2,269. 

GiGHA,  one  of  the  Hebrides,  Scotland. 

GiGno,  an  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean, 
belonging  to  Tuscany,  prov.  Siena.  P. 
1,530.     It  is  5  m.  in  length. 

GiGNAc,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Herault,  cap.  cant.,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Herault.     P.  2,471. 

GiJON,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Oviedo,  on  the  bay  of  Biscay.  P. 
6,522. 

Gila,  a  river  of  California,  rises  in  the 
Sierra-Mimbres,  &  after  a  W.  course, 
estimated  at  400  m.,  enters  the  gulf  of 
California. 

Gilbert  Islands,  S.  America,  are  off 
the  S.W.  coast  Tierra-del-Fuego,  with  a 

good  harb.  in  Doris  Cove. II.  a  group, 

Pacific  ocean,  Mulgrave  archipelago. 

GiLDAs   (St.),  two  comms.  &  vills.  of 

France. 1,  {de  Ruis),  dep.  Morbihan, 

near  the  sea,  with  1,182  inhabs. II. 

(des  Bois),  Loire  Inf.,  cap.  cant.    P.  1,474. 

GiLDONB,  a  market  town  of  Naples, 
prov.  Molise.     P.  2,300. 

GiLEAD  (Mount),  Syria,  pash.  Damas- 
cus.  II.  t.,  Marion  eo.  Ohio.   P.  1,150. 

Giles,  a  county  of  W.  Va.  Area,  935 
sq.  m.  Mean  elev.  1,600  feet  above  the 
ocean.  It  has  white  &  sulphur  springs, 
which  are  much  celebrated.  Cap.  Paris- 
burg.     P.  6,570. II.  a  southern  CO.  of 

Tenn.  Area.,  600  sq.  m.  Cap.  Pulaski. 
P.  25,949. 

Gilford,  t.,  cap.  of  Belknap  co.  N.  H. 
P.  2,425. 

Gilghit,  a  small  independent  territory 
of  Central  Asia,  on  the  N.  declivity  of  the 
Hindoo  Kqpsh,  with  a  vill. 

Giling-auting  &  GinoN,  two  small 
islands,  Malay  archipelago,  off  the  E.  end 
of  Madura. 

Gill,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  Connaught,  co. 

Sligo.     L.  4  m. II.  t.,  Franklin  co. 

Mass.     P.  798. 

Gilles-les-Boucheries  (St.),  a  comm. 
&  town  of  France,  dep.  Gard.  cap.  cant. 
P.  5,278. 

Gillespie,  a  county,  Texas.   P.  1,240. 

Gilles-Sur-Vib  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Vendee,  cap.  cant.,  on  the 
Vie,  near  the  Atlantic.     P.  1,061. 

GiLLES  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of  Bel- 
gium, prov.  E.  Flanders,  cap.  cant.,  near 

the  Dutch  frontier.     P.  3,590. II.  a 

vill.,  prov.  S.  Brabant. 

GiLLT,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium, 
prov.  Hainault.    P.  5,618. 


GiLMANTON,  p-t.,  Belknap  co.  N.  H. 
Gilmantown  theological  sem.  is  located 
here.     P.  3,282. 

Gilmer,   a  N.  co.  of  Georgia.     Area, 

680  sq.  m.     Cap.  Ellijay.     P.  8,440. 

II.  county,  W.  Va.     P.  3,475. 

Gilolo,  a^considerable  island,  Malay 
archipelago,  on  the  equator,  Ion.  128°  E. 
Estim.  area,  6,500  sq.  m.  Shape  very 
eccentric.  Coasts  resorted  to  by  pirates. 
— The  passage  of  Gilolo  is  from  100  to 
140  m.  across. 

GiLPAiGON,  a  town  of  Persia,  prov. 
Irak-Ajemi. 

GiMENA,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Cadiz. 
P.  5,878. 

GiMONT,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gers,  cap.  cant.,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Gi- 
mone.     P.  2,071. 

GiNGEE,  a  fortified  town  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Madras. 

Gingerbread  Ground,  a  dangerous 
reef,  Bahama  isls.,  35  m.  S.  the  Great 
Bahama  island.  Lat.  25°  56'  N. ;  Ion. 
78°25'E. 

GioiA,   a  city  of  Naples,  prov.  Bari. 

P.  9,500. II.  a  vill.  Abruzzo  Ult.  II. 

P.  1,900. III.  a  vill.,  T.  di  Lavoro. 

P.  2,400. 

GioJosA,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Calab. 

Ult.  I.,  cap.  cant.,  arrond.     P.  6,000. 

II.  a  town  of  Sicily,  intend.  Messina,  on 
its  N.  coast.     P.  3,300. 

Giorgio  (San),  numerous  vills.  &  m^t. 

towns,  Italy. 1.  N.  Italy,  gov.  Venice, 

on  the  Ajdige. II.  Naples,  prov.  Calab. 

Citra. III.  prov.   Calab.  Ult.  I.      P. 

3,400. IV.  prov.  princip.  Cit.  cap.  cant. 

P.  2,000. V.  prov.  Otranto,  cap.  cant. 

VI.  a  vill..  Piedmont,  on  the   Dora 

Ripaira. VII.  Pontif.  sta.     P.  3,000. 

VIII.  (Canavese),  Piedmont,  div.  Tu- 
rin, prov.  Ivrea.  P.  with  comm.  3,656. 

IX.  (di  Lomellina),  Piedmont.  P.  2,534. 
X.  {la  Molinara),  Naples,  prov.  prin- 
cip. Ult.,  cap.  cant.     P.  4,700. XI.  a 

vill.,  prov.  princip.  Ult.  P.  1,100. — San 
Giorgio  Maggiore  is  an  island  of  the 
Adriatic,  gov.  Venice. 

GiORNico,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Ticino,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Tessin. 

Giovanni  (San),  nnmers.  small  towns 

&   vills.  of  Italy,   &c. 1.   Sicily.     P. 

2,400. II.   (Ilarione);   N.  Italy.      P. 

3,000.^^ — III.  (in  Croce),  Lombardy.   P. 

1.400. IV.  {in  Flore),  Naples,   prov. 

Calab.  Citra,  cap.  cant.     P.  5,800. V. 

(it?    Galdo),  prov.  Molise,  cap.  cant.     P. 

2,200. VI.  {in  Persiceto),  Pontif.  sta. 

P.  3,400. VII.  {in  Val  d'Arno),  Tus- 
cany, prov.  Florence,  on  the  W.  banlj  of 
the  Arno.   P.  2,000. -VIII.  {Rotondo), 


gla] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


333 


Naples,  prov.  Capitanata.    P.  4,700. 

IX.  (di  Moriani),  a  town  of  Savoy,  on 
the  Arvo,  cap.  prov.  same  name.  P.  3,080. 
— San  Giovanni  in  Medua,  is  a  harbor, 
Albania,  N.  the  mouth  of  the  Drin. 

GriovATA,  a  small  seaport  town,  Asia- 
Minor,  Anatolia,  at  the  head  of  the  gulf 
of  Kos. 

GiovENAzzo,  a  fortified  seaport  town 
of  Naples,  prov.  Bari,  cap.  cant.,  on  a 
rocky  peninsula  in  the  Adriatic.   P.  6,000. 

GiRAGLiA,  a  small  isl.,  Mediterranean, 
off  the  N.  extremity  of  Corsica. 

GiRAPETRA,  a  small  maritime  town  of 
the  isl.  of  Crete,  on  its  S.  coast. 

GiRARD,  p-t.,  Erie  eo.  Pa.     P.  2,660. 

GiRDLENESs,  a  headland  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Kincardine. 

GiRGEH,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt,  cap. 
prov.  of  same  name,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Nile. 
P.  7,000.  (7) 

GiRGENTi,  a  city  of  Sicily,  cap.  intend, 
on  the  slope  of  a  mountain,  nearly  1,200 
feet  above  the  sea,  which  it  faces  at  about 
3  m.  distant.  P.  15,000.  Girgenti  is  the 
chief  port  in  Sicily  for  the  shipment  of 
sulphur ;  other  princip.  exports  are  corn, 
almonds,  sumach,  oil,  &  soda. 

GiRiFALco,  a  market  town  of  Naples, 
prov.  Calab.  Ult.  I.     P.  3,300. 

GiROMAGNY,  a  comm.  &  town,  France, 
dep.  H.  Rhin.    P.  2,682. 

GiRONA,  a  town  of  S.  America,  New 
Granada,  prov.  Pamplona.  It  trades 
with  Mompox.  Excellent  tobacco  is 
raised  in  its  vicinity. 

GiRONDE,  an  estuary  of  W.  France, 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  rivers  Ga- 
ronne &  Dordogne.  L.  45  m. ;  breadth 
from  2  to  6  m.,  its  mouth  being  3  m. 

across. II.  a  marit.  dep.  in  the  S.W. 

of  Prance.  Area,  4,193  sq.m.  P.  605,444. 
Most  of  the  claret  wines  are  grown  in  this 
dep.,  the  vineyards  in  which  form  its  chief 
source  of  wealth. 

GiRONS  (St.),  a  comm  &  town,  Franco, 
dep.  Ariege,  cap.  arrond.,  on  rt.  b  of  the 
Salat.     P.  3,081. 

GIRVA.N,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  Ayr, 
rises  in  a  small  lake,  &  flows  into  the 

Irish  sea.- II.  a  bor.  of  barony,  at  the 

mouth  of  the  above  river,  co.  Ayr.  P. 
7,421. 

GisoRs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Eure,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Epte.  P. 
3,134. 

Gisr-el-Shughul,  a  vill.,  Syria,  pash. 
Damascus,  on  the  Orontes,  about  40  m. 
S.E.  Antioch.     P.  3,000. 

Gissi,  a  market  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Abruzzo  Citra,  cap.  cant.    P.  3,400. 

Gits  CHIN,  a  walled  town  of  Bohemia, 


cap.  circ.  Bidschow,  on  the  Czidlina.  P 
3,828. 

GiTTELDE,  a  town  of  N.  Germany, 
Brunswick,  in  the  Harz.     P.  1,213. 

GiuGLiANO,  a  market  town  of  Naples, 

prov.  Naples.     P.  8,300. II.  a  vill., 

prov.  Abruz20  Citra,  dist.  Chieti.  P. 
1,400. 

GiuLiANA,  a  seaport  vill.  of  Dalmatia, 
on  the  E.  side  of  the  peninsula  Sabion- 

eello. II.  a  market  town  of  Sicily. 

P.  2i800. 

GiuLiANO  (San),  several  vills..  &c.,  of 
Italy. 1.  Pontif.  sta.     P.   1,880. 

II.  {di  Sepino),  Naples,  prov.  Molise. 

III.  a  vill.  &  bay,  Malta,  IJ  m.  N. 
Valetta. 

Giulianova,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Abruzzo  Ult.  i.,  cap.  cant.,'  near  the 
Adriatic.  P.  2,000.  —  Giuliopoli,  is  a 
vill.,  prov.  Abruzzo  Citra.     P.  1,000. 

Giulietta  (Santa),  a  market  town 
of  N.  Italy,  Piedmont,  div.  Alessandria. 
P.  of  comm.  2,070. — San  Giulio  is  an  isl. 
&  vill.,  div.  Novara,  in  the  lake  of  Orta, 
with  1,400  inhabitants. 

GiupANA,  an  isl.  of  Dalmatia,  circ. 
Ragusa,  in  the  Adriatic.    P.  850.    L.  5  m. 

GiuRGEVo,  a  town  of  Wallachia,  on  1. 
b.  of  the  Danube.     P.  7,000. 

GiusTiNO  (San),  a  town  of  Central 
Italy,  Pontif.  sta.     P.  3,000. 

GivET,  a  comm.  &  fortified  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ardennes,  on  the  Meuse. 
P.  4,090. 

GivoRs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Rhone,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Rhone. 
P.  7,010. 

GivRY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Saune-et-Loire,  cap.  cant.    P.  2,126. 

Gladbach,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 

cap.  cire.,  near  the  Niers.     P.  3,160. 

II.  a  town,  reg.  Cologne.     P.  2,550. 

Gladenbach,  a  market  town  of  Ger- 
many, Hessen-Darmstadt,  prov.  Upper 
He.ssen.     P.  1,050. 

Gladova,  a  town  of  Servia,  on  the 
Danube,  immediately  below  the  "iron- 
gate,"  or  rapids  of  that  river.  Not  long 
ago  it  was  a  mere  collection  of  wretched 
huts. 

Gladwin,  a  northern  co.  of  Mich., 
unorganized. 

Glamorganshire,  the  most  S.  co.  of 
Wales.    Area,  792  sq.  m.     P.  219,132. 

Glandeve,  a  liamlet  &  former  town 
of  France,  dep.  B.  Alpes,  on  the  Var, 
ruined  by  repeated  inundations  of  the 
riv.,  which  have  forced  the  inhabitants 
to  abandon  it. 

Glandford-Bkigg,  a  mkt.  town  of 
England,  co.  Lincoln.     P.  1,822. 


4 


334 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[gle 


Glaknisch,  a  mountsiia  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Glarus,  7,(Jl4  feet  in  elev. 

GrLARUs,  a  cant,  of  Switzerland,  en- 
closed by  St.  Gall,  the  Grisons,  Schwytz, 
&Uri.  Area,  280  sq.  m.  P.  31,000.  It 
is  a  cul-de-sac,  consisting  of  the  valley 
of  the  Linth  &  its  affluents.  On  all  other 
sides,  it  is  hemmed  in  by  high  mountain 
ranges,  &  the  Dodi  at  its  S.  extremity  is 
11,887  feet  in  height. 

Glarus,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  cap. 
cant,  same  name,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Linth,  at 
the  foot  of  Mount  Glarnisch.     P.  4,320. 

Glasgow,  a  city  of  Scotland,  on  the 
Clyde.  P.  333,657.  The  city  is  built  on 
a  gentle  declivity,  sloping  towards  the 
bank  of  the  riv.,  where  3  large  stone,  & 
a  wooden  bridge,  communicate  with  the 
suburb  of  the  Gorbals,  on  the  1.  b. 
Length  of  city  4i  m. ;  breadth  2  m. 
The  most  ancient  part  of  the  town  is  on 
an  elevated  ground  to  the  N.B.,  where 
stands  the  cathedral  of  St.  Mungo,  a  fine 
old  Gothic  structure,  supposed  to  have 
been  founded  in  1136  by  Achaius,  bishop 
of  Glasgow.  S.W.  of  the  cathedral,  in 
the  High  street,  is  the  university,  founded 
in  1450  by  Pope  Nicholas  V.  It  is  well 
endowed,  ann.  income  about  20,00QZ.,  & 
consists  of  a  chancellor,  rector,  dean, 
principal,  8  college  professors,  &  14  regius 
professors;  a  library  with  59,000  vols., 
a  museum,  &  an  average  number  of  950 
students.  ^  There  are  4  banks  &  several 
bank  agencies  in  the  city  ;  a  chamber  of 
commerce  &  an  elegant  royal  exchange 
erected  in  Queen  street  in  1829.  Numer? 
ous  railways  communicate  with  the  sur- 
rounding districts,  &  the  Clyde  affords 
great  facilities  for  steamboat  conveyance. 
The  riv.  is  now  deepened,  so  as  to  admit 
ships  of  2,000  tons.  The  wharfs  &  docks 
afford  extensive  accommodation  for  ves- 
sels of  every  description.  Revenue  of 
harbor  (1848)  60,600Z.  Glasgow  is  cel- 
ebrated "as  the  great  Scottish  emporium 
of  trade  4  manufactures.  The  number 
&  tonnage  of  vessels  owned  at  Glasgow 
was  (in  1848)  511  vessels,  136,686  tons. 
Customs  rev.  for  the  same  year,  610,978Z. 
In  1848,  the  aggregate  tonnage  of  sailing 
&  steam  vessels  which  entered-  &  sailed 
from  the  port  was  1,175.525  tons.  The 
city  is  divided  into  16  dists.,  each  sending 
3  members  to  its  council,  governed  by  a 
lord  provost,  "8  bailies,  39  councillors,  a 
doan  of  guild,  deacon,  convener,  &  treas- 
urer.  -11.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Barren  co.  Ky. 

Glashxjtte,   a  town  of  Saxony,  circ. 
Dresden.     P.  1,085. 

Glastenbury,  t.,  Hartford  Co.  Conn. 
P.  3,390. 


Glastonbury,  munie.  bor.  &  town  of 
England,  co.  Somerset. 

Glatt,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Zurich,  joins  the  Rhine  below  Bglisau. 

Glatz,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  cap. 
circ,  on  the  Neisse,  near  the- Bohemian 
frontier.  P:  7,800,  or  including  garrison, 
10,058. 

Glatjchatj,  a  town  of  Saxony,  eirc.  & 
8  m.  N.E.  Zwickau,  on  rt  b.  of  the 
Mulde.     P.  8,184. 

Glazov,  a  small  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Viatka,  cap.  circ,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Tcheptza. 

Glehn,  a  vill.  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
circ.  Dusseldorf,  with  mines  of  copper, 
lead,  &  iron.     P.  1,250. 

Gleiwitz,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
on  the  Klodniti^.     P.  7,350. 

Glen,  two  rivers  of  England. 1,  co. 

Northumberland. II.  a   riv.    in   the 

Tens,  CO.  Lincoln. 

Glena,  a  beautiful  vale  &  bay  of 
Ireland,  near  Killarney,  Munster,  co. 
Kerry. 

Glenans,  a  group  of  rocky  islets  off 
France,  in  the  Atlantic. 

Glencoe,  a  valley  of  Scotland,  co. 
Argyle. 

Glencove,  p-v.,  Oyster  bay  t.,  Queen  s 
CO.  N.  Y. 

Glendalough,  a  lake  &  valley  of 
Ireland,  Leinster,  co.  Wioklow. 

Glenelg  River,  Australia-Victoria, 
receives  all  the  rivers  S.W.  of  the  Gram- 
pian mntnsi,  &  enters  the  S.  ocean. 

Glenfinlas,  a  narrow  valley. 

Glenfruin,  a  valley  of  Scotland,  co. 
Dumbarton.  It  was  the  scene  of  a  bloody 
conflict  between  the  Macgregors  &  Col- 
quhouns  in  1602. 

Glengad,  a  headland  of  Ireland, 
Ulster. 

Glengariff  Harbor,  a  branch  of 
Bantry  bay,  Ireland,  Munster,  co.  Cork. 

Glengarry,  a  beautiful  valley  of 
Scotland,  co.  Inverness. 

Glenlivet,  a  valley  of  Scotland,  co. 
Banff,  was  the  scene  of  a  memorable  en- 
counter in  1594,  between  the  adherents 
of  the  earls  of  Huntly  &  of  Argyle. 

Glenlyon,  a  fine  mntn.  vale  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  Perth. 

Glenmalure,  a  wild  mntn.  vale  of 
Ire!.,  Leinster,  co.  "Wicklow. 

Glenmore,  a  vale  of  Scotland,  cos. 
Moray  &  Inverness. 

Glbnmgriston,  a  valley  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Inverness. 

Glenn,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  3,043. 

Glenn's  Falls,  p-v.,  Warren  co.  N.  Y. 


goa] 


UNIVERSAL  gazp:tteer. 


335 


It  has  maclime  shops  &  marble  mills. 
P.  2,000. 

Glenvillb,  p-t.,  Schenectady  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  3,409. 

GiEN-OF-THE-HoRSE,  a  Stupendous 
ravine  of  Ireland,  Munster. 

Glenogle,  avalleyofScotl.,  co.  Perth. 

Glenroy,  a  valley  of  Scotland,  co. 
Inverness. 

Glenshee,  a  narrow  valley,  7  m.  long, 
of  Scotl.,  CO.  Perth. 

Glentilt,  a  long,  narrow  mntn.  pass 
of  Scotl.,  CO.  Perth. 

Glimsholm,  one  of  the  smaller  Orkney 
isls. 

Glin,  mkt.  town  &  seaport  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  co.  Limerick,  on  the  Shannon. 
P.  1,208. 

Glina,  a  fortified  town  of  Croatia, 
Hungarian  military  frontier,  on  the  Gli- 
na.    P.  1,760. 

Gliniany,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia,  circ.  &  25  m.  E  Lemberg.  P. 
2,350. II.  a  small  town  of  Poland. 

Glitness,  one  of  the  smaller  Shetland 
isles. 

Glockner  (Gross),  a  mntn.  of  Aus- 
tria, the  highest  point  of  the  Noric  Alps, 
in  the  Tyrol,  12,425  feet  in  elev. 

Glocknitz,  a  mkt.  town  of  Lower 
Austria,  circ.  below  the  V/ienerwald.  P. 
1,520. 

Glogau,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
cap.  circ,  on  l.b.  of  the  Oder.    P.  12,450. 

II.  {Upper),  a  town  on  rt.  b.  of  the 

Hotzenplotz.     P.  3,760. 

Glogovatz,  a  market  town  of  Hun-, 
gary,  co.  Arad,  on  the  Maros.     P.  2,085. 

Glomel,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  COtes-du-Nord.     P.  3,776. 

Glommen,  the  principal  riv.  of  Nor- 
way.    L. 280  m. 

Glons,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium. 
P.  2,000.  It  is  the  centre  of  an  import- 
ant manuf.  of  straw  hats,  in  which  more 
than  6,000  persons  are  employed. 

Gloriosa  Islands,  a  small  group  in 
the  Mozambique  channel,  Indian  ocean, 
100  m.  from  the  N.  extremity  of  Mada- 


Gloucester,  aS.W.  co.  of  N.J.  Area, 
580  sq.  m.     Cap.  Woodbury.     E.xtensive 

manufs.     P.  14,655. II.  a  county  of 

E.  Va.     Area,  280  sq.  m.     Cap.    Glou- 
cester c.  H.     P.   10,52,7. III.   p-t.,  & 

port  of  entry,  Essex  co.  Mass.     It  has  a 
fine  harbor.    Tonnage,  23,436,11.   Chief 

industry,  fishing.      P.   7,786. IV.   t.. 

Providence   co.   R.   I.     P.   2,872. V. 

t.,  Gloucester  co  N.  J.    P.  2,837. VI. 

c.  H.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Gloucester  co.  Va. 

VII.  a  city,  CO.  of  itself,  muuic.  bor.,  & 


river  port  of  England,  cap.  co.  Glouces- 
ter, on  the  B.  bank  of  the  Severn.  It 
occupies  a  slight  eminence  beside  the 
Severn,  where  it  divides  to  enclose  the 
isl.  Alney.  The  cathedral,  formerly  the 
church  of  a  rich  Benedict  abbey,  and 
built  in  1047,  is  one  of  the  finest  in  Engl. 

VIII.  (Island),  Pacific   oce.an,  is   a 

small  island,  in  lat.  19°  7'  S.,  Ion.  140° 
37' W. 

Gloucestershire,  a  co.  of  England, 
in  its  W.  part.  Area,  1,258  sq.  m.  P. 
414,475.  It  has  3  natural  divisions ;  the 
E.  being  the  Cotswold  hills,  varying  in 
height  from  200  to  upwards  of  1,000  feet ; 
the  middle  forming/  the  fertile  valley  of 
the  Severn  &  its  afiis. ;  &  the  division 
W.  of  the  Severn,  consisting  mostly  of  the 
forest  of  Dean.  In  the  hills,  sheep  farm- 
ing is  the  chief  branch  of  industry  ;  the 
number  of  sheep  is  estimated  at  600,000, 
and  the  annual  produce  of  wool  at  16,000 


Glover,  t.,  Orleans  co.  Vt.     P.  1,119. 

Glowno,  two  small  towns  of  Poland, 
one  N.  Posen,  the  other  gov.  Warsaw. 

Gluchov,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Tchernigov,  on  the  Jesmen.     P.  7,000. 

Gluckstadt,  a  town  of  Denmark,  cap. 
duchy  Holstein,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Lit- 
tle Rhine.     P.  6,000. 

Gluiras,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Ard^che.     P.  3,011. 

Glyde,  a  river  of  Ireland,  Ulster  & 
Lein.ster. 

Glynn,  a  S.E.  county,  Ga.  Area,  625 
sq.  m.  Cap.  Brunswick.  Staple  prod. 
rice  &■  cotton.     P.  4,933. 

Gmijnd,  t.  of  Germany,  Wiirtemberg, 
on  the  Rems.    P.  6,100. 

Gmiinden,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria, 
circ.  Traun.     P.- 3,300. 

Gnadenthal,  a  Moravian  missionary 
station  of  S.  Africa,  Cape  Colony,  70  m. 
E-S.B.  Cape  Town. 

Gnesen,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov.  Po- 
sen, cap.  circ.     P.  7,140. 

Gnoien,  a  town,  N.  Germany,  Meckl.- 
Schwerin,  cap.  dist.     P.  2,982. 

Goa,  a  maritime  city  &  cap.  of  the 
Portuguese  dom.  in  the  E.,  on  an  island 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Mandona  river,  W. 
coast  of  India,  250  m.  E.S.E.  Bombay. 
P.  4,000.  It  is  a  city  of  churches,  &  the 
wealth  of  provinces  seems  to  have  been 
expended  in  their  erection,  their  archi- 
tecture far  surpassing  in  grandeur  & 
taste  whatever  of  their  kind  has  been 
attempted  by  Europeans  in  the  East. 

GoACK,  a  town  of  the  island  Celebes, 
Malay  arohip. 

GoAHATi,  a  small  town  of  Lower  As- 


S36 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPnr. 


[gol 


sam,  Further  India,  on  the  S.  bankpf 
the  Brahmaputra. 

GoALPARA,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  dist.  Kungpoor,  on  the 
Brahmaputra. 

GoAE  (St.))  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
cap.  circ,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Ehine.    P.  1,430. 

Goat  Island,  N.  Amer.,  is  a  densely 
wooded  island  of  about  75  acres,  in  the 
centre  of  the  Palls  of  Niagara,  &  on  to 
■which  a  bridge  has  been  thrown  from  the 
United  States  side. II.  an  island.  Pa- 
cific ocean,  3  m.  S.W.  Juan-Fernandez. 
It  is  about  5  m.  in  circumference,    500 

feet  in  height,  volcanic,  &  desolate. 

III.  the  smallest  of  the  Bashee  islands, 
B.  archipelago. 

GoAVE,  two  towns  of  Hayti,  Le  Grand 
Goave,  being  7  m.  E.  of  Le  Petit  Goave, 
which  is  on  the  bay  of  Gonaives,  48  m. 
W.S.W.  Port-au-Prince,  with  a  good  har- 
bor, &  an  active  foreign  trade. 

GoBAiN  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Aisne.     P.  1,419. 

Gobi,  a  wide  region  of  Central  Asia, 
between  lat.  40°  &  50°N.,  &lon.  90°  & 
120°  E.  L.  1,200  m. ;  br.  varies  from 
500  to  700  m.  Its  central  portion  con- 
sists of  a  desert  of  shifting  sands,  about 
3,000  feet  above  the  sea,  skirted  on  the 
N.  &  S.  by  extensive  rocky  or  stony 
tracts. 

Gogh,  a  town  of  Khenish  Prussia,  reg. 
Dusseldorf.     P.  3,800. 

GocHSHEiM,  a  town  of  W.  Germanj', 

grand  duchy  Baden.     P.  1,370. II.  a 

vill.,  Bavaria,  prov.  Lower  Franeonia, 
near  Schweinfurt.     1,727  inhabs. 

GoDALMiNG,  a  munic.  bor.,  mkt.  town, 
of  England,  eo.  Surrey,  on  the  Wey. 
P.  4,338. 

GoDANO,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Sardinia, 
dom.,  cap.  mand.  &.  comm.,  prov.  Spezzia, 
near  the  Vera.    P.  (of  comm.)  3,379. 

GoD.AVERY,  a  large  river  of  India, 
Decean.  rises  by  numerous  rivulets  from 
W.  Ghaut  mountains,  after  a  course  of 
700  m.,  it  divides  into  two  principal 
branches,  which  subdivide  as  they  enter 
the  bay  of  Bengal. 

GoDEBiEK,  town,  Huron  co.  Upper 
Canada.     P.  1,329. 

GoDESBEBG,  a  vill.  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
reg.  Cologne,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Rhine,  with 
1,170  inhabs. 

GODEWAEESVELDE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Nord.     JP.  1,836. 

GoDiNG,  a  town  of  Moravia,  on  the 
March.     P.  2,975. 

GoDLEY,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
Chester.     P.  1,399. 

GoDMANCHESTER  (pron.   Gumcester), 


a  munic.  bor.  of  England,  co.  Huntingdon. 
P.  2,152. 

GoDOLLo,  a  town  of  Hungary,  circ.  <& 
15  m.  N.E.  Pesth,  with  2,330  inhabs. 

GoDRA,  a  town  of  India,  Gwalior  dom. 

GoEDEREEDB,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, S.  Holland,  on  the  isl.  Goeree.  P. 
1,045. 

GoEREE,  an  island  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  S.  Holland. 

Goes,  a  fortified  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands,  prov.  Zeeland,  cap.  cant.,  on  the 

isl.  S.  Beveland.     P.  5,425. II.  a  vill. 

of  Portugal,  prov.  Beira,  19  m.  E.  Co- 
imbra. 

GcETA-ELF,  a  river  of  Sweden,  flows 
from  Lake  Wener,  &  enters  the  Kattegat, 
after  a  S.  course  of  50  m. 

GoETZEUBRucK,    a   comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Moselle.     It  has  a  manuf.  _ 
of  watch  glasses,  employing  600  hands,  & 
producing  45,000  glasses  daily. 

GoFFSTOvfN,  town,  Hillsborough  co. 
N.  11.,  opposite  Amoskeag  falls.  Impor- 
tant maimfs.     P.  2,276. 

GoGAN,  a  vill.  of  Persia,  prov.  Azer- 
bijan,  on  the  E.  side  of  Lake  Urumiyah. 

GoGGiNGEN,  a  vill.  of  Bavaria,  cire. 
Swabia,  on  bank  of  theWertach,  a  castle 
&  1,222  iahabs. 

GoGGEA,  a  river  of  N.  Hindostan,  & 
one  of  the  chief  tributaries  of  the  Ganges, 
which  it  joins  about  100  m.,  after  a  S.E. 
course  of  400  to  500  m. 

GoGMAGOG  Hills,  England,  co.  Cam- 
bridge. 

G  OGO,  a  marit.  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bombay,  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
gulf  of  Cambay,  with  a  safe  roadstead 
during  the  S.W.  monsoon,  &  some  trade 
in  ship-building. 

GoKUD,  &  GoHUN,  two  towus  of  India; 
the  former,  British,  presid.  Bengal ;  the 
latter  in  Bundelcund. 

GoiL  (Loch),  a  branch  of  Loch  Long, 
Scotl.,  CO.  Argyle. 

GoiTO,  a  vill.  of  Lombardy,  on  the 
Mincio.     P.  1,800. 

GojAM,  a  dist.  of  Abyssinia,  state 
Amhara.,  S.  of  the  Lake  Tzana. 

GojEB,  a  river  of  Central  Africa,  in 
the  country  S.  of  Abyssinia,  flowing  B. 

GoKAUK,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bombay. 

GoLBOHNE,  a  township  of  Engl.,  co. 
Lancaster.     P.  1,657. 

GoLcoNDA,  a  fortified  town  of  Hin- 
dostan, Nizam's  dom. II.  p-v.,  cap. 

of  Pope  CO.  111. 

GoLDApp,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  on  the 
Goldapp  riv.     P.  3,880. 

GoLDAU,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland. 


goo] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


'337 


UoLDBETia,  two  towns  of  Germany. 

I.  Pruss.  Silesia,  on  the  Katzbach.  P. 
7,350.  About  6  m.  E-  is  the  hamlet  of 
AVahlstadt,  where  the  troops  under  Blii- 
cher  defeated  the  French  un^ler  Macdon- 

ald,   Aug.  26th,    1813. II.  Mecklen- 

burg-Schwerin,  on  the  small  lake  of  Gold- 
berg.    P.  2,646. 

Gold  Coast,  a  country  of  Guinea,  W. 
Africa,  e.Ktending  along  the  Atlantic 
0;wan,  from  the  river  Volta  on  the  E.,  to 
C  ipe  Lahu  on  the  W.,  &  bounded  N.  by 
Ashante.  It  was  discovered  by  the  Portu- 
guese, who  founded  an  establishment  at 
Forb  Elmina  in  1482. 

Golden  Bridge,  a  vill.  of  Irel.,  Lein- 
ster.     P.  1,090. 

Golden  Vale,  England,  co.  Hereford. 

GoLDiNGEN,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Courland,  on  the  Windau.     P.  2,624. 

Goldsbobough,  t.,  Hancock  co.  Me. 
It  has  good  harbors.     P.  1,193. 

GoLEGA,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov. 
Estremndura,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Tagus, 
with  2,600  inhabs. 

GoLEK-BoGHAz  (the  "  Cilician  gates" 
of  antiquity),  a  pass  in  Asiatic  Turkey, 
through  the  Bulghar-Tagh  (Taurus). 

GoLFO  DuLCE,  a  lake  of  Central  Am- 
erica, state  &  125  m.  N.E.  Guatemala. 
L.  26  m.  ;  av.  b.  11  m.  ;  av.  depth  from  6 
to  8  fathoms. 

GoLi,    a  small  isl.  of  Dalmatia,    eirc. 

Zara,  in  the  Adriatic  sea. 'II.  a  town, 

W.  Africa,  Senegainbia,  on  the  estuary 
of  the  Jeba.     P.  4,000.(?) 

Goliad,   county,   Texas.     P.  648. " 

II.  t.,  cap.  of  the  above  eo.j  on  the  San 
Antonio. 

GoLLNOW,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pomera- 
nia,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Ihna.     P.  4,700. 

GoLLOusiTSR,  a  petty  marit.  town  of  the 
isl.  Socotra,  Indian  ocean,  on  its  N.  coast. 

GoLLUB,  a  town  of  Prussia,  reg.  Mari- 
enwerder,  on  the  Drewenz.     P.  2,320. 

GoLNiTZ,  a  market  town  of  W.  Hun- 
gary, CO.  Zips.     P.  5,300. 

Gold,  a  river  of  Corsica,  enters  the 
Mediterranean  on  its  E.  coast,  12  m.  S. 
Bastia.     L.  38  m. 

Gombroon,  a  seaport  town  of  Persia, 
prov.  Kirman,  on  the  Persian  gulf,  near 
its  mouth.  P.  5,000. (?)  It  stands  on  a 
slope  in  a  barren  country,  &  is  enclosed 
by  a  mud-wall,  &  wretchedly  built. 

GoMERA,  one  of  the  Canary  isls.,  W. 
group,  W.  Tenerifife,  from  which  it  is 
separated  by  a  strait  13  m.  broad.  L. 
12  m.  ;   b.  9  m.     P.  11,742.     Principal 

town,  St.  Sebastian. II.   a  river  of 

Morocco,  prov.  Fez,  enters  the  Mediter- 
ranean, after  a  N.Vf.  course  of  50  m. 
15 


GoMERSAL,  atnship.  of  Engl.,  co.  York, 
W.  Riding.     P.  8,030. 

GoMESi,  an  isl.  of  S.  America,  New 
Granada,  in  the  Caribbean  sea,  at  tho 
mouth  of  the  Magdalena. 

GoMMEGNiES,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Nord.     P.  2,950. 

GoMMENiTZA,  a  small  seaport  town 
of  European  Turkey,  Epirus. 

GoMMERN,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
on  the  Ehle.     P.  1,880. 

GoMOR  (Sajo),  a  vill.  of  N,  Hungary, 
cap.  circ,  in  the  co.  Gomor,  on  the  Sajo. 
P.  1,049.  The  co.  of  Gomor  has  an  area 
of '1,694  sq.  m.,  &  a  p.  of  202,000. 

GoMUL,  an  important  pass  onthe  Mid- 
dle rotite  from  Hindostan  into  Affghanis- 
tan. 

GoNAivE  (La),  an  isl.,  W.  Indies,  W. 
Hayti,  in  the  bay  of  Leogane.  L.  36  m. ; 
average  b.  8  m.    Destitute  of  fresh  water. 

GoNAivEs  (Les),  a  town  of  Hayti,  cap. 
arrond.,  on  the  bay  of  Gonaives,  65  ra. 
N.W.  Port  Republicaia.  It  has  an  ex- 
cellent harbor. 

GoNCEHN,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Is^re,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,6,42. 

GoNDAR,  a  city  of  Abyssinia,  cap. 
state,  Amhara.     1,000  families. 

GoNDREcouRT,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Meuse,  cap.  cant.,  on  the 
Ornain.  P.  1,681.  —  Gondreville  is  a 
comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Meurthe,  on  rt,  b,  of 
the  Moselle.     P.  1,307. 

GoNDwARA,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

GoNEssE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  cap.  cant.     P.  2,147. 

GoNFARON,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Var.     P.  1,663. 

GoNiADz,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
gov.  Bialystok,  on  the  Bober.     P.  1,550. 

GoNNEViLLE,   two  comms.  &  vills.  of 

France. 1,  dep.  Manche.      P.   1,370. 

II.  dep.  Seine  Inf 

GoNNiNGEN,  a  vill.  of  Wiirtemberg, 
circ.  Black  Forest.     P.  2,422. 

GoNj^^oRD,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
Fi'ance,   dep.  Maine-et-Loire.     P.  1,878. 

GoNNOs-FANADiGA,  a  viU.  of  Sardinia, 
div.  Cagliari.  P.  (including  comm.)  2,925. 

GoNZAGA,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.  Italy, 
Lombardy. 

GoNzALo,  CO.,  Texas.    P.  1,492. 

Goochland,  a  co.  of  E.  Va.  Area, 
300  sq.  m.  Gold  has  been  found  in  this 
CO.  Excellent  coal  is  produced.  Cap. 
Goochland  c.  h.      Staple,  tobacco.       P. 

10,352. II.   c.  H.,   p-v.,   cap.   of  tho 

above  co. 

Good  Hope,  a  fort  of  British  N.  Amr- 
erioa,  on  the  M'Eenzie  riv. 


838 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGIIAPHY, 


[gor 


Good  Hope  (Bay  of),  a  bay  of  Russn. 
America. 

Good  Hope,  the  name  of  the  N.  ex- 
tremity of  Papua,  in  lat.  0°  19'  15"  S., 
Ion.  132°  27'  E. 

Goodwin  Sands,  a  range  of  shoals  ia 
the  strait  of  Dover,  extending  off  the  S.E. 
coast  of  Engl.,  co.  Kent.     L.  10  m. 

GoojAH,  a  town  of  Scinde,  on  a  navi- 
gable creek  of  the  Indian  ocean. 

GooLE,  a  river  port  town  of  England, 
CO.  York,  W.  Kiding,  on  the  Ouse.  P. 
1,671. 

GooMsuR,  a  town  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid..  Madras. 

GooMTY,  two  rivers  of  British  India, 

presid.  Bengal. 1,  a  tributary  of  the 

Ganges. II.  dist.  Tiperah,  joins  the 

Brahmaputra. 

GodNDA,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  do- 
minion &  25  miles  N.W.  Oude. 

GooNEE,  an  arm  of  the  riv.  Indus, 
Scinde. 

Goonong-Tella,  a  maritime  town  of 
Celebes,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  Goonong- 
Tella  bay,  between  the  N.  &  E.  limbs  of 
the  isl.  The  Dutch  had  a  settlement 
here. 

GooR,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  prov. 
Overyssel,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,627. 

Goose,  or.,  a  branch  of  Roanoke  r.,  Va. 

Goose  Island,  an  island  in  the  St. 
Lawrence  river,   Losver   Canada,   13  m. 

N.E.   the    isl.   Orleans. II.   a  rocky 

islet  in  Bass  strait. 

GooTY,  a  strong  fort  &  town  of  British 
India,  presid.  Madras,  on  a  mountain, 
2,171  feet  above  the  sea. 

Goppingen,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
circ.  Danube,  on  the  Fils.     P.  5,035. 

Gora,  a  small  town   of  Poland,   gov. 

Warsaw. II.  a  vill.  of  Prussia,  prov. 

Posen. 

GoRAB  under,  a  vill.  &  fort  of  British 
India,  presid.  Bombay, 

GoRAM,  an  island  of  the  Malay  archip. 

GoRBATOV,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Nijnii-Novgorod,  onJ,he  Oka.    P.  2,070. 

Gorchen,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov. 
Posen.     P.  1,500. 

GoRDES,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Vaucluse.     P.  1,212. 

Gordon,  county,  Ga.     P.  5,934. 

GoREE,  an  island  &  town  of  W.  Africa, 
belonging  to  the  French,  immediately 
S.E.  Cape  Verd,  in  lat.  14°  39'  N.,  Ion. 
17°   24'   W.      P.   4,860,   comprising   18 

Europeans. II.  an  island  &  vill.  of 

S-  Holland,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Maas. 

III.   a  vill.  of  Jersey,  on  its  S.E. 

coast. 

GoBE  Island,  an  island  in  Behring 


sea,  about  midway  between  America  & 
Asia. 

GoREY,  a  munic.  bor.  &  mkt.  town  of 
Ireland,  Leinster,  co.  Wexford.    P.  3,365. 

GoRGONA,  a  small  island  in  the  Medi- 
terranean, belonging  to  Tuscany,  prov. 

Pisa,  between   Corsica  &  Leghorn. 

II.  an  island,  S.  America,  New  Granada, 
dep.  Cauca,  in  the  bay  of  Choco,  Pacific.' 
III.  a  vill.,  N.  Granada,  on  the  isth- 
mus, &  20  m.  N.W.  Panama,  on  the  riv. 

Chagres. Gorgonilla,  is  an  island  iu 

the  Pacific  ocean,  off  Point  Manglares, 
Ecuador. 

GoRGONzoLA,  a  vill.  of  Lombardy.  P. 
2,310. 

GoRGUE  (La),  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town 
of  France,  dep.  Nord.     P.  3,223. 

GoRHAM,   p-t.,    Cumberland    co.    Me. 

P.  3,018. II.  p-f.,  Ontario  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  2,645. 

GoRi,  a  fortified  town  of  Russia,  Geor- 
gia, on  the  Kur.     P.  3,000. II.  a  vill 

of  Russia,  gov.  Moghilev. 

GoRiN,  a  riv.,  Russian  Poland,  joins 
the  Pripetz,  by  two  arms  about  50  m.  E. 
Pinsk,  after  a  N.  course  of  230  m. 

GoRissEiFEN  (Ober),  a  vill.  of  Prus- 
sian Silesia.     P.  2,240. 

GoRiTz,  a  town  of  lUyria,  gov.  Triest, 
on  the  Isonzo.     P.  12,137. 

GoRiTZ,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov.  Bran- 
denburg.    P.  1,750. 

GoRKHA,  a  town  of  N.  Hindostan,  &  the 
anc.  cap.  of  Nepaul,  reported  to  comprise 
2,000  houses. 

GoEKUM,  a  fortfd.  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, -prov.  S.  Holland,  cap.  dist.,  on  the 
Maas.     P.  8,199. 

GosLAGO,  a  vill.  of  Lombardy.  P. 
1,200. 

GoRLiCE,  a  market  town  of  Austrian 
Poland,  circ.  Jaslo.     P.  2,547. 

GoBUTZ,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
cap.  circ,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Neisse.   P.  15,230. 

GoRODiscHTCHB,  Several  towns,  &c.,  of 

Russia. 1,  gov.  Pensa.    P.  2,000. 

II.  gov.  Tver.    P.  1,271. 

GoRODNiA,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Tchernigov,  cap.  dist.  with  1,700  inhabs. 

GoHODOK,  several  towns,  &c.,  Russia. 

1,  gov.  Vitebsk.      P.  1,700. II. 

{G.  Borisov),  gov.  Moscow. —  Gorodok  is' 
the  name  of  several  villa.,  gov.  Minsk. 

GoROGUEA,  a  river  of  Brazil,  joins  the 
Parahiba,  95  m.  N.N.W.  Oeiras,  after  a 
N.E.  course  of  320  m. 

GoROKHOv,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Vladimir,  cap.  dist.,  on  the  Kliazma.  P. 
2,400. 

GoRBEDYK,  a  market  town,  Nether- 
lands, prov.  Friesland.     P.  1,700. 


got] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


339 


GoHREVOD,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Ain.     P.  1,783. 

GoRRON,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Mayenne,  cap.  cant.,  with  1,634  in- 
habitants. 

GoRT,  a  market  town  of  Ireland,  Con- 
naught,  CO.  Galway.     P.  3,056. 

GoRucKPOOR,  a  dist.  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal.     Area,  9,520  sq.  m. 

GoRZE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Moselle,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,763. 

GosARLY,  a  considerable  town  of  Hin- 
dostan,  Macherry  dom. 

Goshen,  t.,  Litchfield  co.  Conn.  Cele- 
brated for  its  cheese.    P.  1,457. II.  t., 

Sullivan  CO.  N.  H.     P.  779. III.  t., 

Hampshire  co.  Mass.    P.  556. IV.  t., 

Addison  co.  Vt.  P.  621. V.  p-t.,  semi- 
cap,  of  Orange  co.  N.  Y.    P.  3,149.    It 

has  a  vill.  of  1,000  inhabs. VI.  t., 

Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio.     P.  1,885. VII. 

p-t.,  Clermont  co.  Ohio.     P.  1,442. 

VIII.  t.,  Belmont  co.  Ohio.   P.  1,880. 

IX.  t..  Champaign  co.  Ohio.     P.  1,407. 

X.  t.,  Columbiana  co.  Ohio.   P.  1,892. 

XI.  p-v.,  cap.  Eckhart  co.  la. 

GosiER,  or  GoziER  (Le),  a  maritime 
vill.  of  the  isl.  Guadaloupe,  Pitre,  on  the 
little  Cul-de-Sac.     P.  3,242. 

GosLAR,  a  town,  Hanover,  on  an  afflu- 
ent of  the  Ocker.  at  the  N.E.  foot  of  the 
Harz.    P.  7,179.' 

GospicH,  a  market  town  of  Austrian 
Croatia,  military  frontier.     P.  1,000. 

GospoRT,  a  seaport  town  of  England, 
CO.  Hants. 

GospoRT,  a  vill.,  Virginia,  on  Eliza- 
beth river,  opposite  to  Norfolk.  P.  504. 
The  U.  States  have  here   a  large  navy 

yard, II.  a  township,  N.  Hampshire, 

CO.  Rockingham,  8  m.  from  Portsmouth, 
including  the  isles  of  Shoals. 

Gosselies,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Hainault,  cap.  cant.     P.  4,686. 

GossNiTz,  a  vill.  of  Central  Germany, 
duchy  Saxe-Altenburg,  on  the  Pleisse. 
P.  1,528. 

GosTYN,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland. 
P.  2,320. — Gostynin  is  a  vill.  of.  Russian 
Poland,  gov.  Warsaw.     P.  1,300. 

GoTA,  a  town  of  India,  Sattarah  dom., 
Bejapoor. 

GoTHA,  a  town  of  Central  Germany, 
cap.  principality  Saxe-Gotha,  on  the 
Thuringian  railway.  It  stands  on  the 
declivity  of  a  hill,  &  is  one  of  the  best 
built  towns  in  Germany.     P.  18,874. 

Gotha-Canal,  Sweden,  unites  the 
lakes  Wener  &  Wetter,  &  the  Baltic  sea, 
with  the  Kattegat.     L.  25  m. ;  br.  40  ft. 

GoTHARD  (St.),  a  group  of  mountains, 
in   the   Lepontine    Alps.      The    several 


peaks  of  the  St.  Gothard,  which  are  all 
above  the  snow  line,  vary  in  height  from 
8,750  to  10,900  ft.  The  pass  of  St.  Go- 
thard is  one  of  the  best  &  most  frequented 
routes  across  the  Alps.  The  excellent 
carriage  road  was  completed  in  1832,  it 
is  kept  in  the  best  repair,  &  at  the  sum- 
mit of  the  pass  (6,976  ft.),  5  m.  N.  Ariolo, 
is  the  hospice,  a  commodious  station  for 
travellers.  On  the  N.  slope  is  the  cele- 
brated Devil's  Bridge  across  the  Reuss. 
This  was  the  scene  of  several  combats 
between  the  French  &  Russians  in  1799. 

Gothenburg,  having  W.  the  Skager- 
rack &  Kattegat,  N.  Norway.  Area,  1,801 
sq.  m.     P.  164,974. 

Gothenburg,  a  seaport  city  of  W. 
Sweden,  on  the  Kattegat.  P.  28,758.  It 
consists  of  a  lower  &  an  upper  town  ;  the 
former  in  a  marshy  plain,  &  intersected 
by  canals  ;  the  latter  scattered  over  adja- 
cent rocky  heights.  It  is  well  built.  The 
harbor,  defended  by  3  forts,  has  17  feet 
of  water ;  &  Gothenburg  is,  after  Stock- 
holm, the  most  impojrtant  trading  city  of 
the  kingdom. 

Gothland,  a  former  divis.  of  Sweden. 

II.  an  isl.  of  Sweden,  in  the  Baltic 

sea. 

GoTKEE,  a  small  town  of  Seinde,  on  the 
Indus. 

GoTS  Islands,  the  W.-most  group  of 
Japan,  consisting  of  5  isls.,  &  some  rocks. 

GoTTERN,  two  vills.  of  Pruss.  Saxony. 
P.  of  Old  Gottern,  1,128;  of  Great  Got- 
tern,  1,806. 

GoTTESBERG,  a  towu  of  Pruss.  Silesia. 
P.  2,350. 

GrOTTESGAB,  a  small  mining  town  of 
Bohemia.     P.  1,222. 

GoTTiNGEN,  a  town  of  flan  oyer,  cap. 
princip.  Gottingen,  on  the  Leine.  P. 
10,644.  Its  university,  founded  by  George 
II.,  in  1734,  &  rechartered  in  1836  as  the 
Academia  Georgia,  Augusta,  was,  down 
to  1831,  the  chief  of  the  German  univer- 
sities, &  the  number  of  its  stadents  ave- 
raged 1,481  annually.  In  1845,  it.  had 
only  J333  students.  Connected  with  the 
establishment  are  a  library  of  330,000 
printed  vols.,  &  5,000  MSS. 

GoTTLAND,  an  island  of  the  Baltic,  be- 
longing to  Sweden.  Area,  1,227  sq.  m. 
P.  41.575.  Surface  generally  from  200 
to  300  ft.  above  the  sea.  Principal  town, 
Wisby,  on  the  N.W.  coast. 

GoTTLiEBEN,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Thurgau. 

GoTTOLENGO,  a  viU.  of  Lombardy.  P. 
(with  comm.)  3,300. 

GoTTORF,  an  amt.  of  Denmark,  duoby 
Schleswig. 


340 


CTCLOP-EDIA    OF    GEOaRAPHY. 


[grA 


Gottska-Sandoe,  a  small  island  in 
the  Baltic,  belonging  to  Sweden.  L.  5 
m. ;  br.  3  m. 

GouDA,  a  towiu  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  S.  HolJand,  on  the  Yssel,  at  the 
influs  of  the  Gouw.    P.  14,451. 

Gough's  Island,  an  isl ,  S.  Atlantic. 

GouKEKA,  (Lake),  Ga.,isbetw.  lat.  40° 
9'  40''  &  40°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  45°  E.  L.  N.W. 
to  S.E.  47  m. ;  br.  varies  from  6  to  21  m. 
Height  above  the  sea,  5,300  fset. 

Goulburn's  Islands,  two  small  isls., 
off  the  N.  coast  of  Australia. 

GouR,  a  ruined  city  of  Hindostan,  an- 
ciently the  cap.  of  Bengal.  Its  remains, 
with  those  of  its  suburbs,  extend  along  a 
dry  channel  of  the  Ganges,  being  scat- 
tered over  an  estimated  area  of  20  sq.  m., 
on  which  only  a  few  straggling  villages 
now  exist. 

GouEDON,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Lot,  cap.  arrond.     P.  2,703. 

GouRiN,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan.     P.  3,719. 

GotTRNAY,  a  comdi.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine  Inf,  cap.  cant,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Epte.     P.  2,540. 

GouvEA,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov. 
Beira.     P.  1,700. 

GouvERNEUR,  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co. 
N.  Y.  P.  2,783.  The  v.  on  Oswegatchie 
riv.,  contains  the  "  Gouverneur  Wesleyan 
Seminary." 

GouzEACouRT,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Nord.    P.  2,350. 

Gov  EN,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
lUe-et-Vilaine.     P.  2,020. 

Governor's  Island,  in  New  York 
harbor,  about  1  m.  S.  the  battery.  Area, 
70  acres.  It  has  two  strong  forts,  &  could 
contain  a  garrison  of  800  men. 

GovoNE,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  div.  Coni, 
prov.  Alba,  cap.  mand.,  near  the  Tanaro. 
P.  with  comm.,  2,838. 

GowER,  a  peninsula  of  S.  Wales.  L. 
15  mr'P.  10,000. 

-GowRAN,  a  small  mkt.  town  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  co.  Kilkenny.     P.  1,169. 

GoYANNA,  a  city  of  Brazil,  prov.  Per- 
nambuco,  cap.  dist.,  on  the  Goyanna  riv. 
P.  5,000. 

GoYAz,  the  central  prov.  of  Brazil,  ex- 
tending between  lat.  8°  &  20°  S.,  &  Ion. 
46°  &  52°  W.  Area  estimated  at  318,- 
000  sq.  m.     P.  72,592. 

GoYAz,  a  city  of  Brazil,  cap.  prov. 
same  name.  It  is  situated  nearly  in  the 
centre  of  the  empire.  Chief  buildings, 
the  governor's  palace,  &  two  bridges 
across  the  river  Vermelho,  which  divides 
the  town  in  two  parts. 

Gozo,  one  of  the   Maltese  group  of 


islands  in  the  Mediterr.  L.  9  m.;  br. 
4^  m.  P.  16,000.  Babato,  its  chief  town, 
is  situated  near  the  centre. 

Graaf-Reinet,  a  division  of  Cape 
Colony,    S.  Africa.     Area,    8,000  sq.    m. 

P.  8,878 II.  town,  on  Sunday  river. 

P.  2,500. 

Grabow,   several  towns  of  Germany, 

&c. 1.  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  on  the 

Elde.     P.  5,130. 11.  Prussian  Poland, 

reg.  Posen,  on  the  Prosna.     P.  1,490. 

Grabusa,  a  small  island,  Grecian  ar-- 
chipelago,  off  the  N.W.  extremity  of 
Crete.       -- 

Gracay,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Cher,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,105. 

Gracias-a-Dios,  a  town  of  Central 
America,  state  Honduras,  &  peopled, 
some  years  ago,  by  about  400  families. 

Graciosa,  one  of  the  Azores  islands, 
Atlantic.  L.  20  m. ;  br.  6  m.  P.  12,000. 
Principal  town  Santa  Cruz.  P.  3,000. 
II.  the  most  N.E.  of  the  Canary  isls. 

Gradachatz,  a  town  of  European 
Turkey,  Bosnia,  cap.  dist. 

Gradignan,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Gironde.     P.  1,650. 

Gradiska,  a  fortified  town  of  Euro- 
pean Turkey,  Bosnia,  on  rt.b.  of  the  Save. 
P.  2,299. — Neu  Gradiska  is  a  mkt.  ttfwn, 
P.  2,000. 

Gradista,  a  vill.  of  Europ.  Turkey, 
Albania,  sanj.  Valona. 

Grado,  a  maritime  town  of  Illyria, 
gov.  Triest,  circ.  Gorizia.  on  an  island 
near  the  head  of  the  Adriatic.     P.  2,200. 

Gr^esoe,  an  island  of  Sweden,  in  the 
gulf  of  Bothnia. 

Ghafenberg,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ. 

Fpper   Franeonia.      P.    1,039. II.  a 

mkt.  town  of  Lower  Austria. —  Grqfen- 
dorf  is  a  vill.  of  Upper  Austria,  &  Gra- 
fenhain,  a  vill.  of  Saxony. 

Grafenhausen,  a  vill.  of  Baden,  circ. 
Lake.     P.  1,273. 

Grafenhaynchen,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  reg.  Merseburg.     P.  2,670. 

Gkafenthal,  a  town  of  Central  Ger- 
many, Saxe  Meiningen,  cap.  ant.  P. 
1,422. 

Grafentonna,  a  town  of  Central Ger- 
mnny,  Saxe  Coburg.     P.  1,480. 

Grafrath,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia. 
P.  1,595. 

Grafton,  N.W.  county  of  N.  H.  Area, 
1,740  sq.  m.  Cap.  Haverhill.  A  fine 
farming  co.  Extensive  manufs.  P.  42,- 
343. II.  t.,  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  Ex- 
ports isinglass.     P.  1,201. III.  town, 

Windham   co.  Vt.     Soapstone  of  a   fine 

quality  is  found  here.     P.  1,326. IV. 

town,  Worcester  co.  Mass.     P.  3,904. 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


S41 


V.  t.,  Rensselaer  CO.  N.  T.    P.  2,033. 

VI.  (Cape),  E.  Australia,  bounds  Trinity 
bayonilieS. — (Island),  the  most  N.  of 
the  Bashee  isls.,  Philippines,  E.  archi- 
pelago. 

Graglia,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  div. 
Turin,  cap.  mand.     P.  2.875. 

Gragnano,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Napoli,  cap.  cant.     P.  7,200. 

Graham  Land,  a  considerable  extent 
of  continuous  land,  Antarctic  ocean. 

Grahamstown,  a  vill.  of  Scotl.,  co. 
Pienfrew. 

Graham's  Town,  a  town  in  the  E.part 
of  the  Cape  Colony,  S.  Africa,  in  a  valley 
about  25  m.  from  the  ocean.     P.  6,000. 
Graigue,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Leinster, 

Queen's   co.     P.  1,675. II.  a  town, 

CO.  Kilkenny,  also  on  the  Barrow.  P. 
2,248. 

Grain  Coast,  W.  Africa,  is  that  por- 
tion of  Guinea,  W.  of  the  Ivory  coa.st.  It 
comprises  most  part  of  the  territory  of 
Liberia  belonging  to  the  U.  S. 

Graine  (Isle  of),  an  isl.  of  England, 
CO.  Kent. 

Grajewo,    a  small  town  of    Poland, 

prov.  Augustowo,  on  the  Lyk.     P.  1,206. 

Gramat,  a  oomm.  &  town  of  France, 

dep.  Lot,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Alzon.     P. 

1,788. 

Grammichele,  a  town  of  Sicily,  intend. 
Catania.     P.  7,900. 

Grammont,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Bel- 
gium, prov.  B.  Flanders,  cap.  cant.,  on  the 
Dender.     P.  7,364. 

Grampians,  a  celebrated  mntn.  chain 
in  Scotland,  forming  the  natural  rampart 
which  separates  the  Highlands  from  the 
Lowlands. II.  a  mntn.  range  of  Aus- 
tralia, Victoria,  stretching  crescent-wise 
N.  &  S.  Height  of  Ml.  William,  its  cen- 
tral, loftiest,  &  most  E.  peak,  4,500  ft. 

Gran,  a  navigable  river  of  N.W.  Hun- 
gary, joins  the  Danube  after  a  course  of 
130  m. II.  a  royal  free  city  of  Hun- 
gary, cap.  CO.  of  same  name,  with  a  steam- 
packet  station  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Danube. 
P.  12,170.  It  was  once  the  finest  city  of 
Hungary,  &  is  still  the  residence  of  its 
prince-primate. 

Ghana,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Coruna, 
&  near  the  mouth  of  its  harbor,  on  1.  b. 
of  the  river  Ferrol,  with  1,580  inhabs. 

Ghana,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  div.  Ales- 
sandria.   P.  1,363. 

Granada,  an  old  prov.  &  formerly  a 
kngdm.  of  Spain,  Andalucia,  bounded  S. 
by  the  Mediterranean.  Area,  9,622  sq. 
m.  P.  234,789.  The  Sierra  Nevada  trav- 
erses ifs  centre,  &  rises  in  MuUhacen 
to  lljCGO  ft.  in  height.     The  kingdom  of 


Granada,  the  last  possession  of  the  Moora 
in  Spain,  was  conquered  by  Ferdinand  <fc 

Isabella  in  1492. II.  a  city  of  Sp.ain, 

cap.  of  a  prov.,  &  formerly  of  a  kingdom, 
&  the  anc.  metropolis  of  the  Moors  in 
Spain,  on  the  Genii,  at  the  influx  of  the 
Darro.  P.  70,025.  In  the  time  of  the 
Moors  it  is  said  to  have  had  half  a  mil- 
lion inhabitants.  It  has  a  most  pictur- 
esque appearance,  still  entirely  .resem- 
bling a  Mohammedan  city.  Granada  has 
a  university,  6  colleges,  academies  of 
mathematics  &  design,  several  hospitals, 
manufs.  of  silk  &  hats,  paper  mills,  royal 
nitre  &  gunpowder  factories,  &  some  trade 
in  oil,  &c. III.  a  city  of  Central  Am- 
erica, state  &  30  m.  N.N.W.  Nicaragua, 
on  the  N.W.  shore  of  the  lake.  P.  10,- 
000.(7)  It  is  the  seat  of  a  flourishing 
trade  in  cacao,  indigo,  Nicaragua  wool, 
&  hides  which  are  exported. 

Granada  (New),  one  of  the  republics 
of  S.  America,  mostly  between  the  equa- 
tor &  lat.  12°  N.,  &  Ion.  68°  &  82°  W., 
having  E.  Venezuela,  S.  Ecuador,  W. 
the  Pacific,  N.'the  Caribbean  sea,  &  N.W. 
the  Central  American  state  Costa-Rica. 
Its  territory  comprises  the  isthmus  of 
Darien.  Estimated  area,  369,600  sq.  m., 
&  p.  1,686,000.  The  Andes,  near  the 
Ecuador  frontier,  diverge  into  three  Cor- 
dilleras, which  traverse  the  W.  &  settled 
half  of  New  Granada,  from  S.  to  N.,  en- 
closing the  basins  of  its  principal  rivers. 
Besides  the  great  lake  of  Maracaybo, 
there  are  many  other  lakes,  N.  &  W.  the 
mntns.  The  plains  yield  large  supplies 
of  jerked  beef  &  hides.  Gold  is  found; 
platinum,  silver,  copper,  iron,  tin,  lead, 
emeralds,  &  rock-salt  abound.  Manufs. 
are  limited  to  coarse  woollen  &  cotton 
stuffs.  The  average  annual  value  of  the 
trade  is  estimated  at  1,600,000Z.  Princi- 
pal commercial  ports  are  Cartagena, 
Santa  Martha,  Panama,  &  Chagres.  The 
country  is  divided  into  5  deps.  of  Cun- 
dinamarca,  Magdalena,  the  Isthmus, 
Cauca,  &  Boyaca.  After  the  cap.  Bogo- 
ta, the  principal  towns  are  Medellin, 
Mompox,  Quibdo,  &  the  ports  before  men- 
tioned. Public  rev.  2,200,545  dolls.  New 
Granada  was  discovered  by  the  Spaniards 
in'1499,  &  the  first  settlement  was  made 
at  the  gulf  of  Darien  in  1510.  In  1811 
this  republic  was  established. 

Granadella,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Lerida,  N.  of  the  Ebro.     P.  1,714. 

Granadilla,  a  town  in  the  Spanish 
colony  of  the  Canaries,  on  the  S.  side  of 
isl.  Teneriffe.     P.  2,563. 

Granatula,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov 
Ciudad  Real.     P.  1,972. 


342 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[ORA 


Gbanby,  t.,  Essex  co.  Vt.  P.  105. 

II.  t.,  Hampshire  co.  Mass.     P.  971. 

III.  t,  Hartford  co.  Conn.     P.  2,498. 

IV.  p-t.,  Oswego  CO.  N.  Y.    P.  3,368. 

V.  t.,  Marion  co.  0.     P.  605. 

Grand,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Vosges.    P.  1,314. 

Grandas-de-Salime,  a  vill.  of  Spain, 
prov.  Oviedo,  on  the  Navia.     P.  1,426. 

Grand  Blanc,  t.,  Genesee  co.  Mich. 
P.  782. 

Grand-Bourg,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Creuse,  arrond.  Gueret.  P. 
2,464. II.  a  town,  Marie-Galante. 

Grand  Canal,  Ireland,  Leinster,  pro- 
ceeds from  Dublin  W.-ward,  &  joins  the 
Shannon  near  Banagher.  L.  85  m. ;  b. 
at  surface  40  ft.  ;  depth  6  ft.  Begun  in 
1765,  &  completed  at  a  total  cost  of 
2,000,000/.  Ann.  amount  of  tolls,  40,000Z. 

Grand-Champ,  acomm.  &t.  of  France^ 
dep.  Morbihan,  cap.  cant.      P.  4,797. 

Grandcour,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Vaud,  near  the  lake  of  Neuchatel. 

Grand-Fontaine,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Vosges.     P.  1,623. 

Grand  Gulf,  p-v.,  Claiborne  co.  Miss., 
on  Grand  gulf,  a  remarkable  bend  in  the 
Miss.     P.  1,000. 

Grand  Haven,  p-v.,  cap.  Ottawa  co. 
Mich.,  on  Grand  river,  i  m.  from  its  en- 
trance into  Lake  Michigan. 

Grand  Isle,  N.W.  county,  Vt.  Area, 
80  sq.  m.  It  consists  chiefly  of  2  large 
islands  in  Lake  Champlain.     Cap.  North 

Hero.  P.  4,145. II.  t.,  Grand  Isle  co. 

Vt.     P.  724. 

Grand  Island,  New  York,  is  in  Nia- 
gara riv.,  3  m.  above  the  Falls.    It  is  9 

m.  long  by  6  m.  broad. II.  an  isl.  of 

Brazil,  S.  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Grand  Lieu,  a  lake  of  France,  dep. 
Loire  Inf.    L.  8  m. ;  av.  b.  4  m. 

Grand  Luce,  a  comm.  &  t.  of  France, 
dep.  Sarthe,  cap.  cant.     P.  2,316. 

Grand  Pre,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ardennes,  cap.  cant.,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Aire.     P.  1,300. 

Grand  River,  Michigan,  rises  near 
centre  of  state,  &  after  a  W.  course  of 
150  m.,  enters  Lake  Michigan  ;  nav.  for 

40  m.,    &   floats   240   m. II.  a   river 

rising  in  Iowa,  &  flowing  S.E.  through 
Missouri,   into  the    Missouri    river.      L. 

200  m.,  for  100  va.  of  which  it  is  nav. 

III.  t.,  Carroll  co.  Mo.     P.  1,064. IV. 

t.,  Henry  co.  Mo.   P.  999. 

Grand-Serre  (Le),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Drome,  cap.  e<int.,  with 
1,785  inhabs. 

Grandb-Anse,  a  vill.  Js  pa.  of  Mar- 
tinique, on  its  N.  coast. 


Grande-Chartreuse  (Le),  a  famous 
monastery  of  France,  dep.  Is^re,  in  the 
Alps.     It  was  founded  in  1084. 

Grande  Isle,  the  collective  name  of 
the  isls.  S.  Hero,  N.  Hero,  La  Motte,  & 
the  peninsula  Alburg.  in  the  Lake  Cham- 
plain. 

Grande-Paroisse  (La),  a  comm.  & 
vill.  of  France,  dep.  Seine-et-Marne,  near 
rt.  b-.  of  the  Seine.     P.  1,256. 

Grande-Riviere,  various  rivers  of 
British  America,  U.  States,  Hayti,  & 
Zanguebar. 

Grandes  Ventes  (Les),  a  comm.  & 
vill.  of  France,  dep.  Seine  Inf.     P.  2,043. 

Grandola,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov. 
Estremadura,  on  the  Davino.     P.  2,185. 

Ghandhieu,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Lozere,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,504. 

Grandson,  a  small  town  of  Switzer- 
land, cant.  Vaud,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake 
Neuchatel.     P.  1,862. 

Grandvilliers,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Oise.     P.  1,861. 

Grane,  a  seaport  town  of  Arabia,  near 
the  head  of  the  Persian  gulf.  P.  10,- 
OOO-C?) 

Grang^irde,  a  vill.  of  Sweden,  with 
some  extensive  iron  works. 

Grange,  several  comms.  &  vills.  of 
France.  The  chief,  dep.  Vosges.  P. 
1,335. 

Grangemouth,  a  seaport  town  of 
Scotl.,  CO.  Stirling,  on  the  Carron,  &  the 
Forth  &  Clyde  canal,  near  the  Firth  of 
Forth.  It  is  well  built,  &  has  a  custom- 
house &  bank. 

Granger,  an  E.  county,  Tenn.  Area, 
320  sq.  m.     Cap.  Rutledge.     P.  12,370. 

II.   p-t.,    Alleghany   co.   N.   Y.     P. 

1,064. III.   p-t.,   Medina  co.  0.    P. 

1,000. 

Granicus,  a  small  but  famous  river  of 
Asia-Minor,  Anatolia,  enters  the  sea  of 
Marmara,  after  a  N.E-ward  course  of 
perhaps  60  m. 

Granja  (La)  de  Torrehermosa,  a 
town  of  Spain,  prov.  Badajos.     P.  2,500. 

Grannoch  (Loch),  a  lake  of  Scotl. 
L.  3  m. ;  br.  J  m. 

Granollers  de  Valls,  a  town  of 
Spain,  prov.  Barcelona.     P.  3,092. 

Gran  Sasso  d'Italia,  a  group  of 
mntns.  in  Naples,  between  the  provs. 
Abruzzo  Ult.  I.  &  II.,  in  which  is  situated 
the  Monte  Cavallo,  or  Monte  Corno,  10,- 
154  feet,  the  highest  point  of  the  Apen- 
nines. 

Grans,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Bouches-du-Rhone.     P.  1,780. 

Granseb,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov. 
Brandenburg.     P.  2,600. 


'v* 


ora] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


343 


Ghakt,  a  N.  county  of  Ky.  Area, 
184    sq.    rn.  '    Cap.    Williamstown.      P. 

6,o31. II.  a  N.  county  of  la.     Area, 

450  sq.  m.     Cap.  Marion.    P.  11,092. 

III.  a  county  of  S.AV.  Wis.  Area,  1,200 
sq.  m.     P.  16,170. 

Grantham,  a  pari.  &  munic.  bor.,  & 
town  of  Engl.,  co.  Lincoln,  on  the  Wi- 
tham.  It  consists  chiefly  of  four  nearly 
parallel  &  some  minor  streets.  Its 
church,  a  fine  edifice  of  the  13th  century, 
has  a  spire  273  feet  in  height,  &  many 
costly  monuments.  The  grammar  school, 
in  which  Sir  Isaac  Newton  received  his 
early  education,  has  an  annual  revenue 

of  QWl. II.  t.,  Sullivan  co.  N.  H.    P. 

1,036. 

Grantley  Harbor,  an  inlet  of  Behr- 
ing  strait,  Russian  Amer. 

Granville,  a  comm.  &  seaport  town  of 
France,  dep.  Manche,  cap.  cant.,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Bosq.  P.  8,315.  It  has  a 
strong  citadel,  a  custom-house,  a  fine 
granite  mole  enclosing  a  small  harbor. 

II.  a  N.  county  of  N.  C.     Area,  828 

sq.  m.  Cap.  Oxford.  Staple  prod,  to- 
bacco &  cotton.  P.  21,249. III.  t.,  Ad- 
dison CO.  Vt.    P.  545. IV.  t.,  Hampden 

CO.  Mass.  P.  1,414. V.  p-t.,  Wash- 
ington CO.  N.  Y.  P.  3,434.  It  has  a  v. 
near  the  Vermont  line. VI.  t.,  Mif- 
flin CO.  Pa.  P.  1,016. VII.  p-t..  Lick- 
ing CO.  0.  1  m.  E.  of  the  v.  is  Granville 
college,  a  Baptist  institution.     P.  1,528. 

Granvilliers,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Oise,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,861. 

Grao,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Spain,  on  the 
Mediterranean,  prov.  Valencia,  of  which 
city  it  is  the  port.     P.  1,420. 

Grasholm,  an  islet,  Orkneys,  S.  Sha- 
pinsay. 

Graslitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circ. 
Elbogen.     P.  4,790. 

Grassano,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Basilicata.     P.  4,000. 

Grass  Lake,  p-t.,  Jackson  co.  Mich. 
II.  riv.,  br.  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Grasse,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 

dep.  Var,  cap.  arrond.    P.  6,706. II. 

La  Grasse  is  a  town,  dep.  Aude,  cap. 
cant.,  with  1,320  inhabs. 

Grassington,  a  small  mkt.  town  of 
England,  co.  York,  W.  Riding.     P.  1,056. 

Grasville,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine  Inf.     P.  8,481. 

Gratchevska,  a  fort  &  vill.  of  Russia, 
gov.  Astrakhan,  on  the  Volga. 

Gratiot,  a  central  co.  of  Mich.  Area, 
576  sq.  m.  (unorganized.) 

Gratis,  a  tnshp.,  Ohio,  92  m.  W.  Co- 
lumbus.    P.  1,931. 

Gsatsanitza,  two  towns  of  Bosnia. 


Gratz,  the  cap.  city  of  Styria,  <fc  one 
of  the  most  important  in  the  Austrian 
empire.  P.  50,000.  With  its  suburbs, 
it  is  about  7  m.  in  circumference,  &  pretty 
well  built.  Its  university,  re-opened  in 
1827.  has  a  library  of  38,500  printed  vols. 
&  7,500  MSS.,  &  in  1842  it  had  28  pro- 

fessor.s  &  942  students. II.  a  town  of 

Austrian  Silesia,  oa  the  Mora. III.  a 

town  of  Prussian  Poland.     P.  3,595. 

IV.  {Bokviisch-  Gratzen),  Bohemia,  with 
1,272  inhabs. 

Graudenz,  a  fortifd.  town  of  W.  Prus- 
sia, on  rt.  b.  of  the  Vistula,  here  crossed 
by  a  bridge  of  boats,  2,700  feet  in  length. 
P.  6,800. 

Graulhet,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn,  cap.  cant.,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Adour. 
P.  2,684. 

Graupen,  a  mining  town  of  Bohemia. 
P.  1,408. 

Graus,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  &  37  m. 
E.  Huesca,  on  the  Sera.    P.  2,400. 

Grave,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  N.  Brabant,  cap.  cant.,  on  1.  b.  of 
the  Maas.     P.  2,486. 

Gravedona,  a  market  town  of  Lom- 
bardy,  &  on  the  W.  shore  of  the  lake. 
P.  3,200. 

Grave  (La),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Alps.     P.  1,886. 

Graveland  (S'),  a  vill.  of  the  Nether- 
lands, prov.  S.  Holland.     P.  1,215. 

Gravelines,  a  comm.  &  strongly  for- 
tified seaport  town  of  France,  dep.  Nord, 
cap.  cant.,  on  the  Aa.     P.  1,838. 

Gravellona,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Pied- 
mont, div.  Novara,  prov.  Lomellina.  P. 
1,914. 

Graves,  a  W.  county  of  Ky.  Area, 
660  sq.m.     Cap.  Mayfie'ld.     P.  11,397. 

Gravesend,  a  munic.  bor.,  river  port, 
&  town  of  England,  co.  Kent,  on  the  rt. 
b.  of  the  Thames.  Former  trade  consisted 
in  supplying  ships  with  stores,  vessels 
from  London  being  obliged,  until  lately, 

to  clear  out  here.     P.  16,635. II.  t., 

Kings  CO.  N.  Y.     Coney  island   lies  in 
front  of  it.     P.  1,064. 

Gravina,  an  episcopal  city  of  Naples, 
prov.  &  on  1.  b.  of  the  Gravina  river.  P. 
8,000. II.  a  port  of  Russian  Amer. 

Gray,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  cap. 
arrond.,   dep.  H.   Saone,  on   1.  b.  of  the 

SaOne.     P.  6,488. II.  t.,   Cumberland 

CO.  Me. III.  t.,    Gasconade   co.    Mo. 

P.  1,074. 

Gray's  Thurrock,  a  mkt.  town  of 
England,  co.  Es.'ex,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the 
Thames.     P.  1,464. 

Grayson,  county  of  W.  Va.  Area, 
927  sq.  m.     Cap.  Greenville.     P-  6,667. 


344 


CYCLOr^DIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[grs 


II.  aW.  CO.  of  Ky.    Area,  800  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Mavfield.    P.  6,837. III.  county, 

Texa.=.  P.  2,008. IV.  p-v.,  cap.  Car- 
ter CO.  Ky. V.  c.  H.,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Gray- 
son CO.  Va. 

Grazalema,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Cadiz.     P.  5,000. 

Greata,  a  small  river  of  England,  co. 
Cumberland. 

Great  Bareington,  t.,  Berkshire  co. 
Mass.     P.  3,264. 

Great  Bend,  p-v.,  Susquehanna  co. 
Pa.     P.  900. 

Great  Crossings,  p-v.,  ScoLt  co.  Ky. 

Great  Fish  Bay,  S.W.  Africa,  is  an 
inlet  of  the  Atlantic. 

Great  Fish  River,  a  considerable 
river  of  S.  Africa,  Cape  Colony,  flows 
S.S.E.-ward,  &  enters  the  Indian  ocean, 
after  a  S.E.  course  estimated  at  230  m. 
II.  a  riv.,  British  N.  America. 

Great  Island,  the  largest  of  the 
Jurneaux  isls.,  in  Bass  strait,  between 
Australia  &  Tasmania.     L.  40  m.;  br. 

12  m. II.  the  largest  island  in  Cork 

harbor,  Ireland,  Munster.  L.  4j  m. ; 
br.  3  m.     P.  10,681.     Beautiful  scenery, 

&  many  handsome  villas. III.  an  islet, 

Leinster,  eo.  Wexford. 

Great  South  Bay,  on  S.  side  of  L.  I., 
is  50  m.  long  &  5  wide.     It  is  navigable. 

Great  Valley,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co. 
N.  Y.    P.  1,638. 

Grebenstein,  a  town  of  Germany, 
Hessen-Cassel,  prov.  Nieder-Hessen.  P. 
2,455. 

Greding,  a  small  town  of  Bavaria, 
circ.  Middle  Franconia.     P.  1,075. 

Greece,  ancient  Gracia,  a  country 
of  S.  Europe,  situated  between  lat.  36° 
23'  &  39°  30'  N.,  &  Ion.  20°  45'  &  26°  E., 
bounded  N.  by  European  Turkey,  from 
the  gulf  of  Volo  to  the  gulf  of  Arta,  W. 
by  the  Ionian  sea  &  isls.,  S.  by  the 
Mediterranean  &,  the  island  of  Crete,  & 
E.  by  the  MgoaJi  sea,  which  separates  it 
from  Asia.  It  is  composed  of  a  conti- 
nental portion,  divided  into  three  parts  : — 
1,  Hellas  on  the  N.  (the  former  Turkish 
prov.  of  Livadia)  ;  &  2,  theMorea  on  the 
S.  (formerly  the  Turkish  prov.  Tripolitza); 
&  3,  numerous  islands.  The  area  is 
estimated  at  18,244  sq.  m.  P.  856,470. 
Principal  mountain  chain,  that  of  Pindus. 
Another  chain  extends  from  Cape  Mar- 
athon in  the  channel  of  the  Egripos,  "\T. 
to  the  Morea.  The  centre  of  the  Morea 
forms  an  elevated  table-land,  enclosed 
by  three  mountain  chains.  The  onlj' 
extensive  lake  is  Topolais,  ancient  Copais, 
between  Thebes  &  Boeotia.  Climate  tem- 
perate.     The  principal  resource  of  the 


inhabitants  of  Greece  has  always  been  in 
maritime  commerce,  &  this  has  lately 
begun  to  revive,  especially  with  Turkey. 
The  principal  ports  are  Athens  (the 
Piraeus),  Patras,  Nauplia,  Syra,  Kala- 
mata,  &  Navarino.  The  pop.  belong  to 
the  ancient  Greek  race  in  the  W.  of  the 
continental  portion  &  E.  of  Parnassus  ;  in 
the  Morea  the  same  race  prevails,  but 
here  it  is  more  mixed.  The  p.  of  the 
islands  is  a  mixture  of  Albanians  & 
Greeks.  Greece  was  erected  into  a  king- 
dom under  Otho,  second  son  of  the  king 
of  Bavaria,  30th  August,  1832.  The 
chief  educational  establishments  are,  the 
university  at  Athens  :  5  gymnasia,  at 
Athens,  Syra,  Nauplia,  Patras  &  Hydra ; 
a  normal,  polytechnic,  military,  &  a  naval 
school.      Public   expenditure  661,104Z.  ; 

revenue  554,972Z. ;  deficit  106,132/. 

II.  p-t.,  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.     P.  4,219. 

Green  Bay,  a  large  inlet,  N.W.  side 
of  Lake  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  with  Tra- 
verse islands  at  its  entrance.  L.  N.E.  to 
S.W.  90  m. ;  br.  from  15  to  30  m.    It  is 

navigable  for  vessels  of  200  tons. II- 

p-v.,  Brown  co.  Wis.     P.  1,923: 

Green  Brier,  a  county  of  W.  Va. 
Area,  1,493.  Gap.  Lewisburg.  P.  10,022. 
— —II.  r.,  a  br.  of  the  Great  Kenhawa. 

Greenburgh,  t.,  Westchester  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  4,291. 

Greenbush,  p-t.,  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  4,945. 

Greencastle,  p-b.,  Franklin  co.  Pa. 

II.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Putnam  co.  N.  Y. 

III.  harbor  of  Ireland,  Ulster. 

Greene,  an  E.  county  of  N.  Y.  Area, 
583    sq.   m.     Cap.    Catskill.   .  Extensive 

manufs.     P.   33,126. II.   a  S.W.  co. 

of  Pa.  Area,  576  sq.  m.  Cap.  Waynes- 
burg.     Distilleries  &  manufs.  of  woollens 

&  leather.     P.  22,136. III.  a  central 

CO.  of  Va.  Area,  190  sq.  m.  Cap.  Stan- 
nardsville.    Staple  produce,  tobacco.     P. 

4,400. IV.  an  E.  county,  N.  C.    Area, 

^  240  sq.  m.  Cap.  Snow  Hill.  Exports,  rice, 

cotton,  pitch,  &  tar.    P.  6,619. V.  a 

N.E.  county  of  Ga.  Area,  504  sq.  m- 
Cap.  Greensboro.  Staple  produce,  cotton- 

P.  13,063. VI.  a  W.  county  of  Ala. 

Area,  836.     Cap.  Eutaw.    Staple,  cotton. 

P.  31,441.^ VII.  a  S.E.  county  of  Miss. 

Area,  864  sq.  m.     Cap.  Leakesville.     P. 

2,018. VIII.  an  E.  co.  of  Tenn.    Area, 

700  sq.  m.     Cap.  Greenville.     P.  17,824. 

IX.  a  central  co.  of  Ky.     Area,  460 

sq.  m.  Cap.  Greensburg.  Staple  produce, 

tobacco.     P.  9,060. X.  a  S.W.  co.  of 

0.  Area,  400  sq.  m.  Cap.  Xenia.  A 
fine  farming  eo.  Various  manufs.  P. 
21,946. XI.  a  S.W.  co.  of  la.     Area, 


sre] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


345 


456  sq.  m.     Cap.  Bloomfield.    P.  12,313. 

XII.  a  W.  county  of  III.     Area,  912 

sq.  m.     Cap.  CarroUton.     P.  12,429.— 

XIII.  a  S.W.  CO.  of  Mo.     Area,  1,000 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Springfield.    P.  13.7S5. 

XIV.  a  S.  CO.  of  Wis.     Area,  576  sq.  m. 
Copper  &  lead  are  found  in  this  co.    Cap. 

iVluuroe.    P.  8,563. XV.  a  N.E.  co.  of 

Ark.      Cap.  Gaines^'ille.     P.  2,593. 

XVI.  t.,  Kennebec  oo.  Me.    P.  1,406. 

XVII.  p-t,  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.    P.  3,462. 

The  V.  is  on  the  canal. XVIII.  t., 

Indiana  co.   Pa.     P.  2,321.-^XIX.  t., 
Beaver   co.   Pa.     P.    1,500.^ — XX.   t., 

Franklinco.  Pa.     P.  2,518. XXI.  t., 

Harrison  co.  0.     P.  1,467. XXII.  t., 

Adams  co.  0.     P.  1,086. XXIII.  t., 

Clark  CO.   0.     P.    1,059. XXIV.  t., 

Clinton   co.    0.     P.   1,833. XXV.  t., 

Columbiana  co.  0.     P.  1^612. XXVI. 

t.,  Gallia  CO.  0.    P.  1,047. XXVII.  t., 

Hocking  co.  0.    -P.  1,189. XXVIII. 

t.,  Fayette  co.   0. XXIX.  t.,  AVayne 

CO.  0.     P.  1,751. XXX.  t.,  Iowa  co. 

Wis. XXXI.  t.,  Hancock  co.  la. 

Greenfield,   t.,  Hillsboro   co.  N.  H. 

P.  834. II.  t.,  cap.   of  Franklin  co. 

Mass.     Various  manufs.     P.  2,580.     It 

has  a  fine  v. III.  U,  Saratoga  co.  N.Y. 

P.  2,890. IV.  t.,  Luzerne  co.  Pa.     P. 

1,430. V.  t.,  Bedford  co.  Pa.  P.  1,830. 

VI.  t.,  Fairfield  co.  0.   P.  2,138. 

VII.  t.,    Huron  co.   0.     P.    1,460. 

VIII.  t.,  Wayne  co.  Mich.     P.  800. 
Geeenholm,  one  of  the  Shetland  isls. 

II.  two  islets  of  the  Orkneys. 

Green  Island,  Hudson  strait,  100  m. 

ISr.W.  Cape   Chudleigh. II.  Russian 

America,  at  the  entrance  of  Pr.  William 

sound. III.  Jamaica,  off  its  W.  coast, 

in  Green  isl.  harbor. 

Greenland,  an  extensive  regionj  N.E. 
America,  belonging  to  Denmark,  having 
W.  Baffin  bay  &  Davis  strait,  S.  &  S.B. 
the  Atlantic,  &  on  other  sides  the  Arctic 
ocean.  P.  8,000,  all  Esquimaux,  except 
about  150  Europeans.  Surface  rocky,  & 
barren ;  the  elevated  parts  covered  with 
eternal  snow.  The  natives,  or  E.squi- 
maux,  are  a  peculiar  race,  allied  to  the 
Mongolian  family.  The  region  was  first 
discovered  by  a  Norwegian  in  981,  &  soon 
after  colonized  from  Iceland.  Principal 
vills.,  Frederick's  harbor,  Julian's  har- 
bor, &  Good  Hope. 

Greenlaw,  a  small  town  ofScotl.,  cap. 
CO. Berwick,  on  the  Blackadder.    P.  1,355. 

Green  Mountains,  commence  near 
New  Haven,  Conn.,  &  extend  northward 
through  that  state,  Massachusetts,  & 
Vermont.  Their  loftiest  summits  have 
an  elevation  of  upwards  of  4,000  feet. 
15* 


Greenock,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Renfrew,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  firth  of 
Clyde.  It  stands  chiefly  on  a  level  strip 
of  land,  but  partly  stretches  up  an  abrupt 
height  commanding  noble  views.  P. 
36,715.  It  has  extensive  water  power. 
Its  docks  are  among  the  largest  in  Brit- 
ain. Sugar  refining  is  practised  to  a 
greater  e.\tent  than  elsewhere  in  Britain, 
except  London. 

Greenore,  a  headland  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  co.  Louth,  on  the  side  of  Car- 
lingford  bay. 

Green  Port,  a  small  seaport,  N.  T., 
near  the  N.E.  end  of  Long  Island.  P. 
1,161. —  Green  River  is  an  afiluent  of  the 
Ohio,  Kentucky.  Joins  the  Ohio  after  a 
W.N.W.  course  of  about  300  m.,  for  two 
thirds  of  which  it  is  navigable  for  boats. 

Greensboro,  t.,  Orleans  co.  Vt.  P.  883. 

II.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Guildford  co.  N.  C. 

III.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Greene  co.  Ga. 

IV.  t.,  Henry  co.  Indiana.    P.  1,100. 

V.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Choctaw  co.  Miss. 
Greensburg,  p-b.,  cap.  Westmoreland 

CO.  Pa.     P.  800. II.  p-v.,  cap.  of  St. 

Helena  pa.  La. III.  p-v.,  cap.  Decatur 

CO.  la.     P.  1,000. 

Green's  Fork,  t.,  Randolph  co.  la. 
P.  1,573. 

Greenup,  a  N.E.  co.  of  Ky.  Area,  786 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Greenupsburg.     P.  9,654. 

Greenupsburg,  p-v.,cap.  of  the  above 
CO.     P.  300. 

Greenville,  a  co.  of  E.  Va.     Area, 

325  sq.m.    Cap.  Hicksford.    P.  5,639. 

II.  dist.,  S.  C,  in  the  N.W.  part  of  the 
state.     Area,  705  sq.  m.    Cap.  Greenville. 

Various  manufs.    P.  20,156. III.  p-t, 

Greene  co.  N.  Y.     P.  2,242. IV.  p-v., 

Augusta  CO.  Va.   P.  300. V.  p-v.,  cap. 

of  Pitt  CO.  N.  C. VI.  p-v.,  cap.  Merri- 

weather  co.  Ga. VII.  p-v.,  cap.  Butler 

CO.   Ala. VIII.    p-v.,   cap.  Clark  co. 

Ark. IX.  p-v.,  cap.  Greene  co.  Tenn. 

Greenville  college  is  located  here,  one 
of    the    oldest    institutions    W.    of    the 

AUeghanies. X.   p-v.,    cap.  Muhlen- 

burg   CO.  Ky. XI.  p-v.,    cap.  Darke 

CO.    Ohio.     P.  500. XII.    p-v.,    cap. 

Bond  CO.  111.^ XIII.  p-v.,  Wayne  co. 

Mo. XIV.  c.  H.  p-v.,  cap.  Greenville 

dist.  S.  C,  near  the  head  of  Reedy  riv. 
P.  100. 

Greenwich,  t.,  Hampshire  co.  Mass. 
P.  824. II.  t.,  Fairfield  co.  Conn.,  incor- 
porated by  the  Dutch  in  1665.  P.  5,036. 
— III.  p-t.,  Washington  co.  N.Y.  P.  3,803. 

IV.   t.,  Warren  co.  N.  J.     P.  2,902. 

Y.  t.,  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.     P.  2,958. 

VI.  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.  N.  J.  P.  918 

VII.  t,  Berks  co.  Pa,    P.  1,629. 


346 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHV. 


[gri 


VIII.   p-t.,  Huron   co.   Ohio.     P.  1,116. 

IX.  a  town  of  England,  co.  Kent,  on 

the  S.  bank  of  the  Thames.  Its  chief 
edifice  is  the  magnificent  naval  hospital. 
This  hospital  contains  dormitories  & 
dining-halls  for  about  2,700  old  or  dis- 
abled seamen.  P.  99,404. — 'Greenwick 
island,  New  S.  Shetland. 

Greenwood,    t.,   Oxford  co.  Mo.     P. 

836. II.  p-t.,  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.     P. 

1,185. III.  t.,  Columbia   co.  Pa.     P. 

1,217. IV.   t.,   Crawford  co.  Pa.      P. 

1,171. V.  t.,  Juniata  co.  Pa.  P.  1,237. 

Gregg,  town.  Centre  county,  Pa.  P. 
1,071. 

Gbegoire  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
Trance,  dep.  Ille-et-Vilaine.     P.  1,237. 

Ghegorio  (San),  a  market  town  of 
Naples,  prov.  princip.  Citra.  P.  4,000. — 
A  vill.,  prov.  T.  di  Lavoro,  an  island  of 
Dalmatia,  &  a  bay  of  Patagonia,  have 
this  name. 

Greifenberg,  several  towns,  Prussia. 

1,  prov.   Pomerania,  on  1.  b.  of  the 

Eega.     P.  4,470. II.  Silesia,   on   the 

Quei-s.  P.  2,720. III.  prov.  Branden- 
burg, on  the  Sarnitz.     P.  1,300. 

Greif'enstein,  several  vills.  of  Ger- 
many.  I,   Rhenish   Prussia. II. 

Lower  Austria,  on  the  Danube.— — III. 
Prussian  Saxony. 

Greiffenhagen,  a  town  of  the  Prus- 
sian prov.  Pomerania,  near  the  Oder.  P. 
6,000. 

Greifswalde,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov. 
Pomerania,  on  the  Ryek,  near  its  mouth, 
in  the  Baltic.  P.  11,420.  It  is  enclosed 
by  walls,  &  has  a  harbor  fitted  for  small 
vessels,  &  a  university,  founded  1456, 
with  a  library  of  20,000  vols. —  Greifs- 
wald-cB  is  an  islet  in  the  Baltic  sea,  9  m. 
S.E.  Riigen. 

Greig,  to\yn,  Lewis  county,  N.  Y.  P. 
1,074. 

Grein,  a  considerable  town  of  Arabia, 
on  the  Wady  Doan. 

Greitz,  a  town  of  Cetrtral  Germany, 
cap.  principality  Reups-Greitz,  on  rt.  b. 
of  the  White  Elster.     P.  6,215._ 

Grenaae.  a  marit.  town  of  Denmark, 
prov.  Jutland.     P.  1,000. 

Grenada,  a  West  India  isl ,  belonging 
to  Great  Britain,  windward  group.  Lat. 
of  St.  Georgo  12°  2'  9"  N. ;  Ion.  61°  48' 
W.  Area,  138  sq.  m.  P.  23,923.  Chief 
towns,  St.  George  the  c.ip.,  Charlotte- 
towuj  St.  Mark,  &,  St.  Andrew. 

Grenade,    two    comms.   &    vills.    of 

France. 1,  dep.   Garonno,  cap.   caufc. 

P.  2,783. II.  dep.  Landes,  cap.  cant. 

P.  1,442. 

Grenadines,  a  group  of  islands,  W. 


Indies,  belonging  to  Great  Britain,  ex- 
tending from  lat.  12°  30'  to  13°  N.,  & 
con.--i-iting  of  Bequia,  Carriacou,  &  Union, 
besides  some  smaller  islands. 

Geendelbruch,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  B.  Rhin.     P.  1,575. 

Grenelle,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Saine.     P.  3,938. 

Grenna,  a  small  town  of  Sweden,  on 
the  E.  shore  of  L;ike  Wetter. 

Grenoble,  a  oomm.  &  city  of  France, 
cap.  dep.  Isere,  on  both  sides  of  the  Isere. 
P.  23,227.  Town  irregularly  laid  out,  & 
badly  paved,  but  has  many  good  resi- 
dences. Here  is  a  good  public  garden  ; 
&  in  a,  principal  square  is  a  colossal 
bronze  statue  of  the  Chev.  Bayard.  Gre- 
noble is  the  seat  of  a  national  court. 
From  4,000  to  5,000  hands,  in  &  about 
the  city,  are  engaged  in  the  manuf.  of  kid 
gloves. 

Geeoux,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Alpes.     P.  L340. 

Gresivaudan,  one  of  the  most  pictur- 
esque &  productive  valleys  of  Franoe, 
dep.  Isere. 

Gressic,  or  Gresik,  a  marit.  town  of 
Java,  on  its  N.E.  coast. 

Gresy,  a  town  of  Upper  Savoy.  P. 
1,441. 

Greta,  a  small  river  of  England,  co. 
York. 

Gretna,  a  vill.  of  Scotland,  co.  Dum- 
fries, on  the  Sark.  P.  1,761,  partly  em- 
ployed as  cotton  weavers. — The  vill.  of 
Gretna  Green,  situated  on  the  boundary 
line  between  Scotland  &  England,  has 
long  been  celebrated  as  the  resort  of  par- 
ties bent  on  clandestine  marriages,  to 
avoid  the  English  marriage  law. 

Greussen,  a  town  of  Central  Germany, 
on  the  Helbe.     P.  2,165. 

GeevenmacTier,  a  town  of  the. Neth- 
erlands, prov.  Luxemburg,  on  the  Mo- 
selle.    P.  2,200. 

Geevisml'hlen,  a  town  of  N.  Ger- 
many, Mccklenburg-Schwerin.    P.  2,660. 

Grevno,  a  town  of  European  Turkey. 

Greystones,  it  headland  of  Irelaud, 
Leinster. 

Grez,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov.  S.  Bra- 
bant, on  r  .  b.  of  the  Dyle.     P.  2,150. 

Grez-en-Bouere,  a  comm.  &  market 
town  of  France,  dep.  Mayenne,  car),  cant. 
P.  1,338. 

Grezzana,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  gov, 
Venice. 

G  RiAzovETZ,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Vologda.     P.  1,900. 

Gribges,  a  coram.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Ain,  P.  1,214. —  Gries  is  a  comm. 
&  vill.,  dep.  B.  Rhin.     P.  1,398. 


OBO] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


347 


Ghies  (Mont),  an  Alpine  summit  be- 
tween Piedmont  &  the  SwLsscant.  Valais. 

Griesheim,  several  vills.  of  Germany. 
1.  Hessen-Darmstadt.     P.  2,859. 

Grieskirchen,  a  small  town  of  Aus- 
tria, oirc.  above  the  Ems.     P.  1,300. 

Grieth,  &  Griethausen,  two  small 
towns  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on  the  Rhine. 

Grignan,  a  comra.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Drunie,  cap.  cant.     P.  2,025. 

Grignano,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  gov. 
Venioe.  P.  1,900. —  Gngiiasco  is  a, covam.. 
&  vill..  Piedmont,  prov.  Novara,  on  the 
Sesia.     P.  1,765. 

Grignasco,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  prov. 
Novara,  near  1.  b.  of  the  Sesia.  P.  1,765. 

Ghignols,  2  comms.  &  vill.  of  France. 

1,    dep.   Dordogne,   cap.   cant.      P. 

1,252. II.   dep.  Gironde,  cap.   cant., 

with  1,773  inhabs. 

Grignon  &  Gbisny,  two  comms.  & 
vills.  of  France,  deps.  Cote  d'Or  &  Rhone. 

Gkigoeiopol,  a  town  of  S.  Russia,  gov. 
Kherson,  on  the  Dniester,  90  m.  from  its 
•mouth.     P.  3,000. 

Geijota,  a  mkt.  town  of  SpaiUj  prov. 
Palencia.     P.  1,100. 

Grimaldi,  a  vill.  of  Naples,  prov.  Ca- 
lab.  Cit.    P.  2,430. 

Gbimaud,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Var,  cap.  cant.  P.     1,320. 

Ghimberghen,  a  vill.  of  Belgium, 
prov.  S.  Brabant.     P.  2,700. 

Grimes,  co.,  Texas.     P.  4,008. 

Grimma,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the 
Mulde.  P.  5,034.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
&  has  a  gymnasium,  manufs.  of  woollen 
stuffs,  starch,  &  mathematical  instru- 
ments. 

Grimmen,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pomera- 
nia,  on  the  Trebel.     P.  2,670. 

Grimsby  (Great),  a  seaport  town  of 
England,  co.  Lincoln.     P.  6,698. 

Ghimsel,  a  mntn.  of  Switzerland,  in 
the  Bernese  Alps. 

Grindelwald,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Bern,  jn  the  Bernese  Oberland, 
3,524  feet  above  the  sea. 

Grisleham,  a  small  seaport  town  of 
Sweden,  on  the  Baltic. 

Gris-nez  (Cape),  a  headl'd  of  France, 
dep.  Pas-de-Calais,  on  the  English  chan- 
nel. 

Grisolles,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep,  Tarn-et-Garonne.     P.  1,758. 

Grisons,  the  most  E.,  &  except  Bern, 
the  largest  canton  in  Switzerland,  cap. 
Chur.  Area,  2,975  sq.  miles.  P.  90,500. 
Scenery  very  magnificent,  &  in  this  cant, 
are  240  glaciers.  Fruits  &■  a  little  wine 
are  exported. 
.  Grissee,    a  Dutch  town  of  Java,  on 


the  N.  coast,  with  a  fine  port  &  an  ac- 
tive trade. 

Gbiswold,  t..  New  London  co.  Conn. 
P.  2,165.  Jewitt  city,  a  manuf.  v.  is  in 
this  t. 

Grita  (La),  a  town  or  vill.  of  Colum- 
bia, Venezuela,  dep.  Zulia,  on  the  Grita, 
an  affl.  of  the  Zulia. 

Gbobzig,  a  town  of  Central  Germany, 
duchy  Anhalt-Dessau.     P.  1,283. 

Grode,  an  islet  of  Denmark,  duchy  of 
Sehleswig. 

Grodek,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
on  a  hill  between  two  lakes.     P.  3,800. 

Grodno,  a  gov.  of  Russia,  mostly 
between  lat.  52°  &  54°  N.,  &  Ion.  24°  & 
26°  E.  Area,  14,705  sq.  m.  P.  907,100. 
About  6,825,000  hectol.  of  rye  are  grown 
annually,  of  which  l-3d  is  exported. 

GRODSto,  a  town  of  Russia,  cap.  gov.  of 
same  name,  on  a  hUl  near  rt.  b.  of  the 
Niemen.     P.  16,000. 

Geoenlo,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Gelderland.     P.  2,262. 

Groitzsch,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circ. 
Leipzig.     P.  2,00L 

Groix,  an  island  off  the  coast  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan,  in  the  Atlantic,  1.  4^  m. 
P.  3,127.     Principal  vill.  St.  Thudy. 

Gromitz,  a  town  of  Denmark,  duchy 
Holstein,  on  the  gulf  of  Llibeck.  P. 
1,000. 

Gronau,  a  town  of  Hanover,  on  the 
Leine.  P.  1,919. II.  a  town  of  Prus- 
sian Westphalia. III.  a  vill.  of  Hes- 

sen-Cassel,  prov.  &  circ.  Hanau. 

Grone,  a  river  of  France,  dep.  Saone- 
et-Loire,  joins  the  Saone.     L.  42  m. 

Groningen,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony.    P.  2,390. II.  a  town  of  Wiir- 

temberg,  circ.  Neckar.     P.  2,674. 

Groningen,  a  town  of  the  Netherl'ds, 
cap.  prov.  same  name,  on  the  Hanse.  P. 
31,000.  It  has  a  university,  founded  1614, 
with  18  professors,  &  303  students.  Its 
port  is  accessible  for  large  vessels  by 
means  of  a  canal. 

Gronsveld,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Limburg.     P.  1,514. 

Grootebroek,  a  vill.  of  the  Nether- 
lands, N.  Holland.     P.  1,200. 

Groote  Eylandt,  the  largest  isl.  in 
the  gulf  of  Carpentaria,  N.  Australia, 
off  its  V/.  coast.  Greatest  1.  &  b.,  40  m. 
each. 

Groote  River,  several  rivers  of  the 
Cape  Colony,  S.  Africa. 

Ghootz0Ndert,  a  vill.  of  the  Nether- 
lands, orov.  N.  Brabant,  on  the  Murk. 
P.  2,800. 

Gropbllo,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  div. 
Novara,  prov.  Lomellina.     P.  2,672. 


348 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY, 


GUU 


G-ROS  BuDEESTOFF,  a  comm.  &  vill. 
of  France,  dep.  Moselle.     P.  2,124. 

Grossalmerode,  a  town  of  Germany, 
Hessen-Cassel,  prov.  Lower  Hessen.  P. 
2,107. 

Gross  Aupa,  a  mining  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, circ.  Koniggratz.     P.  2,426. 

Gross  Beteskeeek,  a  mkt.  town  of 
Hungary,  Torontal  co.    P.  1,223. 

Gboss-Bitesch,  a  fortified  town  of 
Moravia,  circ.  &  31  m.  N.  Znaym.  P. 
2,200. 

Gross  Glockner,  a  pyramidal  shaped 
mountain  in  the  Noric  Alps;  has  two 
peaks,  the  highest  of  which  is  13,100  feet 
in  elevation. 

Ghoss-Kreutz,  a  vill.  of  Prussia, 
prov.  Brandenburg. 

Gross-Meseritsch,  a  town  of  Mora- 
Tia.     P.  3,500. 

Gross- Salza,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, with  2,300  inhabs. 

Ghossenhain,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on 
the  Roder.     P.  6,394. 

Grossenlijder,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ger- 
many, Hessen-Cassel,  pror.  Fulda. 

Grosseto,  a  town  of  Tuscany,  cap. 
of  the  Maremma.    P.  2,500. 

Grossgerau,  a  town  of  Germany,  Hes- 
sen-Darmstadt,  prov.  Starkenburg,  cap. 
circ.    P.  1,996. 

Ghossotto,  a  vill.  of  N".  Italy,  Valtel- 
lina,  on  the  Adda.     P.  1,300. 

Geossrohrsdorf,  a  town  of  Saxony, 
circ.  Dresden,  on  the  Roder.     P.  3,150. 

Grosswardein,  an  anc.  episcopal  city 
of  Hungary,  cap.  co.  Bihar,  on  the  Koros. 
P.  18,276. 

Groton,  t.,  New  London  co.  Conn.,  on 
Thames  riv.  There  is  here  a  granite 
monument  127  ft.  high,  erected  to  com- 
memorate the  patriots  who  defended  this 
place  when  attacked  under  the  traitor 
Arnold  in  Sept.,  1781,  &  who  were  bar- 
barously killed,  mostly  after  they  had 
surrendered.  The  fort  was  commanded 
.  by  Col.  Ledyard,  brother  of  the  celebra- 
ted traveller.  P.  3,654. II.  t.,  Mid- 
dlesex CO.  Mass.     P.   2,137. III.  t., 

Caledonia  co.  Vt.     P.  128. IV.  p-t., 

Tompkins  co.  N.  Y.  P.  3,343.  The  vil- 
lage is  on  an  inlet  to  Owasco  lake. 

Grottaglie,  a  town  of  Naple?,  prov. 
Otranto,  cap.  dist.    P.  5,100 

Grottamare,  a  town  of  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.,  on  the  Adriatic.     P.  4,050. 

Grotta-Minarda,  a  vill.  of  Naples, 
prov.  Princip.  Ult.     P.  2,800. 

Grotte,  a  vill.  of  Sicily,  cap.  cant. 
P.  4,470. 

Grotteria,  a  rill,  of  Naples,  prov. 
Calab.  Ult.  II.,  cap.  cant.    P.  3,600. 


Grottkau,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
cap.  circ.     P.  3,083. 

Grottole,  a  vill.  of  Naples,  prov.  Ba- 
silicata,  on  the  Basiento.     P.  2,300. 

Grotzingen,    two    market  towns  of 

Germ'y. 1.  Baden,  circ.  Middle  Rhine, 

on  the'Pfinz.     P.  2,061. II.  Wiirtem- 

berg,  circ.  Black  Forest.     P.  1,030. 

Grouw,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands,  prov. 
Friesland,  on  the  Grouw.     P.  1,780. 

Groveland,  t.,  Livingston  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  1,724. 

Grubbenvoest,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
Dutch  Limburg,  on  the  Maese.    P.  1,286. 

Grfbe,  a  vill.  of  Denmark,  duchy  Hol- 
stein,  near  the  Baltic  sea.     P.  600. 

Grubenhagen  (Princip.  of),  an  old 
division  of  N.  Germany. 

Grudek,    a  market  town  of  Russian 

Poland,  gov.  Podolia.     P.    2,700. II. 

a  town  of  Austrian  Poland,  Galicia. 

Geugliasco,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  Piedmont.     P.  2,074. 

Gruinard^(Loch),  a  bay  &  islet  of 
Scotland,  on  the    N.W.  coast  of  the   co. 

Ross. II.  an  inlet  on  the  N.W.  coast 

of  the   isle  of  Islay,  co.  Argyle. 

Gruissan,  a  comm.  &  seaport  vill.  of 
S.  France,  dep.  Aude.     P.  2,510. 

Grulich,  the  most  E.  town  of  Bohemia. 
P.  2,490. 

Geumbach,  2  vills.  of  Germany,  doms. 
Baden  &  Reus. —  Grumberg  is  a  vill.  of 
Moravia. 

Grumello,  two  vills.  of  N.  Italy. 

L  deleg.  Cremona.  P.  1,660. II.  de- 
leg.  Bergamo.     P.  1,440. 

Grumo,  two   towns   of  Naples. 1. 

prov.    Naples.      P.   2,800. II.    prov. 

Bari,  cap.  cant.     P.  3,900. 

Grunait,  a  vill.  of  Prussian  Silesia. 
P.  1,916. —  Grunhach  is  a  vill.  of  Wiir- 
temberg.     P.  1,398. 

Geunberg,  two  towns  of  Germ'y. 

I.  Hessen-Darmstadt,  prov.  Upper  Hes- 
sen, on  a  height.  P.  2,439. II.  Prus- 
sian Silesia,  cap.  circ.     P.  10,420. 

Grund,  a  small  mining  town  of  Han- 
over, in  the  Harz.     P.  1,416. 

Grundy,  N.E.  co.  111.     Area,  324  sq. 

m.     P.  3,023 II.  N.  county  of  Mo. 

Cap.  Trenton.    P.  3,066. III.  county, 

Tenn.     P.  2,773. 

Grijnhain,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circ. 
Zwickau.     P.  1,336. 

GrDningen,  a  vill.  of  Germany,  Hes- 
sen-Darmstadt.    P.  566. II.  a  vill.  of 

Switzerland,  cant.  Zurich.     P.  1,600. 

.GrCnofelp,  a  vill.  of  Central  Germ'y, 
grand  duchy  Baden.     P.  1,165. 

GrOnstadt,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bava- 
ria, cap.  cant.    P.  3,522. 


gtta] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


349 


Grutli,  a  patch  of  meadow-land,  Swit- 
zerland, cant.  Tlri,  on  the  W.  shore  of  the 
lake  of  Lucerne. 

GrRUYEBE,  a  smaUtown  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Fribourg,  with  1,000  inhabs.  In  its 
vicinity,  about  40,000  cwt.  of  the  famous 
Gruyere  cheese,  worth  72,000Z.,  are  made 
annually,  most  of  which  quantity  is  ex- 
ported. 

Grybow,  a  town  of  Austriatn  Poland, 
Galicia.     P.  1,400. 

Grzegorzew,  a  small  town  of  Poland, 
gov.  Warsaw. — Grzymalow  is  a  small 
town  of  Galicia. 

GsHATSK,  or  Gjatsk,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, on  the  Gjat.     P.  2,600. 

GsTEiG,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Berne.     P.  5,522. 

GuA  (Le),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Charente  Inf.     P.  2,056. 

GuACARA,  a  town  of  S.  Araer.,  repub- 
lic &  dep.  Venezuela,  prov.  Carabobo,  on 
the  lake  Tacarigua.     P.  4,000. 

GuAcHiPE,  a  consid.  riv.  of  the  Plata 
confederation,  dep.  Salta,  formed  by 
several  rivs.  rising  in  the  Andes.  It 
flows  E.N.E.  for  190  m.,  &  about  33  m. 
S.   Salta  takes  the  name  Salado. 

GuADALAViAR,  a  river  of  Spain,  after 
a  S.E.  course  of  130  m.,  enters  the  Medi- 
terranean. 

GuADALAXABA,  a  city  of  Spain,  cap. 
prov.  on  1.  b.  of  the  Henares,  here  cross- 
ed by  a  bridge  partly  of  Roman  archi- 
tecture.    P. .5, 170. II.  the  second  city 

of  the  Mexican  confederation,  cap.  state 
Xaliseo,  on  the  Rio  Grande  de  Santiago, 
140  m.  W..Guanaxuato.  P.  60,000.  (?) 
It  covers  a  wide  extent  of  surface,  the 
houses  being  mostly  of  only  one  story. 

Gaudalcanal,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Sevilla,  in  a  plain  near  the  Sierra  More- 
na.  P.  3,884.  Its  celeb,  silver  mines, 
which  have  been  upder  water  for  150 
years,  were  purchased  &.•  drained  by  an 
Ena;lish  company,  in  1848. 

GuADALBTE,  a  river  of  Spain,  Andalu- 
cia,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  75  m.,  enters 
the  bay  of  Cadiz  by  two  branches. 

GuADALiMAR,  a  river  of  Spain,  joins  the 
Guadalquivir,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  70  m. 

Guadalquivir,  an  important  river  of 
Spain,  flows  generally  W.S.W.,  &  enters 
the  Mediterranean  18  m.  N.  Cadiz.  L. 
280  m.  It  is  navigable  for  large  vessels 
to  Cordova;  barges  of  100  tons  ascend  to 
Sevilla. 

Guadalupe,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  & 
56  m.  E.  Caceres,  near  the  Sierra  Gauda- 

lupe.      P.   3,000. II.   county,  Texas. 

P.  1,511. III.  a  vill.  &  famous  colle- 
giate  church,  state    Me.^ioo,  greatly  re- 


sorted to  in  pilgrimage. IV.  {G.  Vic- 
toria), a  town  of  Texas,  cap.  dist.,  on  the 
Guadalupe,  36  m.  S.S.W.  Gonzales,  but 

little  populated. V.  a  consid.  riv.  of 

Texas,  enters  Espiritu-Santa  bay,  afttjr 
a  S.E. -ward  course,  estimated  at  170  ra. 

VI.  a  riv.  of  Spain,  Aragon,  joins  the 

Ebro,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  70  m. 

VII.  an  island  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  off 
the  coast  of  Lower  California.     L.  15  m. 

Elev.    1,000  feet. VIII.  {Sierra  de), 

a  range  of  mountains  of  Spain,  part  of 
the  mntns.  of  Toledo. 

Guadarama  (Sierra  de),  a  chain  of 
mntns.  of  Spain,  part  of  the  mntns.  of 
Estrella. 

Guadasuar,  a  market  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Valencia.     P.  1,500. 

Guadeloupe,  a  W.  India  isl.,  leeward 
group,  &  one  of  the  prinoip,  French  colo- 
nies, in  the  Atlantic,  about  25  m.  N. 
Dominica.  Area,  534  sq,  m.  P.  free 
31,252  ;  slaves,  96,322.  It  is  divided  into 
two  isls.  by  the  Salt  riv.,  an  arm  of  the 
sea,  5  m.  long,  &  120  to  140  feet  broad 
with  sufiicient  depth  for  vessels  of  40  to 
60  tons.  The  E.  isl.,  Grande  Terre  is  36 
m.  long  by  12  m.  broad.  Basse-Terre, 
or  Guadeloupe  proper,  the  W.  isl.,  is  35 
m.  long  by  18  m.  broad,  &  is  traversed 
by  volcanic  mntns.  The  culminating 
point,  La  Souffriere,  is  about  5,108  feet 
high.  This  island  is  well  watered  &  fer- 
tile. Basse-Terre  is  the  chief  town,  with 
an  indifferent  harbor.  The  contiguous 
islands  are  Marie  Galante,  Desirade,  & 
Saintes. 

Guadiana,  an  important  river  of 
Spain  &  Portugal,  its  basin  lying  between 
those  of  the  Tagus  &  Guadalquivir.     L. 

380   m. II.  iG.-Menor),    a  riv.    of 

Spain,  Andalucia,  joins  the  Guadal- 
quivir. 

GUADIAEO,    GUADIATO,    &     GuADIELA, 

three  rivers  of  Spain ;  the  first  enters 
the  Mediterranean,  after  a  course  of  40 
m. ;  the  second  joins  the  Guadalquivir, 
after  a  course  of  about  70  m. ;  &  the  last 
joins  the  Tagus;  total  course,  65  m. 

GuADix,  a  city  of  Spain.     P.  1,051. 

GuADUAs,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  New 
Granada,  near  e.  b.  of  the  Mngdalena,  & 
8,700  feet  above  the  sea.  Estim.  pop. 
4,000. 

GuAFO,  an  island,  S.  Pacific  ocean,  off 
the  coast  of  Chile. 

GrAHALL,  one  of  the  Scilly  isls.,  off 
Cornwall. 

GuAHAN,  the  most  S.  &  largest  of  the 
Marianne  isls..  Pacific  ocean.  Lat.  13" 
27'  N.,  Ion,  145°  E.  It  is  about  100  m. 
in  circ. 


350 


CYCLOP-iEDlA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[gua 


GuAiNiA,  a  river  of  S.  America,  Vene- 
zuela, joins  the  Cassiquiare.  to  form  the 
Rio  Negro. 

GuAJABA,  a  small  isl.  off  the  N.  coast 
of  Cuba.  Lat.  21°  50'  N.,  Ion.  77° 
28'  W. 

GuALAN,  a  town  of  Central  America, 
state  &  80  m.  E.N.E.  Guatemala,  near 
the  Motagua.    P.  2,000.  (?) 

GuALATEiRi,  a  volcanic  summit  of  the 
Peruvian  Andes.     Elev.  21,960  feet. 

GuALDO,  a  small  town  of  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.     P.  2,340. 

GuALiLLAs  Pass,  in  the  Peruvian 
Andes,  on  the  route  from  Arica  to  the 
interior  of  Bolivia.  Elevation,  14,750 
feet. 

GuALTiERi,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  duchy 
Modena,  on  the  Po.     P.  1,500. 

GUAMACHUCO  *•  GUAMANGA,  tOWnS  of 

Peru. 

GiTAMOco,  a  decayed  town  of  S.  Ameri- 
ca, N.  Granada. 

Guana,  several  islands,  W.  Indies,  the 
principal  being  17  m.  in  length  by  2 J  m. 
in  breadth. 

GiTANABACoA,  a  towu  of  Cuba,  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  harbor  of  Havana.  P. 
16,519. 

GuANACACHE,  a  lagooH  of  the  Plata 
confed.,  S.  Amer. 

GuAnacas  (Paramo  de),  a  mountain 
knot  of  S.  Amer.,  New  Granada,  in  the 
Andes. 

GuANAHANi  or  Cat  Isl.,  one  of  the 
Bahamas. 

Gctanaparo,  a  river  of  S.  America, 
Venezuela,  dep.  Caracas,  after  an  E. 
course  of  about  230  m.  (including  Boco- 
no),  joins  the  Portuguosa. 

GuANARE,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  Vene- 
zuela, dep.  Caracas,  on  the  Guanare  riv. 
P.  12,000.  It  is  regularly  and  well 
built.  Its  principal  trade  is  in  cattle. 
—  Guanarito,  on  the  same  river,  an 
affluent  of  the  Portuguesa,  is  a  small 
town. 

GuANAxuATO,  a  state  of  the  Mexican 
confed.  Area,  8,000  sq.  m.  P.  500,000. 
It  is  a  portion  of  the  Anahuac  plateau, 
with  an  elevation  of  6,000  feet,  a  princi- 
pal mining  region  of  the  confed.  Principal 
cities,  Guana.xuato,  Irapuato,  S.  Felipe, 
Salamanca,  &  Zelaya. —  Guanaxuato,  the 
cap.,  is  situated  in  the  Sierra  de  San- 
ta Rosa,  160  m.  N.W.  Mexico.  Lat.  21° 
0'  15"  N.,  Ion.  100°  55'  W.  P.  34,000. 
It  is  irregularly  built  on  mountain  de- 
clivities. Within  5  leagues  N.  &  S., 
more  than  100  shafts  have  been  opened, 
&  the  rich  mines  of  Valenciana  are  in 
the  immediate  vicinity. 


GuANCABAMBA,  a  large  vilL  of  S. 
America,  Ecuador,  dep.  Assuay,  in  the 
Andes.     Elev.  6,560  feet. 

GuANDAcoL,  a  valley.  La  Plata  confed., 
dep.  Pdoja,  between  the  Andes  &  the  Pa- 

matina     mountains- Gug.ndacol,    its 

vill.,  centre  of  valley. 

GuANUCo,  a  town  of  Peru. 

GuAPBV,  &  GxfAPORK,  two  Considerable 
rivs.  of  S.  America,  tributary  to  tbe  Ma- 
more.  L.  of  former,  550  m.;  of  latter, 
400. 

GcTARAGUAN.  (Cano),  a  mouth  of  the 
Orinoco  river,  S.  Amer.,  enters  the  At- 
lantfc. 

GuARAPARi,  a  mntn.  chain  of  Brazil. — 
The  town  Guarapari,  in  same  prov.,  is 
situated  on  the  coast. 

GuARAPicHE,  a  river  of  S.  Amer., 
Venezuela,  dep.  Orinoco,  enters  the  gulf 
of  Paria,  Atlantic,  after  a  tortuous  course 
of  about  100  m.,  the  lower  3-5ths  of  which 
are  said  to  be  navigable. 

GuARATiBA,  a  seaport  vill.  of  Brazil, 
prov.  Bio  Janeiro.     P.  4,000. 

GuARATUBA,  two  rivers  of  Brazil, 
provs.  Minas  Geraes  &  San  Paulo  ;  &  a 
town,  prov.  San  Paulo,  near  the  Atlantic. 

GuABDA,  a  fortified  town  of  Portugal, 
prov.  Beira,  cap.  comarca,  on  the  Serra 
de  Estrella.     P.  2,300. 

GuARDAFUi  (Cape),  the  most  E.  point 
of  Africa,  between  the  Indian  ocean  & 
the  sea  of  Bab-el-Mandeb.' 

GuARDAMAR,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Alicante,  on  the  Seguro.     P.  3,238. 

GuARDAMiGLio,  a  vill.  of  Lombardy, 
deleg.  Piacerza.    P.  1,530. 

Guardavalle,  a  mkt.  town  of  Naples, 
prov.  Calab.  Ult.  II.     P.  2,600. 

GuARDiA,    several   towns   of   Naples. 

1,  prov.  Calab.  Citra.     P.  1,300. 

II.  {G.  Alfiera),  prov.  Molise.     P.  1,800. 

III.   (G.-Grele),  prov.  Abruzzo  Cit., 

cap.  cant.   P.6,''190. lY.  iLombarda), 

prov.    Princip.    Ult.,   on   the    Lombarda. 

P.  3,000. V.  (Perticari),  prov.Basili- 

cata.      P.   1,670. VI.   {Regia),  prov. 

Molise,    on   the   N.   decrnaty   of   Monte 

Matese.    .P.  1,400. VII.   I^San  Fra- 

mondi),  prov.  T.  di  Lavoro,  cap.  cant. 
P.  3,600. —  Guardia  is  also  the  name  of 
the  S.  headland  of  the  isl.  Ponza,  &  of  a- 
mntn.  in  the  island  Lipari. 

Guardia  (La),  several  towns,  &c.,  of 

Spain. 1,  prov.  Jaen.     P.  1.448. 

II.   Biscay,   prov.  Alva,  with  2,374  in- 

habs. ill.    prov.    Toledo.      P.   3,316. 

IV.  {Sta.  Maria-dc),  a  seaport  town, 

prov.  Pontevedra.     P.  2,590. 

GuAHDO,  a  mkt.  town  of  Spain,  prov 
Palencia. 


\*. 


gue] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


351 


GuAHENA,  a  vill.  of  Spain,  prov.  Ba- 
dajos.     P.  4,020. 

GuARENE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Pied- 
mont, div.  Coni.     P.  2,368. 

GuARico,  a  riv.  of  S.  Amer.,  Vene- 
zuela, Caracas,  joins  a  branch  of  the 
Apure,  after  a  S.-war3  course,  estim.  at 

200  m. II.  a  cape   of  the  island  of 

Cuba,  near  its  E.  extremity. 

GuAEicuRA,  an  isl.  of  Brazil,  prov. 
Para,  in  the  Amazon  river.  L.  45  m. ; 
greatest  br.  18  m.  ' 

GuARisAMEv.  a  mining  town  of  the 
Mexican  confederation,  state  Durango. 

GuARMEy,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Peru,  dap. 
Lima,  at  mouth  of  the  Guarmey. 

Guard,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Malaara. 
P.  2,119.  ^ 

Guarochiri,  a  town  of  Peru,  dep. 
Lima,  cap.  prov.,  at  the. foot  of  the  Andes. 

GuARUApo,  two  rivers  of  S.  Amer., 
Venezuela,  one  uniting  the  Apure  & 
Portuguesa  rivers;  the  other  a  tributary 
of  the  Orinoco. 

GuASH,  a  river  of  Engl.,  flows  W.  into 
the  Welland. 

GuASTALLA,  a  wallcd  city  of  N.  Italj', 
duchy  of  Parma,  with  a  p.  of  22,573,  on 
the  Po.     P.  9,554. 

GuASTATOYA,  a  town  of  Central  Amer., 
state  Guatemala. 

GuATAViTA,  a  vill.  of  S.  Amer.,  New 
Granada,  dep.  Cundinamarca.  The  lake 
of  Guatavita,  near  it,  is  about  9  m.  in 
length. 

Guatemala,  the  largest  of  the  states 
of  Central  America,  extends  between  lat. 
14°- &  17°  N.,  &  Ion.  89°  &  94°  W.,  hav- 
ing N.  Yucatan,  &  Mexico,  E.  Honduras 
&  San  Salvador,  S.W.  the  Pacific.  Area, 
75,093  sq.  m.  P.  700,000,  larger  portion 
aboriginal  Indians,  the  other  whites  & 
Mestizos.  The  surface  is  very  irregular, 
consisting  of  mountains,  table-lands  from 
2,000  to  5,000  feet  in  elevation,  &  plains. 
Principal  cities.  New  &  Old  Guatemala, 
Quezaltenango,  Coban,  &  Chequimula. 
New.  Guatemala,  the  cap.,  is  situ- 
ated in  a  rich  &  spacious  plain,  at  an 
elev.  of  4,961  feet.  P.  from  35,000  to 
50,000.  It  is  very  handsome.  Here 
are  upwards  of  60  richly  ornamented 
churches.  The  inhabs.  are  noted  for 
their  aptitude  in  arts  &  manufs.  New 
Guatemala  has  a  flourishing  trade  with 
Vera  Cruz,  Mexico,  &c.,  in  sugar,  coffee, 
cotton,  dye-woods,  &  other  native  pro- 
ducts.  Guatemala   la    Antigua,    lies 

24  m.  W. S.W.  of  the  newer  capital,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Volcan  d'Agua,  by  an  erup- 
tion of  which  it  was  overwhelmed  in 
1541.     It  was   again  devastated  by -.an 


earthquake  in  1773,  but  has  been  since 
rebuilt,  &  is  stated  to  have  a  pop.  of 
12,000  persons. 

GuATEYCAS  (Gulf  of),   Chile   &  W. 

Patagonia,  is  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific  ocean. 

GuATULco,    a    port   of   the    Mexican 

confed.,  dep.  &   105  m.  S.E.  Oaxaea,  on 

the  Pacific. 

GuAviARE,  a  river  of  S.  Amer.,  New 
Granada,  joins  the  Orinoco,  after  an  E. 
course  of '450  m. 

GuAYAMA,  a  seaport  town  of  Porto 
Rico,  on  its  S.  coast.     P.  5,120. 

GuAYANiLLA,  a  Seaport  of  the  S.  coast 
of  Porto-Rico.  W.  Indies. 

Guayaquil,  a  dep.  of  the  republio 
Ecuador,  S.  Amer.,  having  W.  the  Paci- 
fic. Estimated  area  14,400  sq.  m.,  & 
p.  75,000.  Surface  level  along  the  coast ; 
the  great  chain  of  the  Andes  forms  its  E. 
boundary.  It  is  divided  into  the  provs. 
Guayaquil  &  Manabi.  Principal  cities, 
Guayaquil  &  Puna. —  Guayaquil,  the 
cap.  &  the  principal  seat  of  trade,  is  on 
the  coast,  &  on  r.  b.  of  the  Guayaquil 
riv.,  40  m.  above  its  mouth,  in  the  gulf 
of  Guayaquil.  Estimated  p.  25,000. — 
The  gulf  of  Guayaquil  is  an  inlet-  of  the 
Pacific,  mostly  between  lat.  2°  &  4°  S., 
&  Ion.  80°  &  81°  W. 

GuAYMAs,  a  seaport  town  of  the  Mexi-, 
can  confederation,  state  Sonora,  on  the 
gulf  of  California.  Its  harbor  is  the 
best  on  the  W.  coast  of  Mexico. 

GuAYRA  (La),  the  principal  seaport 
town  of  the  republic  Venezuela,  S.  Amer- 
ica, prov.  Caracas,  on  the  Caribbean 
sea.  P.  6,000.  It  stands  under  abrupt 
rocky  heights.  Its  harbor  is  a  mere 
roadstead,  with  a  break-water  &  light- 
house.    It  has  an  active  export  trade. 

GuAYTEcAs,  a  bay  &  group  of  isls.,  S. 
Amer.,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Patagonia. 

GuBBio,  a  city  of  Central  Italy,  Pon- 
tif.  sta.,  on  the  S.  declivity  of  the  Apen- 
nines. P.  16,988.  It  is  beautifully 
situated,  &  well  built. 

GuBEN,  a  walled  town  of  Prussia,  prov. 
Brandenburg,  cap.  circ,  on  the  Neisse. 
P.  9,840. 

GuDEN-AA,  the  principal  river  of  Jut- 
land, Denmark,  joins  the  Kattegat,  after 
a  N.E.  course  of  80  m. 

GuDENSBERG,  a  town  of  Germany,  H.- 
Cassel,  prov.  Lower  Hessen.     P.  2,097. 

GuDERA,  a  town  of  W.  Abyssinia,  cap. 
chiefship,  on  a  low  rocky  height. 

GuDooK,  a  pass  across  the  Elburz 
mountains,  N.  Persia. 

Guebwiller,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Rhin,  cap.  cant.,  on  rt.  b. 
of  the  Lalich.     P.  3,860. 


352 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GKOGRAPHY. 


[qui 


GuEQON,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,- 
dep.  Morbihan.     P.  2,-833. 

GuEGUETENANGO,  &    GuEGUETLAN,  2 

towns  of  Central  Amer.,  state  Guatemala. 

GuELAGO,  a  vill.  of  Spain,  prov.  Gra- 
nada. 

GiiELDERLAND,  a  prov.  of  the  Nether- 
lands, having  N.W.  the  Zuyder-Zee. 
Area  1,970  sq.  m.     P.  373,000. 

GiTEMENEE,    two   comms.   &   vills.  of 

France. 1,  dep.  Loire  Inf.,  cap.  cant. 

P.   4,013. II,    dep.    Morbihan,    cap. 

cant.     P.  1,543. 

GcER,  a  comm.&  town  of  France,  dep. 
Morbihan,  cap.  cant.     P.  3,773. 

GuERANDE,  a  comm.  &  walled  town  of 
France,  dep.  Loire  Inf.     P.  2,202. 

GUERAHD,  &    GUERBAVILLE,    2  COmmS. 

&  vills.  of  France  ;  the  former,  dep.  Seine- 
et-Marne.     P.  1,922. 

GuERCHE  (La),  several  comms.,  small 

towns,  &c.,  of  France. 1,  dep.  Ille-et- 

Vilaine,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,984. II.    a 

vill.,  dep.  Cher,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,935. 

III.  dep.  Indre-et-Loire,  on  the  Creuse. 

GuERET,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
cap.  dep.  Creuse.     P.  3,924. 

GuERNE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Morbihan.     P.  3,327. 

Guernsey,  the  second  in  size  of  the 
Channel  Islands,  in  the  bay  of  St.  Mi- 
chael, 30  m.  W.  the  coast  of  Normandy, 
&  51  m.  S.  of  Portland,  English  coast. 
Area,  16,000  acres.  P.  28,521.  Its  form 
is  triangular.  Climate  moist,  but  healthy, 
&  so  mild  that  oranges',  melons,  figs, 
myrtles,  &  the  Guernsey  lily,  flourish 
luxuriantly.  Guernsey  formed  a  part  of 
the  duchy  granted  by  Charles  the  Sim- 
ple to  the  Norman  EoUo,  to  whose  de- 
scendants it  has  now  belonged  for  nearly 

1,000  years. II.  E.  co.  of  0.     Area, 

676  sq.  miles.  Cap.  Cambridge.  Staple 
prod,  wheat  &  tobacco.    P.  30,438. 

Guetahia,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Gui- 
puzcoa,  on  the  bay  of  Biscay.     P.  1,036. 

Gueugnon,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  SaOne-et-Loire,  cap.  cant.,  with  1,659 
inhabs. 

GuGLiELMO,  a  mntn.  of  Lombardy. 
Height,  6,300  feet. 

GiJGLiNGEN,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
circ.  Neckar.     P.  14,140. 

GuGLioNisi,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Moliso.     P.  3,300. 

GuHRAu,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
cap.  circ.     P.  3,400. 

GuiA,  a  town  of  Guinea,  Ashantee,  cap. 

6tate   Buroomy,  on  the  Volta. II.  a 

maritime  town  of  Brazil,  prov.  Parahiba, 

on  the  Atlantic. III.   a  vill.,  prov.  & 

on  the  Rio  Negro. 


GtriA  (La),  a  town  of  the  Canary  isls., 
on   tlie  N.W.  coast  of  Gt.   Canary.     P. 

4,332. IE.   a  vill,  on  the  S.  coast  of 

Tenerififu.     P.  2,230. 

Guiana,  a  wide  region  of  S.  America-, 
comprising  all  of  that  continent  between 
the  Amazon  &  Orinoco  ri\'ers,  extending 
from  lilt.  3°  30'  S.  to  8°  40'  N.,  &  Ion.  50° 
to  68°  "W.,  &  subdivided  into  Brazilian, 
British,  Dutch,  French  &  Venezuelan 
Guiana. 1.  {Brazilian  Guiana)  com- 
prises the  N.  part  of  the  Brazilian  dom. 
Area,  433,000  sq.  m.  It  is  mostlj'  cover- 
ed by  a  dense  vegetation ;  peopled  chiefly 
by  roving  Indian  tribes,  &  divided  be- 
tween the  provs.  Para  &  P>,io  Negro. 
II.  {British,  Guiana),  a  colonial  territory 
on  the  N.W.  coast  of  S.  America,  having 
E.  Dutch,  S.  Brazilian,  &  AV.  Venezuelan 
Guiana,  &  comprising  an  area  of  76,000" 
sq,  miles,  but  the  possession  of  much  of 
this  has  been  disputed  by  Brazil  &  Vene- 
zuela. Pop.  in  1851,  127,695,  of  whom 
86,451  were  slaves.  The  vegetation  is 
perhaps  the  most  luxuriant  of  any  on  the 
surface  of  the  globe.  Princip,  product 
is  at  present  sugar.  Public  revenue. 
900,000  dols.  The  colony  is  divided  into 
the  cos.  Demerara,  Berbice,  &  Essequibo; 
chief  towns,  George  Town,  the  cap.,  & 
New  Amsterdam. III.  {Dutch  Gui- 
ana, or  Surinam),  a  colonial  territory, 
N.W.  coast  of  S.  America,  having  E. 
French,  W.  English,  &  S.  Brazilian  Gui- 
ana. Area,  10,400  sq.  m.  P.  10,536 
free  ;  43,285  slaves  ;  Indians  unknown. 
About  25  mill.  lbs.  of  sugar,  &  4  million 
lbs.  of  coffee,  are  stated  to  be  exported 

annually. IV.  {French  Guiana),  forms 

the  E.-most  colonial  subdiv,  of  Guiana, 
between  lat.  2''&  6°  N.,  &  Ion.  51°  30',  & 
54°  30'  W.,  having  E.  &  S.  Brazi!,  W. 
Dutch  Guiana,  &  N.E,  the  Atlantic.  Area, 
10,980  sq.  m.;  &  pop.  21,170.  French 
Guiana  is  divided  into  the  districts  Cay- 
enne &  Sinnamary.  Chief  town,  Ca^venne, 

the  cap. ;  the  rest  are  ins^ignifieant. ■ 

V.  {Venezuelan,  or  Colombian  Guiana), 
the  N.W.  subdivision  of  Guiana,  compri- 
sing more  than  half  of  the  Venezuelan 
dominions.  Area,  183,500  ,sq.m.  P,20,000, 
of  whom  16,000  are  roving  Indians.  It 
forms  most  part  of  the  dep.  Orinoco ; 
princip.  towns,  Angostura.  Piedra,  &  San 
Fernando  de  Apure. 

GuiANEco  Islands,  a  group  off  the 
W.  coast  of  Patagonia,  the  princip.  being 
Wager  &  Byron  islands. 

GuiBARRA,  a  small  river  of  Ireland, 
Ulster,  flowing  into  an  inlet  of  the  Atlan- 
tic.  Guibarrabay  is  5  m.  S.  Dunsloe. 

GuicHE,  two  comms.  &  vills.  of  France. 


i 


GUI 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


853 


1,  dep.  B.  Pyrenees,  on  the  Bidouze, 

cap. cant.     P.  1,700. 11.  (La),  Saune- 

et-Loire,  cap.  cant.     P.  944. 

GuicHEN,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  llle-et-Vilaine,  cap.  cant.     P.  3,534. 

GrUiCLAN,  a  coinm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
'  dep.  Finislere.     P.  3, -549. 

GuiDEL,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Morbilian.     P.  3,895. 

GruiENNE,  an  old  prov.  in  the  S.W.  of 
France,  the  most  extensive  of  all,  the 
cap.  of  which  was  Bordeaux. 

GuiGNEN,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  lUe-et-Vilaine.     P.  2J30. 

GuiLDEELAND,  p-t.,  Albany  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  2,790. 

GuiLDFOHD,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
cap.  CO.  Surrey,  on  the  Wey.  P.  bor. 
5,925  It  is  situated  on  a  steep  declivity. 
in  a  break  of  the  Surrey  downs. 

Guildhall,  t.,  cap.  of  Essex  co.Vt.  P. 
1,470. 

Guilford,  a  N.W.  co.  N.  C.  Area, 
672  sq.  m.  Here  was  the  battle  of  Guil- 
ford c.  H.,  1781.  Cap.  Greensboro.  Va- 
rious manufs.    275  distilleries.  P.  19,754. 

II.  t.,    Piscatiquis  co.  Me.     P.  892. 

III.  t.,  Windham  co.  Vt.     P.  1,525. 

IV.  t..  New  Haven  CO.  Conn.  The  town 
is  old,  but  neatly  built,  &  much  resorted 
to  for  sea-bathing.  A  stone  house  here, 
built  in  1640,  is  said  to  be  the  oldest 
house  now  standing  in  the  United  States. 
P.  2,890.  It  was  settled  in  1639  by  a 
colony  of  gentlemen  from  Eng. ;  among 
whom  were  the  Lutes,  Hallecks  & 
Wrights.  From  the  Halleck  family  de- 
scended Fitz  Greene  Halleck,  the  poet, 
now  enjoying  othim  cum  dignitate  in 
the  home  of  his  ancestors ;  &  from  the 
Wright  family  descended  Silas  Wright, 
the  great  statesman,  &  William  Wright, 
of  New  Jersey.— — V.  p-t.,  Chenango  co. 

N.  Y.     P.  2,600. VI.  t.,  Franklin  co. 

Pa.    P.  3,125. VII.  t.,   Medina  co. 

0.     P.  1,400. VIII.  a  town  of  Brazil, 

prov.    Maranhao,  on  the   bay  of  Cuma. 

P.  2,000. IX.   a  vill.,   prov.   Matto- 

Grosso. 

Guillac,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan.     P.  1,520. 

GuiLLAUMES,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  prov. 
Nice,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Var.     P.  1,357. 

GuiLLESTRE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Alpes,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Guil. 

GuiLLOTiERE  (IfA),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Rhone.     P.  29,843. 

GuiMAE,  a  Spanish  t.,  oji  theS.E.  coast 
of  Tenerifife,   Canary  islands.     P.  3,042. 

GuiMAHEs,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov. 
Minho.     P.  6,000. 

Guinea,    a    geographical  division  of 


AV.  Africa,  comprising  the  coast  of  the 
Atlantic  ocean,  from  Cape  Negro  to  Cape 
Verga.  It  is  divided  into  Upper  or  iV. 
Guinea,  &  Lower  or  iS.  Guinea;  N.  Gui- 
nea is  bounded  by  Senegambia  &  Soudan 
on 'the  N.  &  N.E.,  the  Atlantic  on  the  W. 
&  S.W.,  &  S.  Guinea  on  the  S.E.  The 
coasts  are  in  general  low,  humid,  &  un- 
healthy, but  very  fertile.  The  Koug 
mntns.  extend  from  B.  to  W.  along  the 
N.  boundary.  Principal  rivers,  the  Niger 
or  Quorra,  Volta  &  Assinie.  The  coasts 
from  N.  to  S.  are  called  Liberia,  Grain 
coast,  Ivory  coast.  Gold  coast.  Slave  coast, 
&  the  Calabar  coast.  The  interior  is  di- 
vided into  numerous  native  states,  the 
chief  of  which  are  the  kingdoms  of  As- 
hantee,  Dahomey,  &  Benin.  The  princi- 
pal European  settlements  are  Accra, 
Cape  Coast  Castle,  Dixcove,  Elmina,  & 
Sierra  Leone.  On  the  S.W.  coast  is  the 
American  settlement  of  Liberia.  S. 
Guinea  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  elevated 
mountains.  The  chief  rivers  are  the 
Zaire  &  Coanza.  The  principal  states  of 
S.  Guinea  are  Loango,  Congo,  Angola,  & 
Benguela. II.  {Gulf  of  ),  a  gulf  form- 
ed by  the  Atlantic  ocean,  on  the  coasts 
of  North  Guinea. 

Guinea  Company,  a  collection  of  vil- 
lages, W.  Africa,  on  the  Old  Calabar  riv. 
P.  5,000.  (7) — -Little  Guinea  Company  is 
a  town  about  5  m.  N.-ward. 

GuiNEs,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Pas-dc-Calais,  cap.  cant. 

GuiNGAMP,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Cutes-du-Nord.     P.  5,787. 

GuiONA  (Mount),  the  loftiest  mntn.of 
Greece,  near  its  N.  frontier.  Height 
above  the  sea,  8,239  feet. 

GuiPAVAs,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Fiuist^re.    P.  5,312. 

GuiPEL,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
lUe-et-Vilaine.     P.  1,458. 

GuiPRY,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Ille-et-Vilaine,  with  3,272  inhabs. 

GuiEiA,  a  maritime  vill.  of  S.  America, 
Venezuela,  dep.  Orinoco,  prov.  Cumana, 
on  the  gulf  of  Paria. 

GuisBOEOUGH,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  York,  N.  Riding.    P.  1,776. 

GuiscAED,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Oise,  cap.  cant.,  1,650  inhabs. 

GuiscEiFF,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan.     P.  3,016: 

Guise,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Aisne,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Oise.     P.  3,347. 

GuissENY,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Finist^re.     P.  3,102. 

GuiTivis,  a  seaport  of  the  Mexican 
confed.,  dep.  Souora.,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Mayo  in  the  gulf  of  California. 


354 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[gur 


GuiTREs,  a  comni.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Gironde,  cap.  cant.,  on  rt.  b. 
of  the  Isle.     P.  1,270. 

GuJAN,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Gironde.  with  a  small  port.     P.  1,388. 

GuJERAT,  one  of  the  old  provs.  of  Hin- 

dostan. II.  a  town  'of  the   Punjab. 

Here  the  Sikhs  were  totally  defeated  by 
the  British  army,  21st  Feb.  1849. 

GujUNDERGHUR,  a  hill  fort  of  British 
India,  presid.  Bombay. 

Gujuru-Walla,  a  town  of  the  Punjab. 

GuLANE,  a  promontory  of  Scotland,  co. 
Haddington. 

GuLMAR,  a  maritime  vill.  of  Asia- Mi- 
nor, pash.  Itshil,  on  the  Mediterranean. 

GuLMi,  a  t.  of  Nepaul,  cap.  rajahship. 

GuLPEN,  a  vill.,  Netherlands,  prov. 
Limburg.     P.  1,916. 

GuMBiNNEN,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  on 
the  Pissa.     P.  6,580. 

GuMBUT,  a  town  of  Seinde,  10  m.  E.  of 
the  Indus.     P.  3,000. 

GuMHA,  a  small  town  of  N.W.  Hindos- 
tan,  dom.  Mundi,  with  a  salt  mine,  yield- 
ing-the  rajah  an  annual  clear  revenue  of 
800Z. 

GuMiEL,  two  contiguous  towns  of  Spain, 

prov.  Burgos. 1.   (<?.  de  Izan).      P. 

1,339. II.    (G.  de  Mercado),  6  m. 

N.W.  the  foregoing.     P.  1,198. 

Gumish-Khaneh,  a  town  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  on  the  route  to  Trebizond.  It 
is  built  in  successive  terraces  up  the  sides 
of  a  ravine,  &  is  stated  to  have  nearly 
1,000  houses. 

GuMMERsBACH,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
JPrussia,  cap.  eirc.     P.  1,045. 

GuMPOLDSKiRCHEN,  a  market  town  of 
Lower  Austria,  on  railway  to  Gratz.  P. 
1,500. 

GuMRi,  a  ruined  town  of  Russian  Ar- 
menia.    P.  10,000. 

GuNABAD,  a  town  of  E.  Persia,  prov. 
Khorasan. 

GuNDAMUcK,  a  vill.  of  Affghanistan. 

GuNDAVA,  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  cap. 
prov,  Cutch-Gundava. 

GuNDELFiNGEN,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
eirc.  Swabia,  on  the  Brenz.     P.  2,726. 

GuNDELSHEiM,  Q,  market  town  of 
Wiirtemberg,  eirc.  Neckar.     P.  1,111. 

GuNDUCK,  a  river  of  Hindostan,  tribu- 
tary to  the  Ganges.  L.  360  miles. — The 
Little  G-unduck  joins  the  Goggra  after  a 
S.  course  of  90  m. 

Gu.VDWANAH,  a  prov.  of  India,  &  one 
of  the  least  civilized  portions  of  the  In- 
dian peninsula. ' 

GuNiEH,  a  walled  town  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, pash.  Trebizond,  on  the  B.  coast  of 
the  Black  sea. 


Gunong-Api,  two  islands  of  the  Asiat- 
ic  archipelago, 1.  Banda    isls.,  Lan- 

toir. II.  Flores  sea,  N.E.  Sumbawa. 

—  Gunong  Benko  &  G.  Dempo  are  moun- 
tains of  Sumatra. 

Gunong-Tblla,  a  town  of  Celebes,  on 
the  S.  coast  of  the  N.E.  limit  of  this 
island. 

GiJNS,  a  royal  free  town,  W.  Hungary, 
CO.  Eisenburg,  on  the  Giins  river.  P. 
8,000. 

Gun's  Island,  lies  off  the  E.  coast  of 
Ireland,  Ulster. 

GuNTERSBLUM,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ger- 
many, H.  Darmstadt,  prov.  Rhenish  Hes- 
sen,  with  2,592  inhabs. — Guntersdorf  is 
a  town  of  Austria.     P.  1,500. 

GuNTOOH,  a  marit.  dist.  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Madras.  Area,  4,690  sq.  m.  P. 
519,318.  Principal  towns,  Guntoor,  Juna- 
conda,  &  Nizampatam. —  Guntoor,  the 
cap.  of  the  dist.,  is  226  m.  N.  Madras. 

GiJNZBURG,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  eirc 
Swabia,  on  the  Danube.  P.  3,103. — 
Ober-Gunzburg  is  a  vill.  42  m.  S.S.W. 
Augsburg.     P.  1,334. 

GiJNZENHAUSEN,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
eirc.  Midi.  Franc,  on  the  Altmiihl.  P. 
2,605. 

GuR  (Lottgh),  a  lake  of  Ireland,  Mun- 
ster.    Ciroumf  about  4  m. 

GuRA,  a  town  of  Africa,  Upper  Guinea, 
on  the  Gura  river. 

GuRAGUE,  a  country  of  N.E.  Africa, 
Abyssinia,  S.  Shoa. 

GuRHwAL,  a  prov.  of  N.  Hindostan, 
tribu.  to  the  British.  Estim.  area,  9,000 
sq.  m.,  all  of  which  is  mntnous.  Copper 
is  an  abundant  product.  Chf.  town  Seri- 
nagur. 

GuRiEL,  a  prov.  of  Asia,  shared  betw. 
the  Russian  &  Turkish  doms.,  at  the  E. 
extremity  of  the  Black  sea.  Principal 
towns,  Bartoum,  in  the  Turkish  ;  Poti, 
Toras,  &  Fort  St.  Nikolai  in  its  Russian 
division. 

GuRiEV,  a  town  &  fortress  of  Russia, 
gov.  Orenburg,  on  the  Ural  river,  near 
its  mouth  in  the  Caspian.     P.  2,000. 

GuRK,  two  rivers  of  Illyria,  one  join- 
ing the  Drave,  after  a  course  of  65  m. ; 
and  tie  other  joining  the  Save,  after  a 
course  of  50  m.  Gurk  is  a  vill.  on  the 
former  river. 

GuRNUDY,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  pre- 
sid. Bengal,  on  the  Ganges. 

GuRRAH,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Bengal,  cap. 

GuRRAKOTA,  a  fort  of  Brit.  India,  pre- 
sid. Bengal,  on  the  Sonar.  e 

GuRROTE,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  4oni. 
Kotah.    In  1820  it  had  500  houses. 


■''^P^ 


haa] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTKER. 


355 


GuERUMCONDA,  a  strong  hill-forfc  of 
Brit.  India,  presid.  Madras. 

GuKsuF,  or  YouRzouF,  a  marit.  vill. 
of  S.  Kussia,  Crimea,  on  its  W.  coast. 

GuHUN,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor,  pash. 
Karamania. 

GuRUPi,  a  riv.  &  town  of  Brazil,  prov. 
Para,  the  river  entering  the  bay  Gurupi 
(Atlantic).  L.  250  m.  The  town  stands 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  river  mouth. 

GuspiNi,  a  eomm.  &  vill.  of  the  isl. 
Sardinia,  cap.  mand.,  with  3,800  inhabs. 

GussAGO,  &  GussoLA,  two  vlUs.  of 
Lombardy. 

GussiNG,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  Eis- 
enburg,  on  the  Ezenitze,  1  m.  S.E.  Hart- 
berg.     P.  3,000. 

GusTAviA,  the  cap.  town  of  the  Swe- 
dish isl.  St.  Bartholomew,  W.  Indies,  on 
its  W.  coast,  with  a  good  harb.,  &  10,000 
inhabs. 

^usTAVUs,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.  0.  P. 
1,195. 

GusTEN,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy 
Anhalt-Kothen.     P.  1,665. 

GiJSTROw,  a  town  of  N.  Germany,  cap. 
duchy  Mecklenb.-Scherwin,  on  the  Nebel. 
P.  9,004. 

Gutenberg,  &  Gutenbritnn,  2  small 
vills.  of  Germany,  doms.  Wiirtemberg  & 
Austria. —  Gutenhqfis  in  Lr.  Austria. 

GoTENTAG,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia. 
P.  2,300. 

GiJTERSLOHE,  a  tojvu  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia.    P.  2,950. 

GuTSTADT,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  on  the 
Alle.     P.  3,039. 

GuTTENSTEiN,  a  vill.  of  Austria,  Carin- 
thia.     P.  1,200. 

GiJTZKOW,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pome- 
rania.     P.  1,370. 

GuYANDOTTE  RiVER,  Virginia,  in  the 
W.  part  of  the  state,  &  after  a  N.W. 
course  of  120  m.,  joins  the  Ohio,  6  m. 
N.W.  Barbersville.  At  its  mouth  is  a 
vill.  of  same  name. 

Guy's  Cliff,  England,  co.  Warwick, 
on  the  Avon. 

GvosDEvi,  a  group  of  isls.  in  Behring 
strait,  between  Asia  &  N.  America.  The 
largest,  Imaglin,  is  25  m.  in  length. — 
Gvosdanski  is  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Croatia ; 
&  Gvosdansko,  a  vill.  of  Sclavonia. 

GwADEL  (Cape),  a  peninsula  of  Beloo- 
chistan,  about  the  middle  of  the  S.  coast, 
on  the  Indian  ocean. 

GwALiOH,  a  state  of  Centr.  Hindostan, 
subsidiary  to  the  British.  Area,  32,950 
sq.  m.  P.  3,680,000.  Principal  cities, 
Gwalior,  Oojein,  &  Boorhanpoor.  Estim. 
total  land  rev.  950,040Z.  sterling.  Crwa- 
lior  is  a  city  &  strong  fortress  &  cap.  of 


the  state,  on  an  affl.  of  the  Jumna.  It 
has  externally  a  fine  appearance. 

GwEEK,  a  seaport  vill.  of  Cornwall. 

GwETTEH,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Beloochis- 
tan,  prov.  Mekran,  on  the  bay  of  Gwetter, 
Indian  ocean. 

GwiNNED,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 
P.  1,589. 

Gwinnett,  a  N.  co.  Ga.  Area,  648  sq. 
m.     Cap.  Lawrenceville.  '  P.  11,257. 

GwYDiR  KivER,  arivei'of  E.  Australia, 
joins  the  Peel  river. 

Gw^YNEDD,  a  river  of  N.  Wales. 

Gy,  a  market  town  of  France,  dep.  H. 
Saune,  cap.  cant.     P.  2,460. 

Gyarmath,  several  market  towns  of 

Hungary,  the  principal. 1  (G.JBalas- 

sa),  in  CO.  Neograd,  on  the  Ipoly,  with 

3,793  inhabs. II.  (Fuzes),  co.  Bekes, 

on  the  Beretto.    P.  4,070. 

Gyaros,  an  isl.  of  the  Grecian  archip., 
gov.  Tenos.     L.  5  m. ;  br.  3  m. 

Gyergyo  St.  Miklos,  a  market  town 
of  Transylvania,  cap.  dist.  Csik.    P.  5,071. 

Gyongyos,  a  market  town  of  Central 
Hungary,  co.  Heves.     P.  14,649. 

Gyoegy  (St.),  a   royal  free  town  of 

Hungary,  co.  Presburg.    P.  3,709. II. 

a  vill.,  dist.  Jazygia,  on  the  Zagyva. 


H. 


Haa,  a  small  isl.  of  Scotland,  off  its  E". 
coast. 

Haag,  the  name  of  numerous  vills.  of 
Germany. 

Haaren,   a  vill.  of    Hanover,  landr. 

Osnabriick.     P.  2,030. II.  a  vill,  of 

Rhen.  Prussia.     P.  1,071. 

Haarlem,  a  city  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  N.  Holland,  11  m.  W.  Amsterdam. 
P.  24,012.  It  has  remains  of  its  old  for- 
tifications, &  is  "  very  well  built,  very 
clean,  &  very,  dull."  It  has  large  steam 
cotton  mills,  manufs.  of  velvet,  silk,  & 
linen  fabrics,  &  a  celebrated  Greek  & 
Hebrew  type  foundry.  It  is  the  centre 
of  the  important  Dutch  trade  in  flowers 

&  flower-seeds. II.  an  isl.  of  Palk's 

strait,  off  the  N.  extremity  of  the  island 
of  Ceylon. 

Haarlem  Lake,  an  inlet  of  the  Zuy- 
der-Zee,  Netherlands,  prov.  N.  Holland, 
2  m.  S.E.  Haarlem,  about  33  m.  in  circ. 

Haastrecht,  a  vill.  of  the  Nether- 
lands, prov.  S.  Holland.     P.  1,385. 

Haay,  a  small  island  of  Scotland,  He- 
brides. 

Haase,  a  river  of  Hanover,  90  m.  in 
length. 


356 


CyCLOPJEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


fHAG 


Haesdonk,  a  comm.  &  vill.,  Belgium, 
prov.  E.  Flanders.     P.  2,250. 

Haba  (La),  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Madiid.     P.  3,020. 

Habas,  a  cotnm.  &  market  town  of 
Ernnce,  dep.  Landes.  P.  2,000. — Habay 
is  the  name  of  two  contiguous  vills.  of 
Belgium,  Luxembourg. 

Habelschwert,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  cap.  circ,  on  the  Neisse.   P.  2,760. 

Habergham-Eaves,  a  township,  Eng- 
land, CO.  Lancaster.     P.  8,526. 

Habersham,  a  N.E.  co.  Ga.  Area,  760 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Clarksville.     P.  8,895. 

Habsburg,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland. 

Habsheim,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Rhin,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,690. 

Haccourt,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium, 
prov.  Liege.     P.  1,212. 

Hacha,  a  river,  S.  America,  N.  Gra- 
nada, dep.  Magdalena,  120  m.  long. 

Hachenburg,  a  town  of  W.  Germany, 
dom.  Nassau.     P.  1,538. 

Hackensack,  river,  N.  J.     L.  40  m. 

II.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Bergen  co.  N.  J.     P. 

1,000. III.  t.,  Bergen  co.  N.  J.     P. 

3,486. 

HAcauEviLLE,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Bure. 

Hadamar,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy 
Nassau,  on  the  Elbe.     P.  2,184. 

Haddam,  t.,  semi-cap.  of  Middlesex 
CO.  Conn.  Celeb,  for  its  stone  quarries. 
P.  2,279. 

Haddington,  a  mkt.  town,  Scotl.,  cap. 
CO.,  on  the  Tyne.     P.  9,886. 

Haddington,  a  co.  of  Scotl.,  having 
N.  the  Firth  of  Forth.  Area,  280  sq.  m. 
Surface,  in  the  S.,  occupied  by  the  Lam- 
mermoor  hills.     P.  36,396. 

Haddo,  a  small  town  of  Scotl.,  co. 
Aberdeen. 

Hadeln,  a  dist.  of  N.  Germany,  Han- 
over. Area  of  110  sq.  m.  &  16,941  in- 
habitants. 

Hadersleben,  a  seaport  of  Denmark. 
P.  6,100. 

Hadfield,  a  twnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  Der- 
by.    P.  1,499. 

Hadhaz,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  Sza- 
bolcs.     P.  3,700. 

Hadisa,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
pash.  Bagdad,  on  the  Euphrates. 

Hadji- Abeasse,  a  vill.  of  Asia-Minor, 
pash.  Anatolia,  on  the  Barton. — —II.  {H. 
Hatnza),  a  neat  country  town,  Anatolia. 

III.  (Oglou  Bazardjlk),  a  town  of 

Europ.  Turkey,  Bulgaria. 

-    Hadjypoor,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  pre- 

sid.  Bengal,  dist.  Tibet,  on  the  Ganges. 

Hadleigh,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl.,  co. 
Suffolk.     P.  3,679. 


Hadley,  t.,  Hampshire  co.  Mass.,  con- 
nected with  Northampton  by  a  bridge 
over  the  Conn.  1,080  ft.  long.     P.  1,814. 

Hadmersleben,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  on  the  Bode.     P.  1,000. 

Hadol,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Vosges.     P.  3,140. 

Hadramaut,  a  country  of  AraWa, 
along  its  S.E.  coast  from  Oman  to  Ye- 
men, with  which  latter  region  it  consti- 
tuted the  anc.  Arabia  Felix. 

Haeght,  &  Haelen,  two  comms.  & 
vills.  of  Belgium,  the  former,  prov.  N. 
Brab.,  cap.  cant.  P.  1,400 ;  the  latter, 
prov.  Limbourg.     P.  2,0l6. 

Haeltert,  &  Haeringhe,  two  comms. 

&    vills.    of    Belgium. 1,    prov.    E. 

Flanders.      P.    3,252. II.    prov.    W. 

Flanders,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,936. 

Haerlebeke,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Bel- 
gium, prov.  W.  Flanders,  cap.  cant.,  on 
the  Lys.     P.  4,486. 

Haerlem,  p-v..  New  York  co.  N.  Y. 
II.  t.,  Del.  CO.  N.  Y.     P.  1,000. 

Habsdonck,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Bel- 
gium, prov.  E.  Flanders.     P.  2,551. 

Haff,  a  lagoon  of  Prussian  Pomera- 
nia.     L.  29  m. ;  greatest  br.  13  m. 

Haffeer,  a  vill.  of  Nubia,  on  the  1.  b. 
of  the  Nile. 

Hafnerzell  &  Hafnehbach,  two 
vills.  of  S.  Germany,  the  former  in  Ba- 
varia, on  the  Danube  ;  the  latter,  Lower 
Austria,  West  St.  Polten. 

Hafsloe,  a  vill.  of  Norway.    P.  2,100. 

Hage  &  Hagelberg,  two  vills.  of 
Germany ;  the  former,  Hanover ;  the 
latter,  Prussia,  proy.  Brandenburg. 

Hagen,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westpha- 
lia, on  the  Volme.     P.  4,500. 

Hagenow,  a  town  of  N.  Germany, 
grand  duchy,  Mecklenb.-Schwerin.  P. 
2,657. 

Hagerstown,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Washing- 
ton CO.  Md.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  & 
built  mostly  of  stone  &  brick.     P.  3,696. 

Hagetmau,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Landes,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,830. 

Hagia  &  Hagios,  several  small  vills. 
of  Greece  ;  and  an  island,  Hagios-Strati, 
Grecian  archip.,  belonging  to  Turkey. 

Hagia,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Tbessaly.  Inhab.  by  about  800  fami- 
lies. 

Hague  (The),  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, cap.  prov.  of'S.  Holland,  &  the 
usual  residence  of  the  court  &  of  the 
States-general,  on  a  branch  of  the  Ley- 
den  &  Rotterdam  canal,  4  m.  from  the 
N.  sea.  It  is  enclosed  by  a  moat,  cross- 
ed by  drawDridges,  &  many  streets  are 
intersected  by  canals,  bordered  with  rows 


'fSt' 


hal] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


357 


of  trees.     It  has  14  churches  &  a  royal 
library  of  about  100,000  vols. 

Hague  (Cape  La),  a  headland  of 
France,  often  improperly  called  Cape  La 
Hague.,  opposite  the  island  Alderney. 

Haguenau,  «,  comm.  &  fortified  town 
of  France,  dep.  B.  Rhin,  cap.  cant.,  on  the 
Moder.     P.  7,743. 

Haida,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circ.  Leit- 
meritz.     P.  1,432. 

Haidhausen,  a  vill.  of  Upper  Bavaria, 
on  the  Isar.     P.  3,700. 

Haiger  &  Haigerloch,  two  vills.  of 
Germany,  the  former  in  duchy,  on  the 
Dille,  with  1,125  inhabitants;  the  latter, 
in  princ.  Hohenz-Sigmaringen,  with 
1,360  inhabs. 

Haigh,  a  twnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  Lan- 
caster.    P.  1,303. 

Hai-Kheou-So,  a  marit.  town,  island 
Hainan,  China  sea. 

Hailsham,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl.,  eo! 
Sussex.     P.  1,586. 

Haina,  a  riv.  &  bay  of  Hayti  ;  the  riv. 
is  38  m.  long. 

Haina,  a  vill.  of  H.-Cassel,  prov.  Ober 
Hessen. 

Hainan,  a  large  isl.  belonging  to 
China,  prov.  Quangtong,  separating  the 
gulf  of  Tonquin  from  the  China  sea. 
Estimated  area,  12,000  sq.  m.  P.  1,000,- 
000  Chinese,  exclusive  of  wild  tribes  in 
the  interior.  It  has  some  pretty  large 
rivs. ;  coasts  generally  rocky,  but  the  W. 
is  low,  &  the  S.  has  several  good  harbs. 

Hainau,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
on  the  Deichsel.     P.  3,600. 

Hainault,  a  forest  of  Engl.,  co.  Es- 
sex. 

Hainaijlt,  a  frontier  prov.  of  Belgium, 
cap.  Mons,  bounded  W.  &  S.  by  France. 
Area,  1,430  sq.  m.  P.  715,796.  Sur- 
face generally  level. 

Hainburg,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria, 
on  the  Danube.     P.  3,844. 

Haine,   a  riv.  of  Belgium,  prov.  Hai- 
nault.    L.  40  m. — Maine  St.  Pierre  is  a 
-vill.  on  it,  12  m.  "W.  Charleroi. 

Hainewalde,  a  vill.  of  Saxony,  near 
the  Elbe.     P.  2,571. 

,     Hainichen,   a  town  of  Saxony.     P. 
5,580. 

Hains,  t.,  Centre  co.  Pa.     P.  2,002. 

Hai-tan,  an  island  of  the   strait  of 
■    Formosa,  China  sea. 

Haitereach,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg. 
P.  1,933. 

Hajiabad,  a  small  town  of  Persia, 
prov.  Kirman,  near   the   centre  of  the 

Persian   gulf.      P.   700. II.   a  vill., 

prov.  Irak-Ajemi,  near  Teheran. — Haji, 
or   Hadji  is   a  prefix  of  the  names  of 


numerous  vills.  in  Turkish  Kurdistan  & 
Armenia. 

Hajilar,  a  vill.  of  Asia-Minor,  pash 
Karamania. 

Hajvgunge,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

Hajypoor,  two  towns  of  India. 1. 

presid.   Bengal,  prov.  Bahar,  on  the  N. 

bank  of  the  Ganges. II.  Punjab,  on  1. 

b.  of  the  Chenab. 

Hakary,  a  mountain  dist.  of  Turkish 
Kurdistan.  Estimated  pop.  50,000  fami- 
lies (?),  Nestorian  Christians. 

Hakersay,  one  of  the  smallest  He- 
brides. 

Hakim-Khan,  a  small  town  of  Asi- 
atic Turkey,  pash.  Sivas. 

Hal,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov.  S.  Bra- 
bant, cap.  cant.,  on  the  Senne.     P,  6,507. 

Halas,  a  market  town  of  Hungary, 
between  the  Danube  &  Theiss,  co.  Pesth, 
on  the  Lake  Halasto.     P.  10,330. 

Halberstadt,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  cap.  circ.  on  the  Holzemme.  P. 
18,394.  It  is  built  in  an  antique  Gothic 
style. 

Haldensleben  (New),  a  town  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  cap.  circ,  on  the  Ohre. 
P.  4,700. —  Old  Haldensleben  is  an  ad- 
jacent vill.     P.  1,749. 

Haldubary,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  &  prov.  Bengal. 

Halesowen,  a  market  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Worcester.     P.  2,056. 

Halesworth,  a  market  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Suffolk,  on  the  Blyth.     P.  2,652. 

Halewood,  a  t.  of  England,  co.  Lan- 
caster.    P.  1,101. 

Halfay,  a  town  of  Nubia,  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Nile. 

Half  Moon,  p-t.,  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  2,788. II.  p-t.,  Centre  co.  Pa.    P. 

1,406. 

Half  Moon  Keys,  are  some  reefs  & 
islets,  E.  of  the  S.  extremity  of  Jamaica. 
— Half  Moon  Islands  are  a  group,  E. 
archipelago. 

Halibut  Island,  an  island  of  the  N. 
Pacific  oceati,  near  the  S.W.  extremity 
of  the  peninsula  Aliashka.    Circum.  22  m. 

Halicz,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
on  the  Dniester.     P.  1,830. 

Halifax,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
York,  W.  Riding,  on  the  Calder.'  P. 
120,943.  The  woollen  manuf.  was  intro- 
duced here  early  in   the   15th  century. 

II.   a  marit.  city  &  cap.  of  Nova 

Scotia,  on  its  S  E.  coast.  It  stands  on  a 
declivity  facing  its  noble  harbor,  &  is. 
handsome.  About  100  large  square-rig- 
ged vessels,  &  a  like  number  of  schoon- 
ers, besides  small  craft,  belong  to  the 


858 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[ham 


port,  which  engrosses  nearly  the  whole 
foreign  trade  of  the  colony.     P.  10,000. 

III.  S.  CO.,   Va.     Area,  759  sq.  m. 

Cap.    Bannister.      Staple,   tobacco.       P. 

25.962. IV.   N.E.   co..  N.  C.     Area, 

720  sq.  m.  Cap.  Halifax.  Staple,  cot- 
ton.   P.  16,589. V.  t.,  Windham  co. 

Vt.      P.    1,399. VI.     p-t.,     Dauphin 

CO.  Pa.     P.  2,608. VII.  p-v.,  port  of 

entry,  cap.  Halifax  co.  N.  C,  on  the 
Roanoke  7  m.  below  the  great  falls.  It 
has  consid.  trade. — Halifax  bay,  N.E. 
Australia. 

Halkett  (Cape),  a  headland  of  Rus- 
sian Amer.,  on  the  Arctic  ocean. 

Hall,  several  towns  of  Germany. 

I.  Wiirtemberg,  circ.   Jaxt,  on  the  Ko- 

cher.     P.  6,489. II.  {Nieder  Hall),  a 

town  W.  of  Ingelfingen,  on  the  Kocher, 

with   salt   springs. III.    Tyrol,    circ. 

Lower  Innthal,  on  the  Inn.      P.  4,969. 

IV.  N.E.  CO.  Ga.     Area,  528  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Gainesville.     P.  8,713. 

Halla,  a  considerable  town  of  Scinde, 
Hindostan,  with  extensive  manufactures. 

Hallamshire,  a  dist.  of  England,  co. 
York,  W.  riding. 

Hallau,  a  frontier  vill.  of  Switzerland, 
with  mineral  springs.     P.  2,641.  x 

Halle,  a  city  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
circ,  on  the  Saale.  P.  29,800.  It  is  old 
&  ill  built,  &  divided  into  several  quar- 
ters, each  with  its  own  magistracy.  Out- 
side of  the  walls  E.-ward  is  a  monument 
to  the  Germans  who  fell  in  the  battle  of 
Leipzig.  Its  university,  founded  in  1694, 
.&  long  famous  for  theology,  had  united 
to  it  in  1815,  that  of  Wittemberg,  &  pos- 
sesses a  library  of  64,000  vols.  Near  the 
city  are  salt  springs,  yielding  225,000  to 

300,000  cwt.  of  salt  annually. II.  a 

town  of  Prussian  Westphalia.     P.  1,460. 

Hallein,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  on 
the  Salzach.  P.  5,600,  chiefly  employed 
in  mines,  yielding  300,000  cwt.  of  salt 
annually. 

Hallenberg,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Westphalia.    P.  1,560. 

^Hallencourt,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Somine.  cap.  cant.,  with  1,739  inhalDs. 

Hallgaeth,  a  tnshp.  of  England,  co. 
Durham.     P.  2,295. 

Halliwell,  a'  tnshp.  of  England,  co. 
Lancaster.     P.  3,242. 

Hallowell,  town,  Kennebec  co.  Me. 
Consid.  shipping.     P.  4,769. 

Hall's  Islands,  British  N.  America, 
are  at  the  W.  entrance  of  Frobisher  strait. 

Hallstadt,  a  market  town  of  Upper 
Austria.  P.  1,030. II.  a  vill.  of  Ba- 
varia, on  the  Main.     P.  1,627. 

Hall's  Stream,   r.,  N.  H,  br.  of  the 


Conn.     This  stream  constitutes  part  of 
the  boundary  of  the  U.  S. 

Halluin,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Nord,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Lys.     P.  2,535. 
Hallum,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Friesland.     P.  2,300. 

Hallwyl  (Lake  of),  Switzerl.,  cant. 
Aargau,  is  an  expansion  of  the  river  Aa, 
5  m.  in  length  by  1  m.  in  breadth. 

Halmi,  a  mkt.  town  of  E.  Hungary, 
CO.  Ugocz.     P.  1,160. 

Halmstad,  a  marit.  Isen  of  Sweden, 
having    W.  the   Kattegat.     Area,  1,900 

sq.  m.    P.  94,934. II.  a  seaport  town 

of  Sweden,    cap.   Ian,    on  Laholm  bay, 
Kattegat.     P.  1,853. 

Halsbrijcke,  &  Halsdorf,  two  vills. 
of  Germany  ;  the  former  in  Saxony — P. 
1,264;  the  latter  in  Hessen-Cassel — P. 
724. 

Halstead,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  Essex,  on  the  Colne.     P.  5,710. 

Halte,  a  vill.  of  Germany,  Hanover, 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Ems. 

Haltern,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, on  the  Lippe.     P.  1,940. 

Haltwhistle,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Northumberland.     P.  1,000. 

Ham,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Somme,  cap.  cant.,  near  1.  b.  of  the 
Somme.  P.  2,447. II.  a  vill.  of  Bel- 
gium, prov.  Hainault.     P.  1,883. 

Hamad  AN,  a  city  of  Persia,  prov.  Irak- 
Ajemi,  cap.  dist.  Lat.  34°  50'  N.,  Ion. 
48°  32'  E.  P.  40,000.  It  is  meanly 
built,  &  partly  in  ruins.  Some  carpet  & 
silk  weaving  &  tanning  are  here  carried 
on,  &  a  large  trade  in  leather. 

Hamah,  &  the  Hamath  of  Scripture, 
a  city  of  Syria,  pash.  Damascus,  on  the 
Orontes.  P.  44,000.  It  is  enclosed  by 
walls,  pretty  well  built,  &  defended. 
Hamah  has  an  active  trade  with  Aleppo, 
&  other  towns  on  the  great  route  between 
Asia  &  Africa. 

Hamanlu,  a  vill.  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia. 

Hambach,  a  vill.  of  Rhenish  Bavariai, 
cant.  Neustadt,  with  2,065  inhabs. 

Hambantotte,  a  bay  &  small  seaport 
town,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ceylon. 

Hambato,  a  town  of  S.  America, 
Ecuador,  dep.  &  75  m.  S.  Quito.  Elev. 
8,860  feet.     P.  12.000.  (?) 

Hambers,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Mayenne.     P.  1,837. 

Hambie,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Manche.     P.  3,554. 

Hamburg, -the  principal  commercial 
city  of  Germany,  cap.  of  the  republic  of 
same  name,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Elbe,  about 
70  m.  from  its  mouth.     Lat.  53°  32'  51" 


ham] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


359 


N.,  Ion.  9°  58'  33"  E.  It  i3  about  4 
miles  in  circumference.  Most  of  its  old 
streets  are  narrow,  dark,  &  dirty,  &  the 
houses  of  brick,  old-fashioned,  &  ill  built. 
The  banks  of  the  Inner  Alster,  a  lake 
within  the  city,  form  the  favorite  place 
of  resort  for  the  inhabs.  It  has  a  public 
city  library,  with  180,000  vols.  The  great 
conflagration,  which  commenced  on  the 
5th  May,  1842,  burned  61  streets,  &  120 
passages  &  courts,  &  left  houseless  19,995 
of  the  pop.  Since  that  time,  a  great  por- 
tion of  the  town  has  been  rebuilt  accord- 
ing to  a  regular  plan.  Manufs.  comprise 
100  sugar  refineries,  tar,  tobacco,  &  sail 
cloth  factories,  anchor  &  iron  forges,  & 
many  manufs.  of  less  magnitude.  Ham- 
burg is  the  greatest  commercial  city  of 
the  European  continent,  its  trade  em- 
bracing every  article  bought  or  sold  in 
Germany.  P.  (184H)  188,054.  Govern- 
ment vested  in  a  senate  of  4  burgomas- 
ters. 24  citizens,  &  4  representative  col- 
leges.    Public  expenditure,  311, 700Z.  ;  & 

public  debt,  2,976,000Z. II.  p-t.,  Erie 

CO.  N.  Y.  P.  5,219.— —III.  p-v.,  Edge- 
field dist.  S.  C,  opposite  to  Augusta,  Ga., 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge 
1.000  ft.  long.     P.  647. 

Hamden,  p-t.,  Del.  CO.  N.  Y.  P.  1,919. 
II.  t.,  N.  Haven  co.  Conn.    P.  1,797. 

Hameln,    a   town    of   Hanover,    cap. 

cant,  on  the  Weser.     P.  6,191. II.  a 

vill.  of  Hanover.     P.  1,030. 

Hamilton,  a  N.E.  co.  N.  Y.  Area, 
1,064  sq.  m.  Cap.  Lake  Pleasant.  The 
middle  &  N.  parts  on  a  wilderness.     Iron 

ore  abounds.    P.  2,188. II.  S.^V.co. 

0.  Area,  400  sq.  m.  Cap.  Cincinnati. 
Extensive  trade  &  manufs.     P.  156,843. 

III.  a  S.E.co.  Tenn.     Area,  464  sq. 

m.     Cap.  Dallas.    P.  10,075. IV.  N. 

CO.  Fla.    Cap.  Jasper.    P.  2,419. V.  a 

central  co.  la.     Area,  400  sq.  m.     Cap. 

Nobbsville.     P.  12,684. VI.  a  S.E.  co. 

111.     Area,  432  sq.  m.    Cap.  McLean's- 

boro'.     P.   6,362. VII.   t.,   Essex  co. 

Mass.   P.  818. VIII.  p-t.,  Madison  co. 

N.  Y.    P.  3,599.    The  Hamilton  Literary 

&  Theological  Institution  is  here. IX. 

t.,  Atlantic  co.  N.  J.     It  is  covered  with 

pine  forest.   P.  1,565. X.  t.,  Adams  co. 

Pa.     P.  1,069. XI.  p-v.,  cap.  Butler 

CO.  0.,  on  the  Great  Miami.    P.  2,000. 

XIL  t.,    Franklin  co.  0.     P.  1,119. 

—XIII.  t.,  Jackson  co.  0.    P.  1,711. 

XIV.  t.,  Warren  co.  0.     P.  2,457. 

XV.  p-v.,  cap.  Harris  co.  Ga. XVI.  t., 

Franklin  co.  Pa.     P.  1,719. XVII.  t., 

Monroe  co.  Pa.     P.  1,508. XVIII.  a 

market  town  of  Scotland,  co.  Lanark,  on 
the  Clyde.     It  is  well  built,  though   ir- 


ergular.  Hamilton  has  been  the  princi- 
pal seat  of  imitation  cambric  weaving 
since  the  introduction  of  cotton  manufs. 
into  Scotland.     About    1,200  looms  are 

employed.      P.  9,620. XIX.   a  new  & 

thriving  town  of  Upper  Canada,  co.  Went- 
worth,  at  the  W.  end  of  Lake  Ontario.  P. 
7,475. XX.  t.,  Franklin  co.  0. 

Hamilton  Ban,  t.,  Adams  co.  P.  1,460. 

Hamm,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia, 
cap.  circ,  on  the  Lippe.     P.  6,850. 

Hammah  de  Cabes  (El),  a  town  of 
N.  Africa,  dom.  Tunis. 

Hammam,  "a  bath,"  the  name  of  nu- 
merous places  in  Africa  &  Turkey. 1. 

(H-Aida),  a  vill.  of  Anatolia. II.  {El- 

Berddah),  Algeria,  prov.  &  45  m.  E.N.E. 

Constantiue. .III.    (El-Elma),  prov. 

of  Titteri,  63  m.  S.  Algiers. IV.  {El- 

Earaoun),  a  seaport    town,    Arabia-fe- 

trea,  on  the  gulf  of  Suez. V.  {H-Lef), 

a  town  &  baths,  dom.  Tunis. — '■ — Vt. 
(Miiskutia),  Algeria,   prov.  Constantine. 

Hammamat  is  a  station  of  Egypt, 

on  the  route  between  Kosseir  &  Gheneh. 

Hammamet,  a  seaport  town  of  N. 
Africa,  dom.  Tunis,  on  the  gulf  of  Ham» 
mamet,  a  bay  of  the  Great  Syrtis.  P. 
8,000.  (7) 

Hamme,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium, 
prov.  E.  Flanders,  cap.  cant,  on  an  afiB.  of 
the  Scheldt.     P.  8,472. 

Hammelburg,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ. 
Lower  Franc,  on  the  Saale.     P.  2,630. 

Hammer,  a  vill.  of  Norway,  with  2,780 
inhabs. II.  a  vill.  of  Denmark,  Jut- 
land.  III.  a  vill.  of  Prussian  SUesia. 

Hammerfest,  the  most  N.  town  of 
Europe,  Norway,  prov.  Finmark,  on  the 
Qual-oe  (whale  is!.),  of  which  it  is  the 
chief  port.  Lat.  70°  40'  7"  N.,  Ion.  23° 
35'  43"  E.     P.  800. 

Hammersmith,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co. 
Middlesex,  on  the  Thames. 

Hammerstein,  a  town  of  W.  Prussia. 
P.  1,920. 

Hammond,  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.Y. 
P.  1,845. 

Hammond  Islands,  Pacific  ocean,  Sol- 
omon group,  are  in  lat.  8°  40'  S.,  Ion 
157°  20'  E. 

Hamoon,  a  large  moras"s,  or  lake  of  E. 
Persia.  L.  70  m.,  br.  from  15  to  20  m. 
It  receives  the  Helmund. 

Hampden,  S.  co.  Mass.  Cap.  Spring- 
field.    Extensive  manufs.  P.  51,281. 

II.  t.,  Penobscot  co.  Me.     P.  3,195. 

Hampshire,  a  W.  co.  Mass.  Area, 
532  sq.  m.  Cap.  Northampton.  Exten- 
sive manufs.     P.  35,782. II.  N.  co. 

Va.  Area,  960  sq.  m.  Cap.  Kommey. 
P.  14,036. 


360 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[han 


Hampstead,  t.,  Rockingham  co.  N.  11. 
P.  900. 

Hampton,  t.,   Rockingham   co.  N.  H. 

P.  1,320. II.  t.,  Washington  co.  N.  Y. 

P.   899. III.    t.,  Windham  co.  Conn. 

P.    1,116. IV.    p-v.,    cap.    Elizabeth 

city  CO.  Va.,  on  W.  side  of  Hampton  r. 
P.  1,200. 

Hampton  Roads,  Va.,  a  br.  of  Chesa- 
peake bay,  between  Old  Point  Comfort 
&  Willoughby  bay.  An  important  naval 
station.  The  entrance  is  commanded  by 
formidable  forts. 

Hamptonbueg,  p-t..  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  1,343. 

Hamtramck,  t.,  Wayne  co.  Mich.  P. 
2,000. 

Han,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov.  Namur. 

II.  a  mkt.  town  of  Dalmatia,  circ. 

Spalatro,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Cettina. — The 
Han-kiang  is  a  riv.  of  Corea,  which  en- 
ters the  strait  of  Corea  after  a  S.-ward 
course  of  nearly  180  m. . 

Hanau,  a  town^  of  Germany,  Hessen- 
Cassel,  cap.  prov.  on  the  1.  b.  of  the  Kin- 
zig.  P.  15,265.  It  consists  of  an  old  & 
a  new  town,  the  latter  well  built. 

Hancock,  S.E.  co..  Me.     Area,  1,850 

sq.  m.     Cap.  Castine.     P.  34,372. II. 

a  N.E.  CO.  Ga.     Area,  600  sq.  m.     Cap. 

Sparta.       P.     11,573. III.    countv, 

Tenn.     P.  5,660. IV.  county  of  W. 

Va.      P.  4,050. -V.  county,   Ala.     P. 

1,542. VI.  S.E.  county.  Miss.      Cap. 

Shieldsboro'.      Area,    1,680  sq.   m.      P. 

3,672. -VII.  N.  CO.  Ky.     Area,  200  sq. 

m.  Cap.  Hawesville.  P.  3,853. — • — 
VIII.  N.W.  CO.  0.  Area,  576  sq.  m. 
Cap.  Findlay.  P.  16,751. IX.  a  cen- 
tral CO.  la.     Area,  310  sq.  m.     P.  9,618. 

X.  a  W.  county.  111.     Area,  775 

m.     Cap.  Carthage.      P.  14,652. — 

t.,   Hillsboro'  CO.  N.  H.     P.  1,345. 

XII.  t.,  Berkshire  co.  Mass.     P.  922. 

XIII.  p-t.,  Del.  CO.  N.Y.     P.  1,798. 
Handa,  an  islet  of  Scotl.,  co.  Suther- 
land. 

Handah,  or  Handak,  a  town  of  Nu- 
bia, on  1.  b.  of  the  Nile. 

Handfokth,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co. 
Chester. 

Handschuhsheim,  a  vill.  of  Ger- 
many, grand  duchy  Baden,  circ.  Lower 
Rhine,  on  the  Main.     P.  2,143. 

Handzaeme,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Bel- 
gium, prov.  W.  Flanders.     P.  2,646. 

Hang-chow-foo,  an  important  city 
of  China,  cap.  prov.  Che-kiang,  on  the 
Tsien-tang-kiang.  It  is  said  to  be  very 
populous,  well  built,  &  to  have  exten- 
sive manufs.  of  silk,  &  a  very  active  gen- 
eral trade. 


-II: 


Hangoo,  a  small  town  of  AfTghanistan, 
on  the  Punjab  frontier,  with  1,500  inhab. 
Hango  Udde,  a  promontory  on  the  N. 
coast  of  the  gulf  of  Finland. 
Hangwelly,  a  vill.  of  Ceylon. 
Han-kiang,  a  considerable   river  of 
China,  prov.  Shen-si  &  Hou-pe.     L.  550 
m. — — II.  a  riv.,  Corea.     L.  200  m. 

Hankin,  a  marit.  town  of  Corea,  B. 
Asia,  at  the  mouth  of  a  riv.  on  its  E. 
coast. 

Hanlar,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Rumili. 
Hanley,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  Stafford. 
Hannibal,  p-t.,  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.     P. 

,2,857. II.  p-v.,  Marion  co.  Mo.     P. 

700. 

Hannut,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
Belgium,  prov.  Liege.     P.  1,075. 

Hanover,  a  city  of  N.  Germany,  cap. 
kingd.  of  Hanover,  on  the  Leine,  an  afS. 
of  the  Weser.  Lat  52°  22'  16"  N. ;  Ion. 
go  44'  40"  E.  P.  28,055.  It  stands  in  a 
sandy  plain,  &,  div.  by  the  riv.  into  an  old 
&  a  new  town,  the  former  ill-built,  the 
latter  regularly  laid  out,  &  comprising  a 
fine  esplanade,  on  which  are  the  monu- 
mental rotunda  of  Leibnitz,  &  a  column, 
156  feet  in  height,  erected  to  the  Hano- 
verians who  fell  at  Waterloo.  Transit 
trade  with  Bremen,  &c.,  is  considerable  ; 
&  here  is  an  exchange  for  mining  pro- 
duce. 
Hanover,    co.,    E.  Va.    Area,  630  sq. 

m.     Cap.  Hanover.     P.  15,153. II.  t., 

Grafton  co.  N.  H.,  on  the  Conn.  P. 
2,611.  Dartmouth  College,  founded  in 
1770,  is  located  here. III.  t.,  Ply- 
mouth CO.  Mass.     P.  1,488. IV.  p-t., 

Chautauque   co.  N.  Y.,    on   Lake   Erie. 

P.    5,144. V.    p-t.,    Morris   co.   N.  J. 

Manufs.  P.  4,000. VI.  t.,  Burling- 
ton CO.  N.  J.    P.  3,045. VII.  t.,  York 

CO.  Pa.     P.  1,071. VIII.  t.,  Dauphin 

CO.    Pa.       P.  2,772. IX.   t.,    Lehigh 

CO.    Pa.      P.  1,341. X.    t.,  Beaver  co. 

Pa.     P.  1,662. XI.  p-t.,  Washington 

CO.  Pa.      P.   2,002. XII.  t.,  Luzerne 

CO.  Pa.     P.  1,938. XIII.  t,  Butler  CO. 

0.    P.  1,680. XIV.  t.,  Columbiana  co. 

0.      P.  2,539. XV.  t.,  Shelby  co.  la. 

P.    1,438. XVI.  c.  H.,  cap.  Hanover 

CO.  Va. XVII.   kingd.   of,  a   country 

of  Germany,  in  the  N.,  on  the  German 
ocean,  cap.  Hanover.  It  is  of  a  very  ir- 
regular form,  &  composed  of  2  principal 
portions,  separated  by  Brunswick.  The 
N.  portion  is  bounded  N.  bj'  the  German 
ocean.  The  S.  portion  is  bounded  N. 
by  Brunswick,  S.  &  E.  by  Prussia  & 
Brunswick.  Inclosed  within  the  terri- 
tory is  the  grand  duchy  of  Oldenburg, 


« 


hah] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


361 


the  free  town  of  Bremen,  &  part  of 
Brunswick.  Area,  14,811  sq.  m.  P. 
1,773,711.  Surface  flat  in  the  IST.,  form- 
ing part  of  the  great  plain  of  Germany  ; 
&  mountns.  in  the  .S.  The  coasts  are 
under  the  level  of  the  sea,  from  the  eu- 
eroachments  of  which  they  are  protected 
by  dykes.  Hanover  is  watered  by  3  of 
the  chief  rivs.  of  Germany.  Mining  is 
the  most  important  branch  of  industry. 
There  are  several  mineral  springs,  some 
of  which  have  ^stabs.  of  baths.  The 
princip.  manuf.  is  that  of  linen.  Al- 
lliough  advantageously  situated  on  the 
N.  sea,  &  traversed  by  navigable  rivs., 
the  commerce  of  Hanover  is  not  exten- 
sive. Emden  is  the  chief  port.  Princip. 
exports,  linens,  yarns,  &  agricultural 
produce.  Imports  comprise  manuf.  goods, 
colonial  produce,  wine,  &  spirits.  Pub- 
lic rev.  (1848-9),  estiin.  at  4,087,995  dolls. ; 
expend.  3,979,224  do.  Public  debt  (1848), 
23,233,960. XIX.  a.  b.,  York  co.  Pa. 

Hanover  Island,  S.  Amer.,  W.  Pata- 
gonia, is  in  lat.  51°  S.,  Ion.  74°  30'  W. 

Hansbeke,  a  eomm.  &  vill.  of  Bel- 
gium, prov.  Hainault.    P.  2,749. 

Hansdorf  (Low.  &  Upp.),  two  con- 
tiguous vills.  of  Pruss.  Silesia. 

Hanse  Towns,  a  name  given  to  the 
towns  of  Hamburg,  Liibeck  &  Bremen,  the 
only  remaining  members  of  the-  Hanseatic 
league.     This  league  was  begun  in  1241. 

Hansi,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Bengal,  IJpp.  provs. 

Hanson,  t.,  Plymouth,  co.  Mass.  P. 
1,040. 

Hansoot,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  pre- 
sid. Bombay.     P.  4,000. 

Han-tchong,  an  inland  city  of  China, 
prov.  Shen-si ;  cap.  dep.,  on  the  Han-ki- 
ang  river. 

Hanusfalva,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.  Hun- 
gary, CO.  Saros,  on  the  Tapoly.  P. 
1,300. 

Hanvec,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Finestere.     P.  2,763. 

Han-yang-foo,  a  city  of  China,  prov. 

Hou-pe. II.  a  name  of  Kiang-ki-tao, 

the  cap.  city  of  Corea. 

Hapsal,  a  seaport  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Esthonia.     P.  1,500. 

Hara,  a  town  &  a  lake  of  the  Chinese 
empire  ;  the  town  in  Mongolia. 

Harakah,  a  statu,  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia,  on  the  N.  shore  of  its  gulf. 

Haramuk,  a  mntn.  of  Central  Asia,  in 
the  Himalaya.     Elev.  13,000  feet. 

Harapa,  a  vill.  of  the  Punjab,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Ravee. 

Hasay,  2  islets  of  Scotland,  off  the  E. 
coast  of  Shetland  mainland. 

16 


Haebonni&res,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Somme,  15  m.  N.JS'.E.  Mont- 
didier.     P.  2,250. 

Harbor  Creek,  p-t.,  Erie  co.  Pa.  P. 
1,843. 

Harbor-Grace,  a  marit.  town  of  New- 
foundland, on  the  W.  side  of  Conception 
bay. 

Harbueg,  2   towns   of  Germany. 

I.  Hanover,  on  the  S.  branch  of  the  Elbe. 

P.  5,053. II.  a  mkt.  town  of  Bavaria, 

circ.  Swabia,  on  the  AVernitz.     P.  1,459. 

Harcourt,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 

dep.  Eure.     P.  1,339. II.  {H.  Thury), 

Cavaldos.     P.  1,008. 

Hardanger  (Field),  a  subdivision  of 
the  great  mntn.  system  of  Scandinavia. 

Highest  point,  6,000  feet  in  elev. II. 

(Fiord),  a  gulf  of  the  N.  sea. 

Hardegsen,  a  town  of  Hanover,  landr. 
Hildesheim.     P.  1,291. 

Hardeman,  S.E.  co.  of  Tenn.  Area, 
720  sq.m.     Cap.  Bolivar.     P.  17,456. 

Harderwick,  a  seaport  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  prov.  Guolderland,  cap.  dist., 
on  the  Zuyder-zee.     P.  5,538. 

Hardheim,  a  mkt.  town  of  Germany, 
grand  duchy  Baden,  circ.  Lower  Rhine. 
P:  1,891. 

Hardin,  S.W.  co.  Tehn.  Area,  768 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Savannah.     P.  10,328. 

II.  N.  CO.  Ky.    Area,  1,200  sq.  m.     Cap. 

Elizabethtown.    P.  14,525. IIL  N.W. 

CO.  0.     Area,  480  sq.  m.     Cap.  Kenton. 

P.  8,251. IV.  S.    CO.  111.     Area,  100 

sq.  m.  Abounds  in  iron  &  lead  ore.  P. 
2,887. 

Hardinghen,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Pas-de-Calais.     P.  1,334. 

Hardinsburg,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Brecken- 
ridge  co.  Ky. 

Hahdinxveld,  a  vill.  of  the  Nether- 
lands, prov.  S.  Holland,  on  the  Maas. 
P.  3,155. 

Hardwich,  t.,  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  P. 
1,354. 

Hardwick,    t.,    Worcester  co.    Mass. 

P.  1,789. II.  t.,  Warren  co.  N.  J.     P. 

1,954. III.  mountains,  E.  Australia, 

are  in  lat.  30°  S.,  elev.  3,500  feet. — — 
IV.  (Bay),  S.  Australia,  in   an  inlet  of 

Spencer  gulf. V.  {Island),  British  N. 

Amer.,  in  Charlotte  sound. 

Hardy,  N.  co.  Va.     Area,  1,156  sq.  m. 

Cap.    Moorfield.      P.   9,543. IL    t., 

Holmes  eo.  0.     P.  1,982. 

Hardy  Island,  British  India,  off  the 
coast  of  Aracan. 

Haedyston,  t.,  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  P. 
2,831. 

Hareid,  an  isl.  of  Norway,  in  the  At- 
lantic, lat.  62°  22'  N.    L.  11  m. ;  br.  8  m. 


362 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGKAPHY, 


[har 


Ha-rfleuh,  a  comm.  &  seaport  town 
of  France,  dep.  Seine  Inf.,  on  the  Lezarde. 
P.  1,611. 

Hakford,  N.E.   CO.   Ind.     Area,  480 

6q.  m.     Cap.  Beloir.     P.  19,356. II. 

p-t.,  Susquehanna  co.  Pa.    P.  1,179. 

Haringvliet,  a  mouth  of  the  Rhine 
or  Maese,  prov.  S.  Holland.     Br.  2J  m. 

Harios,  t..  Centre  co.  Pa.     P.  2,002. 

Haripooe,  several  towns  of  the  Punjab, 
at  the  base  of  the  Himalaya  mntns. 

Harlan,  S.E.  co.  Ky.  Area,  480  sq.  m. 
Cap.' Mount  Pleasant.     P.  4,268. 

Harlaw,  a  locality  in  Scotland,  eo. 
Aberdeen. 

Harlech,  a  mkt.  town,  N.  Wales,  co. 
Merioneth,  on  the  Irish  sea. 

Harleston,  a  small  market  town  of 
England,  co.  Norfolk.     P.  1,425. 

Harling  (East),  a  market  town  of 
England,  co.  Norfolk.     P.  1,062. 

Harlingen,  a  fortified  maritime  town 
of  the  Netherlands,  prov.  AV.  Priesland, 
cap.  dist.,  near  the  entrance  of  the 
Zuyder-zee.  P.  7,950.  It  is  well  built, 
&  intersected  by  canals. 

Harman,  p-v.,  Washington  eo.  0. 

Harmersbach,  a  populous  valley  of 
the  grand  duchy  Baden,  extending  about 
17  m.  in  length,  &  having  3,666  inhabs. 

Harmony,  t.,   Somerset  eo.  Mo.     P. 

1,096. II.  p-t.,  Chautaaque  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  3,749. III.  p-t,  Warren  co.  N.  J. 

P.   1,602. IV.  t.,    Clark  co.   0.     P. 

1,660. V.  t.,Wash'gton  co.  Mo.  P.  789. 

Harnes,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Pas-des-Calais.     P.  2,150. 

Haro,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Logroiio, 
near  1.  b.  of  the  Ebro.     P.  5,928. 

Harp,  Pacific  ocean,  Low  archipelago, 
is  in  lat.  18°  6'  S.,  Ion.  140°  10'  W. 

Harper'  s  Ferry,  a  vill.,  Virginia,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Shenandoah  with  the 
Potomac  (which  latter  is  here  crossed  by 
a  long  bridge),  &  on  the  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  railway,  50  m.  N.N.W.  Washington. 
It  is  very  picturesquely  situated,  has  3 
churches,  an  iron  foundry,  &  a  national 
armory.  80  or  90,000  stand  of  arms  are 
usually  kept  here.     P.  1,747. 

Harpersfield,   p-t.,    Del.  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  1,708. II.   p-t.,  AshtabiUa  co.  0. 

P.  1,604. 

Harpeth,  riv.,  Tenn.  br.  of  the  Cum- 
berland, 60  m.  long. 

Harponelly,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras. 

Harpswell,  t.,  Cumberland  co.  Mo. 
P.  1,448. 

Harran,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey. 
Near  it  Crassus  was  defeated  by  the  Par- 
thians,  b.c.  53. 


Harrar,  a  town  of  E.  Africa,  dom. 
Shoa  (Abyssinia). 

Harraton,  a  tnshp.  of  England,  co. 
Durham.    P.  1,601. 

Harriettstown,  town,  Franklin  co. 
N.  Y.     P.  181. 

Harrington,  a  ^mall  seaport  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Cumberland.     P.  1,934.     ' 

Harrington,  t.,  Washington  co.  Me. 

P.  1,542. H.  town,    Bergen  co.  N.  J. 

P.  1,130. 

Harrington-Inlet,  i5.  Australia,  is 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Manning  river. 

Harriorpoor,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

Harris,  W.  co.  Ga.  Area,  440  sq.  m. 
Cap.  Hamilton.  P.  14,721. II.  coun- 
ty, Texas.    P.  4,668. III.  p-t..  Centre 

CO.  Pa.     P.  1,798. IV.  a  district  of 

the  Hebrides,  Scotland,  forming  a  penin- 
sula. 

Harrisburg,  a  city,  cap.  Pennsylvania, 
on  the  Susquehanna,  here  crossed  by  a 
covered  railway  bridge,  2,876  feet  in 
length,  95  m.  W.N.W.  Philadelphia,  & 
96  m.  N.  Washington.  It  is  well  built, 
mostly  of  brick ;  has  a  fine  state-house. 
P.  6,000. 

Harrison,  N.W.  CO.  Va.     Area,  1,095. 

Cap.  Clarksville.    P.  11,728. II.  N.E. 

CO.  Ky.    Area,  366  sq.m.     Cap.  Cynthi- 

ana.     P.  12,964. III.   an    E.   co.   0. 

Area,  486  sq.  m.    Cap.  Cadiz.   P.  20,157. 

IV.  a  S.  CO.  la.    Area.  470  sq.  m.  Cap. 

Corydon.  P.  15,286. V. county,  Texas. 

P.  11,822. VI.  S.  CO.  Miss.   Area,  870 

sq.  m.^ VII.  county,  Mo.  P.  2,447. 

VIII.  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.  Me.  P.  1,243. 

IX.   t.,  WestchesCer  co.   N.  Y.     P. 

1,262. X.  t.,  Hudson  co.  N.  J. XI. 

t.,  Carroll  co.  0.     P.   1,308. XII.  t., 

Drake    co.  0.      P.    1,667. XIII.   t-, 

Pickaway  CO.   0.    P.   1,149. XIV.    t., 

Harrison  co    la.     P.    3,253. XV.  t., 

Perry  CO.  0.     P.  1,034. 

Harrisonburg,  p-v.,  cap.  Rockingham 

CO.  Va.    P.   1,100. II.   p-v.,  cap.  Ca- 

tahoola  pa.  La. 

Harrisville,  town^  Medina  co.  0.  P. 
1,255. 

Harrisonvile,  p-v.,  cap.  Van  Buren 
CO.  Mo. 

Harhodsburg,  p-v.,  cap.  Mercer  co. 
Ky.,  on  a  br.  of  Salt  riv.  Bacon  college 
is  loated  here ;  also  a  min.  spring  much 
resorted  to. 

Harrogate,  a  tnship,&  one  of  the  prin- 
cipal watering  places  of  Engl.,  co.  York, 
(W.  Riding.)  P.  3,371.  It  consists  of  2 
vills.,  High  &  Low  Harrogate,  the  latter 
in  a  valley,  the  former  on  an  elevated 
plain. 


has] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


363 


Harrold,  a  small  mkt.  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Bedford.     P.  1.007. 

Harrold' s  Cross,  a  vill.  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  co.  Dublin.     P.  2,789. 

Harrow-on-the-hill,  avill.  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Middlesex.  It  contains  a  cele- 
brated grammar  school,  esteemed  one  of 
the  best  public  schools  in  England,  &  at 
which  some  of  the  greatest  characters  of 
this  century,  including  the  late  Lord  By- 
ron &  Sir  R.  Peel,  were  educated.  It 
was  founded  by  John  Lyon,  a  wealthy 
yeoman,  in  1571. 

Harsewinkel,  &  Harsleben,  two 
Tills,  of  Prussia,  the  former,  prov.  West- 
phalia, with  1,042  inhabs.,  the  latter, 
prov.  Saxony.     P.  1,700. 

Harsin,  a  vill.  of  300  houses,  Persia, 
prov.  Irak-Ajemi. 

Harson  Island,  Upp.  Canada,  is  at  the 
entrance  of  the  river  into  the  L.  St.  Clair. 

Hart,  S.W.  co.  Ky.      Area,  432  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Mumfordsville.    P.  9,093. II.  t., 

Warwick  eo.  la.     P.  900. 

Haeta,  a  town  of  Saxony.    P.  1,941. 

Hartberg,  a  town  of  Styria.    P.  1,500. 

Hartenstein,  a  town  of  Saxony,  near 
the  Mulde,  with  1,947  inhabs. 

Hartfell,  a  mountain  in  the  S.  of 
Scotland,  elevation,  2,635  feet. 

Hartford,  a  central  co.  Conn.  Area, 
727  sq.  m.  Organized  in  1666.  Cap. 
Hartford.     A  rich  farming  co.     Various 

&  extensive  manufs.     P.  69,966. II. 

city,  semi-cap.  of  the  state  of  Conn.,  on 
the  W.  side  Conn,  river,  56  m.  from  its 
mouth.  Pop.  in  1840,  9,468 ;  in  1850, 
13,555.  It  is  mostly  well-built ;  has  a 
covered  bridge  across  the  river,  1,000  ft. 
in  length;  a  handsome  state-house,  a 
large  city-hall,  college,  with  library,  bo- 
tanical garden,  museum,  &c.,  &  about  80 
students ;  a  well-endowed  deaf  &  dumb 
asylum,  the  first  established  in  the  U.  S., 
an  excellent  lunatic  asylum,  an  arsenal, 
museum,  athenaeum,  with  manufs.  of 
shoes,  saddlery,  woollens,  cottons,  brass- 
work,  &  a  large  inland  trade.  It  is  an 
ambitious  little  city.  Hartford  was  set- 
tled in  1633  &   incorp.  in  1784. III. 

t.,  Windsor  CO.  Vt.     P.   2,174. IV.  t., 

Oxford  CO.  Me.  P.  1,472. V.  t.,  Sus- 
quehanna CO.  Pa.  P.  1,179.— — VI.  p-t., 
Washington  CO.  N.  T.     P.  2,051.— —VII. 

p-t.,  cap.  TrumbuUeo.  0.     P.  1,123. 

VIII.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Ohio  co.  Ky. IX. 

t.,  Licking  eo.  0.    P.  1,355. X.  vill., 

Pulaski  CO.  G-a.,  on  the  Oekmulgee. XI. 

p-v.,  cap.  Blackford  co.  la. 

Harthau,  a  vill.  of  Saxony,  circ. 
_Zwickau.  P.  1,256. — Gross  Harthau  is 
a  vill.  in  the  circ.  Dresden. 


Hartland,  t.,  Somerset  co.   Me.     P. 

1,028. II.  t.,  Windsor  co.  Vt.  P.  2,341. 

III.  t.,  Hartford  oo.  Conn.     P.  1,060. 

IV.   p-t.,    Niagara    co.   N.   Y.      P. 

3,028. V.  t.,  Huron   co.   0.     P.  925. 

VI.  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl.,  co.  Devon. 

P.  2,223. 

Hartlepool,  a  seaport  of  Engl.,  co. 
Durham. 

Hartley,  t..  Union  co.  Pa.     P.  1,866. 

Hahtsvillb,  p-v.,  Sumner  co.  Tenn. 
P.  300. 

Hartville,  cap.  Wright  co.  Mo. 

Hartwick,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
2,352.     The  v.  has  400  inhabs. 

Hartwick  Seminary,  p-v.,  Otsego  co. 
N.  Y.  Here  is  Hartwick  sem.,  a  Luthe- 
ran institution. 

Harvard,  t.,  Worcester  co.  Mas.s.  P. 
1,571. 

Harvey  Islands,  Pacific  ocean,  are 
in  lat.  19°  17'  S.,  Ion.  158°  30'  W. 

Harwich,  a  seaport  &  mkt.  town  of 

Eno-1..   CO.  Essex. II.   t.,   Barnstable 

CO.  Mass.     A  fishing  t.     P.  3,258. 

Harwington,  t.,  Litchfield  co.  Conn. 
P.  1,201. 

Harwood,  a  twnshp.  of  Engl.,  co. 
Lancaster.     P.  1,990. 

HjiRz,  a  mountain  system  of  N.W. 
Germany.  With  its  ramifications,  it  is 
estimated  to  cover  1,350  sq.  m.,  Elbe  & 
Weser.  Culminating  point,  the  Brocken, 
3,740  ft.  above  the  sea. 

Harzgerode,  a  town  of  Central  Ger- 
many, in  the  Selke  valley.     P.  2,5l7. 

Hasan- Dagh,  a  mntn.  of  Asia-Minor, 
pash.  Karamania.  It  is  of  a  picturesque 
conical  form,  8,W0  feet  in  elev. 

Hasani,  an  isl.  of  the  Red  sea,  near 
its  E.  coast. 

Hasek,  a  small  seaport  town  of  Ara- 
bia, Hadramant,  on  its  S.B.  coast. 

HaselItkne,  a  town  of  Hanover,  on 
the  Hase.    P.  1,790. 

Hasenpoth,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Courland,  near  the  Baltic.     P.  1,020. 

Hasiki,  the  W.-most  of  the  Curia  Ma- 
ria isls.,  off  the  S.  coast  of  Arabia. 

Haslach,  several  small  towns  of  Ger- 
many.  1,    grand   duchy  Baden,  circ. 

Middle  Rhine,  on  the  Kinzig.     P.  1,720. 

II.   Upper   Austria,    on   the    Miihl. 

The  Haslach  riv.  is  an  afifl.  of  the  Rodach, 
in  Franconia.    P.  1,300. 

Hasli,  a  valley  of  Switzerland,  near 
the  S.E.  extremity  of  the  cant.  Bern. 

Haslingden,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl.,  co. 
Lancaster.     P.  8,063. 

Hasparren,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  B.  Pyrenees,  cap.  cant.  P. 
2,415. 


tt: 


364 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY, 


[hav 


Hassan,  the  name  of  numerous  places, 

W.  Asia,  &c. 1.    Hindostan,   Mysore 

dom.,  Seringapatam. II.  {H.  Abad), 

Kussian  Transcaucasia,  and  a  vill.  of 
Persia,  prov.  Irak-Ajemi,  10  m.  S.E.  Kaz- 
bin. III.  (Ago),  Asia-Minor,  Anato- 
lia, near  the  lake  of  AbuUionte. IV. 

(Batrik),  Asia-Minor,  pash.  Marash. 

V.  (Oghlan),  Anatolia. VI.  {Kalch), 

Turkish   Armenia. VII.  {Pasha  Pa- 

lanka),  Servia. 

Hasselfelde,  a  town  of  N.  Germany, 
duchy  Brunswick.     P.  1,617. 

Hasselt,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Belgium, 
cap.  prov.  Limbourg,  on  1.  b.  of  the  De- 
mer.  P.  (1842)  8,745.— II.  a  fortified 
town  of  the  Netherlands,  on  the  Zwarte- 

Water.   P.  1,871. III.  one  of  the  Lof- 

foden  islands,  Norway. 

Hassfubt,  a   town   of  Bavaria,  eirc. 
Lower  Franconia,  on  the  Main.    P.  1,880. 
Hassleben,  a  vill.  of  Saxe-Weimar, 
on  the  Gera.     P.  1,266. 

Hastings,  p-t.,  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.     P. 

2,920. II.  p-t.,  cap.  Barry  co.  Mich. 

Hastings,  a  town  of  England,  and 
one  of  its  cinque  ports,  co.  Sussex,  on  the 
English  channel.  P.  21,214.  William 
the  Conqueror  landed  here,  and  the  de- 
cisive battle  of  Hastings  was  fought  (ann. 

1066)  7  m.  N.W.  the  town. II.  a  river, 

E.  Australia. 

Hatcht,  riv.,  Tenn.,  an  afiB..  of  the 
Miss.  100  m.  long. 

Hatcoul,  a  town  of  British  India, 
Bengal. 

Hatfield,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Hertford.    P.  3,646.    The  town  is  neat 

&  clean. II.  t.,  Hampshire  co.  Mass. 

P.  933. 

Hatherleigh,  a  market  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Devon,  on  a  branch  of  the  Tor- 
ridge.     P.  1,822. 

Hatloe,  an  island  of  Norway.  L.  & 
br.  4  m.  each. 

Hatras.  a  town  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid.  Bengal,  in  the  Doab. 

Hattem,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Guelderland.     P.  2,408. 

Hatten,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Prance,  B. 
Rhin.  P.  2,079. II.  a  vill.  of  N.  Ger- 
many, grand  duchy  Oldenburg. 

Hatteras  (Cape),  a  low  promontory, 
N.  Carolina,  at  the  S.W.  end  of  a  sandy 
island,  Pamlico  sound,  lat.  35°  13'  N., 
Ion.  75°  30'  W. 

Hattia,  an  island  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  at  the  mouths  of  the 
Ganges  &  Megna,  15  m.  in  length,  &  10 
m.  in  breadth. 

Hattingen,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, on  the  Ruhr.     P.  3,690. 


Hattorf,  a  vill.  of  Hanover,  princip. 
Grubenhagen.     P.  1,375. 

Hatvan,  a  market  town  of  Central 
Hungary,  co.  Ileves.     P.  3,100. 

Hatzeg,  a  market  town  of  Transyl- 
vania, in  the  S.W.,  co.  Hunyad.    P,  1,100. 
Hatzfbld,  a  town,  Germany,  Hessen- 
Darmstadt,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Eder.     P.  950. 

-11.  a  market  town  of  Hungary,  co. 

Torontal.     P.  4,786. 

Haubordin,  a  comm.  &  town,  France, 
dep.  Nord,  cap  cant.     P.  3,092. 

Haukivesi,  a  lake  of  Finland,  22  m. 
in  length,  by  10  m.  in  breadth. 

Hauptwyl,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Thurgau.     P.  1,250. 

Hausen,  numerous  vills.  of  S.W.  Ger- 
many.—  Upper  (^-  Lower  Hausen  are 
vills.  on  the  Khine. 

Hausruck  Mountains,  Upp.  Austria. 
Haussy,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.   Nord,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Selles.     P. 
3,012. 

Hautefort,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Dordogne,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,755. 

Haute-Luce,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Savoy. 
P.  1,585. 

Hauterive  &  Haute-rivoire,  two 
comms.  &  vills.  of  France,  the  former  in 
dep.  Drome,  2,330  inhabs. ;  the  latter, 
dep.  Rhone.     P.  1,126. 

Hauteville,  several  comms.  &  vills. 
of  France,  the  principal  being  H.-la- 
Guichard. 

Hauville,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Eure.     P.  1,800. 

Hautevillers,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Marne.     P.  1,023. 

Havana,  the  cap.  city  of  the  island 
of  Cuba,  on  its  N.  coast.  Lat.  of  the 
Morro  23°  9'  4''  N. ;  Ion.  82°  22'  W.  P. 
150,000.  It  stands  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
entrance  to  a  magnificent  harbor,  capable 
of  holding  1,000  large  ships,  which  may 
also  anchor  quite  close  to  its  quays.  This 
entrance  is  defended  by  the  Morro  & 
Punta  castles,  &  further  by  a  strong  cita- 
del &  the  walls  enclosing  the  city-proper, 
which  is  separated  by  a  fosse  on  the  land 
side,  from  its  arsenal  &  the  suburbs 
Salud,  Guadalupe,  &c.,  in  which  nearly 
half  of  the  population  reside.  The  suburb 
Regla  is  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  har- 
bor. Streets  in  the  city  are  narrow  & 
ill- paved,  but  better  in  the  suburbs. 
Buildings  within  the  walls  are  wholly  of 
stone.  Here  are  a  university,  with  med- 
ical &  law  schools.  The  cigars  made 
at  Havana  have  universal  celebrity,  &  it 
has  also  manufs.  of  chocolate,  woollen 
fabrics,  &  straw  hats.  It  is  the  most 
important   commercial   city   in    the    ^Y. 


hay] 


UNIViiKSAL    GAZETTEER. 


865 


Indies.  The  trade  is  chiefly  with  Spain 
&  Spanish  America,  the  United  States, 
Great  Britain,  &  Grermany ;  but  a  con- 
siderable import  of  slaves  from  Africa  is 

still    clandestinely    maintained. II. 

p-v.,  Chemung   co.   N.  Y. III.  p-v., 

cap.  Mason  co.  111. 

Havant,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Hants.     P.  2,101. 

Have  (Le),  a  harbor  of  Nova  Scotia, 
on  its  S.E.  coast,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Have  river. 

Havel,  a  riv.  of  N.  Germ'y.    L.  180  m. 

Havelberg,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov. 
Brandenburg,  on  an  island  in  the  Havel. 
P.  3,100. 

Havehford,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.  Pa. 
P.  1,139. 

Haverford-west,  a  river  port  &  co. 
of  itself  of  S.  Wales,  cap.  co.  Pembroke, 
on  the  Cleddy,  near  its  mouth.  It  is 
picturesquely  situated  on  an  eminence. 
P.  39,382. 

Haverhill,  t.,  semi-cap.  of  Grafton  co. 

N.  H.     P.  2,405. II.  t.,  of  Essex  co. 

Mass.,  on  the  Merrimac.     P.  5,877. 

Haverhill,  a  market  town,  England, 
cos.  Essex  &  Suffolk.     P.  2,451. 

Haverstraw,  p-t.,  Rockland  co.  N.  Y. 
Stony  Point  famous  in  the  revolutionary 
history  of  this  country  is  in  this  town. 
P.  5,885. 

Havre  (Le),  or  Havre  de  Grace,  a 
comm.  &  fortified  seaport  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine  Inf.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the 
estuary  of  the  Seine,  at  its  mouth.  It  is 
situated  on  a  plain  around  its  port,  &  is 
well  built.  Its  port  is,  next  to  Mar- 
seilles, the  most  important  in  France. 
Its  citadel  is  surrounded  by  a  triple  row 
of  ramparts  and  fosses,  which  renders  it 
a  fortress  of  the  first  class. 

Havre-de-Grace,  a  seaport  of  Mary- 
I'gind,  on  the  Susquehanna,  at  its  entrance 
into  Chesapeake  bay,  &  on  the  Wilming- 
ton &  Baltimore  railway.  It  was  burned 
by  the  English  in  1813. 

Haw.,  r,  N.  C,  uniting  with  Deep  riv. 

Hawaii,  or  Owyhee,  the  largest  &  S.- 
most  of  the  Sandwich  Islands,  Pacific 
ocean,  lat.  of  S.  point,  19°  32'  N.,  Ion. 
154°  54'  W.  Estimated  area,  4,040  sq. 
m.     P.  from  80,000  to  100,000. 

Hawarden,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.  Wales, 
CO.  Flint. 

Ha  wash,  a  river  of  S.  Abyssinia.  L. 
from  460  to  500  m. 

Haw  Creek,  t.,  Morgan  co.  Mo.  P. 
608. 

Hawdon  (Lake),  South  Australia,  is 
near  lIiu  coast. 

Hawes,  a  market  town  of  England,  co. 


York,  N.  Riding,  situated  on  the  Ure. 
P.  1,611. 

Hawesville,  p-v.,  cap. Hancock  co.Ky. 

Hawes-Water,  a  lake  of  England,  CO. 
Westmoreland.     L.  3  m. 

Hawick,  a  manufacturing  town  of 
Scotl,,  CO.  Roxburgh.  It  is  picturesquely 
situated,  well  built,  &  has  an  attractive 
appearance. 

Hawke  Bay,  New-Zealand,  is  on  the 

coast  of  North  Isl. II.   Labrador,  is 

on  the  E.  coast  lat.  53°  N.,  Ion.  55°  35' 
W. —  Cape  Hawke,  E.  Australia,  N.  S. 
Wales,  CO.  Gloucester. 

Hawkesbury  (Island),  British  N. 
America,  New  Caledonia. —  H.  River,  E. 
Australia,  N.  S.  Wales.     L.  50  m. 

Hawkeshead,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Lancaster.  >  • 

Hawkins,  N.E.  co.  Tenn.  Cap.  Rog- 
ersville.     Area,  750  sq.  m.     P.  13,376. 

Hawkinsville,  p-v.,  cap.  Pulaski  co. 
Ga.,  on  Ockmulgee  r. 

Hawlbowline,  an  island  of  Ireland, 

in  Cork  harbor. II.  a  rock  of  Ulster, 

CO.  Down. 

Hawley,  t.,  Franklin  co.  Mass.  P. 
977. 

Hawthorden,  a  glen  in  Scotland,  co. 
Edinburgh. 

Hay,  a  market  town  of  S.  Wales,  co. 
Brecon,  on  the  Wye.     P.  2,107. 

Hay  (Cape),  a  headland  of  British 
America,  on  the  Polar  sea,  near  Ion.  95° 
W. — Hay  River,  W.  Australia. — Hay's 
Peak,  a  densely-wooded,  conical  mntn., 
E.  Australia. 

Hayanqe,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Moselle,  with  1,296  inhabs. 

Haycock,  t.,  Bucks  co.  Pa.    P.  1,021. 

Hayd,  2  towns  of  Bohemia. 1,  circ. 

&  27  m.   W.  Pilsen,  with  1,710  inhabs. 

II.  circ.  Leitmeritz.    P.  1,000.     Up 

per  &  Lower  Hayd  are  contig.  vills.,  circ 
Rudweis,  on  the  railway  to  Linz. 

Haydock,  a  tnship.  of  Engl.,  co.  Lan- 
caster.    P   '  f2d6. 

Haye  (La  Descartes),  a  comm.  &  t. 
of  France,  dep.  Indre-et-Loire,  cap.  cant., 
on  r.  b.  of  the  Creuse,  with  1,459  inhabs. 

II.   {du  Puits),  a  vill.  of  dep.  Man- 

che,  cap.  cant.    P.  1,207. III.  (Mal- 

herhe),  a  vill.  of  dep.  Eure.     P.  1,102. 

Hayes-River,  British  N.  America.  L. 
300  m. 

Hayling,  an  isl.  off  the  S.  coast  of 
England,  co.  Hants,  in  Chichester  harbor. 

Hay'nau,  n.  town  of  Prussian  Silesia. 

r.  3,gijl!. 

Haynesville,  p-v..  cap.  Lowades  co. 
Ala. 

Hays,  co.,  Texas.    P.  387. 


-::&-:"S5*;'*'.W»»™™.w_ 


sm 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGKAl'HY. 


[hed 


Hayti,  an  independent  isL,  &  the  lar-  1 
gest  in  the  "W.  Indies,  except  Cuba,  from 
which  it  is  separated  W.-ward  by  the 
windward  passage,  &  E.  from  Porto  Rico 
by  the  Mona  passage,  &  having  N.  the 
Atlantic  ocean,  &  S.  the  Caribbean  sea. 
Nearly  400  m.  in  length,  &  from  60  to 
150  va.  broad.  Estimated  area,  29,500 
sq.  m  ,  &  pop.  nearly  1,000,000,  mostly 
composed  of  blacks  &  mulattos.  The  centre 
is  occupied  by  a  mntnous.  region,  mount 
Chaco  attaining  an  elevation  of  upwards 
of  6,000  ft.,  &  parallel  mountain-chains 
traverse  the  isl.  Several  lakes  exist  in 
the  S.,  &  the  soil  generally  is  well  water- 
ed. Shores  swampy  in  the  E.,  elsewhere 
mostly  bold,  &  surrounded  by  reefs, 
though  there  are  several  excellent  har- 
bors in  the  W.,  where  two  long  project- 
ing peninsulas  enclose  the  large  bay  of 
Gonaives.  Products  comprise  the  com- 
mon tropical  fruits.  Government  des- 
potic, in  the  person  of  Emperor  Faustin 
I.  Pub.  rev.,  $2,500,531.  Debt  to  France, 
30,000,000  francs.  The  Spanish  part  of 
the  island  is  republican  under  the  name 
of  "  Dominica." 

Haywood,  S.W.  co.  N.  C.  Area,  1,890 
sq.  m.  Its  lower  parts  are  1,500  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Cap.  Waynes- 

ville.     P.  7,074. II.   S.W.  co.   Tenn. 

Area,  6t)0  sq.  m.     Cap.  Brownsville.     P. 
17,259. 

Hazarybaugh,  a  town  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

Hazebrouck,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Nord,  on  the  Beurre.  P. 
4,422. 

Hazerswotjde,  a  vill.  of  the  Nether- 
lands, prov.  S.  Holland.     P.  2,739. 

Headford,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Connaught,  co.  G-alway.    P.  1,647. 

Heand  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Loire,  cap.  cant.    •  P.  1,200. 

Heard,  W.  co.  of  Ga.  Area,  175  sq.  m. 
Cap.  Franklin.     P.  6,923. 

Heath,  t.,  Franklin  co.  Mass.  P.  895. 
II.  t.,  Ha'-rison  co.  la.     P.  1,354. 

Heathsville,  p-v.,  cap.  Northumber- 
land CO.  Va.     P.  400. 

Hebden  Bridge,  a  populous  vill.  of 
England,  co.  York,  W.  Riding. 

Hebrides,  or  Western  Islands,  a 
series  of  isls.,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Scot- 
land, &  consisting  of  two  principal  groups ; 
the  Outer  Hebrides, — Lewis,  Harris,  N. 
&  S.  Uist,  Benbeeula,  Barra,  &  numer- 
ous smaller  isls.  in  the  cos.  Ross  &  Inver- 
ness ;  &  the  Innerllebrides,— Skye,  Rum, 
Eig,  Canna,  Coll,  Tiree,  Mull,  lona, 
Colonsay,  Jura,  Arran,  Bute,  &c.  Total 
number,  not  including  the  smaller  islets, 


160,  70  of  which  are  inhabited.  Total 
area,  3,000  sq.  m.    P.  115,000. 

Hebrides  (New),  an  isl.  group.  Paci- 
fic ocean,  between  lat.  14°  &  20°  S.,  & 
Ion.  168°  &  170°  E.,  &  E.-ward  of  New 
Caledonia  &  the  Mallicollo  group.  Princi- 
pal isls.  comprise  Ambrym,  Annaton,  Er- 
romango,  Tanna  &  Aurora. 

Hebron,  a  town  of  Palestine,  pash. 
Damatcus,  16  m.  S.S.W.  Jerusalem. 
Elev.  2,835  feet.  P.  5,000  to  10,000.  It 
stands  partly  on  the  slopes  of  two  hUls, 
&  in  the  deep  narrow  valley  of  Mamre. 
Hebron  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  exist- 
ing cities,  &  was  called  Kirjath-Arba,  the 

city  of  the  Anakim. II.  t.,  Oxford  co. 

Me.  P.  950.— III.  t.,  Tolland  co. 
Conn.  P.  1,345. IV.  p-t.,  Washing- 
ton co.  N.  Y.     P.  2,548. 

Hebrus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Ma- 
ritza  river. 

Hechingen,  a  town,  S.W.  Germany, 
cap.  principality  Hohenz.-Hechingen,  on 
the  Starzel.     P.  3,389. 

Hecho,  a  mkt.  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Huesca,  in  a  valley  of  the  Pyrenees. 
P.  1,500.— Hechosoa  is  a  town  or  vill., 
Mexican  confed.,  dep.  Sinaloa,  on  the 
Hiagui. 

Heckmondwike,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl., 
CO.  York,  W.  Riding.    P.  3,537. 

Hecla  (Mount),  a  famous  volcano  of 
Iceland,  near  its  S.W.  coast.  Lat.  63° 
59'  N.,  Ion.  19°  42'  W.  Height  above 
the  sea  5,110  feet.  It  has  3  peaks.  The 
crater  of  its  principal  peak  does  not 
much  exceed  100  feet  in  depth.  Since 
A.D.  900,  43  of  its  eruptions  are  on 
record,  of  which  5  have  been  simulta- 
neous, or  nearly  so,  with  those  of  Vesu- 
vius, 4  with  those  of  Etna,  &  1  with 
those  of  both.  Its  last  eruption  com- 
menced 2d'  Sept.  1845,  &  lasted  till  6th 
April,  1846. 

Hecla  Cove,  an  inlet  of  Spitzbergen, 
on  the  N.  coast  of  the  large  isl. 

Hector,  p-t.,  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
6,054. 

Hedjdernheim,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ger- 
many, duchy  Nassau,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Nidda.  P.  1,229.— Heddesdorf,  is  a  vill. 
of  Rhenish  Prussia. 

Hedemarken,  an  extensive  dist.  of 
Norway.    P.  89,810. 

Hedemora,  a  town  of  N.  Sweden,  on 
the  Wester  Dal.     P.  1,035. 

Hedersleben,  a  vill.  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, reg.  Magdeburg.     P.  1,420. II. 

a  vill.,  reg.  Merseburg. 

Hedervar,  a  mkt.  town  of  JIungary, 
CO.  Raab,  in  the  Kleine  Schutt  island] 
ormed  by  the  Danube.     P.  1,240. 


hel] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


367 


Hedic,  a  small  isl.  of  France,  dep. 
Morbihan,  off  the  coast  of  Brittany. 

Hedjaz  (El),  a  region  of  Arabia,  ex- 
tending along  the  Red  sea,  having  S. 
Tehama,  E.  Nedjed,  &  N.  Arabia  Petrsea. 

Heemstede,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  N.  Holland,  cap.  dist.     P.  2,332. 

Heepen,  a  vill.  of  Prussian  Westpha- 
lia.    P.  2,150. 

Hebr,   two  Tills.,   Netherlands. 1. 

prov.   Limburg.       P.    1,270. II.    (Ji. 

Arendskerke),  prov.  Zeeland.     P.  1,633. 

Heerde,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Guelderland,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,200. 

Heerenberg,  a  t.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Guelderland,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,000. 

IIeerenveen,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, cap.  cant.,  prov.  W.  Friesland,  on 
the  Heeren-slot.     P.  4,000. 

Heerlen,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Limburg,  cap.  cant.     P.  3,304. 

Heesch,  &  Heeze,  two  vills.  of  the 
Netherlands,  prov.  N.  Brabant.  The 
former  has  1,759 ;  the  latter,  1,730  inhab. 

Hbgenheim,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Rhin,  near  1.  b.  of  the 
Rhine.     P.  2,157. 

Hegyalla,  a  chain  of  hills  in  N.  Hun- 
gary. This  is  the  cote  d'or  of  Hungary, 
&  produces  the  celebrated  wines  called 
Tokay.  The  wine-growing  district  ex- 
tends to  about  90  sq.  m. 

Hegyes,  a  vill.  or-Hungary,  l)etween 
the  Danube  &  Theiss,  co.  Bacs.    P.  3,700. 

Heibuk,  a  thriving  vill.,  indep.  Turkes- 
tan, Khooloom  dom.,  on  the  route  from 
Affghanistan  to  Balkh,  &  4^000  feet 
above  the  sea. 

Heide,  a  town  of  Denmark,  duchy 
Holstein,  near  the  N.  sea.     P.  5,400. 

Heidelberg,  a  city  of  W.  Germany, 
grand  duchy  Baden,  circ.  Lower  Rhine, 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Neckar,  here  crossed  by  a 
stone  bridge,  750  feet  long.  The  uni- 
versity, founded  in  1386,  is,  next  to  that 
of  Prague,  the  oldest  in  Germany,  &  has 
45  professors.  78  teachers,  a  library  of 
150,000   vols.'  &   many   rare    MSS.      P. 

12,049. II.    t.,    Berks    co.    Pa.      P. 

3,539. III.  t.,   Lebanon  co.  Pa.    P. 

2,827. IV.  t.,   Lehigh    co.    Pa.       P. 

2,354. V.  t.,  York  co.  Pa.     P.  1,528. 

Heidelsheim,  a"  town  of  Baden,  circ. 
Middle  Rhine.     P.  2,272. 

Heidenfeld,  a  vill.  of  Bavaria,  circ. 
Lower  Franconia,  on  the  Main.  P. 
2,048. 

Heidenheim,  two  towns  of  Germany. 

1.  Wiirtemberg,  circ.  Jaxt,   on  the 

Brenz.      P.  2,465. II.  Bavaria,  circ. 

Middle  Franconia,  with  1,829  inhab. 

HEiDBSHEiM,  two  viUs.  of  Germany. 


1.  Darmstadt,  prov.  Rhenish  Hessen, 

on  the  Rhine.     P.  1,402. 

Heidingsfeld,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ. 
Lower  Franconia,  on  the  Main.    P.  3,121. 

Heikenszand,  &  Heino,  two  vills. 
of  the  Netherlands  ;  the  former  in  prov. 
Zeeland,  cap.  cant.  P.  1,343;  the  latter, 
prov.  Overyssel.     P.  1,671. 

Heilbronn,  a  fortified  town  of  Wiirt- 
emberg, on  the  Neckar.  P.  8,600.  It 
has  a  gymnasium  with  a  library  of  12,- 
000  vols.,  &  manufs.  of  woollen  cloths. 

Heiligenbeil,  a  town  of  Prussia,  reg. 
&  29  m.  S.W.  Konigsberg,  on  a  small 
river.     P.  2,850. 

Heiligenhafen,  a  seaport  town  of 
Denmark,  duchy  Holstein,  on  the  Baltic. 
P.  2,000. 

Heiligen-Kredtz,  sevl.  small  towns, 

&c.,  of  the   Austrian  empire. 1.  W. 

Hungary,  co.  Oedenburg,  with  2,490  in- 
hab.  II.  CO.  Bars,  on  the  Grau. 

III.  Illyria,  gov.  Trieste.     P.  1,037. 

IV.  a  vill.  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Sattel- 

bach. V.  a  vill.,  Lower  Austria,  N.E. 

St.  Polten. 

Heiligenstadt,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  cap.  circ.  on  the  Leine.    P.  4,770. 

Heiligkreuz,  a  vill.  &  bath  establish- 
ment of  Austria,  Tyrol. 

Heilsberg,  a  town  of  B.  Prussia,  on 
the  Alle.     P.  4,500. 

Heimbach,  two  vills.  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia.  1,  reg.  Aix-la-Chapelle.   P.  1,230. 

II.  reg.  Coblenz,  on  the  Rhine. 

Heimersheim,  a  town,  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia. P.  1,075. — Heimerlingen,  is  a  vill. 
of  Bavaria,  circ.  Swabia. — Heimiswyl,  is 
a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant.  Bern. 

Heimsheim,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
circ.  Neckar.  P.  1,223. — Heimersdorf,  is 
the  name  of  vills.  in  Prussian  Silesia,  reg. 
Oppeln,  &  in  Saxe-Meiningen. 

Heinau,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia. 

Heiningen,  a  market  town  of  Wur- 
temberg,  circ.  Danube.     P.  1,120. 

Heinrichs,  a  market  town,  Prussian 
Saxony,  reg.  Erfurt.  P.  1,225.— JTem- 
richsgriin  is  a  market  town  of  Bohemia, 
circ.  Elnbogen.     P.  1,580. 

Heinsberg,  a  town  of  Rhen.  Prussia. 
P.  1,780. 

Heisker  Island,  Hebrides,  Scotland. 

Heitersheim,  a  town  of  Baden,  circ. 
Upper  Rhine.    P.  1,394. 

Heldburg,  a  town  of  Germany,  Saxe- 
Meiningen,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Kreck.  P. 
1,076. 

Heldeh,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Limburg.     P.  2,561. 

Helder,  a  fortified  marit.  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  prov.  N.  Holland,  cap.  cant.. 


l^2SSM?t^ 


368 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[hel 


at  the  N.  Extremity  of  that  proT.  P. 
2,852.  It  has  some  trade  with  Amster- 
dam, with  which  it  communicates  by  the 
Ilelder  cnna!,  50  m.  long,  125  feet  broad, 
at  surface,  &  21  feet  deep,  enabling  ships 
of  large  burden  to  avoid  the  navigation 
of  the  Zuydcr  Zee. 

Heliierbergs,  hills,  Albany  co.  N.  Y., 
uniting  with  the  Catskill  range  of  mns. 

Heldeungen,  a  town,  Pruss.  Saxony, 
P.  1,727. 

Helen  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.,  France, 
dep.  Cutes-du-jSTord.     P.  1,445. 

Helena,  p-v.,  cap.  Philips  eo.  Arb. 
P.  500. 

Helena  (St.),  an  isl.  in  the  S.  Atlantic 
ocean,  about  800  m.  S.E.  Ascension,  & 
nearly  1,200  m.  from  the  coast  of  Lower 
Guinea.  Lat.  of  observatory,  15°  55'  S. ; 
Ion.  5°  44' B.  Area,  30,300  ac.  P.  (1837), 
4,977.  It  is  of  volcanic  origin,  &  consists 
of  rugged  mountains,  interspersed  with 
numerous  ravines.  St.  Helena  is  chiefly 
noted  as  the  place  of  exile  of  Napoleon 
Bonaparte. — Port  St.  Helena,  E.  Pata- 
gonia, is  an  inlet,  intermediate  between 
the  gulfs  of  St.  George  &  San  Matias. 

Helene  (Ste.),  sever'l  vills.  of  France, 
deps.  Morbihan,  Lozere,  Seine  Inf.,  Vos- 
ges,  Gironde,  &c.,  &  one  in  Savoy. 

Helen's  (St.),  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Lancaster,  on  a  branch  of  the  Mersey. 

Helensburgh,  a  bor.  of  barony,  & 
watering  place,  Scotland,  co.  Dumbarton, 
on  the  firth  of  Clyde.     P.  2,229. 

Helette,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Pyrenees.     P.  1,182. 

Helford,  a  small  port  of  England, 
CO.  Cornwall. 

Helge-an,  a  river,  S.  Sweden,  enters 
the  Baltic  at  Ahus.  L.  80  m. 
.  Heligoland,  an  island  in  the  N.  sea, 
belonging  to  Great  Britain,  about  46  m. 
N.AV.  the  mouths  of  the  Elbe  &  the  Weser. 
P.  2,300.  It  consists  of  a  rock,  rising  to 
about  200  feet  in  height. 

Helicon  (Mount),  a  famous  mountain 
of  Greece,  gov.  Bceotia.   Height,  4,963  ft. 

Heuer's  (St.),  the  cap.  town  of  the 
island  of  Jersey,  on  its  S.  coast,  at  the  E. 
side  of  St.  Aubin's  bay.  P.  21,040.  It 
stands  between  two  rocky  heights,  on  the 
E.  of  which  is  the  citadel,  Fort-Regent, 
overlooking  the  inner  harbor,  &  con- 
structed about  1806,  at  a  cost  of 
800,000/. 

IIeliopolis,  Lower  Egypt,  5  m.  N.E. 
Cairo. 

Hellada,  a  river  of  N.  Greece.  L. 
50  m. 

Hellam,  a  township  of  Pennsylvania, 
on  the  Susquehanna,  here  crossed  by  a 


bridge  5,690  feet  in  length,  29  m.  S.  Har- 
risburg.     P.  1,421. 

Hell  an' s  (St.),  one  of  the  small  Scilly 
islands. 

Hellendoohn,  a  vill.  of  the  Nether- 
lands, prov.  Overyssel.     P.  3,571. 

Hellevoetsluis,  a  ftfd.  seaport  town 
of  the  Netherlands,  prov.  S.  Holland,  the 
largest  mouth  of  the  Rhine.     P.  2,843. 

Hell  Gate,  N.  Y.,  a  pass  in  East  river, 
7  m.  N.B.  of  New  York  city.  Formerly 
very  dangerous,  it  has  been  rendered 
comparatively  safe  by  the  blasting  of  the 
rocks,  which  occasioned  the  strong  eddy 
current,  to  the  depth  of  22  feet. 

Hellovo  (Mount),  a  mountain  range, 
forming  part  of  the  N.  frontier  of  Greece. 
Its  principal  peak,  Geraco  Vouni,  rises 
to  5,570  feet  in  height;  other  summits 
vary  from  3,000  to  4,400  feet  in  elev. 

Hell's  Skerries,  a  cluster  of  the  He- 
bridean  isles,  about  10  m.  W.  Rum. 

Helmarshausen,  a  small  town  of 
Germany,  H.-Cassel,  on  the  Diemel.  P. 
1,932. 

'  Helmbbechts,  a  vill.  of  Bavaria,  cire. 
Upper  Franconia.    P.  1,200. 

Helms,  a  river  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
45  m.  long. 

Helmond,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  N.  Brabant,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Aa. 
P.  1,900. 

Helmsdale,  a  large  vill.  of  Scotland. 

Helmsley,  a  small  market  town  of 
England,  co.  York,  N.  Riding,  on  the  Rye. 
P.  3,475. 

Helmstadt,  a  town  of  Central  Ger- 
many, duchy  Brunswick,  cap.  circ.  P. 
5,300.  It  is  an  old-fashioned  town,  en- 
tered by  four  gates. 

Helmstadt,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ. 

Lower  Franconia.    P.  1,168. II.  a  vill. 

of  Baden,  circ.  Lower  Rhine.     P.  1,075. 

Helmund,  a  river,  S.W.  Affghanistan. 
L.  650  m.  At  Girisl^h,  70  m.  W.  Canda- 
har,  it  is  in  spring  1,000  yards  across. 

Helsa,  a  vill.  of  Germany,  Hessen- 
Cassel.     P.  1,186. 

Helsingborg,  an  ancient  fortified  sea- 
port town  of  S.  Sweden,  on  the  sound, 
opposite  Elsinore.     P.  2,854. 

Helsingfoks,  a  seaport  town  of  Rus- 
sia, &  the  cap.  of  Finland,  on  the  gulf  of 
Finland,  100  m.  E.S.E.  Abo.  P.  12,000. 
It  has  a  harbor,  suited  for  line  of  battle. 

Helsingeland,  a  former  division  of 
Sweden. 

Helstone,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Cornwall,  near  its  AY.  extremity,  on  the 
Looe.  P.  3,584.  It  is  neatly  built, 
streams  running  through  its  streets. 

Helvellyn,  one  of  the  highest  moun- 


hkn] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


869 


tains  of  England,  co.  Cumberland.  Elev. 
3,313  feet. 

Helvetia  (New),  a  settlement  in  Up- 
per Ualiforniii,  on  the  Sacramento,  60  m. 
from  its  mouth,  in  the  bay  of  San  Francisco. 

Helvoirt,  ft  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  N.  Brabant.     P.  1,401. 

Hem,  several  comms.  &  vills.  of  France, 
the  princij).  in  dep.  Nord.     P.  2,209. 

Hemau,  a  town  &  castle  of  Bavaria, 
circ.  Upper  Palat.     P.  1,350. 

Hemel-Hemstead,  a  market  town  of 
England,  co.  Herts.     P.  7,268. 

Hemixheim,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Bel- 
gium, 5  m.  S.  Antwerp,  near  r.  b.  of  the 
Scheldt.     P.  1,500. 

Hemmerden,  a  market  town  of  Ehe- 
nish  Prussia.  JP.  1,295. — Hemmerich  is 
a  vill.,  16  m.  S.  Cologne. 

Hempfield,  t.,  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 
P.  4,772. 

Hempstead,    S.W.    co.    Ark.       Cap. 

Washington.     P.  7,672. II.  a  twnshp., 

Queen's  co.  New  York,  70  m.  E.S.E.  Al- 
bjiny.  P.  8,810.  The  vill.  lies  on  the 
borders  of  a  heath  of  15,000  ac.  Rocka- 
way  beach,  ein  the  Atlantic,  is  much  re- 
sorted to  for  bathing.  Hempstead  bay  & 
harbor.  New  York,  are  on  the  N.  shore 
of  Long  Island. 

Hemsbach,  a  mkt.  town  of  Baden, 
cire.  Lower  Khine,  on  the  Bergstrasse. 
P.  1,715. 

Hemsoen,  a  Swedish  isL,  G.  of  Bothnia. 

Henares,  a  riv.  of  Spain,  New  Castile, 
joins  the  Xarama,  an  aM.  of  Tagus.  L. 
75  m. 

Henderson,  W.  co.  N.  C.     Cap.  Hen- 

dersonville.       P.    6,853. rH-   ^''^-    co. 

Tenn.  Area,  780  sq.  m.  Cap.  Lexing- 
ton.    P.    13,164. III.   N.W.   CO.   Ky. 

Area,  725  sq.  m.     Cap.  Henderson.     P. 

12,171. ^IV.  county,  Texas.     P   1,237. 

V.   p-t.,    Jefferson    co.    N.  Y.       P. 

2,239.  The  v.,  Henderson  harbor,  is  a 
port  of  entry,  &  has  a  good  harbor. 

VI.  t.,  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.    P.  1,555. 

VII.  p-v.,  cap.  Henderson  co.  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio. VIII.  county,  111.     P.  4,612. 

Henderson's  (or  Elizabeth)  Isi-., 
Pacific  ocean,  in  lat.  24°  2'  S.,  Ion.  129° 
18'  W.,  5  m.  in  length. 

Hendersonville,  cap.  Henderson  co. 
N.  C. 

Hendricks,  W.  co.  la.     Area,  380  sq. 

ra.     Cap.  Danville.     P.  14,083. II.  t.. 

Shelby  co.  la.     P.  900. 

Henery,  a  small  fortified  town  of  Brit. 
India,  presid.  &  15  m.  S.  Bombay. 

Hengelo,  two  vills.  of  the  Netherlands. 

■ 1,  prov.  Ovoryssol.     P.  3,561. ■!!. 

prov.  Guelderland.     P.  2,867. 

16* 


Heng-kiang,  a  riv.  of  <I!hina,  prov. 
Hou-nan.     L.  300  m. 

Hengoed,  a  ham.  of  S.  Wales,  co. 
Carmarthen.     P.  1,230. 

Heng-tcheou,  a  city  of  China,  prov. 
Hou-nan,  cap.  dep.,  on  the  Heng-kiang. 

Henin-Lietard,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Pas-de-Calais.     P.  3,091. 

Henley-in-Arden,  a  mkt.  town  of 
Engl.,  CO.  Warwick,  at  the  confl.  of  the  Ar- 
row &  Alne.    P.  1,223. 

Henley-on-Thames,  a  mkt.  t.,  Engl., 
CO.  Oxford.  P.  3,622.  The  town  has  an 
elegant  fiFC-arched  stone  bridge  across 
4he  Thames,  a  gothic  church,  with  a  lofty 
tower,  said  to  have  been  built  by  Card. 
Wolsey. 

Henlopen,  a  cape  of  Delaware,  at  the 
S.W.  point,  forming  the  entrance  of  Dela- 
ware bav,  17  m.  S.W.  Cape  May.  Lat. 
36°  47'  N ,  Ion.  75°  6'  W. 

Hennebont,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Morbihan,  cap.  cant.,  on  1. 
b.  of  the  Blavet.     P.  3,339. 

Hennepus,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Putnam  co. 
111.     P.  500. 

Hennersdorf,  several  vills.,  &c.,  of 

Germany,     the     principal     being 1. 

(Gross  H.),  Saxony,  circ.  Bautzen.     P. 

1,272. II.  (in  Seifen),  1  m.  N.W.  the 

foregoing.     P.  5,577. 

IIennikeh,  p-t.,  Merrimac  co.  N.  H. 
P.  1,715. 

Henon,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
C6tes-du-Nord.     P.  3,329. 

Henri-Chapelle,  a  vill.  of  Belgium, 
prov-.  Liege.     P.  1,330. 

Henrichemont,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Cher,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,302. 

Henrico,  co.  E.  Va.  Area,  291  sq.  m. 
Cap.  Richmond.     P.  43,572. 

Henrietta,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  2,573. 

Henry  {Cape),  on  S.  side  of  the  en- 
trance into  Chesapeake   bay. II.  co. 

W.  Va.  Area,  385  so.  m.  Cap.  Martins- 
ville.    P.  8,872. III.    N.W.   CO.    Ga. 

Area,  594  sq.  m.     Cap.  McDonough.     P. 

14,726. IV.  S.E.  CO.  Ala.     Area,  975 

sq.  m.     Cap.   Abbeville.     P.   9.019. 

V.  N.AV.  CO.    Tenn.     Area.   600    sq.   m. 

Cap.    Paris.     P.    18,233. VI.    N.   co. 

Ky.     Area,  260  sq.  m.     Cap.  Newcastle. 

P.  11,442. VII.  N.W.  CO.  0.     Area, 

576   sq.   m.     Cap.  Napoleon.     P.   3,435. 

VIII.  E.  CO.  la.     Area,  380  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Newcastle.   P.  17,605. IX.  N.W. 

CO.  111.  Area,  840  sq.  m.  Cap.  Morris- 
ton.      P.    3,807. X.    a    S.    co.    Iowa. 

Area,  432  sq.  m.     Cap.  Mount  Pleasant. 

P.  8,707. -XL  W.  CO.  Mo.    Area,  750 

sq.  m.     Cax3.  Clinton.     P.  4,052. 


370 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGBAPHV, 


[her 


Henzadah,  a  town  of  the  Burmese 
dom.,  prov.  Pegu,  on  the  Irrawadi. 

Heong-shan,  a  commercial  town  of 
China,  prov.  Quang-tong,  on  a  branch  of 
the  Canton  riv. 

Hepburn,  p-t.,  Lycoming  co.  Pa.  P. 
1,570.  '  ^    '     \         s 

Heppenheim,  a  walled  town  of  Hessen- 
Darmstadt,  prov.  Starkenburg,  cap.  dist. 
P.  4,170. 

Heraclia,  a  small  island  of  the  G-re- 
cian  archip.,  gov.  Naxos.  L.  4  m. ;  b.  3  m. 

Herat,  a  strongly  fortified  city  of  W. 
Affghanistan,  cap.  an  independent  chief- 
ship,  near  the  Heri-rood,  or  Hury  river, 
360  m.  W.  Cabool.  P.  45,000.  Herat 
has  been  stated  to  contain  4,000  dwelling- 
houses,  1,200  shops,  17  caravanserais,  20 
public  baths,  some  fine  reservoirs,  &  nu- 
merous masques,  the  principal  of  which 
is  a  large  structure,  of  the  13th  century. 

Herault,  a  riv.  of  France,  dep.  <jl-ard. 

Hehault,  a  marit.  dep.  of  the  S.  of 
France,  on  the  Mediterranean.  Area, 
2,444  sq.  m.  P.  389,286.  Surface  moun- 
tainous in  the  N.  &  W.,  interspersed  by 
fine  valleys. 

Herbertingen,  a  vill.  of  Wiirtemberg, 
circ.  Danube.  P.  1,272. — Berber tshof en, 
is  a  vill.  of  Bavaria,  circ.  Swabia. 

Herbiers  (Les),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Vendee,  cap.  cant.    P.  1,360. 

Herbignac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Loire  Inf.     P.  3,176. 

Herbitzheim,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  B.  Rhine.     P.  1,900. 

Herblain  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Loire  Inf.     P.  2,280. 

Herblay,  a  comm.  &  vUl.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Seine. 
P.  1,564. 

Herblon  (St.),  a  vill.  &  comm.  of 
France,  dep.  Loire-Inf.     P.  2,500. 

Herbolzheim,  a  town  of  Baden,  circ. 
Upper  Rhine.-    P.  2,057. 

Hehrorn,  a  town  of  Central  Germany, 
duchy  Nassau,  on  the  Dille.     P.  2,267. 

Herbrechtingen,  a  vill.  of  Wurtem- 
berg,  circ.  Jaxt.     P.  1,524. 

Herbs  LEBEN,  a  market  town  of  Cen- 
tral Germany,  duchy  Saxe-Gotha,  on  the 
Unstrut,  with  1,480  inhahs. 

Uerbstein,  a  town  of  Hessen-Darm- 
stadt,  pi-ov.Upp.IIessen,  cap. dist.  P. 1.616. 

Herck,  a  town  of  Belgium.     P.  1,763. 

Herculaneum,  an  anc.  &  buried  city 
of  S.  Italy,  prov.  &  7  m.  E.S.E.  Naples, 
near  the  bay  of  Naples,  &  at  the  W.  de- 
cli'S'ity  of  Mt.  Vesuvius,  during  the  erup- 
tion of  which,  A.D.  79,  it  was  submerged 
by  showers  of  ashes.  Its  site  was  dis- 
covered in  1713. II.  a  vill.,  Missouri, 


on  rt.  b.  of  the  Mississippi,  28  m.  S.S.W. 
St.  Louis,  &  having  shot  factories,  &  a 
trade  in  lead. 

Herdeke,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, on  the  Ruhr.    P.  2,308. 

Hereford,  a  city  of  England,  cap.  co., 
on  the  Wye.  It  lies  in  a  richly  culti- 
vated &  beautiful  valley.  Streets  gene- 
rally broad ;   houses  well   built,  though 

in  great  part  ancient.     P.  35,158. II. 

p-t.,  Berks  co.  Pa.     P.  1,235. 

Herefordshire,  an  inland  county  of 
England.  The  apple  crop  is  the  largest 
in  England,  estimated  to  yield  not  less 
than  20,000  hhds.  of  cider.     P.  99,112. 

Herencia,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Ciu- 
dad  Real.     P.  6,400. 

Herent,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium, 
prov.  S.  Brabant.     P.  2,120. 

Hehenthals,  &  Herenthout,  two 
comms.  &  small  towns  of  Belgium,  prov. 
xintwerp.  the  former,  cap.  cant,  with  3, 162 
inhabs.,  the  latter  with  2,157  inhabs. 

Hekford,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, cap.  circ,  on  the  Werra.  P.  5,550. 

Hergnies,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Nord,  on  the  Scheldt.     P.  1,522. 

Heric,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Loire  Inf.     P.  3,927. 

Hericourt,  a  comm.  &  town  of  E. 
France,  dep.  H.  Saone,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Li- 
zene.     P.  3,060. 

Hebingen,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 

on  the  Helme.     P.  2,120. II.  a  mkt. 

town,  H.-Cassel,  prov.  Fulda,  on  r.  b.  of 
Werra.     P.  1,224. 

Herinnes,    two    comms.   &   vills.   of 

Belgium. 1,    prov.    S.  Brabant.      P. 

3,720. II.    prov.  Hainault,  on  the 

Scheldt.     P.  1,700. 

Herioor,  a  town  of  India,  Mysore. 

Hbrisau,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Appenzell,  cap.  of  the  dist.  Outer  Rhodes 
P.  2,500. 

Herisson,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
cap.  cant.     P.  1,407. 

Herkenbosch,  a  vill.  of  the  Nether- 
lands, prov.  Limburg.     P.  1,231. 

Herkimer,  central  co.,  N.  Y.  Area, 
1,370  sq.  m.      Cap.  Herkimer.       P.  38,- 

244. 11.  p-t.,   cap.   of  above  co.    P. 

2,601.  The  v.  is  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
Mohawk  r. 

Herm,  one  of  the  smaller  Channel  isls., 
from  the  coast  of  Guernsey.     P.  38. 

Hermagor  (St.),  a  petty  town  of  Il- 
ly ri  a,  on  the  Gail. 

Herman,  p-v.,  cap. of  Gasconade  co.  Mo 

IIebmannstadt,  a  town  of  Hungary, 

Transylvania,  cap.  Saxon- land,   on    the 

Zibin.  P.  17,000.   It  is  enclosed  by  walls, 

the  upper  town  on  an  eminence,  com- 


her] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


371 


municating  with  a  lower  town  by  flights 
of  steps. 

Hehmies,  a  eomm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Pas-de-Calais.     P.  2,337. 

Hermine  (St.),  a  eomm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Vendee.    P.  1,261. 

Hermitage  (L'),  a  famous  vineyard 
of  France,  dep.  Drome,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
EhOne,  cant.  Tarn. 

Hermogenes  (St.),  an  island  of  the 
N.  Pacific  ocean,  off  the  coast  of  Russian 
America. 

HERMON,t.,  Penobscot  CO.  Me.  P.  1,042. 

II.  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.     P. 

1,690. 

Hermon  (Mount),  a  mntn.  of  Pales- 
tine, forming  a  part  of  the  chain  Anti- 
Libanus.  Its  summit  is  covered  with 
snow  most  part  of  the  year. — Little  Her- 
mon is  a  much  lower  range,  25  m.  S.E. 
Acre. 

Hermonville,  a  eomm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Marne.     P.  1,435. 

Hermsdorf,  numerous  vills.  of  Grer- 
many  ;  the  two  principal  in  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, each  having  about  2,000  infiabs. 

Hernad,  a  river  of  N.  Hungary.  L. 
120  m. 

Herstando,  p-v.,  cap.  De  Soto  co. 
Miss.    P.  400. 

Hernani,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Grui- 
puscoa,  on  the  TJrumea.    P.  2,257. 

Hernin  (St.)  ,  a  eomm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Finistdre.    P.  1,250. 

Hernosand,  a  Isen  or  prov.  of  N. 
Sweden. 

Hernosand,  a  marit.  town  of  Sweden, 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  isl.  Herno.    P.  2,114. 

Hero  (North  &  South),  two  islands, 
Vermont,  in  Lake  Champlain,  &  together 
forming  Grand  Isle. 

Heron,  a  considerable  town  of  Persia, 
prov.  Azerbijan. 

Hereenbaumgarten,.  a  mkt.  town  of 
Lower  Austria.     P.  1,590. 

Herrenberg,  a  town  of  WuTtembtJrg, 
circ.  Black  Forest,  on  a  hill.     P:  2,147. 

Herrengrund,  a  vill.  of  N.  Hungary, 
CO.  Sohl.     P.  1,550. 

Herreneairo,  a  considerable  town  of 
British  India,  presid.  Bengal. 

Herrera,  numerous  towns  &  vills.  of 

Spain.     P.   2,897. II.    a  vill.,   prov. 

Sevilla.     P.  2,388. 

Hereieden,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ. 
Middle  Franconia,  on  the  Altmiihl.  P. 
1,389. 

Herrliborg,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Zurich,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  lake 
of  Zurich.    P.   1,057. — Herrlsheim  is   a 

vill.  of  France,  dep.  H.  Rhin. II.   a 

vill.,  dep.  H.  Ehin.    P.  2,289. 


Herelisheim,  two  comms.  of  France. 

1,  a  vill.,  dep.  B.  Rhin.  P.  2,289. 

II.  a  town,  dep.  H.  Rhin.     P.  1,230. 

Herrnals,  a  vill.  of  Austria,  &  one  of 
the  N.  suburbs  of  Vienna.    P.  3,950. 

Herrnhut,  a  small  town  of  Saxony, 
circ.  Bautzen,  inhabited  by  849  Mora- 
vians. ' 

Herrnsheim,  a  vill.  of  Hessen-Darm- 
stadt,  circ.  Worms.     P.  1,335. 

Herrnstadt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, on  the  Bartsch.     P.  2,331. 

Herry,  a  eomm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Cher,  near  1.  b.  of  Loire.    P.  2,555. 

Hersbruck,  a  walled  town  of  Bavaria, 
circ.  Middle  Franconia.     P.  2,316. 

Hersfelt,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Antwerp.    P.  3,907. 

Hersfeld,  a  town  of  Hese-Cassel, 
prov.  Fulda,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Fulda.  P. 
6,565. 

Herstal,  a  eomm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium, 
prov.  Liege,  on  the  Maese.     P.  6,032. 

Hertford,  a  town  of  England,  cap.  co. 
Herts,  on  the  Lea.     P.  5,450. 

Hertford,  N.E.  co.  N.  C.     Area,  356 

sq.  m.     Cap.  Winton.     P.  8,142. II. 

p-v.,  cap.  Perquiman's  co.  N.  C.  near 
Perquimans  bay. 

Hertfordshire,  a  co.  of  England, 
having  N.  co.  Cambridge,  B.  Essex,  S. 
Middlesex.  Surface  in  the  N.  hilly,  else- 
where diversified  with  gentle  elevations. 
P.   173,963. 

Hertzo,  an  island  of  Sweden,  in  the 
gulf  of  Bothnia,  E.  Lulea.     L.  10  m. 

Hervas,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Cace- 
res.     P.  2,600. 

Herve,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov.  Liege. 
P.  3,408. 

Herve  (St.),  a  eomm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Cotes-du-Nord.     P.  1,301. 

Hervey  Bay,  E.  Australia. 

Heewynen,  a  vill.  of  the  Nether- 
lands, prov.  Guelderland,  on  the  Waal. 
P.  1,834. 

Herxheim,  a  vill.  of  Rhenish  Bavaria. 
P.  3,557. 

Herzberg,   2  towns  of  Germany. • 

I.  Hanover,  on   the  S.  declivity  of  the 

Harz.  P.  3,706. II.  Prussian  Saxony, 

on  an  island  formed  by  the  Black  Elster, 
P.  3,720. 

Herzegovina,  a  prov.  of  European 
Turkey,  forming  a  region  53  m.  broad, 
bounded  N.E.  by  Croatia  &  Bosnia.  Area, 
7,000  sq.  m.  P.  200,000.  (?)  It  is  divi- 
ded intol3deps.  Chief  towns,  Mostar, 
the  cap.,  Stolacz,  Trebigno,  Nikisch,  & 
Poscitel. 

Heezogenaurach,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
circ.  Middle  Franconia.    P.  1,827. 


312 


CYCLOPEDIA  OF  GEOGRAPHY, 


HEV 


Herzogenbueg,  a  mkt.  town  of  Lower 
Austria,  in  a  marshy  plain,  on  r.  b.  of 
the  Trazen.     P.  1,280. 

Hesarab,  a  town  of  Central  Asia, 
dom.  Kkiva,  near  the  Oxus,  consisting  of 
about  600  houses. 

Hesdin,  a  oomm.  &  fortified  town  of 
France,  dep.  Pas-de-Calais,  cap.  cant.,  on 
the  Canche.    P.  3,244. 

Heshbon,  a  vill.  of  Syria,  pash. 
Damascus. 

Hesket  (Newmarket),  a  small  mkt. 
town  of  England,  co.  Cumberland. 

Hesn,  several  places  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, the  principal  H.-Keifa,  a  fortified 
town  of  the  Tigris. 

Hessen,  a  country  of  Germany,  in- 
habited by  the  members  of  an  old  branch 
of  a  German  family,  called  Katten  ( Catti) . 

Hessen  Cassel,  a  state  of  Germany, 
comprised  between  lat.  49°  56'  &  52°  26' 
N.,  &  Ion.  8°  25'  &  10°  8'  E.,  cap.  Cassel. 
It  is  composed  of  six  isolated  portions, 
the  largest  of  which,  comprising  Hessen 
proper,  &  including  the  cap.,  is  bounded 
E.  by  Saxe-Weimar  &  Bavaria.  The  two 
principal  detached  portions  are  Schmal- 
kalden  &  Schaumburg,  &  the  smaller 
Barchfeld,  Dorheim,  &  Katzenberg. 
Area,  4,439  sq.  m.  P.  754,590.  Surface 
elevated  &  mntnous.  The  territory  is 
situated  in  the  basin  of  the  N.  sea,  &  is 
drained  by  the  Weser  &  the  Rhine.  Soil 
is  generally  infertile,  except  in  the  val- 
leys of  the  principal  rivers.  Schmalkal- 
den  is  almost  entirely  unproductive. 
Chief  crops,  rye,  barley,  oats,  wheat, 
maize.  Potatoes  are  an  important  crop. 
Fruit  of  all  kinds  is  abundant  in  the  prov. 
Hanau.  Hessen  Cassel  possesses  in  abun- 
dance many  of  the  most  useful  minerals, 
the  chief  are  iron,  coal,  &  salt.  It  has 
numerous  mineral  springs,  &  the  sulphur 
baths  of  Neundorf  are  among  the  best 
frequented  in  N.  Germany.  The  most 
important  manufs.  are  linen  fabrics,  called 
Osnaburgs,  &  next  to  these,  flannels,  & 
the  fine  carpets  of  Hanau.  In  1832,  H. 
Cassel  &  H.  Darmstadt  united  with  Prus- 
sia to  form  the  origin  of  the  German 
customs  union.  H.  Cassel  is  a  consti- 
tutional monarchy,  the  title  of  the  sover- 
eign is  prince  elector  of  Hessen.  Army, 
7,064  men,  of  whom  947  are  cavalry. 
Public  revenue,  12,942,460  thalers. 

Hessen  Darmstadt  (Gd.  Duchy  of), 
a  state  of  Germany,  situated  between 
lat.  49°  22'  &  51°  4'  N.,  &  Ion.  7°  50'  & 
9°  30'  B.,  cap.  Darmstadt.  It  consists 
of  two  principal  portions  in  N.  &  S., 
separated  by  portions  of  H.  Cassel,  Nas- 
sau, &  Frankfort.    Area,  3,761  sq.  m. 


P.  852,679.  Surface  elevated  &  mntnous. 
Highest  point,  the  Taufstein.  The  greater 
part  of  the  territory  is  situated  in  the 
basin  of  the  Khine,  the  rest  in  that  of 
the  Weser.  The  country  is  essentially 
agricultural.  Chief  commerce,  exports 
of  agricultural  produce ;  &  imports,  of 
colonial  &  manuf.  goods.  The  principal 
entrepot  is  Mayence.  The  duchy  is 
traversed,  from  N.  to  S.,  by  the  Frankfort 
&  Mannheim  railway.  H.  Darmstadt  is 
a  constitutional  monarchy  since  1820 ; 
the  title  of  the  sovereign  is  grand  duke 
of  Hessen.  Public  rev.  (1846)  7,795,855 
Rhenish  florins. 

Hessen  Hombueg  (Landgraviate 
of),  one  of  the  smallest  states  of  Ger- 
many, in  the  W.,  cap.  Homburg.  It  is 
divided  into  two  portions,  the  Landgra- 
viate of  Homburg,  &  the  lordship  of 
Meisenheim.  Area,  206  sq.  m.  P.  24,433. 
Government  a  constitutional  monarchy. 
Public  revenue  250,000  Rhenish  florins ; 
debt,  800,000  Rhenish  florins. 

Hessen,  Niedee,  &  Obee  (Lowee  & 
Upper),  two  contiguous  provs.  of  the 
electorate  of  Hessen-Cassel.  Area  of 
Lower  Hessen  (with  Schaumburg),  2,080 
sq.  m.  P.  366,663 ;  of  Upper  Hessen, 
882  sq.  m.     P.  122,432. 

Hessen  (Rhenish),  the  most  W.prov. 
of  Hessen- Darmstadt.  Area,  530  sq.  m. 
P.  225,445. 

Hessen  (Upper),  the  most  N.  &  E. 
prov.  of  Hessen-Darmstadt.  Area,  1,540 
sq.  m.     P.  310,141. 

Heteren,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Guelderland.     P.  2,426. 

Hethaura,  a  vjll.  of  N.  Hindostan, 
Nepaul. 

Hettingen,  a  vill.  of  Germany,  Eaden, 
circ.  Lr.  Rhine,  E.  Buchen.    P.  1,05&. 

Hetton-le-Hole,  a  tnshp.  of  England, 
CO.  Durham.     P.  4,158. 

Hettstadt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony.    P.  4,000. 

Heubach,    several  towns  &  vills.  of 

S.  Germany.- I.   Wiirtemberg,   circ. 

Jaxt.    P.  1,189. II.  (Gross),  Bavaria, 

circ.  L.  Franc,  on  the  Main.  P.  1,850. 
• III.  (Klein),  same  circle.     P.  1,571. 

Heudicourt,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Somme.    P.  1,546. 

Heulb,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium, 
prov.  W.  Flanders,  on  the  Heule.  P. 
3,491. 

Heusden,  a  small  fortified  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  prov.  N.  Brabant,  cap. 
cant.,    on   the    Old  Maese,    with   1,889 

inhabs. II.  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov. 

E.  Flanders.    P.   1,700. III.  a  vill., 

prov.  Limbourg. 


hil] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


373 


Heve  (Cap  de  La),  a  headland  of 
France,  Normandy,  forming  the  W.  point 
of  the  dep.  Seine  Inf.,  on  the  English 
channel. 

Heves,  a  market  town  of  Hungary, 
cap.  oirc,  of  same  name.     P.  5,699. 

Hexham,  a  mkt.  town  of  England,  co. 
Northumberland,  on  the  Tyne.    P.  4,742. 

Heyduke,  a  privileged  dist.  of  Hun- 
gary, beyond  the  Thiess,  co.  Szabolcs, 
comprising  7  towns.     P.  61,019. 

Heyl,  a  small  river  of  England,  co. 
Cornwall. 

Heyrieux,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Isere,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,424. 

Heyst-op-den-Berg,  a  comm.  &  mkt. 
town  of  Belgium,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Great 
Nethe.     P.  6,902. 

Heytesbury,  an  anc.  bor.  of  England, 
CO.  Wilts. 

Heythuisen,  a  vill.  of  the  Nether- 
lands, prov.  Limbourg.     P.  1,279. 

Heywood,  a  vill.  of  England,  co.  Lan- 
caster.    P.  14,856. 

Hiarnoe,  a  small  isl.  of  Denmark,  ofiF 
the  E.  coast  of  Jiitland,  at  the  entrance 
of  the  B.  of  Horsens. 

Hickman,  a  W.  co.  Tenn.    Area,  750 

sq.  m.     Cap.  Centreville.     P.  9,397. 

II.  a  S.W.  CO.  Ky.  Area,  350  sq.  m. 
Cap.  Clinton.     P.  4,791. 

Hickory,  t,  Mercer  eo.  Pa.  P.  1,831. 
II.  county.  Mo.     P.  2,329. 

HicKSFORD,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Greenville 
CO.  Va. 

HiDDA,  a  vill.  of  Affghanistan. 

HiDDENs-OE,  an  isl.  of  Prussian  Pom- 
erania,  in  the  Baltic.     L.  9  m.     P.  500. 

HiDJELLEE,  a  marit.  town  of  British 
India,  presid.  Bengal. 

HiELM,  an  islet  of  Denmark,  off  the  E. 
coast  of  Jutland. 

HiELMAR,  a  considerable  lake  of  Swe- 
den.    L.  40  m. ;  br.  14  m. 

HiGHAM  Ferrers,  a  mkt.  town  of 
Engl.,  CO.  Northampton. 

HiGHGATE,  a  vill.  of  Engl.,  co.  Middle- 
sex.    P.  4,302. II.  p-t.,  Franklin  co. 

Vt.     P.  2,292. 

Highland,  a  S.E.  co.,  0.  Area,  555 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Hillsboro'.    P.  25,781. ■ 

II.  p-v.,  Vermilion  co.  la.    P.  1,653. 

III.  a  county,  Va.     P.  4,227. 
Highlands,  mntns.,  N.  Y.,  along  the 

Hudson.  Altitude,  from  1,000  to  1,500 
ft.  above  tide  water. 

HiGHTAE,  a  vill.  of  Scotl.,  CO.  Dum- 
fries. 

HiGHwORTH,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  Wilts.    P.  3,944. 

HiGUERA  IsLA  DE  LA,  a  vill.  of  Spain, 
prov.  Huelva,  with  a  natural  harbor,  on 


the  Mediterranean.  P.  1,819.—//'. 
Junta  o'  Aracena,  a  town  in  the  Sierra 
Morena.  P.  1,195. — Higueruela  is  a 
vill.  of  Spain,  prov.  Albacete.     P.  2,372. 

HiGUERA  LA  Real,  a  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Badajos.     P.  4,992. 

HiJAR,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Teruel, 
on  the  iVIartin.     P.  3,060. 

HiKLAR,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
pash.  Karamania. 

HiLAiRE     (St.),     numerous    comms., 

towns,     &    vills.    of    France. 1,    dep. 

Charente  Inf.      P.   1,321. II.  Aude. 

P.  983. III.  Indre,  cant.  Le  Blanc. 

P.  1,010. IV.  Nord.     P.  2,007. V. 

(if.  de  la  Cote),  Is^re.     P.  1,259. VI. 

(H.  du  Harcouet),  a  town,  dep.  Manche. 

P.  3,068. VII.  (H.  des  Landes),  Ille- 

et-Vilaine.     P.  1,789. VIII.  {H.  des 

Loges),  Vendee.     P.  3,570. IX.  {H. 

Loulay),  Vendee,  22  m.  N.N.B.  Napo- 
leon-Vendee.     P.   1,845. X.  {H.  St. 

Mesmin),  Loiret,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Loire. 

P.  1,282. XI.  (H.  de  Rioz),  Vendee. 

P.    2,560. XII.    (H".    de     Talmont), 

Vendee.     P.  2,420. 

HiLCHENBACH,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Westphalia.    P.  1,279. 

HiLDBURGHAtrsEN,  a  town  of  Cent. 
Germany,  Saxe  Meiningen,  cap.  duchy, 
ontheWerra.     P.  4,181. 

HiLDESHEiM,  a  town  of  Hanover,  cap. 
landr.,  on  the  Innerste,  an  affl.  of  the 
Leine.     P.  14,734. 

Hill,  t.,  Grafton  eo.  N.  H.    P.  1,000. 

Hill,  a  riv.,  British  N.  Amer.  L.  200  m. 

Hillah,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
pash.  Bagdad,  the  modern  representa- 
tive of  Babylon,  &  near  the  centre  of  its 
ruins,  on  both  sides  of  the  Euphrates, 
here  450  ft.  in  width,  <fc  crossed  by  a 
floating  bridge.  Lat.  32°  28'  30"  N., 
Ion.  44°  28'  E.    P.  10,000. 

Hillaya,  a  small  town  of  Scinde. 

Hille,  a  vill.  of  Prussian  Westphalia. 
P.  2,486.-11.  a  vilL  of  Sweden. 

HiLLEGOM,   &   HiLLEGERSBERG,  tWO 

vills.  of  the  Netherlands,  prov.  S.  Hol- 
land.  1,  on  the  Haarlem  lake,  with 

1,533  inhabs. II.  cap.  dist.    P.  1,991. 

HiLLEROD,  a  t.  of  Denmark,  isl.  of 
Seeland.     P.  1,800. 

HiLLiON,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Cotes-du-Nord.     P.  2,518. 

Hillsborough,  a  S.  co.,  N.  H.  Area, 
1,245  sq^.  m.    Cap.  Amherst.     P.  57,477. 

II.  a  W.  CO.  Fla.     Cap.  Tampa.     P. 

2,377. III.  t.,  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H. 

IV.  t.,  Somerset  co.  N.  J.     P.  2,863. 

V.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Orange  co.  N.  C. ■ 

VI.   cap.,   So.itt  CO.   Miss. VII.  p-t., 

cap.  Highland  co.  0.     P.  1,200. VIIL 


3^4 


CYCLOPEDIA    OP    GEOGRAPHY. 


[hiJ? 


p-v.,  cap.   Montgomery  co.  111.     P.  400. 

IX.  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland,  Ulster, 

CO.  Down. — ^— X.  the  princip.  town  o  Iho 
island  Carriacou,  one  of  the  Grenadines, 
W.  Indies. 

HiLLiAR,  t.,  Knox  CO.  0.     P.  1,012. 

HiLLSBORo',  p-y.,  cap.  Jefferson  co.  Mo. 

Hillsdale,  a  S.  co.,  Mich.  Area, 
576  sq.  m.    Cap.  Jonesville.     P.  16,159. 

II.  p-t.,    Columbia  co.   N.   Y.      P. 

2,123. 

HiLLTOWN,  p-t.,  Bucks  CO.  Pa.  P. 
1,910. 

HiLPOLSTEiN,  a  small  town  of  Bavaria, 
circ.  Upper  Palatine,  with  1,495  inhabs. 
II.  Upp.  Franconia. 

HiLVARENBEEK,  &  HiLVERSUM,  a  tOWn 

&  vill.  of  the  Netherlands,  the  former, 
prov.  N.  Brabant,  cap.  dist.  Pop.  of 
dist.  2,384  ;  the  latter,  prov.  IST.  Holland, 
cap.  dist.,  with  4,999  inhabs. 

Himalaya,  extend  along  the  N.  bound- 
ary of  Hindostan,  &  form  the  most  ele- 
vated mountain-chain  in  the  world.  They 
are  situated  between  lat.  27°  &  35°  N., 
&  Ion.  73°  &  98°  E.  The  length  of  the 
range  is  estimated  at  1,500  m. ;  the 
breadth,  as  far  as  ascertained,  varies 
from  100  m.  to  350  m.  The  range  lies 
between  two  plains,  a  low  alluvial  plain 
on  the  S.,  drained  by  the  Ganges  &  the 
Brahmaputra,  &  the  elevated  table-land 
of  Tibet  on  the  N.  &  N.E.  The  moun- 
tains terminate  on  the  S.  The  mean 
elevation  of  the  range  has  been  estimated 
at  from  16,000  to  20,000  feet.  Forty  of 
the  peaks  have  an  elevation  exceeding 
20,000  feet.  Several  reach  a  height  of 
25,000  feet,  &  Dwalagiri  is  about  28,000 
feet,  Kunchinginga  28,178  feet,  Jnwahir 
25,670  feet,  Jumnautri  25,500  feet,  & 
Chamalari  23,929  feet. 

HiNCHE,  a  town  of  Hayti,  46  m.  S.E. 
Cape  Haytien,  on  the  Hiuche. 

Hinchley,  a  town,  Medina  co.  Ohio. 
P.  1,285. 

Hinckley,    a  town   of  England,    co. 

Leicester.    P.  7,291. II.  p-t.,  Medina 

CO.  0.     P.  1,285. 

Hindelang,  a  market  town  of  Bava- 
ria, circ.  Swabia.     P.  1,288. 

HiNDELOopEN,  a  scaport  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  cap.  cant.,  prov.  W.  Pries- 
land,  on  the  Zuyder  Zee.    P.  1,207. 

Hindia,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  Gwalior 
dom.,  on  the  Nerbudda. 

Hindian,  a  town  of  Persia,  prov.  Khu- 
zistan,  20  m.  from  the  Persian  gulf.  P. 
3,500. 

HiNDOEN,  the  largest  of  the  Loffoden 
isls.,  Norway,  in  the  Arctic  ocean.  L. 
45  m. :  br.  40  m. 


Hindoo  Coosh,  Indian  Caucasus,  a 
great  mountain  chain  of  Central  Asia, 
batween  lat.  34°  &  36°  N.,  &  Ion.  68°  & 
75°  E.,  extending  from  the  Upper  Indus 
eastward  to  the  Bamian  pass  westward, 
separating  Affghanistan  from  Indep.  Tur- 
kestan. It  rises  in  many  parts  to  upwards 
of  20,000  feet  in  elevation. 

HiNDOON,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  dom. 
Jeypoor. 

Hindostan,  that  part  of  India  gene- 
rally known  as  the  peninsula  within  the 
Ganges,  extending  from  the  Himalaya 
mountains  on  the  N.  to  Cape  Comorin  on 
the  S.,  &  bounded  on  the  E.  &  W.  by  the 
'  Indian  ocean.  Length  from  N.  to  S.  1,800  - 
m. ;  greatest  bdth.,  between  Cape  Monze 
&  Sylhet,  along  the  parallel  of  25°  N., 
is  r,580  m.  Area,  1  million  sq.  m.  Coast 
line,  about  3,280  m.  There  are  very  few 
harbors  on  the  E.  coast,  but  on  the  W. 
they  are  numerous  &  safe.  The  mntn. 
ranges  are  the  Himalaya  on  the  N.,  the 
Vindhya  in  the  valley  of  the  Ganges,  & 
the  E.  &  W.  Ghauts  of  the  S.  peninsula. 
The  principal  rivs.  are  the  Ganges,  Brah- 
maputra, Godavery,  Kistnah,  Penaar, 
Cauvery,  Indus,  Nerbudda,  &  Taptee. 
There  are  no  lakes  of  any  magnitude. 
The  country  is  naturally  divided  into  the 
plain  of  the  Ganges  &  the  plain  of  the 
Indus,  or  northern  region ;  the  Deccan, 
or  middle  region,  comprehending  the  apex 
of  the  peninsula  S.  of  the  gap  of  Coimba- 
toor.  Few  metallic  mines  of  any  impor- 
tance are  wrought.  Diamonds  are  found 
in  the  Deccan,  &  cornelians  in  the  W. 
parts  of  the  peninsula.  Among  the  native 
animals,  the  elephant,  lion,  tiger,  leopard, 
buffalo,  &  goat  are  the  most  remarkable. 
The  climate  of  Hindostan  is  tropical  & 
subtropical.  In  the  S.  &  middle  regions 
the  heat  is  very  great;  in  the  North, 
the  elevated  regions  of  the  Himalaya 
have  a  temperate  &  delightful  climate. 
The  monsoons  prevailing  on  both  sides 
of  the  peninsula,  bring  periodic  rains. 
Many  portions  of  the  valleys  of  the  Gan- 
ges &  Indus  are  very  fertile.  Teak  & 
various  other  timber  trees  flourish  in  the 
Ghauts.  In  the  southern  regions,  the 
country  is  in  a  more  uncultivated  state. 
In  1498,  the  Portuguese  were  the  first 
European  nation  who  invaded  &  estab-, 
lished  themselves  in  India  at  Goa,  & 
along  the  Malabar  coast ;  &  in  the  be- 
ginning of  the  17th  century,  the  Dutch 
&  English  commenced  their  settlements. 

Hinds,  a  central  co..  Miss.  Area,  875 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Raymond.     P.  25,340. 

HiNESBURG,  p-t.,  Chittenden  co.  Vt. 
P.  1,682. 


«»«i| 


hoc] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


SVS'- 


Hhstesville,  p-v.,  cap.  Liberty  co.  Ga. 

HiNGHAM,  t.,  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  In- 
corporated 1635.  P.  3,980. II.  a  mkt. 

town  of  England,  co.  Norfolk.     P.  1,691. 

HiNG-HOA,  a  marit.  city  of  China,  prov. 
Fokien,  90  m.  N.E.  Amoy. 

HiNGLAj,  a  place  of  Hindoo  pilgrim- 
age, Belooehistan,  prov.  Mukran,  on  the 
Aghor. 

HiNGUNGHAUT,  a  Considerable  com- 
mercial town  of  Hindostan,  Berar  dom. 

HiNiESTA,  a  town,  Spain,  prov.  Cuenca. 
P.  4,116. 

HiNLOPEN,  the  strait  separating  the 
principal  island,  Spitzbergen,  from  B. 
island. 

HiNOJOsA  DEL  DuauE,  a  town,  Spain, 
prov.  Cordova.     P.  7,748. 

Hinsdale,  t.,  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.     P. 

1,141. II.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.   P.  955. 

III.  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co.  N.  Y.    P. 

1,302. 

HiOHRiNG,  the  most  N.  town  of  Jutland, 
Denmark,  cap.  amt.    P.  1,800. 

HippA,  a  small  island  of  the  N.  Pacific 
ocean,  ^Y■  of  Queen  Charlotte  isL,  British 
N.  America. 

HippEEHOLME,  a  township  of  England, 
CO.  York,  W.  Riding,  on  the  Calder.  P. 
5,421. 

HippoLYTB  (St.),  sevl.  towns  &  comms. 

of  France. 1,  dep.  Gard.   P.  4,778. 

II.  dep.  H.  Rhin.     P.  2,129. 

Hiram,  t.,  Oxford  co.  Me.  P.  1,233. 
II.  p-t..  Portage  co.  Ohio.     P.  1,080. 

HiRCHOVA,  a  fortified  town,  European 
Turkey,  prov.  Bulgaria,  cap.  dist.,  on  the 
Danube.     P.  4,000. 

HiREPOLi,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Rumili,  on  the  route  to  Rodosto. 

HiRiAL,  a  populous  vill.  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Madras. 

HiRSCHAu,  a  small  town  of  Bavaria, 

circ.  Upp.  Palatinate.    P.  1,406. II.  a 

vill.  of  Wiirtemberg,  circ.  Black  Forest, 
on  the  jSTagold. 

HiRSCHBERG,  a  fortificd  town  of  Pruss. 
Silesia,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Bober.     P.  7,327. 

II.  a  town,  principality  Reuss,  cap. 

dist.  on  the  Saale.     P.  1,700. III.  a 

town  of  Bohemia,  circ.  Bunzlau.   P.  1,946. 

HiRSCHFELDE,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circ. 

Bautzen,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Neisse.     P.  1,551. 

»HiRscHORN,  a  vill.  of  H.-Darmstadt, 

prov.    Starkenburg,    cap.    dist.    on    the 

Neckar.     P.  1,694. 

HiHsiNGUE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
cap.  cant ,  dep.  H.  Rhin.     P.  1,281. 

HiRsoN,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aisne,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Oise.  P. 
3,024. 

HiRsovA,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 


Bulgaria,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Danube.     P, 

4,000. 

HisAR,  a  vill.  of  Persia,  prov.  Azer- 
bijan. 

HisiGLNE,  a  small  town  of  Persia,  prov. 
Irak-Ajemi,  on  Sefid  Rood. 

HisiNGEN,  an  island  oflF  the  W.  coast 
of  Sweden,  Isen  Gothenburg. 

HissAR,  a  mountainous  region  of  Cen- 
tral Asia. II.  its  cap.  town,  Hissar. 

Hit,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pasha- 
lic  Bagdad,  on  the  Euphrates.  It  con- 
sists of  about  1,500  clay-built  &  flat  roof- 
ed houses,  built  around  an  elongated 
hill. 

Hitchin,  a  mkt.  town  of  England,  co. 
Hertford. 

Hitteren,  an  island  of  Norway,  in  the 
Atlantic.  L.  30  miles. ;  greatest  b.  10 
m. — Hitterae  is  a  small  isl.,  off  the  S.W. 
coast,  amt.  Mandal.     P.  1,160. 

Hiwassee,  r.,  Ga.,  an  affl.  of  the  Tenn. 
^  Hlinsko,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  tho 
Chrudimka.     P.  3,264. 

Hluk,  a  mkt.  town  of  Moravia,  circ. 
Hradisch.     P.  1,980. 

HoAi-HO,  a  river  of  China,  traverses 
the  Lake  Hong-tse,  &  joins  the  Hoang- 
ho.  L.  400  m.  Hoai  &  Hoang  are  the 
names  of  many  districts  &  towns  of  China 
&  Corea. 

HoAi-KHiNG,  a  city  of  China,  prov.  Ho- 
nan,  cap.  dep.,  lat.  35°  6'  Ion.  113°  E. 

HoANG-Ho,  or  Yellow  River,  one  of 
the  principal  rivers  of  the  Chinese  em- 
pire.    L.  2,000  m. 

HoANG-TCHOu,  a  city  of  China,  prov. 
Hou-pe,   cap.    dep.,    on    the    Yang-tze- 


HoBARTON,  or  HoBART  TowN,  the  cap. 
town  of  Tasmania  (Van  Diemen's  Land), 
&  dist.  of  same  name,  on  the  Derwent, 
near  its  month.  It  is  situated  on  two  de- 
clivities, &  is  regularly  &  well  built. 

HoBOKEN,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium, 

prov.  Antwerp.     P.  2,288. II.   a  vill., 

New  Jersey,  on  Hudson  river,  opposite 
New  York,  with  which  it  communicates 
by  steam-ferries. 

HoBROE,  a  town  of  Denmark,  prov. 
Jiitland.     P.  1,000. 

HocHFELDEN,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  B.  Rhin,  cap.  cant.  P. 
2,558. 

HocHHEiM,  a  vill.  of  Nassau,  near  the 
Main.     P.  1,971. 

HocHKiRCH,  a  vill.  of  Saxony,  circ. 
Bautzen. II.  a  vill.,  Prussian  Silesia. 

HocHSPEYEH,  a  vill.  of  Rhenish  Bava- 
ria,.    P.  1,332. 

HocHST,  a  town  of  W.  Germany,  duchy 
Nassau,  on  the  Main,  near  the  influx  of 


J76 


CY*CLOP^ii;DIA  OF  GKOGRAPHY. 


[hok 


the   Nidda.     P.  1,800. II.   a  market 

town  of  Hessen  Darmstadt,  prov.  Stark- 
enburg.     P.  1,320. 

HocHSTADT,  two  towns  of  Bavaria. 

I.  circ.  Swabia,  on  1.  b.  of  the   Danube. 

P.  2,460. II.  a  t.,  circ.  Upper  Franc, 

ontheAisch.     P.  1,713. 

HocKHOCKiNG,  a  river  in  Ohio,  80  m. 
long.  It  is  navigable  for  boats,  70  miles 
from  its  mouth. 

Hocking,  a  S.  co.  0.  Area,  432  sq.  m. 
Cap.  Logan.  P.  14,119. II.  t.,  Fair- 
field CO.  0.     P.  2,137. 

HoDDESDON,  a  small  mkt.  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Herts.     P.  1,743. 

HoDEiDA,  a  seaport  town  of  Arabia,  Ye- 
men, on  the  Red  sea. 

HoDiMONT,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov.  E. 
Liege.     P.  2,000. 

HoEi,  numerous  cities  &  towns  of  the 
Chinese  empire  ;  the  principal  being. 

I.  (H.-an),  prov.  Kiang-su,  cap.  dep. 

II.  (if.  Ning-tching,  Mongol.  Bainda)^ 

Chinese  Turkestan. III.  (H.-tcheou), 

China,    prov.  Canton,  on  a  tributary  of 

the  Canton  river,  cap.  dep. IV.  (ff.- 

Yuan-Tching),  the  Chinese  name  of  Ele, 
or  Hi,  which  see. — The  Hoei-ho  is  a  chief 
affl.  of  the  Hoang-ho,  or  Yellow  river. 
L.400m. 

HoEON-HO,  a  river  of  China,  prov.  Chi- 
li.    L.  300.  m. 

HoERDT,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Rhin.     P.  1,539. 

HoF,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ.  Upper 
Franc,  cap.  dist.,  on  the  Saale.  P.  8,049. 

II.  a  market  town  of  Upper  Austria. 

III.  Uof-qf-  Gastein,  Upper  Austria. 

IV.  a  pa.  of  Norway,  with  6,000  in- 

habs. — Ho/en  &  Hqfenheim  are  vills.  re- 
spectively in  the  doms.  Wiirtemberg  & 
Baden. 

HoFGEisMAR,  a  town  of  Hessen-Cassel, 
prov.  Lower  Hessen.  on  an  afil.  of  the 
Weser.     P.  3,503. 

HoFHEiM,  a  vill.,  Bavaria,  circ.  Lower 

Franc.    P.  850. II.  a  walled  town, 

duchy  Nassau.     P.  1,471. III.  a  vill., 

H.-Darm?tadt,  prov.  Starkenburg.  P. 
1,270. 

HoFWYL,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Bern. 

HoGELAND,  a  small  isl.  of  Russia,  in 
the  gulf  of  Finland. 

HoGHTON,  a  tnship.  of  Engl.,  co.  Lan- 
caster.    P.  1,706. 

HoG    Island,    several    isls.,    Malay 

archip. 1,  off  the   N.E.  extremity  of 

Java,  &  about  20  m.  in  circuit. II. 

off  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra,  &  about  40 

in   length,   by  3  m.  in  breadth. III. 

British  India,  an  islet  in  the  harbor  of 


Bombay. IV.  Bahamas,  N.E.  of  New 

Providence. 

Hog  Islands,  a  cluster  of  islets,  off 
the  coast  of  Ireland,  Munster,  co.  Kerry. 
— Hoghead  is  a  promontory  in  the  At- 
lantic 

HoGOLEN  Islands,  a  group  in  the 
centre  of  the  Carolines,  Pacific  ocean. 

^HoGSTiEs,  a  group  of  dangerous  rocky 
islets,  Bahamas,  AV.  Indies. 

HoGYEsz,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  Tol- 
na.  P.  3,070. 

HoHENAu,  a  vill.  of  Lower  Austria, 
near  the  March.     P.  1,557. 

HoHENBRucK,  a  town  of  Bohemia.  P. 
2,231. 

HoHENECK,  two  vills.  of  Germany. 

I.  Styria. II.  Wiirtemberg,  circ.  Nec- 

kar. 

HoHENELBE,  a  towu  of  Bohemia,  circ. 
Bidschow,  on  the  Elbe.     P.  3,257. 

Hohen-Ems,  a  mkt.  town  of  the  Tyrol. 
P.  1,900. 

HoHENFURT,  a  vill.  of  Bohemia.  P. 
1,042. 

HoHENHEiM,  a  hamlet  of  Wiirtem- 
berg. 

HoHENLEUBEN,  a  market  town,  Cen- 
tral Germany,  princip.  Reuss-Schleitz. 
P.  2,200. 

HoHENLiNDEN,  a  vill.  of  Upper  Bava- 
ria, E.  Munich. 

HoHENLOHE,  an  anc.  princip.  of  Ger- 
man}', circ.  Franoonia. 

HoHENMAUTH,  a  town  of  Bohemia.  P. 
4,623. 

HoHENsAX,  a  vill.  of  E.  Switzerland, 
cant.  St.  Gall.     P.  1,153. 

HbHENSTADT,  a  town  of  Moravia,  circ. 
Olmutz,  on  the  Sazawa.     P.  1,494. 

HoHENSTAUFEN,  a  vill.  of  Wlirtem- 
borg,  circ.  Danube.     P.  1,106. 

HoHENSTEiN,  or  HoHNSTEiN,  Several 

small  towns  of  Germany. 1.  Saxonv. 

P.   4,670. II.   (Polish    Olstinch),   E. 

Prussia,  on  L.  Wispel.    P.  1,000. III. 

Saxony,  circ.  Dresden.     P.  994. 

Hohenzollern-Hechingen,  a  princi- 
pality of  Germanv.  Area,  117  sq.  m. 
P.  20,143.  Cap.  Hechin-en.  Pub.  rev. 
160,000  florins  ;  debt,  320,000  florins. 

Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen,  a  prin- 
cipality. Area,  335  sq.  m.  P.  45,431.  Cap. 
Sigmaringen.  Chief  industry,  agricul- 
ture &  cattle  rearing.  Government,  a 
constitutional  monarchy.  Public  revenue, 
180,000  Rhenish  florins;  debt,  100,000 
florins. 

Hoja-Jamote-ka-Gote,  a  vill.,  Be- 
loochistan,  prov.  Lus. 

Ho-KiAN,  a  city  of  China,  prov.  Chi-li, 
cap.  dop. 


hol] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER, 


311 


^ 


HoKiANGA,  a  riv.  of  New  Zealand,  N. 
isL,  enters  the  sea  on  its  W.  coast.  On  it 
are  a  British  settlement,  &  a  Wesleyan 
mission. 

HoLAE,  a  vill.  of  Iceland,  on  the  N. 
coast.  It  became  a  bishop's  see  in- 
1106. 

HoLBEACH,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  Lin- 
coln.    P.  4,637. 

HoLBECK,  a  twnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  York, 
W.  Riding.    P.  13,346. 

IIoLBEK,  a  seaport  town  of  Denmark, 
cap.  cant.     P.  2,300. 

HoLDEN,  t.,  Worcester  co.  Mass.  P. 
1,874. 

HoLDERNEss,  t.,  Graftoii  CO.  N.  H.  P. 
1,528.— r-II.  a  dist.  of  Engl.,  co.  York, 
E.  Riding. 

HosGuiN,  a  town  of  Cuba.     P.  6,000. 

HoLics,  a  town  of  N.W.  Hungary, 
circ.  Neutra.     P.  4,333. 

HoLKEE  (Upper),  a  twnshp.  of  Engl., 

CO.  Lancaster.    P.  1,114. ^.{Lawe.r), 

2  m.  S.  Upper-Holker.     P.  ^70. 

Holland  (North  &  South),  two  con- 
tiguous provs.,  &  the  most  important  of 
kingdom  of  the  Netherlands,  composed 
of  the  penins.  &  isls.,  having  S.,  Holland' s- 
Diep,  &  a  mouth  of  the  Rhine,  W.  the 
North  sea,  &  on  other  sides,  the  Zuydei-- 
zee.  Area  of  N.  Holland,  960  sq.  m.  P. 
(1848)  462,851;  of  S.Holland,  1,175  sq. 
m.  P.  564,454.  Surface  uniformly  flat, 
intersected  by  numerous  canals,  &  much 
of  it  below  the  level  of  high  sea-tides,  but 
protected  against  these  by  a  line  of  natu- 
ral downs  all  along  the  W.  coast,  &  arti- 
ficial dykes  elsewhere. II.  p-t.,  Erie 

CO.  N.  Y.     P.  1,315. III.  {Paris  of), 

a  dist.  of  Engl.,  forming  a  division  of  the 

CO.  Lincoln.     P.  72,361. IV.  {Preuss- 

isch),  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  on  a  height 
near  the  Weeska.     P.  3,360. 

HoLLAKDS-DiEP,  the  princip.  arm  of 
the  Waal,  between  S.  Holland  &  N.  Bra- 
bant, Netherlands. 

iloLLEScHAu,  a  towu  of  Moravla,  circ. 
Hradisch,  on  an  affl.  of  the  March.  P. 
4,589. 

HoLLFELD,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ. 
TJpp.  Franconia.  P.  1,048. — Hollingstedt 
is  a  vill.  of  Denmark. 

HoLLiDAYSBrrEG,  p-b.,  Huntingdon  co. 
Pa.    P.  1,896. 

UOLLINGWOOD,  a  vill.  of  Engl.,  co. 
Lancaster. 

HoLLiNGWOETH,  a  twnshp.  of  Engl., 
CO.  Chester.     P.  2,012. 

HoLLis,  t.,  York  co.  Me.   P.  2,683. 

II.  t.,  Hillsboro'  CO.  N.  H.     P.  1,333. 

HoLLisTON,  t.,  Middlesex  co.  Mass. 
P.  1,782. 


Holly  Springs,  p-v.,  cap.  Marshall 
CO.  Miss. 

Hollywood,  a  vill.,  Ireland,  Ulster,  co. 
Down.     P.  1,532. 

Holmes,  a  N.E.  co.  0.     Area,  422  sq. 

m.     Cap.  MiUersburg.    P.  20,452. II. 

N.W.  CO.  Miss.     Area,  600  sq.  m.     Cap. 

Lexington.    P.   13,929. III.   county, 

Fla.     p:  1,644. 

Holmes  Hole,  a  vill.  &  large  harbor 
of  Massachusetts,  on  the  Atlantic,  70  m. 
S.S.E.  Boston.  It  contains  a  street  of 
100  houses.  The  harbor,  which  has  deep 
water,  is  much  frequented  by  vessels, 
when  the  wind  will  not  allow  of  doubling 
Cape  Cod. 

Holmestrand,  a  seaport  town  of  Nor- 
waj',  on  the  Drammen  Fiord.     P.  1,746. 

Holmesville,  cap.  of  Appling  co.  Ga. 
II.  cap.  of  Pike  co.  Miss. 

Holmfirth,  t.,  CO.  York,  Engl. 

Holms,  two  islets  of  Engl.  &  S.  Wales, 
in  the  estuary  of  the  river  Severn. 

Holstebroe,  a  town  of  Denmark, 
prov.  Jutland,  on  the  Stor-aa.  P. 
1,200. 

HoLSTEiN  (Duchy  of),  depend,  of  Den- 
mark, which,  till  1848,  formed  part  of 
the  Germanic  confederation,  bounded  E. 
by  the  Baltic,  &  W.  by  the  N.  Sea.  Area 
3,255  sq.  m.  P.  (1845)  479,350.  It  con- 
tains numerous  lakes,  the  chief  of  which 
is  the  Plonsee.  Its  agricultural  produce 
resembles  that  of  the  E.  of  Engl. 

HoLSTON,  r.,Tenn.,  uniting  with  Clinch, 
forms  the  Tenn.  r.,  nav.  70  m.,  with  the 

interruption   of    a    fall. II.    county, 

Mo.     P.  3,957. 

HoLswoRTHY,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Devon,  on  the  Tamar.     P.  1,857. 

Holt  EN,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Overyssel.     P.  2,619. 

HoLTz,  a  vill.  of  Bohemia,  circ.  Chru- 
dim.     P.  3,424. 

HoLWAN,  a  city  of  antiquity,  the 
Calah  of  Asshur  (Genesis  x.  11),  &  the 
Hallah  of  the  Israelitish  captivity,  is  now 
represented  by  the  vill.  Sar-Puli,  Persia, 
prov.  Irak-Ajemi. 

HoLWERD,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Friesland,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  North 
sea.     P.  1,700. 

Holyhead,  an  island,  seaport  town  of 
N.  Wales,  co.  Anglesea.  Holyhead  owes 
its  importance  to  its  being  the  nearest 
British  port  to  Dublin. 

Holy  Island,  a  peninsula,  insulated 
at  high  water,  N.E.  coast  of  England. 

Holywell,  a  manufacturing  town,  N. 
Wales,  CO.  Flint. 

HOLZAPPBL,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy 
Nassau,  on  the  Lahn.     P.  921. 


3*78 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[hod 


HoLZGERLiNGEN,  a  viU.  of  Wurtein- 
berg,  circ.  Neckar.     P.  1,638. 

HoLZMiNDEN,  a  frontier  town  of  Ger- 
many, duchy  Brunswick,  cap.  circ,  on 
the  Weser.    P.  3,409. 

HoMBERG,  a  town  of  Germany,  Hes- 
sen-Cassel,  prov.  Lower  Hessen,  on  the 

Efze.     P.  3,815. II.  a  town  of  Hessen- 

Darmstadt,  prov.  Upper  Hessen,  on  the 
Ohm.     P.  1,692. 

HoMBOURG,  two  contiguous  comms.  & 
vills.  of  France,  dep.  Moselle.  United 
p.  3,075. 

HoMBURG,  several  small  towns,  &c.,  of 

Central  Germany. 1,  a  fortified  town, 

Rhenish  Bavaria.     P.  3,107. 

HoMBURG  (Vor-der-Hohe),  a  town 
of  Central  Germany.     P.  4,500. 

Home,  a  dist.  of  Upper  Canada,  be- 
tween Lakes  Ontario  &  Huron. — Home 
bay,  British  N.  Amer.,  N.  of  Cumberland 
island,  is  in  lat.  68°  30'  N.,  Ion.  68°  W. 

Homer,   t.,    Cortland  co.   N.  Y.     P. 

3,836.      The  v.   is  on  the  cr. II.   t., 

Athens  eo.  0.  P.  912. III.  p-t.,  Cal- 
houn CO.  Mich.     P.  824. 

Homme,  a  river  of  Belgian  Luxem- 
bourg.    L.  25  m. 

Homorod,  several  vills.  of  Transyl- 
vania.— The  Great  Homorod  is  a  river 
which  joins  the  Aluta,  after  a  S.S.W. 
course  of  30  m. 

HoMS,  a  town  of  Syria,  pash.  Damas- 
cus. P.  30,000.  It  is  built  of  dark 
basalt,  &  has  numerous  mosques,  well 
•supplied  bazaars,  manufs.  of  gold  &  silver 
thread,  cotton,  woollen,  &  silk  fabrics,  & 
an  active  trade  with  Hamah,  Aleppo,  & 
Damascus. 

Ho-NAN,  an  inland  prov.  of  China.  P. 
23,037,171. — — II.  a  city,  cap.  dep.,  in 
same  prov.,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Hoang- 
ho,  in  lat.  34°  40'. 

Honda,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  New  Gra- 
nada, dep.  Cundinamarea,  on  the  Mag- 
dalena.  P.  6,000.  (1)— Honda  is  the 
name  of  a  bay  on  the  N.  coast  of  New 
Granada,  lat.  12°  20'  N.,  Ion.  71°  50'  W. ; 
&  of  a  bay,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Cuba,  60  m. 
W.  Havana. 

Hondo,  or  Rio  Grande,  a  river  of 
Yucatan  &  British  Honduras,  enters  a 
bay  of  the  Caribbean  sea. 

H'ONdschoote,  a  frontier  comm.  &  vill. 
of  France,  dep.  Nord,  cap.  cant.   P.  2,250. 

Honduras  (Bay  of),  a  wide  inlet  of 
the  Caribbean  sea. 

HoNEOYB  Falls,  p-v.,  Monroe  co. 
N.  Y.     P.  1,000. 

HoNEOYE  Lake,  Richmond  co.  N.  Y. 

Honesdale,  p-b.,  cap.  Wayne  co.  Pa. 
P.  1,086. 


HoNEYEROOK,  p-t.,  Chester  eo.  Pa.  P. 
1,773. 

Honfleur,  a  comm.  &  seaport  town  of 
France,  dep.  Calvados,  on  the  S.  or  left 
bank  of  the  estuary  of  the  Seine.  P.  9,506. 

Hong-Kong,  an  isl.  off  the  coast  of 
China,  E.  of  the  entrance  of  the  Canton 
river,  lat.  22°  12'  N,,  long.  114°  13'  E., 
&  now  erected  into  a  British  colony.  L. 
8  m.;  br.  from  2  to  6  m.  P.  23,748. 
Surface  mntnous.  &  bare.  Here  are 
some  good  roadsteads,  but  violent  hurri- 
canes are  frequent.  On  the  N.  coast  is 
the  cap.  town. 

Honiton,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  Devon, 
on  the  Otter  r. 

HoNNiNGEN,  a  mkt.  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Rhine.     P.  1,230. 

HoNNEcouRT,  a  mkt.  town  of  France, 
dep.  Nord,  near  the  Scheldt.     P.  1,417. 

Honolulu,  the  princip.  town  of  the 
Sandwich  isls.,  Pacific  0.,  on  Woahoo  isl., 
in  lat.  21°  1^2"  N.,  Ion.  157°  55'  W.  It 
is  meanly  buut,  but  an  entrepot  for  Eu- 
ropean &  Indian  goods,  re -shipped  hence 
to  America;  &  sometimes  80  whalers 
anchor  here. 

Honor  de  Cos  (L'),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Tam-et-Garonne,  on  r.  b. 
of  the  Aveyron.    P.  1,535. 

HoNORB  (Ste.),  a  comm.  &  viU.  of 
Fr-ance,  dep.  Ni^vre.    P.  1,051. 

Honorine  la  Chardonne  (Ste.),  a 
comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Orne.  P. 
1,541. II.  {La  Guillaume).     P.  1,274. 

HoNRUBiA,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Cuenca.     P.  1,820. 

HooBLY,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Bombay.     P.  15,000. 

Hood  Channel,  N.W.  America,  Ore- 
gon terr.,  is  an  inlet  of  the  Georgian 
gulf,  lat.  47°  53'  N.,  Ion.  122°  30'  W.— 
Hood's  river,  Brit.  N.  America,  flows 
into  Coronation  gulf,  Arctic  ocean. — 
Hood's  island  is  one  of  the  Galapagos 
group. 

HooGE,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  N.  Brabant.     P.  1,314. 

HooGEVEEN,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, prov.  Drenthe,  cap.  cant.    P.  6,995. 

HooGEZAND,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands. 
P.  1,680. 

HooGHLY,  a  town  &  dist.,  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  the  town  on  the  r.  b.  of 
the  Hooghly  riv.,  25  m.  N.  Calcutta.  It 
is  large,  prosperous,  &  picturesque. 
Here,  in  1632,  occurred  the  first  serious 
outbreak  between  the  Moguls  &  Euro- 
peans ;  &  in  1686,  the  first  engage- 
ment between  the  British  &  the  Mo-  --- 
guls.  The  dist.  Hooghly  has  an  area  of 
2,260  sq.  m. ;  had  (1822),  a  p.  of  1,239,150^-, 


hok] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


379 


—  Hooghly  river,  the  W.-most  branch  of 
the  Granges,  at  its  delta,  formed  by  the 
union  of  the  Cossimbazar,  &  Jellinghy 
branches,  about  55  ni.  N.  Calcutta.  L. 
200  m.  Its  mouth  is  nearly  10  m.  across. 
It  is  the  only  branch  of  the  Ganges  navi- 
gated by  large  vessels. 

HooGLEDE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Bel- 
gium, prov.  W.  Flanders.     P.  4,033. 

HooGSTRAETEN,  a  Small  town  of  Bel- 
gium, prov.  Antwerp,  cap.  cant.,  on  the 
March,  with  1,550  inhabs. 

HooKSET,  t.,  Merrimac  co.  Jf.  H.  P. 
1,175. 

Hooly-Onorb,  a  town  &  fort  of  Hin- 
dostan,  Mysore  dom. 

HooRMARA,  a  seaport  town,  Beloochis- 
tan,  prov.  Mukran,  on  the  Indian  ocean. 
P.  2,000. 

HooRN,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  prov.  N.  Holland,  cap.  dist., 
on  the  Zuyder-zee.  P.  8,668.  It  has  a 
naval  college,  &  an  active  trade  in  ship- 
building. 

HoosicK,  r.,  N.  Y.,  an  afii.  of  the  Hud- 
son.  II.  p-t.,  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.     P. 

3,724. 

Hope,  t.,  Waldo  co.  Me.   P.  1,770. 

II.  p-t.,  Warren  co.  N.  J.     P.  1,690. 

III.  (Island),  off  the  S.E.  coast  of  Spitz- 
bergen,  Arctic  ocean,  is  in  lat.  76'°  20' 
N.,  ion.  19°  54'  B.  It  is  mountainous,  & 
has  a  harbor  on  its  N.  side. — Hope 
islands  are  a  group  off  the  E.  coast  of 
Australia.— ii/bpe  nose,  Engl.,  E.  coast  of 
Devonshire. — Hope  river,  Jamaica,  co. 
Surrey,  enters  the  Caribbean  sea. — 
Hope's  Advance  bay,  N.  coast  of  Labra- 
dor, is  in  lat.  60°  N.,'  Ion.  70°  W. 

Hope  Town,  a  vill.  of  Brit.  Guiana, 
well  laid  out,  &  with  about  2,000  inhabi- 
tants. 

Hopewell,  p-t.,  Ontario  co.  N".  Y.     P. 

1,923. II.  p-t.,  Mercer  co.  N.  J. 

III.  t.,  Cumberland  co.  N.  J.     P.  2,220. 

IV.   p-t.,    Huntingdon    co.    Pa.     P. 

1,238. V.   p-t.,    Beaver    eo.    Pa.     P. 

1,603. VI.  t.,  York  co.  Pa.     P.  1,905. 

VII.   p-t.,  Washington  co.  Pa.      P. 

1,596. VIII.  p-t.,  Bedford  co.  Pa.     P. 

1,213. — —IX.  t.,  Cumberland  co.  Pa.   P. 

1,036. X.  p  t.,  Muskingum  co.  0.     P. 

1,806. XI.    t.,    Licking    co.    0.      P. 

1,150. XIL  t..  Perry  co.  0.     P.  1,544.' 

XTII.  t.,  Seneca  co.   0.     P.   913.— 

Hopewell-head  is  a  cape  of  Labrador, 
Brit.  N.  Amer.,  projecting  into  Hudson 
bay,  in  lat.  57°  10'  N.,  Ion.  77°  W.,  ad- 
jacent to  which  is  Hopewell  bay. 

HopiTAL  (L'),  or  Albertville,  a  town 
of  the  Sardinian  sta.,  prov.  Upper  Savoy, 
on  rt.  b.  of  the  Doron.     P.  3,406. 


Hopkins,  W.  co.  Ky.     Area,  750  sq. 

m.     Cap.  Madisonville.     P.   12,441. 

II.  county,  Texas.     P.  2,623. 

HoPKiNsviLLE,  p-v.,  Cap.  Christian  co. 
Ky.     P.  1,581. 

HopKiNTON,  t.,  Merrimac   co.   N.  H. 

P.  2,455. II.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.    P. 

2,245. III.  t.,  Washington   co.  R.  I. 

P.  1,726. IV.  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co. 

N.  Y.     P.  1,470. 

HopwooD,  a  twnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  Lan- 
caster.    P.  1,545. 

HoR  (Mount),  a  mntn.  of  Arabia  Pe- 
trgea,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Wady-Ara- 
bah,  &  forming  part  of  Mt.  Seir,  or  Edom. 
It  is  a  steep  &  irregular  truncated  cone, 
having  three  peaks  on  the  N.,  in  the 
loftiest  of  which  is  a  grotto,  the  reputed 
^omb  of  Aaron. 

HoRAZDiowiTZ,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
circ.  Prachin,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Wattawa. 
P.  1,997. 

HoRB,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  circ. 
Black  Forest,  on  the  Neckar.     P.  2,100. 

HoRcAJO  DE  Santiago,  a  town  of 
Spain,  prov.  Cuenca.     P.  2,820. 

HoRCAsiTAs,  a  town  of  the  Mexican 
confederation,  dep.  Santander. 

Horde,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westpha- 
lia.— Hordt  is  a  vill.  of  Rhenish  Bavaria, 
on  the  Rhine.  P.  1,500 ;  &  Hordten,  a 
vill.,  Baden. 

HoREB  (Mount),  a  famous  mntn.  of 
Arabia  Petraea,  in  the  peninsula  of  Sinai, 
forming  the  N.  end  of  the  ridge,  with  the 
plain  Wady-er-Rahah  on  the  W.,  &  sup- 
posed to  be  the  Mount  Sinai  of  Scrip- 
ture. 

HoRGEN,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Zurich,  on  Hhe  W.  shore  of  its  lake. 

Horn,  two  towns   of  Germany. 1. 

L.  Austria,  with  680  inhabitants. -II. 

prinoip.  Lippe-Detmold,  10  m.  S.  Lemgo, 
with  1,700  inhabitants.    P.  1,607. 

HoRNACHOs,  a  vill.  of  Spain,  prov. 
Badajos.     P.  2,500. 

HoRN-ArvAN,  an  extensive  lake, 
Swedish  Lappmark,  about  lat.  66°  N. 
L.  50  m. ;  br.  varies  to  10  m. 

HoRNBACH  (Alt  &  Neu),  two  contigu- 
ous vills.  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  on  the 
Hornbaeh  riv.     United  pop.  1,905. 

HoRNBERG,  a  town  of  N.  Germany, 
Baden,  in  the  Black  Forest.     P.  1,156. 

HoRNBURG,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
on  the  Use.     P.  2,454. 

Hornby,  p-t.,  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
1,314. 

HoRNCASTLE,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Liiicoln. 

HoRNEBUEG,  a  vill.  of  N.  Germany, 
Hanover.    P.  1,300. 


380 


CYCLOP-iEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPUy. 


[hou 


HoRNELLsviLLE,  p-t.,  Steuben  co.  N. 
Y.     P.  2,637. 

HoKNHAusEN,  a  vill.  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony.    P.  1,757. 

Horn  Island,  a  low  &  sandy  isl.  in 
the  gulf  of  Mexico. 

HoKNOY,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Somme.     P.  1,070. 

Hornsea,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl.,  eo. 
York,  E.  Riding. 

HoRNU,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium, 
prov.  Hainault.     P.  3,022. 

HoRODLO,  a  town  of  Poland,  gov.  Lub- 
Un,  on  the  Bug.     P.  1,200. 

HoRRUEs,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Hainault.     P.  2,000. 

Horry,  E.  dist.  S.  C.  Area,  1,000  sq. 
m.     Cap.  Conwaysboro'. 

Horse  (The),   an  Islet  of  Scotl.,   co. 
Ayr,  in  the  firth  of  Clyde. 
_  Horse  Island,  an  islet  of  Irel.,  Mun- 
ster,  CO.  Cork. 

Horse-Island,  a  small  island,  but  the 
largest  &  most  fertile  in  the  Lake  Uru- 
mea,  Persia,  prov.  Azerbijan. — Horsea 
Island  is  a  small  isl.  in  Portsmouth  har- 
bor, England. 

HoRSEL,  a  riv.  of  Central  Germany. 
L.  25  m. — The  Horselberg  is  a  mountain 
range  between  Eisenach  &  Kreutz- 
burg.    Elev.  1,540  feet. 

HoRSEN,  an  anc.  seaport  town  of  Den- 
mark, prov.  Jutland.     P.  5,100. 

Horse  Race,  name  given  to  the  Hud- 
son river  just  before  leaving  the  High- 
lands. 

Horsham,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Sussex,  on  the  Adur. II.  p-t.,  Mont- 
gomery CO.  Pa.     P.  1,182. 

HoRST,    a   vill.    of  the    Netherlands, 

prov.  Limburg,  cap.  cant      P.  3,100. 

II.  a  vill.  of  Denmark,  prov.  Holstein. 

HoRSTMAR,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia.    P.  1,100. 

HoRTA,  a  seaport  town  of  Azores,  cap. 
island  Fayal,  on  its  S.E.  coast.  P. 
3,500. 

HoRTEN,  a  town  of  Norway,  stift  Ag- 
gersbuus,  on  the  gulf  of  Christiania. 

HoRTON  River,  E.  Australia,  flows  N. 
&  joins  Gwydie  river. 

HoRziTZ,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circ. 
Bidschow.     P.  2,760. 

HoRzowiTz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circ. 
Beraun.     P.  2,265. 

HospiTALET,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Barcelona.     P.  2,504. 

HosTAUN,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  its 
W.  part.     P.  1,381. 

HosTE-IsLAND,  Tierra  del  Euego,  is 
between  lat.  55°  &  55°  40'  S.,  &  Ion.  68° 
&  70°  W.,  90  m.  in  length  E.  to  W.,  by 


50  m.  in  greatest  breadth,  separated  B.- 
ward  from  Navarin  island  by  Ponsonby 
sound,  &  N.-ward  from  king  Charles, 
South  Land  by  the  Beagle  channel. 

HosTiEN  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Haute  Loire.     P.  1,830. 

HoszuMEZo,  a  vill.  of  E.  Hungary, 
CO.  Marmaros,  near  the  Theiss.  P. 
1,659. 

Hot  Springs,  a  W.  co..  Ark.  Area, 
2,540   sq.    m.      Cap.    Hot   Springs.      P. 

3,609. II.  p-v.,  Bath  co.    Va.     Here 

are  remarkable  springs  much  frequented. 

III.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Hot  Springs   co. 

Ark.,  6  m.  from  the  Washita  r.  Here 
are  50  springs  all  hot. 

Hottentot  Country,  a  region  of  S. 
Africa.  It  comprises  nearly  the  whole 
basin  of  the  Orange  riv. 

Hotzenplots,  a  small  t.  of  Austrian 
Silesia,  circ.  Troppau,  on  the  Prussian 
frontier.     P.  2,579. 

HouAT,  a  small  isl.  off  the  W.  coast  of 
France. 

HouDAN,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Oise.     P.  2,056. 

HouGA  (Le),  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town 
of  France,  dep.  Gers.     P.  1,593. 

HouGAERDE,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov. 
S.  Brabant.     P.  3,000. 

Houghton,  co.,  Mich.     P.  708. 

Houghton-le-Spring,  at.  of  England, 
CO.  Durham,  on  the  Great  N.  of  England 
railway.     P.  19,564. 

HouLME,  a  old  division  of  France, 
Lower  Normandy,  cap.  Argentan. — Le 
Houlme  is  a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Seine 
Inf.     P.  2,038. 

IIoulton,  t.,  cap.  Aroostook  co.  Me. 
P.  1,597. 

HouMA,  p-v.,  cap.  Terre  Bonne  pa. 
La. 

Hou-NAN.  a  prov.  o£  China,  between 
lat.  25°  &  30°  N.,  &  Ion.  109°  &  114°  E. 
P.  18,652,507. 

HouNDSFiELD,  t.,  Jeffei'son  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  4,136. 

HouNSLOw,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Middlesex.     P.  3,097. 

Hou-PE,  a  prov.  of  China,  in  the  cen- 
tre of  China-proper.  P.  27,270,098  {Chi- 
nese census). 

HouPLiN,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Nord.     P.  1,015. 

Hou-QUANG,  a  former  prov.  of  China. 

HouRN  (Loch),  an  inlet  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Inverness. 

Hourtin.  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Gironde.     P.  1,412. 

HousATONic,  a  river  of  Connecti- 
cut, flowing  S.-ward  into  Long  Island 
sound. 


hud] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


381 


House,  an  island  of  Shetland.  L. 
3  miles. 

HoussA,  an  independent  state  of  Centr. 
Africa,  about  lat.  12°  &  13°  N.,  &  be- 
tween Ion.  5°  &  10°  E.,  having  N.  the 
Desert,  E.  Bornou,  &  elsewhere  countries 
unexplored  &  unknown  to  Europeans. 

Houston,  a  S.W.  co.  Ga.     Area,  510 

sq.    m.       Cap.   Perry.      P.    16,450. 

II.  county,    Texas.       P.   2,727. III. 

p-v.,    cap.   Chickasaw    co.    Miss. IV. 

city,  cap.  Harris  co.  Texas,  on  the  BuiFa- 
lo-Bayou  r.,  60  m.  from  Galveston.  A 
place  of  consid.  trade.     P.  2,396. 

Hou-TCHOU,  a  city,  China,  prov.  Che- 
kiang,  cap.  dep. 

Houtman's  Islands,  a  group  off  the 
W.  coast  of  Australia,  between  lat.  28° 
&  29°  S.,  &  Ion.  113°  &  114°  E. 

Howard,  co.  Mo.  N.W.  part  of  the 
state.      Cap.    Fayette.     P.    13,969. 

II.  p-t.,  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.    P.  3.247. 

III.  p-t.,  Centre  co.  Pa.     P.  1,409 IV. 

t.,  Knox  CO.  0.     P.  1,000. V.  county, 

la.     P.  6,657. 

HowDEN,  a  town  of  England,  co.  York, 
E.  Riding,  on  the  Ouse.     P.  2,332. 

Howden-Pans,  a  township  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Northumberland.     P.  1,296. 

Howe  (Cape),  the  S.E.  point  of  Aus- 
tralia. Lat.  37°  30'  S.,  Ion.  150°  5'  E.— 
West  Cape  Howe  is  in  W.  Australia,  co. 
Plantagenet,  18  m.  S.W.  Albany. 

Howell,  t.,  Monmouth  co.  N.  J.  P. 
4,699. 

HowTH  (The  Hill  of),  a  peninsula  of 
Ireland,  Leinster,  co.  Dublin.  It  has  a 
large  harbor  of  refuge,  with  extensive 
piers,  light-house,  &c.,  constructed  by 
Telford,  at  a  cost  of  nearly  50,000Z. 

HoxTEB,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, on  1.  b.  of  the  Weser. 

Hoy, an isl.of Orkney.  L.14m.  P.1,486. 

Hoya,  a  CO.  of  Hanover.    P.  223,000. 

II.  a  market  town  in  above  co.,  on 

the  Weser.    P.  2,000. 

HoYEH,  a  petty  seaport  town,  Den- 
mark, duchy  Schleswig,  with  a  harbor  on 
the  N.  sea. 

HoYERswEEDA,  a  town  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, on  the  Black  Elster.     P.  2,050. 

HoYM,  a  town  of  Central  Germany, 
duchy  Anhalt-Bernburg,  on  the  Selke. 
P.  2,300. 

Hradek,  a  market  town  of  Bohemia. 

• -II.  avill.,  circ.  Koniggratz. III. 

(or  Wilnschelberg),  a  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia.    P.  1,150. 

Hradisch,  a  town  of  Moravia,  cap. 
circ.  on  an  island  in  the  ^areh.  P.  2,100. 

Huafo,  or  GuAF0,"^n  island  of  Chile, 
oif  the  coast.  Pacific. 


Huaheine,  one  of  the  Society  islands, 
Pacific,  N.W.  of  Tahiti.  Estimated  pop. 
2,000." 

Huallaga,  a  river  of  Peru,  rises  in 
the  Andes,  near  lat.  11°  S..  &  at  13,200 
feet  above  the  sea,  flows  mostly  N.-ward, 
&  joins  the  Amazon.     L.  500  m. 

Huamachuco,  a  town  of  Peru,  dep. 
Truxillo,  cap.  prov.,  55  m.  E.N.E.  Trux- 
illo. 

Huamanga,  a  city  of  Peru,  cap.  dep. 
Ayacucho,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Apurimac, 
140  m.  W.N.W.  Cuzco.  P.  20,000.(7)  It 
is  finely  situated,  &  handsomely  built. 

Huancavelica,  a  town  of  Peru,  dep. 
Ayacucho,  cap.  prov.,  in  the  Andes. 
Elev.  11,000  feet.     P.  8,000. 

HuANcAYO  &  Huanta,  two  towns  of 

N.  Peru. 1,  dep.  Junin, II.  dep. 

Ayacucho. 

Huanuco,  a  town  of  Peru,  dep.  Junin, 
cap.  prov.,  in  the  Andes. 

HuAciui,  a  river  of  Mexican  eonfed., 
dep.  Sonora,  enters  the  gulf  of  California. 
L. 400  m. 

HuARAz,  a  town  of  S.  America,  N. 
Peru,  dep.  Tarma.  P.  5,000. — Huari  is 
a  town,  E.  the  Andes. 

HuARTE,  two  mkt.  towns  of  Spain,  Na- 

varra. 1,  prov.  near  1.  b.  of  the  Arga. 

II.  {St.  Araquil),   15  m.  W.  Pampe. 

luna,  near  the  r.  b.  of  the  Araquil. 

HuAsco,  a  town,  S.  America,  Chile, 
dep.  N.  Coquiijibo,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Huasco. 

HuAURA,  a  seaport  town  of  Peru,  dep. 
Lima,  prov.  Chaneay,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  river  Guaura. 

HuBB,  two  rivers  of  Beloochistan,  100 
miles  long. 

Hubbard,  p-t.,  Trumbull  eo.  0.  P. 
1,242. 

HuBBAEDSTON,  p-t.,  Worcestet  co.iVIass. 
P.  1,784. 

Hubert  (St.),  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia.  II.  a  town,  Belgian  Luxembourg, 

in  the  Ardennes.     P.  1,670. 

Hubertsburg,  a  vill.  &  royal  castle  of 
Saxony,  circ.  Leipzig. 

HiJcKEswAGEN,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia.     P.  2,937. 

HuDDERSFiELD,  a  large  manufacturing 
town  of  England,  co.  York,  W.Riding,  on 
the  Coins.  It  lies  on  a  hill-slope,  is 
mostly  built  of  stone.  P.  138,843.  The 
principal  manufs.  of  the  town  &  vicinity, 
are  broad  &  narrow  cloths,  kerseymeres, 
flushings,  serges,  cords,  &  especially 
"  fancy  goods." 

HuDiKsvALL,  a  seaport  town  of  Swe- 
den, laen  Gefle,  on  an  inlet  of  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia.     P.  1,877. 


382 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GKOGRAPHV. 


[hum 


Hudson,  a  river,  in  the  state  of  New 
York,  rising  above  lat.  44°  N.,  flowing 
through  its  eastern  part  in  a  S.  direction, 
after  a  course  of  260  miles,  into  the  At- 
lantic, lat.  40°  40'  N.,  where  its  broad  es- 
tuary forms  the  harbor  of  'New  York,  & 
is  navigable  for  the  largest  ships  to  Hud- 
son, 118  m.,  &  for  large  steamboats  to 
Albany,  up  to  which  the  tide  runs,  145 
m.  from  its  mouth.  Chief  tributaries,  the 

Mohawk  &  Sacandaga. II.   a  city  & 

river  port.  New  York,  on  the  above  river, 
108  m.  N.  New  York.  It  is  built  on  a 
bold  promontory,  lined  on  either  side 
with  quays,  accessible  to  the  largest  ves- 
sels ;  has  spacious  &  regular  streets,  a 
ha«dsorae  court-house,  some  manufs.  of 
cotton  fabrics,  &  8  or  10  large  vessels  en- 
gaged  in  the  whale    fishery.     P.  6,286. 

III.  N.E.  CO.  N.  J.     Area,  75  sq.  m. 

Cap.  North  Bergen.     P.  21,821. IV, 

t.,  Hillsboro'  CO.  N.  H.     P.  1,148.^ V. 

p-t.,  Summit  co.  0.  Its  vill.  contains  the 
Western  Reserve  college,  a  promising  in- 
stitution.   VI.   an   inland    sea   of  N. 

Amer.,  between  lat.  51°  &  64°  N.,  &  Ion. 
77°  &  95°  W.,  enclosed  by  British  terri- 
tory on  all  sides,  except  the  N.B.,  where 
it  communicates  with  Davis'  strait  by 
Hudson  strait.  L.  850  m.;  br.  600  m. — 
Strait,  British  North  America,  between 
lat.  60°  &  64°  N.,  &  Ion.  65°  &  77°  W.,  is 
about  450  m.  in  length,  with  an  average 
breadth  of  100  m.,  &  connects  Hudson 
bay  with  the  ocean  &  Davis'  strait. 

Hue,  the  cap.  city  of  the  empire  Anam, 
CochinsChina,  on  the  Hue  river,  about 
10  m.  from  its  mouth,  in  the  China 
sea. 

HuEHUETOCA,  a  vill.  of  Mexico,  dep. 
N.  Mexico. — Huejocingo  is  a  vill.,  dep. 
La  Puebla. 

HuELGOAT,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Finist^re,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,170. 

HuELMA,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Jaen. 
P.  2,973. 

HuELVA,  a  marit.  town  of  Spain,  cap. 
I^rov.  same  name,  on  an  inlet  of  the  At- 
lantic.    P.  7,173. 

HuENEJA,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Gra- 
nada, on  the  N.  slope  of  S.  Nevada.  P. 
2,350. 

HuERCALOvERA,  a  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Almeria,  near  the  Almanzor.  P. 
12,912. 

HuERTA,  numerous  vills.,  Spain,  centr. 
pro  vs. 

HuEScA,  a  city  of  Spain,  Aragon,  cap. 
prov.  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Isuela.  P.  9,200. 
It  is  "  a  fine  specimen  of  an  old  Aragon- 
ese  city,  being  solidly  built  &  pictu- 
resque," but  decaying.     Its  university 


was  founded  in  1354  ;  &  it  has  two  other 


HuEscAR,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Gra- 
nada.    P.  5,640. 

HuETE,  atown  of  Spain,  prov.  Cuenca. 
P.  2,520. 

HiJFiNGEN,  a  town  of  Baden,  circ. 
Lake,  on  the  Bregaeh.     P.  1,600. 

HuissEAU,  several  comms.  &  vQls.  of 
France ;  the  principal  H.  sur-Mauve, 
dep.  Loiret.     P.  1,383. 

HuissEN,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Guelderland  on  ,the  Old  Rhine.  P. 
287. — Huizen  is  a  vill.,  prov.  N.  Hol- 
land.    P.  2,342. 

HujAMREE,  a  mouth  of  the  Great  E. 
channel  of  the  Indus,  170  yards  across 
at  Vikkur,  20  m.  from  the  sea. 

Hull  (Kingston  on),  a  river  port, 
town,  CO.  of  itself,  Engl.,  in  co.  York,  E. 
Riding,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Humber,  at 
the  influx  of  the  Hull.  P.  50,552.  The 
old  town  of  Hull  stands  on  the  W.  side 
of  the  river  Hull,  at  its  entrance  into 
the  Humber,  &  is  enclosed  from  N.  to 
W.  by  three  noble  docks,  crossed  by 
movable  bridges.  Hull  is  connected  by 
railways  with  Scarborough,  Whitby, 
York,  &  all  the  manufacturing  towns  of 
the  W.  Riding,  for  the  export  of  manufs. 
of  which  it  is  the  great  outlet.  Customs 
revenue  (1846)  460,202Z.  Ship-building, 
&  its  auxiliary  manufs.,  are  extensively 
carried  on. — The  Hull  river,  England, 
CO.  York,  E.  Riding,  flows  S.,  &  after  a 
total  course  of  30  m.,  enters  the  Hum- 
ber. 

HuLME,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  Lancas- 
ter. P.  26,982. II.  (Levens),  a  town- 
ship.    P.  1,231. 

HuLPE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium, 
prov.  S.  Brabant.     P.  1,040. 

HuLST,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
prev.  Zeeland,  cap.  dist.,  on  an  affl.  of  the 
Scheldt.     P.  2,369. 

HuLTsoHiN,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sile- 
sia, reg.  Oppeln,  1.  b.  of  the  Oppa.  P. 
2,538. 

HuLwuD,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  in  the 
peninsula  Guzerat. 

Humber,  an  estuary  of  the  E.  coast  of 
Engl.,  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Ouse 
&  Trent  rivers. 

Hume,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
2,303. 

Hume  River,  S.E.  Australia,  flows 
N.W.  from  the  Australian  Alps. 

Humphreys,  N.W.  co.  Tenn.  Area, 
475  sq.m.    Cap.  Reynoldsville.    P.  6,422. 

Hump  Isle,  E.  Archip.,  is  in  the  Great 
bay,  N.  coast  of  Papua.  Lat.  1°  30'  N., 
Ion.  135°  30'  E. 


hun] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


383 


HuMPOLETZ,  a  town  of  Bohemia.  P. 
4,139. 

HuNDSRucK,  a  mntnous.  region  of 
Germany.  It  rises  in  some  places  to 
3,000  feet  above  the  sea,  &  is  mostly  coy- 
ered  with  woods. 

HiJNFELD,  a  town  of  Germany,  Hessen- 
Cassel,  prov.  Fulda.  P.  2,118. — Hungen 
is  a  town  of  H. -Darmstadt,  prov.  Upper- 
Hessen.     P.  1,033. 

HuNGA  RY,  a  country  of  Central  E  urope, 
bounded  N.  by  the  Carpathian  mountains, 
which  separate  it  from  Galicia,  E.  &  S. 
by  Moldavia  &  Wallachia,  S.  by  Turkey, 
S.W.  by  Dalmatia  &  the  Adriatic,  &  W. 
by  Illyria,  Styria,  Lower  Austria,  Mora- 
via, &  Austrian  Silesia.  Within  these 
limits  are  comprised — 1,  Hungary  proper, 
including  civil  Slavonia,  Croatia,  &  the 
Heyduke  districts. — 2,  Transylvania. — 
3,  the  military  frontier. — Divisions,  area, 
&  population,  as  follows: — Hungary 
proper,  87,990  sq.  m.  P.  10,500,000.— 
Transylvania,  23,434  sq.  m.  P.  2, 108,406. 
— Military  frontier,  15,173  sq.  m.  P. 
1,220,503.— Total  of  sq.  m.,  126,597 ;  of 
p.  13,828,908.  The  Carpathians  form  a 
natural  boundary  on  the  N.  of  Hungary. 
The  countries  of  Croatia  &  the  Littorale, 
in  the  S.W.  are  crossed  by  branches  of 
the  Dinarie  Alps.  These  different  moun- 
tains enclose  two  great  plains,  the 
smaller  of  which,  about  4,200  sq.  m.  in 
extent,  is  in  the  W.,  between  the  offsets 
of  the  Alps  &  Carpathians,  &  the  other 
in  the  E.,  with  an  area  of  about  21,000 
sq.  m.,  traversed  by  the  Danube  &  the 
Theiss.  This  region  is  so  flat  that  the 
rivers  have  a  very  sluggish  course,  &  a 
great  part  of  the  surface  is  covered  with 
marshes  &  sand  downs.  The  rivers  of 
Hungary  belong  to  the  basins  of  the 
Danube  &  the  Theiss.  Principal  river 
the  Danube,  which  enters  Hungary  on 
the  W.  at  Presburg,  flows  generally  E. 
270  m.  to  Waitzen,  then  S.  180  m.  to 
Vukovar,  &  again  E.  190  m.  to  Orsova, 
where  it  enters  Wallachia.  The  principal 
lakes  are  the  Platten  See,  Neusiedler 
See,  &  Lake  Palitz,  which  has  an  area 
of  126  sq.  m. ;  the  whole  extent  of  marsh 
is  reckoned  at  1,932  sq.  m.  The  largest 
canals  are  the  Franzens  canal,  between 
the  Danube  &  the  Theiss,  &  the  Bega 
canal,  in  the  Banat,  which  also  joins  the 
Danube.  Gold  is  most  abundant  in 
Transylvania,  &  silver  in  Hungary. 
Copper  is  abundant  ;  yearly  average 
about  34,452  centners.  Mineral  springs 
are  numerous,  &  many  of  them  celebrated 
for  their  medicinal  qualities.  Hungary 
is  generally  fertile  in    grain.    Next  to 


France,  Hungary  produces  the  greatest 
quantity  of  wine  of  any  country  ia 
Europe,  &  the  quality  of  several  of  its 
vintages,  especially  that  of  Tokay,  ia 
unrivalled.  Tobacco  is  an  important 
product.  The  chief  occupations  of  the 
pop.  are  agriculture,  cattle  rearing,  & 
mining.  Manufactures  are  unimportant. 
There  are  300  breweries.  The  best  beer 
is  made  at  Pesth.  Between  rich  pastoral 
countries  on  the  E.,  &  manufacturing 
dists.  on  the  W.,  Hungary  is  well  situated 
for  trade.  Its  only  sea  coast  is  a  slip  of 
123  m.  on  the  Adriatic,  at  its  S.W.  ex- 
tremity ;  but  it  has  numerous  large 
navigable  rivs.,  including  the  Danube, 
with  its  affls.  the  Theiss,  Drave,  &  Save. 
From  500  to  1,000  vessels,  trade  on  the 
Danube  from  Hungary  to  Vienna.  Hun- 
gary is  peopled  by  numerous  distinct 
races,  speaking  different  languages,  the 
chief  are  Hungarians  or  Magyars,  Sla- 
vonians, Germans,  &  Wallachians.  The 
Magyars  are  of  Asiatic  origin. 

Hungen,  a  town  of  H.  Darmstadt, 
prov.  Upp.  Hessen,  on  the  Horloff.  P. 
1,033. 

HuNGERFORD,  a  towu  of  England,  co. 
Wilts,  on  the  Kennet. 

Hungry  Hill,  a  mountain  of  Ireland, 
elev.  2,249  feet. 

HuNiNGUE,  a  comm.  &  small  frontier 
town  of  France,  dep.  H.  Rhin,  cap.  cant., 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Rhine.     P.  1,422. 

HuNNERWAssER,  a  mkt.  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, iq  the  N.,  circ.  Dunzlau.    P.  1,100. 

HtJNSE,  a  riv.  of  Netherlands,  provs. 
Drenthe  &  Groningen,  50  m.  long. 

Hunt,  county,  Texas.     P.  1,520. 

HuNTE,  a  river  of  N.W.  Germany, 
Hanover  &  Oldenburg.     L.  90  m. 

Hunter,  p-t.,  Greene  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
1,849. 

Hunter  (Islands),  a  group  in  Hun- 
ter channel,  connecting  the  E.  ocean  with 
Bass  strait,  between  S.  Australia  &  Tas- 
mania.—  (River),  E.  Australia,  New 
South  Wales.  [Port-Hunteh.J — Hun- 
ter's Island,  or  Onacusa,  an  island  of  the 
Pacific  ocean,  N.W.  of  the  Feejee  group. 

Hunterdon,  W.  co.  N.  J.  Cap.  Hun- 
tington.    P.  28,989. 

Huntersville,  p-v.,  cap.  Pocahontas 
CO.  Va.,  situated  1,800  ft.  above  the  At- 
lantic.    P.  130. 

Huntingdon,  S.W.  co.  Pa.  Area, 
1,276    sq.    m.      Cap.    Huntingdon.      P. 

24,786. II.  p-b.,  cap.  of  the  above  co., 

on  a  br.  of  the  Juniata.     P.  1,145. 

III.  t.,  Luzerne  co.  Pa.     P.  1,510. 

IV.  t.,  Adams  co.  Pa.    P.  1,481. V. 

p-v.,   cap.   Carroll  co.   Tenn. VI.   a 


384 


CVCLOP-^DIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[huy 


mkt.  town  of  England,  cap.  co.,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Ouse. 

Huntingdonshire,  a  small  inland  co. 
of  England,  S.  &  central  parts  gently 
varied ;  in  the  E.  &  N.E.  flat,  forming 
part  of  the  great  level  of  the  Fens,  & 
containing  3  meres,  or  lakes. 

Huntington,  N.E,  co.  la.  Area,  384 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Huntington.     P.  7,850. 

II.  t.,  Chittenden   co.  Vt.     P.  914. 

III.  t.,  Fairfield  co.  Conn.    P.  1.326. 

IV.  p-t.,  Suffolk  CO.  N.  Y.  It  extends 
across  L.  I.  in  its  widest  part.     P.  7,481. 

V.  t..  Brown  co.  0.     P.  2,362. 

VI.  t.,  Gallia  co.  0.     P.  971. VII.  t., 

Ross   CO.    0.     P.   1,161. VIII.  p-v., 

cap.  Huntington  co.  la. 

Huntington  Bay,  between  Eton's  & 
Lloyd's  neck,  L.  I.  sound. 

Huntly,  a  mkt.  town  of  Scotland,  co. 
Aberdeen. 

Huntsbuhg,  p-t.,  Geauga  co.  0.  P. 
9.11. 

Huntsville,  p-v.,  cap.  Madison  co. 
Ala.,  10  m.  N.  Tenn.  r.  It  has  an  ele- 
gant &  costly  court-house   &  bank. 

II.  p-v.,  cap.  Randolph  co.  Mo. III. 

p-v.,  cap.  Madison  co.  Ark. 

Huon,  a  river  of  Tasmania,  in  Van 
Diemen's  Land. — The  Huon  islands,  Pa- 
cific ocean,  are  a  group  N.W.  New  Cale- 
donia. 

HuRDA,  a  populous  fortified  town,  Hin- 
dostan,  Misore. 

HuRDSFiELD,  a  twnshp.  of  Engl.,  co. 
Chester.     P.  3,551. 

HuRDWAR,  a  town  &  famous  place  of 
pilgrimage  &  commerce,  N.  Hindostan, 
Brit,  dom.,  presid.  Bengal,  on  the  Ganges. 
The  town  is  small,  but  at  the  spring  equi- 
nox, the  largest  fair  in  India  is  held  here, 
attended  annually  by  from  200,000  to 
300,000  persons,  &  every  twelfth  year  by 
2,000,000  pilgrims  &  dealers. 

HuREEKEE,  a  vill.  of  the  Punjab,  on 
the  Sutleje,  just  below  the  influx  of  the 
Beas. 

HuRiEL,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  AUier,  cap.  cant.     P.  2,730. 

HuRiN,  a  town  of  Persia,  prov.  Irak- 
Ajemi,  dist.  Kermanshah. 

Hurley,  p-t.,  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
2,003. 

Huron  (Lake),  one  of  the  5  great 
lakes  of  N.  Amer.,  having  W.  the  U.  S. 
territory,  &  on  other  sides  Upper  Canada. 
Length  N.  to  S.  250  m.;  br.  110  m. ; 
depth  1,000  feet.  Area,  30,400  sq.  m. 
Elev.  aijove  the  sea,  584  feet.  Its  N. 
part,  divided  from  the  rest  by  a  peninsu- 
la, &  the  great  Manitoulin  island,  is 
called   the  Georgian  bay.     At  its  N.W. 


extremity  it  communicates  with  Lake 
Michigan,  &  also  receives  the  surplus 
-  waters  of  L.  Superior,  by  the  river  St. 
Mary  ;  at  its  S.  end  it  disposes  of  its  owa 
to   L.  Erie,  through  the  river  &  L.  St. 

Clair. II.  several  rivs.  of  N.  Amer. 

— 1.  between  Upper  Canada  &  the  state 
of  Michigan,  conveys  the  surplus  waters 
of  L.  Huron,  through  L.  St.  Clair,  into  L. 
Erie.  Total  length  about  90  m. — 2. 
Ohio,  enters  L.  Erie  at  Huron.   Length,  7 

m. III.  N.  CO.  0.     Area,  800  sq.  m. 

Cap.   Norwalk.     P.   26,203. IV.   co.,  , 

Mich.,  between  Lake  Huron  &  Saginaw 

bay.     P.  210. V.  p-t.,  Wayne  co.  N. 

Y.    P.  1,966. VI.  p-t.,  Erie  co.  0.    P. 

1,488.  The  v.  on  Lake  Erie  has  a  good 
harbor,  &  1,000  inhabs. 

HuRRiAL,  a  town  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid. Bengal. 

HuRRiANA,  an  extensive  dist.,  N.W. 
Hindostan,  Upper  provs.  Lat.  28°  40' 
N.,  Ion.  76°  E. 

Hurricane,  v..  Lincoln  co.  Mo.  P. 
1,795. 

HuRRiPAUL,  a  town,  or  large  collection 
of  hamlets,  British  India,  presid.  Bengal. 
HuRRYHUR,  a  frontier  town,  Mysore 
dom.,  Hindostan,  on  the  Toombuddra. 

HuRRUR,  a  town  of  E.  Africa,  in  lat.  9° 
37'  N.,  Ion.  41°  35'  E.  It  is  described  as 
larger  than  Mokha,  but  no  Christians  are 
admitted  into  it.  It  exports  cofiee  in 
great  quantity,  &  of  excellent  quality. 
The  only  seaport  of  the  district  of  Hurrur 
is  Zeyla,  a  mud-walled  town.  P.  750. 
HuscH,  a  town  of  Moldavia,  cap.  dist. 
Hus.sEiNPOOR,  a  town  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

HussiNETz,  a  mkt.  town  of  Bohemia, 
circ.  Prachin.  P.  1,173.  Birth-place  of 
John  Huss. 

HussiNGABAD,  a  town  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  on  the  Nerbuddah. 

HusuM,  a  seaport  town  of  Denmark, 
duchy  Schleswig,  cap.  amt.,  on  the  N. 
sea.     P,  4,000. 

HuszTH,  a  vill.  of  E.  Hungary,  circ. 
Marmaros.     P.  4,596. 

HuTTANY,  a  considerable  town  of  In- 
dia, dom.  Sattarah. 

HuTTENBERG,  a  mkt.  town  of  Illyria, 
Carinthia. — Huttenrode  is  a  vill.  of 
Brunswick,  S.W.  Blankenberg,  &  Hut- 
ten- Steinach,  a  vill.  of  Saxc-Meiningen. 

HuTTENHEiM,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  B.  Rhin.     P.  2,084. 

HuTTWYL,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Bern.     P.  3,092. 

HuY,  a  fortified  town  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Liege,  cap.  arrond.,  on  the  Mouse.  P. 
8,211. 


ice] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


385 


HuYssE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium, 
pro\'.  E.  Flanders.     P.  4,228. 

HUZAREH   &   ElMAUK   COUNTRV,   a 

mnlnous.  region  of  Atfghnnistan,  mostly 
between  lat.  31°  30'  &  37°  N.,  &  Ion.  62° 
&  63°  E.,  &  estimated  to  comprise  80,- 
000  sq.  m.,  with  a  pop.  of  from  300,000 
to  350,000.  Surface  whoU}'  mntnous.,  & 
in  some  parts  14,000  feet  in  elevation. 

HuzRAH,  a  commercial  town  of  the 
Punjab. 

IlvALOE,  an  isl.  of  Norway,  in  the 
Arctic  ocean.  L.  27  m. ;  br.  14  m. — 
Hvaloer  is  the  name  of  an  isl.  group  in 
the  Skager-rack. 

HvEN,  a  Danish  isl.,  in  the  sound,  8 
m.  S.-Elsinore. 

Hyde,  E.  co.  N.  C.      Area,  800  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Lake  Landing.     P.  7,636. II.  a 

twnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  Chester.  P.  10,- 
151. 

Hyde  Park,  t.,  cap.  Lamoille  co.  Vt. 

P.  1,003. II.  p-t.,  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  2,425. 

Hyderabad,  a  city  of  India,  cap.  of 
the  Nizam's  dom.  P.  200,000.  The 
city,  about  4  m.  in  length  by  3  m.  in 
breadth,  is  enclosed  by  a  stone  wall. 

Hyderabad,  a  town  &  fortress  of  Hin- 
dostan,  cap.  Scinde.     P.  20,000. 

Hydra,  an  isl.  of  Greece,  off  the  E. 
coast  of  the  Morea,  &  forming  with  the 
isl.  Poros  a  gov.  comprising  56  sq.  m.,  & 
about  23,000  inbiibitants.  Area  of  isl. 
38  sq.  m.  P.  20,000.  It  is  a  mere  bar- 
ren rock. —  Hydron  is  an  isl.  between 
Hydra  &  the  mainland. 

Hyeres,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Var,  cap.  cant.     P.  4,591. 

Hyeres  (Isles  op),  a  group  of  small 
isls.  of  France,  dep.  Var,  in  the  Medi- 
terranean. 

Hykulzie,  a  large  walled  vill.  of  Aff- 
ghanistan,  35  m.  N.  Shawl,  on  the  route 
to  Candahar. 

Hymettus  (Mount),  a  famous  mntn. 
of  Greece,  gov.  Attica.     Ht.  2,680  ft. 

Hythe,  a  town  of  Engl.,  &  one  of  its 
cinque  ports,  co.  Kent,  near  the  English 
channel.    P.  2,265. 


I. 


Iamboli,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Rumili. 

Iampol,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
cap.  circ,  on  the  Dniester.     P.  2,457. 

Ibague,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  New 
Granada,  70  m.  W.  Bogota.     P.  5,000.  (?) 

Ibarra,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  Ecuador, 

\n 


50  m.  N.N.E.  Quito.     It  is  well  built.    P. 

12,000. II.   a  vill.   of   the    Mexican 

confed.,  Xalisco,  45  m.  N.  Aguas-Calien- 

tes. III.  (/.  Zalgo),  a  town  of  Spain, 

prov.  Alava.     P.  796. 

iBBENBiJHBN,  a  towu  of  Prusslan  West- 
phalia.    P.  2,020. 

Iberia,  the  S.W.  portion  of  Europe, 
comprising  Spain  &  Portugal. 

Iberville,  outlet  of  the  Miss.  r. 

II.  pa.  La.  in  the  lower  part  of  the  state. 
Area,  350  sq.  m.  Cap.  Plaquemine.  P. 
12,214. 

Ibi,   a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Alicante. 
P.  2,988. 

Ibo,  one  of  the  Querimba  Isls.,  off  the 
E.  coast  of  Africa. 

Ibos,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of  France, 
dep.  11.  Pyrenees.     P.  1,999. 

Ibrah.  an  old  town  of  Arabia,  Oman, 
dom.  &■  60  m.  S.S.W.  Muscat. 

Ibrahim,  a  rivulet  of  Syria,  pash.  of 

Tripoli,   enters   the  Mediterranean. 

II.  a  river  of  Persia,  prov.  Kerman,  en- 
ters the  Persian  gulf  at  its  mouth.  L. 
75  m. 

Ibrim,    a  decayed  town  of  Nubia,  on 
the  Nile. 

Ibros  del  Eey,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Jaen.     P.  3,650. 

IcA,  a  town  of  N.  Peru,  dep.  &  168  m. 
S.S.E.  Lima,  cap.  prov.,  near  the  Pacific 

0.      P.  6,000.(7) II.   a  tributary  of 

the  Amazon. 

IcATU,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov.  Maran- 
hao,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Monim. 

Iceland,  an  isl.  under  Denmark,  in 
the  Atlantic  ocean,  700  m.  W.  Norway, 
&  about  200  m.  E.  Greenland,  between 
lat.  63°  24'  &  66°  33'  N.,  &  Ion.  13°  30' 
4  24°  30'  W.  Area,  with  adjacent  isles, 
37,800  sq.  m.  P.  57,100.  Surface 
mntnous.  The  central  portion  is  unin- 
habited &,  little  known.  Glaciers  cover  a 
surface  of  upwards  of  4,000  sq.  m.  There 
are  30  known  volcanoes  in  Iceland,  8  of 
which  have  been  active  within  a  century. 
During  the  eruption  of  Hecla  in  1846,  the 
ashes  reached  the  Orkney  Islands.  The 
isl.  also  contains  numerous  small  mud 
volcanoes  &  intermittent  thermal  springs, 
in  the  chief  of  which,  the  Great  Geyser. 
the  water,  at  a  depth  of  72  feet,  is  30° 
above  the  boiling  point.  No  grainof  any 
kind  can  be  raised  ;  but  cabbage  and  po- 
tatoes are  cultivated.  The  flora  of  Ice- 
land comprises  mosses  &  a  few  shrubs. 
The  most  important  domestic  animal  is 
the  sheep.  No  reptiles  of  any  kind  exist 
in  the  island.  There  are  no  manufs. ;  & 
the  only  commerce  consists  in  the  ex- 
change of  wool,  butter,  skins,  fish,  &  oil. 


'386 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHV. 


flK 


for  European  manufa.  The  island  is  di- 
vided into  3  amts.  or  counties.  The 
island  was  discovered  by  the  JTorthmen 
in  the  9th  century,  &  came  into  the  pos- 
session of  Denmark  in  1380.  The  Ice- 
landers belong  to  the  Scandinavian  race  ; 
their  religion  is  Lutheran  ;  there  are 
few  schools,  but  domestic,  education  is 
general,  and  the  people  are  intelligent. 
The  only  town  is  Reikiavik.  P.  900. 
There  are  upwards  of  20  trading  vills. 

IcHABOB,  an  isl.  off  the  S.W.  coast 
of  Africa,  Namaqua  country,  in  lat.  26° 
18'  S.,  Ion.  14°  58'  E.  It  is  f  m.  in  cir- 
cumference. It  abounds  with  sea-fowl, 
&  was  for  some  years  the  principal  source 
of  the  guano. 

IcHAwuH,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  dom. 
Bhopaul,  comprising  about  1,000  houses. 
IcHENHAusEN,  a  mkt.  town  of  Bavaria, 
cire.  Swabia,  on  the  Giinz.    P.  2,573. 

IcHTEHGHEM,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Bel- 
gium, prov.  W.  Flanders.     P.  5,659. 

Ico,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  Salgado. 
P.  7,000. 

Icon,  a  -town  on  the  W.  coast  of  the 

isl.  Teneriffe,  Canaries,  with  5,479inhabs. 

IcRicocK,  a  town  of  Guinea,  on  theW. 

bank  of  the   Old  Calabar  river,   30  m. 

from  its  mouth. 

Icy  Cape,  Prussian  America,  on  the 
Arctic  0. 

Ida  (Mount),  a  famous  mntn.  of  Asia- 
Minor,  Anatolia,  near  the  head  of  the 
gulf  of  Adramyti,  &  30  m.  S.B.  the  plain 

of  Troy. II.  the  principal  mntn.  of 

Crete. — Nagy-Ida  is  a  mkt.  town  of  N. 
Hungary,  co.  Aba-ujvar,  near  the  Her- 
nad.     P.  1,732. 

Idanha-nova,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
prov.  Beira.     P.  2,200. 

Iddah,  a  town  of  Guinea,  cap.  king- 
dom of  Eggarah,  on  the  B.  bank  of  the 
Quorra.     P.  8,000.  (?) 

Idinsk,  a  vill.  or  town  of  Siberia,  on 
the  Angara. 

Idle,  a  river  of  Engl.,  co.  Notting- 
ham. 

Idria,  a  mining  town  of  Illyria,  Car- 
niola,  circ.  Adelsberg,  in  an  Alpine  val- 
ley. P.  4,439.  The  latter  employs  up- 
wards of  600  workmen,  &  next  to  those 
of  Almaden  in  Spain,  it  is  the  richest  in 
Europe.  From  3,200  to  3,500  cwts.  of 
quicksilver  are  produced  annually. 

Idro  (Lake),  N.  Italy,  deleg.  Brescia. 
L.  7  m.  At  its  S.E.  extremity  is  the  v. 
Idro  Alto.     P.  1,800. 

Id  STEIN,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy 
Nassau.    P.  1,987. 

Ielsi,  a  town  of  S.  Italy,  Naples,  prov. 
Molise,  cap.  cant.     P.  2,200. 


Iesi,  a  walled  episcop.  town  of  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Esino.  P. 
9,000. 

If,  an  islet  off  the  coast  of  France, 
dep.  B.  du  Rhone,  opposite  Marseille. 

Iffendic,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ille-et-Vilaine.     P.  4,299. 

Iffesheim,  a  vill.  of  Germany,  Baden, 
circ.  Middle-Rhine.     P.  1,250. 

Iflani,  an  upland  region  of  Asia- 
Minor,  Anatolia,  S.B.  Amaserah,  with  a 
mean  elevation  of  2,500  feet. 

Igea,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the  Alhama, 
prov.  Legroiio.     P.  1,910. 

Igelheim,  a  vill.  of  Rhenish  Bavaria. 
P.  1,156. 

Igla,  or  Iglawa,  a  riv.  of  Moravia, 
joins  the  Schwartzawa.     L.  70  m. 

Iglau,  a  town  of  Moravia,  cap.  circ, 
on  the  Igla.     P.  14,000. 

Iglesias,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  near  the 
W.  coast  of  the  island.     P.  12,455. 

Iglo,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.  Hungary,  co. 
Zips,  on  the  Hernad.     P.  5,900. 

Igloolik,  a  small  island  of  British  N. 
America,  in  the  Fury  &  Hecla  strait. 

Ignace  (St.),  a  tnship.  of  Lower  Can- 
ada, dist.,  <fc  40  m.  N.N.W.  Quebec— 
St.  Ignacio  is  an  island  at  the  head  of 
the  gulf  of  Culifornia. 

Ignat,  &  Igny  (St.),  two  eomms.  & 
vills.  of  France,  the  former,  dep.  Puy-de- 
DOme.  P.  2,010 ;  the  latter,  dep.  Rhone. 
P.  2,835. 

Igeande,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  AUier.     P.  1,789. 

Iguacu,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov.  &  21 
m.  N.W.  Rio  de  Janerio.     P.  4,000. 

Iguacu,   a  river  of  Brazil.  L.  250  m. 

Igualada,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Barcelona,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Noya.  P.  10,- 
095. 

Igualeja,  a  mkt.  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Malaga.     P.  1,431. 

Iguape,  a  river  &  town  of  Brazil,  & 
prov.  San  Paulo.  L.  150  m.  The  town, 
on  its  S.  bank,  near  its  mouth,  has  a 
good  harbor,  &  exports  rice  &  timber. 
P.  with  dist.,  8,000. 

Iguakacu,  a  town  of  Brazil,  &  the 
earliest  founded  in  the  prov.  of  Pernam- 
bueo.     P.  5,000.  / 

Igumen,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Minsk,, 
cap.  circ,  on  the  Beresina.     P.  1,100. 

Ihna,  a  river  of  Prussia,  prov.  Po- 
merania.     L.  55  m. 

Ijighinsk,  a  fortified  town  of  E.  Sibe- 
ria, prov.  Okhotsk. — The  gulf  of  Ijig- 
hinsk is  an  arm  of  the  G.  of  Penjinsk. 

Ijma,  a  river  of  N.  Russia.  L.  190 
miles. 

Ik,  two  rivers  of  Russia,  gov.  Oren- 


ill] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


38T 


burg,  the  principal  of  which  joins  the  Ka- 
ma.    200  m.  long. 

Ikarma,  pne  of  the  Kurile  islands, 
Pacific  ocean. 

Ikazni,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Minsk.     P.  1,200. 

Ilanmoke,  an  isl.  of  the  Hebrides, 
Scotland. 

Ilanroan,  &  Ilanterach,  two  small 
islands,  Hebrides,  Scotland. 

Ilchestee,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl.,  co. 
Somerset. 

Ildefonso    (San),    a  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Segovia,  &  40  m.  N.N.W.  Madrid. 
P.  3,879. II.  a  group  of  islets,  S.  At- 
lantic,  80  m.  W.  Cape  Horn. —  Gape  St. 
Ildefonso  is  a  headland  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Luzon,  Philippine   Isls.,  lat.    15°  15'  N., 
Ion.  121°  56'  E. 
Ile  DE  Prance,  an  old  prov.  of  France. 
Ile,  Aux-Moines,  an  island  off  the  N. 
coast  of  Brittany. — d'  Yew,  a  small  forti- 
fied island,  dep.  Vendee,  in  the  Atlantic, 
10  m.  from  the  coast. — Des  Roches,  one 
of  the  Seychelles  islands,  Indian  ocean. 
Iles  d'Institut,  a  group  of  isls.  off 
the  N.W.  coast  of  Australia. 

Ilekskoi-GtOrodek,  a  fortified  town 
of  Russia,  at  the  confl.  of  the  Ilek  &  Ural 
rivers. — Ilkskoi  Sastschita  is  a  contig. 
fort  also  on  the  Ilek. 

Ilfsacombe,  a  seaport  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Devon,  on  its  N.  coast. 

Ilghun,  a  large  &  wretched  vill.  of 
Asia-Minor,  pasch.  Karamania. 

Ilha  do  Governador,  an  island  of 
Brazil,  prov.  Rio  de  Janerio,  in  its  bay, 
7  m.  N.  Rio.     L.  6  m. ;  b.  J  m. 

Ilha- Grande,  an  isl.  of  Brazil,  in  the 
bayofAngra.     L.  15  m.    P.  2,000. 

Ilhavo,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov.  Bei- 
ra,  near  the  Atlantic.  •  P.  4,000. 

Ilheos  (San  Jorge  dos),  a  maritime 
town  of  Brazil,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Rio 
dos  Ilheos.    L.  130  m.     P.  300. 

Ilidjah,  two  vills.  of  Asiatic  Turkey. 

^I.  (Elegia),  pash.  Erzeroum,  &  near 

which  Pompey  defeated  Mithridates. 

II.  pash.  Diarbekir,  on  the  Euphrates. 

Ili,  Kuldsha,  a  city  of  Chinese  Tur- 
kestan, on  the  Ili.     P.  40,000.('?) 

Ilim,  a  river  of  Siberia,  gov.  Irkutsk, 
tributary  to  the  Angara.  Total  course, 
180  m. 

Ilinca,  a  mountain  of  S.  America,  in 
the  Andes,  Ecuador,  with  3  peaks.  Elev. 
17,200  ft. 

Iliseh,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
pash.  Diarbekir,  with  750  Mohammedan, 
&  upwards  of  200  Armenian  families. 

Ilissus,  a  rivulet  of  Greece,  Attica, 
10  m.  long. 


Ilkeston,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl.,  co. 
Derby.     P.  5,326. 

Ilkley,  a  township  of  Engl.,  co.  York, 
W.  Riding,  on  the  Wharfe.  P.  1,174. 
Ill,  a  river  of  France.     L.  100  m. 
Illanon,  a  bay  of  the  Asiatic  archi- 
pelago, forming  a  wide  inlet  of  the  Ce- 
lebes sea.     L.  70  m. 

Illats,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Gironde.     P.  1,630. 

Illau,  a  market  town  of  N.  Hungary, 
CO.  Trentsehin,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Waag.  P. 
1,223. 

Ille.  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
E.  Pyrenees,  on  the  Tet.     P.  2,998. 

Ille,  a  river  of  France,  dep.  Illo-et- 
Vilaine. 

Ille-et-Vilaine,  a  mantime  dep.  in 
the  N.W.  of  France,  cap.  Rennes.      It  is 
situated  on  the  English  channel.      Area, 
2,641  sq.  m.     P.  574,618.     Surface  flat, 
covered  on  the  N.  with  forests,  dunes,  & 
marshes. 
Iller,  a  river  of  S.  Germany.  L.  85  m. 
Illeray,  one  of  the  Hebrides,  Scot!., 
CO.  Inverness.     L.  4  m. ;  b.  1§  m.     P.  80. 
Illertissen,  a  market  town  of  Bava- 
ria,   circ.  Swabia,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Iller. 
P.  1,145. 

Illescas,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  To- 
ledo.    P.  2,000. 

Illide  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  •  of 
France,  dep.-Cantal.     P.  1,880. 

Illiers,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Eure-st-Loir,  cap.  cant.,  on  the 
Loir.     P.  2,252. 

Illimani,  one  of  the  loftiest  moun- 
tains of  the  Bolivian  Andes,  in  the  E. 
Cordillera,  30  m.  S.E.  La  Paz.  Lat.  16° 
40'  S.,  Ion.  67°  48'  W.  It  is  a  serrated 
ridge  with  4  principal  peaks,  the  loftiest 
estimated  to  be  24,200  feet  in  height. 
On  it  is  the  lake  of  Illimani,  15,950  feet 
above  the  sea. 

Illingen,  two  vills.  of  S.Germany 

I.  Wlirtemberg,  circ.  Neckar.     P.  1,400. 

II.  Baden. 

Illinois,  one.  of  the  W.  U.  S.,  between 
lat.  37°  &  42°  30'  N".,  &  Ion.  87°  30'  & 
91°  25'  W.,  having  E.  Lake  Michigan  & 
Indiana,  &  on  other  sides  Kentucky, 
Missouri,  Iowa,  &  Wisconsin.  Area,  50.- 
000  sq.  m.  P.  in  1840,  476,183 ;  in  1850, 
851,469.  Surface  in  its  centre  level,  & 
consisting  of  wide  prairies ;  in  the  N.  & 
S.  hilly  &  densely  wooded.  The  Missis- 
sippi forms  all  its  W.,  &  the  Ohio  &  Wa-  ■ 
bash  rivers,  most  part  of  its  S.  &  E.  fron- 
tiers ;  the  Illinois,  Rock  &  Kaskaskia 
rivers  traverse  it  from  N.E.  to  S.W. 
Climate  healthy,  except  in  low  wet  lo- 
calities.    Soil  very  fertile,  &  in  this'state 


388 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[imp 


is  continually  attracting  emigrants.  Im- 
mense quantities  of  grains  are  raised, 
besides  potatoes,  hops,  iiemp,  flax,  tobac- 
co, &  some  cot-ton,  silk,  &  sugar.  Hogs 
&  poultry  are  very  numerous.  In  the 
N.W.  is  a  tract  of  200  sq.  m.,  supposed 
to  be  the  most  productive  in  lead  on  the 
globe ;  coal,  iron,  copper,  &  salt  are 
other  mineral  products.  Manufs.  prin- 
cipally domestic,  or  connected  with  its 
metallic  products.  There  is  now  a  free 
Banking  Law  in  this  state  under  which 
12  banks  have  gone  into  operation.  State 
debt  $16,627,509  91.  Illinois  has  271  m. 
railroads  in  operation,  &  1,606  in  course 
of  construction.  Cost  $5,100,000.  There 
are  4  colleges  in  the  state,  Illinois  is 
divided  into  99  cos.,  &  has  11  Rep.  in 
Cong.  Princip.  towns,  Springfield,  the 
cap.,  Chicago,  Alton  &  Galena.  Consti- 
tution form^ed  1847;  governor  &  lieuten- 
ant governor  elected  for  4  years,  25  sen- 
ators for  4  years,  75  representatives  for 
2  years.  In  1720  some  French  Cana- 
dians settled  in  this  region,  but  nearly 
all  the  settlements  have  taken  place 
since  1800.     Admitted  into  the  Union  in 

1818. II.  riv..   111.,  br.  of  the  Miss. 

400  m.  long. III.  riv.,  Ind.  terr.,  br. 

of  the   Ark. IV.  t.,  Washington  co. 

Ark.     P.  519. 

Illisera,  a  small  town  of  Asia-Minor, 
pash.  Karamania. 

Illkirch,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Khin,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  111.  P. 
2,969. 

Illnau,  a  Till,  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Zurich,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Kempt.     P.  2,766. 

Illok,  a  town  of  Slavonia,  co.  Syrmia. 
P.  3,550. 

Illora,  a  town  of  Spain,  ptov.  Gra- 
nada, on  the  Charcon.     P.  6,900. 

Illueca,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Zara- 
goza.     P.  2,559. 

Tlluxt,  a  market  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Courland.     P.  1,900. 

IllyefalVa,  a  market  town  of  Tran- 
sylvania, on  the  Aluta.  ■  P.  1,417. 

Illyria  (Kingdom  of),  a  prov.  of 
Austria,  forming  the  S.E.  corner  of  the 
German  empire,  bounded  E.  &  N.E.  by 
Styria,  S:E.  by  Hung.-Croatia,  S.  &  W. 
by  the  Adriatic  &  Italy,  &  N.  by  Austria, 
Tyrol,  &  Styria.  Area,  including  the 
islands  of  the  gulf  of  Quarnero,  10,850 
sq.  m.  P.  1,252,831.  Surface  entirely 
mountainous.  Chief  rivers,  Drave,  Save 
&  Isonzo.  Mineral  riches  comprise  gold, 
silver,  mercury,  lead,  copper,  &  iron. 
Mining  is  a  chief  object  of  industry.  The 
commerce  of  Illyria  is  concentrated  at 
the   free  port  of  Trieste.     The    greater 


part  of  the  pop.  belong  to  the  Slavonic 
race. 

Ilm,    two    rivers   of    Germany. 1. 

Saxony.     L.  55  m. II.  Bavaria,  br. 

of  the  Danube. 

Ilm,  a  town  of  Germany,  on  the  Ilm. 
P.  2,000. 

Ilmen,  a  lake  of  Russia,  30  m.  in 
length,  E.  to  Vf.,  by  24  m.  in  greatest 
breadth. 

Ilmenait,  a  town  of  Central  Germany, 
duchy   Saxe-Weimar,   on   the   Ilm.      P. 

2,364. II.  a  small  river  of  Hanover, 

tributary  to  the  Elbe.     L.  60  m. 

Ilminster,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl.,  co. 
Somerset,  on  the  He.     P.  of  town  3,187. 

Ilovlinskaia,  a  market  town  of  Rus- 
sia, Don-Cossack  country,  on  the  Ilovla. 
P.  3,948. 

Ilpize  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Loire,  on  the  Allier.     P.  2,487. 

Ilsenberg,  a  mkt.  town  of  Prussian. 
Saxony,  reg.  Magdeburg.     P.  2,112. 

Ilsfeld,  a  vill.  of  S.  Germany,  Wiir- 
temberg,  circ.  Neckar.     P.  2,000. 

Ilvesheim,  a  vill.  of  Baden,  circ. 
Lower  Rhine,  on  the  Neckar.     P.  1,081-. 

Ilvloa,  a  riv.  of  S.  Russia,  gov.  Sara- 
tov &  Don  Cossack  country.     L.  150  m. 

Ilz,  a  small  riv.  of  Lower  Bavaria. 

Ilza,  a  town  of  Poland,  prov.  S.  San- 
domir,  on  the  Ilza.     P.  2,000. 

Imam-Dour,  a  large  vill.  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  70  m.  N.W.'  Bagdad,  on  the 
Tigris. 

Imandra,  a  lake  of  Russia,  gov.  Arch- 
angel.    L.  60  m. 

Imbros,  an  island  of  the  Grecian  archi- 
pelago, but  belonging  to  Turkey,  off  the 
E.  entrance  of  the  Hellespont.  L.  19 
m.,  br.  10  m.     P.  4,000. 

Imeretia,  a  pfov.  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
Transcaucasia,  having  N.  the  Caucasus 
mountains,  &  B.  Georgia.  Surface 
mountainous,  well  wooded,  &  wholly 
comprised  in  the  basin  of  the  Rhion, 
The  slave  trade,  formerly  considerable, 
has  mostly  ceased  since  the  Russian  oc- 
cupation of  the  country,  which  dates 
from  1804. 

Imier  (St.),  a  vill.  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Bern.     P.  1,372. 

Immenhausen,  a  town  of  Germany, 
H.-Cassel.     P.  1,569. 

Immenstadt,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ. 
Swabia.     P.  1,200. 

Imola,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.,  on  the  Santerno.     P.  9,800. 

Imperial,  a  town  of  Chile,  Araucania, 
on  the  Cauten. 

Imphan  Tooral,  the  principal  river 
of  Cassay,  Further  India.     L.  200  m. 


inb] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


389 


Imphy,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Nievre,  on  an  affl.  of  the  Loire.  P.  1,489. 

Imst,  a  mkt.  of  the  Tyrol,  cap.  circ. 
Upper  Innttaal  on  the  Inn.     P.  2,194. 

Inaccessible  Island,  the  most  W.  of 
the  Tristan  Da  Cunha  group,  Atlantic. 
Lat.  37°6'S. 

Inada,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Rumili,  on  the  Black  sea. 

Inagua  (Great  &  Little),  two  of  the 
Bahama  islands ;  the  former,  the  largest 
&  most  southerly  of  the  group,  50  m.  in 
length,  &  25  m.  in  greatest  breadth. — The 
Little  Inagua,  12  mt  N.-ward  is  about  8 
m.  in  length,  by  6  m.  across. 

Inca,  a  town  of  the  isl.  Majorca.  P. 
3,300. 

Inch-Brayock,  or  Kossie  Island,  a 
low  flat  island  in  the  channel  of  the  S. 
Esk,  Scotland.     P.  152. 

Inchcolm,  an  island  of  Scotland,  co. 
Fife. 

Inch  G-aevie,  a  rocky  islet  of  Scot- 
land, in  the  firth  of  Forth. 

Inchiciuin,  ^barony  &  island  of  Ire- 
land, Munster,  co.  Clare. 

Irchkeiith,  a  small  rocky  island  of 
Scotland,  in  the  firth  of  Forth. 

Inch-Kenneth,  an  island  of  the  He- 
brides, off  the  W.  coast  of  Mull. 

Inch-Marnoch,  &  Inch-Murrin,  two 
islets  of  Scotland. 

Inchy-Beaumont,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Nord.     P.  1,580. 

Incisa,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  on  the 
Belbo.    P.  2,000. 

Indals-Elf,  a  river,  Sweden.    L.  60  m. 

Indented  Head,  a  penins.,  Australia, 
Victoria,  bounding  the  entrance  to  Port 
Phillip  on  its  W.  side. 

Independence,  N.E.  co.  Ark.  Area, 
1,025  sq.  m.     Cap.  Batesville.     P.  7,767. 

II.    p-t.,    Alleghany  co.   N.  Y.     P. 

1,710. III.  t.,  Warren  co.  N.  J.     P. 

2,284. IV.  p-v.,  cap.  Kenton  co.  Ky. 

V.  t.,  Macon  co.  Mo.    P.  545. VI. 

p-v.,  cap.  Jackson  co.  Mo.  This  is  the 
place  of  departure  for  the  Santa  Fe  tra- 
■  ders.    P.  300. 

Inderabia,  an  isl.  in  the  Persian  gulf, 
off  the  S.  coast  of  Persia.    L.  4  m. 

Indebghur,  sevl.  towns  of  India. 

I.  dom.  Jeypoor. II.  Gwalior  dom. — 

Inderhall  is  a  town,  Nizam's  dom. 

Inderkush,  a  vill.  of  N.  Persia,  prov. 
Azerbijan,  S.  of  Lake  Urumyiah. 

India  (British),  comprehends  the 
greater  part  of  the  peninsula  described 
under  Hindostan.  The  whole  of  this 
region,  from  the  Indus  to  the  frontiars  of 
Burmah,  with  the  exception  of  JSTepaul 
&  Bootan,  is  under  British  superintend- 


ence, &  the  greater  part  is  actually  in 
possession  of  the  British  government. 
The  British  territory  is  clivided  into  ihe 
presidencies  of  Bengal,  Madras,  &  Bom- 
bay, the  N.W.  provinces  (under  Bengal), 
&  the  Punjab,  all  of  which  are  described 
in  separate  articles.  Under  British 
India  also  are  included,  the  island  of 
Ceylon,  Malacca,  Singapore,  &  Labuan 
(Borneo). 

British  Possessions.  Sg.  Miles.  Pop. 

Bengal  Presidency,  220,000  47.000,000 

North- West  Provinces,  100,000  20,000,000 

Punjab  Provinces,  135,000  4,000,000 

Madras  Presidency,  140,000  14,000.000 

Bombay  Presidency,  70,000  7,500,000 

Bciniie,  60,000  1,000,000 


Total, 


Dependent  States. 


93,500,000 


Sq^  Miles.       Pop. 
479,500    47,000,000 


Independent  States. 


Nepaul, 
Bootan, 


Total, 


Sg.  Miles.        Pop. 
45,000      1,500,000 
25,000         500,000 

2,000,000 


Total  pop.  of  Indian  Peninsula,   142,500,000 

In  1428,  India  was  first  visited  by 
Vasco  de  Gama,  &  subsequently  the  Por- 
tuguese &  the  Dutch  established  settle- 
ments on  the  peninsula.  In  1625,  the 
first  English  settlement  was  made  by  a 
company  of  merchants,  in  a  small  spot 
of  the  Coromandel  coast  of  5  sq.  m.,  trans- 
ferred in  1653  to  Madras.  The  governor- 
general,  assisted  by  a  council  of  five 
members,  has  the  power  of  making  laws 
for  the  whole  of  British  India,  subject  to 
the  approval  of  the  home  government,  & 
he  has  the  sole  direction  of  the  army, 
which  is  under  the  command  of  a  com- 
mander-in-chief. The  revenue  is  derived 
almost  entirely  from  a  land-tax.  The 
annual  revenue  of  British  India  is  about 
15,000,000Z.,  &  the  total  revenue  of  the 
whole  of  India  does  not  probably  exceed 
20,000,000^. 

Indiana,  one  of  the  western  U.  States, 
is  bounded  N.  by  lake  &  state  Michigan, 
^Y.  Illinois,  E.  Ohio,  &  S.  the  Ohio  river, 
separating  it  from  Kentucky.  Area, 
36,000  sq.  m.  It  is  between  37°  45'  &  41° 
52'  N.  lat.,  &  between  84°  42'  &  87°  49' 
^V.  Ion.  p.  in  1340,  685,866;  in  1850, 
988,416.  Surface  level  or  undulating. 
Rivers  nearly  o,ll  tributaries  of  the  Wa- 
bash, v.-hich  forms  its  W.  frontier.    Soil 


390 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


IJIND 


on  rivers  very  fertile;  in  other  parts 
light,  &  N.  sandy  hills.  Principal  pro- 
ducts, maize,  wheat,  oats,  potatoes,  wool, 
butter,  cheese,  &  tobacco.  Indiana  has 
538  miles  of  railroad  in  operation,  &  1,117 
in  course  of  construction.  State  debt, 
$6,775,522  50.  Total  revenue  in  1850, 
$1,861,383  97;  expenditures,  same  year, 
$1,514,534  04.  The  state  is  divided  into 
91  counties,  &  has  12  representatives  in 
Congress.  It  hsjs  4  colleges.  Principal 
towns,  Indianapolis,  the  cap.,  Madison, 
New  Albany,  &  Terre  Haute.  The  con- 
stitution of  this  state  went  into  operation 
in  1851.  Governor  &  lieutenant  gove/nor 
hold  office  for  4  years.  Senators  must 
not  exceed  50,  nor  representatives  100  in 
number.  Indiana  was  admitted  into  the 
Union  in  1816. — —II.  W.  co.  Pa.     Area, 

770  sq.m.   Cap.  Indiana.    P.  27,170. 

III.  p-b.,  cap.  the  above  co.  155  m.  from 

Harrisburg. lY.  t.,  Alleghany  co.  Pa. 

P.  2,697. 

Indianapolis,  t.,  cap.  state  Indiana, 
on  White  river,  a  navigable  ai!l.  of  the 
"Wabash,  crossed  by  a  large  bridge,  158 
m.  W.S.W.  Columbus.  It  is  regularly 
laid  out,  &  in  its  centre  is  a  large  square 
area,  from  which  4  streets  diverge,  &  in 
which  is  the  governor's  residence,  on  an 
elevate(i  site.  The  state  house  is  on  the 
model  of  the  Parthenon  at  Athens.  P. 
8,090. 

Indian  Key,  an  isl.,  Florida,  off  its  S. 
coast,  75  m.  S."W.  Cape  Florida,  &  now 
resorted  to  as  a  watering  place  by  visi- 
tors from  the  more  N.  states. . 

Indian  Lake,  Hamilton  co.  N.  Y.,  is 
4  m.  long,  &  1  m.  wide. 

Indian  Ocean,  a  vast  oceanic  basin, 
separated  from  the  Pacific  on  the  B.  by 
the  Asiatic  archipelago  &  Australia, 
bounded  on  S.  by  a  line  drawn  from  the 
cape  of  Good  Hope  to  Bass'  strait,  divided 
from  the  Atlantic  by  Africa  on  the  W., 
&  enclosed  by  the  countries  of  Asia  on 
the  N.  It  communicates  with  the  China 
sea  by  the  strait  of  Malacca,  Sunda  strait, 
&  the  strait  of  Flores.  The  monsoons, 
or  periodical  winds,  prevail  in  the  N. 
part  of  the  ocean,  blowing  from  the  S.W. 
between  April  &  October,  &  S.E.  from 
October  to  April.  Tempests  are  general 
at  the  periods  of  change  ;  &  between  lat. 
5°  &  40°  S.  violent  hurricanes  frequently 
occur. 

Indian,  riv.,  N.  Y.,  enters  Black  Lake. 

II..  riv.,  Fla.,  in  a  vast  lagoon.     L. 

100  m. — —III.  riv.,  N.  H.,  a  head  branch 
of  the  Conn. 

Indian  Kiver,  hund.,  Sussex  co.  Del. 
P.  1,755. 


Indian  Springs,  p-v.,  Butts  co,  Ga. 
A  fashionable  watering  place. 

Indian  Tehthitoev,  is  situated  W.  of 
Mo.  &  Ark.,  &  S.  of  Platte  river.  It  is 
600  m.  long,  &  from  300  to  600  broad. 
Area  of  habitable  distl,  120,000  sq.  m. 
The  climate  is  healthy.  The  principal 
tribes  that  have  been  removed  here  from 
E.  of  the  Mississippi  are  the  Choctaws, 
Chickasaws,  Creeks,  Seminoles,  &  Shaw- 
nees.  Total  number  of  Indians  removed 
to  this  territory,  or  whose  removal  is 
being  effected,  113,426. 

Indies  (East),  a  collective  name  given 
to  the  peninsulas  of  Hither  &  Fur.  India, 
&  the  Asiatic  archipelago. 

Indighirka,  a  river,  B.  Siberia,  gov. 
Yakutsk.     L.  750  m. 

Indio,  a  river  of  the  isthmus  Panama, 
New  Granada. 

Indje-Kara-Su,  a  river  of  European 
Turkey,  Macedonia.     L.  110  m. 

Indjighiz,  a  town  of  Europ.  Turkey, 
Rumili,  33  m.  "W.N.W.  Constantinople. 

Indjih  (Cape),  the  most  N.  point  of 
Asia-Minor. 

Indore  Dominion,  a  state  of  Central 
Hindostan.  Area,  nearly  4,250  sq.  in. 
P.  3,000  men. — Indore,  the  cap.,  is  situ- 
ated on  a  wooded  tablo-land.  Elevation 
nearly  2,000  feet. 

Indhaghiri,  a  navigable  river  of  Su- 
matra. 

Indramayo,  a  cape,  river,  &  town  of  , 
Java. 

Indrapuea,  a  point,  river,  town,  state, 
&  volcano  of  Sumatra. 

Indre,  a  river  of  France.     L.  115  m. 
Indre,  a  dep.  of  N.W.  France.     Area, 
2,749  sq.  m.     Surface    uniformly   level. 
P.  271,838.     This  dep.  furnishes  the  best 
lithographic  stones  in  France. 

Indre-et-Loire,  a  dep.  in  the  N.W. 
of  France.  Area,  2,400  sq.  m.   P.  315,641. 
Indret,   a  small  isl.  of  France,  dep. 
Loire  Inf.,  formed  by  the  Loire. 

Indus,  one  of  the  great  rivs.  of  S. 
Asia,  forming  the  W.  boundary  of  Hin- 
dostan. L.  1,560.  Its  source  is  supposed 
to  be  18.000  feet  above  the  sea,  its  bed 
at  Leh,  10,000  feet,  &  at  Attock,  940  m. 
from  its  mouth,  it  is  1,000  feet  above  the 
ocean  level,  800  feet  across,  60  feet  in 
depth,  &  has  a  current  of  6  m.  an  hour. 
Mean  ann.  discharge  of  water  supposed 
to  be  150,212,079,642  tons.  The  Indus 
is  navigable  from  the  sea  as  high  as  the 
influx  of  the  Cabool  river,  near  Attock, 
at  942  m.  from  the  sea,  &  its  tributaries 
are  mostly  so  to  the  foot  mntns.,  about 
700  m. ;  but  the  channel  is  encumbered 
by  shifting  banks. 


INV] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


391 


Industry,  t.,  Franklin  co.  Me.  P. 
1,036. 

Ineboli,  a  marit.  town  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia,  on  the  Black  sea.     P.  3,000. 

Ines  (Santa),  an  isl.  in  the  N.  part 
of  the  gulf  of  California.  Lat.  27°  23'  N., 
Ion.  111°  40' W. 

Inficionado,  a  vill.  of  Brazil,  prov. 
Miuas-Geraes.     P.  4,500. 

Ingelfingen,  a  town  of  "Wiirtemberg, 
circ.  Jaxt,  on  the  Kocher.     P.  1,500. 

Ingelheim  (Lower  &  Upper),  two 
contiguous  mkt.  towns  of  Germany,  H.- 
Darmstadt, prov.  Rhenish  Hessen,  on  the 
Selz.  P.  of  former,  2,000 ;  of  latter, 
?,212. 

Ingelmunster,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
Belgium,  prov.  W.  Flanders,  cap.  cant. 
P.  5,965. 

Ingenoe,  an  isl.  of  Norway,  prov. 
Finmark,  in  the  Arctic  ocean. 

Ingbesheim,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Rhin.     P.  2,268. 

Ingham,  S.  co.  Mich.  Area,  560  sq.  m. 
Cap.  Vevay.     P.  8,631. 

Ingleton,  a  vUl.  of  England,  co.  York, 
W.  Riding. 

Ingoda,  a  riv.  of  Siberia,  gov.  Irkutsk. 
L.  300  m. 

Ingolstadt,  a  fortified  town  of  Upper 
Bavaria.     P.  9,189. 

Ingouville,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Seine  Inf.,  cap.  cant.  P. 
12,060.    ' 

Ingoyhem,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium, 
prov.  W.  Flanders.     P.  2,205. 

Ingrandb,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Maine-et-Loire,  on  the  Loire.  P. 
1,500. 

Ingre,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Loiret.     P.  2,905. 

Ingria,  an  old  prov.  of  Russia. 
Ingrowitz,  a  mkt.  town  of  Moravia, 
circ.   &  32  m.  N.E.  Iglau,  with  1,390 
inhab. 

Inguiniel,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dop.  Morbihan.     P.  2,204. 

Ingul,  &  Inguletz,  two  rivers  of 
Russia,  gov.  Kherson,  the  former  150  m. 
long,  the  latter  220  m.  1. 

Ingwiller,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Rhin,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Moder.  P. 
2,207. 

Inhamban,  a  marit.  town  of  B.  Africa. 
It  has  a  harbor.  Trade  mostly  in  ivory 
&  bees'  wax. — ^he  Inhamban  river  has 
a  S.E.  course  of  150  m. 

Inhambupe,  a  mkt.  town  of  Brazil, 
prov.  Bahia.  on  the  river  Inhambupe. 
P.  of  dist.  3,000. 

Injeh-su,  a  town  of  Asia- Minor,  pash. 
Karamania,  in  a  ravine.     It  has  about 


750  Greek,  &  the  same  number  of  Mo- 
hammedan residences. 

Injeram,  a  town  of  British  India. 

Inkerman,  a  vill.  &  seaport  of  S. 
Russia,  in  the  Crimea. 

Inn,  a  river  of  Central  Europe,  &  one 
of  the  principal  afiBs.  of  the  Danube.  L. 
250  m. 

Innacgnda,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras. 

Innisbeg,  numerous  small  isls.  belong- 
ing to  Ireland,  near  Dunmore  head  & 
other  headlands. 

Inniscattery,  an  isl.  in  the  estuary 
of  the  Shannon,  Ireland,  Munster. 

Innishannon,  a  decayed  inland  town 
of  Ireland,  Munster,  co.  Cork. 

Innisheee,  an  isl.  of  Irel.,  Connaught, 
CO.  Galway.  P.  456. —  Innisherkin,  or 
Sherkin,  is  an  isl.  at  the  entrance  of  Bal- 
timore bay,  Munster,  co.  Cork.    P.  1,026. 

Inniskea,  two  isls.  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Ireland,  Connaught,  co.  Mayo. 

Innisturk  Island,  off  the  "W.  coast 
of  Ireland,  CO.  Mayo.     P.  500. 

InnsbrOck,  or  Innsprijck,  the  cap. 
city  of  the  Tyrol,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Sill,  into  the  Inn,  84  m.  N.N.B.  Trent. 
P.  12,800.  It  consists  of  an  old  &  new 
town,  &  5  suburbs,  the  latter  better  built 
&  more  extensive  than  the  city-proper. 
A  statue  of  Joseph  II.,  &  a  triumphal 
arch  raised  by  Maria  Theresa,  are  among 
the  most  conspicuous  ornaments  of  the 
city. 

Inny,  a  river  of  Ireland,  Leinster. 

Innycotta,  a  large  commercial  town 
of  Central  India,  dom.  Nagpoor. 

In-oghi,  a  large  vill.  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia. 

Inowraclaw,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov. 
Posen.     P.  5,660. 

Insara,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Penza, 
on  the  Issa.     P.  4,730. 

Inskip,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
Lancaster.     P.  735. 

Insterburg,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia, 
cap.  circ,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Ange- 
rap  &  Inster.     P.  9,700. 

Interlachen,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Bern,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Aav. 

Intra,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  div. 
Novara,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Lago 
Maggiore.     P.  3,743. 

Inverary,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland, 
cap.  CO.  Argyle,  on  a  bay  on  the  W.  shore 
of  Loch  Fyne. 

Invekbury,  a  bor.,  co.  Aberdeen, 
Scotland. 

Invergowrie,  a  vill.  of  Scotland,  co. 
i'orfar,  on  the  firth  of  Tay. 

Inverkeithing,   a  seaport  town   of 


392 


CYCL0P.«:DIA  of  GEOGRAPHr. 


[iQU 


Scotland,  co.  Fife,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the 
firth  of  Forth. 

Inverness,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland, 
cap.  of  CO.,  &  of  the  N.  Highlands ;  on 
both  sides  of  the  Ness. 

Inverness-shire,  a  large  maritime 
&  Highland  co.  of  Scotland,  extending 
acro.?3  the  island  from  sea  to  sea.  Area, 
4,186  sq.  m.  P.  96,328.  Surfece  moun- 
tainous, rugged,  &  ivell  vrooded.  Lakes 
numerous.     Soil  mostly  light. 

Investigator  Islands,  a  group  off 
the  S.  coast  of  Australia,  comprising 
Flinders  island  &  several  islets. — Inves- 
tigator strait,  S.  Australia,  between  Kan- 
garoo island  &  York  peninsula,  about  25 
m.  across,  conneets  Spencer  gulf  with  the 
Indian  ocean. 

Inzinzac,  a  eomm.  &  Till,  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan.     P.  2,400. 

Tola,  p-v.,  Calhoun  co.  Mich.  Con- 
ceeted  with  St.  Josephs  by  r.  r. 

loNA,  IcoLMKiLL,  a  Small  but  famous 
island  of  the  Hebrides,  Scotl.,  co.  Argyle. 
P.  1,084.  Surfoce  rocky;  much  less  than 
half  of  it  being  arable,  and  it  has  only 
one  miserable  vill.  In  the  middle  ages, 
it  was  highly  celebrated  as  the  seat  of  an 
abbey,  founded  by  St.  Columb,  a  native 
of  Ireland,  in  the  6th  century,  &  which 
long  remained  the  chief  seat  of  learning 
in  the  north,  &  the  centre  of  missionary 
enterprise  undertaken  by  the  Culdees. 

Ionian  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Medi- 
terranean, off  the  W.  coast  of  Greece  & 
Enirus,  forming  arepublic  between  lat. 
36°  &  40'  N.,  &  Ion.  19°  &  23°  E.  United 
area  1,092  sq.  m.,  &  p.  219,797.  Surface 
mountainous,  &  generally  rugged  & 
covered  with  heath.  It  has  produced  in  a 
single  year  210,100  bbls.  of  wine,  219,340 
barrels  of  olive  oil,  Corfu  &  Zante  ;  & 
17,980,100  lbs.  of  currants  in  Zante  & 
Cephalonia.  The  government  is  invested 
in  a  lord  high  commissioner  appointed  by 
Great  Britain,  &  a  parliament  consisting 
of  a  senate  &  legislative  assembly.  The 
assembly,  elected  for  5  years,  is  compos- 
ed of  40  members,  7  elected  by  each  of 
the  three  larger  islands,  4  by  Santa 
Maura,  4  by  the  remaining  isls.,  the  rest 
being  nominated  by  the  lord  high  com- 
missioner. The  senate  consisting  of  5 
members,  elected  by  the  legislative  body. 
Public  rev.  120,OOOZ. 

Ionian  Sea  is  that  part  of  the  Medi- 
terranean between  Greece  &  European 
Turkey  on  the  E.,  &  Italy  &  Sicily  on 
the  W. 

Iowa  (formerly  Sioux  territory),  a 
state  of  the  U.  S.,  N.  America,  between 
lat.  40°  35'  &  48°  30'  N.,  &  Ion.  90°  20' 


&  102°  W.,  bounded  on  the  B.  by  the 
Mississippi,  &  W.  by  the  Missouri  iivers, 
&  on  the  S.  by  Missouri  state.  Estimated 
area,  47,500  sq.  m.  P.  1840.  43,111 ;  in 
1850,  192,214.  Surface  undulatiog;  in 
the  W.  is  a  pretty  elevated  table-laud. 
Along  the  invers  the  soil  is  fertile  &  well 
wooded  ;  elsewhere,  it  is  generally  bare 
of  timber,  &  nearly  3-4ths  of  the  surface 
are  covered  with  prairies.  Principal  pro- 
ducts, maize,  wheat,  barley,  potatoes,  & 
fruits,  with  some  wool,  tobacco,  &  furs. 
The  great  lead  region,  extending  from 
Illinois  across  the  Mississippi  here,  com- 
prises about  2,880  sq.  m.  Zinc,  iron,  & 
marble  are  met  with.  Climate,  except 
on  some  level  river  grounds,  salubrious. 
The  Chippeway,  Ottawa,  &  several  other 
Indian  tribes,  occupy  portions  of  the  ter- 
ritory. Iowa  was  separated  from  Wis- 
consin in  1838,  &  admitted  into  the  Union 
in  1846.  It  is  divided  into  49  cos.,  & 
has  2  rep.  in  cong.  There  are  180  m. 
r.  r.  in  course  of  construction.  Principal 
towns,  Iowa  city,  the  cap.,  Burlington,  & 

Dubuque. II.  county,  Wis.     P.  9,530. 

III.  county,  Iowa.     P.  822. IV. 

city,  cap.  Iowa,  on  the  E.  bank  Iowa  r. 

V.  river,  branch  of  the   Mississippi, 

300  m.  long.  It  is  boatable  to  Iowa 
city. 

Iphofbn,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ 
Midd.-Franconia.     P.  2,069. 

Ipoly,  a  river  of  central  Hungary.  L. 
90  m. 

Ips,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  at  the 
confl.  of  the  Ips  with  the  Danube.  P. 
1,952. 

Ipsala,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Piumili,  sanj.  Gallipoli,  on  the  Maritza. 

Ipsamboul,  a  vill.  of  Nubia,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Nile. 

IP.SAEA,  an  island  of  the  Grecian 
archipelago,  but  belonging  to  Turkey. 

Ipseha,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pash. 
Erzeroum. 

Ipsitz,  or  Ybbsitz,  a  mkt.  town  of  Lr. 
Austria.     P.  1,267. 

Ipswich,  a  river-port,  &  town  of  Eng- 
land, cap.  CO.  Suffolk,  on  the  OrwelL 
The  town  stands  on  a  slope,  sheltered  by 
hills  on  the  E.  &  N.  It  is  irregularly 
built ;  streets  mostly  narrow,  &  houses 
old-fashioned. 

Ipswich,  t.,  port  of  entry  &  semi-cap. 
of  Essex  CO.  Mass.  Its  female  acad.  is 
celebrated.    Tonnage,  492  55.     P.  3,349. 

Iqui,  two  islands  of  Japan,  S.E. 
Kiusiu. 

lauiauE,  a  small  seaport  town  of  S. 
Peru,  dep.  Arequipa,  prov.  Tarapacoa, 
on  the  Pacific.     P.  1,000. 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


393 


Ira,  t.,  Rutland  co.  Vt.     P.  431. II. 

p-t.,  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.     P.  2,110. 

Irak-Ajemi,  a -large  central  prov.  of 
Persia.  Surface  an  elevated  table-land, 
traversed  by  several  mntn.  rnnges. 

Irak-Arabi,  Asiatic  Turkey,  pash. 
Bagdad,  is  mostly  between  the  lower 
courses  of  the  Euphrates  &  Tigris,  & 
comprises  the  city  of  Bagdad,  &  the 
ruins  of  Babylon,  Seleucia,  &  Ctesiphon. 

Iran,  the  ancient  name  of  Persia. 

Irasburg.  t.,  cap.  Orleans  CO.  Vt.  P.  971. 

Irasu,  a  volcano  of  Central  America, 
state  Costa- Plica. 

Irbit,  a  town  of  Siberia,  gov.  Perm, 
cap.  dist.,  on  the  jSTeiva,  &  on  a  route 
from  Tobolsk  into  Europe. 

Iredell,  W.  co.  N.  C.  Area,  800  sq. 
m.     Cap.  Stateville.     P.  14,719. 

Iregh,  two  mkt.  towns  of  S.W.  Hun- 
gary.  1.  CO.  Tolna.      P.  2,525. II. 

Slavonia,  co.  Syrmia,  with  1.000  houses. 

Ireland,  an  island,  formings  a  portion 
of  the  British  empire,  in  the  N.  Atlantic, 
between  lat,  51°  25'  &  55°  23'  N.,  &  Ion. 
•  5°  25'  &  10°  35'  W.,  separated  W.-ward 
from  Great  Britain  by  the  Irish  sea  & 
St.  George  channel.  L.  N.  to  S.,  283  m. ; 
greatest  breadth  197  miles.  Area,  popu- 
lation, &  subdivisions,  as  follow  :' — Prov- 
inces, Leinster,  Munster,  Ulsfer  &  Con- 
naught ;  co's,,  32.  Area,  20,808,271.  P. 
in  1841,  8,175,124;  in  1851,  6,515,794. 
This  rem'kable  deer,  has  been  caused  part- 
ly by  famine,  but  chiefly  by  emigration. 
Ireland  is  of  an  oblong  form,  with  a  waved 
continuous  outline  on  the  E.  coast.  Surface 
mostly  level  or  imdulating.  Most  of  its 
mountains  are  in  isolated  groups  towards 
the  coasts  &  and  extremities  of  the  isl- 
and, surrounding  a  central  plain,  of  lime- 
stone formation.  M'Gillicuddy  reeks,  in 
Kerry,  is  the  highest  summit  in  Ireland, 
&  rises  to  3,404  feet  above  the  sea.  Ire- 
land has  numerous  rivers  &  lakes,  of  an 
aggregate  surface  of  336  sq.  m.  Ireland 
is  much  indented  by  the  sea,  no  locality 
being  above  50  m.  from  its  shores.  Of 
the  20  million  acres  of  land,  it  has  been 
estimated  that  5  J  million  are  arable,  6| 
pasture  &  marshes,  5  improvable,  &  the 
remainder  waste.  Ireland  is  more  fitted 
for  cattle  rearing  than  an  agricultural 
country.  Farms  are  generally  very 
small,  few  extend  to  40  acres,  &  mostly 
vary  from  5  to  15  acres  in  the  E.  &  N. 
About,  9-  lOths  of  the  lands  lyere  confis- 
cated by  the  government  of  Cromwell  & 
William  III.,  &  bestowed  on  English  pro- 
prietors. Mineral  products  comprise 
marble,  of  the  finest  quality,  coal,  cop- 
per, &  lead.    Manufs    consist  of  paper, 

17* 


glass,  tobacco,  &  especially  linen  goods, 
the  chief  seat  of  which  latter  is  Ulster  ; 
&  in  that  prov.  linens,  to  the  estimated 
value  of  4,000. OOOZ.  annually,  are  made 
chiefly  in  the  dwellings  of  the  rural  popu- 
lation. The  malt  trade  &  distilling  of 
wtisky  are  extensively  carried  on.  There 
are  many  woollen,  cotton,  &  flax  mills. 
Principal  commercial  ports  are  Dublin, 
Belfast,  Cork,  Limerick,  "Waterford,  & 
Londonderry.  The  Grand  &  Royal  ca- 
nals intersect  Ireland  throughout  from 
E.  to  W.  Of  every  100  inhabs.  81  are 
catholics,  &  11  episcopalians;  the  rest 
dissenters.  But  the  episcopal  church  has 
2  archbishoprics  &  10  bishoprics,  which 
absorb  a  rev.  of  at  least  1,000,000Z.  an- 
nually. There  is  a  university  in  Dublin, 
&  colleges  have  been  endowed  by  gov- 
ernment in  Cork,  Galway,  &  Belfast. 
The  greater  part  of  the  Irish  are  de- 
scendants of  the  aboriginal  Celts,  with 
an  admixture  towards  the  north  of  Sax- 
ons, probably  the  Scoti  of  the  5th  cent., 
&  in  later  times,  of  English  &  Scottish 
emigrants.  The  Erse,  a  dialect  of  the 
Celtic,  is  still  the  prevailing  langunge. 
In  1847  a  famine  took  place  from  the 
failure  of  the  potato  crop.  The  U.  S. 
of  America  made  liberal  contributions  for 
the  relief  of  the  starving. 

Ireland  (New),  a  long  &  narrow  isl. 
in  the  Pacific  ocean,  in  lat.  2°  3'  S.,  & 
Ion.  152°  E.,  about  400  in.  N.E.Papua. 
L.  200  m.;  av.  br.  20  m. 

Irghiz  (Great  &  Little),  two  rivers 
of  Russia,  gov.  Saratov,  tributary  to  the 
Volga. — The  Uiu  Irghiz,  independent 
Turkestan:    L.  240  m. 

Irigny,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Rhone.     P.  1*124. 

Irish  Sea,  is  that  part  of  the  Atlantic 
ocean  extending  between  lat.  51°  40'  & 
54°  30'  N.,  &  Ion.  3°  &  B°  W.,  having 
W.  Ireland,  N.  Scotland,  E.  England,  & 
S.  Wales,  continuous  S.W.-ward  with  St. 
George's  channel. 

Irishtown,  the  name  of  numerous 
suburbs  of  towns,  &  of  sev,  vills.  of  Irel. 

Ieki,  a  towu  of  N;  Hindostan,  Gur- 
hwal. 

Irkutsk,  a  city  of  Sibbria,  cap.  gov- 
ernment of  Irkutsk,  on  the  Angara,  ab 
the  influx  of  the  Irkut,  30  m.  from  the 
N.W.  shore  of  Lake  Baikal.  P.  18,000. 
It  is  divided  into  two  nearly  equal  parts 
by  the  Angara,  here  crossed  by  a  long 
wooden  bridge.  It  has  an  exchange, 
some  building  docks  on  the  river,  a  _me<li- 
cal  college,  numerous  schools,  &  is  the 
great  entrepot  for  the  commerce  of  N.E. 
Asia.    The  total  amount  of  its  trade  has 


394 


CYCLOi'^DIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[iSK 


been  estimated  at  4  millions  paper  rou- 
bles (800,000Z.)  a  year. —  The  government 
of  Irkutsk  is  a  part  of  the  old  gov.  of 
same  name.  It  comprises  Lake  Baikal, 
&  is  rich  in  mines  of  gold,  silver,  copper, 
&  iron.     P.  507,300. 

iRODOUEa,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Ille-et-Vilaine.     P.  1,85B. 

Iron  (Lough),  a  lake  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  co.  AVest  Meath. 

iRONDEauoiT,  p-fr.,   Monroe  co.   N.Y. 

P.  2,397. II.  cr.   k  bay,   N.Y.     The 

bay  sets  up  from  Lake  Ontario,  6  m. 
long. 

Iroquois,  B.  co.  111.  Area,  1,423  sq. 
m.     Cap.  Montgomery.     P.  4,149. 

Ireawadi,  one  of  the  great  rivers  of 
S.E.  Asia,  empties  into  the  bay  of  Ben- 
gal. The  main  stream,  from  the  head 
of  the  delta  to  Yedan  above  Ava,  varies 
from  1  to  4  m.  in  breadth,  &  may  always 
be  ascended  to  Ava  from  the  sea  by  ves- 
sels of  200  tons,  which,  during  the  rains, 
can  reach  the  influx  of  the  Mogouny  riv., 
800  m.  from  the  ocean. 

Irthing,  a  river  of  England. 

Irtish,  a  principal  river  of  N.  Asia. 
It  traverses  the  lake  Zarsan  &  joins  the 
Ob,  180  m.  N.  Tobolsk,  aftei-  a  total 
course  of  1,700  miles. 

Irun,  a  frontier  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Guipuscoa,  near  the  Bidassoa.     P.  2,471. 

Irvillac,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Finistere.     P.  2,330. 

Irvine,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  Ayr. 

L.  20  m. II.  seaport  town  of  Scotland, 

CO.    Ayr.      P.   7,550. III.   p-v.,    cap. 

Estill  CO.  Ky. 

Irvinestown,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
Ulster,  CO.  Fermanagh.     P.  1,388. 

Irving,  p-v.,  &  port  of  entry,  Chau- 
tauqne  co.  N.  Y. 

Irwell,  a  riv.  of  Engl.,  co.  Lancaster; 
L.  40  miles. 

Irwin,  S.  co.  G-a.  Area,  2,079.  Cap. 
Irwinville.  P.  3,334. II.  t.,  Venan- 
go co.  Pa.     P.' 1,111. 

Irwinton,  cap.  Wilkinson  co.  Ga. 

Irwinville,  cap.  Irwin  co.  Ga.,  on 
Alapahaw  r. 

Isaba,  a  vill.  Qf  Spain,  ISTavarra,  prov. 
Pamplona,  on  a  steep  height.     P.  1,000. 

Isabella,  a  port  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Hayli,  36  m.  W.jST.W".  Santiago,  &  where 
Columbus,  in  1493,  e.stab.  the  first  Euro- 
pean.settl.  in  the  New  World,  of  which 

the  traces  are  sai<^  to  be  still  visible. 

II.  N.  CO.,  Mich.     Area,  576  sq.  m. 

Isakli,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor,  pash. 
Karamania. 

Isaktchi,  a  frontier  town  of  European 
Turkey,  Bulgaria,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Danube. 


Isamal,  a  town  of  Yucatan,  50  m. 
E.S.E.  Merida. 

IsAR,  a  river  of  Germany; 

Isauria,  a  famous  anc.  city  of  Asia- 
Minor.     L.  45  m. 

Isbarta,  a  town  of  Asia- Minor,  Ana- 
tolia. 

IsBORSK,  a  small  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Pskov. 

Ischel,  a  market  town  of  Upper  Aus- 
tria, on  the  Traun.     P.  1,903. 

IscHiA,  an  isl.  of  Naples,  in  the  Medi- 
terranean, 8  m.  S.W.  Cape  Misene.  Area, 
21  sq.  m.  P.  24,000.  Surface  mntnous., 
&  Mount  Epomeo,  Spopeus,  in  its  cen- 
tre, rises  to  2,513  feet  in  height. 

IscHiTELLA,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Capitanata,  near  the  Adriatic.     P.  3,500. 

IsE-FiORD,  an  inlet  of  Denmark,  on 
the  N.  side  of  the  isl.  Seeland.  L.  20 
m.;  br.  10  m. 

IsEGHEM,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Belgium, 
prov.  W.  Flanders.     P-.  8,868. 

IsENBURG,  two  vills.  of  Germany. 

I.  (iVetp),  grand  duchy  Hessen-Darm- 
stadt.  P.  1,833. 11.  Ehenish  Prus- 
sia, 8  m.  N.  Coblenz.     P.  535. 

IsEo  (Lake),  N.  Italy,  is  15  m.  E. 
Bergamo.     L.  15  m. 

IsEHE,  a  riv.,  Sardinia,  &  S.E.  France. 

L.  150  m. II.  a  dep.  of  S.E.  of  France, 

on  the  frontiers  of  Savoj^.  Cap.  Grenoble. 
Area,  3,253  sq.  m.  Surface  mountainous, 
especially  in  the  S.E.,  which  presents 
narrow  gorges,  rugged  precipices,  rapid 
torrents,  &  thick  forests.     P.  603,597. 

IsERLOHN,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian 
AYestphalia.     P.  9,930. 

IsERNiA,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Mo- 
lise,  on  the  W.  slope  of  the  Apennines. 
P.  5,200. 

IsET,  a  river  of  Siberia.     L.  250  m. 

IsHiM,  a  river  of  Siberia,  gov.  Tobolsk. 
L.  700  m. 

IsiDRO  (San),  a  small  town  of  South 
America,  Plata  confederation,  dep.  Bue- 
nos-Ay  res. 

IsiGNY,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Calvados,  cap.  cant.  P. 
1,696. 

IsiLi,  a  town  of  the  island  Sardinia. 
P.  2,195. 

Isis,  a  river  of  England. 

IsiuM,  a  town,  Russia,  on  the  Donetz. 
P.  4,000. 

IsKARDOH,  a  valley  of  Little  Thibet, 
a  gorge,  19  m.  in  length,  7  ra.  across. 

IsKELiB,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor,  Ana- 
tolia, near  the  Kizil-Irmak.  Estim.  p. 
9,000. 

IsKER,  a  river  of  European  Turkey, 
BuL-raria.     L.  150  m. 


iss] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


30S 


IsKiL,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor,  pash. 
Karamania,  comprising  about  400  houses. 

IsLA,  a  river  of  Scotland,  41  m.  loiig. 
II.  a  small  river,  Banifshire. 

IsLA  DEL  Key,  the  largest  of  the  Pearl 
islands,  gulf  of  Panama,  S.  America.  L. 
20  miles. 

IsLADi,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Bulgaria. 

isLA  DE  Leon,  a  city  of  Spain,  prov. 
&  7  m.  S.E.  Cadiz,  on  the  E.  side  of  the 
Isle  of  Leon.   P.  9,729.   It  is  very  ancient. 

IsLA  DOS  PiNOs  ("Isle  of  Pines"),  an 
island  of  the  Spanish  West  Indies,  off  the 
S.  coast  of  Cuba.  Shape  nearly  circular. 
Area,  800  sq.  m.    P.  500. 

Islamabad,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  on  the  Chittagong  river, 
8  m.  from  its  mouth  in  the  bay  of  Bengal. 
P.  12,000.('?)      It  is  pretty  well  built  in 

the  Bengalese  style. II.  a   town  of 

Cashmere,  on  the  Jhylum. 

IsLA  Mayoh,  a  large  isl.  of  Spain, 
prov.  Sevilla.     L.  17  miles. 

ISLAMPOOR  &  IsLAMNAGUR,  twO  toWnS 

of  Hindostan. 1,  dom.  Jeypoor. 

II.  dom.  Bhopaul. 

IsLANDsHiKB,  a  detaehcd  portion  of  the 
CO.  Durham.     P.  §,830. 

IsLAY,  one  of  the  larger  islands  of  the 
inner  Hebrides,  Scotland,  co.  Argyle,  25 
m.  long,  &  17  broad.  Bstim  area,  (54,000 
acres.     P.  18,071. 

Isle,  a  river  of  France.     L.  100  m. 

Isle,  a  prefix  to  numerous  comms., 
towi;g,  &  vills.  of  France. 

IsLEBOKOuGH,  t.,  Waldo  CO.  Me.  P.  777. 

Isle  La  Motte,  13  m.  W.  St.  Albans. 
in  Lake  Chaniplain.     P.  435. 

Isle  (L'),  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Vaucluse,  cap.  cant.,  on  an  isl.  formed 
by  the  Sorgues.     P.  4,797. 

Isle  of  Pines,  an  island  of  the  Pacific 
ocean,  S.E.  New  Caledonia.  Lat.  of  peak 
22°  38'  S.,  Ion.  167°  25'  E.,  42  m.  in  oir- 
cumfer.     P.  2,500.     (See  Isla  dos  Pinos  ) 

Isle  of  Sehpents,  a  lofty  islet  in  the 
Black  sea. 

Isle  of  Shoals,  a  group  of  8  i.-slets,  in 
the  Atlantic,  12  m.S.B.  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

Isle  of  Wight,  S.E.  co.  Va.  Area, 
400  sq.  m.  Cap.  Isle  of  Wight  c.  h.  P. 
9,353. 

IsLip,  p-t.,  Suffolk  CO.  N.  Y.,  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  the  Atlantic.     P.  2,602. 

Ismaelbad,  a  town,  N.W.  Hindostan. 

Ismail,  a  town  of  Russia,  Bessarabia, 
cap.  dist.,  on  1.  b.-of  the  Kilia. 

IsMALiYAH,  a  small  town  of  Persia,  on 
the  Karun. 

IsMEK  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill  of  France, 
dep.  Is^re.     P.  1,325. 


IsMiD,  a  marit.  town  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia,  at  the  head  of  the  gulf  of  I?mid. 
It   is  finely   placed,   &   comprises   1,000 

houses. II.  The  gulf  of  Ismid,  is  an 

inlet  forming  the  E.  extremity  of  the  sea 
of  Marmora,  45  m.  in  length. 

IsMiL,  a  large  vill.  of  Asia-Minor,  pash. 
Karamania. 

IsNELLO,  a  town  of  Sicily,  intend.  Par 
lermo.    P.  1,600. 

IsNiK  (Lake  of),  a  beautiful  lake  of 
Asia-Minor,  Anatolia,  17  ra.  E.  the  gulf 

of  Moudania.     L.  14  m. ;  br.  4  m. II. 

Isnik,  is  a  vill.  &  ruined  city  on  the  E. 
extremity  of  this  lake.  The  vill.  com- 
prises about  150  houses.  The  first  gene- 
ral ecclesiastical  council  met  at  Nicsea, 
in  325,  on  which  occasion  the  "Nicene 
creed"  was  framed ;  another  council  was 
held  here  in  787. 

Is'oGLOu,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on 
the  Euphrates. 

IsOLA,  several  towns  of  Naples. 

I.  prov.  Calab.-Ult.,  near  the  Mediter- 
ranean.   P.  2,000. II.  prov.  T.  di  La- 

voro,  on  an  isl.  formed  by  the  river  Liri. 

P.  2,600. III.  prov.  Abruzzo  Ult.  I. 

P.  1,100. 

IsoLA,  a  large  market  town  of  Illyria, 
gov.  Triest,  on  the  S.E.  shore  of  the  gulf 
of  Triest.  P.  3,430. II.  a  vill..  Pied- 
mont, 25  m.  S.W.  Alexandria. 

IsoLA  BELLA  ScALA,  a  town,  N.  Italy, 
on  the  Tartaro.     P.  3,400. 

IsoLA  Gkossa,  an  isl.  in  the  Adriatic 
sea,  off  the  coast  of  Dalmatia.  L.  27  m. ; 
br.  3  m.     P.  12,000. 

IsoNzo,  a  river  of  Illyria,  foi'ming  the 
boundary  between  N.E.  Italy  &  Illyria. 

Ispahan,  a  famous  city,  &  formerly 
the  cap.  of  Persia,  215  m..  S.  Teheran.  P. 
100,000.  It  stands  enclosed  by  orchards 
&  plantations,  in  a  fine  plain  on  the 
Zendarood,  here  crossed  by  several  noble 
bridges. 

Ispinglee,  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  in 
the  Bolan  pass,  65  m.  N.  Kelat.  P.  2,000. 
— Tspunglee  is  a  vill.  in  the  same  pass. 

Israel,  t.,  Preble  co.  0.     P.l,  547. 

IssAq.UENA,  CO.,  Miss.     p.  4,478. 

IssoiRE,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Puy- 
de-DOme,  on  the  Crouze.     P.  5,462. 

IssouDUN,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Indre,  on  the  Theols;     P.  10,184. 

IssuM,  a  vill.  of  Rhenish  Prussia.  P. 
1,000. 

Issus,  a  riv.  &  town  of  antiquity  in 
N.  Syria. 

IssY,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dop. 

Seine.     P.  2,027. IL  {V Eveque),  de^. 

Saoae-et-Loire,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Som- 
me.    P.  1,890. 


Hr 


396 


CyCLOP-EDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[iTA 


IsTABOLAT,  the  modem  name  of  a 
ruined  city  of  Asiatic  Turkey. 

IsTAKHAR,  a  vill.  of  Persia,  proy.  Ears, 
on  a  part  of  the  site  of  Persepolis. 

IsTALiF,  a  town  of  Affghanistan.  P. 
15,000. 

ISTAN03,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor,  Ana- 
tolia, on  an  aiQ.  of  the  Sangarius,  with 
about  800  houses. 

IsTAPA.  a  small  town,  N.  Amer.,  con- 
fed.  Mexico,  near  the  Pacific  ocean,  85 
m.  B.S.E.  Zacatula. 

Isthmus,  a  dep.  of  New  Granada, 
S.  Amer.  Area,  25,000  sq.  m.  Es- 
tim.  p.  100,000.  Chief  towns,  Panama, 
Chagres,  Puerto  Bello,  &  Veragua. 

IsTiPj  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Eumili,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Bagranitza.  P. 
8,000. 

IsTREs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Bouches-du-Ehune,  cap.  cant.,  near 
W.  side  of  the  lagoon  of  Berre.  P. 
2,608. 

IsTRiA,  a  peninsula  in  the  N.  of  the 
Adriatic  sea,  forming  a  circle  of  the 
Austrian  gov.  of  Triest,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Illyria.  Area,  1,810  sq.  m.  P.  230,- 
OOU.  It  is  divided  into  Austrian  &  Ve- 
netian Istria;  the  former  in  the  'N., 
formed  part  of  the  Germanic  confedera- 
tion. 

IsTURGATEH,  a  town  of  Affghanistan, 
dom.  Cabool. 

IszNY,  a  town  of  "Wiirtemberg,  circ. 
Danube.     P.  1,863. 

-  Itabaianna,  a  mountain,  &  a  market 

town  of  Brazil,  prov.  Sergipe.    P.  2,000. 

Itabira,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov.  Mi- 

nas  Geraes,  or  r.   b.  of  the  Vethas.     P. 

4,000. II.  Itabira-de-Mata-  Dentro,  a 

gold  mining  town.     P.  3,000. 

Itacolumi,  sever^al  mountains  of 
Brazil. 

Itaguahi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov.  & 
40  m.  "VV.  Rio  de  Janeiro.  P.  4,000.— 
Itaipu,  is  a  maritime  vill ,  prov.  Rio  de 
Janeiro.     P.  2,000. 

Italy,  a  country  of  S.  Europe,  formed 
of  a  continental  portion,  a  peninsula,  & 
numerous  islands.  Considered  geogra- 
phically, it  extends  from  the  extremity 
of  Sicily  to  the  Rhsetian  Alps,  between 
lat.  36°  35'  &  47°  N.,  &  from  the  W. 
point  of  the  Cottian  Alps  to  the  E.  ex- 
tremity of  Terra  d'Otranto.  between  Ion. 
6°  35'  &  18°  35'  E.  Politically,  it  ex- 
tends 1°  farther  W.,  to  include  the  prov. 
of  Savoy  in  the  Sardinian  states.  It  is 
bounded  E.  by  the  Adriatic  &  the  Ionian 
sea,  S.  by  the  Mediterranean,  W.  by 
France  <fc  the  Mediterranean,  &'  N.  by 
Switzerland  &  Austria.    Its  natural  con- 


fines are  the  Alps  &  the  sea.  Within 
these  limits,  Italy  comprises  13  separate 
divisions,  including  Italian  Switzerland  : 
— the  canton  Tessin  (Ticino),  &  a  part  of 
the  Grisons  (Grigione),  &  Valais  ;  Aus- 
trian Italy  : — the  Italian  Tyrol,  the  king- 
dom of  Lombardy  &  Venice,  Istria,  Tri- 
est, &c.;  French  Italy,  island  of  Corsica: 
— &  English  Italy,  the  Maltese  islands  ; 
the  entire  area  of  which  is  estimated  at 
100,000  Italian  sq.  m.,  &  the  pop.  at  up- 
wards 22  millions.  The  continental  portion 
of  the  country  is  separated  from  the  rest  of 
Europe  by  the  chain  of  the  Alps,  &  its 
waters  belong  entirely  to  the  basin  of 
the  Mediterranean  sea.  The  chief  islands 
are  Sicily,  Sardinia,  Corsica,  Elba,  Malta, 
&  the  Lipari  islands.  Italy  has  some  of 
the  largest  mntn.  lakes  in  Europe,  which 
are  -celebrated  for  their  picturesque 
beauty.  From  its  position,  form,  &  con- 
figuration, Italy  enjoys  a  varied  &  ex- 
cellent climate,  which  permits  the  pro- 
ductions of  the  temp.  &  some  of  those  of 
the  torrid  zone  to  mingle  on  its  almost 
uniformly  fertile  surface.  Italy  is  rich 
in  miner.il  products,  but  has  few  metals, 
except  iron  &  lead.  The  fauna  resembles 
that  of  the  rest  of  Europe  in  similar  lati- 
tudes, except  that  it  embraces  the  buffalo, 
&  among- vipers,  the  asp,  scorpion,  &  ta- 
rantula. Fish  are  abundant  in  the  rivers. 
The  manufs..  except  in  the  N.,  unimport- 
ant. The  principal  imports  are  colonial 
goods,  linen,  woollen  &  cotton  fabrics,  jew- 
ellery, &  dried  fish.  Chief  exports,  silk, 
wool,  oil,  honey,  straw  hats,  &  Parmesan 
cheese.     The    arts   &   sciences    are   still 

cultivated  with  considerable  success 

II.  t.,  Yates  CO.  N.  Y.     P.  1,627. 

Itamaraca,  an  island  of  Brazil,  in 
the  Atlantic,  20  m.  N.  Pernambuco.  L. 
9  m. ;  br.  6  m.     P.  8,000. 

Itanhaen,  a  marit.  town  of  Brazil,  40 
m.  S.  San  Paulo,  on  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic. 
P.  1,200. 

Itaparica,  an  island  of  Brazil,  in  the 
bay  of  Bahia,  immediately  opposite  that 
city.     L.  18  m. ;  br.  6  m. 

Itapemirim,  a  vill.  of  Brazil,  on  the 
river  of  the  same  name,  near  its  mouth, 
in  the  Atlantic.  P.  2,000. — Itapeva  is  a 
mkt.  town,  160  m.  W.  San  Paulo.  P. 
2,200. 

Itapicurit,  two  rivs.  of  Brazil. 1. 

prov.  Maranham.    L.  410  m. II.  prov. 

Bahia,  enters   the  Atlantic,  90  m.  N.E. 
Bahia.     L.  350  m. 

Itapua,  a  town  of  Paraguay,  S.  Amer., 
on  the  Parana. 

Itasca  (Lake),  about  170  m.  W.  Lake 
Superior.    It  is  3  m.  across. 


JAA.] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


397 


Itaska,  county,  Minnesota.     P.  97. 

Itata,  a  river  of  Chile,  dep.  Coneep- 
cion.     L.  150  m. 

Itavy,  a  mkt.  town  of  the  Plata  con- 
federation, S.  Amer.,  on  the  Parana. 

Itawamba,  N.E.  co.  Miss.  Area,  900 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Pulton.     P.  13,528. 

Itchapoor,  a  town  of  British  India. 

Itchen,  a  river  of  England,  co.  Hants. 

Itchliman,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, Bulgaria. 

Itenes,  a  river,  S.  America,  a  tribu- 
tary of  the  Mamore,  in  Bolivia. 

Ithaca,  one  of  the  Ionian  Islands, 
among  which  it  holds  the  5th  rank,  in  the 
Mediterranean,  2  m.  E.  Cephalonia.  L. 
14  m. ;  b.  4  m.    Area,  44  sq.  m.    P.  9,744. 

it.  p-v.,  &  cap.  Tompkins  CO.  N.Y., 

at  the  S  extremity  of  Cayuga  lake,  27 
m.  N.N.W.  O.swego.  It  has  an  active  gene- 
ral trade  with  Pennsylvania.      P.  6,909. 

III.  a  large  vill.  of  British  Guiana, 

near  the  Berbice  river.     P.  2,000. 

Ithome,  a  mntn.  of  Greece,  Morea, 
3,865  feet  in  elevation. 

Ithon,  a  river  of  S.  Wales,  co.  Randor. 

Itinivini,  a  branch  of  the  Cassiquiare 
river,  S.  America,  Venezuela. 

Iton,  a  river  of  France,  jbins  the  Eur  e, 
after  a  N.  course  of  58  m. 

Itri,  a  town  of  Raples,  prov.  T.  di  La- 
voro.     P.  4,100. 

Itsatsou,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Pyrenees.     P.  1,550. 

Itshil,  a  pashalie  of  Asia-Minor,  com- 
prising ail  its  S.  coast  between  Anatolia 
&  N.  Syria. 

Itskhini-Itskali,  a  river  of  Asiatic 
Russia,  Transcaucasia. 

Itthngen,  a  vill.  of  Baden,  circ.  Mid- 
dle Rhine,  on  the  Elsenz.     P.  1,821. 

Ittj,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov.  San  Paulo, 
on  the  Tiete.     P.  10,000. 

Iturup,  the  largest  of  the  Kurile 
islands,  N.  Pacific  ocean,belonging  to  Rus- 
sia. Lat.  of  N.  peak,  45°  38'  N.,  Ion. 
149°  15'  E.    L.  140  m.-;  av.  b.  20  m. 

Itzehoe,  a  town  of  Denmark,  duchy 
Holstein,  cap.  dist.,  on  the  Stor.  P.  6,000. 

IvAHi,  a  river  of  Brazil,  prov.  San 
Pavilo,  joins  the  Parana.     L.  250  m. 

Ivan  -  Gorod,  two   market  towns  of 

Russia. 1,   gov.  Tohernigov,   on  the 

Otser.     P.  1,200. U.  78  m.  S.W.  St. 

Petersburg,  on  the  Narova.     P.  1,000. 

Ivanovo,  a  market  town  of  Russia, 
near  rt.  b.  of  the  Uvot. 

IvANY,  a  market  town  of  W.  Hungary, 
00.  Oedenburg.     P.  1,449. 

IvEL,  two  rivers  of  England. 1,  co. 

Bedford.     L.  20  m. II.  (or  Yeo),  co. 

Somerset.    L.  27  m. 


Ives  (St.),  a  seaport  town  of  England, 
CO.  Cornwall,  on  its  N.  coast. 

Ives  (St.),  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Huntingdon.     P.  3,514. 

Ivije,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
55  m.S.S.E   Vilna.     P.  1,440. 

IviNGHOE,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Bucks.    P.  1,443. 

IvizA,  the  smallest  &  most  W.  of  the 
three  principal  Balearic  islands,  belong- 
ing to  Spain,  in  the  Mediterranean,  54 
m.  S.W.  Majorca.  L.  22  m. ;  av.  b.  12  m. 
P.  11,000. 

Ivoy-le-Pre,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Cher.     P.  2,666. 

Ivrea,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  29  miles 
N.N.E.  Turin,  cip.  prov.,  onl.  b.  of  the 
Dora  Baltea.     P.  7,000. 

Ivry-la-Bataille,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Eure.     P.  1,0M). 

Ivry-sur-Seine,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Seine,  3  m.  S.S.E.  Paris.  P. 
5,880. 

IwuY,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Nord.     P.  3,774. 

Ixelles,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  1  m.  S. 
Brussels.      P.  2,720. 

Ixworth,  a  mkt.  town  of  England,  co. 
Suffolk.     P.  1,064. 

IzABAL.  a  vill.  of  Central  America, 
state,  &  90  m.  N.E.  Guatemala.  P.  1,500. 

IzALco,  a  volcano  of  Central  America, 
state  San  Salvador. 

Izard,  N.  co.,  Ark.    Area,  1,600  sq.jn. 

Cap.  Athens.    P.  3,212. II.  c.  h.,  p-v., 

cap.  Izard  co.  Ark. 

IzE,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ille-et-Vilaine.     P.  2,040. 

Izeaux,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Is^re.     P.  1,560. 

Izernore,  a  xomm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Ain.     P.  2,005. 

IziEux,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Loire,  on  the  Ban.     P.  1,444. 

IzNAJAR,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Cor- 
dova, near  the  Genii.     P.  3,808. 

IzNALLOZ,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Gra- 
nada.    P.  3,082. 

IzNATORAF,  a  walled  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Jaen.     P.  2,101. 

IzoN,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Gironde.     P.  1,470. 

Iztaccihuatl,  a  volcano  of  the  Mexi- 
can confederation,  dep.  La  Puebla.  Elev. 
15,705  feet. 


J. 

Jaar,  a  riv.  of  Belgium.    L.  30   m. 
Jabary,  a  riv.  of  S.  Amer.,  forirting  a 


I— >v«f  «»«.„. 


3^8 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHr. 


[jAO 


part  of  the  boundary  between  Brazil  & 
Peru.  L.  450  m.  It  is  navigable  for 
200  m. 

Jabbalpoor,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

Jabbeke,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium, 
proT.  W.  Flanders.     P.  1,260. 

Jabea,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the  Medi- 
terranean.    P.  3,654. 

Jablonev,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  on 
the  Oojetza.     P.  1^000. 

Jablonka,  a  vill.  of  N.  Hungary,  co. 
Arva.    P.  3,639. 

Jablonow,  a  market  town  of  Austrian 
Poland,  G-alicia. 

Jablunkau,  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia, 
ontheOlsa.    P.  2,100. 

Jabooah,  atownofHindostan,  Gwalior 
dom. 

Jabugo,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  &  47  m. 
N.B.  Huelva.     P.  2,101. 

Jaca,  a  frontier  town  of  Spain.  P. 
3,012. 

Jacinto,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Tishamingo  co. 
Miss. 

Jackman's  Sound,  a  harbor  in  Fro- 
bisher  strait,  Arctic  0. 

Jackree,  a  vill.  of"the  Punjab,  on  the 
Jhylum. 

Jackson,    N.W.   co.   Va.     Area,  480 

sq.  m.     Cap.  Ripley.     P.  6,544. II. 

N.  CO.  Fla.,  cap.   Marianna.     P.  6,639. 

III.  N.  CO.   Ga.     Area,  432  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Jefferson.    P.  9,768. IV.  N.  co. 

Ala.     Area,  975  sq.  m.    Cap.  Bellefonte. 

P.  14,088. V.  S.E.  CO.  Miss.    Area, 

1,175sq.m.    Cap.  Jackson  c. h.    P.3,196. 

VI.  N.  CO.  Tenn.     Area,  666  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Gainesboro'.    P.  15,673. VII.  S. 

CO.  0.     Area,  400  sq.  m.     Cap.  JacksoQ. 

P.  12,721. VIII.  S.  CO.  Mich.     Area, 

720  sq.m.    Cap.  Jackson.   P.  19,431. 

IX.  S.  CO.  la.     Area,  500  sq.  m.     Cap. 

Brownstown.    P.  11,047. X.  S.  co.  III. 

Area,  576  sq.  m.     Cap.  Brownsville.     P. 

5,862. XI.  N.E.  CO.  Iowa.    Area,  628 

sq.  m.     Cap.  Bellevue.     P.  7,210. 

XII.  W.  CO.  Mo.    Area,  525  sq.  m.    Cap. 

Independence.   P.  14,000. XIII.' N.E. 

CO.  Ark.  Area,  800  sq.  m.  Cap.  Eliz- 
abeth.   P.  3,086. XIV.  county,  Texas. 

Cap.    Texana.      P.  996. XV.    p-t., 

Washington  co.  N.  Y.   P.  2,129. XVI. 

t,  Dauphin  co.  Pa.     P.  1,164. XVII. 

t.,  Greene  co.  Pa.     P.  1,120. XVIII. 

t.,  Lebanon  co.  Pa.     P.  2,508. XIX. 

t,  Tioga  CO.  Pa.     P.  1,123. XX.  t., 

Montgomery  co.  0.    P.  1,688. XXI. 

t.,  Starke  co.  0. XXII.  t..  Brown  co. 

0. XXIII.  t.,   Trumbull   co.   0.     P. 

1,124. XXIV.  t..  Champaign  co.  0. 

p.  i_43i. XXV.  t.,  Coshocton  co.  0. 


P.  1,896. XXVI.  t.,  Guernsey  co.  0. 

P.  1,153. XXVII.  t.,  Highland  co.  0. 

P.  2,352. XXVIII.  t..  Perry  co.  0.    P. 

1,700. XXIX.,   t.,    Pike   co.    0.     P. 

1,094. XXX.  t..  Dearborn  co.  la.    P. 

1,007. XXXI.  t.,  Fayette  co.  la. 

XXXII.  t.,  Hancock  co.  la.   P.  1,142. 

XXXIII.  t.,  Ripley  co.  la.    P.  4,936. 

XXXIV.  t.,    Shelby  co.  la. XXXV, 

t.,    Washington    co.    la.      P.    2,463. 

XXXVI.  t.,  Yf  ayne  co.  la.    P.  3,403. 

XXXVII.  t.,  cap.  Jackson  co.  Mich.  P. 
3,000.    The  V.  on  Grand  r.  is  flourishing. 

XXXVIII.  p-v.,  cap.  Butts  co.  Ga. 

XXXIX.  p-v.,  cap.  of  the  state  of  Miss., 
is  on  the  W.  bank  of  Pearl  r.,  which  is 
beatable  to  this  place.  The  state  house 
is  an  elegant  &  costly  building.    P.  1 ,872. 

XL.    p-v.,    Bast    Feliciana  pa.  La. 

Here  is  La.  college.     P.  1,000. XLI. 

p-v.,  cap.  Madison  co.  Tenn.     P.  1,200. 

XLII.  p-v.,  cap.  Cape  Girardeau  co. 

Mo.     P.    1,000. XLIII.   t.,    Johnson 

CO.  Mo.     P.  1,566. XLIV.  t.,  Monroe 

CO.  Mo. XLV.  t.,  Polk  CO.   Mo.    P. 

1,035.— —XL VI.  t..  Union  co.  Ark. 

XL VII.  CO.  La.     P.  5,556. XLVIII. 

t.,  Preble  co.  0.    P.  1,260. XLIX.  t., 

Wayne  co.  0.  P.  1,645. L.  t.,  Ham- 
ilton CO.  la.     P.  1,209. 

Jacksonboeough,  p-v.,  cap.  Scriven 
CO.  Ga. 

Jackson  c.  h.,  cap.  Jackson  co.  Va. 
II.  p-v.,  cap.  Jackson  oo.  Miss. 

Jackson,  r.  Va.,  a  fork  of  the  James. 

Jacksonville,  cap.  Telfair  eo.  Ga.  on 
Ockmulgee  riv. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Ben- 
ton CO.  Ala. III.  p-v.,  cap.  Morgan 

CO.  111.,  situated  in  a  fine  prairie.  Illi- 
nois college  is  located  here. 

Jacmel,  a  town  of  Hayti,  on  its  S. 
coast,  30  m.  S.W.  Port  Republicain.  P. 
6,000. 

Jacob iNA,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov.  & 
210  m.  W.N.W.  Bahia..  P.  10,000. 

Jacobshagen,  a  town  of  Prussian  Po- 
merania.     P.  1,635. 

Jacob  (St.),  a  hamlet  of  Switzerland, 
scene  of  the  battle  between  1,600  Swiss, 
&  16,000  French,  out  of  which  only  10 
Swiss  escaped. 

Jacobstad,  two  towns  of  Russia. 1. 

gov.  Courland,  on  the  Diina.     P.  2,348. 

II.  Finland,  on  the  gulf  of  Bothnia. 

P.  1,600. 

Jacotta,  a  maritime  town  of  S.  India, 
dom.  Cochin. 

Jacova,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Albania,  on  the  White  Drin.     P.  18,000. 

Jacques  (St.),  several  comms.  &  vills. 

of  Praace. 1,  dep.  Calvados,  arrond. 

Lisieux.     P.   1,700. II.   dep.  Cautal. 


jam] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER, 


399 


P.    1,000. III.    (sur  Dametal),  dep. 

Seine  Inf.     P.  1,246. 

Jacques-Cartier,  a  river  of  Lower 
Canada,  after  a  S.S.W.  course  of  50  m. 
joins  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Jacuhy,  a  river  of  Bi-azil,  prov.  S.  Pe- 
dro de  "Rio  Grande,  enters  the  lake  of 
Patos.     L.  250  m. 

Jacut  (St.),  two  comm.  &  vills.   of 

France. 1,  dep.  Morbihan.     P.  1,278. 

II.    {Landouart) ,    dep.     Cutes-du- 

Nord.     P.  1,000. 

Jadrahue,  a  market  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  18  m.  N.E.  Gnadalaxara.    P.  1,428. 

Jadrin,  a  town  of  Kussia,  gov.  Kasan. 
P.  1,750. 

Jaen,  a  city  of  Spain,  cap.  prov.  of 
same  name,  37  m.  N.  Granada.  P. 
17,327.  It  is  enclosed  by  turreted 
walls. 

Jaen  de  Bracamoros,  a  town  of  S. 
America,  Ecuador,  dep.  Assuay,  on  the 
Chincbipe.     P.  2,000. 

Jaffa,  a  small  maritime  town  of  Pal- 
estine. 45  m.  N.E.  Gaza,  on  a  tongue  of 
land  projecting  into  the  Mediterranean. 
It  is  built  on  a  declivity,  crowned  by  a 

fortress. II.  (Script,  japhia),  a  vilL, 

2  m.  S.W.  Nazareth. 

Jaffatine  Islands^  a  group  in  the 
Red  sea,  near  the  entrance  of  the  gulf 
of  Suez. 

Jafferabad,  two  towns  of  India. 

I.  Deccan,  Nizam's  dom. II.  Gujerat, 

on  the  gulf  of  Cambay. 

Jafpiergunge,  a  town  of  British  In- 
dia, presid.  Bengal,  on  the  Ganges. 

Jaffnapatam,  a  seaport  town  of  Cey- 
lon, near  its  N.  extremity,  on  a  navigable 
inlet.    P.  8,000. 

Jaffrey,  town,  Cheshire  co.  N.  H. 
P.  1,411. 

Jagan,  a  small  town  &  fort  of  the 
Punjab,  in  its  N.  part. 

Jagepoor,  a  vill.  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

Jagerndorp,  a  town  of  Austrian  Si- 
lesia.   P.  4,800. 

Jaghatu,  a  r.  of  N.  Persia.     L.  130  m. 

Jagodin,  a  town  of  Servia,  near  1.  b. 
of  the  MorobVa. 

Jagotin,  a  large  mkt!  town  of  Russia, 
gov.  Poltava. 

Jagua  (Bahia  de),  a  flue  bay  on  the 
S.  coast  of  Cuba,  45  m.  N.W.  Trinidad,  & 
defended  by  a  strong  castle  on  Cape  de 
los  Angelos. 

Jahde,  a  river  of  N.  Germany. 

Jahil,  a  town  of  N.W.  India,  58  m. 
N.W.  Ajmere. 

Jahjou,  a  vill.  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid. Bengal. 


Jah-Jehm,  a  town  of  Persia,  prov. 
Khorassan. 

Jaicza,  a  fortified  town  of  Turkish 
Croatia,  on  the  Verbas.     P.  2,000. 

Jailum,  the  most  W.  of  the  "  five  riv- 
ers" of  the  Punjab,  tributary  to  the  In- 
dus. L.  350  m.  The  town  Jailum  E. 
bank  of  this  river,  is  large  &  clean. 

Jaimpoor,  a  smalltown  of  Afifghan- 
istan. 

Jaitpooh,  a  town  of  India,  Baroda 
dominion. 

Jajarcote,  a  town  of  India,  Oude. 
Jakau,   a  seaport  town  of  some  im- 
portance in  India,  Cutch. 

Jal  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Corr^ze.     P.  1,672. 

Jalapa,  a  city  of  the  Mexican  confed.j 
state  &  60  m.W.N.W.  Vera  Cruz,  on  the 
route  to  Mexico.  P.  10,000.  It  is  beau- 
tifully situated  at  an  elevation  of  4,340 
feet. 

Jalk,  a  town  in  the*  sandy  desert  of 
N.  Beloochistan. 

Jallais,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Maine-et-Loire.    P.  3,247. 
Jallieu,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Isere.     P.  2,145. 

Jallore,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan, 
dom.  Joudpoor.     P.  15,000.  (1) 

Jalomnitza,  ariverof  Wallachia,  140 
m.  long. 

Jaloun,  a  large  tovra  of  Hindostan, 
Bundelcand. 

Jalovka,  a  market  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  40  m.  S.  Grodno.     P.  1,000. 

Jalpuch,  a  lake  &,  riv,  of  Bessarabia, 
S.  Russia.  The  lake.  W.  Ismail,  30  m.  in 
length. 

Jalpushkov,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  gov.  Podolia.     P.  1,500. 

Jalta,  a  small  seaport  town  of  the 
Crimea,  S.  Russia. 

Jalutrovosk,  a  town  of  Siberia,  on 
the  Tobol,  125  m.  S.S.W.  Tobolsk.  P. 
2,000. 

Jamaica,  one  of  the  great  Antilles,  & 
the  principal  of  the  British  W.  India  isl., 
between  lat.  17°40'&  18°  30' N-l  &  Ion. 
76°  15'  &  78°  25'  W.,  about  100  m.  S. 
Cuba.  L.  150  m.,  av.  br.  40  m.  Area, 
4,250  sq.  m.  P.  377,433,  of  whom  15,776 
were  whites,  68,529  colored,  293,128 
black.  The  blue  mountains  traverse  the 
whole  length  of  the  island,  varying  iii 
elev.  from  5,000  to  6,000  feet.  The  island 
is  well-watered.  Principal  rivers,  the 
Minho,  Black  river,  &  Cobre.  Soil 
naturally  less  productive  than  in  many 
of  the  "W.  India  islands  ;  but  most  of  the 
staple  products  of  tropical  climates  are 
raised,  sugar  being  the  chief.    Principal 


400 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OB^    GKOGRAPHV. 


[jap 


^. 


ports,  Kingston,  Montego  bay,  &  Fal- 
mouth. Cap.  Spanish-town.  Jamaica  is 
divided  into  3  cos.,  Middlesex,  Surrey,  & 
Cornwall.  Government  vested  in  a  gov- 
ernor, &  a  council  of  12  members,  nom- 
inated by  the  crown,  &  a  legislative  as- 
sembly of  45  members,  2  elected  by 
every  pa.,  &  one  by  each  of  the  chief 
towns.  Public  reveriue  &  expenditure, 
annual  average,  500,000Z. 

Jamaica,  t.,    Windham    co.  Vt.      P. 

1,586. II.  p-t..  Queens  co.  N.Y.    L.  I. 

railroad  passes  through  the  village.  P. 
4,247. 

Jambi,  a  town  of  Sumatra,  on  rt.  b.  of 
the  Jambi  river.     P.  3,U00. 

Jambootee,  a  fortified  town  of  Brit- 
ish India,  presid.  Bombay. 

Jamburg,  a  town  of  Kussia,  gov. 
S.W.  St.  Petersburg,  on  the  Luga.  P. 
1,500. 

James  (Bay),  a  wide  gulf  of  Hudson 
sea,  British  N.  A*mer.,  on  its  S.  side.  L. 
280  m.,  br.  150  m. 

James  Bayou,  t.,  Scott  co.  Mo. 

James  City,  S.  CO.  Ya.  Area,  ISOsq. 
m.     Cap.  Williamsburg.     P.  4,424. 

II.  {Fort  James),  two  British  stations, 

W.  Africa. III.  (Island),  one  of  the 

Gralapagos  isls.,  Pacific  ocean,  12  m.  N.E. 
Albemarle  island,  50  m.  in  length  by  20 
m.  across. — James  &  Jameson  are  isl'ds 
of  New  S.  Shetland,  S.  Paeifio  ocean. 

James  River,  Virginia,  is  formed  in 
the  Alleghany  mountains,  whence  it  has 
an  E.  course  of  300  m.  to  Chesapeake  bay. 
James  river  is  navigable  for  40-gun 
ships  to  Jamestown,  32  m.  from  its 
mouth,  &  for  vessels  of  120  tons  to  near 
Richmond. 

James  (St.),  a  river  of  Lower  Canada, 
dist.  Quebec. —  Cape  St.  James  is  the  S. 
exttemity  of  Queen  Charlotte  sound, 
British  N.  America. 

James  (St.),  a  British  fort  of  Sene- 
gambia,  on  a  small  island  of  the  Gambia, 
25  m.  from  Its  inouth. 

James  (St.),  a  comm.  &  t.  of  France, 
dep.  Manche.     P.  1,989. 

Jamestown,  p-v.,  Chautauque  co. 
N.  T.,  on  the  outlet  of  Chautauque  lake. 

II.  the  first  settlement  made  by  the 

English  in  the  U.  States,  Va.,  18  m.  S.W. 
Williamsburg.     It  is  now  in  ruins. 

III.  p-v.,   cap.    Fentress   co.  Tenn. 

IV.  p-v.,  cap.   Bussel  co.  Ky. V.  the 

cap.  town,  &  seaport  of  St.  Helena,  is  a 
narrow  ravine  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  the 
isl.     It  has  a  well-protected  harbor. 

Jamghaut,  is  a  remarkable  pass 
across  the  Vindhyan  mountains,  with  an 
elev.  of  2,328  feet. 


Jamnitz,  a  town  of  Moravia,  with 
silver  &  lead  mines.     P.  1,440. 

Jamrood,  a  small  town  of  Affghanis- 
tan. 

JAMS.E,  a  market  town  of  Finland. 
P.  LOOO. 

Jamu,  a  town  of  the  PunJE^b.  P. 
8,000. 

Jamushli,  a  large  vill.  of  Turkish 
Armenia,  on  the  river  Kars. 

Jan  (St.),  a  small  island  of  Danish  W. 
Indies,  1  m.  B.  St.  Thomas.  Area,  42 
sq.  m.  P.  2,560.  Only  town,  Christians- 
borg.     P.  120. 

Janik,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor,  on  the 
Yeshil-lrmak. 

Janjero,  a  country  of  N.E.  Africa,  S. 
of  Abyssinia.     Principal  town,  Janjero. 

Janjowla,  a  town  of  India,  Deccan. 

Jan-Mayen,  an  island  of  the  Arctic 
ocean. 

Janopol,  a  market  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  gov.  Vilna.     P.  1,500. 

Janov,  several  market  towns  of  Rus- 
sian Poland. 

Janow.  several  towns  of  Poland. 

I.    prov.   &   37   m.   S.S.W.   Lublin.     P. 

2,000. II.  Austrian  Poland,  Galicia, 

on  a  lake,  with  921  inhab. III.  on  an 

island  in  the  Sered.     P.  1,000. 

Jantra,  a  river  of  European  Tu.rkey, 
Bulgaria.     L.  75  m. 

Januchov  &  Januchpol,  two  market 

towns  of  Russian  Poland. 1,  gov.  & 

70  m.  N.W.  Vilna.— —II.  gov.  Volhynia. 
P.  2,000. 

Janze,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
lUe-et-Vilaine.     P.  4,304. 

Japan,  an  empire  of  E.  Asia,  com- 
prising the  islands  'Niphon,  Kiusiu, .  & 
Sikokf,  with  the  dependencies  Yesso,  the 
S.  part  of  Tarakai  or  Saghalien,  &  many 
smaller  islands,  situated  between  lat.  26° 
35'  &  49°  N.,  &  Ion.  129°  &  150°  E.,  hav- 
ing W.  the  strait  of  Corea,  &  soa  of  Ja- 
pan, &  on  other  sides  the  Pacific  ocean. 
Area,  266,500  sq.  m.  P.  25  to  50  millions. 
The  mountains  Fusi  &  Siro- Jama  in  Ni- 
phon are  active  volcanoes,  &  rise  respec- 
tively to  12,000  &  8,000  feet  above  the 
sea,  &  snow  clad.  Rivers  numerous,  & 
generally  wide  at  their  mouths,  but 
their  courses  are  short  &  not  navigable 
for  many  miles  inland.  Of  the  lakes, 
the  principal  appears  to  be  Fakoui,  re- 
garded by  the  Japanese  with  supersti- 
tious reverence.  The  interior  of  Japan, 
however,  remains  quite  unexplored  by 
Europeans.  Some  trade  is  suffered  with 
Chinese  merchants,  who  bring  broad- 
cloths &  other  woollen  stuffs  to  Nanga- 
sakij  in  return  for  sea-slug,  copper,  & 


-^**»>fmM 


JAU] 


UKIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


401 


lacquered  wares ;  &  the  Dutcli  are  per- 
mitted to  send  annually  2  ships  to  the 
same  port.  Two  centuries  of  peace  have 
elevated  the  civilization  of  the  Japanese 
over  all  other  extra-European  nations 
of  the  old  world.  The  government  is 
despoiric,  &  like  some  others  in  Asia,  is 
shared  by  ecclesiastical  &  military  sov- 
ereigns. Japan  is  divided  into  8  provs.. 
68  deps.,  &  622  dists.  The  laws  ar6  very 
rigorous ;  many  popular  rights  &  cus- 
toms, however,  appear  to  exist,  &  the 
Japanese  are  certainly  less  corruptly 
governed,  &  less  shackled  by  ancient 
usages  than  the  Chinese.  The  Japan- 
ese are  of  the  Mongolian  race,  &  are 
stout  &  well  made.  They  have  a  writ- 
ten literature,  some  science,  &  a  taste 
for  music.  The  U.  S.  are  now  fitting  out 
an  expedition  to  establish  commercial 
relations  with  this  empire. 

Japaba,  a  Dutch  residency,  on  the 
]Sr.  coast  of  the  island  of  Java.  P.  400,- 
000. — Cap.  Japara,  a  town  on  the  W. 
coast. 

Jahafijel,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Va- 
leijcia.     P.  2,102. 

Jaragua,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov. 
Croyaz,   situated   on  the  small  river  of 

same  name.     P.  2,500. II.  one  of  the 

best  frequented  seaports  in  the  prov. 
Alagoas,  Brazil. 

Jaraiz  &  Jarandilla,  2  small  towns 
of  Spain,  prov.  Caceres. 

Jardines,  two  groups  of  islets  &  rocks 
off  the  N.  &  S.  coasts  of  Cuba. 

Jarensk,  or  Jaransk,  two  towns  of 

Russia. 1,  gov.  Viatka,  on  the  Jaran. 

P.  4,750. II.   gov.   Vologda,    on  the 

Idrenga.     P.  1,000. 

Jargeau,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Loiret,  on  the  Loire.     P.  1,452. 

Jablsberg-Laurwig,  an  amt.  or  dist. 
of  Norway,  stift.  Aggershuus.  Area, 
853  sq.  m.     P.  54,870. 

Jarmello,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov. 
Beira.     P.  2,750. 

Jarnac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Charente,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Charente. 
P.  2,388. 

Jaroczyn,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
40  m.  S.E.  Posen.     P.  1,500. 

Jasomehitz,  a  town  of  Moravia,  on 
the  Jaromirzka.     P.  2,040. 

Jaromirz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Aupa  with  the  Elbe. 
P.  3,490. 

Jaroslavl,  a  gov.  of  European  Rus- 
sia, near  its  centre.  Area,  14,025  sq.  m. 
P.  1,008,100.  Surface  level,  &  in  many 
parts  marshy.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Volga. 


Jaroslavl,  a  city  of  Russia,  cap.  gov. 
same  name,  on  the  Volga,  160  m.  N.E. 
Moscow.  P.  25,000.  It  is  enclosed  by  a 
palisade,  &  pretty  well  biiilc. 

Jaroslaw,  a  town  of  Austrian  Po- 
land, Galicia,  on  the  San.     P.  3,380. 

Jareow,  a  vill.  of  England,  co.  Dur- 
ham, on  the  Tyne. 

Jarun,  a  town  of  Persia,  prov.  Fars, 
100  m.  S.S.E.  Shiraz.     P.  4,000. 

Jarvis  Channel,  an  inlet  of  the  gulf 
of  Georgia,  Oregon  territory. 

Jahze,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Maine-et-Loire.     P.  1,780. 

Jask,  a  maritime  town  of  Persia,  prov. 
Kirman,  on  the  Indian  ocean. 

Jasliska,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia.     P.  2,000. 

Jaslo,  a  royal  free  town  of  Austrian 
Poland,  Galicia.     P.  1,950. 

Jasper,  a  central  co.  Ga.     Area,  480 

sq.  m.     Cap:  Monticello.     P.  11,486. ■ 

II.  S.E.  CO.  Miss.    Area.,  650  sq.  m.    Cap. 

Paulding.    P.  6, 184. III.  N.W.  co.  la. 

Cap.  Rensselaer.     Area,  980  sq.  m.     P. 

3,540. IV.  E.  CO.  111.    Area,  475  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Newton.     P.  3,220. V.  a  S.W.  co. 

Mo.    Area,  980  sq.  m.    Cap.  Jasper.    P. 

4,223. VI.  a  co.  Texas.     Cap.  Jasper. 

P.  1.767. VII.  p-t.,  Steuben  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  1,749. VIII.  p-v.,  cap.  Walker  co. 

Ala. IX.  p-v.,  cap.  Marion  co.  Tenn. 

X.  cap.  Hamilton  co.  Florida. XI. 

p-v.,  cap.  Dubois  co.  la. XII.  p-v., 

cap.  Jasper  co. XIII.  co.  la.  P.  1,280. 

Jasteow,  a  town,  W.  Prussia.   P.  3,750. 

Jasz-Apathi,  a  market  town  of  Cen- 
tral Hungary.     P.  8,800. 

Jasz-Bereny,  a  market  town  of'W. 
Hungary,  cap.  dist.  Jazygia,  on  both 
sides  the  Zagyva.     P.  17,582. 

Jauer,  town,  Pruss.  Silesia,  on  r.  b.  of 
the  Neisse,  10  m.  S.E.  Liegnitz.    P.6,500. 

Jaueenick,  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia, 
52  m.  N.W.  Troppau.     P.  1,900. 

Jauja,  a  river  &  town  of  N.  Peru.  The 
river  400  m.  long,  lower  part  called  the 
Mantaro.  The  town,  dep.  Junin,  cap. 
prov.,  125  m.  E.  Lima.  "" 

Jaujac,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ardeche,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Alignon.     P.  2,270. 

Jaulda,  town,  Br.  India,  pres.  Bengal. 

Jaulnah,  a  town  of  India,  Deccan, 
Nizam's  dom. 

Jaulnay,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France",  dep.  Vienne.     P.  1,580, 

Jaumnier,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  Gwa- 
lior  dom.,  on  the  Taptee. 

Jauziees,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Fraijce, 
dep.  B.  Alpes.     P.  1,880. , 

Java,  the  principal  of  the  Dutch  East 


402 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[jEB 


India  islands,  between  lat.  5°  52'  &  8° 
50'  S.,  &  Ion.  105°  15'  E.,  separated  E. 
from  Bali  by  the  strait  of  Bali,  &  W.  from 
Sumatra  by  the  strait  of  Sunda.  L.  570 
m.;  br.  varies  from  48  to  115  m.  Bstim. 
area,  including  the  contiguous  island  of 
Madura,  50,000  sq.  m.  P.  9,530,781 ;  of 
these,  16,000  are  Europeans  &  their  de- 
scendants. A  mountain  chain  extends 
through  the  centre  from.  W.  to  E.,  with 
a  mean  elevation  of  1,000  feet.  Rice  is 
the  principal  grain.  Coffee  is  the  great 
staple  of  export.  Few  minerals  are  known 
to  exist,  but  iron,  salt,  sulphur,  &  nitre, 
are  obtained.  Manufs.  of  cotton  fabrics, 
&  other  household  necessaries  are  gene- 
ral. Trade  with  Holland  absorbs  5-7ths 
of  the  whole.  Batavia,  the  cap.,  is  the 
centre  of  at  least  half  of  the  genei:al  trade. 
Gov.  administered  by  a  governor  general, 
assisted  by  a  secretary  general,  &  a  coun- 
cil of  4  members,  of  Dutch  descent.  Java 
is  divided  into  22  residencies.  The  Java- 
nese are  of  the  Malay  family,  are  short, 
thick-set,  &  robust.  They  are  superior 
in  civilization  to  other  nations  of  the 
Indian  archipelago. 

Java,  p-t.,  cap.  Wyoming  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
2,245. 

Java  (Sea  of),  is  that  part  of  Pacific 
ocean  having  E.  the  strait  of  Macassar 
&  spa  of  Flores,  S.  Java  &  Bali,  N.  Bor- 
neo, &  W.  Sumatra. 

Javana,  a  town  on  N.  coast  of  Java. 

Javhon,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Mayenne.     P.  2,528. 

Jaworow,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia.     P.  3,985. 

Jawud,  a  large  town  of  Hindostan,  78 
m.  B.  Odeypoor. 

Jaxartes,  a  large  river.  Independent 
Turkestan.     L.  900  m. 

Jaxt,  a  river,  Wlirtemberg.    L.  80  m. 

Jay,  E.  CO.  la.    Area,  870  sq.  m.  Cap. 

Portland.     P.  7,147. II.  t.,  Franklin 

CO.  Me.     P.  1,733. III.  p-t.,  Essex  co. 

Vti IV.  Jay,  c.  H.,  p-v.,  Iowa. 

Jayghuh,  a  marit.  town  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Bombay. 

Jayne  (San),  or  S.  Jaime,  a  town  of 
S.  Amer.,  Venezuela,  dep.  Apure,  on  the 
Portuguesa.     P.  7,000. 

Jazlowiec,  a  mkt.  town  of  Austrian 
Poland,  Galicia.     P.  2,100. 

Jean  (St.),  numerous  comms.,  towns, 

&  vills.  of  France. 1.  {J.  Bonnefond), 

dep.  Loire,  3  m.  N.E.   St.  Etieniie.     P. 

4,880. II.  {J.   d'Angely),  dep.   Cha- 

rente  Inf.,  cap.  arrond.,  on  the  navigable 

river   Boutonne.     5,443   inhabs. III. 

(.7.  de  Boisseau),  dep.  Loire  Inf.,  on  the 
Loire.    P.  2,570. IV.  {de  Bournay), 


dep.  Isere,  cap.  cant.,  12  m.  E.  Vienne.  P. 

3,492. V.  (J.  de  Brevelay),  dep.  Mor- 

bihan,  cap.  cant.,  near  the  Claye,  having 

2,230  inhabs. VI.  (J.  de  Fos),  dep.  & 

near  the  Herault.     P.  1,540. VII.  {J. 

de  Liversay),  dep.  Charente  Inf.,  15  m. 

N.E.  La  Kochelle.     P.  2,230. VIII. 

(J.  de  Losne,  also  called  Belle  Defense), 
dep.  COte-d'Or,  cap.  cant.,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 

SaOne.     P.  2,134. IX.    {J.  de   Luz), 

dep.  "B.  Pyrenees,  cap.  cant.,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Nivelle,  11  m.  S.W.  Bay- 

onne.     P.  2,124. X.  (J",  de  Marsacq), 

dep.   Landes.     P.    1,264. XI.    (J",   de 

Mont),  dep.  Vendee,  cap.  cant.,  near  the 

Atlantic.    P.  3,680. XII.  {J.  des  01- 

lieres),  dep.    Puy-de-DOme,   13   m.   S.E. 

Clermont-Ferrand.     P.   2,490. XIII. 

(./.  de  Valeriscle),  dep.  Gard,  on  the  Au- 

zonnet.     1,880   inhabs. XIV.    (J.  du 

Bruel),  dep.  Aveyron,  14  m.  B.S.E.  Mil- 

hau.     P.   1,449. XV.    (J",  du  Doigt), 

dep.  Finistere,  9  m.  N.E.    Morlaix.     P. 

1,402. XVI.  {J.  du  Gard),  dep.  Gard, 

on  the  Gordon  d'Anduze.     P.  2,865. 

XVII.    (J.-en-Royans),  dep.  Drome,  on 

rt.  b.  of  the  Lionne.   P.  2,710. XVIII. 

{J.  la  Bussilre),  dep.  Rhone.     P.  1,770. 

XIX.  {J.  le  Vieux),  dep.  Ain,  on  the 

Oiselon.    P.  1,590. XX.  {J.  Pied-de 

port),  dep.  B.  Pyrenees,  cap.  cant.,  on  the 
Nive,  44  m.  W.S.W.  Pau.     1,798  inhabs. 

XXI.    (J.   Soleymieux),  dep.  Loire, 

cap.   cant.,  arr.    Montbrison.     P.   1,390. 

XXII.  (X  sur  Mayenne),  dep.  &  on 

the  Mayenne.    P.  1,490. 

Jean  (St.),  several  mkt.  towns  of  Sa- 

v6y. 1.  (d'Arves),  prov.  St.  Jean  de 

Mauriemie.     P.  1,951. II.  (d'Aulph), 

prov.  Chablais,   13  m.  S.E.  Thonon.     P. 

2,258. III.  {de  Belleville)  prov.   Ta- 

rantaise,   4    m.    S.S.W.    Moutiers.      P. 

1,411.- IV.  (de  Maurienne),  a(.town, 

cap.  prov.,  on  the  Arc.     P.  3,084. 

Jean  Babel,  a  marit.  town  of  Hayti, 
near  N.W.  extrem.,  with  a  barb.,  N.E. 
C.  St.  Nicholas. 

Jeba,  or  Geba  (Script.  G-ibeah),  a  vill. 
of  Palestine,  6  m.  N.N.E.  Jerusalem. 

Jebail,  a  marit.  town  of  Syria,  pash. 
&  28  m.  S.W.  Tripoli. 

Jebel,  a  prov.  of  Arabia,  Nedjed, 
nearly  in  its  centre. 

Jeb-el,  is  the  Arabic  name  for  numer- 
ous mountains,  &c.,  in  the  East,  some  of 

the   principal  being, 1.  (Jeb-el-Akh- 

dar),  Arabia,  Oman,  dom.  &  S.W.  Muscat. 
Elev.  6,000  feet. II.  {Akrab),  N.  Sy- 
ria, immediately   S.W.    Antioch.     Elev. 

5,318  ft. III.    {Arab),  Arabia,   near  ^ 

its  S.W.  extremity. IV.    {Habarid), 

S.E.  coast  of  Arabia.    Elev.  4,000  feet. 


jek] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


403 


V.   (Kharay),    S.E.    Arabia.     Elev. 

2,085  ft. VI.  (Manhali),  S.E.Arabia. 

VII.  {Mokatteb),  Arabia-Petrsea,  40 

m.  N.W.  Mount  Sinai. VIII.  {Mukat- 

tem),  a  hilly  range,  Egypt,  extending  for 

25   m.    E.-ward  from  the    Nile. IX. 

(Nimrud),     Turiiish     Armenia,     is      a 

prolongation    of    Mount    Taurus. X. 

(Nour),    Arabia,    Hedjaz,   near    Mecca. 

XI.  (Serbal),    Arabia-Petrasa,  near 

Mount   Horeb.     Elev.  6,760  ft. XII. 

{Soghair),  an  isl..  Red  sea,  35  m.  N.W. 

Mocha.     L.  &  br.  about  14  m.  each. 

XIII.  (Suada),  a  mountain,  W.  Arabia, 

between    Yembo    &    Buddah. XIV. 

(Tar,  ane.  Combusta),  a  volcanic  isl., 
Red  sea. XV.  (Tur),  a  vill,  of  Pales- 
tine, on  the  Mt.  of  Olives,  J  m.  E.  Jeru- 
salem.  XVI.  (Tyh),  a  long  mountain 

chain  stretching  across  the  peninsula  of 
Sinai,  from  the  gulf  of  Suez  to  that  of 
Akabah. 

Jebeliyah,  the  most  E.  of  the  Curia 
Muria  isls.,  off  the  S.E.  coast  of  Arabia. 
Jebenhausen,  a  vill.  of  Wiirtemberg, 
circ.  Danube,  S.  Goppingen.     P.  1,153. 

Jebi,  a  small  town  of  Arabia,  Ye- 
men. 

Jedburgh,  a  town  of  Scotland,  cap.  co. 
Roxburgh,  on  the  Jed,  near  the  Cheviot 
hills,  40  m.  S.E.  Edinburgh.  The  town 
consists  chiefly  of  4  principal  streets,  in- 
tersecting each  other  at  right  angles.  P. 
3,614. 

Jeevun,  &  Jeend,  two  towns  of  Hin- 
dostan ;  the  former,  E.  Odeypoor ;  the 
latter,  presid.  Bengal,  Upp.  provs. 

Jefferson,  N.  co.  N.  Y.     Area,  1,125 

sq.  m.     Cap.  Watertown.     P.  68,153. 

II.  N.W.  CO.  Pa.   Area,  1,200  sq.  m.    Cap. 

Brookville.  '  P.  12,957. III.  N.E.  co. 

Va.     Area,  225  sq.  m.     Cap.  Charleston. 

P.  15,357. IV.  E.  CO.  Ga.     Area,  660 

sq.  m.    Cap.  Louisville.     P.  9,131. V. 

a  central  co.  Fla.    Area,  712  sq.  m.    Cap. 

Monticello.     P.  7,718. VI.  central  co. 

Ala.     Area,   1,040  sq.  m.     Cap.  Elyton. 

P.  8,989. VII.  S.W.  CO.  Miss.     Area, 

630  sq.  m.   Cap.  Fayette.   P.  13,193. 

VIII.  S.E.  pa.  La.   Area,  720  sq.  m.   Cap. 

Lafayette.   P.  25,091. IX.  E.  co.  Tenn. 

Area,  356  sq.  m.     Cap.  Dandridge.      P. 

13,204. X.  N.  CO.  Kv.     Area,  504  sq. 

m.     Cap.  Louisville.     P.  59,831. XL 

E.  CO.  Ohio.   Area,  396  sq.  m.    Cap.  Steu- 

benville.     P.  29,132. XII.  S.E.  co.  la. 

cap.  Madison.  Area,  360  sq.  m.  P.  23,916. 

XIII.  S.  CO.  111.     Area,  576  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Mt.  Vernon.     P.  8,109. XIV.  E. 

CO.  Mo.    Cop.  Hillsboro'.  Area,  500  sq.  m. 

P.  6,928. XV.  S.E.  CO.  Ark.   Cap.  Pine 

Bluffs.    Area,  1,180  sq.  m. XVI.  S.  co. 


Wis.     Area,  576  sq.  m.     Cap.  Jefferson. 

P.  15,317. XVII.  S.W.  CO.  Iowa.  Area, 

380  sq.  m.    Cap.  Fairfield.    P.  9,904. ■ 

XVm.  CO.  Texas.     P.  1,836. XIX.  t,, 

Lincoln  co.  Me.     P.  2,225. XX.  p-t., 

Schoharie  co.  N.  Y.    P.  2,033. XXI.  t., 

Morris  co.  N.  J.   P.  1,412. XXII.  p-t., 

Greene  co.  Pa.     P.  1,295. XX  [II.  t., 

Alleghany  co.  Pa.     P.  1,779. XXIV. 

t.,  Fayette  co.  Pa.    P.  1,316. -XXV.  t,, 

Franklin  co.  Ohio.     P.  1,040. XXVI. 

t.,  Lafayette  co.  0.    P.  1,949. XXVII. 

t.,  Logan  CO.  0.     P.  1,527. XXVIII. 

t.,  Montgomery  CO.  0.  P.  1,895. XXIX. 

t.,  Muskingum  co.  0.    P.  1,369. XXX. 

t.,  Preble  co.  0. XXXI.  t.,  Richland 

CO.  0.     P.  2,325. XXXII.  t.,  Putnam 

CO.  ia.     P.  1,129. XXXIII.  p-v.,  cap. 

Ashe  CO.  N.  C. XXXIV.  p-v.,  cap.  of 

Jackson  co.  Ga. XXXV.  p-v.,  cap.  of 

Cherokee  co.  Ala. XXXVI.  p-t.,  cap. 

Jefferson  co.  Wis.  P.  550. XXXVTI.  t., 

Monroe  co.  Mo.    P.  1,507. XXXVIII. 

t.,  Cole  CO.  Mo.    P.  2,043. =XXXIX.  t., 

Switzerland  co.  Ia.     P.  2,068. XL.  t., 

Wayne  co.  Ia.     P.  1,289. XLI.  t.,  Se- 
vier CO.  Ark.     P.  300. 

Jefferson  City,  cap.  of  the  state  of 
Mo.,  on  the  Mo.  river.     P.  1,200. 

Jeffersonton,  p-v.,  cap.  Camden  co. 
Ga.  ; 

Jeffersonville,  p-v.,  Clark  co.  Ia. 
P.  800. 

Jefremov,  a  town  of  Russia,  78  m. 
S.E.  Tula,  on  the  Metscha.     P.  7,366. 

Jefterevskaia,  a  mkt.  town  of  S. 
Russia,  Don-Cossack  country,  on  the 
Medvieditza.     P.  1,000. 

Jeghbderpoor,  a  town  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

Jegorjbvsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  N.W. 
Riazan.     P.  1,106. 

Jegun,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gers,  cap.  cant.     P.  2,131. 

Jehanabad,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  pre- 
sid. Bengal.    P.  5,000. 

Jehol,  a  town  of  China,  prov.  Chi-li, 
115  m.  N.E.  Peking. 

Jbhoshaphat- (Valley  of),  Palestine, 
is  a  mountain  gorge,  immediately  N.E. 
the  city  of  Jerusalem,  its  lower  part  form- 
ing the  bed  of  the  brook  Kedron.  In  the 
valley  is  also  the  reputed  site  of  the  gar- 
den of  Gethsemane. 

Jeitpore,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  Bun- 
delcund. 

Jeja,  a  town  of  Seistan,  Affghanistan. 
Jejurry,  a  town  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid. Bombay. 

Jekaterininskaja,  two  market  towns    tc 

of  Russia. 1.  Don-Cossack  country,  on 

the  Donetz.  P.  1,000. II.gov.  Koursk. 


404 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[jER 


— Jekaterininskoi  is  a  market  town,  gov. 
&  N.E.  Viatka. 

Jekaterinopol,  a  mkt.  town  of  Eus- 
sia,  lOJ  m.  ft.  KLev.     P.  1,000. 

Jekimania,  a  market  town  of  Russia, 
gov .  &  63  m.  W.N.W.  Vitebsk,  on  the 
Diina.    P.  1,000. 

Jelabuga,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  & 
210  m.  S.S.E.  Viatka,  cap.  circ,  on  the 
Kama.     P.  3,732. 

Jelalabad,  a  town  of  Affghanistan, 
in  a  fertile  plain,  near  the   Oabool  river, 

78   m-.    E.N.B.  Cabool.     P.  3,000. II. 

formerly  Dooshak,  a  city  of  Seistan,  S.W. 
Afighanistan,  near  the  river  Helmund. 
Estim.  p.  10,000. — Jelalabad  is  the  name 
of  several  towns,  Brisish  presid.  Agra. 

Jelalapoor,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

Jelania,  a  cape  of  European  Russia, 
gov.  Archangel,  forming  the  N.E.  ex- 
tremity of  Novaia  Zemlia. 

Jelatom,  a  town  of  Russia,  158  m. 
N.  Tambov,  cap.  circ,  on  the  Oka.  P. 
5,000. 

Jelenka,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  10 
m.  S.S.W.  Starodub.     P.  1,000. 

Jeletz,  a  city  of  Russia,  112  m.  E.S.E. 
Orel.  cap.  circ,  on  the  Soma.    P.  25,880. 

Jellasohe,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

Jelling,  a  vill.  of  Denmark,  N.  Jut- 
land, 5  m.  N.W.  Weile. — Jelsuvi  is  a 
vill.,  Netherlands,  prov.  Friesland. 

Jellingby,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  pre- 
sid. Bengal. 

Jelnia,  a  town  of  Russia,  43  m.  E.S.E. 
Smolensk,  on  the  Desna.     P.  2,016. 

Jelpesh,  a  town  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid. Bengal. 

Jelpigory,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

Jelpy  -  AuMNAiR,  a  town  of  India, 
Deccan,  Gwalior  dom. 

Jelsi,  a  town  of  S.  Italy,  Naples,  prov. 
Molise. 

Jemanlabad,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras,  near  the  W.  Ghauts. 

Jemarru,  a  territory  of  W.  Africa, 
Senegambia,  S.  of  the  Gambia  riv. 

Jemeppe,  &  Jemmepes,  two  vills.  of 

Belgium. 1,   on   the  Sambre. II. 

on  the  Meuse.     P.  1,700. 

Jemgum,  a  mkt.  town  &  river  port  of 
Hanover.     P.  1,230. 

Jemm  (El),  a  ruined  city  of  N.  Africa, 
dom.  &  115  m.  S.S.E.  Tunis. 

Jemmapes,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Bel- 
gium, prov.  Hainault,  on  the  Haine  river. 
P.  4,670.  The  scene  of  a  French  victory 
over  thp  Austrians. 

Jena,    a  town  of  Central  Germany, 


duchy  Saxe-Weimar,  cap.  dist.,  on  the 
Saale.  P.  6,267.  The  university,  built 
1558,  has  60  professors  &  teachers,  &  a 
library  of  100,000  vols.  Here  on  14th  Oct. 
1806,  the  grand  French  nrmy  under 
Niipoleon  totally  defeated  the  Prus^^iana 
under  their  king  &  the  Duke  of  Bruns- 
wick. 

Jenatz,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Grisons,  on  the  Lanquart. 

Jendialeh,  a  town  of  the  Punjab. 

Jendoul,  a  town  of  Affghanistan,  near 
its  N.E.  frontier. 

Jendovichtska,  a  mkt.  town  of  Rus- 
sia, near  the  Don.     P.  1,1)00. 

Jenikau,  a  market  town  of  Bohemia. 

Jenin,  a  town,  Palestine,  pash.  Da- 
mascus.    P.  2,000. 

Jenne,  a  considerable  town  of  Sene- 
gambia, state  Masima,  on  an  ishxnd  form- 
ed by  the  Joliba,  &  one  of  its  affls. 

Jenner,  t.,  Somerset  co.  Pa.    P.  1,496. 

Jennings,  S.E.  co.  la.  Area,  380  sq. 
m.     Cap.  Vernon.     P.  12,096. 

Jeno,  two  market  towns  of  S.E.  Hun- 
gary, CO.  Arad,  on  the  White-Koros. • 

I.  (Boros  J.)  28  m.  N.E.  Aran.  P.  1,608. 

II.    (KisJ.),  28  m.  N.N.E.   Arad. 

P.  1,739. — Jeno  Dios  is  a  vill.,  co  Neo- 
grad.     P.  1,336. 

Jeoire  (St.),  a  mkt.  town  of  Savoy. 
P.  1,789. 

Jepee,  a  town  of  Europ.  Turkey,  Bos- 
nia, on  the  Bosna. 

Jepitan,  a  town  of  Russia,  49  m.  S.E. 
Tula,  on  the  Don.  P.  1,900. — Jepetanovka 
is  a  market  town,  gov.  Voroniej. 

Jequitinhonha,  a  river  of  Brazil. 

Jerahi,  a  river  of  Persia,  prov.  Khu- 
zistan. 

Jerba,  an  island  of  N.  Africa,  dom. 
Tunis,  in  the  gulf  of  Cabes.  L.  22  m. ; 
b.  14  m. 

Jeremie,  a  seaport  town  of  Hayti,  on 
its  S.W.  penins.,  125  m.  W.  Port  Republi- 
cain.     P.  5,000.(7) 

Jericho,  a  city  of  Palestine,  famed  in 
Scripture  history,  &  now  represented  by 
the  miserable  vill.  of  Eriha,  near  the  N. 
extremity  of  the  Dead  sea,  15  m.  E.N.E. 

Jerusalem. II.  t.,  Chittenden  co.  Vt. 

P.  1,837. 

Jerichow,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
30  m.  N.N.E.  Magdeburg,  on  the  Elbe. 
P.  1,620. 

Jerim,  a  town  of  Arabia  Yemen,  78 
m.  S.  Sana. 

Jersey,  the  largest  &  most  S.E  of  the 
islands  belonging  to  Great  Britain,  in  S. 
of  the  English  channel,  13  m.  W.  the 
coast  of  France  (Cotentin),  &  35  m.  S. 
Portland- isl.     L.   12  m. ;  av.  b.  5  m.     P. 


jid] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


406 


47,544.  Coasts  rocky  &  abrupt.  It  has 
its  own  legislature,  the  "states"  or  insu- 
lar parliament  consisting  of  36  members, 

chosen  by  the  inhabitants. II.  W.  co. 

111.  Ar,ea,  300  sq.  m.  Cap.  Jerseyville. 
P.  7,354. 

Jbesey  City,  p-v.,  Hudson<!o.  N.  J.; 
opposite  to  New  York,  with  which  it  is 
connected  by  steamboats.    P.  6,856. 

Jerseyville,  cap.  Jersey  co.  111. 

Jerumenha,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov. 
Piauhi,  on  right  b.  of  the  Gorguea.  P. 
3,000. 

Jerusalem,  a  famous  city  of  Pales- 
tine, interesting  as  the  seat  of  the  most 
important  events  described  in  Holy  Writ, 
is  now  comprised  in  the  Turkish  pash. 
Damascus,  &  near  the  centre  of  the  moun- 
tain region,  between  the  Mediterranean 
&  the  Dead  sea,  33  m.  S.E.  its  port,  Jaffa, 
&  2,660  feet  above  the  sea.  Lat.  31°  46' 
43"  N.,  &  Ion.  35°  13'  E.     P.  18,000.— 

II.  p-t.,  Yates  CO.  N.  Y.     P.  2,912. 

III.  p-v.,  cap.  Southampton  co.  Va. 

IV.  a  t.  of  Poland,  gov.  &  38  m.  E.S.E. 
Warsaw. 

Jervis  (Bay),  New  South  Wales,  9  m. 
in  length  &  breadth,  &  affords  a  good  an- 
chorage.— (Cape),  S.  Australia,  bounds 
Spencer  gulf  on  the  W.  side  of  its  en- 
trance.— Jervis,  Pacific  ocean,  is  in  lat. 
0°  23'  S.,  Ion.  169°  52  W. 

Jesberg,  avill.  of  Germany,  Hessen- 
Cas.sel,  25  m.  S.W.  Cassel.     P.  1,280. 

Jesi,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Esina.     P.  16,100.     ' 

Jesmond,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
Northumberland.     P.  1,725. 

Jesrod,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  67  m. 
N.  Amritsir. 

Jessamine,  a  central  co.  Ky.  Area, 
256  sq.m.   Cap.  Nieholasville.    P.  10,249. 

Je^selmere,  one  of  the  five  principal 
Rajpoot  states  of  W.  Hindostan.  Area, 
9,779  sq.  m.  P.  300,000.  {'l)—Jesselmere, 
is  its  only  town  of  importance  ;  it  is  138 
m.  W.N.W.  Joudpoor.  P.  .20,000.  It 
is  about  2  m.  in  circumf. 

Jessen,   a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 

on  the  Black  Elster.     P.  2,425. II.  a 

vill.  of  Saxony,  N.W.  Dresden. 

Jessnitz,  a  town  of  Central  Germany, 
Auhalt-Dessau,  on  the  Mulde.     P.  2,200. 

Jessool,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  near 
the  Indus. 

Jessore,  a  dist.  of  British  India,  prov. 
Bengal,  occupying  the  centre  of  the 
Gancjes  delta.     Area,    5,180  sq.  m.     P. 

903,000. II.    the    principal   town   of 

above  dist.,  67  m.  N.B.  Calcutta. 

Jesus  Island,  Lower  Canada,  8  m. 
N.W.  Montreal.  '  L.  23  ra.,  br.  6  m. 


Jesus  Maria,  an  island  of  the  S. 
Pacific,  E.  of  Admiralty  island. —  Cape 
Jesus  Maria,  Uruguay,  40  m.  N.W. 
Monte  Video. 

Jettingen,  a  vill.  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Mindel.     P.  1,631. 

Jeure  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Loire.     P.  2,758. 

Jev,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Es- 
thonia.  P.  1,500. — Jeve  is  a  mkt:  town, 
18  m.  W.N.W.  Vihia. 

Jever,  a  town  of  N.  Germany,  33  m. 
N.N.W.  Oldenburg.     P.  3,361. 

Jewala-Muki,  a  town  of  Hindostan, 
&  famous  place  of  Hindoo  pilgrimage. 
P.  3,000. 

Jewett  City,  p-v.,  N.  L.  co.  Conn.  P. 
1,000. 

Jeypoor,  one  of  the  five  principal  Raj- 
poot states  of  Hindostan,  tributary  to  the 
British. — Jeypoor,  a  city  &  cap.,  above 
state,  in  a  barren  valley,  148  m.  S.W. 
Delhi.     P.  60,000. 

Jezirat-Faroun,  a  small  island  of 
Arabia-Petreea,  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
gulf  of  Akabah. 

Jezirat-Hullaniyah,  the  largest  of 
the  Curia  Muria  islands,  off  the  S.E. 
coast  of  Arabia,  8  m.  in  length  by  4^  m. 
in  breadth. 

Jezireh-el-Omar,  a  town  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  130  m.  E.S.E.  Diarbekir,  on  an 
island  in  the  Tigris. 

Jezov,  a  town  of  Poland,  54  m.  S.W. 
Warsaw.     P.  3,036. 

Jezreel,  a  vill.  of  Palestine,  identi- 
fied with  the  modern  Zer'in,  23  m.  N. 
Nablous. 

Jhalawan,  a  nrov.  of  E.  Beloochistan. 
Bstim.  area,  20,000  sq.  m.     P.  30,000. 

Jhallode,  &  Jhallore,  two  towns  of 
India  ;  the  former,  79  m.  N.N.E.  Baroda ; 
the  latter,  75  m.  S.S.W.  Joudpoor. 

Jhansi,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  Bun- 
delcund,  63  m.  S.W.  Gwalior.  Its  rajah- 
ship  has  an  area  of  2,922  sq.  m.  P. 
289,000. 

Jharrah,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  Cutch. 

Jheend,  a  town  of  N.W.  Hindostan, 
75  m.  N.W.  Delhi. 

Jhonkur,  &  Jhoonjoona,  two  towns 
of  India  ;  the  former,  Gwalior  dom.,  the 
latter,  Rajpootana,  in  an  oasis  of  the 
desert. 

Jaovr,  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  prov. 
Mekran. 

JiDDAH,  a  seaport  town  &  one  of  the 
principal  trading  entrepijts  of  Arabia, 
Hedjaz,  65  m.  W.  Mecca,  of  which  it-  is 
the  port.  Stationary  p.  22,000.(7) .  The 
town  proper  is  built  of  madrepore  & 
stone. 


406 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GKOGRAPHV. 


[JOH 


JiGA-GrOUNGGAR,  a  town  of  Tibet,  45  m. 
S.W.  Lassa.     P.  20,000  families.(7) 
.    JiGONA,  a  town  of  Spain,  18  m.  N.W. 
Alicante.     P.  4,795. 

JiJELi,  a  fortified  maritime  town  of 
Algeria,  cap.  cite,  54  m.  N.W.  Constan- 
tine.     P.  1,063. 

JiKADAZE,  a  town  of  Tibet,  190  m.  W. 
Lassa.    P.  100,000.(?) 

JiLLiFHEY,  a  town  of  W.  Africa,  on  the 
N.  shore  of  the  riv.  Gambia. 

JiLoco  &  JiLON,  two  rivs.  of  Spain, 
Aragon. 

JiMzu,  a  large  vill.  of  Palestine,  15  m. 
S.E.  Jaffa. 

JiTOMin,  a  town  of  Russ.  Poland,  SO  m. 
S.W.  Kiev,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Tcherev.     P. 

2aooo. 

JizDRA,  a  town  of  Russia,  78  m.  S.W. 
Kaluga,  on  the  Jizdra.     P.  2,000. 

Joachim,  an  isl.,  Mediterranean,  one 
of  the  Columbretes  group. 

Joachim  (St.),    a   comm.   &   vill.  of 

France,   dep.   Loire  Inf.     P.  3,280. 

II.  a  vill.,  S.  America,  republic  Paraguay, 
100  m.  B.N.E.  Assompcion.  _ 

JoACHiMSTHAL,  a  free  mining  town  of 

Bohemia.     P.  4,386. II.  a  town  of 

Prussia,  prov.  Brandenburg,  35  m.  N.E. 
Berlin.     P.  1,660. 

JoAG,  a  walled  town  of  W.  Africa, 
Senegambia,  state  Kadjaaga,  Senegal. 

JoANA,  a  town  of  Java,  near  its  N. 
coast. 

JoAO-DA-Foz  (San),  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, prov.  Minho,  2  m.  W.  Oporto,  on 

rt.  b.  of  the  Douro.     P.  ,3,308. II.  J". 

das  Lambas,  prov.  Estremadura.  •  P. 
2,625. 

JoAZBiHAs,  a  small  town  of  Brazil, 
prov.  Bahia,  on  the  San  Eraneiseo. 

Job,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Puy-de-Dome.     P.  3,120. 

Job  IE,  an  isl.  of  the  E.  archipelago, 
adjacent  to  Papua,  on  the  N.  side  of  its 
great  bay.     L.  100  m. ;  br.  25  m. 

JoBLA,  a  town  of  Arabia  Yemen,  on 
a  river. 

JocKMOCK,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.  Sweden. 
P.  1,400. 

JoDAR,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  &  26  m. 
E.  Jaen,  near  the  Guadalquivir.  P.  3,614. 

Jo  Daviess,  N.W.  co.  111.  Area,  724 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Galena.     P.  18,604. 

Jodoigne,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov. 
S.  Brabant.     P.  3,112. 

Johanna,  the  central,  though  not 
largest,  of  the  Comoro  isls.,  Mazambique 
channel,  E.  Africa,  24  m.  in  length,  by 
18  m.  in  breadth,  &  having  a  central 
peak  3,800  feet  above  the  sea,  in  lat  12° 
13'  S.,  Ion.  44°  29'  E.    P.  20,000.(?)  ^ 


JoHANNESTHAL,  a  town  of  Austrian 
Silesia.     P.  2,000. 

Johann-Geokgenstadt,  a  frontier 
town  of  Saxony,  on  the  Schwarzwas'ser. 
P.  3,895. 

Johannisberg,  a  vill.  of  W.  Germany, 
duchy  Nassau,  13  m.  W.  Mayenoe. 

JoHANNiSBURG.  a  town  of  E.  Prussia, 
70  m.  S.S.W.  Gumbinnen.     P.  2,100. 

JoHANN  (St.),  a  town,  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, on  the  Saar.     P.  3,100. 

JoHANN  (St.),  numerous  vills.  of  the 

Austrian  empire. 1.  Upp.  Austria,  on 

the  Salza,  33  m.  S.  Salzburg. II.  Bo- 
hemia, circ.  &  N.  Beraun. III.  Tyrol. 

IV.  (Hungar.  Si.  Janos),  Hungary, 

CO.  &  31  ra.  N.  Presburg. 

John's,  a  r.  in  N.  H. ;  also  one  in  N.  C. 

JoHNSBUEG,  p-t.,  Warren  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  1,503. 

Johnson,  a  central  co.  N.  C.  Area, 
660  sq.  m.     Cap.  Smithfield.     P.  13,726. 

II.  N.E.  CO.  Tenn.     Area,  300  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Taylorsville.     P.  3,705. III.  S. 

CO.  la.    Area,  320  sq.  m.     Cap.  Franklin. 

P.  23,916. IV.  S.  CO.  111.    Area,  486 

sq.  m.    Cap.  Vienna.    P.  4,113. V.  W . 

CO.  Iowa.     Area,  610  sq.  m.     Cap.  Iowa 

city.    P.  4,472. VI.  W.  co.  Mo.    Area, 

785  sq.  m.     Cap.  Clarksville.     P.  7,464. 

VII.  W.  CO.  Ark.     Area,  900  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Clarksville.     P.  5,227. VIII.  t., 

Lameille  co.  Vt.     P.  1,410. IX.  bor., 

Cambria  co.    Pa.      P.    1,277. X.  t.. 

Champaign  co.  0.     P.  1,213. XL  co. 

Ky.     P.  3,873. XII.  t.,  Gibson  co.  la. 

P.  1,205. 

John  (St.),  one  of  the  Danish  West 
India  Islands. — —II.  (St.),  the  cap.  city 
of  New  Brunswick,  British  N.  Amer.,  on 
N.  side  of  the  estuary  of  St.  John.  P. 
12,885.  It  stands  on  a  steep  slope,  sepa- 
rated by  a  projecting  rock  into  two  por- 
tions, &  is  neatly  built. — Si.  John's 
River,  the  principal  riv.  of  New  Bruns- 
wick,   British  N.  America.      L.  360  m. 

III.  {St.),  a  river,  Florida,    enters 

the  Atlantic  ocean.     L.  210  m. IV.  a 

riv..  Lower  Canada,  joins  the  St.  Law- 
rence.  V.  a  river,  Lower  Canada,  joins 

the  estuary  of  the  St.  Lawrence  at  Min- 

gan.     L.  60  m. VI.  (St.),   a  lake   of 

Lower   Canada,  120  m.  N.  Quebec,  about 

30  m.  in  length  &  breadth. VII.  {St. 

John's  bay),  W.  coast  of  Newfoundland. 

VIII.  {St.),  a  vill.,  Lower  Canada,  on 

the  river  Richelieu. — — IX.  a  fortified 
town  of  the  island  Antigua,  on  a  bay  of 
its  W.  coast. 

John  O'Geoat's  House,  Scotland,  Co. 
Caithness,  H  m.  W.  Duncansbay  Head. 
John's  (St.),  the  cap.  town  of  the  Brit. 


jos] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


40^ 


colony,  Newfoundland,  on  a  bay  of  its 
S-E.  coast.  It  stands  at  the  head  of  an 
excellent  harbor. 

John's  Haven,  a  seaport  vill.  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  Kincardine,  on  the  N.  sea.  P. 
1,172. 

John's  Island,  S.  Carolina,  is  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Stono,  S.W.  Charleston,  & 
10  m.  in  length  by  2  m.  in  breadth. 

Johnston,  a  large  manuf.  vill.  of 
Scotland,    co.    Renfrew,    3    m.    S.S.W. 

Paisley. II.  t.,  Providence  co.  R.  I. 

P.  2,937. 

Johnston  Strait,  British  N.  Amer., 
Oregon  terr.,  N.  Pacific,  separates  Van- 
couver island  from  the  mainland  on  its 
N.  side. — Johnston  isles  are  a  rocky 
group,  Pacific  0.,  S.W.  Sandwich  isl. 

Johnstown,  a  dist.  of  Upper  Canada, 
having  S.E.  the  river  St.  Lawrence.    P. 

29,119. II.  p-t.,  cap.  Fulton  co.    It 

has  a  church,  built  in  1772,  by  Sir  Wm. 
Johnson.  P.  6,131. III.  p-b.,  Cam- 
bria CO.  Pa.     P.  1,213. 

Johohe,  a  state  occupying  the  S.  part 
of  the  Malay  peninsula. 

Johstadt,  a  frontier  town  of  Saxony, 
45  m.  S.W.  Dresden.     P.  1,942. 

JoiA,  one  of  the  largest  vills.  on  the 
Rio  Grande,  Texas,  between  Albuquer- 
que &  Santa  Fe. 

JoiGNY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Tonne,  on  a  slope  near  r.  b.  of  the 
Yonne,  15  m.  N.N.W.  Auxerre.     P.  5,683. 

JoiNviLLE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Marne,  on  the  Marne,  23  nl.  N. 
Chaumont.     P.  3,039. 

JoLiBA,  a  large"  river,  W.  Africa,  con- 
sidered identical  with  the  Niger  in  the 
upper  part  of  its  course,  is  supposed  to 
rise  in  Senegambia,  near  lat.  9°  N.,  Ion. 
9°  W. 

JOMALIE,  &    JOMONJOL,  tWO    islctS    of 

the  Philippines,  B.  of  Luzon. 

Jones,  S.B.  co.  N.  C.      Area,  386  sq. 

m.      Cap.  Trenton.      P.  5,033. II.  a 

central  co.  Ga.  Area,  360  sq.  tq.  Cap. 
Clinton.  P.  10,224.— III.  S.E.  co. 
Miss.  Area,  '672.  Cap.  Ellisville.  P. 
2,164. — —IV.  a  central  co.,  Iowa.  Area, 
576  sq.  m.      Cap.  Edinburg.     P.  3,007. 

JoNESBOROUGH,  p-v..  Cap.  Washing- 
ton 00.  Tena.     P.  1,000. II.  p-v.,  cap. 

Union  co.  III. 

JoNEsviLLE,  p-v.,  cap.  Lce  CO.  Va. 
II.  p-v.,  cap.  Hinsdale  co.  Mich. 

JoNKOPiNG,  a  Isen  of  S.  Sweden. 
Area,  4,292  sq.  m.    P.  150,477. 

JoNKOPiNG,  a  town  of  Sweden,  cap. 
Isen  of  the  .same  name,  at  the  S.  extremity 
of  Lake  Wetter.     P.  4,294. 

JoNQUiiKinES,  a  coram.  &  vill.  of  France, 


dep.  Vaucluse,  on  an  island  formed  by 
the  Ouveze.    P.  1,140. 

JoNZAC,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Charente-Inf,  on  the  Seugne.  P. 
1,985. 

JooBtTL,  a  small  town  &  rajahship  of 
N.W.  Hindostan.  Area,  330  sq.  m.  P. 
15,000.      . 

JoGDHtTN,  a  strong  military  fort  of 
Brit.  India,  62  m.  E.N.E.  Bombay. 

JooDY,  Turkish  Kurdistan,  is  between 
the  Tigris,  &  its  tributary  the  Khahur. 

JooGDEA,  a  town,  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Bengal. 

JooNAGHUR,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan, 
petiinsula  Gujerat. 

Jooi^EER,  a  town  of  British  India,_ 
presid.  Bombay. 

JogrhatHj  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  cap. 
of  Assam. " 

JooRiA,  a  seaport  town  of  W.  Hindos- 
tan, on  the  Gujerat  peninsula. 

Jorat,  a  chain  of  low  mntns.  in  Swit- 
zerland. 

Jordan,  a  famous  river  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  forming  the  E.  boundary  of  Pal- 
estine, rises  in  Anti-Libanus,  &  by  two 
sources  flows  S.  through  the  lakes  El 
Huleh  &  Tabariyah  {Gennesareth),  & 
enters  the  Dead  sea.     L.  120  m. 

Jordan,  p-v.,  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y. 

Jorge  (San),  one  of  the  Azores  isls., 
Atlantic,  W.  Terceira.  L.  25  m.,  b.  5  m. 
P.  4,000. 

Jorge  (St.),  a  river  of  S.  Amer.,  New 

Granada.     L.  180  m. II.  {d'  Olaneko), 

a  town.  Central  America,  state  Hondu- 
ras, 80  m.  S.S.W.  Truxillo. III.  {dos 

Ilheos),  a  maritime  town  of  Brazil,  prov. 
Babia. 

JoRKAU,  a  small  town  of  Bohemia,  on 
the  Bleiabache. 

JoRQUERA,  a  town  of  Spain,  19  m. 
N.E.  Chinchilla.     P.  2,876. 

JoRUK,  a  riv.  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  enters 
the  Black  sea.     L.  170  m. 

JoRULLO,  a  volcano,  Mexican  confed., 
dep.  &  75  m.  S.S.W.  Valladolid,  80  m. 
from  the  Pacific  ocean,  having  been 
thrown  up  from  a  plain,  with  an  elev.  of 
2,890  feet,  to  the  height  of  4,265  feet 
above  the  sea,  by  a  violent  irruption, 
Sept.  28th  &  29th,  1759. 

Joseph  (St.),  a  lake  of  British  N. 
Amei'.     L.  W.  to  E.  35  m. ;  av.  br.  10  m. 

II.  an  isl.  of  Upper  Canada,  in  tlw 

channel  between  lakes  Superior  &  Huron. 

L.  &  br.  15  m.  each. III.  a  peninsula 

in  the  gulf  of  San  Matias,  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Patagonia. IV.  one  of  the  Seychel- 
les isls.,  Indian  ocean. V.  (d'Orunci), 

a  town  of  Trinidad,  5  m.  E.  Port  of^pain. 


408 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[jUL 


Josephs  (St.),  a  bay  of  the  gulf  of 
Mexico,  Florida,  immeciiately  N.W.  Cape 
San  Bias. 

JosEPHSTADT,  a  fortified  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Elbe.  P. 
1,^00. 

JosiMATH,  a  vill.  of  N.  Hindostan, 
among  the  sources  of  the  Ganges. 

JosLowiTZ,  a  mkt.  town  of  Moravia. 
P.  1,688. 

JossELiN,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan.     P.  2,665. 

JossE-TEN-NooDj;,  a  vill.  of  Belgium, 
prov.  S.  Brabant. 

JouAN  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 

dep.    Ille-et-Vilahie.      P.    1,770. II. 

(de  I'llle),  a  vill.,  dep.  COtes  du  Nord,  on 
the  Ranee.     P.  670. 

JouARRE,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Seine-et-Mame.  P.  1,343. 
— Jouarre-Pontchartrain  is  a  town, 
S'eine-et-Oise.     P.  1,450. 

JouDPOOR,  a  state  of  N.W.  Hindostan, 
subsidiary  to  the  British,  &  the  most  ex- 
tensive &  powerful  in  Rajpootana.  Area 
estimated  at  34,132  sq.  m. — Joudpoor, 
the   cap.,    above  state,  100  m.   W.S.W. 

Ajmere.      P.  60,000.  C?) II.  a  small 

town  of  British  India,  presid.  Bengal. 

JouE,    several    comms.    &    vills.    of 

France. 1,  dep.  Indre-et-Loir,   3  m. 

S.S.W.    Tours.       P.    1.770.— —II.   dep. 

Loire  Inf.,  on  the  Erdre.     P.  2,660. 

III.  {du  Bois),  Orne,  17  m.  N.W.  Alen- 
fon.     P.  1,540. 

JorGNE,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Doubs.     P.  1.114. 

JouiN  (St.),  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Seine  Inf.,  12  m.  N.  Havre. 

P.  1,540. II.  a  vill.,  dep.  Deux-Ser- 

ves.     P.  1,360. 

Jou-NiNG,  a  city  of  China,  prov.  Ho- 
nan. 

JouQUEs,  a  comm.  &,  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Bouches-du-Rhone.     P.  1,830. 

Joux,  a  lake  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Vaud.  L.  7  m. ;  breadth  1  m. ;  &  350 
feet  above  the  sea. 

JouY-suR-MoRiN,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Seine-et-Marne.  P.  1,680. 
— Jouy  is  the  name  of  many  comms.  in 
deps.  Eure-et-Loir,  Moselle,  <fce. 

JovNiN,  a  market  town  of  Russia,  83 
m.  W.  Poltava.     P.  1,000. 

JowRAH,  a  town  of  India,  Gwalior 
dom. " 

JovEUSE,  a  comm.  k  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ardeche,  on  the  Baume,  at  the-foot 
of  the  CTevennes.     P.  2,107. 

JozEFOV,  two  towns  of  Poland,  gov. 
Lublin ;  one  on  the  Vistula,  32  m.  W.S.W. 
Lubin,  with  1,240  inhabs 


Juan  Fernandez,  a  rocky  island  in 
the  Pacific  ocean,  about  400  m.  off  the 
coast  of  Chile,  of  which  it  is  a  depen- 
dency. Lat.  33°  45'  S.,  Ion.  79°  2'  W. 
It  is  18  m.  long  &  6  m.  broad,  &  rises  to 
3,000  feet  above  the  ocean.  The  solitary 
residence  here  for  4  years  of  a  Scotch- 
man, named  Alex.ander  Selkirk,  is  sup- 
posed to  have  formed  the  basis  of  De- 
foe's well-known  tale  of  "Robinson  Cru- 
roe."  Mas-a-fuera  is  another  rockj'  & 
precipitous  island,  lying  to  the  W. 

Juanpoor,  a  clist.  &  town  of  British 
India,  presid.  Bengal.  Ai'ea,  1,820  sq.  m. 
— Juanpoor,  cap.  above  dist.,  is  on  .the 
Groompty. 

JUBA,  a  river  of  E.  Africa,  which  en- 
ters the  Indian  ocean. 

Juberara,  a  town  of  British  India, 
Bengal,  upper  provs. 

JuBLAiNs,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Mayemie.     P.  1,840. 

JuBY  (Cape),  W.  Africa,  Sahara,  op- 
posite the  Canary  island. 

JucAR,  a  riv.  of  Spain,  New  Castile  & 
A^'alencia.     L.  200  m. 

JtrcHiTAN,  a  town  of  the  Mexican 
confederation,  dep.  Oaxaca,  on  the  river 
Juchitan,  20  m.  N.E.  Tehuantepec.  P. 
4,600. 

JucHNOv,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Smolensk,  cap.  circ,  on  the  Ugra.  P. 
1,500. — Juchnovka  is  a  town,  gov.  &  N.E. 
Minsk. 

JuDJEA,  the  ancient  country  or  king- 
dom- of  Judah,  forming  the^S.  part  of 
Palestine  or  the  Holy  Land. 

Judenbuhg,  a  town  of  Styria,  cap. 
circ,  on  the  Mur,  40  m.  W.N.W.  Gratz. 
P.  2,688. 

Judge  &  HisjClerk,  two  islets  of  the 
Macquarrie  group,  S.  Pacific,  S.W.  New 
Zealand.  '   - 

Jugadree,  a  town  of  British  India, 
Bengal,  Upper  provs. 

JuGDispooE,  a  town  of  Hindostan, 
Oude,-53  m.  S.E.  Lucknow. 

JuGDULUK,  a  vill.  of  AS'ghanistan. 

JuGGERNAUTH,  a  towu  &,  famous  tem- 
ple of  India,  presid.  Bengal.     P.  30,000. 

JuGGOTEB,  a  town  of  India,  Gtwalior 
dom. 

JuiLLAc,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Correze     P.  2,415. 

JuiLLAN,  a  commune  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Pyrenees.     P.  1,690. 

Jujurieux,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Ain.     P.  1,600. 

JuJUY,  a  town  of  the  Plata  confedera- 
tion. S.  America,  dep.  Salta,  on  the  river 
Jujuy.    P.  4,000. 

JuLAt-POOH,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  on 


jut] 


UKIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


409 


the   r.  b.  of  the  Jailum,  90  m.  'N^Y.  La- 
hore. 

JuLAMERK,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
near  the  greater  Zab. 

JuLFA,  a  town  of  Russian  Transcau- 
casia.  II.  a  vill.  of  Persia,  immedi- 
ately S.  Ispahan. 

JuLi,  a  town  of  S.  Peru,  dep.  &  46  m. 
S.E.  Puno,  on  the  S.W.  shore  of  Lake 
Titicaca.     E\ev.  13,100  feet. 

Julia  de  Gracapou  (St.)  a  comm.  & 
town  of  France,  dep.  H.  Garonne.  P. 
1,015. 

Julian  (St.),  an  island  of  the  E.  ar- 
chipelago,  W.  Borneo. II.   a  harbor 

on  the  E.  coast  of  Patagonia. III.  a 

fort  of  Portugal,  at  the  entrance  of  the 
Tagus. 

JuLiANSHAAB,  a  maritime  station  in 
Greenland,  on  its  W.  coast. 

JiJLiCH,  a  fortified  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  15  m.  N.E.  Aix-la-Chapelle,  on 
the  Roer.     P.  2,890. 

JuLiEN  (St.),  numer.  comms.  &,  small 
towns  of  France. 

JuLiER  (Col  du),  one  of  the  pYincipal 
passes  in  the  chain  of  the  Swiss  Alps, 
cant.  Grisons,  7,553  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea. 

Juliet,  p-v..  cap.  Will  co.  111.  P. 
2,659. 

Jull,  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  prov. 
Cutch-Gundava. — Jullalkote  is  a  small 
town  of  Scinde. 

JuLLiNDER,  a  large  town  of  the  Pun- 
jab, in  the  Do.ib.     Estim.  pop.  40,000. 

JuLRAiz,  a  town  of  Affghanistan,  on 
the  Cabool  river. 

JuMBOSEER,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bombay.     P.  10,400. 

JtTMEAux,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Puy-de-DOme.     P.  1,840. 

JuMELLEs,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Maine-et-Loire.     P.  1,603. 

JuMELHERE  (La),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Maine-et-Loire.     P.  1,222. 
:  Jumetz,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Belgium, 
prov.  Hainault.     P.  6,528. 

Jumieges,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine  Inf.,  on  the  Seine.     P.  1,710. 

JuMiLLA,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Mur- 
cia.~    P.  7,362. 

JuMiLLAc,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Dordogne,  cap.  cant.,  on  1. 
b.  of  the  Isle  river.     P.  3,194. 

Jumna,  a  river  of  India,  tributary  to 
the  Ganges.     L.  680  m. 

Jumnoutri,  a  famous  place  of  Hindoo 
pilgrimage,  N.  India,  near  the  source  of 
the  Jumna. 

JuNDiAHi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov.  &  23 
m  N.V\^  San  Paulo.    P.  5,000. 

18 


JUNGBYPOOR,  &  'JuNGLECARRY,  tWO 

towns  of  Hindostan. 

JuNGFRAu,  a  mntn.  of  the  Swiss  Alps. 
Height,  13,671  feet. 

Juniata,  a  central  co.  Pa.     Area,  360 

sq.  m.     Cap.  Mifflin.     P.  13,029. IL 

river.  Pa.,  tributarj'  of  the  Susquehanna. 
III.   p-t..    Perry  co.  Pa.     P.  1,451, 

JuNiEN  (St.),  a  comm.  &  t.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Vienne,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Vienne. 
P.  3,163. 

Junius,  p-t.,  Seneca  co.  N.  Y.    P.  1 ,594. 

JuNiviLLE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Ardennes.     P.  1,500. 

JuNKSEYLON,  an  island  in  the  Indian 
ocean,  belonging  to  Siam,  off  the  N.W. 
extremity  of  the  Malay  peninsula.  L. 
20  m.,   av.br.  10  m. 

JuNQUERA  (La),  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Gerona.     P.  1,098. 

JupiLLE,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  on  the 
Meuse.     P.  1,900. 

Jura,  an  island,  one  of  the  Inner  He- 
brides. Scotland,  co.  Argyle,  immediate- 
ly N.E.  Islav.     L.  24  m.,  br.  varies  from 

2   to  8  m.     P.   2,000. 11.  a  frontier 

dep.  of  the  E.  of  France.     Area,  1,940 sq. 
m.  P.  313,299.  Situated  almost  entirely 

in  the  basin  of  the  Rhone. III.  chain 

of  mntns.  which  separate   France  from 
Switzerland. 

JuRANfON,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Pyrenees.     P.  1,329. 

JuRBURG,  a  town  &  river-port  of  Rus- 
sian Poland,  105  m.  W.N.W.  Vilna,  on 
the  Niemen.     P  2,000. 

JuRjEv-PoLSKij,  a  town  of  Russia,  25 
m.  N.W.Vladimir.    P.  2,225. 

JuRJEVETz-PovoLSKOi,  a  town  of 
Russia,  on  the  Volga.    P.  2,500. 

JuRJUHA,  a  mntn.  chain  of  Algeria, 
forming  a  division  of  the  Little  Atlas,  50 
m.  S.E.  Algiers. 

JuHRUK,  a  town  of  Scinde,  on  the 
main  branch  of  the  Indus. 

JuRUENA,  a  large  river  of  Brazil. 

JuRUHA,  a  river  of  Brazil. 

JusHPOOR,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

JussAc,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Cantal.    P.  L550. 

JussEv,  a  coram.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Saune.     P.  2,661. 

Just  (St.),  numerous  comms.  &  vills. 
of  Franco. 

JuTAHi,  a  river  of  Brazil,  prov.  Para, 
joins  the  Amazon. 

JuTERBOGK,  a  walled  town  of  Prussia. 
P.  5,200. 

Jutland,  a  low  flat  peninsula  of 
Denmark,  comprised  between  the  N.  sea, 
the  Skager-Rack,  the  Kattegat,  the  Lit- 


410 


CrCLOr^DIA    OF    GEOGHAPHY. 


[kai 


tie  Belt,  &  the  Baltic.  On  the  S.  it  is  at- 
tached to  Germany. II.  (^Nortlx),  the 

largest  &  most  important  prov.  of  Den- 
mark, forming  the  N.  portion  of  the  pe- 
ninsula of  same  name,  separated  from 
Schleswig  by  the  Kolding  river  on  the 
E.,  &  the  Konge  on  the  W.  Area,  9,697 
sq.  m.     P.  588,500. 

JtrviGNE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Mayenne,  16  m.  N.W.  Laval.  P. 
2,830. 

Juvigny-sous-Andaine,  a  comm.  & 
town  of  France,  dep.  Orne.     P.  1,940. 

Jyhoon,  a  river  of  Asia-Minor.  L. 
160  m. 

Jykill,  island  &  sound,  Ga.  at  the 
mouth  of  Zurth  &  Scilla  rivers. 

Jynteah  a  dist.  of  Brit.  India. 


K. 

Kaaden,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  13  m. 
N.W.  Saaz,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Eger.  P.  3,229. 

Kaafiord,  a  vill.  of  Norway,  on  the 
gulf  of  Alton,  near  lat.  70°  N. 

Kaagoe,  an  island  of  Norway,  in  the 
Arctic  ocean.  Lat.  70°  N.  L.  llm. ; 
b.  7  m. 

Kaahta,  a  kingdom  of  W.  Africa,  ia 
N.E.l)f  Senegambia. 

Kaaterskill,  a  br.  of  Catskill  ereck, 
with  remarkable  falls. 

Kaban  Maaden.  a  town  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  88  m.  N.W.  Diarbekir,  on  the 
Euphrates. 

Kabenda,  W.  coast  of  Africa. 

Kabok,  a  Mandingo  state  of  W.  Africa, 
Senegambia. 

Kabha,  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  dom. 
&  10  m.  S.S.E.  Timbuetoo,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Niger. 

Kabrera,  one  of  the  Ionian  isls.,  7  m. 
"W.  Cape  Gallo,  with  a  good  harbor. 

Kabruang,  an  isl.  of  the  Malay  archi- 
pelago, betw.  'the  Philippines  &  Gilolo, 
20  m.  in  circum. 

Kabshary,  a  town  of  Central  Africa, 
Bornou,  on  the  Yeou. 

Kachee,  a  town  of  Seinde,  30  m.  N. 
Hyderabad. 

Kachnai-Serai,  a  considerable  town 
of  Hindostan,  130  m.  S.S.W.  Gwalior. 

Kadapha,  a  vill.  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on 
the  Joruk  river. 

Kadeeo,  a  vill.  of  Nubia,  on  the  Blue 
Nile,  3  m.  S.  Sennaar. 

Kadirgunge,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  on  the  1.  b.  of  the  Ganges. 

Kadirgunge,  a  town  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  in  the  Doab. 


Kadnikov,  a  town  of  Russia,  28  m. 
N.N.B.  Vologda.  It  has  1,000  inhabi- 
tants. 

Kadom,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  &  128 
m.  N.N.E.  Tambov,  on  the  Moshka,  with 
6,000  inhabs. 

Kaferthal,  a  vill.  of  Baden,  3  m. 
N.E.  Mannheim.     P.  1,543. 

Kaffa,  a  seaport  town  of  the  Russian 
empire,  gov.  Taurida,  on  the  S.E.  coast 
of  the  Crimea.     P.  7,250. 

Kaffraria,  an  extensive  region  of 
S.E.  Africa,  bounded  E.  &  S.  by  the  In- 
dian ocean,  S.W.  &  W.  by  the  Keiskama 
(which  separates  it  from  the  dist.  Victo- 
ria), the  Chumie,  &  the  Kliss  Plaat  rivs., 
&  N.  indefinitely,  by  a  chain  of  moun- 
tains in  a  direction  from  E.  to  W.  The 
Caifres  are  described  as  hospitable,  intel- 
ligent, acute,  &  brave,  but  dishonest  & 
superstitious.  They  practice  the  rite  of 
circumcision.  They  are  divided  into 
hordes,  &  governed  by  hereditary  chiefs, 
who  exercise  absolute  rule.  There  is  now 
a  bloody  war  raging  between  them  & 
Cape  Colony. 

Kafieistan,  a  country  of  Cent.  Asia, 
Estim.  area,  7,000  sq.  m.  It  comprises 
a  part  of  tlie  S.  declivity  of  the  Hindoo 
Coosh.  The  inhabitants  are  a  remark- 
able race,  resembling  Europeans  in 
many  of  their  habits  &  also  in  their 
persons. 

IvAGALNiK,  a  river  of  Bessarabia,  en- 
ters the  Black  sea.     L.  100  m. 

Kaghuzwara,  a  large  vill.  of  India, 
Deacan,  Nizam's  dom. 

Kahan,  a  vill.  of  Further-India,  on 
the  Teaasserim  riv. 

Kaheree,  a  town  of  AfFghanistan. 

Kahla,  a  walled  town  of  Central  Ger- 
many, on  1.  b.  of  the  Saale,  17  m.  S.E. 
Weimar.     P.  2,463. 

Kahlenberg.  a  hill,  Austria,  on  the 
Danube,  a  little  N.W.  Vienna. 

Kahun,  a  fortified  town  of  Affghanis- 
tan.  near  the  Nuffoosk  pass. 

Kai,  a  town  of  China,  65  m.  W.N.W. 
Kwi-tchou.-^II.  a  town  of  Russia,  140  m. 
N.E.  Viatka. — Kai-fong,  a  city  of  China, 
cap.  Honan,  on  rt.  b.  of  Hoang-Ho. 

Kaiffa,  a  small  seaport  town  of  Pales- 
tine, 6  m.  S.W.  Acre,  on  its  bay. 

Kailas,  "paradise,"  the  Olympus  of 
the  Hindoos,  a  mountain  region  of  Tibet. 

Kain,  town,  Persia. 

Kainsk,  a  town  &  fortress  of  Asiatic 
Russia,  on  the  Om,  260  miles  W.S.W. 
Tomsk.     P.  3,400. 

Kaipara,  a  fine  harbor  of  New  Zea- 
land, N.  island,  on  its  W.  coast.  Av.  b. 
5  to  6  m. 


eal] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


411 


Kaira,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Bombay. 

Kairwan,  a  city  of  N.  Africa,  dom. 
&  80  m.  S.S.E.  Tunis.  P.  50,000.(7) 
Kaisariyeh,  one  of  the  most  impor- 
.  tant  cities  of  Asia-Minor,  in  its  E.  portion, 
at  the  foot  of  Mt.  Erjish,  160  m.  E.N.E. 
Konieh.  It  is  enclosed  by  a  dilapidated 
wall ;  comprises  8,000  houses. 

Kaiserberg,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
H.  Rhin,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Weiss.  P. 
3,056. 

Kaiserslautern,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Bavaria,  cap.  dist.,  on  the  Lauter,  25  m. 
N.W.  Landau.     P.  6,700. 

Kaiserstuhl,  a  small  town  of  Switzer- 
land, cant.  Aargau,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Rhine. 
Kaiserwerth,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, on  r.  b.  of  the  Rhine.     P.  1,740. 

Kaitah,  a  town  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid. Bengal. 

Kakabikka,  a  remarkable  cataract  of 
British  N.  America,  in  the  course  of  the 
Kamanatekwoya  riv. 

Kakava,  a  small  isl.  off  the  S.  coast 
of  Asia-Minor,  12  m.  S.W.  Myra. 

Kakcndy,  a  town  of  W.  Africa,  Sene- 
gambia,  on  the  Nunez,  100  m.  N.E.  its 
mouth. 

Kala-Bagh,  a  town  of  Affghanistan, 
on  the  Indus,  70  m.  S.  Peshawer.   P.  2,000. 
Kalabsheh  (El),  a  vill.  of  Nubia,  on 
1.  b.  of  the  Nile. 

Kalah  ("  a  castle"),  a  prefix  of  nu- 
merous vills.,  fortresses,  &c.,  in  W.  Asia. 
Kalaichi,    a    town   of  Affghanistan, 
near  the  Indus. 

Kalamaki,  a  bay  of  Asia-Minor, 
Kalamata,  a  seaport  town  of  Greece, 
cap.  gov.  Messenia,  on  the  Nedon  river, 
near  the  head  of  the  gulf  of  Koron.     P. 
2,000. 

Kalamazoo,  a  river  of  Michigan,  after 
a  W.N.W.  course  of  200  m.,  enters  lake 
Michigan,  41  m.  N.  the  mouth  of  the  riv. 
St.  Joseph.     It  is  navigable  for  boats  for 

its  last  38  m. II.    S.W.  co.  Michigan. 

Area,  576  sq.  m.    Cap.  Kalamazoo.      P. 

13,179. III.  p-t.,  cap.  Kalamazoo  co. 

A  br.  of  the  university  of  Mich,  is  here.^ 

P.  2,507. IV.  a  CO.,  same  state,  in  its 

S.W.  part.     P.  7,380. V.  a  township, 

cap.  above  co.,  &  on  the  river,  140  m.  W. 
Detroit.     P.  1,290. 

Kalamo,  &  Kastus,  two  small  isls.  of 
the  Ionian  group. 

Kalantan,  a  state  of  the  Malay  pe- 
ninsula, extending  along  its  B.  coast.  P. 
50,000. 

Kalany-Gtuxga,  a  river  of  Ceylon, 
enters  the  ocean,  3  m.  N.  Colombo.  L. 
60  m. 


Kalat-el-Mudik,  a  town,  N.  Syria, 
70  ra.  Aleppo. 

Kalatoa,  an  isl.  of  the  Malay  archip., 
between  Flores  &  Celebes. 

Kalau,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov.  Bran- 
denburg.    P.  2,177. 

Kalavrita,  a  town  of  Greece,  Morea. 

Kalbe,  2  towns   of  Prussian  Saxony. 

1,  cap.  circ,  on  the  Saale,  18  m.  S. 

Magdeburg.      P.    5,573. II.   on    the 

Milde.     P.  1,400. 

Kaldenkirchen,  a  vill.  of  Rhenish 
Prussia.     P.  1,700. 

Kalenberg,  a  principality  of  Han- 
over, &  comprising  the  capital.  Area, 
1,050  sq.  m.     P.  192,526. 

Kalgan,  a  town  of  China,  prov.  Chi-li, 
125  miles  N.W.  Peking. 

Kalguev,  an  isl.  of  European  Russia, 
gov.  Archangel,  in  the  Arctic  ocean.  L. 
&  br.,  each,  45  m. 

Kalhat,  a  seaport  town  of  Arabia, 
dom.  &  70  m.  S.B.  Muscat. 

Kauce,  a  city  of  Poland,  &  the  most 
W.  in  the  Russian  dom.,  cap.  prov.  of 
same  name,  on  an  isl.  in  the  Prosna,  130 
m.  W.S.W.  Warsaw.     P.  12,000. 

Kauda,  p-v.,  Putnam  co.  N.  Y. 

Kalimno,  an  isl.  off  the  S.W.  coast  of 
Asia- Minor. 

Kallinger,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

Kallo  (Nagy),  a  mkt.  town  of  E. 
Hungary,  cap.  co.  Szaboles.     P.  5,342. 

Kallundborg,  a  maritime  town  of 
Denmark,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  isl.  See- 
land,  58  m.  W.  Copenhagen,  with  2,400 
inhabs. 

Kalmar,  a  maritime  laen  of  Sweden, 
extending  along  its  E.  coast.  4,258  sq. 
m.     P.  184,557. 

Kalmar,  a  fortified  seaport  city  of  E. 
Sweden,  on  Kalmar  sound,  opposite  the 
isl.  Oland,  190  m.  S.S.W.  Stockholm.  P. 
5,350. — Kalmar  sound  is  a  strait  of  the 
Baltic  sea,  separating  the  island  Oland 
from  the  mainland. 

Kalocsa,  a  town  of  W.  Hungary,  co. 

&-68  m.  S.  Pesth.  P.  6, 000. II.  a  vill., 

CO.  Marmaros.     P.  2,323. 

Kaloo  Pass,  Central  Asia,  10  m. 
S.S.E.  Bamian.     Elev.  12,480  ft. 

Kaloyeri,  a  small  desert  island,  Gre- 
cian archipelago. 

Kalpee,  a  large  &  populous  town  of 
British  India,  presid.  Bengal. 

Kalsee,  a  town  of  N.  Hindostanj  on 
the  Upper  Jumna. 

Kaltenbrunn,    a   mkt.   town   of  W. 
Hungary,  on  the   Styrian  frontier.     P. 
1,706. 
Kaltbn-nokdhbim,   a  town   of  Ger- 


412 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[kan 


many,  Saxe-Weimar,  25  m.  S.S.W.  Eise- 
nach.    P.  1,606. 

Kaluga,  a  gov.  of  European  Russia, 
near  its  centre,  forming  the  most  W.  of 
the  great  manuf.  provs.  Area,  12,176  sq. 
m.     P.  1,006,400. 

Kaluga,  a  town  of  Russia,  cap.  gov.  & 
dist.  same  name,  95  m.  S'.W.  Moscow,  on 
the  Oka.     P.  36,000. 

Kalvorde,  a  vill.  of  N.  Germany,  34 
m.  E.N.E.  Brunswick.     P.  1,400. 

Kalwaeia,  a  town  of  Austrian-Galicia. 

Kalwarya,  a  town  of  Poland,  on  the 
Szezupa,  24  m.  N.N.E.  Suwalki.  P. 
6,000. 

-Kalyvia,  a  vill.  of  Greece,  Hellas, 
gov.  Bceotia. 

Kama,  a  riv.  of  European  Russia,  & 
the   princip.    tribut.   of    the   Volga.     L. 

1,400  m. II.  (or  Kooner),  a  river  of 

Central  Asia,  joins  tlie  Cabool  river.    L. 
220  m. 

Kamalia,  a  small  town  &  fort  of  the 
Punjab,  near  the  Ravee,  115  m.  S.W.  La- 
hore. 

Kamalia,  a  town  of  Senegambia, 
Mandingb  country. 

Kamaran,  an  island  oif  the  W.  coast 
of  Arabia,  20  m.  S.  Loheia,  in  a  bay  of 
the  Red  sea.     L.  13  m. 

Kamberg,  &  Kambuhg,  two  towns  of 
Germany. 1,  duchy  &  22  m.  E.  Nas- 
sau.    P.  1,250. II.  on  the  Saale,  17 

m.  B.ISr.E.  Weimar.     P.  1,650. 

Kamenitz,  numerous  towns  &  vills.  of 

the  Austrian  empire. 1.  Bohemia,  20 

m.  E.S.E.  Tabor,  with  2,281  inhabs. 

II.  circ.  &  12  m.  S.  Chrudim. III.  Mo- 
ravia, circ.  &  11  m.  B.  Iglau.     P.  1,569. 

IV.  Slavonia,  2  m.  S.W.  Peterwar- 

dein.     P.  1,844. — Kamenitza  is  a  vill.  of 
Greece,  Morea. 

Kamenoi-Osthov,  two  isls.  of  Russia  ; 
one  at  the  mouth  of  the  Neva  ;  the  other 
in  the  Caspian  sea. 

Kamenskoe,  &  Kamenskoi,  two  vills. 

of  Asiatic  Russia. 1,  near  the  Kamts- 

chatka  frontier. II.  40  m.  S.  Kami- 

sklov. 

Kamenz,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circ.  &  22 
m.  N.E.  Dresden,  on  the  Black  Elster. 
P.  3,344. 

Kaminietz,  a  town  of  Russian  Po- 
land, near  its  S.W.  frontier,  cap.  gov. 
Podolia,  on  the  Smotritsch,  235  m.  N.W. 
Odessa.     P.  15,600. 

Kamionka  Strzumilowa,  a  town  of 
Austrian  Galicia,  on  the  Bug,'27  m.  N.E. 
Lemberg.     P.  1,295. 

Kamishin,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the 
Volga.  P.  7,268.— Zamtar  is  a  vill.  of 
Prussian-Silesia.    P.  1,070. 


[      Kamnitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  27  m. 
N.N.E.  Leitmeritz.     P.  2,331. 

Kamouhaska,  a  vill.  &  seignory  of 
Lower  Canada,  85  m.  N.E.  Quebec. 

Kampen,  a  fortified  town  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, cap.  cant.,  on  the  Y.ssel,  near 
its  mouth  in  the  Zuyder-Zee.     P.  9,072. 

Kamtschatka,  a  peninsula  of  Asia, 
on  the  N.E.  forming  the  S.E.  termination 
of  Siberia.  P.  6,000.  Surface  flat  in  the 
N.E.,  on  all  W.  coast,  except  at  the  S. 
point,  &,  in  the  centre.  The  E.  coasts  are 
deeply  indented  ;  bold  &  steep  on  the  S. 
Chief  river  the  Kamtschatka.     L.  250  m. 

Kamuschlov,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Rus- 
sia, cap.  dist.  on  a  tributary  of  the  To- 
bol  riv.     P.  2,900. 

Kanadbi,  a  town  of  Russia,  88  m. 
S.W.  Simbirsk,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Vol- 
ga.    P.  2,250. 

Kanakanic,  t.,  .Milwaukie  co.  Wis. 
P.  1,000. 

Kanarak,  an  ancient  maritime  vill. 
of  British  India,  presid.  Bengal,  45  m. 
S.S.E.  Cuttack. 

Kanawha  River,  rises  in  the  N.  part 
of  N.  Carolina,  flows  N.N.AV.  through 
Virginia,  &  joins  the  Ohio.     It  is  nav.  for 

steamers.     L.  300  m. II.  co.  W.  Va. 

Area,  2,000  sq.  m.     Cap.  Charleston.    P. 

15,353. III.  c.  H.,  cap.  of  the  abova 

county. 

Kanchow,  a  seaport  town  of  China,  on 
a  small  river  near  the  Yellow  sea. 

Kandah,  a  considerable  walled  town 
of  Beloochistan. 

..^Kandern,  a  vill.  of  Germany,  Baden, 
21  m.  S.W.  Freiburg.     P.  1,300. 

Kandili  &  Kanlidsche,  two  vills.  of 
Asia-Minor,  on  the  shore  of  the  Bosphorus. 

Kandy,  a  town  of  Ceylon,  near  the 
centre  of  the  island,  62  m.  N.E.  Colombo. 

Kane,  N.E.  co.  111.  Area,  1,296  sq.  m. 
Cap.  Geneva.    P.  16,703. 

Kanem,  a  country  of  Central  Africa, 
Nigritia. 

Kanev,  a  market  town  of  Russia,  64 
m.  S.E.  Kiev,  on  the  Dnieper.  P. 
3,008. 

Kangaroo  Island,  a  large- island  of 
S.  Australia.  Estim.  area,  1,970  sq.  m. 
—Kangaroo  Point,  is  a  vill.  of  Tasmania, 
Van  Diemen's  Land. 

Kangelung,  an  island  of  the  Malay 
archipelago,  70  m.  N.  Bali.  L.  25  m. ; 
av.  br.  8  m. 

•   Kanghur,  a   town  of  ScLnde,    20  m. 
W.N.W.  Shikarpoor. 

Kanisa,   several  towns  of  Hungary. 

—I.  (Nagy),  CO.  Szalad.    P.  8,897. 

II.  (Magyar),  co.  Bacs,  on  the  Theiss. 
P.  910. 


KAft] 


tfNIVERSAL    GAZETXBBR. 


413 


KA.NKAKEE,  r.,  ODe  oiF  the  principal 
streams  tbat  form  the  111. 

Kankan,  a  town  of  Senegambia,  cap. 
state,  in  the  country  of  Sangara.  P. 
6,000.(7) 

Kankahi,  a  town  of  Asia- Minor, 
Anatolia,  70  m.  N.W.  Angora.    P.  18,000. 

Kankerowly,  a  town  of  Hindostan, 
dom.  &  32  m.  from  Odeypoor. 

EL!\.NKHUL,  a  considerable  town  of 
British  India,  presid.  Bengal. 

Kan-kiang,  a  river  of  China,  forming 
a  part  of  its  great  internal  line  of  nav- 
igation, 350  m.  long. 

Kannagherry,  a  town  of  India, 
Deecan. 

Kano,  a  considerable  town  of  Central 
Africa,  Nigritia,  cap.  state  Houssa,  about 
lat.  12°  N.,  Ion.  9°  E.   P.  30,000  to  40,000. 

Kanoje,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  40  m.  N.  Cawnpore,  in 
the  Doab. 

Kanoti,  CO.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Huron. 
Area,  570  sq.  m.     Unorganized. 

Kanowta,  a  town  of  N.W.  Hindostan, 
dom.  &  11  m.  S.W.  Jeypoor. 

Kansas,  r.,  Ind.  terr.,  enters  the  Mo. 
L.  1,200  m.     Nav.  900. 

Kansk,  a  fortified  town  of  Asiatic 
Russia,  on  the  Kana. 

Kan-Su,  the  most  N.W.  prov.  of  China. 
P.  15,193,125.  Surface  mountainous  ; 
principal  river  the  Hoang-ho. 

Kan-tchou,  two  cities  of  China. 

I.  prov.    Kan-Su,    cap.   dist.,    near  the 

N.W.  frontier  &  great  wall. II.  prov. 

Kiang-si,  cap.  dep.,  on  the  Kan-kiang 
river. 

Kanth,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on 
the  Weistritz.     P.  1,710. 

Kanturk,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  co.  Cork.     P.  4,388. 

Kanum,  a  large  city  of  Little  Tibet, 
on  the  Upp.  Sutleje. 

Kao,  numerous  cities  of  China  & 
Corea,  the  principal  being  Kao-tchou, 
168  m.  S.W.  Canton,  cap.  dep.,  on  a 
navigable  river. 

Kapelle,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
island  S.  Beveland,   4  m.  E.  Groes.     P. 

1,342. II.  (West- Kapelle),  a  vill.  of 

same  prov.     P.  1,892. 

Kapiti,  an  isl.  of  jST.  Zealand. 

Kapnik-Banya,  a  mkt.  town  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  Szathmar.     P.  3,000. 

Kaposvar,  a  town  of  Central  Hungary, 
on  the  Kapos,  97  m.  S.W.  Pesth.  P.  3,900. 

Kappeln,  a  maritime  town  of  Den- 
mark, duchy  &  15  m.  N.E.  Schleswig. 
P.  2,100. 

Kapunda,  a  vill.  of  Australia  dist.  & 
45  m.  N.  Adelaide. 


Kapuvab,  a  market  town  of  W.  Hun- 
gary, CO.  Oedenburg,  40  m.  S.  Presburg, 
with  3,175  inhab.  * 

Kara,  a  river  forming  a  part  of  the 
boundary  between  European  &  Asiatic 
Russia.     L.  125  m. 

Kara  (Sea  of),  a  portion  of  the  Arctic 
ocean,  between  the  Russian  govs.  Arch- 
angel &  Tobolsk  on  the  S.,  &  the  island 
Novaia-Zemlia  on  the  N. 

Kara  (Turkish  black),  a  prefix  to  the 
names  of  numerous  places  in  the  E.,  of 
which  the  principal  are  the  following: — 
I.  KLara-Aghadj,  a  town  of  European 
Turkey,  Bulgaria. II.  a  bay  of  Asia- 
Minor. 

Karabagh,  a  prov.  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
Transcaucasia. 

Kara-bagh,  a  town  of  Affghanistan, 
40  m.  S.W.  Ghuznee. 

Kar.a.-Bunar,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor, 
pash.  Karamania,  58  m.  E.S.B.  Konieh. 

Karachee,  a  seaport  of  Scinde. 

Kara  Dagh,    several    mountains    of 

Asia-Minor,  &  a  chain  in  Persia. II. 

a  mountain  range  of  European  Turkey, 
Rumili. — Karaja  Tagh,  Asiatic  Turkey, 
separates  the  basins  of  the  Euphrates  & 
Tigris. 

Kara  Hissah,  several  towns  of  Asia- 
Minor. 1,   pash.   Karamania,    30  m. 

S.W.   Kaisariyeh. II.   pash.  Adana, 

25   m.    W.    Tarsous.. IIL    (Shebb- 

Khaneh),  pash.  &  110  m.  E.N.E.  Siras. 

Kara-jiler,  a  large  vill.  of  Asia- 
Minor,  Anatolia,  50  m.  S.E.  Angora. 

Kabak,  an  island  of  the  Persian  gulf. 
It  is  about  15  m.  in  circ. 

Karakal,  a  town  of  Wallachia,  cap. 
dist.,  Ramanatzi,  30  m.  S.E.  Krajova. 

Karakash,  a  city  of  Chinese  Turkes- 
tan, 240  m.  E.S.E.  Yarkand,  &  reported 
to  comprise  3,000  houses. 

Karakorum,  a  mountain  pass  of  the 
Chinese  empire,  separating  Chinese  Turk- 
estan from  Little  Tibet,  elev.  18,604  ft. 

II.   (or  Holin),    a   ruined  city  of 

Mongolia. 

Karaman,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor, 
pash.  Karamania,  near  the  N.  foot  of 
Mount  Taurus.    P.  7,000. 

Karamania,  a  pash.  of  Asia- Minor, 
comprising  most  of  the  E.  portion  of  its 
central  table-land. 

Karang  Bollong,  a  dist.  of  Java. 

Karaniz,  a  considerable  vill.  of  Per- 
sia, prov.  Azerbijan. 

Karansbbes,  a  mkt.  town  of  S.  Hun- 
f::.nry,  Eau.it,  on  the  Temes,  50  m.  S.E. 
Temeswar.     P.  3,400. 

Kara  Su.i!  name  applied  by  the  Turks 
to  numerous  rivers  ia  their  dom.,  among 


414 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[eab 


which   are 1,  the  W.  branch  of  the 

Euphrates. II.  European  Turkey,  en- 
ters the  jJlgean  sea.     L.  130  m. III. 

Asia-Minor,  tributary  to  the  Kizil  Irmak. 

Kara-su-Bazar,  a  Tartar  town  of  S. 
Russia,  gov.  Taurida,  in  the  Crimea.  P. 
15,000. 

Karatchev,  a  walled  town  of  Russia, 
gov.  &  45  m.  W.N.W.  Orel.     P.  5,725. 

Kabateghin,  a  river  &  town  of  Cen- 
tral Asia,  the  river  &  affl.  of  the  Upper 
Oxus. 

Karatova,  a  market  town  of  Euro- 
pean Turkey,  Rumili,  on  the  Braunista. 
P.'4.000. 

Karazorane,  an  island  or  peninsula 
of  Asia-Minor,  Anatolia, -on  its  S.W. 
coast. 

Kardzag,  a  market  town  of  E.  Hun- 
gary, cap.  dist.  Great  Rumania,  35  m. 
S.W.  Debreezin.     P.  11,424. 

■Rarge,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland. 
P.  1,970. 

Kargopol,  a  town  of  Russia,  185  m. 
E.N.E.  Olenetz,  on  the  Onega.     P.  2,040. 

Karikal,  a  town  of  India,  ceded  to 
the  French  by  the  rajah  of  Tanjore,  1759, 
on  the  Coromandel  coast.     P.  10,000. 

Karinjah,  a  town  of  India,  Deeoan, 
Nizam's  dom. 

Kahitena,  a  vill.  of  Grreece,  cap.  gov. 
Gortynia.     P.  1,000. 

Karkissa,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
on  the  Euphrates,  at  the  influx  of  the 
Khabur. 

Karlburg,  a  market  town  of  W.  Hun- 
gary, near  the  Danube,  10  m.  S.  Pres- 
burg.     P.  2,095.  _ 

Karlo,  an  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Bothnia. 
L.  11  miles. 

Karlowitz,  a  town  of  the  Austrian 
empire,  Slavonian  military  frontier.  P. 
5,600. 

Karlsbrunn,  a  vill.  &  watering  place 

of  Austrian   Silesia. II.   a   watering 

place  of  Boheniia,  near  Zwittau. 

Kahlsburg,  a  fortified  town  of  Tran- 
sylvania, cap.  CO.,  on  the  Maros,  48  m. 
S.  Klausenburg.     P.  12,300. 

Karlshafen,  a  town  of  Central  Ger- 
many, Hessen-Cassel,  on  the  Weser,  24 
to.  N.  Cassel.  P.  1,703. — Karlsmarkt,  is 
a  vill.  of  Prussian  Silesia. 

Karlstadt,  a  royal  free  town  of  Aus- 
trian Croatia,  cap.  co.,  between  the  Kul- 
pa  &   Korona,  33  m.  S.W.   Agram.     P. 

4,454. II.  a  town  of  Bavaria.,  on  the 

Main,  14  m.  N.W.  Wiirzburg.     P.  2,160. 

Karnthen,  a  political  division  of  the 
Austrian  empire,  fi»rtning  the  N.W. 
part  of  Illyria.  Area,  3,780  sq.  m.  P. 
350,000. 


Karpfbn,  a  free  town  of  Hungary,  co. 

Sohl,  60  m.  N.  Pesth.     P.  3,800. 

Karroos,  extensive  plains  of  S.  Africa, 
Cape  Colony. 

Kars,  a  city  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  cap.  a 
pashalic,  on  the  Arpa  chain,  105  m.  N.E. 
Brzeroun.     P.  12,000. 

Karsun,  a  town  of  Russia,  65  miles 
W.S.W.  Simbirsk.     P.  4,403. 

Kartal,  a  maritime  vill.  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  14  m.  S  E.  Constantinople. 

Kartalinia,  the  N.  part  of  Georgia, 
Asiatic  Russia,  watered  by  the  Kur,  &  its 
affls. 

Karysto,  a  seaport  town  of  Greece, 
near  S.  extrem.  of  the  isl.  Euboea.  P. 
3,000. 

Kasabah,  a  stone-built  town  of  Asia- 
Minor. 

Kasan,  a  gov.  of  European  Russia  in 
the  Ev,  bounded  E.  by  Orenburg,  S.  Sim- 
birsk, W.  Novgorod.  &  N.  Viatka.  Area, 
23,970  sq.  m.     P.  1,342,900. 

Kasan,  a  city  of  Russia,  cap.  gov. 
same  name,  near  its  centre,  on  the  Ka- 
sanskn.,  4  m.  from  its  mouth  in  the  Vol- 
ga, 430  m.  E.  Moscow.     P.  57,244. 

Kasanlik,  a  town  of  Eur.  Turkey, 
Rumili,  88  m.  N.W.  Adrianople.  P.  10,- 
000.(7) 

Kasansk,  a  town  of  Russia,  Don  Cos- 
sack country,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Don,  20  m. 
E.S.E.  Bogiitchar. 

Kasbin,  a  large  fortified  town  of  Per- 
sia, prov.  Irak-Ajemi,  90  m.  N.W.  Te- 
heran. 

Kaschau.  a  royal  free  city  of  N.  Hun- 
gary, cap.  CO.  Abaujvar.  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Hernad,  finely  situated  in  a  valley,  sur- 
rounded by  vine-clad  hills,  130  m.  N.E. 
Pesth.     P.  15,600. 

Kashan,  a  town  of  Persia,  prov.  Irak- 
Ajemi,  cap.  dist.,  92  m.  N.  Ispahan,  on 
the  route  to  Teheran.     P.  uncertain. 

Kashgar,  a  considerable  city  of  Chi- 
nese Turkestan,  140  m.  N.W.  Yarkand. 
P.  16,000,  exclusive  of  a  large  Chinese 
garrison. 

Kashin,  a  town  of  Russia,  73  m.  N.E. 
Tver,  on  an  afliuent  of  the  Volga.  P. 
3,400. 

Kashira,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  &  46 
m.  N.N.E.  Tula,  on  the  Oka.     P.  2,500. 

Kasimierz,  a  town  of  Poland,  gov. 
&  28  m.  W  N.W.  Lublin,  on  the  Vistula. 
P.  2,569. 

Kasinov,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  &  67 
m.  E.N.E.  Riazan.     P  7,333. 

Kaskaskia,  a  riv..  Illinois,  rises  N. 
of  lat.  40°,  &  flowing  S.W.  for  200  m., 

joins  the  Mississippi. II.  p-v.,   cap. 

Randolph  co.  111.,  on  r.  of  same  name, 


KEFJ 


UNIVERSAL  GAZETTEEK. 


415 


7  m.  from  its  junction  with  the  Missis- 
sippi. P.  1,000.  Settled  by  the  French 
in  1683. 

Kasson,  a  state  of  W.  Africa,  N.E.  of 
Senegnmbia. 

Kassye-Gopang,  a  town  of  Scinde,  on 
rt.  b.  of  the  Indus,  28  m.  K".  Hyderabad. 

Kastamouni,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia,  on  the  Kara-su,  114  m.  N.N.E. 
Angora.     P.  12,000.  ' 

Kastellaun,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, rag.  &  21  m.  S.W.  Coblenz.  P. 
1,220. 

Kastoeea,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, Macedonia.  P.  1,800.— The  Lake 
of  Kastorea  is  nearly  circular,  &  about  6 
m.  in  1.  &  br. 

Kataba,  a  walled  town  of  Arabia, 
Yemen,  50  m.  N.N.W.  Aden. 

Katacolo,  a  cape  &  bay  of  Greece, 
gov.  Elis,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Morea. 

Katagum,  a  town  of  Central  Africa, 
Nigritia,  Houssa,  on  an  affl.  of  the  Yeu, 
135  m.  E.N.E.  Kano.     P.  8,000. 

Katahdin,  mt..  Me.,  5,300  ft.  above 
tide  water. 

Katanska,  a  riv.  of  Siberia,  enters  the 
gulf  of  Katanska,  Arctic  ocean.   L.  500  m. 

Katharinaberg,  a  mining  town  of  N. 
Bohemia,  circ.  Saaz,  16  m.  VV.  Tciplitz. 
-P.  1,250. 

Kator,  a  town  of  Scinde,  on  the  Narra 
branch  of  the  Indus,  108  m.  N.N.E.  Hy- 
derabad. 

Katrine,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  S.W.  of 
CO.  Perth,  &  5  m.  B.  Loch  Lomond.  .  L. 
10  m.;  br.  2  m. 

Katschooga,  a  thriving  entrepot  of 
trade  in  Siberia,  gov.  Irkutsk. 

Katsher,  a  frontier  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia.     P.  2,640. 

Kattegat,  an  inlet  of  the  German 
ocean. 

Kattywar,  a  dist.  of  W.  Hindostan, 
coaiprising  a  portion  of  the  interior  of 
Gujerat. 

Katunga,  &  Katungwa,  two  towns 

of  Central  Africa. 1,  cap.  of  Yarriba, 

&  II.  Houssa. 

Katyf  (El),  a  fortified  maritime  town 
of  Arabia.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  gulf  of 
Bahrein,  Persian  gulf.  It  is  stated  to 
have  an  active  trade. 

Katzbach,  a  river  of  Prussian  Silesia. 
L.  35  m.  Katzhiitte  is  a  vill.  of  Schwartzb. 
Rudolstadt,  on  the  Schwartz.    P.  1,138. 

Kaupbeuren,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Wertach,  37  m.  S.S.W.  Augsburg. 
P.  4,050. 

Kaufman,  co.,  Texas.     P.  1,047. 

Kaurzim,  a  town,  Bohemia,  cap.  circ, 
25  m.  E.S.E.  Prague.     P.  2,170. 


Kautawaubet,  N.  CO.  Mich.  Area, 
576  sq.  m.     Unorganized. 

Kavala,  a  seaport  town  of  European 
Turkey,  Macedonia,  on  the  .^gean  sea, 
opposite  the  island  Thasos.    P.  4,000. 

Kavaya,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Albania,  on  a  river  about  3  m.  from  its 
mouth,  in  the  Adriatic.     P.  10,000.(7) 

Kawan,  a  rocky  island  of  New  Zea- 
land. 

Kawbn,  a  group  of  between  60  &  70 
wooded  islands.  Pacific  ocean,  Mulgrave 
archipelago. 

Kayaderosseras,  mntns.,  N.E.  N.  Y. 
1,200  feet  high. 

Kaykakee,  a  central  eo.  Mich.  Area, 
576  sq.  m.     Unorganized. 

Kazameen,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
8  m.  N.W.  Bagdad,  on  the  Tigris. 

Kazeroon,  a  town  of  Persia,  prov.Fars, 
in  a  fine  valley,  55  m.  W.  Shiraz. 

Keady,  a  vill.  of  Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  & 
7  m.  S.S.W.  Armagh.     P.  of  vill.  1,120. 

Keang-Yin,  a  town  of  China,  86  m.  E. 
Nanking. 

Kearsley,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
Lancaster,  4  m.  S.S.E.  Bolton.     P.  3,436. 

Keasarge,  a  mountain,  Merrimac  co. 
N.  H. ;  2,461  feet  high. 

Keban-Maden,  a  mining  town,  Turk- 
ish Armenia,  83  m.  N.N.W.  Diarbekir. 

Kedesh,  a  vilL  of  Palestine,  pash.  Da- 
mascus. 

Kedgeree,  a  vill.  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

Kediri,  a  residency  of  Java,  on  the  S. 
const,  ceded  to  the  Dutch  in  1830.  P. 
215,000.     Cap.  Kediri. 

Kedje,  a  town  of  Belooehistan,  cap. 
prov.  Mekran,  on  the  Mooleanee  river. 

Kedoe,  a  Dutch  residency  of  Java, 
near  its  centre.  P.  30,000;  cap.  Magel- 
lan. 

Kedron,  a  brook  of  Palestine,  N.W. 
of  Jerusalem,  separating  it  from  the 
Mount  of  Olives,  k  thence  20  m.  E.S.E. 
to  the  Dead  sea. 

Keelang,  a  small  island  of  the  Asiatic 
archipelago,  oif  the  W.  estrem.  of  Ceram. 

Keeling  (or  Cocos)  Islands,  a  group 
in  the  Indian  ocean,  E.  Direction  island. 

Keene,  t.,  semi-cap.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H. 

P.  3,392. II.  t,  Coshocton  co.  Ohio. 

P.  1,043. 

Keernoor,  a  considerable  vill.  of  Brit. 
India,  presid.  Madras. 

Keerpoy,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  52  m.  W.  Calcutta. 

Keesville,  p-v.,  Clinton  &  Essex  cos. 
N.  Y.     P.  2,000. 

Kefil,  a  vill.  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pash. 
Bagdad,  on  a  canal  of  the  Euphrates. 


416 


CYCLOPEDIA    OK    GEOGRAPHY. 


b 


,Kehl,  a  town  of  Baden,  circ.  Middle 
Ehine,  on  the  Rhine.     P.  1,304. 

Kehlen,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov;  Luxemburg.     P.  2,400. 

Keidaun,  a  market  town  of  Russia, 
gov.  &  70  tn.  N.W.  Vilna. 

Keighley,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  York,  W.  Riding,  on  the  Aire.     P. 

Keiskamma,  a  river  of  S.  Africa,  Cape 
Colony,  eaters  the  ocean.     L.  80  m. 

Keith,  a  market  town  of  Scotland,  cos. 
BanSF  &  Elgin,  o«  the  Isla,  20  m.  W.S.W. 
Banff.     P.  4,456. 

Kelat,  the  cap.  town  of  Belooehistan, 
prov.  Kelat,  on  a  hill  6,000  feet  above 
tiie  sea,  in  iat.  28°  52'  N.,  Ion.  66°  33'  E. 
P.  12,000. 

Kelbba,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
reg.  12  r*.  E.S.E.  Nordhausen.     P.  1,080. 

Kelheim,  a  town  of  Bavai-ia,  circ.  Upp. 
Palatinate,  12  m.  S.W.  Regensburg.  P. 
2,029. 

Kelioub,  a  town  of  Lower  Egypt,  cap. 
prov.  in  the  Delta  of  the  Nile,  9  m.  N. 
Cairo. 

Kelloe,  a  pa.  of  England,  co.  &  6J  m. 
S.E.  Durham.  Area,  10,970  acres.  P. 
11,223. 

Kells,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Leinster,  co. 
Meath.     P.  4,205. 

Kelso,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  Rox- 
burgh, on  the  Tweed.     P.  4,594. 

Kelts  CH,  a  town  of  Moravia,  circ.  & 
18  m.  E.  Preraa.     P.  2,175. 

Kelvin,  a  small  river  of  Scotland. 

Kemakh,  a  small  town  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, pash.  &  85  m.  S.W.  Eraeroum. 

Kemi,  two  rivers  of  Russia,  one  enter- 
ing the  Whitg  sea,  &  the  other  the  gulf 
of  Bothnia. 

KsMNATH,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ.  15 
m.  S.E.  Baireuth.     P.  1,593. 

Kbmpsn,  two  towns  of  Prussia. 1. 

Prussian  Poland,  reg.  Posen,  33  m.  S. 
Kalicz.  P.  6,200.— IL  Rhenish  Prus., 
reg.  &  20  m.  N.W.  Diisseldorf.     P.  3,970. 

Kemper,  E.  co.  Miss.  Area,  750  sq. 
m.     P.  12,517.     Cap.  Da  Kalb. 

Kempten,    a   town  of    Bavaria,  eirc. 
Swabia,   cap.  dist.,  on  the   liler,  51  m. 
S.S.W.  Augsburg.     P.  7,788. 
^  Kkn',  or  Kent,    a  riv.  of   Engl.,  co. 
Westmoreland. 

Ken,  a  river  of  Scotland. 

Kenansville,  p-v.,  cap.  Duplin  co. 
N.  C. 

Kendal  (Kirby),  a  mkt.  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Westmoreland.  P.  36,564. 
Kendal  is  one  of  the  oldest  manufactur- 
ing towns  in  the  kingdom,  some  Flemish 
woollen  weavers  having  settled  here  in 
the  reign  of  Edward  III. 


Kendall,  N.E.  co.  111.  Area,  324  sq.  m. 
Cap.  Yorkville.  P.  7,730. II.  a  cen- 
tral co.  Me.  Area,  1,050  sq.  m.  Cap. 
Augusta.     P.  62,521. 

Keneh,  a  city  of  Upper  Egypt,  cap. 
prov.  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Nile,  34  m.  N.N.E. 
the  ruins  of  Thebes. 

Kenilwokth,  a  market  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Warwick.     P.  3,149. 

Kenkres,  a  vill.  of  Greece,  gov.  &  7 
m.  E.S.E.  Corinth. 

Kenmare,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  co.  Kerry.     P.  1,339. 

Kenmare  Rivee,  or  Bay,  is  a  deep 
inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  between  the  cos. 
Cork  &  Kerry,  N.W.  Bantry  bay. 

Kenij,   two  isls.  in  the  Persian  gulf. 

1.  Persia,  prov.  Laristan,  85  m.  W. 

Kishm. II.  an  island,  70  m.  W.  Cape 

Kenn,  prov.  Ears. III.  a  reef  in  the 

Pacific,'  off  N.E.  Australia. 

Kennebec,  a  central  co.  Me.,  cap. 
Augusta.  Area,  1,050.  P.  62,521. 
River  of  same  name  rises  in  Moosehead 
lake,  enters  the  Atlantic,  12  miles  below 
Bath.  It  is  navigable  for  ships  to 
Bath,  &  for  sloops  to  Augusta.  L. 
230  m. 

Kennebunk,  t.,  port  of  entry,  York 
CO.  Me.     P.  2,650. 

Kennebunkpoht,  t.,  York  co.  Me.  P. 
2,706. 

Kennery  Cave  Temples,  Brit.  India, 
presid.  &  a  little  N.  Bombay. 

Kennet,  a  riv.  of  Engl.,  co.  Berks. 
II.  t.,  Chester  co.  Pa.     P.  1,220. 

Kennington,  an  extensive  southern 
suburb  of  London,  co.  Surrey,  pa.  Lam- 
beth.    P.  31,289. 

Kenosha,  co..  Wis.     P.  10,732. 

Kensington,    p-t.,  Philada.   co.   Pa. 

A  suburb  of  Philada. II.  a  town  of 

Er.gland,  co.  Middlesex,  forming  a  west- 
ern suburb  of  the  metropolis,  4  m.  W.S.W. 
St.  Paul's.     P.  26,834. 

Kent,  central  co.  R.  I.  Area,  186 
sq.  m.  Cap.  East  Greenwich.  P.  15,068. 
— = — II.  central  co.  Del.    Area,  640  sq.  m. 

Cap.   Dover.       P.  22,116. ^IIL    N.E. 

CO.  Md.     Area,  240  sq.  m.     Cap.  Chester. 

P.  11,386. IV.  W.  CO.  Mich.     Area, 

576  sq.  m.    Cap.  Kent.     P.  12,016. 

V.  t.,  Litchfield  co.  Conn.     P.  1,759. 

VI.  p-t.,  Putnam  co.  N.  Y.      P.  1,557. 

VII.  a  maritime  co.  of  England,  at 

the  S.E.  extremity  of  Great  Britain, 
nearer  to  the  continent  than  any  other 
part  of  the  island.     Area,   1.557  sq.   m. 

VIII.  a  CO.  of   Upper  Canada,   W. 

dist.,  between  the  lakes  Brie  &  St.  Clair, 

cap.  town  Chatham,  on  the  Thames. 

IX.  a  maritime  co.',  W.  Austrt\lia,  extend- 


ker] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


417 


ing  W.  from  Doubtful  Island  bay. 

X.  a  CO.  of  Tasmania,  S.W.  the  rv.  Huon. 
Co.  town  Ramsgate,  on  Recherche  bay. 
— Kent  islands  are  a  group  at  the  E.  end 
of  Ba.ss'  strait. 

Kenton,  N.co.,  Ky.     Area,  150  sq.  m. 

Cap.    Independence.      P.  17,038. II. 

p-v.  ciip.  Hardin  co.  0. 

Kentucky,  one  of  the  U.  S.,  in  the 
central  pai  t  of  the  union,  mostly  between 
lat.  36°  20'  &  39°  N.,  &  Ion.  82°  &  89°  20' 
W.,  having  N.  &  W.  the  Ohio  river,  sep- 
arating it  from  the  states  Ohio,  Indiana, 
&  Illinois  ;  E.  Virginia,  S.  Tennessee,  & 
W.  the  Mississippi,  dividing  it  from  Mis- 
souri. Greatest  leng.,  400  m.,  br..  170  m. 
Area,  41,000  sq.  m.  P.  in  1840,  779,828, 
of  whom  182,258  were  slaves;  in  1850, 
982,405,ofwhom  210,981  were  slaves.  Sur- 
face in  the  S.E.  is  broken  by  the  Cumber- 
land mntns.,  a  branch  of  the  AUeghanies  ; 
in  the  centre  is  a  rich  undulating  tract, 
bordering  the  Ohio,  it  is  hilly  &  well 
wooded,  as  in  the  level  lands  of  the  W. 
Principal  rivers,  besides  the  Ohio  &  Mis- 
sissippi, are  the  Cumberland,  Green,  Ken- 
tucky, Licking,  &  Tennessee,  all  affls.  of 
the  Ohio.  Soil  rests  throughout  on  a  bed 
of  limestone,  apertures  in  which  greatly 
diminish  the  rivers  in  dry  seasons.  Oats, 
wheat,  tobacco,  &  hemp,  are  staple  pro- 
ducts. The  crop  of  tobacco  is  second 
only  to  that  of  Va.  The  rearing  of  hor- 
ses, mules,  cattle,  &  hogs,  for  export, 
may,  however,  be  ranked  as  the  prime 
object  of  rural  industry.  The  horses 
amount  to  nearly  half  a  million,  &  the 
breed  is  greatly  esteemed  throughout  the 
Union.  Salt,  from  mineral  springs,  is 
exported  in  large  quantities  ;  iron,  coal, 
marble,  lime,  &  nitre,  are  other  mineral 
products.  Manufs.  of  cottons,  woollens, 
iron-wares,  cordage,  &  maple  sugar,  are 
increasing;  &  the  capital  invested  in 
manufs.  is  over  6,000,000  dolls.  Imports 
&  exports  are  chiefly  through  New  Or- 
leans, by  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  rivers. 
Kentucky  has  93  m.  of  railway  in  opera- 
tion &  446  m.  in  course  of  construction. 
The  Louisville  &  Portland  canal,  avoid- 
ing the  rapids  of  the  Ohio,  2^  m.  in  length, 
.•wiiaits  the  largest  steamers,  &  cost  730,- 
000  dollars.  State  debt,  $4,397,637  81. 
Rev.  in  1850,  8593,602  29.  Value  of 
taxable  property  in  1830,  $299,331,809. 

Rep.  in  Cong.  10.     Csp.  Frankfort. 

11.  river,  rises  in  the  Cumberland  mntn;., 
A  flowing  through  the  state  of  Kentucky, 
after  a  course  generally  IST  N;W.,  joins 
the  Ohio  at  Carrollton.  It  has  been 
made  navigable  forstciimors  throughout 
260  m. 

16^^ 


Kenty,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland,  on 
the  Sola,  35  m.  W.S.W.  Cracow.  P. 
3,621. 

Kenzingen,  a  walled  town  of  Baden, 
circ.  Upper  Rhine,  on  the  Elz,  15  m. 
N.N.W.  Frieburg.     P.  2,515. 

Keocloch,  a  mntn.on  the  W.  coast  of 
Scotland,  co.  Ross. 

Keokuk,  p-v.,  Lee  co.  Iowa.     P.  500. 

Kerasun,  a  seaport  town  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  pash.  &  70  m.  TV.  Trebizond,  on 
the  Black  sea.     P.  3,000.  (?) 

Kerbela,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
pash.  Bagdad,  28  m.  N.W.  the  ruins  of 
Babylon. 

Kerek,  a  town  of  Syria,  50  m.  S.E. 
Jerusalem. 

Kerensk,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  &  93 
m.  W.N.W.  Pensa,  on  the  Kerenga.  P. 
7,000. 

Kereea,  an  island  of  the  W.  coast  of 
Scotl.,  CO.  Argyle,  in  the  sound  of  Mull. 

Keresztur,  several  vills.  of  Hungary. 

Kerguelen  Land,  or  Island  of  Des- 
olation, an  island  uf  the  Indian  ocean, 
its  S.  extremity.    L.  100  m.,  br.  50  m. 

Kerka,  a  river  of  Dalmatia,  flows  S., 
&  enters  the  Adriatic. 

Kerkeni,  an  island  group  of  the  Med- 
iterranean, belonging  to  Tunis,  in  the 
gulf  of  Cabes,  the  principal  island  being 
150  m.  S.S.E.  Tunis. 

Kerkhah,  a  riv.  of  Persia,  &  rises  by 
numerous  heads,  flows  mostly  S.,  k  joins 
the  Shat-El-Arab  (Euphrates).  L.  320 
miles. 

Kerkinit,  Gulf  of,  an  inlet  of  the 
Black  sea,  on  the  N.W.  side  of  the  Crimea. 

Kerkit-Chiftlik,  a  market  town  of 
Turkish  Armenia,  86  m.W.  Erzeroum. 

Kerkook,  a  town  of  Turkish  Kurdis- 
tan, 155  m.  N.  Bagdad. 

Kerlouan,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
den.  Finistere,  18  m.  N.N.E.  Brest.  P. 
3,362. 

Kerman,  a  prov.  of  Persia,  having  S. 
the  Persian  guif,  &  landward  the  riv. 
Area,  65,000sq.m.  P.600,000.  Surface 
mostly  mntnous.  &  barren. — -Kerman,  or 
Serjan,  a  fortified  city,  cap.  prov.  Ker- 
man.    P.  30,000. 

Kersianshah,  a  fortifd.  city  of  Persia, 
near  the  Kerkhah,  80  m.  W.S.W.  Rama- 
dan.    P.  30,000. 

Kernuk,  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  cap. 
territory  Loggan,  on  the  S.  side  of  L. 
Tchad.     P.  15,000. 

Kerpen,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
13  m.  S.W.  Cologne,  on  the  Erft.  P. 
2,540. 

Kerry,  a  marit.  co.  in  the  S.W.  part 
of  Ireland,   Munster,  having  N.  the  es- 


418 


CYCLOP.'EDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[kha 


tuary  of  the  Shannon.  P.  238,241,  a  large 
proportion  of  whom  speak  only  the  Irish 
tongue.  Surface  extremely  wild,  rugged, 
&  mntnous. 

Kerry-Head,  a  lofty  promontory  of 
Ireland,  Munster,  co.  Kerry,  S.  of  en- 
trance to  Shannon. 

Kershaw,  N^E.  dLst.  S.  C.  Area,  792 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Camden.     P.  14  473. 

Kertch,  a  seaport  town  of  S.  Russia., 
gov.  Taurida,  in  the  Crimea,  on  the  strait, 
&  8  m.  W.  Yenikale.     P.  1,000. 

Kervignac,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan,  5  m.  E.  L' Orient.  P. 
2,448. 

Keshan,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Rulnili. 

Keshin,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Arabia,  on  its 
S.E.- coast. 

Keskkauko,  N.  CO.  Mich.,  (unorgan- 
ized.) 

Kesmark,  a  free  town  of  N.  Hungary, 
circ.  Zips,  on  the  Poprad,  125  m.  N.E. 
Pesth.     P.  4,200. 

Kessel,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Limt)urg.  P.  1,09.1. — Kesselsdorf 
is  a  vill.of  Saxony,  W.  Dresden. 

Kessel-Bashi-Nor,  a  lake  of  Chi- 
nese Turkestan,  near  the  sources  of  the 
Irtish  river.     L.  80  m.  br.  25. 

Kessing,  an  isl.  of  the  Asiatic  archi- 
pelago, oif  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Ceram. 
Circum.  45  m. 

Kesteven  (Parts  of),  a  subdiv.  of 
the  Engl.  co.  Lincoln,  forming  its  S.W. 
part.     Area,  445,560  ac.     P.  92,359. 

Keswick,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl.,  co. 
Cumberland,  on  the  Greta.     P.  2,442. 

Keszthely,  a  mkt.  town  of  W.  Hun- 
gary, CO.  Szalad,  near  the  W.  extremity 
of  L.  Balaton,  96  m.  S.  Presburg.  P. 
7,410. 

Ketley,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  Salop. 
P.  2,642. 

Ketskemet,  the  largest  mkt.  town  of 
Hungary,  between  the  Danube  &  Theiss, 
CO.  &  m'm.  S.E.  Pesth.     P.  42,081. 

Kettering,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl.,  co. 
Northampto:!.      P.  4,867. 

Kettwig,  a  town,  Rhenish  Prussia,  13 
m.  N.E.  Diisseldorf.     P.  2,700. 

Keynsham,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  Somer.-et,  on  the  Avon. 

Keys  (The),  or  Cays,  are  the  islets  & 
reefs  al^g  the  shores  of  Honduras,  Cen- 
tral America,  &  in  other  parts  of  the  W . 
Indies;  the  princip.il  being  the  Great 
Kov,  Bahama.     Lat.  21°  4.5'  N.,  Ion. 71° 

40'"W. II.  a  group,  E.  Arehlp.,  W.  of 

the  Aro3  isls.  [Ki  Islands.] — Key 
(  West),  is  an  island,  U.  S..  at  the  entrance 
of  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  GO  m.  S.W.  the  S. 


extremity  of  Florida,  having  on  its  N.W. 
side,  a  harbor  admitting  the  largest  ves- 
sels, &  a  vill. 

Keyton,  &  Keykra,  two  towns  of 
N.W.  Hindostan. 

Keytesville,  p-v.,  cap.  Chariton  co. 
Mo. 

Kezanlik,  a  large  town  of  European 
Turkev,  Rumili,  88  m.  N.W.  Adrianople. 
P.  10,000. 

Kezdi-Vasarhely,  a  mkt.  town  of 
Transylvania.  P.  2,736. — Kezd-Szaaz 
is  a  mkt.  town,  4  m.  S.E.  Segesvar.  P. 
4,900. 

Khabur,  two  rivers  of  Asiatic  Turkey. 

1,  pnshs.  Diarbekir  &  Bagdad,  flows 

S.   &  joins  the    Euphrates.      L.  190  m. 

II.   pashs.  Van  &   Koordistan,  flows 

S.  &  joins  the  Tigris,  65  m.  N.W.  Mosul. 
L  50  m. 

Khafaloun,  a  town  of  W.  Tibet,  cap. 
of  a  rajahship,  having  about  12,000  in- 
habitants. 

Khaibae,  a  town  of  Arabia,  prov. 
Hedjiiz,  100  m.  N.N.E. Medina,  &  cap.  of 
an  indep.  Jewish  territory. 

Khai-fung,  &  Khai-Hoa,  2  cities  of 
China  ;  the  former  cap.,  prov.,  on  the  Ho- 
ang-ho,  300  m.  N.W.  Nanking  ;  the  latter, 
cap.  dep.,  near  the  Tonquin  frontier. 

Khairabad,  a  vill.  of  the  Punjab,  on 
the  Indus. 

Khalkas  Country,  the  N.  part  of 
Mongolia,  Chinese  empire,  having  N. 
Siberia,  &,  W.  Chinese  Turkestan.  Sur- 
face in  a  great  part  mountainous  ;  else- 
where consisting  of  vast  plains  &  steppes. 

Khalki,  one  of  the  Princes  isls.,  sea 
of  Marmora,  S.E.  Constantinop-.o. 

Khamil,  or  Hami,  a  city  of  Chinese 
Turkestan. 

Khamih,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Persia,  prov. 
Laristan,  opposite  Laft,  in  the  island 
Kishm. 

Khangur,  two  vllls.  of  the  Punjab, 
between  the  Chenab  &  Indus  rivers. — 
Kkangurh  is  a  vill.  in  the  Indian  desert, 
66  m.  S.  Bhawlpoor. 

Khanhaila.  a  toivn  of  N.W.  Hin- 
dostan, 55  m.  S.W.  Bhawlpoor. 

Khania,  a  fortified  seaport,  &  tho 
principal  commercial  town  of  Crete,  cap. 
prov.,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  isl.,  64  m. 
W.N.W.  Candia.     P.  8,000. 

Khanka,  two  towns  of  Central  Asia, 

indep.  Turkestan. 1,  khanat  &  30  m. 

E.N.E.  Khiva. 

Khanpoor,     several    towns    of  S.W. 

Hindostan. ^T.   dom.   &    78   m.  S.W. 

Bhawlpoor.     P.  20,000. II.    Punjib, 

near  the  Chenab,  7  ra.  N.W.  Jhung. 

III.  Punjab,  40  m.  E.  of  Attock. 


KHO] 


UKIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


419 


Khansa,  a  town  of  Nepaul,  on  a  tribu- 
tary of  the  Ganges. 

Khaban,  a  town  of  N.  Belooohistan, 
46  m.  S.W.  Sarawan,  cap.  dist.,  in  the 
midst  of  a  desert  region. 

Kharesm,  the  N.  part  of  the  territory 
of  Khiva,  Central  Asia. 

Khahgeh  (El),  a  town  of  Upp.  Egypt, 
cap.  of  the  Great  Oasis,  98  m.  S.W. 
Girgeh.     P.  6,000. 

Khakijah,  an  inland  town  of  Arabia. 
P.  3,000. 

Kharkov,  a  gov.  of  European  Kussia, 
in  the  S.  Area,  20,931  sq.  m.  P. 
1,467,400. 

Kharkov,  a  city  of  European  Russia, 
cap.  gov.  Khnrkova,  at  the  confl.  of  the 
Lopau  &  Khankova,  affls.  of  the  Don, 
420  m.  S.S.W.  Moscow.     P.  35,000. 

Kharput,  a  town  of  Turkish  Armenia, 
pash.  &  60  m.  W.N.W.  Diarbekir. 

KHARTOOM,.the  modern  cap.  town  of 
Nubia,  on  one  of  the  heads  of  the  Nile. 
P.'  15,000. 

Khasgunge,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  in  the  Doab,  -60  m.  N.E. 
Agra. 

Khash,  a  town  &  fort  of  W.  Affghanis- 
tan,  on-  the  Kash-rood.  P.  2,000.— The 
Khash-rood  enters  the  Hamoon  lake, 
after  a  S.W.  course  of  about  180  m. 

Khatmandoo,  the  cap.  town  of  Ne- 
paal,  in  a  mountainous  region,  about  145 
m.  N.N.W.  Patna.     P.  20^000. 

Khawak,  the  most  E.  pass  across  the 
Hindoo  Koosh,  Kafiristan,  100  m.  N.E. 
Cabool.     Elev.  13,000  feet. 

Khediwaei,  one  of  the  navigable 
mouths  of  the  Indus,  at  its  delta. 

Khetr,  two  towns  of  Britisli  India, 
presid.   Bombay. — — I.    dist.  S.    Concan, 

93  m.  S.S.E.  Bombay. II.  dist.  Can- 

deish,  104  m.  E.S.E.  Surat. 

Khelidonia,  a  cape  &  group  of  islets 
Asia-Minor,  Anatolia,  on  S.  coast. 

Khelmos,  a  mountain  of  Greece,  Mo- 
rea.  gov.  Kyllenia.     Elev.  7,654  ft. 

Khemlassa,  a  town  of  India,  dom.  & 
140  m.  S.  Gwalior. 

Khengunpoor,  &  Kheorah,  two  vills. 
of  the  Punjab. 

Kherson,  a  gov.  of  S.  Piussia,  having 
S.  the  Black  sea.  Area,  28.305  sq.  ra. 
P.  766,500.  Surface  in  the  N.  imdulat- 
ing,  &  covered  with  forests,  elsewhere  a 
wide  steppe  or  prairie. 

Kherson,  a  fortified  town  of  S.  Rus- 
sia, cap.  gov.  Kherson,  on  r.  b.  of  the 
Dnieper,  92  m.  E.N.E.  Odessa.  P. 
30,000. 

Khin-gan  Mountain?,  is  a  name  ap- 
plied to  two  extensive  uinratain  chains 


of  E.  Asia,  one  between  the  Russian  & 
Chinese  doras.,  the  other  separating  Man- 
chooria  &  Mongolia. — The  Khlng-gan- 
Oola  is  a  portion  of  the  great  mountain 
chain  of  Asia,  separating  the  Russian  & 
Chinese  empires. 

Khing-Yang,  &  Khing-Yuan,  two 
cities  of  China. 

Khini  &  Khinis,  two  towns  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  the  former  43  m.  N.E.  Diar- 
bekir, with  450  families.  The  latter,  45 
m.  N.N.E.  Moosh,  with  about  130  houses. 

Khiong-tchou,  the  cap.  city  of  the 
island  Hainan. — Khm-tchou  is  a  city  of 
China,  cap.  dep.,  100  m.  S.W.  Hang- 
chow-foo. 

Khiva,  a  country  of  independent  Tur- 
kestan, having  N.  the  Kirghiz  steppe  & 
the  sea  of  Aral,  B.  Bokhara  &  the  Kara- 
kalpack  territory,  S.  Khorassan  (Persian 
dom.),  &  Y{.  the  Caspian  sea.  P. 
200,000. — Khiva.,  the  cap.,  is  in  an  irri- 
gated plain  near  the  Oxus.     P.  10,000. 

Khoi,  a  town  of  N.  Persia,  cap.  dist., 
on  a  tributary  of  the  Kur,  20  m.  N.  Lake 
Urumea.     P."30,000. 

Khojend,  a  populous  town  of  Central 
Asia,  independent  Turkestan,  khanat  & 
50  m.  W.  Khokan,  on  the  Jaxartes. 

Khokan,  a  khanat  of  Central  Asia, 
independent  Turkestan,  having  E.  Chi- 
nese Turkestan.  Surface  mountainous, 
&  it  comprises  a  part  of  the  lofty  region 
W.  of  the  great  plateau  of  B.  Asia. — l 
Khokan,  cap.  above  khanat,  on  the  Jax- 
artes, about  280  m.  N.W.  Kashgar,  & 
N.E.  Samarcand. 

Kholm,  a  town  of  Russia,  cap.  dist.,  on 
the  Lowat,  103  m.  S.E.  Pkov.     P.  2,000. 

II.    a    vill.,    gov.   Smolensk,    N.W. 

Viazma. — Khobnicz  is  a  mkt.  town  of 
Russian  Poland,  on  the  Dnieper. 

Kholmogory,  a  town  of  Russia,  32  m. 
S.B.  Archangel,  cap.  dist.     P.  1,600. 

Khonsar,  a  town  of  Persia,  83  m. 
W.N.W.  Ispahan.     P.  12,000. 

Kkooloom,  Khulm,  a  town  of  Central 
A^s!a,  60  m-.  S.W.  Koondooz,  on  Khooloom 
riv  ,  a  tributary  of  the  Oxus.     P.  10,000. 

Khoonawur  Pass,  one  of  the  loftiest 
a.;r.-..-s  the  Himalaya.     Elev.  20,000  feet. 

Khorasan,  a  prov.  of  Persia,  between 
lat  34°  &  38°  N.,  &  Ion.  53°  &  61°  E. 

Khore,  is  the  prefixed  name  of  va- 
rious bays  in  the  East. 

Khorol,  a  tn.  of  Russia,  60  m.  W.N.W. 
Poltavrt,  on  the  Khcrol. 

Khoeum-abad,  a  town  of  Persia,- 93 
m.  S.E.  Kermanshah.  It  consists  of  about 
1,000  honacs.—Khurrumabad  is  a  vill. 
of  Mazanderan,  80  m.  W.  Amol. 

Kno-sRAr-SHAH,    a  vill.   &   valley  of 


420 


CYCLOPJCDIA    OF    GSOGRAPHr. 


[kik 


Persia,    prov.    Azerbijan,    the    former  ' 
S.W.  Tabriz.  ! 

Khotan,  a  town  of  Chinese  Turkestan.  _ 
on  the  route  between  Yarkand  &  Lapa. 

Khotmtjsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  75  m. 
SS.W.  Koursk,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Vorskla. 
P.  2,400. 

Khozdar,  a  decayed  town,  Belooehis- 
tan. 

Khulkal,  a  town  of  Persia,  45  m. 
S.S.E.  Ardabil. 

EJauLM,  a  town.  Central  -A^ia. 

KauMArLEA,  a  populous  town  of  Hiu- 
dostan,  75  m.  If.W.  Joonaghur. 

Khcrd-Kabool,  a  vill.  of  Affghanis- 
tao,  chiefship  &  16  m.  S.E.  Cabool,  eler. 
7,466  ft. 

Ehubbumabad,  a  large  Till,  of  N. 
Persia,  near  the  Caspian  sea,  SO  m.  TV. 
Amol. 

Khczistak.  a  pror.  of  Persia,  mostlv 
between  lat.  30°  &  33°  I^.,  &  Ion.  46°  & 
51°  E.     Surface  mostly  mounta;Dou.=. 

Khvalyxsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  115  m. 
N.E.  Saratov,  on  rt.  b.  of  Volga.  P. 
3,000. 

Ketstbee  Pass,  Aifgbanistan,  is  the 
principal  N.  pass  into  that  country  from 
Hindostan. 

Khyen  Couxtky,  a  region  of  Further 
India,  between  lat.  19°  &  24°  N.,  &  Ion. 
93°  &  95°  E. 

Khyen-dwem,  a  rir.  of  Further  In- 
dia, rises  in  the  kiugioni  Bong,  flows 
mostly  S.  between  the  Cassay  &  Burmese 
doms.,  &  joins  the  Irrawady.     L.  400  ra. 

Khteepooe.  a  town  of  Scinde,  15  m, 
E.  of  the  Indus.     P.  15,000. 

Khtbabad,  several  towns  of  India  <fc 
Affghanistan,  ihe  prineiDal  being  in  dom. 
&  100  m.  W.N.W.  Oude' 

Ehyegaon,  a  town  of  Scinde,  on  an 
arm  of  the  Indus.     P.  3,000. 

Khybpoob,  a  town  of  K^.W.  Hindostan, 
dom.  &  32  m.  !N.E.  Bhawlpoor,  near  the 
Ghara. II.  {K.-Dahr),  a  consider- 
able town  of  Soinde,  50  m.  N.E.  Roree. 

Khytul.  a  town  of  X.W.  Hindostan^ 
97  m.  ]!f.W.  Delhi. 

Ki,  or  Key  Islands,  a  group  rn  the 
Malay  archipelago,  consisting  of  the 
Great  &  Little  Hi,  Watelu,^  &  some 
smaller  islands,  near  lat.  5°  S..  Ion.  133° 
E.  P.  10,000.  The  Great  Ki  is  about 
45  m.  in  length,  &  mountainous. 

KiAcHTA,  a  town  of  Siberia,  ISO  m. 
S.E.  Irkutsk,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Se- 
lenga,  close  to  the  Chinese  frontier.  P. 
5,000. 

KiA-HiNG,  a  city,  China,  en  the  Im- 
perial canal,  50  m.  N.E.  Hang-chow  foo. 

Ki.\MA,  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  in 


dist.  of  same  name,  state  Borghoo,  70  m. 
S.W.  Boussa. 

KiAMisHi,  r.,  Ind  terr. 

KiANG-si,  a  prov.  of  China,  between 
lat.  24°  &  30°  Jf.,  &  Ion.  113°  20'  &  118° 
30'  E.    P.  23,046,999..  ' 

EjANG-sr,  a  marit.  prov.  of  China, 
haviDg  E.  tiie  Yellow  sea.  P.  37,843,- 
501.     Surface  mostly  level. 

KiANKABY,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia. 

KlAN-KIKG,      &       EJOW-TCHA25G,      twO 

cities  of  China,  the  former,  cap.  dep.  95 
m.  X.TT.  Foo-chow;  the  latter,  cap.  dep. 
46  m.  S.E.  Foo-chow. 

KiDDEKMixsTEE,  a  manufacturing  t. 
of  England,  co.  Worcester,  on  both  sides 
of  the  Stour,  15  m.  !N.  Worcester.  P. 
32,933.  Kadderminster  wp3  noted  for  its 
woollen   manufs.  in  the  reign  of  Henry 

tt:ii. 

Kidbos,  Pydna{7),  the  most  If.  vill. 
of  Thessaly,  European  Turkey,  30  m. 
S.W.  Salunica. 

Kidwelly,  a  small  port  of  S.  Wales, 
CO.  &  9  m.  S.  Carmarthen.  P.  1,563.  A 
bridge  connects  the  old  &  new  towns. 

Kief,  a  gov.  &  city  of  Russia.    [Kiev.} 

Kiel,  a  seaport  town  of  Denmark, 
duchv  Holstein,  on  a  fine  bay  of  the  Bal- 
tic, 53  jn.  N.N.E.  Hamburg.     P.  14,000. 

KiELCE.  a  citv  of  Poland,  cap.  prov., 
64  in.  y.X.E.  Cracow.     P.  5>100. 

KiELDKECHT,  a  coaim.  &  vill.  of  Bel- 
gJuiB,  jprov.  E.  Flanders,  IB  m.  IT.  Den- 
dermonde.    P.  2,532. 

KiEN-LtTNG,  a  town  of  Tibet,  42  m.  S. 
GaTdc&;h,  with  hot  sulphur  springs. 

KiEOu,  an  initial  name  of  several  cities, 
<iC.,  China, — the  '  principal  being  K-- 
kiang-.  prov.  Kiang-si,  cap.  dep. 

KiEETEMiNDB,  a  seaport  town  of  Den- 
mark isl.  Fiihnen,  on  its  E.  coast.  P.  1,600. 

Kiev,  a  government  of  European  Rus- 
sia, in  the  S.W.  Area,  1,942  sq.  m.  P. 
1,605,800.  Surface  flat,  watered  by  the 
Dniester,  which  forms  its  E.  limit. 

Kiev,  a  fortfd.  city  of  Europ.  Russia, 
cap.  prov.  Kiev,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Dnieper, 
670  m.  S.  St.  Petersburg.  P.  45,000.  It 
is  the  seat  of  the  governor-general  of 
Little  Russia. 

KxFBi.  a  town  or  vUl.  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, pa<h.  &  108  m.  N.E.  Bagdad. 

KiEEi-,  a  town  of  Assam,  proT.  Ton- 
quin.  OTi  a  river,  SO  m.  E.  Cachao. 

Kikiay,  a  group  cf  small  islands,  N. 
Paciae,  .S.  of  Japan  &  X.  of  the  Loo-choo 
islands. 

KiKLSDA.  INagy,  a  town  of  E.  Hun» 
g&ry,  oo.  Toror.taL  36  m.  W.X.W.  Temes- 
T.-vr.    P.  with  10  vills.  12,344. 


kim] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


421 


SiKiNEis,  a  large  Tartar  vill.  of  Rus- 
sia, gov.  Taurida,  near  the  Black  sea. 
P.  1,000  (7) 

KiKiwHARY,  a  considerable  town  of 
the  Ashantee  dom.,  Guinea,  50  m.  S. 
Coomassie.     P.  12,000.(7) 

KiLA,  &  KiLLA,  the  names  of  many 
forts  &  vills.  of  Affghanistan. 

KiL  &  Kill,  prefixes  to  numerous 
towns  of  Ireliind. — Kilbeggan,  a  market 
town,  Leinster,  CO.  Westmeath.  P.  1,910. 
— Kilcock,  a  mkt.  town,  Leinster,  co. 
Kildare,  3  m.  TV.N.W.  Maynooth.  P. 
1,537. — Kilcullen- Bridge,  a  small  town, 
Leinster,  co.  Kildare,  on  the  Liffey.  P. 
1,056.— Ki/finane,  a  vill.,  Munster,  co. 
Limerick,  5  m.  S.E.  Kilmallock.  P.  of 
vill.  1,782. — Kilkee,  a  small  town,  Muns- 
ter, CO.  Clare,  on  the  beautiful  bay  of 
same  name,  8  m.'W.N.W.  Kilrush.  P. 
1,481. — Kilkeel,  a  town,  Ulster,  co.  Down, 
on  the  Kilkeel,  1  m.  above  its  mouth  in 
the  Irish  sea.  P.  1,146. — Kilkerran  bay, 
is  a  large  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  on  the 
W.  coast,  Connaught,  co.  Galway,  district 
Connemara.— .S'iWaZZa,  a  small  seaport 
town,  Connaught,  co.  Mayo,  on  a  large 
inlet  of  the  Atlantic  bearing  the  same 
name,  7i  m.  N.N.W.  Ballina.  P.  1,446. 
—  Killaloe,  a  thriving  market  town, 
Munster,  eo.  Clare,  beautifully  situated 
on  the  Shannon,  11m.  N.jST.E.  Limerick. 
P.  2,783. — Killarney  {Lakes  of),  three 
connected  lakes  in  the  S.W.  Ireland,  co. 
Kerry. —  Eillenaide,  a  small  ill-built 
town,  Munster,  co.  Tipperary.  P.  1,786. 
— Killough,  a  small  seaport  town,  Ulster, 
CO.  Down,  on  a  bay  of  same  name,  form- 
ing a  good  harbor,  \^  m.  "W.S.W.  Ard- 
glass.  P.  1,148. — Killyleagh.,  a  seaport 
town,  Ulster,  co.  Down,  16  m.  S.S.E.  Bel- 
fast. P.  1,116. — Kllmactliomas,  a  town, 
Munster,  co.  &  12  m.  W.S.W.  TVaterford. 
P.  1,197. — Kilrea,  a  mkt.  town,  Ulster, 
CO.  Londonderry,  on  the  Bann,  13  m. 
W.N.W.  Ballymena.  P.  1,19 1. —Kilrush, 
a  seaport  &  market  town,  Munster,  co. 
Clare,  27  m.  SW.  Ennis.  P.  5,071.— 
Kilworth,  a  market  town,  Munster,  co. 
Cork,  on  the  Puncheon,  2^  m.  N.N.E. 
Fermoy.     P.  1,772. 

KiLBAECHAN,  a  town  of  Scotland,  eo. 
Renfrew,  5*  m.  W.S.W.  Paisley.  P. 
2,332. 

KiLDA  (St.),  an  island  in  the  Atlan- 
tic, 82  m.  W.  Harris  (HebridesV  P. 
109. 

KiLDAHE,  an  inland  co.  of  Ireland, 
Leinster.  Area,  651  sq.  m.  P.  96,627. 
Surface  mostly  flat.  Chief  rivers  the 
Boyne,  Barrow,  &  Liffey. —  Kildare,  a 
market  town,  in  above  co.,  on  the  Great 


S.  &  "W.  railway,  30  m.  W.S.W.  Dublin. 
P.  1,629. 

KiLGAEROW,  a  town  of  S.  Wales,  eo. 
Pembroke,  on  the  Teify,  4  m.  S.E.  Car- 
digan.    P.  1,149. 

KiLiA,  a  town  of  the  Russian  dom.,  on 
the  Kilia,  or  north  arm  of  the  Danube, 
at  its  delta,  12  miles  from  its  mouth. 
P.  7,000. 

KiLiMANDjARO,  a  snowy  mntn.  of  E. 
Africa,  discov.  1847,  supposed  one  of  the 
"mntns.  of  the  Moon,"  in  lat.  3°  40'  S., 
Ion.  36°  E.,  elev.  20,000  ft.(7) 

KiLisEH-Koi,  a  vill.  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia,  on  a  lake  68  m.  S.  Brusa. 

Kilkenny,  an  inland  co.  of  Ireland, 
Leinster.  Area,  about  790  sq.  m.  P. 
139,934.  Surface  slightly  undulatiag, 
with  a  slope  towards  the  S.  Chief  rivers, 
the  Nore,  Barrow,  &  Suir. — Kilkenny,  a 
city,  cap.  above  co.,  &  a  co.  of  itself,  on 
the  Nore,  62  m.  S.W.  Dublin.  P.  20,283  ; 
of  CO.  23,625.  It  is  divided  by  the  river 
into  the  Irish  &  English  towns,  &  is  well 
built  of  stone.  The  woollen  manuf., 
early  introduced  by  the  Butler  family,  is 
very  much  depressed,  &  the  condition  of 
the  lower  classes  is  wretched. 

KiLLiECRANKiE,  a  famous  pass  thro' 
the  Grampian  mntns.  in  Scotl.,  co.  Perth, 
15  m.  N.W.  Dunkeld. 

KiLLiNGLY,  t.,  Windham  co.  Conn.  P. 
4,543, 

KiLLiNGTON  Peak,  Vt.,  a  summit  of 
the  Green  mntns.     Elev.  2,924  ft. 

KiLLiNGWOETH,  t.,  Middlesex  CO.  Conn. 

P.  1,130. II.  a  tushp.  of  England,  co. 

Northumberland,  5  m.  N.E.  Newcastle. 

KiLLis,  a  town  of  Syria,  pash.  &  38  m. 
N".  Aleppo.     P.  2,000. 

Kilmarnock,  a  manuf.  town  of  Scotl., 
eo.  &  12  m.  N.N.E.  Ayr  (with  which  town, 
&  with  Glasgow,  it  is  connected  bj'  rail- 
ways). &  on  the  Irvine.  Though  long  & 
straggling,  it  is  well  built.     P.  21,913. 

KiLMUN,  a  sea-bathing  vill.  of  Scotl., 
CO.  Argyle,  at  the  head  of  Holy  Loch,  an 
inlet  of  the  firth  of  Clyde,  8  m.  N.W. 
Greenock. 

KiLEENNY,  a  seaport  of  Scotland,  co. 
Fifa,  on  the  N.E.  shore  of  the  firth  of 
Forth,  8*  m.  S.S.E.  St.  Andrew's. 

Kilsyth,  a  mkt.  town  of  Scotland,  co. 
Stirling,  12^  m.  N.E.  Glasgow.    P.  4,106. 

Kilwinning,  a  mkt.  town  of  Scotl.and, 
CO.  Ayr,  on  the  Glasgow,  3  m.  N.N.W. 
Irvine. 

KiMBEEWORTH,  a  tnshp.  of  England, 
CO.  York,  W.  Riding.     P.  5,066. 

Kir-iBOLTON.  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  &  10  m.  W.S.W.  Huntingdon.  P. 
1,6^:. 


422 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[kin 


KiMiTO,  a  vill.  of  Finland,  laen  &  26  m. 
S.S.E.  Abo,  on  an  island  of  same  name. 
The  island  is  25  miles  long  &  13  miles 
broad. 

KiMOLOs,  an  isl.  of  the  Grecian  arch- 
ipelago, gov.  Syra,  in  the  ^gean  sea, 
immediately  N.W.  Milo.  Area,  25  sq.  m. 
P.  200. 

KiMPiNA,  a  town  of  Wallachia,  74  m. 
N.N.W.  Bucharest. 

KiMPOLUNG,  a  town  of  Wallachia,  near 
a  pass  into  Transylvania,  80  m.  N.AV. 
Bucharest.     P.  4,000. 

Kin,  a  small  isl.  of  Russia,  gulf  of 
Livonia,  22  m.  S.W.  Pernau.  Also 
several  towns  of  China. 

Kincardine,  a  seaport  town  of  Scot- 
land. CO.  &  25  m.  S.S.W.  Perth,  on  the 
firth  of  Forth.     P.  2,875. 

Kincardineshire,  or  The  Mearns, 
a  marit.  co.  of  Scotland,  having  E.  the 
North  sea  Area,  382  sq.  m.  P.  33,075. 
A  great  part  of  the  ca.  is  occupied  by  the 
Grampian  mntns.,  of  ■vhich  Mount  Bat- 
tock  rises  to  nearly  3,500  feet. 

Kindelbruck,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  reg.  &  20  m.  N.  Erfurt,  on  the 
Wipper.     P.  2,020. 

KiNDERHOOK,  p-t.,  Columbia  co.  N.  T. 
The  birth-place  &  residence  of  Martin 
Van  Buren.     P.  3,972.— Creek  of  same 

name    in  the  co. II.  S.W.   co.  Mo. 

Area,  520  sq.  m.     Cap.  Oregon. 

Kineshma,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  & 
55  m.  E.S.E.  Kostroma,  on  the  Volga.  P. 
2,000. 

KiNETON,  a  market  town  &  pa.  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  &  9  m.  S.S.E.  Warwick.  P. 
1,248.  .The  famous  battle  of  Edgehill 
was  fought  in  the  vicinity,  a.d.  1642.  «• 

King,  several  towns  of  China;  one  in 
prov.  Chi-li,  150  m.  S.  Pekiu,  is  stated  to 
have  three  triumphal  arches,  &  a  tower 
11  stories  in  height. — King  Island  is  a 
lofty  &  rugged  islet  of  the  N.  Pacific. 

King  &  Queen,  co.  E.  Va.     Area,  335 
sq.  m.     Cap.  King  &   Queen  c.  H.,  near  j 
Mattapony  r.'    P.  10,319.  i 

King  Charles'  South  Land,  a  name 
of  the  largest  island  of  Tierra  del  Fuego.  I 
Mount  Sarmiento  rises  to  7,000  ft.  j 

King  George,  co.  E.  Va.  Area,  1,254 
sq.  m.  _  Cap.  King  George  c.  h.,  which 
is  82  m.  fcoin  Richmond.    P.  5,971.  ] 

King   George    Archipelago,    Russ.  j 
America,  is   mostlf  between  lat.  56°    &  i 
58°  N.,  &  about  Ion.  135°  W.     Principal 
isls.,  Sitka  &  Baranov. 

King  George  Islands,  Pacific  ocean. 
Lat.   15°  S.,  Ion  144?  40'  W.,  were  dis- 
covered by  Byron  in  1765. — (Rirer),  E.  | 
Africa,  enters  Delagoa  bay  on  its  N.  side.  ■■ 


— (Sound),  W.  Australia,  dist.   Planta- 
genet.     It  is  a  fine  roadstead. 

KiNGHORN,  a  seaport  of  Scotland,  co. 
Fife,  on  the  firth  of  Forth,  3  m.  S.S.W. 
Kirkcaldy.     P.  1,542. 

Kingroad,  in  the  Bristol  channel,  is 
at  the  mouth  of  the  riv.  Avon. 

Kingsbridge,  a  market  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Devon,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Eng- 
lish channel,  navigable  for  vessels  of  70 
tons,  33  m.  S.S.W.  Exeter.     P.  1,564. 

Kingsbury,  p-t.,  Washington  co.  N.Y. 
P.  3,032. 

Kingsclere,  a  market  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  &  31  m.  N.N.E.  Southampton. 
P.  2,732. 

King's  County,  Ireland,  prov.  Lein- 
ster.  P.  112,81*5.  Surface  fiat  except  in 
ths   S.     Principal  rivers,   the    Shannon, 

Brosna,   Barrow,   &   Boyne. II.   co. 

N.  Y.,  on  W.  end  of  L.  I.  Area,  76  sq. 
m.     Cap.  Brooklyn.     P.  133,882. 

KiNGScouRT,  a  market  town  of  Eng- 
land, Ulster,  CO.  Cavan,  5  m.  S.W.  Car- 
rickmacross.     P.  1,614. 

KiNGSEssiNG,  p-t.,  Philadelphia  ca. 
Pa.     P.  1,339. 

King's  Island,  an  isl.  of  Australasia, 
Bass'  strait,  60  m.  S.  Cape  Otway.  L. 
35  m. ;  b.  15-  m.  It  is  uninhabited,  & 
very  dangerous  to  shipping. 

Kingsley,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
Chester.     P.  1,007. 

Kjng's  Mountain,  p-v.,  Cleveland 
CO.  ]!*r.  C.  The-  scene  of  a  revolutionary 
battle. 

Kingston;    t.,  Rockingham  eo.  N.  H. 

P.   1,032.-^ IL  t.,  Plymouth  co.  Mass. 

III.  p-t.,  cap.  Ulster  Co.  N.  Y  ,  on  the 

Hudson  r.  P  10,236 IV.  p-t.,  Luzerne 

CO.  Pa.   P.  2,004. V.  p-v.,  cap.  Roane 

CO.  Tenn.,  at  the  junction  of  Tennessee  & 

Clinch  rivers. -VI.  p-v.,  cap.  Antauga 

CO.   Ala. VII.  p-v.,  cap.  Lenoir  co. 

N.  C,  80  m.  from  Raleigh. VIII.  the 

principal  commercial  city  &  seaport  of 
Jamaica.,  co.  Surrey,  on  its  S.  coast,  on 
the  N.  side  of  a  fine  harbor.  P.  35,000. 
It;  stands  on  a  gentle  slope,  &  is  regularly 

laid  out. IX.  a  town  of  Upper  Canada, 

on  the  site  of  Fort  Frontenac,  at  the  N.E. 
extremity  of  Lake  Ontario,  &  at  tag 
mouth  of  the   Cataraqui,  150  m.  E.N.E. 

Toronto.       P.  6,123. X.    {or  Kinss- 

toicn),  a  town,  cap.  island  St.  Vincent, 
British  W.  Indies,  on  its  S.W.  coast.  P. 
4,769.     It  is  regularly  built. 

Kingston- UPON-TH.4.MES,  a  town  of 
England,  co.  Surrey,  on  the  E.  bank  of 
the  Thames,  10  ra.  W.S.W.  London.  P. 
26,788. 

Kingstown,  a  seaport  town  &  water- 


kir] 


UNIVJSRSAL    GAZETTKER. 


423 


ing-place  of  Ireland,  co.  &  on  the  bay  of 
Dublin,  on  railway,  7  m.  S.E.  Dublin.  P. 
7,229.    It  is  finely  situated. 

KiNGsviLLE,  p-t.,  Ashtabula  co.  0.  P. 
1,418. 

KiNGswooD,  a  vill.  of  England,  co. 
Glos'ter,  3  m.  jST.E.  Bristol. 

KiNG-TCHOu,  a  fortified  city  of  China, 
prov.  Hou-pe,  cap.  dep.,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Yang-tze-kiang. 

KiNG-TE-TCHiANG,  a  town  of  China, 
prov.  Kiang-si,  95  m.  N.E.  Nan-tchang. 
It  is  the  principal  seat  of  the  manufs.  of 
porcelain  in  China,  for  which  it  is  said 
500  furnaces  are  employed. 

Kington,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  &  18  m.  N.W.  Hereford.     P.  3,131. 

KiNG-ToNG,  a  city  of  China,  prov.  & 
125  m.  S.W.  Yun-nan,  cap.  dep.,  in  a 
mntnous.  country,  near  a  source  of  the 
Tonquin  river. 

King  William,  co.  B.  Va.  Area,  270 
sq.  m.  Cap.  King  William  c.  h.,  38  m. 
from  Richmond.     P.  8,779. 

King  William's  Cataract,  a  fine 
fall  of  the  Essequibo  river,  British  Grui- 
ana. — K.  W.  island  is  in  Dampier  strait, 
E.  archipelago,  S.  Waygiou. 

KiNGWooD,  p-t.,  Huuterdon  co.  N.  J. 
P.  2,947.  II.  p-v.,  cap.  Preston  co. 
Va. 

KiN-HOA,  a  city  of  China,  prov.  Che- 
kiang,  72  m.  S.S.W.  Hang-chow-foo. — 
Kin-kui-jin  is  a  seaport  towQ  on  W.  side 
of  Great  Loo-Choo  island. 

Kinnaird's-Head,  a  promontory  of 
Scotl.,  CO.  Aberdeen,  projecting  into  the 
N.  sea. 

Kinross,  a  town  of  Scotl., '  cap.  co. 
Kinross,  on  Loch  Leven,  at  its  W.  end, 
14  m.  S.S.E.  Perth.     P.  2,062. 

KiNROss-sHiEE,  the  smallest  co.  of 
Scotland,  having  E.  &  S.  co.  Fife,  &  W.  & 
N.  CO.  Perth.     Area,  70  sq.  m.     P.  8,913. 

KiNSALE,  a  seapt.  &  town  of  Irel.,  Mun- 
stor,  CO.  &  13  m.  S.S.W.  Cork.  P.  6,897— 
The  Old  Head  of  Kinsale  is  a  promont. 
projecting  about  3  m.  into  the  Atlantic, 
4^  m.  S.S.W.  the  entrance  of  Kiasale 
harbor,  &  8  m.  S.  the  town. 

KiN-sHAN,  an  isl.  of  China,  in  the 
Yang-tse  kian^  riv.,  nearly  opposite  the 
mouth  of  the  Grand  Canal. 

KiN-TCHOu,  a  town  of  Manchooria, 
Bear  the  frontiers  of  China  &  Corea, 
nearly  8  m.  from  the  N.  shore  of  the  gulf 
of  Leao-tong. 

KiNTYRE,  a  peninsula  of  Scotland,  be- 
tween the  firth  of  Clyde  &  the  Atlantic 
ocean,  forming  the  S.  extrem.  of  the  co. 
Argyle.  L.  40  m.;  av.  br.  6J  m.  P. 
19,313. 


Kin- YANG,  a' city  of  China,  prov.  Kan- 
su,  cap.  dep.,  in  lat.  36°  42'  N.,  Ion.  105° 
42'  E. 

Kin- YUEN,  a  city  of  China,  prov. 
Quang-si,  cap.  dep.,  in  lat.  24°  26'  N., 
Ion.  105°  50'  E. 

KiNziG,    2    rivs.    of    Germany. 1. 

Wiirtemberg  &  Baden,  joins  the  Rhine. 

L.  45  m. II.  Hessen-Cassel,  joins  the 

Main  near  Hanau. 

KioGE,  a  marit.  town  of  Denmark,  isl. 
Seel  and,  on  Kioge  bay,  an  inlet  of  its  B. 
coast,  21  m.  S.S.W.  Copenhagen.  P. 
2,300. 

KioLEN,  a  mountain  chain  of  Scandi- 
navia, between  Sweden  &  Russian-Lap- 
land &  Norway  &  Finmark.  Mount  Su- 
litelma,  its  highest  point,  is  5,956  ft.  in 
elevation. 

KioNG-TCHOu,  a  maritime  city  of  Chi- 
na, cap.  the  isl.  Hai-nan  on  its  N.  coast. 
P.  100,000. 

Kio-TsiNG,  a  city  of  China,  prov.  Yun- 
nan, cap.  dep.,  70  m.  E.N.E.  Yun-nan. 

KiPCHAK,  a  vill.  of  Central  Asia,  dom. 
&  70  m.  N.E.  Khiva,  on  the  Oxus. 

KipPBNHEiM,  a  market  town  of  Baden, 
circ.  Upper  Rhine,  11  m.  E.N.E.  Zell.  P. 
1,917. 

KippuBE,  a  mountain  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  11  m.  S.S.W.  Dublin.  Elev. 
2,473  ft. 

KiRCHBERG,  nums.  small  towns  &  vills. 

of  Germany. ^I.  Saxony,  circ.  Zwickau, 

23   m.   S.W.   Chemnitz.      P.   4,149. 

II.  Rhenish  Prussra,  reg.  &  30  m.  S.S.W. 
Coblenz.  P.  1,523.  Other  places  of 
same  name  in  Austria,  &c. 

KiRCHDORF,  a  town  of  N.  Hungary,  co. 
Zips,  23  m.  W.  Eperies,  with  3,500  in- 
habitants. 

KiECHHAYN,  two   towns  of  Germany. 

r.  H.-Cassel,  prov.  Upper  Hessen,  on 

the  Ohm,  8  m.  E.    Marburg.     P.  1,819. 

II.  Prussia,  prov.  Brandenb.,  66  m. 

S.W.  Frankfurt-on-the-Oder.     P.  2,135. 

KiRCHHEiM,  several  towns  of  S.  Ger- 
many.  1.  Wiirtemberg,  circ.  Danube, 

10  m.  S.E.  Stuttgart.      P.  5,256. IL 

{K.  Bolanden),  Rhenish  Bavaria,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Donnersberg,  18  m.  N.N.E. 
Kaiserslautern.     P.  3,120. 

KiRENSK,  a  town  of  Siberia,  gov.  & 
410  m.  N.N.E.  Irkutsk  on  the  Lena.  P. 
1,500. 

Kirghiz  Country  or  Steppe,  an  ex- 
tensive region  of  Central  Asia,  embracing 
all  the  N.  part  of  Turkestan  between  lat. 
44°  &  55°  N.,  &  Ion.  53°  &  82°  E.,  partly 
independ.,  &  partly  comprised  in  the 
Russian  governs.  Orenburg  &  Tomsk. 
Estim.   area,    1,533,000.      P.   2,260,000. 


424 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    OEOGRAPHT. 


[kit 


Surface  traversed  by  many  mountain 
chains,  but  it  chiefly  consists  of  barren 
plains,  abounding  in  salt  lakes,  some  up- 
wards of  100  m.  in  length,  &  into  which 
th«  principal  rivers  pour  themselves. 
The  pop.  is  almost  wholly  nomadic. 

KiRiA,  a  town  of  Chinese  Turkestan, 
130  m.  E.S.E.  Khoten.  It  has  an  active 
trade  with  Yaikand. 

KiRiLOv,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  &  265 

m.  E.N.E.  Novgorod.     P.  2,163. Ki- 

rilovsk  is  a  town,  cap.  circ,  gov.  &  W. 
Ekaterinoslav. 

KiRiN-ooLA,  a  town  of  Manchooria, 
cap.  its  S.  division  on  the  Soungari. 

Kirk,  a  prefix  of  the  names  of  numer- 
ous towns  &  pas.  in  Great  Britain.  For 
those  not  undermentioned,  see  separate 
names  following. — Kirkby  Lonsdale,  a 
mkt.town,  co. Westmoreland,  on  the  Lune, 
11  m.  S.S.E.  Kendal.  P.  1,285.— ZirAr&y- 
Stephen,  a  market  town,  co.  Westmore- 
land, 22  m.  S.E.  Penrith.  P.  1,345.— 
Kirkdale  a  township,  co.  Lanca.ster,  2  m. 
N.  Liverpool,  within  which  pari.  bor.  it 
is  included.  P.  4,268. — Kirkhain,  a 
market  town,  co.  Lancaster.  SJ  m. 
W.N. AV.  Preston.  P.  2.903.  It  i.s  hand- 
somely "built. — Kirkintilloch,  a  burgh,  of 
barony,  mkt.  town,  Dumbartonshire,  6| 
m.  N.N.B.  Glasgow.  P.  6,698.  It  is 
very  irregularly  built — Kirkland,  a 
township,  CO.  Westmoreland,  pa.  &  ad- 
joining the  town  of  Kendal.     P.  1,222. 

Kirk-Adhadj,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia,  52  m.  N.E.  Smyrna. 

Kirkcaldy,  a  seaport  &  manufactur- 
ing town  of  Scotland,  co.  Fife,  on  the  N. 
shore  of  the  Firth  of  Forth,  11  m.  N. 
Edinburgh.     P. 

Kirkcudbright,  a  seaport  town  of 
Scotland,  cap.  co.,  on  the  estuary  of 
Dee,  6  m.  above  its  junction  with  the 
Solway  firth,  28  m.  S.W.  Dumfries.  P. 
2,774. 

Kirkcudbrightshire,  a  marit.  co.  in 
the  S.W.  of  Scotland,  forming  the  E. 
half  of  the  district  of  Galloway.  Area, 
855  sq.  m.     P.  43,310. 

KiRKKiLissiA  (the  "forty  churches"), 
a  large  &  ruinous  town  of  European 
Turkey,  Rumili,  32  m.  E.N.E.  Adriano- 
ple.     P.  20,000. 

Kirkland,  p-t.,  Oneida  co.  K.  Y.-  P. 
3,421. 

Kirkwall,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland, 
cap.  CO.  Orkney,  on  a  bay,  on  the  N.E. 
side  of  Mainland,  26  m.  N.N.B.  John 
O'Groat's.     P.  3,331. 

KiRKWOQD,  t.,  Belmont  co.  0.  P. 
2,279. 

Kirriemuir,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  & 


5  m.  "S.W.  Forfar.  P.  3,067.  The  town, 
finely  situated  between  the  Grampians  & 

the  vale  of  Strathraore. 

Kirsanov,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  &  44 
m.  E.N.E.  Tambov.     P.  3,1)00. 

Kir-Shehr,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor,  near 
its  centre,  on  an  aiHuent  of  the  Kizil- 
Irmak,  60  m.  N.  W.  Kaisarieh.     P.  4,000. 

KlRTARPOOR  &  KiRTHIPOOR,  tWO  toWnS 

of  Hindostan  ;  the  former,  in  the  Punjab, 
near  the  Himalaya;  the  latter,  Nepaul. 

KiRTLAND,  p-t.,  Lake  co.  Ohio.  P. 
1,778. 

KiRTON-iN-LiNusEY,  a  market  town 
of  England,  co.  &  17  m.  N.  Lincoln.  P. 
1,335. 

KiRTORF,  a  snw-ll  town  of  H.  Darm- 
stadt, prov.  Upoer  Hessen,  25  m.  N.E. 
Giessen.     P.  1,276. 

KisAMOS,  a  fortified  maritime  town  of 
Crete,  on  its  N.  coast,  on  the  bay  of  Kisa- 
mos,  18  m.  W.  Khania. 

KisARiAH,  a  ruined  maritime  town  of 
Syria,  pash.  &  26  m.  S.S.W.  Acre. 

KisHENAGUR,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  57  m.  N.N.E.  Calcutta. 

-  KisHENAU,  a  town  of  Russia,  cap.  gov. 
Bessarabia,  on  the  Bulk,  85  m.  N.W. 
Odessa.     P.  43,000. 

KisHENGHUR,  two  towns  of  Hindostan. 

1.  Bundelcund,  100  m.  S.E.  Jhansi. 

II.  Rajpootana,  cap.  a  dom.  of  about 

724  sq.  m.,  60  m.  S.W.  Jeypoor. 

KisHM,  the  largest  isl.  in  the  Persian 
gulf,  near  its  entrance,  15  m.  S.W.  Ormuz, 

6  surrounded  by  many  smaller  islands. 
L.  70  m. ;  av.  br.  12  m.  Estim.  p.  5,000; 
— Kislim,  the  cap.,  on  its  E.  side,  is  rudely 
fortified,  &  the  residence  of  a  sheikh. 

KisHON,  a  river  of  Palestine. 

KisKA,  an  isl.,  N.  Pacific,  Andreanov 
group. 

KisKiMiNETAs,  p-t.,  Armstrong  co.  Pa. 
P.  2,287. 

Kisser,  an  isl.  of  the  Malay  archip., 
N.E.  of-  Timor,  20  m.  in  circum.  P. 
8,000. 

KissiNGEN,  a  town  &  watering-place 
of  Bavaria,  on  the  Saale,  30  m.  N.N.E. 
Wiirtzburg.  P.  1,600.  It  has  three  prin- 
cipal springs  of  saline-chalybeate  water, 
of  which  500,000  bottles  are  annually 
exported. 

KisTNAGHERHV,  a  tov-^n. of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Madras,  dist.  &  60  m.  N.  Salem, 

KiSTNAH,  a  river  of  India,  Deccan, 
rises  in  the  W.  ghauts,  flows  E.,  &  enters 
the  ocean  by  sever:;!  mouths  in  lat.  15° 
50'  N.,  Ion.  81°  E.     L.  600  m. 

KiTSEE,  a  frontier  market  town  of  W. 
Ilungarv,  co.  Wieselburg,  5  m.  S.S.W. 
Prcsburg.    P.  3,100. 


KNO] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


42£ 


KiTTANiNG,  p-t.,  Armstrong  co.  Pa. 
P.  1,323. 

KiTTATiNY  Mountains,  branch  of  the 
Ajleghnny,  extending  through  the  N. 
part  of  N.  J. 

KiTiERY,  t.,  York  CO.  Me.     P.  2,706. 

*KiTTOOR,  a  town  of  British  India,  pre- 

sid.  Bombay,  dist.  &  22  m.  N.W.  Dharwar. 

KiTTs  (St.),  W.  India  island.     [Cris- 

TOPHER,  St.] 

KiTziNGEN,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ. 
Lower  Franconia,  on  the  Main,  11  m. 
E.S.E.  \Viirzburg.     P.  5,170. 

Kiusiu,  the  most  S.  of  the  3  principal 
islnnds  of  Japan,  in  the  Pacific  ocean, 
separated  from  Corea  by  the  strait  of 
Corea,  &  from  Niphon  island  by  the  strait 
of  Sikoke. 

Kiz,  a  vi'.l.  of  Asia-Minor,  Karamania, 
38  m.  N.E.  Erekli. 

Kizil-Aghaj,  a  vill.  of  Turkish  Arme- 
nia, pasb.  &   10  m.  W.  Moosh. II.  a 

mp,rit.  vill.  of  Asiatic  Russia,  on  a  bay 
of  the  W.  coast  of  the  Caspian. 

Kizil-Irbiak,  the  principal  river  of 
Asia-Minor,  rises  by  many  heads  in  the 
centre  of  that  peninsula,  flows  N.,  &  en- 
ters the  Black  sea,  S.E.  Sinope.  L.  520  m. 
In  antiquity  it  separated  the  Lydian  & 
Persian  doms. 

KiziL-OuzEN,  a  river  of  Persia,  rises 
near  Senna,  &  after  a  N.E.  course  of  300 
m.  enters  the  Caspian  sea,  35  m.  B.  Reshd. 

KizLjAR,  a  fortified  town  of  Russia, 
prov.  Caucasus,  on  the  Terek,  50  m.  W. 
its  mouth,  in  the  Caspian.     P.  12,000.(7) 

Klagenfuet,  town,  lllyria,  cap.  duchy 
Carinthia,  &  of  a  circ.  on  the  Gl:in,  41  m. 
N.  Laybach.    P.  14,200.    It  is  well  built. 

Klahentza,  a  seaport  vill.  &  mntn. 
fortress  of  Greece,  gov.  Elis,  at  the  W. 
extremity  of  the  Morea,  17  m.  N.E.  Zante. 

Klattau,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  cap. 
circ,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Beraun,  68  m. 
S.W.  Prague.     P.  6,564. 

Klausen,  a  small  town  of  the  Tyrol, 
on  the  Eisach,  7  m.  S.TV.  Brixen. 

Klausenburg,  one  of  the  two  royal 
free  cap.  cities  of  Transylvania,  on  the 
Szamos,  72  m.  N.N.W.  Hermanstadt.  P. 
22,000. 

Kliasma,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  near 
Klin,  flows  E.  350  m.,  &  joins  the  Oka  at 
Gorbatov. 

Klin,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  &  40  m. 
N.N.W.  Moscow,  on  the  Sestra.   P.  2,400. 

Klingenberg,  a  town,  Bavaria,  on  the 
Main,  15  m.  S.  Aschaffenburg.    P.  1,007. 

Klingenthal,  a  coaim.  &  vill.  of 
France,   dep.    B.  Rhin,   15    m.  N.N.W. 

Sehelestadt. II.  a  vill.  of  Saxon  v,  circ. 

Zwickau,  13  m.  E.S.E.  Plauen.     P."  1,691. 


Klingnau,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Aargau,  on  the  Aar,  16  m.  N.E.  Aarau. 
P.  1,300. 

Klissura,  a  town  of  Albania,  on  the 
Voyussa,  40  m.  E.  Avlona,  with  a  mntn. 
fort.     P.  1,500. 

Kliutch,  a  town  of  Turkish  Croatia, 
on  the  Sanna,  30  mr  S.W.  Banialuka.  P. 
mostly  Turks. 

Klintzy,  a  market  town  of  Russia,  17 
m.  S.  Suraj.     P.  3,300. 

Klobauk,  a  market  town  of  Moravia, 
circ.  &  21  m.  E.N.E.  Hradisch.  P.  2,896. 
— Klobucko  is  a  small  town  of  Poland, 
prov.  &  70  m.  S.E.  Kalisch,  with  1,800 
inhabs. 

Klodava,  a  town  of  Poland,  prov.  & 
90  m.  W.  Warsaw.     P.  2,300. 

Klosterle,  a  small  town  of  Bohemia, 
circ.  &  16  m.  W.N.W.  Saaz,  on  the  Eger. 
P.  1,600. 

Klosterneuburg,  a  town  of  Lower 
Austria,  on  the  Danube,  8  m.  N.W.  Vi- 
enna.    P.  3.800. 

Klundeht,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  N.  Brabant,  12  m.  N.W.  Breda.  P. 
2,444. 

Klus,  a  market  town  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Soleure. 

KNARESBORorrGH,  a  market  town  of 
Engl.,  CO.  York,  W.  Riding,  16  m.  W.N.W. 
York. 

Kniaginin,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  & 
50  m.  S.E.  Nijnii  Novgorod.     P.  1,600. 

Kniesen,  a  town  of  N.  Hungary,  co. 
Zips,  15  miles  N.E.  Kesmark.  P. 
1,480. 

Knighton,  a  town  of  South  Wales,  co. 
Radnor,  on  the  Teme,  10  m.  N.N.E.  New 
Radnor.     P.  1,404. 

Knigktsbridge,  a  W.  suburb  of  the 
English  metropolis,  co.  Middlesex. 

Knight's  Island,   British   America, 

near  the  W.  coast  of  Hudson  sea. II. 

one  of  the  Snares  islands,  S.  of  New 
Zealand. 

Knin,  a  small  town  &  fort,  Dalmatia, 
circ.  Zara,  cap.  dist.,  on  the  Kerka,  35  m. 
N.N.W.  Spalato. 

Kniphausen,  a  lordship  &  castle  of  N. 
Germany,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Jahde,  30 
m.  N.  Oldenburg.     P.  3,000. 

Knittlefeld,  a  town  of  Styria,  on 
I.  b.  of  the  Mur,  32  m.  N.W.  Gratz.  P. 
2,000. 

Knittlingen,  a  frontier  town  of  Wiir- 
temberg,  circ.  Neckar,  26  m.  N.W.  Stutt- 
gart.    P.  2,392. 

Knock,  a  mntn.  of  Scotland,  co.  &  11 
m.  W.S.W.  Banff.  Height,  2,500  feet 
above  the  sea. 

Knocklade,  a  mntn.  of  Irel.,  Ulster, 


426 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[kol 


CO.  Antrim,  2f  m.  S.  Ballycastle.  Height, 
1,695  feet. 

Knockmahon,  avill.  of  Ireland,  Mun- 
ster,  CO.  Waterford,  near  the  Atlantic,  IJ 
m.  E.N.E.  Bonmahon.  P.  255.  It  has 
copper  mines. 

Knockmeledown  Mountains,  Ire- 
land, Munster,  extend  E.  &  W.  for  about 
18  m.  Their  highest  point,  Knockmele- 
down, is  2,690  feet  in  elev. 

Knowlton,  p-t.,  Warren  co.  N.  J. 
P;  2,307. 

Knox,  E.  co.  Tenn.     Area,  864  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Knoxville.     P.  18,755. II.  S.E. 

CO.  Ky.    Area,    495  sq.  m.     Cap.    Bar- 

bourville.      P.  7,050. III.  a  central 

CO.  0.     Area,  618  sq.  m.     Cap.  Mount 

Vernon.     P.  28,873. IV.  S.W.  co.  la. 

Area,   640  sq.  m.     Cap.  Vincennes.     P. 

11,084. V.  N.W.  CO.  111.     Area,  792 

sq.  m.     Cap.  Knoxville.     P.  13,279. 

VI.  p-t.,  Albany  co.  N.  Y.     P.  2,143. 

VII.  t.,  Holmes  co.  0.    P.  1,180. VIII. 

t.,  Jefferson  co.  0.    P.  1,529. IX.  co. 

Mo.     P.  2,894. 

Knoxville,  p-v.,  cap.  Crawford  co.  Ga. 

II.  city  &  cap.  Knox  co.  Tenn.,  on 

Holston  r.,  183  m.  from  Nashville.    East 

Tenn.  Coll.  is  here.     P.  2,076. III. 

p-v.,  cap.  Knox  co.  III.,  near  Haw 
river. 

Knutsfobd,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  &  24  m.  E.N.E.  Chester.     P.  4,000. 

Koang-siu,  a  city  of  China,  prov.  Ki- 
ang-si,  cap.  gov.,  130  m.  E.  Nan-chang. 

KoBBE,  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  cap. 
Darfur,  about  lat.  14°  11'  N.,  Ion.  28°  8' 
E.     P.  6,000. 

KoBRiN,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
gov.  &  100  m.  S.E.  Grodno,  cap.  dist.,  with 
4,300  inhabs. 

Kobylanka,  a  vill.  of  G-alicia,  circ,  & 
near  Jaslo,  with  a  celebrated  shrine  vis- 
ited by  50,000  pilgrims  annually. 

KoBYLiAKi,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  & 
37  m.  S.W.  Poltava.     P.  5,820. 

Kobvlin,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
reg.  &  50  m.  S.S.E.  Posen,  cap.  circ,  on 
the  Orla.     P.  2,270. 

Kocher,  a  river  of  Wiirtemberg,  in 
N.E.,  joins  the  Neckar;  1.  70  miles. 

KocH-HissAR,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor, 
Karamania,  on  the  E.  bank  of  a  large  salt 

lake,  the   anc.  Tattasa  Palus. II.    a 

ruined  town  of  Turkish  Armenia,  pash. 
Diarbekir,  W.  of  Mardin. 

KoDA,  a  town  of  Soinda.     P.  2,200. 

KoDEN,  a  town  of  Poland,  prov.  Sied- 
lec,  on  the  Bug,  23  m.  E.S.E.  Biala.  P. 
2,506. 

KoDiAK,  an  isl.  of  Russian  America, 
S.E.   the   peninsula    Aliashka.      Shape 


very  irregular  ;  1.  75  m.,  br.  50  m.    Sur- 
face mountainous. 

KoERMOND,  a  town  of  W.  Hungary,  co. 
Eisenburg,  on  the  Raab,  24  m.  S.  G-iins. 
P.  3,400. 

KoESFELD,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, cap.  circ,  20  m.  W.  Miinster,  on 
the  Berkel.     P.  3,510. 

KoGENHEiM,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Bas-Rhin,  7  m.  N.N.E.  Schelestadt. 
P.  1,324. 

KoH,  a  prefix  of  the  names  of  several 
islands  in  the  gulf  of  Siam  ;  the  largest 
being  Koh-Dud. 

KoHAT,  a  town  of  Affghanistan,  25  m. 
S.  Peshawer. 

KoH-HissAB,  a  ruined  city  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  12  m.  S.W.  Mardin. 

Koh-i-Baba,  a  mntn.  range  of  Aff- 
ghanistan. off  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the 
Hindoo  Coosh.     Height,  17,640  ft. 

Koh-i-Damaun,  a  dist.  of  Affghanis- 
tan, N.  of  Cabool. 

KoHisTAN,  is  a  name  applied  to  the 
N.  part  of  Affghanistan,  &  to  several  por- 
tions of  Beloochistan&  Persia. 

KoHREN,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circ.  &  24 
m.  S.S.E.  Leipzig,  on  the  Sprottau.  P. 
1,033. 

KojETEiN,  a  town  of  Austria,  Moravia, 
circ.  &  10  m.  S.W.  Prerau,  on  an  affl.  of 
the  March.     P.  2,836. 

KojUK  Pass,  Affghanistan,  traverses 
the  Amran  mntns. 

KoKEL  (Great  &  Little),  two  rivers 
of  Transylvania,  which,  after  a  W.  course 
of  upwards  of  100  m.  each,  unite,  &  the 
united  stream,  joins  the  Maros. 

KoKELAY,  a  marit.  town  of  Ceylon, 
on  its  E.  coast. 

Ko-KiNG,  a  city  of  China,  prov.  Yun- 
nan cap.  dep.,  on  the  Yang-tze-kiang  & 
Tibet  frontier. 

Ko-KO-NOR,  a  lake  of  the  Chinese  em- 
pire, W.  China-proper,  lat.  37°  N.,  Ion. 
100°  E.,  70  miles  in  1.  by  40  m.  in  br. 

Kola,  a  town  of  Russian  Lapland, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Kola  fiver  in  the 
Arctic  ocean.     P.  1,000. 

KoLDiNG,  a  marit.  town  of  Denmark, 
prov.  N.  Jiitland,  30  m.  E.N.E.  Ribe.  P. 
2,600. 

KoLiAziN,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  &  80 
m.  E.N.E.  Tver,  on  the  Volga.     P.  4,590. 

KoLiN  (New),  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on 
the  Elbe,  35  m.  E.  Prague.     P.  5,800. 

KoLiNGsoo,  a  small  island  of  China,  in. 
the  harbor  of  Amoy. 

KoLLEDA,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
34  m.  W.S.W.  Meresburg,  on  the  Loose.  ^ 
P.  4,100. 

KoLLUM,   a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 


*V 


KOO] 


UNIVERSAL  GAZETTEER. 


427 


prov.  Friesland,  8  m.  S.E.  Dokkum.     P. 
1,000. 

KoLo,  a  t5wn  of  Poland,  40  m.  N.E. 
Kaliscb,  on  an  island  in  the  Warta.  P. 
3,400. 

KoLOMEA,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
cap.  oirc,  on  the  Pruth,  112  m.  S.E.  Lem- 
berg.    P.  6,980. 

Kolomna,  a  town  of  Russia,  58  m. 
S.S.E.  Moscow,  on  the  Volga.    P.  13,000. 

KoLOs,  a  mlit.  town  of  Transylvania, 
12  m.  E.  Klausenburg.     P.  3,180. 

Kolyma,  a  large  riv.  of  N.E.  Asia, 
Siberia,  gov.  Yakutsk.  Enters  the  Arctic 
ocean.     L.  700  ra. 

Kolyvan,  a  small  town  of  Asiatic 
Russia,  110  m.  S.AV.  Tomsk,  on  the  Obe, 
with  valuable  lead  &  gold  mines.—  The 
Kolyvan  Mountains  are  a  spur  of  the 
Lesser  Altai. 

KoMLOs,  a  mkt.  town  of  Hungary,  30 
m.  W.N.W.  Teraesvar.  P.  4,950.— A'om- 
motau  is  a  town,  Bohemia,  10  m.  N.N.W. 
Saaz.     P.  3,725. 

KoMORN,  a  royal  free  town  of  Hun- 
gary, cap.  CO.  same"  name,  48  m.  W.N.W. 
K  Buda,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Danube.  P.  20,320. 
The  citadel  of  Komorn,  constructed  by 
■  ,  Corvinus,  &  extended  in  1805,  is  con- 
sidered one  of  the  strongest  in  Europe. 
It  was  long  unsuccessfully  besieged  by 
the  Austrians  in  1849.- 

Komotapoor,  a  ruined  town  of  British 
India,  presid.  &  prov.  Bengal. 

Kong,  an  e.xtensive  mntn.  system  of 
Central  Africa,  between  Nigritia  <fc  Lower 

Guinea. II.  a  town  of  Central  Africa, 

BOO  m.  S.  Timbuctoo. 

Kong- CHANG,  a  city  of  China,  prov. 
Kan-su,  cap.  dep. 

Kongen,  a  mkt.  town  of  Wurtemberg, 
on  the  Neckar,  5  m.  S.E.  Esslingen.  P. 
2,039. 

KoNGSBERG,  a  town  of  Norway,  43  m. 
"W.S.W.  Christiania.  on  the  Lauwen-Elv. 
P.  3,935. 

KoNGsviNGER,  a  mntn.  fortress  of 
Norway,  stift  Aggershuus,  45  m.  E.N.E. 
Christiania. 

KoNiGGRATZ,  a  town  of  Austria,  Bo- 
hemia, cap.  circ  ,  64  m.  E.N.E.  Prague, 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Elbe.     P.  8,454. 

KoNiGiNHOF,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circ. 
&  16  m.  N.  Koniggratz,  on  the  Elbe.  P. 
4,610. — Konigsaal  i§  a  vill.  of  Bohemia, 
circ.  Beraun,  7  m.  S.  Prague.     P.  1,000. 

KoNiGSEACH,  a  mkt.  town  of  Baden, 
10  m.  S.E.  Carlsruhe.     P.  1,700. 

KoNiGSBERG,  a  fortified  city  of  Prussia, 
&  2d  cap.  of  the  kingdom,  338  m.  E.N.E. 
Berlin,  on  the  Pregel,  5  m.  from  its 
mouth.      P.    72,400.      The    university, 


founded  1544,  had,  in  1844,  341  students, 
a  library,  a  botanic  garden,  &  an  astro- 

nom.  observatory. II.  a  waited  town, 

prov.  Brandenburg,  42  m.  N.  Frankfurt. 

P.  5,060. III.  Bohemia,  circ.  &  11  m. 

S.W.Elbogen,  ontheBger.   P.  3.890 

lY.  AV.  Hungary,  co.  Bars,  on  the  Gran, 
I  66  m.  N.N.W.  Buda.     P.  3,950. 
i      KoNiGSBRtJcK,  a  town  of  Sa.xony,  17  m. 
I  N.N.E.  Dresden.     P.  1,740. 

KoNiGSEE,  a  town  of  Germany,  on  the 
Rhine,  17  m.  W.S.W.  Rudolstadt.  P. 
2,0B0 .^Konigseckwald  is  a  vill.  of  Wiir- 
temberg. 

KoNiGSEGG,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  31  m. 
S.E.  Tabor.     P.  2,859. 

KoNiGSHiJTE,  a  vill.  of  Prussian  Sile- 
sia, 54  m.  E.S.E.  Op  eln.     P.  1,560. 

KoNiGSLUTTER,  a  town  of  N.  Germany, 
duchy  Brunswick,  9  m.  W.N.W.  Helms- 
tadt,  on  the  Lutter.     P.  2,520. 

KoNiGS-sEE,  a  picturesque  lake  of 
Upper  Bavaria,  65  m.  S.E.  Mijnich,  & 
6  m.  in  length. 

KoNiGSTADTL,  a  Small  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, circ.  Bidschow,  40  m.  E.N.E. 
Prague.     P.  1,747. 

KoNiGSTEiN,  several  towns  &  vills.  of 
Germany,  the  principal  in  Saxony,  17  m. 
S.E.  Dresden,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Elbe.  P. 
2,022. II.  Nassau,  12  m.  N.E.  Wies- 
baden.    P.  1,300. 

KoNiGswALDE,    a    town   of   Prussia, 

between  two  lakes.     P.  1,360. II.  a 

vill.  of  Saxony,  4  m.  N.W.  Zwickau.     P. 
1,978. 

KoNiGsviTARTH,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
15  m.  SS.W.  Elbogen,  with  mineral 
springs.     P.  1,540. 

KoNiGswiNTEH,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  21  m.  S.S.E.  Cologne,  on  the 
Rhine.     P.  2,100. 

KoNiN,  a  town  of  Poland,  prov.  &  33  m. 
N.N.E.  Kalisch,  on  the  Warta.   P.  4,600. 

KoNiYEH,  a  city  of  Asia- Minor.  Lat. 
37°  51'  N.,  Ion.  32°  40'  E.    P.  30,000. 

KoNSKi,  a  town  of  Poland,  35  m.  S.W. 
Radom.     P.  4,000.    It  has  iron  forges. 

KoNsTANTiNOGRAD,  a  town  of  Russia, 
40  m.  E  S.E.  Poltava.     P.  1,673. 

KoocHAN,  a  strong  fortified  town  of 
N.E.  Persia,  prov.  Khorassan,  85  m. 
N.W.  Meshed. 

KoocHLAK,  a  mud-built  town  of 
AfFghanistan. 

KoOKSEE,  a  considerable  town  of  India, 
dom.  &  76  m.  S.W.  Indoor. 

KooKURMUNDA,  a  town  of  British 
India,  presid.  Bombay,  on  the  Taptee, 
82  m.  E.N.E.  Surat. 

KooM,  a  decayed  city  of  Persia,  80  m. 
S.W.  Teheran.     P.  8,000. 


428 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[kot 


KooM-sHAH,  a  town  of  Persia,  50  m. 
S.S.E.  Ispahan.     P.  4,000. 

KooNCH,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  67  ni.  E.S.E.  Gwalior. 

KooNDAH,  two  towns  of  British  India, 
one  in  dist.  Delhi,  9  m.  N.E.  KurnMul, 
the  other  in  dist.  E,amghur,  105  m.  S.S.W. 
Patna. 

KooNDOoz,  a  khanat  of  Central  Asia, 
independent  Turkestan,  having  S.  AfF- 
ghanistan.  —  Koondooz,  the  cap.,  has 
1,500  inhabs. 

KooEJAH,  a  considerable  town  of  Brit- 
ish India,  presid.  Bengal,  30  m.  N.N.W. 
Alighur. 

KooRWYE,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  dom. 
&  140  m.  S.  Gwalior,  on  the  Betwah. 

KoPENicK,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov. 
Brandenburg,  on  an  island  formed  by 
the  Spree  &  Dahme.  P.  2,300.— ^o/snite 
is  a  small  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  45 
m.  S.W.  Posen,  on  the  Obra. 

KopiNG,  a  town  of  Swed(-'n,  20  m.  S.W. 
Westeras,  at  the  W.  extremity  of  the 
Maelar  lake.     P.  1,300. 

KopHEiNiTZ,  a  town  of  Austrian  Cro- 
atia, 27  m.  E.S.E.  Warasdin.     P.  3,650. 

KoPRiLi,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Macedonia,  23  m.  S.  Uskup,  with  l.OOO 
houses. 

KopuRTHELLA,  a  town  of  the  Punjab, 
between  Loodiana  &  Lahore. 

KoRAH,  a  town  of  British  India,  presid. 
Bengal,  25  m.  S.  Cawnpoor. 

KoRDOFAN,  a  country  of  Centr.  Africa, 
having  E.  Sennaar,  &  W.  Darfur,  &  now 
comprised  in  the  Egyptian  dom.  Prin- 
cipal town  El  Obeid. 

KoREE,  the  most  E.  arm  of  the  Indus 
river,  at  its  delta,  dividing  Scinde  from 
Cutch. 

KoRENNAiA,  a  vill.  of  Russia,  gov.  & 
18  m.  N.N.W.  Koursk. 

KoRK,  a  vill.  of  Baden,  circ.  Middle 
Rhine,  on  the  Kinzig.     P.  1,100. 

KoENA,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
pash.  Bagdad,  38  m.  N.W.  Bassorah. 

KoHNEGALLE,  a  towu  of  Ccylon,  48  m. 
N.E.  Colombo. 

KoENEUBURG,  a  towu  of  Lower  Aus- 
tria, cap.  circ,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Danube, 
9  m.  N.N.W.  Vienna.     P.  2,470. 

KoRNWESTHEiM,  a  viU.  of  Wiirtem- 
berg<  circ.  Neokar,  with  mineral  baths. 

KoRON,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of 
Greece.  Morea,  on  the  gulf  of  Koroa. 

KoRORARiKA,  a  settlement  of  New 
Zealand,  on  the  bay  of  Islands,  N.E. 
coast  of  the  island. 

KoROS,  a  river  of  E.  Hungary.  L. 
200  m. 

KoBOs,  two  large  vills.  of  Hungary. 


1.  (Zis,  or  Little),  eo.  &  45  m.  S.B. 

Pesth.      P.   5,433. II.    {Nagxj,    or 

Great),  5  m.  S.  the  foregoing.    P.  17,697. 

KorQs-BanyAj  a  town  of  Hungary,  on 
the  Koros,  with  gold  mines     P.  2,200. 

Kobotajak,  a  town  of  Russia,  48  m. 
S.  Voronej,  on  the  Don.     P.  7,000. 

Koeotcha,  a  town  of  Russia,  68  m. 
S.B.  Koursk.     P.  10,000. 

Korpo,  an  island  of  Finland,  35  m. 
S.W.  Abo,  in  the  Baltic.     Circuit  18  m. 

Korti,  a  town  of  Nubia,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Nile,  48  m.  E.  Old  Dongola. 

KoETRiGHT,  p-t.,  Del.  CO.  N.  Y.  P. 
2,181. 

KoRTscHEvA,  a  town  of  Russia,  40  m. 
E.  Tver,  on  the  Volga,  with  1,207 
inhab. 

Kosciusko,  S.  co.  la.     Area,  567  sq. 

m.      Cap.   Warsaw.      P.    10,243. II. 

p-v.,  cap.  Attala  co.  Miss. 

Kosciusko  (Mount),  Australia,  Vic- 
toria, is  the  most  lofty  of  the  Australian 
Alps.     Blev.  6,500  feet. 

KosEL,  a  fortified  town  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, 26  m.  S.S.E.  Oppeln,  on  the  Oder. 
P.  3.559. 

KosELETz,  a  town  of  Russia,  40  m. 
S.W.  Tchernigov,  on  the  Oster.  P.- 3,749. 

KosMODEMJANSK,  two  towus  of  Russia. 

1.   103  m.  W.N.W,  Kassan,  on  r.  b. 

of  the  Volga.     P.   6,000. II.  60  m. 

N.N.E.  Tambov. 

KossEiR,  a  seaport  town  of  Upper 
Egypt,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Red  sea, 
95  in.  E.  Keneh.     P.  2,000. 

Kossovo,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Rumili,  7  m.  N.E.  Pristina. 

KosTAiNiczA,  a  town  of  Austrian 
Croatia,  military  frontier,  20  m.  S.B.  Pe- 
trinia.     P.  3,150. 

KosTANiTZ,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, 130  m.  W.N.W.  Adrianople. 

KosTEL,  two   towns  of   the    Austrian 

empire. 1.  Moravia,   on  the  Thaya, 

28   m.  S.S.E.    Briinn.     P.  1,700. IL 

Illyria,  Carniola,  45  m.  S.E.  Laybach. 

KosTELETZ,    several   small   towns   of 

Bohemia. 1,  on  the  Adler.  .  P.  2,565. 

TL  on  the  Elbe.     P.  1,495. III 

(Schwarz-K).     P.  1,800. 

KosTEN,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
26  m.  S.W.  Posen,     P.  2,210. 

Kostroma,  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  tho 
Volga.     L.  130  m. 

Kostroma,  a  gov.  of  Europ.  Russia, 
near  iis  centre.  Area,  31,790  sq.  m. 
P.  154,600. 

Kostroma,  a  city  of  Europ.  Russia, 
cap.  gov.  Kostroma,  200  m.  N.E.  Mos- 
cow.    P.  14,000. 

Kotah,   a  town   &   Rajpoot  state  of 


kre] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEEIi. 


429 


Hindostan.  The  town,  on  the  Chumbul, 
190  m.  S.W.  Agra. 

KoTEGKUR,  a  fortified  town  of  N.  Hin- 
dost:m,  Gurhvyal. 

KoTELNOi,  an  island  of  Siberia,  the 
prinoip.  of  an  extensive  group  in  the 
Arctic  0.  It  is  a  desolate  mass  of  rocky 
mntns.,  130  m.  long  &  70  m.  broad. 

KoTERAH,  two  towns  of  Central  Hin- 
dosfan,  dom.  Bhopaul. 

KoTHEN,  a  tovTn  of  Cent.  Germany, 
cap.  duchy  Anhalt-Kothen,  on  the  Ziethe. 
P.  6,136. 

KoTRA,  a  large  town  of  Central  Hin- 
dostan, near  the  Gwalior  territ.,  20  m. 
E.S.E.  Hindia. — Kotrah,  a  town  of  Bun- 
deleund,  30  m.  SE.  G-walior. 

KoTKEE,  several  vills.  of  Scinde,  &c. 

1,  on  the   Koree  estuary. II.  on 

the  Indus. III.  on  the  route  to  Roree, 

90  m.  N.N.E.  Hyderabad. IV.  Bcloo- 

chistan,  8  m.  S.W.  Gundava. 

KoTZEBUE  Sound,  Russian  Amer.,  is 
an  inlet  of  Behring  strait. 

KouKA,  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  Bor- 
nou,  on  the  W.  bank  of  Lake  Tchad. 

KouKOu-KOTA,  a  town  of  Mongolia, 
50  m.  N.W.  the  great  wall  of  China. 

KotTRSK,  a  gov.  of  Burop.  Russia,  in 
the  S.  Area,  17,382  sq.  m.  P.  Ii637,700. 
— Koursk,  the  cap.  city,  is  situated  on 
the  Seim,  290  m.  S.S.W.  Moscow.  P. 
26,000. 

Kous,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt,  16  m. 
S.  Keneh,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Nile. 

KousHAN,  one  of  the  passes  across  the 
Hindoo  Koosh,  from  Afifghanistan  into 
Turkestan.     Elev.  15,000  ft. 

KoussiE,  forms  the  N.W.  boundary  of 
the  Cape  Colony,  S.  Africa,  &  enters  the 
Atlantic. 

KouTCHE,  a  town  of  Chinese  Turkes- 
tan. 

KovEL,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the 
Turija,  97  m.  N.W.  Ostrog.     P.  3,200. 

KovNO,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
gov.  &  58  m.  W.N.W.  Vilna,  on  the  Nie- 
mon.     P.  7,000. 

KowAL,  a  town  of  Poland.  80  m. 
AV  N.W.  Warsaw.     P.  2,350. 

KOWRAH,  &    KOWREENAGUR,  2    townS 

of  W.  Hindostan. 

KozELsK,  town  of  Russia,  gov  &  35  m. 
S.S.W.  Kaluga,  on  the  Jizdra.     P.  4,800. 

KoziENicE,  a  town  of  Poland,  65  m. 
N.W.  Sandomir,  on  the  Vistula.  P. 
2,590. 

KozLov,  a  town  of  Russia,  55  m. 
W.N.W.  Tambov.     P.  20,403. 

KozMiN,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
47  m.  S.S.E.  Posen,  on  the  Obra.  P. 
3,270. 


Kragehoe,  a  maritime  town  of  Nor- 
way, on  an  inlet  of  the  Skager-rack,  70 
m.  N.E.  Christiansand.     P.  1,819. 

Krain,  a  prov.  of  the  Austrian  em- 
pire, in  the  kingdom  of  Illyria.  Area, 
4,137  sq.  m.     P.  427,000. 

Krainburg,  a  town  of  Illyria,  Carnio- 
la,  16  m.  N.W.  Laybach,  on  the  Save. 
P.  1,712. 

Krajova,  the  cap.  town  of  little  Wal- 
lachia,  near  1.  b.  of  the  Schyl.  P. 
9,000.(?) 

Kralingen,  a  vill.  of  the  Nether- 
lands, 3  m.  N.E.  Rotterdam.     P.  3,348. 

Kralowitz,  a  municipal  town  of  Bo- 
hemia. 19  m.  N.N.E.  Pilsen.     P.  1,636. 

Kranenburg,  a  small  t.  of  Rhenish 
Prussia.     P.  1,100. 

Kranichfeld,  a  t.  of  Saxony.  P.  1,411. 

Khanidi,  a  small  town  of  Greece,  23 
m.  S  E.  Nauplia,  with  about  600  houses. 

Kranowitz,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sile- 
sia, 50  m.  S.S.E.  Oppeln.     P.  2,130. 

Krapivna,  a  town  of  Russia,  25  m. 
S.W.  Tula. 

Keappitz,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
15  m.  S.  Oppeln.     P,  1,942. 

Krasnik,  a  town  of  Poland,  28  m. 
S.W.Lublin.     P.  4,120. 

Khasnoe-Szelo,  a  vill.  of  Russia,  18 
m.  S.S.E.  St.  Petersburg. 

Krasnokutsh,  a  t.  of  Russia,  43  m. 
W.  Kharkhov.     P.  4.800. 

Keasnoi,  several  towns  of  Russia. 

I.  gov.  &  28  m.  W.S.W.  Smolensk,  on  the 

Svinaia.     P.   1,732. II.  gov.   Pskov, 

35   m.    S.    Ostrov. III.   (K.-Kholm), 

gov.  &  95  m.  N.E.  Tver.  P.  2,000. IV. 

(K.-Yar),  gov.  &  35  m.  E.N.E.  Astra- 
khan,  on  an  island  in  the  Volga.  P. 
3,000. — Krasnoiyar  is  also  a  vill.,  S.E. 
Simbirsk. 

Krasnoslobodsk,  a  town  of  Russia, 
105  m.  N.N.W.  Pensa.     P.  7,762. 

Keasnostov,  a  town  of  Poland,  30  m. 
S.E.  Lublin.    P.  3,016. 

Krasno-Ufimsk,  a  town  of  Russia, 
118  m.  S.E.  Perm.     P.  3,050. 

Krasnoyarsk,  a  town  of  Siberia,  cap. 
gov.  Yeniseisk.     P.  6,000.(?) 

Kraszna,  a  river,  co.,  &  vill.  of  Tran- 
sylvania. 

Khaw  (Isthmus  of),  Siamese  dom., 
connects  the  Malay  peninsula  with  the 
rest  of  Further  India,  br.  70  m. 

KR.4.WANG,  a  Dutch  residency  of  Java, 
on  the  N.  coast.     P.  95,000. 

Krebienetz,  a  town  of  Russian  Po- 
land, 36  m.  W.S.W.  Ostrog.     P.  5J60. 

Krementschug,  a  town  of  Russia,  64 
m.  S.W.  PoUava,  on  the  Dnieper.  P. 
17,087. 


430 


CYCLOP-fEDIA    OP    GEOGRAPHY. 


[kum 


Kremnitz,  a  miaing  town  of  Hunga- 
ry, circ.  Bacs,  8  m.  "W".  Neusohl.  P. 
5,000.  • 

Krempe,  a  town  of  Denmark,  duchy 
Holstein,  4  m.  N.N.E.  Gliickstadt.  P. 
1,300. 

Krems,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  on 
1.  b.  of  the  Danube,  38  m.  N.W.  Vienna. 
P.  6,537. II.  a  vill.  of  Styria. 

Kremsir,  a  town  of  Moravia,  12  m. 
S.W.  Prerau,  on  the  March.     P.  4,000. 

Kreuth,  a  bathing  place  &  vill.  of 
Upper  Bavaria. 

Kheutz,  a  town  of  Austrian  Croatia. 
P.  3,066. 

Kreutznach,  a  town  &  watering-place 
of  Rhenish  Prussia.     P.  Q,  150. 

Kreuzburg,    several    towns    of    Ger- 

raany. 1.  Prussian  Silesia. 11.  E. 

Prussia,   15    m.    S.W.    Koningsberg.     P. 

1,678. III.  a  town  on  the  Werra,  16 

N.W.    Eisenach.      P.  2,150. IV.    (or 

I[reutzhurg),  a   strongly  fortified   town 
of  Russia.     P.  2,000. 

Kreybitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia.  P. 
2,000. 

Krienz,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Lucerne.     P.  2,663. 

Krilov,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the 
Dnieper.     P.  2,600. 

Krisso,  a  small  town  of  Greece.  5  m. 
S.E.  Salona. 

Krivitz,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg- 
Schweren,  10  m.  E.S.E.  Schwerin.  P. 
2,000. 

Kroben,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
S.E.  Kosten.     P.  1,360. 

Krojanke,  a  town  of  W.  Prussia.  P. 
2,620. 

Krolevetz,  a  town  of  Russia.  P. 
6,188. 

Kromy,  a  town  of  Russia,  20  m.  S.AV. 
Orel,  cap.  dist.,  on  the  Kroma.  P.  4,518. 
— Polish  Krone  is  a  town,  prov.  Posen, 
14  m.  N.  Bromberg.     P.  2,233. 

Kronach,  a  walled  town  of  Bavaria, 
circ.  Upp.  Franconia.     P.  3,100. 

Kronstadt,  a  town  of  the  S.E.  of 
Transylvania.     P.  36,000. 

Kropelin,  a  town  of  N.  Germany. 
P.  1,975. 

Krossno,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
Galieia.     P.  4,900. 

Krotosziyn,  a  town  of  Austrian  Po- 
land„54  nl.  S.S.E.  Posen.     P.  6,750. 

Krotzingen,  a  vill.  of  Baden,  9  m. 
S.W.  Freiburg.     P.  1,311. 

Kroya,  or  Oroya,  a  town  of  Albania, 
45  m.  S.S.E.  Scutari.     P.  15,000.(7) 

Krumau,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  14  m. 
SS.W.  Budweis,  on  an  isl.  in  the  Mol- 
dau.    P.  5,195. 


Krusenstehn  Island,  one  of  the  Dio- 
mede  isls.,  Behring  strait. 

Krushovatz,  a  town  of  Servia,  near 
the  Morava,  34  m.  W.  Nissa. 

Kuba,  a  fortified  town  of  Russia,  in 
the  Caucasus.  P.  4,200.  On  the  oppo- 
site side  of  the  river  is  Kulgat,  a  Jews' 
village.     P.  4,000. 

Kuban,  a  river  of  S.  Russia.  L.  380 
miles. 

Kubetchi,  a  town  of  Russian  Cauca- 
sus, 42  m.  N.N.W.  Derbend.     P.  6,000. 

Kubin,  two  vills.    of  Hungary. 1. 

Banat,  65  m.  S.S.W.  Temesvar.   P.  4,700. 

II.  (Abo  K.)  3  m.  N.N.E.  Neusohl. 

P.  1,291. 

KuDA,  a  vill.  of  India,  Conkan,  42  m. 
from  Bombay. 

KuFA,  a  decayed  town  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  25  m.  S.  the  ruins  of  Babylon. 

KuFSTEiN,  a  town  &  fortress  of  the 
Tyrol,  circ.  Innthal,  on  the  Inn,  43  m. 
N.E.  Innsbruck.    P.  1,400. 

KuiLENBURG,  a  fortified  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  on  the  Lech.     P.  4,697. 

KuLA,  a  vill.  of  Hungary,  co.  Bacs. 
P.  6,304. 

KuLAH,  a  frontier  vill.  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  40  m.  N.W.  Ears. 

KuLDSHA,  a  fortified  city  of  Chinese 
Turkestan,  on  the  Ele  river. 

KuLiNJERA,  a  large  fortified  vill.  of 
W.  Hindostan,  10  m.  S.W.  Banswara. 

KuLLUGAUM,  a  frontier  town  of  Be- 
loochistan,  120  m.  N.E.  Bunpoor. 

KuLM,  several  towns  of  Germany,  &c. 

1.  W.  Prussia,  near  the  Vistula.     P. 

6,260. 

KuLMBACH,  a  walled  town  of  Bavaria, 
48  m.  N.E.  Nurnberg.     P.  4,000. 

KuLMSEE,  a  small  town  of  W.  Prussia, 
15  m.  S.E.  Kulm.     P.  1,640. 

KuLNA,  a  vill.  of  British  India,  presid. 
&  prov.  Bengal,  on  an  arm  of  the 
Ganges,  78  m.  E.  Calcutta. 

KuLPA,  a  riv.  of  Austrian  Croatia.  L. 
120  m. 

KuLPi  Salt  Mines,  Armenia,  40  m. 
N.W.  Mount  Ararat. 

KuLSHEiM,  a  town  of  Baden,  6  m.  S. 
Wertheim.     P.  2,180. 

KuLu,  a  rajahship  of  the  Punjab,  con- 
sisting of  a  few  valleys  on  the  S.  slope 
of  the  Himalaya. 

KuLUTzi,  a  large  vill.  of  Central  Asia, 
near  the  Indus. 

KuMA,  a  riv.  of  S.  Russia,  gov.  Cauca- 
sus.   L. 300  m. 

KuMANiA,  or  CuMANiA,  two  privileged 
dists.  of  Hungary. 

KuMAON,  a  prov.  of  N.  Hindostan, 
forming  a  part  of  British  India,  presid. 


kyr] 


UNJVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


431 


Bengal.  Area,  11,000  sq.  m.  Some  of 
its  mountains  rise  to  25,000  ft.  in  eleva- 
tion. 

KuN,  2  vills.  &  market  towns  of  Hun- 
gary, Kumania. 1.  {St.  Marton),  70 

m.  "S.E.   Pesth.      P.   6,280. II.    {St. 

Miklos),  32  m.  S.E.  Pesth.     P.  5,200. 

KuNASHiR,  one  of  the  Kurile  isls., 
N.E.  Jesso,  Japan.   L.  70  m. ;  av.br.  25  m. 

KuNDA,  a  small  seaport  town  of  Rus- 
sia, on  the  gulf  of  Finland,  10  m.  N.E. 
Wesenberg. 

KuNDAiLAH  &  Kttndal,  two  towns  of 

Hindostan. 1.   50  m.  N.W.  Jeypoor. 

II.    presid.   Bengal,    24    m.   S.S.E. 

Comillah. 

KuNG,  a  small  town  of  Persia,  oppo- 
site the  island  Kishm,  Persian  gulf. 

KuNGOUR,  a  town  of  Russia,  42  m. 
S.E.  Perm,  on  the  Silva.     P.  8,400. 

KuN-HEGyES,  a  vill.  of  Hungary, 
Great  Cumania.     P.  6,183. 

KuNJPOOEA,  a  walled  town  of  British 
India,  presid.  Bengal,  73  m.  N.  Delhi. 

KuNKA,  a  town  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid. Bengal,  80  m.  N.E.  Cuttack. 

KuNKUL,  a  town  &  place  of  pilgrim- 
age, Hindostan,  presid.  Bengal. 

KuNTcoTE,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan, 
Cutch. 

KiJNZELSAu,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg. 
P.  2,600. 

Kuopio,  a  town  of  Finland,  on  a  penin- 
sula, 180  m.  E.  Vasa.     P.  2,000. 

KuppERWUNJE,  a  town  of  British  In- 
dia, presid.  Bomb.ay,  with  3,000  houses. 

KuR,  the  principal  river  of  Georgia, 
W.  Asia.     L.  520  m. 

KuRAucHEE,  the  principal  seaport  of 
Scin'le,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Indian  ocean. 
P.  15,000. 

Kurdistan,  Assyria,  an  extensive  re- 
cion  of  W.  Asia,  shared  between  Turkey 
'k  Persia.  Area,  520,000  sq.  m.  P. 
1,000,000,  of  which  4-5ths  are  Kurds. 
Limits  are  ill  defined.  Surface  mountain- 
ous. 

KURGAQN  &    KURGOMMAH,  tWO   tOWnS 

of  Hindostan  ;  the  former,  62  m.  S.W.  In- 
door ;  the  latter,  British  India,  presid. 
Bengal. 

KuRiLE  Islands,  a  group  of  about  25 
islands  in  the  N.  Pacific.  Total  area, 
3,070  sq.  m.     P.  uncertain,  but  small. 

Kurmilla,  -a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bombay. 

Kurnaul,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  70  m.  N.W.  Delhi 

KuRNiK,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
13  m.  S.S.E.  Posen.     P.  2,730. 

KuENOOL,  a  rajabship  of  India,  at  the 
S.  oxtremitv  of  the  Nizam's  dom. 


KuEREA,  a  town  of  Chinese  Turkestan, 
180  m.  S.E.  Khoten,  with  4,000  houSes.(7) 

KuRREE,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan,  Gui- 

eowar's  dom. II.  an  oasis*in  the  Runa 

of  Cutch,  Hindostan. 

KuREicHANE,a  large  town  of  S.  Africa, 
Bechuana  territory,  5,000  feet  above  the 
sea.    P.  16,000.(7) 

KuHSHEE,  one  of  the  principal  towns 
of  the  Bokhara  dom..  Central  Asia,  100 
m.  S.E.  Bokhara.     P.  10,000. 

KuEUM,  a  riv.  of  Persia.  L.  250  sq.  m. 

KuEzoLAEi  Islands,  a  small  group 
of  Ionian  Islands,  off  the  coast  of  Acar- 
nania. 

KusEL,  a  town  of  Rhen.  Bavaria,  on 
the  Glan.     P.  2,200. 

KusHviNSK,  a  mining  town  of  Russia, 
70  m.  E.N.E.  Perm.     P.  6,000. 

KusNETZK,  two  towns  of  the  Russian 
dom. — —I.  gov.  &   110  m.  N.E.  Saratov. 

P.   10,626. II.   Asiatic  Russia,   gov. 

Tomsk,  on  the  Tom.     P.  2,120. 

KussNACHT,  two  vills.  of  Switzerland. 

1,  cant.  &  4  m.  S.E.  Zurich,  on  the 

lake  of  Zurich,  with  1,500  inhabitants. 
II.   cant.  &  11  m.  W.N.W.  Schwytz. 

KussooR,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  27  m. 
S.S.E.  Lahore. 

KusTENDJi,  a  fortified  seaport  town 
of  European  Turkey,  Bulgaria. 

KxJsTRiN,  a  fortified  town  of  Prussia, 
prov.  Brandenburg,  17  m.  N.E.  Frank- 
furt.    P.  6,556. 

KuTAis,  the  cap.  town  of  Imeretia, 
Russian  Transcaucasia.     P.  1,600. 

KuTAYA,  a  town  of  Asia-IVIinor,  Ana- 
tolia. 

KuTNO,  a  town  of  Poland,  70  m.  W. 
Warsaw.     P.  4,000. 

KuTsuLEE,  a  consid.  walled  town  of 
Brit.  India,  Upper  provs. 

KuTTBNBEEG,  a  towu  of  Bohemia,  on 
the  railway  from  Prague  to  Vienna.  P. 
8,603. 

KuTY,  a  town  of  Austria,  Galicia,  20 
rn.  S.E.  Kolomea.     P.  3,570.  ~ 

Kwi-CHOo,  a  prov.  in  the  S.W.  of 
China.  P.  5,283,219.  {Chinese  census.) 
Chief  city,  Kwi-yang. 

Kv7i-LiN,  a  city  of  China,  235  m.  N.W 
Canton. 

Kwi-TE,  a  city  of  China,  cap.  dep.,  70 
m.  S.E.  Khai-fung. 

Kyle,  a  dist.  of  Scotland,  forming  the 
middle  part  of  the  co.  Ayr. 

Kyles-oe-Bute,  a  narrow  arm  of  the 
firth  of  Clyde,  Scotland, 

Kypaeissia,  a  seaport  town  of  Greece, 
Morea,  24  m.  N.  Navarino.     P.  2,500. 

Kyraghue,  a  town  of  India,  ILim. 
E.N.E.  Nagpnor. 


432 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[lad 


Kyreb  (Deea  &  Gurree),  two  vills. 
of  Scinde. 

Kyeeegwur,  a  town  of  N.  Hindostan, 
136  in.  N.W.  Oude,  on  the  Kali. 

Kyritz,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov.  Bran- 
denburg, cap.  eirc,  53  m.  N.W.  Berlin. 
P.  3,600. 

Kyskal,  a  decayed  town  of  Siberia, 
near- the  Obe. 


L. 

Laa,  a  fortified  town  of  Lower  Aus- 
tria, on  the  Thaya,  36  m.  N.  Vienna.  P. 
1,378. 

Laak,  a  small  towji  of  Illyria,  12  m. 
N.W.  Laybach.     P.  1,072. 

Laaland,  an  isl.  of  Denmark,  in 
the  Baltic.  Area,  462  sq.  miles.  P. 
53,200.     - 

Laaeat,  an  island  of  the  Malay  archi- 
pelago.    L.  &  b.  30  m.  each. 

Laasphe,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, 36  m.  S.S.E.  Arnsberg. 

Laber,  several  small  rivers  of  Bava- 
ria, tributaries  to  the  Danube. 

Labes,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pomerania, 
42  m.  E.N.B.  Stettin.     P.  3,207. 

Labiau,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  25  m. 
N.E.  Konigsberg.     P.  3,595. 

Labiszin,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland. 
13  m.  S.S.W.  Bromberg.     P.  2,520. 

Labrador,  a  vast  peninsula  of  Brit. 
N.  AmericQi,  having  S.  &  S.W.  Lower 
Canada,  W.  James  &  Hudson  bays,  N.  & 
N.W.  Hudson  strait,  N.  the  Atlantic,  & 
S.E.  Belleisle  strait  &  the  gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence.  Area,  420,000  sq.  m.,  &  p. 
4,000  ;  consisting  of  Esquimaux,  with  a 
few  Europeans.  Corn  will  not  ripen,  & 
only  hardy  kitchen  vegetables  are  raised. 
The  whale,  cod,  salmon,  &  herring  fisher- 
ies, employ  the  industry  of  its  inhabi- 
tants. The  European  settlements,  all  on 
the  E.  coast,  consist  of  Forteau  &  Bra- 
dore  bays,  Anse,  le  BIanc,cSi  the  Moravian 
stations,  Nain,  Okhak,  Hopedale,  &  Heb- 
ron 

Labeede,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Gironde,  cap.  cant.,  11  m.  S.  Bor- 
deaux.    P.  1,329. 

LABRUGUiEHE,acomm.&viIl.  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn,  cap.  cant.,  4  m.  S.S.E.  Castres. 
P.  3,656. 

Labuan  (Pulo).  an  island  of  the  Ma- 
lay archipelago,  30  m.  N.  Borneo.  L.  10 
m. ;  b.  5  m. 

Labu-Hadji,  a  seaport  town  of  the 
Malay  archipelago,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the 
island  Lombok. 


Labun,  a  town  of  Russ.  Poland,  on  the 
Khorim.     P.  3,200. 

Laby,  a  town  of  W.  Afr.,  Senegambia. 

Lacaracoonda,  a  town  of  Brit.  India, 
116  m.  N.E.  Calcutta. 

Lacaune,  a  coram.  &  vill.  of  S.  France, 
dep.  Tarn.     P.  3,965. 

Lacazb,  a  comm.  &  t.  of  France,  dep. 
Tarn.     P.  2,365. 

Laccadive  Isles,  a  group  of  low 
islands  in  the  Indian  ocean,  Cananore 
dom.,  about  150  m.  W  the  Malabar  coast. 
They  consist  of  17  princip.  isles,  of  coral 
formation.     P.  9,980. 

Lacepede  Islands,  a  group  of  low 
sandy  isls.,  N.W.  Australia,  off  Dampier 
Land. — Lacepede  bay,  S.  Australia. 

Lachen,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
&  13  m.  N.N.E.  Sehwyz,  on  the  S.  shore 
of  the  lake  of  Zurich.     P.  1,510. 

Lachlan,  a  river  of  E.  Australia.  L. 
400  sq.  m. 

La  Chroma,  an  islet  of  the  Adriatic, 
5  m.  E.  Ragusa. 

Lachsa,  a  town  of  Arabia,  on  the  bay 
of  the  Persian  gulf. 

Lack  AW  ANA,  r.,  br.  of  the  Susque- 
hanna.    30  m.  long. 

Lackawannock,  t.,  Mercer  co.  Pa. 
P.  2,130. 

Lackawannock,  mntns.,  Wayne  & 
Luzerne  cos.  Pa. 

Lackawaxen,  riv..  Pa.,  br.  ofthe  Del. 

Laclede,  co..  Mo.     P.  2,498. 

Lacon,  p-v.,  cap.  Marshall  co.  111.  on 
the  111.  river. 

Laconi,  a  vill.  of  the  island  Sardinift, 
45  m.  N.  Cagliari.     P.  1,768. 

Laconia,  a  gov.  of  Greece,  comprising 
the  S.-  most  sub-peninsula  of  the  Morea. 

Ladakh,  an  independent  country  of 
Central  Asia,  having  S.  &  S.W.  the  Him- 
alaya, N.the  Karakorum  mntns,  E.  Great 
Tibet,  -  &  N.W.  Baltee  or  Little  Tibet. 
Area,  30,000  sq.  m.,  &  pop.  180,000. 

Ladeinoe-Poi.e,  a  small  town  of  Rus- 
sia, on  the  Svirlia,  30  m.  from  its  mouth, 
in  Lake  Ladoga. 

Ladenburg,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the 
Neckar.     P.  2,431. 

Ladignac,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 

dep.    Haute-Vienne.      P.    2,600. II. 

the  modern   name  of  the  anc.  Laodicea, 

Gomhusta,  Asia- Minor. III.  a  pa.  of 

England,   co.  Cornwall,    SJ  m.  W.N.W. 
Grampound.    Area,  5,730  ac.     P.  857. 

Lada  Isles,  a  cluster  of  high  rugged 
islands,  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  the  Malay 
peninsula. 

Ladoga  (Lake),  the  largest  lake  of 
Europe,    Russia.     Area,  690  sq.  m.      It> 
receives  60  rivers. 


lAI 


CNIVERSAL    ClAZSTTEER. 


433 


Ladoga  (New),  a  town  of  Russia,  on 
the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Ladoga,  70  m.  E. 
St.  Petersburg.  P.  3,Q0Q.— Old  Ladoga 
is  a  vill.  adjacent. 

Ladrones,  a  group  in  N.  Pacific,  be- 
longing to  Spain,  consisting  of  20  isls., 
of  which  only  five  are  inhabited.  P. 
10,000. 

Ladwa,  a  town  of  N.  Hindostam,  22 
m.  E.N.E.  Kurnaul. 

Lady  Isle,  an  uninhabited  rocky  islet, 
o,T  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland. 

Lady  Julia  Percy  Island,  an  islet, 
off  the  S.  coast  of  Australia,  in  Portland 
bay. 

Laeken,  a  vill.  of  Eelgiuni,  2  ui.  N. 
Brussels. 

La  Fayette,  S.  pa.  La.  Area,  1,800 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Vermilionville.     P.   6,720. 

II.  N.   CO.  Miss.     Area,    790  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Oxford.  P.  14,069.— IILW.  ca.  Mo. 
Area,  450  sq.  m.     Cap.  Lexington.      P. 

13,690. IV.    S.W.  CO.    Ark:     Area, 

1,260  sq.  m.     Cap.  Louisville. '  P.  5,220. 

V.  p-t.,  Onondaga  oo.  N.  Y.    P.  2,532. 

VI.  p-v.,   cap.  Walker  co.  Ga.      P. 

500. VII.  p-v.,  ciip.  Tippecanoe    co. 

la.,  70  m.    from  Annapolis.      P.  2,000. 

VIII.  city  &  cap.  Jefferson  pa.  La., 

2  m.  from  New  Orleans. IX.  eg.  Wis. 

P.. 11,541. 

Lafourche,  riv..  La.,  an  outlet  of  the 
Miss.    L.  90  m. 

Lafourche  Interior,  pa..  La.,  in  the 
S.E.  part  of  the  state.  Area,  1,100  sq.m. 
Cap.  Thibodeauville.     P.  9,533. 

Lagan,  a  river  of  Ireland,  Ulster. 
L.  25  m. 

Lage,  two  small  towns  of  N.  Grermany. 

1,  on  the  Recknitz,  12  m.  N.E.  Gus- 

trow.     P.  1,624. II.  on  the  Werra,  7 

m.  S.W.  Lemgo.     P.  1,500. 

Lagnaseo,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  4  m. 
S.E.  Saluzzo.     P.  1,921. 

Lagnieu,  a  commune  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ain,  near  the  Rhone.  P. 
2,214.  ■ 

Lagny,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Marne,  10  m.  S.W.  Meaux. 
P  2  082 

Lago,  a  vill.  of  Naples.     P.  2,600-. 

Lagoa,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  E.  coast 
of  island,  Sta.  Catharina.    P.  3,000. 

Lago-Maggiore,  a  lake  of  N.  Italy, 
enclosed  by  Piedmont,  Lombardy,  &  the 
Swiss  cant.  Ticino.  Shape  very  irregu- 
lar.    L.  40  m.,  av.br.,  2  m. 

Lagonegro,  a  town  of  Naples,  &  76  m. 
S.S.E.  Salerno.  P.  i,000.~Lago  Santo 
is  a  vill.  of  the  Pontif.  sta.,  25  m.  E.S.E. 
Ferrara.    P.  1,350. 

Lagoh,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
19 


B.  Pyrenees,  cap.  cant.,  15  m.  N.W.  Pau. 
P.  1,738. 

Lagos,  a  fortifd.  seaport  t.  of  Portugal, 
prov.  Algarve,  1 10  m.  S.  Lisbon.  P.  7,000. 

II.  a  town  of  the  Mexican  confeder., 

state  &  100  m.  E.N.B.  Gruadalaxara,  hav- 
ing near  it  some  rich  silver  mines. 

III.  a  town  of  Guinea,  cap.  state,  on  an 
inlet  of  the  bight   of  Benin,    160  m.  W. 

Benin.     P.   5,000.  (?) IV.    a  gulf  & 

town  of  European  Turkey,  88  m.  S.W. 
Adrianople. 

Lagosta,  the  most  S.  island  of  Dal- 
matia,  in  the  Adriatic.  L.  6  m.,  by  4  m. 
in  br. 

Lagov,  a  town  of  Poland.     P.  1,500. 
La  Grange,  N.E.  oo.  la.     Area,  380 

sq.  m.     Cap.  Lima.     P.  8,337. II.  t., 

Dutchess  CO.  N.Y.    P.  1,941. III.  p-t., 

Lorain  co.   0.      P.    1,001. IV.   cap., 

Oldham  co.  Ky. V.  p-v.,   cap.  Troup 

CO.  Ga.     P.  1,009. VI.  p-v.,  Franklin 

CO.  Ala.     It  has  a  Methodist  coll. 

Lagrasse,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aude.     P.  1,400. 

Laguna,   several  towns  of  America. 

1.  Brazil,  prov.  Sta.  Catharina.     P. 

1,000. II.  Yucatan,  on  the  island  Car- 
men.     Has    trade   in   logwood. III. 

Peru,  dep.  Assuay,   cap.  prov.   Maynas, 

on  the  Huallaga. IV.  (St.  Christoval 

de  la),  island   Teneriffe,  on  its  N.  side, 
plain,  with  6,532  inhab. 

Laguna-de-Madre,  Texas,  co.  San 
Patricio.     L.  100  m. ;  br.  10  m. 

Lahadj,  a  town  of  Arabia,  Yemen,  18 
m.  N.W.  Aden.     P.  5,000. 

Lahar,  two  towns  of  Ilindostan. 1. 

55  m.  E.  Gwalior. II.  British  India, 

presid.  Bengal,  53  m.  E.S.E.  Agra. 
Lahijan,    a  town   of    Persia,    30   m. 

E.S.E.  Keshd.     P.  7,000.- IL  a  plain, 

S.W.  Lake  Urumiyah. 

Lahn,  a  river  of  Central  Germany. 
L.  100  m. 

Lahnstein  (Upper  &  Lower),  two 
contiguous  market  towns  of  W.  Germany, 

8  m.  W.N.W.  Nassau. 1,  on  the  Rhine. 

P.  1,530. 11.  on  the  Lahn.     P.  1,860. 

Laholm,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden,  15 
m.  S.S.E.  Halmstad.    P.  1,000. 

Lahore,  the  cap.  city  of  the  Punjab, 
British  India,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Ra- 
vee.  P.  120,000.  It  is  enclosed  by  a 
double  line  of  defences,  the  outer  heing 
about  7  m.  in  circuit. 

Lahr,  a  town  of  Baden,  53  m.  S.S.W- 
Carlsruhe.     P.  6,110. 

Laichingen,  a  market  town  of  Wiir- 
temberg,  16  m.  N.W.  Ulm.     P.  2,000. 

Laighpoor,  a  town  of  Scinde,  60  m. 
S.S.W.  Hyderabad. 


434 


CVChOlVEDIA     OK    GliOGIiAPJIV 


[lam 


Laigle,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France. 

dep.  Orne,  cap.  cant.     P.  4,720. II.  an 

island  of  Lower  Canada. 

Laignes,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Cote-d'-Or.     P.  1,563. 

Laigueglia,  a  market  town  of  Sar- 
dinian sta.,  Genoa,  on  the  Mediterra- 
nean.    P.  1,421. 

Lain  ate,  a  market  town  of  Lombardy. 
P.  2,436. 

Laishev,  a  town  of  Russia,  30  m.  S.E. 
Kasan.     P.  2,100. 

Laissac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  AvejTon,  cap.  cant.,  23  m.  N.W. 
Millau.    P.  1,702. 

Lai-tcho0,  a  fortified  maritime  town 
of  China,  280  m.  S.E.  Peking. 

Laino,  a  market  town  of  Naples,  23 
m.  N.W.  Cassano.     P.  2,600. 

Lakahurrah,  a  vill.  of  the  Punjab, 
60  m.  N.B.  Mooltan. 

Lake,  N.E.  co.  0.     Area,  220  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Painesville.    P.  14,654. II.  N.W. 

CO.  la.       Area,  468  sq.  m.     Cap.  Crown 

Point.      P.   3,991. IIL   N.    eo.   111. 

Area,  425  sq.  m.     Cap.  Little  Fort.     P. 

14,226. IV.   p-t.,    Starke  co.  0.      P. 

2,150. V.  t.,  Logan  co.  O.     P.  1,175. 

VI.  t.,  Wayne  co.  0.    P.  1,144. 

Lake  Landing,   p-v.,  cap.  Hyde  co. 

N.  c: 

Lake  of  the  Thousand  Islands, 
Upper  Canada,  is  formed  where  the  river 
St.  Lawrence  emerges  from  Lake  On- 
tario. 

Lake  of  the  Woods,  a  lake  of  Britr 
ish  N.  America,  lat.  49°  N.,  Ion.  95°  W., 
circ.  300  m. 

Lake  Pleasant,  p-t.,  cap.  Hamilton 
CO.  N.Y.   This  t.  is  50  m.  long.   P.  296. 

Lake  Providence,  p-v.,  cap.  Carroll 
pa.  La.,  366  m.  from  N.  Orleans. 

Lakoora,  a  vill.  ofBeloochistan,  60  m. 
S.W.  Kelat. 

Lalita-Patan,  a  town  of  N.  Hindos- 
tan,  Nepaul.    P.  24,000.(7) 

Lallee,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  95  m. 
W.N.W..  Lahore.     P.  5,000. 

Lalloo,  a  vill.  of  Seinde,  60  m.  S. 
Roree  Bukkur. 

Lalpoor,  a  town  of  Afifghanistan,  36 
m.  W.N.W.  Peshawer, 

LALSrc,  a  town  of  Russia,  270  m. 
E.N.E.  Vologda,  on  the  Luza.     P.  3,000. 

Lalsoont,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  38  m. 
S.E.  Jeypoor. 

Lama,    several  vills.    of    Italy. 

I.  Naples,   cap.  cant.,  20  m.  S.  Chieti. 

P.  2,400. II.  Pontif.  sta.,  6  m.  E.N.E. 

Ascoli.    P.  1,260. III.  N.  Italy,  gov. 

Venice,  8  m.  E.S.E  Rovigo. — Lama,  a 
river  of  Russia. 


Lamar,   co.,    Texas,   cap.   Paris.     P. 

3,978. II.   p-t.,    Clinton  co.  Pa.     P. 

1,883.  .    ■ 

Lamarche,  a  comm.  &  viU.  of  France, 
dep.  Vosges.     P.  1,623. 

Lambach,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  on 
the  Traun.    P.  2,300. 

Lamballe,  comm.  &  town,  France,  dep. 
Cotes-du-Norcl,  cap.  cant,,  12  m.  E.S.E. 
St.  Brieuc.     P.  4,086. 

Lambay,  a  small  island  of  Ireland,  in 
the  Irish  sea.     P.  100. 

Lambayeciue,  a  town  of  Peru,  dep.  & 
120  m.  N.W.  Truxillo.     P.  8,000. 

Lambert  (St.),  several  market  towns 
&  comms.,  France,  dep.  Maine-et-Loire. 

Lambesc,  a  comm.  &  town,  S.  France, 
den.  B.-du-Rhune,  12  m.  W.N.W.  Aix. 
P.  2,610.       - 

Lambeth,  a  pari.  bor.  of  England,  co. 
Surrey,  comprising  most  part  of  the  S.W. 
quarter  of  the  metropolis,  S.  the  Thames. 
P.  139,246. 

Lambezellec,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Finist^re,  3  m.  N.  Brest.  P. 
2,165. 

Lambqukn  (Chipping),  a  market  town 
of  England,  co.  Berks.     P.  2,595. 

Lambrecht  (St.),  two  vills.,  Germany. 

L  17  m.AV;  Spires.     P.  1,471. IL 

St:,^ria,  17  m.  W.S.W.  Judenburg. 

Lambsheim,  a  market  town,  Rhenish 
Bavaria.     P.  2,631. 

Lamego,  a  city,  Portugal,  prov.  Beira, 
46  ra.  B.  Oporto.     P.  8,870. 

Lamesley,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
Durham. 

Lamia,  a  town  of  Greece,  cap.  gov. 
Phthiotis,  near  the  Turkish  frontier. 

.  La  Mine  River,  is  a  navigable  tribu- 
tary of  the  Missouri.     L.  80  m. 

Lamlash,  a  small  vill.  &  harbor  of 
Scotland,  on  the  S.E.  side  of  the  isle  of 
Arran. 

La.mmermoor  Hills,  Scotl.,  a  range 
of  mountains  extending  from  the  S.E.  co. 
Edinburgh  to  the  North  sea. 

LaSioille,  river,  Vt.,  flows  into  Lak« 

Champlain. II.   N.W.  co.   Vt.     Cap. 

Hyde  Park.     P.  10,872. 

Lamone,  a  river  of  Tuscany,  enters 
the  Adriatic.     L.  50  m. 

Lamoo.  a  seaport  town  of  E.  Africa, 
on  the  Indian  ocean.     P.  5,000.(?) 

Lamorsek,  one  of  the  Caroline  Is- 

SANDS.      . 

Lamov,  or  Lomov,  two  towns,  Russia, 

gov.  Pensa,  on  the  Lamov  river. 1.  65 

m.  W.N.W.  Penza.    P.  6,985. II.  63 

m.  W.N.W.  Penza. 

Lampa,  a  small  town  of  Peru,  dep.  >t 
155  m.  S.  Cuzco. 


lan] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


435 


Lampaul,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Finist^re.     P.  2,482. 

Lampedusa,  an  island  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean, about  midway  between  Malta  & 
the  Tunis  coast. 

Lampertheim,  a  town  of  Germany,  on 
the  Rhine,  21  m.  S.S.W.  Darmstadt.  P. 
3,987. 

Lampiter,  t.,  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  P. 
3,629. 

Lampong,  a  dist.  &  bay  at  the  S.  ex- 
tremity of  Sumatra. 

Lamporecchio,  a  town  of  Tuscany, 
pror.  Florence,  S.  Pistoja.     P.  2,800. 

Lamprey,  river,  N.  H. 

Lamsaki,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Asia-Minor, 
on  the  Hellespont. 

Lamspringe,  a  vill.  of  Honover,  14  m. 
S.  Hildesheim.     P.  1,200. 
.    Lani,  Pacific  ocean,  one  of  the  Sand- 
wich Islands. 

Lanark,  a  town  of  Scotland,  cap.  co., 

30  m.  S.W.  Edinburgh. II.  a  co.  of  W. 

Australia,  bounded  S.  &  W.  by  the  ocean. 
— A  division  of  Bathurst  dist-,  Upper 
Canada,  has  the  same  name. 

Lanarkshire,  an  inland  co.  of  Scot- 
land. Estim.  area,  945  sq.  m.  P.  532,114. 
It  consists  of  the  whole  upper  basin  of 
the  Clyde  &  its  affluents. 

Lancaster,  a  marit.  &  palatine  co.  of 
England,  having  W.  the  Irish  sea.  Area, 
1,766  sq.  m.  P.  2,063,913.  Surface  rug- 
ged &  mountainous  iu  the  N.,  where  Co- 
niston  Fell  rises  to  2,577  feet  above  the 
sea,  &  on  the  E.  border,  where  the  long 
ridge,  popularly  called  "  The  Backbone 
of  England,"  separates  the  co.  from  York. 

Lancaster,  S.B.  co.  Pa.     Area,  928 

sq.  m.     Cap.  Lancaster.     P.  98,944. 

II.  CO.  E.  Va.    Area,   168  sq.  m.     Cap. 

Heathville.  P. 4,708. III. N.  dist.  S.  C. 

Area,  524  sq.  m.     Cap.  Lancaster.      P. 

10,988. IV.  t.,  cap.  Coos  co.  N.  H.   P. 

1,316. V.  t.,  Worcester  co.  Mass.     P. 

1,688. yi.  p-t.,  Erie   co.  N.  Y.     P. 

3,794. VII.  city  &  cap.  Lancaster  co. 

-Pa.,  62  m.  W.  Philadelphia.  P.  9,000. 
It  has  considerable  commerce  &  manufs. 

VIII.  p-v.,  cap.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio. 

IX.  p-v.,  cap.  Gerrard  co.  Ky.     P. 

500. X.  p-t.,  Jefferson  co.  la. XI; 

p-v.,  cap.  Grant  co.  Wis. XII.  c.  h. 

cap.  Lancaster  co.  Va.,  83  m.  from  Rich- 
mond.— '■ — XIII.  c.H.  p-v.,  cap.  Lancaster 

dist.,  S.  C,  72  m.  from  Columbia. 

XIV.  a  seaport  town  of  England,  cap. 
above  co.,  on  the  Lune,  20  m.  N.N.W. 
Preston.  P.  25,817.  It  is  picturesquely 
situated  on  an  eminence,  crowned  by  the 
church  &  castle.  Houses  stone  built  & 
handsome. 


Lancava,  an  island  ofif  the  W.  coast 
of  the  Malay  peninsula. 

Lanchang,  the  cap.  town  or  city  of 
the  Laos  country,  S.E.  Asia. 

Lanciano,  a  town  of  Naples,  cap. 
dist.,  6  m.  from  the  Adriatic.     P.  13,000. 

Lancut,  or  Landshut,  a  town  of 
Austria,  Galicia.     P.  1,862. 

Landak,  a  Chinese  settlement  on  ihe 
island  of  Borneo,  near-  its  W.  coast. 

Landas,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Nord,  17  m.  N.B.  Douai.  P. 
2,405. 

Landau,  a  strongly  fortified  town  of 
Rhenish  Bavaria,  on  the  Queich,  18  m. 
N.W.  Carlsruhe.     P.  6,074. 

Landean,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  lUe-et-Vilaine,  5  m.  N.E.  Fou- 
geres.     P.  1,845. 

Landeck,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 

reg.  Breslau,  on  the  Biala.    P.  1,530. 

II.  a  vill.  of  the  Tyrol,  on  the  Inn,  40  m. 
W.S.W.  Innsbruck.     P.  1,000. 

Landeleau  &  LandelleS;  2  comms. 

&  vills.  of  France. 1,  dep.   Finist^re. 

P.    1,203. II.  dep.   Calvados,    6  m. 

N.W.Vire.     P.  1,641. 

Landerneau,  a  seaport  town  &  comm. 
of  France,  dep.  Finistere,  12  m.  E.N.E. 
Brest.     P.  4,099. 

Landeron,  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  &  8  miles  N.E.  Neuchatel.  P. 
1,000. 

Landes,  a  marit.  dep.  of  S.W.  France. 
Area,  3,486  sq.  m.  P.  302,196.  Surface 
covered  by  oifsets  of  the  Pyrenees  in-tho 
S.  North  of  the  Adour  it  is  occupied  by 
heaths  [Landes),  whence  its  name. 

Landevant,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan,  11  m.  E.  Lorient.  P. 
1,500. 

Landiras,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  W. 
France,  dep.  Gironde,  21  m.  S.S.E.  Bor- 
deaux.    P.  2,321. 

Landivisiau.  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Finistere,  12  m.  W.S.W. 
Morlaix.     P.  1,810. 

-Landivy,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  &  22 
m.  N.W.  Mayenne.     P.  2,020. 

Landoura,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

Landport,  a  large  suburb  of  Ports- 
mouth, England,  co.  Hants. 

Landrecies,  a  comm.  &  fortfd.  town 
of  France,  dep.  Nord,  on  the  Sambre.  P. 
3,483. 

Landriano,  a  town  of  Lombardy, 
deleg.  &  10  m.  N.N.E.  Pavia,  on  the 
Lambro.     P.  2,000. 

Landsbekg,  a  town  of  Prussia,  40  m. 
N.E.  Frankfurt,  cap.  circ.,-on  the  Warta. 
P.  11.621. 


436 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[lax 


Landsberg,    several   small  towns  of 

Q-ertnany. 1.  Bavaria,  on  the  Lech,  22 

m.   S.  Augsburg.      P.   3,245. II.   E. 

Prussia,  28  m.  S.  Konigsberg.     P.  1,967. 

III.  prov.  Brandenburg.     P.  1,507. 

IV.    Prussian    Saxony,    9  m.   N.E. 

Halle.  P.  1,002.— —V.  Prussian  Silesia, 
33  m.  N.E.  Oppeln,  on  the  Polisl^  fron- 
tier.    P.  1,026. 

Land's  End,  a  celebrated  headland, 
forming  the  most  W.  land  of  England, 
CO.  Cornwall. 

Landshut,  several  towns  of  Germany. 

1.  Lower  Bavaria,  on  the  Isar,  39  m. 

N.E.  Miinchen.    P.  9,307. II.  a  fortfd. 

town   of  Prussian  Silesia,  29  m.  S.S.W. 

Liegnitz,  on  the   Bober.     P.  3,998. 

III.  a  mkt.  town  of  Moravia,  37  m.  S.S.Jfi. 
Briinn.     P.  1,937. 

Landskron,  2  towns  of  Austria. 

I.  Bohenria,  on  the  Sawaza. II.  Ga- 

licia,  18  m.  S.W.  Cracow.     P.  1,500. 

Landskrona,  a  fortified  seaport  town 
of  S.  Sweden,  on  the  sound,  16  m.  N.E. 
Copenhagen.     P.  3,975. 

Landstuhl,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bava- 
ria.    P.  1,907. 

Lane  End,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  Stafford,  in  the  dist.  of  the  Potteries. 

Lanesborough,  t.,  Berkshire  co.  Mass. 
P.  1,140. 

Lanfains,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  COtes-du-Nord.     P.  2,226. 

Langeac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Loire,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  AUier. 
P.  2,347. 

Langeais,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Indre-et-iioire,  13m.W.S.W.  Tours. 
P.  1,981. 

Langeland,  an  island  of  Denmark,  in 
the  Great  Belt,  between  Fiihnen  &  Laa- 
land.     Area,  106sq.m.     P.  17,100. 

Langelsheim,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ger- 
many, Brunswick,  in  the  Harz,  5  m.  N.W. 
Goslar.     P.  1,461. 

Langemarch,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Bel- 
gium, prov.  W.  Flanders,  5  m.  N.N.E. 
Ypres.     P.  5,796. 

Langen,  a  town  of  Hessen-Darmstadt, 
9  m.  N.E.  Darmstadt.    P.  2,552. 

Langenau,    several    small  towns   of 

Germany. 1.  Wiirtemberg,  10  m.  N.E. 

Ulm.      P.   3,418. II.    Bohemia.     P. 

2,147. 

Langenberg,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 6  m.  N.  Elberfeld.     P.  2,350. 

Langenbielau,  four  contiguous  vills. 
of  Prussian  Silesia,  reg.  &  33  m.  S.W. 
Breslau.    United  p.  9,006. 

Langenbrucken,  &  Langenburg,  2 
vills.  of  S.  Germany;  the  former  in 
Baden,  7  m.  N.E.  Bruchsal,  with  1,240 


inhabs.,  the  latter,  Wiirtemberg,  46  m. 
N.E.  Stuttgart. 

Langenes,  an  island  of  Denmark, 
Schleswig,  off  its  W.  coast.     L.  6  m. 

Langenkandel,  a  vill.  of  Rhenish 
Bavaria,  9  m.  S.S.E.  Landau.     P.  3,542. 

Langenleuba,  a  vill.  of  Sa.xony, 
duchy  &  9  m.  S.E.  Altenburg.     P.  1,636. 

Langenlois,  a  mkt.   town  of  Lower 

Austria,  6m.  N.E.  Krems.    P.  3,549. 

II.  a  vill.  of  Pruss.  Saxony,  E.N.E. 

Erfurt.     P.  1,049. 

Langenols,  two  contiguous  vills.  of 
Prussian  Silesia.     P.  2,675. 

Langensalza,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  19  m.  N.W.  Erfurt,  on  the  Salza. 
P.  7,610. 

Langenschwalbach,  a  town  of  Nas- 
sau, 8  m.  N.W.  Wiesbaden.     P.  2,000. 

Langenselbold.  a  vill.  of  Cent.  Ger- 
many, 6  m.  E.N.E.  Hanau.     P.  2,549. 

Langenthal,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland, 
24  m.  N.E.  Bern.     P.  2,700. 

Langenweltzendorf,  a  vill.  of  Cen- 
tral Germany,  on  the  Leube.     P.  1,704. 

Langenzenn,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Zenn,  17  m.  N.E.  Anspach.    P.  1.960. 

Langer-oog,  three  islets  of  Hanover, 
prov.  E.  Friesland,  in  the  N.  sea. 

Langerwehe,  a  mkt.  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  13  ra.  E.  Aachen.     P.  1,296. 

Langezwaag,  a  market  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  prov.  Friesland.     P.  1,160. 

Langfield,  a  tnshp.  of  England,  eo. 
York,  W.  Riding.     P.  3,284. 

Langholm,  a  mkt.  town  of  Scotland, 
CO.  &  25  m.  E.N.E.  Dumfries,  on  the  Esk 
&  Ewes  rivers. 

Langholm,  one  of  the  islands  in  the 
Swedish  lake  Maeler. 

Langley-Point,  S.  coast  of  England, 
CO.  Sussex. 

Langnau,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  16  m. 
E.  Bern. 

L'angoat,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Cutes-du-Nord,  6  m.  W.  Lannion. 
P.  2,140. 

"  Langoen,  the  most  N.  of  the  Loffoden 
isls.,  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Norway.  L. 
35  miles. 

Langogne,  a  comm.&  town  of  France, 
dep.  Lozere,  on  the  AUier.-  P.  2,387. — 
Lan^oiran  is  a  vill.,  dep.  Gironde,  14  m. 
S.B.'Bordeaux..   P.  1,542. 

Langon,  a  comm.,  town,  &  river-port 
of  France,  dep.  Gironde,  25  m.  S.S.E. 
Bordeaux.     P.  2,597. 

Langonnbt,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Morbihan,  25  m.  W.  Pontivy. 
P.  3,442. 

Langport,  an  ano.  mkt.  town  &  river- 
port  of  Engl.,  CO.  Somerset.     P.  1,172. 


iae] 


Langhes,  a  comm.  &  fortified  town  of 
France,  dep.  Haute- Marne,  cap.  arrond., 
8  m.  S.S.E.  Chaumont.     P.  7,636. 

Languedoc,  an  old  prov.  in  the  S.  of 
France,  the  cap.  of  which  was  Toulouse. 

Languidic,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan,  10  m.  N.E.  Lorient.  P. 
6,105. 

Lanier,  p-v.,  cap.  Macon  co.  Ga. 

Laniscat,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  COtes-du-Nord,  17  m.  W.N.W.  Lou- 
deac.    P.  3,200. 

Lanjaron,  a  market  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  &  26  m.  S.E.  Granada,  Nevada. 
P.  2,960. 

Lankeran,  the  most  S.  town  of  Rus- 
sian Transcaucasia,  on  the  Caspian  sea. 

Lanmeur,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Finistere,  40  m.  E.N.E.  Brest.  P. 
2,775. 

Lannemezan,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Pyrenees,  17  m.  S.E. 
Tarbes.     P.  1,243. 

Lannepax,  a  comm.  &  small  town  of 
France,  dep.  Gers.     P.  1,513. 

Lanniles,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Finistere,  13  m.  N.  Brest.    P.  3,124. 

Lannion,  a  comm.,  town,  &  river- 
port  of  France,  dep.  COtes-du-Nord,  on 
rt.  b.  of  the  Guer,  6  m.  from  the  English 
channel.     P.  5,401. 

Lannoy,  a  coram.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Nord.  7  m.  E.N.E.  Lille.    P.  1,392. 

Lanrivain  &  Lanrqdec,  two  comms. 
&  vills.  of  France,  dep.  Cotes-du-Nord. 

Lansdown,  an  elevated  tract  of  table- 
land in  England,  co.  Somerset. 

Lansdowne,  a  co.  of  W.  Australia,  at 
the  N.E.  extremity  of  the  colony. 

Lansing,  t.,  Tompkins  co.  N.Y.  P. 
3,318. 

Lansingburg,  p-t.,  Eenssellaer  co. 
N.  Y.,  10  m.  from  Albany,  on  the  Hudson 
riv.,  at  the  head  of  sloop  nav.     P.  5,752. 

Lans-Le-Bourg,  a  market  town  of 
Savoy,  3  m.  N.W.  Mont  Cenis.    P.  1,550. 

Lantao,  an  isl.  of  China,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Canton  riv. 

Lantar,  an  isl.,  Indian  0. 

Lan-tchou,  a  city  of  China,  on  the 
Soang-ho. 

Lantjosca,  a  mkt.  town  of  Sardinia, 
20  m.  N.  Nice.     P.  2,240. 

Lanusei,  a  mkt.  town  of  the  island  of 
Sardinia,  div.  &  57  m.  N.N.E.  Cagliari. 
P.  1,766. 

Lanvollon,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  COtes-du-Nord,  13  m.  N.W.  St. 
Brieuc.     P.  1,462. 

Lanzarote,  the  most  N.E.  of  the 
Canary  isls.  Area  about  300  sq.  m.  P. 
17,500. 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER.- 


43Y 


Lanzo,  a  comm.  of  Piedmont,  18  m. 
N.N.W.  Turin.     P.  2,335. 

Laodicea,  two  ancient  cities  of  Asia- 
Minor.  1,  the  Laodicea  of  Scripture 

now  in  ruins;  (Turkish  Sski-Hissar), 
about  48  miles  S.E.  Allah  Shehr  (Phil- 
adelphia).  II.  22  miles  N.N.W.  Ko- 

nieh. 

Laon,  a  city  of  France,  cap.  dep. 
Aisne,  74  m.  N^E.  Paris.  P.  8,054.  It 
is  enclosed  by  old  massive  walls. 

Laos,  a  country  of  S.E.  Asia,  occupy- 
ing the  centre  of  the  peninsula  of  Further 
India.  Its  boundaries  &  area  are  wholly 
unknown  to  Europeans  ;  its  population 
has  been  estimated  at  a  million. 

Laour,  a  town  of  British  India,  presid. 
Bengal,  dist.  Sylhet,  110  m.  N.N.E. 
Dacca. 

La  Paz,  a  dep.  of  Bolivia,  having  W. 
South  Peru  &  Lake  Titicaca.  Estim. 
area,  40,000  sq.  m.,  &  p.  300,000.  It  is 
traversed  by  the  cordillera  of  the  Andes. 
—  La  Paz,  the  cap.,  is  situated  at  an 
elevation  of  12,226  feet.     P.  20,000. 

Lapeer,  N.E.  co.  Mich.  Area,  828 
sq.  m.  P.  7,029. — Gap.  Lapeer,  a  t.,  61 
m.  from  Detroit.     P.  800. 

Lapio,  a  town  of  Naples.    P.  2,500. 

Lapland,  a  country  of  N.  Europe, 
belonging  partly  to  Russia,  &  partly  to 
Sweden,  having  S.  Finland  &  Sweden, 
W.  Norway,  N.  the  Arctic  ocean,  &  E. 
the  White  sea.  Estim.  area,  150,000  sq. 
m.     P.  60,000. 

La  Pointe,  CO.  Wis.     P.  489. 

La  Porte,  N.W.  co.  la.  Area,  460 
sq.  m.  P.  12,145. — La  Forte,  the  cap., 
is  145  m.  from  Indianapolis. 

Laprairie,  a  vill.  of  Lower  Canada, 
on  rt.  b.  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  9  m.  S.W. 
Montreal. 

Lapte,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Haute-Loire.     P.  2,616. 

Lar,  a  town  of  Persia,  cap.  prov. 
Laristan,  &  formerly  of  an  Arabian  king- 
dom, 180  m.  S.E.  Shiraz.     P.  12,000.  (?) 

II.  a  riv.  of  Persia,  tributary  to  the 

Caspian  sea. 

Lapanjeiras,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  1. 
b.  of  the  Cotiridiba,  20  m.  from  its  mouth, 
in  the  Atlantic.     P.  3,000. 

Laredo,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  34  m. 
W.N.W.  Bilbao.     P.  2,980.    ' 

Laren,  two   eomms.   &   vills.   of  the 

Netherlands. 1.  8  m.  N.E.  Zutphen. 

P.  2,954: II.  N.  Holland.     P.  1,929. 

Largentiere,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
Franco,  dep.  ArJeche,  on  the  Ligne.     P. 

2,700. II.  a  vill.,  dep.  H.  Alpes,  9  m. 

S.W.  Brianpnn 

IjArgs,  a  seaport  of  Scotland,  co.  Ayr, 


438 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[lau 


on  a  bay  of  same  name,  22  m.  W.S.W. 
Glasgow.    P.  3,523. 

Lari,  a  market  town  of  Central  Italy, 

Tuscany,  14  m.  S.E.  Pisa.     P.  1,570. 

II.  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  on  the  N.W. 
shore  of  Lake  Tchad,  100  m.  N.W.  Kouka. 

Larino,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Molise,  cap.  dist.     P.  3,700. 

Larissa,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
cap.  prov.  Thessaly,  beside  the  Salembria 
river.     P.  20,000. 

Laristan,  a  maritime  prov.  of  Persia, 
having  S.  the  Persian  gulf.  Estim.  area, 
16,000  sq.  m. 

Larke,  a  river  of  England. 

Larkhall,  a  vill.  of  Scotland,  co.  La- 
nark, 9  m.  W.N.W.  Lanark.     P.  1,609. 

Larkhana,  a  fortified  town  of  Scinde, 
cap.  a  dist.,  145  m.  N.W.  Hyderabad.  P. 
12,000. 

Larne,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  eo. 
Antrim,  17-J  m.  N.N.E.  Belfast.  P. 
3,345. 

Larner,  Preble  co.  0.     P.  1,618. 

Larnica,  a  town  of  Cyprus,  near  its 
S.  coast.     P.  3,000. 

Laroche,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  on  the 
Ourthe,  14  m.  N.W.  Bastogne.    P.  1,334. 

La  Roda,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  & 
24  m.  N.W.  Albacete.     P.  4,572. 

Larrack,  an  island  at  the  entrance  of 
the  Persian  gulf,  15  m.  S.  Ormuz. 

Larraga,  a  town  of  Spain,  20  m. 
S.S.W.  Pamplona,  with  1,512  inhabs. 

Lars,  a  strong  fort  &  vill.  of  S.  Rus- 
sia, gov.  Caucasus. 

La  Rue,  county,  Ky.     P.  5,859. 

Laruns,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  B. -Pyrenees,  22  m.  S.  Pau.  P. 
1,464. 

Larvego,  a  vill.  of  Sardinia.  P. 
3,840. 

Lasalle,  a  CO.  of  the  U.  S.,  N.  Ameri- 
ca, in  N.E.  of  Illinois.  Area.  1,864  sq. 
m.     P.  9,348. 

Lasalle,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 

dep.  Gard.     P.  1,4^4. II.  N.E.  co.  111. 

Area,  1,864  sq.  m.  Cap.  Ottawa.  P. 
17,815. 

Lasgird,  a  fortified  vill.  of  Persia,  15 
m.  S.W.  Semnoon. 

Lask,  or  Lasko,  a  town  of  Poland, 
prov.  &  ,48  m.  E.S.B.  Kalisz.     P.  2,020. 

Las  Palmas,  cap.  town  of  Canary 
isls. 

Lassa,  the  cap.  city  of  Tibet,  &  resi- 
dence of  the  Dalai  or  Grand  Lama,  on  the 
Mourau  river,  an  affluent  of  the  San-po. 
P.  24,000.  The  great  temple  of  Buddha, 
also  the  residence  of  the  Grand  Lama,  is 
a  vast  square  edifice,  covering,  with  its 
precincts,  many  acres. 


Lassan,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Pomerania, 
40  m.  S.E.  Stralsund.    P.  1,985. 

Lassay,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  10 
m.  N.N.E.  Mayenne.     P.  1,355. 

Lasseube,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.-Pyrenees,  6  m.  E.N.E.  Oleron'.  P. 
3,040. 

Lassook,  a  town  of  British  India,  7 
m.  N.W.  Choprah. 

Lastra,  a  vill.  of  Tuscany,  5  m.  W. 
Florence,  on  the  Arno.     P.  4,388. 

Laswaree,  a  vill.  of  Brit.  India,  68 
m.  N. Wr  Agra. 

Lata,  a  town  of  Turkish  Armenia,  45 
m.  N.W.  Van. 

Latacunga,  a  town  of  S.  Amer. 

Latakia,  a  seaport  town  of  Syria,  70 
m.  N.  Tripoli,  on  the  Mediterranean.  P. 
7,000. 

Laterina,  a  vill.  of  Tuscany,  on  the 
Arno,  with  mineral  springs. 

Laterza,  a  vill.  of  Naples,  25  m. 
N.W.  Taranto.     P.  3,100. 

Latham  Island,  near  B.  coast  of  Af- 
rica. 

Latikerry,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  dom. 
&  140  m.  N.E.  Kotah. 

Latille,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Vienne,  12  m.  W.N.W.  Poitiers.  P. 
I,l81. 

Latimore,  t.,  Adams  co.  Pa.   P.  1,013. 

Latisana,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.  Italy, 
gov.  Venice.     P.  2,800. 

Latronico,  a  town  of  Naple-s,  cap. 
cant.,  40  m.  S.E.  Potenza.     P.  3,500. 

Lattakoo,  a  populous  town  of -S.  Afri- 
ca. Bechuana  country, 

Latta-Latta  Isles,  a  group  of  the 
Malay  archipelago,  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Gilolo.     The  largest  is  25  m.  in  circum. 

Lattier  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  on  the  Isere,  7  m.  S.W.  St. 
Maroellin.     P.  1,558. 

Laubach,  a  town  of  Central  Germany, 
15  m.  E.S.E.  Giessen.  P.  2,032.  It  has 
a  library  of  50,000  vols. 

Lauban,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
40  m.  W.S.W.  Liegnitz,  cap.  circ,  on  the 
Queiss.     P.  5,850. 

Laucha,  &  LauchstadTj  two  towns 
of  Pruss. 

Laudun.  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gard,  on  the  Tave.     P.  1,980. 

Lauda,  a  walled  town  of  Baden,  on 
the  Tauber.  P.  1,077. —  Laudenbach  is 
a  vill.  of  Wiirtemberg,  circ.  Jast.  P. 
1,136. 

Lattder,  a  town  of  Scotl.,  co.  Berwick, 
on  the  Leader,  23  m.  S.E.  Edinburgh.  P. 
1,105. 

Lauderdale,  N.W.  co.  Ala.  Area, 
072  sq.  m.     Cap.  Florence.     P.    17,172 


LAU] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZE'lTEER. 


439 


II.   E.  CO.  Mis3.    Area,  700  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Marion.  P.  8,717.-111.  W.  co. 
Tenn.  Area,  375, sq^  m.  Cap.  Ripley. 
P.  5,169. 

Lauenburg,  a  duchy  of  Denmark, 
bounded  N.  by  Liibeck,  E.  Mecklenburg 
Kchwerin,  S.  by  the  Elbe,  &  W.  by  Hol- 
stein.  Area,  400  sq.  m.  P.  46,486. — 
Lauenburg,  the  cap.,  is  situated  on  rt.  b. 
of  the  Elbe,  27  m.  S.E.  Hamburg.  P. 
1,200,  with  suburbs  3,800.- — 11.  a  town 
of  Prussia,  prov.  Pomerania,  68  m. 
E.N.E.  Koslia.     P.  3,810. 

Lauenstein,  t.,  Hanover,  E.S.E.  Hil- 
desheim.     P.  1,012. 

Lauf,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  10  m.  E.N.E. 
Nurnberg.  P.  3,008. — Laufach  is  a  vill., 
8  m.  E.N.E.  Aschaffenburg.     P.  1,077. 

Laufen,  a  frontier  town  of  Upper  Ba- 
varia,   on  the   Salzach,    10  m.  N.N.W. 

Salzburg.     P.  1,800. II.    a   town   of 

Wiirtemberg,  on  the  Neckar.     P.  3,960. 

— Laufenburg  is  a  vill.  of  Baden. III. 

Switzerland,  cant.  Aargau. 

Laughaene,  a  seaport  town'  of  South 
Wales,  CO.  &  9  m.  S.S.W.  Carmarthen. 

Laugheey,  t..  Dearborn  co.  la.  P. 
1,501. 

Lauheim,  a  mkt.  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
13  m.  S.S.W.  Ulm.     P.  3,100. 

Lauingin,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Danube,  26  m.  N.W.  Augsburg.  P.  3,816. 

Laujar,  a  town  of  Spain,  18  m.  IST.W. 
Almeira.     P.  2,980. 

Laun,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  10  m.  N.E. 
Saaz.     P.  2,100. 

Launceston,  town  of  England,  co. 
Cornwall,  on  the  Kensey,  22  m.  N.N.W. 

Plymouth.     P    16:819. II.  the   most 

N.E.  dist.  of  Tasmania  (Van  Diemen's 
Land). III.  cap.  co.  Cornwall,  &  sec- 
ond town  of  Tasmania,  32  m.  S.E.  Port 
Dalrymple.     P.  5,000. 

Laupen,  a  small  town  of  Switzerland, 
11  m.  W.S.W.  Berne.  ■ 

Laureana,  a  town  of  Naples,  cap. 
cant.,  10  m.  E  S.E.  Nicotera.     P.  2,050. 

_  Laurel,  S.E.  co.  Ky.  Area,  400  aq. 
m.      Cap.  London.     P.  4,145. 

Laurel  Mountains,  afe  a  branch  of 
the  Alleghany  range,  extending  from 
Pennsylvania  across  Virginia  into  Ken- 
tucky. 

Laurence-Kirk,  t.,  Scotland,  co.  Kin- 
cardine.    P.  1,365. 

Laurens,  N.W.  dist.,  S.  C.  Area, 
920    sq.    m.       Cap.    Laurensville.       P. 

23,407. II.   S.E.  CO.  Ga.    Area,  780 

sq.  m.     Cap.  Dublin.    P.  6,442. IIL 

p-t.,  Otsego  CO.  N.Y.    P.  2, 168. 

Laurent  (St.),  comm.  &  vill.  of  Bel- 
gium, 16  m.  N.W.  Ghent.     P.  2,580. 


Laurent  (  St.),    numerous    comms., 

towns,  &  vills.  of  France. 1,  (de  la 

Salavgue),  dep.  E.  Pyrenees,  7  m.  N.E. 

Perpignan.     P.  3,526. II.  (du  Pant), 

dep.  Isere,  14  m.  N.  Grenoble.     P.  3,156. 

III.  {de  Medoo),  dep.  Gironde,  cap. 

cant.,  25  m.  N.N.W.  Bordeaux.    P.  2,750. 

IV.  (s^ur   Gorre),   dep.   H.  Vienne, 

cap.  cant.,  14  m.  W.S.W.  Limoges.  P. 
2,619. ^^V.  {de  Cerda),  dep.  B.  Py- 
renees. P.  3,302. VI.  {de  Chamouset), 

dep.  Rhone,  cap.  cant.,  17  m.  W.  Lyon. 

P.  1,690. VII.  {d'Olt),  dep.  Aveyron, 

on  the  Lot.  P.  2,130. VIII.  {de  Ter- 
ra Gatt&),  dep.  Manche.    P.  1,390. 

IX.  {de  la  Flaine).  dep.  Maine-et-Loire. 

P.  1,530. X.  {de  I'Ain),  dep.  Ain.    P. 

1,370. XI.  {de  Neste),  dep.  H.  Py- 
renees, near   the   Neste.     P.  1,409. 

XII.  (en  Royans),   dep.  DrOme,  23  m. 

E.N.E.  Valence.  ^  P.  1,240. XIII.  {du 

Fape),  dep.  Ardeche,  on  the  Brieux.     P. 

1,250. XIV.   {des  Sains),  same  dep., 

16  m.  W.N.W.  Largentiere,  celebrated 
for  its  saline  thermal  baths.— — XV.  {sur 
Sevre),  dep.  Vendee,  3  m.  S.E.  Mortagne. 
P.  1,06S. 

Laurenzana,  a  town  of  Naples, 
carp,  cant.,  15  miles  S.SE.  Potenza.  P. 
5,000. 

Lauria,  a  town  of  Naples,  7  m.  S.S.B. 
Lagonegro.     P.  6,700. 

Lauriere,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Vienne,  23  m.  N.N.E.  Limoges. 
P.  1,248. 

Laurino  &  Laurito,  two  small  towns 
of  Naples,  prov.  Princip.  Cit.,  caps, 
cants. 

Lauri'ston,  a  vill.  of  Scotland,  co.  Stir- 
ling.    P.  1,198. 

Lauro,  two  vills.  of  Naples,  prov.  T. 

di  Lavoro. 1.  16  m.  E.  Gaeta. II. 

6  m.  S.E.  Nola. 

Laurvig,  a  seaport  town  of  Norway, 
65  m.  S.S.W.  Christiania.     P.  3,400. 

Lausanne,  a  city  of  Switzerland,  cap. 

cant.    Vaud.        P.    12,000. II.    p-t., 

Northampton  co.  Pa.     P.  1,590. 

Lausigk,  a  town  of  Saxony,  18  m. 
S.S.E.  Leipzig.     P.  2,261. 

Laussonne,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Haute  Loire.     P.  1,900. 

Laut,  an  isl.,  E.  archipelago. 

Lautenbueg,  a  town  of  W.  Prussia. 
P.  2,050. 

Lautentkal,  a  town  of  Hanover,  in 
the  Harz.     P.  2,174.  _   ' 

Lauter,  a  river  of  Rhenish  Bavaria. 

L.  44  m. II.   a  vill.  of  Saxony.    P. 

2,388. 

Lauterbach,  a  town  of  Germany,  14 
m.  W.N.AV.  Fulda.     P.  3,380. 


440 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[lea 


Lauterberg,  a  town  of  Hanover.  P. 
3,216. 

Lauterbourg,  a  fortified  front,  town 
&  comm.  of  Prance,  dep.  B.  Rhin,  on  r. 
b.  of  the  Lauter,  34  m.  N.E.  Strasbourg. 
P.  2,280. 

Lauteebrijnnen,  a  vill.  of  Switzer- 
land, cant.  &  33  m.  S.B.  Bern.     P.  1,350. 

Lauterecken,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Ba- 
varia.    P. '1,155.. 

Lautrec,  a  comm.  &  tovpn  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn.    P.  1,090. 

Lauzerte,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn-et-Garonne.     P.  1,650. 

Lauzet  (Le),  &  Lauzun,  a  vill.  &  a 

town    of  France. 1,   dep.   B.    Alpes. 

II.  dep.  Lot-et-Garonne.     P.  1,390. 

Lavacca,  CO.,  Texas.    P.  1,571. 

Lavagna,  a  marit.  town  of  Sardinia?, 
cap.  mand.,  on  the  gulf  of  Genoa.  P.  of 
comm.  6,232. — Lavaqno  is  a  vill.  of  Aus- 
trian Italy,  6  m.  E.  Verona.     P.  2,800. 

Laval,  a  comm.  &  toAvn  of  France, 
cap.  dep.  Mayenne,  on  the  Maeynne,  150 
W.S.W.  Paris.     P.  15,424. 

Lavamund,  a  mkt.  towu  of  Illyria,  oa 
the  Brave. 

Lavant,  a  river  of  Carinthia.  L.  40 
miles. 

Lavant,  a  river  of  Engl.,  co.  Sussex. 

Lavabdac  &  Lavardens,  two  towns 
of  S.W.  France. 1,  dep.  Lot-et-Ga- 
ronne,   on   the  Baise.     P.  1,442. II. 

dep.  Gers. 

Lavaub,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn,  23  m.  S.W.  Albi.     P.  4,014. 

Lavelanet,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ariege,  12  m.  E.  Foix.  P. 
2,710. 

Lavello,  a  town  of  Naples,  8  m.  N.E. 
Melfi.     P.  3,000. 

Lavenham,  or  Lanham,  a  town  of 
Engl.,  CO.  Suffolk.     P.  1,871. 

Laveno,    &   Lavenza,    two    market 

towns  of  N.   Italy. 1,  in  Lombardy, 

23    m.    W.N.V/'.    Como. II.    duchy 

Massa,  on  the  gulf  of  Genoa. 

Laventie,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Pas-de-Calais.     P.  1,330. 

Lavjngton  (East),  a  market  town  of 
Engl.,  CO.  Wilts. 

Lavis,  a  market  town  of  Austria,  in 
the  Tyrol,  5  m.  N.  Trent.     P.  2,207. 

Lavit,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn-et-Garonne.     P.  1,465. 

Lavras-de-Funil,  a  town  of  Brazil, 
105  m.  W.S.W.  Ouro  Preto.     P.  12,000. 

Lawrence,   N.  co.   Ala.     Area,   725 

sq.  m.     Cap.   Moulton.     P.   15,258. 

II.  S.  CO.  Mis.i.     Area,  790  sq.  m.     Cap. 

Monticello.  P.  6,478. III  S.  co.  Tenn. 

Area,  780  sq.  m.     Cap.  Lawreneeboro'. 


P.  9,280.— —IV.  E.  CO.  Ky.    Area,  650 

sq.    m.        Cap.    Louisa.     P.  6,281. 

V.  S.co.  0.  Area,  43Qsq.m.  Cap.  Bur- 
lington.    P.   15,246. VI.  central  co. 

la.     Area,  438  sq.  m.     Cap.  Bedford.    P. 

12,097. VII.  S.E.  CO.  111.     Area,  560 

sq.  m.  P.   6,121.  Lawreneeville,  the  cap. 

is   159   m.   from   Springfield. VIII. 

N.E.co.  Ark.  Area,  1,300  sq.m.  Cap. 
Jackson.  P.  5,271. IX.  t.,  St.  Law- 
rence CO.  N.  Y.  P.  2,209. X.  t.,  Mer- 
cer CO.  N.  J.     P.  1,556. XI.  t.,  Stark 

CO.  0.     P.  2,043. XII.  t.,  Tuscarawas 

CO.   0.      P.  1,523. XIII.  county.  Pa. 

P.  21,079. XIV.  t.,  Clearfield  co.  Pa. 

P.  L032. 

Lawrence  (St.)  (Gulf  or),  a  large 
inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  N.  America,  sur- 
rounded by  the  British  colonial  territo- 
ries.    Av.  1.  &  b.,  280  m.  each. 

Lawrence   (St.),   an  isl.  in  Bhering 

sea.     L.  E.  to  W.,  80  m. ;  b.  30  m. II. 

{St),  an  important  river  of  N.  America, 
forming  part  of  the  N.  boundary  of  the 
U.  S.  It  flows  E.,  &  enters  the  gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence.  L.  from  Lake  Ontario  to 
the  gulf,  650  m.,  entire  length,  1,800  m. 
The  basin  of  the  St.  Lawrence  is  estim. 
to  contain  297,000  sq.  m.,  of  which  94,000 
are  covered  with  the  waters  of  the  great 
lakes. 

Lawrenceburg,  p-v.,  cap.  Anderson 
CO.  Ky. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Dearborn  co.  la. 

LawhiSnceville,  p-b.,  Alleghany  co. 
Pa.  P.  1,000. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Bruns- 
wick CO.  Va.     P.  400. III.  p-v.,  cap. 

Montgomery  co.  N.  C. IV.  p-v.,  cap. 

Gwinnett  co.  Ga. V.  p-v.,  cap.,  Mon- 
roe CO.  Ark. 

Laxas,  a  river  of  Central  America, 
enters  the  lake  of  ISTioaragua. 

Laybach,  the  cap.  city  of  Illyria,  Aus- 
trian empire.  P.  13,000.  It  has  many 
handsome  public  edifices. — Upper  Lay- 
bach  is  a  vill.,  12  m.  W.S.W.  P.  1,400.— 
The  Laibach  river  rises  S.  Adelsberg, 
under  the  name  of  the  Poik  ;  is  lost  in 
the  grotto  of  Adelnsberg,  &  re-appears 
in  the  IJnz. 

Layrac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Lot-et-Garonne,  on  the  Gers.  P. 
1,253. 

Layton,  a  township  of  Engl.,  co.  Lan- 
caster.    P.  1,958. 

Lazaroff,  a  small  isl.,  Pacific  ocean, 
in  lat.  14°  53'  30"  S.,  Ion.  148°  39'  30"  W'. 

Lazise,  a  small  fortified  town  of  Aus- 
trian Italy,  13  m.  W.N.W.  Verona.  P. 
2,540. 

Lazzabo-degli-armeni  (St.),  a  small 
isl.  in  the  lagoon  of  Venice. 

Lea,  a  river  of  Engl.    L.  40  m. 


lee] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


441 


Lkacock,  p-t.,  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  P. 
3,537. 

Leadhills,  a  mining  vill.  of  Scotland, 
CO.  &  18  m.  S.  Lanark. 

Leake,  central  co.  Miss.  Area,  576 
sq.  m.    Cap.  Carthage.     P.  5,533. 

Leakesville,  p-v.,  cap.  Green  CO. Miss. 

Leamington,  a  mrkt.  town  &  fashion- 
able watering-place  of  England,  co.  & 
2i  m.  E.  Warwick. 

Leao-Tong,  a  prov.  of  the  Chinese 
empire,  N.  of  the  Great  "Wall. — The  gulf 
of  Leao-tong,  an  inlet  of  the  Yellow  sea, 
is  150  m.  long,  &  from  70  to  120  m.  broad. 

Leba,  a  river,  lake,  &  town  of  Prussia, 
prov.  Pomerania. 

Lebadea,  a  town  of  Greece,  cap.  gov. 
Boeotia,  &  having  before  the  Greek  revo- 
lution about  10,000  inhabs. 

Lebanon,  a  famous  mountain  chain 
of  Syria,  extending  from  the  vicinity  of 
Antioch,  South  to  near  Sidon.  Its  cul- 
minating point,  Jeb-el-Makmel,  rises  to 
12,000  feet. — Antl-Libanus  stretches  far- 
ther S.,  divides  to  enclose  the  Dead  sea. 

Mt.  Hermon  is  10,000  feet  high. II. 

S.E.  CO.  Pa.  Area,  348  sq.  m.  P.  26,071. 
— Lebanon  the  cap.  is  ai  p-b.,  24  m.  from 

Harrisburg.  P.  2,500. III.  t.,York  co. 

Me.  P.  2,273. IV.  t.,  Grafton  co.  N.  H. 

P.  1,754. V.  t.,  New  London  co.  Conn. 

P.  2,194. VL  p-t.,  Madison  co.  N.  Y. 

P.    1,709. VII.   p-t.,    Hunterdon   co. 

N.  J.  P.  3,849. VIII.  p-v.  cap.  "War- 
ren eo.  0.  P.  1,500. IX.  p-v.,  cap.  Rus- 
sell CO.  Va. X.  p-v.,  cap.  Marion  co. 

Ky.     P.  600. XI.  p-v.  cap.  "Wilson  co. 

Tenn.  P.  1,500. XII.  p-v.,  cap.  Boone 

CO.  la. XIII.  p-v.,  St.  Clair  co.  111., 

71  m.  from  Springfield.  P.  300.  It  con- 
tains McKendree  coll. XIV.  p-v.,  cap. 

Searcy  co.   Ark. XV.  p-v.,    cap.  De 

Kalb  CO.  Ala. XVI.  t.,  Cooper  co.  Mo. 

P.  1,000. 

Lebedian,  a  town  of  Russia,  110  m. 
"W.N."W.  Tambov.     P.  3,000. 

Lebedin,  a  fortified  town  of  Russia. 
75  m.  W.N.W.  Kharkov.     P.  10,515. 

Lebida,  a  ruined  town  of  N.  Africa, 
64  m.E.  Tripoli. 

Lebkija,  a  town  of  Spain,  S.S."W.  Se- 
villa,  near  Lb.  of  Guadalquivir.    P.  7,741. 

Lebus,  a  town  of  Prussia,  5  m.  N. 
Frankfiirt,  on  the  Oder.     P.  1,750. 

Lecce,  a  city  of  Naples,  23  m.  N."W. 
Otranto.     P.  14,200. 

Lecco,  a  mkt.  town  of  Lombardy,  16 
m.  E.N.E.  Como.     P.  4,330. 

Lecelles,  a  comm.  &,  vill..  of  France, 
dep.  Nord.     P.  2,230. 

Lech,  a  river  of  S.  Germany,  Tyrol  & 
JBavaria.    L.  TiO  m. 

19* 


Lechenich,  a  fortified  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  13  miles  S.IV.  Cologne.  P. 
1,700. 

Lechhausen,  a  vill.  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Lech,  \h  m.  N.N.E.  Augsburg.  P. 
2,100. 

Lechlade,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  Gloucester.     P.  1,300. 

Leck,  a  river  of  the  Netherlands,  an 
arm  of  the  Old  Rhine. 

Lectouhe,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gers,  cap.  arrond.,  20  m.  N.  Auch. 
P.  3,107. 

Leczna,  a  royal  town  of  Poland,  15 
m.  E.N.E.  Lublin.     P.  2,266. 

Ledbury,  a  mkt.  town  of  England,  co. 
&  13  m.  E.  Hereford.     P.  4,591. 

Lede,    &    Ledeghem,  two  comms.  & 

vills.  of  Belgium. 1,  prov.  E.  Flanders. 

II.  prov.  "W.  Flanders.     P.  2,637. 

Ledesma,  a  fortified  town  of  Spain, 
20  m.  N.'W.  Salamanca,  on  the  Tormes. 
P.  2,000. 

Ledyard,  t..  New  London  co.  Conn. 
II.  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.     P.  2,043. 

Lee,  S.W.  co.  Va.     Area,  512  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Jonesville.     P.  10,267. II.  S."W. 

CO.  Ga.     Area,  600  sq.  m.     Cap.  Stark- 

ville.   P.  6,659. IIL  N.  co.  111.   Area, 

720  sq.  m.     Cap.  Dixon.     P.  5,292. 

IV.  S.  CO.  Iowa.     Area,  600  sq.  m.     Cap. 

Fort   Madison.      P.    18,860. V.   p-t., 

Berkshire  co.  Mass.     Important  manufs. 

P.  3.230. VL  p-t.,  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  3,033. VII.  t.,  Calhoun  co.  Mich. 

P.  2,000. VIII.    a  river   of  Ireland, 

Munster.  L.  35  m. — Also  a  small  river, 
CO.  Kerry. 

Leeds,  the  principal  woollen  manufac- 
turing town  of  England,  co.  York,  "W. 
Riding,  situated  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
Aire,  170  m.  N.N."W.  London.  P.  101,- 
331.  It  is  irregularly  laid  out,  but  has 
several  good  &  spacious  thoroughfares. 
Its  principal  woollen  fabrics  consist  of 
the  finest  broadcloths,  kerseymeres, 
swandowns,  &  beavers. II.  t.,  Kenne- 
bec CO.  Me.     P.  1,736. 

Leek,  a  manufacturing  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Stafford,  on  the  Cburnet,  12  m.  S.E. 
Macclesfield.     P.  11,738. 

Leek  (De),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  the 
Netherlands,  9  m.  W.S.W".  Groningen 
P.  4,451. 

Leel.'\nau,  CO.  Mich.,  on  E.  shore  of 
Lake  Mich.     Unorganized. 

Leende,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  the  Ne- 
therlands, prov.  N.  Brabant.     P.  1,528. 

Leer,  a  town  of  Hanover,  17  m.  S. 
Aurich.  cap.  dist.,  on  the  Leda.  P. 
6,719.  ■ 

LeerdaMj  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 


442 


CYCLOPEDIA-  OF    OEOGRAPHY, 


[XEI 


prov.   S.    Holland,    19   m.   E.N.E.    Dor- 
drecht.    P.  2,665. 

Leesbubg,  p-v.,  cap.  Loudon  co.  Ya., 
153  m.  N.  Richmond.     P.  2,000. 

Leeuwarden,  a  fortified  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  on  the  Ee.     P.  21,956. 

Leeuwen,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  GuelJerland,  14  m.  W.  Nimeguen. 
P.  1,500. —  Cape  Leeuicen  is  a  headland 
of  W.  Australia,  6  m.  S.W.  Augusta. — 
Leeuwen-Iand  oom'prisos  most  part  of  the 
colony  of  W.  Australia. 

Leeward  Isl.^nds,  a  name  applied  to 
the  W.  India  isls.,  N.  of  lat.  15°  N. 

Lefkb,  a  vill.  of  Asia-Minor,  Anatolia, 

45    m.   E.N.E.  Brusa. II.   a  vill.  of 

Ithaca,  Ionian  isls. 

Lefkosia,  the  cap.  city  of  the  isl.  Cy- 
prus, nearly  in  its  centre.  P.  18,000. (?) 
It  is  "  a  Venetian,  converted  into  a  Turk- 
ish city." 

Leftwich.  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  Ches- 
ter.    P.  2,001. 

Lefuga  Island,  one  of  the  Hapay 
group,  Pacific  ocean. 

Leganes,  a  small  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
&  7  m.S.W.  Madrid.     P.  1,905. 

Lege,  a  coram.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Loire  Inf.,  cap.  cant.,.  23  m. 
S.S.W.  Nantes.     P.  3,401. 

Legeh  (St.),  numerous  comms.  &  vills. 
of  France. 

Legni,  or  Leyni,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont, 
&  9  m.  N.E.  Turin.     P.  3,090. 

Leghorn,  a  city  &  the  principal  sea- 
port of  Tuscany,  prov.  Pisa.,  on  the  Me- 
diterranean, 48  m.  W.S.W.  Florence. 
P.  80,195.  It  is  of  square  shape,  en- 
closed by  new  walls,  well  built,  clean, 
well  paved,  &  was  lighted  by  gas  in  1846. 
The  N.  part  of  the  city  is  intersected  by 
canals,  and  the  port  is  divided  into  an 
inner  &  outer  harbor;  the  latter  for  ves- 
sels under  400  tons,  is  protected  by  a  fine 
mole  running  upwards  of  J  m.  into  the 
sea.  The  roadstead  lies  W.N.W.  the 
harbor. 

Legnago,  a  fortified  town  of  Lorn- 
bardy  &  Venice,  22  m.  S.E.  Verona.     P. 

5,900. II,  a  mkt.  town,  16  m.  N.W. 

Milan.     P.  4,790. 

Legnaja  (Boego  di),  a  vill,  of  Tus- 
cany.    P.  2,104. 

Legrad,  a  irkkt.  town  of  S.'W'.  Hun- 
gary, co.-Szalad,  on  the  Drave.    P.'  2,337. 

Leh,  or  Lb,  a  city,  of  Central  Asia, 
cap.  the  dist.  Ladakh-(Little  Tibet). 

Lehigh,  r..  Pa., -bY.  of  the  Del.lOQ.m. 

long. II.  E.  CO.  Pa.     Area,  389  sq. 

m.       Cap.  -  Allentown.       P.   32,479. ■- 

III.  t.,  Northampton  co.  Pa.,  on  rive-r  of 
same  name,  where  it  flows  through"  the 


magnificent  pass  of  the  Blue  Mntns.,  30 
m.  N.W.  Easton. 

Lehree,  or  Lehri,  the  most  consider- 
able town  of  Cutch-Gundava,  Beloochis- 
tan,  35  m.  N.E.  Bhag.     P.  6,000. 

Leia,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  near  the 
Indus,  57  m.  S.  Dera-Ismael-Khan.  P. 
15,000. 

Leieitz-,  a  market  town  of  N.  Hun- 
gary, CO.  Zips.     P.  2,423. 

Leicester,  a  manufacturing  town  of 
England,  cap.  co.,  on  the  Soar.  It  is 
pleas.mtly  situated  near  the  centre  of 
the  CO.,  is  generally  well  built  &  clean. 
Leicester  is  the  principal  sfeat  in  Engl, 
for  manufs.  of  woollen  &  other  hosiery, 
supposed  to  employ  upwards  of  25,000 

hands. II.   t.,    Worcester    co.   Mass. 

P.  1,707. in.  t.,  Livingston  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  2,142., 

Leicestershire,  an  inland  co.  of 
Engl.,  nearly  in  its  centre.  Area,  806 
sq.  m.  P.  234,938.  The  famous  "Stil- 
ton" cheese  is  principally  made  in  this 
CO.  Leicester  is  also  pre-eminently 
noted  for  its  breed  of  horses. 

Leigh,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl.,  co.  Lan- 
caster.    P.  22,229. 

Leighlin  Bridge,  a  mkt.  town  of  Irel., 
Leinster,  on  the  Barrow.     P.  1,748. 

Leighton-Bwzzard,  a  mkt.  town  of 
Engl.,  CO.  Beds,  near  the  Ouse. 

Leigh  Read,  E.  eo.  Fla.  Cap.  New 
Smyrna.     P.  73. 

Leilan,  a  vill.  of  Persia,  25  m.  S.E. 
Lake  Urumiyah. 

Leimbach,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, on  the  Wiipper.     P.  1,000. 

Lbimen,  a  walled  town  of  Baden,  4  m. 
S.  Heidelberg.     P.  1,493. 

Leimersheim,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Ba- 
varia, on  the  Rhine.     P.  2,050. 

Leine,  a  river  of  N.W.  Germany, 
130  m.  long. 

Leinster,  one  of  the  four  large  prov- 
inces of  Ireland,  on  its  E.  side.  Area, 
7,472  sq.  m.  P.  1,973,731.  The  S.  part 
only  of  this  prov.  formed  the  ancient 
Irish  kingdom  of  same  name,  &  the  N. 
part  the  kingdom  of  Meath. 

Leipheim,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Danube,  11  m.  E.  Ulm.     P.  1,426. 

Leipnik,  a  town  of  Moravia,  52  m. 
N.E.  Brunn.     P.  3,900.     • 

Leippa,  a  frontier  town  of  Bohemia, 
OTj  the  Polzen.     P.  5,761. 

Leipsic,  the  second  cap.  of  Saxony,  & 
the  largest  commercial  town  of  E.  Ger- 
many, cap.  circ,  on  the  White  Elster, 
18  m.  S.E.  Halle,  &  60  rii.  N.W.  Dresden. 
P.  54,519.  Its  universitjr,  founded  in 
1409,  ranks  as  one   of  the  first  in  Ger- 


len] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER; 


443 


many.  In  1844  it  was  attended  by  880 
students.  The  Augusteum  contains  a 
library  of  100,000  volumes.  Leipsio  is 
the  grand  emporium  of  the  book  trade 
of  Germany. 

Leiria,  a  city  of  Portugal,  on  the  Liz, 
73  m.  N.E.  Lisbon.     P.  2,500. 

Leisnig,  a  town  of  Saxony,  25  m.  S.E. 
Leipzig,  on  the  Mulde.     P.  4,800. 

Leith,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co. 
it  2  m.  N.E.  of  Edinburgh,  on  the  river 
Leith.  P.  30,676.  The  harbor  has  by 
successive  erections  been  extended  up- 
wards of  a  mile  into  the  firth. 

Leith  Hill,  an  elevated  tract  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Surrey. 

Leitmeritz,  a  fortified  town  of  Bohe- 
mia, on  the  Elbe,  34  m.  N.N.W".  Prague. 
P.  4,300. 

Leitomischel,  a  town  of  Bohemia. 
P.  6,395. 

Leitrim,  a  maritime  co,  of  Ireland, 
prov.  Connaught.  Area,  650  sq.  m.  P. 
111,808.  Surface  mostly  wild  &  rugged. 
Principal  lakes,  Allen,  Melvin,  &  Gill. 
Soil  poor,  except  in  the  vales. 

Leixlip,  a  mkt.  town  of  Irel.,  Lein- 
ster,  CO.  Kildare,  10  m.  "W".]Sr."W.  Dublin. 
P.  1,086. 

Leiza,  a  town  of  Spain,  Navarre,  17 
m.  N.W.  Pamplona.     P.  1,900. 

Lejjun  (El),  a  vill  cf  Palestine,  22 
m.  S.E.  Acre,  in  the  plain  of  Bsdraelon. 

Lekkehk,  &  Leksmond,  two  vills.  of 

the  Netherlands,  on  the  Leek. 1.  9  m. 

Et  Rotterdam.     P.   1,882. II.  10  m. 

N.N.E.  Gorcum.    P.  1,287. 

Lekno,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  35 
m.  S.W.  Bromberg.     P.  460. 

Lelesz,  a  town  of  N.E.  Hungary.  P. 
1,609.       , 

Le  Maire  Strait,  South  America,  is 
between  T-ierra-del-Fuego  &  Staten  isl. 
Br.  12  m. 

Lembach,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 'France, 
dep.  B.  Rhin,  30  m.  N.  Strasbourg.  P. 
1,961. 

Lembeck,  a  vill."  of  Belgium,  11  m. 
S.S.W.  Brussels.     P.  1,400. 

Lemberg,  a  city  of  Austrian  Poland, 
cap.  of  the  kingdom  of  Galicia  &"Lodo- 
meria,  on  the  Peltao,  185  m.  E.SE.  Cra- 
cow. P.  75,000.  The  university,  estab- 
lished 1784,  had,  in  1845,  1,400  students, 
&  a  library  of  48,000  vols. ;  the  literary 
institute,  with  a  library  of  58,000  vols., 
mostly  of  Sclavonic  history  &  literature, 
1,200"MSS.  &   15,000  medals,  &  a  large 

collection  of  paintings  &  prints. II.  a 

comm.   A  vill.  of  France,   dep.  Mo?eMe, 

with  1,900  inhabs. III.  a  vill.,  Rhcn. 

Bavaria.     P.  1,240. 


Lembeye,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Pyrenees,  16  m.  N.E.  Pau.  P. 
1,324. 

Lemgo,  a  town  of  the  principality  of 
Lippe-Detmold,  Central  Germany,  on  tho 
Bega,  6  m.  N.  Detmold.     P.  2,022. 

Lemington,  t.,  Essex  co.  Vt.     P.  124. 

Lemlum,  a  vill.  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on 
the  Euphrates,  62  m.  S.E.  the  ruins  of 
Babylon. 

Lemmer,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
on  the  Zuyder-Zee,  14  m.  S.  Sneek.  P. 
2,237. 

Lemnos,  isl.,  Greek  archipelago. 

Lemon,  t.,  Butler  co.  Ohio.     P.  2,052. 

Lempa,  a  river  of  Central  America, 
state  St.  Salvador,  enters  the  Pacific  0. 

Lempdes,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Puy-de-Dome,  5  m.  S.E. 
Clermont.     P.  r,935. 

Lemps  (Le  Grand),  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Isere,  20  m.  N.W.  Gre- 
noble.   P.  1,703. 

Lemsal,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Livo- 
nia, near  the  gulf  of  Riga.     P.  1,050. 

Lena,  one  of  the  principal  rivers  of 
Asia,  &  the  most  easterly  &  largest  of 
the  great  streams  of  Siberia.  L.  2,400  m. 
800  m.  from  the  ocean  it  is  a  noble  river, 
5  or  6  m.  in  width. 

Lenawee,  S.E.  co.  Mich.  Area,  735 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Adrian.     P.  26,372. 

Lencloitre,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  Prance,  dep.  Vienne,  16  m.  N.  Poitiers. 
P.  1,357. 

Lenczy,  a  town,  Poland,  80  m.  AV.S.W. 
Warsaw,  on  the  Bzura.     P.  3,370. 

Lendinara,  a  fortified  town  of  Aus- 
trian Italy,  gov.  Venice.     P!  5,500. 

Lengefeld,  a  town  of  Saxony,  14  m. 
S.E.  Chemnitz.  P.  3,995. — -Lengenfeld 
is  a  t.,  26  m.  S.W.  Chemnitz.      P.  2,425, 

Lengerich,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, 19  m.  N.N.E.  Munster.  P.  1,430. 
II.  a  vill.  of  Hanover. 

Lengsfeld,    two    towns    of    Central 

Germany. 1,  grand  diichv  Saxe-Wei- 

mar.     P.  2,239. II.  (or  Schenk-L.),  a 

market  town,  grand  duchj'  H.  Darmsta.it. 
P.  1,160. 

Lenk,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant.  Bern, 
22  m.  S.S.W.  Thun.     P.  2,240. 

Lenkeran,  a  town  of  Russia. 

Lennep,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
21  m.  E.S.E.  Diisseldorf,  on  the  Lennep. 
P.  4,910. 

Lennik  St.  Qubntin,  a  marke't  town 
of  Belgium,  9  m.  S.W.  Brussels.   P.  2,000. 

Lennox,  the  ancient  name  of  the  co. 
Dumbarton,  Scotland.— Lenno.r  hills  are 
a  range  extending  between  cos.  Dumbar- 
ton &  Stirling. 


444 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[tiQ 


Lennox  Town;  a  vill.,  co.  Stirling,  9 
m.  N.  G-Iasgow.    P.  2,821. 

Lend,  a  market  town  of  Lombardy, 
deleg.  &  12  m.  S.  Brescia,  near  the 
Mella.    P.  3,805. 

Lenoir,  S.B.  co.  N.  C.     Area,  390  sq. 

m.    Cap.  Kingston.    P.  7, 828. II.p-v., 

cap.  Caldwell  co.  N.  C,  on  the  Yadkin. 

Lenola,  a  vill..  Naples,  16  m.  N.N.W. 
Gaeta.     P.  2,160.' 

Lenox,  t.,  cap.  Berkshire   co.  Mass. 

P.  1,313. IL  p-t.,  Madison  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  7,507. 

Lens,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dcp. 
Pas-de-Calais,  9  m.  N.E.  Arras.  P.  2,768. 
Here,  in  1648,  the  Prince  of  Conde  gained 
a  signal  victory  over  the  Spanish  forces. 

II.  avill.of  Belginm,  prov.  Hainault, 

7  m.  N.N.W.  Mons.     P.  I78OO. III.  a 

vill.  of  Switzerland,  cante  Valais,  5  m. 
N.E.Sion.     P.  1,622. 

Lentini  (Lake  of),  Sicily. 

Lentini,  a  town  of  Sicily,  5  m.  S.S.W. 
Catania.    P.  5,100. 

Leny,  a  romantic  mountain  pass  of 
Scotland,  co.  Perth. 

Lenzburg,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Aargau,  cap.  dist.,  7  m.  E.  Aarau.  P. 
1,760. 

Lenzen,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
83  m.  N.W.  Potsdam.     P.  3,000. 

Lenzkirch  (Upper  &  Lower),  two 
vills.  of  W.  Germany,  Baden. 

Leo  (San),  a  small  town  of  Central 
Italy,  Pontifical  states.     P.  1,200. 

Leoben,  a  town  of  Austria,  Styria,  9 
m.  W.S.W.  Brlick,  on  the  Mur.  P.  2,000. 

Leobschutz,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sile- 
sia, 33  m.  S.W.  Oppeln.     P.  6,230. 

Leogane,  a  maritime  town  of  Hayti, 
on  its  W.  coast,  20  m.  W.  Port-au-Prince. 

Leominster,  a  town  of  England,  co.  & 
12  m.  N.N.W.  Hereford,  on  the  Lugg. 
II.  t.,  Worcester  co.  Mass.     P.  2,069. 

Leon,  an  old  prov.  &  formerly  a  king- 
dom, in  the  N.W.  of  Spain. II.  a  city 

of  Spain,  cap.  prov.,  on  the  Bernesga,  60 
m.  S.B.  Oviedo,  &  174  m.  N.N.W.  Mad- 
rid.    P.  5,720. III.  a  comm.  &  vill. 

of  France,  dep.  Landes.   P.  1,402. IV. 

a  city,  Central  America,  cap.  state  Nica- 
ragua, near  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the 
lake  of  Leon,  10  m.  from  the  Pacific  ocean. 
P.  25,000.  It  had  formerly  50,000  inhabs. 
V.  a  town  of  the  Mexican  confedera- 
tion, state  &  30  m.  W.N.W.  Guanaxuato- 

VI.  a  central  co.  of  Florida.     Area, 

1,824  sq.m.   Cap.  Tallahassee.   P.  11,442. 

VII.  CO.,  Texas.     P.  1,946. VIII. 

p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co.  N.  Y.  P.  1,340. 

IX.  a  river  of  Central  America,  enters 
the  Caribbean  sea.    L.  30  m. 


Leon  (Isla  de),  a  long,  narrow  island, 
S.  Spain,  prov.  Cadiz,  in  the  Atlantic. 
L.  N.  &  S.,  10  m.,  br.  about  2  m. 

Leon,  Managua  (Lake  of),  a  lake 
of  Central  America,  state  Nicaragua,  35 
m.  in  length,  by  15  m.  in  greatest  br'dth. 

Leon  (Nuevo,  or  New),  a  dep.  of  the 
Mexican  confederation.  Area,  21,000  sq. 
m.     P.  101,108. 

Leon  (St.),  numerous  comms.  &  vills. 
of  France. 

Leonard  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Vienne,  11  m.  E.  Limo- 
ges.    P.  3,808. II.  {des  Blois),  a  vill., 

dep.  &  on  the  Sarthe.     P.  1,810. III. 

a  vill.,  dep.  Loir-et-Cher,  17  m.  N.  Blois. 
P.  1,170. 

Leonard's  (St.),  watering-place  of 
England,  co.  Sussex.  P.  768.—St.  Leo- 
nard's Forest,  co.  Sussex,  occupies  about 
10,000  acres. 

Leonardstown,  p-v-,  cap.  St.  Mary's 
CO.  Md. 

Leonbkrg,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  8 
m.  W.N.W.  Stuttgart.     P.  2,200. 

Leondari,  a  town  of  Greece,  Morea. 

Leonessa,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Abruzzo-UIt.,  on  the  Corno.     P.  6,500. 

Leonfokxe,  a  town  of  Sicily,  intend. 
&  37  m.  W.N.W.  Catania.     P.  11,000. 

Leonhabd  (St.),  sevl.  small  towns  of 
Germany,  &c. 

Leoni,    p-t.,    Jackson  co.   Mich.      P. 

1,067. II.  a  town   of  Naples,  prov. 

Principato-Ult.,  4  m.  S.  St.  Angelo.     P. 
4,000. 

Leopoldova,  &  Leopoldau,  two  villa, 
of  the  Austrian  empire. 1.  S.  Hun- 
gary, Banat,  near  the  Danube,  with  2,257 

inhabs. II.  Lower  Austria,  5  m.  N.N.E. 

Vienna. 

Leopoldstadt,  a  strongly  fortified- 
town  of  Central  Hungary,  90  m.  N.W. 
Pesth,  on  the  Waag.     P.  1,700. 

Leovo,  a  town  of  S.  Russia,  on  the 
Pruth,  50  m.  S.W.  Kishenev.     P.  2,000. 

Lepanto,  a  seaport  town  of  Greece, 
W.  Hellas,  12  m.  N.E.  Patras.    P.  2,000. 

Lepanto  (Strait  of),  the  entrance  to 
the  gulf  of  Corinth,  Greece. 

Lepe,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
&  11  m.  W.  Huelva,  near  the  Atlantic. 
P.  3,024. 

Lepei.  (New  &  Old),   two  towns   of 

Ru^;sian   Poland. 1,  cap.  circ,  62  m. 

W.S.W.  Vitebsk,  with  2,700  inhabs.— r- 
II.  about  3  m.  N.W.  New  Lepel. 

Lepers'  Isle,  one  of  the  New  Heb- 
rides, Pacific  ocean. 

Lepton,  a  tnshp.,  England,  co.  York, 
W.  Riding.     P.  3,875. 

Lequeitio,   a  marit.  town  of  Spain, 


leu] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


445 


prov.  Biscay,  17  m.  E.N.E.  Bilbao,  on  the 
bay  of  Biscay.     P.  2,335. 

Le  Ray.  t.,  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
3,654. 

Lerici,  a  marit.  town  of  Sardinia,  on 
the  gulf  of  Spezzia,  5  m.  B.S.E.  Spezzia. 
P.  5,217. 

Lehida,  a  fortified  town  of  Spain,  cap. 
prov.  Lerida,  on  the  Segre,  82  m.  W.  Bar- 
celona.    P.  16,634. 

Lerin,  a  town  of  Spain,  34  m.  S.S.W. 
Pamplona.    P.  2,398. 

Lerins  (Isles),  a  group  of  islands  in 
the  Mediterranean,  belonging  to  France, 
dep.  Var. 

Lerma,  a  town  of  Spain,  23  m.  S.  Bur- 
gos,    P.  1,395. 

Lero,  a  small  island  of  the  G-recian 
archipelago,  off  the  coast  of  Asia- Minor, 
35  m.  S.  Samos.  L.  6  m.,  gr.  br.,  4  m. 
P.  2,000. 

Le  Roy,  p-t.,  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  P.  3,472. 

Lerwick,  the  chief  town  of  the  Shet- 
land islands,  Mainland,  on  Bressay  sound, 
21  m.  N.N.E.  Sumburgh  Head.    P.  2,287. 

Lesaca,  a  town  of  Spain,  28  m.  N. 
Pamplona.     P.  2,180. 

Lesbos,  island,  Grecian  archip.  [Mi- 
tylene.] 

L  ESC  AH,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Pyrenees,  4  m.  N.W.  Pau.  P. 
1,796. 

Leschenault  (Port),  a  marit.  settle- 
ment &  ink't  of  W.  Australia. 

Leschnitz,  a  small.town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  21  m.  S.S.E.  Oppeln.     P.  1,290. 

Lescure,    two    comms.    &    vills.    of 

France. 1,  dep.  Tarn,  2  m.  N.E.  Albi. 

P.  2.070. II.  dep.Ari^ge,  Sm.B.N.E. 

St.  Girons.    P.  1,776. 

Lesignano  di  Bagni,  a  vill.  of  Italy, 
14  m.  S.W.  Parma,  celeb,  for  its  mineral 
springs. 

Lesina,  an  island  of  Dalamatia,  23  m. 
S.E.  Spalatro,  in  the  Adriatic.  L.  40  m., 
br.   2  to  6  m.     P.  12,539.     Chief  town 

Lesina.     P.  2,000. II.   a  town  of  S. 

Italy,  Naples,  29  m.  N.W.  Foggia. 

Leslie,  a  bor.  of  barony  of  Seotl.,  co. 
Fife.     P.  3,635. 

Lesneven,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Finistere,  cap.  cant.,  16  m.  N.N.E. 
Brest.    P.  2,734. 

Lesno,  a  town  of  Lombardy  &  Venice. 
11  m.  S.  Brescia.     P.  3,400. 

Lesparre,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gironde,  37  m.  N.W.  Bordeaux.  P. 
1,404. 

Lessa,  a  seaport  vill.  of  Portugal,  4 
m.  N.  Oporto. 

Lbssay,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Manche.     P.  1  750. 


Lessen,  a  town  of  W.  Prussia.  P. 
1,670. II.  a  vill.  of  the  duchy  Bruns- 
wick.    P.  4,062. 

Lessines,  a  t.  of  Belgium,  cap.  cant., 
on  the  Dender,  19  m.  N.N.W.  Mons.  P. 
4,971. 

Lessnoi-Kahamush,  a  vill.  of  Russia, 
50  m.  S.S.W.  Saratov.     P.  2,760. 

Lessoe,  or  Lasoe,  an  isl.  of  Denmark, 
in  the  Kattegat,  12  m.  E.  the  N.  part  of 
Jutland.     Area,  42  sq.  m.     P.  2,400. 

Lestehps,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Charente,  5  m.  E.N.E.  Confolens. 
P.  1,426. 

Letcher,  E.  co.  Ky.  Area,  200  sq.  m. 
P.  2,512.     Cap.  Letcher  c.  h. 

Leti,  a  marshy  island  of  Bulgaria. 
L.  42  m.,  br.  20  m. 

Letitshev,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
gov.  Podolia,  cap.  circ,  on  the  Bug.  P. 
2,325. 

Le-to,  an  island  belonging  to  China, 
in  the  Yellow  sea. 

Lettee,  a  small  island  of  the  Malay 
archipelago. 

Lettere,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Naples.     P.  4,000. 

Letterkenny,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
Ulster,  CO.  Donegal,  on  the  Swilly.  P. 
2,161. II.  t.,  Franklin  co.  Pa. 

Letur,  a  town  of  Spain,  30  m.  N.  Ca- 
ravaca.     P.  2,970. 

Leuca  (Capo  di),  the  most  S.E.  ex- 
tremity of  Italy,  Naples,  25  m.  S.W. 
Otranto. 

Leucate,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  S.France, 
dep.  Aude,  18  m.  S.  Narbonne. 

Leu  (St.),  a  town  &  quarter  of  the 
island  Bourbon,  on  its  W.  coast,  10  m.  S. 

St.  Paul. II.  {Taverny),  a  vill.  of 

France,  dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  8  m.  E.S.E. 

Pontoise.  P.  1,182. III.  (d'Esserent), 

a  market  town,  dep.  &  on  the  Oise. 

Leuctra,  the  ancient  name  of  several 
small  vills.  of  Greece,  that  near  which 
the  Thebans,  under  Epaminondas,  de- 
feated the  Spartans,  B.C.  371,  being  in 
Boeotia,  7  m.  S.W.  Thebes,  &  now  called 
Lefka. 

Leuk,  a  vill.  &  celebrated  bathing- 
place  of  Switzerland,  cant.  Valais,  on  the 
Rhone,  15  m.  E.N.E.  Sion,  &  5,000  ft. 
above  the  sea. 

Leutenberg  &  Leutershausen,  two 

towns  of  Central  Germany. 1.  12  m. 

S.S.E.    Rudolstadt. II.    Bavairia,     7 

miles  W.N.W.  Anspach,  with  1,422  in- 
habs. 

Leuthen,  several  vills.  of  Germany. 

Leutkirch,  a  town  of  Wtirtemberg, 
40  m.  S.  Ulm.     P.  2,000. 

Leutschau,    a    royal   free    town  of 


te 


446 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHV. 


[ley 


North  Hungary,  123  m.  N.E.  Pesth.  P. 
5,500. 

"  Leuze,  a  town  of  Belgium,  17  m.  N.W. 
Mens.     P.  5,880. 

Levanso,  an  island  in  the  Mediterr., 
off  the  W.  coast  of  Sicily. 

Levant,   t.,    Penobscot  co.   Me.      P. 

1,061. ^11.  a  town  of  Tuscany,  26  m. 

S.E.  riorenoe,    on  the  Arno.     P.  2,000. 

III.   a  name  applied  in  the  middle 

ages  to  that  quarter  of  the  Mediterranean 
E.  of  Cape  Matapan,  now  generally  ap- 
plied to  the  coasts  of  Asia- Minor,  Syria, 
Ac. 

■  Levante,  the  most  IE.  prov.  of  Sar- 
dinia.   Area,  450  sq.  m.     P.  73,139. 

Levantine  (Val),  a  valley  of  Switz- 
erland. 

Levanto,  a  'marit.  town  of  Sardinia, 
on  a  small  bay  of  the  Mediterranean, 
18  m.  N.N.W.  Spezzia.     P.  4,596. 

Leven,  several  small  rivers  of  Britain. 

II.  a  bor.  of  barony  of  Scotland,  co. 

Fife,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Leven. — Loch 
Leven  is  in  co.  &  immediately  E.  Kinross. 
Circuit  about  11m. 

Levenshulme,  a  township  of  England, 
CO.  Lancaster. 

Levento,  a  vill.  of  Sardinia,  prov.  & 
11  m.  N.  Nice,  with  1.500  inhabs. 

Leverano,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Otranto  Lecce.     P.  2,000. 

Levico,  a  market-town  of  the  Tyrol, 
circ.  &  10  m.  S.E.  Trient.     P.  3,517. 

Levier,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Doubs,  11  m.  W.F.W.  Pon- 
tarlier.     P.  1,430. 

LEVitiNAc,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Lot-et-Garonne.     P.  1.586. 

Levizzano  &  Levorano,  two  market 

towns  of  Italy. 1.  17  m.  S.W.  Modena. 

P.  2,200. II.    Naples,    11    m.   S.W. 

Leece.     P.  1,800. 

Levroux,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Indre,  cap.  cant.,  13  m.  N.  Chateau- 
roux.     P.  2,608. 

Lewenz,  a  marltet  town  of  W.  Hun- 
gary, circ.  &  4  m.  S.E.  Bars.     P.  4,600. 

Lewes,  a  town  of  England,  co.  Sussex, 
on  the  navigable  Ouse.     P.  9,199. 
.  Lewis,  N.  co.  N.  Y.  Area,  1,122  sq.  m. 

Cap.   Martinsburg.      P.  24,564. II. 

N.W.  CO.  Va.     Area,  1,600  sq.  m.     Cap. 

Weston.     P.  10,031.-^ III.  N.  co    Ky. 

Area,  375  sq.  m.     Cap.  Clarksburg.     P. 

7,202. IV.  N.E.  CO.  Mo.     Area,  500 

sq.  m.     Cap.  Waterloo.     P.  6,5f8. 

V.  CO.,  Oregon  terr    P.  558. VI.  p-t., 

Esses  CO.  N.  Y.     P.  2,058. VIL  t.. 

Brown   co.   0.     P.   2,437. VIII.  co., 

Tenn.     P.  4,438. 

Lewis  (with  Hahris),  the  most  N-  & 


largest  island  of  the  Outer  Hebrides, 
separated  from  the  mainland  by  tha 
Minch,  a  sea  30  m.  across.  L.  60  m. ;  gr. 
br.  30  m.     P.  17,037. 

Lewis  &  Rehoboth,  hund.,  Sussex  co. 
Del.     P.  1,850. 

Lewisborough,  p-t.,  Westchester  co. 
N.  Y.     P.  1,609. 

Lewisbueg,  p-b.,  Union  co.  Pa.     P.  1,- 

220. II.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Greenbrier  co.Va. 

P.  1,000. III.  p-v.,  cap.  Marshall  co. 

Tenn. IV.  p-v.,  cap.  Conway  co.  Ark. 

Lewis  Island,  Dampier  archipelago, 
off  the  N.W.- coast  of  Australia. 

Lewis,  or  Great  Snake  River,  Ore- 
gon territ.,  joins  the  Columbia  river,  200 
m.  from  the  Pacific  ocean. 

Lewiston,  p-t.,  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.,  297 
m.  from  Albany.     P.  2,924. 

Lewistown,  t.,  Lincoln  co.    Me.     P. 

1,80L II.  p-b.,  cap.  of  Mifflin  co.  Pa., 

57  m.  from  Harrisburg.  P.  2,058. III. 

p-v.,  cap.  Fulton  co.  111. 

Lewisville,  cap.  La  Fayette,  Ark. 

Lexington,  W.  dist.  S.  C.  Area,  900 
sq.  m.     P.  12,930.     Lexington'  c.  h  ,  the 

cap.,  is  12  m.  from  Columbia. II.  t., 

Somerset  co.  Me.  P.  564. III.  t.,  Mid- 
dlesex CO.  Mass.  The  scene  of  the  first 
bloodshed   of  the  American   revolution. 

P.  1,642. IV.  p-t.,  Greene  co.  N.  Y.  P. 

2,263. V.  p-v.,  cap.  Roxbridge  co.  Va. 

146  m.  W.  Richmond.  Virginia  military 
institute  is  located  here  ;  also  Washing- 
ton coll. VI.  p-v.,  cap.  Davidson  co. 

N.  G. VII.  p-v.,  cap. Oglethorpe  co.  Ga. 

P.  300. VIII.  p-v.,  cap.  Holmes  co. 

Miss. IX.   p-v.   cap.   Henderson    co. 

Tenn. X.  city  &  cap.  Fayette  co.  Ky. 

P.  9,180.  It  is  the  oldest  town  in  tlie 
state.  _  Transylvania  University  is  here. 
The  city  is  an  elegant  place  of  residence. 

XI.  p-v.,  cap.  of  Scott  CO.  la.    P.  250. 

XII.  p-v.,  cap.  of  La  Fayette  co.  Mo. 

Leyden,  a  city  of  the  Netherlands, 
cap.  cant.,  22  m.  S.W.  Amsterdam,  &  17 
-m.  N.  Rotterdam,  6  m.  from  its  mouth, 
in,  the  N.  sea.  P.  38,500.  The  university, 
founded  1575,  one  of  the  most  distin- 
guished schools  of  learning  in  Europe, 

had,    in    1847,    439   students. II.   t., 

Franklin  co.  Mass.     P.  623. III.  p-t., 

Lewis  CO.  N.  Y.     P.  2,253. 

Leyni,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  9  m.  N.E. 
Turin.    "P.  3,090. 

LfiYTE,  an  isl.  of  the  Malay  archipela- 
go, Philippines,  immediately  S.S.W.  Sa- 
mar.  L.  130  m  ;  av.  br.  35  ,m.  P. 
92,175. 

Leytha,  a  river  of  the  Austrian  em- 
pire," forms  a  part  of  the  boundary  be- 
tween Austria  &  Hungary.     L.  90  m. 


lid] 


UNIVERSAL    G  AZETTEER. 


447 


Lez,  a-  river  of  France,  dep.  Herault. 
L.  20  m. 

Lezardrieux,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Cutes-du-Nord,  16  m.  E.N.E. 
Lannion.     P.  2,130. 

Lezat,  &  Lezay,  two  comms.  &  small 
towns  of  France. 

Lezaysk,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia,  on  1.  b.  of  the  San.     P.  3,300. 

Lezignan,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aude,  cap.  cant.,  13  m.  W.  Narbonne. 
P.  2,253. 

Lezoux,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Puy-de-Dume,  15  m.  E.N.E.  Cler- 
mont.    P.  1,054. 

Lezuza,  a  town  of  Spain,  22  m.  W. 
Albacete.     P.  2,451. 

Lgow,  a  town  of  Kussia,  36  m.  W. 
Koursk,  on  the  Sem.     P.  2,000. 

L'Hassa,  the  cap.  city  of  Tibet.  [Las- 

SA.] 

Lhonaur,  a  town  of  India,  42  m. 
E  N.E.  Jaulna. 

Liamone,  a  river  of  Corsica.  Length, 
21  m. 

LiANcouRT,  a  comm.  &  town«f  France, 
dep.  Oise,  5  m.  S.S.E.  Clermont.  P. 
1.364. 

LiANG-TCHOU,  &  LiAN-TcHou,  2  cities 

of  China,  caps,  of  deps. 1,  near  the 

Great  Wall. II.  240  m.  S.W.  Canton. 

LiBAU,  a  seaport  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Ctiurland,  on  the  Baltic.     P.  5,000. 

Liberia,  an  independent  Negro  re- 
pul)lic  of  W.  Africa,  established  1823,  ex- 
tends along  the  coast  of  Guinea,  between 
Sierra  Leone  &  Cape  Mensurado  for  320 
m.,  with  an  average  breadth  of  80  m.  P. 
80,000  colored  persons,  of  whom  10,000 
are  free  blacks  from  the  U.  States,  &  the 
remainder  aborigines,  or  captives  releas- 
ed from  slavers.  The  country  has  been 
all  purchased  from  time  to  time  by  the 
American  Colonization  Society. 

Liberty,  S.E.  co.  Ga.  Area,  660  sq. 
m.     Cap.  Riceboro'.     P.  7,926.— II.  co. 

Texas.  P.  2,522. III.  p-t.,  Sullivan  co. 

N.  Y.    P,  2,612. IV.  p-t.,   Tioga  co. 

Pa.    P.  1,128. V.  t.,  Columbia  co.  Pa. 

P.  1,328.— VI.  p-v.,  cap.  Bedford  co. 
Va.      P.  400.— VII.  p-v.,   cap.  Casey 

CO.  Ky. VIII.  t.,  Adams  co.  Ohio.     P. 

1,498. IX.  t.,  Butler  co.  0.     P.  1,479. 

X.  t.,  Clinton  co.  0.  P.  1,049. XI. 

t ,  Crawford  co.  0.     P.  1.469. XII.  t.. 

Highland  co.  0.     P.  3,521. XIII.  t., 

Knox  CO.  0.  P.  1,205. XIV.  t.,  Lick- 
ing CO.  0.     P.  1,115. XV.  t.,   Seneca 

CO.  Ohio.     P.   1,084. XVI.   p-v.,  cap. 

Union  co.  la.  P.  500. XVII.  t.,  Henry 

CO.  la.    P.  1,813. XVIII.  p-v.,  cap. 

Clay  CO.  Mo. XIX.  p-v.,  cap.   Amite 


CO.  Miss. XX.  t.,  Macon  co.  Mo.     P. 

1,107. XXI.   t,  Marion  co.  Mo.     P. 

2,159. 

LiBETHEN,  a  free  town  of  Hungary,  co. 
Sohl,  14  m.  E.  Neusohl.     P.  1,400. 

LiBOKOVo,  a  town  of  Europ.  Turkey, 
Albania. — Libochowitz  is  a  small  town  of 
Bohemia,  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Eger. 

LiBOURNE,  a  town  &  river-port  of 
France,  dep.  Gironde,  on  r.  bank  of  the 
Dordogne,  17  miles  E.N.E.  Bordeaux. 
P.  8,850. 

Libyan  Desert,  a  wide  region  of  N. 
Africa,  including  parts  of  Egypt,  Tripoli, 
&  Barea. 

LicATA,  a  town  of  Sicily. 

LicH,  a  town  of  Central  Germany,  on 
the  Wetter,  8  miles  S.E.  Giessen.  P. 
2,357. 

Lichfield,  a  city  &  county  of  itself, 
England,  co.  Stafford,  110  m.  N.N.W. 
London. '  P.  17,857. 

LicHTENAiT,    several    small  towns  of 

Germany. 1.  Prussian  Westphalia.  P. 

1,525. II.  H.-Cassel,  on  the  Losse,  12 

m.  S.E.  Cassel.     P.  1,476. III.  grand 

duchy  Baden,  26  m.  S.W.  Carlsruhe.     P. 
1,300. 

Lichtenberg,  a  principality  of  the 
Prussian  States. 

Lich'jenberg,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
B.  Rhin,  14  m.N.N.E.  Saverno.  P.  1,010. 

LiCHTENFBLS,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Main.     P.  2,105. 

LicHTENSTEiN,  a  town  of  Saxony,  14 
m.  W.S.W.  Chemnitz.     P.  3,218. 

LicHTENvooRDB,  a  vill.  of  the  Nether- 
lands, 5  m.  S.W.  Groenlo.     P.  3,657. 

LicHTEKVELDE,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
Belgium,  prov.  W- Flanders,  13  m.W.S.W. 
Bruges.     P.  5,660. 

LicHviJsr,  a  town  of  Russia. 

Lick,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  on  the 
lake  of  Lick.     P.  3,397. 

Licking,  r.,  Ky.,  branch  of  the  0.  L. 
180.  m. II.  r.,  0.,  br.  of  the  Musk- 
ingum.  -III.  S.E.  CO.   0.    Area,  666 

sq.  m.    Cap.  Newark.    P.  38,846. IV. 

t.,  Licking  co.  0.   P.  1,215. 

LicoRDiA,  a  town  of  Sicily,  7  m.  S.E. 

Calatagirone.     P.  7;000. ^11.   a  vill., 

on  a  height.     P.  1,000. 

Licosa'(.Punta  di),  a  cape  of  Naples, 
prov.  princip.  Citra,  forming  the  S.  limit 
of  the  gulf  of  Salerno. 

LiCQCES,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Pas-de-Calais,  15  m.  E.N.E. 
Boulogne.     P.  1,576. 

LiDA,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  70  m. 
E.N.E.  Grodno.     P.  2,000. 

LiDDEL,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  Rox- 
burgh. 


448 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[lil 


LidkQping,  a  town  of  Central  Sweden, 
P.  1,900. 

LiDNEY,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  &  I6i  m.  "VV.S.W.  Gloucester,  on  a 
bank  of  the  Severn.     P.  1,885. 

Lido,  a  chain  of  sandy  isls.,  Austrian 
Italy 

LiEBAU,    a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia. 

P.  1.930. II.  a  town  of  Moravia,  18 

in.  N.E.  Prerau.     P.  3,260. 

LiESEMUHL,  a  small  town,  E.  Prussia, 
72  m.  S.S.W.  Konigsberg.     P.  L300. 

LiEBENAU,  several  small  towns  of  Ger- 
many.  1.  Bohemia.    P.  2,282. II. 

33  m.  N.W.  Hanover,  on  the  Weser.     P. 
-1,966. 

LiEBENTHAL,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sile- 
sia, 30  m.  S.W.  Liegnitz.     P.  1,540. 

LiEBENWALDE,  a  town  of  Prussia,  37 
m.  N.N.E.  Potsdam.     P.  2,375. 

LiEBENWEEDA,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  60  m.  E.N.E.  Merseburg.  P. 
2,100. 

LiEBENZELL,  a  town,  Germany,  "WUr- 
temberg,  20  m.  W.  Stuttgart,  with  1,052 
inhabs. 

LiEBEKOSE,  a  town  of  Prussia,  33  m. 
S.S.W.  FrankfiJrt.     P.  1,500. 

LiEBERTVOLKwiTZ,  a  market  town  of 
Saxony,  SJ  m.  S.E.  Leipzig.     P.  1,232. 
\    LiEBSTADT,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  54 
m.  S.S.W.  Konigsberg.     P.  1,740. 

Liechtenstein  (Peincipalitv  of),  a 
email  independent  state  of  S.  Germany, 
inclosed  between  the  Austrian  prov.  Tyrol, 
&  the  Swiss  cant,  of  St.  Gall.  Area,  53 
sq.  m.  P.  6,351.  The  cap.  Vadutz  is  a 
town,  40  miles  S.S.E.  Constance.  P. 
1,700. 

Liedolsheim,  a  vill.  of  Baden,  10  m. 
N.  Carlsruhe.     P.  1,813. 

Liege,  a  city  of  Belgium,  cap.  prov., 
on  the  Maese,  54  m.  E.S.E.  Brussels.  P. 
77,587.  Liege  has  been  called  the  "  Bir- 
mingham of  the  low  countries  ;"  the  coal 
mines  in  its  vicinity  occupy  upwards  of 
10,000  miners.  It  has  long  been  celeb,  for 
its  manufs.  of  arms.  The  prov.  of  Liege 
is  hilly  in  the  S.,  where  it  comprises  part 
of  the  Ardennes  Forest.  Area,  1,111  sn. 
m.     P.  438,077. 

Liegnitz,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
on  L  b.  of  the  Katzbach,  40  m.  W.N.W. 
Breslau.    P.  13,980. 

LiEMPDE,  a  comm.  &  vill.,  Netherlands. 
P.  1,277. 

LiENz.  a  town  of  the  Tyrol,  on  the 
Drave.    P.  3,000. 

LiEou-TCHOu,  a  city,  China,  cap.  dep., 
on  a  navigable  river. — Lieou  is  a  prefixed 
name  of  various  Chinese  towns. 

LiEPVBE,  a  comm.  <fc  vill.  of  France, 


dep.  Haut-Rhin,  14  m.  N.W.  Colmar.  P. 
1,449. 

LiERRE,  a  town  of  Belgium,  10  m.  S.E. 
Antwerp.     P.  13,875. 

LiEsTHAL,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  8  m. 
S.E.  Basle.     P.  2,200. 

LiETOE,  a  town,  Spain,  on  the  Mundo, 
63  m.  N.W.  Murcia.     P.  2,451. 

LiEUREY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Eure,  8  m.  S.  Pont-Audemer.  P. 
2,711. 

LiEUviN,  an  old  div.,  Normandy,  cap. 
Lisieux. 

LiFFEY,  a  river  of  Ireland,  Leinster. 
L.  50  m. 

LiFFRB,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
lUe-et-Vilaine,  11m.  N.E.  Rennes.  P. 
2,549. 

LiGNE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Loire  Inf.,  cap.  cant ,  16  m.  N.E.  Nantes. 
P.  2,000. — Li^ne  is  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  4 
m.  W.  Ath. 

LiGNEREs-LA-DoucELLE,  a  comm.  & 
vill.  of  France,  dep.  &  25  m.  N.W.  May- 
enne.     P.  2,891. 

LiGNiEREs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Cher,  25  m.  S.W.  Bourges.   P.  2,281. 

LiGNOL,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Morbihan,  14  m.  W.  Pontivy.     P.  1,780. 

LiGNY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Meuse,  10  m.  S.E.  Bar-le-Duc.     P.  3,246. 

II.  (le  Chatel),  a  comm.  &  town,  dep. 

Yonne,  11  m.  N.E.  Auxerre.     P.  1,488. 

III.  a  vill.,  Belgium,  14  m.  W.N.W. 

Namur.  celebrated  for  a  combat  between 
the  Prussians  &  French,  16th  June,  1815, 
two  days  before  the  action  of  Waterloo. 

LiGONiER,  p-t.,  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 
P.  2,204. 

LiGOR,  a  fortified  town  of  Lower  Siam, 
on  the  E.  side  of  the  Malay  peninsula. 

LiGuEiL,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Indre-et-Loire,  25  m.  S.  ^ours.  P. 
1,767. 

LiHONs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Somme,  11  m.  W.S.W.  Peronne.  P. 
1,248. 

LiiM-  (or  Lym-)  Fiord,  an  inlet  of  the 
Kattegat,  Denmark,  stretches,  far  into  N. 
Jutland. 

LiKA,  a  river  of  Austrian  Croatia.  L. 
30  m. 

LiKHviN,  a  town  of  Russia,  30  m.  S. 
Kaluga,  on  the  Oka.     P.  2,500. 

Li-KiANG,  a  city  of  China,  cap.  dep. 

LiLENFiELD,  a  vill.  of  Lower  Austria, 
37  m.  W.S.W.  Vienna. 

Lille,  or  Lisle,  a  comm.  &  strongly 
fortified  &  manufacturing  city  of  France, 
cap.  dep.  Nord,  26  m.  N.N.E.  Arras.  P. 
67,758.  It  is  entered  by  seven  gates. 
Lille  derives  high  importance  from  being 


lin] 


UNIYERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


449 


one  of  the  chief  seats  of  tbe  French  thread 
&  cotton  manufs. 

LiLLEBONNE,  a  comm.'&  town,  France, 
dep.  Seine  Inf.,  19  m.  E.  Havre.   P.  4,310. 

LiLLEES,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Pas-de-Calais,  7  m.  N.W.  Bethune. 
P.  3,506. 

LiLLO,  a  town  of  Spain,  37  m.  E.S.B. 
Toledo.     P.  2,183. 

Lima,  the  metropolitan  dep.  of  N.  Peru, 
extending  along  the  coast,  S.-ward  of  lat. 
10°  30'  S.,  &  bounded  landward  by  the. 

Andes.    Estim.  area,  38,000  sq.  m: II. 

the  cap.  city  of  Peru,  in  a  fine  valley, 
about  6  m.  from  its  port  Callao,  on  the 
Pacific,  &  connected  with  it  by  a  noble 
road.  Lat.  12°  2'  55"  S.,  Ion.  77°  5'  30" 
W.  P.  54,098,  including  suburbs.  Its 
numerous  domes  &  spires  give  it  a  mag- 
nificent appearance,  &  it  is  regularly  laid 
out.  Through  most  of  the  streets  flows 
a  stream.  Houses  flat-roofed,  built  of 
sun-dried  bricks,  around  court-yards,  & 
seldom  of  more  than  one  story.  It  was 
long  the  grand  commercial  entrepot  for 
all  the  W.  coast  of  S.  America,  &  it  still 

has  a  large  trade. III.  a  riv.  of  Spain 

&  Portugal.    L.  90  m.,  enters  the  Atlantic. 

IV.  p-t.,    Livingston  co.  N.  Y.      P. 

2,433. V.  p-v,  cap.  Allen   co.   Ohio 

VI.  p-v.  cap.  La  Grange  co.  la.    P. 

500. 

LiMAcAPAN,  a  small  island  of  E. 
archipelago,  N.E.  Palawan. 

LiMAGNE,  an  old  subdivision  of 
France. 

LiMALONGEs,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Deux  Sevres,  16  m.  E.S.E. 
Melle.     P.  1,426. 

LiMAEi,  a  river  of  Chile,  dep.  Coquim- 
bo,  enters  the  Pacific  0.     L.  100  m. 

LiMAsoL,  a  seaport  town  of  the  island 
Cyprus,  on  its  S.  coast. 

LiMATOLA.  a  town  of  Naples,  5  m. 
N.E.  Caserta.     P.  1,500. 

LiMAY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Seine, 
3  m.  E.N.E.  Mantes.     P.  1,500. 

LiMBACH,  a  vill.  of  Saxony,  7  m.N.W. 
Chemnitz.     P.  2,681. 

LiMBOURG,  an  old  prov.  of  the  Neth- 
erlands. 

LiMBOURG,  a  province  of  Belgium. 
Aren,  929  sq.  m.  P.  185,913.  Surface 
level.  The  Mouse  forms  its  E.  bounda- 
ry.  II.  a  town  of  Belgium,  16  m.  E. 

Liege.     P.  1,797. 

LiMBOURG  (Duchy  of),  a  prov.  of  the 
Netherlands,  having  E.  Rhenish  Prussia. 
Area,  852  sq.  m.  P.  202,942.  Surface 
level,  consisting  of  the  valley  of  the 
Macs©. 


LiMBRA,  a  town  of  British  India,  22 
m.  N.E.  Poonah. 

LiMBUHG,  a  walled  town  of  Germany, 
duchy  Nassau,   on  the  Lahn.     P.  3,146. 

il.  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia, 

22  m.  "W.S.W.  Arnsberg.     P.  2,300. 

LiMEHAY,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Indre-et-Loire.     P.  1,129. 

Limerick,  an  inland  co.  of  Ireland, 
prov.  Munster,  having  N.  the  Shannon, 
Area,  1,054  sq.m.  P.  201,619.  Surface 
on  the  E.,  S.,  &  W.  border,  mountainous. 
In  the  centre  &  N.  flat. 

Limerick,  the  principal  city  of  W. 
Irel ,  rivet  port,  &  co.  of  itself,  &  cap.  co. 
Limerick,  on  an  island  in  the  Shannon, 
&  on  both  banks  of  that  river ;  50  m. 
from  the  Atlantic,  &  25  m.  N.N.W.  Tip- 
perary.  P.  55,268.  Customs'  duties 
(1846)  218,807Z.  Ships  of  500  tons  unload 
at  the  quaj's,  &  those  of  1,000  tons   ap- 

jDroaoh  within  5  m.  of  the  city. II.  t.; 

York,  CO.  Me. III.  t.,  Montgomery  co. 

Pa.    P.  1,786. 

Limestone,  N.  co.  Ala.  Area,  575 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Athens.     P.  16,483. 

LiMiNGTON,  t.,  York  CO.  Me.  P. 
2,210. 

LiMMAT,  a  river  of  Switzerland.  L. 
IBm. 

LiMOEiRO,  a  town  of  Brazil,  70  m. 
N.W.  Pernambueo.     P.  10,000. 

Limoges,  comm.  &  city  of  France,  cap. 
dep..  Haute  Vienne,  on  r.  b.  of  tbe  Vi- 
enne,  110  m.  N.E.  Bordeaux.  P.  26,924. 
It  is  the  seat  of  a  national  college,  uni- 
versity academy,  societies  of  agriculture, 
arts  &  sciences,  &  a  school  of  commerce. 

Limone,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  16  m.  S. 

Coni.     P.  3,436. II.  a  vill.  of  Austrian 

Italy,  32  m.  N.E.  Brescia. 

LiMOSANi,  a  mkt.  town  of  Naples.  P. 
2,900. 

Limousin,  an  old  prov.  of  Central 
France. 

LiMOux,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aude,  on  the  Aude.     P.  7,270. 

LiMREE,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan,  Gu- 
jerat  peninsula,  9  m.  S.S.E.  Wadwan. 

LiN,  a  town  of  China,  30  m.  W. 
Tchang-te. — Lin-an  is  the  name  of  caps, 
of  dists.  in  provs.  Che-kiang  &  Yun-nan. 

Linares,  a  town  of  Spain,  23  m.  N.E. 

Jaen.    P.   6,567. II.   a  town   of  the 

Mexican  confederation,  state  Nueyo 
Leon,  55  m.  E.  Monterey. 

Lincoln,  a  city  &  co.  of  itself,  Engl., 
cap.  CO.  Lincolnshire,  on  tbe  Witham,  47 
m.  E.N.E.  Derby.  P.  42,061.  It  is  situ- 
ated in  a  fine  dist.,  at  the  foot  &  on  the 
slope  of  a  hill,  crowned  by  its  cathedral, 
castle,  &o. 


45G 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[iro 


Lincoln^  S.  co.  Me.  Area,  950  sq.  m. 
Caps.  Wisoasset,  Topsham  &  Warren.    P. 

74,875. II.  W.  CO.  N.  C.    Area,  1,200 

sq.   m.     P.  7,746. — Lincolnton  the  cap. 

is  172  in.  from  Raleigh. III.  N.E.  co. 

Ga.  Area,  220  sq.  m.  P.  5,998.— im- 
colnton  the  cap.  is  98  m.  from  Milledge- 

ville. IV.  S.  CO.  Tenn.     Area,  650  sq. 

m.    Cap.  Fayetteville.     P.  23,492. -V. 

E.  CO.  Ky.  Area,  432  sq.  m.  Cap.  Stan- 
ford. P.  10,093.- — VI.  E.  CO.  Mo. 
Area,  576  sq.  m.     Cap.  Troy.     P.  9,421. 

VII.    t.,    Penobscot    co.    Me.       P. 

1,121. 

Lincolnshire,  a  large  marit.  co.  of 
England,  extending  along  its  E.  coast 
from  the  Wash  to  the  Humber.  Area, 
2,611  sq.  m.  P.  400,266.-1.  the  wolds, 
alow  range  of  hills  in  the  N.E. ;  2.  the 
'moors,  a  lower,  but  more  extensive  di- 
vision ;  3.  ih^fens,  in  the  S.  &  E.,  a  low 
tract. 

LiNcoLNViLLE,  t.,  Waldo  CO.  Me.  P. 
2,174.     It  has  a  good  harbor. 

LiNDAH,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan, 
Cutch. 

LiNDAu,  a  fortified  town  of  Bavaria, 
an  isl.  in  the  lake  of  Constance.  P. 
3,902. 

Linden,  p-v.,  cap.  Marengo  co.  Ala. 
— ^ — II.  numerous  vills.  of  Germany. 

LiNDENAU,  several  vills.  of  Germany. 

LiNDESAY  (Mount),  the  most  lofty 
mountain  yet  measured  in  E.  Australia, 
about  55  m.  S.W.  Moreton  bay,  &  5,700 
feet  above  the  sea. 

LiNDESNiEs,  or  the  Naze,  a  cape  of 
Norway,  forming  the  S.  extremity  of  the 
Skager-rack. 

LiNDO,  a  vill.  of  the  island  of  Rhodes, 
on  a  promontory  of  its  E.  coast,  23  m.  S. 
Rhodes. 

LiNDOw,  a  town  of  Prussia,  36  m. 
N.N.AV.  Berlin.     P.  1,549. 

LiNDSEY  (Parts  of),  Engl.,  the  N. 
division  of  co.  Lincoln. 

LiNGA,  two  small  Shetland  isls. 

LiNGAYEN,  a  populous  seaport  town, 
W.  coast  of  Luzon,  Philippines,  100  m. 
,  N.N.W.  Manila. 

LiNGEN,  an  island  of  the  Malay  archi- 
pelago, off  the  E.  coast  of  Sumatra,  100 
m.  S.S.E.  Singapore.  Shape  irregular; 
length  40  m. ;  gr.  br.  20  m. 

LiNGEN,  a  town  of  Hanover,  35  m. 
W.N.W.  Osnabruck.    P.  2,776. 

LiNGENAU,  a  vill.  of  the  Tyrol,  8  m. 
E.S.E.  Bregenz.  P.  1,790.— Lingenfeld 
is  a  vill.,  Rhenish  Bavaria,  W.  Spires. 
P.  1,357. 

LiNGUAGROssA,  a  towH  of  Sjcily,  23  m. 
N.  Catania.     P.  2,450. 


LiNGUETTA  (Cape),  a  headland  of 
European  Turkey,  Epirus. 

LiN-KiANG,  a  city  of  China,  prov. 
Kiang-si,  cap.  dep. 

LiNKLAEN,  p-t.,  Chenango  co.  N.  T. 
P.  1,196. 

LiNKOPiNG,  a  Igsn  of  Sweden,  on  the 
Baltic.     Area,  4,253  sq.  m.     P.  206,625. 

LiNiiOPiNG,  a  town  of  Sweden,  on  the 
Stang-an,  108  m.  S.W.  Stockholm.  P. 
4^000. 

Linlithgow,  a  town  of  Scotland,  cap. 
CO.,  17  m.  W.  Edinburgh.  It  is  situated 
in  a  hollow,  beside  a  fine  lake  of  about 
80  ac. 

Linlithgowshire,  or  West  Lothian, 
a  CO.  of  Scotland,  having  N.  the  Firth  of 
Forth.  Area,  120  sq.  m.  P.  30,044. 
Surface  beautifully  varied  with  knolls  & 
gentle  undulations. 

Linn,  W.  co.  Iowa.  Area,  588  sq.  m. 
Cap.  Linneus.  P.  5,444. II.  co.,  Ore- 
gon terr.      P.   294. III.    a  town  of 

Rhenish  Prussia,  10  m.  N.N.W.  DUssel- 
defrf.    P.  1,200. 

Linnhe  (Loch),  a  large  inlet  of  the 
sea,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland.  L.  20 
m. ;  br.  8  m. 

Linnich,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
17  m.  N.N.B.  Aix-la-Chapelle.    P.  1,520. 

LiNOSA,  a  small  island  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean, 100  m.  S.W.  Sicily,  &  85  m.  W. 
Malta. 

LiNSELLEs,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Nord.     P.  1,357. 

Linth,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  enters 
Lake  Wallenstadt.     L.  26  m. 

Linton,  t.,  Coshocton  co.  0.     P.  1,196. 

Linthwaite,  a  township  of  Engl.,  co. 
York,  W.  Riding.     P.  3,301. 

Lintin,  an  island  of  China,  in  the  Can- 
ton riv.,  about  18  m.  N.E.  Macao. 

Lin-tsing,  a  city  of  China,  prov. 
Shan-tung,  cap.  dist.,  on  the  Yg-ho  canal, 
70  m.  W.  Tsi-nan.  It  is  populous,  & 
stated  to  be  handsome  &  important  as  a 
commercial  city. 

Linwood,  a  vill.  of  Scotl.,  co.  Renfrew. 
P.  1,126. 

LiNz,  a  fortified  city  of  Austria,  cap. 
Upp.  Austria,  on  the  Danube,  93  m. 
W.S.W.  Vienna.  P.  31,000.  It  is  forti- 
fied, in  a  remarkable  manner,  by  a  circle 
of  32  detached  forts,  23  on  the  S.,  &  9  on 
the  N.  bank  of  the  Danube  ;  is  hand- 
somely built,  &  has  3  suburbs,  more  ex- 
tensive than  the  city  itself. 

Lion  (Gulf  of),  erroneously  called  the 
gulf  of  Lyons,  a  wide  bay  of  the  Medi- 
terranean, washing  most  of  the  S.  coast 
of  France. 

Lion  d' Angers  (Le),  a  comm.  &  mkt. 


lis] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


461 


town  of  France,  dep.  Maine-et-Loire,  13 
m.  N.N.W.  Angers,  with  1,580  inhabs. 

LrPARi  Islands,  a  group  of  volcanic 
islands  in  the  Meditorraneati,  15  to  30 
m.  from  the  N.  coast  of  Sicily.  Aggre- 
gate p.  22,000,  of  whom  14,000  are  in  the 
isl.  Lipari.  The  7  principal  islands  are 
Lipari,  Vulcano,  Stromboli,  Salini,  Pana- 
ria,  Felioudi,  &  Alicudi,  besides  some  is- 
let.s,  &c.  AH  are  mntnous.  &,  volcanic. 
— Lipari,  the  largest  &  most  central 
island,  is  18  m.  in  circuit. — Lipari,  its 
cap.  town,  is  on  its  E.  side.     P.  12,500. 

LiPCSE  (Nemeth),  a  town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  Liptau,  8  m  E.N.E.  Rosenberg.  P. 
3,216. 

LiPETZK,  a  town  of  Russia,  84  m.  W. 
Tambov.     P.  6,500. 

LiPNiczA  (Also  &  Felso),  two  vills. 
of  N.  Hungary,  co.  Arva,  44  m.  N.W. 
Kesmark.  P.  of  former,  3,403 ;  of  the 
latter,  1,514. 

LiPNO,  a  town  of  Poland,  32  m.  N.W. 
Plock,  on  the  Niemen.     P.  3,600. 

LiPOvETz,  a  frontier  town  of  Russia, 
102  m.  S.W.  Kiev.     P.  3,100. 

LiPPA,  a  mkt.  town  of  S.E.  Hungary, 
30  m.  N.E.  Temesvar.     P.  7,937. 

LipPE,  a  river  of  Germany.  L.  110 
miles. 

Lippe-Detmold,  a  principality  of 
N.W.  Germany.  Cap.  Detmold.  Area, 
438  sq'.  m.     P.  8,236. 

LippEHNE,  a  town  of  Prussia,  48  m. 
N.N.E.  Frankfurt.     P.  2,750. 

LiPPSPRiNG,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, 35  m.  S.S.W.  of  Minden.  P. 
1,521. 

LippsTADT,  a  fortified  toivn  of  Prus<- 
sian  Westphalia,  23  m.  N.N.E.  Arnsberg. 
P.  4,335. 

Lipso,  Lepsia;  a  small  island  off  the 
coast  of  Asia- Minor,  6  m.  S.E.  Patmos. 

Lire,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Maine-et-Loire,  12  m.  N.W.  Beaupreau. 
P.  2,030. 

LiRiA,  a  town  of  Spain,  18  m.  N.W. 
Valencia.     P.  8,524. 

Lisbon,  a  city  of  W.  Europe,  cap.  of 
the  kingdom  of  Portugal,  on  the  r.  b.  of 
the  Tagus,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Atlantic 
ocean.  Lat.  of  observatory  38°  42'  4" 
N.,  Ion.  9°  8'  2"  W.  Castle  battery  373 
feet  above  the  sea.  P.  280,000.  Mean 
temp,  of  year  61°  .3 :  winter  52°  .4 ; 
summer  70°  .9.  The  city  rises  in  the 
form  of  an  amphitheatre,  &  the  older 
part  has  numerous  steep  &  filthy  streets, 
but  the  new  quarter  is  well  laid  out.  It 
is  an  open  city.  It  is'the  residence  of 
the  sovereign,  &  contains  many  splendid 
architectural  monuments.     Lisbon  has  a 


royal  manuf.  of  fire-arms  &  powder,  &  a 
cannon,  foundry.  The  harbor  is  one  of 
the  finest  in  the  world.  Commerce,  form- 
erly considerable,  has  greatly  declined. 
A  great  part  of  Lisbon  was  destroyed,  & 
60,000  lives  lost,  by  an  earthquake,  in 

1755. II.  t ,  Lincoln  co.  Me.  P  1,532. 

III.  t.,  Grafton  co.  N.  H.     P.  1,682. 

1,052. V.  p-t,  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  5,295. IV.    t.,    New  London   co. 

Conn.  P  3,600. VI.  p-v.,  cap.  Cal- 
casieu pa.  La. 

LisBxiRN,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Ulster, 
cos.  Down  &  Antrim,  on  the  Lagan,  6j 
m.  S.S.W.  Belfast.  P.  6,284.  It  is  one 
of  the  most  beautifully  situated,  &  best 
built,  towns  of  Ireland. 

tiiscA-BiANCA,  &  Lisca-Nera,  two 
islets  of  the  Mediterr.,  Lipari  group. 

LiscANOR,  a  vill.  of  Ireland,  Muiister, 
CO.  Clare. 

LisGARD,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
Chester,  Wallasey.     P.  2,873. 

LiscHAu,  a  mkt.  town  of  Bohemia,  7 
m.  E.N.E.  Budweis.     P.  2,283. 

LisiANKA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  60 
m.  S.S.E.  Kiev.    P.  2,500. 

LisiEux,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Calvados,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Touques,  27 
m.  E.  Caen.     P.  11,345.- 

LisKBARD,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  Corn- 
wall, on  the  Looe,  16  m.  W.N.W.  Ply- 
mouth.    P.  4,287. 

LisKO,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia,  8  m.  S.E.  Sanok,  on  the  San. 
P.  2,329. 

LisKOvo,  a  vill.  of  Russia,  50  m.  S.E. 
Nishni-Novgorod,  with  4,000  inhabs. 

Lisle,  p-t.,  Broome  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
1,680. 

LisMOHE,  an  episcopal  city  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  cos.  Waterford  &  Cork,  111m. 
S.S.W.  Dublin.     P.  3,007. 

LisMOHE,  an  isl.  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Scotland,  co.  Argyle,  7  m.  N.N.W.  Oban. 
P.  1,399. 

LissA,  Issa,  an  island  of  Dalmatia,  in 
the  Adriatic.  P.  3,702.  Principal  towns, 
San  Giorgio,  with  a  good  harbor,  &  Co- 
misa. 

LissA,  several  towns  of  Germany,  &a. 

1.  (Pol.  Leszno),   Prussian  Poland, 

42  m.   S.S.W.  Posen.     P.   8,730. II. 

{Neu  Lissa),  Bohemia,  circ.  Bunzlau,  21 
m.  N.E.  Prague,  with  2,513  inhabs.,  &  a 
castle. — Lisse  is  a  vill.,  Netherlands,  9 
m.  S.  Haarlem. 

LissiTZ,  a  mkt.  town  of  Moravia,  with 
a  castle,  18  miles  N.N.W.  Briinn.  P. 
1,370.  i 

LissoNE,  a  vill.  of  Lombardy.  3  m. 
N.W.  Monza.     P.  2,827. 


452 


CYCLOP-.EDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[liv 


LisTOWEL,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  co.  Kerry.     P.  2,598. 

LisTRAc,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Gironde,  20  m.  N.N.W.  Bordeaux. 
P.  1,803. 

LiTAKOu,  Soutli  Africa.    [Lattakoc] 

Litany  (Bl),  a  river  of  Palestine,  & 
enters  the  Mediterranean,  6  m.  N.  Tyre. 

Litchfield,    N.W.   co.   Conn.     Area, 

685  sq.  m.     P.  45,253. II.  Litchfield, 

town,  the  cap.  is  32  m.  W.  Hartford.  P. 
3,953.  The  vill.  situated  on  the  summit 
of  a  hill  is  pleasant.  It  was  formerly 
the  seat  of  a  celeb,  law  school.     P:  500. 

III.  t.,  Kennebec  co.  Me.     P.  2,293. 

IV.   p-t.,    Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.      P. 

1,676.— — V.  p-v.,  cap.  Grayson  co.  Ky. 

LiTHERLAND,  a  township  of  Engl.,  co. 
Lancaster,  5  m.  N.  Liverpool.     P.  1,586. 

Lithuania,  a  country  of  Europe, 
forming  all  the  N.  &  N.E.  part  of  the 
ancient  kingdom  of  Poland. 

LiTRY,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Calvados,  15  m.  W.S.W.  Bayeux.  P. 
2,128. 

LiTTAu,  a  town  of  Moravia,  10  m.  N.W. 
Olmutz.     P.  2,280. 

LiTTERMOHE,  an  isl.  off  the  W.  coast 
of  Ireland,  Connaught,  co.  Galway. 

Little  Beaver,  t.,  Beaver  co.  Pa. 
P.  1,254. 

Little  Britain,  t.,  Lancaster  co. 
Pa.    P.  3,042. 

Little  Compton,  t.,  Newport  co.  E.  I. 
P.  1,327. 

Little  Creek,  hund.,  Sussex  co.  Del. 
P.  3,000. 

Little  Falls,  p-t.,  Herkimer  co.N.Y. 
P.  4,855.  It  has  a  flourishing  vill.  on  the 
banks  of  the  Mohawk. 

Little  Fqrt,  p-v.,  cap.  Leake  co.  111., 
on  Lake  Mich. 

Little  Prairie,  t.,  New  Madrid  co. 
Mo.    P.  500. 

Little  river,  forms  part  of  the  boun- 
dary between  N.  C.  &  S.  C. II.  river, 

an  affl.  of  the  Savannah. III.  river, 

an  affl.  of  the  Cumberland. IV.  river, 

an  affl.  of  the  Wabash. 

Little  Rock,  city  &  cap.  state  Arkan- 
sas, on  the  S.  bank  of  Arkansas  river,  88 
m.  N.W.  its  junction  with  the  Mississippi. 
It  is  built  on  a  bank  200  feet  above  the 
river. , 

Littleton,  t.,  Grafton  co.  N.  H. 

Littorale,  a  dist.  extending  along 
the  Adriatic,  between  Illyria  &  military 
Croatia,  for  .about  20  m.  in  length,  by  a 
breadth  varying  to  10  m. 

Littry,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Calvados,  9  m.  AY.S.W. 
Bayeux.    P.  2,130. 


LiTviNoviTSHi,  a  mkt.  town  of  Eussia. 
P.  1,700. 

LiTYN,  or  LiTiNSK,  a  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  65  m.  N.E.  Kamenetz.     P.  3,500. 

Liu-TCHOU,  a  city  of  China,  cap.  dep., 
80  m.  W.  Nanking. 

LivADiA,  the  former  name  of  Hellas 
(Greece)  under  the  Turks. 

LivADOSTRo,  a  vill.  of  Greece,  15  m. 
N.N.W.  Megara. — The  bay  of  Livadostro 
is  the  N.E.  termination  of  the  gulf  of 
Corinth,  14  m.  in  1.  by  9  m.  in  average 
breadth. 

LiVABOT,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Calvados,  cap.  cant.,  10  m.  S.S.W. 
Lisieux.     P.  1,162. 

Livenza,  a  river  of  Austrian  Italy, 
enters  the  Adriatic.     L.  70  m. 

LivERMORE,  t.,  Oxford  CO.  Me.    P. 

Liverpool,  next  to  London,  the  prin- 
cipal seaport  of  England,  co.  Lancaster, 
hundred  W.  Derby,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Mersey  estuary,  about  4  m.  from,  the 
Irish  sea,  3H  m.  "W.S.W.  Manchester,  & 
210i  m.  N.W.  London.  P.  (1851)  400,- 
000.  It  extends  5  m.  in  length,  by 
about  24  m.  at  its  greatest  breadth  over 
gently  rising  ground ;  the  highest  point 
within  the  borough,  being  about  220  ft. 
above  the  quay  wall  of  the  river.  Though 
very  irregularly  laid  out,  it  has  many 
broad,  straight,  &  handsome  thorough- 
fares. Along  the  shore,  there  is  a  line 
of  docks  &  basins  of  nearly  5  miles  in  ex- 
tent, having  in  1848,  an  aggregate  water 
area  &  quay  space  of  195  ac.  524  yards, 
&  14  m.  119  yards  in  length  of  space 
round  them.  Tonnage,  387,535. 
•  The  Liverpool  customs  receipts  for 
1851  &  1852  were  as  follows  : — 

For  the  year  ending  5th  Jan.  1852,  je3,.510,033 
do.  5th  Jan.  1851,      3,366,284 

Liverpool  is  supplied  with  water  pump- 
ed from  wells  in  the  red  sandstone,  into 
head  reservoirs,  from  which  it  is  distrib- 
uted with  such  pressure  that  fires  are 
extinguished  by  jets  direct  from  the 
mains,  without  the  intervention  of  fire 
engines.  The  water  is  of  fine  quality, 
but  deficient  in  quantity.  It  has  a  town 
hall  that  cost  110,000Z.,  &  a  custom  house 
that  covers  6,700  sq.  yards.  Liverpool 
is  connected  by  railway  &  canals  with 
all  the  great  towns  of  England,  &  by 
steam  packets  with  Glasgow,  Dublin, 
Cork,  Bristol,  London,  &  the  principal 
ports  of  America  to  which  mail  steamera 

depart. II.  p-v.,  Saline  t.,  Onondaga 

CO.  N.  Y.     Produces  near  a  million  bush- 
els of  fine  salt  annually.     P.  1.000. 

HI.  t.,  Columbia  co.  0.    P.  1,096. 


M 


lla] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


458 


IV.  p-t.,  Medina  co.  0.    P.  1,500. 

V.  a  small  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  cap. 
Queen's  co.,  on  its  S.E.  coast,  70  m.  S.W. 

Halifax. VI.  a  town  of  B.  Australia, 

N.  S.  Wales,  18  m.  S.W.  Sidney.— Ca/Je 
Liiverpool,  is  the  name  of  a  headland, 
Lancaster  sound,  &  of  another  bounding 
the  inlet  Liverpool  bay,  Arctic  ocean. 

Liverpool  Plains,  a,  "  hilly,  pictur- 
esque, &  well- watered  region,"  E.  Aus- 
tralia.— Liverpool  river,  N.  Australia, 
enters  the  sea  near  lat  12°  S.,  Ion.  .134° 
10' E. 

LivESEY,  a  township  of  Engl.,  co. 
Lancaster.     P.  1,996. 

Livingston,  co.,  W.  N.  Y.  Area, 
509  sq.  m.     Cap.  Genesee.    P-.   40,875. 

II.  S.E.  pa.  La.     Area,   730  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Springfield.      P.  3,875. III.  N. 

CO.  Ky.  Area,  330  sq.  m.  Cap.  Smith- 
field.      P.   6,578. IV.    a  central  co. 

Mich.     Area,  576  sq.  m.     Cap.  Howell. 

P.   13.485. V.   N.E.  CO.   111.       Area. 

1,026  sq.  m.     Cap.  Pontiao.     P.   1,552'. 

VI.  N.W.  CO.  Mo.     Area,  510  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Chilicothe.     P.  4,247. VII.  p-t., 

Columbia  co.  N.  Y.     P.  2,190. VIII. 

p-t.,   Essex  CO.  N.  J. IX.   p-v.,  cap. 

Sumpter  co.  Ala.,  68  m.  S.W.  Tuscaloosa. 

LiVNiJ,  a  town  of  Russia,  80  m.  S.E. 
Orel,  on  the  Sosna,  an  afiGl.  of  the  Don. 
P.  9,380. 

LivNO,  a  fortified  town  of  European 
Turkey,  Croatia,  54  m.  N.W.  Mostar. 

Livonia,  a  marit.  gov.  of  Russia,  hav- 
ing W.  the  gulf  of  Livonia.  Area,  com- 
prising the  island  Oesel  in  the  Baltic, 
20,450  sq.  m.  P.  814,100.  Surface 
mostly  flat  &  marshy.  Principal  rivers, 
the  Dijna  &  Eyst.     Lakes  numerous,  soil 

fertile. II.  p-t.,   Livingston  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  2,627. III.  p-t.,  Wayne  co.  Mich. 

P.  1,169. 

Livonia,  or  Riga  (G-ulf  of),  an  inlet 
of  the  Baltic  sea,  in  Russia,  between  the 
govs,  of  Livonia  &  Courland.  L.  N.  to 
S.  100  m.,  br.  80  m. 

LivORNO,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  17  m. 
W.S.W.  Vercelli.     P.  4,805. 

LivRADE  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Lot-et-G-aronne,  near  the 

Lot.     P.  3,209. II.  a  comm.  dep.  H. 

Garonne. 

LivRON,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Drume,  10  m.  S.  Valence. 
P.  1,615, — Livry  is  the  name  of  vills., 
deps.  Calvados,  Nievre,  &  Seine-et-Oise, 
the  last,  10  m.  E.  Paris. 

LivuMA,  a  considerable  river  of  E. 
Africa,  enters  the  Indian  ocean. 

LixHEiM,  a  comm.  &  town  9f  France, 
dep.  Meurtho.     P.  1,093. 


LixuRi,  a  seaport  town  of  Cephalonia. 

Lizan,  a  large  &  fine  vill.  of  Turkish. 

Kurdistan,  on  the  Zab,  about  40  miles 

N.E.  Mosul. 

Lizanello  &  Lizano,  two  mkt.  towns 
of  S.  Italy,  Naples,  the  former  5  m.  S.E. 
Lecce,  the  latter  14  m.  E.S.E.  Taranto. 

Lizard  Point,  a  bold  headland  of 
England,  co.  Cornwall. —  Lizard  Isl.  is 
off  the  E.  coast  of  Australia. 

Lizier  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ariege,  cap.  cant.,  1  m. 
N.W.  St.  Girons.     P.  1,160. 

Lizy-sur-Ourcq,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Seine-et-Marne,  8  m.  N.E. 
Meaux.    P.  1,200. 

Ljub  A.SCHEV0,  a  town  of  Russia,  48  m. 
S.W.  Slutsk.    P.  1,800. 

Ljubetsh,  a  market  town  of  Russia, 
38  m.  N.N.W.  Tchernigov.     P.  1,600. 

Ljubin,  a  town  of  Russia,  54  m.  N.E 
Jaroslavl.     P.  2,000. 

Ljusne,  a  river  of  Sweden.  L.  200 
miles. 

Ljutzun  (Pol.  Liucyn),  a  town  of  Rus- 
sian Poland,  130  m.  N.W.  Vitebsk.  P. 
2,100. 

Llagostera,  a  mkt.  towa  of  Spain, 
Catalonia,  10  m.  S.S.E.  Gerona.   P.  2,000. 

Llanas,  a  market  town  of  Spain, 
Catalonia,  on  the  coast,  30  m.  N.E. 
Gerona.     P.  2,125. 

Llanbedr,  a  town  of  South  Wales,  co. 
&  28  m.  E.N.E.  Cardigan^  on  the  Teify. 

Llandaff,  a  city  of  South  Wales,  co. 
Glamorgan,  on  the  Taff,  3  m.  N.W. 
Cardiff. 

Llandeilo-Vawr,  or  Fawr,  a  mkt. 
town  of  South  Wales,  co.  &  14  m.  E:N.E. 
Carinarthen,  on  the  Towy.    P.  17,967. 

Llandovery,  a  town  of  S.  Wales,  co. 
&  24  m.  E.S.E.  Carmarthen.     P.  1,709. 

Llandysil,  a  small  mkt.  town  of  South 
Wales,  00.  Cardigan,  on  the  Teifi,  12  m. 
S.W.  Lampeter. 

Llanelly,  a  seaport  town  of  S.  Wales, 
on  a  creek  of  Carmarthen  bay,  co,  &  15 
m.  S.E.  Carmarthen.     P.  23,504. 

Llanes,  a  small  maritime  town  of 
Spain,  50  m.  E.  Oviedo,  on  the  bay  of 
Biscay.     P.  2,086. 

Llangollen,  a  market  town  of  North 
Wales,  CO.  Denbigh,  on  the  Dee. 

Llanidloes,  a  town  of  North  Wales, 
CO.  &  19  m.  V*''.S.W.  Montgomery,  on  the 
Severn. 

Llanrwst,  a  market  town  of  North 
Wales,  COS.  Denbigh  &  Carnarvon.  P. 
12,478. 

Llantrissent,  a  town  of  South  Wales, 
CO.  Glamorgan,  8  m.  N.W.  Cardiff.  P. 
2,7S9. 


454 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[lod 


Llerena,  a  town  of  Spain,  62  m.  S.E. 
■Badajoz.    P.  6,022. 

Llivia,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Lerida, 
in  the  Pyrenees. 

Lloehegat,  two  rivers  of  Spain,  Cat- 
alonia.  1,  enters  the  Mediterranean, 

3  m.  S.  Barcelona.  L.  80  m. II.  en- 
ters the  gulf  of  Rosas,  near  the  French 
frontier.     Course  65  m. 

Lloret,  a  maritime  town  of  Spain,  26 
m.  S.  Gerona,  on  the  Mediterranean.  P. 
,2,998. 

Lloughoe,  a  town  of  S.  Wales,  co. 
Glamorgan,  on  the  river  of  same  name. 

Llumayor,  a  town  of  the  island  Ma- 
jorca, 17  m.  E.S.B.  Palmas.    P.  7,112. 

LoANDA,  an  island  of  S.W.  Africa,  op- 
posite the  town  of  St.  Paul  de  Loanda. 
L.  18  m.,  br.  1  m. 

LoANGO,  a  country  of  S.W.  Africa, 
extending  along  the  coasts  of  the  Atlantic, 
from  the  equator  to  the  river  Zaire,  which 
separates  it  from  Congo  on  the  S.  — 
Loans^o,  the  chief  town,  is  situated  in 
lat.  4°  39'  S.,  Ion.  12°  17'  B.,  &  is  said 
to  be  10  m.  in  circumference.  The  bay 
of  Loango  is  rocliy  &  dangerous. 

LoANO,  a  marit.  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  div. 
Genoa,  on  the  gulf  of  Genoa.     P.  3,352. 

LoBAU,  an  isl.  of  Lower  Austria,  in  the 
Danube,  5  m.  B.S.E.  Vienna. 

LoBAU,  a  town  of  Saxony,  12  mi.  E.S.E. 

Bautzen.     P.  2,757. 11.  a  town,  W. 

Prussia.     P.  3,250. 

LoBBEs,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium, 
10  m.  S.W.  Charleroi,  on  the  Sambre. 
P.  2,274. 

LoBEjiJN,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
20  m.  N.W.  Merseburg.     P.  2,660. 

LoBENDAU,  a  vill.  of  Bohemia,  36  m. 
N.N.B.  Leitmeritz.     P.  1,816. 

LoBENSTEiN,  Central  Germany,  on  the 
Lemnitz,  12  m.  S.S.W.  Scbleitz.   P.  4,180. 

LoB-NOR,  a  lake  of  Chinese  Turkestan, 
immediately  W.  the  desert  of  Gobi.  L. 
50  miles. 

LoBOsiTz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  4  m. 
W.S.W,  Leitmeritz,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Elbe. 
P.  1,322. 

LoBSENs,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
34  m  W.N.W.  Bromberg.     P.  2,720. 

LoBURG,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxonjr, 
IB  m.  E.  Magdeburg,  on  the  Bhle.  P. 
1,950.- 

LocANA,  a  comm.  &  town  of  N.  Italy, 
25  ra.  W.  Ivrea.     P.  5,384. 

LocAPiLLY,  a  town  of  India,  Nizam's 
dom.,  82  m.  S.W.  Hyderabad. 

Locarno,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Ticino,  8  m.  S.W.  Belinzona.     P.  1,700. 

II.  a  mkt.  town  of  Piedmont,  on  rt. 

b.  of  the  Sesia. 


LoccuM,  a  mkt.  town  of  Hanover,  26 
m.  W.N.W.  Hanover.    P.  1,500. 

LocHABER,  a  wild  &  mntnoua.  dist.  of 
Scotland,  co.  Inverness. 

LocHAR  Moss,  a  morass  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Dumfries. 

LocHEB,  a  vill.  of  Scotland,  co.  Forfar, 
IJ  m.  N.W.  Dundee.     P.  3,693. 

LocHEM,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
cap.  cant.,  9  m.  B.  Zutphen.     P.  1,934. 

LocHEs,  a  comm.  &,  town  of  France, 
dep.  Indre-et-Loire,  on  the  Indre,  24  m. 
S.E.  Tours.     P.  3,451. 

Lochgilphead,  a  vill.  of  Scotland,  co. 
Argyle,  19  m.  W.S.W.  Inverary.  P. 
2,748. 

LocHiNVAR,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  stew- 
artry  Kirkcudbright.     Circuit  3  m. 

LocHMABEN,  a  bor.  of  Scotland,  co.  & 
8  m.  E  N.E.  Dumfries.     P.  2,809. 

Loch-na-Gar,  one  of  the  Grampian 
mountains,  Scotland,  co.  Aberdeen. 

LocHY  (Loch),  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co. 

Inverness.     L.  9    m.,    br.    1  m. II. 

Lochy  river,  has  a  S.W.  course  of  about 

10  m. III.  a  small  river,  co,  Perth. 

L.  15  m. 

Locke,  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.  N..  Y.  P. 
1,478. 

Lockerby,  a  market  town  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Dumfries.     P.  1,315". 

Lock  Haven,  p-v.,  cap.  Clinton  co. 
Pa.     P.  200. 

LocKPORT,  p-t.,  cap.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  12,323.  The  v.  situated  on  the  Brie 
canal,  has  immense  water  power.  P. 
9,500.  * 

LocKwooD,  a  township  of  England, 
CO.  York,  W.  Riding. 

liOCLE  (Le),  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  &  10  m.  N.W.  Neuchatel.  P. 
6,000. 

LOCMARIA      &       LOCMARIAQUER,      tWO 

eomms.  &  vills.  of  France,  dep.  Morbi- 
han. 1,  at  the  extremity  of  the  pen- 
insula Quiberon.     P.  1,200. II.  23  m. 

S.E.  L'Orient.     P.  2,187. 

LocMiNE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan,  14  m.  S.S.E.  Pontivy.  P. 
1,760.. 

LocoRODONTO,  a  town  of  Naples,  38 
m.  S.S.E.  Bari.     P.  4,000. 

LoccsT  Creek,  t.,  Linn  co.  Mo.  P. 
700. 

LoDDON,  a  market -town  of  England, 
CO.    Norfolk,    10   m.   S.E.  Norwich.     P. 

1,197. II.     a    river,    flows    into    the 

Thames,  near  Wargrave.     L.  30  m. 

III.  a  river,  co.  Hereford,  tributary  to 

the  Frome. IV.  a  river  of  Australia, 

Victoria,  joins  the  Murray. 

LoDEiNOJE  Pole,   an  inland  town  of 


LOl] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


455 


Russia,  gov.  &  33  m.  S.S.E.  Olonetz.  P. 
1,000. 

LoDEVE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Herault,  on  the  Lergue,  29  m. 
W.ISr.W.  Montpellier.     P.  10,372. 

LoDi,  a  city  of  Lombardy,  cap.  deleg. 
Lodi  &  Crema,  on  the  Adda,  19  m.  S.E. 

Milan.       P.  15,709. II.  p-t.,  Seneca 

CO.  N.  Y.  P.  2,269. III.  p-t.,  Wash- 
tenaw CO.  Mich.     P.  1,100. 

LoDOSA,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the 
Ebro,  40  m.  S.S.W.  Pamplona.  P. 
2,580. 

LoDEOjT,  a  vill.  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  25 
m.  W.S.W.  Roveredo.     P,  2,400. 

Lodz,  a  town  of  Poland,  gov.  &  73  m. 
W.S.W.' Warsaw.     P.  4,380. 

LoENHOUT,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  16  m. 
N.E.  Antwerp.     P.  1,800. 

LoEVENSTEiN,  a  fort  of  the  Nether- 
lands, on  the  Waal,  10  m.  W.  Bommel. 

LOFFENAU    &    LOFFINGEN,    tWO    Small 

towns  of  Germany. 1.  Wiirtemberg. 

P.  1,093. II.  Baden,  20  m.  W.  Engen. 

P.  1,191. 

LoFODEisr,  an  archipelago  of  Norway, 
separated  from  the  coast  of  Nordland  by 
the  bay  of  Vest-fiord,  15  to  40  m.  broad. 
They  consist  of  numerous  small  mntnous, 
islands,  the  largest  of  which  are  Hindoe, 
Senjen,  Andoe,  &  Hitteren.  Permanent 
inhabs.  4,000(7)  ;  but  in  the  cod  fishing 
season  (Jan.,  Feb.,  &  March)  they  are 
occupied  by  a  dense  pop.  of  fishermen. 

LoFSTA,  a  town  of  Sweden.  40  m.  N. 
Upsal,  on  the  Liifsta.     P.  1,500. 

LoFTHOusE,  a  small  market  town  of 
Engl.,  CO.  York,  N.  Riding.     P.  1,091. 

Lofty  (Mount),  a  mountain  of  S. 
Australia,  6  la.  S.E.  Adelaide. 

Logan,  co.  Vi''.  Va.  Area,  2,930  sq.  m. 
P.  3,620.— Logan,  c.  h.  the  cap',  is  351 

m.  W.   Richmond. II.  S.W.  co.  Ky. 

Area,  600  sq.  m.  Cap.  Russelville.  P. 
16,581.-111.  N.E.  c(J.  0.  Area,  425 
Bq.  m.     Cap.  Bellefontaine.     P.   19,162. 

IV.  a  central  co.  111.     Area,  529  sq. 

ra.     Cap.  Postville.     P.  5,128. V.  t., 

Clinton  co.  P.  1,200. VI.  t..  Dear- 
born CO.  la.     P.  1,400. 

LoGANspoRT,  p-v.,  cap.  Cass  co.  la. 
P.  2,000. 

LoGEs  (Les),  two  comms.  &  vills.  of 

France. 1,    dep.    Seine    Inf.,    10    m. 

N.N.E.  Havre.    P.  1,985.- II.  Manche, 

10  m.  S.W.  Mortain.     P.  1,496. 

LoGGTJN,  a  country  of  Africa,  Sou- 
dan, S.  of  Lake  Tchad,  &  S.E.  Bor- 
nou. 

LoGEoSo,  a  walled  town  of  Spain,  cap. 
prov.  Logrono,  finely  situated  on  rt.  b.  of 
the  Ebro,  60  m.  E.  Burgos.     P.  7,041. 


LoGROSAN,  a  town  of  Spain,  48  m. 
Caferos.     P.  3,050. 

LoGSTOE,  a  maritime  vill.  of  Denmark, 
Jiitland,  stift.  &  25  m.  AV.S.W.  Aalborg. 
P.  500. 

LoHAEA,  two  towns  of  Hindoatan,  one 
150  m.  N.W.  Hyderabad ;  the  other,  40 
m.  W.  Kallinger. — Lohargong  is  a  town, 
40  m.  S.  Kallinger. 

LoHEiA,  a  seaport  town  of  Arabia, 
Yemen,  on  the  Red  sea,  130  m.  W.N.W. 
Sana. 

LoHjANA,  a  town  of  British  India,  60 
m.  S.W.'Cambay. 

LoHOOGHAUT,  a  vill.  &  British  station 
of  N. 

LoHE,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Maine,  22  m.  N.W.  Wiirtemberg.  P. 
3,714. 

LoiNG,  a  river  of  France,  joins  the 
Seine.     L.  70  m. 

Loir,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the 
lagoon  of  Cernay,  joins  the  Sarthe  on  the 
left,  5  m.  N.  Angers.     L.  150  m. 

Loir-et-Cheb,  a  dep.  in  N.W.  of 
France.  Area,  2,363  sq.  m.  P.  261,892. 
Surface  level,  &  having  numerous  etangs 
(lagoons).  It  is  situated  in  the  basin  of 
the  Loire. 

Loire,  an  important  river  of  Europe, 
&  the  largest  in  France,  rises  in  dep.  Ar- 
d^ehe,  at  an  elev.  of  3,940  feet,  flows 
N.N.W.,  &  W.,  &  enters  the  bay  of  Bis- 
cay by  a  wide  estuary  below  St.  Nazaire, 
dep.  Loire  Inf.  L.  530  m.  Its  course  is 
generally  rapid,  &  navigation  is  inter- 
rupted during  5  or  6  months  in  the  year, 
from  want  of  water,  overflowing,  or, 
freezing. 

Loiee,  a  dep.  of  the  S.E^  of  Franco. 
Area,  1,921  sq.  m.  Surface  generally 
elev.  &  mntnous.  ■  The  greater  portion  of 
the  dep.  is  situated  iQ  the  basin  of  the 
Loire.     P.  472,588. 

Loiee,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Rhone,  &  14  m.  S.  Lyon.     P.  1,450. 

Loire  (Haute),  a  dep.  of  the  S.E.  of 
France.  Area,  1,920  sq.  m.  Surface 
elevated  &  mountainous.  The  dep.  is 
situated  in  the  basin  of  the  Loire.  P. 
304,615. 

Loire  Inferibuee,  a  maritime  dep. 
in  the  N.W.  of  France,  situated  on  the 
Atlantic  ocean  &  the  bay  of  Biscay.  Area, 
2,735  sq.  m.     P.  535,664. 

LoiEET,  a  river  of  France,  dep.  Loiret. 
L.  10  m. 

Loiret,  a  dep.  of  the  N.W.  of  France, 
cap.  Orleans.  Area,  2,645  sq.  m.  Sur- 
face flat  &  little  elevated.  The  N.  por- 
tion is  situated  in  the  basin  of  the  Seine. 
P.  341,029. 


456 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[lon 


LoiRON,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Mayenne,  on  the  Oudon,  7 
m.  W.  Laval.    P.  1,376. 

LoiTz,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pomerania, 
24  m.  S.  Stralsund,  on  the  Peene.  P. 
2,830. 

Loix,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Charente  Inf.,  15  m.W.N.W.  La  Rochelle. 
P.  1,266. 

LojA,  a  city  of  Spain,  25  m.  W.S.W. 
Granada.     P.  15,055. 

LoKEREN,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov.  E. 
Flanders,  7  m.  N.W.  Termonde.  P.  16,- 
227. 

LoKHviTZA,   a  town  of  Russia,  80  m. 

N.W.  Poltava,  on  the  Soula.     P.  4,750. 

Lo-KiANG,  a  river  of  China.     L.  300 

m.     Pao-king  is  the  chf.  city  on  its  banks. 

II.  a  town,  dep.  Sze-chuen. 

LoKOHAR,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  102  m. 
N.B.  Patna. 

LoLLARA,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan,  23 
m.  S.E.  Rhadunpoor.     P.  5,000. 

LoLLiGHUR,  a  vill.  of  N.W.  Hindostan, 
dom.  &  19  m.  S.W.  Jeypoor. 

LoM,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  Bul- 
garia, 22  m.  S.E.  Widin,  on  the  Danube. 
P.  3,000. 

LoMAZY,  a  town  of  Poland,  11m.  S.E. 
Biala.     P.  2,000. 

LoMBARDo  -  Venetian  Kingdom,  a 
political  &  administrative  division  of  the 
Austrian  empire   in  Italy,  forming   two 

governments. 1.  Lombardy. 11. 

Venice.  It  iS  composed  of  a  vast  plain 
inclined  to  the  S.W.,  &  situated  entirely 
in  the  basin  of  the  Adriatic,  bounded  E. 
by  the  Adriatic  &  lUyria,  S.  by  the  Pon- 
tif.  sta.,  Modena,  &  Parma,  S.W.  &  W. 
by  Piedmont,  N.  by  Switzerland  &  the 
Tyrol.  Area,  17,511  sq.  m.  P.  4,803,289. 
The  mountains  Euganei  &  Berici,  in  the 
gov.  Venice,  form  2  masses  of  little  ex- 
tent, nearly  isolated  in  the  plain.  The 
rest  of  the  territory  is  composed  of  low 
plains,  which  terminate  in  lagoons,  on 
the  shores  of  the  Adriatic.  The  princi- 
pal rivers  are  the  Po  &  its  afils.,  all  of 
which  flow  to  the  Adriatic.  29  of  these 
are  navigable.  All  the  fine  lakes  of  north- 
em  Italy  belong,  wholly,  or  in  part,  to 
the  Lombardo  -  Venetian  government. 
The  pcovs.  Lombardy  &  Venice  are  the 
most  fertile  in  the  Austrian  empire.  The 
only  railways  in  operation  are  the  great 
line  from  Milan  to  Venice  (partly  com- 
pleted), &  the  short  lines  from  Milan  to 
Monza  N.W.,  &  Milan  to  Treviglion. 
The  population  belong  chiefly  to  the 
Italia-Tuscan  family,  with  a  mixture  of 
Germans  &  Jews. 
Lombardy,  an  old  div.  of  Italy. 


LoMBERs,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn.     P.  1,700. 

LoMBEz,   a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gers,  19  m.  S.E.  Auch.     P.  1,677. 

LoMBLEM,  an  isl.  of  the  Malay  archi- 
pelago, E.  ofFlores.  L.  40  m. ;  b.  16  m. 
LoMBOK,  an  isl.  of  the  Malay  archi- 
pelago, separated  from  Sumbawa,  E,  by 
the  strait  of  AUass,  &  W.  from  Bali  by 
the  strait  of  Lombok.  Estim.  area,  1,480 
sq.  m.    P.  250,000.(7) 

LoMELLO,  a  mkt.  town  of  Piedmont, 
25  m.  S.S.E.  Novara.     P.  2,151. 

Lommatsch,  a  town  of  Saxony,  21  m. 
W.N.W.  Dresden.     P.  2,783. 

LoMME,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Nord,  3  m.  W.  Lille.     P.  1,019. 

LoMMEL,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  20  m.  N. 
Hasselt.     P.  2,250. 

LoMNiTZ,  several  towns  of  Germany. 

1.  Bohemia,  20  m.  N.  Neu-Bidschow. 

P.  2,494. II.  Moravia,  17  m.  N.N.W. 

Briinn.  P.  1,390. IIL  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, 27  m.  S.S.W.  Leignitz,  with  1,130 
inhabitants. 

Lomond  (Loch),  the  largest  lake  of 
Scotland,  6  m.  N.  Dumbarton,  &  16  m. 
N.W.  Glasgow.  Length,  21  m. ;  b.  7  to 
8  m. 

LoMZA,  a  town  of  Poland,  on  the  Narev, 
72  m.  S.W.  Suwalki.    P.  3,300. 

LoNATE-PozzuoLO,  a  village  of  Lom- 
bardy, 23  m.  W.N.W.  Milan.     P.  2,375. 

LoNATO,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  13  m. 
E.S.E.  Brescia,  2h  m.  S.W.  the  L.  Garda. 
P.  5,600. 

LoNDA,  a  vill.  of  Tuscany,  17  m.  E.N.E. 
Florence.     P.  2,000. 

LoNDE  (La),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Seine  Inf ,  12  m.  S.W.  Rou- 
en.   P.  1,690. 

LoNDERZEEL,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  Belgium,  11  m.  N.W.  Brussels.  P. 
3,000. 

LoNDiNiEREs,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town 
of  France,  dep.  Seine  Inf.,  7  m.  N.  Neu- 
ehatel.     P.  1,000. 

London,  the  cap.  city  of  England,  & 
metropolis  &  seat  of  gov.  of  the  British 
empire  ;  the  city-proper,  with  the  major 
part  of  the  metropolis,  being  in  the  co. 
Middlesex,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Thames, 
here  crossed  by  7  bridges  ;  but  several 
extensive  quarters  are  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  river,  &  the  whole  capital  with  its 
suburbs,  occupies  part  of  the  4  cos.  of 
Middlesex,  Surrey,  Kent,  &  Essex.  Lat. 
of  St.  Paul's  cathedral  51°  30'  8"  N., 
Ion.  0°  5'  7"  W.  of  Greenwich  observa- 
tory. Subdivisions  &  pop.  as  follows  : — 
London  ;  City  ;  Westminster ;  City  &  Li- 
berty ;  Marylobone ;  Borough ;  Finsbury  ; 


lon] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


457 


Tower  Hamlets  ;  Southwark  ;  Lambeth. 
P.  (1830),  2,240,000. 

la  addition  to  the  above,  the  pas.  of 
Chelsea,  Hampstead,  Greenwich,  Lewis- 
ham,  Camberwell,  Wandsworth,  Clap- 
ham,  &c.,  hare  been  included.  The  me- 
tropolis may  be  considered  to  extend 
from  Limehouse  on  the  B.  to  Kensington 
on  the  W.,  a  distance  of  about  7^  m. ; 
from  Islington  on  the  N.  to  Walworth  on 
tbe  S.,  upwards  of  4  m.  The  luHowing 
is  extracted  from  a  periodical : — 

"  London,  the  largest  &  richest  city  in 
the  world,  occupies  a  surface  of  32  sq. 
m.,  thickly  planted  with  houses,  mostly 
three,  four,  &  five  stories  high.  It  con- 
tains 300  &hureheg^&  chapels  of  the  Es- 
tablishment;  364  Dissenters'  chapels,  22 
foreign  chapels,  250  public  schools,  1.500 
private  schools,  150  hospit.als,  156  alms- 
houses, besides  203  other  institutions,  550 
public  offices,  14  prisons,  22  theatres,  24 
markets.  London  docks  cover  20  acres  ; 
14  tobacco  warehouses,  14  acres  ;  &  the 
wine  cellars,  8  acres,  containing  22,000 
pipes.  The  two  West  Indian  docks,  cover 
51  acres  ;  St.  Katherine's  docks,  cover 
24  acres,  the  Surrey  docks,  on  the  op- 
posite side,  are  also  very  large.  There 
are  generally  about  5,000  vessels  &  3,090 
boats  on  the  riv.,  employing  8,000  water- 
men &  4,000  laborers.  London  pays 
about  one  third  of  the  window-duty  in 
England,  the  number  of  houses  assessed 
being  about  120,000,  rated  at  upwards  of 
5,000,000/.  sterling.  The  house  rental 
is  probably  7,000,600Z.  or  8,000,000/." 

It  may  be  added  that  the  metropolis  is 
supplied  with  water  by  8  companies,  the 
total  supply  per  dav  being  estimated'  at 
upwards  of  36,700,000  gallons,  of  which 
quantity,  the  New  River  Company  sup- 
plies nearly  half.  Twelve  gas  companies 
are  supposed  to  furnish  an  aggregate  of 
1,460,000,000  cubic  feet  of  gas  annually, 
by  the  consumption  of  180,000  tons  of 
coal-  The  port  of  London  extends  to 
Gravesend,  30  miles  down  the  river,  & 
from  Limehouse  to  London-bridge,  there 
is  a  continuous  crowd  of  mercantile  ship- 
ping. In  1845,  the  shipping  entered  from 
foreign  ports  (thus  excluding  coasters), 
amounted  to  5,123  British  ships,  aggre- 
gate burden  1,109,387  tons;  2,439  for- 
eign do.,  burden  393,104  tons.  Total 
reg.  shipping  of  port,  2,950  ships,  burden 
581,000  tons,  &  seamen  32,000.  Gross 
customs  rev.  1846,  10,885,156/.  The  city 
of  London  is  divided  into  26  wards,  & 
governed  by  the  Lord  Mayor,  who  has 
an  official  income  of  8,000/.  a- year,  &  by 
the  courts  of  aldermen  &  of  common  coun- 
20 


cil,  elected  by  the  freemen.    Annl.  corp. 

rev.  is  estimated   at  nearly  150,000/. 

Trinobantum,  or  the  town  of  the  Trino- 
bantes  was  probably  the  name  of  London 
at  the  Eoman  invasion.  It  was  after- 
wards walled  in,  &  became  a  Roman  col- 
ony &  place  of  great  trade.  It  was  the 
cap.  of  the  E.  Saxons,  &  made  a  bishop's 
see  in  610.  In  804  it  became  the  cap.  of 
England,  under  Alfred  the  Great,  &  ob- 
tained its  first  charter  from  Wm.  the  Con- 
queror. In  1664,  the  plague  cut  off  40,- 
000  of  the  inhabitants,  &  the  great  fire  iu 

1666  consumed  5-6ths  of  the  city. II. 

a  dist.  of  Upper  Canada.  P.  41,241. — 
Chief  town   London,  eo.    Middlesex,  on 

the  Thames. III.  p-t,,  Rockingham 

CO.  N.  H.     P.  1,556. 

Londonderry,  or  Derry,  a  marit.  co. 
of  N.  Irel.,.  Ulster,  having  N.  the  Atlan- 
tic ocean.  Area,  810  sq.  m.  P.  191,744. 
Surface  in  the  S.  &  centre  mntnous.; 
elsewhere  mostly  lowland. 11.  a  for- 
tified city,  &  river  port,  cap.  above  co., 
on  the  broad  &  navigable  Foyle,  here 
crossed  by  a  wooden  bridge,  1,068  feet  in 
length,  120  miles  N.N.W.  Dublin.  It 
stands  magnificently  on  a  ridge  project- 
ing into  the  river,  &  is  enclosed  by  walls 
&  bastions.  It  has  4  main  streets,  lead- 
ing from  a  fine  central  square,  on  the 
summit  ridge,  towards  the  4  city  gates  ; 
these  are  broad,  clean,  well  paved  & 
lighted,  &  most  of  the  other  streets  are 
well  built,  though  within  the  city  walls, 
very  steep,  &  lined  with  antique  houses. 

P.  16,801. III.  t.,  Windham  co.  Vt. 

P.  1,216. IV.  t,  Dauphin  co.  Pa.     P. 

2,000. V.  t.,  Lebanon  CO.  0.    P.  1,762. 

VI.  t.,  Guernsey  co.  0.     P.  1,606. 

London  Grove,  p-t.,  Chester  co.  Pa. 
P.  1,246. 

Long  (Loch),  a  branch  of  the  firth  of 

Clyde,  Scotland. 

LoNGA,an  uninhab. islet  of  theHebridea. 

Longarone,  a  vill.  of  Aust.  Italy,  10 

m.  N.N.E.  Belluno,  onthePiave.  P.  2,000. 

Long  Branch,    p-v.,    Monmouth  co. 

N.  J.,  on  a  long  peninsula  or  beach  on  the 

Atlantic,  30  m.  S.  N.  T. 

LoNGEViLLE,  sevl.  comms.  &  vills.  of 
France,  dep.  Moselle,  23  m.  E.  Metz.  P. 
2,148. 

Longford,  an  inland  eo.  of  Ireland, 
Leinster.  Area,  412  sq.  m.  P.  83,198. 
Surface  between  the  N.W.  &  centre  of 
the  CO.  diversified  with  gentle  hills;  else- 
where mostly  flat  &  often  boggy. II. 

Longford,  a  market  town,  cap.  above 
CO.,  on  the  Camlin,  4  m.  from  its  confl. 
with  the  Shannon,  68  m.  W.N.W.  Dublin. 
P.  4,966. 


458 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPIIT. 


[lOR 


Long  Island,  an  islet  off  the  S.W. 
coast  of  Ireland,  6  m.  N.N.  W.  Cape  Clear. 

II.   an    island,  E.    arohip.,  midway 

between  Papua  &  Mysory  island. III. 

(or  Yuma),  one  of  the   Bahama  islands, 

E.  of  Exuma.    L.  70  m.;  av.  br.  5  m. 

IV.  British  N.  America,  in  Ungava  bay, 
on  the  N.  coast  of  Labrador.  Other 
islands  of  the  same  name  are  in  the  bay 
of  Fundy  &  Hudson  bay,  British  N. 
America. 

Long  Island,  New  York,  extending 
E.  from  New  York  city,  having  N.  Long 
Island  sound,  W-  New  York  bay,  &  on 
other  sides  the  Atlantic  ocean.  L.  115 
m.;  br.  20  m.  Area,  i,500  sq.  m.  P. 
212,635.  Surface  hilly  in  the  N.,  level 
in  the  S.  On  it,  besides  many  vills.,  is 
Brooklyn,  an  important  suburb  of  New 
York,  &  whence  a  railway  extends  to 
Suffolk-station,  41m.  E. — Long  Island 
sound,  the  navigable  channel  between 
Long  Island  &  Connecticut,  110  m.  in 
length,  &  from  2  to  20  m.  across,  com- 
municating E.  by  a  narrow  rapid  with 
the  Atlantic,  &  W.  with  New  York  bay 
by  Bast  river,  between  New  York  & 
Brooklyn. 

LoNGJUMEAP,  a  coram.  &  town  of 
Prance,  dep.  Seine- et-Oise,  12  m.  S.W. 
Paris.    P.  1,805. 

Long  Meadow,  town,  Hampden  co. 
Mass.     P.  1,270. 

LoNGNi,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ome,  13  E.  Mortagne.  P. 
1,643. 

LoNGOBARDi,  a  marit.  town  of  Naples, 
12ra.S.  Paola.'   P.  1,500. 

LoNGOBuco,  a  town  of  Naples,  21  m. 
N.E.  Cosenza.     P.  5,000. 

Longo-Sardo,  a  seaport  town  &  cape 
of  Sardinia,  48  m.  N.E.  Sassari. 

LoNGPRE,  several  comms.  &  vills.  of 
France. 

Long  Swamp,  p-t.,  Berks  co.  Pa.  P. 
1,836. 

LoNGTOWN,  a  mkt.  town  of.  Engl.,  co. 
Cumberland,  on  the  Esk.     P.  1,990. 

LoNGUB,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Maine-et- Loire,  cap.  cant.,  12  m.  S. 
Bauge.     P.  1,526. 

LoNGWY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Moselle,  33  m.  N.N.W.  Metz.  P. 
2,422. — Longwy  was  called  by  Louis  XIV. 
the  "Iron  Gate  of  France." 

LoNiGO,  a  fortified  t.  of  Austrian  Italy, 
deleg.  &  13  m.  S.W.  Vicenza.     P.  6,786. 

LoNLAY  l'Abbaye,  a  comm.  &  mkt. 
town  of  France,  dep.  Ome,  5  m.  N.W. 
Domfront.     P.  3,639. 

Lonsdale,  Engl.,  is  a  division  of  co. 
Westmoreland. 


Lons-le-Saulnieb,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  cap.  dep.  Jura,  50  m.  S.B. 
Dijon.     P.  8.417. 

LoNZAc  (LE),a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Correze,  14  m.  N.  Tulle.     P.  2,480. 

-Loo,  a  town  of  Belgium,  7  m.  S.B. 
Furnes.     P.  1,660. 

Loo-Choo-Islands,  a  group  in  the  N. 
Pacific  ocean,  between  Japan  &  Formosa, 
&  consisting  of  the  Great  Loo-Choo, 
about  65  m.  in  length,  by  15  m.  in  aver- 
age breadth,  with  about  35  small  islandsj 
the  whole  between  lat.  26°  &  27°  N.,  &  ia 
Ion.  128°  E. 

LoocHRisTY,  a  comm.  A  mkt.  town  of 
Belgium,  6  m.  N.E.  Ghent.     P.  3,636. 

LooDiANAH,  a  fortified  town  of  N.W. 
Hindostnn,  on  the  S.B.  bank  of  the  Sut- 
leje,  110  m,  E.S.E.  Lahore,  &  170  m. 
N.N.W.  Delhi.     P,  20,000. 

LooMCHANG,  a  town  of  Further  India, 
Siamese  dom. 

LooNGHEB,  a  town  of  Further  India, 
Burmese  dom.,  on  the  Irrawadi,  15  m. 
S.W.  Patanago. 

Loop-Head,  a  prom,  of  Ireland,  Mun- 
ster,  CO.  Clare,  at  the  N.  side  of  entrance 
of  Shannon. 

Loos,  a  comm.  &  vill,  of  France,  dep. 
Nord,  2i  m.  S.W.  Lille.    P.  2,014. 

Looz,  a  town  of  Belgium,  cap.  cant., 
9  m.  S.  Hasselt.     P.  1,400. 

LopEHA,  a  town  of  Spain,  22  m.  N.W. 
Jaen,  near  the  Guadalquivir.    P.  2,179. 

Lopez,  a  cape  of  Africa,  gulf  of 
Guinea. 

LoRA,  a  river  of  S  Afigbanistan.  L. 
80  m. II.  a  district  near  Ghuznee. 

Lora-del-rio,  a  town  of  Spain,  32  m. 
E.N.E.  Sevilla,  on  the  Guadalquivit.  P. 
4,590. 

Lorain,  N.  co.  0.     Area,   550  sq.  m. 

Cap.    Elyria.      P.    26,086. IL    p-t., 

Jefferson  co.   N.  Y.     P,    1,700. III. 

t.,  Tippecanoe  co.  Ia.     P.  1,482. 

Loranee,  t.,  Cape  Girardeau  co.  Mo. 
P.  1,543. 

LoRCA,  a  city  of  Spain,  prov.  &  29  m. 
W.S.W.  Murcia,  on  the  Sangonera.  P. 
40,469.  The  old  town  is  irregularly 
built,  but  clean  ;  the  new  town  is  more 
regularly  laid  out  &  open. 

LoRCH,  several  small  towns,  Germany. 

1,   duchy    Nassau,   20    m.   W.S.W. 

Wiesbaden,  on  the  Rhine.     P.  1,736. ■ 

II.  a  town,  Wiirtemberg,  cap.  dist.  P. 
1,720. 

Lord  Hood's  Island,  Pacific  ocean. 

Lord  Howe's  Islands,  Pacific  ocean, 
form  a  part  of  the  Solomon  Islands. 

II.  a  group,  Pacific,  N.E.  of  Sidney. 

III.  one  of  the  Society  islands. 


LOu] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


459 


LoHDSTOWN,  Trumbull  co.  Ohio.  P. 
1,167. 

LoRENZANA,  a  towu  of  Spain,  61  m. 
N.N.E.  Lugo.  P.  2,Q72.—San  Lorenzo 
is  a  town  of  the  island  Majorca. 

Lorenzo  Marquez,  a  Portuguese  es- 
tablishment on  the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  on 
the  Mouissa,  22  m.  from  its  mouth,  in  the 
bay  of  Lagoa. 

LoREO,  a  market  town  of  Austrian 
Italy,  26  m.  S.S.W.  Venice.     P.  3,200. 

LoRETO,  a  city  of  Central  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.     P.  8,000. 

LoRETO,  a  town  of  Naples,  S.E.  Civita- 
.  di-Pienne.    P.  4,560. 

LoRETO,  a  town  of  N.  America,  cap.  of 
Lower  California,  on  gulf  of  California. 

L'orgarkaha,  avilL,  N.W.  Hindostan. 

LoBGUEs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Var.    P.  5,344. 

LoRiENT,  a  seaport  town  &  comm.  of 
France,  dep.  Morbihan,  28  m.  "W.N.W^ 
Vannes.     P.  19,106. 

LoRiOL,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Drome,  12  m.  S.S.W.  Valence.  P. 
2,100. 

LoRMEs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Nievre,  18  m.  S.E.  Clamecy.  P. 
2,100. — Lormont  is  a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep. 
Gironde,  3  m.  N.N.E.  Bordeaux.  P.  2,208. 
.  Lorn,  a  mountainous  district  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  Argyle. 

LoROux  (Le),  a  comm.  &  town,  France, 
dep.  Loire  Inf.,  10  m.  E.N.E.  Nantes.  P. 
1,257. 

Lorquin,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Franccj 
dep.  Meurthe.    P.  1,389. 

LoRRAcH,  a  frontier  town  of  Baden,  on 
the  Wiesen,  28  m.  S.S.W.  Freiburg.  P. 
2,500. 

Lorraine,  an  old  prov.  in  the  N.E.  of 
France. 

LoRRis,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
■dep.  Loiret,  cap.  cant.,  13  m.  S.W.  Mon- 
targis.     P.  1,538. 

LoRscH,  a  town  of  Germany,  16  m.  S. 
Darmstadt.     P.  2,459. 

Los  (Isles  de),  a  group  of  islands  off 
the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  belonging  to  Eng-- 
land,  75  m.  N.W.  Sierra  Leone. 

Los  Angelos,  CO.  California. 

LoscH  &  LoscHiJTZ,  two  small  towns 

of  Moravia. 1.  4  m.  E.N.E.  Briinn.   P. 

2,267. II.  17  m.  N.W.  Olmiitz.     P. 

2,322. 

LosLAu,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  53 
m.  S.S.E.  Oppeln.    P.  2,060. 

Los  Santos,  a  town  of  Spain,  36  m. 
S.E.  Badajos.     P.  5,274. 

LossiE,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  Elgin. 

LossiNi,  an  island  of  Illyria,  in  the 
Adri^atic,  immediately  S.W.  the   island 


Cherso.  L.  19  m. ;  br.  3  m.  L.  Grande 
(^  L.  Piccolo,  with  an  united  pop.  6,260, 
a  good  harbor. 

LossNiTZ,  a  town  of  Saxony,  17  m. 
S.S.W.  Chemnitz.     P.  4,799. 

LossuB,  a  vilL,  Thibet.   Elev.  13,400  ft. 
Lost  Cheek,  p-t.,  Miami  co.  0.     P. 
1,306. 

LosTwiTHiEL,  a  market  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Cornwall.     P.  1,186. 

Lot,  a. river  of  France.     L.  250  m. 
Lot,  a  dep.  in  S.W.  of  France.     Area, 
1,530  sq.  m.     Surface  elevated  &  moun- 
tainous.    P.  296,224. 

Lot-et-Gabonne,  a  dep.  in  the  S.W. 
of  France.    Area,  1,858  sq.  m.  "P.  341,345. 
LoTHiANs   (The),  a  division  of  Scot- 
land. 

Lot's  Wife,  a  rock,  N.  Pacific  ocean. 
LoTUN,  a  town  of  British  India. 
LoTZEN,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  S.S.W. 
Gumbinnen.     P.  1,860. 

Lou-AN,  a  city  of  China. II.  a  town, 

135  m.  S.S.W.  Nanking. 

LouARGAT,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Franco, 
dep.  Cotes-du-Nord.  26  m.  W.  St.  Brieuc. 
P.  4,000. 

LouBES  (St.),  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Gironde,  8  m.  N.E.  Bor- 
deaux.    P.  2,520. 

LouBBEssAC,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Lot,  21  m.  N.N.W.  Figeac. 
P.  1,570. 

LouDEAc,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Cutes-du-Nord,  15  m.  S.  St.  Brieuc. 
P.  1,830. 

Loudon,  N.E.  co.  Va.  Area,  460  sq. 
m.  Cap.  Leesburg.  P.  22.079.- — II.  t., 
Merrimae  co.  N.  H.     P.  1,640. 

LouDUN,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
cap.  dep.  Vienne,  31  m.  N.N.W.  Poitiers. 
P.  4,071. 

LouE,  a  comm.  &  market  town,  France, 
dep.  Sarthe,  16  m.  W.  Le  Mans.    P.  1,765. 
LouGA,  a  small  town  of  Russia,  gov.  <fc 
80  m.  S.S.W.  St.  Petersburg. 

LouGAN,  a  river  of  Norway.   L.  200  m. 
Loughborough,  a  market  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  &  9  m.  N.N.W.  Leicester.     P. 
25,368. 

LouGHBEA,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Connaught,  co.  &  20  m.  E.S.E.  Galway. 
P.  5,458. 

LouHANS,  a  comm  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Saune-et-Loire,  29  m.  N.E.  Macon. 
P.  3,240. 

Louis  (St.),  a  lake  of  Lower  Canada, 
formed  by  an  expansion  of  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  7  m.  S.W.  Montreal.  L.  20  m. ; 
gr.  br.  7  m. II.  a  river,  Wisconsin  ter- 
ritory, enters  Lake  Superior  at  its  W. 
extremity,  after  a  course  of  120  m. 


460 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[lou 


III.  an  isl.  in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  strait 
of  Magalhaens,  S.  America. 

Louis  (St.),  an  island,  town,  &  port, 
"W.  Africa,  Senegambia,  belonging  to  the 
French,  the  island  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Senegal  river.  The  town  St.  Louis,  or 
Andar,  on  this  island,  cap.  of  the  French 
possessions  in  Senegambia,  has  a  pop.  of 
12,000. 

Louis  (St.),  two  towns  of  Hayti,  one 
on  the  S.  coast  (S.W.  peninsula),  12  m. 
E.N.E.  Cayes ;  the  other  on  the  N.  coast, 
E.  Port-de-Paix. 

Louis  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 

dep.  H.  Rhin.     P.  1,605. II.  a  town 

of  the  island  Bourbon,  cap.  of  the  French 
colony,  20  m.  S  S.E.  St.  Paul,  near  the 

S.W.  coast.     P.  9,285. III.  a  comm. 

of  the  French  colony  of  Guadeloupe, 
in  the  small  island  Marie-Gaiante.  P. 
2,723. 

Louis  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Rhin,  13  m.  E.  Altkirch. 

Louisa,  co.,  F.  Va.     Area,  570  sq.  m. 

Cap.   Louisa   c.  h.     P.    16,691. II. 

S.E.  CO.  Iowa.     Area,  442  sq.  m.     Cap. 

Wappello.     P.  4,939. III.  p-v.,  cap. 

Lawrence  co.  Ky. 

LouisBURG,  a  seaport  vill.,  isl.  Cape 
Breton,    on   its   E.   coast,    23   m.    S.W. 

Sydney. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Franklin  co. 

N.  C,  36  m.  N.E.  Raleigh. 

LouisiADE  Archipelago,  a  number 
of  islands.  Pacific  0.,  between  lat.  8°  & 
12°  S.,  &  Ion.  150°  &  155°  E.,  S.E.  of 
Papua. 

Louisiana,  one  of  the  S.W.  U.  S., 
having  E.  Mississippi,  from  which  it  is 
mostly  separated  by  the  river  of  same 
name,  S.E.  &  S.  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  W. 
Texas,  &  N.  Arkansas  &  Mississippi. 
Length,  240  m. ;  breadth,  210  m.  Area, 
45,350  sq.  m.  P.  in  1840,  352,411,  of 
whom  168,452  were  slaves  ;  in  1850, 
511,974,  of  whom  230,807  were  slaves. 
Surface  almost  entirely  flat,  alternately 
covered  with  woods,  prairies,  swamps,  & 
tracts  of  alluvial  soil,  generally  secured 
from  inundations  of  the  rivers  by  large 
embankments.  Chief  rivers,  the  Mis- 
sissippi, with  its  numerous  branches,  & 
the  Red  river,  Calcasieu,  Vermilion, 
Teche,  &  Sabine.  Lakes,  mostly  formed 
by  expansions  or  overflowings  of  the 
rivers,  are  numerous,  Pontehartrain  is 
the  largest.  The  woods  are  very  exten- 
sive, &  more  swampy  than  those  of  the 
oth  r  S.  states.  Panthers,  deer,  &c.,  are 
numerous,  &  alligators  swarm  in  the 
waters.  Climate  in  winter  mild  &  moist ; 
in  summer  hot.  Country  liable  to  vis- 
itations of  yellow  &  bilious  intermittent 


fevers.  Soil  on  the  rivers,  very  fertile, 
&  laid  out  in  fine  plantations.  Chief 
products,  cotton,  sugar,  rice,  maiz  ,  & 
tobacco.  Oranges,  &  most  other  southern 
fruits,  flourish.  Cattle  &  mules  arc  ex- 
tensively bred  on  the  prairies.  Value 
of  exports  (1850),  including  a  large 
amount  of  produce  brought  down  the 
Mississippi  from  other  states, S38, 105,350; 
imports,  $10,760,499.  Manufs.  of  liitle 
importance.  State  debt,  $11,492,566. 
State  rev.,  about  $1,000,000.  117  m.  of 
railway  are  in  operation,  &  25  m.  hi 
course  of  construction.  Louisiana  is 
divided  into  48  pas.,  answering  to  the 
cos.  of  other  states.  Principal  towns, 
after  New  Orleans,  are  Baton  Rouge,  the 
cap.,  &  Natchitoches.  The  governor  <fc 
senate  are  chosen  by  the  people  for  4 
years;  the  representatives  for  2  years. 
The  stale  has  four  representatives  in 
Congress.  Louisiana,  part  of  the  ter- 
ritory purchased  of  France  in  1803,  for 
$15,000,000,  was  admitted  into  the  Union 
in  1812. 

Louisville,  city,  port  of  entry,  &  cap. 
Jefferson  eo.  Ky.,  on  the  1.  b.  of  the  Ohio 
river,  85  m.  S.W.  Cincinnati.  P.  43,216. 
It  is  regularly  &  handsomely  built;  has 
several  banks,  &  2  mkt.  houses,  with  iron 
foundries,  woollen  &  flour  mills,  &  a  large 
general  carrying  trade  on  the  Ohio,  &  to 
New  Orleans,  amounting  in  value  to  40 
millions  dollars  annually.  A  short  canal 
has  been  formed  here,  by  which  steamers 

avoid  the  rapids  of  the  river. II.  p-t., 

St.  Lawrence   co.    N.  Y.     P.  2,054. 

III.  p-v.,  cap.  Jefierson  co.  Ga. IV.  a 

vill.,  cap.  Jefferson  co.  Georgia. 

Loui-TCHou,  a  city  of  China,  E.  side 
of  a  peninsula  250  m.  S.W.  Canton. 

Lou-KiANG,   a  river  of  E.  Tibet. 

II.  a  town  of  China,  prov.  Ngan-hoei, 
100  m.  S.W.  Nanking. 

LouLE,  a  fortified  town  of  Portugal, 
prov.  Algarves,  8  m.  N.  Faro,  with  5,000 
inhabs. 

Lou-ngan,  a  fortified  city  of  China, 
cap.  dep.,  on  the  frontier  of  Tibet. 

Loup  (St.),   several  comms.  towns,  & 

vills.  of  France. 1,  dep.  H.  SaOne,  on 

the   Seymouse,    16  m.  N.W.    Lure.      P. 

2,663. II.   dep.  Rhone,    12  m.  S.W. 

Villefranehe.      P.    1,980. III.    dep. 

Deux-Sevres,  cap.  cant.,  10  m.  N.E. 
Parthenay.     P.  1,644. 

LouppE  (La),  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town 
of  France,  dep.  Eure-et-Loir,  21  m.  W. 
Chartres.     P.  1,149. 

Lourches,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Nord.     P.  3,340. 

Lourdes,  Lorde,  a  comm.  &  town  of 


low] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


461 


France,  dep.  H.  Pyrenees,  6  m.  N.N.E. 
Argeles.     P.  3,340. 

LouRDOUEix,  two  cnmois.  &  vills.  of 

France. 1.  {St.  Michel),   dep.  Indre, 

arr.  &  15  m.  S  W.  La  Chatre.     P.  1,169. 

II.  {St.  Pierre),  dep.  Creuse,   17  m. 

N.  Gueret.     P.  1,976. 

LouEicAL,  a  mkt.  town  of  Portugal, 
18  m.  S.S.W.  Coimbra.     P.  2,900.      - ' 

LouBiNHAO.  a  town  of  Portugal,  10  m. 
N.  Torres- Vedras.     P.  2,400. 

Louroux-Beconnais  (Le),  a  comm. 
&  market  town  of  France,  dep.  Maine-et- 
Loire,  cap.  cant.,  15  m.  W.N.W.  Angers. 
P.  2,435. 

Louth,  a  small  eo.  of  Irel.,  Leinster, 
having  E.  the  Irish  sea.  Area,  322  sq.  m" 
P.  91,045. 

Louth,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  &  25  m. 
E.N.E.  Lincoln.     P.  8,935. 

LouvAiN,  a  city  of  Belgium,  on  the 
Dyle,  16  m.  E.N.E.  Brussels.  P.  25,698. 
It  is  enclosed  by  fortifications  7  m.  in 
circ,  &  which  are  now  partly  converted 
into  planted  walks. 

LouvEN,  a  river  of  Norway.  L.  100 
miles. 

LouviERS,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Eure,  on  the  Eure,  17  m.  S.E.  Kouen. 
P.  9,570. 

LouviGNE,   two  comms.    &    vills.    of 

France,   dep.   Ille-et-Vilaine. 1,  {du 

Desert),   10   m.   N.N.E.   FougereS.      P. 

3,524. II.  (en  Bais),  8  m.  S.W.  Vitre. 

P.  1,633. 

Louvres,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  6  m.  'S.S.E. 
Luzarches,  with  1,000  inhabs. 

LouzA,  a  town  of  Portugal,  12  m>, 
E.S.E.  Coimbra.     P.  3,200. 

LovAs  Bereny,  a  mkt.  town  of  Hun- 
gary.    P.  4,104. 

LovAT,  a  river  of  Russia,  enters  Lake 
Ilmen.     L.  175  m. 

LovENDEGHEM,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
Belgium,  prov.  E.  Flanders,  5  m.  N.W. 
Ghent.     P.  4,701. 

LovENicH,  a  vill.  of  Rhenish  Prussia. 

LovERE,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy,  21 
m.  E.N.E.  Bergamo,  on  L.  Iseo.  P. 
4,000. 

LoviNGsTON,  p-v.,  cap.  Nelson  co.  Va. 

LovTCHA,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Bulgaria.     P.  3,000. 

Low  Archipelago,  an  extensive  se- 
ries of  it^ls.,  Pacific  0.,  lat.  20°  S.,  &  Ion. 
140°  W. 

Lowell,  city.  &  semi -cap.  Middlesex 
CO.  Mass.,  25  m.  N.W.  Boston,  on  the 
Merrimac  r.  at  its  junction  with  the  Con- 
cord r.  P.  32,964.  It  is  from  the  extent 
of  its  manufactures  termed  "  the   Man- 


chester of  America."  The  water  power 
at  this  place  is  very  extensive  &  easily 
av.ailablo.  It  is  produced  by  a  canal  60 
feet  wide,  8  feet  deep,  &  a  mile  &  a  half 
in  length,  commencing  at  the  head  of 
Pawtucket  falls,  &  extending  to  Concord 
river. 

Lowen,  a  small  town  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, on  the  Neisse,  37  m.  S.E.  Breslau. 
P.  1,525. 

LowENBERG,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sile- 
sia, 26  m.  "W.S.W.  Leignitz,  onl.  b.  of  the 
Bober.     P.  4.330. 

LowENSTEfN,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
24  m.  N.N.E.  Stuttgart,  with  1,047  in- 
habs. 

Lower,  t.,  Cape  May  co.  N.  J.  P. 
1,133. 

Lower'  Alloways  Creek,  t.,  Salem 
CO.  N.  J.     P.  1.252. 

Lower  Chanceford,  p-t.,  York  co. 
Pa.     P.  1,291. 

Lower  Dublin,  t.,Philada.  co.  Pa.  P. 
3,300. 

Lower  Macungy,  t.,  Lehigh  co.  Pa. 
P.  2,156. 

Lower  Mahantango,  p-t.,  Schuylkill 
CO.  Pa.     P.  1,465. 

Lower  Mahony,  t.,  Northumberland 
CO.  Pa.     P.  1,199. 

Lower  Makefield,  t.,  Bucks  eo.  Pa. 
P.  1,550. 

Lower  Merion,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co. 
Pa.     P.  2,827. 

Lower  Mt.  Bethel,  t.,  Northampton 
CO.  Pa.     P.  2,957. 

Lower  Nazareth,  t.,  same  co.  Pa.  P. 
1,201. 


t.,  Chester  co.    Pa. 
t.,  Dauphin  co.  Pa. 


Lower  Oxford, 
P.  1,222. 

Lower  Paxton, 
P,  1,337. 

Lower  Providence,  t.,  Montgomery 
CO.  Pa.     P.  1.413. 

Lower  SalforD,  t.,  Montgomery  co. 
Pa     P.  1,141. 

Lower  Sandusky,  p-v.,  cap.  Sandusky 
CO.  0.     P.  1,141. 

Lower  Saucon,  p-t.,  Northampton 
CO.  Pa.  ^,  P.  2,710., 

Lower  Smithfield,  t.,  Monroe  oo.  Pa. 
P.  1,192. 

Lower  St.  Clair,  t,  Alleghany  co. 
Pa.     P.  4,373. 

Lower  Swatara.  t.,  Dauphin  co.  Pa. 
P.  1,258. 

Lower  Windsor,  t.,  York  co.  Pa.  P. 
1,687. 

Lowestoft,  a  seaport  town  of  Engl,, 
eo.  Suffolk,  on  the  North  sea,  9  m.  S. 
Yarmouth.     P.  4,647. 

Lowicz,  a  town  of  Poland,  44  miles 


r^/ 


462 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[luo 


W.S.W.  Warsaw,  on  the  Bzura,  an  affl. 
of  the  Vistula.    P.  7,100. 

LowisA,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of 
Finland,  on  the  gulf  of  Finland.  P. 
2.700. 

Lowndes,  S.  co.  Ga.     Area,  2,080  sq. 

m.     Cap.  Troupsville.     P.  8,954. II. 

a  central  co.  Ala.     Area,    1,600  sq.  m. 

Cap.   Haynesville.       P.   21,915. III. 

E.  CO.  Miss.  Area,  324  sq.  m.  Cap. 
Columbus.     P.  19,554. 

LowsiDE,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  Dur- 
ham.    P.  1,192. 

LowviLLE,  p-t.,  Lewis  co.  N.Y.  P. 
2,377. 

LowYAH,  a  town  of  British  India,  20 
m.  S.E.  Bettiah. 

LoxA,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  republic 
Ecuador,  dep.  Assuay,  in  a  fine  valley 
of  the  Andes,  about  7,000  feet  above  the 
sea,  75  m.  S.  Cuenfa.     P.  10,000. 

LoxBEAR,  a  pa.  of  Engl.,  co.  Devon,  4 
m.  W.N.W.  Tiverton.  Area,  1,320  ac. 
Pop.  144. 

LoYALSocK,  t.,  Lycoming  co.  Pa.  P. 
1,107. II.  r..  Pa. 

Loyalty  Island.?,  in  the  Pacific 
ocean,  E.  of  New  Caledonia,  consist  of  2 
large  &  3  small  isls. 

LoYAT,  &  LoYEs,  two  comms.  &  vills. 

of  France. 1,  dep.   Morbihan,   29   m. 

N.E.    Vannes.       P.    2,062. II.    dep. 

Ain,  22  m.  E.  Tr'evoux.     P;  1,071. 

Loyola,  a  celebrated  convent  &  vill. 
of  Spain,  Biscay,  14  m.  S.W.  St.  Sebas- 
tian. 

LozDZEY,  a  town  of  Poland,  24  m. 
N.E.  Suwalki.     P.  1,600. 

LozERE,  a  dep.  of  the  S.  of  France, 
part  of  the  old  prov.  Languedoc.  Area, 
1,973  sq.m.  P.  144,705.  Surface  moun- 
tainous, traversed  on  the  E.  by  the  Ce- 
vennes  mntns. 

Lu,  a  mkt.  town  of  Piedmont,  9  miles 
N.W.  Alessandria.     P.  3,098. 

LuANco,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  on 
a  headland  of  Asturias,  in  the  bay  of 
Biscay,  15  miles  N.  Oviedo.     P.  2,700. 

LuARcA,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  37 
m.  W.N.W.  Oviedo.     P.  2,700.  , 

LuBAczow,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia,  40  miles  W.N.W.  Zolkiev.  P. 
3,000. 

LuBAN.  a  small  isl.  of  the  E.  archi- 
pelago,  Philippines,  about  90  m.   S.W. 

Manila. II.  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia. 

80  m.  S.  Minsk. 

LuBAR,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  47  m. 
W.S.W.  Jitomir,  on  the  Slutsh.    P.  3,300. 

LuBARTOv,  a  town  of  Poland,  15  miles 
N.N.E.  Lublin,  on  the  Wieprz.     P.  3,200. 

LuBBEOKE,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian 


Westphalia,   13  miles.  W.  Minden.     P. 

2,760. 

LuBBEN,  a  town  of  Pru.ssia,  40  m.  S.W. 
Frankfurt,  on  an  isl.  formed  by  the  Spree. 
P.  4,370. 

LuBEc,  p-t,,  &  port  of  entry,  Wash- 
ington CO.  Me.  It  has  a  good  harbor. 
P.  2,814. II.  a  principality  of  N.  Ger- 
many, belon9;ing  to  Oldenburg.      Area, 

180  sq.  m.     P.  21,517. III.  a  famous 

commercial  city  of  N.  Germany,  nomi- 
nally the  chief  of  the  Hanse  towns,  &  the 
call,  of  a  small  republic,  on  the  Trave, 
10  m.  from  its  mouth,  in  the  gulf  of  Lii- 
bec'  (Baltic),  36  m.  N.E.  Hamburg,  lat. 
53°  52'  1"  N..,  Ion.  10°  41'  5"  E.  P. 
25,339.  Liibec  is  enclosed  by  ramparts 
&  a  promenade;  it  is  well  built.  Its 
trade,  though  less  important  than  in  the 
middle  ages,  is  still  thriving,  especially 
with  the  Baltic  states.  The  territory  of 
Lubec  consists  of  a  tract,  near  the  city, 
about  20  m.  in  length,  by  3  or  4  m.  in 
breadth,  &  some  small  detached  portions. 
Total  area  127  sq.  m.  P.  47,197.  Soil 
fertile.  Chief  occupation,  the  rearing  of 
live-stock.  Public  rev.  (1848)  807,726 
marks  ;  expenditure  814,577  do.  Public 
debt  5,881,041  marks. 

LuBEN,  atownof  Prus.sian  Silesia,  14  m. 
N.N.E.  Liegnitz,  on  the  Queiss.  P.  3,520. 
_  LuBERSAC,  a  comm.  &  tnWn  of  France, 
dep.  Correze,  21  m.  N.N.W.  Brives.  P. 
1,431. 

LuBiN  DEs  JoNCHERETs  (St.),  a  comm. 
&  mkt.  town  of  France,  dep.  Eure-et- 
Loire,  12  m.  W.  Dreux.     P.  1,540. 

Lublau,  a  town  of  N.  Hungary,  co. 
Zips,  on  the  Poprad,  15  m.  N.E.  Kes- 
mark.     P.  2,100. 

Lublin,  a  prov.  of  Poland.  Area, 
11,975  sq.  m.  P.  1,008,292.— Lublin,  a 
city  of  Poland,  cap.  gov.  &  prov.,  in  a 
marshy  tract,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Bistritza, 
95  m.  S.E.  Warsaw.     P.  16,000. 

Lublinitz,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
34  m.  E.N.E.  Oppeln.     P.  2,150. 

Lubnaig  (Loch),  a  lake*  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Perth. 

LuBNiJ,  a  town  of  Russia,  80  m.  W.N.W. 
Poltava.     P.  5,500. 

Luboml,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russian  Po- 
land, 38  m.  N.N.W.  Vladimir.     P.  2,815. 

LuBRiN,  a  town  of  Spain,  29  m.  N.E. 
Almeria.     P.  4,815. 

LuBTHEEN,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.  Ger- 
many, 10  m.  S.S.W.  Hagenow.    P.  1,500. 

LuBz,  a  town  of  N.  Germany,  on  the 
Elde,  8  m.  E.N.E.  Parchim.     P.  1,874. 

Luc  (Le),  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Var,  13  m.  S.W.  Draguig- 
nan.     P.  2,805. 


Uft^: 


^■"t,-sasr~ 


lud] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


463 


-  Lucas,  N.W.  co.  0.  Area,  600  sq.  m. 
Cap.  Toledo.     P.  12,363. 

LufAY-LE-MALE,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Indre.     P.  1,886. 

Lucca  (Duchy  of),  a  small  territory 
of  Centr.  Italy,  bounded  E.  &  S.  by  Tus- 
cany, W.  by  the  gulf  of  Genoa  &  duchy 
Massa;  N.  by  Modena.  Area,  435  sq. 
m.  P.  168,198.  It  occupies  the  central 
valley  of  the  Serchio,  &  is  considered  one 
of  the  finest  &  most  fertile  regions  in 
Italy. — -Lucca,  the  cap.  of  above  duchy, 
is  situated  on  the  Serchio,  11  m.  N.E. 
Pisa.    P.  24,092.   It  is  well  built  &  clean. 

Lucca,  a  vill.  of  Sicily.     P.  3,000. 

Luce  Bay,  a  broad  &  deep  inlet  of 
the  Irish  sea,  S.W.  coast  of  Scotland,  co. 
Wigton.  • 

Luce  (Sainte),  a  small  town  &  comm. 
on  the  S.  coast  of  the  French  W.  India 
isl.  Martinique,  13  m.  S.B.  Fort  Royal. 
P.  1,226. 

LucEA,  a  maritime  vill.  of  Jamaica, 
on  its  N.W.  coast,  co.  Cornwall,  ITJ  m. 
W.S.W.  Montego. 

LucEAU,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Sarthe,  21  m.  S.W.  St.  Calais.  P. 
1,362. 

LucENA,  a  city  of  Spain.  32  m.  S.S.E. 

Cordova.   P.  16,652. II.  prov.  &  15  m. 

N.W.  Castellon-de-la-Plana,  on  riv.  Lu- 
cena.    P.  2,903. 

LucENAY,  several  comms.  &  vills.  of 

France. 1,  {les  Aix),  dep.  Nievre,  25 

m.    S.E.   Nevers.      P.   1,579. II.    {V 

Eveque),  dep.  SaOne-et-Loire,  8  m. 
W.N.W.  Autun.     P.  1,221. 

LucENDA,  a  considerable  town  of  S. 
Africa,  cap.  territory  Cazembe,  on  W. 
afauent  of  Lake  Nyassi. 

LucERA,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Capi- 
tanata,  on  a  height  12  miles  W.N.W. 
Foggia.     P.  11,000. 

Lucerne  (Lake  of),  a  lake  of  Switz- 
erland, near  its  centre.  L.  24  m. ;  br. 
J  a  mile  to  2  m. ;  height  of  surface  above 
the  sea,  1,380  feet. 

Lucerne,  a  cant,  of  "Switzerland,  near 
i±s  centre.  Area,  588  sq.  m.  P.  124,521. 
Surface  mountainous  in  the  S.,  level  in 
the  N.     Principal  river,  the  Emmen. 

Lucerne,  a  city  of  Switzerland,  cap. 
cant.  Lucerne,  &  one  of  the  three  seats  of 
the  Swiss  Diet,  on  the  Keuss,  25  m.  S.S.W. 
Zurich.  P.  8,20O.  Itis  highly  picturesque, 
enclosed  by  a  wall  &  watch-towers,  & 
pretty  well  built. 

LucHB.  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Sarthe,  on  the  Loir,  7  m.  E.  La  Fleche. 
P,  2,626. 

LiJcHOw,  a  town  of  Hanover,  37  m- 
S.E.  Liineburg,  on  the  Jetze.     P.  1,343. 


Lucia  (St  ),  a  British  W.  India  island, 
windward  group,  30  m.  S.  Martinique,  & 
22  m.  N.  St.  Vincent.  Area,  300  sq.  m. 
P.  21,457.  Surface  mostly  elevated ;  in 
the  N.  &  S.  marshy. 

LuciGNANO,  a  town  of  Cent.  Italy, 
Tuscimy,  prov.  Florence,  7  m.  N.E.  Siena. 
P.  2,880. 

LuciTO,  a  market  town  of  S.  Italy, 
Naples,  11  m.  W.S.W.  Larino.     P.  3,000. 

Luck,  a  town  of  Russia,  170  m.  W.N.W. 
Zytomiers,  on  the  Styr.     P.  3,650. 

LucKAu,  a  town  of  Prussia,  50  m.  S.W. 
Frankfiirt,,  on  the  Berste.     P.  4,310. 

LucKENWALDE,  a  towu  of  Prussia,  23 
m.  S.E.  Potsdam,  on  the  Nuthe.  P. 
6,300. 

LucKiPOOR,  a  town  of  British  India. 

LucKNO^v,  a  city  of  Hindostan,  cap. 
Oude  dom.,  174  m.  N.W.  Benares.  P. 
200,000.  It  has  an  imposing  external 
appearance. 

LucKNOWTEE,  a  town  of  N.W.  Hin- 
dostan, 13  m.  N.E.  Kurnaul. 

LucKPUT,  a  fortified  town  of  W.  Hin- 
dostan, Cuteh,  on  the  Koree  or  E.  branch 
of  the  Indus.     P.  5,000. 

Luco  &  LucoLi,  two  vills.  of  Naples, 

prov.   Abruzzo   Ult.   II. 1,    on  Lake 

Fucino,  5  m.  S.  Avezzano.  P.  1,600. 
II.  6  m.  W.S.W.  Aquila.     P.  2,500. 

LufON,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Vendee,  17   m.    W.   Fontenay.     P. 

4,139. II.  the  Spanish  name  of  the 

Philippine  island. 

LucY-LE-Bois,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Yonne.     P.  1,011. 

LuDAMAR,  a  state  of  W.  Africa,  on  the 
N.E.  of  Senegambia.  Chief  town,  Be- 
nowm. 

LuDD,  Lydda  &  Diospolis,  a  consider- 
able viU.  of  Palestine,  2  m.  N.E.  Ram- 
leh. 

LuDE  (Le),  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Sarthe,  on  the  Loir,  10  m.  E.S.E.  La 
F16che.     P.  2,250. 

LiJDENscHEiD,  a  town  ofPrussian  West- 
phalia, reg.  &  23  m.  S.W.  Arnsberg.  P. 
3,810. 

LiJDiNGHAUSEN,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Westphalia,  16  m.  S.S.W.  Munster.  P. 
1,750. 

LuDiTZ,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  1. 
b.  of  the  Strzela,  56  m.  W.  Prague.  P. 
1,400. 

LuuLOW,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  Salop. 

P.  17,045. II.  t.,  Windsor  co.  Vt.    P. 

1.363. III.  t.,  Hampden  co.  Mass.   P. 

1,268. 

LuDWiGSBURG,  a  City  &  second  cap.  of 
Wiirtemberg,  1  m.  W.  the  Neckar,  &  8 
m.  N.  Stuttgart.     P.  6,200. 


*W^ 


464 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOOKAPHY. 


[ldn 


LuDwiGSLusT,  a  market  town  of  North 
Germany,  21  miles  E.  Schwerin.  P. 
5,256. 

LuGA,  a  town  of  Russia,  85  m.  S.S.W. 
St.  Petersburg,  on  the  Luga.  P.  1,800. 
The  litiga,  a  navigable  riv.,  enters  the 
gulf  of  Finland,  75  m.  W.S.W.  St.  Peters- 
burg.    L.  150  miles. 

Lugano,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  one  of 
the  3  caps,  of  the  cant.  Ticino,  on  the  N. 
shore  of  the  lake  of  Lugano,  16..m.  S.  Be- 
linzona.     P.  4,500. 

Lugano,  a  lake  of  Switzerland  & 
North  Italy.  Shape  very  irregular. 
Greatest  length  16  m. ;  av.  br.  2  m. 

Luganskoe,  a  market  town  of  Russia, 
16  m.  S.E.  Bachmut. 

Lugar,  Scotl.,  CO.  Ayr,  a  small  but 
beautiful  affl.  of  the  riv.  Ayr. 

LuGDE,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian 
Westphalia,  27  m.  S.S.E.  Minden.  P. 
3,500. 

LuGG,  a  river  of  Engl.  &  "Wales.  L. 
40  m. 

Lugnaquilla,  a  mountain  of  Ire!., 
Leinster,  co.  Wicklow,  6  m.  S.E.  Donard. 
Height  3,039  feet. 

LuGNY,  a  comra.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  SaOae-et-Loire,  11  m.  N.  Macon. 
P.  1,167. 

Lugo,  a  city  of  Spain,  on  the  Minho, 

48  m.  E.N.E.  Santiago.     P    7,269. 

IT.  a  town  of  Italy.  Fontif.  sta.,  32  m. 
S.S.E.  Ferrara.     P.  9,343. 

LuGOs,  a  mkt.  town  of  S.E.  Hungary, 
CO.  Krasso,  32  m.  E.S.E.  Temesvar.  P. 
6,600. 

LuiNG,  an  isl.  of  Scotl.,  co.  Argyle. 

LujAN,  a  river  of  the  Plata  confedera- 
tion, S.  Amer.,  23  m.  N.W.  Buenos 
Ayres. 

LuKA  &  LuKHOKi,  two  towns  of  the 
Punjab. 

LuKisi,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Greece,  gov. 
Boeotia,  on  the  channel  of  Talanta,  12  m. 
N.N.E.  Thebes. 

LuKKEE  (Northern  &  Southeen),  2 
towns  of  Scinde. 

LuKOJANOv,  a  town  of  Russia,  85  m. 
S.E.  Nijnii-Novgorod,  on  the  Teseha. 
P.  2,220. 

LuKOV,  a  town  of  Poland,  17  m.  S. 
Biedlee.     P.  3,586. 

LuLEA-,  a  navigable  river  of  North 
Sweden,  Isen  Pitea,  enters  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia,  60  m.  S.W.  Tornea,  after  a  S. 
course  of  200  m.    _ 

LuLEA,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden, 
gulf  of  Bothnia,  62  m.  W.S.W.  Tornea. 
P.  1,140. 

LuLLEEANA,  a  vill.  of  the  Punjab,  20 
m.  S.  Lahore. 


LvMBERLAND,  p-t.,  Sullivan  CO.  N.  Y. 
P.  2,635. 

Lumber,  r.,  hx-  Little  Pedee. 

LuMBERTON,  p-v..  Cap.  of  RobesoD  CO. 
N.  C. 

LuMBiER,  a  town  of  Spain,  22  m.  E.S.E. 
Pamplona.     P.  2,143. 

LuMBHALES  &    LUMEHERAS,    twO    mkt. 

towns   of   Spain. 1,  prov.   &  48  m. 

W.S.W.    Salamanca.      P.    2,492. II. 

28  m.  S.  Logroiio.     P.  1,300. 

LuMELLO,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  10  m. 
S.E.  Mortara.     P.  2,150. 

LuMEzzANE,  two  contiguous  vills.  of 
Austrian  Italy,  8  m.  N.  Brescia.  United 
pop.  2,715. 

LuMMEN,  a  eomm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium, 
8  m.  AV.N.W.  Hasselt.     P.  2,891. 

Lumpkin,  N.  co.  Ga.     Area,  700  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Dahlonega.     P.  8,954. II.   p;V., 

cap.'  Stewart  co.  Ga. 

LuNAiRE  (St.),  a  mkt.  town  &  comm. 
of  France,  dep.  Ille-et-Vilaine,  4  m.  W. 
St.  Malo.     P.  1,000. 

LuNANAY,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  63 
m.  E.  Ahmedabad. 

LuNAs,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Herault,  7  m.  W.S.W.  Lodeve.  P. 
1,500. — Lunay  is  a  viil.,  dep.  Loir-et- 
Cher,  6  m.  W.  Vendome.     P.  1,600. 

LuNCAETY,  a  vill.  of  Scotland,  co.  N. 
Perth. 

Lund,  a  city  of  Sweden,  14  m:  N.E. 
Malmo.     P.  4,500. 

LuNDY  Isle,  England,  co.  Devon.  9  m. 
N.N.W.  Hartland  Point. 

LuNDYE,  a  river  of  AfiFghanistan,  12 
m.  N.N.E.  Peshawer. 

LuNB,  a  river  of  England.  L.  50 
miles. 

LCnebueg,  a  town  of  N.W.  Ger- 
many, on   1.  b.  of  the   Ihnenau,    68  m. 

N.N.E.    Hanover.      P.   11,779. II.   a 

marit.  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  cap.  co.,  on 
its  S.E.  coast,  38  m.  S.W.  Halifax. 

LuNEL,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Herault,  14  m.  E.N.E.  Montpellier,  on 
rt.b.  of  the  Yidourle.  P.  5,797.  It  has 
a  eomm.  college,  numerous  brandy  dis^ 
tllleries,  &  an  active  trade  in  Muscat 
wine  &  raisins. 

LiJNEN,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westpha- 
lia, reg.  &  28  m.  N.W.  Arnsberg,  on  the 
Lippe.  Pop.  with  suburb,  Alt-Lunen, 
5,640. 

Lunenburg,  S.  co.  Va.     Area,  410 sq. 

m.    Cap.  Lewistown.     P.  11,692. II. 

t.,   Essex  CO.  Vt.     P.  1,130. III.  t, - 

Worcester  co.  Mass.     P.  1,272. 

LuNEviLLE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Meurthe,  on  theVezonze,  15  m.  S.E. 
Nancy.     P.  12,164. 


luy] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEKR. 


465 


LtTNGA,  an  islet  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Scotlanii,  CO.  Argyle. 

LuNGERN,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Untervvalden,  near  its  S.  extremity,  8  m. 
S.W.  Sarnen.     P.  1,400. 

LuNG-KiANG,  a  river  of  China.  L. 
300  in. 

LuNGRO,  a  town  of  j^aples,  prov.  Ca- 
lab.  Cit.,  dist.  &  6  m.  S.W.  C astro- Villari. 
P.  3,500. 

LuNGWiTZ  (Upper  &  Lower),  two 
contiguous  vills.  of  Saxony,  10  m.W.S.W. 
Chemnitz.     United  pop.  5,140. 

LuNi,  a  ruined  city  of  N.  Italy. II. 

a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  Pyrenees,  prov. 
&  28  m.  N.  Zaragoza.     P.  1,529. 

LuNiGiANA,  a  small  territory  of  Italy. 
Area,  197  sq.m.     P.  55,220. 

LuNZENAu,  a  town  of  Saxony,  12  m. 
N.W.  Chemnitz.     P.  2,737> 

LupsA,  a  market  town  of  Transylva- 
nia, 27  m.  N.W.  Karlsbarg,  with  3,099 
■inhabs. 

LuQUE,  a  modern  town  of  Spain,  30  m. 
S.E,  Cordova.     P.  3,752. 

LuBAY,  p-v.,  cap.  Page  co.  Va.  P. 
400. 

LuRCY,  two  comms.  &  mkt.    towns  of 

France. 1,  {le  Bourg),  dep.  Nievre, 

25  m.  S.E.  Cosne.  P.  1,200.  — II. 
{Levy),  dep.  AUier,  cap.  cant,,  20  m. 
N.W.  Moulins,  with  2,940  inhabs. 

Lure,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Francej  dep. 
H.  Saune,  on  the  Ognon,  16  m.  E.N.E. 
Vesoul.     P.  3,190. 

LuRGAN,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Ulster  CO.  &  15  m.  E.N.E.  Armagh.      P. 

4,677. IL  t.,    Franklin  co.  Pa.     P. 

1,143, 

LuRi,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of  Cor- 
sica, 13  m.  N.  Bastia.     P.  1,662. 

LuHisTAN,  a  div.  of  the  prov.  Irak- 
Ajemi,  W.  Persia. 

LuRO,  a  river  &  small  town  of  Euro- 
pean Turkey. 

LuRROo,  a  town  of  Cashmere,  8  miles 
S.  Islamabad. 

LuRs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Alpes,  6  m.  E.N.E.  Forcalqui'er. 
P.  1,236. 

Los,  a  prov.  of  Beloochistan.  Estim. 
area,  5,200  sq.  m.     P.  60,000. 

LusATiA,  an  old  division  of  Germany. 

Luserna,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  division 
Turin,  prov.  &  8  m.  S.W.  Pinerolo,  cap. 
mand.     P.  1,183. 

LusiGNAN,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Vienne,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Vonne. 
P.  1,482. 

LusiGNY,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Aube,  8  m.  B.S.E.  Troyeg. 
P.  1,000. 

20* 


LussAc,  several  comms.  &  mkt.  towns 

of  Francfe. 1,  dep.  Gironde,  cap.  cant., 

24  m.  E.N.E.  Bordeaux.     P.  2,454. 

II.    (les    Chateaux),   dep.   Vienne,    cap. 

cant.      P.    1,581. III.   {les   Eglises), 

dep.  H.  Vienne,  16  m.  N.N.E.  Bellac. 
P.  1,640. 

LussiN-'PiccoLO,  &  Lussin-Grandb, 
two  towns  of  Illyria,  in  the  island  Lussin. 

1,  cap.  dist.,  on  a  wide  bay.    P.  3,800. 

II.  dist.  &  1  m.  S.E.  L.  Piccolo.     P. 

2,460. 

LusTENAU,  a  vill.  of  Austria,  Tyrol, 
7  m.  S.S.W.  Bregenz.     P.  2,995. 

LtJTENBURG,  a  town  of  Denmark,  58  m. 
N.E.  Gliickstadt.     P.  2,100. 

LuTOMiERSK,  a  town  of  Russian  Po- 
land, on  rt.  b.  of  the  Ner,  27  m.  N.E. 
Sieradz.     P.  1,600. 

Luton,  a  mkt.  town  of  England,  co., 
10  m.  S.E.  Bedford,  on  the  Lea.  P.  5,827. 

LuTRY,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Vaud,  3  m.  E.S.E.  Lausanne.     P.  1,783. 

LiJTscHiNE,  a  river  of  Switzerland,- 
cant.  Bern. 

Lutter-am^Baeenbebge,  a  market 
town  of  Germany,  23  m.  S.S.W.  Bruns- 
wick.    P.  1,064. 

LuTTERBACH,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Rhin.     P.  1,047. 

Lutterworth,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Leicester.     P.  2,531. 

Lutzen,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
reg.  &  9  m.  S.E.  Merseburg.  P.  2,230. 
It  is  memorable  for  the  battle  of  6th 
Nov.,  1632,  in  which  Gustavus  Adolphus 
defeated  the  Austrians,  &  lost  his  life ; 
&  for  that  of  2d  May,  1813,  between  the 
French,  under  Napoleon,  &  the  allied 
Russian  &  Prussian  forces,  in  which  the 
latter  were  defeated. 

LuTZK,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland. 
P.  3,650. 

Luxembourg  (Grand  Duchy  of),  a 
state  of  Europe,  bounded  E.  &  N.E.  by 
Rhenish  Prussia,  S.  by  France,  &  W.  by 
Namur  (Belgium).  It  was  annexed  to 
Belgium,  but  dismembered  by  the  Revo- 
lution of  1830,  &  in  1839,  divided  be- 
tween Belgium  &  the  Netherlands. 

Luxemburg,  a  strongly  fortified  town 
of  the  Netherlands,  cap.  duchy  Luxem- 
burg, on  the  Alzette,  17  m.  E.S.E.  Arlon. 
P.  12,000. 

LuxEuiL,  a  coram.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.-Sawne,  10  m.  N.W.  Lure.'  P. 
3,402. 

Luxor,  a  vill.  of  Upp.  Egypt,  on  r.  b. 
of  the  Nile. 

Luynes,  a  comm.  &,  town  of  France, 
det).  Indre-et- Loire,  5  m.  W.  Tours.  P. 
2,000. 


466 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[mac 


LuzA,  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the  Jug, 
an  affl.  of  the  Dvina.     L.  200  miles. 

LuzARCHEs,  &  LuzECH,  two  comms.  & 

towns    of  Friince. ^I.    dep.  Seine-et- 

Oise.     P.   1,432. II.   dep.   Lot,    8  m. 

W.N.W.  Cahors.     P.  1,6.10. 

Luz  EN  Barr^iges,.  a  eomm.  &  town 
of  Franee,  dep.  H.  Pyrenees,  11m.  S.S.E. 
Argeles.     P.  2,640. 

Luzerne,   N.E.  co.    Pa.     Area,   1,340 

sq.  m.    Cap.  AVilkesbarre.  P.  56,072. 

IL  t,  Fayette  co.  Pa.     P.  1,715. III. 

p-t.,  Warren  co.  Ky.     P.  1,284. 

Luzon,  the  most  N.  &  largest  of  the 
Philippine  isls.,  E.  archipelago.  Estim. 
area,  56,600sq.  m. ;  of  the  Spanish  por- 
tion, 31,700  sq.  m.  P.  2,264,800.  Shape 
very  irregular  ;  shores  rocky,  &  indented 
by  numerous  bays,  the  principal  being 
the  bay  of  Manila,  on  its  W.  coast.  N.  of 
Manila  is  an  extensive  &  fertile  plain, 
on  which  rice  &  tobacco  are  extensively 
grown. 

LuzY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Nievre,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,394. 

LuzzARA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Parma,  4  m. 
N.  Gruastalla,  near  the  Po. 

Luzzi,  a  town  of  Naples,  11  m.  N. 
Cosenza.     P.  2,700. 

Lyaree,  a  marit.  town  of  Beloochistan, 
prov.  Lus,  about  20  m.  from  the  Indian 
ocean. 

Lychen,  a  town  of  Prussia,  48  m.  N". 
Berlin.     P.  1,970. 

Lycoming,  t.,  Lycoming  co.   Pa.     P. 

1,917. II.  N.  CO.  Pa.     Area,  1,600  sq. 

m.     Cap.  Williamsport.     P.  26,257. 

Lydd,  a  market  town  of  England,  co. 
Kent. 

Lydoch  (Loch),  Scotland,  co.  Perth, 
in  the  moor  of  Rannoch,  6  ni.  E.  Kings- 
house.     L.  7  m. 

Lygkumklostee,  a  town  of  Denmark, 
cap.  dist.,  19  m.  W.  Apenrade.    P.  1,200. 

Lykens,  t.,  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  P.  1,409. 
-    Lyman,  t.,  Grafton  co.  N.  H.    P.  1,480. 

Lyme,  t,  Grafton  co.  N.  H.     P.  1,617. 

II.  t.,  New  London  co.  Conn.,  on  the 

B.  side  of  Conn,  r.,  at  its  mouth.  P.  4,050. 

III.  t.,  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.    P.  2,919. 

IV.  t.,  Huron  co.  0.     P.  1,320. 

Lyme-Regis,  a  seaport  town  of  Engl., 
co;  Dorset,  on  the  small  river  Lyme,  22 
m.  W.  Dorchester. 

Lymington,  a  seaport  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Hants,  in  the  New  Fore^. 

Lynchburg,  p-v.,  Campbell  co.  Va., 
on  James  riv.,  116  m.  "W.  by  S.  of  Rich- 
mond. P.  8,071.  A  great  tobacco 
mart. 

Lyndeborough,  t.,  Hillsboro'  co.  N.  H. 
P.  1,032. 


Lyndhurst,  a  large  vill.  of  England, 
CO.  Hants.    P.  1,380. 

Lyndon,  t.,  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  P.  1,753. 

Lyne,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  Peebles. 

Lyngbye,  a  mkt.  town  of  Denmark,  in 
the  isl.  Seeland,  7  m.  N.N.W.  Copen- 
hagen. 

Lynn,  t.,  Essex  co.  Mass.,  9  m.  N.E. 
Boston,  OQ  the  ocean.  Lynn  is  celeb, 
for  its  manufacture  of  ladies'  shoes,  pro- 
ducing  near    3,000,000  pairs  annually. 

P.  14,257. II.  t.,  Lehigh  co.  Pa.     P. 

1,895. 

Lynn-Regis,  a  pari.  &  munic.  bor., 
seaport,  &  town  of  England,  co.  Norfolk, 
on  the  E.  side  of  the  estuary  of  the  Great 
Ouse,  9  m.  from  the  N.  sea. 

Lyon,  a  city  of  France,  cap.  dep. 
Rhone,  on  the  Rhone  &  SaOne.  P.  159,783. 

Altitude  532  feet. -II.  t.,  Oakland  co. 

Mich.     P.  1,206. 

Lyons,  p-t.,  cap.  Wayne  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
4,925. 

Lyons-la-Foret,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Eure,  11  m.  N.E.  Andelys. 
P.  1,650. 

Lys,  a  river  of  France  &  Belgium. 
L.  100  m. 

Lys  (St.),  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Garonne,  cap.  cant.,  7  m. 
N.W.  Muret.     P.  1,223. 

Lysander,  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  5,833. 

Lyskova,  a  town  of  Russia,  45  m. 
E.S.E.  Nijnii-Novgorod.     P.  4,000. 


M. 


Maad,  a  town  of  N.  Hungary,  in  the 
Hegyalla  mntns.     P.  5,644. 

Maarsen,  &  St.  Maartensdyke,  2 

^^Ils.  of  the  Netherlands. 1.5  m.  N.W. 

Utrecht. II.  prov.  Zeeland,  island,  &  6 

m.  W.N.W.  Tholen. 

Maasland,  &  Maaslius,  2  contigu- 
ous vills.  of  the  Nethds.,  10  m.  W.  Rot- 
terdam. 

Maat,  a  town  of  British  India,  35  m. 
N.W.  Agra. 

Mabrook,  a  town  of  Central  Africa, 
Sahara,  200  m.  N.E.  Timbuctoo. 

Macacu,  a  river  of  Brazil. 

Macahe,  a  seaport  town  of  Brazil, 
prov.  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

Macaire  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,   dep.   Gironde,  on  the  Garonne, 

9  m.  W.  La  Reole.     P.  1,540. IL  a 

comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Maine-et-Loire.  P. 
2,070. 

Macans,  two  contiguous  vills.  of  Por- 


mac] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


467 


tugal,   Estremadura,    17  m.,    &   M.  de 
Dona  Maria  18  m.,  N.E.  Thomar. 

Macao,  a  seaport  town  of  the  Portu- 
guese in  China,  on  a  penins.  of  the  isl. 
Macao,  at  the  S.W.  entrance  of  the  Can- 
ton river,  70  m.  S.S.E.  Canton.  Lat.  of 
flag  staff,  22°  11'  4"  N.,  Ion.  113°  32'  E. 

P.  30.000,  mostly  Chinese. II.  a  town 

of  Portugal,    85  m.    N.E.   Lisbon.      P. 
2,200. 

Macapa,  a  town  &  fort  of  Brazil,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Amazon.     P.  6,000. 

Macaesca,  a  small  seaport  town  of 
Dalmatia,  34  m.  S.E.  Spalatro,  on  the 
Adriatic.     P.  1,800. 

Macarthur,  a  river  of  jST.  Australia, 
flows   into  the  Gt.  of  Carpentaria  on  its 

S.W.  side. II.  a  river  in  the  S.   of 

Australia,  Victoria,  flows  from  the  Aus- 
tralian Alps  into  L.  King. rlll.  a  riv.. 

New  South  Wales. — Maearthur  isles  are 
off  N.E.  Australia. 

Macarthy  Island,  an  isl.  of  W.  Afri- 
ca, in  the  Gambia  river. 

Macassar,  the  chief  town  of  govern- 
ment of  same  name,  &  a  Dutch  settle- 
ment of  the  Asiatic  archipelago,  on  the 
S.W.  peninsula  of  the  island  Celebes.  Its 
territory  comprises  about  5^000  sq.  m. 
P.  150,000. — The  strait  of  Macassar  sep- 
arates  the  islands  Borneo  &  Celebes ;  b. 
from  70  to  240  m. 

Macau,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Gironde,  11  m.  N.  Bordeaux. 
P.  1,526. 

Macayo,  a  marit.  town  of  Brazil,  on 
the  Atlantic.     P.  5,000. 

Maccagno-Superioee,  &  Inferiore, 

2  vill.s.  of  Austrian  Italy. 1,  deleg.  & 

24  m.N.W.  Como,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Giona. 

II.  same  prov.  on   opp.  side  of  the 

river. 

Macclesfield,  a  manuf.  town  of 
Engl.,  CO.  Chester,  17  m.  S.S.E.  Manches- 
ter. P. 63,322. II.  tnshp.of S.Austra- 
lia, on  the  Angas  river. 

MacCracken.  W.  CO.  Ky.  Area, 
200  sq.m.     Cap.' Paducah.     P.  6,067. 

MacDonald,  p-v.,  cap.  Eandolph  co. 
Ala. II. p-v.,  cap.  Barry  co.  Mo. 

MacDonough,  W.  CO.  111.  Area,  576 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Macomb.     P.  7,616.— —II. 

p-t.,  Chenango  eo.  N.  Y.     P.  1,522.- 

III.  p-v.,  cap.  Henry  eo.  Ga.     P.  800. 

MagDowell,  co.,'N.  C.     p.  6.246. 

Macduff,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotl.,  co. 
&  1  m.  E.  Banff. 

M^cEDON,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.  N.  T.  P. 
2,384. 

Macerata,  a  city  of  Central   Italy, 

Pontif,  sta.     P.  16.030. 11.  (M.  Fel- 

iria),  avill.,-11  m.N.W.Urbino.  P.  1,370. 


Macgillicuddy  Reeks,  the  loftiest 
mountain  range  in  Ireland,  Munster,  co. 
Kerry.  Height  of  Carrantual,  the  high- 
est peak,  3,404  feet. 

Machecoul,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Loire  Inf,  19  m.  S.W. 
Nantes.     F.  1,762. 

Macheenwara,  a  town  of  N.W.  Hin- 
dostan,  4  m.  S.  of  the  Sutleje. 

MacHenry,  N.E.  CO.  Ill,  Area,  960 
sq.  m.  P.  14,979. — Mcllenry  the  cap.  is 
on  Fox  r. 

Macherla-,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras,  dist.  &  70  m.  W.  Gun- 
toor. 

Macherry,  a  state  of  Hindostan,  most- 
ly enclosed  by  the  territ.  Jeypoor. 
Area,  3,235  sq.  m. 

Machiana,  a  small  isl.  of  Brazil,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Amazon  riv. 

Machias,  port  of  entry  &  cap.  Wash- 
ington CO.  Me.,  121  m.  E.  by  N.  Augusta, 

Exports   lumber.     P.   1,905. II.  p-t., 

Cattaraugus  co.  N.  Y.     P.  1,085. 

Machiasport,  p-t.,  &  port  of  entry, 
Washington  co.  Me.     P.  834. 

Machine   (La),    a  comm.  &   market 
town  of  France,  dep.  Nievre.     P.  1,760. 
Machnovka,  a  town  of  Russia,  94  m. 
S.W.  Kiev,  cap.  circ.     P.  4,700. 

Machynlleth,  a  town  of  N.  Wales, 
CO.  &  32  m.  E.N.E.'  Montgomery. 
Macia,  t.,  Valencia  co.  New  Mexico. 
Macintosh,  S.E.  co.  Ga.     Area,  600 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Darien.     P.  6,128. 

MacKban,  N.W.  CO.  Pa.     Area,  1,470 

sq.  m.  -  C;ip.   Smitliport.      P.  5,254.' 

II.  p-t.,  Erie  co.  Pa.     P.  1,714. III. 

t..  Licking  CO.  0.     P.  1,317. 

Mackenzie,  a  river  of  British  N. 
Amer.,  N.W.  territory,  rises  in  the  Great 
Slave  lake,  flows  mostly  N.W.,  &  after  a 
course,  estim.  at  900  m.,  enters  the  Arc- 
tie  ocean. II.  a  river  of  N.  Australia. 

— Mackenzie  Isls.  are  a  group,  N.  Pa- 
cific.— Point  Mackenzie  is  a  cape  in 
Cook's  inlet,  Russian  America. 

Mackinac,  or  Mackinaw,  a  vill., 
Michigan,  cap.  co.  &  on  the  Mackinac  (or 
Michili  Mackinac)  isl.,  in  the  strait  of 
that  name,  between  lakes  Michigan  & 
Huron.     It  has  an  active  trade  in  furs 

&   fish. II.   CO.,    upper  peninsula  of 

Mich.     P.  3,508.     Cap.  t.  of  same  name. 

III.  r.,  br.  of  the  111. 

MacLean,  N.E.  CO.  111.  Cap.  Bloom- 
ington.  Area,  1,296  square  miles.  P. 
10,163. 

MacLeansboeough,  p-v.,  cap.  Hamil- 
ton .co.  111. 

Macleay,  a  navigable  river  of  E. 
Australia. 


468 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[mad 


Macleod,  a  lake  of  British  N. 
Amer. 

MacMinn,  S.E.  CO.  Tenn.  Area,  608 
sq.  m.    Cap.  Athens.    P.  13,906. 

McMiNviLLE,  p-v.,  cap.  "Warren  co. 
Tenn. 

McISTairy,  S."W.  Tenn.  Area,  960  sq. 
m.     Cap.  Purdy.     P.  21,864. 

Macnean  (Upper  Sc  Lower),  2  lakes 
of  Ireland,  Ulster  &  Connaught. 

Macomb,  E.  co.  Mich.  Area,  485  sq. 
m.  Cap.  Mount  Clemens.  P.  15,530. 
II.  p-v.,  cap.  McDonough  co.  111. 

III.  t.,  Macomb  co.  Mich.     P.  1,000. 
Macon,  W.  co.  N.  C.     Area,  900  sq.  m. 

Cap.   Franklin.      P.  6,339. II.  S.W. 

CO.  Ga.     Area,  420  sq.  m.     Cap.  Lanier. 

P.  7,052. III.  E.  CO.  Ala.     Area,  970 

sq.  m.      Cap.  Tuskegee.     P.  26,898. 

IV.  a  central  co.  111.     Area,  1,400  sq.  m. 

Cap.   Decatur.      P.  3,988. V.  N.  co. 

Mo.     Area,  846  sq.  m.     Cap.  Bloomiag- 

ton.     P.  6,565. VI.  co.,  Middle  Tenn. 

P.  6,948. VII.  city  &  cap.  Bibb  co. 

Ga.,  30  m.  S.W.  Milledgeville,  on  the 
Oekmulgee  r.,  at  the  head  of  steamboat 
nav.     Ships  a  vast  amount  of  cotton.     P. 

4,982. VIII.   p-v.,    &   cap.   Noxubee 

CO.  Miss. IX.  p  t.,  Lenawee  co.  Mich. 

P.  1,146. 

Macoupin  co.,  111.,  br.  of  the  111.  r. 

II.  S.W.  CO.  111.     Area,  864  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Carlinville.     P.  12,355. 

Macowal,  a  town  of  British  India, 
Punjab,  40  m.  N.E.  Loodianah. 

Macquaehie,  a  CO.  of  New  S.Wales, 
having  S.  the  Manning  river.  Area, 
2,800  sq.  m.  P.  1,973.  Lakes  numer- 
ous,   but    small. II.    a    considerable 

river  of  E.  Australia.     L.  280  m. 

III.  a  river  of  Tasmania  (Van  Diemen's 
Land),  flows  N.  through  the  co.  Somer- 
set, &  joins  Lake  river. IV.  {Harbor), 

Tasmania  (Van  Diemen's  Land)  is  on  its 
W.  coa.5t.— {Island),  S.  Pacific.  L.  25 
m. ;  br.  4  m. — {Lake),  E.  Australia,  New 
S.  Wales,  CO.  Northumberland. — {Moun- 
tains), a   range,  W.  of  this  colony. 

V.  {Port),    a  harbor  of  E.  Australia, 

190   m.   N.N.E.    Sydney. VL    New 

Zealand,  i«  an  inlet  of  Foveaux  strait,  at 
the  S.  extremity  of  the  Middle  isl. — 
Macrigny  is  a  vill.  of  European  Turkey, 
on  the  sea  of  Marmora,  2  m.  from  Con- 
stantinople. 

Macroom,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  co.  W.  Cork,     P.  4,794. 

Mactan,  a  small  isl.  of  the  Philip- 
pines, Asiatic  archip. 

Macugnaga,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  near 
the  head  of  the  Val  d'Anzasca,  19  m. 
S.W.  Dome  d'Ossola. 


Madagascar,  an  island  of  the  Indian 
ocean,  separated  from  the  S.E.  coast  of 
Africa  by  the  channel  of  Mozambique, 
situated  between  lat.  11°  57'  (C.  Amber) 
&  25°  38'  (C.  St.  Mary)  S.,  &  Ion.  43° 
20'  (C.  St.  Vincent)  &,  50°  31'  (C.  East) 
E.  L.  1,030  m.,  gr.  br.  350  m.  P.  from 
1,600,000  to  4,000,000.  Surface  flat  on 
the  coasts,  but  in  the  interior  elevated 
mountains  divide  the  island  into  numer- 
ous well-watered  valleys.  Climate  hot 
on  the  coasts,  temperate  in  the  interior, 
but  everywhere  unfavorable  to  Euro- 
peans. The  inhabitants  consist  of  Malag- 
ashes,  Ovas,  &  other  tribes  of  Papuan, 
Malay,  Arabian,  & .  Kafir  origin.  The 
island  is  divided  into  28  provs.,  each  hav- 
ing; a  chief  subject  to  one  of  the  Ovas, 
with  the  title  of  king,  whose  cap.,  Tana- 
narive, is  situate  near  the  centre  of  the 
isl.  Tamatave  is  the  chief  commercial 
town . 

Madain,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
20  m.  S.E.  Bagdad,  on  the  1.  bank  of  the 
Tigris.    , 

Madapollam,  a  marit.  town  of  British 
India,  presid  Madras. 

Madaeasz,  a  market  town  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  Szabolcz,  12  m.  W.S.W.  Sze- 
gedin.     P.  7,517. 

■  Madawaska,  t.,  Aroostook,  Me.     Part 
of  this  place  is  in  Canada. 

Maddalena  (La),  an  island  off  the 
N.  coast  of  Sr.rdinia.     P.  1,200. 

Maddaloni,  a  city  of  Naples,  prov. 
T.  di  Lavoro,  15  m.  N.N.E.  Naples.  P. 
11,700. 

Maddehjee,  a  considerable  vill.  of 
Seinde. 

Maddy  (Loch),  a  large  bay  of  Scot!., 
in  the  Hebrides. 

Madeira  Isles,  a  group  in  the  At- 
lantic ocean,  belonging  to  Portugal,  from 
the  S.W.  coast  of  which  they  are  distant 
660  m.  S.W.  They  consist  of  the  isls. 
Madeira  &  Porto  Santo,  &  the  islets 
called  the  Desertas,  situated  between 
lat.  32°  23'  15"  &  33°  7'  50"  N..  &  Ion. 
16°  13'  30"  &  16°  38'  W.  The  largest 
isl.,  Madeira,  is  31  m.  long  &  12  m. 
broad.  P.  100,000.  Cap.  Funchal.  Cli- 
mate remarkably  equable,  &  celebrated 
for  its  salubrity,  on  which  account  nu- 
merous visitors,  aflicted  with  disease  of 
the  lungs,  constantly  resort  to  Madeira. 
The  soil,  which  on  the  S.  side  extends  2J 
m.  inland,  is  well  watered,  &  extremely 
productive.  The  vine  is  the  chief  ar- 
ticle of  cultivation. 

Madeira,  a  river  of  S.  Amer.,  Brazil. 
L. 800  m. 

Madelev,  a  market  town  of  England, 


.i»«M'^"' 


mad] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


469 


CO.  Salop,  on  the  Severn,  14  m.  E.S.E. 
Shrewsbury.     P.  7,368. 

Madhajhajpoor,  atown  of  Hindostan, 
dom.  &  24  in.  S.S.B.  Jeypoor. 

Madion,  a  Dutch  re.'^idency  of  the  isl. 
Java,  on  its  S.  coast,  with  a  town  of  same 
name.     P.  270,000. 

Madiran,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Pyrenees,  23  m.  N.N.W.  Tarbes. 
P.  1,300. 

Mapison,   a  W.  CO.  N.  Y.     Area,  5S2 

sq.  m.     Cap.  Morrisville.    P.  43,072. 

II.  a  N.E.  CO.  Va.  Area,  330  sq.  m.  P. 
9,331.— 3Iadison  the  cap.  is  97  m.  N.W. 

Richmond. III.  S.E.  co.  Ga.     Area, 

250  sq.m.     Cap.  Danielsville.     P.  5,603. 

IV.  a  central  co.  Fla.     P.  5,496.— 

Madison,  p-v.,  is  the    cap. V.  N.  co. 

Ala.     Area,  760  sq.  m.     Cap.  Huntsville. 

P.  26,427. VI.  S.W.  CO.  Miss.     Area, 

548  sq.m.     Cap.  Contar.     P.  18,173. 

VII.  N.E.  pa..  La.  -Area,  800  sq.m.  Cap. 

Richmond.     P.  3,773. VIII.    W.   co. 

Tenn.     Area,  &70  sq.  m.     Cap.  Jackson. 

P.  21,470. IX.  a  central  CO.  Ky.  Area, 

520  sq.  m.     Cap.  Richmond.     P.  15,727. 

X.  S.W.  CO.  0.     Area,  400  square  m. 

Cap.  London.      P.   10,015. XI.    N.E. 

CO.  la.  Area,  390  sq.  m.  Cap  Anderson- 
town.     P.  12,375. XII.   S.W.  CO.  111. 

Area,  760  sq.  m.   Cap.  Edwardsville.     P. 

20,436. XIII.  S.E.  CO.  Mo.     Area,  780 

sq.  m.  Cap.  Fjederictown.    P.  6,003. 

XIV.  N.W.  CO.  Ark.     Area,  1,050  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Sevierville.      P.  4,323. XV.   co. 

Iowa.     P.    1,179. XVI.  t.,    Somerset 

CO.   Me.      P.    1,701. XVII.   t.,    New 

Haven   co.   Conn.     P.   1,788. XVIII. 

p-t.,   Madison  co.  N.  Y.     P.  2,405.^ 

XIX.  t.,  Columbia  co.  Pa.     P.  1,700. 

XX.  t.,  Armstrong  co.  Pa.     P.  1,365. 

XXI.  t.,  Perry  co.  Pa.  P.  1  299. XXII 

p-t..  Lake  CO.  Ohio.   P.  2,800. XXIII. 

t.,  Clark  CO.  Ohio.  P.  1,115. XXIV.  t., 

Columbiana  co.  0.     P.    1,474. XXV. 

t.,  Butler  CO.  0.     P.  1,935. XXVL  t., 

Fayette  co.  0.     P.  800. XXVIl.    t., 

.Franklin  co.  0.     P.  1,810. -XXVIII. 

t.,  Fairfield  co.  0.     P.  1,102. XXIX. 

t.,  Guernsey  co.  0.     P.  1,222. XXX. 

t,  Licking  CO.   0.     P.  1,119. XXXI. 

t.,- Highland  CO.  0-    P.  1,966. XXXIL 

t..  Perry  co.  0.    P.  1,167. XXXIII. 

p-v.,   cap.    Morgan  co.  Ga. XXXIV. 

city  &  cap.,  Jefferson  co.  la.,  88  m.  S.S.E. 
Indianapolis,  on  the  Ohio  river.     Exports 

pork.     P.  8,508. XXXV.  t..  Putnam 

CO.  la.     P.  1,071. XXX VI.  p-v.,  cap. 

state  of  Wis.,  90  m.  W.  Milwaukie.  It  is 
beautifully  situated  between  the  3d  &  4th 
lake  of  the  Four  Lakes.  Its  growth  is 
most  rapid.    P.  1,525, XXXVII,  t , 


Polk  CO.  Mo.     P.  1,000. XXXVIII.  t., 

Montgomery  CO.  0.  P.  1,594. XXXIX. 

t.,  Muskingum  co.  0.     P.  1,070. XL. 

t.,  Richland  co.  0.     P.  1,878. XLI.  t., 

Lenawee  co.  Mich.     P.    1,067. 

Madison  Springs,  p-v.,  Madison  co. 
Ga. 

Madisonville,  p-v.,  cap.  Hopkins  co. 
Ky. 

Madjerydroog,  a  town  of  S.  India,  62 
m.  W.N.W.  Bangalore. 

Madjicosima  Isls.,  an  archipelago  in 
the  Pacific  ocean,  between  Formosa  & 
the  Loo-choo  isls.     P.  11,238. 

JMadonian  Mountains,  a  group  in 
Sicily. 

Madras  (Presidency  of),  one  of  the 
great  divisions  of  British  India,  com- 
prising the  S.  portion  of  Hindostan,  be- 
tween lat.  8°  &  20°  N.,  &  Ion.  73°  &  85° 
E.,  having  N.  &  N.W,  the  presids.  Ben- 
gal," Bombaj',  &  the  Nagpoor  &  Berar 
doms.,  &  enclosing  the  territories  My- 
sore &  Travancore.  Area,  130,888  sq. 
m.     P.  14,894,851. 

Madras,  a  maritime  city  of  British 
India,  cap.  above  presid.,  on  the  Coro- 
mandel  coast,  lat.  of  observatory  13°  4' 
1"  N.,  Ion.  80°  14'  E.  P.  of  its  dist.  of 
30  sq.  m  ,  630,000  persons,  of  whom,  the 
city  &  suburbs,  within  2i  m.  around  Fort 
George,  comprise  from  300,000  to  400,- 
000.  It  is  badly  situated  for  a  commer- 
cial cap.,  on  a  surf-beaten  shore,  where 
rafts  (catamarans)  are  obliged  to  be  used 
to  land  passengers  &  all  kinds  of  mer- 
chandise. Madras  is  the  seat  of  a  uni- 
versity &  a  medical  college.  Madras  is 
the  seat  of  all  the  chief  government  offi- 
ces for  the  presid.,  of  the  supreme  court, 
boards  of  revenue,  admiralty,  education, 
&c. 

Madre-de-Dios  Archipelago,  W, 
Patagonia. 

Madrid,  a  city  of  S.,  Europe, -cap.  of 
the  kingdom  of  Spain,  &  of  the  prov. 
Madrid,  near  the  centre  of  the  peninsula, 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Manzanares,  &  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  table-land  of  Castile,  1,995  feet 
above  the  sea.  Lat.  40°  24'  57"  N.,  Ion. 
3°  41'  51"  W.  P.  216,740.  Madrid  is 
situated  in  an  arid  plain,  &  its  provisions 
have  to  be  brought  from  a  distance  ;  it  is 
subject  to  extreme  changes  of  tempera- 
ture. The  city  is  surrounded  by  a  brick 
wall  with  15  gates,  the  finest  of  which  are 
those  of  Alcala,  San  Vicente,  &  Toledo. 
It  has  a  college  with  a  faculty  of  theol- 
ogy ;  schools  of  medicine  &  veterinary 
surgery,  school  of  engineers,4nilitary  col- 
lege, conservatories  of  arts  &  trades,  & 
of  , music;  a  national  library  of -130,000 


iTO 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[ma» 


vols.,  &  numerous  MSS. ;  an  astronomi- 
cal observatory,  botanic  garden,  &  the 

academy  of  Spain,  founded  in  1713. 

II.   p-t.,    St.   Lawreiice    co.   N.  Y.     P. 
4,856. 

Madridejos,  a  town  of  Spain,  40  m. 
S.E.  Toledo.    P.  5,156. 

Madrigal,  a  town   of  Spain,  35   m. 
N.N.W.  Avila.     P.  2,050 
'  Mad,  r.,  0.  br.  of  the  Great  Miami. 

Mad  River,  t..  Champaign  co.  0.  P. 
1,894. II.  t.,  Clarli  co.  0.    P.  1,340. 

MadeoSera,  a  town  of  Spain,  32  m. 
E.  Caceres.     P.  1,964. 

Madura,  an  island  of  the  Malay  archi- 
pelago, immediately  N.E.  of  Java.  Area, 
1,330  sq.  m.     P.  280,000. 

Madura  &  Dinuigul,  a  dist.  of  Brit. 
India,  presid.  Madras,  near  the  S.  ex- 
tremity of  India,  having  E.  the  gulf  of 
Manaar,  &  landward  Travancore,  &  the 
dists.  Tinuevelly,  Coimbatoor,  Trichino- 
poly,  &  Tanjore.  Area,  7,656  sq.  m.  P. 
1,135,411.  Surface  mntnous.  in  the  N. 
&  W.,  elsewhere  level  &  highly  produc- 
tive.— Madura,  cap.  of  above  dist.,  is  a 
fortified  city,  presid.  &  270  m.  S.W.  Ma- 
dras. 

M.s;ander,  a  river,  Asia-Minor. 

Mjelar  (Lake),  an  extensive  lake  of 
E.  Sweden,  stretching  inland  from  the 
Baltic,  for  about  70  m.  Br.  2  to  23  m., 
&  it  contains  1,300  islands. 

Mael-Carhaix,  a  eomm.  &  vill.  of 
Frflnce,  dep.  Cotes  du  Nord.     P.  2,013. 

Maellas,  &  Santa  Susana,  a  town 
of  Spain,  prov.  Zaragoza.     P.  2,945. 

Maeseyck,  a  town  of  Belgium,  20  m. 
N.E.  Hasselt,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Meuse.  P. 
4,000. 

Maestricht,  a  strongly  fortified  town 
of  the  Netherlands,  cap.  duchy  of  Lim- 
burg,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Maese,  which  sepji- 
rates  it  from  its  sub.  Wyck,  &  at  the  head 
of  a  branch  railway  to  Cologne,  110  m. 
S.E.  Amsterdam.     P.  31,000. 

M'afra,  a  to!vn  of  Portugal,  near  the 
Atlantic,  18  miles  N.W.  Lisbon.  P. 
3,000. 

Magadino,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Ticino. 

Magadoxo,  a  marit.  town  of  E.  Africa, 
cap.  a  state,  &  the  chief  commercial  en- 
trepot between  C.  Gardafui  &  the  riv. 
Juba,  on  the  Indian  ocean.     P.  4,000. 

Magalhaens  (Strait  of),  divides  the 
continent  of  S.  Amer.  from  the  isl.Tierra 
del  Euego.     P.  300. 

Magdala,  a  vill.   of  Palestine,  pash. 
Acre,  on  tlft  W.  side  of  the  lake  of  Ti- 
berias. 
^    Magdalen    (Channel    or    Sound), 


Ticrra  del  Fuego,  is  a  branch  of  the 
strait  of  Magalhaens,  between  Clarence 
&  Dawson  isls.  Ofif  its  S.E.  coast  is  Mt. 
Sarmiento,  7,000  feet  in  height,  &  on  its 
W.  side  is  a  tolerable  harbor. — {Islands), 
a  group,  G.  of  St.  Lawrence. 

Magdalena,  the  most  N.  dep.  of  New 
Granada,  S.  Amer.,  having  E.  Venezuela, 
&  N.  the  Caribbean  sea.    Estimated  area, 

nearly  54,000  sq.  m.,  &  p.  337,000. 11. 

a  river  of  S.  Asner.,  &  next  to  the  Ori- 
noco, the  principal  in  New  Granada,  en- 
ters the  Caribbean  sea.  Total  course  es- 
tim.  at  800  m. — ^— III.  a  river  of  Bolivia, 
also  called  the  Ubahy,  jo'ms  the  Guapore. 

IV.  the  most  S.   of  the  Marquesas 

isls.,  Pacific  ocean.     It  has  a  harb.  on  its 

S.  side. V.  an  island  of  Senegambia, 

near  the  coast,  S.  of  Cape  Verd. VI. 

a  bay,  Lr.  California. VII.  a  cavern, 

lUyria,  Carinthia.  3  m.  from  the  cavern 
of  Adelsberg. — Santa  Magdalena  is  a 
bay  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Malta. 

Magdeburg,  a  fortified  town  of  Prus- 
sia, cap.  prov.  Saxony,  80  m.  W.S.W. 
Berlin,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Elbe.  P.  54,500. 
Its  citadel  is  built  on  an  island  in  the 
river,  &  it  is  one  of  the  strongest  fortifi- 
cations in  Germany. 

Mage,  a  town  of  Brazil,  16  m.  E.N.E. 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  on  river  Mage. 

Magenta,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy, 
24  m.  N.W.  Pavia.     P.  4,000. 

Mageroe,  an  isl.  of  the  Arctic  ocean, 
belonging  to  Norway. 

Maggeri,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  My- 
sore dom.,  22  m.  W.  Bangalore. 

MAGHERA,.a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Ulster,  CO.  Londonderry. 

Magherafelt,  a  mkt.  town  of  Irel., 
Ulster,  CO.  Londonderry.    P.  1,560. 

Maghribee,  a  considerable  vill.  of 
Scinde.     P.  5,000. 

Magistere  (La), a  comm.  &  mkt.  towij 
of  France,  dep.  Tara-et-Garonne.  P. 
1,848. 

Magliano,  several  vills.  &  a  town  of 

Italy. 1.  Pontif.  sta.  P.  1,380. II. 

Naples,  prov.  AbruzzoUlt.  II.     P.  1,400. 

III.   (Grande),  a  town  of   Naples, 

36  rn.  S.E.  Salerno.    P.  3,000. IV.  {di 

Mondavi),  Piedmont,  5  m.  N.W.  Mon- 
dovi.     P.  1,518. 

Maglie,  a  city  of  Naples,  prov.  Otran- 
to,  19  m.  E.N.E.  Gallipoli.     P.  3,400. 

Magnac-Laval,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Vienne,  9  m.  N.E.  Bellac 

P.  1,108. II.  Magnacle  Bourg  is  a 

mkt.  town,  same  dep.,  11  miles  N.E.  St. 
Yriex.     P.  1,420; 

Magne,  &  ALiGNi,  a  market  town  & 
&vill.of  France. 1,  dep.  Deux-Sevres, 


MAl] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


411 


4  m   W.   Niort.    P.   1,316. II.    dep. 

Orne.     P.  2,892. 

Magnetical  Island,  an  isl.  oflf  the  E. 
coast  of  Australia,  in  Halifax  bay. 

Magnus  (Bay  of  St.),  a  spacious  bay 
on  the  W.  coast  of  the  mainland  of  Shet- 
land, Scotland. 

Magny.  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  11m.  N.  Mantes.  P. 
1,300. 

Magoo,  a  town  of  Persia.  56  m.  N.N.W. 
Khoi. 

Magra,  a  river  of  N.  Italy. 

Magstadt,  a  mkt.  town  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  11  miles  W.S.W.  Stuttgart.  P. 
1,937. 

Maguelonne,  a  lagoon  of  S.  France, 
dep.  Herault.     L.  17  miles. 

Mahaealipooe,  &  Mahabalipooham, 

two  towns  of  British  India.- 'I.  presid. 

Bengal. II.  presid.,  dist.  &  35  m.  S. 

Madras. 

Mahableshwur  Hills,  a  convales- 
cent station  of  British  India,  80  m.  S.E. 
Bombay. 

Mahantango,  river,  .Pa.,  br.  of  the 
Susquehanna. 

Mahanuddy,  a  considerable  river  of 
India,  after  an  E.  course  of  500  m.,  enters 
the  bay  of  Bengal. 

Maharajegunge,  a  town  of  British 
India,  35  m.  N.E.  Purneah. — Maharaj- 
guns;e  is  a  town,  Bundelcund. 

Mahavillygunga,  the  principal  river 
of  Ceylon. 

Mahe,  a  town  of  India,  belonging  to 
the  French,  on  the  Malabar  coast,  38  m. 
N.N.W.  Calicut.    P.  3,200 

Mahebourg,  a  town  of  the  Mauritius, 
on  its  S.E.  coast,  with  a  good  harbor. 

Maheidpoor,  a  town  of  Hindostan, 
22  m.  N.  Oojein. 

Mahim,   a  town  of  British  India,   on 

the   island  of  Bombay. II.  a   town, 

W.N.W.  Delhi. 

Mahkatah,  CO.  Minnesota.     P.  158. 

Mahlbebg,  a  town  of  Baden,  2|  m. 
N.E.  Ettenbeim.     P.  1,688. 

Mahmudpoor,  a  town  of  British  India, 
95  m.  N.E.  Calcutta. 

JMahoba,  an  angient  ruined  town  of 
Hindostan. 

Mahomed-Khan-Ka-Tanda,  a  town 
of  Seinde. 

Mahon,  cap.  town  of  Minorca. 

Mahon,  a  town  of  Persia,  22  m.  E. 
Kirman. 

Mahona,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  34  m. 
S.W.  Gwalior. 

Mahoning,  town,  Mercer  co.  Pa.     P. 

3,099. II.   t.,   Columbia  co.   Pa.     P. 

1,927. III.  r.,  Omo&  Pa.,  br.  of  the 


0. IV.  p-t..  Indiana  CO.  Pa.    P.  2,890. 

V.  CO.  Ohio.     P.  23,735. 

Mahonoy,  river,  Pa.,  br.  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna.   L.  50  m. 

Mahoor,  a  town  of  India,  on  atl  affl. 
of  the  Wurdah,  178  m.  N.N.W.  Hyder- 
abad. 

Mahowl,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Bengal,  dist.  &  35  m.  N.W.  Azimghur. 

Mahratta  States,  comprise  most  of 
the  principal  states  of  Central  Hindostan, 
viz.,  the  Sattarah,  Gwalior,  Nagpoor, 
Indoor,  Bandah,  Colsipoor,  Dhar,  &  De- 
war  doms.,  having  a  united  area  esti- 
mate^  at  131,450  sq.  m. 

MAHEiscH-NEtrsTADT,  a  town  of  Mo- 
ravia, 14  m.  N.N.W.  Olmutz.  P.  3,500. 
II.  {M.  Triibau),  27  m.  N.W.  Ol- 
mutz.    P.  3,600. 

Maia,  a  river  of  Siberia.    L.  500  m. 

Maida,  a  small  town  of  Naples,  7  m. 
S.E.  iSFicastro.    P.  2,600. 

Maiden  Creek,  p-t.,  Berks  co.  Pa. 
P.  1,749. 

Maidenhead,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Berks.     P.  3,315. 

Maidens,  a  cluster  of  rocks,  off  the  E. 
coast  of  Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  Antrim. 

Maidstone,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Kent,  on  the  Medway.     P.  36,097. 

Mailcotta,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  17 
m.  N.  Seringapatam. 

Maille,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Vienne,  9  m.  S.S.B.  Fontenay-le- 
Comte.     P.  1,015. 

Maillezais,  a  comm.  &  town  of  N. 
France,  dep.  Vendee,  7  m.  S.S.E.  Fonte- 
nay.     P.  1,350. 

Mai-Ma-tchin,  a  vill.  of  Mongolia, 
on  the  Russian  frontier.  &  the  entrepot  of 
the  Chinese  trade  with  Russia,  160  m. 
N.W.  Oorga. 

Maimund,  a  town  of  W.  Affghanistan. 

Main,  a  river  of  Ireland,    tllster,  co. 

Antrim. II.  a  river  of  Siberia.  L.  180 

m.     A  town  of  Persia,  prov.  Fars. 

Main,  a  navig.  river  of  Germany, 
rises  N.  Bavaria,  flows  W.,  &  joins  the 
Rhine.     L.  280  m. 

.  Maina,  a  dist.  of  Greece,  consisting  of 
the  S.  extremity  of  the  Morea. 

Maina,  a  town  of  India,  Bhopaul 
dom.,  near  Ashta. 

Mainbernheim,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ba- 
varia, prov.,  15  m.  E.S.E.  Wiirtzburg. 
P.  1,633. 

Maine,  a  river  of  Ireland,  Munster. 

Maine,  the  most  N.E.  of  the  U.  S.,  be- 
tween lat.  43°  &  47°  20'  N.,  &  Ion.  67°  & 
71°  W.  ;  having  S.  the  Atlantic,  E.  New 
Brunswick,  &  W.  &  N.  New  Hampshire 
&  Lower  Canada.     Area,  30,000  sq.  m. 


Jf 


4Y2 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[mal 


Surface  mostly  hilly,  well  watered  & 
plentifully  wooded.  Climate  variable, 
with  extremes  of  temperature,  but  coun- 
try healthy.  Principal  rivers,  the  Pe- 
nfibseot,  Kennebec,  Androscoggin,  St. 
Croix,  &  St.  John,  which  l-ast,  with  the 
St.  Francis,  forms  most  part  of  the  jST. 
boundary.  It  has  more  good  harbors 
than  any  other  state  of  the  Union.  Pro- 
ducts are  maize,  wheat,  barley,  rye,  flax, 
pine  &  other  timber,  apples,  cherries,  & 
other  fruits,  &  salt  provisions.  Annual 
value  of  wool  has  been  estimated  at  2 
million  dollars.  Mineral  products  com- 
prise marble,  iron  ore,  &  lead.  P.  in 
1840,  501,796;  in  1850,  583,083.  Ex- 
ports in  1850,  $1,556,912;  imports  same 
year,  $856,411.  Pub.  rev.  $688,692  41. 
State  debt,  $600,500.  Maine  has  6  repre- 
sentatives in  Congress.  There  are  283 
m.  railways  in  operation  &  175  m.  iu 
course  of  construction  in  the  state.  Prin- 
cipal town.«,  Augusta,  the  cap.,  Portland, 
Bangor,  Bath,  &  Hallowell.  M^ineis 
divided  into  13  cos.  It  became  an  inde- 
pendent state  in  1820,  having  previously 
belonged  to  Massachusetts.  Gov.  &  sen- 
ate elected  annually. 

Maine,    an   old  prov.   in    the  W.  of 

France. II.  a  river  of  France,  dep. 

"Vendee.     L.  31  m. III.  a  river,  dep. 

Maine-et-Loire. 

Maine-et-Loire,  a  dep.  of  France,  in 
the  N.W.  Area,  2,784  sq.  m.  Climate 
temperate.  Surface  diversified  by  hills 
&  plains.     P.  515,452. 

Maintenon,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Eure-et-Loire,  10  m.N.N.E. 
Chartres.     P.  1,442. 

Maisdon,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Loire  Inf^  13  m.  S.E.  Nantes.  P. 
2,100. 

Maisdy  &  Maissy,  two  towns  of  India. 

1.  Berar  dom.,  30  m.  N.  Elliehpoor. 

II.  52  ifl.  N.  Patna. 

Maisons,  2  comms.  &,  vills.  of  France. 

1.    (Jkf.    sur-Seine),    dci>.    Seine-et- 

Gise,  10  m.  N.  Versailles. TI.  {M.  Al- 

fort),  dep.  Seine. 

Maitea,  one  of  the  Society  isls.,  Pa- 
cific, E.  Tahiti.     Circuit  8  m. 

Maitland  (East  &  West),  two,towns 
of  Australia,  New  South  Wales.  United 
p.  3.319.- 

Maixent  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Deux  Sevres,  13  m.  E.N.E. 
Niort.     P.  4,320. 

Maizieres,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Meurthe.    P.  1,384; 

Majambo,  a  maritime  town  of  Mada- 
gascar, 70  m.  N.E.  Bembatooka. 

Majinda,  a  town  of  Seindfe,  on  the 


Indus,  40  miles  N.^.  Hyderabad,  with 
2,000  inhabs. 

Majorca,  the  central  &  largest  of  the 
Balearic  islands,  Mediterranean,  belong- 
ing to  Spain,  whence  it  is  distant  110 
miles  S.E.  Area,  1,430  sq.  miles.  P. 
181,803.    ,  Cap.  Piilma. 

Majori,  a  marit.  town,  Naples,  6  m. 
W.S.VV.  Salerno.     P.  2,800. 

Majubiba,  a  marit.  town  of  Africa, 
100  rn.  N.W.  Loango. 

Majunga,  a  marit.  town  of  Mada- 
gascar. 

Makallah,  a  seaport  toAvn  of  Arabia, 
on  its  S.  coast,  in  a  small  bay,  300  m. 
E.N.E.  Aden.     P.  about  4,500. 

Makariev,  two  towns  of  Russia. 

I.  46  m.  E  S.E.  Nijnii  Novgorod,  on  the 
Volga.  P.  2,350. II.  110  m.  E.  Kos- 
troma, cap.  dist.     P.  2,850. 

Makariko,  a  town  of  Russia,  60  m. 
E.S  E.  Nijnii  Nvogorod,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Volga. 

Makhnovka.  a  town  of  Russia,  95  m. 
W.S.W.  Kiev.     P.  5,000. 

Makian,  a  small  volcanic  isl.,  Malay 
archipelago,  off  the  E.  coast  of  Gilolo. 
Circ.  18  m. 

JIakiniyat,  a  straggling  vill.  of  Cent. 
Arabia,  120  m.  W.S.W.  Muscat. 

Makkum,  a  mkt.  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  9  m.  S.  Har- 
lingen.     P.  1,850'. 

Mako,  a  market  town  of  B.  Hungary, 
on  the  Maros.     P.  17,148. 

Makov,  a  town  of  Poland,  prov.  &  63 

m.   E.N.E.   Plock.      P.   4,000. II.    a 

town  of  Russia,  9  m.  N.  KamQnetz.     P. 
1,420. 
Makowar,  two  islands  of  the  Red  sea. 

1,  off  the  coast  of  Nubia,  near  a  small 

port  of  the  same  name II.  or  Emer- 
ald isl.,  off  the  coast  of  Egypt. 

Makowiec,   a  vill.  of  Poland,  28  m. 
E.N.E.  Warsaw. 
Makri,  two  seaport  towns  of  Turkey. 

1.  Asia-Minor,  Anatolia,  S.W.  coast, 

on  the  G.  of  Makri,  52  m.  E.N.E.  Rhodes. 
— ■ — II.  Rumili,  on  the  .^gean  sea^  75  m. 
S.AV.  Adrianople.     P.  3,000. 

Makhonisi,  an  isl.  of  Greece,  off  (he  ~ 
E.  coast  of  Attica,  3  miles  B.  Cape  Co- 
lonna.  ■^ 

Mala,  a  river  of  Peru,  dep.  Lima.- — - 
II.  a  vill.  of  Spain,  with  mineral  baths-. 

III.  {Punta),  a  cape  of  S.  America, 

New  Granada. 

Malabar,  a  marit.  dist.  of  British 
India,  on  the  W.  coast.  Area,  6,262  sq. 
m.  P.  1,140,916.— The  Malabar  coast  ia 
a  name  which  has  been  applied  to  all  the 
W.  coast  of  India,  though  the  Malabar 


mal] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


473 


_  _  is  spoken  only  from  Cape  Co- 
morin  to  about  lat.  12°  30'  N. 

Malacca  &  Naning,  one  of  the 
"  Straits  settlements"  belonging  to  the 
British,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Malay 
peninsula.  Estim.  area,  1,000  sq.  m.  P. 
58,000. 

Malacca,  the  cap.  of  the  above  dist., 
is  situated  ofi  both  sides  of  the  Malacca 
rirer,  near  its  mouth,  130  m.  N.W.  Sin- 
gapore. P.  12,120.— The  strait  of  Ma- 
lacca is  a  channel  between  the  Malay 
peninsula  &  the  isl.  Sumatra,  connecting 
the  China  sea  with  the  Indian  ocean.  L. 
520  m.,  br.  25  m. 

Malaczka,  a  mkt.  town  of  W.  Hun- 
gary, 21  m.  N.W.  Presburg.     P.  2,353. 

Malaga,  a  seaport  city  of  Spain,  cap. 
prov.,  on  a  bay  of  the  Mediterranean,  65 
m.  E.N.E.  Gibraltar.  P.  65,865.  It  is 
built  in  the  form  of  an  amphitheatre, 
near  the  base  of  a  mntnous.  riinge.  The 
harbor,  formed  by  a  mole  700  feet  in 
length,  is  capable  of  holding  about  450 
merchant  ships,  &  may  be  entered  dur- 
ing any  wind. II.  p-t.,  Monroe  co.  0. 

P.  1,442. 

Malagojj.  a  town  of  Spain,  19  m.  N.W^. 
Ciudad-Keal.     P.  3,282. 

Malahide,  a  vill.  of  Ireland,  Leinster, 
CO.  &  9  m.  N  JSTE.  Dublin. 
\  Malamocco,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy, 
5  m.  S.S.E.  Venice.     P.  1,800. 

Malang,  a  Dutch  residency  of  Java, 
on  the  S.  coast.     P.  80,000. 

Malans,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland;  cant. 
Grisons.     P.  1,050. 

Malansac,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan.     P.  2,021. 

MalasiA;  a  name  given  to  the  islands 
of  the  Indian  archipelago. 

Malaspina,  the  W.-most  of  the  Co- 
lumbrete.s  islands,  Mediterranean. 

Malativo,  a  seaport  town  of  Ceylon, 
on  its  E.  coast. 

Malatiyeh,  a  town  of  Asiatic Turkej', 
pash.  &  100  m.  N.E.  Marash. 

Malaucbne,  a  comm.  &  town,  France, 
dep.  Vaucluse,  16  m.  E.N.E.  Orange.  P. 
2,214. 

Mala  UNA  Y,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine  Inf     P.  1,670. 

Malay  Peninsula,  the  most  S.  por- 
tion of  Continental  Asia,  &  of  its  great 
S.E.  peninsula  of  Further  India,  mostly 
between  lat.  1°  &  13°  N.,  &  Ion.  98°  & 
104°  E. ;  connected  N.-ward  to  Lower 
Slam  by  the  isthmus  of  Kravv,  &  having 
E.  the  gulf  of  Siam  &  China  sea,  S.  &  W. 
the  strait  of  Malacca.  Malaya  proper  or 
Malacca  extends  from  lat.  1°'20'  to  7°  N. 
E^im.  area,  45,000  sq.  m.    P.  375,000. 


fi^lALCHiN,  a  town  of  Germany,  grand 
uchy  Meeklenb.-Schwerin,  cap.  dist.,  24 
m.  E.S.E.  Gustrow.     P.  3,852. 

Malchow,  a  town  of  Germany,  grand 
duchy  Meeklenb.-Schwerin,  on  an  island 
in  Lake  Malchow.     P.  2,887. 

Malda,  a  town  of  British  India,  50  m. 
S.W.  Dinajepoor,  on  the  Mahanunda.  It 
consists  of  3,000  houses. 

Maldeghem,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Bel- 
gium, prov.  E.  Flanders,  17  m.  N.W. 
Ghent.     P.  6,114. 

Malden,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  - 

Maldivb  Islands,  a  chain  of  islands, 
Indian  ocean,  between  lat.  0°  45'  S.,  & 
7°  6'  ]\".,  &  Ion.  72°  46'  &  73°  48'  E.,  about 
300  m.  S.E.  Hindostan,  &  sejjarated  N. 
from  Manicoy  &  the  Laccadives  by,  the  8 
&  9  degrees  channels.  They  are  of  coral 
formation,  &  arranged  in  17  round  &  oval 
groups,  termed  atolls,  surrounded  &  pro- 
tected by  coral  reefs.     P.  175,000. 

Mal-di-Ventee.  an  island  of  the  Med- 
iterranean, oif  the  W.  coast  of  Sardinia. 

Maldon,  a  river  port  &  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Essex. 

Maldonado,  a  fortified  seaport  town 
of  Uruguay,  or  Banda  Oriental  (South 
America),  on  the  N.E.  shore  of  the  Plata 
estuary,  60  m.  E.  Montevideo. 

Male,  the  principal  isl.  of  the  Maldive 
group,  a  liitle  iN".  of  its  centre.     P.  2,000. 

Malebum,  a  town  of  Nepaul,  138  m. 
N.W.  Khatmandoo. 

Malekra,  a  neat  town  of  the  Punjab, 
S.  range  of  Himalaya. 

Malemort,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Vaucluse,  6  m.  S.E.  Carpentras.  P. 
1,300. 

jMalenowitz,  a  market  town  of  Mo- 
ravia, cire.  &  12  m.  N.N.E.  Hradish.  P. 
1,337. 

Malesherbes.  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Loiret,  on  the  Essonne. 
P.  1,475. 

Malestroit,  a  comm.  &  town,  France, 
dep.  Morbihan,  8  m.  S.  Ploermel.  P. 
1,790. 

Malgarah,  Malghaea,  a  walled  towii 
of  European  Turkey,  33  m.  N.N.E.  Galli- 
poii.  .  P.  2,500. 

Malgrat,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  37 
m.  N.E.  Barcelona.     P.  2,839. 

Malguenac,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan,  4  ni.  W.  Pontivy.  P. 
2,009. 

Malham,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
York,  W.  Riding. 

Malicorne,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Sarthe,  cap.  cant.,  8  m. 
N.  La  Fleche,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Sarthe.  P. 
1,094. 


474 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[mam 


Malin  Head,  aproniontory  of  Irelan^ 
Ulster,  CO.  Donegal. 

Malinooka-,  a  market  town  of  Russia, 
23  m.  B  S.E.  Kharkov.     P.  2,000. 

Mallavilly,  a  town  of  S.  India,  My- 
sore dom.,  25  m.  B.  Seringapatam. 

Mallemort,  acomm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Bouches-du-Rhone.     P.  2,150. 

Mallicoll-o,  an  isl.  of  Pacific  ocean. 
New  Hebrides.  Bstim.  area,  600  sq.  m. 
—Another  isl.  300  m.  N.  (properly  Ma- 
nicello.) 

Mallow,  a  town  &  watering-place  of 
Ireland,  Munster,  co.  &  17  m.  N.N.W. 
Cork.    P.  9,965. 

Malmaison,  a  chateau  in  France,  dep. 
Seine,  4J  m.  W.  Paris,  celebrated  as 
having  been  the  favorite  residence  of  the 
empress  Josephine. 

Malmedy,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
25  m.  S.  Aix-la-ChapeUe,  on  the  "Warge. 
P.  4,090. 

Malmesbuey,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Wilts.     P.  2,367. 

Malmish,  a  town,  Russia,  gov.  Viatka, 
80  m.  N.N.E.  Kasan,  on  the  Viatka.  P. 
2,000. 

Malmo,  a  Isen  of  Sweden,  at  its  SAY. 
extremity.  Area,  1,781  sq.  miles.  P. 
221,670. 

Malmo,  a  strongly  fortified  town  of  S. 
Sweden,  on  the  sound,  16  m.  E.S.E.  Co- 
penhagen.    P.  8,769. 

Malo,  a  mkt.  town  of  Austrian  Italy, 
10  m.  N.W.  Vieenza,  on  the  Torlo.  P. 
3,950. 

Malo  (St.),  a  fortified  seaport  town  & 
comm.  of  France,  dep.  Ille-et-Vilaine,  on 
the  English  channel,  40  m.  N.N.W.  Ren- 
nes.    P.  8,469. 

Maloi,  several  small  towns  of  Russia. 

1.  {Archangd.sk),  46  m.  S.E.  Orel.   P. 

1,300. II.  (M.  dielskaja),  Don  Cossack 

country,  230  m.  N.E.  Tcherkask.  P.  2,500. 

III.  {M.  Jaroslavitz),  gov.  &  38  m. 

N.  Kaluga,  on  the  Lusha. 

Malone,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
4,549. 

Malonko,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy,  42 
m.  N.B.  Bergamo.     P.  1,600. 

Maloo,  a  town  of  N.W.  Hindostan, 
dom.  &  25  m.  W.  Shirhind.  ■ 

Malpartida-de-Caceres,  a  market 
town  of  Spain,  prov..&  50  m.  N.N.E.  Ca- 

ceres.     P.  2,575. ^11.  a  vill.,  prov.  Ba- 

dajos.     P.  1,748. 

Malpas,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  &  14  m.  S.S.E.  Chester.     P.  5,726. 

Malplachjet,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Nord. 

Malpoora,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  35  m. 
E.S.E.  Kishenagur. 


Malsch,  two  market  towns,  Germany, 
Baden. 

Malsen,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy,  23 
m.  N.N.W.  Verona.     P.  1,700. 

Malta,  anislandof  the  Mediterranean, 
dependent  on  Britain,  62  m.  S.S.W.  the 
S.  point  of  Sicily.  L.  17  m. ;  gr.  br.  8i  m. 
Area,  98  sq.m.  P.  103,247.  Shape  nearly 
oval ;  coast  indented  with  numerous  bays. 
Surface  naturally  a  bare  limestone  rock, 
containing  numerous  grottoes.  Its  stone" 
is  extensively  exported  for  building, 
chiefly  to  the  Levant. II.  p-t..  Sara- 
toga CO.  N.  Y.     P.  1,349. III.  p-v., 

Morgan  co.  Ohio.     P.  1,405. 

Malton  (New),  a  town  of  England, 
CO.  York,  N.  Riding,  on  thB  Derwent,  18 
m.  N.E.  York.    P.  6,875. 

Maltown,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  Bun- 
delcund. 

Malvern  (Great),  a  watering-place 
of  Engl.,  CO.  &  8  m.  S.S.W.  Worcester, 
P.  2,911. 

Malvern  Hills,  Engl.,  are  nearly  9 
m.  in  length,  N.  to  S. 

Malvitto,  a  town  of  Naples,  15  m. 
S.S.W.  Castrovillari.     P.  2,200. 

Malwah,  an  old  prov.  of  Hindostan. 
Its  central  part  is  a  table-land,  between 
its  chief  rivers  the  Chumbul  in  the  N.,  & 
Nerbuddah  in  the  S.  It  is  one  of  the 
provs.  of  India,  in  which  opium  is  exten- 
sively raised  for  exportation. 

Malwan,  a  town  &  fortifiedisl.  of  Br't. 
India,  on  the  Malabar  coast,  50  m.  N.N.W. 
Goa. 

Malzeville  &  Le  Malzieu,  2  comms. 

&  vills.  of  France. 1,  dep.  Meurthe, 

on  the  Meurthe,  15  m.  B.   Nancy.     P. 

1,646. II.  dep.  Lozere,  25  m.  N.Mar- 

viejols.     P.  1,167. 

Mamadish,  a  town  of  Russia,  87  m.  E. 
Kasan,  on  the  Viatka.     P.  2,000. 

Mamakating,  t.,  Sullivan  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  4,107. 

Mamanguape,  a  river  of  Brazil,  en- 
ters the  Atlantic,  25  m.  N.  Parahiba.  L. 
130  m.  At  its  mouth  is  the  town  Ma- 
manguape.    P.  4,000. 

Mamahoneck,  p-t.,  Westchester  co. 
P.  928. 

Mambucaba,  a  market  town  of  Bra- 
zil, 78  m.  W.  Rio  de  Janerio.     P.  4,000. 

Mamers,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Sarthe,  24  m.  N.N.B.  Le  Mans.  P. 
5,789. 

Mammola,  a  town  of  S.  Naples.  P. 
6,000. 

Mamoo-Khail,  a  fort  of  Affghanistan, 
60  m.  S.E.  Cabool.  * 

Mamoke,  a  river  of  Bolivia.  L.  400 
miles. 


man] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER, 


475 


Mampanwa,  a  vill.  of  Borneo,  on  its 
W.  coast.     P.  2,435. 

Mampawa,  a  marit.town  of  the  Malay 
archipelago,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  isl. 

Man  (Isle  of),  an  isl.  in  the  Irish  sea. 
33  m.  W.  England,  &  30  m.  E.  Ireland, 
16  m.  S.  Scotland,  &  56  m.  N.  Wales. 
L.  30  m.  ;  gr.  b.  12  m.     Area,  280  sq.  m. 

P.  47,975. II.   Man  is  also  an  island, 

S.  Pacific,  between  New  Ireland  &  New 
Britain,  &  stated  to  be  nearly  40  m.  in 
circuit. 

Mana,  a  river  of  French  Guinea,  en- 
ters the  Atlantic,  126  m.  N.W.  Cayenne. 
L.  157  m. 

Manaar  (Gulf  op),  an  inlet  of  the 
Indian  ocean,  between  Ceylon  &  the  S. 
extremity  of  India,  120  m.  in  width  at 
entrance. — Manaar  Island,  immediately 
off  Ceylon,  18  m.  in  length,  by  2^  miles 
across. 

Manaccan,  a  pa.  of  England,  co. 
Cornwall,  6  m.  S.S.W.  Falmouth.  Area, 
1,730  ac.     P.  569. 

Manacor,  a  town  of  the  isl.  Majorca, 
30  m.  E.  Palma.     P.  9,642. 

Manado,  a  Dutch  town  &  settlement 
of  Celebes,  near  its  N.E.  extremity. 

Manaforno,  a  town  of  S.  Naples,  13 
m.  S.E.  Avezzano.     P.  2,300. 

Managua,  a  town  of  Central  America, 
state  Nicaragua,  35  m.  S.E.  Leon.  P.  13,- 
000. 

Manah,  a  vill.  of  N.  Hindostan,  2Q.  m. 
S.E.  Gangoutri. 

Manaia,  an  isl.  of  the  Pacific  ocean, 
Harvey  group.    It  is  about  15  m.  in  circ. 

Manakou,  a  fine  harbor  of  New  Zea- 
land, N.  isl.,  on  its  E.  coast. 

Manama,  a  town  of  the  Persian  gulf. 

Manapar,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  40 
m.  N.E.  Dindigul. 

Manasquan,   r.,  Monmouth  co.  N.  J. 

Manatoulin  Islands, a  chain  in  Lake 
Huron,  British  N.  America,  near  its  N. 
coast. 

Manavghat,  a  market  town,  Asia- 
Minor,  on  the  Manavghat  riv. 

Manayunk,  p-v.,  7  m.  N.W.  Phila- 
delphia.    P.  2,500. 

Mancha  (La),  an  old  prov.  of  Spain, 
in  the  S.  part  of  New  Castile.  Surface, 
a  level  plateau. 

Mancha-Real,  a  town  of  Spain,  7  m. 
E.  Jaen.     P.  3,966. 

Manche,  a  maritime  dep.  of  France, 
in  the  N.W.  Area,  2,617  sq.  m.  P.  600,- 
882.  On  its  coasts  are  capes  la  Hogue, 
point  Barfleur,  &  cape  la  Hague. 

Manchester,  a  city  gf  England,  co. 
Lancaster.  It  is  the  chief  seat  of  the  cot- 
ton manufacture  in  S.  Britain,  32  iniles 


E.N.E.  Liverpool,  161  m.  N.N.W.  Lon- 
don. The  town  stands  in  a  plain,  &  cony 
sists,  with  Salford,  of  a  dense  mass  of 
buildings,  extending  about  2  m.  from  E. 
to  W.,  by  somewhat  less  from  N.  to  S., 
&  covering  about  3,000  acres.  Thfl  Irk 
&  Medlock  rivers  join  the  Irwell  cloje  to 
the  town,  &  with  it  are  extensively  made 
us-e  of  to  impel  machinerj'.  The  town  is 
irregularly  laid  out  &  comprises  at  least 
800  streets.  The  proximity  of  an  abun- 
dance of  coal,  the  improvements  intro- 
duced into  spinning  <t  weaving  machinery 
by  Hughes,  Arkwright,  Hargreaves,  & 
Crompton,  &  the  application  of  steam- 
power,  have  raised  Manchester  to  its  emi- 
nence of  monopolizing  2-3ds  of  the  cotton 
manufacture  of  Great  Britain.  Its  manu- 
factures are  m.ostly  conducted  in  large 
mills  or  factories.  P.  in  184^,  233,507  ; 
in  1851,  303,358.  '         '• 

Manchester,  t.,  Hillsboro'  co.  N.  H. 
P.  13,932. II.  t.,  &  semi-cap.  Ben- 
nington CO.  Vt.  P.  1,782. III.  t.,  Es- 
sex CO.  Mass.  P.  1,355. IV.  t..  Hart- 
ford CO.  Conn.  P.  1,695. V.  p-t.,  On- 
tario CO.  N.  Y.  P.  2,940. VI.  t.,  Pas- 
saic CO.  N.  J.       P.  3,110. VII.  p-t., 

York  CO.  Pa.  P.  2,152. VIIL  t.,  Mor- 
gan 00.  0.  P.  1,207. IX.  p-v.,  Ches- 
terfield CO.  Va.,  on  James  river.  P.  1,500. 

X.   p-v.,  cap.  Clay  co.  Ky. XI. 

p-v.,  cap.  Coffee  co.  Tenn. 

Manchooria,  an  extensive  region  of 
E.  Asia,  forming  a  great  division  of  the  - 
Chinese  empire,  having  S.  Corea  &  the 
Yellow  sea,  W.  Mongolia  &  the  Russian 
gov.  Irkutsk,  N.  the  gov.  Yakutsk,  &  E. 
the  sea  of  Japan  &  gulf  of  Tartary. 
Estim.  area,  700,000  sq.m.  P.  unascer- 
tained, but  it  has  of  late  greatly  aug- 
mented by  immigration  from  China. 

Manciet,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Gers,  20  m.  S.W.  Condom.    P.  1,800. 

Mancote,  a  town  of  the  Punjab. 

Mandal,  the  most  S.  town  of  Norway, 
23  m.  W.S.W.  Cfaristiansand.    P.  2,250. 

Mandan  District,  a  territory  be- 
longing to  the  United  States.  Estimated 
area,  300,000  sq.  m.  It  consists  mostly 
of  a  prairie  table-land,  traversed  by  the 
Upper  Mississippi  &  Yellow  Stone  rivs. 

Mandara,  a  state  of  Central  Africa, 
S.  of  Bornou.  The  inhabs.  are  a  supe- 
rior race  of  Mohammedans. 

Mandas,  a  mkt.  town  of  the  island 
Sardinia,  30  m.  N.  Cagliari.    P.  2,183. 

Mandavee,  the  princip.  seaport  town 
of  Cutch,  Hindostan,  on  the  gulf  of  Cutch, 
about  35  m.  S.S.W.  Bhooj.    P.  50,000.  {1) 

Mandb  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine,  3  m.  E.S.E.  Paris.    P.  2,900. 


476 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[man 


Manpel,  an- island  off  the  E.  coast  of 
Sumntra,  70  m.  S.W.  Singapore. 

Mandello,  a  mkt.  town  of  Piedmont, 
14  ra.  JH.E.  Como.     P.  2,000. 

Mandinga,  a  consiJerable  bay  of  the 
Caribbean  sea,  on  the  JS.  side  of  the 
isthmus  of  Panama. 

Makdingo  Country,  W.  Africa,  Sene- 
gambia,  is  mostly  between  lat.  10°  &  14° 
N.,  &,  Ion.  13°  &  16°  W. 

Mandow,  a  ruined  city  of  India,  dom. 
&  35  m.  S.W.  Indore. 

Manduel,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Sard.     P.  1,519. 

Mandueia,  a  town  of  Naples,  54  m. 
W.N.W.  Otranto.     P.  5,200. 

Manehbio,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy, 
13  ra.  S.S.W.  Brescia,  on  the  Mella.  JP. 
3,232. 

Maneroo,  a  dist.  of  E.  Australia, 
New  S.  Wales  &  Victoria.  Estim.  area, 
10,000  sq.m.    P.  1,916. 

JManetin,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  18  m. 
N.N.W.  Pilsen.     P.  1,112. 

Manfalout,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt, 
cap.  dep.,  on  I  b.  of  the  Nile,  20  m.  N.W. 
Siout. 

ManfouaH)  a  town  of  Arabia,  450  m. 
N.E.  Mecca.  \ .  . 

MANFREDO]*riA,  a  fortfd.  seaport  town 
of  Naples,  on  a  bay  of  the  Adriatic,  22 
m.  N.E.  Foggia.     P.  5,000. 

Manfredonia  (Gulf  of),  an  inlet  of 
the  Adriatic  sea,  in  S.  Italy,  Naples,  15 
m.  in  length,  &  30  m.  wide. 

Manga,  a  town  of  Brazil.     P.  3,000. 

Mangalore,  a  seaport  town  of  British 
Ind.,  on  the  Malabar  coast,  80  m.  N.N.W. 
Cananore.     P.  30,000. 

Mangaratiba,  a  maritime  town  of 
Brazil,  53  m.  W.S.W.  Rio-de- Janeiro. 

Manglieux,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Puy-de-Dome,  18  m.  S.E.  Clermont- 
Ferrand.     P.  1,680. 

Manhattanville.  vill..  New  York  eo. 
8  m.  N.  city  hall.     P.  600. 

Manheim,    p-t.,    Herkimer  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  1.902. II.  p-t.,   Lancaster  co.  Pa. 

P.  1,829. III.  t.,    Schuylkill  co.  Pa. 

P.  3,441. IV.   t.,   York  co.   Pa.     P.. 

1,525.. 

Manias,  a  vill.  of  Asia-Minor,  Ana- 
tolia, 55  m.  W.S.W.  Brusa. 

Manica,  a  town  &  petty  state  of  S.E. 
Africa,  tributary  to  the  Portuguese,  the 
town  140  m.  N.W.  Sofala. 

Manice,  a  river  of  E.  Africa,  falls  into 
the  N.  side  of  Delagoa  bay.     L.  50  m. 

Manickpoor,  a  town  of  Hindostan, 
■  on  the  Ranges,  80  m.  S.S.E.  Lucknow. 

Manicouagan,  a  river,  lake,  &  bay  of 
Lower  Canada. 


Manikyala,  a  vill.  of  the  Punjab,  145 
m.  N.AV.  Lahore. 

Manila,  a  fortified  city  of  the  Philip- 
pines, &  the  cap.  of  the  Si^anish  posses- 
sions iu  the  East,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of 
the  island  Luzon,  at  the  head  of  the  bay 
of  Manila.  Lat.  of  cathedral,  14°  35'  N., 
Ion.  121°  2'  4"  E.  P.  15,000,  but  inclu- 
ding the  populous  suburbs,  upwards  of 
140,000.  Manila  has  a  university,  a 
missionary  college,  numerous  schools  & 
hospitals,  &  a  large  gov.  cigar  factory. 
Its  harbor  is  impeded  by  a  bar  with  13 
feet  of  water  at  low  ebb. 

Manimajra,  a  town  of  British  India, 
Punjab  territory,  3,910  feet,  &  60  m.  N.E. 
Loodianah. 

Manipa,  a  small  island,  Malay  archi- 
pelago, about  20  m.  in  circuit. 

Manisa,  a  town  of  Asia- Minor,  Ana- 
tolia, on  the  N.  side  of  Mount  Sipylus,  28 
m.  N.E.  Smyrna.     P.  12,000.('?) 

Manistee,  co.  Mioh.,  the  N.E.  shore 
Lake  Michigan  (unorganized) . 

Manitoba  Lake,  British  N.  America, 
immediately  S.W.  of  L.  Winnipeg.  L. 
110  miles,  br.  25  m. 

Manitouwoe,    N.E.   co.   Wis.     Area, 

468  sq.  m.    P.  3,702. II.  p-v.,  cap.  of 

the  above  co. 

Maniyas-Gal,  a  lake  of  Asia-Minor, 
about  10  miles  S.  the  peninsula  of  Cyzi- 
cus. 

Manjanik,  a  ruined  city,  Persia,  60 
m.  S.E.  S buster.'  < 

Manjeb,  a  town  of  British  India,  44  m. 
N.W.  Patna. 

Mankiam,  a  small  isl.,  Malay  arch- 
ipelago, off  the  W.  coast  of  Gilolo. 

Manlius,  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  6,298. 

Manlius  Centre,  in  the  above  t.,  is 
a  V.  with  300  inhabs. 

Mannbdohf,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  on 
the  L.  of  Ziirieh.  11  m.  S.E.  Ziirich.  P. 
2,350. 

Mannersdor'f,  several  market  towns 
of  Austria. 

Mannhartsberg,  a  wooded  mountain 
range  of  Austria,  terminates  near  the 
Danube,  about  25  m.  AV.N.W.  Vienna. 

Mannheim,  a  town,  W.  Germany, 
grand  duchy  Baden,  cap.  circ.  Lower 
Rhine,  on  the  Rhine,  34  m.  N.  Carlsruhe. 
P.  1,700.  The  cheapness  8T  living  has 
attracted  hither  permanently  about  300 
English  families. 

Manningham,  a  tnshp.  of  England, 
CO.  York,  W.  Riding.     P.  5,622. 

Mannington,  t.,  Salem  co.  N.  J.  P. 
2,064. 

Manningtree,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl., 


mar] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


ill 


CO.  Essex,  9|  m.  S.S.W.  Ipswich,  &  E.N.B. 
Colchester.     P.  1,255.   , 

Mannu,  a  river  of  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia. L.  40  m. — Cape  Mannu,  Sardinia, 
is  near  the  centre  of  its  W.  coast. 

Mange,  a  small  isl.  of  Denmark,  10  m. 
W.S.W.  Ribe.     P.  50  families. ' 

Manopello,  a  town  of  Naples,  9  m. 
S.W.  Chieti.     P.  2,400. 

Manor,  p-t.,  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  P. 
4,152. 

Manor-Hamilton,  a  market  town 
of  Ireland,  Connaught,  co.  Leitrim.  P. 
Ij507. 

Manosque,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  cap.  dep.  B.  Alpes,  30  m.  S.W. 
Digne.     P.  4,714. 

Manresa,  a  town  of  Spain,  30  m. 
N.N.AV.  Barcelona.     P.  13,339. 

Mans  (Le),  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
cap.  dep.,  on  the  Sarthe,  40  m.  N.N.E. 
Angers.     P.  21,025. 

Mansfeld,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
30  m.  N.W.  Merseburg,  cap.  circ.  P. 
1,450. 

Mansfield,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.    &    14  m.  N.N.W.   Nottingham.     P. 

9,788. II.   t.,   Bristol  co.   Mass.    P. 

1,382. III.  t.,  Tolland  co.  Conn.     P. 

2,517. IV.    p-t,    Warren   co.    N.J. 

P.  3,057. V.  t.,  Burlington  co.  N.  J. 

P.  ^,401. VI.   P-T.   &   cap.  Richland 

CO.  0.     P.  1,328. 

Mansfield  Island,  in  Hudson  bay, 
British  N.  America,  is  about  70  miles  in 
length. 

Mansigne,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Sarthe.     P.  2,600. 

Mansilla,  several  vills.  of  Spain. 

Mansle,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Charente,  16;  m.  N.  AngoulSme. 
P.  1,547. 

Mansoria  (El),,  a  small  marit.  town 
of  Morocco,  prov.  Fez. 

Mansuhah,  a  town  of  Lower  Egypt, 
on  the  Damietta  branch  of  the  Nile,  34 
m.  S.W.  Damietta. 

Mansurieh,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
48  m.  N  W.  Bassorah. 

Mantelo  (Cape),  the  S.E.  extremity 
of  the  isl.  Euboea. 

Mantes-sur-Seine,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  on  the 
Seine,  29  m.  W.N.W.  Paris.     P.  4,400. 

Manthorp,  a  tnshp.  of  England,  co. 
Lincoln.     P.  2,028. 

Mantinea,  a  vill.  &  ruined  city  of 
Greece,  Morea. 

Mantotte,  a  town  of  Ceylon,'  on  its 
N.W.  coast. 

Mantua,  a  fortified  city  of  Austrian 
Italy,  on   an   island.     P.  26,000.     It  is 


surrounded  by  swamps,  crossed  by  arti- 
ficial dams,  which  connect  it  with  several 
fortified  suburbs  &  outworks.     From  itg 

situation,  it  is  extremely  unhealthy. 

II.  p-t..  Portage  co.  0.     P.  1,187. 

Manwas,  a  to^vn  of  India,  40  m.  S.E. 
Rewah. 

Manytch,  a  riv.  of  Russia,  rises  in  the 
S.  of  the  gov.  Astrakhan,  joins  the  Don. 
L.  315  m. 

Manzanares,  a  river  of  Spain,  N. 
Castilla,  joins  the  Henares.  Li  AO  m. 
II.  a  river  of  S.  America,'  Vene- 
zuela, dep.  Caracas,  enters  the  Caribbean 

sea   near  Cumana.     L.  40  m. llll.  a 

town  of  Spain,  in  a  bleak  plain,  prov. 
&  27  m.  E.  Ciudad-Real.     P.  8,56(). 

Manzaneda-de-Tribes,  a  town  of 
Spain,  42  m.  E.  Orense. 

Manzanera,  a  town  of  Spain,  20  m. 
S.S.E.  Teruel.     P.  2,280. 

Manzanilla,  a  town  of  Spain,  27  m 

E.  Huelva.     P.  2,038. :II.  an  isl.  of 

S.  Amer.,  in  the  bay  of  Limon,  isthmus 
Panama. — Manzanillo  is  a  seaport  town 
of  Cuba.     P.  3,200. 

Manzat,  a  comm.  &  market  to'Vn  of 
France,  dep.  Puy-de-Dome,  14  m.  i^'.W 
Clermont.     P.  l",800.  / 

Maon,  a  small  isl.  of  Dalmatia,  jn  the 
Adriatic,  W.  of  the  isl.  Pago.     L.  B  m. 

Maouna,  isl.,  Pacific  ocean.  Navigator 
group. 

Mapilca,  a  vill.  of  the  Mexican  con- 
federation, state  Vera  Cruz. 

Mapimi,  a  town  of  the  Mexican  con- 
federation, state  &  130  m.  N.N.E.  Du- 
rango,  with  2,400  inhab. 

Mapiri,  a  considerable  riv.  of  Bolivia, 
S.  America. 

Mapocha,  a  river  of  Chile,  after 
a  course  of  75  m.,  joins  the  Maypo. 

Mar,  an  ancient  dist.  of  Scotl.,  co. 
Aberdeen. 

Maracay,  a  town  of  S.  America, 
Venezuela,  dep.  &  55  m.  W.S.W.  Caracas. 
P.  8,000.(?) 

Maracaybo,  a  fortified  city  of  S. 
Amer.,  Venezuela,  cap.  dep.  &  prov.  Zu- 
lia,  on  the  W.  shore  of  the  strait  connect- 
ing the  gulf  of  Miiracaybo  with  the  Ca- 
ribbean sea,  lat.  10°  41'  N.,  Ion.  71°  40' 
W.  P.  14,000.  An  active  trade  is  car- 
ried on  with  the  interior.  The  prov.  Ma- 
racaybo, surrounding  the  lake  of  same 
name,  has  a  p.  of  27,800.  Climate  healthy 
but  very  hot.  The  lake  is  nearly  100 
m.  in  length  ;  greatest  breadth  70  m.  It 
communicates  with  the  gulf  of  Maracay- 
bo by  a  strait  20  m.  in  length,  &  from  5 
to  10  m.  across. 

M'aeacaybo  Gulf,  is  an  inlet  of  the 


418 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[mar 


Caribbean  sea,  bounded  E.-ward  by  the 
peninsula  of  Paraguana.  Extends  N.  to 
S.  about  75  m. ;  br.  150  m. 

Mar^otis  (Lake),  a  lagoon  of  Lower 
Egypt,  S.E.  Alexandria.  L.  40  m. ;  br. 
18  m. 

Maragha,  a  city  of  Persia,  50  m.  S. 
Tabriz,  on  a  tributary  of  Lake  Urumiah. 
P.  15,000. 

Maragogipe,  a  flourishing  town  of 
Brazil,  prov.  Bahia,  25  m.  S.W.  Caohoei- 
ra.    P.  3,000. 

Marais,  a  natural  division  of  the  dep. 
Vend&e  in  France,  comprising  all  that  part 
of  the  coast  formerly  covered  by  the  sea. 
Mahajo,  a  large  island  in  the  Atlantic, 
on  the  N.  coast  of  Brazil,  between  the  es- 
tuaries of  the  Amazon  &  Para  rivers. 
L.  &  br.  150  m.  each.     P.  20,000. 

Maraka,  a  considerable  town  of  Nu- 
bia, on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Nile,  75  m. 
N.N.AV.  Old  Dongola. 

iVlARAMBAYA,  an  isl.  of  Brazil,  27  m. 
W;  Rio  de  Janeiro,  26  m.  in  length. 

Majamee,  r..  Mo.,  entering  the  Miss. 
r. — Maramee  Iron  Woi'ks,  p-v.,  Craw- 
ford 30.  Mo.,  is  situated  at  the  "Big 
Spring'  of  the  above  r.  The  spring  is- 
sues 30,000  cubic  ft.  of  water  per  minute. 
~E.^ten3ive  forges  here. 

Maeanhao,  a  marit.  prov.  in  the  N. 
of  Brnzil.  Area,  fi8,000  sq.  m.  P.  200,- 
000.  Tha  island  Maranhao  is  situated 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  of  same  name, 
between  the  bays  of  S.  Jose  &  S.  Marcos. 
The  river  ^aranhao,  flowsN.N.E.  300  m. 
&  enters  the  Atlantic. .  The  city  of  Maran- 
hao, cap.  of  the  prov.,  is  situated  on  the  ^Y. 
Bide  of  the  island  Maranhao.   P.  30,000.(?) 

Marano,  several  towns  of  Italy. 1. 

prov.   &  5  m.  N.W.  Naples.     P.   6,500. 

II.  5  mi  W.  Cosenza.     P.  2,800. 

III.  Austrian  Italy,  20  m.  S.W.  Udine, 
at  the  head  of  the  Adriatic.     P.  1,200. 

Marans,  a  comm.,  town,  &  river-port 
of  France,  dep.  Charente  Inf.,  11  m.  N.E. 
La  Rochelle.     P.  3,390 

_  Marash,  a  pash.  of  Asiatic  Turkey. 
It  is  bounded  B.  by  the  Euphrates. — 
Marash  is  the  cap.  above  pash.,  on  the 
Jyhoon. II.  a  vill.  of  European  Tur- 
key, Bulgaria. 

Mabat,  a  comm.-&  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Puy-de-Dume,     P.  3,057. 

JVIaratea,  a  town  of  Naples,  near  the 
gulf  of  Policastro.    P.  4,500. 

Marathon,  a  small  river  &  plain  of 
Greece,  gov.  Attica.  The  river  has  a 
S.E.  course  of  10  m.  to  its  mouth  in  the 
j3Egean  sea,  opposite  the  S.  end  of  Euboea, 
the  plain  bounded  S.  by  Mount  Penteli- 
cus,  is  renowned  for  the  victory  of  Mil- 


tiades   over  the   army   of  Xerxes,   b  c. 

490. II.  p-t.,  Cortland  co.  N.  Y.     P. 

1,149. III.  CO.,  Wis.    P.  508. 

Marathonisi,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Greece, 
Morea. 

Maratub4  Isles,  a  group  of  the  Asi- 
atic archipelago,  in  the  Celebes  sea. 

Maravaca  (Mount),  S.  America,  Co- 
lombian Guiana,  is  from  10,000  to  11,000 
feet  in  height. 

Maravi,  a  lake   of  Africa. II.  a 

port  of  Cuba,  on  the  N.  coast,  near  its  B. 
end,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Maravi. 
Marbach,  two  towns  of   S.  Germany. 

1.  Wiirtemberg,  on  the  Neckar,  15 

m.    S.   Heilbronn.      P.   2,340. II.    a 

town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Danube. 

Marbella,  a  walled  town  of  Spain,  29 
m.  S.W.  Malaga.     P.  5,850. 

Marblehead,  t.,  &  port  of  entry  of 
Mass.,  18  m.  N.E.  Boston.  It  has  a  good 
harbor.     Tonnage,  4,351  51.     P.  6,177. 

Marble  Island,  Hudson  bay,  Brit.  N. 
Amer. 

Marbletown,  a  town,  Ulster  co.  N. 
Y.,  on  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  canal,  7 
m.  S.W.  Kingston.     P.  3,839. 

Mahboz,  a  comm;  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ain.     P.  2,410. 

Marburg,  a  town  of  H.-Cassel,  on  tha 

Lahn,  48  m.  S.W.  Cassel.     P.  7,954. 

II.  a  town  of  Austria,  Styria,  on  the 
Drave,  36  miles  S.S.B.  Gratz.  P. 
4,500.. 

Mahc  (St.),  a  town  of  Hayti,  on  its 
W.  coast,  44  m.  N.N.W.  Port  Republi- 
cain. — St.  Marc  le  Blanc  is  a  town  of 
•France,  dep.  lUe-et-Vilaine,  9  m.  W. 
Fougeres. 

BIarcaria,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy, 
13  m.  W.S.W.  Mantua,  on  the  Oglio.    P. 
3,000. 
Marcel  (St.),  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town 

of  France,  dep.  Indre.     P.  2,100. II. 

dep.   Ardache.      P.    2,220. III.    {de 

Felines),  a  comm.  &  vill..  dep.  Loire.  P. 
1,460. 

Marcelcave,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Somme.     P.  1,591. 

Marcelun  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Is^re,  21m.  W.S.W.  Greno- 
ble.    P.  2,754. II.  a  vill.,  dep.  Loire, 

9  m.  S.E.  Montbrison.  P.  1,740.— ^Jare 
Marcello  is  a  vill.  of  Tuscany,  30  m. 
N.W.  Florence. 

Marcellus,  a  tnshp.,  Onondaga  co. 
N.  Y.,  141  m.  S.W.  Albany.     P.  2,759. 

Marcenat,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Cantal.     P.  2,^90. 

March,  a  market  town  of  Engl.,  co. 
Cambridge.  P.  5,706. — March,  a  river 
of  the  Austrian  empire,  flows  S.  through 


mar] 


UNIVRRSAL    GAZETTEER, 


479 


Moravia,  &  joins  the  Danube.  L.  180 
miles. 

Mabche,  an  old  prov.  of  Central 
France. 

Marche-en-Famene,  a  town  of  Bel- 
gium, on  the  Marchette,  44  m.  N.N.W. 
Arlon.     P.  1,400. 

Marchena,  a  town  of  Spain,  29  m. 
E.S.E.  Sevilla.     P.  13,598. 

Marchiennes,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Nord,   19  m.  S.S.E.  Lille. 

P.  2,217. II.   {au  Pont),  a  vill.  of 

Belgium,  on  the  Sambre,  2  m.  W.  Char- 
leroi. 

Marciac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gers.    P.  1,870. 

Mar  CI  ANA,  a  town  of  Tuscany,  in  the 
isl.  Elba.  P.  1,636.  Near  it,  on  the  N. 
coast  of  the  isl.,  is  M.  Marina,  with  a 
harbor.     P.  1,794. 

Maecianisi,  a  town  of  Naples,  3  m. 
S.W.  Caserta.     P.  6,600. 

Marcigny,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Saone-et-Loire,  on  the  Loire.  P. 
2,547. 

Marcillac,  sevl.  comms.  &  vills.  of 

France. 1,  dep  .  Aveyron.     P.   1,740. 

II.  dep.  Charente,   15  m.  N.W.  An- 

goulSme.    P.  1,470. III.  dep.  Gironde. 

P.  1,910. IV.  dep.  Correze.     P.  1,790, 

V.  dep.  Lot,  24  m.  E.  Cahors. 

Marcillat,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 

dep.  Allier. II.  a  hamlet,  dep.  Puy- 

de-Dume. 

Marckolsheim,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  B.  Rhiu.     P.  2,390. 

Marcoing,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dop.  Nord.     P.  1,631. 

Marcolez,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Cantal.     P.  1,590. 

Maecon,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Sarthe.     P.  2,014. 

Marcouf  (St.),  two  islets  off  the  N. 
coast  of  France,  dep.  Manche,  in  the 
English  channel. 

Marcoussis,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  10  m.  S.S.E.  Ver- 
sailles.    P.  1,360. 

MARca,  a  vilL  of  Belgium,   1  m.  W. 

Enghien.     P.  2,000. *ll.  {en  Bareuil), 

a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Nord.  P.  3,586. — 
Marcquette,  a  vill.  adjacent. 

Marcy,  p-t.,  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.   P.  1,857. 

Mardin,  a  fortified  town  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  57  m.  S.E.  Diarbekir. 

Maeds-en-Othe  (St.),  a  comm.  & 
town  of  France,  dep.  Aube.     P.  1,680. 

Maeeb,  a  river  of  Abyssinia,  joins  the 

Atbara.     L.   250   m. II.  a  town   of 

Arabia,  80  m.  N.E.  Sana. 

Maeecchia,  a  river  of  Central  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta.     L.  38  m. 


Mahbe  (Loch),  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co. 
Eoss,  near  the  W.  coast.    L.  20  m. 

Maremma  (La),  a  marshy  region  of 
W.  Italy,  forming  the  S.  part  of  Tus- 
cany. 

Maeene,  a  small  town  of  Piedmont, 
4  m.  N.E.  Savigliano.     P.  2.377. 

Marengo,  W.  co.  Ala.     Area,  975  sq. 

m.     Cap.  Linden.    P.  27,830. II.  p-t., 

Calhoun  co.  Mich.     P.  1,000.: III.  a 

vill.  of  Piedmont,  2  m.  S.E.  Alessandria, 
memorable  for  the  battle  of  14th  June 
1800,  between. Napoleon  &  the  Austrians, 
in  which  the  latter  were  completely  de- 
feated. 

Maeennes,  a  comm.  &  seaport  town 
of  France,  dep.  Charente  Inf.,  on  the  At- 
lantic.    P.  1,854. 

Maeetz,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Nord,  12  m.  S.E.  Cambrai.  P. 
2,485. 

Maeeuil,  several  comms.  &  vills.  of 

France!^ 1,   dep.    Cher,    17    m.   S.W. 

Bourges.       P.    1,600. II.    a  market 

town,  dep.  Dordogne,  cap.  cant.,  10  m. 

S.W.  Nontron.      P.   1,660. IIL  dep. 

Vendee.     P.  1,500. 

Margallaway,  r.,  N.  H.,  41  m.  long. 

Maegaeetta,  p-t.,  Erie  co.  0.  P. 
1,101. 

Maegarita,  an  island  in  the  Carib- 
bean sea,  Venezuela,  dep.  &  30  m.  N. 
Cumana,  off  the  coast  of  S.  America.  L. 
45  m..;  br.  5  to  20  m.  P:  15,000.  It 
consists  of  two  principal  elevated  por- 
tions united  by  a  low  isthmus.  The 
channel  of  Margarita,  between  it  &  the 
mainland,  is  20  m.  across. 

Margarita  (Santa),  an  island  off  the 
W.  coasf  of  Lower  California.     L.  45  m., 

gr.  bv.  15  m. -11.  a  town  of  Sicily,  42 

m.  N.W.  Girgenti.     P.  7,000. 

Maegaeiti,  a  town  of  Europlan  Tur- 
key, Epirus,  5  m.  N.  Parga.     P.  6,000.(7) 

Maegate,  a  seaport  &  watering-place 
of  England,  co.  Kent,  on  the  N.  sea,  80 
m.  E.S.E.  London.     P.  11,050. 

Margeride,  a  chain  of  mountains  of 
France,  between  the  basins  of  the  Allier 
&  Lot. 

Marghilan,  a  town  of  independent 
Tarkestan,  state  &  20  m.  S.E.  Khokhan. 

Marghill,  a  vill.  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
4  m.  N.  Bassorah. 

Margonin,  a  town  of  Prussian  Po- 
land, 40  m.  W.S.W.  Bromberg.  P. 
1,990. 

Maegueeite  (Ste.),  a  river  of  Lower 

Canada,  joins  the  Sagftenay. -II-  the 

largest  of  the  isles  Lerins,  coast  of 
France. 

Margubhittes,  a  comm.  &  town  of 


480 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[mar 


France,  dep.  Gard,  4  m.  N.E.  Mmes.     P. 
1,910. 

Maria  Island,  Tasmania,  is  off  the 
E.  coast  of  Van  Diemen's  Land,  about  2^ 
m.  from  the  coast. 

Mahiampol,  a  town  of  Poland,  palat. 
AugustSw,  on  the  Szezupa,  36  m.  N.E. 
Suwalki.     P.  2,375. 

Marianna,  an  episcopal  city  of  Bra- 
zil, 45  m.  N.E.  Ouro  Preto      P.  5,200. 

Marianna,  p-v.,  cap.  Jackson  co.  Ga. 

Marianne,  or  Dieb's  Isls. 

Mariano,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy,  9 
m.  S.S.E.  Como.     P.  4,000. 

Mariapol,  a  maritime  town  of  S. 
Russia,  on  the  Kalmious,  near  its  mouth 
in  the  sea  of  Azov.     P.  3,800. 

Marias  (Las  Tres,  "  The  Three  Ma- 
ries"), 3  islands  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  off 
the  W.  coast  of  Mexico,  the  middle  or 
largest  being  15  m.  in  length,  hj  8  m.  in 
breadth. 

Maria  Schein  &  Maria  Stein,  two 

places  of  pilgrimage  in  Europe. 1,  in 

Bohemia,  17  m.  N.N.W.  Leitmeritz. 

II.  in  Switzerland,  8  m.  S.W.  Basle. 

Maria-Theresianopel,  a  town  of 
Central  Hungary. 

Mariazell,  a  market  town  of 
Styria,  60  m.  S.AV.  Vienna.  P.  900.  It 
is  famous  for  a  shrine  &  notable  image 
of  the  Virgin,  which  attracts  hither  about 
100,000  pilgrims  annually. 

Majribo,  a  town  of  Denmark,  near 
the  centre  of  the  isl.  Laaland.     P.  1,400. 

Marica,  a  town  of  Brazil,  23  m.  B. 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake 
Marica,  3  m.  from  the  Atlantic.  P. 
6,000. 

Marickpoor,  a  town  of  British  India, 
40  m.  S.E.  Cuttack. 

Marie  (Sainte),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  B.  Pyrenees,  near  Oleron. 

P.  3,183. II.  a  comm.  in  the  French 

colony  of  the  island   Bourbon,  on  its  N. 

coast.       P.  S,527. :III.  a  town  of  the 

French  colony  in  the  island  Martinique, 

on  its  N.E.  side.     P.  4,854. IV.  a  vill. 

of  the  island  Guadeloupe,  3  m.  N.  Ca- 

besterre. V.  an  island  off  the  E.  coast 

of  Madagascar.     L.  30  m.,  br.  5  m.     P. 
5,000. 

Marie  Atjdenhove  (Sainte),  a  vill. 
of  Belgium,  8  m.  E.  Audenarde.  P. 
2,000. — Kis  Maria  is  a  mkt.  town  of 
Hungary,  22  m.  S.E.  Debreczin.  P. 
1,861. 

Marie- Aux- Mines  (Sainte),  a  comm. 
&  town  of  France,  dep.  H.  Rhin,  14  m. 
N.W.  Colmar.     P.  7,724. 

Mariefred,  a  town  of  Sweden,  37  m. 
N.E.  Nykoping.     P.  1,000. 


Marie  Galante,  one  of  the  French 
W.  India  islands,  S.S.E.  Guadeloupe,  20 
N.  Dominica.  Estim.  area,  60  sq.  m.  P. 
13,889.  . 

Marienbad,  a  vill.  of  Bohemia. 

Marienberg,  a  town  of  Saxony.  P. 
4,447. 

Marienburg,  a  town  of  "W.  Prussia, 
27  m.  S.E.  Dantzic.     P.  6,050. 

Mahienburg  (Lettish  Allohksne),  a 
mkt.  town  of  Russia,  on  the  lake  of  same 

name,  57  m.  S.W.  Pskov.  P.  2,000. II. 

a  vill.  of  Transylvania. 

Marienwerder,  the  cap.  city  of  TV. 
Prussia,  45  m.  S.S.E.  Danzig.     P.  7,600. 

Mariestad,  a  town  of  Sweden,  on 
Lake  Wenern,  156  m.  W.S.W.  Stockholm. 
P.  2,500. 

Marietta,  a  tnshp.,  state  &  on  the 
Ohio,  at  the  influx  of  the  Muskingum, 
94  m.  E.S.E.  Columbus.  P.  1,814.  It 
has  many  factories,  &  a  collegiate  insti- 
tution. It  is  the  oldest  town  in  the  state. 
Near  it  are  some  curious  ancient  mounds. 
II.  p-v.,  cap.  Cobb  co.  Ga. 

Marigliano,  a  town  of  Naples,  3J  m. 
W.  Nola.     P.  3,800. 

Marignaneb,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town 
of  France,  dep.  Bouches-du-RhOne,  on  a 
lagoon,  14  miles  S.S.W.  Aix.     P.  1,959. 

Marignano,  a  market  town  of  Aus- 
trian Italv,  11  miles  S.E.  Milan.  P. 
4,000. 

Marigny,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Manche,  7  m.  W.  St.  LG.     P.  1,506. 

II.  {L'JSglise),    a   comm.   &    town, 

dep.  Nievre,  20  m.  E.S.E.  Clamecy.     P. 
1,820. 

Marigot  (Le),  several  vills.  of  the  W. 

Indies. 1.    Martinique,    on    its   N.E. 

coast,  &   having  one  of  its  best  ports  at 

the   mouth  of  a  small  river. II.  St. 

Martin,  on   its   N.   coast,   &  cap.  of  its 

French  portion. III.  {des  Roseaux), 

St.  Lucia,  on  its  W.  coast. IV.  Ma- 
rie Galante. V.  Guadeloupe. 

Marin,  co.,  California. 

Marin  (Le),  a  vill.  of  the  isl.  Mar- 
tinique, on  its  S.' coast,  at  the  head  of  a 
bay,  16  m.  S.E.  Port  Royal.     P.  2,907. 

II.  a  town  of  Spain,  5  m.  S.W.  Pon- 

tevedra,  on  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic.     P. 
3,244. 

Marinduque,  an  isl.  of  the  E.  archi- 
pelago, Philippines,  S.  of  Luzon.  L.  40 
m. ;  br.  10  m. 

Marineo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  11m.  S.E. 
Palermo.    P.  6,000. 

Marines,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  8  m.  N.W.  Pontoise. 
P.  1,600. 

Maringues,    a    comm.    &    town    of 


mak] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


481 


France,  dep.  Puy-de-DOme,  11  miles 
W.N.W.  Thiers.     P.  3,269. 

Marinha-Grande,  a  vill.  of  Portugal, 
prov.  Estremadura,  5  m.  N.W.  Leiria. 
P.  1,600. 

Marinilla,  a  town  of  S.  America, 
New  Granada,  18  m.  E.  Medellin.  P. 
5,000(7). 

Marino,  a  mkt.  town  of  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.     P.  5,070. 

Marion,  E.  dist.,  S.  C.  Area,  1,200 
sq.    m.     Cap.  Marion   c.  h.     P.  17,407. 

ir.  S.W.  CO.  Ga.     Area,  330  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Tazewell.     P.  10,280. III.  N.W. 

eo.  Ala.     Area,  1,144  sq.  m.     Cap.  Pike- 

viUe.  P.  7,833. IV.  S.co.  Miss.    Area, 

1,476  sq.  m.     Cap.  Columbia.     P.  4,410. 

V.  S.E.  CO.  Tenn.     Area,  600  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Jasper.     P.  6,314. VI.  a  central 

CO.  Kv.  Area,  276  sq.  m.  Cap.  Leba- 
non. P.  11,765. VII.  N.  CO.  0.    Area, 

530  sq.  m.    P.  12,61 8-.— The  cap.  Marion, 

h  44  m.  N.  Columbus.    P.  1,639. VIII. 

a  central  co.  la.     Area,  400  sq.  m.     Cap. 

Indianapolis.  P.  24,013. IX.  a  central 

CO.  III.     Area,  576  sq.  m.     Cap.  Salera. 

P.  6,720. X.  N.E.  CO.  Mo.     Area,  425 

8q.  m.    Cap.  Palmyra.    P.  12,230. XI. 

N.  CO.  Ark.     Area,  800  sq.  m.    Cap.  Yell- 

ville.     P  .  2,302. XII.  co.   Iowa.     P. 

5,482. XIII.   CO.,    Oregon   terr       P. 

2,749. XIV.  p-t.,  Wayne  eo.  N.  Y.  P. 

1,839. XV.  t.,  Athens  co.  0.    P.  1,079. 

XVI.  t.,  Putnam  co.  la.     P.  1,030. 

XVII.  p-v.,  cap.  Smyth  co.  Va. 

XVIII.  p-v.,  cap.    Twiggs   co.   Ga. 

XIX.  p-v.,  cap.  Grant  co.   la. XX. 

p-v.,  cap.  Williamson   co.  111. XXI. 

p-v.,  cap.  Perry  CO.  Ala.     P.  1,000. 

XXII.   p-v.,  cap.    Lauderdale  co.    Miss. 

-XXIII.  p-v.,  cap.  CO.    Mo.     P.  900. 

XXIV.  p-v.,  cap.  Linn  co.  Iowa. 

XXV.  p-v.,  cap.  Crittenden  eo.  Ark. 

XXVI.  t.,    Monroe   co.   Mo.     P.    1,686. 

XXVII,  t.,   Ray  co.  Mo.     P.  1,000. 

XXVIII.  t.,  Saline  co.  Mo.     P.  763. 

XXIX.  CO.,  W.  Va.     P.  10,552. 

XXX.  t.,  Mercer  co.  0.     P.  1,010. 

Marion  City,  p-v.,  Marion  co.  Mo. 
P.  400. 

Marion,  &  Crozet,  a  group  of  4  isls., 
Indian  ocean,  lat.  45°  30'  S.,  Ion.  47° 
20'  E. 

Mariopol,  a  town  of  Russ.,  with  a  port 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Kamisus,  in  the  sea  of 
Azov.     P.  4,000. 

Mariposa,  co.,  California. 

MARiauiTA,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  New 
Granada,  10  m.  W.  Honda. 

Maritimo,  an  isl.  of  the  Mediterra- 
nean, off  the  W.  coast  of  Sicily. 

Maritza,  the  principal  river  of  Ru-  | 

21 


mill,  European  Turkey,  enters  the  .^gean 
sea,  opposite  Enos.     L.  260  m. 

Marjaow,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  15  m. 
N.  Onore. 

Markdorf,  a  town  of  S.  Germany, 
Baden,  11  m.  E.N.E.  Constance.  P.  1,476. 

Market-Harborough,  a   mkt.    town 
of  England,  co.  &  16^  m.  S.S.E.  Leicester. 
Markethill,  a  rakt.  town  of  Ireland. 
Ulster.     P.  1,424. 

Markgroningen,  a  town  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  6  m.  W.N.W.  Ludwigsburg.  P. 
2,759.  • 

Mahklissa,  a  town  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, 42  m.  W.S.W.  Liegnitz.    P.  1,470. 

Makkovitshi,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia, 
22  m.  S.E.  Novo-Bielitza.     P.  1,650. 

Markovka,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia, 
145  m.  S.  Voroniej.     P.  1,200. 

Markranstadt,  &  Marksuhl,  two 
small  towns  of  Germany. 1,  in  Sax- 
ony, 7  m.  S.S.W.  Leipzig.     P.  1,030. 

II.  duchy  Saxe- Weimar,  6  m.  S.W.  Eise- 
nach.    P.  1,073. 

Marksville,  p-v.,  cap.  Avoyelles  pa. 
La. 

Markt-,  a  prefix  of  the  names  of  nu- 
merous small  towns  &  vills.  of  S.  Ger- 
many. 

Marlborough,  N.E.  dist.  S.  C.  Area, 
480  sq.  m.     Cap.  Bennettsville.     P.  17,- 

407. II.  t.,  Windham  CO.  Vt.   P.  1,027. 

III.  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.  Mass.      P. 

2,101. IV.  p-t.,   Ulster  co.  N.  Y.    P. 

2,405. V.  t.,  Montgomery  co.  Pa.     P. 

1,140. VL  t..  Stark  co.O.     P.  1,671. 

VII.  t.,  Delaware   co.  0.     P.  1,182. 

VIII.  town  of  England,  co.  Wilts,  on 

the  Kennet,  26  m.  E.N.E.  Salisbury. 

Marle,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aisne,  14  m.  N.E.  Laon.     P.  1,884. 

Marlenheim,  a  comm .  &  vill.of  France, 
dep.  B.  Rhin,  12  m.  W.N  JV.  Strasbourg. 
P.  1,789. 

Marlow  (Great),  a  town  of  England, 
CO.  Bucks,  on  the  Thames. 

Marmt-le-Koi,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  4  m.  N.  Ver- 
sailles. 

Marmande,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Lot-et-Garonr\e,  on  the  Garonne,  30 
m.  N.W.  Agen.     P.  5,199. 

Marmanhac,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Cantal.     P.  2,000. 

Marmirolo,  a  vill.  of  Austr.  Italy,  6 
m.  N.W.  Mantua. 

Marmolejo,  a  vill.  of  Spain,  23  m. 
N.W.  Jaen.     P.  2,020. 

Marmora,  an  island  of  the  Turkish 
dom.,  in  the  sea  of  Marmora.    L.  11  m. ; 

b.  5  m.^ ir.  a  large  vill.of  Asia- Minor, 

Anatolia,  56  m.  E.N.E.  Smyrna. 


482 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY'. 


MAR 


Mabmora,  a  sea  in  the  basin  of  the 
Mediterranean,  betw.  European  &  Asiat- 
ic Turkey.  Length,  including  the  gulf 
of  Izmid  on  E.,  172  m.,  greatest  breadth, 
55  m.  It  communicates  with  the  Black 
sea  by  the  strait  of  Constantinople,  & 
with  the  Mediterranean  by  that  of  the 
Dardanelles. 

Mabmorice,  a  maritime  town  of  Asia- 
Minor,  Anatolia,  ■S.AV.  coast,  at  the  head 
of  the  bay  of  Marmorice,  27  m.  N.  Rhodes. 
—  Cape  Marmorice  is  at  the  entrance  of 
the  bay. 

Marmoutier,  a  comm.  &  town.  France, 
dep.  B.  Rhin,  17  m.  N.W.  Strasbourg.  P. 
2,460. 

Marne,  a  river  of  France,  rises  S.  of 
Langres,  &  joins  the  Seine.     L.  210  m. 

Marne,  a  dep.  of  France,  in  the  N.E. 
Area,  3,214  sq.  m.  Chief  rivs.,  the  Marne, 
&  the  Seine.     P.  373,302. 

Marne  (Haute),  a  dep.  of  France,  in 
the  N.E.    Area,  2,482  sq.  jn.    P.  268,398. 

Maroilles,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Nord,  B  m.  W.  Avesnes.     P.  2,219. 

Marolles  les  Abaux,  a  comm.  & 
town  of  France,  dep.  Sarthe.     P.  2,180. 

Mabomme,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine  Inf.,  3  m.  N.W.  Rouen.  P. 
2,939. 

Maroot,  a  fortified  town  of  India,  64 
m.  E.  Bhawlpoor. 

Maros,  a  river  of  Transylvania,  flows 
"W.,  &  joins  the  Theiss.     L"!  400  miles. 

Maros,    several  vills.  of  Hungary  & 

Transylv. 1.  Hungary,  co.  Honth,  21 

to.  N.N.W.  Pesth. II.  (M.   Ujvar), 

Transylv.,  on  the    Maros,   25  m.  N.N.E. 

Karlsburg. III.     {M.    Vasarhely),    a 

town  of  Transylvania. 

Marostica,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy, 
&  15  m.  N.E.  Vicenza.     P.  3,000. 

Maroth-Aranyos.  a  town  of  N.W. 
Hungary,  13  m.  N.E.  Neutra.     P.  1,900. 

Marowyne,  a  river  of  S.  America, 
which  forms  the  limit  between  Dutch  & 
French  Guiana.     L.  400  miles. 

Marquesas,  or  Mendana  Islands,  a 
group  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  between  lat. 
8°  &  11°  S.,  &  Ion.  140  W.,  comprising  13 
islands,  the  principal  being  Nukaheeva, 
70  m.  in  circuit.    Estim.  pop.  of  the  group 

15,000   to    20,000.- II.  N.   co.  Wis. 

Area,  370  sq.  m.  P.  8,642.  Cap.  Mar- 
quette.  III.  a  river,  enters  Lake  Mi- 
chigan, 50  m.  N.  of  Grand  river.    L.  70  m. 

MARauiNA.  a  small  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Biscay,  15  m.  E.  Bilbao.     P.  1,132. 

Marquise,  a<5omm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Pas-de-Calais.    P.  1,952. 

Marrabu,  a  town  of  W.  Africa,  on  the 
JoUba,  120  m.  W.S.W.  Sego. 


Marbadi,  a  vill.  of  Tuscany,  28  m. 
N.E.  Florence.     P.  1,300. 

Mabrah,  two  towns  of  Syria. 

Mars  (St.),  several  comms.  &  vills.  of 

France. 1,  {d' Egrine),  dep.  Orne,  4 

S.W.   Domfront.    P.  2,400. II.  {de  la 

Brilre),  dep.  Sarthe.     P.  1,580. III. 

{d'Ouiille),  same  dep.     P.  2,230. IV. 

(la  Jaille),  dep.  Loire  Inf.    P.  1,650.— — 
V.  {sous  Ballon),  dep.  Sarthe.     P.  1,640. 

Marsac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Puy-de-DOme,  37  m.  S.E.  Clermont. 
P.  3,300. 

Marsal,  a  comm.  &  small  town  of 
France,  dep.  Meurthe,  5  m.  E.S.B.  ChJ- 
teau-Salins. 

Marsala,  a  fortified  seaport  city  of 
Sicily,  on  its  W.  coast,  16  m.  S.3.W. 
Trapani.     P.  20,000. 

Marsberg,  two  contiguous  towns  of 
Prussian  Westphalia,  33  m.  E.  Arnsberg. 
United  p.  3,448. 

Marsciano,  a  smiill  town  of  Central 
Italy,  Pontif.  sta.,  14  m.  S.W.  Perugia. 
P.  2,400. 

Mars-Diep,  a  strait  in  Holland,  sepa- 
rating the  island  Texel  from  the  main- 
land, 2  m.  across. 

Marseillan,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Herault,  15  m.  E.  Beziers. 
P.  3,534. 

Marseille,  a  comm.  &  city  of  the  S. 
of  France,  cap.  dep.  Bouches-du-Rhone, 
420  m.  S.S.E,  Paris.  P.  133,216.  It  is 
composed  of  an  old  &  a  new  town,  the 
former  on  heights,  with  numerous  crook- 
ed streets  ;  the  latter,  which  comprises 
two  thirds  of  its  extent,  has  wide  & 
straight  streets.  Marseille  has  few  pub- 
lic buildings  of  architectural  importance, 
except  the  hotel  de  Ville  ;  its  lazaretto  is 
the  largest  in  the  world.  The  harbor, 
though  the  receptacle  of  the  filth  of  the 
city,  is  the  most  commercial  in  France, 
&  capable  of  containing  1.200  vessels  ; 
its  entrance,  which  admits  only  one  ves- 
sel at  a  time,  is  defended  by  two  hills. 
Its  commerce  in  the  wines  &  fruits  of 
the  south,  cork,  &  anchovies,  which  has 
flourished  for  24  centuries,  extends  to 
all  parts  of  the  world.  Marseille,  foun- 
ded by  the  Phoenicians  in  600  b.c,  served 
as  a  refuge  for  them  from  the  vengeance 
of  Cyrus. 

Marshall,  N.  CO.  Va.     Area,  350  sq. 

m.     Cap.  Elizabethtown.     P.  10,138. 

II.  S.  CO.  Tenn.     Area,  200  sq.  m.     Gap. 

Lewisburg.     P.  15,616. III.  N.E.  co. 

Ala.     Area,  600  sq.  m.     Cap.  Warrenton. 

P.  8,846. IV.  N.  CO.  Miss.     Area,  800 

sq.  m.     Cap.  Holly  Springs.     P.  29,689. 
V.N.  00.  la.    Area,  440  sq.m.    Cap. 


mar] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


483 


Plymouth.     P.  5,348. VI.  a   central 

CO.  111.     Area,   384  sq.  m.     Cap.  Lacon. 

P.  5,180. VII.  CO.  Iowa.    P.  338. 

VIII.  p-t.,  Oneida  co.  N.Y.     P.  2,115. 

IX.  p-t.,  Calhoun  eo.  Mich.  P.  1,763. 

X.  p-v.,  cap.  Clark  co.  III. XI. 

Cap.  Saline  co.  Mo. 

Marshall  Islands,  a  small  group  in 
the  Pacific  ocean,  Mulgrave  archipelago. 

Marshfieli>,  a  market  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.   Gloucester,    13  m.  E.  Bristol. 

II.  t.,  Washington  CO.  Vt.    P.  1,156. 

III.  t.,  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  P.  1,761. 

Mars  Hill,  Me.,  an  isolated  moun- 
tain of  two  peaks,  the  highest  1,506  feet 
above  the  waters  of  St.  John's  r. 

Marshpee,  town,  Bai;nstable  eo.  Mass. 
An  ancient  settlement  of  the  Indians,  & 
still  occupied  by  their  descendants  of  a 
mixed  blood.     P.  300. 

Marsico  Nuovo,  an  episcopal  city  of 
Naples,  18  m!  S.  Potenza.  P.  7,400.— 
Marsico  Vetera  is  a  town,  4  m.  E.S.E. 
Marsico  Nuovo.     P.  3,000. 

Marsigliana,  a  vill.  of  Tuscany,  19 
m.  S.E.  Grosseto.    P.  2,000. 

Marsillargues,  a  coram.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Herault,  15  m.  E.N.E. 
Montpellier.    P.  3,429. 

Marsivan,  a  large  vill.  of  Asia- Minor, 
24  m.  W.N.AV.  Amasia.  It  is  stated  to 
comprise  5,000  houses. 

Marstal,  a  seaport  town  of  Denmark, 
duchy  Schleswig,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the 
island  ^roe,  in  the  Baltic.     P.  2,100. 

Marstrand,  a  seaport  town  of  W. 
Sweden,  20  m.  N.W.  Gothenburg,  on  an 
island  in  the  Kattegat.     P.  1,200. 

Martaban,  a  frontier  town  of  the 
Burmese  dom.,  cap.  prov.,  on  the  Saluen 
river,  near  its  mouth,  10  m.  N.W.  Maul- 
main. 

Martaban  (Gulf  of),  an  inlet  of  the 
bay  of  Bengal. 

Martano,  a  town  of  S.  Italy,  Naples, 
12  m.  W.N.W.  Otranto.     P.  2,500. 

Martee-Khan-Ka-Tanda,  a  town  of 
Scinde,  near  the  Indus,  16  m.  S.W.  Khyr- 
poor. 

Martel,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Lot,  35  m.  N.N.E.  Cahors.  P. 
1,776. 

Marthalen,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  18 
m.  N.N.E.  Ziirich,  near  the  Rhine.  P. 
1,140. 

Martha's  Vineyard,  an  island,  lies 
off  the  S.  shore  of  Massachusetts,  W.N.W. 
of  Nantucket  island.  It  is  21  m.  in 
length,  &  contains  S  towns,  Edgartown 
being  the  cap. 

Martib,  town,  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  P. 
2,453. 


Martignano,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy, 
deleg.  &   19  m.  E.S.E.  Cremona,  on  the 

Po.      P.    1,450. II.    Naples,    prov. 

Otranto,  9  m.  S.S.E.  Lecoe. 

Martigne-Briand,  a  comm.  &  mkt. 
town  of  France,  dep.  Maine-et-Loire,  16 
m.  W.  Saumur.  P.  2,186.— Af.  Ferchaud 
is  a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  lUe.-et-Vilaine, 
21  m.  S.S.W.  Vitre.     P.  3,586. 

Martignv,  La  Ville,  a  town  of  Swit- 
zerland, cant.  Valais,  17  m.  W.S.W.  Sion. 
P.  1.000.— Jkf.-Ze  BouTg  is  a  mkt.  town,  J 
m.  S.  of  Martigny.     P.  2,457. 

Martigues,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  B.-du-RhOne,  21  m.  S.W.  Aix.  P. 
5,412. 

Martin,  E.  co.  N.  C.    Area,  481  sq.  m. 

Cap.  WiOiamston.    P.  8,307. IL  S.W. 

CO.  la.  Area,  300  sq.  m.  Cap.  Mount 
Pleasant.     P.  5,941. 

Martin  (St.),  one  of  the  W.  India 
islands,  the  N.  part  belonging  to  the 
French,  &  the  S.  to  the  Dutch,  between 
Anguilla  &  St.  Bartholomew.  Area,  30 
sq.  m..  P.  of  French  portion  3,869  ;  of 
Dutch  portion  2,691. 

Mari  in  (St.),  one  of  the  Scilly  islands, 
off  the  W.  coast  of  Cornwall'.  P.  214. 
li.  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  Pata- 
gonia, S.  Madre  de  Dios. —  St.  Martin's 
Keys,  Florida,  are  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico. 
Lat.  28°  42'  N.,  Ian.  83°  30'  W. 

Martin   (St.),   numerous   comms.    & 

small  towns,  &c.,  of  France. 1,  {aux 

Buneanx),  dep.  Seine  Inf.,  close  to  the 

English   channel.     P.    1,700. II.    {d' 

Auxigny),  dep.  Cher,  cap.  cant.     P.  1,- 

760. III.    {de    Bethisy),    dep.    Oise. 

P.    1,460. IV.    {de    Courtisols),  dep. 

Marne.     P.  1,960. V.  {de  Landelle), 

dep.  Manche,  15  m.  S.W.  Mortain.     P. 

2,000. VI.  {de  Queyrih-es),  dep.  H. 

Alps,  5  m.  S.S.W.  Brianfon.     P.  1,350. 

^VII.  {de  ffie),  dep.  Charente  Inf.,  cap. 

cant.,  11  m.  N.N.W.  La  Rochelle,  on  the 
E.  coast  of  the  isl.  Re,  in  the  Atlantic.  P. 
2,107. VIII.  {de  Sallen),  dep.  Calva- 
dos.    P.    1,400. -IX.    {de    Seignaux), 

dep.  Landes,  20  m.  S.W.  Dax.     P.  2,170. 

X.  {de  Soulan),  dep.  Ariege,  6  m. 

S.E.  St.  Girons.     P.  1,830. XI.   {des 

Traux),  dep.  Loire,  17  m.  N.W.  Roanne. 

P.  2,500. XII.  {de  Tournon),  dep.  In- 

dre,  on  the  Creu?e,  34  m.   W.S.W.  Cha- 

teauroux.     P.  1,500. XIII.  {de  Vala- 

mas),  dep.  Ardeche,  17  m.  N.W;  Privas. 

P.  1,973. XIV.  {du  Mont),  dep.  Ain, 

8  m.  S.E.  Bourg.     P.  1,726. XV.  {d' 

ZJHa^e),  dep.  Isere,  7.m.  S.E.Grenoble, 

P.  2,591. XVI.  {du  Vieux  Belleme), 

dep.     Orne.       P.    3,012. XVII.     {en 

Haut),  dep.   Rhone,   14  m.  S.W.  Lyon. 


484  • 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[mar 


P.    1,800. XVIII.   Qs  Vignes),  dep. 

Aube,  arr.   Troyes.     P.   2,864. XIX. 

(la   Sauvete),   dep.    Loire,    17   m.    S.W. 

Roanne.     P.    1,500. XX.    (le   Beau), 

dep.  Indre-et-Loire,  near  the  Cher,  ar- 

rond.    Tours.      P.    1,345. XXI.    {en 

JBresse),  dep.*  Saone-et- Loire.     P.  1,814. 

XXII.  {de  Londres),  dep.  Herault. 

P.    1,143. XXIII.    {de    Valgalgues), 

dep.   Gard,    3   m.   N.  Alais. XXIV. 

(Valmeroux),  dep.  Cantal.     P.  1,540. 

Martina,  a  town  of  Naples,  19  m. 
N.N.E.  Taranto.     P.  4,000. 

Martinengo,  a  walled  town  of  Aus- 
trian Italy,  10  m.  S.S.E.  Bergamo.  P. 
3,600. 

Martinique  (La),  one  of  the  French 
"W.  India  isls.,  in  the  windward  group! 
between  lat.  14°  24'  &  14°  53'  N.,  &  Ion'. 
60°  50'  &  61°  18'  W.  P.  117,906.  It  is 
mountainous.  The  numerous  small  rivers 
are  to  turn  sugar- mills.  About  l-4th  of 
the  surface  is  covered  with  dense  forests. 
Soil  fertile,  but  only  l-5th  of  the  super- 
ficies is  cultivated.  Chief  products,  sugar, 
coffee,  &  cacao. 

Martinsberg,  a  market  town  of  W. 
Hungary,  co.  &  12  m.  S.E.  Raab.  P. 
1,893. 

Martinsburg,  p-t.,  &  cap.  Lewis  co. 

N.  Y.   P.  2,677. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Berkley 

CO.  Va.     P.  1,700. 

Martinsville,  p-v.,  cap.  Henry  co. 
Va.     P.  100. 

Martirano,  a  town  of  Naples,  8  m. 
N.  Nicastro.     P.  2,106. 

Martizay,  a  coram.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Indre.     P.  1,932. 

Martock,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl.,  co. 
Somerset. 

Martola  Mariam,  a  town  of  Abys- 
sinia, state  Amhara. 

Marton    (Szent),    several    vills.    of 

Hungary. 1,  co.   Thurocz,  23   m.  N. 

Kremnitz. IL    co.    &    12    m.    S.W. 

0edenburg. III.co.  &  37  m.  S.  Pesth. 

P.  2,304. IV.  CO.  &  12  m.  S.E.  Raab. 

V.  62  m.  N.E.  Debreczin. 

Martohel,  a  town  of  Spain.  Catalonia, 
prov.  &  12  m.  N.W.  Barcelona.  ^.3,106. 

Martory  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Garonne,  11m.  E.N.E. 
St.  Gaudens.     P.  1,200. 

Martos-y-Fuensanta,  a  town  of 
Spain,  prov.  &  16  m.  W.S.W.  Jaen.  P. 
11,072. 

Martees,  several  comms.  &  market 

towns  of  France. 1,  dep.  H.  Garonne, 

24  m.  S.W.  Muret.    P.  1,650. II.  {de 

Veyre),  dep.  Puy-de-D6me,  8  miles  S.E. 
Clermont.     P.  1,929. 

Marvao,  a  fortified  town  of  Portugal, 


on  the    Spanish    frontier,    11    m.   N.B. 

Portalegre.     P.  1,300. II.  a  town  of 

Brazil,    on   the    Marvao,    150   m.   N.B. 
Oeiras.     P.  3,000. 

M  arvejols,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France. 
P.  3,879. 

Marville,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Meuse,  6  m.  S.E.  Montmedy,  with 
1  263  inhabs. 

Maryampol,  a  small  town  of  Austrian 
Galicia,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Dniester. 

Maryborough,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  on  an  affl.  of  the  Barrow,  53| 
m.  S.W.  Dublin.  •  P.  3,633. 

Maryburgh,  a  vill.  of  Scotland,  co. 
Inverness. 

"Mary  (St.),  strait,  forms  the  outlet 
of  Lake  Superior,  &  connects  that  lake 
with  Lake  Huron  ;  it  contains  4  large  & 

several  smaller  isls. II.  a  river  in 

Nova  Scotia. 

Maryland,  one  of  the  U.  States,  be- 
tween lat.  38°  &  39°  44'  N.,  &  Ion.  75° 
10'  &  79°  20'  W.,  surrounded  landward 
by  Delaware,  Pennsylvania,  Virginia,  & 
the  dist.  Columbia.  Area,  13.959  sq.  m. 
P.  in  1840,  469,232,  of  whom  89,737  were 
slaves  ;  in  1850,  583,035,  of  whom  90,368 
were  slaves.  It  is  divided  by  Chesapeake 
bay  into  the  "  E.  &  W.  shores,"  both  of 
which  are  level  near  the  sea,  but  the 
latter  rises  W.-ward  into  a.  hilly  region. 
Principal  rivs.  the  Potomac  &  Susque- 
hanna. Staple  products  are  tobacco, 
large  quantities  of  wheat,  maize  &  oats, 
cotton,  hemp,  flax,  fruits,  &  live  stock. 
Coal,  iron,  &  other  mineral  products  are 
abundant.  The  state  has  355  m.  of  rail- 
ways in  operation,  &  172  m.  in  course  of 
construction.  Value  of  imports  in  1850, 
$6,124,201  ;  of  exports,  $6,967,353. 
Public  debt  (1851)  $40,316,362  44  ;  pro- 
ductive property  owned  by  the  state, 
$32,112,735  85.  Maryland  is  divided 
into  21  COS.,  &  sends  6  representatives  to 
Congress.  Principal  towns,  Annapolis, 
the  cap.,  Baltimore  the  chief  port,  & 
Fredericktown.  This  state  was  first  col- 
onized in  1634  by  Lord  Baltimore  &  other 

Roman  Catholics. II.  p-t.,  Otsego  co. 

N.Y.^   P.  2,152. 

Marylebone,  a  pa.  of  Engl.,  co.  Mid- 
dlesex, forming  the  N.W.  quarter  of  the 
metropolis. 

Maryport,  a  seaport  town  of  England, 
CO.  Cumberland. 

Mary's  (St.),  the  largest  of  the  Scilly 
isls.,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Cornwall,  2J  m. 
in  |,ength,  by  IJ  m.  in  breadth.  P.  1,545. 
Marysville,  p-v.,  cap.  Blount  co. 
Tenn.,  183  m.  E.S.E.  Nashville.  It  is 
the  seat  of  the  S.W.  theo.  sem. 


mas] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


485 


Marzano,  a  town  of  Naples,  24  m, 
E.N.E.  Gaeta.    P.  1,400. 

Mas  (Le),   a  coinm.  &  small  town  of 

France. 1.    (Le   M.   Agenais),    dep. 

Lot-et-Gai'onne,    on  the   Garonne,    7  in. 

W.N.W.  Marmande.     P.   1,416. 11. 

(M.  de  Azil),  dep.  Ariege,  12  m.  W.S.W. 
Pamiers.  P.  I,b90.—Mas  de  las  Matas 
is  a  town  of  Spain.     P.  1,809. 

Mas-a-fueea,  a  rocky  isl.,  Pacific  0., 
belonging  to  Chile,  110  m.  W.  the  isl. 
Juan  Fernandez,  &  rising  to  2,300  feet 
above  the  ocean.  It  is  about  10  m.  in 
circumference. 

Masaya,  a  town  of  Central  Amer., 
state  &  40  m.  N.W.  Nicaragua.  P. 
13,000.(7) 

Masbate,  one  of  the  Philippine  isls., 
E.  archipelago.  L.  70  m. ;  av.  br.  20 
miles. 

Mascal,  an  island  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  in  the  bay  of  Bengal. 

Mascali,  a  seaport  town  of  Sicily, 
18  m.  N.N.E.  Catania,  near  the  foot  of 
Mount  ^tna.     P.  4,000. 

Mascalucia,  a  town  of  Sicily,  5  m. 
N.  Catania.     P.  2,000. 

Mascara,  a  town  of  Algeria,  prov.  & 
45  m.  S.E.  Oran.  P.  2,481  (751  Euro- 
peans). 

Mascarene  Isles,  a  collective  name 
of  the  islands  Bourbon,  Mauritius,  & 
Rodriguez. 

Masham,  a  mkt.  town  of  England,  co. 
York,  N.  Biding.     P.  1,318. 

Mashow,  a  town  of  S.  Africa,  about 
115  m.  N.E.  Lattakoo.     P.  10,000.(7) 

Masi,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy,  28 
miles  S.W.  Padua,  on  the  Adige.  P. 
2,220. 

Maskeyon,  riv.,  Mich.,  «nters  Lake 
Michigan.     L.  175  m.  - 

Mason,  co;.  W.  Va.     Area,  875  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Point  Pleasant.     P.  7,539. II. 

N.E.  CO.  Ky.     Area,  260  sq.  m.     Cap. 

"Washington.  P.  18,344. Ill.t.,  Hills- 

boro'    CO.    N.  H.     P.    1,275. IV.    t., 

Marion  co.  Mo.    P.  1,953. V.  co.,  111. 

P.  5,921. 

Masonville,  p-t.,  Del.  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
1,550. 

Masovia,  the  name  of  a  former  palat. 
of  Poland. 

Massa,    a  walled   town  of  N.  Italy, 

frand  duchy  &  53  m.  S.S.W.  Tuscany. 
:  1,400. 

Massac,  co,.  111.  P.  4,092. 
Massachusetts,  one  of  the  U.  S.,  in 
the  E.^  part  of  the  Union,  having  E.  & 
S.E.  the  Atlantic,  &  landward  the  spates 
New  Hnmpshire,  Vermont,  New  York, 
Conneotiout,    &   Rhode   Island.       Area, 


7,500  sq.  m.  P.  in  1840,  737,699;  in 
1850,  992,888.  Surface  descends  pro- 
gressively from  the  W.  to  the  sea,  where  it 
terminates  in  the  peninsula  of  Cape  Cod : 
the  state  comprises  the  isls.  Nantucket, 
k  Martha's  vineyard  in  the  Atlantic. 
Principal  rivers,  the  Connecticut,  Merri- 
mac,  &  Pawtucket.  Soil  not  very  fer- 
tile, &  though  in  many  parts  well  culti- 
vated, less  corn  is  raised  than  is  required 
for  home  consumption.  Massachusetts 
is  a  great  commercial  state.  In  its  ship- 
ping, it  "is  the  first  state  in  the  Union,  & 
has  one  third  of  the  whole  tonnage  of  the 
country.  Value  of  exports  (1850),  $10,- 
681,763;  of  imports,  $30,374,684.  Reg. 
tonnage,  over  half  a  million.  In  ma- 
nufs..  Mass.  is  equally  distinguished. 
Lowell  is  termed  the  "  Manchester  of 
America."  There  are  (1851)  1,153  m.  of 
railways  in  operation,  &  67  m.  in  course 
of  construction.  Cost  $51,884,572  State 
debt  $6,259,930.  Ordinary  rev^  $492,- 
810  64.  Property  of  the  commonwealth 
$10,386,357  45.  This  state  is  divided  into 
14  COS.,  &  sends  11  represens.  to  Congress. 
Princip.  cities  &  towns,  Boston  the  cap., 
Newburyport,  Lowell,  Plymouth,  Barn- 
stable, Northampton,  &  Worcester. 
There  are  3  colleges,  &  2  theological 
seminaries,  &  the  state  schools  are  on  a 
large  &  well-conducted  principle.  The 
Plymouth  colony  was  first  settled  by  the 
Puritans  in  1620,  &  Salem,  Charleston, 
&  Boston,  in  1628-30.  —  Massachusetts 
bay  is  comprised  between  Cape  Ann  & 
Cape  Cod,  length  40  miles,  breadth  20 
miles. 

Massaciuccoli,  a  small  lake  &  vill. 
of  Central  Italy,  duchy  &  8  miles  "W. 
Lucca. 

Massacre  Island,  Pacific  ocean. 

Massa  Ducale,  an  episcopal  city  of 
N.  Italy,  58  m.  S.W.  Modena,  2  m.  from 
its  mouth,  in  the  gulf  of  Genoa.  P. 
7,000.— ikfassa  Maritima,  or  M.-di-Ma- 
reinma,  is  an  episcopal  town  of  Tuscany, 
29  m.  S.W.  Siena.     P.  2,840. 

Massafra,  a  town  of  Naples,  10  m. 
N.W.  Taranto.     P.  6,600. 

Massa  Lombaeda,  a  town  of  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta.,  29  m.  S.S.E.  Ferrara.  P. 
4,370. 

Massa-Lubrense,  a  town  of  Naples, 
9  m.  S.W.  Castelamare,  on  the  Mediterr. 
P.  6,600. 

Massanutten,  p-v.,  Page  co.  Va. 
Near  this  place  is  a  beautiful  cascade.  _ 

Massaroon-y,  a  river  of  British  Gui- 
ana, waicii  has  been  explored  upwards 
for  about  400  m.  ' 

Massa  SurERioRE,  a  town  of  Anstr. 


486 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[mat 


Italy,  24  m.  W.S.W.  Rovigo,  on  the  Po. 
P.  2,300. 

Massat,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ari8ge,  12  m.  S.B.  St.  Girons.  P. 
1,000. 

Massay,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Cher,  19  m.  W.N.W.  Bourges.  P. 
1,136. 

Massena,  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  2,915. 

Massera,  an  island  off  the  S.E.  coast 
of  Arabia,  Oman,  in  the  Arabian  sea, 
Ion.  59°  E.     L.  40  m.,  av.  br.  15  m. 

Massehano,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  8 
m.  N.E.  Biella.     P.  3,441. 

Masseene,  mts.  (Ozark). 

Masseube,  a  eomm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gers,  11m.  S.E.  Marmande,  on  the 
Gers.     P.  2,010. 

Massevaux,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Rhin,  11  m.  N.N.E.  Bel- 
fort.     P.  2,679. 

Massiac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Cantal,  15  m.  N.N.E.  St.  Flour.  P. 
2,200. 

Massillon,  p-v..  Stark  co.  0.  P. 
1,422. 

Massion,  a  vill.  of  Spain,  Catalonia. 

Massouah,  the  principal  seaport  town 
of  Abyssinia,  on  a  small  sterile  island  in 
the  Red  sea.     P.  4,000. 

Massow,  a  walled  town  of  Pruss.  Po- 
merania,  22  m.  B.N.E.  Stettin.    P.  2,110. 

Mastre  (La),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ardeche,  14  m.  S.W.  Tour- 
non,  on  the  Doux.     P.  2,432. 

Mastuch,  a  town  of  Central  Asia. 

Mastuba,  a  town  of  Arabia,  Hedjaz, 
near  the  Red  sea,  140  m.  S.S.W.  Medina. 

Masulipatam,  a  dist  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras,  having  E.  the  bay  of 
Bengal.  Area,  4,810  sq.  m.  P.  332,039. 
— Masulipatam,  the  cap.,  on  the  Coro- 
mandel  coast,  is  220  m.  N.N.E.  Madras. 

Mata,  a  lake   of  Brazil,  prov.  &  170 

m.  S.S.W.  Miiranham.     L.  20  m. II. 

a  river  of  E.  Africa,  enters  the  channel 
of  Mozambique. 

Matagorda,  a  small  seaport  town  of 
Texas,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Colorado,  in 
Matagorda  bay,  85  m.  S.W.  Houston. 
It  has  a  brisk  foreign  trade.  The  bay  is 
an  inlet  of  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  55  m.  in 
length,  av.  br.  7  m.,  S.W.  is  Matagorda 
island. 

Matala  (Cape),  the  most  S.  head- 
land of  Crete  &  of  Europe.  Lat.  34°  55' 
S.,  Ion.  24°  45'  E. 

Matamoeas,  a  river  port-town  of  the 
Mexican  confederation,  dep.  Taraaulipas, 
.on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Rio  Bravo  del 
Norte,  40  m.  from  the  gulf  of  Mexico. 


Mat  AN,  a  small  island  of  the  E.  archi- 
pelago, Philippines,  immed.  B.  Zebu, 
where;  in  1520,  Magellan  was  killed  in  a 
skirmish  with  the  natives. 

Matanzas,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of 
Cuba,  next  in  commercial  importance  to 
the  Havana,  from  which  it  is  distant  57 
m.  E.,  in  a  deep  bay,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
the  island.     P.  45,795. 

Matapan  (Cape),  the  S.-most  ex- 
tremity of  the  Morea,  Greece. 

Matapas,  a  market  town  of  Central 
America,  state  &  65  m.  E.S.B.  Guate- 
mala. 

Mataeam,  a  city  of  JaVa. 
Mataeieh,  two  vills.  of  Lower  Egypt. 

1,  prov.  &  20  m.  S.E.  Damietta,  on 

the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Menzaleh.  P.  3,000. 

II.  prov.  Ghizeh,  5  m.  N.E.  Cairo. 

Mataeo,  a  marit.  city  of  Spain,  ISJ 
N.E.  Barcelona.     P.  13,010. 

Matchikha,  a  mkt.  town,  Russia,  Don 
Cossack  country.     P.  2,200. 

Matchin,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, Bulgaria. 

Matelica,  a  town  of  Central  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta.,  23  m.  W.S.W.  Macerata.  P. 
7,270. 

Matblles  (Les),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Herault,  9  m.  N.N.W.  Mont- 
pellier. 

Mateo  (San),  a  small  walled  town  of 
Spain,    32  m.  N.  Castellon-de-la-Plana. 

II.  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  Venezuela, 

dep.  &  50  m.  S.S.W.  Cumana.     P.  7,000. 
Mateha,   a  town  of  Naples,  43  m.  E. 
Potenza.     P.  11,200. 

Matha,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Charente  Inf.     P.  1,920. 

Mathews,  S-E.  co.  Va.  Area,  68  sq. 
m.     P.  6,714.     Cap.  Mathews  c.  r. 

Mathieu  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Vienne,  8  m.  S.S.W.  Ro- 
chechouart.     P.  2,193. 

Mathuea,  a  town  &  place  of  pilgrim- 
age in  British  India,  presid.  Bengal,  30 
m.  N.W.  Agra. 

Mathuein  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Maine-et-Loire,  12  m.  E.S.B. 
Angers.     P.  1,650. 

Matignon,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Cotes  du  Nord,  15  m.  N.N.W.  Di- 
nan.     P.  1,200. 

Matina,  the  principal  river  of  Costa 
Rica,  Central  Amer.,  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  Chirripo  &  Barbilla,  flows  B.,  & 
enters  the  Caribb.  sea. 

Matlask,   a  pa.  of  Engl.,  co.  Norfolk, 
51  m.  S.E.  Holt.     Area,  530  ac.     P.  198. 
Matlock,  a  watering-place  of  Engl., 
CO.  &  16  ra.  N.N.W.  Derby. 

Matotshkin   Shar,    a    strait  of  the 


MAU] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


487 


Arctic  ocean,  extends  E.  &  W.  for  45  m. 
by  3  m.  in  breadth. 

Matour,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Francej 
dep.  SaOne-et-Loire,  16  m.  W.  Macon. 
P.  2,330. 

Matsiov.  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  29  m. 
N.  Vladimir.     P.  3,400. 

Matsmai,   a  name  of  the  Japanese 

island  Yesso,  which  see. II.  the  cap. 

city  of  the  island,  at  the  mouth  of  a  riv. 
on  its  S.  coast.     P.  50,000. 

MATTAPONy,  r.,  Va.,  unites  with  the 
Pamunky  to  form  York  r. 

Matteawan,  v.,  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y., 
on  Fishkill  cr.     P.  1,800. 

Matteesdorf,  a  market  town  of  W. 
Hungary,  co.  &  10  m.  W.N.W.  Oeden- 
burg.     P.  4,092. 

Matthew  (Saint),  an  island  of  the 
Mergui  archipelago,  Further  India.  L. 
18  m. 

Matto,  the  W.-most  &  largest  prov.  of 
Brazil,  is  in  the  centre  of  S.  America, 
between  lat.  7°  &  24°  S.,  &  Ion.  50°  & 
62°  W.  Area,  estim.  at  426,500  sq.  m., 
&  p.  at  40,000.  Principal  towns,  Cuyaba, 
the  cap.,  Mato  Grosso,  &  Villa  Maria. — 
Mato  Grosso  is  a  city  in  this- prov.,  260 
m.  W.N.W.  Cuyaba,  near  the  frontier  of 
Bolivia.     P.  15,000. 

Matuka,  a  small  town  of  Ceylon,  near 
its  S.  extremity. — Maturatta  is  another 
maritime  port,  S.E.  Kahdy. 

Maturin,  the  largest  of  the  four  deps. 
of  the  republic  Venezuela,  in  the  E. ; 
cap.  Cumana.     P.  125,000. 

Matzdorf,  a  town  of  N.  Hungary.  6 
m.  S.W.  Kesmark.     P.  1,060. 

Mauban,  a  town  of  the  Philippine 
island  Luzon,  Asiatic  archipelago,  on  its 
E.  coast,  S.E.  Manila.     P.  5,000. 

Maubert-Fontainb,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  Francs,  dep.  Ardennes,  6  m.  S.W. 
Roeroi.     P.  1,312. 

Maubeuge,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Nord,  on  the  Sambre,  11  m.  N. 
Avesnes.     P.  3,314. 

Maubourguet,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Pyrenees  on  the  Adour, 
16  m.  N.  Tarbes.  "P.  2,310. 

Mauch  Chunk,  p-t.,  Northampton  co. 
Pa.  P.  2,193.  The  v.  is  on  the  W.jjank 
of  the  Lehigh.     P.  1,800. 

Mauguio,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Herault.     P.  .1,653. 

Maulb,  a  river  of  Chile,-  enters  the 
Pacific  0.     L.  180  m. 

Mauleon,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Pyrenees,  25  m.  S.W.  Pau.  P. 
1,3-50. 

Maulevrier,  a  comm.  Avill.  of  France, 
dep.  Maine- et-Loire.     P.  2,080. 


Maulmain,  a  seaport  town  of  Further 
India,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Saluen  river 
P.  10,000. 

Maumee,  a  river,'  rises  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  Indiana,  flows  mostly  N.E.,  & 
enters  Lake  Erie  (Maumee  bay),  after  a 
course  of  100  m. 

Maumee  City,  p-v.,  cap.  Lucas  co.  0., 
124  m.  N.E.  Columbus.     P.  1,000. 

Maundvee  &  Maundwa,  two  towns 
of  India  ;  the  former  in  presid.  &  13  m. 
S.E.  Bombay  ;  the  latter  on  the  Nerbud- 
da,  &,  in  1820,  stated  to  comprise  1,000 
houses. 

Maunkaiea,  a  fortified  town  of  the 
Punjab,  38  m.  S.E.  Bukkur. 

Maunpoor,  a  fortified  town  of  Hindos- 
tan,  53  m  E.  Jeypoor. — Maunpoorah  is 
a  town,  Gwalior  dom. 

Maunsa,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan,  82 
m.  N.W.  Baroda. 

Maur  (St.),  several  comms.  of  France. 

1,  dep.  Indre,  2  m.  W.S.W.  Chateau- 

roux.     P.  1,251. II.  dep.  Seine,  11m. 

N.E.  Sceaux. 

Maure    (Ste.),  two  comms.  &  small 

towns   of    France. 1,   dep.   Indre-et- 

Loire,   18  m.  E.S.E.  Chinon.      P.  2,600. 

II.  dep.  Ille-et-Vilaine,    17  m.   N. 

Redon.     P.  4,000. 

Mauriac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Cantal,  36  m.  W.N.W.  St.  Flour.  P. 
2,113. 

jVIaurice,  a  vill.,  Gloucester  co.  New 
Jersey. 

Maurice  River,  t.,  Cumberland  co. 
N.J.     P.  2,143. 

Maurice  (St.),  a  river  of  Lower  Can- 
ada, rises  in  Lake  Chawgis,  flows  S.E. 
&  joins  the  St.  Lawrence.     L.  200  m. 

Maurice  (St.),  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Valais,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Rhone,  14  m. 
S.E.  the  lake  of  Geneva.  P.  1,050.— 
The  Bridge  of  St.  Maurice,  crossing  the 
Rhone  here,  unites  the  cantons  Valais  & 
Vaud. II.  Savoy.  [Bourg  St.  Mau- 
rice.] 

Maurice  (St.),  severalconrms.  &  vills. 

of  France. 1,  dep.  Creuse.     P.  2,000. 

II.  dep.   Puy-de-Dume.      P.    1,540. 

III.  dep.  Vosges,  15  m.  S.E.  Remi- 

remont.     P.  2,023.- IV.  {de  Lignon), 

dep.  H.  Loire,  5  m.  N.  Yssengeaux.     P. 

2,150. V.  (en.  Gourgois),  dep.  Loire, 

15  m.  S.S.E.  Montbrison.      P.  2,510. 

VI.  {des  Noues),  dep.  Vendee.     P.  1,280. 

VII.    (sur  Loire),  dep.  Loire-      P. 

1,280. 

Mauritius,  or  Isle  of  France,  an 
isl.  of  the  Indian  ocean,  forming  a  colony 
of  Great  Britain.  L.  36  m. ;  b.  20  m. 
Chief  town  Port  Louis.    Area,  700  sq.  m. 


f. 


488 


CYCLOPiEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[may 


P.  161,920,  of  whom  10,000  are  whites. 
Coasts  abrupt,  surrounded  by  reefs  ;  in- 
terior mountainous,  &  thickly  wooded  ; 
elevation  of  Brabant  mountain,  3,000  ft., 
&  of  Peter  Botte,  2,600  ft. 

Maubo  (San),  a  small  town  of  Naples, 
prov.  Basilicata,  22  m.  S.W.  Matera.  P. 
1,100. 

Mauron,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan,  12  m.  N.N.E.  Ploermel. 
P.  3,950. 

Maurs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Cantal,  20  m.  S.W.  Aurillac.  P. 
4,736. 

Maurua,  one  of  the  Society  isls.  Paci- 
fic ocean.     Circuit,  12  m. 

Maury,  S.IV.  co.  Tenn.  Area,  570  sq. 
m.     Cap.  Columbia.     P.  29,520. 

Mautern,  two  small  towns  of  Austria. 

1.  Styria,  20  m.  W.  Briiek. II. 

Lower  Austria,  on  the  Danube,  40  m. 
W.N.W.  Vienna.  —  Mauterndorf,  is  a 
market  town.  Upper  Austria,  55  m.  S.E. 
Salzburg. 

Mauthhausen,  a  market  town  of  Up- 
per Austria,  on  the  Danube,  3  m.  N.B. 
Enns. — Mauthen  is  a  vill.  of  Illyria,  Ca- 
rinthia. 

Mauvezin,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gers,  cap.  cant.,  19  m.  S.E.  Lectoure. 
P.  1,371. 

Mauzb,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Deux-Sevres,  cap.  cant.,  on  rt.  b. 
of  the  Mignon,  13  miles  S.W.  Niort.  P. 
1,824. 

Mavko    (or  Maueo),   Potamos,    two 

rivers  of  Greece. 1.  Epirus,  enters  the 

Mediterranean.     L.  40  miles. II.  the 

modern  name  of  the  Cephissus. — Mavro- 
Vouno,  or  the  "  black  mountain,"  is  a 
triple-peaked  height,  Epirus,  elev.  1,500 
feet. 

Maxatavtny,  t.,  Bucks  eo.  Pa.  P. 
1,897. 

Maxent,  a  comm.  &  Till,  of  France, 
dep.  Ille-et'Vilaine.     P.  l-,89a. 

Maximin  (St  ),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Var,  11  m.  W.N.W.  Brig- 
noles.    P.  3,357. 

Maxwelltown,  a  bor.  of  barony  of 
Scotland,  on  the  Nith,  opposite  the  town 
of  Dumfries.     P.  3,230. 

May,  an  islet  of  Scotl.,  at   the  mouth 

of  the  firth  of  Forth. II.  a  small  river, 

CO.  Perth. III.  a  small  riv.  of  Wales, 

CO.  Carnarvon. 

May  (Le),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Maine-et-Loire,  7  m.  S.E.  Beau- 
preau.     P.  1,065. 

Mayaguez,  a  town  &  port  of  the  isl. 
Porto  Rico,  Antilles,  70  m.  S.W.  St.  Jaen- 
de-Porto  Rico. 


Maybole,  a  town  of  Scotl.,  co.  &  7^  m. 
S.  Ayr.      ■* 

Maydourghaut,  a  town  of  India,  140 
m.  S.E.  Hyderabad. 

Mayen,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Pruissia, 
17  miles  W.  Coblentz,  on  the  Nette.  P. 
4,650.     - 

Mayence,  a  strongly  fortified  city  of 
W.  Germany,  cap.  prov.  Rhenish  Hes- 
sen,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine. 
Has  a  college,  diocesan  seminary,  schools 
of  medicine,  &  veterinary  surgery;  a 
public  library  of  110,000  printed  vols., 
among  which  are  some  of  the  earliest  ex- 
tant specimens  of  printing. 

Mayenfeld,  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Grisons,  cap.  league  of  the  10  juris- 
dictions, 11  m.  N.  Chur.     P.  1,200. 

Mayenne,  a  dep.  of  France,  in  the 
N.W.  Area,  2,010  sq.  m.  Chief  river, 
the   Mayenne.      Surface  generally  flat. 

P.  374,566. II.  a  town  of  France,  dep. 

Maj'enne,  cap.  arr.,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  May- 
enne, 17  m.  N.N.E.  Laval.  P.  7,970.— 
The  River  Mayenne  rises  in  the  W.  part 
of  the  dep.  Orne,  flows  S.  &  joins  the 
Loiret.     L.  100  m. 

Mayet,  two  comms.  &  vills.  of  France. 

1,  dep.  Sarthe,  16  m.  E.N.E.  La  Fle- 

che.     P.  1,349. II.  dep.  Allier.      P. 

1,811. 

Mayeux  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Cotes-du-Nord,  12  m.  N.W. 
Loudeac.     P.  1,530. 

Mayfield,  p-t.,  Fulton  co.  N.  T.     P. 

2,429. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Graves  co.  Ky. 

P.  200. III.  p-t.  Cuyahoga  co.  0.     P. 

851. 

Mayiguana,  one  of  the  Bahama  isls., 
L.  30  miles ;  br.  8  miles. — Mariguana 
Passage  separates  it  from  Acklin's  Isl., 
50  m.  W. 

Mayland,'  a  pa.  of  England,  co.  Es- 
sex, 6i  m.  S.E.  Maldon.  Area,  1,690  ac. 
P.  200. 

Maynooth,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Lein- 
ster,  CO.  Kildare.     P.  2,129. 

Mayo,  a  marit.  co.  of  Ireland,  Con- 
naught.  Area,  2,131  sq.  m,  P.  388,887. 
Coast  line  fringed  with  cliflFs  &  islets,  & 
indented  with  innumerable  inlets. 

Mayo,  one  of  the  Cape  Verd  islands, 
Atlantic,  E.  of  Santiago.    It  is  about  18 

ra.  in  eirc.     Chief  port,   Pinosa. II. 

a  river  of  the  Mexican  confederation, 
state  Sonora,  enters  the  gulf  of  Califor- 
nia.     L.,  130   m. III.  an  island,  E. 

archipelago,  off  the  N.  coast  of  Celebes. 

Mayomba,  a  town  of  S.  Guinea,  120 
m.  N.W.  Loango. 

Mayorga,  a  town  of  Spain,  48  miles 
N.W.  Valladolid,  on  the  Cea.      P.  1,790. 


MEC] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


489 


Mayobga,  a  group  of  the  Friendly 
Islands,  Pacific. 

Mayotta,  an  isl.,  Indian  ocean. 

Maypu,  a  river  of  Chile,  dep.  Santiago, 
rises  in  the  Andes,  &  after  a  W.  course 
of  130  m.,  enters  the  Pacific,  40  m.  S. 
Valparaiso. 

Mayrena-del-Alcor,  a  town,  Spain, 
13  m.  E.N.E.  Sevilla.     P.  3,541. 

Mayres,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Ard^che,  12  m.  N.W.  L'Argentiere. 
P.  2,558. 

Maysville,  city,  Mason  co.  Ky.,  81  m. 
N.E.  by  E.  from  Frankfort,  on  the  Ohio 
river.  P.  5,915. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Buck- 
ingham CO.  Va.  P.  300. III.  t.,  Mor- 
gan CO.  Ohio.   P.  1,159. IV.  p-v.,  cap. 

Clay  CO.  111. V.  vill.,  California.     P. 

4,508. 

Mayvillb,  p-v.,  Chautauqua  co.  N.Y. 
P.  500. 

Mazagan,  a  fortified  seaport  tovs'n  of 
Morocco,  on  the  Atlantic. 

Mazagong,  a  vilt.  of  British  India,  on 
the  island  Bombay. 

Mazaltenango,  a  town  of  Central 
America,  state  &  110  m.  W.  Guatemala. 

Mazamet,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Arnette,  10  m. 
S.E.  Castres.     P.  6,626. 

Mazan,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Vaucluse,  5  m.  E.  Carpentras.     P. 

2,572. II.  a  vill.,  dep.  Ard^che.     P. 

1,590. 

Mazandeean,  a  prov.  of  N.  Persia. 
Estimated  area,  10,000  sq.  m.,  &  pop. 
150,000. 

Mazaeron,  a  town  of  Spain,  35  m. 
S.S.W.  Murcia,  near  the  Mediterranean. 
P.  6,814. 

Mazatlan,  a  flourishing  seaport  town 
of  the  Mexican  confederation,  state  &  210 
m.  S.S.E.  Sinaloa,  near  the  wide  mouth 
of  the  river  Mazatlan,  in  the  Pacific.  P. 
1,800. 

Maze,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Maine-et- Loire,  9  m.  S.W.  Bauge.  P. 
3,778. 

Mazeres,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ari^ge,  on  the  Lez,  10  m.  N.  Pa- 
miers.     P.  2,439. 

Maziehe  (La  Basse),  a  comm.  &  vill. 
of  France,  dep.  Correze,  14  m.  S.W.  Us- 
Bel.     P.  1,690. 

Mazo,  a  town  of  the  Canary  island 
Palma.     P.  4,181. 

Mazufueaead,  a  town  of  the  Punjab. 

Mazye,  a  large  vill.  of  Afighanistan, 
40  m.  N.  Shawl. 

Mazzara,  Val  di,  an  old  division  of 
Sicily. 

Mazzara,  a  town  of  Sicily,  26  m.  S. 
21* 


Trapani,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Salemi.   P. 

8,400. 

Mazzaeino,  a  town  of  Sicily,  14  m. 
S.E.  Caltanisetta.     P.  11,600. 

Mazze,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  div.  Turin, 
12  m.  S.S.E.  Ivrea.    P.  3,291.  . 

McLeay,  a  river  of  E.  Australia. 

McLeod,  Lake,  British  N.  America, 
McLeod  Bay  is  a  nearly  landlocked  inlet 
at  the  E.  extremity  of  Great  Slave  lake. 

Mead,  N.  co.  Ohio.     Area,  360  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Brandenburg.     P.  7,393. II.  t., 

Crawford  co.  Pa.     P.  1,697. III.  t., 

Belmont  co.  Ohio.     P.  1,496. 

Meaday,  a  ruined  town  of  Burmah, 
40  m.  N.  Prome. 

Meadiha,  a  market  town  of  Hungary, 
in  the  Banat,  N.  of  Orsova. 

Meadville,  p-b.,  &  cap.  Crawford  co. 
Pa.,  234  m.  from  Harrishurg.     P.  1,319. 

It  is  the   seat  of  Alleghany  college. 

II.  p-v.,  cap.  Franklin  co.  Mass. 

Meahgunge,  a  w.alled  town  of  India, 
24  m.  S.W.  Lucknow. 

Meaksima,  some  islets  of  Japan,  W. 
Kiusiu. 

Mealfourvounie,  a  mountain,  Scot- 
land, 20  m.  S.W.  Inverness,  on  the  "W. 
side  of  Loch  Ness.     Elev.  2,700  ft. 

Mealy  Mountains,  a  hill  chain  in 
Labrador,  British  N.  America.  Height, 
1,480  feet. 

Meana,  two  vills.  of  Sardinia. 1. 

Piedmont,   div.  &  27   ra.  W.S.W.  Turin. 

P.  1,550. II.   island  Sardinia,  50  m. 

N.  Cagliari.     P.  1,391. 

TVIeanee,  a  marit.  town  of  W.  Hindos- 

tan,  75  m.  N.W.  Joonaghur. II.  avill., 

Scinde,  5  m,  N.  Hyderabad, 

Meangis  Isles,  a  group  in  the  Asiatic 
archipelago.     Chief  island,  Nanusa. 

Meath,  a  maritime  co^  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  having  E.  Dublin  &  the  Irish 
sea.  Area,  906  sq.  m.  P.  139,706.  Sur- 
face mostly  flat,  or  but  slightly  undu- 
lating. Principal  river,  the  Boyne. 
Previous  to  the  Anglo-Norman  conquest, 
the  king  of  Meath  was  supreme  monarch 
of  Ireland. 

Meaux,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seinc-et-Marne,  25  m.  E.N.E.  Paris, 
on  the  Marne.     P.  7,782. 

Mebarrez  (El),  a  walled  town  of  Ara- 
bia, 33  m.  S.  Lahsa.     P.  10,000.(?) 

Mecca,  a  city  of  Arabia,  cap.  of  the 
Iledias.  Lafc.  21°  28'  N.  ;  Ion.  40°  15'  E. 
P.  30,000.(7)  It  has  several  mosques  & 
a  temple,  which  surrounds  the  Kaaba,  a 
small  square  edifice,  the  foundation  of 
which  is  attributed,  by  the  Mohamme- 
dans, to  Abraham.  On  one  of  its  angles 
is  the  black  stone,  tho  object  of  venera- 


490 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHr. 


[mbd 


tion  to  all  Mussulmans,  who  alone  are 
privileged  to  enter  the  city. 

Mechader,  a  town  of  Arabia,  Yemen, 
84  in.  S.  Sena. 

Mechanic,  t..  Holmes  co.  Ohio.  P. 
1,40?. 

Mechlin,  a  city  of  Belgium,  14  m. 
S.S.E.  Antwerp.  P.  27,234.  It  is  the 
central  station  for  the  railways  which 
traverse  Belgium  in  all  directions. 

Mechoacan,  a  maritime  state  of  the 
Mexican  confederation,  having  S.W.  the 
Pacific.  Area,  22,500  sq.  m.  P.  460,000. 
Surfice  greatly  diversified.  A  branch 
of  the  Anahuac  mountains  ramifies  o\'er 
its  N.  &  central  parts,  &  in  it  is  the 
famous  volcano  of  Popocatepetl. 

Meckenheim,  a  walled  town  of  Rhe- 
nish Prussia,  reg.  &  22  m.  S.S.E.  Cologne. 
P.  1,300. II.  a  vill.  of  Rhenish  Bava- 
ria, 4  m.  S.E.  Durkheim.  P.  1,756.— 
Meckesheim  is  a  vill.  of  Baden,  8  m.  S.E. 
Heidelberg.     P.  1,070. 

Mecklenburg,  a  country  of  N.  Ger- 
manv,  divided  into  two  states  ;  I.  grand 
duchy  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  &  II. 
grand  duchy  of  Meoklenburg-Strelitz. — 
Mecklenburg-Schwerin  is  bounded  E.  by 
Mecklenbuvg-Strelitz,  S.E.  &  S.  by  Prus- 
sia, S.W.  Hanover,  W.  Denmark  &  Rat- 
zeburg,  N.  the  Baltic.  Area,  4,845  sq.  m. 
P.  528,185;  cap.  Schwerin.— ilfecfei- 
burg-Strelitz  comprises  two  parts,  sepa- 
rated by  Mecklenburg-Schwerin  ;  I.  the 
duohy  of  Strelitz  on  the  E.,  cap.  Strelitz. 
Area,  628  sq^.  m.  P.  80,374 ;  &  II.  the 
principality  of  Ratzeburg  in  the  W. 
Area,  139  sq.m.     P.  15,918;  cap.  Sohon- 

berg. II.  S.  CO.  Va.     Area,    1,640  sq. 

m.     Cap.   Boydton.     P.   20,630. III. 

S.W.  CO.  N.  C.     Area,   900  sq.  m.     Cap. 
Charlotte.     P.  13,914. 

Mecosta,  a  central  co.  Mich,  (unor- 
ga'iized). 

Medard  (St.),  two  comms.  &  vills.  of 

France. 1.   (e?i  Jalle),  dep.  Gironde, 

near  the  Jalle,  8  m.  N.W.  Bordeaux.     P. 

1,600. II.  {de   Gurgon),  dep.  Bor- 

dogne,    15    m.  W.N.W.    Bergerac.      P. 
1,520. 

Medeah,  a  fortified  town  of  Algeria, 
prov.  &  40  m.  S.S.W.  Algiers.     P.  3,741. 

Medebach,  or  Madebeke,  a  town  of 
Prussian  Westphalia,  reg.  &  32  m.  S.E. 
Arnsberg.     P.  2,330. 

JIedellin,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  & 
52  ra.  E.  Badajoz,  on  the  Guadiana.  P. 
2,000. 

Medellin,  a  city  of  S.  America,  New 
Granada,  48  m.  S.E.  Antioquia.     Elev. 

5,030  feet.     P.  14,000. II.  a  river  of 

the    Mexican  confcdoratiMn,   state  Vera 


Cruz,  enters  the  gulf  of  Mexico  about  5 
m.  S.  of  that  city,  after  an  E.  course  of 
25  miles. 

Medemblik,  a  marit.  town  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, with  a  port  on  the  Zuyder-Zee, 
9  m.  N.W.  Enkhuysen.  P.  2,807.— Jlfee- 
den  is  a  vill.,  9  m.  N.W.  Delfzyl.  P. 
1,174. 

Medford,  t.,  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  P. 
3,449. 

Medgyes,  a  town  of  Transylvania, 
Saxonland,  37  miles  E.  Karlsburg.  P. 
5,900. 

Media,  a  country  of  antiquity,  com- 
prising the  N.  &  W.  provs.  of  the  modern 
Persi.an  dom. 

Medicina,  a  large  town  of  N.  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta.,  15  m.  E.  Bologna.     P.  6,700. 

Medina,  a  river  of  England,  Isle  of 
Wight. 

Medina,  a  fortified  city  of  Arabia,  in 
the  Hedjaz,  245  m.  N.  Mecca.     P.   18,- 

000.  (?)  Mohammed  fled  from  Mecca  to 
Medina  a.d.  662,  &  from  this  epoch, 
called  the  Hegira,  the  Mussulmans  reck- 
on dates. 

Medina,  several  towns  of  Spain. 

1.  {de  las  Torres),  43  m.  S.S.E.  Bad.<»jos. 

P.  2,370. II.  (del  Campo).  28  m.  S.S.W. 

Valladolid.      P.    2,760. III.  {de  Po- 

mar),  38  m.  N.N.E.  Burgos.  P.  1,248. 
IV.  {de  Rio  Seco).  25  m.  N.W.  Val- 
ladolid, on  the  Sequillo.     P.  4,700. 

Medina,  N.  co.  0.  Area,  425  sq.  m. 
P.  24,441. — Medina,  vill.,  the  cap.  is  117 
m.  from  Columbus.     P.  700. 

Medinaceli,  a  town  of  Spain,  33  m. 
S.  Soria,  near  the  Jalon.     P.  1,500. 

Medina-Sidonia,  a  city  of  Spain,  22 
m.  S.E.  Cadiz.     P.  10,534. 

Medinet  Abu,  a  vill.  of  Upper  Egypt. 

JMedinet-el-Fayoum,  a  town  of  Cen- 
tral Egypt,  cap.  prov.  Fayoum,  52  m. 
S.'S.W.  Cairo.     Estimated  p.  5,000. 

Mediterranean,  an  inland  sea,  en- 
closed by  Asia  on  the  E.,  Africa  on  the 
S.,  &  Europe  on  the  N.,  &  communicates 
with  the  Atlantic  by  the  strait  of  Gibral- 
tar on  the  W.,  situated  between  lat.  30° 
20'  &  43°  N.  The  winds  of  this  sea  are 
very  variable  ;  the  tides  are  little  felt  & 
very  irregular. 

Mediterranean,  is  a  name  applied 
generally  to  all  seas  nearly  surrounded 
by  land,  as  the  Baltic. 

Mediyad,  a  small  town  of  Turkish 
Diiirbekir,  35  m.  S.  Sert. 

Medjerda,  a  river  of  N.  Africa,  Al- 
geria &  Tunis.     L.  200  m. 

Medjiboj,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
on  the  Bug,  55  m.  N.E.  Kamenetz.  P. 
4,000. 


mek] 


tTNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


491 


Mednoi,  an  island  belonging  toKus- 
sia,  in  Behring  sea,  E.  of  Behring  island. 
L.  30  m. ;  br.  5  m. 

Medoc,  an  old  dist.  of  France,  in  the 
N.W.  of  Guyenne. 

Medreac,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Ille-et-Vilaine,  lOm.N.N.W.  Mont- 
fort     P.  2,123. 

Medvejii-Ostbova,  two  groups  of 
islands  in  Asiatic  Russia. 

Medvieditza,  a  river  of  Russia,  Don- 
Cossack  country,  after  a  S.W.  course  of 
300  miles,  joins  the  Don.  Length  330 
miles. 

Medway.   a  river  of  England. II. 

t.,  Norfolk  CO.  Mass.     P.  2,278. 

Medynsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  40  m. 
N.N.W.  Kaluga.    P.  2,000. 

Medzibon,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
35  m.  N.E.  Breslau.     P.  1,310. 

Meegissee,  unorganized  CO.  Mioh.,  E. 
of  Grand  Traverse  bay. 

Meen  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep-  Ille-fet-Vilaine,  lOm.W.N.W.  Mont- 
fort.    P.  1,395. 

Meengana,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  20 
m.  W.  Jhung. 

Meerane,  a  town  of  Saxony,  21  m. 
W.  Chemnitz.     P.  5,470, 

Meerat,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  42  m. 
W.N.W.  Ajmeer. 

Meergurh,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan, 
72  m.  E.SE.  Bhawlpoor. 

Meerhout,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Bel- 
gium, 15  miles  S.E.  Turnhout.  P. 
3,250. 

Meerpoor,  a  town  of  Scinde,  near  the 
Pingaree,  a  branch  of  the  Indus,  45  m. 

S.  Hyderabad.    P.  10,000. II.  a  town, 

Punjab,   115  m.  N.W.  Lahore. 

Meersburg,  a  town  of  Baden,  5  m. 
N.E.  Constance. 

Meerssen,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 

4  m.  N.E.  Maestricht.     P.  2,008. II. 

a  vill.  of  Belgian  Limbourg,  3  m.  E. 
Maestricht.     P.  1,826. 

Meerut,  a  dist.  of  British  India,  pre- 
Eid.  Bengal.  Area,  2,250  sq.m. — Meerut 
the  cap.  of  dist.,  is  35  m.  N.E.  Delhi,  on 
an  alB.  of  the  Ganges. 

Mees  (Les),  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  B.  Alpes,  14  m.  W.S.W. 
Digne.     P.  2,085. 

Megalopolis,  a  ruined  city  of  Greece, 
Morea. 

Meganisi,  one  of  the  Ionian  islands, 
Mediterranean.  Length  6  m. ;  breadth 
3  miles. 

Megara,  a  vill.,  but  formerly  an  im- 
portant city  of  Greece,  21  miles  W. 
Athens.     P.  1,000. 

MbgaspblioNj    a    rich  ,  convent    of 


Greece,  Morea,  gov.  Achaia,  5  m.  N. 
Kalavrita. 

Megeve,  a  market  town  of  Savoy,  5 
m.  S.  Sallenche.     P.  2,774. 

Megna,  a  river  of  British  India,  joins 
the  Brahmaputra. 

Mehadia,  a  market  town  of  S.  Hun- 
gary, Banat,  near  the  Wallachian  fron- 
tier, 15  m.  N.  Orsova.     P.  1,684. 

Mehala-el-Kebir,  a  town  of  Lr. 
Egypt,  45  m.  S.W.  Damietta. 

Mehediah,  a  fortified  town  of  Moroc- 
co, prov.  &  110  m.  W.N.W.  Fez. 

Meherin,  r.,  Va.,  unites  with  the 
Nottaway  to  form  the  Chowan. 

Mehlsack,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  37 
m.  S.S.W.  Kdnigsberg.     P.  3,030. 

Mehrand,  a  town  of  Persia,  48  m. 
E.S.E.  Khoi. 

Mehun,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Cher,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Yevre.  P. 
3,274., 

Meiaponte,  a  town  of  Brazil,  65 
m.  E.  Goyaz,  on  the  river  Almas.  P. 
8,000. 

Meidling.  a  vill.  of  Austria,  near  Vi- 
enna.    P.  3,500. 

Meigs,  S.E.  co.  0.    Area,  -425  sq.  m. 

Cap,  Chester.     P.  17,971. II.  S.E.  co. 

Tenn.     Area,  215  sq.  m.     Cap.  Decatur. 

P.   4,879. III.   t.,  Adams  co.  0.     P. 

1,068. IV.  t.,  Muskingum  co.  0.    P. 

1,333. 

Meigsville,  t.,  Morgan  co.  0.  P. 
1,159. 

Meikle-Ferry,  a  strait  of  the  Dor- 
noch firth,  Sootl.,  3  m.  W.N.W.  Tain,  co. 
Ross. 

Meilen,  a.  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant.  & 
on  the  lake  of  Zurich.     P.  3,000. 

Meilhan,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Lot-et-Garonne,  7  m.  W.  Marmande. 
P.  2,293.— Meillac  &  Meillant  are  two 
vills. 

Meimuna,  a  town  of  Affghanistan,  on 
an  aiB.  of  the  Oxus. 

Meinau,  a  small  island  of  S.  Baden, 
in  the  lake  of  Ueberlingen. 

Meiningen,  a  fortified  town  of  Central 
Germany,  on  the  r.  b.  of  the  Werra,  33 
m.  E.N.E.  Fulda.     P.  6,205. 

Mei-Omid,  a  considerable  vill.  of  Per- 
sia, 35  m.  E.  Shahrood. 

Meisenheim,  a  town  of  W.  Germany, 
45  m.  S.  Coblentz.     P.  2,300. 

Meissen,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circ.  & 
15  m.  N.W.  Dresden,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Elbe. 
P.  8,080. 

Mejerda,  a  river  of  Tunis. 

Meklong,  a  town  of  Siam,  30  m.  S.W. 
Bang-kok.     P.  13,000. 

Me-kong,  one  of  the  principal  rivers 


492 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[mel 


of  S.E.  Asia,  rises  in  Tibet,  &  enters  the 
China  sea  by  numerous  mouths. 

Mekran,  the  largest  prov.  of  Beloo- 
chistan,  betw.  the  Indian  0.  &  a  desert. 
Area,  100,000  sq.  m.    P.  200,000. 

Mel,  a  market  town  of  Austrian  Italy, 
9  m.  S.W.  Belluno.  P.  4,000.— Me/o  is 
a  town- of  S.  America,  Uruguay,  200  m. 
N.E.  Monte- Video. 

Melassa,  a  town  of  Asia- Minor,  Ana- 
tolia, near  its  S.W.  coast,  23  m.  N.E. 
Boodroom. 

Melay,  a  coram.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Saone-et-Loire.     P.  1,932. 

Melazgherd,  a  dilapidated  town  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  80  m.  S.E.  Erzeroum. 

JMelbecks,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
York,  N.  Riding.     P.  1,633. 

Melbourne,  the  cap.  town  of  the 
British  colonial  territory  of  Phillipsland, 
or  Victoria,  in  the  S.  part  of  Australi:i,, 
on  the  Yarra-yarra,  near  its  mouth  in 
Port  Philip.  P.  10,954.  It  was  founded 
in  1837,  &  now  extends  for  2  m.,  with  a 
breadth  of  1  m.,  along  the  river,  which 
is  navigable  to  the  town  for  vessels  of 
200  tons. 

Melchthal,  a  valley  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Unterwalden. 

Meldal,  a  vill.  of  Norway,  35  m.  S.W. 
Trondhjem.     P.  4,260. 

Meldola,  a  vill.  of  Central  Italy, 
Pontif  sta.,  7  m.  S.  Forli.     P.  4,220. 

Meldorf,  a  market  town  of  Denmark, 
duchy  Holstein,  near  the  N.  sea,  53  m. 
N.W.  Hamburg.     P.  2,000. 

Meldrum  (Old),-  a  market  town  of 
Scotland,  co.  &  16  m.  N.W.  Aberdeen. 

Meleda,  an  island  of  Dalmatia,  in 
the  Adriatic,  17  m.  W.N.W.  Ragusa.  L. 
23  m. ;  br.  4  m.     P.  900. 

Melekhovskaia,  a  town  of  Russia, 
Don-Cossack  country,  23  m.  N.E.  Tcher- 
kask,  on  the  Don.     P.  2,000. 

Melenki,  a  town  of  Russia,  70  m. 
S.S.E.  Vladimir.     P.  5,685. 

Melenik,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Macedonia,  60  m.  S.E.  Ghiustendil. 

Melfi,  a  town  of  Naples,  on  a  lofty 
volcanic  mountain,  34  m.  S.  Foggia. 
P.  8,400. 

Melgaco,  the  N.-most  town  of  Portu- 
gal, 38  m.  N.E.  Braga,  on  the   Minho. 

II.  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov.  &  168  m. 

S.W.  Para,  on  the  W.  bank  of  Lake  Ana- 
pu.    P.  4,000. 

Melgar  de  Fernamental,  a  town 
of  Spaia,  24  m.  W.N.W.  Burgos.  P. 
2,700. 

Melgig,  a  salt  lake  or  marsh  in  S.E. 
of  Algeria.     L.  26  m. ;  br.  18  m. 

Melilla,  a  seaport  town   on   the  N. 


coast  of  Morocco,  but  belonging  to  the 
Spaniards.     P.  3,000. 

Mehnda,  a  seaport  town  of  E.  Africa, 
cap.  a  state,  N.  of  Zanzibar. 

Melipilla,  a  town  of  Chile,  dep.  <Sc 
38  m.  S.W.  Santiago. 

MsLissEE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  SaOne,  7  m.  N.N.E.  Lure.  P. 
2,208. 

Melito,  4  vills.  of  Naples. 

Melitopol,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  the 
Crimea.     P.  1,760. 

Melk,  or  Molk,  a  mkt.  town  of  Lower 
Alistria,  on  the  Danube,  14  m.  W.  St. 
Polten.     P.  1,000. 

Melijsham,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl.,  co. 
Wilts,  on  the  Avon. 

Mella,  a  river  of  Austrian  Italy, 
rises  20  m.  N.  Brescia,  flows  S.,  &  joins 
the  Oglio.-    L.  50  miles. 

Mellara,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy, 
21  miles  E.S.E.  Mantua,  on  the  Po.  P. 
2,323. 

Mellawee,  a  mkt.  town  of  Central 
Egypt,  26  m.  S.  Minieh,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Nile. 

Melle,  a  mkt.  town  of  Hanover,  on 

the   Else.     P.  1,437. II.    a   vill.    of 

Piedmont,  11  miles  W.S.W.  Saluzzo.    P. 

2,043. III.  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 

dep.  Deux-Sevres,  17  m.  E.S.E.  Niort. 
P.  2,473. 

Melles,  a  vill.,  dep.  H.  Garonne,  with 
lead  mines.     P.  1,143. 

Melloon,  a  town  of  Burmah,  on  the 
Irrawadi,  opposite  Patanago. 

Mellrichstadt,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
on  the  Saale,  48  m.  N.N.E.  Wiirtzhurg. 
P.  1,810. 

Melnik,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  rt.  b. 
of  the  Elbe,  21  miles  N.  Prague.  P. 
1,378. 

Melnitzy,  Sr  market  town  of  Rus- 
sian Poland,  17  miles  E.S.E.  Kowel.  P. 
1,500. 

Meloir  des  Oudes  (St.),  a  comm.  & 
vill.  of  France,  dep.  lUe-et-Vilaine,  5  m. 
E.  St.  Malo.     P.  3,180. 

Melohia,  a  small  isl.  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean, off  the  coast  of  Tuscany,  4  m. 
W.  Leghorn. 

Melovatka,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia, 
33  miles  S.E.  KupLansk.     P.  2,000. 

Melrose,  a  bor.  of  barony  of  Scotl., 
CO.  Roxburgh,  on  the  Tweed,  11  miles 
N.N.W.  Jedburgh. 

Mels,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant.  St. 
Gall.     P.  1,000. 

Melsungbn,  a  town  of  Germany,  H.- 
Cassel,  on  the  Fulda,  13  m.  S.  Cassel. 
P.  4,020. 

Melton-Mowbray,  a  market  town  of 


men] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


493 


England,  co.  &  14J  m.  E.N.E.  Leicester. 
P.  20,530. 

Melun,  a  comtn.  &  town  of  France, 
cap.  dep.  Seine-et-Marne,  27  m.  S.S.B. 
Paris.     P.  6,750. 

Melville  (Bj^y),  an  inlet  of  Green- 
land, near  the  head  of  Baffin  bay. — 
(Gape),    a    headland,    forming   the   W. 

boundary  of   the  above   bay. II.  E. 

Australia. 

Melville  Island,  an  isl.  off  the  coast 
of  N.  Australia.     L.  70  m. ;    br.  30  m. 

II.  the  W.-most  of  the  Georgian  Isls., 

British  N.  America. III.  S.  Pacific. 

Melzo,  a  mkt.  town  of  Austrian  Italy, 
Lombardy,  12  miles  E.NTE.  Milan. 

Membhilla,  a  town  of  Spain,  29  m.  E. 
Ciudad-Real,  on  the  Azuer.  P.  3,620. 
.  Memel,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  E. 
Prussia,  being  the  most  N.  in  the  king- 
dom, 74  m.  N.N.E.  Konigsberg.  P.  9,400. 
It  consists  of  the  old,  new,  &  Frederick's 
towns,  with  several  suburbs. 

Memmingen,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  43  m. 
S.W.  Augsburg.     P.  6,876. 

Memphis,  a  ruined  city,  &  the  anc. 
cap.  of  Egypt,  the  remains  of  which  exist 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Nile,  10  m.  S. 
Cairo — Mitrahera  &  several  other  vills. 

are   on  its  site. II.  p-v.,    Shelby  co. 

Tenn.,  230  miles  from  Nashville,  on  an 
elevated  bluflF  of  the  Mississippi.  Its 
comm.  is  greater  than  that  of  any  town 
on  the  riv.  above  New  Orleans,  except  St. 
Louis.    P.  in  1840,  2,026  ;  in  1850,  8,839. 

Memphremagog  (Lake),  Lower  Can- 
ada &  U.  S.,  is  chiefly  in  the  British  dist. 
Three-rivers,  but  partly  in  the  state 
Vermont.     L.  30  m. 

Mena,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  48  m. 
E.  Tchernigov.     P.  2,000. 

Menaggio,  a  market-town  of  Austrian 
Italy,  15  m.  N.N.E.  Como. 

Menai  Strait,  an  arm  of  the  sea  in 
N.  "Wales,  separating  the  isle  of  Anglesea 
from  CO.  Carnarvon.  L.  14  m. ;  br.  varies 
from  200  yards  to  2  miles. 

Menallen,   p-t.,   Adams  co.  Pa.    P. 

2,269. II.    t.,    Fayette   co.   Pa.    P. 

1,377. 

Me-nam,  one  of  the  largest  rivers  of 
S.  Asia,  rises  in  the  table-land  of  Yunnan 
(China),  &  enters  the  gulf  of  Siam  by 
three  mouths.     L.  800  m. 

Menam-kong,  a  riv.  of  S.E.  Asia. 

Menan  (Great  &  Little),  two  isls. 

of  N.  Amer.,   in  the  Atlantic. 1.  In 

New  Brunswick,   at  the  entrance  of  the 

bay  of  Fundy,  &  13  m.  in  length. II. 

U.  States,  Maine,  off  Steuben  harbor. 

Menancabow,   a  state   of  Sumatr 
comprising  a  territory  in  its  W.  part. 


Menard,  N.W.  co.  111.  Area,  260  sq. 
m.     Cap.  Petersburg.     P.  6,349. 

Menars-la-Ville,  a  town  of  France. 

Menas-albas,  a  town  of  Spain,  28  m. 
S.S.W.  Toledo.     P.  3,651. 

Menat,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Puy-de-Dome,  17  m.  N.W. 
Riom.     P.  2,020. 

Mendavia,  a  mkt.  town  of  Spain,  40 
m.  S.W.  Pamplona.     P.  1,900. 

Mende,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  on 
1.  b.  of  the  Lot,  75  m.  N.W.  Avignon. 
P.  4,619. 

Mendefi,  a  lofty  mntn.  of  Central 
Africa,  S.  of  Mandora. 

Mendeli,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
36  m.  N.E.  Bagdad. 

Menden,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, 12  m.  W.  Arnsberg.     P.  3,300. 

Mendere,  two  rivers  of  Asia-Minor. 

1.  Anatolia,  is  formed  by  2  streams, 

flows   generally  W.S.W.,    &   enters   the 

.^gean  sea.     L.  200  m. rll.  plain  of 

Troy,  rises  in  Mount  Ida,  flows  N.W. 
L.  60  m. 

Mendham,  p-i^  Morris  co.  N.  J.  P. 
1,378. 

Mendocino,     co.,  California. II. 

{Cape),  the  most  W.  point  of  Upper 
Califomia,  on  the  Pacific.  Lat.  40°  29' 
N.,  Ion.  124°  29'  6"  W. 

Mendon,  t.,  Worcester  co.  Mass.     P. 

1,300. II.  p-t,  Monroe  CO.  N.Y.     P. 

3,353. 

Mendoza,  a  river  of  the  Plata  confed- 
eration, dep.  Mendoza.     L.  200  m. 

Mendoza,  a  dep.  of  the  Plata  confed- 
eration, having  W.  the  Andes,  separating 
it  from  Chile,  &  S.  an  unsettled  region. 
Estim.  p.  40,000.  Surface,  mostly  level, 
except  W.-ward.  PrincijJal  river,  the 
Mendoza. — Mendoza,  the  chief  town,  is 
situated  in  a  high  plain,  near  the  Andes. 
P.  12,000. 

Mendrisio,  the  most  S.  town  of  Swit- 
zerland, 6  m.  N.W.  Como,  with  1,716  in- 
habitants. 

Mendyghaut,  a  town  of  British  India, 
on  the  Ganges,  5  m.  S.  Kanoje. 

Menehopld  (Ste.),  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Marne,  on  the  Aisne,  26 
m.  E.N.E.  Chalons.     P.  3,068. 

Menbtou-  n,  a  comm.  &  market 
town  of  France,  dep.  Cher,  10  m.  N.N.E. 
Bourges.     P.  2,497. 

Mengen,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on 
the  Danube,  6  m.  S.E.  Sigmaringen.  P. 
2,044. 

Mexgeeinghausen,  a  small  town  of 
Germany,  princip.  &  12  m.  N.  Waldeck. 
pP.  L743. 
i       Menin,  a  comm.  &  fortified  town  of 


494 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[mer 


Belgium,  on  the  Lys,  7  m.  S.W.  Cour- 
trai.     P.  8,052. 

Menjil,  a  vill.  of  Persia,  pro  v.  Ghilan, 
40  m.  S.S.W.  E-eshd,  having  about  60 
houses. 

MENNEVBfiT,  a  comm.  &  vill.,  France, 
dep.  Aisne.     P.  2,148. 

Mennighufj'en,  a  vill.  of  Prussian 
Westphalia,  10  m.  W.S.W.  Minden.  P. 
1,216. 

Mennikorl,  a  vill.  of  Kussia,  14  m. 
W.S.W.  Wesenburg.     P.  2,000. 

Menomonee,  river,  Michigan,  enters 

Green  bay.   L.  100  m. II.  t.,  Milwau- 

kie  CO.  Wis. 

Menouf,  a  town  of  Lower  Egypt,  cap. 
a  prov.  in  the  Delta,  30  in.  N.N.W.  Cairo. 

Mens,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Isere,  25  m.  S.  Grenoble. 
P.  1,738. 

Menselinsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the 
Ik,  135  m.  N.W.  Ufa.     P.  1,420. 

Menshieh  (El),  a  town,  Upper  Egypt, 
9  m".  N.N.W.  Uirgeh. 

Mentone,  the  largest  town  in-  the 
princip.  of  Monaco,  N.  Italy.     P.-  5,000. 

Mentor,  p-t..  Lake  co.  0.     P.  1,245. 

Mentrida,  a  town  of  Spain,  27  m. 
N.W.  Toledo.    P.  2,679. 

Mentz,  a  town,  -Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.,  156 
m.  from  Albany.     P.  5,239. 

Menzaleh  (Lake),  one  (rf  the  great 
lagoons  of  Lower  Egypt,  immediately 
S.E.  Damietta,  separated  by  a  narrow 
sandbank  from  the  Mediterranean,  with 
which  it  communicates  by  three  openings. 
L.  50  m.;  gr.br.  25  m.  The  town  of 
Menzaleh  is  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  lake. 

Menzelinsk,  a  town  of  S.  Russia,  cap. 
circ,  134  m.  N.W.  Ufa.     P.  1,420. 

Meppel,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
cap.  cant.,  on  the  Havelter,  26  m.  S.W. 
Assen.     P.  6,070. 

Meppen,  a  town  of  Hanover,  44  m. 
N.W.  Osnabrijck,  on  the  Ems.     P.  1,951. 

MEauANEGO,  t.,  Milwaukie  co.  Wis- 
consin. 

Mequinenza,  a  town  &  fort  of  Spain, 
60  m.  S.S.E.  Huesca,  on  the  Ebro. 

Mequinez,  a  city  of  Morocco,  34  m. 
W.S.W.  Fez.     P.  60,000. 

Mer,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Loir-et-Cher,  11  miles  N.E.  Blois.  P. 
2,068. 

Mer  &  Ser,  two  (Contiguous  summits 
of  the  Himalaya,  in  the  N.  part  of  the 
Punjab. 

Mbhaga,  a  town  of  Algeria,  prov. 
Oran,  5  m.  S.  Shershell. 

Meran,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  the  Ty- 
rol, 15  m.  N.W.  Botzen.     P.  2,300.  • 

Meuapia,  a  volcano  of  Java.    It  was 


in  violent  eruption,  Sept.  14th  to  17th, 
1849. 

Merate,  a  market  town  of  Austrian 
Italy,  18  m.  S.E.  Cormo. 

Mehbidery,  a  town  of  British  India, 
17  m.  N.E.  Mangalore. 

Mercadal,  a  town  ■  of  the  Balearic 
islands,  Minorca,  13  m.  N.W.  Mahon. 
P.  4.000, 

Mercaha,  a  fortified  town  of  British 
India,  67  m.  W.  Seringapatam. 

Mercato-Saraceno.  a  town  of  Italy, 
Pontif.  states,  21  m.  S.S.E.  Forli.  P.  4,000. 

Mercer,  W.  co.  N.  J.     Area,  260  sq. 

m.    Cap.  Trenton.    P.  27,992. II.  W. 

CO.  Pa.     Area,  850  sq.  m.     P.  33,172.— 
Mercer,  the  cap.,  is  a  p-b.,  57  m.  from 

Pittsburg. III.  S.W.  co.  Va.  Area,  540 

sq.  m.    Cap.  Princeton.    P.  4,222. IV. 

a  central  co.  K-y.  '  Area,  225  sq.  m.     P. 

14,067.    Cap.  Harrodsburg. V.  W.  co. 

0.     Area,  576  sq.  m.     Cap.  Celina.     P. 

7,712. VI.  N.W.  CO.  111.     Area,  550 

sq.  m.     Cap.  Millersburg.    P.  5.246. 

VTI.  t.,  Somerset  co.  Me.  ,P.  1,432. 

VIII.  t.,  Butler  co.  Pa.   P.  1,233. IX. 

CO.,  Mo.    P.  2,699. 

Mercersburg,  p-b.,  Franklin  co.  Pa. 
P.  1,143. 

Merchtem,  a   comm.  &  vill.  of  Bel- 
gium, 12  m.  S.E.  Fumes.     P.  3,320. 
•  Mercia,  one  of  the  old  kingdoms  of 
the  Saxon  heptarchy,  or  octarchy,  occu- 
pying the  centre  of  England. 

Mercceur,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Correze,  17  m.  S.E.  Tulle. 
P.  1,035. 

Meecogliano,  a  small  fortified  town 
of  Naples,  3  m.  W.  Avellino.     P.  4,000. 

Mercury  Bay,  New  Zealand,  is  on  the 
N.E.  side  of  N.  island. 

Mer-de-Glace  ("  seaof  ice").  [Mont 
Blanc] 

Merdin,-  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey. 
[Mardin.] 

Merdrignac,  a  comm.  &  market 
town  of  France,  dep.  COtes-du-Nord.  -  P. 
2,730.    • 

Mere,  a  market  town  of  England,  co. 
Wilts,  22  m.  W.N.W.  Salisbury.  P. 
3,139. 

Meredith,  t.,  Belknap  eo.  N.  H.     P. 

3,521. II.  p-t.,  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  P. 

1,634. 

Mere-Eglise  (Ste.),  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Manche,  9  m.  S.E.  Va- 
lognes.     P.  1,740. 

Meretsh,  a  town  of  Russia,  56  m. 
S.W.  Vilna,  on  the  Niemen.    P.  4,000. 

Mbreville,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Loire,  on  the  Juine,  37  m. 
S.  Paris,  with  1,784  inhabs. 


MES] 


(JNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


495 


Mehgentheim,  a  town  of  "Wurtem- 
berg,  circ.  Jaxt,  on  the  Tauber,  56  m. 
N.N.E.  Stuttgart.     P.  2,381. 

Merghen,  a  town  of  Manchooria,  110 
m.  S.W.  Sagalin  Oola. 

,  Mergui,  a  marit.  town  of  British  In- 
dia, &  the  cap.  of  one  of  the  Tenasserim 
provs.,  on  an  island  in  the  delta  of  the 
Mergui  riv.     P.  8,000. 

Mergui  Archipelago,  a  group  of 
islands  in  the  Indian  ocean,  off  the  Ten- 
asserim coast. 

Merhamet-Abad,  a  vill.  of  Persia, 
80  m.  S.W.  Tabriz.     Has  1,000  houses. 

Merida,  a  cit^  of  Spain,  prov.  &  30 
m.  E.  Badajoz,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Guadia- 
na,  here  crossed  by  a  fine  Roman  bridge 
of  81  arches,  &  2,575  feet  in  length.  P. 
4,112. 

Merida,  the  cap.  city  of  Yucatan,  25 
m.  from  the  gulf  of  Mexico.  P.  23,000. 
-^ — II.  a  town  of  S.  America,  Venezue- 
la, dep.  Zulia.  on  the  Chama,  85  m.  N.AV. 
Varinas.     P.  6,000. 

Meriden,  t.,  New  Haven  co.  Conn. 
A  t.  of  mechanics.     P.  3,559. 

Merinchal  &  Merinville,  2  comms. 

&  vills.  of    France. I.  dep.   Creuse, 

14  m.  E.  Aubusson.      P.   2,119. IL 

dep.   Aude,   12  m.  N.E.  Carcassone.     P. 
1,625. 

Merionethshire,  a  marit.  co.  of  N. 
Wales.  Area,^  663  sq.  m.  P.  29,332. 
Surface  mountainous.  Principal  sum- 
mits Arran  Mowdwy,  2,955  feet,  &  Cader 
Idris,  2,914  feet  in  height. 

'  Meriwether,  W.  co.  Ga.  Area,  400 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Greenville.     P.  16,476. 

Merkah,  a  seaport  town  of  E.  Africa, 
42  in.  S.W.  Magadoxo.     P.  3,000. 

Merkez,  a  vill.,  castle,  &  river  in 
Syria,  '6  m.  N.  Scanderoon. 

Merklingen,  a  vill.  of  Wiirtemberg, 
on  the  Wurm,  13  m.  W.  Stuttgart.  P. 
1,297. 

Merlara,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy, 
28  m.  S.W.  Padua.     P.  2,500. 

Merleac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Cotes-du-Nord,  9  m.  N.W.  Loudeac. 
P.  2,826. 

Merlera,  the  most  N.  of  the  Ionian 
islands,  7  m.  N.W.  Corfu.     L.  2  m. 

Merlerault  (Le),  a  comm.  &  town 
of  Franco,  dep.  Orne,  15  m.  E.  Argentan. 
P.  1,433. 

Mermentau,  a  riv.,  rises  in  the  prai- 
ries of  S  W.  Louisiana,  flows  mostly  S., 
&  enters  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  after  a 
course  of  170  m. 

Merge  (Isle  of),  a  wide  tract  in  S. 
Nubia,  between  the  Nile  &  its  tributary 
the  Atbara.    L.  400  m. ;  br.  200  m.    The 


ruins  of  the  ancient  Meroe  are  in  its  N. 
part. 

Merom,  p-v.,  cap.  Sullivan  co.  la. 

Merrimac,  r.,  N.  H.,  is  formed  by  the 
union  of  the  Pemigewasset  r.  &  the  Win- 
nipiseogee  riv.  Entering  Mass.,  it  falls 
into  the  Atlantic.  It  is  nav.  for  vessels 
of  200  tons  to  Haverhill. II.  a  south- 
ern CO.  N-  H.      Area,  816  sq.  m.     Cap. 

Concord.     P.  38,445. III.  t.,  Hills- 

boro'  CO.  N.  H. IV.  t.,  St.  Louis  co. 

Mo.     P.  2,000. 

Merriman,  t.,  Crawford  co.  Mo.  P. 
1,111. 

Merritch,  a  considerable  town  of  W. 
Hindostan. 

Mersch,  a  market  town  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, to  m.  N.  Luxemburg,  cap.  dist., 
on  the  Alzette.     P.  2,400. 

Merse,  or  March,  a  district  of  Scotl,, 
forming  the  S.  part  of  Berwickshire. 

Mekseburg,  a  town  of  Prussian  SaX' 
ony,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Saale,  56  m.  S.S.E. 
Magdeburg.     P.  10,500. 

Mers-el-Kebin,  a  strongly  fortified 
town  of  Algeria,  on  the  Mediterranean.  3 
m.  N.W.  Oran. 

Mersey,  a  river  of  England,  rises  in 
the  N.  of  CO.  Derby,  &  flows  W.,  till  it 
expands  into  the  spacious  estuary  or  arm 
of  the  Irish  sea,  which  forms  Liverpool 
harbor.     L.  60  m. 

Merthyr-Tydvil,  a  town  of  S.  Wales, 
CO.  Glamorgan,  on  the  TafF,  22  m.  N.N.W. 
CardiflF. 

MERTOLA^fortfd.  town  of  Portugal,  on 
the  Guadianf ,  66  m.  S.  Evora.    P.  3,000. 

Merud,  a  fortified  town  of  British 
India,  presid.  Bombay,  dist.  &  47  m.  S.E. 
Poonah. 

Merit,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Oise,  cap.  cant.,  15  m.  S.  Beauvais.  P. 
2,473. 

Merv,  a  town  of  independent  Turkes- 
tan, 300  m.  S.E.  Khiva.     P.  3,000. II. 

a  vill.  of  Tibet,  on  the  Sutleje,  30  m. 
E.N.E.  Rampoor. 

Merville,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Nord,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Lys,  18  m.  W. 
Lille.     P.  3,021. 

Merxheim,  a  comm.  of  France,  dep. 
H.  Rhin,  11|  m.  S.W.  Colmar. 

Mery-sur-Seine,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Aube,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Seine. 
P.  1,362. 

Merzig,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
22  m.  S.  Treves,  on  the  Saar.     P.  3,450. 

Mesagne,  a  town  of  Naples,  27  m. 
N.W.  Lecce.     P.  6,000. 

Meschede,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, 11  m.  E.S.E.  Arnsberg,  on  the 
Ruhr.    P.  2,000. 


496 


CYCLOPEDIA    OK    GKOGRAPUr. 


[i^Etr 


Mbsekitsch,  two  towns,  Moravia. 

I.  (Gross),  19  m.  E.  Iglau,  on  the   Os- 

lava.      P.   3,900. II.    (  IVallachisch), 

25  m.  N.E.  Prerau.  on  the  Betschwa.  P. 
1,690. 

Meseritz,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
55  m.  W.  Posen,  on  the  Obra.     P.  4,760. 

Meshed,  a  city  of  N.E.  Persia,  cap. 
prov.  Khorassan.  P.  50,000.  It  stands 
in  a  fertile  plain,  is  enclosed  by  strong 
walls. 

Mesjid,  several  towns  of  ^^siatic  Tur- 
key, &c. 1.  (M.-Ali),  pash.  Bagdad, 

28  va.  S.  the   ruins  of  Babylon. II. 

(M.  Hossein),  28  m.  N.W.  Babyloa. 

Mesko,  a  vill.  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pash. 
Diarbekir,  20  m.  W.S.W.  Mardin. 

Mesmen  le  Vieux  (St.),  a  comm.  & 
vill.  of  France,  dep.  Vendee,  25  m.  N. 
Fontenay.     P.  1,220. 

Mesopotamia,  an  ancient  name  of 
the  country  between  the  Euphrates  & 
Tigris  rivers,  Asiatic  Turkey. 

Mesolonghi,  a  small  town  of  Grreece, 
W.  Hellas,  gov.  .^tolia,  on  a  marshy 
plain,  covered  with  olive  plantations, 
near  the  gulf  of  Patras,  22  m.  W.  Le- 
panto. 

Mesoraca,  a  town  of  Naples,  17  m. 
N.E.  Catanzaro.     P.  2,400. 

Messa,  a  walled  town  of  Morocco,  63 
m.  S.W.  Terodant.     P.  3,000. 

Messac,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Ule-et-Vilaine,  18  m.  N.E.  Redon. 
P.  2,536. 

Messene,  a  vill ,  &  formerly  an  im- 
portant city  of  Greece,  Moiia,  gov.  Mes- 
senia,  16  m.  S.E.  Kyparissia. 

Messenia,  a  gov.  of  Greece,  consist- 
ing of  the  S.W.  peninsula  of  the  Morea. 

Messina,  a  city  &  seaport  of  Sicilj% 
cap.  intend.,  on  the  strait  of  Messina,  8 
m.  N.W.  Reggio.  P.  83,772.  It  is  built 
on  the  W.  side  of_a  noble  harbor,  en- 
closed by  old  walls  ;  has  wide  handsome 
streets,  paved  with  lava,  &  lined  with 
white  stone  houses. —  The  strait  of  Mes- 
sina separates  Sicily  from  S.  Italy,  & 
unites  two  basins  of  the  Mediterranean. 
L.  N.  to.  S.  22  m.,  br.  10  m.  to  2^  m.,  at 
its  N.  extremity,  between  the  Faro 
tower,  Sicily,  &  the  rock  of  Scylla. 

Messines,  a  town  of  Belgium,  6  m. 
S.  Ypres.     P.  1,500. 

Messis,  a  large  vill.  of  Asia-Minor, 
pash.  &  18  m.  E.  Adana. 

Mestanza,  a  town  of  Spain,  30  m. 
S.S.W-  Ciudad-Real.     P.  2,670. 

Mestchovsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  40  m. 
W.S.W.  Kaluga. 

Mestre,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy,  5 
m.  N.W.  Venice.     P.  6,000. 


Mesurada  (Cape),  a  headland  of  Li- 
beria, W.  Africa. — Mesurada  River, 
W.  Africa,  flows  S.W.  300  m.,  &  enters 
the  Atlantic  .'it  Monrovia. 

Mesueata,  a  marit.  town  of  N.  Africa, 
dom.  &■  112  m.  E.S.E.  Tripoli,  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  gulf  of  Sidra. — Cape  Mesu- 
rata,  near  it,  is  in  lat.  32°  25'  N.,  Ion. 
1.5°  10'  E. 

Meta,  a  river  of  S.  Amer.,  New  Gra- 
nada, rises  about  40  m.  S.  Bogota,  & 
joins  the  Orinoco,  after  a  N.E.  course 
of  500  miles. 

Metal,  t ,  Franklin  co.  Pa.     P.  1,113. 

Metapa,  a  town  of  Central  Amer., 
state  &  20  m.  S.S.E.  Guatemala,  near 
Lake  Metapa.     P.  8,000. 

Metauro,  a  river  of  Central  Italy, 
Pontifical  sta.,  enters  the  Adriatic.  L. 
50  m. 

Metaxata,  a  vill.  of  the  Ionian  island 
Cephalonia,  dist.  Livato,  6  m.  SE.  Ar- 
gostoli. 

Metelen,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, 23  m.  N.W.  Miinster.     P.  1,400. 

Meteren,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Nord.     P.  2,540. 

Methamis,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Vaucluse,  15  in.  N.E.  Avignon.  P. 
1,020. 

Methuen,  t.,  Essex  co.  Mass.  P. 
2,251. 

Methye  (Lake),  a  small  lake  of  Brit- 
ish N.  Amer.,  180  m.S.  Lake  Athabasca. 

Metidjah,  a  fertile  plain  in  Algeria. 
L.  E.  to  W.  90  m. 

Metropoli,  a  town  of  Crete,  near  its 
centre,  20  m.  S.W.  Candia. — Metropolis 
is  a  ruined  city  of  Asia-Minor,  Anatolia, 
the  remains  of  which  are  22  m.  S.S.E. 
Smyrna. 

Metternich,  a  vill.  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 2|  m.  W.  Coblentz. 

Mettmann,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 9i  m.  N.E.  Diisseldorf,  on  the  Diis- 
sel.     P.  2,625. 

Metz,  a  fortified  city  of  France,  cap. 
dep.  Moselle,  at  the  confl.  of  the  Moselle 
&  Seille,  170  m.  E.  Paris.  P.  42,976. 
Metz  is  one  of  the  strongest  &  most  im- 
portant places  in  France. 

Metzensiefen,  a  town  of  N.  Hun- 
gary, formed  of  two  contiguous  vills.,  18 
m.  W.  Kasohau.     United  p.  5,359. 

Metzingen,  a  town  of  S.  Germany, 
Wiirtemberg,  on  the  Neckar,  18  m.  S.E. 
Stuttgart.     P.  4,200. 

Metzovo,  a  town  of  Turkey. 

Meudon,  a  comln.  &,  small  town  of 
France,  dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  5  m.  W. 
Paris,  with  1,755  inhabs. 

Meulan,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France. 


MEX] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


497 


dep.  Seine-et- Oise,  on  the  Seine,  8  m. 
W.N.W.  Poissy.     P.  1,890. 

Meulebeke,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Bel- 

fiuLD,  cap.  cant.,  10  m.  N.  Courtrai.  P 
,293.—Meulebeeck  is  a  vill.,  1  m.  N.W. 
Brussels. 

Meung,  or  Mehun,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Loiret,  cap.  cant.,  on  rt. 
b.  of  the  Loire,  11m.  W.S.W.  Orleans. 
P.  2,648. 

Meuhs,  or  Mors,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  17  m.  N.N.E.  Dlisseldorf,  on  the 
Eider.     P.  2,860. 

Meursault,  a  comm.  &vill.  of  France, 
dep.  cote  d'Or,  27  m.  S.S.W.  Dijon.  P. 
2,201. 

Meurthe,  a  river  of  France.  It  joins 
the  Moselle,  6  m.  N.  Nancy.     L.  70  m. 

II.  a  dep.  of  France,  in  the  N.E., 

forming  part  of  the  old  prov.  Lorraine, 
cap.  Nancy.  Area,  2,465  sq.  m.  Chief 
rivers,  the  Moselle  &  its  affls.  P.  450,- 
423.  It  is  situated  entirely  in  the  basin 
of  the  Moselle. 

Meuse,  a  frontier  dep.  of  France,  in 
the  N.E.,  formed  of  part  of  the  old  prov. 
Lorraine.  Area,  2,369  sq.  m.  P.  328,- 
657.  It  is  traversed  from  S.  to  N.  by  a 
range  of  low  hills  called  the  mntns.  of 
Argonne,  which  separates  the  basins  of 

the  Meuse  &  Seine. II.  a  river  of 

Europe,  rises  in  France,  N.E.  Langres, 
disappears  underground  near  Bazoilles, 
&  re-appears,  4  m.  distant,  near  Neuf- 
chateau,  &  enters  the  N.  sea  by  3  prin- 
cipal mouths,  the  Maas  on  the  N.,  the 
Flakkee  in  the  middle,  &  the  Grevelin- 
gen  on  the  S. 

Meuselbach,  a  vill.  of  Central  Oer- 
many,  6  m.  S.  Konigsee.     P.  1,350. 

Meuselwitz,  a  market  town  of  Ger- 
many, 15  m.  N.E.  Gera.     P.  1,527. 

Mexican  Confederation,  a  federal 
republic  of  N.  America,  between  lat.  16° 
&  34°  N..  &  Ion.  92°  &  113°  W.,  having 
N.  Upper  California  &  Texas,  E.  the  gulf 
of  Mexico  &  Yucatan,  S.E.  the  confedera- 
tion of  Central  America,  &  S.  &  W.  the 
Pacific  &  gulf  of  California.  It  is  divi- 
ded into  20  states  or  deps  ,  4  territories, 
&  1  federal  district.  P.  7,000,000.  Area, 
906,263  sq.  m.  The  great  mountain  chain 
that  enters  the  confederation  from  Cent. 
America,  diverges,  on  passing  N.-ward, 
into  2  arms,  enclosing  the  plateau  of  Ana- 
huac,  from  6,000  to  8,000  feet  in  eleva- 
tion, out  of  which  rise  the  volcanoes  Po- 
pocatapetl,  Orizaba,  &c.,  to  upwards  of 
17,000  feet  above  the  sea.  There  are 
numerous  lakes  on  this  table- land,  the 
chief  being  that  of  Chapala.  Coasts,  es- 
pecially the  E-,  low  &  very  unhealthy. 


Principal  rivers,  the  Nueces,  Tigre,  Tam- 
pico,  &  Alvarado,  flowing  E.-ward ;  & 
the  Bolsas,  Rio  Grande  de  Santiago,  Culi- 
acan,  &  Yaque,  entering  the  Pacific  ;  but 
all  are  much  inferior  in  size  to  the  Rio 
Bravo  del  Norte,  which  forms  all  the 
N.E.  frontier.  Soil  extremely  fertile,  & 
products  are  in  great  variety,  comprising 
maize,  manioc,  most  European  grains  & 
fruits,  yams,  peppers,  cocoa,  vanilla,  su- 
gar, cotton,  coffee,  &  other  productions 
of  tropical  climates.  The  mineral  wealth 
of  the  confederation  exceeds  that  of  any 
part  of  America,  except  Peru  &  Califor- 
nia. Annual  mineral  products  of  gold, 
silver,  copper,  iron,  2,500  quintals  of 
quicksilver,  $26,000,000.  The  principal 
mines  are  in  the  central  deps.  Mining 
is  very  ill  conducted,  &  of  most  kinds  of 
industry,  excejit  domestic  manufs.,  in 
some  of  which  the  Indians  greatly  ex- 
cel, few  are  attempted.  Principal  ports 
are  Vera  Cruz,  Tampico,  Matamoras,  & 
Monterey,  on  the  gulf  of  Mexico  ;  &  San 
Bias,  Acapulco,  Mazatlan,  &  Guaymas, 
on  the  Pacific  &  gulf  of  California.  For- 
eign debt,  84,000,000  dollars  ;  internal 
debt,  18,550,000  dollars.  Annual  rev., 
$8,000,000  ;  expenditure,  $12,000,000. 
The  number  of  estates  in  the  country  is 
13,000,  the  value  of  which  is  estimated  at 
$720,000,000,  &  the  value  of  city  property 
is  estimated  at  $635,000,000.  The  whole 
of  the  real  estate  in  the  republic  is  val- 
ued at  $1,355,000,000.  State  religion  is 
the  Roman  Catholic,  &  the  property  of 
the  church  is  estimated  at  $90,000,000 

in  value. II.  a  state  of  the  Mexican 

confederation,  having  S.  the  Pacific 
ocean.  Area,  35,450  sq.  m.  P.  1,500,- 
000.  Surface  in  the  N.  belongs  to  the 
Anahuac  plateau.  Products  very  vari- 
ous. It  has  some  manufs.  of  cotton  fab- 
rics. Chief  cities,  Tezcuco  the  cap.,  To- 
luca,  Tenanzingo,  Lerma,  &  Acapulco. 
III.  the  cap.  city  of  the  Mexican  con- 
federation, federal  dist.,  in  a  noble  plain, 
1,700  sq.  m.  in  extent,  enclosed  by  moun- 
tains, containing  many  fine  lakes,  & 
7,471  feet  above  the  sea.  Lat.  19°  25' 
7"  N.,  Ion.  99°  5'  0"  W.  P.  200,000.  It 
is  encircled  by  walls,  &  entered  by  gates, 
to  which  several  fine  thoroughfares  lead, 
&  few  cities  have  so  imposing  an  appear- 
ance both  externally&  internally,  though 
its  suburbs  are  in  the  last  degree  miser- 
able. In  the  city  proper  the  houses  are 
mostly  of  stone,  built  around  court-yards, 
seldom  more  than  one  story  in  height, 
flat-roofed,  &  decorated  by  painting  & 
mosaic  work  on  the  outside  ;  streets  regu- 
lar &  weH*  paved,  but  neither  lighted  nor 


f 


498 


CYCLOP-iEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[mia 


watched.  The  great  square  is  one  of 
the  finest  in  any  metropolis  ;  two  of  its 
sides  are  formed  by  the  cathedral,  na- 
tional palace,  museum,  &  a  new  market- 
place, the  other  sides  are  bordered  by 
arcades  in  front  of  the  Parian,  a  kind 
of  bazaar,  by  the  town-hall,  exchange, 
&c.  The  cathedral,  500  feet  in  length 
by  420  feet  in  breadth,  is  of  mixed  Go- 
thic &  Italian  architecture,  &  gorgeously 
ornamented,  ha,ving  also  a  high  altar 
with  a  statue  of  the  Virgin,  the  dress  of 
which  is  said  to  contain,  besides  other 
gems,  diamonds  to  the  value  of  3,000,- 
000  dollars.  The  national  palace  com- 
prises the  residence  of  the  President,  the 
government  offices,  mint,  the  prison,  bo- 
tanic garden,  barracks,  &c.  The  uni- 
versity is  a  fine  old  monastic  building, 
in  the  court-yard  of  which  is  an  excellent 
bronze  statue  of  Charles  IV.  of  Spain, 
by  Tolsa,  a  Mexican  artist.  There  are 
between  50  &  60  churches,  Franciscan  & 
Dominican  convents,  a  college  of  engi- 
neers, theatre,  bull-ring,  &  several  aque- 
ducts ;  an  academy  of  arts,  &  public  li- 
brary. Captured  by  the  Americans  under 
General  Scott,  Sept.  14th,  1847.  — The 
gulf  of  Mexico  is  a  large  inland  sea, 
communicating  E.-ward  by  the  Florida 
channel  with  the  Atlantic,  &  by  the  chan- 
nel of  Yucatan,  with  the  Caribbean  sea, 
&  on  other  sides  enclosed  by  the  territo- 
ries of  the  U.  States,  Mexico,  &  Yucatan. 
L.  1,000  m. ;  b.  600  m.  Except  off  Yuca- 
tan &  Florida,  it  is  free  from  isls.  or 
shoals,  &  along  the  coast  of  Mexico,  it 
has  a  depth  of  100  fathoms,  30  m.  from 
shore.  In  the  winter  violent  N.  winds 
prevail  here  ;  but  the  gulf  is  less  subject 
to  hurricanes  than  the  Caribbean  sea. 
The  "  gulf  stream"  sets  into  it  at  its  S.E., 

&  out  of  it  at  its  N.E.  side. IV.  p-t., 

Oswego  ;co.  N.  Y.      P.  4,221. V.p-v., 

Audrain  co.  Mo. 

Meximieux.  a  comm.  &  t.  of  France, 
dep.  Ain,  20  m'  E.S.E.  Trevoux.  P.  2,065. 

Mexlitlan,  a  market  town  of  the 
Mexican  confed.,  state  &  100  m.  N.E. 
Mexico. 

Meyenbueg,  a  walled  town  of  Prussia, 
73  m.  N.W.  Berlin.     P.  1,607. 

Meymac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Corrlze,  9  m.  AV.  Ussel.  P.  1,845. 

Meyon,  an  isl.  of  the  E.  archipelago, 
betw.  Celebes  &  Gilolo. 

Meyrueis,  a  comm.  &  small  town  of 
France,  dep.  Loz^re,  12  m.  S.S.W.  Flo- 
rae. P.  1,378. — Meissac  is  a  comm.  & 
vill.,  dep.  Corrize,  10  m.  S.B.  Brives.  P. 
2,540. 

Meyzibcx.  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 


dep.'Isere,  cap.  cant.,  17  m.  N.  Vienne. 
P.  1,200. 

Meze,  a  comm.  &  seaport  town  of 
France,  dep.  Herault,  19  m.  S.W.  Mont- 
pellier.     P.  4,534. 

Mezel,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Alpes,   15  m.  S.S.W.  Digne.     P. 

985. II.  a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Puy- 

de-DOme.     P.  1,207. 

Mezen,  a  river  of  N.  Russia,  enters 
Mezen  bay.  White  sea.  Course  N.W., 
of  400  m. 

Mezen,  a  town  of  Russia,  140  m.  N.E. 
Archangel,  on  the  Mezen  river,  15  m. 
from  the  White  sea.    P.  1,900. 

Mezieres,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
cap.  dep.  Ardennes,  47  m.  N.E.  Rheims. 

P.  3,847. II.  {M.-en-J3renne),  comm. 

&  town,  dep.  Indre,  16  m.  N.E.  Le  Blanc. 
P.  1,541. 

Mezin,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Lot-et-Garonne,  7  m.  S.S.W.  Nerae. 
P.  2,051. 

MezQ,  a  prefix  of  the  names  of  numer- 
ous places  in  Hungary. 1.   {M.  Be- 

reny).  a  vill.,  co.  &   7  m.  N.W.   Bekes. 

P.  7,900. II.  (ikf.  Kovesd),   a  royal 

mkt.  town,  co.  Borsod.    P.  6,570. 

Mezo-Tur,  a  mkt.  town  of  Hungary. 
CO.  Heves,  57  m.  S.W.  Debreczin.  P. 
15,736. 

Mezzenile,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  23  m. 
N.W.Turin.     P.  2,502. 

Mezzojuso,  a.  town  of  Sicily,  18  m. 
S.E.  Palermo.     P.  4,000. 

Mezzovo,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Epirus,  23  m.  E.N.E.  Janina.  It  has 
about  1,000  houses. II.  {Mount  Mez- 
zovo), Turkey. 

Mglin,  a  town  of  Russia,  128  m.  N.E. 
Tchernigov.     P.  6,800. 

Mhar,  a  town  of  British  India,  72  m. 
S.S.E.  Bombay,  25  m.  from  the  sea. 

Mheysur,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  40  m. 
S.S.W.  Indore. 

Mhow,  a  town  of  India,  dom.  &  12  m. 
S.  Indore. 

Mhyb,  a  river  of  India,  enters  the  gulf 
of  Cambay,  by  a  mouth  5  miles  across. 
L.  300  m. 

Miajadas.  a  town  of  Spain,  30  m.  S.E. 
Caceres.     P. '3,290. 

MiAKO,  a  city  of  Japan,  &  its  ecclesi- 
astical cap.,  island  Niphon,  on  the  Yeddo- 
gawa  river,  240  m.  W.S.W.  Yeddo.  Lat. 
35°  3'  N.,  Ion.  135°  53'  E.  P.  477,557. 
It  stands  in  a  spacious  plain,  enclosed  by 
mntns.  covered  with  gardens,  intersper- 
sed with  temples  &  monasteries.  The 
city  is  stated  to  be  4  m.  in  length,  3  m. 
in  breadth,  &  encircled  by  a  fosse  ;  streets 
regular,  but  narrow;  houses  of  fragile 


MIc] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


499 


materials.  On  its  N.  side  is  a  separate- 
ly fortified  quarter,  comprising  the  resi- 
dence of  the  dairi,  or  ecclesiastical  sove- 
reign of  the  empire  ;  &  on  the  W.  is  a 
strong  citadel,  the  residence  of  various 
government  officers.  Miako  is  at  once 
the  principal  seat  of  learning  &  literary 
publication,  &  the  chief  manufacturing 
city  of  the  empire,  every  kind  of  Japan- 
ese handicraft  being  here  carried  on  in 
the  highest  perfection. 

MiALLET,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Dordogne,  13  m.  E.  Nontron.  P. 
1,863. 

Miami,  river,  0.,  enters  the  Ohio,  in 
S.W.  corner  of  the  state:    Course,  100  m. 

II.W.  CO.  0.     Area,  410  sq.m.    Cap. 

Troy.      P.   24,996. III.  N.    co.   la. 

Area,  380  sq.  m.     Cap.  Peru.     P.  11,304. 

IV.  t.,   Hamilton   co.  0.     P.  2,189. 

V.  t.,  Clermont  co.  0.    P.  2,063. 

VI.  t.,  Greene  co.  0.    P.  1,238. VII. 

t.,  Logan  CO.  0.     P.  1,423. VIII.  t., 

Montgomery  CO.  0.     P.  3,259. 

MiANA,  a  town  of  Persia,  on  the  Sefid- 
rood,  80  m.  S.E.  Tabriz.     P.  2,000. 

MiAVA,  a  market  town  of  N.W.  Hun- 
gar  v,  CO  Neutra,  on  the  Miava,  48  m. 
N.N.E.  Presburg.     P.  9,800. 

Michael  (St),  the  largest  of  the 
Azores  islands,  in  the  Atlantic  ocean, 
lat.  37°  44'  N.,  Ion.  25°  30'  W.  L.  E.  to 
W.,  36  m.  Area,  224  sq.  m.  P.  80,809. 
Surface  mostly  mountainous,  &  the  Agoa 
de  Pao,  in  its  centre,  rises  to  3,070  feet 
in  height.  Soil  volcanic,  &  the  island  has 
often  suffered  from  earthquakes.  It  con- 
tains many  mineral  springs  &  several 
lakes.  Orange  gardens  are  estimated  to 
comprise  2,100,  &  vineyards,  2,400 acres; 
&  90,000  bo.'ces  of  oranges,  value  40,000/., 

are    annually  exported. II.  (St.),  a 

tnshp.  of  the  Missouri.     P.  1,518. III. 

a  river  of  Maryland,  enters  Chesapeake 

bay,  after  a  course  of  16  m. IV.  (St.), 

a  mkt.  town  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  on  the 
Adige,  9  m.  N.  Trient. 

Michael's  Bay  (St.),  E.  coast  of  Lab- 
rador, British  N.  America. 

Michael's  Mount  (St.),  a  venerable 
granite  rock,  in  Mount's  bay,  Cornwall, 
England,  |  m.  S.  Marazion. 

Michel  (St.),  numerous  comms.  &  vills. 

of  France. 1,  dep.  Drome,  17  m.  N.N.E. 

Valence.     P.  1,660. II.  dep.  Aisne, 

near  the  source  of  the  Oise,  13  m.  N.E. 
Vervins.  P.  3,200. III.  {en  V Her- 
mitage), dep.  Vendee,  22  m.  W.S.W.  Fon- 
tenay-le-Comte.     P.  1,741. 

Michel  (St.),  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
Savoy,  7  m.  E.S.E.  St.  Jean  de  Mauri- 
enne,  on  the  Arc.     P.  1,869. San  Mi- 


chele  di  Mondavi  is  a  vill.,  div.  Coni,  3* 
m.  E.  Mondovi.     P.  1,777. 

Michelstadt.  a  town  of  Germany,  21 
m.  S.E.  Darmstadt.     P.  3,004. 

Michiels-gestel,  a  viil.  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, on  the  Dommel,  4i  m.  S.  Bois-le- 
Duc.     P.  2,673. 

Michigan,  one  of  the  N.W.  states  of 
the  U.  S.,  between  lat.  41°  40'  &  47°  30' 
N.,  &  Ion.  82°  35'  &  90°  50'  W.,  consist- 
ing of  two  separate  peninsulas  ;  the  larger 
between  L.  Michigan  on  the  W.,  &  Lakes 
Huron  &  Erie  on  the  E.,  the  other  penin- 
sula N.  of  Lake  Michigan  &  the  strait  of 
Maehilimakinac,  &  bounded  N.  by  Lake 
Superior.  United  area  estim.  at  66.000 
sq.  m.  P.  in  1840,  212,267;  in  1850, 
397,654.  Surface  in  the  N.  peninsulas, 
mntnous.,  rocky,  covered  with  woods, 
lakes,  &,  rivers,  &  reputed  to  be  rich  in 
minerals.  The  S.  peninsula  is  mostly 
level,  or  undulating,  comprising  a  large 
extent  of  prairie  land,  &  in  the  S.  much 
good  soil.  The  state  is  well  watered,  & 
has  upwards  of  700  m.  of  coast.  It  has 
some  manufactures,  but  the  products  are 
principally  agricultural.  There  are  474 
m.  of  railways  in  operation.  Value  of 
imports,  (1850),  $144,102;  of  exports, 
$132,045.  State  debt,  $2,529,872.  In- 
come, $484,715  67.  Sends  5  representa- 
tives to  Cong.  The  state  is  divided  into 
44  cos.  Cap.  Lansing.  Principal  towns, 
Detroit,  Adrian,  Monroe,  Tecumseh,  & 
St.  Joseph.  The  French  made  the  first 
settlement  at  Detroit  in  1805.  The  qo. 
was  afterwards  erected  into  a  territory ; 
&  in  1836  admitted  into  the  Union.  Tho 
governor,  lieut.-gov.,  &  senate  are  elect- 
ed biennially,  the  representatives,  annu- 
ally.— Lake  Michigan  is  one  of  the  five 
great  lakes  of  N.  America,  lying  wholly 
within  the  U.S.  territory,  having  E.  the 
state  Michigan,  W.  the  Huron  territory, 
&  communicating  N.E.  \>y  the  strait  of 
Maehilimakinac  with  L.  Huron.  Length, 
330  m.,  breadth,  60  miles.  Area  about 
16,980 sq.  m.  Mean  depth,  1,000  feet; 
height  above  the  tide  level,  584  feet,  be- 
ing 44  feet  below  Lake  Superior. 

Michigan  City,  p-v.,  Laporte  co.  la., 
on  S.  shore  of  Lake  Michigan.     P.  1,000. 

MicHipicoTON,  a  bay  of  Lake  Superior, 
N.  America,  on  its  N.  side  in  Upper  Can- 
ada-    In  it  is  an  island  of  same  name. 

MicRONSiDE,  an  innumerable  number 
of  islands  to  the  westward  of  the  Sand- 
wich, including  the  Caroline,  Kingsmill, 
&  other  groups  between  the  meridian  & 
40°  N.  &  Ion.  135°  to  180°  E. 

Micuipampa,  a  town  of  Peru,  dep. 
Truxillo,  25  m.  N.N.E.  Caxamarca. 


600. 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[mik 


MiDDELBUHG,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, cap.  prov.  Zeeland,  near  the  centre 
of  the  island  Walcheren,  4  m.  N.E.  Flush- 
ing. P.  16,000.  It  is  enclosed  by  a  bas- 
tioned  mound  &  a  ditch,  &  partly  inter- 
sected by  canals,  one  of  which  forms  a 
small  harbor. 

MiDDELFART,  a  seaport  town  of  Den- 
mark, on  the  N.AV.  coast  of  the  isl.  Fiih- 
nen,  26  m.  W.N.W.  Odense,  with  1,600 
inhabs.,  &  a  harbor  on  the  Little  Belt. 

MiDDELHARNIS     &    MiDDELSTUM,    tWO 

Tills,  of  the   Netherlands. 1.  S.  Hol- 
land, in  the  i.sl.  Overllake.   P.  2,905. 

II.  9  m.  W.N.W.  Appingadam.    P.  1,620. 

Middle,  t..  Cape  May  co.  N.J.  P.  1,624. 

Middle  Paxton,  t.,  Dauphin  co.  Pa. 
P.  1,560. 

Middleborough,  t.,  Plymouth  co. 
Mass.     P. 

Middlebourne,  p-v.,  cap.  Tyler  co.  Ya. 

Middleburg,  p-t.,  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  2,967. 

Middlebury,  t.,  cap.  Addison  co.  Vt.' 
B9  m.  S.W.  Montpelier.  The  vill.  is  at 
the  falls  of  Otter  creek.  A  place  of  ex- 
tensive manufs.  A  quarry  of  the  finest 
statuary  marble  is  wrought  here.  This 
vill.  is  the  seat  of  Middlebury   college. 

P.  3,517. II.  t.,  New  Haven  co.  Conn. 

P.  767. III.  p-t.,  Wyoming  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  1,799. IV.  t.,  Knox  co.  Ohio.    P. 

1,004. 

Middlefield,  t.,  Hampshire  co.  Mass. 

P.  1,717. II.  p-t.,  Otsego  CO.  N.  Y.  P. 

3,319. 

MiDDLEPORT,  p-v.,  Niagara  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  500. 

MiDDLESBOROTJGH,  a  river  port  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  York,  N.  Riding,  on  the  Tees, 
near  its  mouth,  &  3^  m.  E.N.E.  Stockton. 

Middlesex,  the  metropolitan  co.  of 
England,  having  S.  the  Thames  (which 
separates  it  from  Kent  &  Surrey).  Area, 
282  sq.  m.,  this  being  next  to  Rutland  the 
smallest  English  co.  Grass  farms  for  the 
supply  of  London  with  milk  &  hay,  greatly 
exceed  in  extent  the  arable  land.  Market 
gardens  are  very  extensive,  &  a  large 
portion  of  the  county  is  occupied  by  villas 

&  pleasure  grounds.   P.  1,895,710. II. 

E.  CO.  Mass.   Area,  800  sq.  m.   Caps.  Con- 
cord, Cambridge,  &  Lowell.     P.  161,383. 

III.  a  S.  central  co.  Conn.    Area,  342 

sq.  m.    Caps.  Middletown  &  Haddam.    P. 

30,680. IV.  CO.  E.  Va.     Area,  170  sq. 

m.     Cap.  Urbanna.     P.  4,394^ V.  t., 

Washington  co.  Vt.    P.  1,270. VI.  p-t., 

Yates  CO.  N.  Y.     P.  1,439. VII.  t., 

Butler   CO.   Pa.     P.   1,692. VIII.  a 

central  co.  N.  J.    Area,  339  sq.  m.    Cap. 
New  Brunswick.    P.  28,635. 


Middle  Smithfibld,  t.,  Monroe  co. 
Pa.     P.  1,144. 

Middleton,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  Lan- 
caster.  II.  a  market  town   of  Irel.,x 

Munster,  co.  &  14  m.  E.  Cork.     P.  4,591. 

Middleton  Isls.,  small  isls.  in  the  S. 
Pacific,  one  350  m.  E.  of  Australia. 

Middletown,  city,  town,  port  of  entry, 
&  semi-cap.  of  Middlesex  co.  Conn.,  on 
Conn,  r.,  34  m.  from  its  mouth.  P. 
4,211.  It  is  at  the  head  of  ship  nav.,  & 
was  formerly  a  place  of  some  commercial 
importance.  The  Wesleyan  University 
is  located  here.  The  town  is  distinguish- 
ed for  its  agriculture. II.  t.,  Rutland 

CO.  Vt.     P.  1,077. III.  p-t.,  Delaware 

CO.  N.  Y.      P.  2,608. IV.   p-t.,  Mon- 
mouth CO.  N.  J.    P. V.  t.,  Bucks 

CO.   Pa.     P.  2,124. VI.   t.,  Delaware 

CO.    Pa.     P.  1,451. VII.  p-v.,  Butler 

CO.  0.   P.  1,000. VIII.  t.,  Columbiana 

CO.  0.     P.  1,601. 

Middletown  Point,  port  of  delivery, 
Monmouth  co.  N.  J.,  3  m.  from  Raritan 
bay.     P.  500. 

Middlewich,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  & 
21  m.  E.  Chester. 

Midgley,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
York,  W.  Riding.     P.  2,667. 

MiDHURST,  a  town  of  England,  co.  Sus- 
sex, 11m.  N.N.E.  Chichester. 

Midland,  N.E.  co.  Mich.,  on  Saganaw 
bay.  Area,  560  sq.  m.  P.  65.  Cap. 
Midland. 

Midnapoor,  a  dist.  of  British  India, 
presid.  &  prov.  Bengal,  having  E.  the 
Hooghly  river.  Estimated  area,  8,260 
sq.  m.,  &  p.  1,361,000.  Surface  hilly  in 
the  W.,  elsewhere  mostly  level,  &  trav- 
ersed by  afSuents  of  the  Hooghly. — 
Midnapoor,  the  cap.  town  on  the  N.  bank 
of  the  Cassai  river,  is  72  m.  W.S.W.  Cal- 
cutta. 

MiDOuzE,  a  nav.  river  of  France,  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  Midou  & 
Douze.  L.  18  m.,  or  comprising  the  Mi- 
dou 65  m. 

Midroe,  a  town  of  Algeria,  on  the 
river  Faled,  134  m.  S.W.  Algiers. 

Mi  EC  how,  a  town  of  Poland,  44   m. 

S.W.    Kielce.     P.  1,500. II.  a  small 

town,  23  m.  N.N.W.  Lublin. 

Miedniki    &    Miedzna,    two    small 

towns  of  Russia. 1.  16  m.  S.E.  Vilna. 

II.  21  m.  N.N.W.  Siedlec. 

Miedzyrzyc,  a  town  of  Poland,  25  m. 

SE.    Siedlec- II.  a   market   town  of 

Russian  Poland. 

Mielan,  a  coram.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gers,  20  m.  S.W.  Auch.     P.  1,171. 

Mieres  (St.  Juan  de),  a  town  of 
Spain,  prov.  &  9  m.  S.E.  Oviedo.  P.  1,819. 


MIL 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


501 


Mies,  or  Silber-beegstadt,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  15  miles  W.  Pilsen.  P. 
4,269. 

Mifflin,  a  central  co.  Pa.     Area,  900 

sq.  m.     Cap.   Lewiston.     P.  14,980. 

II.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.     P.  1,224. -III. 

t.,  Alleghany  co.   Pa.     P.  1,654. IV. 

t.,  Cumberland  co.  Pa.     P.  1,412. V. 

t.,  Columbia  co.  Pa.    P.  2,150. VI.  t., 

Dauphin  co.   Pa.     P.  1,781. VII.  t., 

Richland  co.  0.     P.  1,800. 

MiGALGARA,  a  town  of  Turkey. 

MiGLiONico,  a  town  of  Naples,  9  m. 
S.W.  Matera.     P.  3,300. 

MiGNE,  two  comms.  &  vills.  of  France. 

1,  dep.  Vienne,  on  the  Auzance.     P. 

1,931.— ,— II.  dep.  Indre,  13  m.  N.E.  Le 
Blanc.     P.  1,149. 

MiGUELTURRA,  a  town  of  Spain,  3  m. 
S.E.  Ciudad  Real.     P.  4,515. 

MiHiEL  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  &  on  the  Mouse,  9  m. 
N.N.W.     P.  4,875. 

MiHLA,  a  vill.  of  Central  Germany, 
Saxe-Weimar,  7  m.  N.  Eisenach.  P. 
1,294. 

MiiAs,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia,  joins 
the  Tobol.    L.  300  m. 

MiJARES,  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  N.E. 
Teruel,  &  enters  the  Mediterranean.     L. 

65  m. II.  a  town  of  Spain,  25  m.  S. 

Avila.     P.  767. 

MiJAs,  a  town  of  Spain,  15  m.  S.W. 
Malaga.    P.  4,080. 

MiJiRiTCH,  several  small  towns  of  Rus- 
sia.  1.   79    m.    N.W.    Kharkov.      P. 

7,000. II.  gov.  Kiev,  28  m.  W.N.W. 

Tcherkasi. III.  gov.  Volhynia,  23  m. 

E.N.E.   Rowno. IV.   Poland,    25    m. 

E.S.E.  Siedlec. 

MiKENAUK,  N.  CO.  Mich.  Area,  576 
sq.  m. 

MiKHAiLOv,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  & 
32  m.  S.W.  Riazan,  cap.  dist.,  on  the  Pro- 
nia.     P.  6,500. 

MiKHAiLOVKA,  2  towns  of  Russia. 

I.  gov.  Kursk,  10  m.  "W.  Novoi-Oskol.    P. 

6,000. II.  17  m.  S.S.E.  Jekaterinoslav. 

P.  3,600. 

MiKLOs  (St.),  two  towns  of  Hungary. 

1,  cap.  CO.  Liptau,  on  the  Waag,  34 

m.  N.E.  Neusohl.     P.  1,200. II.    co. 

Heves,  near  the  Theiss,  10  m.  E.  Szolnok. 
P.9,101. 

MtKOLAJOw,  a  market  town  of  Aus- 
trian Poland,  Galicia,  20  m.  JST.N.E.  Stry. 
P.  1,860. 

MiKULiNCE,  a  town  of  Austrian  Po- 
land,  Galicia,    12   m.  S.  Tarnopol.      P. 

2;ooo. 

MiLAGRO  Ergavia,  a  town  of  Spain, 
40  m.  S.  Pamplona.     P.  1,800. 


Milan,  a  city  of  Austr.  Italy,  cap.  of 
the  Lombardo- Venetian  kingdom.  P, 
(1846)  161.966,  including  a  garrison  of 
8,000  men  &  17,000  strangers.  It  is  the 
residence  of  the  viceroy,  the  seat  of 
government,  &  a  bishop's  see.  Milan  is 
nearly  of  a  circular  shape,  enclosed  on 
three  sides  by  a  wall  surrounded  by  broad 
ramparts,  nearly  8  m.  in  circumference, 
&  entered  by  10  gates.  It  has  6,000 
houses  &  79  churches.  Among  the  chief 
objects  of  interest  are  the  church  of  St. 
Anlbrogio,  in  which  the  emperors  of  G  er- 
many  were  crowned,  &  the  refectory  of 
the  old  Dominican  convent,  attached  to 
the  church  of  Sta.  Maria  della  Gracia,  in 
which  is  the  famous  "  last  supper"  of  da 
Vinci.  The  chief  scientific  &  educational 
establishments  are  the  royal  academy  of 
arts  &  sciences,  formerly  palace  of  the 
Brea,  with  a  library  of  100,000  vols., 
valuable  MSS.,  &  pictures;  an  astronomi- 
cal &  magnetical  observatory,  &  botanio 
garden  ;  the  Ambrosian  library  with  60,- 
000  vols.  &  15,000  MSS.,  &  the  Trivulzio 
library,  20,000  vols.  &  2,000  MSS.  Mi- 
lan is  the  largest  book  mart  in  Italy ; 
from  its  position  on  the  great  routes 
across  the  Alps,  &  its  connection  by  ca- 
nals with  the  principal  rivers  in  Italy,  it 
is  favorably  situated  for  trade.  It  is  con- 
nected by  railway  with  Vienna.  Trevi- 
glio,  20  m.  E.N.E. ,  &  Monza,  9  m.  N.E. 

II.    p-t.,    Dutchess   CO.    N.  Y.      P. 

1,764. in.  p-t.,  Erie  eo.  0.     P.  1,531. 

IV.  CO.,  Texas.     Cap.  Nashville.    P. 

2,007. 

Milanese,  an  old  division  of  Italy,  cap. 
Milan. 

Milazzo,  a  strongly  fortified  seaport 
town  of  Sicily,  18  m.  W.  Messina,  on  the 
N.  coast.  P.  7,000.— The  gulf  of  Milaz- 
zo extends  E.  16  m. 

Mildenhall,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
SuflFolk.  on  the  navig.  Lark. 

Miles,  t.,  Centre  co.  Pa.     P.  1,198. 

MiLETO,  a  town  of  Naples,  cap.  cant., 
prov.  Calab.  Ult.  II.,  47  m.  N.N-E.  Reg- 
gio.    P.  1,250. 

Miletus,  a  ruined  city  of  Asia-Minor, 
30  m.  S.S.W.  Aiasaluck. 

MiLFORD,  a  seaport  town  of  S.  Wales, 
ca.  Pembroke,  6  m.   E.N.E.  St.  Anne's 

Head. II.    t.,    Worcester    co     Mass. 

P.  1,773. III.  t.,  N.  Haven  co.  Ct.    P. 

2,465. IV.  p-t.,  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.     P. 

2,227. V.  t,  Bucks  co.  Pa.    P.  2,193. 

VI.  t.,  Juniata   co.    Pa.     P.    1,824. 

Vir.  t.,  Somerset  co.  Pa.     P.  1,632. 

^ VIII.   t.,    BuHer  co.  0.     P.   1,868. 

IX.  p-v.,  &  hund.,  Kent  co.  Dela- 
ware.    P.  2,365. X.  t.,   Knox  co.  0. 


502 


CrctOP^DIA    OF  -GEOGRAPHY. 


[min 


P.  1,158. XI.  t.,  HUlsboro'  co.  N.  H. 

P.  1,455. 

Milford-Haven,  a  harbor  of  Engl., 
on  a  basin  or  deep  inlet  of  the  Atlantic, 
coast  of  S.  Wales,  co.  Pembroke,  form- 
ing one  of  the  best  ports  in  the  British 
dominions.  Situated  on  N.  side  of  the 
haven,  consists  of  three  parallel  streets. 
P.  2,377. 

MiLH  (El),  a  vill.  of  Palestine,  pash. 
Damascus,  18  m.  S.  Hebron. 

MiLHAU,  a  eomm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aveyron,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Tarn,  30  m. 
S.E.  Rodez.     P.  8,138. 

MiLHAUD,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Qard,  4  m.  S.W.  Mmes.     P.  1,673. 

MiLiLLi,  a  town  of  Sicily,  13  m.  N.N.W. 
Syracuse.     P.  4,200. 

Military  Frontier,  is  a  strip  of 
country  extending,  in  a  semi-cireulEy 
form,  from  the  Adriatic,  through  Illyria, 
Croatia,  Slavonia,  Hungary  (the  Banat), 
&  Transylvania,  &  constituting  the  de- 
fensive barrier  of  the  Austrian  empire, 
on  the  Turkish  frontier.  Area,  18,165 
sq.  ra.  P.  1,120,000,  mostly  Slavonians. 
MiLiTELLO,  two  towns  of  Sicily,  21  m. 
S.W.  Catania.     P.  3,600. 

MiLiTscH,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
33  m.  N.N.E.  Breslau.     P.  2,200. 

Mill,  t,  Tuscarawas  co.  0.     P.  1,225. 
MiLLAS,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  E.  Pyrenees,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Tet,  10 
m.  W.  Perpignan.     P.  1,997. 

MiLLBURY,  t.,  Worcester  eo.  Mass. 
Mill  Creek,    hund.,   New-Castle   co. 

Delaware. II.  t.,  Hamilton  co.  0.     P. 

6,249. 

Milledgeville,  city,  &  cap.  of  the 
state  of  Ga.,  158  m.  N.W.  Savannah,  on 
the  Oconee  r.,  at  the  head  of  steamboat 
nav.  It  contains  10  streets  parallel  with 
the  r.,  &  10  crossing  these  at  right  angles. 
Has  a  handsome  state-house.  Oglethorpe 
college  is  located  here.     P.  2,216. 

Mill-en-St.  Hubert,  a  comm.  &  vill. 
of  the  Netherlands,  7  m.  S.E.  Grave.  P. 
2,249. 

Miller,  a  central  co.  Mo.     Area,  555 

sq.  m.     P.  3,834.      Cap.  Tuscumbia. 

II.  t.,  Dearborn  co.  la.     P.  1,209. 

Millehy,  a  comm.  &  small  town  of 
France,  dep.  Rhone,  9  m.  S.S.W.  Lyon. 
P.  1,525. 

Millesimo,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  div. 
Genoa,  5  m.  S.W.  Cairo.     P.  1,308. 

Mills  Point,  p-v.,  Hickman  co.  Ky., 
on  the  Miss. 

Millstone,  cr.,  Monmouth  co.  N.  J. 
Millst»eet,  a  market  town  of  Ireld., 
Munster,  co.  Cork,   20  m.  E.  Killarney. 
P.  2,162. 


Milltown-Malbay,  a  town  of  Ireld., 
Munster,  co.  Clare.     P.  1,295. 

Millville,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.  N.  J. 
P.  1,771. 

Millwood,  t.,  Guernsey  co.  0.  P. 
1,596. 

MiLLY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Oise,    15   m.  E.   Etampes. 

P.   2,078. II.  a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep. 

Oise,  6  m.  N.N.W.  Beauvais.     P.  1,078. 

Milnathort,  a  mkt.  town  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Kinross.     P.  1,605. 

Milngavie,  a  vill.  of  Scotland,  co. 
Stirling,  7  m.  N.W.  Glasgow,     P.  1,622. 

MiLNTHORPE,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  Westmoreland,  7  m.  S.S.W.  Kendal. 
P.  1,159. 

MiLO,  an  isl.  of  the  Grecian  archip., 
kingdom  of  Greece,  gov.  Syra,  lat.  36° 
45'  N.,  Ion.  24°  23'  E.  Area,  65  sq.  m. 
P.  3,800.  Mount  St.  Elias  in  its  W.  part 
is  2,480  feet  in  ht.—Anti-Milo  is  an  islet 

about  6  m.  N.W. II.  p-t.,  Yates  co. 

N.  Y.,  198  m.  from  Albany.     P.  4,791. 

MiLOsLAv,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
29  m.  S.E.  Posen.     P.  1,590. 

MiLOSTAviTCHi,  a  mkt.  tovra  of  Rus- 
sia, 10  m.  E.N.E.  Klimovitchi.     P.  1,800. 

MiLTENBERG,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Main,  31  m.  W.  Wiirtzburg.  P. 
3,050. 

Milton,  t..  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  P. 
1,322. II.  t.,   Chittenden  co.  Vt. 

III.  t.,  Norfolk  CO.  Mass.     P.  1,822 

IV.  t.,  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.     P  4,220. 

V.  p-b.,    Northumberland   co.   Pa.      P. 

1,508. VI.  p-v.,  cap.  Santa  Rosa  co. 

Fla.,  20  m.  N.E.  Pensacola. VII.  p-t, 

Trumbull  co.  0.     P.  1,277. VIII.  t, 

Richland  co.   0.       P.    1,861. IX.   t., 

Wayne  co.  0.     P.  1,157. X.  t.,  Jef-^ 

ferson  co.  la.     P.  1,280. 

Milton  (Royal),  a  mkt.  town  of 
Engl.,  CO.  Kent,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Chan- 
nel.    P.  2,538. 

MiLVERTON,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl.,  co. 
Somerset. 

Milwaukee,  W.  co.  Wis.  Area,  800 
sq.  m.  P.  31,177. — Milwaukee,  the  cap., 
is  on  river  of  same  name,  near  its  en- 
trance into  Lake  Mich.  This  r.  affords 
extensive  water  power.  Business  is 
large  &  its  growth  rapid.    P.  20,061. 

Min,  a  considerable  river  of  China, 
prov.  Fo-kien,  the  greater  part  of  which 
it  drains. 

MiNAB,  a  town  &  river  of  S.  Persia. 

Minam,  or  Meenam,  a  vill.  of  Persia, 
80  m.  W.  Kirman,  stated  to  consist  of 
about  400  grottoes  excavategl  in  a  moun- 
tain, &  inhabited  by  a  sect  of  sobismatio 
Mohammedans. 


min] 


CNIVEIB6AL    GAZETTEER. 


503 


Minas-Geraes,  a  prov.  of  Brazil, 
having  E.  Bahia.  Area,  estim.  253,600 
sq.  m.  P.  730,000.  It  occupies  the 
highest  table-land  in  Brazil,  &  is  the 
most  populous  of  its  provinces. 

MiNAs  Novas,  a  modern  town  of  Bra- 
zil, prov.  Minas  Geraes,  230  m.  N.N.B. 
Ouro  Preto.     P.  3,000. 

MiNAYA,  a  town  of  Spain,  31  m.  N.W. 
Albacete.     P.  2,312. 

MiNCARLO,  one  of  the  Scilly  isUinds, 
4  m.  W.  St.  Mary's. 

MiNCHiNHAMPTON,  a  mkt.  town  of 
Engl ,  CO.  Gloucester,  4  m.  S.E.  Stroud. 
P.  2,243. 

MiNcio,  a  river  of  N.  Italy,  emerges 
from  the  S.  extremity  of  L.  Garda,  flows 
S.  &  E.,  &  joins  the  Po.     L.  38  m. 

Mindanao,  the  most  S.  &  one  of  the 
largest  of  the  Philippine  isls.,  Asiatic 
archipelago.  Area,  36.000  sq.  m.  P. 
uncertain ;  that  of  the  2  Spanish  provs. 
on  its  N.  side  74,000.  On  its  S.W.  side 
is  the  large  bay  of  Illana.  Surface  in 
many  parts  mountainous,  &  densely 
wooded  with  teak  &  other  large  trees; 
in  other  parts  are  extensive  prairies. — 
Mindanao  is  a  town  on  the  S.W.  coast 
of  the  above  isl. 

MiNDELHEiM,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  30 
m.  S.W.  Augsburg.     P.  2,625. 

Mind  EN,  a  strongly  fortified  town  of 
Prussian  Westphalia,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Weser,  60  m.  E.N.E.  Miinster.  P.  9,800. 
— Minden,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  4,623. 

MiNDORO,  a  considerable  isl.  of  the 
Philippines,  Asiatic  archipelago,  20  m. 
S.  Luzon.  Area,  4,150  sq.  m.  P.  29,- 
632. — Mindoro,  is  a  section  of  the  E. 
seas,  bounded  S.  &  W.  by  Borneo,  &  the 
Sooloo  archip. 

Mine-A-Breton,  t.,  Washington  co. 
Mo.     P.  1,000. 

Minehead,  a  seaport  &  market  town 

of  England,  co.  Somer.set. II.  a  prom. 

of  Ireland,  Munster,  on  the  Atlantic. 

Mined,  a  town  of  Sicily,  26  m.  S.W. 
Catania.     P.  8,100. 

Mineral  Point,  p-v.,  cap.  Iowa  co. 
Wis.     P.  1,000. 

Minehbb,  two  towns  of  N.  Italy. 1. 

Austrian  Italy,  2U  m.  S.E.  Verona,  with 

3,000  inhabitants. II.  Pontif.  states, 

11  m.  N.E.  Bologna,  with  2,800  inhabs. 

MrNEESvii.LE,  p-b.,  Schuylkill  co.  Pa. 
P.  700. 

Minerva,  p-t.,  Essex  co.  N.  T.   P.  586. 

Minervino,  a  town  of  Naples,  15  m. 
S.W.  Andria.     P.  7,200. 

Minewithen,  one  of  the.  Scilly  Is- 
lands. 


MiNGALA,  an  isl.  of  the  Hebrides,  rfear 
their  S.  extremity,  about  2  m.  S.S.W. 
Pabba.     L.  3  m. 

MiNGAN  Islands,  a  group,  British  N. 
America,  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

MiNGOLSHEiM,  a  vill.  of  Baden,  20  m. 
S.S.E.  Mannheim.     P.  1,840. 

MiNGRELiA,  a  prov.  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
between  Imeretia  on  the  E.  &  the  Black 
sea  on  the  W.  Area,  2,365  sq.  m.  P. 
61,000. 

MiNHO.  the  most  N.  prov.  of  Portugal, 
Area,  2,044  sq.  m.  P.  406,720.  Surface 
mostly  mountainous.  The  Minho  bounds 
itN. 

Minho,  a  river  of  Spain  &  Portugal, 
rises  in  Galicia,  fl.ows  E.,  S.,  &  W.,  & 
enters  the  Atlantic.     L.  130  m. 

MiNiATO  (San),  a  town  of  Tuscany,  21 
m.  W.S.W.  Florence,  on  the  Arno.  P. 
2,383. — San  Miniatello,  a  market  town, 
near  Florence. 

Mini  EH,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  1.  b.  of 
the  Nile,  136  m.  S.S.W.  Cairo. 

MiNisH,  an  isl.  oflf  the  W.  coast  of  Ire^ 
land,  Connaught,  co.  Galway. 

MiNisiNK,  p-t.,  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
4,972. 

Minnesota,  territ.  of  the  U.  S.,  formed 
by  Act  of  Congress,  passed  March  3d, 
1849,  is  bounded  N.  by  British  Posses- 
sions, E.  by  Wisconsin,  S.  by  Iowa,  &  W. 
by  the  Mo.  &  White  Earth  rivers.  Area, 
166,000  sq.  m.  P.  20,000  whites,  &  25,000 
Indians.     Cap.  St.  Paul. 

Minorca,  an  isl.  of  the  Mediterranean, 
second  largest  of  the  Balearic  isls.,  &  the 
most  E.  belonging  to  Spain.  L.  W.  to  E. 
32  m. ;  av.  br.  8  m.  Area,  about  260  sq. 
m.  P.  44,000.  Coast  greatly  indented, 
&  rocky ;  surface  undulating.  Mount 
Toro  is  4,793  feet  in  height. 

MiNOEi,  a  town  of  Naples,  7  m.  W.S.W. 
Salerno,  near  the  gulf  of  Salerno.  P. 
2,100. 

MiNPOOREE,  a  consid.  town  of  British 
India,  in  the  Doab,  60  m.  E.  Agra. 

MiNSH  ("Stormy  Sea"),  the  broad 
strait  which  separates  the  island  of  Lewis, 
Hebrides,  from  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland. 
Mean  breadth,  35  m.  A  contraction  of 
this  sound,  to  the  S.S.W.,  is  called  the 
Little  Minsk. 

Minsk,  a  gov.  of  Russia,  between  Int. 
51°  12'  &  55°  60'  N.,  &  Ion.  25°  10'  &  30° 
45'  E.  Area,  34,467  sq.  m.  P.  1,046,400. 
Surface  level,  marshy,  &  for  the  most 
part  inundated  in  the' spring.  Principal 
tns.,  Minsk,  Bobruisk,  &  Slutzk.— Minsk, 
the  cap.,  is  154  m.  E.N.E.  Grodno.  P. 
24,000. 

MiNTAO,  an  isl.  of  the  Asiatic  archip., 


'urlldteiHiih^. 


504 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHT. 


[mir 


off  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra.  L.  N.  to  S. 
40  m. ;  br.  14  m. 

MiNTO  Island,  Pacific,  forms  with 
Bedford  &  Melbourne  islands,  a  group 
of  the  Dangerous  archipelago. 

MiNTOw,  a  town  of  the  island  Banca, 
Asiatic  archipelago,  near  its  W.  coast. 

MiNucciANO,  a  small  fortified  town 
of  N.  Italy,  27  m.  N.N.W.  Lucca.  P. 
2,200. 

Mios,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Gironde,  23  m.  S.W.  Bordeaux.   P.  2,174. 

MiosEN,  the  largest  lake  of  Norway. 
L.  55  m. ;  gr.  br.  12  m. 

MiPiBu,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov.  Rio 
Grande,  30  m.  S.S.E.  Natal.     P.  2,000. 

MiQUELON,  two  islands  off  the  S.  coast 
of  Newfoundland. 

MiRA,  a  river  &  town  of  S.  America, 
republic  Ecuador. 

MiRA,  a  town  of  Portugal,  near  the 
Atlantic,  24  m.  N.W.  Coimbra.   P.  6,000. 

II.  a  market  town  of  Austrian  Italy, 

10  m.  W.  Venice.     P.  2,000. III.  a 

town  of  Spain,  40  m.  S.E,  Cuenf  a.  P. 
1,598. 

Mirabel,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn-et-Garonne. — M.  aux  Boron- 
nies  is  a  vill.,  dep.  Drome,  4  m.  S.W. 
Nions.     P.  1,816. 

MiRABELLA,  a  city  of  Naples,   14  m. 

S.W.  Benevento.     P.  5,800. II.  a  vill. 

of  Sicily.     P.  3,000. 

MiEABELLO,  a  market  town  of  Pied- 
mont, 8  m.  S.S.E.  Casale.     P.  2,240. 

II.  a  town  of  Naples,  3  m.  S.  Catnpobasso. 
P.  2,200. 

MiRABOux,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gers,  7  m.  N.E.  Lectoure.    P.  1,750. 

MiRAFLOREs,  a  market  town  of  Spain, 

17  m.  N.N.AV.  Madrid.     P.  1,631. II. 

a  vill.  of  the  Plata  confederation,  South 
America,  100  m.  S.E.  Salta,  on  the  Sa- 
lado. 

MiRAGENiL,  a  market  town  of  Spain, 
60  m.  E.N.E.  Sevilla.     P.  2,388. 

MiRAMBEAU,  a  comm.  &  town.  Finance, 
dep.  Charente  Inf.,  8  m.  S.W.  Jonzac.  P. 
2,414. 

MiRAMicHi,  a  bay  &  river  of  New 
Brunswick,  British  N.  America,  the  bay 
on  its  E.  coast. 

MiRAMONT,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,   dep.  Lot-et-Garonne,   12  m. 

N.E.  Marmande.   P.  1,636. II.  comm. 

&  vill.,  dep.  H.  Garonne.     P.  1,676. 

Miranda,  several  towns  of  Spain  & 

Portugal. 1,  {do  Douro),  Portugal,  on 

the  Douro,  28  m.  S.  E.  Braganza.     P. 

4,840. II.  (del  Ebro),  Spain,  40  m. 

N.E.  Burgos,  on  the  Ebro.  It  has  2,390 
inhabs. III.  {do  Corvo),  Portugal,  12 


m.  S.E.  Coimbra.     P.  3,880. IV.  {de 

Arga),  Spain,  24  m.  S.S.W.  Pamplona. 

P.    1,390. V.  {del   Castanar),  40  m. 

S.S.W.  Salamanca.     P.  1,136. 

Mirande,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gers,  13  m.  S.AV.  Auch.     P.  2,706. 

MiRANDELLA,  a  fortified  town  of  Por- 
tugal, prov.  Tras-os-Montes,  on  the  Tua, 

36  m.  S.W.  Braganza.     P.  1,700. II. 

a  market  town  of  Brazil,  170  m.  N.N.W. 
Bahia. 

MiRANDOL,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn,  16  m.  N.  Albi.     P.  2,059. 

MiRANDOLA,  a  fortified  town  of  N. 
Italy,  18  m.  N.N.E.  Modena.     P.  3,000. 

MiRANO,  a  market  town  of  Austrian 
Italy,  12  m.  N.E.  Padua,  on  the  Musone. 
P.  5,500. 

Mirebalais,  an  old  divis.  of  France. 

II.  {Le),  a  town  of  Ilayti,    80  m. 

N.N.E.  Port-au-Prince. 

Mibebeau,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Vienne,  16  m.  N.N.W.  Poitiers.     P. 

2,445. II.  a  market  town,  dep.  Cote 

d'Or,  13  m.  E.N.E.  Dijon.     P.  1,220. 

Mirecouet,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Vosges,  16  m.  N.W.  Epinal.  P. 
5,208. 

Mirefleur,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Puy-de-DOme,  9  m.  S.E. 
Clermont.     P.  1,324. 

Miremont,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 

dep.  H.  Garonne,   8  m.  S.E.  Muret. 

II.  dep.  Puy-de-Dume,  IB  m.  W.N.W. 
Clermont.     P.  1,588. 

Mirepoix,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ariege,  14  m.  E.S.E.  Pamiers.  P. 
3,363. 

MiRGOROD,  a  town  of  Russia,  46  ra. 
N.W.  Poltava,  on  the  Khorol.     P.  5,900. 

MiRiBEL,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,   dep.  Ain,    12  m.   S  E.  Trevoux. 

P.  1.983. II.  a  vill.,  dep.  Isere.     P. 

2,895. 

MiHiK  (Cape),  a  headld.  of  W.Africa, 
on  the  Atlantic. 

MiRiM,  a  lake  of  S.  Amer.,  in  neutral 
territory,  between  Brazil  &  Uruguay. 
L.  100  m. ;  br.  varies  to  20  m. 

Mirimande,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Drome,  15  m.  S.  Valence, 
with  2,346  inhabs. 

Miriti,  a  town  of  Brazil,  14  m.  N.W. 
Rio-de-Janeiro.     P.  3,000. 

Miropolie,  a  walled  town  of  Russia, 
59  m.  S.W.  Kursk,  on  the  Psiol.  P.  5,000. 

Mihow,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Strc- 
litz.     P.  1,563. 

MiRZANAGUR,  a  town  of  British  India, 
55  m.  N.E.  Calcutta. 

MiRZAPQOR,  a  dist.  of  British  India. 
Area,  1,026  sq.  m.     P.  600,000.    Chief 


mis] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


505 


town,  Mirzapoor,  situated  33  m.  W-S-TV. 
Benares.  It  is  large,  populous,  &  similar 
to  Benares  both  in  appearance  &  position. 

MisANTLA,  a  ruined  city  of  the  Mex- 
ican confederation,  state  Vera  Cruz,  35 
m.  N.E.  Jalapa,  on  an  isolated  plateau. 

MisENE,  a  promontory  of  S.  Italy, 
proT.  &  9  m.  S.W.  Naples. 

MisHKAN,  a  considerable  vill.  of  Persia, 
50  m.  N.W.  Nishapoor. 

MisHKiN,  a  town  of  Russia,  58  m. 
W.N.W.  Jaroslavl,  on  the  Volga.  P. 
1,00». 

MisKOLCz,  a  town  of  Hungary.  24  m. 
N.E.  Erlau.     P.  28.000. 

Misocco,  a  valley  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Grisons,  S.  of  the  Alps,  with  1,200 
inhabitants. 

MissAGLiA,  a  market  town  of  Austrian 
Italy,  14  m.  E.S.E.  Como.     P.  2,100. 

Missaukee,  N.  co.  Mich.  Area,  370 
sq.  m. 

MississftUE,  r.,  Vt.  &  Canada.  L.  76  m. 

Mississinewa,  r.,  la.,  enters  the 
Wabash. 

MissioNEs  (Country  of),  a  region  of 
S.  America,  in  which  the  Jesuit  mis- 
sionaries founded  numerou.s  establish- 
ments of  converted  Indians,  previous  to 
the  suppression  of  their  order  in  1767. 
The  region  now  forms  the  greater  por- 
tion of  Paraguay,  &  parts  of  Brazil  & 
La  Plata. 

Mississippi  (•'  great  waters"),  the 
principal  river  of  N.  Amer.,  upwards  of 
l-7th  part  of  which  is  drained  by  it  &  its 
tributaries,  rises  in  Lake  Itasca,  near 
lat.  47°  10'  N.,  Ion.  95°  34'  W.,  &  at 
about  1.500  feet  above  the  sea.  After  a 
course  mostly  S.-ward,  it  enters  the  gulf 
of  Mexico,  in  the  state  of  Louisiana, 
chiefly  through  an  alluvial  tongue,  which 
stretches  for  a  long  distance  into  the  sea. 
Total  lengtii  estimated  at  3,200  m.  ;  but 
from  the  source  of  the  Missouri,  its  long- 
est &  real  head  stream,  it  is  nearly  4,500 
miles  in  extent.  Its  average  descent 
from  its  source  to  its  mouth,  is  5  inches 
per  mile.  In  the  upper  part  of  its  course, 
it  forms  several  cataracts,  the  principal 
being  the  Big-falls  &  the  Falls  of  St. 
Anthony,  the  latter  near  lat.  45°  N.,  Ion. 
93°  20'  W.  Sailing  ships  seldom  navigate 
it  high  r  than  Natchez,  but  it  is  avail- 
able for  steamboats  of  the  largest  size 
as  high  as  the  influx  of  the  Ohio,  its 
average  breadth  from  the  sea  to  that 
point  being  900  yards,  &  average  depth 
from  90  to  120  feet.  Steamers  of  medium 
size  can  navigate  it  for  600  or  700  miles 
higher,  &  boats  of  40  tons  can  ascend  it 
as  high  as  the  falls  of  St.  Anthony.  No 
22 


tides  enter  the  Mississippi,  but  it  is  sub- 
ject to  annual  inundations. II.  r.  (or 

English  r.),  British  N.  America,  rises  in 
La  Crosse  lake,  &  under  the  name  of 
Churchill  r.,  enters  Hudson  bay.  L. 
630  m. 

Mississippi,  one  of  the  U.  States,  ia 
the  S.W.  part  of  the  Union,  mostly  be- 
tween lat.  30°  12'  &  35°  N.,  &  Ion.  88° 
12'  &  91°  45'  "VV.,  separated  W.  by  the 
Mississippi-  river  from  Arkansas  &  Lou- 
isiana, having  on  other  sides  the  states 
Tennessee,  Alabama,  &  Louisiana,  & 
S.E.-ward  touching  an  inlet  of  the  gulf 
of  Mexico.  Area,  45,760  sq.  m.  P.  in 
1840,  375,651,  of  whom  195,211  were 
slaves  ;  in  1850,  606,555,  of  whom 
300,419  were  slaves.  Surface  in  the  S. 
&  W.,  flat  &  marshy,  whence  it  rises 
into  a  tolerably  elevated  region  in  the 
E.  &  N.  ,  Principal  rivers  the  Yazoo, 
Pascagoula,  &  Pearl.  Principal  products, 
cotton  &  sugar,  in  the  S.,  maize,  indigo, 
melons,  grapes,  &  other  fruits,  tobacco, 
&  timber.  Public  income  (1830)  $334,689. 
State  debt,  $7,271,707.  100  m.  railways 
in  operation,  &  518  m.  in  course  of  con- 
struction. Trincipal  towns,  Columbus, 
Vieksburg,  &  Natches.  Cap.  Jackson. 
The  state  is  divided  into  63  cos.,  &  has  6 

representatives  in  Cong. II.  eo..  Ark., 

N.E.  part  of  the  state.    Area,  1,000  sq.  m. 

Cap.  0,«ceola.     P.  2,368. III.  co.  Mo. 

JP.  3,123. 

Mississippi  City,  p-v.,  cap.  Harrison 
CO.  Miss. 

MissivRi,  a  .seaport  town  of  European 
Turkey,  Eumili,  on  a  peninsula  in  the 
Black  sea,  17  m.  N.E.  Bourgas. 

MissoLONGHi,  a  tov/n  of  Greece.  fSeo 
Meso.] 

Missouri  ("  mtid  river"),  one  of  the 
principal  rivers  of  N.  America,  rises  by 
three  principal  sources  in  the  Rocky 
mountains,  lat.  44°  N.,  Ion.  110°  W.,  & 
flows  tortuously  N.,  B.,  &  S.-ward, 
through  the  centre  of  the  continent,  & 
in  lat.  33°  56'  N.,  Ion.  90°  12  W.,  at 
about  3,100  m.  from  its  origin,  joins  tho 
Mississippi,  the  name  of  which  river  it 
thenceforth  takes  to  the  gulf  of  Mexico. 
About  411  miles  from  its  sources,  it 
forms  a  rapid  6  m.  in  length,  by  passing 
through  the  "  gates  of  the  Rocky  moun- 
tains," a  gorge,  bounded  by  granite  pre- 
cipices, l,20o  feet  in  height;  110  m.  be- 
low this  are  its  great  falls.  Its  waters 
are  turbid,  stream  rapid,  &  it  is  encum- 
bered by  numerous  islands,  but  it  is  nav- 
igable for  2,570  miles  above  its  conflu- 
ence with  the  Mississippi,  or  for  nearly 
4,000  mr.los  from  the  sea. 


ao6 


CrCLOP^DIA    OF    GEOGEAPHT. 


[moa 


MissouBi,  one  of  the  U.  S.,  mostly  be- 
tween lat.  36°  30'  &  40°  36'  N.,  &  Ion. 
89°  13'  &  93°  35'  W.,  having  E.  the  Mis- 
souri river,  separating  it  from  Illinois, 
Kentucky,  &  Tennessee  ,-  S.  Arkansas,  & 
elsewhere,  Iowa  &  the  Missouri  W.  ter- 
ritories. Area,  64,000  sq.  m.  Pop.  in 
1840,  383,702,  of  whom  58,210  were 
slaves ;  in  1850,  682,044,  of  whom  87,- 
422  are  slaves.  Surface  very  much  di- 
versified, mostly  undulating,  &  covered 
with  prairies.  Along  the  banks  of  the 
Osage,  &  N.  the  Missouri  river,  which  in^ 
tersects  the  state  from  W.  to  E.,  there  is 
a  good  deal  of  rich  land.  Vegetable  pro- 
ducts comprise  tobacco,  cotton,  maize, 
wheat,  rye,  oats,  barley,  &  the  soil  &  cli- 
mate adapt  the  country  to  yield  all  the 
products  of  the  S.  states,  except  sugar. 
Large  herds  of  cattle,  hogs,  &  horses  are 
reared,  &  beef,-  pork,  tallow,  hides,  &  live 
stock,  with  lead,  furs,  timber,  &  maize, 
constitute  the  chief  exports.  A  very  rich 
mineral  district  extends  over  about  3,000 
sq.  m.,  around  Potosi,  &  the  lead  pro- 
duced in  1840  amounted  to  upwards  of 
5,295,000  lbs.,  besides  which,  iron,  coal, 
antimony,  zinc,  manganese,  &  cobalt,  are 
obtained.  State  debt  (1850),  $922,261. 
Public  rev.  about  $400,000.  Imports, 
$359,643.  The  state  is  divided  into  106 
COS.,  &  sends  7  representatives  to  Cong. 
249  miles  railw.  in  course  of  construction. 
Constitution  formed  in  1820.  Gov.  & 
lieut.-gov.  &  senators  elected  for  four 
years.  Principal  towns,  St.  Louis,  St. 
Charles,  Jackson,  Winchester,  New  Ma- 
drid, &  Louisiana.  Cap.  Jefferson  city. 
Constituted  a  territory  in  1804,~&  admit- 
ted into   the  Union   in   1821. II.  {., 

Boone  co.  Mo.     P.  3,000. 

Mistaken  Point,  the  S.E.  extremity 
of  Newfoundland,  65  m.  -S.S.W.  St. 
John's. 

MisTEK,  a  town  of  Moravia,  50  m. 
E.N.E.  OlmUtz.     P.  2,610. 

MisTELBACH,  a  town  of  Lower,  Aus- 
tria, on  the  Laya,  27  m.  N.N.E.  Vienna. 
P.  2,468. 

MisTERBiANCo.  a  town  of  Sicily,  4  m. 
N.W.  Catania.    P.  3,000. 

Mlstissinny  (Lake),  Bi-itish  North 
America.  L.  N.E.  to  S.W.  60  m. ;  gr. 
br.,  30  m. 

Mistra,  a  town  of  Greece,  Morea,  30 
m.  S.  Tripolitza.  About  %  m.  N.E.  are 
the  remains  of  ancient  Sparta,  scattered 
for  about  a  mile  over  five  low  hills.  P. 
1,500. 

Misteetta,  a  town  of  Sicily,  67  m. 
W.S.W.  Messina,  on  the  Regitano.  P. 
8,400. 


t-^. 


MiTAu,  or  Mittau,  a  town  of  Russia, 
on  the  Aa,  26  nl.  S.W.  Riga.     P.  28,100. 

Mitchellstown,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ire- 
land, Munster,  co.  &  25  m.  N.N.E.  Cork. 

Mitia,  an  island,  Pacific  ocean. 

MiTLA,  a  vill.  of  the  Mexican  confed., 
state  &  26  m.  E.  Oaxaca. 

Mitre  Island,  Pacific  ocean,  lat.  of 
S.E.  point,  11°55'S.,  Ion.  170°  20' W. 

Mitri,  a  walled  town  of  Beloochistan, 
N.  of  Bhag. 

MiTROwicz,  a  mkt.  town  of  the  Aus- 
trian dominions,  Slavonian  military  fron- 
tier, 24  m.  S.S.W.  Peterwardein.  P. 
5,200. 

MiTTELWALDE,  two  towns  of  Prussian 

Silesia,  reg.  Breslau. 1,  on  the  Neis#e, 

39  m.  S  W.  Neisse.     P.  1,784. II.  23 

m.  E.S.B.  Potsdam.     P.  1,966. 

MiTTERTEICH,  &  MiTTENWALD,  2  mkt. 

towns    of    Bavaria. 1.   prov.    Upper 

Franc.     P.  1,553. ^11.  on  the  Isar,  51' 

m.  S.S.W.  Munich.     P.  1,720. 

MiTTiMEE,  an  oasis  of  Central  Africa, 
20  m.  N.W.  Take  Tchad. 

MiTTUN-KoTE,  a  town  of  the  Punjab, 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Indus.     P.  4,000. 

MiTTWEiDA,  a  town  of  Saxony,  35  m. 
S.E.  Leipzig.     P.  6,237. 

MiTYLENB,  an  isl.  of  the  Grecian  ar- 
chip.,  belonging  to  Turkey,  near  the 
coast  of  Asia-Minor.  Estim.  area,  276 
sq.  m.,  &  p.  40,000.  Shape  irregular, 
two  bays  indent  it  on  the  S.  side,  &  it 
has  good  harbors  &  a  fertile  soil. 

Mixco,  a  vill.  of  Central  America, 
state  &  5  m.  S.W.  Guatemala,  with  4,000 
inhab. 

MixTECAPAN,  a  table-land  of  the 
Mexican  confed.,  between  the  plains  of 
Mexico  &  La  Puebla,  &  the  isthmus  of 
Tehuantepec.     Av.  elev.  5,000  feet. 

MiYANDAB,  a  highly  cultivated  plain 
in  N.  Persia. 

MiYARisiMA,  an  isL  of  Japan,  S.SE. 
of  Nokisima. 

Mizen-Head,  a  cape  of  Ireland,  Mun- 
ster, CO.  Cork. 

Mizque,  a  town  of  S.  America,  Bo- 
livia, 32  m.  S.E.  Oropesa. 

Mlava,    a   riv.   of  Servia,  joins    the 

Danube,  after  a  N.  course  of  50  m. 

II.  a  small  town  of  Poland,  46  m.  N.N.E 
Plock.     P.  1,000. 

•  Moa,  a  cape  &  isl.  of  Cuba,  on  its  N. 
coast,  40  m.  N.W.  Baracoa.  'The  Seirra 
de  Moa  is  a  mntn.  range,  30  m.  W.  Ba- 

racao. II.  an  isl.  of  the  E.   archip. 

L.  20  m. 

Moate,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland,  Lein- 
ster,  CO.  Westmeath,  9  m.  E.S.E.  Ath- 
lone.     P.  2,095. 


mog] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


501 


Mobile,  a  city  &  seaport,  Ala,  cap. 
CO.  at  the  mouth  of  Mobile  riv.  in  Mo- 
bile bay,  120  m.  N.E.  New  Orleans,  next 
to  which  city  it  is  now  the  chief  port  in 
the  Union  for  the-e.xport  of  cotton.  The 
adjacent  marshes  are  partly  drained,  & 
the  town  has  been  well  rebuilt,  since  a 
destructive  fire  in  1839.  Here  are  Bar- 
ton academy,  &  a  United  States  naval 
hospital,  &  about  6  m.  distant  is  Spring- 
hill  Roman  Catholic  college.  Tonnage, 
27,327  01.  P.  20,515.— Jlfo6i/6  bay  is  an 
inlet  of  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  30  m.  long  & 

12  broad.  On  the  bar  at  its  mouth  there 
is  but  11  ft.  of  water. — Mobile  r.,  formed 
by  the  junction  of  the  Ala.  &  Tombigbee 

rs.,  enters  Mobile  bay.     L.  40  m. II. 

S.W.  CO.  Ala.  Area,  2,250  sq.  m.  P. 
27,600. 

Mocha,  an  isl.  of  Chile,  off  the  coast 
of  Araucania.  L.  8  m.  At  its  N.  end  is 
a  peak  1,230  feet  in  height. 

Mocha,  or  Mokha,  a  fortified  seaport 
town,  Arabia,  Yemen,  on  the  Red  sea, 
55  m.  N.N.W.  the  strait  of  Bab-el-Man- 
deb.  P.  7,000. — Mocha  is  a  country 
"S.W.  of  Abyssinia. 

Mockern,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 

13  m.  E.  Magdeburg.     P.  1,550. 
MocoMOco,  a  marit.  town  of  Sumatra, 

on  its  W.  coast. 

Modain,  a  vill.  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  20 
m.  S.E.  Bagdad,  on  the  Tigris. 

MoDBURY,  a  mkt.  town  of  England,  co. 
Devon,  on  the  Erme,  llj  m.  E.S.E.  Ply- 
mouth.    P.  2,048.      ■ 

Modena,  a  fortified  city  of  N.  Italy, 
cap.  duchy,  on  the  .^milian  Way.  P. 
27,430.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  &  has  a 
citadel,  with  streets  bordered  by  ar- 
cades. Princip.  edifices,  the  ducal  pal- 
ace, a  splendid  building',  with  a  picture 
gallery,  fine  gardens,  &  an  extensive 
library,  the  Bibliotica  Estense,  of  which 
Muratori  &  Tiraboschi  were  successively 
librarians,  containing  100,000  vols.,  & 
3,000  MSS.  &  a  cathedral  with  curious 
sculptures  &  a  square  marble  tower. 

MoDENA  (Duchy  of),  a  state  of  Italy, 
bounded  E.  by  the  States  of  the  Church, 
S.  by  the  grand  duchy  of  Tuscany  & 
Lucca,  S.W.  by  the  gulf  of  Genoa,  W 
by  Parma,  &  N.  by  the  Lombardo- Vene- 
tian kingdom.  Area  (including  recent 
acquisitions),  2,317  sq.  m.  P.  580,649. 
Surface  partly  mntnous.,  traversed  by  a 
portion  of  the  Apennines,  highest  point 
Monte  Cimone,  6,976  feet. 

MoDER,  a  riv.  of  France,  dep.  B.  Rhin, 
joins  the  Rhine.     L.  30  m. 

Modern,  a  town  of  W.  Hungary,  co. 
&  16  m.  N.E.  Presburg.    P.  5,010. 


Modica,  a  town  of  Sicily,  30  m.  W.S.W. 
Syracuse,  cap.  co.     P.  20,000. 

MoDiGLiANA,  a  town  of  Tuscany,  40 
m.  N.E.  Florence.     P.  2,335. 

MoDLiN,  a  fortress  of  Poland,  16  m. 
N.W.  Warsaw. 

Mod  LING,  a  mkt.  town  of  Lower  Aus- 
tria, 8  m.  S.S.W.  Vienna.     P.  3,500. 

MoDON,  a  fortified  maritime  town  of 
Greece,  Morea,  6  m.  S.  Navarino. 

MoDUGNO,  a  town  of  Naples,  6  m. 
S.W.  Bari.     P.  5,000. 

MoDURLi,  a  vill.  of  Asia-Minor,  Ana- 
tolia, &  24  m.  S.W.  Boli. 

MoEN,  an  isl.  of  Denmark,  in  the  Bal- 
tic, separated  N.W.  from  Zeeland  by  the 
Ulfsound.     Area,  87  sq.  m.     P.  13,206. 

II.  an  isl.  of  Russia,  between  the  isl. 

Oesel  &  the  mainland,  about  40  m.  in  1. 
&  br. 

MoERBEKE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Bel- 
gium, 14  m.  N.E.  Ghent.     P.  3,582. 

MOERDYK,  &    MOERGESTEL,    twO   vills. 

of  the  Netherlands,  prov.  N.  Brabant. 

McERis  (Lake),  a  lake  of  Central 
Egypt.     L.  30  m. ;   gr.  br.  6  m. 

MoERZEKE,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  on  tho 
Scheldt.     P.  3,036. 

Moffat,  a  town  &  watering-place  of 
Scotland,  co.  Dumfries,  19  m.  N.N.E. 
Dumfries.  —  The  Moffat-hills  form  a 
mntn.  chain  between  the  cos.  Dumfries 
&  Lanark  &  Peebles,  elev.  of  Hartfell 
2,685  feet. 

Mogadore,  a  fortified  city  &  the  prin- 
cip. seaport  of  Morocco,  on  the  Atlantic, 
125  m.  W.S.W.  Morocco.  P.  17,000.  It 
stands  on  a  rocky  promontory,  surround- 
ed by  a  barren  &  sandy  region,  &  con- 
sists of  two  parts,  each  enclosed  by  walls. 
It  is  pretty  well  built,  &  its  white  edi- 
fices render  it  handsome  as  seen  from  the 
sea,  where  it  is  defended  by  several 
strong  batteries. 

Moggio-di-Sotto,  market  town  of 
Austrian  Italy,  24  m.  N.  Udine. 

MoGHiLEV,  a  gov.  of  Russia,  mostly 
between  lat.  52°  &  55°  15'  N.,  &  Ion.  28° 
35'  &  32°  35'  E.  Area,  18,785  sq.  m.  P. 
931,300.  Surface  mostly  a  wide  plain. 
Principal  rivs.,  the  Dnieper,  with  its  trib- 
utaries.— Moghilev  the  cap.,  is  a  walled 
town,  on  the  Dnie'ier,  85  m.  S.AV.  Smo- 
lensk.      P.   241,000. II.   a  town    of 

Russian  Poland,  on  the  Dniester,  53  m. 
E.S.E.  Kamenetz.     P.  7,300. 

Mogi-das-Croces,  a  pop.  &  industri- 
ous town  of  Brazil,- 40  m.  E.N.E.  San 
Paulo.  P.  of  dist.  9,000.— Mogi-Mirin 
is  a  town  same  prov. 

Moguer,  a  town  of  Spain,  5  m.  E. 
Huelva.     P.  6,592. 


#» 


50S 


CYCLOiP^DIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[mol 


Mogul  Empire  (The),  under  Baber, 
&c.,  existed  in  Hindostan. 

MoHAcs,  a  town  of  S.  Hungary,  on  the 
"W.  arm  of  the  Danube,  25  m.  E.S.E. 
Fiinfkirchen.     P.  10,050. 

MoHALiTSH,  a  town,  Asia- Minor. 

MoHAMMEDABAD,  numerous  vills.  of 
Asia,  3  beinj;  in  E.  Persia,  prov.  Khoras- 

san. 1.  12  m.  S.  Turbat. II.  40  m. 

S.  Kakh,  with  a  pop.  of  250  families. 

III.  a  fortified  vill.  a  little  S.  of  Tabas. 

MoHAMMEHAH,  a  town  on  the  frontier 
of  Asiatic  Turkey  &  Persia. 

Mohawk,  a  river.  New  York,  joins  the 
Hudson  at  Waterford,  after  a  S.  &  E. 
course  of  135    m.,  during  which  it  has 

several  falls. II.  p-r.,    Herkimer  co. 

N.  Y.,  79  m.  from  Albany.     P.  800. 

III.  t.,  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y.     P.  3,091. 

MoHiLEV,  a  gov.  &  town,  Russia. 

MoHiLL,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Connaught  &  Leinster.     P.  l,62g. 

MoHiLLA,  island.    [Comoro  Islands.] 

MoHiM,  a  large,  but  ruinous  town  of 
Brit.  India,  62  m.  W.N.W.  Delhi. 

MoHON,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan,  29  m.  N.N.E.  Vannes. 
P.  3,0G2. 

MoHRiNGEN,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the 
Danube,  29  m.  N.W.  Constance.  P.  1,200. 

II.  a  vill.  of  Wiirtemberg,  7  m.  N. 

Engen.     P.  2,146. 

MoHRUNGEN,  a  towD  of  B.  Prussia,  62 
m.  S.S.W.  Konigsberg.     P.  2,800. 

MoHUNGUR  &  MohuNpoor,  2  towns  of 
Hindostan,  Gwalior  dom. 

MoiDART,  a  wild  &  rugged  dist.  in  the 
S.W.  of  CO.  Inverness,  Scotl. 

MoiLAH,  a  seaport  town  of  Arabia  Pe- 
traea,  on  the  Red  sea,  near  the  gulf  of 
Akabah. — Moileh  is  a  valley  of  Egypt. 

MoiRA,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
1,340. 

MoiRANs,   two   comms.    &    towns   of 

France. -I.  dep.  Is^re,  on  the   Morge, 

16  m.  N.E.  St.  Marcellin.     P.  2,756. 

II.  dep.  Jura,  8  m.  N.W.  St.  Claude. 

MoisDON,  a  eomm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Loire  Inf.,  7  m.  S.  Chateau- 
briant.     P.  2,308. 

MoisLAiNs,  acomm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Somme,  5  N.E.  --Peronne. 
P.  801. 

MoissAc,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn-et- Garonne,  14  m.  W.N.W. 
Montauban.     P.  6,163. 

MojAcAR,  a  city  of  Spain,  39  m.  E.N.E. 
Almeria.     P.  3,272. 

MojAisK,  a  town  of  Russia,  63  m. 
W.S.W.  Moscow.  P.  4,000.  Near  it,  on 
7th  Sept.,  1812,  the  celebrated  battle  of 
Borodino  was  fought. 


MojENTE,  a  town  of  Spain,  14  m. 
W.S.W.  San  Felipe.     P.  3.170. 

MoJGuEH,  a  town  of  N.W.  Hindostan, 
40  m.  S.E.  Bhawlpoor. 

MoKA,  a  town  of  Arabia.     [Mocha.] 

MoKRiN,  a  vill.  of  S.  Hungary,  Banat, 
42  m.  W.N.W.  Temesvar.     P.  5,264. 

MoKSHA,  a  river  of  Prussia,  joins  the 
Oka.  L.  230' -m.— The  town  of  Muk- 
shansk  is  on  its  banks,  25  m.  IT.N.W.  Pen- 
za.    P.  2,000. 

MoLA,  a  seaport  town  of  Naples, .13  m. 

S.E.  Bari,  on  the  Adriatic.  P.  8,400. 

II.  M.  di  Gaeta,  a  town,  3^  m.  N.E. 
Gaeta.     P.  1,800. 

Mold,  a  market  town,  N.  Wales,  cap. 
CO.  &  6^^-  ra.  S.  Flint. 

MoLDAu,  a  river  of  Bohemia,  tributary 

to  the  Elbe.     L.  200  m. II.  a  town 

of  Hungary,  in  the  Banat.     P.  2,670. 

Moldau-Tein,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  17 
miles  N.  Budweis,  on  the  Mold.au.  P. 
3,351. 

Moldava,  a  river  of  Austrian  Poland 
&  Moldavia.     L.  110  m. 

Moldavia,  a  prov.  of  European  Tur- 
key, in  the  N.E.,  bounded  E.  &  N.  by  the 
Pruth,  which  separates  it  from  Russia, 
S.  by  Wallachia  &  the  Danube,  which 
separates  it  from  Bulgaria  ;  &  W .  by  the 
Austrian  empire.  Area,  17,020  sq.  m. 
P.  1.000.000,  comprising  80,000  Roman 
Catholics,  100,000  Gypsies,  70,000  J<yws, 
&  900  Protestants.  The  prince,  or  hoa- 
podar,  is  nominated  for  life,  by  the  sultan 
&  the  emperor  of  Russia  conjointlj'. 

MoLDE,  a  seaport  town  of  Norway,  on 
the  bay  of  Molde,  32  m.  S.W.  Christian- 
sund,  with  1,000  inhabs. 

Moldova,  a  vill.  of  Hungary,  Banat, 

15  m.  S.E.  Weisskirchen.    P.  1,575. 
Mole,    a  river  of  England,  joins  the 

Thames. 

Mole.  (Le),  a  seaport  town  of  Hayti, 
at  its  N.W.. extremity,  &  with  the  best 
harbor  in  the  -island. 

MoLPETTA,  a  seaport  town  of  KaplfiB, 

16  m.  W.N."W.  Bari,  on  the  Adriatic.  P. 
15.200. 

MoLiaRES,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn-et-Garonne,  11  m.  N.  Montau- 
ban.    P.  2;570. 

MoLiN,  a  town  of  Denmark,  19  m. 
N.N.E.  Lauenburg.     P.  2,750. 

Molina,  two  towns  of  Spain. 1.  8 

m.  N.W.  Murcia.     P.  3,957. II.  72  m. 

E.N.E.  Guadalaxara.     P.  3,453. 

MoLiNARA,  a  town  of  Naples,  14  m. 
N.E.  Benevento.     P.  2,100. 

MoLisE,  a  prov.  of  Naples,  having  N. 
the  Adriatic  sea.  Area,  1,785  sq.  m.  P. 
353,083. 


mon] 


DNXVKRSAL    GAZKTTEEK. 


509 


MoLiTERNO,  a  town  of  Naples,  10  m. 
N.N.E.  Lagonegro.     P.  5,000. 

Monvo,  a  seaport  vill.  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island  Mity- 
lene. 

MoLK,  a  town  of  Austria.     [Melk.] 

MoLKWERUM,  a  small  maritime  town 
of  the  Netherlands,  2  miles  N.E.  Sta- 
voren.  x 

Moll,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  31  m.  E. 
Antwerp.     P.  4,770. 

Mollis,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  4  m.  N. 
Glarus.     P.  2,400. 

Molln,  a  town  of  Denmark.  [Molin.] 

MoLODETCHNO,  a  market  town  of  Rus- 
sian Poland,  37  m.  N.W.  Minsk. 

MoLOGA,  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the 
Volga.     L.  250  m. 

MoLOGA,  a  town  of  Russia,  68  miles 
W.N.W.  Jaroslavl.    P.  2,109. 

MoLSHEiM,  acomm.  &  town  of  France, 
dop.  B.  Rhin,  cap.  cant.,  12  m.  W.S.W. 
Strasbourg.     P.  3,360. 

MoLSKOi,  one  of  the  Sandwich  isls.. 
Pacific  ocean.  Area.  190  sq.  m.  P.  6,000. 

Molucca,  or  Spice  Islands,  a  name 
applied  to  the  isls.  of  the  Asiatic  archi- 
pelago, between  Celebes  &  Papua,  com- 
prising Gilolo,  Coram,  Booro,  Amboyna, 
the  Banda  isls.,  Batchian,  Oby,  &  Way- 
giou. — The  Molucca  Passage  lies  betw. 
Gilolo  &  the  N.  peninsula  of  the  Celebes. 
Near  its  centre  are  the  isls.  Meyon  & 
Tyfore. 

MoMBARuzzo,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  14 
m.  S.W.  Alessandria.    P.  2,254. 

MoMBAZ,  a  seaport  town  of  E.  Africa, 
Zanguebar  coast,  belonging  to  the  imam 
of  Muscat,  on  an  isl.  immediately  off  the 
shore. 

MoMBELLO,  &  MOMBERCELLI,  twO  vills. 

of  Piedmont. — ^-I.  in  prov.  Alessandria, 
13  m.  E.N.E.  Turin,  with  2,361  inhabs. 

II.  prov.  &  7  m.   E.S.E.  Asti.      P. 

2,440. 

MoMPOx,  a  city  of  S.  America.,  New 
Granada,  on  the  Magdalena.     P.  10,000. 

MoNA,  a  small  isl.  of  the  W.  Indies,  in 
the  Mona  Passage,  a  strait  80  m.  across, 
which  separates  Hayti  from  Porto  Rico. 

Monaco,  a  small  principality  of  N. 
Italy,  under  the  protection  of  Sardinia, 
Area,  53  sq.  m.  P.  6,800. — Monaco  the 
cap.  is  sit.  on  a  rocky  promontory,  in  the 
Mediterranean,  8  m.  E.N.E.  Nice.  P. 
1,200. 

MoNADNOE,  mountain,  N.  H.,  3,254 
feet  high. 

MoNAGHAN,  an  inland  co.  of  Ireland, 
Ulster,  having  N.  Tyrone.  Arcn,  511 
sq.  m.  P.  143,410.  Surface  hilly,  inter- 
spericu  with  many  bogs  &  small  lakes. 


— Monaghan,  a  market  town,  cap.  of  co. 
Dublin.     P.  4,130. 

MoNASTEREvEN,  a  market  town  of 
Ireland,  Leinster,  co.  &  6  miles  W.S.W. 
Kildare.     P.  1,097. 

MoNASTERio,  a  town  of  Spain,  55  m. 
S.E.  Badajoz.     P.  2,804. 

MoNASTiER,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Loire,  9  miles  S.S.E.  Le 
Puy.     P.  2,070. 

MoNASTiR,  a  seaport  town  of  N.Africa, 
80  m.  S.E.  Tunis,  on  the  gulf  of  Sidra.   P. 

12,000. II.  {or  Bitolia^),  a  t.  of  Europ. 

Turkey,  near  the  Albanian  frontier,  30  m. 
S.E.  Ochrida,  &  the  principal  entrepot  for 
goods  passing  between  E.  &  W.  Turkey. 
P.  15,000.(7) 

MoNASTYRCHTCHiNA,  a  market  town 
of  Russia,  60  m.  E.N.E.  Moghilev.  P. 
3,000. 

MoNcADA,  a  town  of  Spain,  7  m.  N. 
Valencia.     P.  2,720. 

MoNcALiEEi,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  <fc 
4_m.  S.  Turin,  on  the  Po.     P.  8,602. 

MoNCALVo.  a  town  of  Piedmont,  22 
m.  W.N.W.  Alessandria.     P.  3,686. 

MoNCAO,  a  fortified  town  of  Portugal, 
28  m.  N.  Braga.     P.  1,200. 

MoNcARAs,  a  town  of  Portugal,  on  the 
Guadiana,  28  m.  S.W.  Elvas.     P.  1,500. 

MoNCEAUX,  acomm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Correze,  14  m.  S.S.E.  Tulle.  P.1,780. 

MoNCH,  one  of  the  loftiest  Alpine 
heights  in  Switzerland,  3  m.  N.E.  tha 
Jungfrau.     Height,  13,044  ft. 

MoNCHiQUE,  a  town  of  Portugal,  13 
m.  N.E.  Lagos.     P.  2,760. 

MoNCHiQUE  (Serra  de),  a  mountain 
chain  of  Portugal,  La  Foya,  its  culmina- 
ting point  is  4,079  feet  in  elev. 

MoNCHOBo,  a  town  of  Burmah,  its  cap., 
on  the  W.  bank  of  a  considerable  lake,  27 
m.  N.  Ava. 

MoNcLAR,  two  comms.&  small  towns  of 

France. -I.  dep.  Tarn-et-Garonne,  12 

m.  E.S.E-.  Montauban.     P.  2,187. II. 

dep.  Lot-et-Garonne,  9  ra.  N.W.  Ville- 
neuve.     P.  2,154. 

MiNCONTOUR,  two  comms.  &  towns  of 
France. — —I.  dep.  Cotes  du  Nord,  12  m. 

S.S.E.  St.  Brieuc.     P.  1,700. II.  dep. 

Vienne,  9  m.  SS.W.  Loudun. 

MoNCOUTANT,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Deux-Sevres,  16  m.  N.W- 
Pavthenay.     P.  1,690. 

MoNCRABEAu,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Lot-et-Garonne,  7  m.  S.  Ne- 
rao.     P.  1,144. 

MoNCRivELT-O  A  MoNCUCco,  2  comms. 

&,  villd.  ot   Piedmont. 1.   22  miles  W. 

Vercelli.     P.  2,244. II.  18  m.N.N.W. 

A.sti.     P.  1,611. 


610 


CYCLOPEDIA    OP    GEOGRAPHY. 


[mo» 


MoNDA,  a  town  of  Spain,  28  miles  W. 
Malaga.    P.  SjSOO. 

MoNDEGO,  a  navigable  river  of  Portu- 
gal. L.  130  m. — ^11.  a  navigable  river 
of  Brazil  separates  in  part  Brazil  &  Par- 
aguay, &  joins  the  Paraguay  on  1.  L. 
180  m. 

MoNDEJAH,  a  town  of  Spain,  31  m.  E 
Madrid.     P.  2,670. 

MoNDOLEH,  a  small  island  in  the  bay 
of  Amboises,  W.  Africa. 

MoNDOLFO,  a  town  of  Central  Italy, 
Pontif  sta.,  15  m.  S.E.  Pesaro.  P. 
2,G0O. 

MoNDONEDO,  a  town  of  Spain,  30  m. 
N.N.E.  Lugo.    P.  6,194. 

MoNDOUBLEAu,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Loir-et-Cher,  14  m.  N.N.W. 
VendOme.     P.  1,671. 

MoNDOvi,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  14  m. 
E.S.E.  Coni,  cap.  prov.,  near  the  Ellero. 
P.  15,921.  It  is  divided  into  4  parts,  the 
Piazza,  on  a  hill,  enclosed  by  walls,  & 
having  a  citadel,  &  the  suburbs  at  its 
foot,  Carassone,  Breo,  &  Piano  del  Valle. 
Here,  on  22d  April,  1796,  the  French  un- 
der Napoleon  totally  defeated  the  Sardin- 
ian troops  under  Colli.  Mondovi  was 
also  sacked  by  Soult  in  1799. 

MoNDRAGON,  a  town  of  Spain,  33  m. 

S.W.  S.in  Sebastian.     P.  2,500. II.  a 

town  of  France,  dep.  Vaucluse.   P.  2,320. 

MoNDRAGONE,  a  town  of  Naples,  17 
m.  S.E.  Gaeta.     P.  2,150. 

MoNEAH,  a  town  of  British  India,  21 
m.  W.  Patna. 

MoNEGAN,  t..  Rives  CO.  Mo.    P.  1,105. 

MoNEiN,  a  comm  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Pyrenees,  11  m.  W.  Pau.  P. 
1,276. 

MoNEMvAsiA,  a  marit.  town  of  Greece, 
on'  the  .i^gean  sea,  20  m.  N.N.W.  C. 
Male  a. 

MoNESTiEE,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  H.  Alpe?,  8  miles  N.W. 
BriaD9on.     P.  2,797. 

MoNESTiES,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn,  10  m.  N.N.AV.  Albs.  P.  1,500. 

MONFALCONE,  a  fortif  town  of  Illyria, 

16  m.  N.W.  Triest.     P.  1,360. 
MoNFiA,  an  island  off  the  E.  coast  of 

Africa,  Muscat  dom.,  75  miles  N.N.E. 
Quiloa. 

MoNFLANciuiN,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Lot-et- Garonne.     P.  5,075. 

MoNFORTE,  two  towns  of  Spain. 1. 

17  m.  W.  Alicante.     P.  3,188. II.  (de 

Lemiis),  25  m.  S.  Lugo.     P.  5, 180. 

MoNGHiR,  a  fortified  &  manufacturmg 
town  of  British  India,  presid.  Bengal,  on 
the  S.  bank  of  the  Ganges,  80  m.  E.  Patna. 
P.  30,000. 


MoNGiBELLo,  a  name  of  Mount  Etna. 

[Etna.] 

MoNGO,  a  mountain  range,  W.  Africa, 
opposite  Fernando  Po. 

Mongolia,  a  wide  region  of  Asia,  com- 
prised in  the  Chinese  empire,  having  E. 
Manehooria,  S.  &  S.W.  China  &  Chinese 
Turkestan,  &  N.  the  Khing-gan,  &  other 
mountain  chains.  Estim.  area.  1,400.000 
sq.  m.  P.  2,000,000.  It  is  mostly  a  vast 
desert,  its  centre  part  forming  the  E.  half 
of  the  Gobi. 

MoNGRANDE,  a  town  &  comm.  of  Pied- 
mont, 7  m.  E.N.E.  Ivrea.     P.  3,724. 

MoNHEGAN,  isl ,  Lincoln  co.  Me.    P.  77. 

MoNHEiM,  t^o  small  towns,  Germany. 

1.  Bavaria,  35  m.  S.S.E.  Anspach. 

P.  1,417. II.  Ehenish  Prussia,  10  m. 

S.S.E.  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Rhine.   P.  1,312. 

Moniteau,  p-t.,  Cole  co.  Mo.  P.  1,482. 
II.  CO.,  Mo.     P.  6,004. 

MoNJPOOR,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan,  24 
m.  S.E.  Rahdunpoor. 

MoNKTON,  t..  Addison  co.  Vt.   P.  1,310. 

MoNLEON,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Pyrenees,  23  m.  N.E.  Bagneres. 
P.  1,327. 

MoNMORE,  the  largest  bog  in  the  co. 
Clare,  Ireland,  Munster. 

Monmouth.  E.  CO.  N.  J.  Area,  1,030  sq. 

m.    Cap.  Freehold.    P.  30,313. II.  t., 

Kennebec  co.  Me.   P.  1,882. III.  p-v., 

cap.  Warren  co.  111. IV.  a  mkt.  town 

of  England,  cap.  co.,  at  the  confl.  of  tho 
navigable  Wye  &'  Ihe  Monnow,  21  m. 
W.S.W.  Gloucester. 

Monmouthshire,  a  marit.  co.  of  Eng- 
land, having  S.  the  Bristol  channel.  Area, 
446  sq.  m.  No  English  co.  is  more  cele- 
brated for  beautiful  scenery,  or  for  the 
number  of  its  British  &  Roman  mediaeval 
remains. 

Monnaie,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Indre-et- Loire,  8  m.  N.N.E. 
Tours.     P.  1,550. 

Monnikendam,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, with  a  harbor  on  the  Zuvder-Zee, 
8  m.  N.E.  Amsterdam.     P.  2,471. 

MoNNOW,  a  river  of  England,  joins 
the  Wye. 

MoNOHAN,  t.,  York  co.  Pa.     P.  770. 

MoNOMOTAPA,  a  region  of  E.  Africa, 
stated  to  be  between  lat.  15°  &  19°  S.,  & 
Ion   30°  &  35°  E. 

MoNONGAHELA,  a  river  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, after  a  N.  course  of  300  m.,  unites 
with  the  Alleghany  at  Pittsbilrg  to  form 
the  Ohio.  It  is  navigable  for  large  boats 
to  60  m.  from  its  mouth,  &  for  small  craft 

for  200  m. II.  t.,  Greene  co.  Pa.     P. 

1,178. — Monongalia  is  a  co.  N.W.  of  Vir- 
ginia.    Area,  550  sq.  m.     P.  12,387. 


^s 


mon] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


511 


MoNOPOLi,  a  seaport  town  of  Naples, 
28  m.  E.S.E.  Bari,  on  the  Adriatic.  P. 
14,000. 

MoNOVAB,  a  town  of  Spain,  28  m.  N.W. 
Alicante,  on  the  Elda.     P.  7,590. 

MoNPAziER,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Dordogne,  24  m.  E.S.E.  Bergerac. 
P.  L061. 

MoNPEyROUX-DE-BosQUET,  a  comm.  & 
vill.  of  France,  dep.  Aveyron,  8  m.  Espa- 
lion.     P.  1,550. 

MoNPONT,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Dordogne.  on  the  Isle,  19  m.  S.S.W. 
Riberae.     P.  1,328. 

MoNEEALE,  a  city  of  Sicily,  4  m.  S.W. 
Palermo.     P.  13,000. 

Monroe,  N.W.  co.  N.  Y.     Area,  607 

sq.  m.     Cap.  Rochester.     P.  87,650. 

II.  E.  CO.  Pa.     Area,  750  sq.  m.     Cap. 

Stroudsburg.     P.  13,270. III.  co.  W. 

Va.    Area,  750  sq.  m.   P.  10,304. IV. 

a  central  co.  Ga.     Area,  370  sq.  m.     P. 

16,985.     Cap.  Forsyth. V.  S.  co.  Fla. 

Cap.  Key  West.     P.  2,643.- VI.  S.  co. 

Ala.   Area,  980  sq.  m.   Cap.  Monroeville. 

P.  12,013. VII.  N.E.  CO.  Miss.    Area, 

650  sq.  m.    Cap.  Athens.    P.  21,172. 

VIII.  S.E.  CO.  Tenn.     Area,  750  sq.  m. 

P.  10,874.     Cap.  Madisonville. IX.  S. 

CO.  Ky.     Area,  280  sq.  m.     Cap.  Tomp- 

kinsville.     P.  7,756.- X.  S.E.  co.  Ohio. 

Area,  520  sq.  m.     Cap.  Woodfield.      P. 

28.351. XI.  S.E.  CO.  Mich.     Area,  540 

sq.  m.    Cap.  Monroe.   P.  14,698. XII. 

N.E.  CO.  la.     Area,   390  sq.   m.     Cap. 

Andersontown.  P.  11,286. XIII.  S.W. 

CO.  111.   Area,  360  sq.  m.   Cap.  Waterloo. 

P.  7,679. XIV.  N.E.  co.  Me.     Area, 

744  sq.  m.     Cap.  Paris.     P.  10,541. 

XV.  E.  CO.  Ark.    Area,  1,150  sq.  m.    Cap. 

Laurenceville.      P.    1,654. XVI.    co. 

Iowa.     P.  2,884. XVII.  t.,  Waldo  co. 

Me.   P.  1,602. XVIII.  t.,  Washington 

CO.  Vt. XIX.  t.,  Fairfield  co.  Conn.    P. 

1,351. XX.  p-t,  Orange  co.  N.  Y.     P. 

3,914. XXI.  t.,  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.  P. 

2,453. XXII.  t.,  Bradford  co.  Pa. 

XXIII.  t.,  CumberV d  CO.  Pa.  P.  1,570. 

XXrV.  t.,  Armstrong  co.     Pa. XXV. 

p-v.,  cap.  Walton  co.  Ga XXVI.  p-v., 

cap.  Washita  pa.  La.   P.  500. XXVII. 

p-v.,  cap.  Overton  co.  Tenn. XXVIII. 

t.,  Ashtabula  co.  0.     P.  1,323. XXIX. 

t,  Carroll  co.  Ohio.     P.  1,060. XXX. 

Clermont  co.  0.    P.  1,628. XXXI.  t., 

Harrison  co.  0.     P.  1,039.— XXXII.  t, 

Knox  CO.  0.     P.   1,249. XXXIII.  t., 

Licliing  CO.  0.     P.  1,156. XXXIV.  t., 

Logan  CO.  0.      P.  1,203. XXXV.  t., 

Miami  CO.  0.     P.  1,404. XXXVI.  t., 

'  Preble  co.  0.    P.  1,176. XXXVII.  t., 

Peckawayco.O.  P.  1,346. XXXVIII. 


t.,  Putnam  co.  la.    P.  1,341. XXXIX. 

t.j^  Washington  co.  la.     P.  1,537. XL. 

t.,  Richland  co.  0.     P.  1,624 XLI.  t., 

city  &  cap.  Monroe  co.  Mich.,  on  the 
river  Raisin.  2J  miles  from  its  mouth.  P. 
2,813. XLII.  p-v..  cap.  Greene  co.  Wis. 

Monroeville,  p-v.,  cap.  Monroe  co. 
Alabama. 

MoNROiG,  a  town  of  Spain,  13  m.  W. 
Tarragona.     P.  3,092. 

Monrovia,  t.,  W.  Africa.      [Liberia.] 

MoNS,  a  fortified  town  of  Belgium,  on 
the  Trouille,  at  the  head  of  the  canal  to 

Conde. II.  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Var, 

19  m.  N.E.  Draguignan. 

Monsanto,  a  fortified  town  of  Por- 
tugal, 43  m.  S.E.  Guarda.  P.  1,360.— 
Moncaras  is  a  town,  25  m.  E.S.E.  Evora. 
P.  1,395. 

Monsegur,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gironde,  7  m.  N.E.  La  Reole.  P. 
1,344. 

MoNSELicE,  a  walled  town  of  Austrian 
Italy,  13  m.  S.W.  Padua.     P.  5,400. 

MoNSERRAT,  a  famous  monastery  of 
Spain,  19  m.  N.W.  Barcelona,  on  an  iso- 
lated mountain,  3,300  feet  in  height. 

MoNsoL,  a  comm.  &  vill.,  France,  dep. 
RhOne,  18  m.  N.W.  Villefranche.  P.  1,238. 

MoNsON,  town,  Hampden  co.  Mass. 
P.  2,151. 

MoNTA,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont.     P.  2,850. 

MoNTABAUR,  a  town  of  W.  Germany, 
8  m.  N.Nassau.     P.  2,727. 

MoNTAGNAc,  a  comm.  &  town  of  S. 
France,  dep.  Herault,  cap.  cant.,  21  m. 
W.S.W.  Montpellier.     P.  3,441. 

MoNTAGNANA,  a  town  of  Austrian 
Italv,  23  m.S.W.  Padua,  on  the  Frassina. 
P.  8,200. 

Montague  Islands,  sevl.  islands  in 

the  Pacific  ocean. 1,  off  E.  Australia. 

II.  Russian  America,  Prince  William 

sound.     L.  50  m.,  br.  8  m. III.  New 

Hebrides,  N.  of  Sandwich  island.  The 
Montague  &  Bristol  islands  are  in  the 
Antarctic  ocean. — Montague    sound    is 

N.W.  Australia. IV.  t..   Franklin  co. 

Mass.    P.  1,255. V.  t.,  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 

P.  1,026. 

Montaigu,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  3  m.  W. 

Diest.     P.  2,600. II.  a  comm.  &  town 

of  France,  dep.  Vendee,  20  m.  N.N.E. 
Napoleon  Vendee.     P.  1,330. 

Montaigut,  two  comms.  &  small  towns 

of  France. 1,  dep.  Tarn-et-Garonne, 

16  nr.  N.  Moissac.     P.  4,073. II.  dep. 

Puv-de-DCime,  24  m.  N.W.  Riom.  P. 
1,620. 

Montalban,  a  town  of  Spain,  18  m.  S. 

Cordova.     P.  2,794. II.  a  mkt.  town, 

32  m.  N.N.E.  Teruel.     P.  2,902. 


612 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGKAFHY. 


[mon 


MoNTALEANO,  a  town  of  Naples,  26  m. 
S.S.W.  Matera.     P.  2,800. 

MoNTALBODO,  a  vill.  of  Central  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta.,  19  m.  W.  Ancona.     P.  4,000. 

MoNTALCiNO,  a  town  of  Tuscany,  20 
m.  S.S.B.  Siena.  ^  P.  3,819. 

MoNTALEGRE,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  tbe 
Amazon,  100  m.  W.  Almeirim.    P.  4,000. 

II.  a  mkt.  town  of  Portugal,  15  m. 

W.S.W.  Chaves. 

MoNTALTO,  two  towns  of  Italy. 1. 

Pontif.  sta.,  10  m.  N.N.E.  Ascoli.  P. 
1,470 II.  Naples,  11  m.  N.W.  Co- 
sen  zia. 

MoNTALVAO,  a  smalltown  of  Portugal, 
27  m.  N.N.W.  Portalegre. 

MoNTANARO,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  15 
m.  N.N.E.  TuriQ.     P.  4,400. 

MoNTANCHEs,  a  town  of  Spain,  18  m. 
S.  Caceres.     P.  4,800. 

MoNTARGis,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Loiret,  on  the  Loing,  38  m. 
E.  Orleans.    P.  7,272. 

MoNT-AsTRuc,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Garonne,  10  m.  N.E. 
Toulouse.  P.  1,200. — Montataire  is  a 
comm.  &  vill.,  dej).  Oise.     P.  2,226. 

MoNTAUBAN,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  cap.  dep.  Tam-et-Garonne,  on 
tbe  Tarn,  110  m.  S.E.  Bordeaux.  P. 
16,236. 

MoNTAUD,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Loire.     P.  2,863. 

MoNTAUDiN,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  &  17  m.  W.N.W.  Mayenna. 
P.  1,484. 

MoNTAUK  Point,  a  headland,  New 
York,  forming  ttra  E.  extremity  of  Long 
Island,  in  the  Atlantic.  On  it  is  a  stone 
light-house,  in  lat.  41°  4'  N.,  Ion.  72°  ^V. 

MoNTAzzoLi,  a  small  town  of  Naples, 
17  m.S.W.Vasto.     P.  2,100. 

MoNTBARD,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Cote  d'Or,  9  m.  N.  Semur. 
P.  2,075. 

MoNTBAzoN,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Indre-et-Loire,  8  m.  S. 
Tours.    P.  1,180. 

MoNTBEHARD,  a  coram.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Doubs,  40  m.  E.N.E.  Be- 
san$on.     P.  5,294. 

MoNTBERON,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Charente,  on  the  Tardoire, 
16  m.  B.  Angoul&me.     P.  1,235. 

Mont  Blanc,  a  celebrated  mountain 
of  the  Alps  of  ^avoy,  the  highest  in  Eu- 
rope, in  lat.  45°  49'  58"  N.,  Ion.  6°  51'  54" 
B.  Elev.  as  given  by  the  Italian  engi- 
neers, 15,810feet.  Limit  of  the  snow- 
line, 8,000  feet  above  the  sea,  34  glaciers 
bound  the  chain  of  Mont  Blano,  occupy- 
ing a  surface  estimated  at  95  sq.  m. 


MoNTBLANCH,  a  town  of  Spain,  17  m. 
N.N.W.  Tarragona.     P.  4,114. 

MoNTBREHAiN,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Aisne.    P.  1,865. 

MoNTBRisoN,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
Fi-anoe,  cap.  dep.  Loire,  234  m.  S.S.E. 
Paris.     P.  5,565. 

MoNTBRUN,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Garonne,  33  m.  S.W.  Toulouse. 
P.  1,570. 

Montcalm,  N.  go.  Mich.  Area,  576 
sq.  m.     P.  891. 

MoNTcoRNET,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town 
of  France,  dep.  Aisne.     P.  1,743. 

MoNTCua,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Lot,  14  m.  S.W.  Cahors.     P.  2,260. 

Mont-Dauphin,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Alpes,  10  m.  N.E.  Em- 
brun.     P.  669. 

Mont-ds-Marsan,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  cap.  dep.  Landes,  in  a  sandy 
plain,  on  the  Midouze,  63  m.  S.  Bor- 
deaux.    P.  4,380. 

MoNTDiDiEH,  a  market  town  of  France, 
dep.  Somme,  21  m.  S.E.  Amiens.  P.  3,724. 

MoNTE  Alcino,  a  city  of  Tuscany,  20 
m.  S  S.E.  Siena.     P.  3,800.  . 

Monte  Alegre,  a  town  of  Spain,  30 
m.  S.E.  Albacete.     P.  3,490. 

Montebello,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy, 

10  m.  S.W.  Vieenza.     P.  4,000. II.  a 

vill..  Piedmont,  23  m.  E.N.E.  Alessan- 
dria, from  a  victory  over  the  Austrians 
near  which.  Marshal  Lannes  derived 
his  title  of  Duke  de  Montebello. 

MoNTEBELLUNA,  a  market  town  of 
Austrian  Italy,  13  m.  W.N.W.  Treviso. 

II.  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy,  27  m. 

N.W.  Venice. 

MoNTEBESCARiA,  a  vill.  of  Picdmont, 

7  m.  S.W.  Pavia.     P.  2,641. 
MoNTEBOURG,    a    comm.   &   town   of 

France,  dep.  Manche,  15  m.  S.S.E.  Cher- 
bourg.    P.  2,353. 

MoNTECALvo,  a  town  of  Naples,  14 
m.  E.N.E.  Benevento.     P.  4,900. 

MoNTBCAELO,  ii.  town  of  Tuscany,  30 
m.  W.N.W.  Florence.     P.  2,960. 

Monte-Carotto,  a  town  of  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta.,  24  m.  W.S.W.  Ancona. 
P.  2,800. 

Monte-Casino,  a  celebrated  Benedict, 
abbey  of  Naples,  on  a  mntn.  near  S.  Ger- 
mane, v/itb  a  fine  library  of  19,000  vols. 

Monte-Catini,  a  vill.  of  Tuscany,  29 
m.  W.  Florence.     P.  2,600. 

MoNTEccHio,  a  mkt.  town  of  Modena, 

8  m.  W.  Keggio. II.  {Maggiore),  a 

vill.  of  Austrian  Italy,  7  m.  S.W.  Vi- 
eenza.    P.  4,200. 

Monte  Cenisio,  one  of  the  most  re- 
markable summits  of  the  Alps,  on  the 


■v.'Tf^v^S''^ 


h^' 


mon] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


613 


limits  of  Savoj'  &  Piedmont.      Highest 
point  6,775  feet  above  the  sea. 

Monte-Cerboli,  a  vill.  of  Tuscany, 
40  m.  S.S.E.  Pisa. 

MoNTECH,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn-et-Garonne,  7  miles  W.S.W. 
Montauban.     P.  1.712. 

MoNTECHiAKO,  a  market  town  of  N. 
Italv,   Lombardy,    12   m.   S.E.    Brescia. 

P.  6,600. II.  (d'AsU),  Piedmont,  27 

m.  W.N.W.  Alessandria.     P.  2,084. 

Monte-Christi,  a  marit.  town  of 
Hayti,  cap.  arrond.,  on  its  N.  coast,  30 
m.  E.  Cape  Haytien,  near  the  mtiuth  of 

the  river.      P."  3,000. II.  a   town  of 

S.  Amer.,  repub.  Ecuador^  96  rn.  N.W. 
Gua3'aqiiil. 

Monte- Christo,  a  small  island  of  the 
Mediterranean,  belonging  to  Tuscany, 
26  m.  S.  Elba.    L.  &  br.  about  2i  m.  each. 

MoNTEcuccuLO,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy, 
22  m.  S.S.W.  Modena. 

Monte-della-Sibilla,  one  of  the 
Apennine  mountains  of  Central  Ita,ly, 
Pontif.  sta.,  26  m.  N.E.  Spoleto.  Elev. 
7.212  feet. 

MoNTEFALco,  a  town  of  Central  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta.,  14  m.  N.N.W.  Spoleto.  P. 
3,550. — Montefalconeis  a  town  of  Naples, 

14  m.  N.W.Larino. II.  dist.  Bovino. 

P.  3,900  ;  &  Montefalcione  is   a  vill.,  5 
m.  N.E.  Avellino.  "  P.  2,700. 

Monte  Fang,  a  town  of  Italy,  Pon- 
tif. sta.,  8  m.  N.  Macerata.     P.  3,370. 

MoNTEFiAscoNE,  a  town  of  Cent. 
Italy.  Pontif.  sta.,  9  m.N.N.W.  Viterbo. 
P.  4,809. 

MoNTE-FiLiTKANO,  a  town  of  Central 
Italy,  Pontif.  sta.,  15  m.  S.W.  An-cona. 
P.  I',200. 

MoNTEFOETE,  two   market  towns  .of 

Italy. 1.   Austrian   Italy,    14   m.    E. 

Yerona.      P.  1,700. II.  Naples,  cap. 

cant.,  5  m.  W.S.W.  Avellino.     P.  3,500. 

Moxte-Frio,  a  modern  town  of  Spain, 
22  m.  W.N.W.  Granada.     P.  7,500. 

MoNTEFusco,  a  town  of  Naples,  9  m. 
N.N.E.  Avellino.     P.  2,200. 

]\[onte-Giorgio,  a  mkt.  town  of  Cen- 
tral Italj',  Pootif.  sta.,  20  m.  S.W.  Fer- 
nio.     P.  3,8G0. 

.  Montego,  a  bay,  town,  &  cape,  on  the 
N.  coast  (f  .J^unaloa.     P.  4,000. 

Mo>;TE-OR.iXAEO,  a  vill.  of  Central 
Italy,  Pontif,  sta.,  6  m.  N.W.  Fermo.  P: 
4,000. 

MoNTEGROsso  d'Asti,  a  mkt.  tovm  pf 
Piedmont,  6  m.  S.S.E.  Asti.     P.  2,177. 

MoNTEHERMOso,  a  town  of  Spain,  52 
•m.  N.  Caceres.     P.  2  860. 

MoNTEiTH,  a  picturesqite  dist.  of  Scot- 
land, in  S.W.  of  the  co.  Perth.     L.  24  m. 
99* 


MoNTEJAQUE,  a  to^vn  of  Spain,  4  m. 
W.  Ronda.     P.  1,363. 

MoNTEJicAR,  a  town  of  Spain,  27  m. 
E.N.E.  Granada.     P.  2,455. 

MoNTELEONE,  a  town  of  Naples,  cap. 

dist.,  11  m.  E.  Tropea.     P.  2,500. II. 

a  town,  7  m.  S.W.  Bovino.     P.  2,500. 

MoNTELiMAR,  a  city  of  France,  dep. 
Drome,  26  m.  S.  Valence.    P.  6,366. 

MoNTELLA,  a  town  of  Naples,  cap. 
cant.,  12  m.  E.S.E.  Avellino.     P.  5,800. 

MoNTELLANO,  a  town  of  Spain,  32  m. 
S.S.E.  Sevilla.     P.  4,013. 

MoNTELUPO,  a  mkt.  t.  of  Tuscany,  12 
m.  W  S.W.  Florence.  P.  1,370.— Monie 
Lupone  is  a  mkt.  town  of  Pontif.  sta., 
6J  m.  N.N.E.  Macerata.     P.  3,660. 

Monte  Maggiore,  a  mkt.  tovvn  of 
Sicilj',  29  m.  S.E.  Palermo.     P.  5,860. 

Monte-Mahano,  a  town  of  Naples, 
cap.  cant ,  10  m.  E.  Avellino.     P.  1,800. 

Monte  Marciano,  a  mkt.  town,  Italj', 
Pontif.  sta.,  10  m.  W.N.W.  Ancona.  P. 
4,485. 

Mon^e-Mayor,  a  town  of  Spain.  14 
m.  S.S.E.  Cordova.     P.  3,192. 

Monte-Miletto,  a  town  of  Naples.  9 
m.  N.E.  Avellino.  P.  2,AQQ.—Montemi- 
lone  is  a  mkt.  town,  9  m.  E.N.E.  Venosa. 

Montemor,  2  towns  of  Portugal. 

I.  (O-Not'o),  22  m.  W.N.AV.  Evora,     P. 

3,000. II.    {0-Vel/w),  12  m.  AV.S.W. 

Coimbra.     P.  2,530. 

Montendre,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Charente  Inf,  11  m.  S. 
Jonzac.     P.  1,041. 

Montenegro,  a  small  independent 
country  of  European  Turkey,  bounded 
E.  .by  Herzegovina  &  Austrian  Albania 
(Cattaro)  &  on  the  other  sides  by  Turk- 
ish Albania.  Area,  450  sq.  m.,  &  p. 
,100,000. 

Montenotte,  a  vill.  of  Sardinia,  26 
m.  W.  Genoa.  Here  the  French  defeat- 
ed the  Austrians  11th  April,  1796. 

Monte-Pagano,  a  mkt.  town  of  Na- 
ples, near  the  Adriatic,  15  m.  E.  Te- 
ramo. 

Montepeloso,  a  town  of  Naples,  24 
m.  E.N.E.  Potenza.     P.  3,100. 

Montepulciano,  a  town  of  Central 
Italy,  Tuscany,  26  m.  S.W.  Arezzo.  P. 
2,814. 

Montereale,  a  town  of  Najiles,  14 
m.  N.W.  Aquila.     P.  5,600. 

Montereau,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Seine-et-Marne,  16  miles 
E.S.E.  Melun.     P.' 4, 826. 

Monterey,  a  town  of  the  Mexican 
confed.,  cap.  dep.  New  Leon,  on  the  Fer- 
nando riv.,  115  m.  S.E.  Coahuila.  P. 
12,000.     It  was  taken  in   1846,  by  tha 


614 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGKAPHV. 


[mon 


U.  S.  army  under  Gen.  Taylor. II.  a 

seaport  town    of   Upper   California,    on 
Monterey  bay,  an  inlet  24  m.  in  breadth, 

80  m.  S.  the  bay  of  San  Francisco. 

III.  CO ,  California. 

MoNTEHONi,  a  market  town  of  Na- 
ples, 5  m.  W.S.W.  Lecce.     P.  2,000. 

Monte-Rosa,  an  aggregate  mntn.  of 
the  Pennine  Alps,  inferior  in  elevation 
only  to  Mont  Blanc.     Height  15,208  ft. 

Monte-Rosso,  tjvo  towns  of  ISTaples. 

1.  Sicily,  27  m.  AV.N.W.  Syracuse. 

P.  6,500. II.   10  m.  E.N.E.  Monte- 

leone.     P.  2,200. 

MoNTE-RoTONDO,  the  loftiest  mntn. 
of  Corsica.     Height  8,763  feet. 

MoNTE-RuBBiANO,  a  town  of  Central 
Italy,  Pontif.  sta.,  5  m.  S.  Fermo.  P. 
2,500.       ■ 

MoNTERRUBio,  a  town  of  Spain,  78  m. 
E.S.E.  Badiijoz.     P.  3,206. 

Monte  San  Giuliano,  a  town  of 
Sicily,  on  a  high  mntn.,  27  m.  N.N.E. 
Marsala.     P.  7,500. 

MoNTESANO,  a  town  of  Naples,  11m. 
S.E.  Diano.     P.  5,000. 

MoNTE  San  Saving,  a  town  of  Tus- 
cany, 12  m.  S.S.W.  Arezzo.     P.  4,09^ 

Monte  Sant'  Angelo,  a  town  of 
Naples,  28  m.  N.E.  Foggia.     P.  6,600. 

Monte  Santa  jNIaeia,  a  town  of 
Italy,  Pontif.  sta.,  25  m.  N.N.W.  Peru- 
gia.    P.  2,000. 

Monte  Santo,  a  town  of  the  Pontif. 
sta.,  10  m.  E.N.E.  Macerata.     P.  5,818. 

II.  a  vill.,  15  m.  N.E.  Spoleto.     P. 

1,500. 

Monte-Sarchio,  a  large  walled  town 
of  Naples,  13  m.  N.N.W.  Aveilino.  ^. 
4,600. 

MoNTE-ScAGLioso,  a  town  of  Naples, 
9  m.  S.S.E.  Matera.     P.  6,100. 

MoNTE-ScuDOLO,  a  town  of  the  Pontif. 
sta.,  9  m.  S.S.E.  Rimini.     P.  YfilS. 

MoNTE-SiLVANO,  a  vill.  of  Naples, 
4  m.  N.W.  Pescara.     P.  1,000. 

Montesq.uied',  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Gers,  10  m.  AY.S.W.  Auch. 
P.  2,000. 

MoNTEsauiEU-LAURAGAis,-  a  comm. 
&  town  of  France,  dep.  H.  Garonne,  28  '■ 

m.   S.S.W.    Toulouse.      P.    1,320. II. 

(M.  Volvestre),  same  dep.     P.  2,395. 

MoNTESsoN,  a  coinm.  &  town  of  France,  | 
Aep.  Suiae-et-0;se.     P.  1,706.  \ 

MoNTEUX,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Vaucluse,  11  m.  N.E.  A^  ignon.  P. 
2,545. 

Monte-Vago,  a  town  of  Sicilv,  16  m. 
N.W.  Sciaeca.     P.  3,000. 

MoNTEVARCHi,  a  towQ  of  Tuscany,  24 
m.  S.E.  Florence,  on  the  Arno.   P.  3,600. 


Monte-Vecchio,  two  vills.  of  Central 
Italy,  Pontif.  sta. 1.  4  m.  N.N.E.  Per- 
gola, with  1,700  inhabs. II.  deleg.  & 

15  m.  S.E.  Forli. 

JNIonteverde,  a  town  of  Naples,  on  the 
Ofanio,  19  m.  E.N.E.  St.  Angelo  de  Lom- 
bardi.  P.  2,0G0.— Monte-  Verdi  is  a  vill. 
of  Tuscany,  40  m.  S.S.E.  Pisa. 

Monteverde  Islands,  a  group.  Pa- 
cific ocean,  Caroline  isls.,  consisting  of  30 
low  islets. 

Monte-Yettolini,  a  town  of  Tuscany, 

16  m.  W.N.W.  Florence.     P.  2,000. 
Monte-Video,  a  fortified  seaport  city, 

&  cap.  of  the  repub.  Uruguay  (or  Banda 
Oriental),  S.  America,  on  a  peninsula  iu 
the  estuary  of  the  Plata,  105  m.  E.S.E. 
Buenos  Ayres.  P.  12,000  ('?)  It  is  pretty 
regularl}^  built,  in  the  form  of  an  amphi- 
theatre. 

Montezuma,  p- v.,  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
1,000. — The  Montezuma  marshes  extend 
along  the  outlet  of  Cayuga  lake,  &  along 
Seneca  river. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Coving- 
ton CO.  Ala. 

Montfaucon,  several  comms.  &  vills. 

of  France. 1,  dep.  Lot,  17  m.  N.N.E. 

Cahors,  with  1,720  inhabs. II.  dep. 

H.  Loire.  20  m.    E.N.E.   Le    Puy,  with 

1,136  inhabs. III.  a  suburb  of  Paris., 

—  Montferrand  is  the  name  of  several 
comms.  in  the  central  deps.  of  France. 

Montferrat,  an  old  marquisate  of 
N.  Italy. 

Mont-Fereand,  a  city  of  France. 
[Clermont  Ferrand.] 

Montferrier,  two  comms.  &  vills.  of 

Franco. 1,    dep.    Ariege,  11    m.   S.E. 

Fois.    P.  1,894. II.  dep.  Ilerault. 

MoNTFOORT,  a  town  of  the  I\  ether- 
lands,  8  m.  W.S.W.  Utrecht.     P.  1,752. 

MoNTFORT,  two  comms.   &   towns    of 

France. rl.  (Liamaury),  dep.  Seine-et- 

Oise,  14  m.  W.S  W.  Versailles.   P.  1,628. 

II.  {sur  Meu),  dep.  Ille-et-Vilaine, 

13  m.  W.N.W.  Rennes.     P.  1,772. 

MoNTFRiN,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gard,  11  m.  E.N.E.  Nimes.  P. 
2,321. 

MoNTGiscARD,  a  comm.  and  town  of 
Frnnce,  dep.  H.  Garonne,  8  m.  N.W.  Vil- 
lefranche.     P.  1,500. 

Montgomery,  a  market  town  of  N. 
Wnles,  cap.  co.,  on  the  Severn,  20  m.  S.W~. 

Shrewsbury. II.  S.E.  co.  Pa.     Area, 

425?q.  m.     Ciip.  Norristown.    P.  53,291. 

III.  W.   CO.  Md.     Area,  576  sq.  m. 

Cnp.    Rockvllle.     P.  *15,860. IV.   co. 

^Y.  Va.     Area,  1,000  sq.  m.     Cap.  Chris- 

tiansburg.      P.    8,359. V.    S.W.    co. 

N.  C.  Area,  500  sq.  m.  Cap.  Lawrence- 
villc.      P.   6,872. VI.    S.E.  co.    Ga, 


mon] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


515 


Area,  1,100  sq.  m.     Cap.  Mount  Vemon. 

P.  2, 154. VII.  a  central  co.  Ala.  Area, 

900  sq.  m.  P.  29,795.— Montgomery, 
city  &  cap.  of  this  co.,  is  situated  on  Ala. 
r.,  at  the  head  of  steamboat  nav.  Ex- 
ports, 50,000  bales  of  cotton  a  year.     P. 

4,933. VIII.  N.W.   CO.  Tenn.    Area, 

500  sq.  m.      Cdp.   Clarksville.     P.   21,- 

046. IX.   a  central  co.    Ky.      Area, 

260   sq.   m.     Cap.  Mount  Sterling.     P. 

9,903. X.   S.W.   CO.  0.      Area,     480 

sq.   m.      Cap.   Dayton.      P.  38,219.- 

XI.   N.W.    CO.    la.      Area,    504   sq.   m. 

Cap.  Crawfordsville.     P.  18,084. XII. 

a  central  co.  111.    Area,  684  sq.  m.     Cap. 

HiUsboro'.     P.  6,276. XIII.   E.  co. 

Mo.     Area,  576  sq.   m.     Cap.  Danville. 

P.   5,489. XIV.  CO.  Ark;    P.   1,948. 

XV.   CO.   Texas.      P.   2,384.      Cap. 

Montgomery  &  Cincinnati. XVI.  p-t.. 

Orange  co.  N.  Y.     P.  3,933. XVII.  t., 

Somerset  co  N.  J.     P.  1,482. XVIII. 

t.,  Franklin  co.  Va. XIX.  t.,  Mont- 
gomery CO.   Pa.      P.    1,007. XX.   t., 

Er'anklin   co.    0.     P.  1,449. XXI.  t., 

Richland  CO.  0.     P.  2,445. XXII.  E. 

CO.  N.  Y.     Cap.  Fonda.    P.  31,992.  Area, 

365  sq.   nl. XXIII.   t.,  Owen  co.  la. 

P.  1,429. 

MoNTGOMERYSHiKE,  an  inland  co,  of 
N.  Wales.     Area,  839  sq.  m. 

MoNTGUYON,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Charente  Inf.,  20  m.  S.E. 
Jonzac.     P.  1,457. 

MoNTHERME,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ardennes,  8  m.  N.  Mezi^res. 
P.  1,658. 

MoNTHUREux,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Vosges,  20  m.  S.S.W.  Mire- 
court.     P.  1,618. 

MoNTicELLi,   2  vills.  of  Naples,  dist. 

Gaeta.     P.  1,400  &  LOOO. II.  a  vill., 

Pontif.  sta.,  dist.  Tivoli. 

MoNTicELLO,    p-v.,   cap.  Sullivan  co. 

N.Y.     P.  500. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Jasper 

cp.  Ga. III.  p-v.,  cap.  Lawrence  co. 

Miss. IV.  p-v.,  cap.  Wayne  co.  Ky. 

V.  p-v.,  cap.  White  co.  la. VI. 

p-v.,   cap.   Piatt  CO.    111. VII.   p-v., 

cap.  Lewis  co.  Mo. VIII.  a  vill.  of 

Austrian  Italy,  14  m.  S.E.  Como.  P. 
1,650. 

MoNTiEEENDER,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Marne,  8  m.  W.S.W. 
Vassy.  P.  1,500. — Montlers-sur  Saulx 
is  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town,  dep.  Meuse,  10 
m.  S.  Ligny.     P.  1,204. 

MoNTiGLio,  a  mkt.  town  of  Piedmont, 
28  m.  W.N.W.  Alessandria.     P.  3,042. 
-    MoNTiGNAC,     a   comm.   &    town    of 
France,  dep.  Dordogne,  12  m.  N.  Sarlat. 
P.  2,561. 


MoNTiGNY,  numerous  comms.  &  small 
vills.  of  France,  in  the  N.,  N.W.,  &  cen- 
tral deps. — M-le-Roi  is  a  town,  dep.  H. 
Mame.     P.  1,211. 

MoNTiJO,  a  town  of  Spain,  16  m.  E. 
Badnjoz.     P.  4,150. 

MoNTiLLA,  a  town  of  Spain,  18  m.  S.E. 
Cordova.    P.  13,224. 

MoNTiRAT.  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn.     IP.  2,239. 

MoNTiviLLiERs,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Seine  Inf.,  5  m.  N.E. 
Havre.     P.  3,036. 

MoNTJALEiA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia, 
20  m.  N.N.E.  Krementchug.     P.  1,800. 

MoNTJEAN,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France.     P.  1,470. 

MoNTJOiE,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
16  m.  S.S.E.  Aix-la-Chapelle.     P.  3,000. 

II.   a  vill.   &   spa  of  France,    dep. 

Ariege,  1  m.  N.  St.  Girons.    P.  1,820. 

MoNTLHERY,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  15  m.  S.W. 
Paris.     P.  1,460. 

MoNTLiEu,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Charente  Inf.,  15  m.  S.E.  Jonzac. 
P.  1,920.     . 

MoNTLOuis^jicomm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  E.  Pyrenees,  40  m.  W.S.W.  Perpig- 

nan.   P.  1,080. II.  a  vill.,  dep.  Indre- 

et-Loire,  6|-  m.  E.  Tours. 

MoNTLucoN,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  AUier,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Cher, 
38  m.  W.S.W.  Moulins.     P.  6,105. 

MoNTLUEL,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ain,  24  m.  S.E.  Trevoux.    P.  2,866. 

MoNTMARAULT,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Allier,  16  m.  E.  Montlufon. 
P.  1,612. 

Montmartin-sur-Mer,  a  comm.  <fc 
vill.  of  France,  dep.  Manche,  6  m.  S.W. 
Coutances.     P.  1,520. 

MoNTMARTRE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Seine,  forming  a  N.  suburb 
of  Paris,  within  the  new  line  of  fortifi- 
cations. P.  14,234.  It  is  a  favorite  Sun- 
day resort  for  the  Parisians. 

MoNTMEDY,  a  comm.  &  fortified  town 
of  France,  dep.  Meuse,  25  m.  N.  Verdun. 
P.  1,643. 

MONTMEILLAN,      Or     MONTMELIAN,      a 

town  of  Savoy,  on  the  Isere,  7  m.  S.E. 
Chambery.     P.  1,325. 

MoNTMEBLE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Ain,   9  m.  N.  Trevoux.     P.  1,801. 

MoNTMiRAii.,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Marne,  22  m.  S.W.  Epernay. 
P.  2,222.  A  battle  was  fought  here,  17th 
Feb.,  1814,  betw.  the  French  &  the  allies. 

Montmorency,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  Urn.  E.S.B. 
Pontoise.    P.  1,882. II.  a  river  of 


616 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHV. 


[mon 


Lower  Canada,  which  joins  the  St.  Law- 
rence, 6  m.  N.E.  Quebec,  after  forming 
a  cataract  250  feet  in  height.  ,^ 

MoNTMOBiLLON,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
Trance,  dep.  Vienne,  17  m.  E.S.E.  Poi- 
tiers.    P.  3,658. 

MoNTODiNE,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy, 
10  m.  E.S.E.  Lodi,  on  the  Serio.    P.  2,000. 

MoNTODORisio,  a  town  of  Naples,  3ra. 
W.S.W.  II  Vasto.    P.  2,500. 

MoNTOiEE,  two   comms.  &   towns  of 

France. 1,   dep.    Loire   Inf.    29  m. 

W.N.W.  Nantes.     P.  4,500. ^11.  dep. 

Loir-et-Cher,  24  m.  W.N.W.  Blois.  P. 
2,475. 

MoNTOLiEu,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aude,  10  m.  W.N.W.  Carcassone. 
P.  1,760. 

MoNTORio,  two  towns  of  Naples. 

I.  prov.  Molise,  dist.  &  3J  m.  S.B.  Larino. 

P.  1,500. Il.dist. &  6 m.  S.W. Teramo. 

P.  2,300. 

MoNTOEO,  a  town  of  Spain.  23  m. 
E.N.E.  Cordova.  P.  10,732.— II.  a 
town  of  Naples,  11  m.  N.  Salerno.  P. 
6,200. 

MoNTPELiER,  t.,  &  cap.  of  the  state 
of  Vt.,  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  the 
N.  &  S.  branches  of  Winooski  or  Onion 
riv.,  38  m.  from  Burlington.  P.  3.757. 
The  principal  v.  in  the  S.W.  part  of  the 
t.  contains  the  public  buildings.  P.  1.700. 

MoNTPELLiER,  a  city  of  France,  cap. 
dep.  Herault,  near  the  Lez,  &  on  the  rail- 
way from  Nimes  to  Cette,  75  m.  W.N.W. 
Marseille.  P.  37,774.  It  is  finely  situ- 
ated on  the  slope  of  a  hill  commanding 
extensive  views,  &  has  a  university. 

MoNTPENSiER,  a. comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Puy-de-DOme,  10  m.  N.N.B. 
Riom. 

MoNTPEYROUx,  two  comms.  &  vills.  of 

France. 1,  dep.  Herault,  9  m.  E.S.E. 

Loddve.     P.  1,610. II.  dep.  Aveyron. 

P..  2,000. 

MoNTPi&ZAT,  several  comms.  &  vills. 

of  France. 1,  dep.  Ardache.  P.  2,902. 

II.   dep.   Lot-et-Garonne,   10  miles 

N.N.W.  Agea.      P.  1,687. III.  dep. 

Tarn-et-Garonne,  16  m.  N.N.E.  Montau- 
ban.     P.  1,099. 

MoNTPONT,  a  comm.  &  vill .  of  France, 
dep.  Saone-et-Loiro,  23  m.  N.E.  Macon. 
P.  2,259. 

Montreal,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aude,    11    m.  W.  Carcassone.      P. 

2,173. II.    a  comm.  &    town,   dep. 

Gers,  29  m.  N.W.  Auch.     P.  2,877. 

Montreal,  the  second  city  &  river 
port,  &  the  chief  seat  of  commerce  of 
Lower  Canada,  on  the  S.S.B.  side  of  the 
isl.  of  same  name  in  the  river  St.  Law- 


rence, 140  m.  S.W.  Quebec.  Its  position 
at  the  head  of  the  ship  navigation  of  th« 
St.  Lawrence,  renders  it  the  chief  empo- 
rium of  trade  between  Canada  and  the 
U.  States.  It  has  a  secure  harbor.  The 
commerce  in  furs  has  declined,  biit  Mon- 
treal has  increasing  trade  in  cast-iron 
founding,  distilling,  brewing,  &  ship- 
building, with  factories  for  soap,  candles, 
tobacco,  hardwares,  &  floor-cloth.  It 
was  founded  in  1640,  &  taken  from  the 
French  in  1760. — Montreal  island  is  in 
the  middle  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  &  is  32 
m.  in  length,  &  10  m.  in  breadth. 

MoNTHEDON,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Tarn,  17  m.  E.  Albi.  P. 
5,213. 

MoNTREJEAu,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  II.  Garonne,  8  m.  W.  St. 
Gaudens.     P.  2,646. 

MoNTRELAis,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dfep.  Loire  Inf ,  9  m.  E.  Ancenis. 
P.  2,460. 

MoNTEESOR,  a  Jiomm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Indre-et-Loire,  9  m.  E.  Lo- 
ches.     P.  731. 

MoNTREUiL,  several  comms.,  towns,  & 

vills.  of   France. 1,  {sur  Mer),  dep. 

Pas-de-Calais,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Canche, 
8  m.  from  its  mouth,  &  20  m.  S.S.E.  Bou- 
logne.   P.  3,685. II.  {M.  sous  Bois), 

den.  Seine,  3|  m.  E.  Paris.  P.  3,587. 
— ^IIT.  {M.  Bellay),  dep.  Maine-et- 
Loire,  9  m.  S.S.W.   Saumur.     P.  2,000. 

IV.  {le  Chetif),  a  vill.,  dep.  Sarthe, 

19  m.  W.S.W.  Mamers.     P.  1,240. 

MoNTREUx,  a  large  vill.  of  Switzer- 
land, cant.  Vaud,  on  the  lake  of  Geneva. 
P.  2,600. 

MoNTEEVAULT,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Maine-et-Loire.     P.  780. 

MoNTREVEL,  a  comm.  &  tovrn  of  France, 
dep.  Ain,  on  the  Reyssouse.     P.  1,401. 

MoNTEicHARD,  a  comm.  &  town, 
France,  dep.  Loir-et-Cher,  18  m-  S.S.W. 
Blois.     P.  1,200. 

MoNTEicoux,  a  comm.  '&  town  of 
France,  dep.  Tarn-et-Garonne,  13  m. 
E.N.E.  Montauban,     P.  1,585. 

MonteigAud,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Drome,  23  va.  N.N.E.  Va- 
lence.    P.  1,560. 

MoNTEOsE,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotl., 
CO.  Forfar,  34  m.  S.W.  Aberdeen,  on  a 
peninsula  between  Montrose  basin  &  the 
North  sea,  at  the  mouth  of  the  S.  Eslj.' 

II.  p-v.,   Lee   CO.  Iowa.     Here  are 

many  remains  of  ancient  mounds. 

MoNTBOuGE,  a  comm.  &  vilL  of 
France,  dep.  Seine,  forming  a  S.  suburb 
of  Paris.     P.  1,353. 

MoNTSERRAT,  a  British  W.  India  isl., 


moo] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEKR. 


517 


Leeward  group,  midway  between  Guade- 
loupe &  Nevis,  &  27  m.  S.W.  Antigua 
Area,  47  sq.  m.  P.  7,365  of  whom6-7ths 
are  blacks.     Surface  mntnous^ 

Mont  St.  Jean,  a  vill.  of  Belgium, 
11  m.  S.E.  Brussels,  immediately  E.  of 
the  field  where  was  fought  the  action  of 
"Waterloo,  called  by  the  French  the  bat- 
tle of  Mont  St.  Jean. 

Mont  St.  Michel,  a  picturesque, 
steep,  &  fortified  rock,  off  the  coast  of 
Normandy,  in  Cancale  bay,  7  m.  S.W. 
Avranches. 

MoNTsuRS,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Mayenne,  12  m.  E.N.E.  La- 
val, on  the  Dinard.     P.  1,405. 

Mont  Tendre,  one  of  the  Jura  mntns., 
Switzerland,  on  the  S.E.  side  of  the  lake 
of  Joux,  15  m.  N.W.  Laus§,nne.  Height, 
5,538  ft. 

Mont  Terrible  &  Mont  Tonneere, 
two  former  deps.  under  the  French 
empire. 

MoNTUiBi,  a  towfi  of  the  Balearic  isles, 
Majorca,  17  m.  E.  Palmas.     P.  2,783. 

MoNTviLLE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine  Inf.,  8  m.  N.  Rouen.  P. 
2,200. 

MoNTViLLE,  t.,   Waldo   CO.    Me.      P. 

2,153. II.  t..  New  London  co.  Conn. 

P.  1,990. 

MoNZA,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy,  9J 
m.  N.N.E.  Milan.  P.  16,000.  It  is  well 
laid  out,  &  has  an  air  of  venerable  an- 
tiquity. 

MoNzAMBANO,  a  mkt.  town  of  Austri- 
an Italy,  prov.  &  18  m.  N.N.W.  Mantua. 
The  French  gained  a  victory  over  the 
Austrians  here  in  1800. 

MoNZON,  a  fortified  town  of  Spain,  33 
m.  S.E.  Huesca.     P.  2,880. 

MooDAPOOR,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  &  prov.  Bengal,  dist.  Mymun- 
feingh,  66  m.  W.N.W.  Dacca. 

MooDHiLL,  a  town  of  British  India,  62 
m.  N.E.  Dharwar. 

MooDKEE,  a  vill.  of  N.W.  Hindostan, 
28  m.  S.E.  Ferozepoor.     P.  6,000. 

MooERs,  p-t.,  Olinton  eo.  N.  T.  P. 
3,365. 

Moo  JAB  AD,  a  considerable  town  of 
Hindostan,  30  m.  S.W.  Jeypoor. 

MooK,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands,  30 
m.  N.N.W.  Venlo.  Louis  of  Nassau  was 
here  conquered  &  killed  by  the  Spaniards 
in  1574. 

MooLA,  pass,  Beloochistan,  leads  from 
Gundava  to  Kelat. — Moola  is  also  a 
town  of  Asia-Minor,  130  miles  S.E. 
Smyrna. 

MoOLOoPETTA,  a  ^arit  town  of  Brit. 
India,  124  m.  N.E.  Cape  Comorin. 


MooLTAN,  a  city  of  the  Punjab,  in  its 
S.  part,  near  the  Chenab,  50  m.  N.W. 
Bhawlpoor,  &  190  m.  S.W.  Lahore.  P. 
80,000.  It  is  enclosed  by  a  dilapidated 
brick  wall.  Houses  of  burnt  brick,  lofty, 
&  flat  roofed  ;  streets  narrow  &  gloomy. 
Here  are  several  handsome  Mohamme- 
dan tombs. 

Moon,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.  Pa.  P.  1,281. 

MooNCHY,  &  Moonuk,  two  towns  of 
India. — ^I.  in  the  Deccan, Nizam's  dom., 

38  m.  S.S.E.  Aurungabad. II.  117  m. 

N.W.  Delhi. 

MooNDER,  a  large  vill.  of  Scinde,  30 
m.  N.  Sehwau. 

Moor,  a  town  of  W.  Hungary,  16  m. 
N.W.  Stuhlweissehburg.     P.  7,000. 

MooEBUEG,  a  vill.  of  Germany,  4  m. 
S.  the  "city  of  Hamburg.     P.  1,817. 

MooRDRECHT,  a  vill.  of  the  Neiherlds., 
9  m.  N.E.  Rotterdam.     P.  1,904. 

MooEE,  S.W.  CO.  N.  C.     Area,  740  sq. 

m.     Cap.  Carthage.     P.  9,342. II.  t., 

Northampton  co.  Pa.     P.  2,389. 

MooRFiELD,  p-v.,  cap.  Hardy  co.  Va. 
P.  300. 

MooEGHAUB,  a  river  of  Affghanistan 
&    independent   Turkestan.      L.  250  m. 

II.   a   town  of  Persia,   70  m.  N.E. 

Shiraz. 

MooRLEY,  or  Jessore,  a  town  of 
British  India,  Bengal,  66  m.  N.E.  Cal- 
cutta.— Moorleydur  Serai  is  a  town,  40 
m.  E.  Agra. 

MooRSAUM,  a  town  of  British  India, 
29  m.  N.  Agra. 

MooESEELE,  a  mkt.  town  of  Belgium, 
4  m.  W.  Courtrai.     P.  4,000. 

MoojisHEDABAD,  a  city  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  &  prov.  Bengal,  extending  along 
the  Ganges  for.  about  8  m.,  115  m.  N. 
Calcutta.  P.  165,000.  It  is  meanly  built. 
The  dist.  Moorshedabad  has  an  area  of 
1,870  sq.m.     P.  762,690. 

MooRSLEDE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Bel- 
gium, 9  m.  N.E.  Ypres.     P.  6,333. 

Moose,  a  river  of  British  N.  America, 
enters  James'  bay.  L.  250  m. — {M. 
Head),  a  lake  of  the  U.  S.,  Maine,  gives 
origin  to  the  Kennebec  river.  L.  30 
m.,  gr.  br.,  12  m. — {M.  Hillock),  a  moun- 
tain of  New  Hampshire,  14  m.  E.  Ha- 
verhill. Elev.  N.  peak,  4,636  feet.— (ilf. 
Island),  ^Y.  Indies,  Bahamas,  25  m.  S.E. 

the  Great  Bahama  island. II.  river, 

N.  H.,  br.  of  the  Androscoggin.  Also  r., 
in  N.  Y.,  aia.  of  the  Black. 

MoosH,  a  townof  Turkish  Armenia,  83 
m.  S.S.E.  Erzeroum.  P.  about  700  Mo- 
hammedan, &  500  Armenian  families. 

MooTAPiLLY,  a  town  of  British  India, 
41  m.W.S.W.  Guntoor. 


618 


CrCLOP^DIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


MOR 


Mooz-Tagh,  a  portion  of  the  mountain 
circle,  bounding  the  great  table-land  of 
E.  Asia,  on  the  N.W. 

MoQUEHNA,  a  town  of  S.  Peru,  dep.  & 
93  m.  S.E.  Arequipa.     P.  10,000. 

Mora,   several  towns  of  Spain. 1. 

15  m.  B.S.E.  Teruel.     P.   2,656. II. 

30  m.  W.  Tarragona.     P.  3,500. III. 

prov.  &  20  m.  S.E.  Toledo.  P.  5,267.  It 
has  a  castle.  Its  sword  factory,  once 
celebrated,  has  now  fallen  into  decay. 

Mora,  the  cap.  town  of  Mandara,  Cen- 
tral Africa. 

MoRADABAD,  a  dist.  of  British  India, 
in  the  Doab.  Area,  2,405  sq.  m.  P. 
861,146. — Moradabad,  the  chief  town,  is 
90  m.  N.E.Delhi.     P.  32,600. 

Moral,  t.,  Shelby  co.  la.     P.  1,146. 

Moral  de  Calatrava,  a  town  of 
Spain,  20  m.  E.S.E.  Ciadad  Real.  P. 
4,612. 

MoRANNES,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Maine-et-Loire,  20  m. 
N.  Angers.     P.  1,238. 

MoRANO,  a  town  of  Naples,  6  m.  N.W. 
Castrovillari.     P.  8,000. 

MoRANT,  a  river  of  Jamaica,  co.  Sur- 
rey, enters  Morant  bay  (Caribbean  sea), 
22  m.  E.S.E.  Kingston. — Morant  Point 
is  the  E.  extremity  of  the  island,  hit.  17°' 
56'  N.,  Ion.  76°  I'V  W.,  12  m.  W.S.W.  is 
the  inlet  Port  Morant. 

MoRAR,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  in  W.  of 
CO.  Inverness.     L.  8  m. 

Moras,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Drome,  25  m.  N.  Valence. 
P.  4,229. 

MoRAT  (Lake  of),  a  small  lake  of 
Switzerland,  2  m.  S.E.  the  lake  of  Neu- 
chatel.     L.  7  m.,  br.  2  mi 

Morat,  a  small  town  of  Switzerland, 
8  m.  N.W.  Fribourg.     P.  1,853. 

MoHATA,  a  town  of  Spain,  20  m.  S.E. 
Madrid.    P.  2,500. 

MoRATALLA,  a  towu  of  Spain,  45  m. 
N.N.W.  Murcia.     P.  7,988. 

MoRAVA,  the  principal  river  of  Servia, 
through  the  centre  of  which  it  flows,  join- 
ing the  Danube. 

MoRAvi,  a  town  of  E.  Africa,  a  little 
S.  of  Nyassi. 

Moravia,  a  prov.  of  the  Austrian  em- 
pire, having  E.  Gralicia  &  Hungary,  S. 
Austria,  W.  Bohemia,  &  N.  Prussian  Si- 
lesia. Area,  10,239  sq.  m.  P.  2,223,729. 
Moravia,  like  Bohemia,  forms  an  eleva- 
ted plateau,  inclined  towards  the  S. 
Large  quantities  of  fine  flax  are  raised, 
&  fruits  are  so  plentiful,  that  Moravia  is 
styled  the  orchard  of  Austria.  P.  mostly 
Slavonian,  but  about  450,000  ar-e  esti- 
mated to  be  of  German  descent,  &   30,- 


000  Jews.  Government  administered  by 
an  officer,  with  direct  authority  from 
Vienna,  but  the  marquisate  has  its  own 
assembly  of  clergy,  nobility,  knights,  & 
citizens,  who  meet  annually  to  apportion 
the  mode  of  raising   &  distributing  the 

revenus.     It  is  divided  into  8  circs. 

IL  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.     P.  1,876. 

Moray,  a  northern  co.  of  Scotland, 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Moray  firth. 
Area,  480  sq.  m. 

MoRBECciuB,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Nord,  2  m.  S.  Hazebrouck. 
P.  3,975. 

MoRBEGNO,  a  mkt.  town  of  Austrian 
Italy,  prov.  Valtellina,  on  the  Adda,  33 
m.  N.E.  Como.     P.  3,300. 

MoRBEYA,  a  river  of  N.W.  Africa,  rises 
in  Mount  Atlas,  separates  the  kingdoms 
Morocco  &  Fez,  &  enters-  the  Atlantic. 
L.  230  m. 

MoRBiER,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Jura,  24  m.  E.S.E.  Lons-le-Saulnier. 
P.  2,087. 

MoRBiHAN,  a  maritime  dep.  of  France, 
in  the  W.  Area,  2,640  sq.  m.  P.  478,- 
172.  The  coasts  on  the  Atlantic  in  the 
S.  are  much  indented  ;  the  chief  bay  is 
Morbihan,  from  which  the  dep.  is  named. 
Near  the  coast  are  the  islands  Groix, 
Belle-Isle,  Houat,  &  numerous  islets. 

MoRCLEs  (Dent  de),  one  of  the  sum- 
mitsrtjf  the  Alps  in  Switzerland,  between 
the  cants.  Vaud  &  Valais.  Elev.  of  the 
T&te  Noire,  9,757  feet. 

MoRCONE,  a  town  of  Naples,  21  m. 
S.W.  Campobasso.     P.  5,000. 

MoRDELLES,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ille-et-Vilaine,  8  m.  W.S.W. 
Rennes.     P.  2,687. 

MoREAu,   p-t.,  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.    P. 

1,834. II.  t..  Cole  CO.  Me.     P.  1,000. 

III.  t.,  Morgan  co.  Mo.     P.  800. 

MoRECAMBE  -  Bay,  (or  Lancaster 
Bay),  an  extensive  inlet  of  the  Irish  sea, 
on  the  W.  coast  of  England,  co.  Lancaster. 

MoREFiELD,  t.,  Clarke  co.  0.  P.  1,071. 
II.  t.,  Harrison  co.  0.     P.  1,505. 

MoREisHWAR,  a  considerable  town  of 
British  India,  34  m.  S.E.  Poonah. 

MoRELAND,  t.,  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 
P.  2,161. II.  t,  Scott'co.  Mo.  P.  1,318, 

MoRELLA,  a  town  of  Spain,  40  m.  N.E. 
Castellon-de-la-plana.     P.  6,211. 

MoRENA  (Sierra),  Spain. 

MoRESNET,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium, 
11  m.  E.N.E.  Liege.  * 

MoRESTEL,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Isere.     P.  1,326. 

MoRET,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Marne,  7  m.  W.S.AV  Mon- 
tereau.    P.  1,672. 


MOiS] 


CKIVERSAL    GAZiSTTEER. 


519 


MoHETON  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific 
ocean,  E.  Australia.     L.  70  m. 

Moreton-Hampstead,  a  mrkt.  town 
of  England,  co.  Devon,  13  miles  W.S.W. 
Exeter.     P.  2,037. 

Moreton-in-the-Marsh,  a  market 
town  of  England,  co.  &  26  miles  E.N.E. 
Gloucester.     P.  1,345. 

MoEETOWN,  t.,  Washington  co.  Vt.  P." 
1,128. 

MoRETTA,  a  market  town  of  Piedmont, 
on  the  Po,  22  miles  S.S.W.  Turin.  P. 
3,387. 

MoREUiL,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Somme,  12  m.  S.E.  Amiens.  P. 
2,219. 

MOREVEE,  &    MOREWAHA,     twO    tOWnS 

of  W.  Hindostan. 

MoREz,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Jura,  on  the  Bienne.  P. 
2,804. 

Morgan,  N.  co.  Va.     Area,  350  sq.  m. 

Cap.   Bath.      P.    3,557. II,   N.E.  co. 

Ga.     Area,  320  sq.  m.     Cap.   Madison. 

P.  10,744. III.  N.  CO.  Ala.     Area,  720 

sq.  m.    Cap.  Summerville.  P.  10,125. 

IV.  N.E.   CO.  Tenn.     Area.,   640   sq.  m. 

Cap.  Montgomery.     P.  3,430. V.  E. 

CO.  Ky.     Area,  890  sq.  m.     Cap.  West 

Liberty.      P.  7,620. VI.  S.E.  co.  0. 

Area,  500  sq.  m.     Cap.   McConnellsville. 

P.  28,585. VII.  S.W.   CO.  la.     Area, 

453  sq.  m.    Cap.  Martinsville.    P.  14,576. 

VIII.    a  central  co.  111.     Area,  510 

sq.   m.     Cap.   Jacksonville.     P.    16,064. 

IX.  a  central  co.  Mo.     Area,  792  sq. 

Cap.     Vei-sailles.      P.   4,650. X.     t., 

Greene  co.  Pa.  P.  1,094.— XI.  t., 
Butler  CO.  0.  P.  1,726. XII.  t.,  Mor- 
gan CO.  0.    P.  1,518. 

Morganfield,  p-v.,  cap.  Union  co. 
Ky. 

Morgantown,    p-v.,    cap.    Mongolia 

CO.  Va.     P.  700. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Butler 

CO.  Ky. 

Morgarten,  a  mountain  of  Switzer- 
land, 5  m.  N.  Schwytz,  &  where  on  15th 
November,  1315,  1,300  Swiss  defeated 
an  army  of  20,000  men  under  Leopold 
of  Austria,  this  being  the  first  battle 
fought  for  Swiss  independence.  In  1798 
the  Swiss  also  defeated  a  French  force 
here. 

Morgenstern,  a  vill.  of  Bohemia,  26 
m.  N.E.  Jung-Bunzlau.     P.  2,550. 

Moeges,  a  small  town  of  Switzerland, 
on  the  lake  of  Geneva.  7  m.  W.  Lausanne. 
P.  2,880. 

Morhange,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Moselle.     P.  1,200. 

Mouiah,  p-t..  Essex  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
3,063. 


Morin,  a  fortified  town  of  Prussia, 
circ.  Konigsberg.     P.  1,280. 

Moringen,  a  walled  town  of  Hanover, 
35  m.  S.S.W.  Hildesheim.     P.  1,565. 

MoRiTz  (St.),  a  vill.  of  Switzerland, 
28  m.  S.E.  Chur. 

MoRLAAs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Pyrenees,  6  m.  N.E.  Pau.  P. 
1,860. 

MoRLAccA,  a  dist.  of  Austrian  Croatia. 

MoRLAix,  a  comm.  &  seaport  town  of 
France,  dep.  Finist^re,  34  miles  E.N.E. 
Brest.     P.  8,981. 

MoEMOiRON,  a  cbmm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Vaucluse,  7  m.  E.  Car- 
pentras.     P.  1,845. 

MoRNAKT,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Rhone,  12  m.  S.W.  Lyon.     P.  2,440. 

MoRNiNGsiDE,  a  vill.  of  Scotland,  co. 
&  2  m.  S.  Edinburgh.     P.  1,795. 

MORNINGTON    IsLAND,  the    mOSt   N.  & 

largest  of  the  Wellesley  islands,  gulf  of 
Carpentaria,  N.  Australia. — Fort  Mor- 
nington  is  an  inlet  of  the  Red  sea  in  Nu- 
bia, lat.  18°  11' N. 

Morocco,  a  country  of  N.W.  Africa, 
between  lat.  28°  &  36°  N.,  &  Ion.  0°  40' 
&  11°  40'  W.,  having  E.  &  S.E.  the  Des- 
ert, N.E.  Algeria,  W.  the  Atlantic,  &  N. 
the  Mediterranean  sea.  Area,  220,000 
sq.  m.,  &  pop.  8,500,000,  of  whom  about 
3,550,000  are  Moors,  3,750.000  Berbers 
&  Shellock",  740,000  Bedouins,  &  339,500 
Jews.  Surface  mountainous,  covered 
with  ramifications  of  Mount  Atlas,  but 
comprising  many  fine  plains.  Princi- 
pal rivers,  the  Mahala,  flowing  into 
the  Mediterranean  ,-  the  Sebu,  Morbeya, 
Tensift,  &  Susa,  entering  the  Atlantic; 
&  the  Draha,  beyond  the  Atlas.  Climate 
healthy.  Soil  in  the  valleys  celebrated 
in  antiquity  for  its  great  fertility  ;  & 
yielding,  in  some  places,  three  crops  of 
corn  in  one  year.  A  trade  with  the  Le- 
vant is  carried  on  by  the  Mecca  &  other 
caravans,  &  by  feluccas  coasting  along 
the  shores  of  Barbary  ;  there  is  also  a 
communication  by  caravans,  with  Tim- 
buctoo  &  other  places  in  Central  Africa. 
The  empire  consists  of  the  kingdoms  Mo- 
rocco, Fez,  &  the  territories  Sus,  Draha, 
&  Tafillet ;  &  is  subdivided  into  28  provs. 
Principal  cities  &  towns  Morocco,  Fez, 
Mequinez,  Rabat,  Sallee,  Tarudant, 
Titnan,  Tesa,  Mogadore,  &  Tangier.  The 
standing  army  amounts  to  about  11,000 
men,  half  of  whom  are  negroes.  Navy 
comprises  only  a  few  brigs  &  smaller 
vessels. 

Morocco,  the  cap.  city  of  the  empire 
Morocco,  is  situated  in  a  fertile  plain, 
near  the  river  Tensift,  125  m.  E.  Mogar 


520 


CVCLOr^EDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[mob 


tlore.  P.  100,000.  It  is  enclosed  by  a 
strong  turreted  wall  30  feet  in  height, 
&  6  m.  in  circ.,  in  the  interior  of  which 
are  many  large  fields  &  open  spaces 
strewed  with  ruins.  The  city  is  ill  built 
&  filthy  ;  most  of  its  houses  are  con- 
structed of  only  earth  &  lime.  Princip. 
manufs.  are  of  leather  &  embroidery,  & 
the  chief  export  trade  is  in  those  articles 
&  in  salt. 

MokoMANNO,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Calab.  Git .  dist.  &  13  m.  N.W.  Castro- 
villari.     P.  5,700. 

Moron  de  la  Frontera,  a  town  of 
Spain,  28  m.  S.E.  Se villa,  on  the  Guade- 
ira.     P.  9,445. 

MoRONE,  a  town  of  Naples,  dist.  &  8 
m.  S.W.  Larino.     P.  3,200. 

MoROsso,  a  market  town  of  Piedmont, 
8  m.  E.N.E.  Coni.     P.  1,685. 

MoROvsK,  a  town  of  Russia,  36  m. 
S.W.  Tchernigov.     P.  2,500. 

Morpeth,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  North- 
umberland, 15  m.  N.  Newcastle. 

MoRHA,  two  towns  of  Italy. 1.  Pied- 
mont, 7  m.  S.W.  Alba.     P.  3,318. II. 

Naples,  3  m.  E.N.E.  St.  Angelo-di- Lom- 
bard!.   P.  3,300. 

Morris,  N.  co.  N.  J.  Area,  500  sq.  m. 
P.  25,844. — Morristown,  p-v-,  is  the  cap. 

P.  2,500. II.  t.,  Morris  co.  N.  J.     P. 

4,992. III.  t.,  Greene  co.  Pa.  P.  1,162. 

IV.  t.,  Huntingdon  co.  Pa»  P.  1,516. 

V.    t.,  Washington   co.   Pa. VI. 

t,  Knox  CO.  0.    P.  1,072. 

Morristov/n,  t.,  Lamoille  co.  Vt.  P. 
1,502. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Henry  co.  111. 

MoRRisviLLE,  p-v.,  cap.  Madisou  co. 
N.  Y.     P.  700. 

Morrow,  cc,  0.     P.  20,280. 

Mors,  an  isl.  of  Denmark,  Jiatland. 
L.  23  m.;  br.  11  m.     P.  6,000. 

MoRSBaRG,  a  walled  town  of  Baden,  on 
the  lake,  5  m.  E.N.E.  of  Constance.  P. 
1,320. 

MoRscH,  a  vill.  of  Baden,  N.W.  Bttlin- 
gen.  P.  1,209.— Alt.  Morschen  is  a  vill. 
of  H.  Cassel,  5  m.  S.E.  Mekungen. 

MoRSCHANSK,  a  town  of  Russia,  56  m. 
N.  Tambov,  on  the  Zna.     P.  5,000. 

MoRTAGNE,  a  town  of  France,  dap. 
Orne,  cap.  cant.,  21  m.  E.  Alenjon.     P. 

4,392. II.    a    comm.    &    town,    dep. 

Manehe,  45  m.  S.W.  St.  Lo.     P.  1,614. 

III.  a  comm.  &  town,  dep.  Nord.    P. 

1  318. IV.    {M.   sur    G-ironde),  dep. 

Charente  Inf.  P.  1,436.— V.  (M.  sur 
Ssvre),  a  comm.  &  town,  dep.  Vendee. 
P.  1,404. 

MoRTARA,  a  toTvn,  Piedmont,  25  m. 
N.N.E.  Alessandria.     P.  of  comm.  5,316. 

MoRTEAu,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  to^v^  of 


France,  dep.  Doubs,  16  m.  N.E.  Pontar- 
lier.     P.  1,550. 

Mortefontaine,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Oise. 

MoRTEso,  a  small  isl.  of  Dalmatia,  26 
m.  S.E.  Zara,  in  the  Adriatic. 

MoRTLOCK  Islands,  a  gi-oup  of  small 
islands  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  N.  of  the 
Solomon  isles, 

Mortree,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  den.  Orne,  14  m.  N.  Alenf  on.  P. 
1,590. 

MoRTY  IsLE,  Malay  archipelago,  is 
off  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Gllolo.  L.  60 
m. ;  av.  br.  25  m. — The  strait  of  Mori}/, 
between  it  &  Gilolo,  is  30  m.  across. 

Morumbidgee,  a  riv.  of  Australia, 
joins  the  riv.  Murray.     L.  1,000  m. 

MoRVAN,  an  old  divis.  of  France,  in 
the  Nivernais. 

MosALASK,  a  town  of  Russia,  43  miles 
W.  Kalouga.     P.  1,200. 

MosBACH,  several  small  towns  of  Ger- 
many.  1,  grand  duchy  of  Baden,  32 

m.  E.S.E.  Mannheim.     P.  2,400. IL 

on  the  Rhine,  2  m.  S.  Wiesbaden. 

MosBOROUGH,  atwnshp.  of  England,  co. 
Derby.     P.  1,044. 

MosBURG,  a  town  of  Upper  Bavaria, 
29  m.  N.E.  Miinchen.     P.  1,739. 

Moschenitza,  a  maritime  vill.  of  Is- 
tria,  12  m.  S.W.  Fiume. 

Moschiano,  a  town  of  Naples,  11  m. 
N.E.  Teramo.     P.  1,500. 

MoscHiN,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
S.  Posen.     P.  1,020. 

MoscisKA,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia,  16  m.  E.  Przemysl.     P.  2.900. 

Moscow,  a  gov.  of  Cent.  Russia.  Area, 
13,380  sq.  m.  P.  1,374,700.  Surface  an 
extended  plain  with  few  undulations. 

Moscow  (Russ.  Moskwa),  a  city  of 
Europe,  former  cap.  of  Russia,  and  now 
of  the  gov.  Moscow,  near  its  centre,  on 
the  Moskwa,  397  m.  S.E.  St.' Peters- 
burg, in  iat.  (Ivan  Veliki)  55°  45'  13" 
N.,  Ion.  37°  37'  54"  E.  P.  350,000. 
Elev.  781  feet.  It  covers  a  large  circular 
area,  &  consists  of  the  Kremlin,  or  cita- 
del, surrounded  by  other  quarters,  en- 
closed by  walls,  beyond  which  are  several 
suburbs.  Since  1812,  it  has  been  rebuilt; 
on  a  regular  plan,  but  it  is  still  mostly  of 
wood.  The  principal  edifices  were  the 
Kremlin,  the  ancient  residence  of  the 
Czars,  &  now  replaced  by  a  magnificent 
structure,  the  new  Kremlin,  completed 
in  1850,  &  ornamented  with  the  finest 
statuary  &  sculpture  ;  the  orphan  hospi- 
tal, bazaar,  cathedral,  &  the  church  of 
the  Annunciation,  in  which  the  sove- 
reigns of  Russia  are  re-crowned.     TLe 


Mex] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


521 


great  bell  of  Moscow,  the  largest  ever 
founded,  21  feet  high,  20  feet  in  diameter, 
&  weighing  1,600  tons,  long  buried  under 
the  soil,  was  raised  &  placed  on  a  ped- 
estal in  1836.  Moscow  is  the  residence 
of  the  wealthiest  &  most  ancient  noble 
families,  the  seat  of  a  section  of  the  sen- 
ate, of  a  military  gov.-general,  &  of  a 
regency,  or  council  of  administration. 
The  university,  founded  in  1705,  had,  in 
1S46,  100  professors,  &  1,099  students. 
Moscow  has  a  large  public  librarj%  an 
observatory,  botanic  garden,  &  numer- 
ous scientific  &  literary  institutions.  It 
is  the  most  industrious  city  of  the  empire, 
&  is  called  the  Manchester  of  Russia.  A 
railway  is  in  progress  to  connect  it  with 
St.  Petersburg.  Moscow,  founded  in  the 
middle  of  the  12th  century,  was  sacked 
by  the  Moguls  in  1233  &  1293.  It  was 
occupied  by  the  French  in  1812. 

MosE,  an  isl.  of  the  Asiatic  archipela- 
go, N.  of  Timor-laut. 

MosEiRAH,  an  isl.  off  the  S.E.  coast  of 
Arabia,  Muscat  dom.  L.  38j  m. ;  br.  15  m. 

Moselle,  a  river  of  N.  Europe,  sepa- 
rates the  duchy  of  Luxembourg  from 
Rhenish  Prussia,  &  joins  the  Rhine.     L. 

265  m. II.  a  frontier  dep.  of  France, 

in  the  N.E.  Area,  2,391  sq.  m.  Surface 
partly  covered  with  contreforts  of  the 
Ardennes  &  Vosges  mntns.     P.  459,684. 

MosHAisK,  a  town  of  Russia.      [Mo- 

JAISK.] 

MosKENEsoE,  the  S.-most  of  the 
Loffoden  islands,  Norway.  L.  15  m., 
br.  8  m. 

MosKONisi,  an  isl.  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia,  in  the  G.  of  Adramyti.  L. 
4^  miles. 

Moskva,  a  river  of  Russia,  traverses 
the  gov.  Moscow,  from  W.  to  E.,  &  joins 
the  Oka.     Total  course  200  miles. 

MosauiTiA,  or  the  Mosqujto  Territ., 
a  marit.  state  of  Central  America,  be- 
tween lat.  10°  40'  &  16°  N.,  &  Ion.  83° 
15'  &  85°  50'  W.,  extending  from-Cape 
Honduras  to  the,  mouth  of  the  river 
San  Juan,  having  W.  the  states  Hon- 
duras &  Nicaragua,  N.  &  E.  the  Carib- 
bean sea  (bays  of  Honduras  &  Mosquitia). 
Principal  rivers,  from  N.  to  S.,  the 
Poyais,  Wauks,  or  Segovia,  Oswastara, 
Escondido,  or  Bluefields,  &  the  San  Juan, 
which  forms  its  S.  boundary.  Principal 
towns  are  Bluefields,  the  cap.,  <fc  San 
Juan  de  Nicaragua. 

Moss,  a  seaport  town  of  Norway,  on  the 
fiord,  a  32  m.  S.  Christiana.      P.  3,132. 

MossAMEDEs,  a  Portuguese  colony  in  i 
S.  Africa,  170  m.  S.  Benguela. 

MossET,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 


dep.   E.  Pyrenees,  5  m.  N.N.W.  Prades. 
P.  1,333. 

MossiNGEN,  a  mkt.  town  of  WUrtem- 
berg,  8  m.  S  W.  Reutlingen.     P.  2,744. 

MossKiRCH,  a  town  of  Baden,  24  m. 
N.  Constance.  P.  1,636.  Here  the 
French,  under  Moreau,  defeated  the  Aus- 

trians,  under  Kray,  5th  May,  1800. 

II.   a  mkt.  town  of  Styria,  10  m.  S.W. 
Gratz. 

Mosso-Santa- Maria,  a  comm.~&  vill. 
of  Piedmont,  18  m.  N.E.  Biella.  P 
2,100. 

MosTAGANEM,  a  towu  of  Algeria,  55 
m.  EN.E.  Oran.  P.  5,092  (Europeans 
2,090). 

MosTAR,  a  walled  city  of  European 
Turkey,  &  the  chief  town  of  Herzego- 
vina, on  the  Narenta.     P.  7,300. 

Mostyn,  a  tnshp.  of  N.  Wales,  co. 
Flint.    P.  2,091. 

Mosul,  a  pash.  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
comprising  most  part  of  Turkish  Kurdis- 
tan. Surface  mntnous.,  especially  in  the 
N.  &  E.  Principal  rivers,  the  Tigris,  & 
its  afiiis.,  the  Great  &  Little  Zab,  &  the 
Khabnr.  Besides  Mosul,  the  cap.,  it 
comprises  the  town  Arbil  (Arbela),  & 
the  ruined  Al-Hadhr. — Mosul,  or  Mous- 
soul,  the  cap.  pash.,  is  215  m.  N.N.W. 
Bagdad,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Tigris, 
here  300  feet  in  width,  &  crossed  by  a 
bridge  of  boats,  opposite  the  ruins  of 
Nineveh.     P.  45,000. 

Mosulla.  a  town  of  Persia,  35  m.  W. 
Resht.     P.  2,000. 

Mosur,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland. — 
Moszyn  is  a  small  town  of  Prussian  Po- 
land, 12  m.  SS.W.  Posen.     P.  925. 

Mota  del  Cuervo,  a  modern  town  of 
Spain,  48  m.  S.S.W.  Cuenca.     P.  3,712. 

Motagua,  a  river  of  Central  Ameri- 
ca, states  Guatemala  &  Honduras. 

MoTALAj  a  mkt.  town  of  Sweden,  23 
m.  W.N.W.  Linkoping.     P.  2,000. 

Moths  (La),  several  comms.  &  vills. 

of   France. 1.    (Fenelon),    dep.    Lot. 

■ II.  (Monravel),  dep.  &  on  th#Dor- 

dogne,  21   m.  W.  Bergerac. III.  (St. 

Heray),  dep.  Deux-Sevres. 

MoTHERBANK,  off  the  S.  coast  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Hants. 

Motiers-Travers,  a  vill.  of  Switzer- 
land, 16  m.  W.S.W.  Neuchatel. 

MoTiLLA  DEL  Palancan,  a  town  of 
Spain,  39  m.  S.S.B.  Cuenca.    P.  2,890. 

MoTiR,  a  small  island  of  the  Moluccas, 
Asiat.  archip. 

MoTOLA,  a  walled  town  of  Naples,'  16 
m.  N.W.  Taranto.     P.  2,500. 

MoTRico,  a  town  of  Spain,  20  m.  N.E. 
Bilbao.     P.  2,590. 


522 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[mou 


MoTRiL,  a  town  of  Spain,  35  m.  S.S.E. 
Granada.     P.  12,690. 

MoTSKi,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  167 
ni.  S.S.W.  Voroniej.     P.  1,800. 

MoTTA,  several  market  towns  of  Italy. 

1,   {del  FriuU),   Austrian   Italy,  20 

m.  N.E.  Treviso. II.  {Santa  Lucia), 

Naples,  9  miles  N.N.W.  Nicastro.  P. 
3,000. 

MoTTAFERNO,  a  town  of  Sicily,  4  m. 
N.W.  Mistretta.     P.  2,000. 

MoTTE  (La),  numerous  comms.  &  mkt. 

towns  of  France,  the  principal  being 

I.  dep.  COtes-du-Nord,  5  m.  N.  Loudeac. 

P.  3,206. II.  {St.  Jean),  dep.  SaOne- 

et-Loire,  15  m.  W.IS.W.  Charolles.  P. 
2,000 

Motte-Servollex,  a  vill.  of  Savoy, 

4  m.  N.W.  Chambery.      P.  3,711. 
Mottling,  a  small  town  of  Illyria,  on 

the  Kulpa,  13  m.  S.S.E.  Neustadtl.     P. 
1,000. 
MoTziNGEN,    a  vill.  of  Wlirtemberg, 

5  m.  S.AV.  Ilerrenberg.     P.  1,028. 
MouAB,  a  t.  of  Arabia,  Yemen,  60  m. 

E.S.E.  Sana. 

MoucHAMPs,  a  eomm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  on  the  little  Leay,  dep.  Vendee. 
P.  2,186. 

MouDANiA,  a  large  straggling  vilL^ 
Asia- Minor,  Anatolia,  on  the  sea  of  Mar- 
mora. 

MouDON,  a  small  town  of  Switzer- 
land, 14  m.  N.N.E,  Lausanne.    P.  1,400. 

MouKDEN,  a  city  of  Manohooria,  on 
an  eminence,  about  380  m.  N.E.  Peking. 
It  was  the  last  residence  of  the  Manchoo 
sovereigns,  before  their  conquest  of 
China. 

MouLE  (Le),  a  town  of  the  French 
colony  of  Guadeloupe,  with  a  port  on  the 
N.E.  coast  of  Grande  Terre.     P.  10,021. 

MouLiNs  (LesI,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Nord.     P.  4,317. 

MounNs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
cap.  dep.  Alher.  P.  14,794.  It  has  2 
large    squares    adorned  with   handsome 

fountains. II.   Moulins  Engilberi,  a 

comm.  &  town,  dep.  Nievre,  on  the  Gaza, 
30  m.  E.  Nevers.     P.  1,542. 

MouLTON,  p-v-,  cap.  Lawrence  co. 
Ala. 

MouLTONBOROCJGH,  t.,  Carroll  co.  N.H. 
P.  1,752. 

Mount  Carmel,  p-v.,  cap.  Wabash  co. 
111.     P.  1,200. 

Mount  Clemens,  p-v.,  cap.  Macomb 
CO.  Mich. 

MocNT  Desert,  isl.,  Me.  L.  15  m. ; 
br.  12  m.  It  has  several  good  harbors. 
-II.  t.,  Hancock  co.  Me.     P.  1,887. 

Mount  Edgecumbe,  Engl.,  co.  Corn- 


wall,  is   a  hilly  promontory. II.    a 

mntn.  of  New   Zealand,    N.   isl.,    about 
10,000  feet  above  the  sea. 

Mount  Holly,  t.,  Rulland  co.  Vt.     P. 

1,356. II.    p-v.,  cap.  Burlington  co. 

N.  J.     P.  1,000. 

Mount  Hope,  p-t.,  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  1,512. II.  bay,  R.  I.  in  the  N.E. 

part  of  Narragansett  bay. III.  hill, 

Bristol,   R.  I.     It  was  the  residence  of 
King  Philip. 

Mount  Joy,  t.,    Adams   co.  Pa.     P, 

1,031. II.  p-t.,  Lancaster  CO.  Pa.     P. 

2,375. 

Mount-Leinster,  a  mntn.  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  co.  Carlow,  2,610  feet  elev. 

Mount  Marcy,  highest  peak  of  the 
Adirondack  mountain,  Essex  co.  N.  Y 
Elev.,  5,467  feet. 

Mount-Mellick,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ire- 
land, Leinster,  6  m.  N.W.  Maryborough. 
P.  4,755. 

Mount  MifcHELL,  the  loftiest  summit 
of  the  Darling  Downs,  E.  Australia. 

Mount  Morris,  p-t.,  Livingston  co. 
N.Y.     P.  4,531. 

Mount  of  Olives,  a  celebrated  hill  of 
Palestine,  immediately  E.  Jerusalem. 

Mount  Pleasant,  t.,  Westchester  co. 

N.  Y.    P.  3,323. II.  t.,  Adams  eo.  Pa. 

P.  1,588. III.  p-t.,  AVestmoreland  co. 

Pa.     P.  2,123. IV.  t.,  Wayne  co.  Pa. 

P.    1,359. V.  t.,  Washington  co.  Pa. 

P.  1,203. VL  p-t.,  Jefferson  CO.  N.  Y. 

P.  1,667. VII.  p-v.,  cap.  Harlan  co. 

Ky. VIII.   p-v.,   cap.  Martin  co.  la. 

IX.   p-v.,  cap.  Henry  co.  Iowa.     P. 

500. 

Mountrath,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  Queen's  co.     P.  3,000. 

Mount's  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic, 
extreme  S.W.  coast  of  Engl.,  co.  Corn- 
wall. 

Mount  Seward,  mntns.,  a  group  of 
the  Adirondack  mountains,  Franklin  co. 
N.  Y.,  4,000  feet  high. 

Mount-Sorrel,  a  mkt.  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Leicester. 

Mount  Sterling,  p-v.,  &  cap.  Mont- 
gomery CO.  Ky.    P.  600. II.  p-v.,  cap. 

Brown  co.  111. 

Mount  Tom  is  near  Northampton, 
Mass. 

Mount  Vernon,  t.,  Kennebec  co.  Me. 
P.  1,475. 

Mount  Vernon,  Va.,  6  m.  below"  Alex- 
andria, on  the  Potomac,  was  the  seat  of 

George  Washington. II.   p-v.,    cap. 

Montgomery  co.  Ga. III.   p-v.,  cap. 

St.   Frances  co.  Ark. IV.    p-.,   cap.  <g 

Rockcastle    co.     Ky. V.    p-v.,    cap. 

Knox  CO.  0. VI.  p-v.,  cap.  Pcsey  co. 


MUC] 


Universal  gazetteer. 


523 


la.     P.  1,000. VII.  p-v.,  cap.   Jeflfer- 

son  CO.  111. 

MouKA  &  MouRAO,  two  towns  of  Por- 
tugal, both  near  theGuadiana. 1.    32 

m.  S.S.E.  Evora,  ivith  4,000  inhabs. 

II.  29  m.  S.E.  Evora.     P.  2,200. 

JVIouRA,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  Rio 
Negro,  47  AV.N.W.  Airao. 

MouKiES,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  B.-du-Rhune,  6  m.  S.S.E.  St.  Remy. 
P.  1,850. 

MouROM,  a  town  of  Russia,  72  m.  S.E. 
Vladimir,  on  the  Oka.     P.  6,000. 

MouROux,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Marne,  2  m.  W.N.W.  Cou- 
lommiers.     P.  2,010. 

MouRzuK,  a  city  of  Africa,"  cap.  of 
Fezzan.     P.  3,500. 

MouscRON,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  near 
Menin. 

MousTiERs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Alpes,  16  m.  S.  Digne.    P.  1,725. 

MouT,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor,  on  the 
Ghieuk,  22  m.  N.W.  Selefkeh,  on  the 
route  from  Karaman. 

MouTApiLLY,  a  marit.  town  of  British 
India,  42  m-.  S.  Guntoor. 

MouTiERs,  a  town  of  Savoy,  on  the 
Isere,    30   E.SE.    Chambery.     P.   2,330. 

II.  Grandval,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland, 

24  m.  N.  Bern. 

MouvEAUx,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Nord,  7  m.  N.E.  Lille.     P.  2,149. 

Moux,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Nievre,  13  m.  N.E.  Chateau-Chinon.  P. 
1,570. 

MouY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Oise,  13  m.  S.E.  Beauvais.  P. 
2,232. 

MouzANGAYE,  a  marit.  town  of  Mada- 
gascar. 

MouzAY,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Meuse,  9  m.  W.S.W.  Montmedy.  P. 
1,810. 

MouzON,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ardennes,  9  m.  S.E.  Sedan.  P. 
1,835. 

MoviLLE,  a  small  mkt.  town  of  Ireld., 
Ulster,  CO.  Donegal,  on  Lough  Foyle,  18 
m.  N.N.E.  Londonderry.-  P.  6,016. 

MowAH,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Bengal,  37  m.  E.  Patna. II.  a  fron- 
tier vill.,  70  m.  N.E.  Jeypoor 

MowEE,  one  of  the  Sandwich  islands. 
Pacific  ocean,  20  m.  N.W.  Hawaii.  L. 
40  m. ;  gr.  br.  25  m.  Area,  620  sq.  m. 
P.  24,199. 

MowNA  Kaa  &  MowNA  RoA,  two 
volcanoes  of  Hawaii. 

Moxos,  a  subdivision  of  Bolivia,  in  its 
N.  part. 

MoY,  a  river  of  Ireland.     L.  40  m. 


MoYA,  two  towns  of  Spain. 1.  30 

m.   N.   Barcelona.     P.   2,649. II.  42 

m.  E.S.E.  Cuenca.     P.  1,396. 

MoYAMENSiNG,  t ,  Philada.  co.  Pa. 

MoYENMOUTiER,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Vosges,  6  m.  N.  St.  Diey. 
P.  2,210. — Moyenneville  is  a  vill.,  dep. 
Somme,  4  m.  S.W.  Abbeville.     P.  1,100. 

MoYENVic,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Meurthe,  4  m.  S.E.  Chateau.  Salins. 
P.  1,321. 

MoYEuvRE  LA  Grande,  a  comm.  & 
town  of  France,  dep.  Moselle,  on  the 
Orne,  9  m.  S.W.  ThionviUe.     P.  1,532. 

Mozambique,  the  principal  of  the  Por- 
tuguese colonial  possessions,  on  the  main- 
land of  Africa.  Area  of  the  territory 
actually  under  the  Portuguese  estimated 
at  59,600  sq.  m.,  &  p.  at  280,610.  Sur- 
face level  near  the  coast,  but  it  is  mntns. 
inland.  Principal  river,  the  Zambezi. 
The  slave  trade  is  still  rife  in  this  region 
in  spite  of  the  measures  of  the  Portu- 
guese authorities,  &  in  fact  slaves  consti- 
tute its  chief  exports. 

Mozambique,  a  marit.  city,  &  the  cap. 
of  the  Portuguese  possessions  in  E.  Afri- 
ca, on  an  island  at  the  entrance  of  Mesa- 
ril  bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Mozambique 
channel,  5^  m.  broad,  &  6  m.  in  length, 
Mozambique  island,  in  lat.  15°  2'  S., 
Ion.  40°  48'  E.,  is  about  IJ  m.  in  length, 
low,  &  of  coral  formation ;  on  it  is  the 
city,  capable  of  being  rendered  very 
strong. 

Mozambique  Channel,  a  strait  of  the 
Indian  ocean,  separating  Madagascar 
from  the  mainland  of  E.  Africa.  L. 
1,000  m.,  br.  250  m.  in  its  centre,  to  600 
m.  at  each  outlet. 

MozDOK,  a  town  &  fortress  of  S.Russia, 
on  the  Terek,  168  m.  S.E.  Stavropol.  P. 
3,000. 

MoziR.  a  town  of  Russia,  146  m.  S.E. 
Minsk.     P.  3,000. 

Mrin,  a  market  town  of  Russia,  28  m. 
S.S.E.  Tchernigov,  on  the  Oster.  P. 
1,800. 

Mroczen,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
19  m.  W.N.W.  Bromberg.     P.  1,380. 

MscHiT,  a  town  of  Georgia,  on  the 
Kur,  10  m.  N.W.  Teflis. 

MsENO,  or  Mscheno,  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  13  m.  W.  Jungbunzlau.  P. 
1,814. 

MsTA,  a  river  of  Russia.     L.  250  m. 

MsTiSLAVL,  a  town  of  Russia,  54  m. 
E.N.E.  Moghilev,  on  the  Soj.     P.  4,300. 

Mtskheti,  a  town  of  Georgia,  10  m. 
N.N.W.  Teflis. 

MucHAMiEL,  a  town  of  Spain,  7  m. 
N.E.  Alicante.     P.  3,654. 


524 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[mun 


MtrcK,  an  isl.  of  the  Hebrides,  Scotl. 
L.  2  m.     P.  68. 

MucKisH,  a  mntn.  of  Irel.,  Ulster,  co. 
Donegal,  5  m.  S.  Dunfanaghy. 

MucKRANA,  a  town  of  N.W.  Hindos- 
tan,  35  m.  N.W.  Ajmere. 

MircKEOss,  a  peninsula  of  Ireland, 
Munster. 

Muddy  Creek,  t.,  Butler  co.  Pa.  P. 
1,998. 

Muddy  r.,  Ky.,  afflu.  of  Green. 

MiJGELN,  a  town  of  Saxony,  29  m. 
E.S.E.  Leipzig.     P.  2,265. 

MiJGLiTz,  a  town  of  Moravia,  19  m. 
N.W.  Olmiitz,  on  rt,  b.  of  the  March.  P. 
4,000. 

MuGNANO,  a  town  of  JSTaples,  5  m. 
N.N.W.  Naples.     P.  3,000. 

McTGRON,  a  comni.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Landes,  -9  m.  W.  St.  Sever.  P. 
2,450. 

MuHALiTCH,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia,  13  m.  S.  the  sea  of  Marmora,  37- 
m.  W.  Brusa.     P.  11,000. 

McJHLBAcH,  t.  of  Germany,  Prussia, 
40  m.  E.S.E.  Frankfiirt-on-Oder. 

MiJHLBERG,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony,  53   m.  E.    Merseburg.       P.   3,320. 

. -II.  a  vill.,  11  m.  S.W.  Erfurt.     P. 

1,345. 

MiJHLDORF,  ^  town  of  tTpper  Bavaria, 
45  m.  E.N.E.  Miinchen.     P.  1,590. 

MuHLENBACH,  a  town  of  Transylvania, 
Saxon-land,  cap.  circ,  29  m.  W.N.W. 
Hermannstadt.     P.  4,200. 

MuHLENBURG,  E.  CO.  Ky.  Area,  490 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Greenville.     P.  9,060. 

MiJHLHAUSEN,  Several  towns  of  Ger- 
many.  1.    Prussian    Saxony,    30    m. 

N.W.  Erfurt,  cap.  circ,  on  the  Unstrut. 

P.  13,000. II.   E.  Prussia,   reg.  &  49 

m.  S.W.  Konigsberg.     P.  1,600. III. 

(Boh.  Milirzko),  Bohemia,  circ.  &  15  m. 
W.N.W.  Tabor.     P.  2,194. 

MiJHLTRUFF,  a  town  of  Saxony,  10  m. 
W.N.W.  Plauen.     P.  1,702. 

MuHRiNGEN,  a  vill.  of  Wiirtemberg, 
9  m.  S.W.  Rotenburg.     P.  1,080. 

MuiDEN,  a  fortified  town  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, 8  m.  E.S.E.  Amsterdam.  P. 
1,650. — Muiderberg  is  a  village  2  m.  E. 
Muiden. 

MuiLREA,  a  mntn.  range  of  Ireland, 
Connaught,  co.  Mayo.    Elev.  2,688  ft. 

MuiRKiRK,  a  large  vill.  of  Scotl.,  co. 
&  21  m.  E.N.E.  Ayr. 

MuKER,  a  market  town  of  England,  co. 
York,  N.  Riding.     P.  1,241. 

MuKHMAs,  a  consid.  &  flourishing  vill. 
of  Palestine,  7  m.  E.N.E.  Jerusalem. 

MuKTUL,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  S.W. 
Hyderabad. 


MuLA,  a  town  of  Spain,  20  m.  W. 
Murcia.     P.  6,228. 

Mulberry,  r.,  Ala.,  br.  of  Black  War- 
rior. 

MuLDE,  a  river  of  Snxony,  Prussia  & 
Anhalt-Dessau,  joins  the  Elbe  on  1.  L. 
130  m. 

Mulgrave  Archipelago,  Pacific  0., 
comnrises  various  groups  betw.  lat.  3°  S. 
&  12°  N.,  &  Ion.  160°  &  177°  E.,  includ- 
ing the  Radack,  Ralick,  Piscadores,  Mar- 
shall, &  Mulgrave  isls. —  Cape  Mulgrave, 
Russian  Amer.,  N.  of  Kotzebue  sound. 

MuLHAUSEN,  a  comm.  &  important 
mauuf.  town  of  France,  dep.  H.  Rhin, 
cap.  cant.,  on  the  111,  10  m.  N.N.E.  Alt- 
kirch.  P.  28,715.  It  is  divided  into  an 
old  &  new  town,  the  former  on  an  island 
formed  by  a  division  of  the  river. 

MiJLHEiM,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 

16  m.    N.E.  Diisseldorf.     P.  9,760. 

II.  a  town,  4  m.  N.E.  Cologne,  on  the 
Rhine.     P.  5,240. 

MuLK,  a  vill.  of  Asia- Minor,  Anatolia, 
62  m.  S.W.  Angora. 

MuLKApooR,  a  fortified  town  of  India, 
84  m.  W.S.W.  EUichpoor. 

MuLL,  one  of  the  largest  of  the  Hebrides 
isls.,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Scotl.,  co.  Argyle. 
L.  30  m. ;  br.  25  m.  p.  18,118.— The 
sound  of  Mull,  18  m.  in  length,  av.  br. 
2  m. 

MuLLANGUR,  a  towu  of  India,  Decean, 
88  m.  N.E.  Hyderabad. 

Mullet,  a  peninsula  of  the  W.  coast 
of  Ireland,  Connaught,  co.  Mayo. 

MuLLHEiM,  a  town  of  Baden,  18  m. 
S.W.  Freiburg.     P.  2,592. 

MuLncA,  t.,  Atlantic  co.  N.  J.  P. 
1,056. 

MuLLicAs,  r.,  N.  J.,  boundary  between 
Atlantic  &  Burlington  cos. 

MuLLiGAUM,  a  town  of  British  India, 
160  m.  N.E.  Bombay. 

MuLUNGAR,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  50  m.  W.N.W.  Dublin.  P.  4,569. 
It  is  well  built,  except  in  suburbs. 

MuLLROSE,  a  town  of  Prussia,  10  m. 
S.W.  Frankfurt.     P.  1,830. 

MuLEOY  Bay,  a  deep,  sinuous  inlet  of 
the  Atlantic,  N.  coast  of  Ireland,  Ulster, 
CO.  Donegal.    L.  12  m. ;  av.  br.  1  m. 

MiJLSEN,  two  contiguous  vills.  of  Sax- 
ony, circ.  Zwickau. 1.  {St.  Jacob).    P. 

3,149. II.  (St.  Niklas).     P.  2,055. 

MuLTONA  Springs,  a  watering-place, 
Atlala  CO.  Miss. 

Mumbles  Head, Wales,  co. Glamorgan, 
bounds  Swansea  bay  on  the  W. 

MuNAssA,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan, 
97  m.  E.  Odeypoor.     1,000  dwellings. 

MiJNCHBERG,  two  towus  of  Germany. 


'.? 


mdn] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


525 


1.  Bavaria,  circ.  Upp.  Franconia,  19 

m.  N.lSf.E.  Beyreuth.    P.  2,260. II.  a 

town  of  Prussia,  21  m.  N.W.  Frankfiirt, 
on  the  Oder.     P.  1,580. 

MiJNCHENBERNSDORF,   a    mlit.  tOWH  of 

Germany,  Saxe- Weimar,  8  m.  W.S.W. 
Gera.  P.  1,833. — Munchenbuchsee  is  a 
vill.  of  Switzerland,  5  m.  N.  Bern;  P. 
2,216. 

MuNCHBNGEATz,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
on  the  Iser.     P.  3,000. 

MuNCHiNGEN,  a  market  town  of  "Wiir- 
temherg,  7  m.  N.W.  Stuttgart.  P.  1,428. 
— Miinckiceiler  is  a  vill.  of  Rhenish 
Bavaria^  18  m.  N.E.  Deus-Ponts,  &  a 
vill.  of  Switzerland. 

MuNCY  Cheek,  t.,  Lycoming  co.  Pa. 
P.  1,166. 

MuNCYTOWN,  p-T.,  cap.  Delaware  co. 
la.     P.  2,500. 

MuNDACA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Spain,  13 
m.  N.E.  Bilbao,  with  a  small  port.  P. 
1,728. 

MUNDATTA,  &  MUNDAWDL,  tWO  tOWnS 

of  India,  prov.  Malwah. 

MuNDEAH,  a  t6wn  of  India,  Cutch,  25 
m.  E.  Mandavee. 

MuNDELSHEiM,  a  mkt.  town  of  Wiir- 
teaiberg,  circ.  Neckar,  9  m.  S.  Heilbronn. 

MiJNDEN,  a  town  of  Germany, Hanover, 
15  m.  W.S.W.  Gottingen.     P.  4,001. 

MiJNDER,  a  town  of  Hanover,  en  the 
Hamel,  22  m.  W.N.W.  Hildesheim.  P. 
1,996. 

MuNDERKiNGEN,  an  ancient  walled 
town  of  Wiirtemberg,  5  m.  S.W.  Ehingen. 
P.  2,000. 

MuNDEssoR,  a  town  of  India,  75  m. 
N.W.  Oojein. 

MuNDi,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  120  m. 
E.  Amritsir. 

MuNDLAH,  a  town  &  fort  of  British 
India.  " 

MuNERA,  a  market  town  of  Spain,  31 
m.  W.N.W.  Albaoete.     P.  2,690. 

MuNEViLi.E-LE-BiNGARD,  a  comm.  & 
vill.  of  France,  dep.  Manche.    P.  1,500. 

MuMFORDSviLLE,  p-v.,  cap.  Hart  co. 
Kv.     P.  300. 

MuNGASHT,  a  strong  fortress  of  Persia, 
.  70  m.  S.E.  Shuster. 

MuNGHuR,  a  walled  town  of  W.  Hin- 
rlostan,  Odeypoor  dom.,  with  4,000  inhab. 

MtrNGULGHEEBE,  a  town  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Madras,  12  m.  N.E.  Guntoor. 

jMungulhaut,  a  eonsid.  town  of  British 
India,  18  m.  N.  Rungpoor. 

MuNGULWARA,  a  walled  town  of  India, 
50  m.  N.N.W.  Bejapoor. 

Munich,  the  cap.  city  of  Bavaria,  S. 
Germany,  225  m.  W.  Vienna.  P.  94,830. 
It  is  finely  situated  in  a  plain,  &  within 


the  present  century,  its  extent  has  been 
doubled  by  the  addition  of  new  quarters 
&  suburbs  around  the  walled  city  ;  it  has 
a  handsome  &  lively  general  appearance. 
— Max-Josej)hs-Platz  is  one  of  the  finest 
squares  in  Europe.  On  its  W.  &  N.  sides 
are  most  of  its  principal  structures  ;  these 
comprise  the  new  Pinacotheca  &  Glyp- 
totheca,  or  museums  of  painting  &  ancient 
sculpture,  rich  in  choice  works  of  art,  the 
former  containing  300,000  engravings. 
In  one  square  is  an  obelisk  100  feet  in 
height,  partly  formed  of  cannon  taken 
by  the  Bavarians,  &  in  another  is  an 
equestrian  statue  by  Thorwaldsen  of  the 
elector  Max.  I.  The  university  removed 
from  Landshut  in  1826,  had,  in  1847,  76 
professors  &  1,471  students,  a  library  of 
200,000  vols.,  &  400  MSS.,  &  attached  to 
it  2  colleges,  &  philological  &  theological 
schools,  a  polytechnic,  &  numerous  other 
schools  of  art  &  science.  The  royal 
library  occupying  a  stately  new  building, 
was  said  to  have,  in  1846,  600,000  printed 
vols.,  &  18,600  MSS.  Here  is  also  the 
Brazilian  collection,  made  by  Spix  & 
Von  Martins.  In  a  meadow  to  the  W.  is 
the  colossal  bronze  statue  of  Bavaria,  by 
Sehwanthaler,  84  ft.  high.  Near  it  is  the 
"  Hall  of  Fame."       ' 

MuNiPOOR,    an  independent  state   of 

Further  India. II.  the  cap.  town  of 

this  dom. 

MuNiLLA,  a  town  of  Spain,  28  miles 
S.S.E.  Logroiio.     P.  1,817. 

MuNKAcs,  a  market  town  of  E.  Hun- 
gary, on  the  Latorcza,  80  m.  N.E.  De- 
breozin.     P.  3,223. 

MuNLOCHY,  a  fishing  vill.  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Ross,  on  an  inlet  of  Moray  firth,  13 
m.  S.W.  Cromarty. 

MiJNNERSTADT,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Lauer,  35  m.  N.N.E.  Wiirtzberg. 
P.  1,579. 

MiJNSiNGEN,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 

23  m.  W.  Ulm.     P.  1,600. II.   a  vill. 

of  Switzerland,  7  m.  S.E.  Bern. 

MuNsON,  p-t-i  Geauga  co.  0.    P.  1,263. 

MuNSTER,  the  most  S.  &  largest  of  the 
four  provs.  of  Ireland.  P.  2,396,161. 
Surface  highly  diversified. 

MtJNSTER,  a  city  of  Germany,  cap. 
Prussian  Westphalia,  on  the  Aa,  an  affl. 
of  the  Ems.  P.  23,900.  It  is  surrounded 
hy  walls,  entei'ed  by  8  gates,  &  has  a  Go- 
thic cathedral.- II.  a  coram.  &  town 

of  France,  dep.   H.  Rhin,  10  m.  W.S.W. 
Colmar.     P.  3,626. 

MuNSTEREERG,  a  towu  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, 35  m.  S.  Breslau.     P.  4,000. 

MiJNSTEREIFEL&  MiJNSTER-MAYFELD, 

two  towns  of  Rhenish  Prussia. 1.  21 


r-'- " 


S26 


CYCLOPEDIA   OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[mus 


m.  S.S.W.  Cologne.    P.  1,570. II.  8 

m.  S.W.  Coblentz.    P.  1,650. 

MuNSTERTHAL,  two  valleys  of  Switzer- 
land, one  in  the  cant.  Grisons,  the  other 
in  the  N.E.  part  of  the  cant.  Bern. 

MuNTOK,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of 
the  isl.  Banca,  cap.  of  a  Dutoh  resid., 
'On  the  S.W.  coast. 

MuNZENBERG,  a  town  of  Germany,  10 
m.  S.E.  Giessen. 

MuNZESHEiM,  a  vill.  of  Baden,  on  the 
Kreich.     P.  1,145. 

MuoNio,  a  river  of  Russian  Lapland, 
joins  the  Torneariv.     L.  150  m. 

MuoTTA,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  6  m. 
E.S.E.  Schwytz.' 

MuR,  a  river  of  the  Austrian  empire. 
L. 230  m. 

MuR,  two  comms.  &  towns  of  France. 

1,  dep.  Cutes-du-Nord,  10  m.  W.N.W. 

Loudeae.    P.  2,280. II.  dep.  Aveyron, 

with  1,660  inhabs. 

MuRAD-cHAi,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, &  the  E.  branch  of  the  Euphrates. 
L.  85  m. 

MuRAFA,  a  market  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  37  m.  N".  Jampol.     P.  1,800. 

MuRANO,  an  island  &  town  of  Aus- 
trian Italy,  1  m.  N.  Venice.  . 

MuRASHKiNO,  a  market  town  of  Rus- 
sia, 40  m.  S.S.E.  Nijnii-Novgorod.  P. 
6,000. 

MuRAssoN,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Aveyron,  14  m.  S.S.W. 
St.  Affrique.     P.  2,631. 

MuRAT,  two  comms.  &  to^vns  of  France, 

1,  dep.  Cantal,  24  N.W.  Aurillac.  P. 

2,394. II.  dep.  Tarn,  30  m.  E.  Cas- 

tres.     P.  2,800. 

MuRAU,  a  town  of  Styria,  on  the  Mur, 
23  m.  W.  Judenburg.     P.  1,200. 

MuRAzzANO,  a  market  town  of  Pied- 
mont, 11  m.  N.B.  Mondovi.     P.  2,257. 

MuRCHAKHOv,  a  large  vill.  of  Persia, 
35  m.  N.N.W.  Ispahan. 

MuRciA,  an  old  kingdom  of  Spain  in 
the  S.E.  on  the  Mediterranean. — Murcia, 
the  cap.,  is  situated  in  a  rich  irrigated 
tract  on  the  Segura,  28  m.  N.N.W.  Car- 
tagena.    P.  43,487. 

Mur  de  Barrez,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Aveyron,  34  m.  N.N.E.  Ro- 
dez.     P.  1,665. 

Murder  Kill,  hundred,  Kent  co.  Del. 
P.  4,768.  _ 

Mure,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Isere,  19  m.  S.  Grenoble.     P.  ?,333. 

Muret,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Garonne,  10  m.  S.W.  Toulouse. 
P.  2,320. 

M^URFREESBOROUGH,  p-v..  Cap.  Ruther- 
ford CO.  Tenn.    P.  1,500. 


MuRG,  a  river  of  S.  Germany,  Wiir- 

temberg  &  Bade%  joins  the  Rhine. 

II.  a  river  of  Switzerland,  joins  the  Thur. 

III.  a  vill.  of  Baden,  33  m.  S.  Frey- 

burg.     P.  1,000. 

MuRi,  two  vills.  of  Switzerland. 1. 

cant.  &  2  m.  S.E.  Bern.^ II.  cant.  Aar- 

gau,  18  m.  S.E.  Aarau.     P.  1,900. 

MuRiALDo,  a  town  of  Italy,  4§  miles 
S.S.W.  Millesimo.     P.  2,500. 

MiJRiTZ  Lake,  a  lake  of  N.  Germany, 
Meeklenb.-Schwerin.     L.  19  m. 

MuRNAu,  a  market  town  of  Upper  Ba- 
varia, 38  m.  S  S.W.  Munich.      P.  1,500. 

MuRO,   a  town  of  Naples,  19  m.  N.W. 

Potenza.     P.  2,000. II.  a  vill.,  8  m. 

W.S.W.   Otranto.      P.    1,600. IIL    a 

market  town  of  Spain.     P.  2,786. IV. 

a  town  of  the  island  Majorca,  25  m.  N.E. 
Palma.     P.  2,300. 

MuROM,  a  town  of  Russia,  70  m.  E.S.E. 
Vladimir,  cap.  circ,  on  the  Oka.  P.  6,500. 

MuROs,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Coruna, 
30  m.  W.S.W.  Santiago.     P.  3,912. 

Murphy,  p-v.,  cap.  Cherokee  co.  N.  C. 

Murray  is  the  principal  river  hitherto 
discovered  in  Australia.  It  is  navigable 
in  a  great  part  of  its  extent,  &■  in  its  lower 
part  is  a  noble  river,  but  its  mouth  is  too 

shallow  to  be  entered  by  large  ships. • 

II.  N.W.  CO.  Ga.    Area,  650  sq.  m.    Cap. 

Spring  Place.     P.    14,433. III.   p-t., 

Orleans  co.Vt.  P.  2,675. — Murray  Sound 
4-  Harbor  are  amongst  the  Amherst  isls., 
off  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Corea;  &  Mur- 
ray isls.,  a  group  in  Torres  strait,  lat. 
9°  56'  S.,  Ion.  144°  5'  E. 

Murhhardt,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
24  m.  N.E.  Stuttgart.    P.  2,400. 

Murs,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Maine-et-Loire,  5  m.  S.  Angers.  P. 
1,700. 

Murviedro,  a  fortified  town  of  Spain, 
14  m.  N.N.E.  Valencia,  on  the  Canales, 
3  miles  from  the'  Mediterranean.  P. 
7,476. 

Murviel,  a  comm.  &  town  Of  France, 
dep.  Herault,  8  m.  N.W.  Bezi^res.  P. 
1,740. 

Musa,  a  town  of  Arabia,  Yemen,  20 
m.  N.E.  Mocha.  ^ 

MusBAcH,  a  market  town  of  Rhenish 
Bavaria,  12  m.  W.N.W.  Spires. 

Muscat,  Imamat  of,  an  extensive  & 
powerful  state  of  Arabia,  comprising  the 
E.  portion  of  that  peninsula,  its  author- 
rity  also  extending  over  its  S.E.  coast 
nearly  as  far  as  Aden,  &  over  parts  of  the 
coast  of  Persia  on  the  Persian  gulf,  & 
that  of  E.  Africa  from  the  equator  S.  to 
Cape  Delgado.  Area  &  pop.  not  ascer- 
tained.   The  imaum  has  a  patriarchal 


M¥M] 


UNIVERSAL   GAZETTEER. 


$27 


&  despotic  sway,  &  the  most  efficient  na- 
val force  of  any  native  prince  from  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope  to  Japan. — Muscat 
or  Mascua,  a  fortified  maritime  city  of  E. 
Arabia,  cap.  above  dom.,  on  a  peninsula 
in  the  Arabian  sea,  lat.  23°  37'  N.,  Ion. 
58°  35'  B.  P.  40,000.  (7)  The  harbor  of 
the  city  is  well  sheltered,  &  has  deep 
water.  Muscat  is  the  grand  emporium 
of  E.  Arabia,  &  the  key  to  the  entrance  of 
the  Persian  gulf.  Imports  have  been  es- 
timated at  900,000Z.  in  value  annually. 

MuscATiNO,  a  central  co.  Iowa.  Area, 
440  sq.  m.     P.  5,731. 

MrscozEE,  W.  CO.  Ga.  Area,  410  sq. 
m.    Cap.  Columbus.    P.  18,578. 

Mushed,  a  city  of  N.E.  Persia. — 
Mushed-i- Sir  is  a  maritime  town  of 
Persia,  10  m.  N.  Balfi-ush. 

MusKAu,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
67  m.  W.N.W.  Liegnitz.     P.  2,037. 

MusKEGAT,  island,  Mass^  between 
Nantucket  &  Martha's  Vineyard. 

MusKERRv,  a  mountainous  dist.  of 
Ireland,  Munster.     P.  90,511. 

Muskingum,  a  river,  Ohio,  joins  the 
Ohio  river  at   Marietta,  after  a  navig. 

S.W.  course  of  100  m. II.  S.E.  co.  0. 

Area,   665  sq.  m.     Cap.    Zanesville.     P. 

45,149. III.  p-t.,  Muskingum  co.  0. 

P.  1,252. 

Muso,  a  small  town  of  S.  America, 
New  Granada,  dep.  Boyaca,  65  m.W.S.W. 
Tunja. 

Mus.oNE,  two  small  rivers  of  Italy. 

I.  Austrian  Italy,  enters  the  Venetian 
lagoon,  3  m.  W.  Venice.     L.  35  m. 

II.  Pontif.  sta.,  enters  the  Adriatic  12 
m.  S.E.  Ancona.     L.  35  m. 

MussALA,  a  town  of  W.  Africa,  Sene- 
gambia,  on  the  Senegal,  8  m.  E.  Fort  St. 
Joseph. 

Musselburgh,  a  seaport  town  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  &  6  m.  E.  Edinburgh.  P.  6,115. 
It  stands  on  the  firth  of  Forth,  at  the  es- 
tuary of  the  Esk. 

Mussendom  (Cape),  a  headland  of 
Arabia,  on  an  island  at  the  entrance  of 
the  Persian  gulf.  It  is  an  abrupt  ba- 
saltic rock,  200  feet  above  the  sea. 

MussiDAN,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Dordogne,  19  m.  S.W.  PerigUeux,  on 
the  Isle.     P.  1,800. 

Mussomelli,  a  town  of  Sicily,  19  m. 
"W.N.W.  Caltanisetta.     P.  9,290. 

MussY,  two  comms.  &  vills.  of  France. 

1.  {Sur  Seine),  dep.  Aube.     P.  1,720. 

II.  {sous- Dun),  deTp.  SaOne-et-Loire. 

P.  1,580. 

MusTAPHABAD,  a  Considerable  town 
of  N.W.  Hindostan,  Sikh  territory,  25  m. 
E.S.E.  Umballah. 


MusTAPHA  Pasha,  a  town  of  Europ. 
Turkey,  Rumili,  on  the  Maritza,  20  m. 

N.W.  Adrianople.    P.  2,000. II.  (Pa- 

lanka),  Rumili,  on  the  Nissava,  20  m. 
S.E.  Nissa.     P.  2,000. 

MusTUNG,  a  town  of  W.  India,  Beloo- 
chistan,  prov.  Sarawan,  7  m.  N.E.  Kelat, 
consisting  of  about  400  houses. 

MuTEODU,  a  town  of  S.  India,  40  m. 
W.S.W.  Chittledroog. 

MuTHVEY,  three  small  rivers  of  "Wales.' 

MuTOVA,  one  of  the  Kurile  islands,  in 
the  N.  Pacific  ocean.     L.  20  m. 

MuTSHEN,  or  MuTzscHEN,  a  town  of 
Saxony,  22  m.  E.S.E.  Leipzig.     P.  1,522. 

MuTSHKOVo,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia, 
22  m.  N.  Staritza.     P.  2,100. 

MuTTERSHOLZ,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  B.  Rhin,  on  the  111.  P. 
1,980. 

MuTTERSTADT,  a  mkt.  town  of  Rhe- 
nish Bavaria,  &  S.W.  Mannheim.  P. 
2,700. 

Mutton  Island,  a  fortified  islet  in 
Galway  bay,  Irel.,  Connaught. 

MuTTRA,  a  populous  town  of  E.  Ara- 
bia, 3  m.  S.W.  Muscat. 

MuTziG,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Rhin,  13  m.  W.S.W.  Strasbourg. 
P.  3,564. 

MuziLLAc,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Morbihan,  14  m.  S.E.Van- 
nes.    P.  1,213. 

MUZUFFERNUGGER,    a    pOpuloUS    tOWQ 

of  British  India,  44  m.  S.  Seharunpoor. 
— Muzufurpoor  is  a  town,  prov.  Bahar, 
35  ra.  N.N.E.  Patna. 

Myaconda,  a  town  &  fort  of  India, 
22  m.  W.N.W.  Chittledroog.— ikfyer,  or 
Myhur,  is  a  large  &  meanly  built  town, 
40  m.  N.  Chandah. 

Myan-aong,  a  decayed  town  of  the 
Burmese  dom.,  38  m.  S.S.E.  Prome. 

Mycen^e,  a  ruined  city  of  Greece,  5 
m.  N.N.E.  Argos,  near  the  vill.  Krabata. 

Mycone,  an  island  of  the  Grecian  ar- 
chipelago, gov.  Syra,  among  the  N.  Cy- 
clades,  5  m.  S.E.  Tinos.  Area,  45  sq.m. 
P.  6,000,  of  whom  about  5,000  are  in  the 
town  Mycone,  on  its  W.  side. 

Mydrecht,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
14  m.  N.N.W.  Utrecht.     P.  2,359. 

Mylau,  or  MuHLAu,  a  town  of  Saxonv, 
10  m.  N  N.E.  Plauen.     P.  2,611. 

.  Mylos,  a  vill.  of  Greece,  Morea,  gov. 
&  4|  m.  S.  Argos. 

Mymunsingh,  a  dist.  of  British  India, 
intersected  by  the  Brahmaputra  &  several 
of  its  arms.  Area,  upwards  of  5,000  sq.  m. 
P.  1,624,183.  Soil  very  fertile.— ikfy?7iurt- 
singh,  the  chief  town,  is  on  the  Brahma- 
putra, rt.  b.,  84  m.  N.N.W-  Dacca. 


528 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[nag 


Myo,  a  small  island  of  the  Asiatic 
archipelago,  between  Celebes  &  Gilolo. 

Myoo,  a  river  of  Aracan,  British  India, 
enters  the  bay  of  Bengal.     L.  110  m. 

Myos  Hormos,  a  port  of  Egypt,  on 
the  Red  sea. 

Myea,  a  decayed  town  of  Asia-Minor, 
on  its  S.  coast. 

Myslenicb-,  a  town,  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia,  cap.  dist.,  on  the  Baba,  18  m.  S. 
Cracow.     P.  2,000. 

Myslowitz,  a  market  town,  Prussian 
Silesia,  on  the  Polish  frontier,  116  m.  S.E. 
Breslau.     P.  2,580. 

Mysol,  an  island  of  the  Asiatic  archip., 
N.  of  Ceram.     L.  50  m.;  br.  15  m. 

Mysore,  a  state  of  S.  India,  subsid.  to 
the  British.  Area,  27,000  sq.  ra.  P. 
3,500,000.  Annual  revenue  estimated  at 
800,000^.  Subsid.  to  the  Anglo-Indian 
army  400  cavalry,  &  4  regiments  of  in- 
fantry are  maintained  for  home  service. 
— Mysore,  a  town  in  the  above  state,  is 
9  m.  S.W.  Seringapatam. 

Mystic  River,  Mass.,  enters  Charles- 
ton bay,  1  m.  N.  Boston. II.  Connect- 
icut, enters  the  Atlantic,  E.  the  Thames. 
On  it,  2  m.  from  its  mouth,  are  Mystic  & 
Mystic  Bridge  vills.,  navigable  thence 
for  vessels  of  400  tons. 

Myszniec,  a  town  of  Poland,  prov. 
Plock. 

Mytichyj  a  vill.  of  Russia,  14  m.  N.E. 
Moscow. 

MzczONOw,  a  town  of  Poland,  27  m. 
S.W.  "Warsaw.     P.  1,050. 

MzENSK,  a  town  of  Russia,  30  m.  N.E. 
Orel,  on  the  Mzena.     P.  6,000. 


N. 


.Naaf,  a  river  of  British  India,  Aracan, 
enters  the  E.  side  of  the  bay  of  Bengal. 
L.  50  m. 

Naaghi,  a  vill.  of  AfFghanistan,  17  m. 
S.W.  Bajour. 

Naaldwyk,  a  vill.  of  Netherlands,  13 
■  m.  W.N.W.  Rotterdam.     P.  3,365. 

Naahden,  a  fortified  town  of  Nether- 
lands, 12  m.  E.S.E-  Amsterdam.  P.  2,590. 

Naas,  a  market  town  of  Ireland,  Lein- 
ster,  CO.  Kildare.     P.  3,471. 

Nab,  a  navigable  river  of  Bavaria, 
joins  the  Danube.     L.  90  m. 

Nabajoa,  a  river  of  Upper  California, 
joins  the  Colorado.     L.  250  m. 

Nabal,  a  maritime  town  of  N.  Africa, 
43  m.  S.E.  Tunis,  on  the  gulf  of  Sidra. 

Nabburg,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Nab.    P.  1,660. 


Nablous,  a  city  of  Palestine,  pash. 
Acre,  &  anciently  the  cap.  of  Samaria,  33 
m.'  N.  Jerusalem.  It  is  long  &  narrow, 
streets  close,  but  houses  lofty,  &  well 
built  of  stone,  with  domed  roofs.  Estim. 
pop.  8,000. 

Nabon,  a  river  of  Persia,  enters  the 
Persian  gulf.     L.  115  m. 

Nachod,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  19  m. 
N.E.  Koniggratz.     P.  2,186. , 

Nackel,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Poland,  18 
m.  W.  Bromberg.     P.  2,138. 

Nacogdoches,  co.,  Texas.     P.  5,193. 

Cap.  Nacogdoches. II.  a  town,  Texas, 

160  m.  N.  Galveston.     P.  1,200. 

Nadaun,  a  town,  Hindostan,  Punjab, 
84  m.  E.N.E.  Amritsir. 

Nadaun,  a  small  town  of  the  Punjab, 
in  the  Jullunder  Doab,  43  m.  N.W.  Be- 
laspoor. 

Nadudvar,  a  market  town,  Hungary, 
CO.  Szabolcs,  21  m.  W.S.W.  Debreczia. 
P.  6,171. — Nadu-orna  i.s  a  market  town 
of  Austrian  Poland,  Galicia,  22  m.  S. 
StanislovTOW. 

Naefels,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  4  m. 
N.  Glarus.  P.  1,900.  It  is  famous  for 
an  action  fought  8th  April,  1388,  between 
1,300  Swiss  &  6,000  Austrian  troops, 
which  latter  were  totally  defeated. 

Nagamangalum,  a  fortified  town  of 
India,  Deccan,  Mysore  dom.,  28  m.  N. 
Seringapatam. 

Naggar,  a  considerable  walled  town 
of  Aflfghanistan,  65  m.  S.W.  Pesbawer. 

Naghery,  a  town  of  British  India,  58 
m.  W.N.W.  Madras. 

Nagold,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on 
the  Nagold,  16  m.  W.  Tubingen.  P. 
2,397.- 

Nagoeeussy,  a  town  of  British  India, 
42  m.  N.E.  Patna. 

Nagoee,  several  towns  of  India.-= — I. 

Brltisii  India,  117  ni.  N.W.  Calcutta. 

II.  pvesid.  Madras,  48  m.  E.  Tanjore,  on 

the    Velloor. III.  Rajpootana,   cap. 

dist.,  dom.  &  70  m.  N.E.  Juudpoor. 

Nagota^ia,  a  town  of  British  India, 
37  m.  S.S.E.  Bombay. 

Nagpooe  (or  Berar  Dominion),  a  ter- 
ritory of  India,  Deccan,  under  Briti.sh 
protection.  Estim  area,  26,700  sq.  m.,  & 
pop.  3,200,000.  Its  N.  part  is  a  high 
table-land,  whence- the  surface  slopes  S.- 
ward  to  the  plains  watered  by  the  livers 
Wurdah  &  Wynegunga. — Nagpoor  is  the 
cap.^  situated  100  m.  E.  EUichpoor.  It 
is  about  5  m.  in  circ,  &  enclosed  by  walls, 
but  meanly  built.  In  1825,  it  was  esti- 
mated to  ha,ve  115,000  inhabs.,  &  27,000 
houses. 

Nagy,  a  prefix  to  the  names  of  several 


nan] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


529 


towns,  Ac,  in  Hungary  &  Transylvania. 

1.  {N.-Abony),  W.  Hungary,  49  m. 

S.E.  Pesth.     P.  7,527. II.  (N.-Ag),  a 

vill.  of  Transylvania,  co.  Hunyad. III. 

(N.-Bajom),  co.  Sutuegh.     P.  2,054. 

IV.  (N.-Banya),  a  town  of  E.  Hungary, 

32  m.  E.S.E.  Szathmar.     P.  5,500. V. 

{N.-BUtcsa),   CO.  Trentshin.      P.   2,980. 

VI.  (N.-Bocksco),  CO.  Marmor,  6  m. 

N.E.  Szigeth.     P.  2,285. VII.  a  mkt. 

town   of   Transylvania,    17    m.    N.N.E. 

Kiirlsburg,  with  5,448  inhabs. VIII. 

{Karoly),  a  town,  37  m.  E.N.E.  Debree- 

zin.     P.  12,055. IX.  {Rata),  co.  &  32 

tn.  E.S.E.  Pesth,  with  4,000  inhabs. 

X.  (Mickaly),  a  market  town,  co.  &  20 
m.  E.N.E.  Zemplin.     P.  1,600. 

Nahan,  a  town  of  N.  Hindostan,  46 
m.  N.W.  Seharunpore. — Nahanpara  is  a 
town  of  Oude  dom.,  78  m.  N.E.  Luck- 
now. 

Nahant,  a  township,  Massachusetts, 
comprising  a  peninsula  in  Massachusetts 
bay,  14  pi.  N.E.  Boston. 

Nahe,  a  river  of  W.  Germany,  joins 
the  Rhine.     L.  60  m. 

Nahr,  several  rivers  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
principal  being  N.-el-Kebir,  Syria,  enter- 
ing the  Mediterranean.     L.  35  m. 

Nail  A,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  27  m. 
N.N.E.  Bayreuth.     P.  1,610. 

Nailloux,  a  coram.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Garonne,  18  m.  S.  Toulouse.  P. 
1,350. 

Nain  (mod.  iVeiji),  a  hamlet  of  Pales- 
tine, pash.  &  24  m.  S.E.  Acre. 

Nair,  a  town  of  India,  Deccan. 

Nairn,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotl.,  cap. 
CO.  &  on  the  small  river  Nairn,  at  its  in- 
flux in  the  Moray  firth,  15  m.  N.E.  In- 
verness.   P.  3  393.    P.  of  town,  2,672. 

Nairnshire,  a  smalf  maritime  co.  of 
Scotl.,  having  N.  the  Moray  firth.  Area, 
200   sq.  m.    P.  9,917. 

Najac,  a.  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aveyron,  9  m.  S.S.W.  Villefranche. 
P.  1,363. 

Naix,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Meuse. 

Naizin,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  8 
m.  S.E.  Pontivy.    P.  2,003. 

Najera,  a  town  of  Spain,  16  miles 
W.S.W.  Logroiio.     P.  2,746. 

Majerilla,  a  river  of  Spain.  L.  40 
miles. 

Nakab-al-Hajar,  a  ruined  city  of 
St.  Arabia,  Hadramaut. 

Nakel,  a  town  of  Prussia,  17  m.  "W. 
Bromberg,  on  the  Netze.     P.  2,860. 

Nakhchevan,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Rus- 
sia, Transcaucasia,  cap.  prov.,  near  the 
Aras,  83  m.  S.E.  Erivan.  P.  2,000  Mo- 
23 


hammedan,  &  800  or  900  Armenian 
families. 

Nakhitchevan,  a  town  of  Russia,  on 
the  Don,  18  m.  S.W.  Novo-Tcherkask. 
P.  10,000.  It  was  founded  by  an  Arme- 
nian colony,  in  1780,  &  is  the  residence 
of  the  Armenian  patriarch  in  Russia. 

Nakhodeh,  a  large  vill.  of  Persia,  cap 
dist.'Solduz. 

liAKiLO,  a  marit.  town  of  Persia,  prov 
Laristan,  on  the  Persian  gulf,  50  milea 
W.N.W.  Charrack. 

Nakskov,  a  seaport  town  of  Denmark, 
island  Laaland,  15  m.  N.W.  Marieboe. 
P.  2,600. 

Nal,  a  walled  town  of  Beloochistan,  on 
the  AV.  route  from  Sonmeeanee  to  Eelat. 

Nalcha,  a  town  of  India,  Gwalior 
dom. 

Naldroog,  a  town  of  India,  Deccan, 
80  m.  W.  Beeder. 

Nalgonda,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  58 
m.  E.S.E.  Hyderabad. 

Nalliers,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Vendee,  24  m.  S.E.  Napoleon  Ven- 
dee.    P.  1,070. 

Nalon,  a  river  of  N.  Spain.    L.  62  m. 

Namaciua  Country,  the  W.  &  marit. 
portion  of  the  Hottentot  country,  S.  Af- 
rica. 

Namcogl,  a  town  of  British  India,  45 
m.  N.W.  Triehinopoly. 

Nameszto,  a  market  town  of  N.  Hun- 
gary, 16  m.  N.N.E.  Kubin.     P.  4,688. 

Namiescht,  a  town  of  Moravia,  27  m. 
N.N.E.  Znaym.     P.  2,200. 

Namslait,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
30  m.  E.  Breslau.     P.  4,000. 

Namur,  a  strongly  fortified  city  of 
Belgium,  cap.  prov.,  at  the  confl.  of  the 
Sambre  &  Meuse,  36  m.  S.E.  Brussels, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  railway. 
P.  24,362.  The  prov.  of  Namur  is  rich 
in  mines  of  iron,  lead,  copper,  &  coal. 
Soil  fertile  ingrain,  hemp,  &  lint.  Area, 
1,397  sq.  m.     P.  (1846)  263,430. 

Nanas,  a  mkt.  town  of  Central  Hun- 
gary, 24  m.  N.N.W.  Debreczin.  P. 
7,737. 

Nan-chang,  a  city  of  China,  285  m. 
S.W.  Nanking. 

Nancowry,  one  of  the  Nicobab 
Islands. 

Nancy,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
cap.  dep.  Meurthe,  29  m.  S.  Metz,  on  1.  b. 
oftheMeurthe.  P.  38,569.  This  is  one  of 
the  finest  &  best  built  towns  of  France. 

Nandere,  a  town  of  India,  Deccan, 
Nizam's  dom.,  148  m.  N.N.W.  Hydera- 
bad. 

Nandodb,  a  town  of  India,  Deccan,  40 
m.  S.S.E.  Baroda. 


630 


CVCLOP^DIA    OF    GEOGRAPHT. 


[nap 


Nanee,  a  town^n  Affghanistan,  10  m. 
S.S.W.  Ghuznee. 

Nanfio,  an  island  of  the  Grecian 
archipelago,  S.  Cyclades. 

Nan-gan,  a  city  of  China,  180  m. 
N.N.E.  Canton.     >■ 

Nangasaki,  the  principal  seaport  & 
commercial  city  of  Japan,  on  the  S.W. 
side  of  the  isl.  Kiu-siu,  in  lat.  32°  44'  8" 
N.,  Ion.  129°  51'  53"  E.  Estim.  gop. 
from  60,000  to  70,000.  It  .stands  on  a 
hill  slope,  &  is  regularly  built  &  clean. 
Houses  of  one  story,  built  of  clay  &  wood. 
The  harbor  is  about  7  m.  in  length  by  1 
m.  in  breadth,  &  ships  lie  securely 
sheltered  in  5  or  6  fathoms  water.  This 
is  the  only  port  of  Japan  open  to  foreign 
traders,  &  the  Dutch  &  Chinese  who  re- 
sort to  it  are  confined  under  strict  super- 
vision to  the  strongly  fortified  &  artificial 
island  Desima,  oif  the  shore,  &  only  600 
feet  in  length  by  240  feet  across. 

Nangis,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
^ep.  Seine-et-Marne,  13  m.  W.  Provins. 
P.  1,719. 

Nanjimoy,  p-v.,  Charles  co.  Md.,  on 
bay  of  same  name. 

Nanka  Islands,  a  group  of  islets  of 
the  Asiatic  archipelago,  in  the  strait  of 
Banca. 

-  Nankin,  city,  &  ancient  cap.  of  China, 
cap.  prov.,  near  the  Yang-tze-kiang,  90 
m.  from  its  mouth.  P.  400,000.  Its  ancient 
walls  can  be  traced  over  hill  &  dale  for  35 
m.,  but  the  modem  walls  are  of  much  loss 
extent,  &  the  city  scarcely  occupies  l-8th 
part  of  the  surface  enclosed  by  them.  It 
is  divided,  as  usual  in  Chinese  cities,  into 
a  Chinese  &  Tartar  town,  separated  by 
walls  &  gates.  Streets  less  broad  than 
those  of  Peking,  but  handsome,  clean,  & 
well  paved.  Principal  objects  of  interest 
are  the  famous  porcelain  tower  of  9 
stories  &  200  feet  in  height,  completed  in 
1432  at  a  cost,  as  stated,  of  from  700,- 
OOOZ.  to  800,000Z. ;  &  the  "  tomb  of  kings" 
(supposed  to  be  of  the  Ming  dynasty,  a.d. 
1328  to  1621).  Here  are  important  manu- 
factures of  crape,  satin  of  the  finest 
quality,  paper,  artificial  flowers,  China 
or  Indian  ink,  &  nankeen.  It  is  the  cen- 
tre of  a  very  extensive  trade,  &  the  chief 

seat  of  literature  in  the  empire. II. 

t,  Wayne  co.  Mich.     P.  1,109. 

Nan-ling,  a  mountain  chain  in  China. 
Nan-ngang,  a  city  of  China,  230  m. 
S.S.W.  Nanchang. 

Nan-ning,  a  city  of  China,  70  m.  N. 
the  gulf  of  Tonquin. 

Nansemond,  r.,  Va.,  enters  Hampton 

roads. II.  S.E.  co.  Va.    Area,  444  sq. 

m.    Cap.  Suffolk.    P.  12,283. 


Nant,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aveyron,  11  m.  E.S.E.  Milhau.  P. 
3,134. 

Nantasket  Eoad,  Mass.,  one  of  the 
main  entrances  to  Boston  harbor. 

Nantekhe,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Seine,  J  m.  S.  Si.  Denis. 
P.  2,539. 

Nantes,  a  comm.  &  city  of  France, 
cap.  dep.  Loire  Inf.,  208  m.  S.W.  Paris. 
P.  82,993.  It  has  a  port  on  several 
islands  in  the  Loire,  at  the  confl.  of  the 
Erdre  &  Sevre-Nantaise,  &  at  the  head 
of  a  railway  from  Tours.  Nantes  is  re- 
markable for  the  regularity  of  its  public 
squares;  the  town  on  r.  b.  of  the  Loire, 
communicates  by  12  bridges  with  the  isls., 
&  the  suburb  Madelaine  on  1.  b.  The 
port  admits  vessels  of  only  200  tons, 
larger  vessels  unload  at  Paimboeuf. 

Nanteuil,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Oise,  10  m.  S.E.  Senlis.  P. 
1,560. 

Nanticoke,   r.,    Del.    &    Md. II. 

hund.,   Sussex  co.     Del.     P.   1,978. 

III.  (falls).  Pa.,  in  the  Susquehanna. 

Nantca,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ain,  17  m.  E.  Bourg,  at  the  S.  side 
of  the  lake  of  Nantua.     P.  3,248. 

Nantucket,  is!.,  &  co.  Mass.,  in  the 
Atlantic  ocean.  30  m.  S.  Cape  Cod.  L. 
15  m. ;  av.  br.'  4  m.  P.  8,452.  On  the 
S.E.  of  the  island  are  Nantucket  shoals. 

L.  50  m.,  br.  45  m. II.  p-v.,  cap.  of 

the  above  co.,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  island 
has  an  excellent  harbor.  Great  whaling 
port.     Tonnage,  26,752  71. 

Nantwich,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  &  IBJ 
m.  E.S.E.  Chester.     P.  38,016. 

Nan-yang,  a  city  of  China,  158  m. 
N.E.  Canton. 

Naos,  a  port  *of  the  Canary  isls.,  on 
the  S.E.  coast  of  Lanzarote. 

Naouhs,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Somme,  10  m.  N.  Amiens. 
P.  1,918. 

Napa,  co.  California. 

Napagedl,  a  market  town  of  Mora- 
via, 8  m.  N.N.E.  Hradisch.     P.  2,580. 

Napa-kiang,  the  principal  seaport 
town  of  the  Loo-Choo  isls.,  China  sea. 

Napeh  Mew,  a  frontier  town  of  Bur- 
mah. 

Napieh,  a  township  of  Pennsylvania, 
CO.  Bedford.     P.  2,468. 

Naples  (Kingdom  of),  a  political  & 
administrative  division  of  the  kingdom 
of  the  two  Sicilies,  comprising  the  whole 
of  the  continental  portion  of  the  state 
(cap.  Naples).  It  occupies  the  S.  part 
of  the  Italian  peninsula,  &  is  situated 
between  lat.  37°  56'  &  42°  55'  N.,  &  loa. 


nar] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


531 


12°  54'  &  18°  33'  E.,  bounded  E.  by  the 
Adriatic,  S.  by  the  Ionian  sea,  W.  by  the 
Tyrrhenian  sea  (Mediterranean),  &  the 
strait  of  Messina,  &  N.  by  the  Pontif. 
states.  Area,  31,350  sq.  m.  P.  6,382,- 
706.  The  coasts  are  high  &  bold,  espe- 
cially on  the  W.,  &  greatly  indented. 
Surface  in  general  mountainous,  but  in- 
cludes extensive  valleys.  The  Appe- 
nines  traverse  the  country  nearly  through- 
out its  entire  length.  The  flora  has,  in 
addition  to  the  plants  common  to  Italy, 
several  tropical  products,  including  cot- 
ton, the  sugar  cane,  pistachio,  &  dates. 
The  wild  boar,  porcupine,  &  game  of  all 
kinds  abound  in  the  forests,  &  the  coasts 
have  always  been  celebrated  for  fish. 
Agriculture,  which  is  in  a  very  backward 
state,  occupies  the  greater  portion  of  the 
p.  The  religion  of  the  state  is  Roman 
Catholic;  convents  &  nunneries  are  very 
numerous.  It  is  calculated  that  there  is 
one  monk  for  every  250  of  the  population. 
Public  instruction  is  entirely  in  the 
bands  of  the  priests,  &  all  classes  are  de- 
plorably ignorant.  Public  revenue 
(1835)  26,089,000  ducats;  expenditure 
26,100,000  ducats.  Previous  to  the  in- 
surrection in  Sicily,  the  army  comprised 
48,882  men,  &  the  naval  force  1  ship  of 
the  line,  5  frigates,  9  smaller  vessels,  & 
12  steamers,  manned  in  all  by  5,362  men. 

Naples,  a  city  of  Italy,  cap.  of  the 
kingdom  of  the  two  Sicilies,  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  bay  of  Naples,  at  the  foot  of 
Vesuvius,  118  m.  S.E.Kome.  P.  336,302. 
Naples,  celebrated  for  its  excellent  cli- 
mate, is  beautifully  situated  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  vast  &  picturesque  bay  of  the 
same  name.  It  rises  in  the  form  of,  an 
amphitheatre  &  is  surrounded  by  walls. 
Streets  narrow  &  ill-paved,  except  the 
Strada  di  Toledo,  which  is  elegant.  Its 
university,  founded  in  1224,  had  in  1841, 
1,550  students.  It  has  five  public  libra- 
ries, one  of  which,  the  Borbonica  library, 
has  165,000  vols.  &  3,000  MSS.  That 
portion  of  the  pop.  called  Lazzaroni, 
live  without  domiciles,  in  a  state  of  the 
most  degrading  filth,  poverty,  &  wretch- 
edness. It  is  the  first  port  of  the  king- 
dom ;  its  harbor  is  formed  by  a  mole 
which  extends  from  the  centre  of  the 
city  into  the  bay.  Chief  exports,  agri- 
cultural produce.  Imports,  manuf.  goods 
&  colonial  produce.  Naples  was  iounded 
by  the  Greeks,  who  called  it  Farthenope. 
-. II.  p-t.,  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.     P.  2,376. 

Naples  (Bay  of),  a  celebrated  semi- 
circular inlet  of  the  Mediterranean  on 
the  S.W.  coast  of  Italy,  22  m.  in  length, 
&lOm.  inbr. 


Napo,  a  river  of  S.  America,  Ecuador, 
joins  the  Amazon.     L.  500  m. 

Napoleon,  p-t.,  cap.  Henry  co.  0. 

II.  p-t.,  Jackson  co.  Mich.     P.  1,098. 

Napoleonville,  a  town  of  France. 

Napoli,  two   marit.  towns  of  Greece, 

Morea. II.  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co.N.Y. 

P.  1,233. 

Nara,  a  town  of  Japan,  isl.  Niphon, 
25  ra.  N.E.  Miako. 

Naranjos,  a  group  of  isls.  in  the  bay 
of  Panama,  S.  America.  —  Porto  Na- 
ranjo  is  a  harbor  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Cuba,  30  m.  N.N.E.  Holguin. 

Narberth,  a  town  of  South  Wales,  co, 
&  Hi  m.  N.N.E.  Pembroke.     P.  2,620. 

NArbonne,  a  city  of  France,  dep. 
Aude.  P.  10,578.  It  has  a  fine  gothio 
cathedral,  &  numerous  remains  of  an- 
tiquity. 

Narborough  Island,  one  of  the  Ga- 
lapagos Isls. 

Narcondam,  a  small  island  in  the 
bay  of  Bengal. 

Nardinpett,  a  town  of  India,  Dec- 
can,  29  m.  S.E.  Hyderabad. 

Nardo,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov. 
Otranto.     P.  8,000. 

Nare,  a  river  of  S.  America,  New 
Granada.     L.  65  m. 

Narenta,  a  river  of  Europ.  Turkey, 

L.  140  m. II.   town  of  Bosnia,  27  m. 

W.  Seraievo. 

Narew,  a  river  of  Russia  &  Poland, 
joins  the'Bug  18  m.  N.  Warsaw.  L.  200 
miles. 

Nargen,  two  isls.  of  the  Russian  dom., 
one  in  the  gulf  of  Finland. 

Narghur,  &  Narlah,  two  towns  of 
India.  « 

Narmatzo,  a  large  vill.  of  Russia,  38 
m.  from  Kasan.     P.  4,500. 

Narni,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  Pon- 
tif. sta.     P.  3,260. 

Narnoul,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  80  m. 
N.E.  Jeypoor. 

Naro,  a  town  of  Sicily,  on  the  Na'o, 

12  m.  E  S.E.  Girgenti.    P.  10,000. II. 

a  river,  rises  16  m.  S.W.  Caltanisetta.  L. 
20  miles. 

Nahov,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Minsk,  21  m.  S.S.E.  Mozir.     P.  1,800. 

Narova,  a  river  of  Russia,  enters  the 
gulf  of  Finland. 

Norovtchat,  a  town  of  Russia,  78  m. 
N.W.  Penza.     P.  2,750. 

Narra,  two  branches  of  the  Indus  riv- 
er, above  its  delta. 

Nahragansett,  a  bay  &  naval  station 
of  the  U.  S.,  Rhode  Island.  The  bay,  ex- 
tending to  the  Atlantic  ocean,  between 
Point   Judith   on  the  W.,  &    Seaconnet 


532 


CYCLOPiEDlA    OF    GfiOGIlAPHY. 


[nat 


rocks  on  the  B.,  penetrates  inland  about 
28  miles,  •with  a  breadth  from  3  to  12 
miles. 

Nahragaugus,  vill.  &  bay,  Washing- 
ton CO.  Me. 

Nahrah,  a  town  of  Central  India,  45 
m.  S.E.  Ryepoor. 

Narrah,  &  Nareainghur,  two  towns 
of  India. 

Narraingunge,  a  consid.  trading  town 
of  British  India,  10  m.  S.E.  Dacca.  Es- 
tim.  p.  15,000. 

Narrohotb,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  36 
m.  E.  Baroda. 

Narrows,  New  York  harbor,  lying 
between  Long  Island  on  the  E.,  &  Staten 
Island  on  the  W.,  about  1  mile  wide, 
strongly  defended  by  forts  on  each  side. 

Narsipoor,  a  maritime  town  of  Brit- 
ish India,  40  ui.  E.  Masulipatam. 

Narsingah,  a  town  of  British  India, 
50  m.  W.N.W.  Cuttack. 

Narva,  a  fortified  river-port  town  of 
Russia,  gov.  &  81  m.  W.S.W.  St.  Peters- 
burg, on  the  Narova.  P.  3,000.  Near 
it,  Charles  XII.,  at  the  head  of  8,000 
Swedes,  defeated  an  army  of  80,000 
Russians,  30th  Nov.  ,1700. 

Nahwar,  a  town  of  Central  India,  45 
m.  S.  Gwalior. — Narwah  is  a  small  town 
of  Portuguese  India,  4  ra.fromGroa. 

Narym,  a  river  &  town  of  Asiatic 
Russia. 

Nasbinals,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  LozSre,  16  m.  N.W.  Marvejols.  P. 
1,300. 

Nasca,  a  marit.  town  of  Peru,  on  the 
Pacific,  30  m.  S.E.  Pal  pa. 

Nash,  N.E-.  co.  N.  C.  Area,  640  sq. 
m.     Cap.  Nashville.    9.  10,657. 

Nashawenna,  one  of  the  Elizabeth 
isls.  Mass. 

Nashawn,  one  of  the  Elizabeth  isls. 
Mass.     L.  9  m.,  br.  2. 

Nashua,  r.,  N.  H.,  enters  the   Merri- 

mac. II.  p-t.,  Hillsboro'  co.    N.  H. 

P.  5,820. 

Nashville,  a  city,  cap.  state  Tennes- 
see, on  the  Cumberland  river,  160  m. 
S  S.W.  Louisville.  It  has  numerous 
churches,  an  university,  academies,  & 
other  schools.  The  river  is  navigable  to 
it  for  vessels  of  400  tons,  except  during 

the  dry  season.     P.  8,000. II.   p-v., 

cap.  Nash  CO.  N.  C,  44  m.  from  Raleigh. 

III.  p-v.,  cap.  Brown  co.  la. iV. 

p-v.,  cap.  Washington  co.  111. 

Nasielsk,  a  town  of  Poland. 

Naso,  a  town  of  Sicily,  intend.  &  44 
m.  W.S.W.  Messina.    P.  4,400. 

Nassau,  r.,  Fla.,  enters. II.  N.E. 

00.  Fla.    Area,  576  sq.  m.     Cap.  Nassau 


c.  H.    P   2,164. III.  p-t.,  Rensselaer 

CO.  N.  Y.     P.  3,236. 

Nassau  (Duchy  of),  a  state  of  Ger- 
many in  the  W.,  bounded  E.  by  H.  Darm- 
stadt, W.  &  N.  by  Rhenish  Prussia  ;  cap. 
Wiesbaden.  Area,  1,751  sq.  m.  P. 
424,817.  The  duchy  produces  excellent 
wine  in  the  district  called  the  Rheingau, 
&  in  the  vineyards  of  Steinberg,  lludes- 
heiin,  Hockheim,  &  especially  Johannis- 
berg.  In  1806,  the  states  of  Nassau 
were  divided  into  2  branches,  N.  Usingen 
&  N.  Weilburg.  It  now  forms  a  consti- 
tutional monarchy. — Nassau,  cap.  vf  the 
duchy,  is  asmall  town  on  r.  b.  of  the  Lahn, 
25  m.  N.W.  Wiesbaden.     P.  1,600. 

Nassau,  the  cap.  town  of  New  Provi- 
dence, Bahama  isls.,  on  a  declivity  near 
the  N.  coast.  P.  7,000.— For^  Nassau, 
British  Guiana,  is  on  the  Berbice  river, 
45  m.  from  the  sea. — (Fsles),  E.  archi- 
pelago.— {River),  N.  Australia,  enters 
Nassau  bay,  gulf  of  Carpentaria  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  latter. 

Nassuck,  a  large  town  &  place  of  pil- 
grimage, Brit.  India,  95  m.  N.E.  Bom- 
bay.    P.  30,000. 

Nastatten,  a  town  of  W.  Germany, 
duchy  Nassau,  19  m.  N.W.  Wiesbaden. 
P.  1,557. 

Nata,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  New  Grana- 
da, on  the  W.  side  of  the  isthmus  of 
Panama,  64  m.  S.W.  Panama. 

Natal,  a  colonial  possession  of  Great 
Britain,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Africa,  hav- 
ing S.E.  the  Indian  ocean.  Estim.  area, 
18,000  sq.  m.  P.  uncertain.  Timber  in 
the  interior  grows  only  in  clumps,  but 
the  sea-coast  is  bordered  by  a  belt  of 
mangroves.  Climate  most  healthy.  Cot- 
ton &  indigo  grow  wild.  Superior  coal 
has  been  found  in  the  interior. 

Natal,  a  town  of  Brazil,  lat.  of  its 
fort  5°  45'  S.,  Ion.  35°  15'  W.  P.  10,000. 
II,  a  t.  of  Sumatra,  on  its  S.W.  coast. 

Natchez,  a  city,  state  &  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Mississippi,  300  m.  from  its 
mouth.  It  is  built  partly  on  the  suni- 
mit,  &  partly  at  the  foot  of  a  hill  rising 
to  150  feet  above  the  river.  The  upper 
town  is  well  laid  out.  Depth  of  river  90 
feet,  being  accessible  for  large  ships.  It 
has  an  extensive  export  trade  in  cotton. 
P.  4,434. 

Natchitoches,  pa.  La.,  in  the  N.W. 
part  of  the  state.  Area,  4,000  sq.  m.  P. 
14,201. — Natchitoches,  pronounced  Naki- 
tosh,  the  cap.  is  a  p-v.,  on  the  Red  river, 
200  m.  above  its  junction  with  the  Miss, 
r.     P.  2,000. 

Nathdoha,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan, 
28  m.  N.  Odeypoor. 


JTAW] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


533 


Natickt/  t.,  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  P. 
1,285. 

Natividad,  a  small   island  of  Lower 

Calit'oniiiij  in  the  Pacific. II.   a  vill. 

of  Me.xiuo,  near  Tezcoco. — Natividade 
is  a  town  of  Brazil,  75  m.  N.N.W.  Ar- 
rayas.     P.  2,000. 

Natron  Lakes  of  Egypt,  are  situ- 
ated in  a  valley  of  the  Libyan  desert,  60 
m.  W.N.W.  Cairo,  &  consist  of  8  pools. 

Nattam,  a  cousid.  town  of  Brit.  India. 

Nattore,  a  town  of  British  Indi.T,  49 
m.  N.E.  Muorshedabad. 

Nattradacotta,  a  town  of  British 
India,  68  in.  N.E.  Cape  Comorin. 

Natunas,  several  groups  of  isls.  off 
the  N.W.  eo.ist  of  Borneo,  in  the  China 
sea.  The  Great  Nanuna  isl.  is  40  m.  long. 

Natunz,  a  town  of  Persia,  60  miles 
N.N.E.  Ispahan. 

Natural  Bridge,  p-v.,  Rockbridge  co 
Va.  Near  the  Natural  Bridge,  a  stu- 
pendous arch  of  limestone  rock  over  a 
chasm,  60  ft.  wide  at  the  base,  &  90  ft.  at 
the  top. 

Nau  (Cape),  a  headland  of  S.  Italy, 
forming  the  E.  e.^ctremity  of  Calabria. 

Nauders,  &  Naudersberg,  two  con- 
tiguous vills.  of  Tyrol. 

Nauen,  a  town  of  Prussia,  17  miles 
W.N.W.  Potsdam.     P.  4,300. 

NAtJGAHD,  a  town  of  Prussia,  29  m. 
N.E.  Stettin,  with  2,800  inhabs. 

Naugatuck,  r..  Conn.,  br.  of  the  Hou- 
satonic. 

-  Nauheim,  a  vill.  of  Germany,  H.  Cas- 
sel,  13  m.  N.N.W.  Hanau.  P.  1,424. 
The  springs  yield  annually  17,000  cwt. 
ti  salt. 

Naumburg,  several  towns  of  Germany. 

1.  Prussian  Saxony,    17   m.  SSIW. 

Merseburg,  on  the  Saale.     P.  12,700. 

II.  Hessen-Cassel,  on  the  Eder,  16  miles 
W.S.W.  Cassel.  P.  1,788. IIL  Prus- 
sian Silesia,  33  m.  W.  Liegnitz.  P.  1,750. 

Naumpoob,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  93 
m.  S,E.  Surat. 

Naundoor,  &  Naundoorbar,  2  towns 
of  British  India,  Poonah,  42  miles  S.W. 
Aurungabad,  87  m.  E.N.E.  Surat. 

Naunhof,  a  town  of  Saxony,  10  miles 
E.S.E.  Leipzig.     P.  1,042. 

Nauplia,  or  Napoh-di-TIomania,  a 
fortified  seaport  town  of  Greece,  Morea, 
near  the  head  of  the  gulf  of  Nauplia,  5 
m.  S.S.E.  Argos.    P.  6,000.(?) 

Nauplia  (Gulf  of),  an  inlet  of  the 
^gean  sea,  Greece,  between  the  two  E. 
arms  of  the  Morea.  Length,  30  m.; 
breadth,  20  m. 

Naur,  a  market  town  &  fort  of  S.  Rus- 
sia, 3(J  m:  E.  Mozdok.     P.  2,000. 


Nauthpoor,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  42 

m.  N.N.W.  Puineah. 

Nauvoo,  a  city,  IIlinoi.«,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi, 124  m.  N.W.  Springfield.  It  was 
a  settlement  of  the  Mormons,  or  "  Latter- 
day  Saints."  It  is  now  almost  deserted, 
the  Mormons  having  moved  to  the  W. 

Nava,  two   towns  of  Spain. 1,  {del 

iZey),  30  m.  S.W.  Valladolid.     P.   4,241. 

II.   (Hermosa),  25  m.  S.W.  Toledo, 

with  2,066  inhabs. 

Navalcarnero,  a  town  of  Spain,  19 
m.  AV.S.W.  Madrid.     P.  3,375. 

Navalmoral  de  la  Mata,  a  town  of 
Spain,  52  m.  N.E.  Caceres.     P.  3,000. 

Navalvillar,  a  town  of  Spain,  67  m. 
E.N.E.  Badajos.     P.  2,390. 

Navan,  a  market  town  of  Ireland,  co. 
Meath,  26  m.  N.W.  Dublin.     P.  4,987. 

Navarra,  a  prov.  of  Spain,  in  the  N. 
Area,  2,450  sq.  m.  P.  230,925.  Cap. 
Pamplona.  Surface  mountainous,  trav- 
ersed in  the  N.  by  the  Pyrenees,  which 
here  form  several  fine  valleys,  the  most 
celebrated  of  which  are  Roncevaux  & 
Bastan.  The  greater  portion  of  the  pop. 
speak  the  Basque  language. — £asse-Na' 
varre  was  an  aneient  division  of  Franed, 
in  the  old  prov.  Beam. 

Navarin,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of 
Greece,  Morea,  in  the  bay  of  the  Medi- 
terjanean,  6  m.  N.  Modon. 

Navarrenx,  a  comm.  &  t.  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Pyrenees,  on  the  Oleron,  20  m. 
W.  Pau. 

Navahrete,  a  town  of  Spain,  5  m. 
AV.  Logroiio.    P.  2,015. 

Navarro,  co.  Texas.    P.  3,843. 

Navas  del  Madrono,  a  t.  of  Spain, 
19  ra.  W.N.W.  Caceres.    P.  3,840. 

Navas  del  Marquez,  a  town  of  Spaia, 
&  24  m.  E.S.E.  Avila.     P.  3,000. 

Nave,  &  Navelli,  two  villf=.  of  Italy. 

1,  in  Lombardy,  5  m.  N.E.  Brescia. 

P.  1,500. II.  Naples,  prov.   Abruzzo 

Ult.  II..  19  m.  S.E.  Aquila.     P.  1,200. 

Naver  (Loch),  a  lake  of  Scotland,  cd. 
Sutherland. 

Naves,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Correze,  cant.  Tulle.     P.  2,170. 

Navia,  a  river  of  N.  Spain,  enters  the 

bay  of  Biscay.     L.  65  m. II.  a  town 

on  this  river,  about  a  mile  from  its  mouth, 

&  having  1,600  inhabs. III.  {de  Su- 

arna),  a  small  town,  40  m.  N.AV.  Oviedo. 
P.  1,200. 

Navigator's  Islands,  a  group  in  the 
Pacific  ocean,  N.E.  of  the  Friendly  isls., 
the  principal  boing  Pola,  or  Oteewhi, 
Oatooah,  Tootooillah,  &  Rose  islands. 

Nawada,  a  town  of  British  India,  20 
m.  S.  Bahar. 


k^^^. 


534 


CTGXOP^DIA    OF    GKOGRAPHT. 


[nee 


Nawaurgunge,  a  town  of  India,  38  m. 
N.E.  Lucknow. 

Naxos,  an  isl.  of  the  Grecian  archip., 
the  largest  &  most  fertile  of  the  Cyclades. 
L.  19  m. ;  br.  15  m.  P.  19,912.  Surface 
mountainous.  Chf.  products,  wine,  fruits, 
olive  oil,  &  cheese.  The  isl.  was  formerly 
consecrated  to  Bacchus.  Chf.  town,  Naxia, 
with  a  port  on  the  N.W.  coast.  P.  2,000. 
— — II.  a  ruined  city  of  Sicily,  on  its  E. 
coast. 

Nay,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
B.  Pyrenees,  10  m.  S.S.E.  Pau.     P.  3,028. 

Nayland,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Suffolk.     P.  1,114. 

Nazaire  (St  ),  several  comms.,  towns, 

&  vilis.  of  France. 1,  a  town  &  seaport, 

dep.  Loire  Iiif ,  close  to  the  mouth  of  the 

Loire.     P.  3,771. II.  dep.  Var,  6  m. 

W.  Toulon,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Repe. 
P.  1,542. 

Nazareth,  a  small  town  of  Palestine, 
pash.  &  17  m.  S.E.  Acre.  Estim.  pop. 
3,000,  mostly  Christians.  It  stands  on  a 
declivity,  &  is  generally  well  built,  with 
flat- roofed  stone  houses.  Its  principal 
edifice  is  the  Latin  convent,  with  a  richly 
decorated  church,  reputed  to  be  on  the 
site  rendered  memorable  as  the  scene 
of  the  Annunciation  &  the  birth-place 
of  Christ. 

Nazareth,  a  eonim.  &  market  town 
of  Belgium,  8  m.  S.W.  Ghent.  P.  5,343. 
II.  a  town  of  Brazil.     P.  2,000. 

Naze  (The),  a  cape,  forming  the  S. 
extremity  of  Norway,  on  the  North  sea. 

II.  a  headland  of  England,  forming 

the  E.  extremity  of  the  co".  Suffolk. 

III.  a  headland,  Senegambia,  36  m.  S.E. 
Capo  Veid. 

Neagh  (Lough),  a  lake  of  Ireland, 
prov.  Ulster,  on  S.W.  border  of  co.  An- 
trim.    L.  17  m.;  br.  10  m. 

Neant,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Morbihan.     P.  1,647.  , 

Neath,  a  river  port  &  market  town  of 
•S.  Wale.s,  CO.  Glamorgan,  7  m.  N.E. 
Swansea.  P.  4,970.  The  town  is  poorly 
built. 

Nebra,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  19 
m.  W.S.W.  Merseburg,  on  the  Unstrut. 
P.  1,746. 

Nebraska,  a  territory  of  the  U.  S., 
embraces  the  country  between  the  40th 
&  43d  degrees  of  N.  lat.,  &  extends  from 
the  W.  shore  of  the  Missouri  river  to  the 
Rocky  mountains,  &  is  estim.  to  contain 
136,700  sq.  m.  The  Platte  river  runs 
through  the  centre.  Already  there  are 
Eome  white  settlements  in  this  territory, 
the  principal  being  at  Belle  vue,Nemahaw 
Agency,  Delaware  Crossing,  Fort  Leav- 


enworth, &  St  Mary's  Mission.  The 
soil  of  this  territory  is  said  to  be  generally 
rich,  alluvial,  &  much  of  the  country  is 
capiible  of  immedi.ite  occupation. 

Nechanitz,  a  market  town,  Bohemia, 
9  m.  W.N.W.  Koniggratz.     P.  1,054. 

Nechara,  a  large  vill.  of  Beloochistan, 

16  m.  S  E.  Kelat. 

Neckar,  a  river  of  Germany,  joins  the 
Rhine.     L.  210  m. 

Neckarau,  a  vill.  of  Baden,  on  an  isl. 
in  the  Rhine.     P.  1,631. 

Neckar-gemund,  a  town  of  Baden, 

17  m.  E.S.E.  Mannheim.     P.  2,159. 
Neckar-steinach,  a  walled  town  of 

the  grand  duchy  H.-Darmstadt.    P.  1,521. 

Neckarsulm,  a  town  of  AViirtemberg, 
P.  2,402. 

Nectaire  (St),  a  comm.  &  market 
town  of  France,  dep.  Puy-de-Dome,  18 
m.  W.  Issoire. 

Neda  (S.  Nicolas  de),  a  town,  Spain, 
prov.  &  17  m.  N.N.E.  Coruna.     P.  2,806. 

Neddamungalum,  a  town  of  British 
India. 

Nedde,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
H.  Vienne,  28  m.  E.S.E.  Limoges.  P. 
1,640. 

Neddock,  cap.  York  co.  Me. 

Nedenaes,  a  large  dist.  of  Norway. 
Area,  4,266  sq.  m.     P.  47,608. 

Nederbrakel,  a  town  of  Belgium,  17 
m.  S.S.E.  Ghent.     P.  3,807. 

Nederlanden,  the  kingdom  of  Hol- 
land, &c.     [Netherlands.] 

Nedjed,  a  country  of  Arabia,  in  the 
interior. 

Nedrigailov,  a  town  of  Russia,  100 
m.  W.N.W.  Kharkov,  on  the  Sula.  P. 
3,800. 

Neede,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands,  prov. 
Gelderland,  18  m.  E.  Zutphen.     P.  2,612, 

Needham,  t.,  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  P. 
1,488. 

Needles  (The),  a  cluster  of  three  py^ 
ramidal  &  pointed  rocks  in  the  English 
channel,  off  the  extreme  W.  point  of  the 
Isle  of  Wight.  . 

Neemaheira,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  20 
m.  S.  Chittore. 

Neembucu,  a  small  town  of  Paraguay, 
&  its  principal  port,  100  m.  W.S.W.  As- 
sumpcion. 

Neemla,  a  town  of  Affghanistan,  5  m. 
E.  Gundamuck. — Neemra  is  a  village  of 
Scinde,  44  m.  N.  Larkhana 

Neemutch,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  36 
m.  S.E.  Chittoor. 

Neepatoob,  a  town  of  British  India. 

Neeh,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands,  on 
the  Maese,  4  m.  N.  Roermond.     P.  1,455. 

Neerwinden,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov. 


NEP] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


635 


Liege,  2  m.  N.W.  Landen,  memorable  for 
the  victory  of  the  Marechal  de  Luxem- 
bourg over  the  army  of  William  III.  of 
England,  29th  July,  1693. 

Neewaygon,  W.  CO.  Mich.  Area,  864 
sq.  m.     P.  510. 

Neft,  a  town  of  N.  Africa,  dom.  Tunis, 
20  m.  S.S.W.  Tozer. 

Negapatam,  a  decayed  maritime  town 
of  India,  43  m.  E.S.E.  Tanjore,  on  the 
Coromandel  coast. 

Negombo,  a  town  of  Ceylon,  on  its  W. 
coast,  18  m.  N.  Colombo. 

Negrais,  an  island  &  harbor,  Burmese 
dom.,  kingdom  of  Pegu. —  Cape  Negrais 
is  the  S.  extremity  of  the  Burmese  dom. 

Nesrepelisse,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Tarn-et-Garonne,  8  m. 
E.N.E.  Montauban.   "R  1,224. 

Negril  (NoRTrf  &  touth),  two  head- 
lands of  Jamaica,  8  m.  apart. 

Negropont  (Channel  of),  an  arm 
of  the  .lEgean  sea,  Greece.     L.  40  m. 

Negros  (Isla  de),  one  of  the  Philip- 
pine   isls.,   Asiatic  archipelago.     Estim. 

area,  3,780  sq.  m.     P.  85,622. II.  an 

island,  Pacific  ocean,  near  the  N.  coast 
of  Admiralty  island. 

Negwegan,  N.E.  CO.  Mich.  Area, 
660  sq.  m. 

Neh,  &  Nehavend,  two  towns  of 
Per.sia. 

Neheim,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westpha- 
lia, 6  m.  N.W.  Arnsberg.     P.  1,970. 

Nehou,  a  comm.  <fc  vill.  of  France, 
(lep.  Manche,  6  m.  S.W.  Valognos.  P. 
2,400. 

Nehrunc,  a  long  &  narrow  strip  of 
land,  bordering  the  Baltic,  in  E.  Prussia. 

II.    a    similar    strip,    between    the 

Frischehaff  &  the  G.  of  Danzig,  Baltic, 
35  m.  in  length. 

Neidenburg,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia, 
24  m.  S.  Konigsberg.     P.  2,742. 

Neilgherry,  a  mntn.  range  of  S.  In- 
dia, at  the  junction  of  "the  E.  &  W. 
ghauts.  Elev.  of  highest  peak,  8,800 
feet. 

Neisse,  two  rivers  of  Germany. 1. 

joins  the  Oder.    L.  115  m. II.  Prussian 

Silesia,  also  joins  the  Oder,  15  m.  N.W. 
Oppeln.  L.  98  m. — Neisse,  a  fortified 
town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  30  m.  S.W. 
Oppeln,  on  the  Neisse.     P.  16,225. 

Neiva,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia,  joins 
the  Tobol.     L.  350  m. 

Neive,  or  Neze,  a  town  of  N.  Italy, 
Piedmont,  div.  Coni,  4  m.  N.E.  Alba.  P. 
of  comm.  2,400. 

Nejin,  a  town  of  Russia,  36  m.  S.S.E. 
Tchernigov,  on  the  Oster.    P.  16,000. 

Nekhvohochtcha,    a  «ikt    town  of 


Russia,  32  m.  S.  Poltava,  on  the  Orel. 
P.  1,570. 

Neliseer,  a  small  marit.  town  of 
British  India. 

Nellemboor,  an  inland  town  of  Brit- 
ish India,  31  m.  E.  Calicut. 

Nellore,  a  marit.  dist.  of  Brit.  India, 
having  E.  the  bay  of  Bengal.  Area, 
12,000  sq.  m.  P.  846,572.— iVeZZore,  the 
cap.  dist.,  is  on  the  Pennar,  13^  m.  from 
the  ijay  of  Bengal,  &  98  m.  N.N.W.  Ma- 
dras. 

Nelson,  a  central  co.  Va.     Area,  490 

sq.  m.     Cap.  Lovingston.     P.  12,758. 

II.  a  central  co.  Ky.     Area,  460  sq.  m. 

P.  14,789. III.  p-t.,  Madison  co.  N.Y. 

P.   1,965. IV.  t.,  Portage  co.  0.    P. 

1,398. — {River),  British  N.  Amer.,  en- 
ters Hudson's  bay  on  its  W.  side. — Nel- 
son lake  is  an  enlargement  of  Churchill 
river  in  the  same  region. 

Nelson,  a  district   of  W.  Australia. 

II.  a  settlement  of  New  Zealand,  in 

Tasman  bay,  middle  island.  P.  2,915. — 
(Cape),  S.  Australia,  bounds  Portland 
bay  W. -ward. — {Channel),  Tasmania,  be- 
tween Van  Diemen's  Land  &  King's 
island,  60  m.  across,  connects  Bass'  strait 

with  the  S.  ocean. {Island),  New  S. 

Shetland,  S.  Atlantic  ocean. 

Membro,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy,  5 
m.  N.E.  Bergamo.     P.  2,000. 

Nemea,  a  vill.  of  Greece,  Morea,  13 
m.  S.W.  Corinth. 

Nemi,  a  lake  &  vill.  of  Central  Italy, 
Pontif.'  sta.,  17  m.  S.E.  Rome. 

Nemirov,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
on  the  Bug,    23  miles    S.E.  Drohitshin. 

P.  3,876. II.  a    market  town,    gov. 

Podolia,  circ.  &  12  m.  N.W.  Bratslav. 
P.  2,000. 

Nemours,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Marne,  19  m.  S.E.  Fontain- 
bleau.     P.  3,782. 

Nenagh,  a  mkt.  town  of  Irel.,  Mun- 
ster,  CO.  Tipperary,  near  the  Nenagh 
river,  13  m.  N.E.  Newport.     P.  8,618. 

Nene,  a  river  of  Engl.,  enters  the  N. 
sea  by  a  tidal  channel,  recently  formed 
at  a  cost  of  about  200,000/.     L.  90  m. 

Nenndorf,  a  vill.  of  Germany,  Hes- 
sen-Cassel. 

Neograd,  a  market  town  of  Central 
Hungary,  27  m.  N.  P'esth.     P.  1,500. 

Neosho,  r.,  Ind.  terr. II.  p-v.,  cap. 

Newton  co.  Mo. 

Neots'  (St.),  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  &  8  m.  S.W.  Huntingdon.     P.  3,123. 

Nepaul,  an  independent  country  of 
Hindostan,  comprising  the  S.  slope  of  the 
Himalaya  mntn.  chain,  having  W.  &  S. 
British  India  &  Oude,  &  N.  Tibet.     L. 


636 


CYCLOP-iEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[net 


W.  to  E.  450  m.,  br.  100  m.    Area,  53,000 
sq.  m.     P.  2,000,000. 

Nepean,  a  small  isl.  of  the  Pacific,  S. 
of  Norfolk  isl. II.  a  river,  E.  Austra- 
lia, New  S.  Wales,  joins  the  Warra- 
gamba  to  form  the  Hawkesbury. — Ne- 
pean bay,  S.  Australia,  is  on  the  N.E. 
side  of  Kangaroo  isl.,  70  m.  S.W.  Ade- 
laide ;  &  Point  Nepean  is  at  the  en- 
trance of  Port  Philip,  40  m.  S.S.W.  Mel- 
bourne. 

Nephin,  &  Nephinbeg,  two  mntns.  of 
Irel.,  Connaught,  co.  Mayo. 

Nepi,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.,  18  m.  S.S.E.  Viterbo.     P.  1,790. 
.  Nepomuck,    or    Nepomuk,    a    small 
town  of  Bohemia,  55  m.  S.W.  Prague. 
P.  1,485. 

Nepount,  r.,  Mass.,  flows  into  Boston 
harbor. 

Neptune  Islands,  a  group  of  islands, 
off  the  coast  of  S.  Australia. 

Nera,  a  river  of  Italy,  Pontif.  sta., 
joins  the  Tiber  on  the  left.     L.  60  m. 

Nehac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Lot-et-Garonne,  15  m.  W.S.W. 
Agen.    P.  3,900. 

Nebbudda,  an  important  river  of 
India,  rises  in  Gundwana,  &  enters  the 
gulf  of  Cambay,  28  m.  \Y.  Baroach.  L. 
620  m.  It  is  600  yards  across  in  its  up- 
per part;  about  double  this  width  at 
Mundlesir,  &  sometimes  3  m.  in  width 
neai*  Baroach  ;  but  its  navigation  is  im- 
peded by  rooks,  islands,  shallows,  &  cata- 
racts. 

Nerechta,  a  town  of  Russia,  23  m. 
S.S.W.  Kostroma,  an  affl.  of  the  Volga. 
P.  2,000. 

Nebesh3im,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
30  m.  N.N.E.  Ulm.     P.  1,010. 

Nebesi,  the  principal  town  of  the  isl. 
of  Brazza,  Dalmatia,  12  m.  S.  Spalato. 
P.  1,556. 

Nereto,  a  mkt.  town  of  Naples,  13  m. 
N.N.E.  Teramo.     P.  1,110. 

Neriad,  a  town  of  British  India,  28 
in.  N.E.  Cambay.  —  Nerinjapettah  is  a 
email  town. 

Neris,  AqticB  NercB,  a  comm.,  small 
town,  &  watering-place  of  France,  dep. 
Allier,  4  m.  S.E.  Montlufon.     P.  1,432. 

Nerja,  a  town  of  Spain,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  small  river  Nerja  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean, 27  m.  Malaga.     P.  5,000. 

Nesonde.  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Loire,  16  m  S.E.  Roanne.  P.  1,300. 
— Nerondes  is  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town,  dep. 
Cher,  20  m.  ES.E.  Bourges.    P.  1,298. 

Nertchinsk,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
540  m.  E.  Irkutsk,  on  the  Shilka.  P. 
3,000. 


I      Nervi,  a  senport  town  of  N.  Italy,  5 
i  m.  S.E   Genoa.      P.  4,089.— The  Nervia 
is  a  small  river  in  the  div.  Nice  near 
Ventimiglia. 

Nehviano,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy, 
11  m.  N.W.  Milan,  on  the  Olona.  P. 
2,500. 

Nervion,  a  river  of  Spain,  Biscay, 
enters  the  bay  of  Biscay,  9  m.  N.W. 
Bilbao. 

Nescopeck,  mt.,  Luzerne  co.  Pa. 

II.  or.,  runs  into  the  Susqueha. III. 

p-t.,  Luzerne  co.  Pa.     P.  1,370. 

Neshaming,  r..  Pa. 

Neshanock,  t.,  Mercer  CO.  Pa.  P. 
2,068. 

Neshoba,  E.  co.  Miss.  Area,  600  sq. 
m.     P.  4,728. 

Nesle,  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Somme,  on  the#Ingon,  29  m.  E.S.E. 
Amiens.  P.  1,756. — Nesmy  is  a  comm. 
&  vill.,  dep.  Vendee,  6  m.  S.  Napoleon 
Vendee.     P.  1,072. 

Ness  (Loch),  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co. 
&  6  m.  S.W.  Inverness.  L.  23  m. ;  av. 
br.  H  m. 

Neston  (Great),  a  town  of  Engl.,  co. 
&  10  m.  N.W.  Chester.     P.  1,701. 

Nestved,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on  the 
island  Seeland,  13  m.  N.W.  Prasstoe.  P. 
2,300. 

Nesvish,  NeSvij,  or  Njeswiez,  a 
frontier  of  Russian  Poland,  58  m.  S.W. 
Minsk.    P.  4,000. 

Neszouil,  a  market  town  of  W.  Hun- 
gary, on  the  Danube.     P.  1,200. 

Nethe,  a  river  of  Belgium. 

Netherlands  (Kingdom  of  the),  or 
Holland,  a  state  of  W.  Europe,  on  tha 
German  ocean  (cap.  Amsterdam),  com- 
posed of  the  Netherlands  Proper,  or  the 
ancient  republic  of  the  7  united  provs., 
&  part  of  the  duchy  of  Limburg,  situated 
between  lat.  50°  43'  &  53°  21'  N.,  &  Ion. 
3°  24'  &  7°  12'  E.,  bounded  E.  by  Hano- 
ver &  Prussia,  S.  by  Belgium  &  and  the 
grand  duchy  of  Luxemburg  (the  S.E. 
portion  of  which  is  held  by  the  king  of 
the  Netherlands),  &  W.  &  N.  by  the  Ger- 
man ocean.  Area,  12,620  sq.  m.  P; 
3,020,319.  Forming  the  W.  extremity 
of  the  great  plain  of  N.  Europe,  the  ter- 
ritory is  perfectly  flat,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  a  few  low  hills  :  a  considerable 
portion  of  it  is  formed  of  alluvium,  or 
rescued  by  human  industry  from  the  sea, 
below  the  level  of  which  much  of  it  is 
situated.  From  the  point  of  the  Helder 
to  the  Hoek  van  Holland,  78  mile-s,  the 
coast  is  partly  protected  by  natural 
downs,  about  40  feet  in  height,  composed 
of  fine  sand  upheaved  by  the  sea,  &  fixed 


^EuJ 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


637 


by  plantations  of  sea-grass  ;  onihe  other 
parts  of  the  coast  the  sea  is  confined  by 
enormous  artificial  dykes.  The  principal 
gulfs  of  the  German  ocean,  on  this  coast, 
are  the  Zuyder  Zee,  the  Lautver  Zee,  & 
the  DoUart.  The  principal  rivers  are 
the  Rhine,  Maas,  &.  Scheldt.  The  chief 
lakes  are  those  of  Haarlem  (now  being 
drained)  &  the  Y.  Marshes  are  numer- 
ous, &  some  of  them  very  extensive. 
The  islands  form  two  principal  groups  ; 
one  situated  in  the  estuary  of  the  Scheldt 
&  the  Meuse  ;  the  other  at  the  entrance 
of  the  Zuyder  Zee.  Climate  less  ex- 
treme than  in  N.  Germany.  The  soil  is 
argillaceous,  has  no  minerals  except  a 
little  bog-iron,  but  immense  deposits  of 
turf  &  potters'  clay.  No  stone  of  any 
size  is  to  be  found  in  the  soil.  The  chief 
crops  are  rye,  buckwheat,  barley,  &  oats. 
The  floral  resembles  that  of  other  Euro- 
pean countries  situated  in  the  same  lat., 
but  aquatic  plants  are  more  varied  &  ex- 
tensive. Horticulture  has  loiig  been  a 
favorite  employment  of  the  Dutch.  The 
fisheries  formed  the  origin  of  prosperity 
in  the  Netherlands,  &  the  herrings  pre- 
pared by  the  Dutch  still  maintain  their 
superiority.  The  manfacturing  industry 
of  the  country  is  very  active,  Holland 
having  long  been  celebrated  for  its  linens, 
velvets,  &  paper.  Holland  presents  the 
appearance  of  an  immense  net-work  of 
canals,  which  form  the  usual  access  not 
only  to  towns  &  vills.,  but  even  to  private 
mansions.  The  roads,  which  are  always 
formed  on  the  dykes.  &  bordered  by  ca- 
nals, are  excellent:  In  1849  lines  of  rail- 
way were  completed  from  Amsterdam 
W.  to  Haarlem  &  S.  to  Leyden,  the 
Hague  &  Rotterdam,  &  S.  &  E.  by 
Utrecht  to  Arnhem.  The  Dutch  occupj' 
the  country  of  the  ancient  Batayi  &  Fri- 
rii;  their  language  is  a  dialect  of  the 
German;  The  greater  number  of  the 
inhabitants  are  protestants.  Education 
is  well  conducted  &  very  generally  dif- 
fused. In  1846  there  were  in  Holland  3- 
universities,  at  Leyden,  Groningen,  & 
Utrecht ;  2  atheneums,  &  68  latin 
schools.  For  elementary  'instruction, 
there  were  70  district,  2,125  communal, 
&  630  private  schools.  Mendicity  is  in- 
terdicted throughout  the  kingdom.  The 
people  are  remarkable  for  the  extreme 
cleanliness-  of  their  streets  &  dwellings. 
The  government  is  a  constitutional  rep- 
resentative monarchy,  the  tiile  of  the 
scivereign  is  King  of  the  Netherlands, 
Prince  of  Orange  Nassau,  Grand  Duke 
of  Luxemburg  &  Duke  of  Limburg.  The 
iisual  residence  of  the  king  is  at  the 
23* 


Hague.  The  standing  army  in  1849  Con- 
sisted of  1  reg.  of  grenadiers,  8*  regs.  of 
infantry,  &  5  regs.  2  .squadrons  of  cavalry, 
&  3  bat.  artillery.  Navy,  1st  Jan.,  184'8, 
12  ships  of  the  line,  18  frigates  &  smaller 
vessels.  General  imports  in  1850  amount- 
ed to  284,415,276  florins  ;  exports,  250,- 
002,066  fl. ;  the  transit  trade  to  92,252, 
789  fl. 

The  following  table  shows  the  extent 
&  pop.  of  the  colonial  possessions  of  the 
kingdom  of  the  Netherlands,  as  estima- 
ted for  1849  :— 


Java, 
Sumatra, 
Borneo,    - 
Celebes, 
Moluccas, 


Area  in  sq.  m.       Pop. 

49.15-2         ]0.((i(i,OCO 
-       135,341  5,000.000 

195,989  2,0(10,000 

35.572  3,000,000 

38,250  800,1.00 


65,875 


800,000 


Olher  islands, 

America. 

Surinam,       -  -         53,125  C03,000 

Curacao,  &  depend'cies,     1,062  .  26,400 

Africa, 
Guinea  Coast,        -  10,625  100,000 


Total, 


584,991         2J,786,700 


Nether  Providene,  p-t.,  Del.  co.  Pa. 
P.  1,025. 

Nettuno,  a  seaport  town  of  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta.,  31  m.  S.S.E.  Rome.  P. 
1,800. 

Netzschkau,  a  town  of  Saxony,  13 
m.  S.W.  Zwickau.     P.  1,600. 

Neu-Bistritz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  32 
m.  S.E.  Tabor.     P.  3,660. 

Neuboueg,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Eure,  13  m.  N.AV.  Evreux.  P.  1,863. 

Neuburg,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  tho 
Danube,    29  m.   N.N.E.   Augsburg.      P. 

6,352. II.  a  vill.  of  Rhenish  Bavaria, 

15   m.  S.E.   Landau.     P.  1,480. IIL 

{Vor-devi-Walde),  &  town,  Bavaria,  27 
m.  N.N.E.  Regensburg.     P.  2,036. 

Neu-Brandenburg,  a  town  of  Meck- 
lenburg-Strelitz,  on  the  Lake  ToUens,  17 
m.  N.N  E.  Neu-Strelit7,.     P.  6,000. 

Neubritck,  a  town  &  a  vill.  of  Prus- 

sia.^ 1.  Prussian  Poland,   35  m.  N.W. 

Posen,  on  the  Warta. II.  prov.  Bran- 
denburg. 

Neuchatel,  a  frontier  canton  of 
Switzerland,  in  the  N.W.  Area,  281  sq. 
m.  P.  58,616.  The  Jura  mountains  in- 
tersect it  from  S.  to  N. II.  a  town  of 

Switzerland,  on  N.W.  shore  of  the  Lake 
Neuchatel,    25  m.  W.    Bern.      P.  5,300. 

^ III.  {Lake  of),   one  of  the    larger 

lakes  of  Switzerland,  in  the  AV.,  18  m. 
N.  the  lake  of  Geneva.  L.  24  m.,  av. 
br.,  4  m. 

Neudamn,  a  town  of  Prussia,  28  m. 
N.N.E.  Frankfurt.     P.  2,430. 


638 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GBOGRAPIir. 


[neu 


Neudbk,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  10  m. 
N.  Elfibogen.     P.  2,fl00. 

Neudenau,  a  to\vn  of  Baden,  7  m. 
N.E.  Winpfen.     P.  1,250. 

Neudouf,  a  town  of   N.  Hun2;ary,  co. 

Zips,  5  m.  S.  Leutschau.     P.  5,900. 

II.  Lower  Austria,  9  m.  S.  Vienna.  P. 
2,054. 

Neuenburg,  several  towns  of  Ger- 
many.  1.  W.  Prussia,  on  the  Vistula. 

P.    2,960. ir.   Wiirteinberg,    on    tlie 

Enz,  27  m.  W.N.W.  Stuttgart.     P.  1,554. 

. III.   Baden,    19  m.  S.W.  Freiburg. 

P.  1,120. 

Neuendorf,   two  vills.   of  Germany. 

1.  Rhenish  Prussia,  2  m.  N.  Coblenz. 

P.  1,830. II.  duchy  Anhalt-Kothen. 

Neueneck,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  8 
in.  S.W.  Bern.     P.  1,880. 

Neuenhaus,  a  town  of  Hanover,  50 
m.  W.N.W.  Osnabriick,  cap.  dist.  P. 
1,462. 

Neuenkirchen,  a  marlset  town  of 
Prussi:in  Westphalia,  37  m.  S.S.W.  Min- 
den.  P.  1.370. — Neuenrade  is  a  town  of 
Prussian  Westphalia,  14  m.  S.W.  Arns- 
berg.     P.  1,360. 

Neuenstadt,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
on  the  Kocher,  8  m.  N.E.  Heilbronn.  P. 
1,421. 

Neuenstein,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
on  the  Eppach,  31  m.  N.AV.  Ellwangen. 
P.  1,486. 

Neuerburg,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 23  m.  N.W.  Treves.     P.  1,730.     " 

Neufahrwasser,  a  vill.  of  W.  Prussia, 

4  m.  N.  Danzig. 

Neufchateau,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Vosges,  .35  m.  N.W.  Epinal. 

P.  3,598. II.  a  town,  Belgium,  19  m. 

S.W.  Bastogne.    P.  1,648. 

Neufchatel- en-Bray,  a  comm.  & 
town  of  France,  dep.  Seine  Inf.,  25  m. 
N.E.  Rouen.    P.  2,990. 

Neuffen,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  9 
m.  N.E.  Reutlingen.     P.  2,000. 

Neugedein,  a  market  town  of  Bohe- 
mia, 14  m.W.  Klattau.     P.  1,813. 

Neuhaus,  several  towns,  &  mkt.  towns, 

of    Germany. 1.    Bohemia,    23    m. 

S.S.E.  Tabor     P.  7,604. II.  Prussian 

Westphalia,    40  m.  S.S.W.   Minden.     P. 

1,410. III.    Hcxnover,    24  m.  N.W. 

Stade.     P.  1.513. 

Neuhausel,  a  town  of  N.W.  Hungary, 
on  the  Neutra,  22  miles  S.  Neutra.  P. 
6,780. 

Neuhaus  EN,  several  market  towns  & 
vills.  of  Wiirtemberg. 1,  cire.  Neckar,. 

5  m.  S.S.W.  Bsslingen.     P.  2,170. -II. 

on  the  Erms,  N.W.  Urach.     P.  1,201. 

Neuhof,  several  mkt.  towns  of  Central 


&  S.  Germany,  7  m.  S.S.W.  Fulda,  with 
1,700  inhabs. 

Neuille-pont-Pierre,  a  comm.  & 
vill.  of  France,  dep.  Indre-et-Loire,  13 
m.  N.N.W.  Tours.     P.  1,700. 

Neuilly,   several  comms.  &  towns  of 

France. 1.  {Sur-Seine),  dep.  &  on  rt. 

b.  of  the  Seine.  P.  9,451.  The  royal 
chateau  of  Neuilly,  built  in  the  reign  of 
Louis  XV.,  was  destroyed  during  the  rev- 
olution   of    1848. -'ll.  {St.  Front),  a 

comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep.  Aisne,  11 
m.  N.W.    Chateau   Thierry.     P.    1,802. 

III.   (en   Thclle),    a  comm.  &   vill., 

dep.  Oise,    13  m.  W.    Senlis.     P.   1,300. 

IV.   {Ids  Real),    dep.   Allier,   18  m. 

S.S.E.    Moulins.      P.    1,222. V.   (Z« 

Vendin),  dep.  &  18  m.  N.E.  Mayenne. 
P.  1,571. VI.  {PEveque),  dep.  Cal- 
vados,   4  m.  S.E.  Isigny.     P.  1,213. 

VII.  dep.  H.  Marne,  6  m.  E.  Langres. 
P.  1,240. 

Neukalden,  a  walled  town  of  Ger- 
many, 26  m.  E.  Gustrow.     P.  2,150. 

Neukirch,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
9  m.  E.S.E.  Leobschiitz.     P.  1,040. 

Neukirchen,  a  town  of  Hessen-Cassel, 
on  the  Grenft,  6  m.  S.E.  Ziegenhain.  P. 
2,057. 

Neulerchenfeld,  a  vill.  of  Lower 
Austria,  I'm.  W.  Vienna.     P.  4,700. 

Neumagen,  a  vill.  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
14  m.  N.E.  Treves.     P.  1,370. 

Neumark,  several  towns  of  Germany. 

1.  W.  Prussia,   36  m.  S.E.  Marien- 

werder.  P.  1,300. II.  Austrian  Poland, 

Galicia.  34  m.  W.S.A¥.  Nowi-Sandec. — 
III.  Bohemia,  16  m.  W.S.W.  Klattau. 
P.  1,133. 

Neumarkt,  several  towns  of  Germany. 

1.  Prussian  Silesia,   19  m.  W.N.W. 

Breslau.     P.  4,100. II.  Bavaria,  on 

the  Sulz,  21  m.  S.E.  Nurnberg.    P.  3,085. 

Neumarkt,  a  fortified  town  of  Tran- 
sylvania, 77  m.  N.V/.  Kronstadt.  P. 
2,736. 

Neumunster,  a  vill.  of  Denmark,  17 
m.  S.S.E.  Kiel. 

Neunkirghen,  two  market  towns  of 

Germany. 1.  Rheni.'sh  Prussia,  38  m. 

S.E.  Treves.      P.   2,020. II.   Lower 

Austria,  10  m.  S.W.  Neustadt.    P.  2,200. 

Neupakau,  a'  town  of  Bohemia,  57  m. 
N.E.  Prague.     P.  2,482.  .... 

Neurode,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 

45  m.  S.W.  Breslau.     P.  5,300. 
Neusalz,   a.  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 

48  m.  N.N.W.  Liegnitz.     P.  3,370. 

Neusatz,  a  fortified  town  of  S.  Hun- 
gary,   CO.  Bacs,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Danube, 

46  m.  N.W.  Belgrade.     P.  17,400. 
Neuse,  a  river  of  N.  Carolinia,  after  a 


WEV] 


UNIVERSAL  GAZETTEER. 


689 


S.W.  course  of  200  m.,  enters  Pamlico 
sound,  12  m.  below  Newborn,  to  which 
town  it  is  navig. 

Neusiedl  (Lake  of),  a  lake  of  Hun- 
gary, near  its  W.  frontier,  19  m.  S.S.W. 
Presburg.     L.  23  m. ;  av.  br.  7  m. 

Neusiedl-am-See,  a  market  town  of 
W.  Hungary,  19  m.  S.W.  Presburg.  P. 
2,036. 

Neusohl,  a  town  of  N.  Hungary,  on 
the  Uran,  80  m.  N.  Pesth.     P.  3,600. 

Neuss,  a  fortified  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  4  miles  S.W.  Dusseldarf.  P. 
8,830. 

Neustadt,  numerous  towns  of  Ger- 
many, &c. 1.  {Nowemiesto),  Bohemia, 

16  m.   N.E.   Koniggratz.     P.   1,750. 

II.  Prussian  Silesia,  28  m.  S.S.W.  Oppeln. 

P.  2,648. III.  Prussian  Saxony,  2  m. 

N.  Magdeburg.  P.  6,700. IV.  Rhenish 

Prussia,  32  m.  E.  Cologne.    P.  1,208. 

V.  W.  Prussia,  24  m.  N.W.  Danzig.  P. 
2.050.- VI.    H.  Cassel,   on  an  island, 

17  m.  E.  Marburg.     P.   1,792. VII. 

Denmark,  duchy  Holsteiu,  on  the  Baltic, 

18  m.  N.N.E.  Liibeck,  with  2,647  inhab. 

VIII.  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  on  the 

Elde,   18  m.  S.S.E.  Sehwerin.     P.  1,771. 

IX.  Baden,   18  ra.  E.S.E,  Freiburg. 

P.  1,710. X.  Wiirtemberg,  8  m.  N.E. 

Heilbronn.  P.  1,400. XI.  Lower  Ba- 
varia,   Danube,    22   m.   S.W.   Ratisbon. 

P.  1,077. XII.  15  m.  N.W.  Hanover. 

P.  1,500. XIII.  {am  Kulm),  Bavaria, 

14  m.  S.E.  Bayreuth.    P.  1,000.- XIV: 

(an-der-Aisch),  Bavaria,  on  the  Aiseh, 
20  m.   N.N.E.  Anspach.     P.  3,061. 

XV.  (an  der  Hardt),  Rhenish  Bavaria, 

12  m.  N.  Landau.     P.  (1838)  6,088. 

XVI.  {an  der  Heide),  duchy  Saxe 
Coburg,  9  miles  N.E.  Coburg,  with  2,000 

inhabitants. XVII.    (an   der  Orla), 

grand    duchy    Saxe-Weimar,    24   miles 

S.E.     AVeimar.      P.    4,250. XVIII. 

{an  der  Saale),  Bavaria,   on  the   Saalo, 

40  m.   N.E.  Wiirtzburg.     P.  1,450. 

XIX.  (an  der  Waldnab),  Bavaria,  31  m. 
S.E.  Bayreuth.  P:  1,560.—  XX.  {bei 
Stolp  en),  S  axon  J,  21  m.  E.  Dresden.     P. 

2,122. XXI.   (Eberswalde),   Prussia, 

prov.  Brandenburg,  24  m.  N.E.  Berlin. 

P.  5,360.— XXII.  Hungary. XXIIL 

Transvlvania,  near  Kronstadt.    P.  2,846. 

XXIV.    Moravia,     13    m.    N.N.W. 

Olmiitz.     P.  4,000. 

Neustadt,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria, 

13  m.  S.  Vienna.    P.  9,323. 
Neustadtl,  several  towns  of  Germany. 

— — -I.  N.  Hungary,  45  m.  N.  Kremnitz. 

P.  2,500. ^11.  Moravia,  circ.  &  24  m. 

N.E.  Iglau.     P.  1,814. III.  Prussian 

Silesia,  40  m.  N.W.  Liagnitz.    P.  1,500. 


NEcsTJtDTL,  a  town  of  Illyria,  38  m. 
S.E.  Laybach,  cap.  circ,  on  the  Gurk. 
P.  1,751. 

Neustadtl-an-deh-Waag,  a  market 
town  of  N.W.  Hungary,  33  m.  N.N.W. 
Neutra.     P.  5,500. 

Neustettin,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pom- 
erania,  39  m.  S.S.E.  Koslin.     P.  4,060. 

Neustift,  several   market  towns  of 

Germany,  &c. 1.  Tyrol,  11  m.  S.S.W, 

Innsbruck.     P.  1,470. II.  Bohemia, 

20  m.  E.  Tabor. 

Neu-Strelitz,  a  town  of  N.  Germany, 
60  m.  N.N.W.  Berlin.     P.  6,484. 

Neuteich,  a  town  of  W.  Prussia,  21  m. 
S.E.  Danzig.     P.'  1,650. 

Neutitschein,  a  town  of  Moravia, 
26  m.  E.N.E.  Prerau.     P.  9,000. 

Neutra,  a  town  of  N.W.  Hungary, 
46  m.  E.N.E.  Presburg.     P.  4,090. 

Neuve-Eglise,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Cantal,  9  m.  S.W.  St.  Flour. 
P.  2,942. 

Neuveville,  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
on  the  N.W.  shore  of  the  lake  of  Bienne, 
9  m.  S.W.  Bienne.     P.  1,200. 

Neuvic,  several  comms.  &  towns  of 

France. 1,  dep.  Dordogne,  on  the  Isle, 

13  m.  W.S.W.  Perigueux.    P.  2,260. 

II.   dep.  Correze,    12   m.  S.  Ussel.    "P. 

2,800. III.    H.  Vienne,    17  m.  S.E. 

Limoges.     P.  1,770. 

Neuville,  several  /Comms.,  towns,   & 

vills.  of  France. 1,  dep.  Vienne,  8  m. 

N.W.  Poitiers.     P.    1,140. II.    dep. 

Loiret,    13  m.  N.E.   Orleans.     P.  1,228. 

III.   dep.  Nord.     P.  2,250. IV. 

dep.  Rhone,  8  m.  N.  Lyon.     P.  1,600. 

Neuvy,    numerous    comms.    &    small 

towns  of  France. 1,    dep.  SaOne-et- 

Loire,  18  m.  W.N.W.  CharoUes.  P.  1,200. 

II.  {le  Roi),  dep.  Indre-et-Loire,  15 

m.  N.W.  Tours.     P.  1,628. IV.  {Sau- 

tour),  dep.  Yonne,  16  m.  N.W.  Tonnerre. 
P.  1,600.- — IV.  {St.  Sepulcre),  dep. 
Indre,  8J  m.  W.   La  Chatre.     P.  2,040. 

V.  {Sur  Loire),  dep.  Nievre,  Loire, 

8  m.  N.N.W.  Cosne.     P.  1,350. 

V  Neuwarp,   &  Neuwedel,  two  small 

towns  of  Prussia. 1,  prov.  Pomerania, 

25  m.  N.W.  Stettin.  ,  P.  1,800.-11. 
prov.  Brandenburg,  78  m.  N.E.  Frank- 
fiirt.     P.  3,000. 

Necwied,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
8  m.  N.N.W.  Coblenz.     P.  6,100. 

Neva,  an  important  river  or  strait  of 
Russia,  connecting  the  lake  Ladoga  with 
the  gulf  of  Finland.  L.  40  m.  ;  br.  1,500 
feet ;  depth  in  the  channel  about  50  feet. 
It  is  the  great  medium  of  communication 
between  the  internal  parts  of  N.  Russia.. 
&  the  sea.  ...  „        ,       -.   . .  _- — 


540 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[new 


Nevel,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  gov. 
&  54  m.  N.  Vitebsk.    P.  4,600. 

Nevele,  a  comin.  &  market  town  of 
Belgium,  8  m.  W.  Ghent.    P.  3,500. 

Nevers,  a  comm.  &  city  of  France, 
cap.  dep.  Ni^vre,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Loire  P. 
13,751. 

Neversink,  a  township,  Sullivan  co. 
New  York.  P.  1,681.— The  Neversink- 
highlands  are  a  wooded  hill  range  in 
New  Jersey,  co.  Monmouth,  elev.  300 
to  400  feet. 

Nevez,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Finisterre,  18  miles  S.E.  Quimper.  P. 
1,920. 

Neviansk  (New  &  Old),  two  towns 
of  Asiatic  Russia,  35  m.  N.  Ekaterinburg. 

Neville,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine  Inf ,  28  m.  N.W.  Rouen.  P. 
1,590. 

Neville  (Port),  an  inlet  of  N.  Amer., 
Oregon  territory,  N.  of  Vancouver's  isl. 
— Nevil  bay  is  an  inlet  on  the  W.  side  of 
Hudson  bay. 

Nevin,  a  market  town  of  N.  Wales, 
CO.  &,  on  the  bay  of  Carnarvon. 

Nevis,  a  W.  India  isl.,  belonging  to 
Great  Britain,  leeward  group,  separated 
from  the  S.  end  of  S.  Christopher's  by  a 
channel  2  m.  across.  Area  about  20  sq. 
m.  P.  7,470.  Shape  circular ;  surface 
rises  to  a  central  peak  2,500  feet  in  elev. 

Newahy,  &  Newaby,  two  towns  of 

India. 1,  dom.  &  35  m.  S.E.  Jeypoor. 

II.  16  m.  S.E.  Dewass. 

New  Albany,  a  city,  Indiana,  on  the 
Ohio,  105  m.  S.E.  Indianapolis.  It  is 
regularly  built,  &  has  numerous  churches, 
a  theological  college,  engine  factory,  & 
establishments  for  steam-boat. building. 
It  communicates  by  a  railway  with  Craw- 
fordsville. 

New  ALBiorf,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co. 
N.  Y.     P.  1,633. 

New  Amsterdam  (Guiana).  P.  (in 
1851),  4,633. 

Newark,  a  town  of  England,  co.  & 
17  miles  N.E.  Nottingham.  It  is  well- 
built,  has  in  its  centre  a  spacious  market- 
place, &  is  approached  from  the  N.  by  a 
long  raised  causeway  on  arches.  P.  30,349. 
II.  a  city.  New  Jersey,  on  the  Pas- 
saic river,  10  miles  W.  New  York,  with 
which  it  communicates  by  steamboats  & 
railway.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  &  has 
some  handsome  churches,  a  massive 
court-house,  &  two  spacious  public  prom- 
enades. Its  manufs.  are  very  exten- 
sive. Vessels  of  100  tons  can  come  up  to 
the  city.    P.  38,893.   Tonnage,  5,733  73. 

III.  p-v.,  Wayne  co.  N.  Y.  P.  1,200. 

——IV.  p-v.,  Cap.  Licking  co.  OMo.^  P. 


3,000. V.  t.,    Tioga   co.  N.Y.     P. 

1,983. VI.  a  beautiful  vill.  Newcastle 

CO.  Del.  Here  is  located  Delaware  col- 
lege, an  excellent  institution  founded  in 
1833.  $50,000  have  lately  been  added  to 
its  funds  by  the  sale  of  scholarships.  Rev. 
W.  F.  S.  Graham,  A.M.  is  now  president. 
It  has  a  library  of  7,000  vols.  &  valuable 
scientific  apparatus.  No.  of  alumni,  78, 
of  whom  42  have  become  clergymen. 

New  Athens,  p-v.,  Harrison  co.  C, 
is  the  seat  of  Franklin  college. 

New  Baltimore,  p-t.,  Greene  co. 
N.Y.    P.  2,306. 

New  Berlin,  p-t.,  Chenango  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  2,562. 

Newbern,  a  port  <fc  vill.  N.  C,  on 
the  Neuse,  98  m.  E.S.E.  Raleigh.  P. 
3,900. 

Newberry,  N.W.  dist.,  S.  C.  Area, 
540  sq.  m.  Cap.  Newberry  c.  h.     P.  20,- 

143. II.  t.,  York  co.  Pa.     P.   1,850. 

III.    c.  H.,   cap.  of  Newberry  dist., 

S.  C. 

New  Boston,  t.,  Hillsboro'  co.  N.  H. 
P.  1,569. 

New  Brighton,  v.,Riehmond  CO.  N.Y., 

6  miles  from  New  York  city. II.  b., 

Beaver  co.  Pa.     P.  1,000. 

New  Britain,  an  archipelago.  Paci- 
fic ocean,  between  lat  4°  &  6°  30'  S.,  Ion. 
149°  &  152°  E.-,  &  consisting  mainly  of 
2  large  isls. 

New  Britain,  a  vill.,  U.  S.,  N.  Amer., 
Connecticut,  10  m.  S.W.  Hartford.  P.: 
1,500. 

New  Brunswick,  a  British  colonial 
terjitory,  N.  America,  having  W.  Maine 
&  Lower  Canada,  N.  Chaleur  bay,  E. 
the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  &  Northumber- 
land inlet,  &  S.  the  bay  of  Fundy,  con- 
nected at  its  S.E.  corner  with  Nova  Sco- 
tia by  an  isthmus  14  m.  across.  Estim 
area,  25,900.  sq.  m.  Principal  rivers, 
the  St.  John,  Ristigouche,  &  Miramichi. 
Soil  fertile ;  only  a  small  portion  is 
cleared.     Potatoes   are  the  chief  article 

of  culture.     P.  200,000. II.   a  city, 

New  Jersey,  on  the  river  Raritan,  29 
m.  S.W.  New  York.  Streets  of  the  lower 
town  narrow  ;  of  th6  upper,  wide  &  hand- 
some It  has  various  churches,  &  Rut- 
ger's  college  ;  &  is  connected  witli  Trenton 
by  the  Delaware  &  Raritan  canal,  43  m. 
in  length.     P.  10,008. 

Newburg,  t.,  semi-cap.  Orange  co. 
N.  Y.,  60  m.  from  New  York  city,  on  the 
Hudson.  The  vill.  handsomely  situated 
on  the  river,  is  flourishing.  P.  11,415. 

II.  p-t.,  Cuyahoga  co.  0.     P.  1,342. 

III.  t.,  Geauga  co.  0.    P.  1,209. IV. 

t,  Miami  co.  0.    P.  1,302. 


v<r.T~T"-''S ';'»*'< 


new] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZKTTBBR. 


541 


Newburgh,  a  seaport  town  of  Scot- 
land, in  N.W.  of  CO.  Fife,  on  the  Tay,  9 
m.  S.E.  Perth.     P.  2,897. 

Newburv,    p-t.,   Orange   co.  Vt.      P. 

2,984. II.  t.,  Eisex  co.  Mrtss.    P.  3,789. 

in.  t.,  York  CO.  Pa.     P.  1,850. 

Newbury,  a  town,  England,  co.  Berks, 
on  the  Kennet. 

Newburyport,  port  &  t.,  Mass.,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Merrimac  river,  33  m.  N.E. 
Boston.  It  is  well  built,  &  has  a  custom- 
house, court-house,  &  jail.  Harbor  safe 
&  spacious.  Cod,  mackerel,  &  whale 
fisheries  are  very  important  branches  of 
industry  in  this  place.  Tonnage,  26,706  80 
P.  9,582. 

New  Canaan,  t.,  Fairfield  co.  Conn. 
P.  2,217. 

Newcastle,  N.  co.  Del.  Area,  456 
sq.  m.  P.  42,784. — Neiccastle,  the  cap., 
is  a  p-v.,  5  m.  S.S.W.  Wilmington.      P. 

1,202. II.    p-v.,  cap.  Henry  co.  Ky. 

III.  a  town  of  Upper  Canada,  on  the 

N.  shore  of  Lake  Ontario,  85  m.  E.N.B. 
.Toronto. 

Newcastle,  two  towns  of  Ireland. 
1.  Munster,  co.  &  25  m.  S.W.  Lime- 
rick.    P.  2,917. II.  a  seaport  town, 

Ulster,  CO.  Dnwn,  11m.  S.S.W.  Downpat- 
riek.     P.  1.157. 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  a  town  & 
river  port  of  England^  cap.  co.  Northum- 
berland, &  a  CO.  of  itself,  on  the  N.  bank 
of  the  Tyne,  53  m.  N.B.  Carlisle.  It 
stands  mostly  on  declivities  rising  steeply 
from  the  vicinity  of  the  river,  &  within 
the  last  25  years  it  has  been  rendered 
one  of  the  handsomest  towns  in  England. 
It  is  chiefly  noted  as  the  principal  centre 
of  the  English  coal  trade.  Within  a 
radius  of  8  m-  50  coal  pits  are  wrought. 

II.  {Under  Lyme,  or  Lyne),  a  town, 

CO.  &  15  m.  N.N.W.  Stafford. -III.  {In 

Emlyn),  a  market  town  of  S.  Wales,  co. 
Carmarthen,  on  the  Teify,  9  m.  E.S.E. 
Cardigan.     P.  1,049.    . 

New  Durham,  t.,  Strafford  co.  N.  H. 
1,032. 

New  England,  name  applied  to  the 
pix  Eastern  states  of  the  Union. 

New  Fane,  a  township,  New  York,  co. 
Niagara,  near  Lake  Ontario.     P.  3,255. 

II.  a  township,  Vermont,  90  m.  S. 

Montpelier.     P.  1,403. 

Newfield,  t.,  York  co.  Mo.     P.  1,351. 

II.   p-t.,   Tompkins  co.   N.  Y.     P. 

3,816. 

New  Forest,  a  royal  forest  &  hundred 
of  England,  co.  Hants.  Circ.  of  forest, 
about  50  m. 

Newfound  Lake,  Grafton  co.  N.  H 
L.  6  m. 


Newfoundland,  an  island  &  one  of 
the  British  colonies,  N.  America,  off  the 
E.  coast  of  Liibrador,  mostly  between  Lit. 
46°  40'  &  51°  37'  N.,  &  Ion.  52°  25'  &  59° 
15'  W.,  separated  from  the  mainland  by 
the  strait  of  Belleisle,  12  m.  across.  Es- 
tim.  area,  35,850  sq.m.  P.  96,000.  Shape 
very  irregular,  &  shores  greatly  indented. 
The  country  in  the  E.  is  generally  low, 
W.-ward  more  rugged  &  mountainous. — 
Newfoundland  banks  is  the  most  exten- 
sive submarine  plateau  3'et  discovered, 
being  about  600  m.  in  length,  &  in  soma 
places  200  m.  in  breadth,  with  a  depth 
varying  from  25  to  95  fathoms,  &  a  bot- 
tom of  solid  rock.  The  principal  fishing 
ground  is  over  this  bank  between  lat.  42° 
&  46°  N. 

New  Garden,   p-t.,  Chester  co.   Pa. 

P.  1,411. II.  p-t.,  Wayne  co.  la.     P. 

1,890. 

New  Gloucester,  t.,  Cumberland  co. 
Me.     P. 

New  Hampshire,  one  of  the  N.E.  U. 
S.,  mostly  between  lat.  42°  40'  &  45°  20' 
N.,  &  Ion.  70°  30'  &  72°  35'  W.,  nearly 
enclosed  by  Maine,  Vermont,  &  Massa- 
chusetts, having  S.E.  only  18  m.  of 
marshy  coast.  Area,  9,280  sq.  m.  P., 
in  1840,  284,574 ;  1850,  317,864.  In  tha 
N.,  it  comprises  the  loftiest  ground  in  tho 
U.S.;  Mt.  Washington  is  6,428  feet  in 
height,  &  the  region  around  it  is  well 
timbered  ;  elsewhere  the  surface  consists 
in  a  great  part  of  open  plains,  &  is  more 
adapted  for  a  grazing  than  a  corn  raising 
country.  Principal  rivers,  the  Merrimac 
&  Connecticut,  which  latter  forms  all  its 
W.  boundary.  Near  its  centre  is  Lake 
Winnipiseogee.  Products  comprise  maize, 
wheat,  &  other  grains,  hops,  potatoes,  & 
maple-sugar,  timber,  cattle,  salted  pro- 
visions, &  wool ;  but  this  is  becoming 
more  a  manufacturing  than  an  agricul- 
tural state.  Principal  manufs.  are  of 
woollen  &  cotton  fabrics,  iron  wares  & 
paper.  Cap.  in  manufs.  $10,000,000. 
Foreign  trade  inconsiderable  &  decreas- 
ing, its  produce  being  mostly  imported 
through  Massachusetts  &  Connecticut. 
Portsmouth  is  the  only  seaport.  Besides 
this  town,  it  contains  Concord  (its  cap.), 
Nashua,  Dover,  &  Hanover.  Public  rev. 
about  60,000  dollars  annually.  It  has  no 
debt.  It  sends  3  representatives  to  Con- 
gress. Railways  in  operation,  16;  ag- 
gregate length.  463  m. 

New  Hampton,  t.,  Belknap  co.  N.  H. 
P.  1,809. 

New  Hanover,  a  region  forming  the 
coast  line  of  Brit.  N.  Amer.,  along  tho 
PaeiSc   ocean,  between   lat.  50°   &  54°. 


642 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHT. 


[new 


II.  an  isl.,  Pacific  ocean,  separated 

by  a  narrow  strait  on  its  N.E.  from  New 

Ireland. III.  S.E.  co.  N.  C.      Area, 

995  sq.  m.     Cap.  Wilmington.     P.    17,- 

668. IV.   p-t.,    Montgomery  co.   Pa. 

P.  1.419. 

New  Hartford,  t.,  Litchfield  co.  Conn. 

P.  1,703. II.  p-t.,  Oneidaco.N.  Y.   P. 

8,847. 

New  Haven,  a  southern  eo.  Conn. 
Area,  540  sq.  m.  Cap.  New  Haven.  P. 
62,126. II.  a  city  &  seaport,  semi- 
cap,  of  Connecticut,  lies  round  the  head 
of  a  bay  which  sets  up  4  miles  from  L.  I. 
sound.  It  is  34  m.  S.S.W.  Hartford.  Lat. 
41°  18'  N.,  72°  56'  W.  P.  22,539.  It 
stands  on  a  plain  &  is  elegantly  built ; 
streets  &  squares  regular,  &  shaded  by 
trees.  Public  edifices  comprise  numerous 
churches,  Yale  college,  which  has  600 
students,  a  library  of  33.000  vols.,  the 
finest  mineralogical  cabinet  in  the  U.  S., 
&  an  anatomical  museum ;  a  state-house, 
state  hospital,  museums,  academies, 
&  benevolent  institutions ;  &  a  beau- 
tiful public  cemetery.  The  harbor  is 
furnished  with  fine  wharfs,  &  the  coast- 
ing, fishing,  &  foreign  trade  is  large. 
Tonnage,  18,308  44.  Steamers  ply  daily 
to  New  York.  A  railway  also  connects 
it  with  New  York,  &  with  Hartford,  & 
with  New  London  ;  has  manufs.  of  wool- 
len cloths,  leather,  rope,  machinery,  hard- 
wares, &  carriages.  The  harbor  of  New 
Haven  is  safe  but  shallow.  New  Haven 
was  first  settled  in  1638  by  a  colony  un- 
der Theophilus  Eaton,  the  first  governor, 
&  John  Davenport,  the  first  minister, 
whom  Cotton  Mather  denominated  the 
"  Moses  &  Aaron"  of  the  settlement.  In 
1784,  New  Haven  was  chartered  as  a 
city.  In  July,  1779,  the  city  was  inva- 
ded &  plundered  by  about  3,000  British 
troops  from  New  York,  under  Generals 
Tryon  &  Garth.-^ — III.  p-t.,  Oswego  eo. 

N.  Y.     P.  2,015.. IV.  p-t.,   Huron  co. 

0.     P.  1,270. 

New  Hope,  p-b.,  Bucks  co.  Pa.  P. 
1,000. 

New  Hudson,  t.,  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  1,502. 

New  Iberia,  St.  Martin's  pa.  La., 
170  m.  W.  New  Orleans.     P.  300. 

New  Ipswich,  t.,  Hillsboro'  co.  N.  H. 
P.  1.578. 

New  Jersey,  one  of  the  middle  U.  S., 
mostly  between  lat.  39°  &  41°  24'  N.,  & 
Ion.  74°  &  75°  30'  W.,  having  B.  the  At- 
lantic ocean,  N.  New  York,  &  W.  Penn- 
sylvania &  Delaware,  from  which  it  is 
(Separated  by  the  Delaware  river.  L.  163 
m. ;  br.  52  m.     Aroa,  8,230  sq.  m.    P. 


in  1840,  373,306;  in  1850,  489,333.  Of 
these,  about  20,000  are  free  colored 
Surface  level  in  the  S.,  undulating  in  the 
centre,  crossed  by  the  Alleghany  moun- 
tains in  the  N.  The  Hudson  ri^er  forms 
its  N.E.  boundary.  Principal  crops, 
wheat,  oats,  maize,  rye,  &  potatoes.  In 
the  hilly  parts  many  cattle  are  reared,  & 
cheese,  butter,  &  wool,  are  important  pro- 
ducts. Iron,  building  stone,  &  sand,  are 
the  chief  mineral  products.  Manufs.  of 
cotton  &  woollen  goods,  iron  wares,  paper, 
leather  &  earthenware,  are  important. 
Total  cap.  in  manufs.,  about  $12,000,000. 
New  Jersey  has  10  railways  ;  aggregate 
length,  290  m.  Public  rev.  (18.50)  $128,- 
583  03.  Expenditure,  $125,541  93.  State 
debt,  $71,810.  New  Jersey  sends  5  repre- 
sentatives to  Congress.  Principal  towns, 
Trenton,  the  cap.,  Newark,  Burlington,  & 
Jersey  city.  It  has  2  colleges,  &  several 
theological  seminaries.  The  state  is  di- 
vided into  19  COS.  The  original  consti- 
tution was  formed  in  1776.  The  present, 
formed  in  1844,  provides  for  a  govern- 
ment chosen  for  three  years,  a  senate 
composed  of  one  rnember  from  each  co., 
&  an  assembly  of  60  mems.  Bergen  co. 
was  first  colonized  by  the  Dutch  in  1614. 

Niw  Kent,  co.  E.  Va.  Area,  225  sq. 
m.  The  cap.,  New  Kent  c.  h.,  is  a  p-v., 
30  m.  E.  Richmond.     P.  6,064. 

New  Lebanon,  p-t.,  Columbia  co. 
N.  Y.  P.  2,300.  It  contains  Lebanon 
springs,  &  a  Shaker  settlement  of  600 
souls,  &  possessing  3,000  acres  of  highly 
cultivated  land. 

New  Liberty,  p-v.,  cap.  Owen  co.  Ky. 
P.  250. 

New  Lisbon,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.  N.  Y. 
p.  1.773. — ^11.  p-v ,  cap.  Columbia  co. 
Ohio. 

New  London,  S.E.  co.  Conn.  Area, 
600  sq.  m.  Cap.  New  London  &  Norwich. 
P.  51,852.^—11.  city,  port  of  entry  & 
semi-cap.  of  New  London  co.  Conn.  It  is 
situated  on  the  Thames,  3  miles  from  its 
entrance  into  Long  Island  sound,  &  is  in 
41°  24'  N.  lat.  &  72°  30'  W.  Ion.  from 
Greenwich,  &  4°  0'  48"  E.  Ion.  from  W. 
It  is  44  m.  S.E.  from  Hartford.  P.  8,994. 
The  city  was  not  regularly  laid  out,  &  is 
not  generally  well  built.  There  are  some 
fine  houses  however.  Churches  are  the 
only  public  buildings  ;  of  these  the  Epis- 
copal is  the  most  beautiful  as  well  as  the 
costliest  of  its  dimensions  in  the  country. 
In  it  repose  the  remains  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Seabury,  a  rector  of  this  parish,  & 
the  first  bishop  in  the  U.  S.  The  city 
being  built  on  a  declivity  rough  &  over- 
spread with  granite    rocks,  its    streets 


KEW] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


543 


■were  as  crooked  &  uneven  as  they  could 
well  be,  till  1849,  when  they  were  graded 
&  rendered  respectable.  The  harbor  is 
the  best  in  the  state,  &  one  of  the  best  in 
the  United  States.  It  has  a  depth  of  30 
feet,  &  is  spacious  &  safe.  It  is  de- 
fended by  two  forts.  New  London  has 
been  much  enriched  by  the  whaling  busi- 
ness, which  is  still  the  most  important 
branch  of  industry.  Tonnage,  40,407  67. 
It  is  connected  by  railway  with  New  Ha- 
ven &  Boston.  New  London  was  first 
settled  in  1646.  The  township  is  the 
smallest  in  the  state,  being  only  four 
miles  in  length,  with  an  average  breadth 
of  three  fourths  of  a  mile.  It  has  al- 
ways been  a  slow  place,  &  is  now,  per- 
haps, in  its  characteristics  less  of  a 
"  yankee"  city  than  any  other  in  New 
England.  In  September,  1781,  a  large 
portion  of  the  place  wa^  burned  by  the 

British. IIL  t.,   Chester  co.  Pa.      P. 

1,553. IV.  p-v.,  cap.   Ralls   co.  Mo. 

P.  300. 

New  Madrid,  S.B.  co.  Mo.  Area, 
1,625  sq.  m.  P.  5,541.— iVew  Madrid, 
the  cap.  is  on  the  Miss,  r.,  271  m.  S.E. 
Jefferson  city. 

New  Market,  t.,  Rockingham  co. 
N.  H.  P.  2,451. II.  p-v.,  Shenan- 
doah CO.  Va.  P.  800. III.  p-t..  High- 
land CO.  0.     P.  1,302. IV.  a  market 

town  of  England,  &  65§  m.  N.N.E.  Lon- 
don.  V.  a  town  of  N.  Wales,  co.  Flint. 

P.   713. VI.    a    mkt.    town   of  Irel., 

Munster,  co.  Cork.     P.  1,899. 

Newmarket-on-Fergus,  a  mkt.  town' 
of  Ireld.,  Munster,  co.  Clare.     P.  1,526. 

New  Marlboro',  t.,  Berkshire  co. 
Mass.     P.  1,682. 

New  Mexico,  a  terr.  of  the  U.  S. 
This  terr.,  as  defined  by  American  or 
Spanish  geographers,  extended  from  32° 
to  42°  north  latitude,  &  from  23°  to  33° 
Ion.  AV.  of  Washington.  Till  1848  it 
formed  terr.  of  the  republic  of  Mexico. 
It  was  defined  by  act  of  Cong,  in  1850  & 
regularly  organized.  Alterations  were 
made  in  its  boundaries.  Present  area, 
210,000  sq.  m.  P.  estim.  90,000,  of  whom 
61,000  are  whites.    Cap.  Santa  Fe. 

New  Milford,  t.,  Litchfield  co.  Conn. 
II.  p-t.,  Susqueha.  co.  Pa.  -  P.  1,148. 

Newnan,  p-v.,  cap.  Coweta  co.  Ga. 

Newnansville,  p-v.,  cap.  Alachua 
CO.  6a. 

Newnham,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl.,  co.  & 
11  m.  AV.S.W.  Gloucester.     P.  1,105. 

New  Orleans,  city,  port  of  entry.  La., 
&  the  principal  commercial  entrepot  of 
the  S.W.  of  the  Union,  on  the  N.  bank 
of  the  Mississippi,  105  m.  from  lis  mouth 


in  the  gulf  of  Mexico.  Lat.  29°  57'  7" 
N.,  Ion.  90°  6'  W.  P.  (1852)  145,449. 
It  stands  in  an  alluvial  flat,  considerably 
below  the  level  of  high  tide  in  the  Mis*- 
sissippi,  which  has  been  embanked  for  a 
long  distance,  to  prevent  inundation. 
Adjacent  swamps  render  it  very  un- 
healthy in  summer,  &  it  frequently  suf- 
fers from  yellow  fever.  It  "consists  of 
the  city  proper,  &  6  fauxbourgs  or  sub- 
urbs, all  regularly  laid  out,  well  sup- 
plied with  water,  &  as  well  drained  as 
circumstances  admit.  Except  Canal 
street,  few  of  the  public  thoroughfares 
ire  more  than  40  feet  in  width.  Houses 
mostly  of  brick,  many  stuccoed,  &  in 
several  quarters  they  are  furnished  with 
balconies,  &,  similar  in  architecture  to 
the  dwellings  in  France  &  Spain.  New 
Orleans  makes  little  figure  at  a  distance. 
Principal  edifices,  a  large  &  fine  Roman 
Catholic  cathedral,  with  4  towers,  the 
state  house,  custom  house,  2  exchanges, 
U.  States'  mint,  &  land  oflSces,  several 
hospitals,  3  theatres,  the  Ursuline  con- 
vent, college,  &  orphan  asylum.  The 
levee,  on  summit  of  the  embankment 
along  the  river,  forms  a  fine  esplanade, 
&  ships  of  the  largest  size  can  discharge 
their  cargoes  close  to  the  bank.  New 
Orleans  is  the  main  outlet  for  the  pro- 
duce of  the  countries  watered  by  the 
Mississippi  &  its  tributaries,  &  the  great 
port  for  the  shipment  of  cotton.  Ton- 
nage, 251,900  14.  Cap.  in  manufs. 
$2,000,000.  New  Orleans  is  connected 
by  a  railway  with  Lake  Borgne,  an  inlet 
of  the  gulf  of  Mexico  lO  m.  distant; 
with  Lake  Ponchartrain  5  m.  distant  by 
railway  &  canal,  &  with  Carrollton  by  a 
railway.  The  city  was  founded  by  the 
French  in  1717.  In  1762  it  was  convey- 
ed to  the  Spanish,  who  in  1800  recon- 
veyed  it  to  the  French  ;  &  in  1803  it  was 
purchased  by  the  United  States,  in  the 
purchase  of  Louisiana.  On  January  8th, 
1815,  the  British,  under  Gen.  Packen- 
ham,  made  an  attack  on  the  city,  ap- 
proaching it  through  Lake  Borgne  ;  but 
they  were  signally  defeated  by  the 
Americans,  under  Gen.  Jackson.  The 
British  loss,  in  killed  &  wounded,  was 
3,000  men,  &  Gen.  Packenham  was 
killed  ;  the  Americans  lost  only  7  men 
killed  &  6  wounded. 

New  Paltz,  p-t.,  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
2,729. 

New  Plymouth,  a  settlement  of  New 
Zealand,  N.  island,  on  its  W.  coast.  P. 
(1844)  1,155. 

Newport,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl.,  co. 
Hants,  in  the  centre  of  the  Isle  of  Wight, 


544 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHT. 


[ne-w 


of  which  it  is  the  cap.,  on  the  navig.  Me- 
dina river. II.  a  river  port  town,  co. 

&  24  m.  S.S.W.  Monmouth,  on  the  U.-k. 
p.  43,455. III.  a  market  town  &  sea- 
port of  S.  Wales,  CO.  Pembn/ke,  on  the 

Irish  sea. IV.  a  market  town  of  Eng- 

Lmd,    CO.   Salop,   on    the    Strine,    17   m. 

B.N.E.  Shrewsbury.     P.  2,497. V-  a 

suburb  of  Launceston,  co.  Cornwall.     P. 

1,068. VI.  city,  on  the  S.W.  shore  of 

Khode  Lsland,  5  in.  from  the  ocean,  &  25 
m.  S.SE.  Provideni-e.  It  stands  on  a 
beautiful  &  gentle  acclivity  fronting  the 
harbor,  is  a  summer  resort  of  the  inhab- 
itants of  the  southern  states,  &  has  an 
agreeable  but  antique  appearance ;  vfith 
manufs.  of  woollen  &  cotton  stuffs,  & 
leather.  Its  harbor  is  good,  &  is  defend- 
ed by  3  strong  forts.     P.  9,563.-^— VII. 

t.,  Penobscot  CO.  Me.    P.  1,138. VIII. 

t.,  Sullivan  co.  N.  H.     P.  1,938. IX. 

CO.,  R.  I.,  consist  of  several  islands  in 
Narragansett  bay,  &  a  portion  of  the  main 
land.     Area,  136  sq.  ra.     Cap.  Newport. 

P.  20,017.. X.  p-t.,  Herkimer  CO.  N.  Y. 

P.  2,126. Xr.  t,  Luzerne  co.  Pa.     P. 

1,099. XII.  p-v.,  cap.  Cocke  co.  Tenn. 

P.  200 XIII.  p-v.,  cap.  Campbell  CO. 

Ky.,  on  the  Ohio  r.,  86  m.  N.N.E.  Frank- 
fort. P.  5,895. XIV.  p-t.,  Washing- 
ton CO.  0.    P.  1,228. XV.  p-v.,  cap. 

Vermilion  co.  la.     P.  200. 

Newport  Pagnell,  a  market  town  of 
Engl.,  CO.  Buckingham,  on  the  Ouse.  P. 
3,569. 

Newport  (Pratt),  a  seaport  town  of 
Irel.,  Connaught,  co.  Mayo,  8  m.  W.N.W. 
Castlebar.  P.  1,091.  The  harbor  is  spa- 
cious &    safe. II.   (Tip),   a   market 

town,  Munster,  co.  Tipperary. 

New  Portland,  Somerset  co.  Me.  P. 
1,620. 

New  Providence,  one  of  the  Bahama 
ISLES.     L.  21  m.,  br.  varies  to  7  m. 

New  Richmond,  p-v.^  Clermont  co.  0. 
P.  1,000. 

New,  r.,  Va.,  after  passing  through 
Peter's  mntns.  is  called  the  Great  Ka- 
nawha.  II.  r.,  Beaufort  dist.  S.  C. 

III.  r.,  La.,  enters  Lake  Mausepa. 

New  Rochelle,  p-t.,  West  Chester  co. 
N.  Y.    P.  2,458. 

Newry,  a  river  port  &  town  of  Ireland, 
Ulster.  P.  11,972.  It  is  well  built,  with 
the  exception  of  some  parts  of  the  old 
town.  The  port  admits  large  vessels  to 
Warrenpoint,  about  4  m.  below  the  town  ; 
&  the  canal,  vessels  of  600  tons  burden. 

New  Salem,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.  Mass. 
P.  1,305. 

New  Scotland,  p-t,  Albany  co.N.  Y. 
P.  3,459. 


New  Sewickly,  t.,  Beaver  co.  Pa.    P. 

1,740. 

New  Sharon,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.  Me. 
P.  1,829. 

New  Shoreham,  t.,  Newport  co.  R.  I; 
P.  1,069. 

New  Siberia,  a  group  of  isls.,  Arctic 
ocean,  off_  the  N.  coast  of  Siberia.  New 
Siberia,  the  most  E.  of  these  isls.,  is  75 
in  length  by  30- m.  in  br. 

New  South  Shetland,  an  archip.  & 
portion  of  mainland,  in  the  Pacific  ocean, 
lat.  61°  to  64°  30'  S.,  Ion.  53°  W.,  &  600 
m.  S.  Tierra  del  Fuego. 

New  South  Wales,  a  colonial  terri- 
tory belonging  to  Great  Britain,  in  its 
widest  sense  comprising  all  the  JE.  |uirt 
of  the  Australian  continent,  S.  of  lat. 
26°  S.,  -&  E.  of  Ion.  141°  E. ;  but  in  a 
more  restricted  sense  it  is  limited  to  thd 
country  bordering  E.-ward  on  the  Pacific 
ocean,  between  lat.  30°  &  37°  3'  S.  (Capo 
Howe),  &  extending  W.-ward  from  Ion. 
153°  E.  to  the  boundary  of  the  colony  of 
S.  Australia.  Estim.  area  of  its  settled 
portions  about  53,100  sq.  m.  P.  196,704. 
The  Blue  Mountains,  which  traverse  th» 
colony  from  N.  to  S.  at  from  30  to  50  m. 
from  the  ocean,  have  an  average  eleva- 
tion of  from  3,000  to  4,000  feet.  Princi- 
pal rivers  are  the  Hunter,  Hawltesbury 
with  its  aflls.,  the  Shoalhaven,  Manning, 
Hasting.',  &  MacLeay,  most  of  which  are 
navigable  for  moderate-sized  vessels  for 
some  distance  inland.  Along  the  coast 
are  several  bays  &  good  harbors,  chiefly 
at  the  mouths  of  rivers.  Sheep-farming 
is  the  principal  branch  of  husbandry,  & 
in  1846  there  were  reported  to  be  nearly 
8  millions  of  sheep  in  the  colony,  besides 
upwards  of  1,400,000  head  of  horned 
cattle,  &  88,000  horses. 

Newstead,  p-t.,  Erie  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
2,899. 

Newstead  Abbey,  Engl.,  co.  &  8J  m. 
N.W.  Nottingham,  in  the  vicinity  of 
Sherwood  Forest,  memorable  as  the  fam- 
ily residence  of  the  celebrated  poet  By- 
ron, founded  in  1170.     ~ 

Newtee,  a  marit.  town  of  Brit.  India, 
38  m.  N.N.W.  Goa. 

Newton,  a  central  co.  Ga.     Area,  460 

sq.  m.     Cap.  Covington.     P.  13,296. • 

II.  S.E.co.  Miss.     Area,  540  sq.  m.    Cap. 

Decatur.      P.  4,465. III.    S.W.   co. 

Mo.     Area,   1,150  sq.m.     Cap.  Neosho. 

P.  4,263. IV.  CO.,  Texas.     P.    1,689. 

V.  p-t.,  cap.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.      P. 

3,900.  The  v.  on  Paulinskill,  is  flourish- 
ing.    P.   900.-^ — VI.  t.,    Gloucester  co. 

N.  J.    P.  1,863. VII.  t.,  Cumberland 

CO.  Pa.    P.  1,499.— ^ VIII.  t.,  Miami  co. 


'—>^- 


new] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


545 


0.     P.  1,242. IX.   p-t.,   Muskingum 

CO.  0      P.  2,568. X.  t,  Licking  co.  0. 

P.  1,247. XI.  p-v.,  cap.  Jasper  CO.  III. 

P.  200. 

NEwft)N- Abbott,  a  market  town  of 
England^  co.  Devon,  on  the  Teign.  P. 
1,902. 

Newton-in-Makerfield,  a  market 
town  of  England,  co.  Lancaster,  15  m. 
W.S.W.  Manchester.     P.  3,126. 

Newton-Stewart,  a  town,  Scotland. 
CO.  &  8  m.  N.  Wigton.     P.  2,172. 

Newtown,  t.,  Fairfield  en.  Conn. 

II.  p-t..  Queen's  co.  N.  Y.    P.  7,208. — - 

in.  p-t.,   Bucks  CO.   Pa.     P.  1,414. 

IV.  a    market  town,    N.  Wales,   co.   & 

8  m.  S.W.  Montgomery. V.  numerous 

smnll  towns  &  vilis.  of  Ireland. 

Newtown-Ardes,  a  seaport  town  of 
Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  Down,  10  m.  E.  Bel- 
fast.    P.  7,621. 

Newtown  (Barry),  a  market  town 
of  Lein.ster,  co.  Wexford,  3  m.  S.  Clonegal. 
P.  1,437. 

Newtown-Limavaddy,  a  mkt.  town 
of  Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  &  15  m.  N.E.  Lon- 
donderry.    P.  3,101. 

Newtown-Stewart,  a  mkt.  town  of 
Irel'd,  Ulster,  co.  Londonderry.    P.  1,405. 

New  Utrecht,  p-t.,  Kings  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  2,129. 

New  Vineyard,  t.,  Franklin  co.  Me. 
P.  927. 

New  Windsor,  p-t.,  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  2,482. 

New  Year's  (Island),  N.  Australia, 
is  off  the  coast  of  Arnhem's  Land,  60  m. 
N.E.  Port  Ess'wgton— (Islands),  S.  At- 
lantic, are  in  lat.  54°  41'  S.,  Ion.  64°  28' 
W.,  &  were  so  named  by  Cook.—  (Range), 
Central  Australia,  is  a  mountain  tract, 
lat.  30°  21'  N.,  Ion.  146°  33^'  E. 

New  York,  one  of  the  middle  U.  S. ;  & 
though  not  the  largest,  yet  in  every  other 
respect,  the  leading  state  of  the  Union ; 
between  lat.  40°  30'  &  45°  N.,  &  Ion.  72° 
&  79°  55'  W.,  having  N.W.  Lakes  Erie  & 
Ontario,  &  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  sepa- 
rating it  from  Upper  Canada,  &  on  other 
sides,  the  states  Pennsylvania,  New  Jer- 
sey, Connecticut,  Massachusetts,  &  Ver- 
mont, except  at  its  S.  extremity,  where 
it  touches  the  Atlantic  ocean,  in  which  it 
includes  Long  Island.  Area.  45,650  sq.  m. 
P.  in  1840,  2,428,957  ;  in  1850,  3,097,394. 
It  is  mostly  an  elevated  region,  with  ex- 
tensive indentations,  watered  by  the  Hud- 
Bon,  Mohawk,  Oswego,  Genesee,  &  other 
rivers,  including  many  affluents  of  the 
Susquehanna.  The  Alleghanies  traverse 
its  B.  part  in  two  parallel  chains,  &  the 
Round- top,  one  of  the  Catskill  mntns.,  is 


3,804  feet  in  height.  It  contains  Seneca, 
Cayuga,  Oneida,  Canandaigua,  George, 
&  many  other  lakes ;  Lake  Chaiuplaia 
forms  a  part  of  its  N.E.  frontier.  Long 
Island,  Staten  Island,  &  Manhattan  are 
also  included  in  this  state.  Soil  in  the 
S.  rather  light  but  fitted  for  pasturage ; 
it  improves  on  proceeding  N.-ward,  &  the 
W.  part  is  a  highly  fertile  country.  All 
the  crops  common  in  Britain  are  raised, 
with  the  addition  of  maize.  The  stock 
of  sheep  is  estimated  at  upwards  of  five 
millions,  or  about  l-5th  the  total  number 
in  the  Union ;  horses  &  cattle  are  more 
numerous  than  in  any  other  state.  In 
the  W  ,  S.W.,  &  "N.E  ,  are  extensive  for- 
ests, -which  produce  $4,000,000  worth  of 
timber  a  year.  Iron  is  abundant ;  &  the 
salt  springs  at  Onondaga  &  elsewhere, 
3,000,000  bushels  of  salt  annually.  Tha 
capital  invested  in  salt  works  being  esti- 
mated at  $5,601,000,  or  5-6ths  of  the 
total  amount  employed  on  the  production 
of  salt  in  the  Union.  Manufs.  are  in 
great  variety,  &  the  foreign  commerce 
is  greater  than  that  of  any  other  state. 
Total  value  of  expts.  (1850),  $52,712,789 ; 
imports,  $111,123^524.  Length  of  canals 
in  operation,  793  tn.;  of  railways,  1,946 
m.  There  are  also  946  m.  of  railways 
in  course  of  construction.  State  debt, 
$23,463,838.  Productive  property,  exclu- 
sive of  school  fund,  $35,115,237.  Ordi- 
nary revenue,  881,241.  This  state  is 
divided  into  59  counties,  &  sends  33  rep- 
resentatives to  Congress.  Princip.  cities, 
Albany,  the  cap..  New  York,  Brooklyn, 
Hudson,  Buffalo,  Oswego,  &  Ogdensburg, 
with  Schenectady  &  numerous  towns 
along  the  line  of  the  Erie  canal.  The 
first  settlement  was  made  by  the  Dutch 
on  Manhattan  island,  in  1614.  In  1664 
the  English  obtained  possession  of  tha 
country ;  in  1673  it  was  retaken  by  the 
Dutch,  but  soon  after  restored  to  the 
English.  The  present  constitution  was 
framed  in  1846.  Governor  &  senators 
elected  biennially. 

New  York,  the  largest  &  most  popu- 
lous city,  principal  seaport,  &  commercial 
cap.  of  the  U.  S.,  on  an  isl.,  near  the  S. 
extremity  of  New  York  state,  between 
the  mouth  of  the  Hudson  river,  &  East 
river,  which  separates  Long  Island  from 
the  mainland  ;  lat.  of  city-hall  40°  42'  7" 
N.,  Ion.  74°  0'  7"  W.  Area  of  city,  in- 
cluding CO..  &  Manhattan  or  New  York 
island  (separated  from  Westchester  co., 
by  Harlem  river,  crossed  by  3  bridges), 
with  some  adjacent  islets,  14,000  acres. 
P.  (in  1850),  515,394.  The  city  occupies 
a  triangular  area,  the  apex  of  which   is 


546 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHT. 


[nia 


covered  by  old,  narrow,  &  crooked  streets, 
but  by  far  the  greater  part  of  New  York 
consists  of  regular  &  handsome  thorough- 
fares, the  principal  of  which,  Broadway, 
intersecting  the  city  throughout,  is  nearly 
4  m.  in  length,  &  bordered  by  shops  or 
stores,  rivalling  those  of  London.  Pearl, 
Cedar,  Pine,  Front,  Water  &  South  sts. 
between  it  &  the  East  river,  are  impor- 
tant marts  of  business,  &  Wall  street  is 
the  seat  of  the  chief  monetary  transac- 
tions. The  battery, Washington  square  in 
front  of  the  N.Y.  university, Union  square 
with  a  handsome  fountain,  are  among 
the  chief  open  spaces  ;  in  the  Park,  an 
area  of  about  11  acres,  is  the  city-hall,  a 
Grecian  edifice  of  marble  &  free-stone, 
216  feet  in  length  by  10.5  feet  in  breadth, 
&  one  of  the  finest  buildings  in  the  Uni- 
ted States.  The  Merchants'  Exchange 
in  Wall  street,  having  a  noble  central 
3ome,  has  been  constructed  at  a  cost  of 
1,800,000  dollars.  Amongst  the  most 
conspicuous  buildings  are  the  custom- 
house, on  the  site  of  the  old  city  hall 
(whereWashington  was  inaugurated  pres- 
ident);  the  university,  Columbia  college, 
the  hall  of  justice,  American  institute,  & 
house  of  detention,  Trinity  church,  a 
splendid  Gothic  structure,  St.  Paul's 
church  with  an  Ionic  portico,  &  a  steeple 
224  feet  in  height,  St.  John's  &  Grace 
churches,  St.  Patrick's  cathedral ;  the  So- 
ciety library,  Astor  library.  Free  acad- 
emy, the  Astor  house.  New  York,  & 
Metropolitan  hotel,  &  Stewart's  store, 
the  largest  &  most  splendid  building  oc- 
cupied in  the  dry  goods  trade  in  America. 
New  York  is  abundantly  supplied  with 
water  from  Croton  water  works,  38  m. 
distant,  formed  at  a  cost  of  12  million 
dollars.  Other  public  institutions  are, 
the  N.  Y.  hospital,  infirmary,  deaf-dumb, 
&  lunatic  as3lums,  &  "  Long  Isl.  farms," 
a  fund  for  provision  of  destitute  children. 
Manufs.  are  in  great  variety,  &  the  total 
capitnl  employed  in  1850  was  estimated 
at  $15,000,000.  The  harbor  is  25  m.  in 
circumference  ;  it  has  3  entrances,  de- 
fended by  several  strong  batteries,  & 
ships  of  the  largest  size  can  come  up  to 
the  city  wharves.  New  York  communi-  - 
cates  by  the  Hudson  &  Erie  canal,  & 
by  the  New  York  &  Erie  railroad  with 
the  W.  States,  Canada  &  the  whole  re- 
gion of  the  great  N.  American  lakes,  of 
which  countries  it  is  the  great  entrepot. 
No.  of  arrivals  in  1850,  3,341  ;  imports, 
$138,334,642  ;  exports,  $60,119,247.  Ton- 
nage, 931,193  74.  The  city  is  divided 
into  20  wards,  &  is  governed  by  a  mayor 
&  common  council. 


New  Zealand,  a  colonial  possession 
of  Great  Britain,  consisting  of  a  chain  of 
3  islands,  with  smaller  isles  in  the  Pa- 
cific ocean,  between  lat  34°  12'  &  47°  20' 
S.,  &  Ion.  166°  &  178°  39'  ^,  about 
1,200  m.  S.E.  Australia.  P.  of  colonists, 
11,948.  Estim.  pop.  of  Aborigines,  110,- 
000.(7)  The  two  principal  islands  extend 
from  N.E.  to  S.W.  in  an  irregular  elon- 
gated shape.  L.  of  both  1,163  m.,  mean 
br.  140  m.  Area,  95,000  sq.  m.,  nearly 
the  extent  of  Great  Britain.  New  Ul- 
ster, or  North  isl.,  is- separated  from  New 
Munster,  or  Middle  island,  by  Cook 
strait;  &  New  Leinster,  or  Stewart  isl., 
a  small  island  61  m.  in  length,  &  about 
the  same  in  breadth,  is  separated  from 
the  S.  extremity  of  New  Munster  by  Fo- 
veaux  strait.  Mount  Egmont,  an  extinct 
cone,  in  W.S.W.  peninsula  of  North  isl., 
has  an  elevation  of  8,840  feet.  Wheat, 
and  other  grains,  &  vegetables  introduced 
by  the  colonists,  are  very  productive,  & 
grazing  grounds  afford  pasture  during  all 
the  year.  The  island  affords  no  indige- 
nous quadrupeds.  Birds  are  numerous. 
The  natives  are  a  tall,  well-made,  active, 
&  intelligent  race  of  the  Malay  family. 
When  the  island  was  visited  by  Captain 
Cook,  in  1769,  they  were  ferocious  can- 
nibals, &  cannibalism  still  lingers  among 
them. 

Nexoe,  a  seaport  town  of  Denmark,  on 
the  E.  coast  of  the  island  Bornholm.  P. 
1,400. 

Nexon,  a  market  town  of  France,  dep. 
Haute  Vienne,  10  m.  S.  Limoges.  P. 
2,160. 

Neyva,  a  town,  New  Granada,  on  the 
Magdalena,  132   m.   S.W.   Bogota.    Its 

chief  trade  is  in  cacao. II.  a  town  of 

Hayti,  70  m.  E.  PortEepublieain,  a  plain 
watered  by  the  river  Neyva,  which  en- 
ters Neyva  bay  on  the  S.  coast.  L.  75 
m.  A  small  river  of  Portugal  has  thia 
name. 

Ngan-hoei,  an  inland  prov.,  China. 
P.  34,168,059. 

Nha-teang,  a  seaport  town  of  Anam, 
with  a  good  harbor  at  a  river's  mouth. 

Nho,  a  town  of  British  India. 

Niagara,  a  river  between  Upper  Can- 
ada &  the  state  of  New  York,  unites  lakes 
Erie  &  Ontario,  the  river  having  a  N. 
course  of  35  m.  from  the  furmer  to  the 
latter,  &  a  total  descent  in  that  distance 
of  334  feet.  It  encloses  numerous  islands, 
the  largest,  Grand  island,  having  an  area 
of  17,000  acres,  &  15  m.  from  Lake  Erie 
it  forms  the  famous  Falls  of  Niagara,  *' 
where  the  river  is  precipitated  over  a  vast 
ledge  of  Silurian  limestone,  forming  two 


NIc] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


647 


cataracts,  separated  by  Goat  island,  500 
feet  in  width.  The  Horse- shoe  fall,  on 
the  Canadian  side,  1,800  feet  across,  & 
158  feet  in  perpendicular  depth,  &  the 
Americaa  falls  600  I'eet  in  bi-eadth,  163 
feet  in  depth,  &  above  which  a  strong 
rude  bridge  crosses  to  Goat  island.  The 
banlcs  rise  to  180  feet  in  perpendicular 
elevation,  &  on  both  sides  of  the  falls,  for 
some  distance  below,  the  stream  forms  a 
rapid,  enclosed  within  a  bed  only  160 
yards  across.  It  has  been  estimated  that 
the  falls  discharge  100  millions  of  tons 
of  water  per  hour.  Arable  suspension 
bridge,  800  feet  span,  &  at  an  elevation 
of  230  feet,  has  been  erected  on  the  riv., 
a  little  above  the  commencement  of  the 

cataract. 11.   a   town,    Upp.  Canada, 

cap.  dist.,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Niagara 
river,  at  its  mouth  in  Lake  Ontario.     It 

is  well   built  &  has  a  brisk  traffic. 

III.  <a  township  on  the  E.  side  of  the 
river,  New  York,  containHlg  Goat  island, 
and  a  portion  of  the  falls.  P.  1,277. — 
Niagara  Falls  is  a  contiguous  vill.     P. 

750. IV.  N.W.  CO.  N.  Y.      Area,  484 

•  sq.  m.     Cap.  Luckport.     P.  42,276. 

NiANGUA,  S.W.  CO.  Mo.  Area,  576  sq. 
m.     Cap.  Buffalo  Head. 

NiAs,  or  PuLO-I^As,  an  island  of  the 
Asiatic  archipelago,  &  one  of  the  largest 
skirting  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra.  L. 
70  ra. ;  av.  br.  16  m. 

NiAZEPETROvsK,  a  mkt.  town  of  Kus- 
sia,  on  the  Ufa,  80  m.  E.S.E.  Krasno- 
Ufinsk. 

NiBE,  a  town  of  Denmark,  12  m. 
W.S.W.  Aalbnrg.     P.  1,200. 

NicANDRO  (St.),  two  towns  of  Naples. 
——I.  prov.  Capitanata,  in  the  peninsula 
of  Garga.no,  10  m.  E.  Lesina.  P.  7,800. 
II.  prov.  &  10  m.  S.W.  Bari.  P.  2,900. 

Nicaragua  (State  of),  a  state. of  the 
Central  American  Confed.,  mostly  betw. 
lat.  10°  &  45°  N.,  &  Ion.  83°  40'  &  87° 
35'  W.,  having  W.  the  state  Guatemala, 
N:  &  E.  the  Mosquito  territory,  E  &  S.E. 
the  Ciiribbean  sea  &  Costa  Rica,  &  else- 
where the  Pacific  ocean.  Estim.  area, 
39,380  sq.  m.  P.  350,000.  It  comprises 
one  of  the  largest  plains  in  the  confed. 
Chief  cities,  Leon,  the  cap.,  Grenada  4 
Nicaragua.  Principal  port,  Realejo.  Ow- 
ing to  perpetual  revolutions,  this  has  be- 
come the  most  wretched.  &  impoverished 
state  of  Cent.  Amer. — Nicaras^ua,  a  town 
in  the  above  state,  on  the  W.  shore  of 
L.  Nicaragua,  38  m.  S.E.  Granada.  P. 
8,000,  but  the  commerce  of  the  lake  is 
mostly  absorbed  by  Granada. — San  Juan 
de  Nicaragua  is  a  seaport  town  on  the 
Caribbean  sea,  Mosquito. 


Nicaragua  Lake,  Central  America, 
lies  mostlv  between  lat.  11°  &  12°  12' 
-N.,  &  Ion.  84°  &  86°  W ,  about  12  miles 
from  the  Pacific  ocean,  &  90  miles  from 
the  Caribbean  sea,  di.^charges  its  surplus 
waters  by  the  river  San  Juan.  L.  N."W. 
to  S.E.,  140  m.;  av.  br.  40  m.  It  is 
adapted  for  ships  of  the  largest  burden, 
being  15  fathoms  in  depth.  Its  surface 
is  about  134  feet  (according  to  another, 
&  official  report,  128  ft.)  above  the  level  of 
the  Pacific;  but  the  surrounding  country 
is  only  undulating,  nowhere  rising  to 
more  than  487  feet,  in  additional  eleva- 
tion, &  the  San  Juan  is  generally  navi- 
gable ;  from  which,  &  other  reasons,  it 
has  long  been  projected  to  establish 
through  it  a  communication  between  the 
Atlantic  &  Pacific  oceans,  &  which  would 
obviate  the  dangerous  passage  for  ship- 
ping around  Cape  Horn.  At  its  W.  end 
this  lake  is  connected  by  a  small  riv.  with 
the  lake  of  Leon  (or  Granada),  from 
which  also  the  cutting  a  canal  or  a  rail- 
way to  the  Pacific,  has  been  eontem- 
phited.     [Panama.] 

Nicaria,  an  island  of  the  Grecian 
archipelago,  belonging  to  Turkey,  12 
miles  W.  Samos.  Area,  50  sq.  m.  P. 
1,000. 

NicAsTRO,  a  town  of  Naples,  cap.  dist., 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  Apennines,  24  m. 
S.  Cosenza.     P.  10,000. 

Nice,  a  seaport  &  episcopal  city  of 
N.  Italy,  98  m.  S.W.  Turin,  with  an  ex- 
cellent port  on  the  Mediterranean,  4  m. 
E.  of  the  French  frontier.  P.  33,811.  It 
is  situated  in  a  plain. 

Nicholas,  co.  W.  Va.    Cap.  Summers- 

ville.     Area,  1,430  sq.  m.     P.  3,963. 

II.  N.E.  CO.-  Ky.     Area,  350  sq.  m.    Cap. 
Carlisle.     P.  14,789. 

Nicholas  (St.),  a  harb.  on  the  N.W. 
side  of  the  isl.-Zea,  Grecian  archipelago. 
— {^Channel),  N.  side  of  Cuba,  60  m.  in 
length,  by  33  m.  in  br. — {Harbor),  Lower 
Canada,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence estuary. — (Point),  th6  N.W.  ex- 
tremity of  the  isl.  Java,  on  the  straits  of 
Sunda. 

NicHOLAsviLLE,  p-v.,  Cap.  Jessamin  co. 
Ky.     P.  700. 

Nichols,  p-t.,  Tioga  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
1,986. 

NicKOJAck,  creek,  Ga.,  issues  from 
a  cove  80  feet  wide,  50  feet  high,  &  li 
miles  long. 

NicKOLAi,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
58  m.  S.E.  Oppeln.     P.  3,320. 

NicoBAR  Islands,  called  by  the  Ma-    ' 
lays,   9  islands,  a  group  of  isls.  in  the 
Indian  ocean,  S.  of  the  bay  of  Bengal. 


548 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GKOGRAPHT. 


[nio 


'Nicola  (San),  4  vills.  of  Naples. 

I.  Caliib.  Ult.  II .  dist    Monteleone.      P. 

1,500. II.  Calab.  rit.  II.,   dist.  Co- 

trune.     P.  1,800. III.  PrinHp.  Ult., 

dist.  Ari.ino      P.  1.300. IV.  T.  di  La- 

voro,  dist.  Caserta.  P.  2,500.— &m  Ni- 
cola is  a  volcanic  isl.  (one  of  the  Tremiti 
isls.),  Adriatic  sea. 

Nicolas  (San),  one  of  the  Cape  Verd 
islands,  Atlantic,  nearly  in  the  centre  of 
the  group.  L.  30  m.,  br.  15  m.  P.  6,000. 
Surface  mntnous.  The  chief  town,  San 
Nicolas,  has  1,400  inhabs. 

Nicolas  (St.),  a  town  of  Belgium,  20 
m.   li.N.E.  Ghent.     P.  20,088. 

'Nicolas  du  Port  (St.),  a  comm.  & 
town  of  France,  dep.  Meurthe,  7  m. 
B.S.E.  Nancy,  on.  1.  b.  of  the   Meurthe. 

P.   3,182. II.  a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep. 

Manche.     P.   1,028. III.  a  comm.  & 

Till.,  dep.  Tarn-ct-Garonne,  on  left  bank 
of  the  Garonne.  P.  1,607— St.  Nicolas 
is  a  headland  &  vill.  of  Hayti,  on  the 
N.W.  side  of  the  island. 

NicoLO  (San),  the  capital  town  of 
the  island  Tinos,  Grecian  archipelago. 
P.  4,000. 

NicOLOsi,  a  town  of  Sicily,  8  m.  N.W. 
Catania,  on  the  S.  slope  of  Mt.  Etna.  P. 
3,600. 

NicopoLis,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, Bulgaria,  on  the  Danube,  56  m.  W. 
Rustchuk.     P.  10,000. 

Nicosia,  a  city  of  Sicily,  14  m.  N.E. 

Castrogiovanni.       P.  13,000. II.  the 

cap.  city  of  .Cyprus. 

NicoTERA,  a  town  of  Naples,  cap. 
cant.,  near  the  gulf  of  Gioja,  13  m.  B.W. 
Tropea.     P.  3,800. 

NicoYA,  a  peninsula,  bay,  river,  &  two 
towns  of  Central  America,  state  Costa 
Rica. 

NiDAU,  or  Nydau,  a  town  of  Switzer- 
land, 16  m.  N.W.  Bern,  at  the  N.  ex- 
tremity of  the  lake  Bienne.     P.  1,228. 

NiDDA,  a  riv.  of  Cent.  Germany,  joins 
the  Maine,  6  m.  W.  Frankfurt.     L.  50  m. 

II.  a  walled  town  of  H.  Darmstadt, 

on  the  Nidda,  19  m.  S.E.  Giessen.  P. 
1,871. 

NiDGULL,  a  town  of  British  India, 
Deecan,  45  m.  E.  Chittledroog. 

NiDOKi,  a  market  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  49  m.  W.N.W.  Vilna.     P.  1,600. 

NiED,  a  riv.,  France  &  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 12  m.  E.N.E.  Metz.     L.  45  m. 

Niederbronn,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town 
of  France,  dep.  B.  Rhin,  26  m.  N.W. 
Strasburg.     P.  2,707. 

NiEDERINGELHEIM,   a  mkt.  tOWU  of  H. 

Darmstadt,  9  m.  W.S.W.  Mayenoe.  P. 
2,008. 


Niederlahnstein,  a  market  town  of 
Germanv,  duchy  N.assau,  33  m.  N-W. 
Wiesb.ickn.     P.  1,927. 

NiEDERSTETTEN,  a  town  of  Wiiitem- 
berg.     P.  1,509. 

NiEFERN,  &  NiEHEiM,  two  Small  towns 

of  Germany. 1.  Baden,  circ.  Middle 

Rhine,  on  the  Enz,  19  m.   E  S  E.  Carls- 

ruhe.     P.  1,279. II.  Prussian  AVest- 

phalia,    18  m.   E.N.E.    Paderborn.      P. 
1,473. 

NiEHL,  a  vill.  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  6 
m.  W.N.W.  Cleves.     P.  1,220. 

NiEMECzYN,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  15 
m.  N.N.E.  Vilna.     P.  1,800. 

NiEMEGK,  a  town  of  Prussia,  27  m. 
S.S.W.  Potsdam.     P.  2,340. 

NiEMEN,  a  river  of  Russian  Poland, 
enters  the  Curische  Haflf,  after  a  total 
course  estimated  at  400  m. 

NiEMEs,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  18  m. 
N.N.W.  Jung  Bunzlau.     P.  3,336. 

NiEMiROv,  Si  market  town  of  Austrian 
Poland,  Galicia,  25  m.  W.  Zolkiev.  P. 
1,900. 

NiEMOKSTZY,  a  market  town  of  Russiaj 
15  m.  W.N.W.  Rossienna,    P.  1,700. 

NiEMTSCHiTZ,  a  market  town  of  Mo- 
ravia, 11  m.  N.E.  Wischau.     P.  1,400. 

NiENBURG,  several^iowns,  &c.,  of  Ger- 
many.  1,  duchy  of  Anhalt   Kothen, 

on  the  Saale,   here  joined  by  the  Boder, 

10   m.N.W.   Kothen.      P.    1,900. II. 

Hanover,  30  m.  N.W.  Hanover,  cap.  co. 

Hoya,  on  the  Weser.     P.  4,100. III. 

Prussian  Westphalia,  25  m.  N.W.  Mun* 
ster.     P.  1,000. 

NiEPPES,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Nord,  13  m.  E.Hazebouck, 
P.  3,451. 

NiERs,  a  river  of  Rhenish  Prussia  & 
the  Netherlands,  after  a  N.W.  course  of 
60  m.  joins  the  Maese. 

NiEHSTEiN,  a  mkt.  town  of  H.  Darm- 
stadt, prov.  Rheni«h  Hessen,  on  tho 
Rhine,  9  m.  S.S  E.  Mayenee.     P.  2,201. 

NiEsucHATscHi,  a  market  town  of 
Russia,  10  m.  N.N.E.  Kowel.     P.  1,500. 

NiEuwpoRT,  a  fortified  town  of  Bel- 
gium, on  the  Yperlee.     P.  3,393. 

NiEuwvELD,  a  mountain  range  of  S. 
Africa, Cape  Colony,  10,000  feet  in  elev. 

NiEVRB,  a  small  river  of  France,  dep. 
Nievre,  joins  the  Loire  on  rt.     L.  25  m. 

NiEVRE,  a  dep.  of  France,  in  the  centre. 
Area,  2,691  sq.  m.  P.  327,161.  Sur- 
face mountainous  &  infertile  in  the  E., 
but  there  are  rich  plains  in  the  W. 

NiGDEH,  Cadyna,  a  town  of  Asia- 
Minor,  pash.  Karamania,  on  a  height,  47. 
m.  N.E.  Eregli.     P.  5,000. 

Niger,  a  celebrated  river  of  Western 


ITllSl] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


549 


Africa,  considered  identical  with  the  Jo- 
liba  or  Quorra,  rises  in  the  Kong  moun- 
tains, near  lat.  9°  25'  N.,  Ion.  9°  45'  W. 
It  flows  N.E.,  &  has  a  general  bend  E. 
&  S.  through  Soudan  &  Guinea,  to  the 
bight  of  Benin  (G.  of  Guinea),  -which  it 
enters  by  a  delta.     L.  2,500  in. 

NiGRiTiA,  or  Soudan,  a  vast  region 
of  Central  Africa^  the  limits  of  which  are 
undefined,  but  it  is  understood  to  be 
bounded  E.  by  Kordofan,  S.  by  the  pa- 
rallel of  lat.  6°  N.,  W.  by  Senegambia, 
&  N.  by  the  desert  of  Sahara.  The  E. 
portion  comprises  the  basin  of  lake  Tchad 
&  lake  Fittre,  &  the  N.  the  course  of  the 
Upper  Niger. 

NiGUA,  a  small  marit.  town  of  Hayti, 
on  its  S.  coast,  10  m.  S.W.San  Domingo, 
&  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Nigua,  in 
the  Caribb.  sea. 

NiJAR-Y-HuEBRO,  a  town  of  Spain,  13 
m.  E.N.E.  Almeria.     P.  5,820. 

NiJNii-NovGOROD,  a  gov.  of  Central 
Russia,  mostly  between  lat.  54°  26'  & 
57°  6'  N.,  &  Ion.  41°  40'  &  46°  38'  E. 
Area,  18,636  sq.  m.  P.  1,178,200.  Sur. 
mostly  level,  soil  very  fertile.  Princi- 
pal rivers,  the  Volga  with  its  affls.^ 

II.  a  town  of  Russia,  cap.  gov.  same  name, 
near  the  angle  formed  by  the  confl.  of 
Oka  with  the  Volga,  263  m.  E.N.E.  Mos- 
cow. Stationary  p.  about  25,060,  but  at 
the  time  of  its  great  fair,  about  200,000 
to  300,000  persons  are  here  collected 
from  all  parts  of  Europe  &  Asia.  Here 
is  held  the  largest  fair  in  the  world,  for 
8  weeks  from  the  1st  of  July  annually,  & 
at  which  goods  have  been  sold  to  the  value 
of  160,597,000  rubles,  or  nearly  6^  mil- 
lion pounds  sterling.  Of  this  amount 
Russian  home  produce  stood  for  122,557,- 
000  rubles,  manufactured  goods  from  the 
rest  of  Europe  &  colonial  produce,  15,- 
035,000  do.,  &  Asiatic  produce  23,005,- 
000  do. 

NiJNY  Tagilsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  in 
the  Ural  mountains,  155  m.  E.  Perm. 
P.  22,000. 

NiKisH,  a  vill.  of  Montenegro,  cap. 
dist.  of  same  name,  34  m.  N.E.  Cattaro. 
P.  6,000. 

Nikita,  a  vill.  of  S.  Russia,  26  m.  S. 
Simferopol. — Nikitinskaia  is  a  market 
town,  gov.  &  40  m.  E.N.E.  Orenburg. 

Nikitovka,  two  mkt.  towns  of  Russia. 

1.  34  m.  W.N.W.  Kharkov.  P.  1,600. 

II.  30  m.  E  N.E.  Valyki.    P.  1,400. 

NiKOLAiEv,  a  fortified  town  of  Russia, 
39  m.  N.N.W.  Kherson,  at  the  confl.  of 
the  Tngul  &  the  Bug.     P.  12,000. 

NiKOLAiKEN,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  12 
m.  E.S.E.  Sensburg.     P.  2,040. 


NiKOLSBtTRG,  a  town  of  Moravia,  28  in. 
S.  Briinn.     P.  8,000. 

NiKOLSK.  a  town  of  Russia,  194  m.  B. 
Vologda,  on  the  Jug.     P.  1,000. 

Nikopol,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the 
Dnieper.     P.  3,470. 

NiKSAR,  a  town  of  Asia- Minor,  pash. 
Sivas,  30  m.  N.E.  Tokat. 

NiKULiNO,  some  small  places  in  Rus- 
sia, &  Russian  Poland. 
.  Nile,  a  great  river  of  E.  Africa,  formed 
by  the  union  of  the  Bahr-el-Ahiad 
(White  river),  &  the  Bahr  -el-  Azrek 
(Blue  river).  The  first,  which  is  regarded 
as  the  true  Nile,  is  supposed  to  rise  on 
the  E.  edge  of  the  table-land  of  E.  Africa, 
about  lat.  2°  S.,  Ion.  34°  E  ,  but  its  source 
is  unknown.  Its  length  from  supposed 
source,  following  its  bends  to  the  sea,  is 
about  3,000  m.  (direct  distance  2,300  m.) 
The  delta  of  the  Nile  commences  at  lat. 
30°  7'  N.,  -where  its  waters  spread  out 
into  numerous  streams  in  the  form  of  a 
triangle,  extending  at  its  l)ase  on  the 
Mediterranean,  over  a  space  of  120  m., 
the  two  principal  mouths  are  the  W.  or 
Rosetta  branch,  &  the  E.  or  Damietta 
branch.  The  others  are  the  Bourlos  & 
Dibe  mouths.  The  system  of  the  Nile 
is  an  anomaly  among  rivers  ;  in  ascend- 
ing its  course  no  affl.  is  met  -with  for 
1,400  m.,  the  first  being  the  Atbara  in 
Nubia,  which  joins  it  on  the  right,  27  m. 
S.Berber.  It  is  the  only  great  tropical 
river,  which  by  its  periodical  inundations, 
fertilizes  a  country  surrounded  through- 
out a  great  part  of  its  course,  by  sandy 
deserts.  The  waters  begin  to  rise  in 
June,  &  they  subside  in  September. 

NiLEs,  p-t ,  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  P.  2,053. 
II.  p-t.,  Berrien  co.  Mich.     P.  1,420. 

NiLKANTHA,  a  town  of  Nepaul,  37  m. 
N.  Khatmandoo. — Nilun  is  a  vill.  of  Ti- 
bet, on  an  affluent  of  the  Upper  Ganges,- 
11,127  feet  above  the  sea. 

NiMAR,  a  dist.  of  India,  bet-ween  tha 
Vindhyan  &  Sautpoora  mntn.  ranges. 
Area,  7,000  sq.  m.  Estim.  p.  250,000. 
Princip.  towns,  Mundlesir  &  Mheysur,  on 
the  Nerbudda.  * 

Nimburg,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  ciro. 
Bunzlau,  on  an  isl.  formed  by  the  Elbe, 
16  m.  S.S.E.  Jung-Bunzlau.     P.  2,700. 

NiMEGUEN,  a  fortified  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  prov.GueIderland,cap.  dist., 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Waal,  here  crossed  by  a 
flying  bridge,  9^  m.  S.  Arnhem.  P.  21,- 
182.  It  has  a  hilly  site,  A  is  irregularly 
built. 

NiMEs,  a  coram.  &  town  of  France,  cap. 
dep.  Gard,  &  at  the  head  of  a  branch  line 
to  Alais,  30  m.  N-E.  Montpellier.  P.  47,- 


650 


CYCLOPEDIA    OP   GEOGRAPHY. 


[nit 


215.  The  town  is  small,  ill  built,  &  much 
inferior  to  its  suburbs.  It  has  a  gothie 
cathedral,  an  old  citadel,  &  a  fine  prom- 
enade,. No  town  in  France  has  so  many 
fine  Roman  remains.  It  has  a  chamber 
of  commerce,  &  a  university  academy  for 
the  deps.  Gard,  Ardeche,  Lozere,  &  Vau- 
cluse.  It  has  important  manufs.  of  silk, 
cotton  &  woollen  goods,  bonnets  &  shawls, 
&  trade  in  grain  &  medicinal  plants. 
Ifimes  is  a  very  anc.  town,  having  been 
subjugated  by  the  Romans  120  years  b.c. 

NiMFi,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor,  23  m. 
E.N.B.  Smyrna. 

NiMisHiLLEN,  a  township,  Ohio,  on 
Nimishillen  creek,  co.  Stark.     P.  1,927. 

NiMPTScH,  a  town  of  Prus.  Silesiif,  29 
m.  S.W.  Breslau,  on  the  Lohe.     P.  2,000. 

Nine  Mile  Prairie,  a  township,  U. 
S.,  N.  America,  Missouri,  co.  Callaway. 
P.  2,059. 

Nineveh,  a  famous  city  of  antiquity, 
the  ruins  of  which  occupy  an  extensive 
space,  around  the  vill.  Nunia,  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Tigris,  275  m.  N.N.W.the 
ruins  of  Babylon. 

NiNG-HIA,  &  NiNQ-KOUE,  tWG  citioS  of 

China,  cap.,  deps. 

NiNGO,  a  decayed  Danish  settlement 
on  the  Guinea  coast,  38  m.  E.N.E.  Acera. 

NiNGOUTA,  a  consid.  town  of  Man- 
chooria,  on  an  affl.  of  the  Amoor,  145  m. 
N.E.  Kirin-oola. 

NiNG-PO,  a  city  of  China,  prov.  Che- 
kiang,  &  one  of  the  five  ports  recently 
opened  to  foreign  trade,  on  the  Takia,  the 
mouth  of  which  is  directly  opposite  Cfau- 
8an,  95  m.  E.S.E.  P.  estim.  at  between 
200,000  &  300,000.  The  city,  6  m.  in 
circ,  enclosed  by  walls  25  feet  in  height, 
&  entered  by  6  gates,  is  surrounded  by 
a  fine  plain  covered  with  vills.  &  water- 
courses. It  has  well-supplied  shops,  a 
temple  of  large  size,  hexagonal  tower, 
150  feet  high  ;  a  missionary  hospital ; 
an  active  trade  in  junk-building,  &  a 
large  manuf.  of  silks  for  export  to  Japan. 

NiNOvE,  a  town  of  Belgium,  on  the 
Dender,  20  m.  S.E.  Ghent.     P.  4,500." 

Nid,  an  isl.  of  the  Grecian  archipel- 
ago, 17  m.  S.W.  Naxos.  Area,  20  sq.  m. 
P.  3,700.     L.  11m.  ;b.  5  m. 

NiORT,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  cap. 
dep.  Deux-Sevros,  34  m.  E.N.E.  La  Ro- 
chelle.  P.  16,860.  It  is  agreeably  situ- 
ated on  the  slopes  of  two  hills,  enclosed 
by  well-planted  promenades. 

NiPHON,  the  princip.  island  of  Japan, 
lat.  of  S.  part,  33°  26'  N.,  &  Ion.  136°  36' 
E.,  separated  N.by  the  strait  of  Matsmai 
from  the  isl.  Jesso,  S.  by  narrow  straits 
from  the  islands  Kiusiu  &  Sikokf,  &  S.W. 


from  Core  a  by  the  strait  of  Corea,  120  m. 
across.  Shape  irregular ;  length  about 
850  m.,  breadth  varies  to  200  m.  Pop. 
uncertain.  Shores  steep,  &  greaHy  in- 
dented by  inlets.  A  mntn.  chain  trav- 
erses the  island  lengthways,  its  principal 
peak,  Fusi,  rising  to  12,000  ft.  in  height. 
Niphon  contains  the  principal  river  of 
Japan,  the  sacred  lake  Fakonea,  &  sev- 
eral volcanoes.  Products  comprise  wheat, 
barley,  buckwheat,  almonds,  figs,  pep- 
per, ginger,  tobacco,  cotton,  &  camphor, 
with  pearls,  ambergris,  an  excellent 
breed  of  horses,  gold,  silver,  copper,  coal, 
naphtha,  &  porcelain  clays.  It  is  subdi- 
vided into  53  provinces  ;  in  it  are  Yeddo 

6  Miako,  the  two  caps,  of  Japan,  &  the 
seaport  towns  Osaki,  Fitats,  &  Foyama. 

NiPissiNG  (Lake),  Upper  Canada,  is 
on  the  N.E.  side  of  Lake  Huron.  Shape 
irregular ;  shores  bold.  L.  50  m.,  gr. 
br.  33  m. 

NiRGUA,  a  town  of  S.  America,  Vene- 
zuela, prov.,  50  m.  W.S.W.  Valencia. 

l^iRis,  a  town  of  Persia,  85  m.  E. 
Shiraz. 

NisHAPOOR,  a  city  of  Persia,  &  in  one 
of  its  finest  valleys,  40  m.  W.S.W.  Meshid. 
P.  8,000. 

Nishnedewitzk,  a  town  of  Russia,  33 
m.  W.S.W.  Voroniej.     P.  1,900. 

Nishnii-Devitzk,  a  town  of  Russia. 
34  ra.  W.S.W.  Voroniej.     P.  1,900. 

NisHNii-LoMOv,  a  towfi  of  Russia,  63 
m.  N.AV.  Penza.     P.  6,990. 

NisHowRA,  a  large  vill.  of  India,  Pun- 
jab, 37  m.  N.W.  Lahore. 

Nisi,  a  riv.  of  Sicily,  enters  the  Med- 
iterranean near  Ali,  after  an  E.  course 
of  10  m II.  a  vill.  of  Greece,  Morea, 

7  m.  W.  Calamata. 

NisiB,  a  vill.  of  N.  Syria,  63  m.  N.B. 
Aleppo,  W.  the  Euphrates. 

NisiBiN,  a  town,  or  vill.  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  90  m.  S.E.  Diarbekir. 

NisiTA,  an  island  of  Naples,  3  m.  S.E. 
Pozzuoli,  in  the  gulf  of  Naples. 

MisKAYUNA,  t.,  Schenectady  co.  N.  Y, 
P.  783. 

NissA,  a  fortified  city  of  Servia,  on  the 
Nissava,  130  m.  S.E.  Belgrade.    P.  4,000. 

NissAvji,  a  river  of.  Servia,  after  a  W. 
course,  of  80  m.,  joins  the  Morava,  8  m. 
W.  Nissa. 

NissDM-FiORD,  an  inlet  of  Denmark, 
on  the  W.  coast  of  Jutland,  15  m.  N.  Rin- 
kioping,  13  m.  in  length,  by  4  in  br. 

Nistelrode,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
12  m.  E.  Bois-le-Duc.    P.  2,136. 

NiTH,  a  river  of  Scotland,  rises  in  co. 
Ayr,  &  joins  Solway  firth.     L.  60  m. 

Niti-Ghaut,  a  pass  across  the  Hima- 


V- 


¥ 


nol] 


UNIVKRSAL    GAZETTEER, 


551 


laya,  between  Tibet  &  the  British  dist. 
Kumaon,  &  in  one  part  16,814  feet  in 
elev.    The  village  Niti  is  on  its  S.  side. 

NivB,  a  river  of  S.  France,  dep.  B.  Py- 
renees.    L.  45  m. 

NivELLE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Nord,  25  m.  E.N.E.  Valenciennes. 

P.  1,570. II.   a  river  of  Spain.     L. 

20  m. 

NivELLES,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov. 
S.  Brabant,  17  m.  S.  Brussels.     P.  7,926. 

NivEBNAis,  an  old  prov.  of  France, 
near  its  centre. 

NiviLLAc,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan,  27  m.  S.E.  Vannes.  P. 
2,890. 

NiXDOKF  (Gross),  a  vill.  of  Bohemiaj 
33  m.  N.N.E.  Leitmeritz.  P.  5,090.— 
Klein  Nlxdorf  is  an  adjacent  village. 

NizA,  a  town  of  Portugal,  21  m.  N.W. 
Portalegre,  near  the  Tagus.  P.  2,250. 
II.  a  vill.  of  European  Turkey,  Al- 
bania. 

NizAMPATAM,  a  marit.  town  of  Brit- 
ish India,  30  m.  S.S.E.  Guntoor. 

Nizam's  Dominion,  India,  Deccan, 
subsid.  to  the  British,  occupies  nearly  the 
centre  of  the  peninsula  of  India.  Estira. 
area  nearly  88,900  sq.  m.,  &  9,500,000. 
On  the  N.  it  is  enclosed  by  the  Sautpoo- 
rah  mountain  ranges,  &  S.E. ward  by  the 
E.  ghauts,  &  it  is  traversed  by  the  Goda- 
very  &  Kistnah  rivers.  Principal  cities, 
Hyderabad,  the  cap.,  Kurnool,  Aurunga- 
bad,  N  EUichpoor. 

NiziER   (St).,   several  comms.  &  vills. 

of  France. 1,  dep.    Loire,    16  m.  S. 

Montbrison.     P.  1,276. II.    {cV  Azer- 

£ues),  a  market  town,  dep.  Ehrme,  14  m. 

W.S.AV.  ViUefranche.     P.  1,869. III. 

(le  Bouchoux),  dep.Ain,17m.  S.W.  Bourg. 
P.  1,665. 

NizzA-MoNFERHATO,  a  towD  of  Pied- 
mont, 17  m.  S.W,  Alessandria.    P.  4,376. 

Njurunda,  a  river  of  Sweden.  L. 
170  m. 

Noakote,  a  town,  N.  Hindostan,  Ne- 
paul,  17  m.  N.W.  Khatmandoo. 

Noale,  a  market  town  of  Austrian 
Italy,  14  m.  N.E.  Padua.     P.  3,300. 

Noanagur  &  NoApooRA,  two  towns  of 
W.  Hindostan,  22  m.  S.W.  Jooria. 

NoBEND-jAN,  a  ruined  city  of  Persia, 
N.  of  Kazeroon. 

NoBB,   N.E.  CO.  la.     Area,   432  sq.  m. 

Cap.   Augusta.      P.  7,946. II    c.  h., 

p-v.,    159  ra.  N.E.  Indianapolis,  la.     P. 

300. III.  t.,  Morgan  co.  0.    P.  1,308. 

IV.  t.,  Shelby  co.  0.     P.  2,210. 

V.  t.,  Rushco.Ia.     P.  1,491. 

NoBBSEOROUGH,  t.,  Linooln  co.  Me. 
P.  2,210. 


NoEBsviLLE,  p-v.,  cap.  Hamilton  co. 
la.    P.  200. 

NoBRA,  a  division  of  Middle  Tibet, 
elev.  mostly  above  11,000  feet,  but  popu- 
lous &  well  cultivated. 

Noceba,  a  decayed  town  of  Central 
Italy,  Pontif.  sta.,  21  m.  E.  Perugia.     P. 

1,114. II.  a  town  of  Naples,   11  m. 

N.W.  Nicastro.     P.  2,300. 

Nocera  DEI  Pagani,  a  town  of  Na- 
ples, on  the  Sarno,  8  m.  N.W.  Salerno. 
P.  7,400. 

Noci,  a  town  of  Naples,  29  m.  S.E. 
Bari.     P.  6,000. 

Nockamixon,  a  tnshp.,  Pennsylva- 
nia, 40  m.  N.  Philadelphia.    P.  2,055. 

Nodaway,  r.,   Mo.,  enters  the  Mo.  r. 

L.  200  m. II.  CO.,  Mo.     P.  2. 118. 

III.  p-t.,  Buchanan  co.  Mo.     P.  1,169. 

Noel  (or  Moni).  an  isl.  off  the  S  W. 

coast  of  Java. IL  an  isl.,  Pacific  S.  of 

the  Sandwich  group. 

NoELGUNGE,  a  fortified  town  of  Hin- 
dostan, 15  m.  W.S.W.  Lucknow. 

Nogaisk,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the  sea 
of  Azov,  65  m.  S.S.E.  Orikhov.  P.  3,000. 
-  NoGARO,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gers,  on  the  Midou,  32  m.  W^N.W. 
Auch.     P.  1,390. 

NoGAT,  the  E.  arm  of  the  river  Vis- 
tula, at  its  delta  in  W.  Prussia. 

NoGENT,  several  comms.  &  town   of 

France,    the    principal    being 1,    {le 

Bernard),  dep.  Sarthe,  9  m.  S.E.   Ma- 

mers.      P.    3,020. II.  (le  Roi),  dep. 

Eure-et- Loire,  9  m.  m.  S.E.   Dreux,  on 

1.  b.  of  the  Eure.      P.   1,320. III.  a 

town,  dep.  II.  Marne,  cap.  cant.,  11   m. 
N.  Langres.     P.  2,834. 

NoGENT-LE-RoTHou,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Eure-et-Loire,  31  m. 
W.S.W.  Chartres.     P.  5,850. 

Nogent-sur-Seine,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Aube,  29  m.  W.N.W. 
Troyes,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Seine.     P.  3,487. 

II.  N.-sur-Marne,  a  comm.  &  vill., 

dep.  Seine,  5  m.  E.  Paris,  on  r.  b.  of  the 
Marne.     P.  2,834. 

NoiHMOUTiEHs.  an  isl.  of  the  Atlantic, 
on  the  coast  of  France,  dep.  Vendee, 
separated  from  the  continent  by  a  nar- 
row channel.  L.  12  m.,  gr.  br.  3  m. — 
Noirmoutiers,  on  the  N.E.  coast,  with  a 
fortress  &  a  harbor.     P.  2,338. 

Noisy-le-Sec,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Seine,  5  m.  N.N.E.  Paris. 
P.  1,170. 

NojA,  two  towns  of  Naples. 1.  9  m. 

S.E.  Bari.    P.  5,400. II.  13  m.  S.S.W. 

Tursi.     P.  f,350. 

NoLA,  a  city  of  Naples,  14  m.  E.N.E. 
Naples.     P.  5,400. 


652 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[nor 


NoLACHucKY,  r.,  N.  C.  &  Tenn.,  en- 
ters French  Broad  riv. 

NoLAY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Cute-d'Or,  on  the  Cuzance.  10  m. 
W.S.W.  Beaune.  P.  2,104.— —II.  a 
comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Nievre,  11m.  N.£. 
Nevers.    P.  1,730. 

Noli,  a  town  of  K  Italy,  8  m.  S.S.W. 
Savona,  on  the  gulf  of  Genoa.     P.  1,975. 

NoLiNSK,  a  town  of  Russia,  62  m.  S. 
Viatka,  on  the  Kurchum.     P.  1,870. 

NoLSOE,  one  of  the  Fseroe  isls.,  E.  of 
Sandoe.  6  m.  in  length  by  2  in  br. 

NoLYE,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  29  m. 
W.S.W.  Oojein. 

NoMBRE-uE-Dios,  a  town  of  the  Mexi- 
can confederation,  dep.  &  60  m.  E.  Du- 
rango.  P.  6,800. II.  a  port  of  Amer- 
ica, New  Granada,  dep.  Isthmus,  on 
the  Caribbean  sea,  40  m.  N.E.  Panama. 

NoMENY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Meurthe,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Seille. 
P.  1,324. 

NoNANCOURT,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Euro,  on  the  Avre,  18  m. 
S.  Evreux.     P.  1,410. 

NoNANTOLA,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  9  m. 
N.E.  Alodena. 

None,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  12  m.  S.W. 
Turin.     P.  2,538. 

NoNTRON,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Dordogne,  on  the  Bandiat,  23  m. 
N.  Perigueux.     P.  2,561. 

NooAHEEVA,  the  largest  of  the  Mar- 
quesas isles,  Pacific  ocean,  near  the  cen- 
tre of  the  group.     L.  18  m.    P.  18,000.('?) 

NooKHUR,  a  town  of  British  India,  17 
m.  W.S.W.  Seharunpoor. 

Noon,  a  cape  &  river  of  Africa.    [Nun.] 

NooRABAD,  a  vill.  of  India,  13  m. 
N.N.W.  Gwalior. — Noorcondy  is  a  town, 
Deccan. 

NOORDBROEK,      &      NOORDWOLDE,     twO 

vills.   of   the   Netherlands 1.    13   m. 

E.,  &  II.  4  m.  N.,  Groningen. 

NoORDWYK-BlNNEN,     a    viU.     of    the 

Netherlands,  in  the  Dunes,  7  m.  N.W. 
Leyden.     P.  2,000. 

NooTKA-SouND,  an  inlet  of  Brit. 
Amer.,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Vancouver 
isl.,  lat  49°  35'  N.,  Ion.  126°  34'  W., 
forming  an  excellent  harbor  10  m.  across, 
with  deep  water,  &  numerous  islets. 

Nora,  a  town  of  Central  Sweden,  IB 
m.  N.N.W.  Orebro.     P.  900. 

NoRBERG,  a  mining  town  of  Sweden. 

Norcia,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  Pon- 
tif  sta.,  18  m.  E.  Spoleto.     P.  3,530. 

Nord,  dep.  of  France,  in  the  N.  of  that 
cpuntry.  Area,  2,278  sq.  m.  P.  1,158,285. 
Surface  generally  flat,  &  watered  by  nu- 
merous streams. 


NoRDBORG,  a  town  of  Denmark,  duchy 
Schleswig,  on  the  island  Alsen,  13  m. 
E.N.E.  Apenrade.     P.  1,100. 

NoRDEN,  a  town  of  Hanover,  14  m. 
N.W.  Aurich.     P.  5,651. 

NoRDENBURG,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia, 
48  m.  S.E.  Konigsberg.     P.  2,350. 

NoRDERNEY  &  NoHDEROOG,  two  islauds 
in  the  N.  sea. 

NoRDHALBEN,  a  market  town  of  Ba- 
varia, circ.  Upper  Franc,  on  the  Eodach, 
30  m.  N.  Baireuth.     P.  1,354. 

NoRDHAusEN,  a  fortified  town  of  Prus- 
sian Saxony,  38  m.  N.N.W.  Erfurt,  on 
the  Zorge.     P.  12,950. 

NoRDHEiM  or  NoRTHEiM,  Several  towns 
of  Germany. 1.  Hanover,  principal- 
ity &  12  m.  N.  Giittingen,  on  the  Ruhme. 

P.  4,033. II.   Saxe-Weimar,    on  th» 

Fulda,  N.E.  Eisenach.     P.  1,480. 

NoRDHORN,  a  town  of  Hanover,  44  m. 
W.N.W.  Oinabriick,  on  the  Veehte.  P. 
1,411. 

NoRDKOPiNG,  a  town  &  port  of  Swe- 
den, on  the  Motala,  near  its  mouth  in 
the  Baltic,  85  m.  S.W.  Stockholm.  P. 
11,440. 

NoHDKYN,  the  most  N.  point  of  the 
mainland  of  Europe,  45  m.  E.  of  N.  Cape. 
Lat.  71°  5'  N. 

NoRDLAND,  a  diocese  or  great  division 
of  Norway,  having  S.  the  Atlantic. 
Area,  comprising  the  Loflfoden  islands, 
15,050  sq.  m.  P.  65,990.  Chief  town 
Bodoe. II.  the  N.  division  of  Iceland. 

NoRDLiNGEN,  a  fortfd.  town  of  Bavaria, 
on  the  Goldbach,  50  m.  S.W.  Niirnberg. 
P.  6,464. 

NoHDSTRAND,  an  island  of  Denmark, 
off  the  W.  coast  of  Schleswig,  15  m.  N.E. 
the  mouth  of  the  Eder.  Area,  20  sq.  m. 
P.  3,000. 

NoRE  (The),  a  part  of  the  estuary  of 
the  English  river  Thames,  E.  of  Sheer- 
ness.  The  Nore  light  floats  on  a  sand- 
bank, 4  m.  N.E.  Sheerness.  Lat.  51°  29' 
N.,  Ion.  0°  48'  W. 

NoRENBERG,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pom- 
erania,  40  m.  E.  Stettin,  on  Lake  Enzig. 
P.  1,760. 

Norfolk,  a  large  marit.  co.  of  Engl., 
on  its  E.  side,  having  N.  &  E.  the  N.  sea. 
Area,  2,024  sq.  m.  Coast  line  low,  &  but 
slightly  indented.  Soil  in  a  few  parts 
marshy,  but  mostly  a  light  sandy  loam, 
well  suited  to  turnips  &   barley,  which 

form  the   chief  crops.     P.  433,803. 

II.  a  seaport  town  of  Virginia,  on  Eliz- 
abeth river,  8  m.  above  Hampton  roads, 
Chesapeake  bay,  &  24  m.  S.W.  the  mouth 
of  the  bay.  It  occupies  a  low  site,  A  is 
irregularly  built,  with  numerous  churches 


kor] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


553 


&  schools,  &  near  it  a  marine  hospital,  & 
Gosport  U.  S.  navy  yard.  Its  harbor  has 
18  feet  water,  &  is  defended  by  two  forts. 

Trade  considerable.     P.  14,326.-^ III. 

a  tnshp.  of  New  York,  co.  St.  Lawrence, 

on  Rachel   river.      P.    1,728. IV.  a 

township  of  Upper  Canada,  co.  Norfolk, 
dist.  &  54  m.  E.S.E.  London,  on  the  N. 
coast  of  L  ko  Erie. V.  {Bay),  Tas- 
mania, an  inlet  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Van 
Diemen's  Land,   20  m.  E.  Hobart  Town. 

VI.  (Island),  Pacific  ocean,  between 

New  Zealand  &  New  CalcMJonia,  in  lat. 
29°  S.,  Ion.  168°  10'  E.,  about  1,200  m. 

E.N.E.  Sydney. VII.  (Neic),  a  dist. 

of  Tasmania.      Area,    1,500  sq.  m. 

VIII.  {Plains),  a  dist.  of  Tasmani;!,  hav- 
ing N.  Bass'  strait.  Area,  2,250  sq.  m. 
— JVisM  Norfolk  is  a  name  formerly  ap- 
plied to  the  coast  line  of  Russian  America, 
from  Admiralty  bay  to  Baranov  island  ; 
&  Norfolk  sound,  on  this  coast,  is  a  bay 
oji  the  W.  side  of  King  Geo.  III.  arch- 
ipelago,   on  which  is   the  Russian  town 

Sitka,  or  New  Archangel. IX.  E.  co. 

Mass.     Area,  400  sq.  m.     Cap.  Dedhani. 

P.  78,892. -X.  S.E.  co.  Va.    Area,  544 

eq.  m.    Cap.  Norfolk.    P.  33,036. XI. 

a  township  of  Conn ,  30  m.  W.N.W. 
Hartford.     P.   1,393. 

NoRic  Alps,  that  portion  of  the  great 
Alpine  chain  stretching  from  theRhfetian 
Alps,  about  Ion.  12°  15'  E.,  in  an  E. 
direction  to  Vienna  &  Presburg. 

NoRiNSK,  a  market  town  of  Russian 
Poland. 

NoRKA,  a  large  vill.  of  Russia.  P. 
4,500. 

Norland,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  York, 
W.  Riding.     P.  1,670. 

Normandy,  an  old  prov.  of  France,  in 
the  N.W.,  the  cap  of  which  was  Rouen. 

Norman  Isles,  comprise  the  Channel 
islands,  Jersey,  Guernsey.  &c.  ' 

NoEOY,  several  comms.  &  mEt.  towns 
of  France. 

NoRRENT-FoNTES,"  a  comm .  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Pas-de-Calais.  10  m.  W.N.W. 
Bethune.     P.  1,480. 

NoRRiDGEWocK,  t.,  cap.  Somerset  co. 
Me.,  32  m.  N.  Augusta.     P.  1,848. 

NoRRisTOWN,  p-b.,  cap.  Mcfntgomery 

CO.  Pa.     P.  3,000. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Pope 

CO.  Ark. 

NoRRiTON,  t.,  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  P. 
1,411. 

NoRETLEJE,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden, 
37  m.  N.E.  Stockholm,  on  the  Baltic. 
P.- 1,050. 

NoRT,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Loire  Inf.  on  the  Erdre,  16  m.  N.N.E. 
Nant«s.     P.  1,566. 

24 


North  Adams,  a  vill.  of  Massachu- 
setts,  105  m.  W.N.W.  Boston.     P.  2,000. 

Northallerton,  a  town  of  England, 
CO.  &  30  m.  N.N.\¥.  York,  W.  Riding. 

Northampton,  t.,  Summit  co.  0.     P 

963. II.  E.  CO.;  Pa.    Area,  1,100  sq.  m! 

Cap.  Easton.     P.  40,235. III.  co.,  E. 

Va.     Area,  320  sq.  m.    Cap.  Eastville. 

P.  7,498. IV.  N.E.  CO.,  N.  C.     Area, 

546  sq.m.    Cap.  Jackson.    P.  13,335. 

V.  t.,  cap.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.,  on  the 
Conn.,  93  m.  W.  Boston.  P.  5,278.  The 
V.  is  handsomely  built.  A  fine  bridge, 
1,080  feet  long,  connects  it  with  Hadley. 

VI.  p-t.,  Fulton  CO.  N.  Y.     P.  1,526. 

VII.  t.,  Burlington  CO.  N.J.  P.  6  813. 

VIII.   t.,  Bucks  CO.  Pa.     P.  1,694. 

IX.  a-  town  of  England,  cap.  co.,  on 

the  navigable  Nen.  The  town,  chiefly  N. 
&  E.  the  river,  stands  on  elevated  ground, 
&  has,  e.specially  viewed  from  the  S.,  a 
handsome  appearance.  It  is  well  built, 
&  has  many  broad  &  good  thoroughfares, 
&  a  spacious  mkt.  square.     P.  33,858. 

North  &  South  Akron,  t..  Summit 
CO.  0.     P.  1,655. 

Northamptonshire,  a  central  co.  of 
England.  Area,  1,016  sq.  m.,  or  650,240 
ac,  about  half  of  which  is  grass  land. 
Surface  finely  diversified  with  gentle 
bills  &  vales,  richly  wooded,  &  adorned 
with  an  unusual  number  of  mansions  & 
parks.     P.  213,784. 

North  Beaver,  t.,  Beaver  co.  Pa.  P. 
2,293. 

North  Berwick,  t.,  York  co.  Me.  P. 
1,461. 

North  Borough,  t.,  Worcester  co. 
Mass.     P.  1,348., 

North  Bridge,  t.,  Worcester  co.  Masa. 
P.  1,449. 

North  Bridgewater,  t.,  Plymouth 
CO.  Mass.     P.  2,616. 

North  Brookfield,  t.,  Worcester  co. 
Mass.     P.  1,485. 

North  Brunswick,  a  tnshp..  New 
Jersey,  on  the  Raritan,  &  comprising 
New  Brunswick  city.    P.  5,866. 

North  Cape,  the  extreme  N.  point  of 
Europe  (exclusive  of  Spitzbergen),  on  an 
isl.  off  the  mainland  of  Norway,  lat.  71° 
10'  N.,  &  Ion.  25°  50'  E.  The  name  is 
also  applied  to  headlands  in  Nova  Scotia, 
Prince  Edward  island.  New  Georgia, 
Brazil,  &  Van  Diemen's  Land,  &c. 

North  Carolina,  one  of  the  southern 
U.  S.,  mostly  between  lat.  33°  50'  &  36° 
30'  N.,  &  Ion.  75°  45'  &  84°  W..  having 
N.  Virginia,  W.  Tennessee,  S.  Georgia. 
&  South  Carolina,  &  E.  the  Atlantic.  L. 
430  m. ;  br.  180  m.  Area,  about  48,000 
sq.  m.     P.   in    1840,   753,419f  of  when? 


664 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


NOR 


245,817  were  slaves ;  in  1850,  868,903, 
of  whom  288,412  were  slaves.  The  coast 
is  bordered  with  sandy  isls. ;  a  marshy 
flat  extends  from  the  sea  inland  for  60  or 
80  m.,  intersected  by  creeks  &  estuaries, 
the  principal  of  which  are  Albemarle  & 
Pamlico  sounds,  having  between  them 
the  great  Alligator  swamp.  N.  of  this, 
extending  into  Virginia,  is  the  great 
Dismal  swamp.  The  cultivated  portion 
of  the  state  is  undulating  &  tolerably  fer- 
tile ;  &  its  E.  part  comprises  a  portion 
of  the  Appalachian  mtjtn.  chain,  which 
here  rises  in  sev.  peaks  to  upwards  of 
6,000  ft.  in  ht.  Princip.  rivers  the  Koan- 
oke,  Chowan,  jSfeuse,  Cape  Fear,  Pamli- 
co, Yadkin.  The  climate  of  the  low 
swampy  plains  is  unhealthy  ;  on  the  ele- 
vated parts  of  the  state  the  air  is  pure  & 
salubrious.  Rice  &  cotton  are  the  chief 
crops  in  the  lowlands  ;  wheat  of  inferior 
quality,  rye,  barley,  oats,  &  flax  are  pro- 
duced elsewhere  ;  tobacco,  maize,  &  va- 
rious fruits,  including  grapes,  are  raised 
in  every  part.  The  pitch  pine  is  of  very 
prevalent  growth,  &  affords  tar,  turpen- 
tine, pitch,  &  wood  for  export.  Hogs 
are  roared  in  large  numbers.  Principal 
mineral  products,  iron  &  gold,  which  last 
produces  to  the  value  of  $250,000  annu- 
ally. Cap.  in  manufs.  about  $4,000,000. 
249  m.  of  railways  are  in  operation,  & 
223  m.  in  course  of  construction.  State 
debt  $977,000.  Eev.  8219,000.  Owing 
to  the  want  of  harbors,  most  part  of  the 
foreign  trade  is  conducted  through  the 
adjacent  states.  The  first  permanent  set- 
tlement made  in  N.  Carolina  was  about 
1660  ;  it  &  S.  Carolina  were  called  the 
country  of  Albemarle.  The  constitution 
fadopted  1776)  consists  of  a  senate  of  50 
i  a  house  of  commons  of  120  members, 
&  a  governor,  elected  biennially  by  the 
people.  It  is  divided  into  79  cos.,  & 
sends  8  representatives  to  congress. 

North  Castle,  a  t.,  Westchester  co. 
N.  Y.,  6  m.  N.  AVhite  Plains.     P.  2,189. 

North  Chenango,  t.,  Crawford  co.  Pa. 
P.  1,210. 

North  Coelorus,  t.,  York  co.  Pa.  P. 
1,540. 

North  East,  p-t.,  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  1,555. II.   p-t.,   Erie  co.  Pa.     P. 

1,793. III.  t..  Orange  co.  la.    P.  1,027. 

North-East-Pass,  or  Balize,  is  a 
vill.,  Louisiana,  on  the  .S.  side  of  the  Pass 
of  same  name,  with  about  200  inhabs., 
mostlj'  pilots. 

Northern  Circars,  a  prov.  of  Brit. 
India,  extending  along  the  W.  side  of 
the  bay  of  Bengal,  from  lat.  15°  to  20° 
N.     Area,  17,000  sq.  m.     P.  2,995,481. 


Northfield,  t.,  Merrimac  co.  N.  H. 

P.  1.413.- II.  t.,  Franklin   co.  Mass. 

P.  1,673. III.  t.,  AVashington  co.  Vt. 

P.  2,922. IV.  t.,  Richmond  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  4,020. V.  p-t..  Summit  co.   Ohio. 

P.  1,031. 

North  Haven,  t.,  New  Haven  co.  Conn. 
P.  1,349. 

North  Hempstead,  p-t.,  &  cap.  Queens 
CO.  N.  Y.,  20  m.  E.  New  York  city.  P. 
4,291. 

North  Hero,  t.,  cap.  Grand  Isle  co. 
Vt.,  71  m.  N.W!  Montpelier.  P.  716.  It 
comprises  an  island  in  Lake  Chajcnplain. 

North  Huntingdon,  t..  "Westmoreland 
CO.  Pa.     P.  1,873. 

North  Kingston,  t.,  Washington  co. 
R.  I. 

Northleach,  a  market  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  &  20  m.  E.S.E.  Gloucester.  P. 
1,290. 

North  Middleton,  t..  Cumberland  co. 
Pa.    P:  1,999. 

Northport,  t.,  Waldo  co.  Me.   P.  1,207. 

North  Providence,  t..  Providence  co. 
R.I. 

North  River,  Mass.,  enters  Mass.  bay. 

North  Salem,  p-t.,  AVestchester  eo. 
N.  Y.     P.  1,161. 

North  Sea,  or  German  Ocean,  a 
branch  of  the  Atlantic  ocean,  extending 
from  the  strait  of  Dover  to  the  Shetland 
islands ;  bounded  E.  by  Norway  &  Den- 
mark, S.  by  Hanover,  the  Netherlands, 
Belgium,  &  France,  '&  W.  by  the  British 
islands.  Length,  700  m. ;  extreme  bdth. 
420  m. 

North  Sewickly,  p-t.,  Beaver  co.  Pa. 
P.  2,992. 

North  Shenang,  t..  Crawford  co.  Pa. 
P.  1,210. 

North  Stonington,  t.,  N.  L.co.  Conn. 
P.  2,269. 

North  Strabane,  t.,  Washington  co. 
Pa.     P.  1,207. 

Northumberland,  co..  Pa.    Area,  440 

sq.  m.    Cap.  Sunbury.    P.  23,272. II. 

CO.  E.  Va.    Area,  240  sq.  m.  Cap.  Heatbs- 

ville.    P.  7,498. III.  p-t.,  Saratoga  co. 

N.  Y.  p.  1,672. IV.  p-b.,  Northum- 
berland CO.  Pa.  P.  1,000.— V.  the  most 
N.  CO.  of  England,  having  N.AY.  Scotland. 
Area,  1,871  sq.  m.  Surface  in  the  W. 
occupied  by  the  Cheviot  mountains,  &  by 
wild  moorlands."  P.  303,535.  Agriculture 
fullj'  on  a  par  with  the  best  farming  cos. 

^VI.  a  maritime  co.  of  New  S.  AVales, 

E.  Australia,  having  N.  the  Hunter  river. 

Area,  2,342  sq.  m.     P.  13,335. VII. 

(Cape),  S.  Australia,  is  in  lat.  38°  3'  00" 

S.,  Ion.  140°  37'  E. VIII.  {Islands), 

are  off  the  E.  coast  of.  Australia,  lat.  21° 


nor] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


655 


30'  S.,  Ion.  150°  E. IX.  (Inlet),  British 

N.  America,  a  bay  W.  of  Cumberland 
island,  &  N.  of  Frobisher  strait,  its  en- 
trance in  lat.  65°  N.,  Ion.  65°  W. 

Northwest  Fork,  hundred,  Sussex  co. 
Del.     P.  3,187. 

Northwest  Territory,  is  the  name 
applied  to  Brit.  America,  W.  of  Canada, 
the  great  lakes,  &  Moose  river. 

North  Whitehall,  p-t.,  Lehigh  co.  Pa. 
P.  2,324. 

Northwich,  a  market  town,  England, 
CO.  &  17i  m.  E.N.E.  Chester.     P.  1,368. 

Nohthwood,  t.,  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. 
P.  1,172. 

North  Woodbury,  t.,  Bedford  co.  Pa. 
P.  1,994. 

North  Yarmouth,  t.,  Cumberland  co. 
Me.     P.  2,824. 

Norton,  t.,  Bristol  co.  Mass.  P.  1,545. 
n.  t..  Summit  co.  Ohio.     P.  1,479. 

Norton- Chipping,  a  market  town  of 
England,  co.  &  20  m.  N.N.W.  Oxford.  P. 
3,031. 

Norton  Sound,  a  large  inlet,  Behring 
sea,  Russian  America,  between  lat.  62° 
&  65°  N.,  &  Ion.  161°  &  167°  W.  L.  & 
br.  at  entrance,  200  m.  each. 

Norunga,-  &  NoRUNGABAD,  2  towns 
of  British  India. 

NoRWALK,  t.,  Fairfield  co.  Conn,  on  L. 
I.  sound.  The  b.  on  both  sides  of  Nor- 
walk  river,  is  a  place  of  some  activity. 
The  town  was  burned  by  the  British, 
under  Gov.  Tryon,  July  17th,  1779.     P. 

4,651. II.  t.,  Huron  co.  Ohio.   P.  2,613. 

The  vill.  is  a  growing  place.     P.  2,000. 

Norway  (Kingdom  of),  a  country  of 
N.  Europe,  united  to  the  crown  of  Swe- 
den, &  forming  the  N.W.  part  of  the 
Scandinavian  peninsula,  cap.  Christiania. 
It  extends  from  Cape  Lindesnaes  lat.  57° 
57'  8",  to  the  North  Cape  lat.  71°  10'  3" 
N.,  &  between  Ion.  4°  50'  &  31°  15' E., 
bounded  E.  by  Sweden  &  Russian  Lap- 
land, W.  by  the  German  ocean,  &.  by  the 
Arctic  ocean,  &  S.  by  the  Skager-rack. 
Length,  1,150  m. ;  breadth,  7  to  270  m. 
Area,  122,008  sq.  m.  P.  1,328,471.  The 
great  peninsula  of  Norway  &  Sweden,  is 
-a  continuous  mountain  mass  traversed 
by  valleys.  These  mountains,  the  Scan- 
dinavian Alps,  cover  more  than  half  the 
surface  of  Norway.  The  W.  &  N.  parts  of 
the  peninsula  form  a  continuous  plateau, 
descending  abruptly  towards  the  W. ; 
while,  on  the  other  side,  the  mountains 
slope  gently  to  the  S.E.  The  only  plains 
are  those  formed  by  the  table-lands, 
which  extend  from  60  to  80  m.  in  length, 
&  have  an  elev.  of  3,600  to  4,620  ft.  The 
nintns.  of  Norway  contain  rich  minerals  ; 


but,  from  the  difficulty  of  transport  & 
the  want  of  fuel,  mining  industry  is  but 
little  developed.  Narrow  belts  between 
the  coasts  &  the  commencement  of  the 
plateaux,  are  the  only  low  lands  in  Nor- 
way. The  W.  shores  are  penetrated  by 
an  immense  number  of  gulfs  or  Jiords, 
which  occasionally  extend  deep  into  the 
table-lands.  Some  of  the  fiords  form  ex- 
cellent harbors  ;  but  the  immense  num- 
ber of  mountainous  isls.,  &  rocky  islets 
which  border  the  coast,  render  access 
difficult.  A  great  part  of  the  E.  side  of 
Norway  is  covered  with  lakes,  whicli, 
however,  are  generally  of  small  extent. 
Scandinavia,  from  its  vicinit^y  to  the  sea, 
has  a  remarkably  mild  climnte  consider- 
ing its  northern  position.  In  Siberia  the 
cultivation  of  grain  ceases  at  lat.  60°  ; 
while  in  Norway  it  extends  to  lat.  70° 
N.  The  sea  never  freezes,  even  at  N. 
Cape,  but  the  shallow  water  of  the  Ska- 
ger-rack is  occasionally  frozen  in  winter. 
The  forests  of  fir  extend  N.  to  the  Polar 
circle,  &  those  of  pine  bej'ond  it.  The 
oak  forms  fine  forests.  The  birch  attains 
the  highest  northern  latitude.  Fruit 
trees  are  not  indigenous  in  Norway,  al- 
though the  wild  apple  is  common  in  the 
lower  regions,  <&  the  cherry  is  widely 
distributed.  Flowers  are  successfully 
cultivated  in  the  gardens  of  the  S.  &  W- 
The  principal  grain  of  Norway  is  barley  ; 
the  other  cerealia  are  cuUivated  only  in 
favored  spots  in  the  S.  The  rearing  of 
cattle  is  the  chief  occupation  of  the  p. 
of  the  mountainous  disi:ricts,  who,  like 
the  Swiss,  leave  the  vills.  &  spend  the 
summer  with  their  flocks  &  herds  in  the 
upper  valleys.  In  the  N.  the  reindeer 
is  the  only  resource  of  the  Laplander. 
The  most  destructive  wild  animals  are 
brown  bear,  wolf,  &  lynx;  these  with  the 
fox  &  others,  are  hunted  for  their  skins. 
Manufactures,  properly  so  called,  scarce- 
ly exist  in  Norway.  Brandy  distilleries 
&  saw-mills  are  the  only  extensive 
branches  of  indu.'try.  Commerce  in  the 
interior  of  the  country  is  greatly  impe- 
ded for  want  of  means  of  communication  ; 
none  of  the  rivers  are  navigable  except 
near  their  mouths.  Good  roads  exist 
only  between  the  towns  of  the  S.  coast  & 
the  principal  valleys  in  Nordland  &  Fin- 
mark.  Nearly  the  whole  pop.  of  the 
kingdom  are  Northmans,  or  Normanns. 
The  Laplanders  &  Fins,  people  the  en- 
tire of  the  N.  portion  of  the  country. 
The  Norwegian,  or  Norsk,  is  one  of 
the  Teutonic,  or  German  languages,  & 
is  nearly  allied  to  the  Swedish  &  Danish." 
Norway  is  a.  free,  independent,  &  indi- 


656 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHT. 


[nov 


visible  state,  only  united  under  the  same 
sovereign  with  Sweden.  Lutheranism  is 
the  state  religion.  There  are  few  coun- 
tries in  Europe  where  elementary  in- 
struction is  more  widely  spread  than  in 
Norway  ;  every  peasant  cnn  read,  &  many 
can  write  &  cast  accounts.  In  1848  the 
army  amounted  to  23,484  men;  &  the 
navy,  2  frigates,  9  smaller  vessels,  &  8 
steamers,  having  in  all  132  guns,  &  50,000 
men.  Public  revenue  (1848-51)  estimated 
at  2,715,700  specie  dollars.  The  com- 
mercial fleet  of  Norway  in  1849,  num- 
bered 4,122  vessels,  measuring  139,776! 

lasts,  &  manned  by  19,675  seamen. 

II.  t.,  Oxford  CO.  Me.     P.  1,786. III. 

t.,  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.     P.  1,046. 

Norwegian,  t.,  Schuylkill  co.  Pa.  P. 
3,812. 

Norwich,  a  city  &  river-port  of  Eng- 
land, cap.  CO.  Norfolk,  &  a  co.  of  itself, 
on  the  Yare,  here  crossed  by  10  bridges, 
18  m.  W.  Yarmouth,  &  100  m.  N.N.E. 
London.  P.  68,196.  The  city,  about  5  m. 
in  circ,  is  bordered  on  the  N.  &  E.  by  the 
river  ;  elsewhere  it  was  formerly  enclosed 
by  walls,  flanked  with  towers  &  entered 
by  twelve  gates,  but  these  have  been 
mostly  removed.  Norwich  was  long 
famous  for  its  worsted  manuf ,  established 
by  Flemings,  who  settled  in  it  in  the  time 

of  Henry  I.,  but  this  has  declined. 

II.  a  city  &  township  of  Conn.,  on  the 
Thames,  at  the  head  of  its  navigation, 
35  m.  S.E.  Hartford.  P.  10,265.  Its 
streets  rise  above  each  other  in  tiers,  up 
the  declivity  of  a  steep  hill ;  &  in  its  cen- 
tre is  a  large  triangular  space,  the  prin- 
cipal church.  In  the  vicinity  are  several 
vills.,  with  country  residences  &  factories. 

III.  t.,  Windsor  CO.  Vt.     P.  2,218. 

IV.  p-t.,   cap.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y., 

112  m.  W.  Albany.     P.  3,615. 

NossEN,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circ.  &  19 
m.  W.  Dresden,  on  the  Frieberg-JIulde. 
P.  2,040. 

Noss-HEAD-,  a  bold  rocky  point  on  the 
E.  const  of  Scotland,  co.  Caithness. 

Noss-IsLAND,  one  of  the  Shetland  isls. 

NoTiPEKAGO,  W.  CO.  Mich.  Area,  500 
sq.  m. 

NoTO,  a  city  of  Sicily,  16  m.  S.W.  Sy- 
racuse.    P.  10,770. 

NoTO  (Val  di),  an  old  division  of  Sicily. 

Notre    Dame,     numerous  comms.  & 

vills.  of  France. 1,  {de   Bondeville), 

dep.  Seine  Inf.     P.  1,918. II.  {de  Ce- 

nilly),  dep.  Manche.     P.  2,166. III. 

{de  Mont),  dep.  Vendee.     P.  2,696. 

IV.  {de  Liesse),  a  town,  dep.  Aisne,  ar- 
rond.  Laon,  near  1.  b.  of  the  Souche.  P. 
1,224 


Notre  Dame  Bay,  Newfoundland, 
N.E.  const. 

Nottawasaga,  a  river  of  Upper  Caii- 
ada.     L.  60  miles. 

Notteroe,  an  island  of  >'orway.  L.  7 
m.,  av.  br.  3  miles. 

Nottingham,  a  mnnufacturing  town 
of  England,  cap.  co.  Nottingham,  &  a  co. 
of  itself,  on  the  Leen,  close  to  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Trent,  15^  m.  E.N.E.  Der- 
by. P.  58,418.  It  stands  atthe  foot,  & 
on  the  declivity,  of  a  rocky  eminence, 
crowned  by  Nottingham  castle. '  Many 
of  the  streets  are  steep,  narrow,  &  irregu- 
lar. Nottingham  is  the  great  centre  of 
the  lace  &  bobbin-net   manuf.   in   Engl. 

II.  t.,    Rockingham  co.  N.  H.      P. 

1,193.— -III.  t,  Mercer  co.  N.  J.  P. 
5,109. 

Nottinghamshire,  a  central  co.  of 
England,  having  N.  the  co.  York.  Area, 
837  sq.  m.  Surface,  except  in  the  vale 
of  Trent,  diversified  with  gentle  hills,  <fc 
here  &  there  exhibiting  considerable  re- 
mains of  its  ancient  famous  royal  forest, 
or  Shire-wood.     P.  294,458. 

Notting-Hill,  Engl.,  co.  Middlesex, 
is  a  suburban  hamlet  of  London. 

Nottoway  river,  Va.,  &  N.  C,  joins  the 

Meherrin.     L.  110  ra. II.  co.  E.  Va. 

Area,  290  sq.  m.  P.  8,437.— Nottoway 
c.  H.,  the  cap.  is  67  m.  S.W.  Richmond. 

III.  p-t.,  St.  Joseph'sco.  Mich.     P. 

1,226. 

Nouaille  (La),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Creuse,  9  m.  S.W.  Aubus- 
son.  P.  1,440. — Nouic  is  a  vill.,  dep.  H. 
Vienne,  7i  m.  S.W.  Bellac.     P.  1,500. 

NousHEEA,  several  small  towns  &  vills. 
of  the  Punjab,  Affghanistan,  &c.,  20  m. 
N.W.  Attock. 

NouvioN,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aisne,  24  m.  N.E.  St.  Quentin.  P. 
2,071. 

NovAiA.  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  87  m. 
W.S.W.  Koursk.     P.  1,000. 

NovARA,  a  city  of  N.  Italy,  Piedmont, 
on  a  hill  between  the  Agogna  &  Terdop- 
pio,  27  m.  W.  Milan.  P.  with  comm. 
18,514.  It  is  partly  enclosed  by  ram- 
parts &  ditches,  defended  by  a  castle,  &" 
has  a  noble  cathedral. 

Nova  Scotia,  a  peninsula  of  North 
America,  forming  a  British  colonial  ter- 
ritorv,  betw.  lat.  43°  35'  &  45°  40'  N.,  & 
Ion.  60°  35'  &  66°  10'  W.,  connected  N.W. 
with  New  Brunswick  by  an  isthmus  14 
m.  across,  &  separated  on-  the  N.  from 
Prince  Edward's  island  by  Northumber- 
land inlet,  &  by  a  narrow  strait  froai 
Cape  Breton  on  the  N.E.,  having  on  other 
sides  the  Atlantic  &  the  bav  of  Fundv. 


.•ttMflH^'t 


;ov] 


UNIVEKSAL    GAZETTEER. 


567 


Estim.  area,  15,620  sq.  m.  P.  276,117. 
Surface  greatly  diversified,  &  well  wa- 
tered. Coal  alDounds  in  its  W.  part. 
Rivers  numerous,  &  Lake  Ro.»signul  in 
the  S.  is  30  miles  in  length.  Shores  ir- 
regular, abrupt,  &  present  numerous 
harbors,  with  deep  water  close  to  land. 
Only  a  very  small  portion  of  the  soil  is 
under  culture,  but  in  some  partg  it  is 
very  fertile,  yielding  most  of  the  grains 
raised  in  Great  Britain,  with  potatoes. 
Principal  towns  are  Halifax,  the  cap.,  & 
chief  seat  of  commerce,  Annapolis,  Liv- 
erpool, Pictou,  &  Windsor. 

Nova  Zembla  (properly  Novaia  Zem- 
LIA,  "new  land"),  an  insular  region,  in 
the  Arctic  ocean,  considered  to  be  com- 
prised in  Europe,  &  dependent  on  the 
Russian  gov.  Arkhangel.  L.  470  m.,  & 
av.  br.  56  ra.  It  consists  of  two  islands 
separated  by  the  channel  Matotshkin- 
shar.  Its  coasts  are  frequented  by  wal- 
rus hunters  in  summer,  but  nowhere  per- 
manently inhabited.  Subterranean  stone 
labyrinths  of  great  antiquity  have  been 
discovered  here. 

NovAWESz,  a  vill.  of  Prussia,  2  m.  E. 
Potsdam.     P.  3,150. 

NovELDA,  a  town  of  Spain,  13  m.  W. 
Alicante.     P.  8,095. 

NovELLARA.  a  town  of  Italy,  duchy  & 
16  m.  N.W.  Modena.     P.  4,070. 

NovEMiASTO,  several  towns  of  Poland. 

L  Prussian  Poland,  32  m.  W.NW. 

Posen.     P.   2,400. II.   47  m.  S.S.AV. 

Warsaw.     P.  2,100. III.   prov.  &   40 

m.  E.N.E.  Plock,  on  the  Sonna.     P.  500. 

IV.  Pruss.  Poland,  32  m.  S.E.  Posen, 

on  the  Warta.    P.  1,000. V.  Austrian 

Poland,   Galicia,    31   m.  E.N.E.    Saaok. 

VI.  (Kovczyn),  39m.  S.'Kielce.     P. 

1,100. 

NovENTA,  two  vills.  of  Austrian  Italy. 

-I.  18  m.  S.S.W.  Vicenza.     P.  3,900. 

II.  (di  Piave),  on  the  Piave,  17  m. 

N.E.  Venice.     P.  2,000. 

NovEs,  a  town  of  Spain,  15  m.  N.W. 
Toledo.     P.  2,450. 

NovEs,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Bouches-du-RhOne,  19  m. 
N.E.  Aries.     P.  1,027. 

Novgorod,  a  gov.  of  Russia,  between 
lat.  57°  &  61°  N.,  &  Ion.  30°  &  40°  E. 
Area,  estim.  at  47,026  sq.  m.    P.  907,100. 

Novgorod,  a  city  of  Russia,  cap.  gov., 
on  the  Volkhof,  near  its  exit  from  the 
Lake  Ilmen,  &  here  crossed  by  a  hand- 
some granite  bridge  of  12  arches,  100  ra. 
S.S.E.  St.  Petersburg.  P.  16,000  (is  .'aid 
to  have  amounted  to  400,000  in  the  15th 
century,  but  since  1570,  it  has  fallen  into 
decay). 


Novgokod-Severskoie,  a  town  of 
Russia,  109  m.  E.N.E.  Tchernigov.  P. 
8,000. 

NovGRAD-VoLYNSKi,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, cap.  circ  ,  on  the  Slutsch,  62  miles 
W.N.W.  Jitomir.    P.  4,800. 

Novi,  three  towns  of  Italy. 1.  Sar- 
dinia, div.  Genoa,  cap.  prov.  &  mand.,  in 
the  plain  of  Marengo,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Apennines,  14  m.  S.E.  Alessandria.  P. 
of  comm.,  10,278.  On  the  adjoining 
plain  the  French,  under  Joubert.  was 
defeated  in  1799  by  the  Austro  Russian 

army  under  Suwarrow. II.  duchy  & 

20  m.   N.  Modena.     P.   2,500. III. 

Naples,    18   m.    S.S.W.   Capaccionuovo. 
P.  2,000. 

Novi,  a  town  of  Bosnia,  40  m.  W.N.W. 

Banyaluka. II.  a  maritime  town  of 

Hungarian  Croatia,   12   m.  N.W.  Zeng. 

P.  2,000. III.  p-t.,  Oakland  co.  Mich. 

P.  1,351. 

Novi-Bazar,  a  town  of  Bosnia,  on  an 
affl.  of  the  Morava,  130  m.  S.E.  Bosna- 
Serai.     Estimated  p  8,000. 

Novidvor,  a  market  town  of  Poland, 
prov.  &  36'  m.  N.N.E.  Bialystok,  with 
1,500  ihhabs. 

Novigrad,  a  small  seaport  town  of  the 
Hungarian  LiLtorale,  on  the  Morlacca 
channel,  22   m.   S.E.  Fiume.     P.  2,500. 

II.  {N.-  Volynsk),  a  town  of  Russian 

Poland,  62  m.  AV.N.W.  Jitomir,  on  the 
Slutsch.     P.  4,800. 

NoviTA,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  New 
Granada,  50  m.  E.  the  Pacific,  &  130 
m.  S.W.  Antioquia.     P.  2,000. 

NovocHECHMiNSK,  a  town  of  Russia, 
95  ra.  S.E.  Kasan.     P.  1,800. 

NovocHOPERSK,  a  town  of  Russia,  110 
m.  E.S.E.  Voroniej,  on  the  Choper.  P. 
1,800. 

NovoDMiTRiEvsKOE,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, 105  m.  W.S.W.  Saratov.     P.  2,100. 

NovoEVANOVKA,  a  market  town  of 
Russia,  82  m.^S.E.  Koursk.     P.  1,470. 

NovoFEDOROVKA,  a  mkt-  town  of  Rus- 
sia, 93  m.  S.E.  Koursk.     P.  1,680. 

NovoGRUDEK,  a  town  of  Russia,  80  m. 
E.  Grodno.     P.  4,100. 

NovoiDUBAssARii,  a  town  of  Russia, 
43  m.  N.N.W.  Tiraspol,  on  the  Dniester. 
P.  2,000. 

-Novoi-OsKOL,  a  town  of  Russia,  92  m. 
S.E.  Koursk.     P.  5,000. 

NovoLi.  a  town  of  Naples,  7  m. 
V/.N.W.  Leece.     P.  3,100. 

NovoMESTO,  a  town  of  Russia,  76  m. 
NN.E.  ic'id.igov,  on  the  Iput.  P. 
2,000. 

NovoMiRGOEOD,  a  town  of  Russia,  155 
ra.  N.K.Vv'.  Kherson.     P.  3,000. 


558 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[nttl 


Novomoskovsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  18 
m.  N.E.  Jekaterinoslav.     P.  7,380. 

NovoPETROVKKOE,  a  market  town  of 
Russi.i,  55  m.  N.W.  Kherson,  on  the  Bug. 
P.  1,730. 

Novo  Redondo,  a  seaport  town  of  the 
Portuguese  posses.sions  of  S.W.  Africa,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  river  Redondo  in  the 
Atlantic. 

NovoROD-SiEVERSKOi,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, 108  m.  E.N.E.  Tchernigov,  on  the 
Desna.     P.  8,000. 

NovoHSHEV,  a  town  of  Russia,  68  m. 
S.E.  Pskov,  on  the  Lake  Podso.  P. 
2,000. 

NovosELiTZA,  a  town  of  S.  Russia,  27 
m.  E.S.E.  Chotin.     P.  3,500. 

NovosiL,  a  town  of  Russia;  86  m.  S.W 
Tula,  on  the  Narutch.     P.  2,000. 

Novo-TcHEEKAsK,  a  town  of  Russia, 
cap.  of  the  country  of  the  Don  Cossacks, 
on  the  Don,  240  m.  E.S.E.  Jekaterinoslav. 
P.  10,000. 

NowAGHUR,  two  small  towns  of  India. 
Nowinwow,  a  town  of  Poland,  16  m. 
N.W.  Warsaw.     P.  1,500. 

NowsHARRA,  a  town  of  Scinde,  70  m. 

S.E.  Roree. II.  a  vill.  of  the  Punjab, 

8  m.  N.  Leia. 

Noxubee,  E.  go.  Miss.  Area,  680  sq. 
m.     Cap.  Macon.     P.  16,299. 

NoYA,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  21m. 
W.  Siintiago.     P.  1,600. 

NoYAL-MuziLLAc,  a«omm.  &  vill.  of 
France,    dep.    Morbihan,    14    m.    E.S.E. 

Vannes.     P.   2,3S0. II.  (Pontivy),  a 

comm.  &  market  town,  same  dep.,  3  m. 
E.  Pontivy.  P.  3,320.— (sur- HZame), 
dep.  lUe-et-Vilaine,  6  m.  E.  Rennes.  P. 
3,307. 

NoYEN,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Sarthe,  17  m.  S.W.  Le  Mans. 
P.  1,247. 

NoYERs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Yonne,  10  m.  S.  Tonnerre.  P. 
1,873. 

NoYON,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Oise,  42  m.  E.N.E.  Beauvais.    P.  5,089. 

ISozAY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Loire  Inf.,  24  m.  N.  Nantes.  P. 
2,760. 

NozzANO,  a  market  town  of  Italy.  4 
m.  W.S.W.  Lucca.     P.  2,400. 

Nubia,  a  country  of  E.  Africa,  on  the 
Red  sea,  situated  between  hit.  11°  &  24° 
N.  &  Ion.  28°  &  39°  E. ;  bounded  E.  by 
Red  sea,  S.  by  Abyssinia,  W.  Darfur,  & 
the  Great  Desert,  &  N.  by  Egypt.  Area 
estimated  at  35,000(7)  sq.  m.,  &  pop.  at 
4QJD,000.(?)  It  is  divided  into  Lower  Nu- 
bia, extending  from  the  frontier  of  Egypt 
to  Dongola  (lat.  18°  N.);  &  Upper  Nu- 


bia from  Dongola  to  Abyssinia.  Nu- 
bia is  situated  almost  entirely  in  the  val- 
ley of  the  Nile,  which  is  here  so  narrow 
as  to  leave  no  space  for  cultivation  on  its 
banks,  &  the  productive  districts  occur  in 
the  gorges  betvreen  the  mountains  &  the 
islands.  A  desert  of  sand  &  rocks,  with 
some  small  fertile  oases,  extends  E.  from 
Lower  Nubia  to  the  Red  sea.  In  Upper 
Nubia  the  country  is  more  varied. 

NuDDEA,  a  dist.  of  British  India,  in 
the  delta  of  the  Ganges,  Area,  3,105  sq. 
m.     P.  estimated  at  1,187,000. 

Nueces  (Rio  de  las),  a  riv.  of  Texas, 
enters  the  Laguna  del  Madre,  120  m.  N. 
the  mouth  of  the  R.  Grande  del  Norte, 
after  a  S.E.  course  of  400  m. 

Nueil-sous-Passavant,  a  comm.  & 
market  town  of  France,  dep.  Maine-et- 
Loire,  15  m.  S.W.  Saumur.     P.  1,800. 

Nueva  Segpvia,-  a  small  town  of 
Central  Amer.,  state   Nicaragua,  on  the 

Segovia  river,  110  m.  N.N.E.  Leon. 

II.  a  pretty  town,  Luzon  {Philippines), 
on  the  Tajo,  in  the  N.  part  of  the  island. 

III.  a  name  of  the  Blewfields  river, 

Central  America. 

NUEVAS    GrANDES,    &    NUEVITAS    DEL 

Principe,  2  ports  on  the  N.  coast  of  the 
isl.  of  Cuba. 

NuEviTAS  (L.ifS),  a  harbor  on  the 
N.E.  coast  of  Cuba,  35  m.  E.  Puerto 
Principe,  of  which  it  is  the  port.  L.  15 
m.,  by  half  as  much  breadth;  its  en- 
trance is  I  m.  across. 

NuEvo  Santander,  a  town  of  the 
Mexican  confed.,  cap.  dep.  Tamaulipas, 
on  the  river  Santander,  120  m.  N.W. 
Tampico. 

Nu-Gariep,  a  river  of  S.  Africa,  betw. 
the  territory  of  the  Cape  Colony  &  the 
Hottentots. 

NuGGEENA,  a  town  of  British  India,  47 
m.  N.N.W.  Moradabad. 

NuGGUR,  a  strongly  fortified  town  of 

Hindostan,  67  m.  S.   Jeypoor. II.    a 

town,  Bundeleund,  81  m.  S.S.W.  Chatter- 
poor. 

NuiTS,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Cote-d'-Or.  on  the  Meuzin,  8  m.  N.E. 
Beaune.     P.  3,404. 

NuJiHABAD,  &  NuJiFGHUR,  two  towns 
of  British  India. 

NuLCHiTTY,  a  vill.  of  British  India,  8 
m.  N.W.  Backergunge,  on  an  arm  of  the 
Giinges. 

NuLDiNGAH,  a  town  of  British  India, 
74  m.  N.N.E.  Calcutta. 

NuLEs,  a  town  of  Spain,  12  m.  S.W. 
Castellon-de-la- Plana.     P.  2,873. 

NuLvi,  a  vill.  of  Sardinia,  cap.  mand., 
prov.  &  11  m.  E.S.E.  Sassari.     P.  2,780. 


NYS] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZKTTKER. 


539 


NuMMUL,  a  thriving  town  of  the 
Punjab,  on  the  Indus,  24  miles  E.  Kala 
Bagh. 

Nun,  a  cape  &  river  of  Morocco. 

II.  the  central  branch  of  the  Niger,  at 
its  delta,  in  the  gulf  of  Guinea.  Total  1. 
120  m. 

Nun,  a  river  of  Manchooria,  E.  Asia, 
joins  the  Songari.     L.  500  m. 

NuNDA,  t.,  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
2,637. — Nunda  valley,  in  the  above,  is  a 
V.  with  1,000  inhabs. 

NUNDEAL,    &   NUNDEEBAE,    tWO    tOWnS 

of  Brit.  India. 

Nuneaton,  a  market  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Warwick,  on  the  Anker. 

Nunez,  or  Kakundy,  a  riv.  of  W. 
Africa,  Senegambia,  enters  the  Atlantic 
ocean. 

NuNivAK,  an  isl.  of  Russian  America, 
in  Behring  sea,  off  Capes  Avinoif'&  Van- 
couver, lat.  60°  N.,  Ion.  165°  to  167°  W. 

Nun's  Island,  Hebrides,  close  to 
lona. 

NuORO,  a  town  of  the  isl.  Sardinia,  78 
m.  N.N.E.  Cagliari.     P.  comm.  3,671. 

NuR,  a  town  of  Poland,  prov.  Piock,  on 
the  Bug,  63  m.  E.N.E.  Warsaw. 

NuEA,  a  river  of  N.  Italy,  duchy  Par- 
ma, rises  in  the  Apennines,  &  after  a 
N.N.E.  course  of  45  m.  joins  the  Po. — 
Ponte  Nura  is  a  vill.  on  this  -river  &  the 
.ffimilian  way,  6  m.  from  its  mouth. 

Nurnberg,  a  city  of  Bavaria,  cap. 
circ,  Midd.  Franconia,  on  the  Pegnitz, 
which  divides  the  city  in  2  parts.  P. 
45,381.  It  is  built  in  a  picturesque 
style,  &  surrounded  by  walls  &  battle- 
ments. It  is  now  the  great  centre  of 
the  manuf.  of  German  wooden  clocks  & 
toys,  which  are  circulated  to  all  parts  of 
the  globe. 

NuRPUR,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Himalaya  mntns.,  60  m.  N.E. 
Amritsir.     P.  8,000. 

NuRRi,  a  vill.  of  the  isl.  of  Sardinia,  8 
m.  E.  Isiii.     P.  comm.  2,154. 

NuRsiNGHUR,  a  town  of  India,  38  m. 
N.5l.  Saugur. — Also  a  petty  state,  50  m. 
NE.  Oojein. — Nursingpoor  is  a  town, 
presid.  Bombay,  dist.  &  91  m.  E.S.E. 
Poonah. 

NuRTiNGEN,  a  town,  Wiirtemberg,  on 
the  Neckar,  13  m.  S.S.E.  Stuttgart.  P. 
3,982. 

Nusco,  a  town  of  Naples.  6  m.  S.W. 
St.  Angelo  di  Lombardi.     P.  4,000. 
'   NusLOCH,  a  mkt.  town  of  Baden,  6  m. 
S.  Heidelberg.     P.  2,054., 

NussDORF,  three  vills.  of  the  Austrian 

doms. 1.  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Da-  '■ 

nube,  4  m.  N.  Vienna.     P.  2,000. IL  I 


W.  Hungary,  ca.  &  26  m.  N.E.  Presburg. 

P.  1,096. III.  adjacent  to  the  latter. 

P.  1,306. 

NussEEEABAD,   two  towns   of  British 

India,  presid.  Bengal. II.  Dpp.provs., 

dist.  &  12  m.  S.E.  Ajmere. — Nusseerpoor 
is  a  town  of  Scinde,  18  m.  N.E.  Hydera- 
bad. 

NuTZTs,  a  headland  of  S.  Australia,  in 
lat.  32°  2'  18"  S.,  Ion.  132°  25'  E.— The 
Nuyts  archipelago  stretches  along  the 
coast  mostly  between  Ion.  133°  &  134° 
E.     Principal  island,  St.  Francis. 

Nyack,  a  vill..  New  York,  on  the 
Hudson  river,  108  miles  S.W.  Albany. 
Steamers  ply  from  it  to  New  York. 

Nyamtz,  a  town  of  Moldavia,  on  a 
hill,  62  m.  N.N.W.  Jassy. 

Nyarpet,  a  towii  of  British  India,  65 
m  N.W.  Madras. 

Nyassi  ("  the  sea"),  a  considerable 
lake  of  S.E.  Africa. 

Nyborg,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on  the 
isl.  Fuhnen,  18  m.  E.S.E.  Odense.  P. 
3,200. 

Nyekjobing,    several    small    seaport 

towns  of  Denmark. ^I.  island  Seeland, 

on  the  Isefiord,  38  m.  W.N.W.  Copen- 
hagen.    P.  900. II.  island  Falster.  on 

the   Giddborg  sound.     P.  1,600. III. 

Jiitland,  44  m.  W.S.W.  Aalborg.  P. 
1,106. 

Nyir  Bathor,  a  market  town  of  Hun- 
gary, 30  m.  N.E.  Debreczin.     P.  3,250. 

Nyireghyhaza,  a  mkt.  town  of  E. 
Hungary,  29  m.  N.  Debreczin.    P.  15,740. 

Nykeek,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
near  the  Zuyder  Zee,  10  m.  S.W.  Har- 
derwyk.     P.  3,800. 

Nykoping,  a  laen  or  dist.  of  Sweden, 
in  the  E.,  having  S.E.  the  gulf  of  Both- 
nia. Area,  2,507  sq.  m.  P.  114,920. 
Surface  mostly  hilly,  but  interspersed 
with  fertile  valleys. — Nykoping,  a  sea- 
port town  of  Sweden,  cap  Isen,  on  an  in- 
let of  the  Baltic,  53  m.  S.W.  Stockholm. 
P.  2,912.  It  is  one  of  the  finest  towns  of 
the  kingdom. 

Nymphenbueg,  a  vill.  of  Upper  Ba- 
varia, 4  m.  N.N.W.  Munich.     P.  1,119.- 

Nynarcoil,  a  town  of  British  India, 
17  m.  N.W.  Hamnad. 

Nyon,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Vaud,  21  m.  S.W.  Lausanne,  on  the 
N.W.  shore  of  the  lake  of  Geneva.  P. 
2,464. 

Nyons,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Drume,  on  the  Aigues,  33  m.  N.E. 
Avignon.     P.  3,251. 

Nystad,  a  seaport  town  of  Finland, 
38  m.  N.W.  Abo,  on  the  gulf  of  Bothnia. 
P.  2,000. 


560 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GKOGRAI'IIY. 


[OBO 


Nysted,  a  small  marit.  town  of  Den- 
mark, on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  Laa- 
land.     P.  1,000. 


Oakham,  t.,  'Worcester  co.  Mass.      P. 

1,038. II.  mkt.  town  of  England,  cap. 

CO.  Rutland,  11  m.  W.N.TV.  Stamford. 
P.  2,739. 

Oakland,  E.  co.  Mich.     Area,  900  sq. 

m.     Cap.  Pontiae.     P.  31,270. II.  t., 

Oakland  co.  Mich.,  58  m.  from  Detroit. 
P.  1,000. 

Oakland  College,  p-v.,  Claiborne 
CO.  Miss.  Tha  college  is  25  m.  N-N-E. 
Natchez. 

Oasis,  a  word  meaning  a  fertile  tract 
surrounded  by  a  desert,  but  applied  es- 
pecially to  those  in  the  Lybian  desert, 
under  the  Egyptian  dom. ;  the  Great 
Oasis  being  120  m.  "W.  Thebes;  the 
Western  Oasis  40  m.  further  W.  ;  &  the 
Lesser  Oasis  100  m.  S.W.  Eayoum. 

Oatlands,  a  dist.  of  Tasmania  (Van 
Diemeri's  Land). 

Oaxaca,  a  dep.  of  the  Mexican  con- 
fed.,  in  its  S.  part.  Area,  32,650  .":q.  m. 
P.  500,278.  Its  N.  part  ia  traversed  by 
the  great  eordillera  extending  cast- 
ward  from  the  table-land  of  Mexico. 
Chief  cities,  Oaxaca,  Tehuantepec,  & 
G-uichico  vi . —  Oaxaca  the  cap.  of  the  above 
dep.,  on  the  Rio  Verde, -200  m.  S  6.E. 
Mexico.  Estimated  pop.  25,000.  It  is 
one  of  the  handsomest  cities  in  the  con- 
federation. 

Oban,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co. 
Argyle,  on  Oban  bay,  20  m.  N.W.  Inve- 
rary.     P.  1,398. 

Obdohsk,  the  most  N.  station  in  tho 
gov.  Tobolsk,  Siberia,  on  the  Obe. 

Obe,  one  of  the  great  rivers  of  Siberia ; 
its  basin,  estimated  to  comprise  1,357,000 
sq.  m.  is  situated  between  tha?  of  the 
Yenisei  &  the  Ural  mntns.  It  rises  by 
two  principal  soiirces  in  the  Little  Altai, 
enters  near  lat.  67°' N.,  Ton.  72°  B.,  after 
a  total  course  of  2,000  m.—  The  gulf  of 
Obe  is  the  wide  estisary  of  the  above  riv., 
forming  an  inlet  of  the  Arctic  ocean. 

O-Becse,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co. 
Bacs.  on  the  Theiss,  26  m.  N.N.E.  Peter- 
wardein.     P.  9,400. 

Ober  (Upper),  a  prefix  to  the  names 
of  numerous  places  in  Germany. 

Oberalp,  a  pass  and  small  lake  of 
Switzerland,  cant.  Uri. 

Ober  Dkauburg,  a  market  town  of 
Illyria,  42  m.  W.  VUlach.     P.  3,000. 


Obergestelen  &  Oberwald,  the  two 
highest  vills.  in  the  valley  of  the  Rhone, 
Switzerland. 

Oberhausen,  two  vills.,  Baden. 

Oberholfabhun,  a  market  town  of 
Lower  Austria,  28  m.  N.W.  Vienna.  P. 
2,688. 

Ober  ILaufungen,  a  market  town  of 
Hessen  C»ssel,  7  m.  E.S.E.  Cassel.  P. 
2,161. 

Oberkirch,  an.  old  -walled  town  of 
Baden.     P.  1,200. 

Oberlin,  p-v.,  Lorain  co.  0..  the  seat 
of  Oberlin  collegiate  institute. 

Oberland  (The),  Switzerland,  com- 
prises all  the  cant.  Bern,  S.  of  the  L. 
Thun. 

Obehmorlen,  a  vill.  of  H.  Darmstadt, 
16  m.  S.  Giessen.     P.  1,728. 

Obernai,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Rhiu,  14  m.  JST.  Schelestadt.  P. 
4,823. 

Oberpahlen,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia, 
52  m.  E.N.E.  Pernau. 

OberNberg,  a  market  town  of  Upper 
Austria,  44  m.  W.  Linz,  on  the  Inn.  P. 
1,740. 

Obehnburg,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Main,  35  m.  W.N.W.  Wurtzburg.  P. 
1,773. 

Obeendorf,  a  town,  "WUrtemberg,  43 
m.  S.W.  Stuttgart.     P.  1,654. 

Obernkirchen,  a  town  of  Germany, 
on  the  Aue,  9  miles  E.  Minden.  P. 
1,862. 

Obersitzko,  a  town  of  Prussian  Po- 
land, 28  m.  N.W.  Posen.     P.  2,000. 

Obsrstdorf,  a  market  town  of  Bava- 
ria, on  the  Iller,  29  m.  E.S.E.  Lindau.  P. 
1,910. 

Ober  stein,  atownof  N.Germany,  6  m. 
E.N.E.  Birkenfeld.  P.  2,261.— Ob ersten- 
feld  is  a  vill.,  Wurtemberg.     P.  1,432. 

Oberwesel,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 19  m.  S.SJ3.  XJoblentz,  on  the  Rhine. 
P.  2,300. 

Obidos,  a  fortified  town  of  Portugal, 

&  45  m.  N.  Lisbon.     P.  3,000. II.  a 

town  of  Brazil,  prov.  Para,  on  the  1.  b. 
of  the  Amazon.     P.  6,000. 

Obies,  riv.,  enters  the  Cumberland  r., 
Tenn. 

Obion,  N.W.  co.  Tenn.  Area,  700  sq. 
m.     Cap.  Troy.     P.  7,633. 

Obispo,  a  small  river  of  the  isthmus 
of  Darien,  joins  the  Chagres  near 
Cruces. 

Obligado,  a  vill.  of  the  Plata  confed- 
eration, on  the  river  Parana,  near  Buenos 
Ayres. 

"Obojan,  a  town  of  Russia,  32  m.  &: 
Koursk.     P.  5,500. 


ode] 


UNIVEKSAL    GAZKTTEER. 


661 


Obornik,  a  to-wn  of  Prussian  Poland, 
18  m.  N.N.W.  Posen,  on  the  Warta.  P. 
1,550. 

Obra,  a  river  of  Prussian  Poland, 
joins  the  Warta,  a  little  W.  Schvverin. 
L.  130  m.  . 

Obkajillo,  a  town  oCPeru,  50  m.  N.E. 
Lima,  in  the  mutns. 

'  Obukhov,  a  mkt.  town  of  P.ussia,  25 
m.  S.S.B.  Kiev.     P.  2,000. 
■X   Obva,  or  Obvinsk,  a  town  of  Russia, 
57  m.  N.W.  Perm.     P.  3,000. 

Oby,  an  island  of  the  Malay  archipel- 
ago, S.  of  Gilolo.  L.  W.  to  E.,  40  m., 
br.  15  m. 

OcANA,  a  town  of  Spain,  30  m.  E.  To- 
ledo.    P.  4,789. II.  a  vill.,  prov.  &  31 

m.  N.  Almeria.     P.  2,000. III.  a  t. 

of    S.    America,    New   Granada,  60    m. 
N.AV.  Pamplona.     P.  5,000. 

OcATABOOLA,  a  river  &  viil.,  U.S.,  N. 
America,  Louisiana ;  the  river  an  alB. 
of  the  Washita. 

Ogchiobello,  a  market  town  of  Aus- 
trian Italy,  13  m.  S.W.  Rovigo.  P.  3,200. 
—  Occimano  is  a  vill.  of  Piedmont. 

Oceana,  N.^V.  eo.  Mich.  Area,  730 
sq.  m.     P.  300. 

Oceania,  a  name  given  by  modern 
geographers  to  a  "fifth  division  of  the 
globe,  comprising  W.  Oeeafiia,  or  Ma- 
lasia.  Central  Oceania,  or  Australia,  & 
E.  Oceania,  or  Polynesia. 

OcEOLA,  p-v.,  cap.  Mississippi  co. 
Ark. 

OcHANSK,  a  town  of  Russia.  40  m. 
W.SW.  Perm.     P.  2,000. 

OcHiL  Hills,  a  range  of  mntus.  of 
Seotl.,  CO.  Perth. 

OcHRiDA  (Lake  of),  the  principal 
lake  of  Albania,  European  Turkey.  L. 
IS  m.,  extreme  br.  8  m. 

Ochrida,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, Albania,  on  the  N.  bank  of  Lake 
Ochrida,  100  m.  N.  Yanina.     P.  1,000.     , 

OcHSENFURT,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  orl 
the  Main,  11  m.  S.E.  Wiirtzburg.  P. 
2,250. 

OcHSENHAUsEN,  a  Vill.  of  Wiirtemborg, 
on  the  Rottu-.u,  8  m.  E.S.E.  Biberach. 
P.  1,350. 

OcHTA,  a  DV.it.  town  of  Rusr'ia,  1  m. 
E.  St.  Petersburg,  on  the  Neva.    P.  3,000. 

OcHTRUP,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, 25  m.  N.W.  Miiuster.    P.  1,000. 

OcK,  a  river  of  Engl.,  co.  Berks. 

OcKE,  or  Oke,  a  small  river  of  Engl., 
00.  Devon. 

OcKER,  a  river  of  Germany,  joins  the 
Aller,  10  m.  W._Gif  horn.     L.  60  m. 

OcLASEER,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  5  m. 
S.  Baroach,  on  the  Kerbudtla. 


OcKMULGEE,  a  river,  Georgia,  flows 
mostly  S.S.E.  for  about  200  m.,  &  unites 
with  the  Oconee  to  form  the  Alatamaha. 
It  is  navigable  for  steamers  to  Macon. 

OcoNA,  &  OcoPA,  two  towns  of  Peru. 
— — I.  in  dep.  &  90  m.  AV.  Arequipa,  on 

the  Pacific. II.  43  m.  N.N.E.  Huan- 

cabelica. 

Oconee,  a  river  of  Georgia,  flows 
mostly  S. S.E.  ward,  &  joins  the  Ockmulgee 
to  form  the  Alatamaha,  200  m.  below 
Milledgeville,  to  which  place  it  is  navi- 
gable for  steamers. 

OcosiNGO,  a  ruined  city  of  the  Mexican 
confed.,  state  Chiapas,  65  m.  S.E.  Ciudad 
Real,  with  remains. 

OcRAcoKB  Inlet,  N.  C.  is  the  pass 
from  the  Atlantic  ocean  into  Pamlico 
sound. 

Octeville,  several  com ms.  of  France. 

1,  dep.  Manche,  cap.  cant.,  1  m.  S.W. 

Cherbourg.     P.  1,508. II.  dep.  Seine 

Inf.,  5  m.  N.  Havre.     P.  1,923. 

Odd-Rode,  a  tnship.  of  Engl.,  co.  Ches- 
ter.    P.  1,518. 

Odemira,  a  town  of  Portugal,  58  m. 
S.W.  Beja,  on  the  Odemira.     P.  2,000. 

Odenkirchen,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  17  m.  WS.W.  Dusseldorf,  on  the 
Niers.     P.  1,100. 

Odense,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on  a  small 
rjver  near  its  mouth,  in  Odense  fiord,  89 
m.  S.W.  Copenhagen.     P.  10,300. 

Odensholm,  an  islet  at  the  entrance 
of  the.  gulf  of  Finland,  28  m.  S.W.  Revel. 

Odenwald,  a  mntn.  region  of  W.Ger- 
many, extending  for_  45  m.  N.  to  S.,  be- 
tween the  Necltar  &  Main  rivers. 

Oder,  a  large  riv.  of  Germany,  trav- 
ersing the  centre  of  the  Prussian  dom., 
enters  the  Baltic  by  3  branches.  L.  Stet- 
tin,  445  m.,  for  most  part  of  which  it  is 

navigable. II.    a  river  of    Hanover, 

joins  the  Leine.     L.  30  m. 

Oderau,   a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia, 

19  Qi.  S.S.W.  Troppau,  on  the  Oder.  P. 
2,896. 

Oderbekg,  two  towns  of  Germany. 

I.  Prussia.,  54  m.  N.E.  Potsdam,  on  the 
Oder.     P.  2,500.^^ II.  Austrian  Silesia, 

20  m.  N.Vf .  Teschen,  on  the  Oiler,  with 
840  inhabs. 

Odernheim,  a  fortified  town  of  Ger- 
manjr,  II.  Darmstadt,  on  the  Salze.  4  m. 

N.E.  Alzey.     P.  1,698. II.  a  vill.  of 

Rhenish  Bavaria,  22  m.  N.  Kaiserslau- 
torn.     P.  1,192. 

Oderzo,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy,  15 
m.  E.N.E.  Trevi.-io.     P.  4,700. 

Odessa,  a  celebrated  seaport  city  of 
S.  Russia,  gov.  &  91  m.  W.  Kherson,  on  a 
fine  bay  of  the  .'Black  soa.     Lat.  (of  ca-- 


562 


CVCLOP.EDIA    OF    GKOGKAPHY. 


[OHI 


thedral)  46°  28'  9"  N.,  Ion.  30°  44'  5"  E. 
P.  70,877,  or  including  garrison,  78,000. 
It  is  defended  by  a  wall  &  ditch.  The 
city,  with  its  2  populous  suburb;:,  has  24 
streets,  mostly  macadamized,  but  partly 
paved  with  granite  ;  all  the  houses  are 
built  of  stone.  The  college  Richelieu, 
founded  1817,  had,  in  1846,  32  teachers, 
&  191  students.  It  was  made  a  free  port 
in  1817.     It  is  rapidly  increasing. 

Odeypoor,  a  state  of  W.  Hindostan, 
subsid.  to  the  British,  its  centre  near  lat. 
24°  N.,  Ion.  74°  E.  Estimated  area,  11.- 
780sq.  m.,  &  pop.,  300,000.0)  Surface 
hilly,  &  well  watered. —  Odeypoor,  th« 
cap.,  in  a  hollow  surrounded  by  rugged 

hills,   145  ra.  S.W.  Aimere. II.  a  t., 

of  British  India,  86  m.  N.W.  Sumbhul- 

poor. III.    a    town    of  the   Gwalior 

dom.,  27  m.  E.  Seronge. 

Odiham,  a  mkt  town  of  England,  co. 
Hants,  22  m.  E.N.E.  Winchester.  P. 
2,817. 

Odojev,  a  fortified  town  of  Russia,  40 
m.  S.W.  Tula,  cap.  circ,  on  the  Upa.  P. 
3,000. 

Odowara,  a  maritime  town  of  Japan, 
island  Niphon,  on  the  E.  coast,  40  m. 
S.W.  Yeddo. 

Odrinka,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  18 
m.  S.W.  Kharkov.     P.  1,800. 

Oedenburg,  a  town  of  W.  Hungary, 
cap  CO..  near  Lake  Neusiedl,  37m.S.S.E. 
Vienna'.     P.  12,216. 

Oederan,  a  town  of  Saxony,  32  m. 
N.E.  Zwickau.     P.  4,586. 

Oehringen,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
cap.  dist.,  on  the  Ohr,  14  m.  E.N.E.  HeU- 
bronn.     P.  3,150. 

Oeiras,  a  town  of  Portugal,  9  m. 
W.S.W.    Lisbon,   at    the    mouth  of  the 

Tagus.     P.  3,360. II.  a  city  of  Brazil, 

lat  7°  5'  S.,  Ion.  42°  40'  W.    P.  with  dist, 

5,000. III.   a  vill.  of  Brazil,   140  m. 

W.S.W.  Para. 

Oelde,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia, 
25  m.  E.S.E.  Miinster.     P.  1,760. 

Oels,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia.  P. 
6,010. 

Oelsnitz,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  r.  b. 
of  the  Elster,  6  m.  S.E.  Plauen.   P.  4,187. 

Oeno  Island,  Pacific  ocean,  90  m.  N. 
Pitcairn's  island. 

Oesel,  an  island  of  Russia,  in  the  Bal- 
tic, inostly  between  lat.  57°  40'  &  5S°  14' 
N.,  &  Ion.  21°  40'  &  23°  E.  Area,  about 
1,200  sq.  m.     P.  40,000. 

Oestrich,  a  market  town  of  Germiiiiy, 
on  the  Rhine,  11  m.  W.  Mayenco.  P. 
1,751. 

Oestringen,  a  vill.  of  Baden,  8  m. 
N.E.  Bruohsal.     P.  2,267. 


(Eta  (Mount),  Greece.  E.  Hellas,  is  9 
m.  W.  Thermopylae,  &  consists  of  a 
chain,  the  principal  elevations  of  which 
are  Kiitabothra  &  Aninos,  7,061  feet 
above  the  sea. 

Oettingen,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
AVeinitz,  &  on  railway,  25  m.  S.  Aus- 
pach.     P.  3,270. 

Ofanto,  a  river  of  Naples,  enters  the 
Adriatic  4  m.  N.W.  Barletta.     L.  75  m. 

Offagna,  a  vill.  of  Central  Italy,  Pon- 
tlf.  sta.,  7  m.  S.W.  Ancona.     P.  1,500. 

Offenbach,  a  town  of  H.  Darmstadt, 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Main,  4  m.  S.E.  FrankfUrt. 
P.  9,684. 

Offenburg,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the 
Kinzig.     P.  3,705. 

Offida,  a  vill.  of  Central  Italy,  Pon- 
tif.  sta.,  8  m.  N:E.  Ascoli.     P.  L200. 

Offranville,  a  comm.&  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Seine  Inf.,  4  miles  S. 
Dieppe.     P.  1,610. 

Ogden,  t.,  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.,  10  m. 
W.  Rochester.     P.  2,598. 

Ogdensbitrg,  p-v.,  &  port  of  entry, 
St.  Lawience  co.  N.  ¥.,  on  tho  E.  side  of 
St.  Lawrence  r.     P.  2,987. 

Ogeechee,  a  river  of  Georgia,  rises  7 
m.  N.W.  Greensborough,  &  flows  S.E. 
into  Ossabaw  sound,  10  m.  N.E.  Savan- 
nah, after  a  course  of  200  miles,  for  40 
of  which  it  is  navigable. 

Ogemaw,  N.E.  co.  Mich.  Area,  576 
sq.  m. 

Oggersheim,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Ba- 
varia, 12  m.  N.N.W.  Spires,  with  1,645 
inhabitants. 

Oggiono,  a  vill.  of  Lombardy,  15  m. 
E.  Como.     P.  2,500. 

Ogle,  N.  co.  111.  Area,  625  sq.  m. 
Cap.  Oregon  city.     P.  10,020. 

Oglethorpe,  N.E.  co.  Ga.  Area,  490 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Lexington.     P.  12,259. 

Ogliastro,  a  vill.  of  Sicily,  12  m. 
S.S.E.  Pa,!ermo.     P.  1,800. 

Oglio,  a  river  of  Austrian  Italy.  L. 
130  m. 

Ogmoee,  a  river  of  S.  Wales. 

Ogurapoora,  a  town  of  British  India, 
75  m.  N.N.W.  Cuttack. 

Ohanez,  a  market  town  of  Spain,  19 
m.  N.W.  Alraeria,  in  the  S.  slope  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada.     P.  2,346. 

Oheteroa,  an  island.  Pacific  0.,  280 
m.  S.W.  Tahiti.  Lat.  22°  34'  S.,  Ion. 
150°  13'  VV. 

Ohio,  a  large  &  important  riv.  of  tho 
U.  S.,  N.  Amer.,  formed  by  the  junction 
of  the  iVlleghany  &  Monongahela  rivers, 
at  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania;  has  thence 
a  tortuous  AV.S.W.  course  of  1,033  m., 
separating  the  states  Virginia  &  Ken- 


oka] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


563 


tucky  on  the  E.  &  S.,  from  Ohio,  Indiana, 
&  Illinois  N.  &  W. ;  &  joins  the  Missis- 
sippi at  Cairo  near  lat.  37°  N.,  Ion.  89° 
W.  At  Cincinnati  it  is  535  yards,  &  at 
its  mouth  about  half  a  mile  across ;  but 
between  October  &  January  annually,  & 
occasionally  in  summer,  it  is  so  aug- 
mented by  floods  that  vessels  drawing  12 
feet  of  water  can  then  navigate  it  down- 
wards from  Pittsburg. 

Ohio,  a  W.  state,  between  lat.  38°  23'  & 
41°  50'  N.,  &  Ion.  80°  30'  &  84°  47'  W., 
having  E-  Pennsylvania  &  Virginia,  S. 
Kentucky,  W.  Indiana,  &  N.  Michigan  & 
Lake  Erie.  Area,  about  40,000  sq.  m. 
P.  in  1840,  1,519,467  ;  in  1850,  1,980,- 
401.  Surface  mostly  level,  &  in  parts 
swampy;  but  nearly  3-4ths  a^'e  highly 
fertile,  &  9-lOths  supposed  to  be  oulti- 
viible.  Principal  rivers  the  Ohio,  &  its 
affls.  the  Scibto,  Miami,  &  Muskingum, 
&  the  Maumee,  Sandusky,  &  Cuyahoga. 
Between  the  Scioto  &  Miami  are  some 
wide  prairies;  forests  are  extensive. 
Ohio  is  rapidly  becoming  a  thickly  set- 
tled country  of  moderate-sized  freeholds, 
&  as  an  agricultural  &  cattle  rearing 
state,  it  ranks  amongst  the  first  in  the 
Union.  Wheat,  maize,  &  barley  are  the 
chief  crops  ;  other  products  are,  tobacco, 
hemp,  flax,  hay,  potatoes,  fruits,  silk,  & 
wine.  Hogs  are  reared  in  large  num- 
bers, &  Cincinnati  is  the  largest  pork 
market  in  the  Union.  Large  droves  of 
fat  cattle  are  sent  every  autumn  to  the 
markets  of  the  E.  &  S.  The  whole  E. 
part  of  the  state  is  one  vast  coal  bed; 
other  minerals  are  salt,  lime,  marble,  & 
iron  ore.  Ohio  takes  the  lead  among  the 
W.  states  for  manufacturing  industry. 
Cotton  &  woollen  stuffs  &  yarn,  iron, 
glass,  &  cabinet  wares,  paper,  oils,  & 
articles  of  clothing  are  made  in  all  the 
principal  towns.  Ship  &  steamboat 
building  is  important.  The  Ohio  canal 
extends  from  Cleveland  on  Lake  Erie  to 
Portsmouth,  &  is,  including  branches, 
334  m.  in  length;  the  total  canals  in  the 
state  have  an  aggregate  length  of  1,559 
m.  In  1850  there  were  890  m.  railways 
in  operation.  State  debt,  $18,744,594  32. 
Productive  property  exclusive  of  school 
fund,  118,000,000.  Pub.  rev.,  $2,536,- 
588  40.  Principal  towns,  Columbus,  the 
'  cnp.,  Cincinnati,  Cleveland,  Chillicothe, 
Sandusky,  Steubenville,  &  Zanesville. 
The  first  settlement  in  this  state  was 
made  in  1788.  In  1892,  the  state  formed 
its  constitution,  &  was  admitted  into  the 
Union.  Governor  &  senate  elected  bi- 
ennially. The  state  is  divided  into  87 
COS.,  &  sends  21  representatives  to  Cong. 


II.  CO.,  W.  Va.      Area,  125  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Wheeling.    P.  18,006. III.  N.W. 

CO.  Ky.  Area,  576  sq.  m.  Cap.  Hart- 
ford.    P.  9,749. IV.  t..  Alleghany  co. 

Pa.     P.  1,631. V.  t.,  Beaver  co.  Pa. 

P.  1,273. VI.  t.,  Clermont  co.  0.     P. 

2,895. VII.  CO.  la.     P.  5,308. 

Ohio  City,  Cuyahoga  co.  Ohio,  145  m. 
IJ.B.  Columbus,  on  Lake  Erie,  at  the 
mouth  of  Cuyahoga  river.     P,  2,000. 

Ohivaoa,  the  largest  of  the  Mendana, 
islands,  Marquesas,  Pacific  ocean.  40  m. 
in  circumference. 

Ohlait,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  17 
m.  S.E.  Breslau,  Vienna,  on  the  Oder. 
P.  4,800. 

Ohrdruff,  a  fortified  town,  Germany, 
duchy  Saxe-Coburg,  8  m.  S.  Gotha,  cap. 
dist.     P.  4,311. 

Ohre,  a  river  of  Germany,  joins  the 
Elbe,  after  an  E.  course  of  65  m. 

OicH  (Loch),  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co. 
Inverness.    L.  6  m. ;  av.  br.  1  m.  . 

OiGNON,  a  river  of  E.  France,  joins  the 
Saune.     L.  80  m. 

OiKELL,  a  river  of  Scotland.     L.  32  m. 

Oil,  creek.  Pa.,  enters  Alleghany  riv. 

OiN,  a  small  town  of  the  Punjab,  on 
the  Cashmere  frontier. 

OiRscHOT,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
13  m.  S.  Bois-le-Duc.     P.  3,997. 

OisB,  a  riv.  of  France,  joins  the  Seine. 
L.  135  m. 

OisE,  a  dep.  of  France,  in  the  N.E. 
Area,  2,280  sq.  m.  P.  403,857._  It  be- 
longs almost  entirely  to  the  basin  of  the 
Seine.  The  dep.  contains  several  large 
forests,  the  largest  being  that  of  Com- 
peigne. 

OissEAu,  a  eomm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  &  4  m.  N.  Mayenne.  P. 
3,870. 

Oissel-sur-Seine,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Seine  Inf.,  8  m.  S.  Rouen. 
P.  3,149. 

OisY,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Pas-de-Calais,  17  m.  E.S.S.  Arras.  P 
2,159. 

Ojalava,  one  of  the  Navigators  isls., 
Pacific  ocean. 

Ojen,  a  vill.  of  Spain,  28  m.  W.S.W. 
Malaga.  P.  1,800. —  Ojijares  is  the  name 
of  two  contiguous  vills.  S.W.  Granada,  on 
the  Genii. 

Oka,  an  important  river  of  Central 
Russia,  joins  the  Volga  after  a  course  of 
650  m.  "its  basin  is  estimated  to  comprise 
127.000  sq.  m.  of  the  richest  part  of  the 

Russian  dom. II.  a  river  of  Siberia, 

joins  the  Angara  at  Bratsk.  Course  N. 
500  miles. 

Okamundel,  a  dist.  of  W.  Hindoatan- 


664 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGKAPiiV. 


[oLE 


Okanda  &  Okasaki,  two  towns  of 
Japan,  island  Niphon;  the  former,  50  m. 
E.N.E.  Yeddo;  the  latter,  on  a  riv.  near 
the  gulf  of  Ovari,  132  m.  S.W.  Yeddo,  has 
1,800  houses. 

Okholm,  a  vill.  of  Denmark,  with  a 
small  harbor  on  the  N.  sea,  5  m.  N.W. 
Bredsted. 

Okhota,  a  river  of  Siberia,  enters  the 
gulf  of  Okhotsk.     L.  200  m. 

Okhotsk,  aprov.,  E.  Siberia,  extending 
along  the  W.  coast  of  the  sea  of  Okhotsk. 
L.  1,100  m. ;  av.  br.  150  m.  It  i.s  trav- 
ersed throughout  by  the  Stanovoi  moun- 
tains, &  has  only  some  short  rivs. — Ok- 
hotsk, the  cap.,  is  a  maritime  town  on  a 
surf-beaten  &  shingly  beach  bordering 
the  sea  of  Okhotsk.     P.  800. 

Okhotsk  (Sea  of),  an  inlet  of  the  Pa- 
cific ocean,  between  lat.  50°  &  60°  N.,  & 
Ion.  137°  &  155°  E. 

Oki,  an  island  of  Japan,  oil  the  W. 
coast  of  Niphon.  L.  10  m.,  by  5  m.  ia 
br. —  Okiben  is  an  island  in  Behring  sea, 
lat.  64°  55'  N.,  Ion.  172°  20'  E. 

Okkuddo,  N.  CO.  Mich.  Area,  576 
sq.  m. 

Okna,  several  small  towns  of  European 

Turkey,  <fcc. 1.  Moldavia,  on  the  Ta- 

tros. II.  Gt.  ■VVallachia,  N.E.  Kimpina. 

III.  (O-Mare),  Little  Wallachia,  5 

m.  S.W.  Rimnik,  with  2,000  iuhabs. 

Okosir,  a  small  uninhabited  island  of 
Japan,  W.  of  Jesso. 

oWibbeha,  N.E.  CO.  Miss.  Area,  625 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Starksville.     P.  9,171. 

Oland,  an  island  of  Sweden,  near  its 
S.E.  extremity,  in  the  Baltic.  L.  85  m.  \ 
av.  br.  7  m.  Area,  608  sq.  m.  P.  31,000. 
— Little  Oland  is  an  island  of  Denmark, 
duchy  Schleswig. 

Olargues,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Herault,  11m.  IST.E.  St.  Pons,  on  the 
Saur.     P.  1,298. 

Olbeenhau,  a  market  town.  Saxony, 
22  m.  S.E.  Chemnitz.     P.  2,503. 

Oldcastle,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Leinster.  co.  Meath.     P.  1,508. 

OLDCoDORUs.t.,  Yorkcp.  Pa.  P.  1,131. 

Oldcott,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
Stafford.     P.  1,295. 

Oldeboorn,  &  Oldebroek, -two  vills. 

of  the   Netherlands. 1.    12   m.   S.E. 

Leeuwarden.     P.  1,630. II.  3  m.  S.E. 

Elburg.     P.  3,770. 

Old  Bcricok,  a  town  of  Guinea,  on 
the  Old  Calabar  river. 

Oldehove,  &  Oldbmark,  two  vills.  of 
the  Netherlands. 

Oldenburg,  a  state  of  Germany,  in 
the  N.W.,  with  the  title  of  graaid  duchy, 
composed  of  three  separate  portions  :  Ist, 


the  duchy  of  Oldenburg,  which  forms 
B-9tb3  of  the  territory ;  2d,  the  princi- 
pality of  Lubeck,  or  Eutin,  enclosed  in 
the  duchy  of  Holstein  (Denmark);  &  3d, 
the  principality  of  Birkenfeld,  between 
Rhenish  Prussia  &  H.  Homburg.  Cap. 
Birkenfeld.  Area,  2,421  sq.  m.  P. 
278,909.  Oldenburg  lies  in  the  basin  of 
the  North  sea,  &  is  entirely  flat.     Chief 

river,    the    Weser. Oldenburg,    the 

cap.,  is  situated  at  the  confl.  of  the  Hunte 
with  the  Haaren,  which  here  forms  a 
small  port,  80  m.  W.S.W.  Hamburg.  P. 
7,829. 

Oldendoef,  a  town  of  Central  Ger- 
many, on  1.  b.  of  the  Weser,  26  m.  S.W. 
Hanover.     P.  1,363.  ' 

Oldens wosTH,  ^a  vill.  of  Denmark, 
duchy  Schleswig,  6  m.  S.W.  Husum. 

Oldenzaal,  a  tt)wn,  Netherlands,  10 
ra.  E.N.E.  Delden.     P.  2,882. 

Oldesloe,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on  the 
Trave,  24  m.  N.E.  Hamburg.     P.  3,000. 

Oldham,  a  manuf.  town  of  England, 
en.  Lancaster,  7  m.  N.E.  Manchester.  P. 
49,678.  Oldham,  although  but  a  small 
hamlet  in  1760,  is  now  the  princip.  seat 
of  the  hat  manufs.  in  Engl.,  &  has  also 

large  manfs.  of  fustians. II.  N.  co.  Ky. 

Area,  220  sq.  ra.  Cap.  Lagrange.  P.  7,629. 

Oldisleben,  a  vill.  of  Saxe  Weimar, 
en  the  Unstrut,  24  m.  N.N.W.  Weimar. 
P.  1,396. 

Oldney  Island  &  Bay,  Scotland,  co. 
&  off  the  W.  coast  of  Sutherland. 

Old  Point  Comfort,  Elizabeth  co. 
Va.,  constitutes  the  N.  point  at  the  en- 
trance of  James  r.,  3  m.  from  Willoughby 
point.     A  fashionable  resort. 

Old  Providence,  an  isl.  of  the  Carib- 
bean sea,  belonging  to  New  Granada,  100 
m.  E.  the  Mosquito  coast. 

Old  Town,  t.,  Penobscot  co.  Me.  P. 
3,087. 

Oleera,  a  tov/n  of  British  India, 
Scinde,  6  m.  N.  Khyerpoor. 

Oleggio,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Pied- 
mont, div.  10  xa.  N.  Novara.     P.  7,420. 

Olekma,  a  river  of  Siberia,  after  a  N. 
course  of  nearly  400  m.,  joins  the  Lena. 

Olenek,  a  ri^er  of  Siberia,  enters  the 
Arctic  ocean.     L.  300  m. 

Olenii,  a  headland,  W.  Siberia,  on  the 
Arctic  ocean. 

Oleron  (Isle  of),  an  isle  of  the  W. 
coast  of  France,  dep.  Charente  Inf.,  op- 
posite the  mouth  of  the  Charente.  Shape 
oval;  1.  20  m.;b.5  m.     P.  16,908. 

Olesa,  a  town  of  Spain,  18  m.  N.W. 
Barcelona.     P.  2,634. 

Olesko,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Poland,  27 
m.  E.N.E.  Lemberg.     P.  1,250. 


OLS] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


565 


Oletta,  a  vill.  of  Corsica,  7  m.  S.W. 
Bastia. —  Olette  is  a  eomin.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  E.  Pyrenees,  9  m.  W.S.W. 
Prades.     P.  1,069. 

Oletzko,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  41  m. 
SS.E.  Gumbinnen,  on  L.  Oletzko.  P. 
2,950. 

Olevano,  several  towns  of  Italy. 

I.   Pontif  sta  ,  29  m.  E.  Rome.    P.  3,500. 

II.  Naples,  15  miles  E.  Salerno.     P. 

1,900. III.  a  mrkt.  town  of  Piedmont, 

4  m.  S.S.W.  Mortara.     P.  1,165. 

Olevsk,  a  market  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  100  miles  N.N.W.  Jitomir.  P. 
1,500. 

Oley,  a  tnshp.,  Penn.,  62  m.  E.  Har- 
risburg.     P.  1,877. 

Olgopol,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
110  m.  E.S.E.  Kaminiecz.     P.  1,700. 

Oliena,  a  vill.  of  the  isl.  Sardinia,  5 
m.  S.E.  Nuoro.     P.  2,874. 

Oliete,  a  town  of  Spain,  44  m.  N.E. 
Teruel.     P.  2,012. 

Olifant's  Riveh,    two    rivers  of   S. 

Africa,   Cape  Colony. 1.   (Elephant's 

River),  enters  the    Atlantic  ocean.      L. 

150  m. II.   dist.  George,  tributary  to 

the  Gauritz,  which  it  joins    after   a  W. 
course  of  157  m. 

Olinda,  a  city  of  Brazil,  4  m.  N.  Re- 
cife.    P.  8,000. 

Olite,  a  town  of  Spain,  27  m.  S.  Pam- 
plona.    P.  2,748. 

Olitta,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  50 
m.  W.S.W.  Vilna,  on  the  Niemen. '  P. 
2,000. 

Oliutorsk,  a  vill.  of  Kamtchakta. 

Oliva,  a  town  of  Spain,  43  m.  N.E. 
Alicante,  6i  m.  from  the  Mediterranean. 

p.  5;615. II.  (0.  de  Jerez),  30  m.  S. 

Bi^diijos.      P.  4,098. III.  a  town  of 

isl.  Lanzarote  (Canaries).     P.  2,132. 

Oliva,  a  vill.  of  W.  Prussia,  5  m.  N-W. 
Danzig.     P.  1,765. 

Olivaees,  a  town  of  Spain,  10  m.  W. 
Sevilla.     P.  1,946. 

Olive,  p-t.,  Ulster  CO.  N.Y.  P.  2,710. 
II.  p-t.,-  Morgan  co.  0.     P.  1,652. 

Oliveira,  two  vills.  of  Portugal. 1. 

{do  Bairro),  10  m.  S.E.  Aveiro.  P.  2,000. 

II.   {do  Conde),  16  m.   S.W.  Viseu, 

with  2,500  inhabs. 

Olivenza,  a  fortified  town  of  Spain, 
16  m.  SS.Vv''.  Badajoz,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Guadiana.     P.  7,587. 

Olivenza,  a  town  of  Brazil,  130  m. 
S.S.W.  Bahia,  on  the  Atlantic.    P.1,500. 

Oliver,  a  township,  Penn.,  co.  Mifflin. 
P.  1,907. 

Olivet,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  t.  of  France, 
dep.  Loiret,  3  m.  S.  Orle;vns,  ^n  the  Loi- 
ret.     P.  1,179. 


Ohveto,  two  towns  of  Naples. -I. 

6i  m.  E.N.E.  Campagna.     P.  3.700 

II.  25  m.  W.S.W.  Mai  era.     P.  960. 

Olkhon,  the  principal  isl.  in  the  lake 
Baikal,  Siberia,  140  m.  N.W.  Irkutsk. 
L.  45  m. ;  br.  15  m. 

Olkovatka,  &  Olkovka,  two  market 

towns  of  Russia. 1.  59  miles  E.N.E. 

Kharkov.      P.   1,900. II.    130   miles 

S.S.W.  Saratov. 

Olkusk,  a  town  of  Poland,  23  miles 
W.N.W.  Cracow.     P.  1,360. 

Ollap,  one  of  the  Caroline  islands, 
Pacific. 

Olleria,  a  to\Yn  of  SpTin,  45  miles 
S.S.W.  Valencia.     P.  3,662. 

Olliergues,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Puy-de-Dome,  on  the  Dore, 
10  m.  N.W.  Ambert.     P.  2,000. 

Ollioules,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Var,  4  m.  W.  Toulon.  P. 
1,920. 

Olm,  two  contig.  vills.  of  Germany,  H. 
Darmstadt,  7  m.  S.S.W.  Mayence.  Uni- 
ted p.  2,350. 

Olmedo,  a  town  of  Spain,  25  m.  S. 
Valladolid.     P.  1,855. 

Olmeto,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Cor- 
sica, 16  m.  S.S.E.  Ajaccio.     P.  2,010. 

Olmutz,  a  strongly  fortified  city  of 
Moravia,  on  the  March,  40  miles  N.E. 
Briinn.  P.  12,560.  Its  fortifications  are 
very  extensive,  &^  the  city  is  well  built. 
Lafayette  was  confined  in  it  for  many 
years  from  1794. 

Olney,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Bucks,  on  the  Ouse.     P.  2,437. 

Olona,  a  river  of  Lombardy. 

Olonetz,  a  gov.  of  N.  Russia,  between 
lat.  60°  &  64°  30'  N  ,  &  Ion.  29°  &  41" 
30'  E.  Area,  51,078  sq.  m.  P.  263,100. 
Surface  in  the  N.  &  W.  marshy  &  covered 
with  vast  forests. —  Olonetz,  the  cap.,  is 
situated  at  the  confl.  of  two  rivers,  trib- 
utarias  to  Lake  Lagoda,  119  m.  N.E. 
St.  Petersburg.     P.  3,000. 

Olonne,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Vendee,  near  the  Atlantic, 
with  a  small  port,  &  1,900  inhabs. — 
Okinzac  is  a  comm.  &  town,  dep.  Herault, 
15  m.  W.N.W.  Narbonne.     P.  1,347. 

Oloron,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Pyrenees,  15  m.  SW.  Pau.  P. 
5,456. 

Olot,  a  town  of  Spain,  21  m.  N.W. 
Gerona,  ou  the  Fluvia.     P.  12,070. 

Olpar  (Hind.  Ulupara),  a  town  of 
British  India,  7  m.  N.  Surat. 

Olpe,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia, 
28  m.  S.S.W.  Arensberg.     P.  1,950.  _ 

Olsene,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium, 
on  the  Lvs,  14  m.  S.S.W.  Ghent.  P.  2,100. 


666 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[ONI 


Olshana,  two  market  towns  of  Kussia. 

1.    15   m.   WN.W.   Kharkov,   with 

2,000  inhab. II.  gov.  &  89  m.  S.S.E. 

Kiev. —  Olshansk  is  a  mkt.  town,  68  m. 
S.S.W.  Voroniej.     P.  1,700. 

Olszany,  a  market  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  13  m.  S.  Oshmiana.     P.  1,800. 

Olten,  a  small  but  flourishing  town 
of  Switzerland,  20  m.  E.N.E.  Soleure. 
P.  1,500. 

Olva,  a  town  of  Spain,  22  m.  S.E. 
Teruel,  on  the  Mijares.     P.  1,611. 

Olvenstadt,  a  vill.  of  Pruss.  Saxony, 
4  m.  W.N.W.  Magdeburg.     P.  2,100. 

Olvera,  a  town  of  Spain,  67  m.  N.E. 
Cadiz.     P.  6,116. 

Olviopol,  a  town  of  Russia,  37  m. 
N.W.  Kherson,  on  the  Bug.     P.  2,600. 

Olympus  (Mount),  a  mountain  range 
of  Thessaly,  on  the  border  of  Macedonia. 

Om,  a  riv.  of  Asiatic  Russia,  joins  the 
Irtish.     L.  330  m. 

Omagh,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Ulster,  cap.  cQs,  Tyrone,  27  m.  S.  Lon- 
donderry.    P.  2,947. 

Oman,  a  country  of  Arabia,  in  the 
S.E.,  between  the  Persian  gulf  &  Arabian 
sea,  &  forming  the  central  part  of  the 
Muscat  dom. 

Omate,  a  volcanic  summit  of  tbe 
Andes,  S.  Peru,  dep.  &  50  m.  S.E. 
Arequipa. 

Ombay,  an  island  of  the  Malay  arch- 
ipelago, jSr.  of  Timor.    L.  50  m. ;  br.  30  m. 

Ombbone,  a  river  of  Italy,  Tuscany, 
enters  the  Mediterranean,  after  a  course 
of  75  m. 

Omegna,  a  market  town  of  Piedmont, 
at  the  N.  extremity  of  Lake  Orta.  P. 
1,459. 

Omer  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Pas-de-Calais,  22  m.  S.E.  Calais,  on 
the  Aa.  P.  18,424.  It  is  surrounded  by 
irregular  fortifications,  &  defended  by  fort 
Notre  Dame.  It  is  a  tribunal  of  com- 
merce, &  has  a  comm.  college. 

Omeekote,  a  town  of  Scinde,  ifi  the 
Indian  desert,  90  m.  E.  Hyderabad. 

Omerkuntuc,  a  famous  place  of  Hin- 
doo pilgrimage. 

Ometa,  a  town  of  British  India,  20  m. 
E.  Cambay. 

Ometepe,  a  volcanic  island  of  Central 
America,  state  &  in  the  lake  Nicaragua, 
towards  its  S.W.  side.  L.  20  m. ;  br.  7 
to  8  m. 

Ommanney  (Cape),  Russian  Amer.,  is 
the  S.  point  of  King  Geo.  III.  archipelago, 
at  the  entrance  to  Chatham  sound. 

Ommen,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  on 
the  Vecht,  14  m.  E.  Zwolle.     P.  2,066. 

Omoa,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Central  Amer., 


state  Honduras,  on  the  bay  of  Honduras, 
15  m.  E.  the  mouth  of  the  riv.  Motagua. 

Omoe,  an  islet  of  Denmark,  in  the  S. 
part  of  the  Great  Belt,  4  m.  S.W.  Seeland. 
L.  5  m. ;  br.  1  m.     P.  200. 

Omolon,  a  river  of  E.  Siberia,  joins 
the  Kolyma. 

Omrah.  a  fortified  town  of  Hindostan, 
26  m.  E.  Dittenh. 

Omsk,  a  fortfd.  town  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
in  a  sandy  treeless  plain,  on  the  Irtish, 
at  the  confl.  of  the  Om.  P.  11,340,  many 
being  European  exiles.  It  has  a  military 
school,  founded  by  the  emperor  Alex- 
ander, for  250  pupils. 

Omun,  a  town  of  Guinea,  cap.  a  ter- 
ritory on  an  island  in  the  Old  Calabar  or 
Cross  riv.     Estim.  p.  5,000. 

Onail,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  18  ra. 
N.N.W.  Oojein. 

Onalego,  one  of  the  Marquesas  isls.. 
Pacific  ocean. 

Onate,  a  town  of  Spain,  30  m.  E.S.B. 
Bilbao.     P.  4,236. 

Onda,  a  town  of  Spain,  10  m.  W.S.W. 
Castellon  de  la  Plana.     P.  4,517. 

Ondarroa,  a  marit.  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Biscay,  18  m.  N.E.  Bilbao,  on  the 
bay  of  Biscay.     P.  1,173. 

Onechow,  one  of  the  Sandwich  isls., 
in  the  Pacific. 

Onega,  a  river  of  Russia,  enters  the 
gulf  of  Onega.     L.  250  m. 

Onega  (Lake),  a  lake  of  Russia,  the 
next  in  size  to  that  of  Ladoga,  from  which 
it  is  distant  85  m.  N.E.,  in  the  centre  of 
the  gov.  Olonetz.  L.  140  m. ;  br.  30  to 
45  m.     Area,  3,400  sq.  m. 

Onega,  a  town  of  Russia,  85  m*  S.W. 
Archangel,  in  the  gulf  of  Onega.  P. 
1,800. 

Onega  (Gulf  of),  the  most  S.  portion 
of  the  White  sea.     L.  about  90  m. 

Oneglia,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  41  m. 
E.N.E.  Nice,  on  the  gulf  of  Genoa,  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Impero.     P.  5,500. 

Oneida,  a  central  co.  N.  Y.  Area, 
1,101    sq.    m.      Caps.    Utioa,    Rome,    & 

Whitesboro'.    P.  99,566. II.  cr.,  flows 

into  Oneida  lake.— III.  {Lake),  N.  Y. 

L.  22  m.;    br.  4  to  6. IV.  [River), 

forms  the  outlet  of  Oneida  lake. 

Onekotan,  one  of  the  Kurile  isls.,  off 
the  "S.. extremity  of  Kamtchatka,  between 
the  Pacific  ocean  &  sea  of  Okhotsk.  L. 
30  m. ;  br.  15  m. 

Ongole,  a  town  of  British  India,  170 
m.  N.  Madras. 

Onionta,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
1,936. 

Onikszti,  a  market  town  of  Rus.sian 
Poland,  65  m.  N.N.W.  Viina.    P.  1,650. 


opa] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


567 


Onil,  a  town  of  Spain,  25  m.  N.W. 
Alicante.     P.  2,690. 

Onion,  river,  Vt.,  enters  Lake  Cham- 
plain. 

Onis,  an  isl.  of  Spain,  at  the  entrance 
of  the  bay  of  Pontevedra.     L.  2  m. 

Onnaing,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Nord, 
4  m.  N.E.  Valenciennes.     P.  3,420. 

Ono,  the  largest  of  a  group  of  the 
Friendly  isls..  Pacific  ocean. 

Onod,  a  market  town  of  Hungary,  4S 
m.  N.W.  Debreczin.     P.  2,840. 

Onon,  a  river  of  Mongolia  &  Asiatic 
Russia,  joins  the  Ingoda.     L.  380  m. 

Onondaga,  a  central  co.  N.  Y.     Area, 

711sq.m.     Cap.  Salina.     P.  85,890. 

II.  (Lake)  in  the  above  co.     L.  8  m.,  br. 

2  to  4  m. III.  p-t.,  Onondaga  CO.  N.  Y. 

P.  5,694. 

Onrust,  a  small  isl.  of  the  Miilay 
archipelago,  off  the  N.  coast  of  Java. 

Onslow,  a  vill.  of  Nova  Scotia,  at  the 
head  of  Mines  bay,  51  m.  N.N.E.  Hali- 
fax.  II.  S.E.  CO.  N.  C.     Area,  720  sq. 

m.  P.  8,283.  The  cap.  Onslow  c.  h.  is 
145  m  S.E.  Haleigh. 

Ontanagon,  a  river  of  N.  America, 
liowing  into  Lake  Superior  on  its  S.  side. 
II.  CO.,  Mich.     P.  389. 

Ontario,  a  central  co.  in  the  W.  part 
of  the  state.      Area,  617  sq.  m.      Cap. 

Canandaigua.      P.    43,929. II.    p-t., 

Wayne   co.    N.    Y.      P.    1,889. IIL 

(Lake),  the  most  E.  of  the  great  lakes 
of  N.  America,  between  the  state  of  New 
York  &  Upper  Canada.  L.,  W.  to  E., 
180  m.,  br.  varies  to  60  m.  Area,  5,300 
sq.  ra. ;  height  of  surface  level,  333  feet 
below  that  of  L.  Erie,  &  232  feet  above 
the  tide  level  in  the  St.  Lawrence.  Av. 
depth  500  feet. 

Onteniente,  a  town  of  Spain,  11m. 
S.W.^an  Felipe.     P.  9,5[)8. 

OocH,  a  fortified  town  of  N.W.  Hin- 
dostan,  35  miles  S.W.  Bhawlpoor.  P. 
20,000. 

Oodana,  a  large  vill.  of  Eelooohistan, 
18  at.  B.  Gmidava. 

OoDEENUGGUR,  a  collcction  of  ruins  in 
the  Punjab,  on  the  Jhylum. 

OoDEEPOOR,  two  towns  of  Ilindostan. 

r.  British  India,  100  m.  N.E.  Surat. 

II.  150  m.  S.  Gwalior. 

OoJEiN,  a  fortified  city  of  Central  Hin- 
dostan,  234  m.  S.W.  Gwalior.  Its  walls 
are  about  6  m.  in  circ,  the  area  being  for 
the  most  part  closely  built  on,  though 
the  public  ways  are  stated  to  be  airy, 
paved,  it  clean. 

Ooltgensplaat,  a  vill.  of  the  Nether- 
lands, on  Overflakkee  isl.     P.  1,260. 

Oomnak,  one  of  the  Fos  isls.,  N.  Pa- 


cific, S.W.  Oonalaska,  50  m.  long,  12  m. 
broad. 

OoN,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan,  15  m. 
N.  Rahdunpoor. 

Oonalaska,  &  Oonimak,  two  of  the 
largest  of  the  Fox  isls,  N.  Pacific.  L.  75 
m.,  br.  varies  to  20  m. —  Oonimak  is  in 
length  65  m.,  br.  25  m. 

OoNERPOOR,  a  large  vill.  of  Scinde,  20 
m.  N.  Hyderabad. 

Oonga,  an  island  Russian  America, 
off  the  S.  extremity  of  the  peninsula 
Aliaska.     L.  25  m. 

OoNiAEA,  a  walled  town  of  Hindostan, 
8  m.  S.W.  Rampoora. 

OoRCHA,  an  anc.  town  of  Hindostan,  on 
the  Betwa,  8  m.  S.  Jhansi. 

OoRDEGHEM,  a  vi!l.  of  Belgium,  9  m. 
S.E.  Ghent.     P.  2,100. 

OoRUN,  a  town  of  British  India,  25  m. 
S.E.  Banda. 

OoscoTTA,  a  town  of  India,  Mysore 
dom.,  18  m.  N.E.  Bangalore. 

OpsiMA,  a  small,  but  populous  isl.  of 

Japan,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Niphon. 

II.  a  town  of  Japan,  Niphon,  on  its  E. 
coast. 

OosooR,  a  town  of  India,  Mysore  dom., 
15  m.  S.  Bangalore. 

OosTBURG,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
island  Cadsand,  5  m.  E.N.E.  Sluis.  P. 
1,428. 

OosT  Eecloo,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  10 
m.  N.  Ghent;     P.  1,862. 

OosTENAULA,  r.,  Tenn.  &  Ga.,  unites 
with  the  Etowah  to  form  the  Coosa. 

OosTERHOUT,  a  market  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  5  m.  N.E.  Breda.  P. 
7,799. 

OosTERZEELE,  a  mkt.  town  of  Belgi- 
um, 7  m.  S.S.E.  Ghent.     P.  2,850. 

OoT,  two  vills.  of  Beloochistan,  28  m. 
N.  Lyaree. 

OoTAcAMUND,  a  principal  sanatory 
station  of  British  India,  52  m.  E.N.E. 
Calicut. 

OoTEGHEM,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  7  m.  E. 
Courtrai.     P.  2,398. 

OoTMARsuM,  a  small  frontier  town  of 
the  Netherlands,  10  m.  E.N.E.  Almelo. 
P.  1,474. 

OoTRivALooR,  a  town  of  British  India, 
47  m.  S.W.  Madras. 

OoTUL,  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  30  m. 
S.E.  Belah.     P.  2,000. 

Opalenitz,  a  town  of  Prussian  Po- 
land, 23  m.  W.S.W.  Posen.     P.  1,345. 

Opalin,  a  market  town  of  Poland,  on 
the  Bug,  47  m.  N.N.AV.  Vladimir.  P. 
1,600. 

Oparo,  an  isl.  of  the  Pacific  0.,  Dan- 
gerous archipelago. 


568 


CYCLOPAEDIA     OF     GKHORAPHr. 


[ORA 


Opatow,  a  town  of  Poland,  20  m. 
N.W.  Sandomir,  on  tlie  Opatovka,  an 
affl.  of  the  Vistula.     P.  2,360. 

Opbrakel,  a  town  of  Belgiuin,  8  in. 
E.S.E.  Audenarde.     P.  2,300. 

Opelousas,  a  vill.,  Louisiana,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Teche  riv.,  54  m.  S.S.E. 
Alexandria.  P.  500.  Here  is  Franklin 
college,  founded  in  1839. 

Openshaw,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  Lan- 
caster.    P.  2,280. 

Ophir  (Mount),  an  isolated  mountain 
of  the  Malay  peninsula,  in  lat.  0°  5'  N., 
Ion.  100°  E.,  45  m.  E.N.E.  Malacca,  hav- 
ing a  triple  peak,  &  estimated  to  rise  to 

5,693  feet  above  the  sea. II.  a  mntn., 

Sumatra,  near  its  W.  coast,  70  m.  N^W. 
Padang.     Estimated  height  13,842  feet. 

Opi,  a  mkt.  town  of  Naples,  15  m.  S.E. 
Lake  Fucino.    .P.  1,800. 

Opladen,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
15  m.  S.E.  Diisseldorf.     P.  1,190. 

Opochnia,  a  market  town  of  Russia, 
26  m.  N.  Poltava,  with  3,000  inhab. 

Opoczno,  a  town  of  Poland,  37  m.  W. 
Radom.  P.  4,110. II.  a  vill.  of  Bo- 
hemia, N.E.  Koniggratz,  with  1,500  in- 
hab. 

Opole,  a  town  of  Poland,  28  m.  W.S.W. 
Lublin.     P.  1,910. 

Oporto,  the  second  city  of  Portugal  iu 
rank  &  commercial  importance,  cap. 
prov.,  on  rt.  ii.  of  the  Douro,  2  m.  from 
its  mouth,  &  175  m.  N.E.  Lisbon.  P. 
■  80,000.  The  city  proper  extends  over 
hill  &  dale  for  1  m.  along  the  b<ank  of 
the  river,  &  is  enclosed  by  walls  flanked 
with  towers,  beyond  which  some  quarters 
extend.  It  is  well  built,  generally  clean 
for  a  Portuguese  city,  &  improving.  It 
has  good  squares  &  open  spaces,  in  which 
.are  some  of  its  principal  public  build- 
ings. It  is  the  seat  of  a  medical  college, 
&  other  superior  schools.  Oporto  is  the 
chief  manufacturing  city  in  Portugal. 
It  is  accessible  from  the  sea  for  vessels 
of  from  200  to  300  tons,  &  the  Douro  is 
navigable  for  river-craft  to  100  m.  above 
the  city. 

Opotshka,  a  town  of  Russia,  79  m.  S. 
Pskov,  on  an  isl.     P.  2,265. 

Oppa,  a  riv.  forming  a  part  of  the 
,  boundary  between  Prussian  &  Austrian 
Silesia,  joins  the  Oder  8  m.  S.W.  Oder- 
berg.     L.  60  m. 

Oppeln,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
on  the  Oder,  51  miles  S.E.  Breslau.  P. 
7,600. 

Oppenau,  a  town  of  Baden,  11  m. 
E.N.E.  Offenburg.     P.  2,100. 

Oppenheim,  a  town  of  the  grand  duchy 
H.  Darmstadt,  on  the  Rhine,  11  m.  S.S.E. 


Mayence.     P.  2,360. II.  p-t.,  Fulton 

CO.  N.  Y.     P.  2,169. 

Oppido,  a  town  of  Naples,  10  ra.  E.S.E. 

Palmi,  cap.  cant.     P.  2,000. II.  {Opi- 

num),  13  m.  N.E.  Potenza.     P.  3,400. 

Opslo,  an  old  town  of  Norwaj'. 

Oquawka,  p-v.,  cap.  Henderson  co. 
111. 

Oradour,  several  comms.   &  vills.  of 

France. 1.  {St.   Genest),  dep.  H.  Vi- 

enne,  8  m.  N.  Bellac.     P.  1,338. II. 

{Sur   Glane),  15  m.  N.E.  Rocheehouart. 

P.  1,740. III.  {sur    Fay  res),  6  m.  S. 

Ro'jhechouart.     P.  3,350. 

Orageuse,  &  Oraison,  two  isls.  of 
the  Pacific,  near  New  Ireland. 

Orai,  a  small  town  of  Hindostan,  14 
m.  S.E.  Jaloun. 

Oraison,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  B,  Alpes,  20  m.  S.W.  Digne.  P. 
1,890. 

Orakh,  a  pretty  town  of  Wallachia, 
on  the  Jalomnitza. 

Oran,  a.  fortified  town  of  Algeria,  cap. 
of  its  W.  prov.,  210- m.  W.S.W.  Algiers, 
on  the  Mediterranean.  P.  13,218,  of 
whom  6,971  were  Europeans.  It  is  situ- 
ated at  the  foot  of  a  hill  called  peak  St. 
Croix,  at  the  mouth  of  a  small  stream  in 
a  climate  extremely  hot,  but  healthy; 
its  harbor  is  very  bad,  but  the  port  of 
Mers-el-Kebir,  3  m.  distant,  is  the  best 
in  Algeria,  &  admits  large  vessfels. 

Orange,  E.  co.  Vt.     Area,  650  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Chelsea.     P.  27,296. II.  S.E.  co. 

N.Y.    Area,  760sq.m.    P.  57,145.    Caps 

Goshen  &  Newburg. III.  a  central  co. 

Va.    Area,  380  sq^m.    Cap.  Orange  c.  h. 

P.  10,007. -IV.  a  N.  CO.  N.  C.     Area, 

1,300  sq.  m.     Cap.  Hillsboro'.     P.   17,- 

055. V.  a  S.  CO.  la.     Area,  400  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Paoli.     P.  10,809. VI.  t..  Orange 

CO.  Vt.      P.   984. VII.  a    riv.  of   S. 

Africa,  Hottentot  country,  enters  thfe  At- 
lantic near  lat.  28°  33'  S.,  Ion.  16°  23'  E. 

VIII.  a  comm.   &  town  of  France, 

dep.  Vaucluse,  on  the  Aigues,  12  m.  N. 

Avignon.     P.  5,786. IX.  t.,  Franklin 

CO.  Mass.     P.  1,501. ^X.  t.,  "Newnia- 

ven  CO.  Conn.,  4  m.  S.W.  New  Haven. 

P.  1,329. XT.  p-t.,  Steuben  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  2,055. XII.  p-t.,  Essex  co.  N.  J. 

P.  3,261. XIII.  t.,  Cuyahoga  co.  0. 

P.  1,113. 

Orangeburg,  a  central  dist.,  S.  C. 
Area,  1,824  sq.  m. —  Orangeburg  c.  h., 
the. cap.  is  43  m.  S.  by  E.  from  Colum- 
bus.    P.  500. 

OkangE  c.  h.,  cap.  Orange  co.  Va.,  84 
m.  N.W.  Richmond. 

Oeangetown,  t.,  Rockland  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  4,769. 


orb] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


569 


Orangeville,  p-t.,  Genesee  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  1,949. 

Orango,  the  largest  &  S.-most  of  the 
Bissagos  isls.  of  W.  Africa.  L.  25  m. ; 
br.  10  ta. 

'  Oranienbatjm,  a  town  of  Germany, 
duchy  Anhalt-Dessau,  8  m.  E.S.E.  Des- 
sau.    P.  2,010. II.  a  town  of  Kussia, 

19  m.  W.  St.  Petersburg,  on  the  gulf  of 
Cronstadt,'with  1,400  inhabs. 

Ohanienburg,  a  town  of  Russia,  90  m. 

S.S.E.  Riazan,  with  3,080  inhabs. II. 

a  town  of  Prussia,  26  m.N.N.E.  Potsdam, 
on  the  Havel.     P.  2,990. 

Oeatov,  a  market  town  of  Russia,  93 
m.  S.S.W.  Kiev.     P.  1,500. 

Oravicza,  a  town  of  S.E.  Hungary, 
53  ui.  S.S.E.  Temesvar,  with  silver,  iron, 

6  copper  mines.     P.  3,793. 

Orb,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Orb, 
42  m.  N.W.  Wiirtzburg.     P.  4,469. 

Orb,  a  river  of  France,  dep.  Herault, 
enters  the  Mediterranean  after  a  course 
of  60  m. 

Orbansay  Island,  one  of  the  Heb- 
rides, Scotland. 

Orbassano,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  8  m. 
S.W.  Turin.     P.  (with  comm.)  2,661. 

Orbe,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Vaud,  on  the  river  Orbe.     P.  2,OU0. 

Or?ec,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Calvados,  on  the  Orbec,  11  m.  S.E.  Li- 
sieux.     P.  2,910. 

Orbey,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Rhine,  14  in.  W.N.W. 
Colmar.     P.  5,656. 

Orbitello,  a  fortified  town  of  Tuscany, 
49  m.  S.E.  Piombino.  P.  2,500.  The 
lake  of  Orbitello  is  about  5  m.  in.  length 
by  3  m.  in  width. 

Orcades,  ancient  name  of  the  Orkney 
islands. 

Orce,  a  town  of  Spain,  SO  m.  E.N.E. 
Grenada.     P.  2,310. 

Orchies,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Nord,  14  m.  S.E.  Lille.     P.  3,285. 

Orchilla,  a  small  island  of  the  Carib- 
bean sea,  belonging  to  Venezuela,  80  m. 
JSr.W.  Tortuga.     L.  8  m. 

Orchomenus,  a  ruined  city  of  Greece, 

7  m.  N.E.  Lebadea. 

Orciano,  a  vill.  of  Tuscany,  11m.  S.E. 
Leghorn.     P.  1,650. 

Orcieres,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Alpes,  14  m.  N.E.  Gap.    P.  1,510. 

Ord-of-Caithness,  a  stupendous  gran- 
itic mntn.,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Scotland, 
1,200  feet  in  height. 

Orduna,  a  town  of  Spain,  22  m.  N.W. 
Vitoria.     P.  9,400. 

Orebro,.  a  loen  or  prov.  of  Sweden. 
Area,  3,256  sq.  m.     P.  125,061.     On  its 


S.E.  side  is  L.  Hielmar.  Principal  towns, 
Orebro,  Nora,  Linde,  &  Askersund. — Ore- 
b)-o,  the  cap.,  is  situated  at  the  W.  ex- 
tremity of  L.  Hielmar,  104  m.  W.  Stock- 
holm.    P.  4,317. 

Orechov,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the 
Kouskaja,  73  m.  S.S.E.  Ekaterinoslav, 
with  1,600  inhabs. 

Oreeno,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  23  m. 
N.E.  Ditteah. 

Oregon  Territory  embraces  the  por- 
tion of  U.  S.  terr.  lying  between  49°  N. 
lat.  &  California,  &  between  the  Rocky 
Mountains  &  the  Pacific  ocean.  It  ia 
watered  by  the  Columbia  &  its  tributaries, 
Lewis  &  Clark's  rivs.,  the  Willamette,  <&c. 
Area,  341,463  sq.  m.  P.  20,000.  Cap. 
Oregon  city.  Organized  as  a  territory, 
Aug.  14,  1348.  Two  mntnous.  ranges,  ex- 
tending from  N.  to  S.,  separate  the  whole 
country  into  3  parallel  regions.  The 
nearest  the  ocean  is  fertile  land.  The 
middle  region  is  drier  &  less  fertile  ;  the 
inner  region,  between  the  Blue  &  Rocky 
mutns.,  is  partly  desert. II.  a  por- 
tion of  British  N.  America,  having  N.  the 
British  N.W.  terr,,  S.  the  U.  S.  terr.  of 

Oregon,  &  W.'the  Pacific. III.  S.  co. 

Mo.     Area,  1,600  sq.  m.     P.  1,432. 

Oregrund,  a  small  seaport  town  of 
Sweden,  70  m.  N.E.  Stockholm,  with  a 
harbor  in  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.     P.  680. 

Orel,  a  gov.  of  Russia,  mostly  betw. 
lat.  51°  50'  &  54°  N,,  &  Ion.  33°  &  39° 
E.  Area,  18,253  sq.  m.  P.  1,502,900. 
Chief  towns,  Orel,  Mzensk,  Bolkhov,  Jo- 
letz,  Livny,  &  Karatshev. —  Orel,ths  cap., 
is  situated  on  the  Oka,  here  joined  by  the 
Orlyk,  168  m.  N.W.  Voroniej.  P.  33,- 
000.  It  is  in  a  most  favorable  position 
for  commerce,  being  connected  by  rivers 
&  canals  with  the  Baltic,  Black,  &  Cas- 
pian seas ;  &  it  may  be  considered  the 
entrepot  of  the  commerce  between  N.  & 
S.  Russia. 

Orellana  la  Vieja,  a  town  of  Spain, 
63  m.  E.  Badajos. .  P.  1,990.— Orellana 
la  Sierra  is  a  vill.  3  m.  S.E. -ward. 

Orellana,  a  name  of  the  river  Ama- 
zon. 

Orenburg,  a  gov.  of  Russia,  mostly 
comprised  in  Europe,  but  parfly  in  Asia, 
having  S.  &  S  E.  the  Caspian  sea.  Area, 
143,926  sq.  m.  P.  1,948,500.  Principal 
cities,   &c.,  Ufa,   the    cap.,   Orenburg,  & 

Troitsk. II.  a  fortified  city  of  Europ. 

Russia,  cap.  dist.,  in  above  gov.,  on  the 
Ural,  in  lat.  51°  48'  N.,  ion.  55°  12'  E. 
P.  6,000,  excluding  a  garrison  of  9,000 
men.     It  is  well  built  &  paved. 

Orense,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  tha 
Miuho,  46  m.  S.S.W.  Lugo.     P.  5,022. 


570 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


Orfah,  a  fortified  town  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, pash.  &  78  in.  S.W.  Diarbeliir.  Es- 
timated p.  30,000. 

Orford,  a  marljet  town  of  England, 
CO.  Suffolk,   near   the    North  sea,  18  m. 

E.N.E.   Ipswich.      P.   1,109. II.    t, 

Grafton  co.  N.  H.     P.  1,406. III.    a 

t ,  New  Hampshire,  56  m.  N.N.W.  Con- 
cord.    P.  1,707. 

Orgaos,  a  mntn.  cordillera  of  Brazil. 
— The  Serra  des  Orgaos  (Organ  mntns.), 
is  a  part  of  the  chain,  prov.  &  40  m.  N.B. 
Rio  de  Janiero,  so  called  from  their 
peaks,  as  seen  from  Pao,  resembling  the 
pipes  of  an  oi'gan.  Highest  point,  3,800 
feet. 

Orgaz,  a  town  of  Spain,  15  m.  S.S.E. 
Toledo.     P.  2,670. 

Orgelet,  a  comm.  &,  town  of  France, 
dep.  Jura,  10  m.  S.S.E.  Lons-le-Saulnier. 
P.  1,826. 

Orgeval,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  11m.  N.W.Versailles. 
P.  1,640. 

Orgiano,  a  market  town  of  Austrian 
Italy,  12  m.  S.S.W.  Vicenza.     P.  2,000. 

Orgon,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  B.-du-RhOne,  near  1.  b.  of  the  Du- 
rance, 21  m.  E.N.E.  Aries.     P.  1,907. 

Orgosolo,  a  vill.  of  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, 8  m.  S.S.E.  Nuovo.     P.  2,000. 

Oria,  a  town  of  Spain,  40  m.  N.  Al- 
meria.     P.  5,670. 

Oria,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Otranto, 
22.m.W.S.W.  Brindisi.     P.  4,300. 

Origny,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Aisne,  on  the  Thon,  7  m.  N.E.  Ver- 

vias.  P.  1,457.7 II.  {St.  Benoite),  8  m. 

E.  St.  Quentin.     P.  2,192. 

Orihua,  one  of  the  Sandwich  islands. 

Orihuela,  a  city  of  Spain,  32  m.  S.W. 
on  the  Segura.  P.  17,452.  It  stands  at 
the  foot  of  a  ridge  of  rocks,  in  a  tract 
termed,  from  it^  fertility,  "the  garden 
of  Spain." 

Orikhova,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, Rumili,  18  Di.  N.W.  Ipsala. 

Orinoco,  one  of  the  principal  rivers  of 
S.  America,  ranking  in  size  &  import- 
ance immedi;\tely  after  the  Amazon  & 
Plata,  N.  of  which  former  its  basin  lies. 
It  rises  in  the  Sierra  Nevada,  Venezuelan 
Guiana,  enters  the  Atlantic  by  numerous 
mouths,  in  lat.  8°  40'  N.,  &  "ion.  61°  W. 
Total  course  estim.  at  1,600  m.,  for  more 
than  the  latter  half  of  which,  or  to  the 
rapids  of  Atures,  it  is  uninterruptedly 
navigable.  Area  of  its  basin,  252,000 
sq.  m. 

Orinoco  (Department  of),  one  of 
the  great  divs.  of  the  republic  of  Vene- 
zuela.   Estimated  p.  185,000.  Chf.  towns, 


Varinas,  Angostura,  &  San  Fernando  de 
Apure. 

Orio,   a   mkt.  town   of  Spain,    pror. 

Biscay,  6  m.  W.S.W.  San  Sebastian. ■ 

II.  a  vill.,    Lombardy,   11  m.'S.S.E. 

Lodi. —  Oriolo  is  a  vill ,  Pontif.  sta.,  26 
m.  N.W.  Rome.  P.  1,168.  And  a  town 
11  m.  N.W.  Roseto.     P.  2,900. 

Oriskany  Creek,  enters  the  Mohawk. 

Orissa,  a  prov.  of  Hindostdn,  having 
B  the  bay  of  Bengal. 

Oristano,  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Sardinia,  on  the  Oristano,  3  miles  frota 
its  mouth,  55  m.  N.N  W.  Cagliari.  P. 
10,000. — The  gulf  of  Oristano,  between 
Capes  Frasca  &  San  Marco,'  is  10  m.  in 
length,  by  5  m.  in  breadth,  &  receives  the 
river  Oristane.     L.  80  m. 

Orizaba,  a  town  of  the  Mexican  con- 
fed.,  dep.  &  70  m.  S.S.W.  Vera  Cruz,  & 
25  m.  S.  the  volcanic  Peak  of  Orizaba 
(elev.  17,374  feet.)     P.  15,000.  (?) 

Orjiba,  a  town  of  Spain,  32  m.  S.E. 
Granada,  on  the  Guadalfeo.     P.  3,220. 

Orjitza,  a  market  town  of  Russia,  86 
m.  W.N.W.  Poltava.     P.  1,450. 

Orkhei,  a  town  of  S.  Russia,  25  m. 
N.  Kishenau. 

Ohkhon,  a  river  of  Mongolia,  joins  the 
Selenga.     L.  380  m. 

Orkney  Islands,  an  archipelago  off 
the  N.  coast  of  Scotland,  separated  from 
the  CO.  Caithness  by  Pentland  firth. 
Aggregate  area,  600  sq.  m.  P.  30,507, 
16,141  are  in  Mainland,  &  14,366  in  the 
N.  &  S.  Isles.  There  are  29  islands,  the 
principal  is  Pomona,  or  Mainland. 

Orkney  &  Shetland,  the  most  N.  co. 
of  Scotland,  comprising  the  islands  of 
same  names.  Area,  1,325  sq.  m.  P. 
61,065. 

Orkub,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Rumili,  on  the  Morava,  19  miles  S.W. 
Nissa. 

Orlamijnde,  a  town  of  Germany,  on 
tTae  Saale,  here  joined  by  the  Orla,  43  m. 
S.W.  Kahla.     P.  1,154. 

Orland,  t ,  Hancock  co.  Me.    P.  1,381. 

Orleans,  N.  co.  Vt.     Area,  675  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Irasburg.     P.  15,707. II.  N.W. 

co.N.Y.    Area,  372  sq.  m.     Cap.  Albion. 

P.  23,501. III.    S.E.  pa.   La.      Area, 

160  .sq.  m.     Cap.  New  Orleans.     P.  145,- 

000. IV.  t.,   Barnstable  co.  Mass.     P. 

1,974. V.  t.,   Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.     P. 

3,265. VI.  a  comin.  &  city  of  France, 

cap.  dep.   Loiret,  on   rt.  b.  of  the  Loire, 
53  m.  S.S.W.  Paris.     P.  41,507. 

Orleans  (Isle  of),  Lower  Canada,  is 
in  the  St.  Lawrence  r.,  N.W.  Quebec,  &  20  ., 
m.  in  length  S.W.  to  N.E.,  by  6  m.  in  gr 
breadth. 


ORU] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


571    - 


Orlov,  a  name  of  the  Russian  gov. 
Orelv 

Orlov,  several  towns  of  Eussia. 1. 

gov.  &  28  m.  W  S.W.  Viatka.     P.  3,600. 

II   19  m.  E.N.E  Voroniej.    P.  3,500. 

—  Orlovka  is  a  market  town,  32  m.  S.W. 
Novgorod-Severskoi.     P.  1,560. 

Ormea,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  18  m.  S. 
Mondovi,  on  the  Tanaro.     P.  4,750. 

Orme's  Head  (Great),  a  peninsular 
headland  of  N.  Wales,  co.  Carnarvon, 
projecting  into  the  Irish  sea,  5  m.  N.N.W. 
Conway. 

Ormsa  Island,  one  of  the  Hebrides, 
Scotland. 

Ormskirk,  a  market  town,  England, 
CO.  Lancaster,  13   m.   N.N.E.  Liverpool. 

Ormuz,  an  island  in  the  Persian  gulf, 
on  its  N.  side,  near  its  entrance,  45  m. 
due  N.  Cape  Mussendom  (Arabia),  &  now 
belonging  to  the  imaum  of  Muscat,  who 
is  stated  to  rent  it  of  the  shah  of  "Persia. 
It  is  a  mere  barren  rock,  about  12  m.  in 
circumference. 

Ornain,  a  river  of  France,  joins  the 
Saulx,  on  r.  b.     L.  65  m. 

Ornans,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Doubs,  10  m.  S.E.  Besanfon,  on  the 
Loue.     P.  3,089. 

Ornavasso,  a  market  town  of  Pied- 
mont, 12  m.  S.E.  Domo  d'Ossola.  P. 
1,652. 

Orne,  a  dep.  of  France,  in  the  N.W., 
formed  of  part  of  Normandy.  Area,  2,497 
sq.  m.  Surface  agreeably  diversified  with 
ranges  of  low  hills,  presents  along  the 
riv.  courses  rich  pasture  land.    P.  439,884. 

Orxe,  a  small  river  of  France,  enters 
the  English  channel.     L.  70  m. 

Orono,  a  township  of  Maine,  on  the 
Penobscot  river  at  its  fulls,  75  m.  N.E. 
Augusta.     P   1,521. 

Oronsay,  a  small  island  of  the  Heb- 
rides. 

Orontes,  a  river  of  iST.  Syria,  enters 
the  Mediterranean.     L,  240  m. 

Oropesa,  two  towns  of  Spain. 1.  65 

m.  N.E.  Caceres. II.  13  m.  N.E.  Cas- 

tellon  de  la  Plana. 

Oropo,  a  vill.  of  Greece,  24  m.  E. 
Thebes. 

Orosei,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  the  island 
of  Sardinia,  18  m.  E.N.E.  Nuovo.  P. 
1,703. 

Oroshaza,  a  large  vill.  of  E.  Hungary, 
27  m.  S.W.  Bekes.     P.  9,581. 

Orotava,  n,  town  of  the  Canary  islands, 
on  N.  coast  of  Teneriffe.     P.  8,315. 

Orphano,  a  marit.  vill.  of  European 
Turkey,  on  the  gulf  of  Orphano,  50  m. 
E.  Salonica.  The  gulf  of  Orphano  is  also 
called  gulf  of  Coatessa. 


Orrell,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
Lancaster.     P.  2,478. 

Orrix,  a  ri^r  of  Scotland,  joins  the 
Con an.     L.  27  m. 

Orrington,  a  township,  Maine,  60  m. 
N.E.  Augusta.     P.  1,580. 

Orsara,  a  town  of  Naples,  5  m.  N.W. 
Bovino.     P.  4,200. 

Orsha,  a  town  of  Russia,  44  m.  N. 
Mogjhilev,  cap.  dist ,  on  the  Dnieper.  P. 
2,000. 

Orsk,  a  fort  of  Asiatic  Russia,  155  m. 
E.S.B.  Orenburg,  on  the  river  Ural.  P. 
1,260..^ 

Orsova  (New),  a  frontier  town  of 
Little  Wallachia,  on  an  island  in  the 
Danube,  4  m.  above  the  "Iron  gate,"  & 
36  m.  E.  Moldova,  Cn  the  borders  of 
Hungary. —  Old  Orsova  is  a  vill.  of  Hun- 
gary, 3  m.  S.W.  New  Orsova,  on  1.  b.  of 
the  "Danube.     P.  990. 

Orsoy,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  21 
m.  N.N.W.  Diisseldorf,  on  the  Rhine.  P. 
1,625. 

Ort,  a  market  town  of  Lower  Austria, 
16  m.  E.S.E.  Vienna,  on  the  Danube.  P. 
1,400. 

Orta  (Lake  of).  Piedmont,  7  m.  W. 
of  the  Lake  Maggiore,  into  which  it  dis- 
charges its  surplus  waters.  L.  8  m. ;  br. 
IJ  m. —  Orta  is  also  a  market  town  of 
Naples,  13  m.  S.S.E.  Foggia.     P.  1,500. 

Orte,  a  decayed  town  of  Italy,  Pontif. 
states,  15  m.  E.  Viterbo,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Tiber.     P.  2,339. 

Ortegal  (Cape),  a  headland  of  Spain, 
in  the  N.  of  Galicia. 

Ortelsburg,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  82 
m.  S.S.E.  Konigsberg.     P.  520. 

Ortenberg,  a  town  &  viW.  of  Ger- 
many.  1,  grand  duchy,  H.  Darmstadt, 

on  the  Nidder,  24  m.  N.E.  Frankfurt.  P. 
1,097. — • — II.  grand  duchy,  Baden.'  P. 
981. —  Ortenburg  is  a  market  town  of 
Lower  Bavaria,  10  m.  W.  Passau.  P. 
1,000. 

Orthez,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Franco, 
dep.  B.  Pyrenees,  24  m.  N.W.  Pau.  P. 
5,073. 

Ortler,  the  loftiest  mountain  of  the 
Tyrol,  &  of  the  Austrian  empire,  Rhsetian 
Alps,  about  10  m.  S.  Glurns.  Elevation, 
12,821  feet. 

Orton,  a  market  town  of  England,  co. 
Westmoreland,  8i  m.  S.S.W.  Appleby. 
P.  1,449. 

Ortona,  a-  town  of  Naples,  8  m.  N. 
Lanciano,  on  the  Adriatic.     P.  6,900. 

Ortrand",  a  town  of  Pru.ssian  Saxony, 
76  m.  E.  Merseburg.     P.  1,820. 

Ohuro,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  100  m.  N.W. 
Sucre.     P.  5,000. 


-^"^^^., 


572 


CYCLOP  JEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[OST 


Orust,  an  isl.  of  Sweden,  28  m.  N-W. 
Gottenburg,  in  the  Kattegat.  L.  14  m. ; 
br.  10  m.  s 

Orvieto,  a  city  of  Cent.  Italy,  Pontif. 
states,  60  m.  N.N.AV.  Rome.     P.  6,210. 

Orwell,  a  riv.  of  England,  co.  SufiFolk, 
joins  the  Stour  at  Harwich,  the  harbor 
of  which  town  is  formed  by  their  united 
estuary. 

~  Orwell,  t.,  Rutland  co.  Vt.     P.  1,504. 
• II.  t.,  Bradford  co.  Pa.     P.  1,037. 

Osage,  a  river  of  the  United  States, 
tributary  to  the  Missouri,  which  it  joins 
from  the  S.W.,  near  Jefferson,  &  133  m. 
above  the  confl.  with  the  Mississippi.  In 
its  lower  part  it  traverses  fertile  &  well- 
wooded  lands,  &  it  is  navigable  for  steam- 
boats for  200  m.  of  jts  course. II.  S.E. 

CO.  Mo.  Area,  860  sq.  m.  Cap.  Alexander. 

P.  8,704. III.  p-v.,  cap.  Benton  co. 

Ark.,  200  m.  W.N.W.  Little  Rock. 

Osaka,  a  seaport  &,  one  of  the  5  great 
imperial  towns  of  Japan,  island  Niphon, 
on  its  S-W.  coast. 

Osborne,  the  mai-ine  residence  of  the 
Queen  of  Great  Britain,  Isle  of  Wight, 
near  its  N.  coast,  IJ  ra.  from  W.  Cowes. 
— Osborne  Islands  are  a  group  in  Ad- 
miralty gulf,  off  the  S^.W.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia. 

^     OscARSTAD,  a  town  of  Sweden,  40  m. 
N.W.  Carlstad. 

Osceola,  p-v.,  cap.  St.  Clair  co.  Mo., 
132  m.  W.  Jefferson  city. 

OscH,  a  mkt.  town  of  the  Netherl'ds, 
11  m.  N.E.  Bois-le-Duc. 

Oschatz,  a  town  of  Saxony,  61  miles 
E.S.B.  Leipzig.     P.  5,360. 

OscHERSLEBEN,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  19  m.  W.S.W.  Magdeburg.  P. 
3,850. 

OscHiRi,  a  vill.  of  Sardinia,  29  miles 
E.N.E.  Sassari,  on  the  Selema.  P.  1,993. 

Oscoda,  N.E.  co.  Mich.  Area,  576 
sq.  m. 

OsERO,  an  isl.  of  Illyria,  circ.  Trieste, 
off  the  S.W.  side  of  the  isl.  Cherso.  L. 
17m.;b.  4  m.     P.  3,000. 

OsERO,  a  marit.  town  of  Illyria,  on 
the  W.  side  of  the  island  Cherso,  in  the 
Adriatic.     P.  1,500. 

Osilo,  a  vill.  of  Sardinia,  6  m.  E.  Sas- 
sari.    P.  2,000. 

OsiMA,  a  small  isl.  of  Japan,  40  m.  W. 
Matsniai,  on  the  island  Yesso. 

■OsiMO,  a  town  of  Central  Itnlv,  Pon- 
tif sta.,  9  ra.  S.  Ancona.     P.  13,430. 

OsKOL,  2  towns  of  Russia,  gov.  Koursk. 

1,  cap.  dist.,  on  the  Oskol,  92  miles 

S.E.  Koursk. II.  70  m.  E  S.E.  Koursk. 

OsMA,  a  town  of  Spain,  26  m.  S.W.  So- 
ria.     P.  617/ II.  a  river  of  European 


Turkej',  Bulgaria,  joins  the  Danube.  L. 
100  m". 

OsMAN,  a  town  of  India.  Punjab. 

OsMAN-BAZAR,  a  town  of  Europ.  Tur- 
key, Bulgaria,  32  ni.  W.  Shumla. 

OsMANJiK,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
54  m.  W.N.W  Amasia. 

OsNABURG,  a  town  of  Hanover,  on  the 
Hase,  74  m.  AV.S.W.  Hanover.  P.  11,- 
751.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  entered  by 
5  gates,  &  consists  of  an  olcf  &  now  town. 

OsNABUHGH,  p-t.,  stark  co.  0.  P.  2,333. 

OsNABUHGH  Island,  Pacific  ocean,  is 
in  lat.  21°  54'  0"  S.,  Ion.  138°  59'  34"  W., 
is  14  m.  in  length. 

OsoRNO,  a  volcano,  river,  lake,  & 
ruined  town  of  Chile,  the  volcano  is  near 
the  Patagonian  frontier.  Elev.  7,550  ft. 
The  river  rises  in  the  large  lake  at  its 
foot,  &  enters  the  Pacific. 

OsoRNO  Mayor,  a  vill.  of  Spain,  Leon, 
prov.  &.32  m.  N.  Palencia. 

OssA,  a  mountain  of  Thessaly,  on  the 

E.  side  of  the  river  Peneus. II.  a  riv. 

of  W.  Prussia,  joins  the  Vistula.  L.  45 
m. III.  a  bay  of  the  Asiatic  archi- 
pelago, on  the  E.  side  of  the-isl.  Gilolo. 

OssA,  a  town  of  Russia,  58  m.  S.W.,  on 
the  Kama.     P.  2,000. 

OssABAw,  isl.  &  sound,  Ga.,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Ogeechee  r. 

OssAiA,  a  frontier  vill.  of  Tuscany,  3 
m.  S.  Curtona. 

Ossi,  a  vill.  of  Sardinia,  4  m.  S.S.E. 
Sassari.     P.  2,297. 

OssiAN,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
1,233. 

OssiPEE,  lake  &  river,  N.  H. II. 

mntns.  Strafford  co.  N.  H. III.  t.,  cap. 

Carroll  CO.  N.  H.     P.  2,170. 

OssoREE,  a  large  vill.  of  Hindostan,  23 
m.  W.N.W.  Nundydroog. 

OssuN,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  den.  H.  Pyrenees,  10  m.  S.W. 
Tarbes.     P'.  3,004. 

OsTASHKOv,  a  town  of  Russia,  104  ra. 
W.N.W.  Tever,  on  Lake  Salig.  P.  8,990. 

O&TENDE,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of 
Belgium,  on  the  North  sea,  60  m.  N. 
of  the  North  Foreland  (Kent).  P  14,- 
506.  It  is  regularly  &  neatly  built,  & 
its  houses  are  painted  of  different  colors. 

OsTER,  a  town  of  Russia,  44  m.  S.S.W. 
Tchernigov,  on  the  Desna.     P.  2,000. 

OsTERBURG,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, &  47  m.  N.  Magdeburg.     P.  2,285. 

bsTERBY,  a  small  town  of  Sweden,  29 
m.  N.N.E.  Upsal. 

OsTERODE,  a  town  of  Hanover,  51  m. 

S  S.E.  Hanover.     P.  5,197 II.  a  town 

of  E.  Prussia,  75  m.  S.S.W.  Konigsberg, 
on  Lake  Drewenz.     P.  2,610. 


OTO] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


673 


OsTER-RisoKR,  a  seaport  town  of  Nor- 
way, 60  miles  N.E.  Christiansand.     P. 

1,700.      .     ■■    ^  •'■ 

OsTERsuND,  a  tOTiyn  of  N.  Sweden,  112 
ra.  W.S.W.  Hernosand,  on  Lake  Sior.  P. 
1,500. 

OsTERWicir,  a  frontier  town  of  Prus- 
sian Saxony,  42  m.  W.S.W.  Magdeburg. 
P;  3,350. 

OsTHAMMER,  a  Small  seaport  town  of 
Sweden,  65  m.  N.  Stockholm.     P.  1,000. 

OsTHEiM,  several  villages  of  Germany. 
— —I.  Bavarin,  5  miles  S.W.  Aschaffen- 

hurt;,  with  2,100  inhabs. II.  {Klein  or 

Little),  on  the  Main,  4  m.  N  AV.  Aschaff- 

cnburg. III.  {0-vor-der- Rkoii),   a  t. 

of  Saxe  Weimar,  &  37  m.  S.S.W.  Eise- 
nnch.     P.  2,600. 

OsTHOFEN,  a  market  town  of  the  grtmd 
duchv,  Ilesssen  -  Darmstadt,  near  the 
Rhine,  G  m.  N.N.W.  Worms.     P.  2,750. 

OsTiA,  a  vi!l.  of  Central  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.,  14  m.  W.S^W.  Rome. 

Oktiano,  a  market  town  of  Lombardy, 
8  in.  N.W.  Canneto.     P.  3,400. 

OsTiGLiA,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  17  m. 
E.S.E.  Mantua,  on  the  Po.     P.  3,000. 

Ortra,  a  town  of  Moravia,  circ.  &  6 
ni.  S.S.W.  Hradisch.     P.  2,430. 

OsTRAu,  ii  town  of  Moravia,  30  miles 
NE.  Wei-skirchsn.     P.  1,690. 

OsTRixA,  a  market  town  of  Russia,  30 
m.  E  N.E.  Grodno.     P.  1,700. 

O.'-TRiTz,  a  town  of  Saxony,  10  m.  N.E. 
Zittui^    P.  l,47u. 

Ostrog,  a  tnwn  of  Russian  Poland, 
on  the  Gorin,  100  miles  W.  Jitomir.  P. 
6  400. 

OsTRonoi.sK,  a  town  of  Russia,  59  m. 
S.  Von.n-ej.      P.  4,400. 

OsTROGOTniA,  an  old  prov.  of  Sweden. 

Ortrok  a  rem  irkable  convent  of  Mon- 
tonegio,  22  m.  N.E.  Cattaro.  It  is  built  in 
a  .'picious  civorn.  In  1768  it  v.'as  de- 
A.^n.!e  1  by  30  men  against  30,000  Turks. 

O^TROLKXXA,  a  town  of  Poland,  86  m. 
N  E    I'lwck.     P.  1,850. 

OsTROPOL.  0  nilct.  town  of  Russian  Po- 
In-id,  r,9  m.  S.W    Jitomir.     P.  1,920. 

OsTRO'-,    «    town  of  Russia,   35  m.  S. 

Pskov.     P.  1.500. II.   Poland,  54  m. 

S.E.  S'eilec,  with  2,700  inhabs. 

OsTRQVizzA.   a   market  town  of  Dal- 

in:*li'!,  25  in.E  S.S.  Zara. II.  a  mkt. 

t')ivn  of  European  Turkev,  60  m.  W.S.W. 
Bany^ilu!:a. 

OsTROVNO,  a  town  of  Russia,  9  m. 
N.X.AV.  MoLThilev.     P.  2,000. 

OsTROwiEc,  a  town  of  Poland,  10  m. 
N.  Opatow.     P.  2,060. 

OsTROWo,  a  town  of  Pru.ssian  Poland, 
67  m   SE.  Posea.     P.  4,510.  . 


OsTEUMJA,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, 53  m.  S.S.AV.  Ghiustendil. 

OsTUNi,  a  town  of  Naples,  on  a  steep 
hill,  24  m.  W.N.W.  Brindisi.    P.  6,000. 

OsuNA,  a  town  of  Spain,  43  m.  E.  Se- 
villa.  P.  17,556.  It  stands  on  the  de- 
clivity of  a  hill  crowned  with  a  castle. 

OsvEJA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  98  m. 
N.W.  Vitebsk,  on  the  lake  of  Osveja.  P. 
1,800. 

OswALDTWisTLE,  a  tnshp.  of  England, 
CO.  Lancaster.     P.  6,655. 

OswEGATCHiE,  a  river  of  New  York, 
after  a  N.W.  course  of  120  m.,  joins  the 
St.  Lawrence  at  Ogdensburg. — The  tnshp. 
Oswegatchie,  on  its  banks,  p.  3,193,  con- 
tains the  vill.  Ogdensburg,  &  a  part  of 
the  Black  lake. 

OsviTEGO,  a  river-port,  &  vill.  of  the 
U.  S.,  N.  America,  N.  York,  on  both  sides 
of  the  Oswego,  here  crossed  by  a  wooden 
bridge,  700  feet  length,  at  its  mouth  in 
Lake  Ontario.  It  is  regularly  &  hand- 
somely built.  Its  excellent  harbor  is 
formed  by  2  piers,  has  2  lighthouses,  & 
is  defended  by  a  large  pentagonal  for- 
tress, &  some  smaller  forts.  A  large  por- 
tion of  the  trade  between  the  U.  S.  & 
Upper  Canada,  passes  through  the  town. 

P.  12,205.     Tonnage,   26,323  21. II. 

formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Seneca  & 

Oneida  rivs,,  enters    Lake  Ontario. 

III.  N.  CO.  N.-  Y.  Area,  923  sq.  m. 
Caps.  Oswego  &  Pulaski.     P.  62,198. 

Oswestry,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Salop.     P.  8,840. 

Otago,  a  colonial  settlement  of  New 
Zealand,  on  Otago  bay,  S.E.  side  of  Mid- 
dle Isle,  320  m.  S.W."Port  Nicholson. 

Otaha,  one  of  the  Society  isls.,  Paejfio 
ocean. 

Otaki,  a  market  town  of  S.  Russia, 
on  the  Dniester,  3  m.  S.  Mohilev.  P. 
1,570. 

Otavalo,  a  town  of  Columbia,  Ecua- 
dor, 40  m.  N.N.E.  Quito. 

Otego,  p-t.,  Otsego  CO.  N.  Y.  P. 
1,792. 

Othrys  (Mount),  a  mntn.  chain  farm- 
in<r  the  N.  frontier  of  Greece.  Height 
varies  from  4,500  to  5,700  ft. 

Otis,  town,  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  P. 
1,177. 

Otisco,  lake,  N.  Y.,  lies  in  the  W.  part 

of  Onondaga  co. II.  p-t.,  Onondaga 

CO.  on  Otisco  lake.     P.  1,804. 

Otisfield,  t.,  Cumberland  co.  Me.  P. 
1,307. 

Otley,  a  market  town  of  England,  co. 
York,  W.  Riding,  9J  m.  N.W.  Leeds. 

Otoqoe,  a  small  island  of  S.  America, 
in  the  bay  of  Panama,  Pacific  ocean. 


nu 


CrCLOP^DIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[OUD 


Otuanto,  a  seaport  town  of  Naples, 
on  the  strait  of  Otranto,  opposite  Cape 
Linguetta  (Albania),  23  m.  S.E.  Lecce. 
P.  4)500.— 6'ape  Otranto,  lat.  40°  8'  N., 
Ion.  18°  29'  E.,  is  ou  the  strait  of  Otranto, 
a  channel  44  m.  across,  &  which  connects 
the  Adriatic  with  the  Mediterranean 
sea. 

Otrah,  a  town  of  independ.  Turkes- 
tan, on  the  Sihon,  93  m.  N.W.  Tunkat. 

Otsego,  a  lake  of  the  U.  S.,  N.  Amer., 
New  York,   60   m.  W.N.W.  Albany.     L. 

9  m.,  br.  2  m. II.  a  central  co.  N.  Y. 

Area.  892  sq.  m.     Cap.  Cooperstown.     P. 

48,638. III.  t.,  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.    P. 

3.901. 

Otselic,  p-t.,  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
1,800. 

Oi'SHAKOv,  a  seaport  town  of  S.  Russia, 
on  the  Black  sea,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Dnieper,  40  m.  E.N.E.  Odessa.    P.  3,420. 

Ottajano,  a  town  of  Naples,  at  the 
N.E.  foot  of  Mount  Vesuvius,  12  m.  E. 
Naples,  cap.  cant.     P.  14,000. 

Ottakring,  a  vill.  of  Lower  Austria., 
3  m.  W.  Vienna.     P.  3,690. 

Ottawa,  a  consid.  river  of  Canada, 
enters  the  Lake  of  the  Mountains,  about 
40  m.  W.  Montreal,  after  a  total  course 
of  at  least  600  m.  It  traverses  several 
small  lakes. 

Ottenheim,  two  market  towns  of  Ger- 
many. 1.  Upper  Austria,  on  the  Dan- 
ube, 6  m.  W.N.W.  Linz,  with   1,250  in- 

habs. II.  Baden,  6  m.  N.W.  Lahr,  on 

the  Rhine.     P.  1,340. 

Ottensen,  a  vill.  of  Denmark,  2  m. 
W.  Altona,  with  1,500  inhabs. 

Ottenstein,  two  mkt.  towns  of  Ger- 
many.  1,  duchy    Brunswick,  on    the 

Weser,    5    m.    S.W.   Rodenwerder.      P. 

1,200. II.  Prussian  Westphalia,  &  30 

m.  W.N.W.  Miinster.     P.  940. 

Otter,  a  river  of  Engl.,  enters  the 
Engl,  channel  near   Otterton.     L.-  24  m. 

II.   a    river  of   Germany,    Rhenish 

Bavaria,  joins  the  Rhine  near  Neupforz- 

heim. -III.  {Peaks  of),  Va.,  are  the 

summits  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  &  the  highest 
land  in  the  state.     Height  4,260  ft. 

Otterbach,  two  contig.  vills.  of  Rhe- 
nish Bavaria,  on  the  Otter,  S.  Lnndau. 
Unit.  pop.  2,176. 

Otterberg,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Ba- 
varia, 63  m.  N.W.  Spires.     P.  2,580. 

Otter  Creek,  a  river  of  Vermont, 
flows  mostly  N.W.,  &  enters  Lake  Cham- 
plain.  It  is  navigable  to  Vergennes  for 
the  largest  lake  vessels,  &  for  boats  to 
Middleburg,  a  distance  of  25  miles. 

Ottehndorf,  a  town  of  Hanover,  28 
m.  N.W.  Stade,  cap.  dist.     P.  1,864. 


Ottersberg,  a  vill.  of  Hanover,  15  m. 
E.N.E.  Bremen.     P.  1,056. 

Ottery  (St.  Maky),  a  market  town 
of  England,  co.  Devon,  on  the  Olter.  P. 
4,194.  •    " 

Ottiglio,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  9  m. 
S.W.  Casale.     P.  1,757. 

Ottma^hau,  a  town  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, &  37  m.  W.S.W.  Oppeln. ,  P.  2,740. 

Otto,  t.,  Cattaraugus  co.  N.  Y.,  10  m. 
N.W.  Ellicotkville.     P.  2,167. 

Ottobeuren,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  cap. 
dist.,  40  m.  S.W.  Augsburg.     P.  1,430. 

Ottowa,  N.W.  CO.  0.     Area,  350  sq. 

m.     Cap.  Port  Clinton.     P.  3,308. II. 

N.AV.  CO.  Mich.     Area,  700  sq.  m.     Cap. 

Grand  Haven.      P.  5,587. IIL  p-v., 

cap.  La  Salle  co.  111.,  133  m.  N.N.B. 
Spf  ingfield.     P.  500. 

Ottweiler,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 33  m.  S.E.  Treves,  cap.  circ.  P. 
2,260. 

Otumba,  a  vill.  of  the  Mexican  con- 
fed.,  state  &  35  m.  N.E.  Mexico. 

Otway  (Cape),  a  headland  of  S.  Aus- 
tralia, 70  m.  S.W.  Port  Phillip.--(Pori!), 
a  good  harbor  of  W.  Patagonia. —  Otway 
water  is  a  considerable  inland  sea  of 
Tierra  del  Fuego. 

Ouaine,  a  river  &  mkt.  town  of  France, 
dep.  Yonne.  The  riv.,  after  a  W.  course 
of  45  m.,  joins  the  Loing.  The  town  is 
at  its  source,  12  m.  S.S.W.  Auxerre.  P. 
1,233. 

Oualan,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  0., 
Carolines.  Mont  Crozet,  2,156  feet  in 
height,  is  in  lat.  5°  30"  N.,  Ion.  163°  30' 
E.     L.  10  m.,  by  7  in  breadth. 

Oubsa-Nor,  a  lake  of  the  Chinese  em- 
pire.    L.  75  m.,  br.  25  m. 

OucHE,  a  river  of  France,  joins  the 
SaOne  near  St.  Jean  de  Losne.  L.  50 
miles. 

OucHi,  Yun-Pin,  a  town  of  Chinese 
Turkestan. 

OucHiTZA,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
on  the  Dniester,  23  m.  E.S.E.  Kamenetz. 
P.  2,000. 

OucHY,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland. 

OucauEs,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Franco, 
dep.  Loir-et-Cher,  16  m.  N.  Blois.  P. 
1,362. 

OtTDABAD,  a  town  of  Russian  Trans- 
caucasia, 33  m.  S.E.  Nakhchevan.  P. 
6,000.(?) 

OuDANULLA,  a  small  town  of  Brit.  In- 
dia, on  the  Ganges. 

OuDE,  a  prov.  &  kingdom  of  Hindos- 
tan,  Eubsid.  to  the  British,  between  lat. 
25°  30'  &  29°  N.,  &  Ion.  80°  &  82°  30' 
E..  having  N.  Nepaul.  Estimated  area, 
24,000  sq.m.,  &  p.  5,000,000,  a  superior 


} 


ous] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


5^5 


race  in  Hindostan,  tall  &  robust,  with 
considerable  mental  energy. —  Oude,  for- 
merly cap.  above  state,  extends  for  some 
distance  along  the  S.  bank  of  the  Go^jgra, 
here  crossed  by  an  English  iron  bridge, 
77  m.  E.  Lucknow.  It  is  large,  &  greatly 
venerated  by  Hindoos. 

OuDENBoscH,  a  mkt.  town  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, 11  m.  W.  Breda.     P.  2,640. 

OuDERKERK,  two  vills.  of  the  Nether- 
lands.  1,  in  S.  Holland,  6  m.  E.  Hot- 

terdam,  with  1,440  inhabs. 

OuDEWATEE,  a  town  of  Netherlands, 
on  the  Yssel,  18  m.  E.N.E.  Rotterdam. 
P.  2,000. 

OuDGHiR,  a  vill.  &  port  of  India,  Dec- 
can,  43  m.  N.N.W.  Beeder. 

OuDON,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Loire  Inf,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Loire,  14 

m.   N.E.    Nantes.       P.    1,600. II.    a 

river,  joins  the  Mayenne.     L.  40  miles. 

OuDSHOORN,  a  vill^of  Netherlands,  on 
the  Old  Rhine,  7  m.  E.  Leyden.  P. 
1,691. 

OuEN  (St.),  numerous  comms.  &  vills. 

of  France. 1,   {de  la    Royerie),  dep. 

lUe-et-Vilaine,  14  m.  N.W.  Fougeres. 
P.  2,076. II.  {des  Toits),  dep.  May- 
enne,  8  m.  N.W.   Laval.     P.  1,750. 

III.   {I'Aunione),   dep.    Soine-et-Oise,  2 

ni.  S.  Pontoise.      P.    1,500. IV.   {sur 

Seine),  4  m.  N.  Paris,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Seine. 

OuGHTER  (Lough),  a  lake  of  Irel., 
Ulster,  CO.  Cavan.     L.  5  m.  br.  3  m. 

OuGLiTCH,  a  town  of  Russia,  60  miles 
W.S.W.  Jaroslavl,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Volga. 
P.  8,000. 

OuKEsiMA,  an  island,  Anam,  gulf  of 
Tonquin. 

Ou-KIANG,  a  consid.  riv.  of  China, 
joins  the  Yang-tze-kiang,  after  a  N. 
course  of  500  miles. 

OuLAN-KHOTON,  a  town  of  Mongolia, 
120  m.  N.N.W.  Fekmg.—  Oulan-Oboia  a 
nintn.,  Mongolia,  which  rises  out  of  a 
plain  200  m.  S.E.  Ourga. 

OunAssouTAi,  a  consid.  town  of  Mon- 
golia. 

OuLLiNs,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Rhone,  3|  m.  S.  Lyon,  with  2,020 
inhabs. 

OuLX,  a  vill.  ftf  Piedmont,  12  m.  S.W. 
Susa,  on  tlie  I>ora,  near  its  source  in  the 
Alps.     P.  1,392. 

OuMAN,  a  town  of  Russia,  110  miles 
S.S.W.  Kiev.     P.  6,800. 

OUMNAK,  &    OuNALASKA,    twO    of   the 

Fox  isls.,  N.  Pacific  ocean. 

OoND,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Pombay,  dist.  &  5  m.  N.W.  Poonah,  with 
a  h.andsome  Hindoo  temple. 


OuNDLE,  a  mkt.  town  of  England,  co. 
Northampton,  on  the  Nen,  13  m.  W.S.W. 
Peterborough. 

OuRCE,  a  river  of  France,  deps.  S. 
Marne,  Cute-d'Or,  &  Aube,  after  a  N.W. 
course  of  40  miles,  joins  the  Seine  near 
Bar-sur-Seine. 

OuRCQ,  a  river  of  France,  joins  the 
Marne.  L.  30  m. — The  canal  d'  Ourcq, 
which  supplies  Paris  with  water,  branches 
from  the  Ourcq  at  Senlis,  &  terminates 
in  the  basin  de  la  Vilette,  N.E.  of  Paris. 
Total  length  58|  miles. 

OuREM,  a  town  of  Portugal,  15  m.  S.E. 

Leiria.     P.  3,720. 'II.  a  small  town 

of  Brazil,  prov.  Para,  55  m.  E.  Belem. 

OuRGA,  a  city  of  Mongolia,  cnp.  the 
Khalkas  country,  on  the  Tula,  165  m. 
S.S.E.  Kiachta.  P.  7,000,  of  whom  a 
fifth  are  priests. 

OuRiQUE,  a  town  of  Portugal,  30  m. 
S.W.  Beja.     P.  2,300. 

OuROB,  an  island  of  Denmark,  in  the 
lise-fiord,  an  inlet  of  Seeland,  29  m. 
W.N.W.  Copenhagen.     L.  4  m.,  br.  3  m. 

OuRTHE,  a  river  of  Belgium,  joins  the 
Maese  at  Liege,  after  a  N.  course  of  80 
miles. 

OuRO  Preto,  a  city  of  Brazil.  It  is 
situated  on  several  hills,  at  an  elevation 
of  4,000  feet  above  the  sea,  200  m.  N.N.W. 
Rio-de-Janeiro.     P.  8,00p. 

OuRviLLE,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Seine  Inf.,  10  m.  N.W. 
Yvetot.     P.  1,290. 

OusE,  several  rivers  of  Engl. -Leo. 

York,  is  formed  by  the  junction  of  the 
Swale  &  Ure,  &  unites  with  the  Trent  to 
form  the  estuary  of  the  Humber.  Total 
course  about  60  m.,  for  the  last  45  of 
which,  or  to  York,    it  is   navigable   for 

large  vessels. II.  {Great),  rises  near 

Brackley,  &  enters  the  Wash  at  King's 
Lynn,  after  a  course  of  about  160  m.,  for 
the  latter  two  thirds  of  which  it  is  navi- 
gable.  III.  Little  Ouse,  or   Brandon 

river,   joins    it    from    Suffolk. IV.   a 

small  riv.,  co.  Sus.-e.'c,  enters  the  English 
channel  near  Seaford. 

Ouse,  a  river  of  Upper  Canada,  it  en- 
ters Lake  Erie  at  Sherbrooke.  L.  130 
miles. 

OussouR,  a  t.  of  British  India,  on  tho 
Mysore  frontier,  20  m.  N.W.  Ryeotta. 

Oust,  a  river  of  France,  joins  the  Vi- 
laine  near  Redon,  after  a  S.E.  course  of 

70  m. II.    i).   comm.   &     town,    dep. 

Ariege,  8  m.  S.E.  St.  Girons.     P-  1,621. 

OusTiouJNA,  a  town  of  Russia,  195  m 
B.  Novgorod,  on  the  Mologa.  P.  3,000^ 

Oust  Sysolsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  3S3 
m.  E.N.E.  Vologda.     P-  3,500. 


576 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[OXF 


Ou-TCHOr,  a  city  of  China,  130  m. 
W.N.W.  Canton. 

OuTEiRO,  a  market  town  of  Portugal, 
7  m.  S.E.  Braganza,  with  1,600  inhabs. 

OuTREFUKENs,  a.  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Loire,  i  m.  E.  St.  Etienne. 
P.  1,339,  empluj'ed  in  refining  steel, 
manufacturing  window-glass,  &  raising 
coal. 

OuzouER,  several  eomms."  &  vils.  of 
France,  the  principal  0.  le  Marche,  dep. 
Loir-et-Cher,  cap.  cant.,  17  m.  W-.  Or- 
leans.    P.  1,246. 

OvADA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Piedmont,  20 
m.  S.  Alessandria.     P.  6,177. 

OvAR,  a  town  of  Portugal,  on  the  Ovar, 
15  ra.  N.  Aveiro.     P.  5,000. 

OvAiti  (Bay  of),  an  inlet  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  island  Niphon,  Japan.  L.  25 
m.,  gr.  br.  20  m. 

OvENDEN,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
7ork,  W.  Kiding.     P.  11,799. 

Ovens  River,  S.E.  Australia,  joins 
the  Hume  to  form  the  Murray. 

Over,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl.,  co.  &  15 
m.  E.  Chester.     P.  2,863. 

Overflakkee,  an  island  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, between  two  arms  of-  the  Rhine 
(or  Maas).     L.  25  m.,  br.  7  m. 

OvERst  HIE,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
3  m.  N.W.  Rotterdam.     P.  2,440. 

Overslaugh,  N.  Y.,  consists  of  a  suc- 
cession of  bars  &  flats  in  Hudson  river, 
3  m.  below  Albany,  rendering  the  chan- 
nel shallow  &  winding. 

Overton,  N.  co.  Tenn.    Area,  890  ^q. 

m.    Cap.  Monroe.  P.  11,211. II.  p-v., 

cap.    Claiborne    pa.    La.,    406   m.  N.W. 
New  Orleans. 

Overyssel,  a  prov.  of  the  Netherlands, 
E.  the  Zuyder  Zee.  Area,  1,286  sq.  m. 
P.  212,707.  Surface  almost  wholly  level, 
&  in  a  great  part  marshy  or  heath  lands. 

Ovid,  t.,  Seneca  co.  N.  Y.,  between 
Ca.yuga  &  Seneca  lakes.     P.  2,258. 

OviDiopoL;  a  fortified  seaport  town  of 
S.  Russia,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Dniester, 
&  20  m.  S.W.  Odessa.     P.a,400. 

OviEDO,  a  city  of  Spain,  in  the  N.W., 
cap.  prov.,  near  the  confl.of  the  Ovia  & 
Nora  rivers,  61  m.  N.N.W.  Leon.  P. 
10,560.  Chief  edifice,  the  cathedral,  one 
of  the  finest  in  Spain. 

OviGLio,  avill.  of  Sardinia,  7m.W.S.W. 
Alessandria.     P.  2,200! 

Ovoca,  or  AvocA,  a  river  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  co.  Wicklow. 

OvRUTSH,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
cap.  dist.,  on  the  Marinna,  82  m.  N. 
Jitomir.     P.  2,500. 

V    OwAsco  (Lake),  New  York,  immedi- 
ately S.E.  Auburn,  is  12  m.  long,  Aim. 


broad.  On  its  N.B.  shore  is  the  vill. 
Owasco. 

OwEGO,  ,a  township.  New  York,  cap. 
CO.  Tioga,  on  the  Owego,  &  Susquehanna, 
132  m.  AV.S.W.  Albany.    P.  7,654. 

Owen,  N.  co.  Ky.     Area,   320  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Liberty.    P.  10,444. II.  S.W.  co. 

la. .  Area,  396  sq.  m.  Cap.  Spencer.  P. 
12,106. 

OwENSBORo',    p-v.,   cap.    Daviess  co. 

Ky- 

OwiNGSviLLE,  p-v.,  cap.  Bath  co.  Ky. 

Owsley,  CO.  Ky.     P.  3,774. 

OwLA,  Aula,  a  decayed  town  of  Brit. 
India,  16  m.  N.W.  Bareily,  on  the  S.W. 
of  the  Nawaul  nullah. 

OwRA,  a  town  of  India,  on  the  Chum- 
bul,  75  m.  S.S.W.  Kotah. 

OwRAM  (North  &  South),  two  con- 
tiguous tnsbips.  of  Engl.,  co.  York,  W. 
Riding.  P.  ot  N.  Owram,'  13,352  ;  of  S. 
Owram,  6,478. 

Oxford,  W.  eo.  Me.    Area,  1,600  sq. 

m.     Cap.    Paris.     P.   39.663. II.  t, 

Oxford   CO.   Me.     P.   1,254. IIL  t., 

Worcester  co.   Mass.      P.   1,742. IV. 

t..  New  Haven  co.  Conn.     P.  1,626. 

V.  p-t.,  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.,  109  m.  W. 

Albany.     P.  3,227. VI.  t.,  Warren  co. 

N.  J.     P.  2,853. VII.  t.,  Philadelphia 

CO.  Pa.     P.  1,582 VIII.  p-t.,*  Butler 

CO.  0.     P.  3,883. IX.  t.,  Guernsey  co. 

0.     P.  2,252. X.  p-v.,  cap.  Granville 

CO.  N.  C,  45  m.  N.  Raleigh. XI.  p-v., 

cap.  La  Fayette  co.  Miss.,  160  m.  N.N.E. 

Jackson. XII.   a  city,  &  the  seat  of 

one  of  the  principal  universities  of  Eng- 
land, cap.  CO.  Oxford,  between  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Isis  &  Chervrell,  here  crossed 
by  numerous  bridges,  55  m.  W.N.W. 
London.  Lat.  51°  45'  55"  N„  Ion.  1°  15' 
29"  W.  P.  32,556.  It  stands  in  an  un- 
dulating amphitheatre,  surrounded  by 
wooded  meadows,  &  encompassed  on  the 
W.,  S.,  A  E.,  by  hills,  but  opens  towards 
the  N.  into  a  champaign  countr_y,  &  pre- 
sents a  magnificent  appearance,  with  its 
numerous  spires  &  domes  ;  that  of  the 
Radcliffe  library  being  the  most  conspic- 
uous. The  High  street,  proceeding  from 
B.  to  W.,  &  entered  by  a  handsome  stone 
bridge  over  the  Cherwell,  is  one  of  the 
noblest  thoroughfares  in  Europe.  The 
cathedra!  of  O.rford,  attached  to  Christ- 
church  college,  &  on  the  site  of  a  priory 
founded  in  the  8th  cent.,  is  an  edifice  of 
different  styles,  between  the  12th  &  16th 
centuries,  with  a  spire  146  ft.  in  height. 
— The  University  of  Oxford  consists 
of  19  colleges,  &  5  halls,  as  follow  : 
University  college,  reputed  to  have  been 
founded  in  872,  revived  in  \2A^  ■,Baliol, 


-.«f^*f?^ 


sjM- 


PAC] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


677 


founded  between  1263  &,  1268,  &  of  which 
Wickliffe  was  once  master  ;  Merton, 
founded  at  Maiden  in  Surrey,  in  1264, 
&  removed  to  Oxford  in  1274;  Exeter, 
founded  1314 ;  Oriel,  a  handsome  &  richly 
ornamented  edifice,-  dating  from  1326  ; 
Queen's,  founded  ia  1340,  &  the  buildings 
of  which  are  among  the  finest  in  the  city  ; 
New  college,  1386,  with  the  most  gorgeous 
&  elegant  chapel  in  the  university; 
Z/i/jcoZ;i,  founded  1427;  AllSouh',  1437, 
with  a  noble  hall,  &  a  library  of  40,000 
vols. ;  Magdalen,  1456.  at  the  entrance 
of  the  city  from  London,  with  much  fine 
Gothic  architecture,  &  a  hall  that  has 
been  the  banqueting  room  of  many 
English  sovereigns ;  Brazen  Nose,  found- 
ed 1509;  Corpus  Christ!,  1516;  Christ- 
church,  originally ,  founded  by  Cardinal 
Wolsey  in  1525,  &  with  by  far  tlie  most 
extensive  buildings  &  grounds  belonging 
to  any  of  the  colleges,  a  W.  front,  382  ft. 
in  length,  a  tower,  containing  the  "  Great 
Tom,"  a  bell,  weighing  17,000  lbs.,  mag- 
nificent hull,  picture  gallery,  library,  &c. ; 
Trinity,  founded  1.554  ;  St.  John's,  1557, 
with  handsome  buildings  in  the  N.  part 
of  the  city;  Jesus,  founded  1571  ;  Wad- 
ham,  1613  ;  Pembroke,  1620  ;  Worcester 
college,  1714;  &  St.  Mary's,  New  Inn, 
St.  Alban,  Magdalen,  &  St.  Edmund's 
halls,  which  two  last  are  unendowed  aca- 
demical houses.  The  Bodleian  library, 
connected  with  the  university,  comprises 
220,000  vols.,  &  20,000  MSS.,  &  is  entitled 
to  a  copy  of  all  new  works  published  in 
the  United  Kingdom.  There  are  besides 
about  23  other  libraries.  Total  revs,  of 
the  university  estimated  at  457,490Z. 
University  college  claims  to  have  been 
founded  by  Alfred. 

Oxfordshire,  a  central  co.,  England. 
Shape  extremely  irregular.  Area,  756 
eq.  m.  P.  170,276.  Surface  mostly  level, 
or  undulating,  except  in  the  S.,  where  it 
is  traversed  by  the  Chiltern  hills. 

Oxus,  one  of  the  great  rivers  of  Cent. 
Asia,  independent  Turkestan,  rises  in  a 
lake  in  the  table-land  of  Pamir,  15,600 
feet  above  the  sea,  <fe  enters  the  sea  of 
Aral  on  its  S.  side  by  numerous  mouths. 
Total  course  estimated  at  1,300  m. 

Oyapok,  a  river  of  S.  America,  sepa- 
rating French  Guiana  from  Brazil,  joins 
the  Atlantic  by  an  estuary  18  m.  across, 
70  m.  S.E.  Cayenne.     L.  ISO  m. 

OvARZuN,  a  town  of  Spain,  7  m.  S.T5. 
St.  Sebastian.     P.  3,238. 

Oye,  a  comm.  &  viil.  of  Prance,  dep. 
Pas-de-Calais,   18  m.lSr.N.W.  St.  Omer. 

P.  1,640. II.  a  comm.,  dep.  Saone-ot- 

Loire.     P.  1,140. 

25 


Oyonnax;  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ain,  8  m.  N.E.  Nantua.  P. 
2,368. 

Oyster  Bat,  t..  Queen's  oo.  N.  Y., 
on  Long  Island.  P.  6,900.  It  is  a  plea- 
sant summer  resort,  &  has  constant  steam 
communication  with  New  York. —  Oyster 
bay,  Tasmania,  is  on  the  TV.  coast  of  Van 
Diemen's  land,  lat.  42°  40'  S  ,  Ion.  148° 
2'  E.,  &  gives  name  to  a  district  of  that 
colony. ^-Oyster  harbor,  S.W.Australia, 
is  an  inlet  of  King  George's  sound,  3  m. 
N.E.  Albany. — (IslaJid),   British   India. 

II.  an  island  of  Ireland,  Connaught, 

CO.-  &  4  m.  W.N.W.  Sligo,  in  Sligo  bay. 

OzAN,  town,  Hempstead  co.  Ark.  P. 
1,403. 

Ozark,  S.  co.  Mo.  P.  2,294.— O^rarA;- 
C.H.,  the  cap.,  is  a  vill.,  140  m.  S.  Jeffer- 
son city. II.   p-v.,  cap.  Franklin  co. 

Ark.,  121  m.  N.W.  Little  Rock. 

OzARK-REGiON,  is  a  part  of  the  great 
table  land  of  N.  America,  in  the  N.W. 
part  of  the  Texan  territory. 

OziHRi,  a  town  of  the  island  Sardinia, 
29  m.  E  S.E.  Snssari.     P.  of  comm.  7,890. 

OzoRA.  a  vill.  of  Hungary,  co.  Tolna, 
on  the  Sio,  an  aflfl.  of  the  Danube.  P. 
3.406. 

OzoRKOV,  a  town  of  Poland,  76  m. 
W.S.W.  Warsaw,  on  the  Bzura.   P.  5,060. 


P. 

Pa,  two  towns  of  China. 1,  prov. 

Se-chuen,  cap.  dist. II.  {Pa  Choo), 

prov.  Chi-li,  cap.  dist.,  50  m.  S.  Peking, 
— Fa,  is  a  town,  E.  Tibet,  on  the  Upper 
Yang-ste-kiang. 

Pabba,  three  islets  of  the  Hebrides, 
Scotland,  co.  Inverness. 

Pacajaz,  a  river  of  Brazil,  prov.  Para, 
joins  the  estuary  S.  of  the  isl.  Marajo. 
L.  150  m. 

Pacajes,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  100  m. 
S.S.E.  La  Paz,  on  an  affl.  of  the  Desa- 
guadero. — The  Sierra  de  Facajes  con- 
necting the  Cordilleras  of  the  Andes, 
rises  to  15,100  feet. 

Pacaraima  (Sierra),  a  low  mountain 
chain  of  S.  America,  extending  for  about 
200  m.  from  W.  to  E.,  in  lat.  4°  N.,  & 
between  Ion.  60°  &.  63°  ^Y.— Mount  Fa- 
caraima  is  also  an  isolated  mountain  of 
Brazil,  beside  the  Parima  river. 

Pacaudiere  (La),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Loire,  cap.  cant.,  13  m.  N.W. 
P.oanne.     P.  1,970. 

Pace,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Ille-et-Vilaine.     P.  2,604. 


678 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GKOGRAPHY. 


[PAO 


Paceco,  a  town  of  Sicily,  intend.  &  4 
m.  SE.  Trapani,  cap.  canton.     P.  2,000. 

Pacentro,  a  market  town  of  Naples, 
4  m.  E.  Sulmona.     P.  2,540. 

Pachacama,  a  vill.  of  Peru,  18  m.  S.E. 
Lima. 

Pacheco,  a  modern  town  of  Spain,  18 
m.  S.E.  Murcia.     P.  4,933. 

Pachete,  a  town  of  British  India,  9 
m.  N.E.  Rogonatpoor. 

Pachino,  a  vill.  of  Sicily,  12  m.  S. 
Nota,  4  ra.  N.AV.  C.  Passaro.     P.  2,000. 

Pachuca,  a  town  of  the  Mexican 
confederation,  dep.  &  50  miles  N.N.E. 
Mexico,  on  the  route  to  Tampico.  The 
Fachucaca,  a  river  of  Peru,  rises  in  Lake 
Pachucaca,  Andes,  &  joins  the  Apurimac. 
L.  130  m. 

Pacific  Ocean,  a  vast  watery  expanse 
extending  from  the  Arctic  to  the  Antarc- 
tic circle,  through  127°  of  lat.,  &  between 
America  on  the  E.,  &  Asia,  the  Malay 
archipelago,  &  Australia  on  the  W.  In 
its  widest  pnrt,  at  the  equator,  it  is  10,000 
m.  across ;  it  narrows  especially  towards 
the  N.,  where  it  communicates  with  the 
Arctic  ocean  by  Behring  strait ;  &  in- 
cluding the  Indian  ocean,  it  contains  up- 
wards of  70  millions  of  sq.  m.,  or  more 
than  all  the  dry  land  on  the  globe.  The 
grertt  equatorial  current  of  this  ocean, 
originates  in  the  Antarctic  drift  current, 
which  flows  N.  along  the  shores  of  South 
America,  &  then  W.  through  the  Pacific, 
where  it  occupies  the  entire  space  between 
the  tropics.  Strong  land  currents  sweep 
round  the  shores  of  E.  Australia  &  Jiipan. 
The  N.E.  trade-wind  prevails  uninter- 
ruptedly between  lat.  5°  &  23°  N. ;  the 
S.E.  trade-wind  commonly  blows  fj'om 
the  equator  to  lat.  26°  S.,  between  them 
is  the  region  of  calms,  extending  over  5°, 
&  varj'ing  in  position  according  to  the 
season.  Greatest  equatorial  temperature 
of  Pacific,  88°.5  Fahrenheit. 

Pacolet,  r.,  N.  C.  &  S.  C,  enters  Broad 
river. 

Pacoha,  a  riv.  of  the  isthmus  Panama, 
New  Griinada,  unites  with  the  Indio  to 
form  a  considerable  river  which  enters 
the  Pacific  E.  of  Panama,  &  is  navigable 
for  large  ships  to  Sambaja. 

Pactolus,  a  river  of  Asia- Minor, 
Aniitolia,  joins  the  Hermus  50  m.  E. 
Smyrna. 

Pacy-suh-Euhe,  a  comm.  &  market 
town  of  France,  dep.  Eure,  10  m.  E.  Ev- 
reux.    P.  1,460 

Padang,  a  Dutch  settlement,  Sumatra, 
on  its  W.  coast. — Padang  Meic  is  a  town, 
Burmese  dom.,  on  the  Irrawadi,  W.  b.,  10 
m-  S.W.  Prome. 


Padehborn,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, 41  m.  S.  Minden,  on  the  railway 
from  Berlin  to  the  Rhine.     P.  8,720. 

Padfield,  a  township  of  England,  co, 
Derby.     P.  1,656. 

Padiham,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
Lancaster.    P.  3,789. 

Pad]Lla,  a  vill.,  Mexican  confed,  dep. 
Tamaulipas,  12  m.  AV.N.W.  New  Santan- 
der. 

Padria,  a  vill.  of  Sardinia,  20  m.  S.E. 
Alghero.     P.  1,850. 

Padeon,  a  town,  Spain,  prov.  Coruiia, 
19  m.  S.S.W.  Santiago.    P.  6,090. 

Padstow,  a  seaport  of  England,  co. 
Cornwall,  on  the  Camel,  at  its  mouth  in 
St.  George's  channel,  29  m.  N.N.E.  Fal- 
ttionth.     P.  2,145. 

Padua,  a  fortified  city  of  Austrian 
Italy,  in  the  Lomb. -Venetian  kingd.,  cap. 
deleg.,  gov.  &  22  m.  W.  Venice.  P.  60,- 
000.  It  is  of  a  triangular  form,  is  sur- 
rounded by  walls  &  fosses,  &  has  seven 
gates.  Chief  objects  of  interest,  the  vast 
&  curious  place  called  Pratodella-  Vallt. 
where  the  fair  is  held,  &  which  contains 
an  island,  encircled  by  a  canal,  the  banks 
of  which  are  decorated  by  numerous  sta- 
tues ;  a  cathedral,  with  a  monument  to 
Petrareh,  &  a  library  of  100,000  vols. 
The  celebrated  university  of  Padua, 
founded  in  13th  centurj',  had,  in  former 
times,  students  from  every  part  of  Eu- 
rope, &  their  number  frequently  amount- 
ed to  18,000,  among  these  were  Tasso  & 
Columbus. 

Paducah,  a  vill.  of  Kentucky,  on  tho 
Ohio,  near  the  entrance  of  the  Tennessee. 
P.  1,000. 

Padul,  a  town  of  Spain,  10  m.  S.S.W. 
Grnnada.     P.  2,700. 

Padula,  a  town  of  Naples,,  54  m.  S.E. 

Salerno.  P.  8.000. II.  a  market  toAn, 

11  in.  W.  Teramo. 

Paduli.  a  town  of  Naples,  11m.  W. 

Ariano.     P.  2,900. II.  dist.  llossano. 

P.  1,800. 

PffijjjENE  (Lake),  Finland,  between 
lat.  61°  &  62°  27'  N.,  &  Ion.  25°  &  25° 
50'  E. ;  90  m.  in  length,  &  20  m.  in  gr. 
breadth. 

Paesana,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
Sardinia,  13  m.  W.N.W.  Saluzzo.  P. 
6,118. 

Paganico,  several  small  towns  of  Italy. 

1.  Naples. ir.  cap.  cant.,  5  miles 

E.  Aquila.    P.   2,100. III.  U  miles 

N.N.W.  Aquila. IV.  Tuscany,  28  m. 

S.  Siena,,  on  the  Ombrone.  P.  1,600. — 
Pagano  is  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy,  dom. 
Venice,  19  miles  W-N.W.  Treviso.  P. 
1  200.  • 


pal] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


579 


Page,  co.  E.  Va.    Area,  160  sq.  miles. 

Cap.  Luray.     P.  7,600. II.  co.,  Iowa. 

P.  551. 

Pagham  Mew,  a  ruined  town;  of  Fur- 
ther India,  Burmese  dom. 

Pagua,  a  river  of  Central  Italy,  joins 
the  Tiber.     L.  30  m. 

Pagheta,  a  town  of  Naples,  20  miles 
S.E.  Chieti.     P.  3,400. 

Pagny-sur- Moselle,  a  comm.  &  vill. 
of  France,  dep.  Meurthe.     P.  1,019. 

Pago,  an  island  of  Dalmatia,  in  the 
Adriatic.  Shape  very  irregular.  L. 
37  ra.;  br.  6  m.     Area,  106  sq.  m.     P. 

5,000. IL  the  chief  town  of  this  isl., 

on    L.  Zascha,    near   the    E.   coast.     P. 

3,798. ill.  a  town  of  Naples,  12  m. 

N.W.  Ariano.     P.  2,200. 

Pahang,  a  state  of  the  Malay  penin- 
sula, extending  along  its  E.  coast,  mostly 
between  Int.  2°  &  4°  N.,  &  Ion.  103  & 
104°  E.  Estim.  pop.  40,000.  Products 
comprise  gold  to  about  300  lbs.,  &  tin 
1,000  piculs  ann. — Pahang,  the  cap.,  is 
on  both  sides  of  a  broad  &  shallow  river, 
which  divides  the  Malay  &  Chinese 
quarters,  about  5  m.  from  its  mouth. 

Paharpoor,  a  consid.  town  of  Affghan- 
istan,  near  the  Indus,  22  m.  N.  Dera. 

Paimbceuf,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Loire  Inf,21  m.W.  Nantes.  P.  3,473. 

Paimogo,  a  market  town  of  Spain,  42 
m.  N.N.W.  Huelva.     P.  2,310. 

Paimpol,  a  comm.  &  marit.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Cutes-du--\ord,' 22  m.  N.W. 
St.  Brieue.     P.  1,724. 

Paimpont,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ille-et  Vilaine,  12  m.  S.W. 
Montfort.     P.  3,479. 

Painsville,  a  vill.,  Ohio,  cap.  co.Erie, 
on  L.  Erie,  28  m.  N.E.  Cleveland.  P. 
2,580.  It  is  connected  with  Fairport  by 
railway. 

Painswick,  a  market  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  &  6  m.  S.S-E  Gloucester.     P.  3,730. 

Paint,  cr.,  br.  of  Scioto  r.     L.  60  m. 

II.  t..  Holmes  CO.  0.      P.  1,361. 

III.  t.,  Highland  co.  0.     P.  2,560. IV. 

t.,   Fayette   co.    0.      P.    1,200. V.  t., 

Ross  CO.  0.      P.  1,380. VI.  t.,  AVayne 

CO.  0.     P.  1,610. 

Painted  Post,  p-t.,  Steuben  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  4,372. 

Paisley,  a  manuf.  town  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Renfrew,  7  m.  W.S.W.  Glasgow. 
Paisley  has  been  long  famous  for  the 
delicacy  &  beauty  of  its  manufactures. 

Paka,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  57  m.  N.E. 
Prague.     P.  2,300. 

Pak-nam,  a  town  of  Siam,  on  the  Me- 
nam,  about  4  m.  from  its  mouth,  in  the 
gulf  of  Siam. 


Pak-Pattan,  a  town  of  the  Punjab. 

Pakracz,  a  market  town  of  Sluvonia 
23  m.  W.N.W.  Poscjiega.     P.  1,120.        ' 

Pakrojanty,  a  nikt.  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  119  m.N.W.  Vilna.      P.  1,650. 

Paks,  a  market  town  of  Hungary,  62 
m.  S.  Buda.     P.  8,700. 

Pal  de  CnALANf  on  (St.),  a  comm.  & 
town  of  France,  dfp.  H.  Loire,  16  m. 
N.N.W.  Yssengeaux.  P.  2,467.— S.  Tal 
de  Mons  is  a  comm.  &  vill.,  same  dep., 
10  m.  N.E.  Yssengeaux.     P.  1,881. 

Palachy,  a  town  of  British  India,  23 
m.  S.E.  Coimbatoor. 

Palacios  (Los),  a  town  of  Spain,  12 
m.  S.  Sevilla.     P.  1,835. 

Palafuhgel,  a  town  of  Spain.  20  m. 
ESE.  Gerona.     P.  3,731. 

Palagonia,  a  market  town  of  Sicily, 
20  m.  S.W.  Catania.     P.  4,000. 

Palais  (Le),  a  comm.  &  seaport  town 
of  France,  dep.  Morbihan,  cap.  cTnt.,  on 
the  N.  side  of  the  isl.  Belleisle.  P..  1,790. 
II.  a  comm.  &  town,  dep.  B.  Pyre- 
nees, 25  ra.  S.E.  Biiyonne.     P.  1,619. 

Palaiseau,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  11  miles 
S.SAV.  Paris.     P.  1,716. 

Palamcotta,  two  towns  of  British  In- 
dia.  1,  dist.  Tionevelly,  45  m.  N.N.E. 

Cape  Comorin. II.  dist.  S.  Arcot,  47 

m.  S.S.W.  Pondicherry. 

Palamos,  a  fortiiied  m.arit.  town  of 
Spain,  17  m.  S.E.  Gerona.     P.  2,000 

Palamow,  a  town  of  British  India,  83 
m.  W.N.W.  Ramghur. 

Palancia,  a  river  of  Spain,  Valencia,, 
enters  the  Mediterranean.     L.  45  m. 

Palanka,  3  contiguous  vills.  of  S. 
Hungary.     United  p.  6,697. 

Palantong,  a  town  of  Further  India, 
50  m.  S.E.  Munnipoor. 

Palapetty,  a  town  of  British  India, 
52  m.  W.S.W.  Trichinopoly. 

Palatinate,  an  old  division  of  Ger- 
many, consisting  of 1.  Lower  Palati- 
nate. Chief  towns,  Manrheim,  Heidel- 
berg,  Simraern,   &    Deux    Ponts. II. 

Upper  Palatinate,  in  the  N.  of  Bavaria. 

Palatine,  t.,  Montgomery  co.  N.Y., 
48  m.  W.N.W.  Albany.     P.  2,854. 

Palaur,  a  river  of  S.  Hindostfin,  en- 
ters the  Indian  oce;in,  42  ra.  S.W.  Ma- 
dras, after  a  course  of  190  ra. 

Palawan,  an  isl.  of  Asiatic  archipela- 
go, between  Borneo  &  the  Philippine 
isls.,  separating  the  China  &  Sooloo  seas, 
&  having  S.  the  Balabac  passage.  L. 
260  m.,  av.  br.  30  m. 

Palazzo,  a  town  of  Naples,  17  m. 
E.S.E.  Melfi.     P.  3,700. 

Palazzo  Adhiano,  a  town  of  Sicily, 


680 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    aEOGRAPHY. 


[pal 


intend.  Palermo,  dist.  &  12  m.  S.S.E. 
Corleone.     P.  5,000. 

Palazzuolo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  13  m. 
N.W.  Noto.    P.  8,600. 

Palazzuolo,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy, 

5  m.  N.W.  Chiari.     P.  3,000. 
Palembang,  a  town  of  Sumatra.     P. 

25,000. 

Palena,  a  mkt.  town  of  Naples,  21 
m.  S.S.W.  Liinciano.     P.  2,000. 

Palencia,  a  city  of  Spain.  &  114  m. 
N.W.  Madrid,  on  the  Carrion.  P. 
10,490. 

Palenque,  a  village  of  the  Mexican 
confed.,  state  Chiapas,  100  m.  E.N.B. 
Ciudad  Pieal  ;  about  7  m.  S.W.  of  which 
are  some  of  the  most  extensive  &  mag- 
nificent ruins  in  Central  America. 

Palenzuela,  a  town  of  Spain,  26  m. 
S.W.  Burgos.     P.  1,562. 

Palermo,  a  fortified  city,  cap.  of 
Sicily,  with  a  port  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
isl.,  in  a  rich  valley.  P.  180,000.  It  is 
regarded  as  the  second  cap.  of  the  king- 
dom of  the  Two  Sicilies,  is  built  in  the 
form  of  an  amphitheatre,  facing  the  sea, 

6  enclosed  by  old  wall. II.  t.,  Waldo 

•CO.  Me.     P.  1,534. III.  p-t.,  Oswego 

co.N.  Y.     P.  2,053. 

Palestine,  or  the  Holy  Land,  a 
country  of  S.W.  Asia,  extending  between 
lat.  30°  40'  &  33°  32'  N.,  &  Ion.  33°  35' 
&  35?'  48'  E.,  having  N.  the  pash.  Trip- 
oli, W.  the  Mediterranean.  &  S.  &  S.E. 
the  Arabian  desert.  L.  193  m.,^  av.  br. 
75  m.  Area,  11,000  sq.  m.  It  is  trav- 
ersed from  N.  to  S.  by  the  chain  of  Leba- 
non &  Anti-Libanus.  Mount  Hermon, 
the  highest  summit,  has  an  elevation  of 
10,000  ft.,  Jebel  Mousa  or  Sinai,  is  7,033 
ft.,  the  Mount  of  Olives  near  tho  site  of 
Jerusalem,  has  an  elev.  of  2,536  feet, 
while  the  lake  of  Tiberias  has  a  depres- 
sion of  328  ft.  below  the  level  of  the  sea, 
&  the  valley  of  the  Dead  sea  the  remark- 
able depression  of  1,312  feet.  The  coun- 
try generally  is  of  trap  formation  with 
volcanic  rocks  in  several  localities,  as  in 

the  valley  of  the  Dead  sea. 11.  p-v., 

cap.  Crawford   co.  III.     P.  500. III. 

p-v.,  Coope?  CO.  Mo.     P.  1,334. 

Paeestrina.  an  episcopal  city  of  Cen- 
tral Italv,  Pontif.  states,  22  m.  E.S.E. 
Rome.     P.  4,629. 

Palhanpoor,  a  tovm  of  Ilindostan, 
Baroda  dom.,  84  m.  N.N.W.  Ahmedp-bad. 
P.  30,000  (7) 

Paliano,  a  fortified  t.  of  Central  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta.,  7  miles  N.W.  Anagni.  P. 
3,688. 

Pahghaut,  a  town  of  British  India, 
on  the  Ponany,  68  m.  S.E.  Calicut. 


Palincho  (Cape),  a  headland  of  Na- 
ples, 15  m.  W.  Policastro. 

Palisades,  on  a  lofty  range  of  pre- 
cipitous rocks  extending  along  the  west 
bank  of  the  Hudson  riv.,  the  distance  of 
20  m.  In  some  pbices  they  are  near  500 
ft.  high  &  almost  perpendicular. 

Pallanza,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  5  m. 
E.  Gravellona.     P.  2,044. 

Pallee,  a  large  commercial  town  of 
Hindostan,  dom.  &  40  miles  S.S.E.  Joud- 
poor. 

Pallia,  a  town  of  British  India,  84 
m.  S  E.  Hyderabad. 

Pallicoonda,  a  town  of  Brit.  India, 
28  ra.  W.  Arcot. 

Palliser  Islands,  a  group  in  the 
Pacific  ocean.  Low.  archip.,  lat.  15°  S., 
Ion,  145°  W. —  Cape  Palliser  is  the  S. 
extremity  of  New  Zeailand,  North  isl. 

Palma,  One  of  the  Canary  islands, 
Atlantic.  Estim.  area,  333  sq.  m.  P. 
33,089. 

Palma,  a  town  of  Sicily,  near  its  S.W. 
coast,    13    m.   S.E.  Girgenti.     P.   8,000. 

II.  a  town,   Naples,  prov.  T.  di  Li- 

voro,  4  m.  S.  Nola.     P.  6.000. III.  a 

vill.  of  Portugal,  7  m.  N.W.  Alcacer  do 
Sal. 

Palma,  a  fortified  town  of  the  Balea- 
ric isls.,  cap.  of  the  isl.  Majorca.,  &  of 
the  prov.  Baleares,  with  a  fine  harbor  in 
the  bay  of  Palmas.     P.  40,514. 

Palma,  two  toivn?  of  Spain. 1.  26 

m.   N.E.  Huelva.     P.  3,630. IL  (P. 

del   Rio),  prov.  &   30   m.  S.W.  Cordova. 

P.  5,528. IIL  {P.-Nuova),  Austrian 

Italy,    a  fortified  town,  12  miles  S.S.E. 
Udine,  on  the  Roja.     P.  2,800. 

Palmaria,  an  islet  of  N.  Italy,  in  the 
Mediterranean. 

Palmas  (Las),  the  cap.  town  of  the 
Great  Canary  \A.,  on  its  E.  coast.      P. 

17,382. II.  {Cape),  a  low  promontory 

of  N.  Guinea  in  the  Atlantic. III.  a 

small  isl.  of  S.  Amen,  15  m.  N.W.  Bue- 
naventura in  the  bay  of  Choco,  Pacific. 

IV.   {Gulf  of),   Sardinia,  is   on  its 

S.W.  coast. — {Point),  Yucatan. — Palmas 
is  a  riv.  of  Zanguebar,  E.  Africa. 

Palme  (Lagoon  of),  France,  dep. 
Aude,  14  m.  S.  Narbonne,  is  separated 
from  the  Mediterranean  by  only  a  narr. 
island. 

Palmella,  a  town  of  Portugal,  18  m. 
S.E.  Lisbon.     P.  3,700. 

Palmer,  a  tnshp.,  Mass.,  63  m.  W.S.W. 
Boston.     P.  2,139. 

Palmerston  Island,  Pacific  0.,  is  in 
lat.  18°  4'  S.,  Ion.  163°  10'  W.— Cape 
Palmerston  is  a  headland,  E.  Australia, 
lat.  21°  30' S.,  Ion.  149°  30'  E. 


pan] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


681 


Palmerstown,  mts.  in  N.E.  N.  York, 
1,200  ft.  high. 

Palmi,  a  royal  city  of  Naples,  21  m. 
N.N.E.  Reggio.     P.  6,"200. 

Palmoli,  a  market  town  of  Naples, 
13  m.  S.S.W.  II  Vasto.    P.  2,500. 

Palmyra,  a  ruined  city  in  an  oasis  of 
the  Syrian  desert,  120  m.  N.E.  Da- 
mascus. 

Palmyra,  t..  Somerset  co.  Me.  P.  1,500. 

11.  p-t.,  Wayne  co.  N.  Y.     P.  3,893. 

III.  p-v.,  cap.  Fluvanna  co.  Va.,  62 

m.  N.W.  Richmond. IV.  pt.,  Portage 

CO.  0.     P.  1,359. V.  p-t.,  Lenawee  co. 

Mich.,  75   m.    S.W.  Detroit.      P.  1,000. 

VI.  p-v.,  cap.  Marion  co.  Mo.,  111m. 

W.  Jefferson  city. 

Palmyras  Point,  a  headland  of  Brit. 
India,  in  the  bay  of  Bengal. 

Palo,  a  city  of  Naples,  11  miles  S.W. 

Bari.     P.  5,500. II.  a  town,  9  m.  E. 

Campagna.     P.  2,600. 

Palomar  (San  Andres  de),  a  town 
of  Spain,  prov.  &  5  m.  N.N.E.  Barcelona. 
P.  4,350. 

Palombara,  a  market  town  of  Cen- 
tral Italy,  Pontif.  sta.,  8  m.  N.  Tivoli. 

P.  2,694. II.  Naples,  11  m.  S.W.  Lan- 

ciano.     P.  1,500. 

Paloonshah,  a  town  of  India,  150  m. 
E.N.E.  Hyderabad. 

Palos,  a  town  on  the  W.  coast  of  the 

island  Celebes. II.  {Port of  ),  Spain. 

— Cape  Palos  is  the  extremity  of  Mur- 
cia,  in  the  Mediterranean,  18  m.  E.  Car- 
tagena. 

Palota,  a  market  town  of  Hungary, 
13  m.  N.E.  Veszprim.     P.  4,994. 

Palpa,  a  town  of  N.  Hindostan,  Ne- 

paul,  58  m.  AV.  Gorkha. II.  a  marit. 

vill.  of  Peru,  dep.  Lima,  60  m.  S.E.  lea. 

Palte  (Lake),  a  remarkable  lake  of 
E.  Tibet,  30  m.  S.W.  Lassa. 

Palu,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
pasb.  &  55  m.  N.  Diarbekir.  P.  1,000 
families. 

Paluau,  two  comms.  &  vills.  of  France. 

1,  dep.  Indre,  20  m.  W.N.W.   Cha- 

teauroux.    P.  1,980. II.  dep.  Vendee, 

12  m.  N.W.  Napoleon-Vendee.     P.  555. 

Palud  (La),  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Vaucluse,  13  m.  N.N.W. 
Orangtf.     P.  2,356. 

Paluzza,  a.  market  town  of  Austrian 
Italy,  33  m.  N.W.  Udine.     P.  1,800. 

Palyad,  an  inland  town  of  W.  Hindos- 
tan. 

Pamakassan  &,  Pamanukan,  2  towns 

of  the  Dutch  E.  Indies. 1.   onlbeS. 

coast  of  the  island  Madura. — - — II.  on 
the  N.  coast  of  Java,  70  m.  E.  Batavia. 

Pambu,    a  small  town  of  Brazil,   on 


the  river  San  Francisco,  50  miles  E.S.E. 
Santa  Maria. 

Pamelia,  a  township,  of  Jefferson  co. 
New  York,  4  miles  N.  Watertown.  P. 
2,528. 

Pamiers,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
10  m.  N.  Foix,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Ariege.  P. 
5,920. 

Pamir,  an  extensive  table-land  of 
Central  Asia,  its  highest  point  called  by 
the  natives  the  "  roof  of  the  world." 

Pamlico,  a  river  of  N.  Carolina,  form- 
ing the  expansion  of  the  Tar  from  below 
Washington  to  Pamlico  sound,  about  40 
m.  in  length  by  from  1  to  8  m.  in  breadth. 
— Pamlico  sound  is  a  shallow  estuary, 
separated  from  the  Atlantic  by  long 
sandy  islands,  &  about  80  m.  in  length 
by  from  80  to  30  m.  in  width. 

Pamparato,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  Pied- 
mont, 10  m.  S.  Mondovi,  on  the  Casotto. 
P.  2,505. 

Pampas  are  the  vast  plains  of  S.  Amer. 
extending  from  Patagonia,  over  27°  of 
lat.,  &  1,620,000  sq.  m.,  comprising  all 
the  central  parts  of  the  Pluta  confeder- 
ation.  -II.  {del  Sacramento)  consist  of 

the  E.  &  little  explored  territory  of  Peru. 
— The  Pumpa  Grande,  S.  Peru,  is  a  level 
sandy  deseit  between  Arequipa  &  the 
ocean. 

Pampatar,  a  marit.  vill.  of  S.  Amer., 
Venezuela,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  island 
Margarita. 

Pampelonne,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Tarn,  on  the  Viaur,  14  m. 
N.N.E.  Alby.     P.  2,025. 

Pampeluna,  a  townof  Spain. 

Pamplona,  a  fortified  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Navarra,  on  the  Agra,  195  milea 
N.N.E.  Madrid.     P.  11,000. 

Pamplona,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  New 
Granada,  on  an  affl.  of  the  Zulia  riv.,  200 
m.  N.E.  Bogota.     P.  3,200. 

Pamproux,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Deux-Sevres,  14  m.  NN.E,  Melle. 
P.  1,350. 

Pampur,  a  town  of  Cashmere,  on  the 
Jhylum. 

Pamunky,  r.,  Va.,  is  formed  by  the 
union  of  North  &  South  Anna  rivs. 

Panagur,  on  ancient  town  of  British 
India,  11  m.  N.  Gurrah. 

Panama,  a  seaport  city  of  S.  Amer., 
New  Granada,  cap.  dep.  Istmo,  on  the 
gulf  &  S.  coast  of  the  isthmus  of  Panama. 
Lat.  8°  56'  N.,  Ion.  79°  31'  2"  W.  It 
stands  on  a  peninsular  tongue  of  land 
across  WiiicU  its  streets  extend  from  sea 
to  sea.     P.  6,000. 

Panama  (Oulf  of),  an  inlet  of  the 
Pacific  oueau,   No»v    Granada,  on  the  S. 


#82 


CVOLOP^DIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[pap 


Bide  of  the  isthmus  of  Panama,  between 
lat.  7°  &  9^  N.,  &  Ion.  78°  &  80°  25'  W. 
L.  &  br.  at  eutran*'e  about  120  m.  each. 

Panama,  or  Darien  (Isthmus  of), 
connects  N.  (or  rather  Central),  &  S. 
Americ.i,  &  is  comprised  in  the  republic 
New  Granada,  dep.  Isthmus,  forming 
a  prov.  between  lat.  9°  &  10°  N.,  &  Ion. 
77°  30'  &  81°  W.,  having  N.  the  Carib- 
bean sea  &  gulf  of  Darien,  &  S.  the  gulf 
of  Panama.  L.,  W.  to  E.  about  200  m  , 
&v.  b.  40  m.,  but  in  Ion.  79°  it  is  nar- 
rowed to  less  than  30  m. 

Panaon,  one  of  the  Philippine  islands 
of  the  E.  archipelago.     L.  18  m. 

Panaraga,  a  town  in  the  S.  part  of 
the  island  Java. 

Panaria,  one  of  the  Lipari  islands, 
Mediterranean,  5  miles  N.E.  Lipari.  P. 
200. 

Panaro,  a  river  of  N.  Italy,  enters 
the  Po  on  the  right,  12  m.  N.AV.  Ferrara. 
L.  75  m. 

Panaroocan,  a  town  of  Java,  85  m. 
E.S.E.  Surabaya. 

Panav,  an  island  of  the  Asiatic  archi- 
pelago, Philippines.  Estim.  area,  4,560 
sq.  m. 

Pancalieri,  a  vill.  of  the  Sard,  sta.. 
Piedmont,  18  m.  S.  Turin,  prov.  Pinerolo. 
P.  2,838. 

Pancorvo,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  & 
31  m.  N.E.  Burgos.     P.  1,217. 

Pancsova,  a  fortified  market  town  of 
S.  Hungary,  Banat.     P.  11,710. 

Paneas,  a  vill.  of  Palestine,  pash.  & 
45  m.  W.S.W.  Damascus. 

Pangansane,  an  isl.  of  the  Malay 
archipelago,  off  the  S  E.  extr6mity  of 
Celebes.     L.  60  m.,  br.  16  m. 

Pangoutaran,  an  isl.  of  the  Malay 
archipelago,  Sooloo  group.  L.  10  m.; 
br.  4  m. 

Paniany,  a  town  of  British  India. 

Paniput,  a  town  of  British  India,  55 
m.  N.N.W.  Delhi. 

PANissiiiRE,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Loire,  18  m.  N.E.  Mont- 
brison.     P.  1,160. 

Panjang,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast 
of  the  Malay  peninsula,  20  m.  in  length, 
N.  to  S.,  by  4  m.  in  av.br. 

Panjim,  or  New  Goa,  a  town  of  Por- 
tuguese Hindostan,  5  m.  W.  Goa. 

Pannah,  or  PuNNAH,  a  town,  British 
India,  in  the  Bundeleund  table-land.  110 
m.  S.W.  Allahabad. 

Pannanich,  a  vill.  &  celeb,  mineral 
spa  of  Scotland,  co.  &  39  m.  W.  Aberdeen. 

Panola,  N.W.  co.  Miss.  Area,  670  sq. 
m.  P.  11,444. — Punola]  p-v.,  the  cap., 
is  161  m.  N.  Jackson,  on  the  Tallahatchee 


river.     P.  100. II.  co.,   Texas.     P. 

3,871. 

Panormos,  a  marit.  town  on  the  N.E. 
shore  of  linos,  Grecian  archipelago.  P. 
2,500. 

Pantaleo  (San),  an  islet  off  the  W. 

coast  of  Sicily,  5  m.  N.  Marsala. II, 

a  vill.  of  Sardinia,  11m.  N.N.E.  Cagliari. 
P.  1,344. 

Pantar,  an  island  of  the  Asiatic  archi- 
pelago.    L.  N.  to  S.  30  m. ;  br.  15  m. 

Pantellaria,  an  isl.  of  Naples,  in  the 
Mediterranean,  60  m.  from  the  S.\N .  coast 
of  Sicily,  &  100  m.  E.  Kalybia  (Tunis). 
Shape  oval,  circuit  about  30  m.   P.  5,000. 

Pantin,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Seine,  cap.  cant.,  2  m.  IS  .E. 
Paris.     P.  2,341. 

Panton,  p-t.,  Addison  co.  Vt.     P.  670. 

Panuco,  atownof  the  Mexican <;onfed., 
dep.  Vera  Cruz,  on  the  Montezuma,  50 
m.  frcm  its  mouth,  near  Tamaulipas. 

Panwell.  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  &  21  m.  E.  Bombay. 

Pao,  numerous  towns  of    China,  the 

principal  being 1.  (P.  Khing),  prov. 

Hou-uan,  cap.   dep. II.    (P.  Ning), 

prov.  Se-chuen,   cap.  dep. III.   (A 

Ting),  prov.  Chi-li,  cap.  dep.,  95  m.  S.W. 
Peking. 

Paola,  a  city  of  Naples,  13  m.  W.N.W. 
Cosenza.     P.  5,000. 

Paoli,  p-v.,  cap.  Orange  co.  la.   P.  500. 

Paolo  de  Loanda  (San),  a  town  of 
W.  Africa. 

Paou,  the  principal  isl.  of  the  Feejee 
archipelago,  Pacific  ocean.  It  is  stated 
to  be  130  m.  in  circ. 

Papa,  a  market  town  of  W.  Hungary, 
26  m.  N.W.  Veszprim.     P.  16,409. 

Papa-Stoub,  one  of  the  Shetland  isls., 
Scotland. 

Papa-Stronsay  &  Papa-Westray, 
two  islands  of  the  Orkney  group,  Scot- 
land. 

Papagayo,  a  gulf  &  volcano  of  Cent. 
America,  state  &  S.W.  the  lake  of  Nica- 
ragua.— The  Papagayos  are  an  island 
group  off  the  E.  coast  of  Brazil. 

Papantla,  a  vill.  of  the  Mexican  con- 
federation, dep.  Vera  Cruz,  125  m.  S.S.E. 
Tampico. 

Papandayang,  a  volcano  of  Java,  87 
m.  S.E.  Batavia. 

Papasquiero,  a  town  of  the  Mexican 
confederation,  50  m.  W.N.W.  Durango, 
on  the  Culiean.     P.  3,800. 

Papenburg,  a  town  of  Hanover,  21  m. 
S.S.E.  Eraden.     P.  3,620. 

Papendrecht,  a  vill.  of  the  Nether- 
lands, on  the  Waal,  1  m.  N.E.  Dort.  P. 
1,856. 


par] 


UNIVERSAL    OAZETTEKR, 


683 


Papiete,  a  vill.,  Society  islands,  on  tho 
N.W.  coast  of  Tahiti. 

Papoul  (St.),  a  eomm.  &  town,  France, 
dep.  Aude,  4  m.  E.  Castelnaudary.  P. 
1,295. 

Papovka,  a  market  town  of  Russia, 
47  ni.  N.W.  Kharkov.     P.  1,520. 

Papozza,  a  vill.  ol  Austrian  Italy,  5 
m.  S.S.W.  Adria,  on  the  Po.     P.  2,400. 

Pappenheim,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
on  Altmllhl,  37  m.  S.W.  Nurnberg.  P. 
2,160. 

Paps  of  Jura,  three  conical  heights, 
near  the  S.  extremity  of  the  island  Jura. 
— The  Paps  of  Matane  are  2  mountains. 
Lower  Canada,  dist.  Rimouski,  on  the 
S.  side  of  the  estuary  of  the  St. 
Lawrence. 

Papua,  an  extensive  island  of  the  E. 
archipelago,  &  comprised  in  the  great 
division  Australasia,  separated  S.-ward 
by  Torres  strait  from  the  N.  point  of 
Australia.  &  having  W.  the  Arafura  sea. 
Area,  from  200,000  to  275,000  sq.  m. 

Papudo  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific 
ocean,  Chile,  45  m.  N.E.  Valparaiso. 

Para,  the  name  originally  applied  to 
the  river  Amazon,  S.  America,  but  now 
employed  to  designate  its  S.  arm. 

Para,  a  vast  marit.  prov.  of  Brazil,  in 
the  N.,  nominally  comprising  nearly  all 
the  Brazilian  territory  watSred  by  the 
Amazon,  Rio  Negro,  &  their  tributaries, 
&  extending  N.  from  lat.  9°  S.,  &  W.  from 
Ion.  45°  W.  Estim.  area,  1,102,500  sq.  m. 
P.  239,000,  of  whom  10,000  are  supposed 
to  be  Indians. 

Para,  a  seaport  city  of  Brazil,  cap. 
prov.,  70  miles  from  the  Atlantic,  lat. 
of  Fort  St.  Pedro,  1°  28'  S.,  Ion.  48°  30' 
5"  W.  P.  10,000.— Tho  river  Para, 
bounding  the  isl.  Marajo  S-.ward,  extends 
between  Ion.  48°  10'  &  50°  40'  W. 

Parabiago,  a  market  town,  Lombardy, 
deleg.  &  13  m.  W.N.W.  Milan.    P.  3,000. 

II.  a  vill.  of  Naples,  prov.  Otranto, 

9  m.  E.  Gallipoli. 

Paracatu,  a  river  &  city  of  Brazil. 
The  river  joins  the  San  Francisco.  L. 
220  m. 

Paracels,  a  group  of  islets  &  reefs 
of  the  China  sea,  150  miles  E.  Cochin 
China. 

Paraclet,  a  hamlet  of  France,  dep. 
Aube,  arr.  &  2^  m.  E.S.E.  Nogent-sur- 
Seine. 

Paraclifta,  p-v.,  cap.  Sevier  co.  Ark. 

Paradas,  a  eomm.  &  town  of  Spain, 
25  m.  E.S.E.  Sevilla.     P.  4,396. 

Parade  (La),  a  eomm.  &  mkt.  town 
of  France,  dep.  Lot-et-Garonne,  19  m. 
S.E.  Marmande.     P.  1,121.  i 


Paradise,  a  tnshp.,  York  co.  Penn. 
P.  2,117. 

Paeadomin,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia, 
10  m.  S.  Vilna.     P.  1,500. 

Paradox  Lake  lies  in  Essex  co.  N.T. 

Paraguacu,  a  river  of  Brazil,  after'a 
tortuous  E.  course  of  260  m.,  enters  the 
bay  of  Todos-os-Santos. 

Paraguana,  a  peninsula  of  S.  Ameri- 
ca, Venezuela,  22  m.  N.W.  Coro,  extend- 
ing into  the  Caribbean  sea,  in  lat.  12°  N., 
Ion.  70°  W.  L.  &  br.  40  m.  each.— The 
Para^ua  river,  dep.  Orinoco,  tributary 
to  the  Caroni.     L.  220  m. 

Paraguay,  a  large  river  of  S.  Amer., 
&  one  of  the  principal  uniting  to  form 
the  Plata ;  rises  by  numerous  heads  in 
the  Brazilian  prov.  Matto-Grosso,  flows 
S  ,  &  unites  with  the  Parana,  the  name 
of  which  river  it  afterwards  assumes. 
Total  course  1,600  m. — Paraguay,  an 
inland  state  of  S.  Amer.,  mostly  between 
lat.  19°  &  27°  35'  S.,  &  Ion.  54°  10'  & 
58°  40'  W.,  &  nearly  enclosed  by  the 
Paraguay  &  Parana  rivers,  separating 
it  from  the  Plata  confed.  &  the  Brazilian 
prov.  San  Paulo.  Estimated  area,  74,000 
sq.  m.,  &  p.  300,000.  A  mntn.  chain  trav- 
erses its  centre  from  N.  to  S.  A  principal 
product  is  the  yerba.  mate,  or  Paraguay 
tea,  an  evergreen,  the  leaf  of  which  is  as 
much  used  for  infusion  in  the  neighbor- 
ing parts  of  S.  America,  as  Chinese  tea 
is  in  England,  &  of  which  8  million  lbs. 
were  formerly  exported  annually. 

Parahiba,  two  rivers  of  Brazil. 1. 

prov.  Parahiba,  to  which  it  gives  name, 
joins  the  Atlantic  by  an  estuary.     L. 

270  m. II.  {do  Sul,  or  the  Southern 

Parahiba),  enters  the  Atlantic  at  San 
Joao  de  Praya.  L.  500  m. — Parahiba,  a 
small  prov.  of  N.  Brazil,  having  E.  the 
Atlantic  0.  Area,  19,769  sq.  m.  P. 
55,124.  Principal  towns,  Parahiba,  Al- 
handra,  &  San  Miguel. — Parahiba,  a 
maritime  city,  cap.  prov.,  &  the  centre 
of  its  trade,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Parahiba, 
near  its  mouth  in  the   Atlantic,  65  m. 

N.N.W.  Pernambuco.     P.  15,000. II. 

{do  Sul)  a  town  of  the  prov.  &  40  m.  N. 
Rio  de  Janeiro.     P.  (of  dist.)  2,000. 

Parahitinga,  a  town,  Brazil,  140  m. 
N.E.  San  Paulo,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Parahiba. 
P.  4,000. 

Parama  d'Assuay,  a  pass  across  tho 
Andes,  Ecuador,  between  lat.  0°  &  2°  S. 
Elev.  15,528  ft. 

Paramaribo,  the  cap.  town  of  Dutch. 

Guiana,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Surinam, 

5  m.  from  its  mouth    in  the    Atlantic. 

Estim.  p.  20,000. 

Paramatta,  a  town  of  New  South 


584 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHr. 


[par 


Wales.  CO.  Cumberland,  13  m.  W.N.W. 
Sydney.  P.  4,454. — The  Paramatta  riv. 
enters  Port  Jackson  after  an  E.  course 
of  12  m. 

Pabamu,  a  river  of  S.  Amer.,  tribu- 
tary to  the  Orinoco. 

Pahamythia,  a  town  of  European 
Turkey,  Epirus,  cap.  dist.,  30  m.  S.W. 
Yanina.     P.  5,000. 

Parana,  a  hirge  river  of  S.  America, 
&  one  of  the  principal  which  contribute 
to  form  the  Plata,  rises  by  numerous 
heads  in  the  Brazilian  prov.  Minas  Ge- 
raes,  flows  in  S.W.  direction,  &,  joins  the 
Paraguay  river,  &  confers  its  own  name 
on  the  united  stream.  Thenceforward 
its,eourse  is  generally  S.-ward  to  within 
50  m.  N.  Buenos  Ayres,  where  it  unites 
with  the  Uruguay  river  to  form  the  es- 
tuary of  the  Plata.  Total  course  is  at 
least  2,000  m. 

Paranagua,  a  maritime  town  of  Bra- 
zil, prov.  San  Paulo,  on  a  bay  of  same 
name  in  the  Atlantic,  170  m.  S.AY.  San- 
tos.    P.  7,000. 

Paranahiba,  a  riv.  of  Brazil,  prov. 
Goyaz,  joins  the  Curumba  to  form  the 
Parana.     L.  500  m. 

Pahati,  a  seaport  town  of  Brazil,  135 
m.  E.N.E.  San  Paulo,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
the  bay  of  Angra.     P.  10,000. 

Paeay-le-Moxial,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Saune-et-Loire,  7  m.  W. 
Charolles.     P.  2,802. 

Parce,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Sarthe,  11  m.  N.W.  La 
Fleche.     P.  2,315. 

Pakchim,  a  town  of  Germany,  Meek- 
lenb.-Sehwerin,  on  the  Elde,  21  m.  S.E. 
Schwerin.     P.  6,489. 

Parchwitz,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  &  10  m.  N.B.  Liegnitz.    P.  1,315. 

Paeczow,  a  town  of  Poland,  46  milos 
S.E.  Siedlec.     P.  2,830. 

Paedoux  (St ),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Dordogne,  4  m,  S.E.  ISTon- 

tron.    P.  1,520. II.  dep.  Deux-Sevres, 

5  m.  S.W.  Parthenay.     P.  1,720.  • 

Paedubitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the 
Elbe,  61  m.  E.  Prague.     P.  2,546. 

Paeechia,  the  cap.  town  of  the  isl.  of 
Paros,  Grecian  archip. 

Paredes  de  Nava,  a  town  of  Spain. 
15  m.  N.W.  Palencia.     P.  4,662. 

Pahedon,  an  isl.  of  the  W.  Indies,  in 
the  old  Bahama  channel,  N,  Cuba.  L. 
10  m.  by  2  m.  in  breadth. 

Paeeenuggue,  a  ruined  city  of  W. 
Hindostan. 

Paeenzo,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of 
Istria,  on  its  W.  coast,  10  m.  N.  Kovigno. 
P.  2,190. 


Parga,  a  fortified  maritime  town  of 
European  Turkey,  Epirus,  on  a  steep 
rocky  height  opposite  the  isl.  Paso,  35 
m.  W.N.W.  Arta.     P.  4,000. 

Paeia  (Gulf  of),  Venezuela,  is  an 
inlet  of  the  Caribbeaa  sea,  betw.  the  isl. 
of  Trinidad  &  the  mainland,  &  lat.  lO^' 
&  10°  40'  N.,  Ion.  62°  W.     L.  100  miles. 

Paeidsong,  a  vill.  of  Bootan,  on  the 
frontier  of  Tibet. 

Paeigne  l'Evecute,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Sarthe,  9  m.  S.E.  Le 
Mans.     P.  3,430. 

Paeime  (Sieeha),  a  mntn.  system  of 
S.  Amer.,  enclosed  by  the  great  bend  of 
the  Orinoco  river. 

Paeinacochas  (Lake  of),  S.  Peru, 
dep.  Ayacucho,  S.W.  Pausa,  surrounded 
by  high  mntns.,  is  20  m.  in  length  N.W. 
to  S.E.,  traversed  by  the  river  Pausa. 

Paeis,  an  important  city  of  W.  Europe, 
cap.  of  France,  &  of  the  dep.  Seine,  situ- 
ated on  both  banks  of  the  Seine,  &  on  2 
isls.  in  its  centre.  Lat.  (of  observatory, 
193  ft.  above  the  .sea)  48°  50'  13"  N., 
Ion.  2°  20'  24"  E.  P.  1,053,897.  Mean 
temperature  of  year  51°. 3 ;  winter  37°. 8 ; 
summer  64°.5  Fahr.  In  1848,  Paris 
was  estimated  to  contain  45,000  houses, 
1,270  streets,  17  avenues,  37  quays,  21 
boulevards,  38  alleys,  133  squares  & 
places,  224*  passages  &  galleries,  105 
courts,  163  {impasses)  closed  lanes,  57 
barriers,  many  of  which  are  noble  edi- 
iJces;  20  gates,  &  33  bridges.  Paris, 
considerably  enlarged  by  the  line  of  for- 
tifications with  which  it  has  recently  been 
surrounded,  extends  on  both  banks  of  the 
Seine,  over  a  length  of  8  m.,  circumf.  22  ■ 
m.  The  Seine,  which  traverses  Paris 
from  E.  to  W.,  is  lined  with  spacious 
quays,  &  planted  with  trees.  Within  the 
limits  of  the  city,  it  is  crossed  by  23 
bridges.  It  here  forms  2  islands,  the 
He  St.  Louis,  &  the  Jle  du  Cite;  on 
which  last  is  situated  the  cathedral 
church  of  NOtre  Dame,  a  gothic  building, 
in  the  form  of  a  Latin  cross,  with  a  mag- 
nificent fapade,  terminating  by  2  square 
towers  295  feet  in  height ;  the  Hotel 
Dieu,  the  Palais  de  Justice,  &  the  Pont- 
Neuf,  which  latter  connects  the  isl.  of 
the  City  with  both  sides  of  the  river. 
This  is  the  largest,  &  one  of  the  oldest 
bridges-in  Paris  ;  in  its  centre  is  a  bronze 
statue  of  Henry  IV.  The  portion  of 
Paris  situated  on  the  r.  b.  of  the  river,  is 
the  most  extensive,  &  contains  the  great- 
est number  of  public  ofiices.  It  is  also 
the  richest  &  most  commercial,  its  centra 
being  occupied  by  the  bourse.  The  finest 
&  most  fashionable  promenades  are  the 


par] 


Universal  gazetteer. 


'585 


Boulevards  &  Champs  Elj'sees,  at  the 
W.  end  of  which  is  the  triumphal  arch  of 
L'Etoile  &  Bois  de  Boulogne;  Place  du 
CMrriiusel,  Garden  of  the  Tiiileries,  &  in 
the  E.,  the  cemetery  of  the  Pere-la- 
Ch:iise.  The  left  bank  of  the  river  con- 
tains the  Fiiubourg  St.  Germain,  the 
principal  residence  of  the  old  noblesse. 
This  quarter  also  contains  the  greater 
number  of  hospitals,  the  largest  of  which, 
the  Salpetriere,  has  a  p.  of  upwards  of 
6,000.  A  great  portion  of  this  quarter 
was  built  from  quarries  extending  under 
the  river,  which  formed  the  celebrated 
catacombs  used  as  a  deposit  for  the  bones 
found  in  the  cemeteries  at  the  time  of 
their  suppression.  Considered  in  refer- 
ence to  its  scientific,  literary,  &  educa- 
tional establishments,  Paris  surpasses  all 
the  cities  of  the  world ;  the  chTef  of  these 
are,  the  college  of  France,  with  28  pro- 
fessors; the  university  academy  of  Paris 
comprising  the  schools  of  law  &  medi- 
cine, the  best  frequented  in  the  world, 
having  7,500  pupils:  there  being  for  law 
3,000,  for  medicine  3,000,  &  fur  the  sci- 
ences-1,500  pupiis;  the  normal  school  of 
literature  &  science,  the  pulytechnio 
school,  celebrated  for  the  great  men  it 
has  educated,  with  13  professors  &  a  li- 
brary of  26,000  volumes  ;  school  of  mines 
with  a  laboiatory.  The  observatory  con- 
taining a  valuable  collection  of  astronom- 
ical &  mathematical  instruments;  the 
Jardin  des  PLantes,  a  large  botanic  gar- 
den, with  museums  of  natural  history,  & 
a  collection  of  living  animals;  conserv- 
atory of  arts  &  trades,  containing  models 
&  descriptions  of  machinery.  There  are 
32  libraries  in  Paris,  9  of  which  are  pub- 
lic; of  these  the  great  national  library 
(Bibl.  Nationale),  is  the  noblest  in.^litu^ 
tion  of  the  kind  ever  formed.  It  is  di- 
vided into  5  sections,  coutiiining. — I. 
printed  works  &  pamphlets,  1,400,000, 
including  duplicates. —  II.  Manuscripts, 
125.000  vols.— III.  Medals  k  antiquities, 
1-50,000  medals  &  10,000  gems.— TV. 
Prints,  1,300,000.— V.  Maps  &  charts, 
300,000.  The  benevolent  iii^tiiutions 
compiise  a  deaf-dumb  institution,  with 
12  professors,  a  school  fur  the  blind,  a 
government  pawn  bank,  &,  numerous 
civil,  maternity,  foundling,  &  orphan 
hospitals.  Theindu.-itrial  establishments 
of  Paris  embrace  all  kinds  of  manuf.  & 
commerce,  but  it  is  especially  distin- 
guished for  objects  of  taste  &  fashion. 
Paris,  town,  cap.  O-xford  co.  Me.     P. 

P.  2,882. II.  p-t.,  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.,  8 

m.  S.  Utica.     P.  4,283. III.  p-v.,  cap. 

Henry  co.  Tenn.     P.   250. IV.   p-v., 

25* 


cap.  Bourbon  co.  Ky.,  on  Licking  r.     P. 

1,384. V.  t.,    Stark  co.  0.     P.  2,474. 

VI.  p-v.,  cap.  Edgar  co.  111.     P.  350. 

VII.  p-v.,  cap.  Monroe  co.  Mo.     P. 

500. 

Paeisburg,  p-v.,  cap.  Giles  co.  Va. 

Parish,  p-t.,  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
1,799. 

Parishville,  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co. 
N.  Y.     P.  2,250.  . 

Parita,  a  marit.  town  of  S.  America, 
New  Granada,  dep.  Isthmus,  on  the  gulf 
of  Parita,  100  m.  S.W.  Panama. 

Paeitchi,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  108 
m.  S.E.  Minsk,  on  the  Beresina.  P.  1,600. 

Parkany,  a  mkt.  town  of  Hungary. 
P.  1,374. 

Parke,  W.  co.  la.  Area,  450  sq.  m. 
Cap.  Rockville.     P.  14,968. 

Parker,  town,  Butler  co.  0.    P.  1,364. 

Parkersburg,  p-v.,  cap.  A¥ood  co.  Va., 
on  the  Little  Kanawha  river. 

Parkgate,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  &  12 
m.  N.W.  Chester,  on  the  Dee. 

Parkhead,  a  vill.  of  Scotland,  co. 
Lnnark.     P.  1,150. 

Parkman,  town,  Piscatiquis  co.  Me. 

P.  1,205. II.  p-t.,  Geauga  co.  0.     P. 

1,181. 

Parkur,  a  dist.  of  AV.  Hindostan,  on 
the  N.  side  of  the  Kunn  of  Cutoh. 

Parkuta,  a  town  of  Central  Asia, 
Little  Tibet,  Bulti,  22  in.  E.S.E.  Iskardo. 

Parma,  two  tnshins.,  U.  S. 1.  Kew 

York.  10  m.  ¥.W.  Rochester.  P.  2,652. 
il.  Ohio,  6  m.  S.  Cleveland.    P.  963. 

Parma  (Duchv  of),  a  state  of  N. 
Italy,  having  N  Austrian  Italy,  E.  the 
Modenese  dom.,  W.  Piedmont,  S.  the  Ap- 
ennines. Area,  2,274  sq.  m.  P.  496,- 
803.  Surfiice  slopes  to  the  N.,  where  the 
Po  forms  the  boundary.  About  12,300 
quintals  of  salt  are  made  annually.  Silk 
fabrics  in  the  larger  towns,  iron  wares, 
glass,  earthenware,  paper,  straw  hats,  & 
gunpowder  are  the  principal  manufs. 
The  duchy  is  subdivided  into  the  5  dists. 
Armed  force  about  1,300  men,  mostly 
infantry.— The  city  of  Parma,  cap.  of  th-e 
duchy,  is  situated  on  the  Parma,  an  affl. 
of  tho'Po,  72  m.  S.E.  Milan.  P.  40,927. 
It  is  of  a  circular  form,  surrounded  by 
walls  &  entered  by  5  gates.  Chf.  public 
edifices,  a  cathedral  with  valuable  paint- 
ings, the  ducal  palace  with  a  library  of 
90,000  vols.,  ah  academy  of  the  fine  arts, 
museum  of  antiquities,   botanic  garden, 

&,    public    library  of  34,000  vols. II 

p-t.,  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.     P.  2,946. 

Parnac.  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Indre,  22  m.  S.E.  Blanc      P.  1,510. 

Parnahiba,    a  river  of  Brazil,  risea 


688 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[PA8 


near  lat.  11°  S.,  Ion.  47°  W.,  enters  the 
Atlantic  by  several  mouths,  about  lat.  2° 
50'  S.,  Ion.  41°  35'  W.  Total  course  es- 
timated at  750  m. 

Paiinahiba,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Parnahiba,  near  its  mouth. 

P.  of  dist.  10,000. II.  Parnahiba  is  a 

town,  prov.,  &  43  m.  W.  San  Paulo. 

Parnassus  (Mount),  a  famous  mntn. 
of  Gieece,  gov.  PLiocis,  its  culminating 
point,  8,068  feet  above  the>sea. 

Paknei.lah.  a  town  of  S.  India,  32  m. 
W.  Merriich. 

Parnes  (Mount),  the  loftiest  moun- 
tain in  Attica,  Greece,  16  m.  N.  Athens. 
Height,  1,415  feet. 

Paro,  a  town  of  Bootan,  India,  12  m. 
S.W.  Tassisudon. 

Parolah,  a  town  of  British  India,  44 
m.  E.N.E.  Gaulnah. 

Paropamisan  Mountains,  Persia, 
cover  an  extent  of  350  m.  in  length  E.  to 
W.,  by  200  in.  N.  to  S.,  separate  the  des- 
erts of  Yezd  &  Turliestan. 

Paros,  an  island  of  the  Grecian  ar- 
chipeIaG:o.  5  m.  W.  Naxos.  Area,  100 
sq.  m.    -P.  6,000. 

Parr,  a  township  of  England,  co.  Lan- 
caster, 3  111.  W.S.W.  Newton-in-Maker- 
field.     P.  3,310. 

Parrainder,  a  town  of  India,  Deccan, 
210  m.  W.N.W.  Hyderabad. 

Parr  AS,  a  petty  town  of  the  Mexican 
confed.,  32  m.  N.E.  Mapimi. 

Parret,  a  river  of  W.  England.  L.  40 
miles. 

Parry  (Cape),  British  N.  America,  is 
on  the  Arctic  ocean,  near  lat.  69°  N.,  Ion. 
123°  35'  W. II.  AV.  coast  of  Green- 
land, near  the  N.  extremity  of  Baffin  bay. 

III.    E.   coast    of   Greenland. — The 

Parry  Islands  are  the  N.  cluster  of  the 
Arzobispo  islands.  Pacific  ocean. 

Parsonsfield,  a  tcship.  of  Maine,  68 
m.  S.W.  Augusta.     P.  2,442. 

Partanna,  a  market  town  of  Sicily, 
19  m.  S.E.  Trapani.     P.  8,000. 

Partenico,  a  city  of  Sicily,  14  m. 
W.S.W.  Palermo;     P.   11,000. 

Parthenay,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Deux  Sevres,  24  m.  N.N.E. 
Niort.     P.  3,909. 

Partick,  a  beautiful  vill.  of  Scotl., 
CO.  Lanark,  2  m.  N.W.  Glasgow.  P.  2,747. 

Partridge  Island,  New  Brunswick, 
is  in  St.  John  harb.,  an  inlet  of  the  bay 
of  Fundy,  S.  St.  John. 

Paru,  a  river  of  Brazil,  tributary  to 
the  Amazon.     L.  350  m. 

Paruro,  a  town  of  S.  Peru,  18  ra. 
S.S.W.  Cuzco. 

Parvich,  an  island  of  Dalmatia,  in  the 


gulf  or  Quarnero,  7  m.  S.W.  Zeng.     L. 
4  miles. 

Pahys,  a  mountain  of  Wales,  co.  &  on 
the  N.  side  of  the  island  Anglesey. 

Pasages,  a  town  A  port  of  Spain,  3  m. 
E.  St.  Sebastian.     P.  895. 

Pasay,  a  maritime  town  of  Sumatra, 
on  its  N.  coast,  about  140  miles  E.S.E. 
Acheeu. 

Pascagoula,  a  river  of  Mississippi, 
formed  by  the  confl.  of  the  Chickasaw- 
hay  &  Leaf  rivers,  flows  S.,  &  falls  into 
Pascagoula  sound,  &  thence  into  the  gulf 
of  Mexico.  It  is  navig.  for  its  last  50  m., 
for  vessels  drawing  6  feet  water. 

Paschendaele,  a  mkt.  town  of  Bel- 
gium, 61  m.  N.E.  Ypres.     P.  3,000. 

Pasco,  the  principal  mining  town  of 
N.  Peru,  dep.  Junin,  130  m.  N.E.  Lima, 
11,000  feet  above  the  sea.  P.  from  4,000 
to  12,000. 

Pascuaro,  a  town  of  the  Mexican 
confed.,  dep.  Mechoacan,  23  m.  S  W. 
Valladolid,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  lake  of 
Pascuaro.     P.  6,000. 

Pas-de-Calais,  a  dep.  of  France,  in 
the  N.E.,  on  the  English  channel.  Area, 
2,624  sq.  m.  P.  692,994.  Surface  trav- 
ersed S.E.  to  N.W.  by  a  chain  of  hills 
which  separate  the  basin  of  the  N.  sea 
from  that  of  the  channel,  &  gives  rise  to 
numerous  rivers,  the  chief  of  which  are 
Scarpa  &  Lys. 

Pas-de-Calais,  or  Strait  of  Dover, 
the  strait  which  separates  England  from 
France. 

Pasewalk,   a  town  of  Prussian  Potn- 
erania,  25  m.  W.N.W.  Stettin.    P.  5,620. 
Pasijan,  two  of  the  smaller  Philippine 
islands,  E.  archipelago. 

Pasitano,  a  town  of  Naples,  on  the 
gulf  of  Salerno,  6  miles  W.  Amalfi.  P. 
4,000. 

Pasman,  an  island  of  Dalmatia,  6  m. 
S.  Zara,  in  the  Adriatic.  L.  15  m. ;  br. 
3J  ra. 

Paso  del  Norte,  a  small  town  of  the 
Mexican  confed.,  dep.  Chihuahua,  on  the 
Rio  Grande. 

Pasquotank,  a  riv.  of  North  Carolina, 
rises  in  the  Dismal  swamp,  &  flows  S.E. 

into   Albemarle    bay. II.   N.E.   co., 

N.  C.    Area,  300  sq.  m.    Cap.  Elizabeth. 
P.  8,950. 

Passage,  two  small  seaport  towns  of 
Ireland,  Mun«ter. 

Passage  Islands,  two  groups  of  the 
E.  archipelago,  one  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Sumatra. — Passage  Island  is  a  name  of 
the  W.  India  isl.  Culebra. — Passage  Fort, 
Jamaica,  is  on  Hunt  bay,  6  miles  E. 
Spanish-town. 


pat] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


587 


Passaic,  r.,  N.  J.,  enters  Newark  bay. 
L.  70  m.     It  has  a  fall  of  70  ft.  at  Pat- 

erson. II.  N.E.  co.,  N.  J.     Area,  180 

Bq.  m.     Ciip.  Paterson.     P.  22,575. 

Passamaquoddy  Bay,  N.  Amer.,  is 
partly  in  state  Maine,  &  partly  in  the 
British  prov.  of  New  Brunswick,  about  12 
miles  in  length  &  8  miles  in  width  at  its 
entrance. 

Passaro  (Cape),  the  S.E.  extremity 
of  Sicilj',  26  m.  S.S.W.  Syracuse. 

Passarowitz,  a  small  town  or  vill.  of 
Servia,  &  a  judicial  cap.  of  its  E.  division, 
dist  &  13  m.  E.S.E.  Semendria. 

Passau,  a  fortified  town  of  Bavaria, 
cap.  cire  Lower  Danube,  at  the  confl.  of 
the  Inn  &  Danube,  92  m.  E.N.E.  Mun- 
chen.     P.  10,211. 

Passenheim,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  21 
m.  E.N.E.  Hohenstein.     P.  1,275. 

Passeriano,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy, 
13  m.  S.W.  Udine.    P.  3,000. 

Passignano,  a  vill.  of  Central  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta.,  14  m.  N.W.  Perugia,  on  the 
N.E.  shore  of  the  lake  of  Perugia.  Near 
it  was  fought  the  famous  battle  of  Thrasy- 
mene,  b.c.  217. 

Passo  CXballo,  Texas,  is  the  entrance 
to  Matagorda  bay,  80  m.  S.W.  the  mouth 
of  the  Brazos. 

Passy,  a  market  town  of  France,  dep. 
Seine,  &  one  of  the  W.  suburbs  of  Paris, 
7  m.  S.S.W.  St.  Denis.     P.  5,625. 

Pastaca,  a  riv.  of  S.  Amer.,  Ecuador, 
rises  in  Andes,  &  after  a  S.E  course  of 
400  m.,  joins  the  Amazon. 

Pasto,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  in  the 
table-land  of  the  Andes,  dep.  Cauca,  148 
m.  N.N.E.  Quito.     P.  7,000. 

Pastos-Bons,  a  town  of  Brazil,  292  m. 
S.S.W.  St.  Luiz. 

Pastrana,  a  town  of  Spain,  14  m. 
S.E.  Guadalaxara.     P.  3,021. 

Pasumsic,  r.,  Vt.     L.  34  m. 

Pasukuan,  a  town  of  Java,  near  its 
N.E.  coast,  30  m.  S  S.E.  Surabaya. 

Passyhnk,  t.,  Philadelphia  co.  Pa. 
P.  1,594. 

Pata,   an  isl.  of  the  E.  archipelago. 

II.  a  town  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  isl. 

of  Luzon,  Philippines. III.  a  market 

town  of  Central  Hungary,  co.  Heves,  6 
m.  W.N.W.  Gyongyos.     P.  2,580. 

Patagonia,  an  extensive  region,  com- 
prising the  S.  extremity  of  S.  America, 
from  lat.  38°  45'  S.,  &  having  N.  the 
territories  of  La  Plata  &  Chile.  It  has 
been  little  explored.  Gruanacoes,  pumas, 
foxes,  &  great  numbers  of  mice,  are 
the  principal  quadrupeds.  The  condor, 
hawks,  an  ibis,  &  a  few  others,  are  among 
the  scanty  number  of  birds.    The  Indians 


who  are  thinly  scattered  over  this  region 
are  remarkable  for  their  lofty  stature. 

Patak  (Saros-Nagy),  a  market  town 
of  Hungary,  20  m.  N.E.  Tokay.    P.  5,088. 

Patanago,  a  town  of  Burmah,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Irrawadi,  75  m.  N.  Prome. 

Patany,  the  S.-most  prov.  of  Siam, 
Further  India. —  6'ape  Patany  is  a  head- 
land, N.E.  the  town. 

Patapsco,  a  river,  Maryland,  rises  in 
CO.  Baltimore,  flows  mostly  E.,  &  joins 
Chesapeake  bay,  by  a  broad  estuary, 
between  North  &  Bodkin  points.  For 
14  m.  it  is  navig.  for  vessels  drawing  18 
feet  water. 

Patara,  a  ruined  city  of  Asia- Minor, 
celebrated  in  antiquity  as  a  principal 
seat  of  the  worship  of  Apollo.  Its  re- 
mains are  on  the  coastj  12  m.  S.  the 
ruins  of  Xanthus. 

Patay,  a  mkt.  town  of  France,  dep. 
Loiret,  cap.  cant.,  14  m.  N.W.  Orleans. 
P.  1,429. 

Pataz,  a  town  of  N.  Peru,  80  m. 
E.N.E.  Truxillo. 

Pater,  or  Pembroke-Dock,  a  subur- 
ban town  of  S.  Wales,  co.  Pembroke. 

Paterna,  two  towns  of  Spain. 1. 

{de  la  Ribiera),  prov.  &  23  m.  E.  Cadiz. 

P.  2,436. II.   {del  Campo),   prov.  & 

N.E.  Huelva.     P.  1,678. 

Paterne  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Indre-et-Loire,  18  miles 
N.N.W.  Tours.     P.  2,148. 

Paterno,  a  city  of  Sicily,  10  m.  N.W. 
Catania.     P.  10,800. 

Paterno,  two  towns  of  Naples. 

I.  prov.  Calab.  Citra,  5  m.  S.  Cosenza. 

P.  2,000. II.  prov.  Princip.  Ult,  12m. 

E.N.E.  Avellino.     P.  2,700. 

Paternosters  (Great  &  Little),  two 
dangerous  rocks  in  the.  channel  between 
Cape  Carteret,  on  the  coast  of  France,  & 
the  island  of  Jersey. 

Paterson,  a  town,  New  Jersey,  75  m. 

N.E.  Trenton.     P.  7,506. II.  a  river 

of  Australia,  New  South  Wales,  co.  Dur- 
ham,   joins   the    Hunter   river. Cape 

Paterson,  Australia,  is  a  headland  on 
the  S.  coast. 

Patgong,  a  town  of  British  India,  45 
m.  N.N.W.  liungpoor. 

Path-Head,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co. 
Fife.     P.  2,946. 

Pativilca,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Peru,  dep. 
Lima,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Barranca  in 
the  Pacific  ocean,  30  m.  N.N.W.  Huacho. 

Patmos,  an  isl.  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Asia-Minor,  20  m.  S.  Samos.  Lat.  37° 
17'  N.,  Ion.  26°  35'  E.  P.  4,000,  all 
Greeks.  It  is  a  bare,  irregularly  shaped 
mass  of  rock,  28  m.  in  circ,  &  having  on 


588 


CrCLOP^DIA    OF    GEOGUAPHT. 


[PAU 


its  E.  side  a  deep  indentation  wMeh  forms 
a  secure  harbor.  This  island  is  famous 
as  the  place  to  which  St.  John  was  ban- 
ished by  Domitian,  &  where  he  wrote 
the  book  of  Revelations. 

Patna,  a  dist.  of  British  India,  having 
N.  the  Ganges.  Area,  1,898  sq.  m.  P. 
845,790.  Besides  Patna,  the  chief  towns 
are  Phatuka,Phoolwaree,  &  Dinapore. — 
Patna,  the  cap.,  is  situated  on  the  S.  b. 
of  the  Ganges,  32  m.  N.N.W  Bahar.  P. 
284,132.  The  city  proper  is  enclosed  by 
Hindoo  fortifications,  &  it  has  a  striking 
external  appearance.  Internally,  there 
is  found  to  be  but  one  wide  street,  &  many 
of  the  housesaremerely  of  earth  with  tiled 
roofs. II.  r.,  la.,  enters  the  Wabash. 

Patoka,  a  township,  la.,  138  m.  S.W. 
Indianapolis.     P.  2,343. 

Patones,  a  vill.  of  Spain,  in  a  moun- 
tain defile,  78  m.  N.N.E.  Madrid. 

Patos  (Lake),  Brazil,  is  an  enlarge- 
ment of  the  Rio  Grande,  near  its  mouth 
in  the  Atlantic.     L.  140  m.,  br.  40  m. 

Patras,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of 
Greece,  &  the  principal  seat  of  its  foreign 
trade,  Morea,  cap.  gov.  Achaia,  on  the 
gulf  of  Patras,  13  m.  S.W.  Lepanto.     P. 

8,000. II.  {Gulf  of),  an  inlet  of  the 

Ionian  sea,  Mediterranean,  between  the 
Morea  &  AV.  Hellas,  Greece.  L.  22  m., 
gr.  br.  13  m. 

Patree,  a  town  of  British  India,  48  m. 
W.N.W.  Ahmedabad,  near  the  Runn  of 
Cutch. 

Patrick,  S.  co.  Va.  Area,  541  sq.  m. 
Cap.  Taylorsville.     P.  9,609. 

Patrington,  a  market  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  York,  E.  Riding.     P.  1^402. 

Patschkau,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sile- 
sia, 44  m.  W.S.W.  Oppeln,  on  the  Neisse. 
P.  3,500. 

Patta,  a  seaport  town  of  E.  Africa, 
Muscat. 

Pattensen,  a  t.  7  ra.  S.  Hanover.  P. 
1,653. 

Patterson,  p-t.,  Putnam  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
1,371. 

Patti,  a  marit.  city  of  Sicily,  on  a 
height  near  the  gulf  of  Patti,  N.  coast 
of  the  isl.,  cap.  dist.,  17  m.  S.W.  Milazzo. 
P.  5,000.— The  gulf  of  Patti  is  a  semi- 
circular bay,  20  m.  across,  between  the 
promont.  of  Milazzo  &  Cape  Calava. 

Pattialah,  a  large  town  of  N.W. 
Hindostan,  125  m.  N.N.W.  Delhi. 

Patun,  two  vills.  of  India. 1.  Ne- 

paul,  3  m.   S.  Khatmandoo. II.  Raj- 

pootana,  11m.  N.E.  Kotah. 

Paturages,  a  comm.  &  marjiet  town 
of  Belgium,  prov.  Hainault,  4  m.  S.W. 
Mods.     P.  6,108. 


Patuxent,  a  river  of  Maryland,  after 
a  S.E.  &  S.  course  of  90  m.  enters  Chesa- 
peake bay.  It  is  navig.  for  vessels  of 
250  tons  from  its  mouth  to  Nottingham, 
dist.  50  m. 

Patzau,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  16  m. 
E.N.E.  Tabor.     P.  2,621. 

'  Patzizia,  &  Patzum,  two  towns  of 
Central  America,  state  Guatemala.,  hav- 
ing respectively  6,300  &  8,000  inhab. 

Pau,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  cap. 
dep.  Pyrenees,  56  m.  E.S.E.  Bayonne,  on 
r.  b.  of  the  Gave  de  Pau.  P.  13,143. 
It  has  a  university  academy  for  the 
deps.  B.  Pyrenees,  Landes,  &  H.  Py- 
renees. 

Paucartambo,  a  river  &  town  of  S. 
Peru,  the  town,  cap.  prov.,  dep.  &  60  m. 
E.N.E.  Cuzco,  on  the  river. 

Paughur,  &  Paughtoor,  two  towns 
of  India,  the  former  132  m.  N.E.  My- 
sore ;  the  latter,  97  m.  S.S.  W.  Hyderabad. 

Pauillac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gironde,  cap.  cant.,  2^  m.  N.N.W. 
Bordeaux.     P.  1,830. 

Paul  (St.),  a  town  of  the  isl.  Bourbon, 
cap.  arrond.,  19  m.  S.W.  St.  Denis.  P. 
16,262,  of  whom  11,540  were'slaves. 

Paul  (St.),  numerous  comms.  &  villa. 

of  France. 1,  dep.  B.   Alpes,    10  m. 

N.N.E.  Barceloonetta.    P.  1,704. II. 

{de  Fenoulllet),  dep.  Pyrenees  Or.,  14  m. 

N.N.E.   Prades.      P.   1,928. III.  {de 

Jarrat),  dep.  Ariege,  4  m.  S.E.  Foix.    P. 

1,353. IV.  {du  Sois),  dep.  Maine-et- 

Loire,  23  m.  W.S.W.  Saumur.     P.  995. 

Y.{enJari-et),  dep.  Loire,  10  m.  N.E. 

St.  Etienne.    P.  4,356. VI.  {la  Roche), 

dep.   Dordogne,   17  m.  E.S.E.  Nontron. 

P.  1,686. VII.  {Trois  Chateaux)  dep. 

Drume,   14   miles   S.    Montelimart.      P. 
2,183. 

Paul  (St.),  an  isl.  at  the  entrance  of 
the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  8  m.  N.E-.  the 

N.  extremity  of  Cape  Breton. II.  an 

isl.  in  Behring  sea. III.  an  isl.  in  the 

S.  of  the  Indian  ocean. 

Paul  (St.),  a  river  of  Liberia,  W.  Af- 
rica, after  a  S.W.-ward  course  of  300  m., 
enters  the  Atlantic.  —  St.  Paul's  bay, 
Malta,  N.  coast,  6j  m.  N.W.  La  Valletta. 

Paul  de  Loanda  (St.),  a  considerable 
seaport  town  or  city,  &  cap.  of  the  Por- 
tuguese dom.  in  W.  Africa,  Low.  Guinea. 
It  is  defended  seaward  by  3  forts,  &  has 
a  large  &  secure  harbor,  sheltered  by  the 
isl.  Loanda. 

Paulding,  N.W.  co.  0.     Area,  600  sq. 

m.    CapChorlac.    P.  1,766. II.  N.W. 

CO.   Ga.      Area,   432   sq.-  m.     Cap.  Van 

Wert.  P.  7,039. III.  p-v.,  cap.  Jasper 

CO.  Miss. 


pea] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


689 


Paulghautcherry,  a  town  of  British 
India,  35  m.  W.N.W.  Trichear.— The 
JPaulghautcherry  pass,  in  which  it  stands, 
is  a  remarkable  opening  in  the  W.Ghauts, 
20  m.  in  width. 

Paulhagubt,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Loire,  9  m.  S.E.  Brioude. 
P.  1,309. 

Paulien  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Loire,  6  m.  N.N.W.  Le 
Pay.     P.  1,449. 

Paulinskill,  riv.,  N.  J.,  enters  Del- 
aware riv. 

Paumbun  (Pass  or  Channel  of),  a 
strait  l^  m.  across,  separating  the  isl.  of 
Eamisseramfrom  the  mainland  of  India, 
'140  m.  jST.E.  Cape  Comorin. 

Paungull,  a  tOAvn  of  India,  Deccan, 
80  m.  S.S.W.  Hyderabad. 

Pausa,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circ.  &  24 

ra.  W.S.W.  Zwickau.     P.  2,425. II.  a 

town  of  S.  Peru,  dep.  Arequipa. 

Pavia,  a  city  of  Austrian  Italy,  cap. 
deleg.  Pavia,  gov.  &  19  m.  S.   Milan,  on 

I.  b.  of  the  Ticino.  P.  28,169.  It  is  sur- 
rounded with  walls,  &  has  numerous 
public  edifices,  the  chief  of  which  are  its 
old  castle,  ancient  residence  of  the  Lom- 
bard kings,  the  celebrated  university 
founded  by  Charlemagne  at  the  end  of 
the  8th  century,  &  recently  restored ;  it 
had  in  1842,  57  professors  &  1,484  stu- 
dents ;  a  library  of  50,000  vols.,  &  a  bo- 
tanic garden. 

Pavilly,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Seine  Inf,  10  m.  N.W. 
Rouen.     P.  3,008. 

Pavlograd,  a  town  of  Russia,  36  m. 
E.N.E.  Ekaterinoslav.     P.  4,000. 

Pavlovka,  a  market  town  of  Russia, 
B  m.  W.S.W.  Obojan.     P.  1,680. 

Pavlovo,  a  town  of  Russia,  10  m.  S. 
Gorbatov,  on  the  Oka.     P.  8,000. 

Pavlovsk,  two  towns  of  Russia. 1. 

gov.  &  20  m.  S.S.E.  St.  Petersburg.     P. 

2,540. II.  gov.  &  90  m.  S.S.E.  Voro- 

nie.i,  cap.  dist.,  on  the  Don.     P.  2,000. 

Pavlovskaja,  two   market  towns  of 

Russia. 1,   gov.    Kherson,    35    miles 

E.N.E.  Olviopol.     P.  1,800. II.  gov. 

&  17  miles  S.S.W.  St.  Petersburg.  P. 
1,600. 

Pawcatuck,  r.,  R.  I.,  formed  by  the 
junction  of  Wood  &  Charles  rs.,  enters 
the  Atlantic. 

Paweea,  a  town  of  Guinea,  on  the 
route  from  the  coast  to  Dahomey.  P. 
16,000. 

Pawlet,  r.,  Vt.,  enters  Ward  r. 

II.  t.,  Rutland  co.  Vt.     P.  1,748. 
Pawlings,  p-t.,  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.   P. 

1,720. 


Paw-Paw,  p-v.,  cap.  Van  Buren  co. 
Ark. 

Pawtucket,  a  tnshp.,  Mass.,  36  m.  S. 
Boston.  P.  2,184.— II.  a  vill.  of  Rhode 
Island,  on  the  Pawtucket  river,  opposite 
the  foregoing.  P.  6,000,  engaged  in 
thriving  cotton  factories. 

Pawtuxet,  a  port  &  vill.,  Rhode 
Island,  on  the  Pawtu.xet,  5  m.  S.  Provi- 
dence. P.  1,200.  It  has  a  good  harbor, 
&  extensive  cotton  factories. 

Paxo,  the  smallest  of  the  7  principal 
Ionian  islands,  10  m.  S.  Corfu.     P.  5,287. 

Payerne,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Vaud,  25  m.  N.N.E.  Lausanne.    P.  2,723. 

Payta,  a  town  of  Peru,  with  a  fine 
harbor  in  the  bay  of  Payta,  Pacific  ocean. 
P.  2,000. 

Pe  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 

dep.   H.  Pyrenees.     P.   2,984. II.   a 

coram.  &  vill.,  dep.  B    Pyrenees,  10  m. 
S.S.W.  Bayonne.     P.2,972. 

Pea,  r.,  a  constituent  of  the  Choctaw- 
hatehie. 

Peace  River,  a  large  riv.  of  British 
jff.  Amer.,  pises  by  two  principal  heads  in 
the  Oregon  territory,  &  under  the  name 
of  the  Slave  river  it  enters  the  Great 
Slave  lake,  near  lat.  61°  N.,  Ion.  113° 
30'  W.  Total  course,  800  m.  It  receives 
the  surplus  waters  of  Lake  Athabasca. 

Peacham,  t.,  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  P. 
1,443. 

Peach  Bottom,  p-t.,  York  co.  Pa.  P. 
1,074. 

Peach  Island,  Upper  Canada,  is  in 
the  S.W.  part  of  Lake  St.  Clair. — Peach 
creek,  Texas,  is  an  affl.  of  the  river  St. 
Bernard,  dists.  Colorado  &  Matagorda. 

Peage,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Isere,  10  m.  S.S.W.  Vienna. 
P.  1,530. 

Peak,  or  High  Peak,  a  wild  &  moun- 
tainous dist.  of  England,  in  the  N.AY. 
angle  of  the  co.  Derby. 

Pea  Patch,  isl.,  Del.  river. 

Pearl  (Isl.),  Newfoundland,  is  in  the 
baj'  of  Isls.,  on  its  W.  coast. — (Islands), 
S.  Amer.,  New  Granada,  in  the  bay  of 
Panama,  60  m.  S.E.  Panama. — (Lagoon), 
Mosquito  territory,  30  m.  N.  Bluefields, 
is  an  inlet  of  the  Caribbean  sea,  25  m.  in 
length  by  12  m.  in  width. 

Pearl  River,  U.  S.,  N.  Amer.,  Louisi- 
ana, rises  by  several  branches,  near  the 
centre  of  the  Mississippi,  flows  S.,  &  joins 
by  several  mouths  the  Rigolets,  which 
forms  a  communication  between  Lakes 
Pontchartrain  &  Borgne. 

Pease,  t.,  Belmont  co.  0.     P.  2,471. 

Peatlaw,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  co. 
&  2  m.  N.W.  Selkirk.     Height  1,964  ft. 


^^sffiSfiS^^^iM^.^ 


690 


CYCLOPEDIA  OF  GKOGKAPHY. 


[PEI 


Peccioli,  a  market  town  of  Central 
Italv,  Tuscany,  20  miles  S.E.  Pisa.  P. 
2,200. 

Pecetto-Torinese,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy, 
Piedmont,  4  m.  S.E.  Turin.  P.  of  comm. 
2,114. 

Pechlarn  (Great  &  Little),  towns 
of  Lower  Austria,  19  m.  W.  St.  Pulten. 
United  p.  1,148. 

Pechor,  a  considerable  town  of  India, 
&  24  m.  S.E.  Gwalior. 

Pechtchanoe  a  market  town  of  Rus- 
sia, 24  m.  S  E.  Perejaslav.     P.  1,650.  _ 

Peckelsheim,  a  town  of  Prussian 
"Westphalia,  50  m.  S.S.E.  Minden.  P. 
1,670. 

Peckham,  a  vill.  of  Engl.,  co.  Surrey, 
3  m.  S.S.E.  St.  Paul's,  London.  P.  12,- 
563. 

PEca  (Le),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  7  m.  N.N.E.  Versail- 
les, on  1.  b.  of  the  Seine. 

Pecsvar,  a  market  town  of  S.  Hun- 
gary, 10  m.  N.E.  Funfkirchen.   P.  2,694. 

Pedda  Balapoor,  a  town  of  India,  20 
m.  N.  Bangalore,  has  2,000  houses. 

Peddapoor,  a  town  of  British  India, 
26  m.  E.N.E.  Rajahmundry. 

Pedee  (Great),  a  river  of  North 
Carolina,  under  the  name  of  Yadkin, 
flows  S.  into  South  Carolina,  &  falls  into 
"Winyaw  bay,  immediately  below  George 
Town.  L.  415  in,,  for  200  of  which  it  is 
nav.  for  boats  of  60  to  70  tons  burden. 

Pederneira,  a  market  town  of  Portu- 
gal, 5  m.  W.N.W.  Alcobaza,  on  bay  of 
Pederneira.     P.  2,000. 

Pedir,  a  marit.  town  of  Sumatra,  on 
its  N.  coast,  50  m.  S.E.  Acheen. 

Pedraza,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  Vene- 
zuela, 38  m.  W.  Varinas.     P.  3,100. 

Pedro,  a  prefix  to  the  names  of  two 

towns  of  Spain. 1.  (P.  Bernardo),  30 

m.  S.S.W.  Avila.    P.  2,120. (P.  Mu- 

noz),  36  m.  N.E.  Ciudad  Real.     P.  1,958. 

Pedroches,  Solia,  a  town  of  Spain,  33 
m.  N.N.E.  Cordova.     P.  1,444. 

Pedrogao-Grande,  a  vill.  of  Portu- 
gal, 27  m.  N.E.  Thomar,  on  the  Zezere. 
P.  2,020. 

Pedrola,  a  town  of  Spain.  20  m.  N.W. 
Zaragoza.     P.  1,627. 

Pedroneras  (Las),  a  town  of  Spain, 
53  m.  S.S.W.  Cuenca.     P.  3,260. 

Pedroso,  a  mkt.  town  of  Spain,  18  m. 
S.W.  Logroiio.  P.  1,097.— El  Pedroso  is 
a  town,  prov.  &  32  m.  N.E.  Sevilla. 

Peebles,  a  township  of  Pa.,  co.  Alle- 
ghany.    P.  1,820. 

Peebles,  a  town  of  Scotl.,  cap.  co.,  on 
the  Tweed,  21  miles  S.  Edinburgh.  P. 
1,898. 


Peeblesshire,  or  Tweeddale,  an  in- 
land CO.  of  Scotland.  Area,  319  sq.  m. 
P.  10,499.  The  Broadlaw  rises  to  2,741 
feet  in  height.  ■■ 

Peekskill,  a  vill.  &  38  miles  N.  New 
York,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Hudson  river, 
Westchester  co.  P.  3,258.  Steamboats 
ply  hence  to  New  York  daily. 

Peel,  a  seaport  town  of  the  Isle  of 
Man,  in  an  inlet  on  its  W.  coast.  10  m. 
N.W.  Douglas.     P.  2,133. 

Peel,  a  dist.  of  W.  Australia. II.  a 

marit.  settlement,  W.  Australia,  dist. 
Murray,  30  m.  S.  the  mouth  of  Swan  riV. 

Peel,  an  extensive  marsh  in  the  E. 
part  of  the  Netherlands,  occupying  about 
60  sq.  m.  between  the  Maas  &  the  Aa  rva. 
—  {Island),  the  largest  of  the  Bonin  isls., 
Pacific  ocean,  middle  group. — (Plains), 
E.  Australia,  have  an  average  elev.  of 
1,800  ft. — Peel  Plains  are  also  a  tract  of 
W.  Australia,  Peel  dist. 

Peel  River,  E.  Australia,  identical 
with  the  upper  course  of  the  Nammoy. 

II.  British  N.  America,  rises  in  lat. 

64°  N.,  Ion.  129°  W.,  flows  mostly  N.W.- 
ward  in  the  E.  valleys  of  the  Rocky 
mountains,  &  joins  the  Mackenzie  at  the 
commencement  of  its  delta. 

Peene,  a  navigable  river  of  N.  Ger- 
many, flows  N.E.  &  E.  into  the  Prussian 
dom.,  &  enters  the  Little  Haff.  Total 
course  70  m. 

Peer,  a  town  of  Belgium,  14  m.  N.N.E. 
Hasselt.     P.  1,412. 

Peer  Punjab,  a  townof  Scinde,  48  m. 
N.  Schwan. 

Pegalaxak.  a  town  of  Spain,  9  miles 
S.E.  Jaen.     P.' 2,516. 

Pegau,  a  town  of  Saxony,  14  miles 
S.S.W.  Lepzig.     P.  3,593. 

Pegnitz,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  flows  S. 
&  W.  &  joins  the  Rednitz.  Total  course 
60  m. 

Pego,  a  town  of  Spain,  38  miles  N.E. 
Alicante.     P.  5,565. 

Pegu,  a  decayed  city  of  the  Burmese 
dom.,  cap.  prov.,  on  the  Pegu  river,  58 
m.  N.E.Rangoon.  It  is  said  to  have  had 
formerly  150,000  inhabs.,  but  was  lately 
reduced  to  two  streets,  one  leading  to  the 
great  temple  of  Shoe-madoo,  the  most 
remarkable  edifice  in  the  empire.  This 
temple,  raised  upon  two  successive  terra- 
ces, the  lower  1,390  feet  square,  consists 
of  an  eight-sided  pagoda,  each  side  162 
feet  in  length,  &  tapering  to  360  feet  in 
height,  surrounded  by  spires,  ornaments, 
&  bells,  &  surmounted  by  a  golden  rod 
&  pennant. 

Pei-ho,  China,  rises  near  the  Great 
Wall,  flows  S.E.  &  enters  the  gulf  of  Pe- 


pel] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


591 


ohi-K.  It  is  navig.  for  boats  to  20  miles 
from  Peking. 

Pbilau,  a  vill.  of  Prussian  Silesia,  33 
m.  S.S.W.  Breslau.     P.  1,335. 

Peine,  a  town  of  Hanover,  17  m.  N.E. 
Hlldesheim.     P.  2,991. 

Peinghee,  a  town  of  the  Burmese 
dom.,  25  m.  S.S.AY.  Pibme. 

Peipus  (Lake),  a  large  lake  of  Kus- 
sia.  is  surrounded  by  the  govs.  Esthonia, 
Livonia,  St.  Petersburg,  &  Pskov.  L.  80 
m.;  gr.  br.  32  m. 

Peisern,  or  Pyzdry,  a  frontier  town 
of  Poland,  34  m.  N.N.W.  Kaliz,  on  the 
Warta.     P.  2,100. 

Peiskretscham,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  38  m.  S.E.  Oppeln.     P.  3,400. 

Peitapoor,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  20 
m.  N.  Ahmedabad. 

Peitz,  or  Peiz,  a  town  of  Prussia,  35 
m.  S.  Frankfurt.     P.  2,670. 

Pekalongan,  a  dist.  &  town  of  Java, 
on  the  N.  side  of  the  isl.     P.  224,000 

Pekatonica,  r..  Wis.  &  111-,  affl.  of 
Rock  r. 

Pekel-aa,  two  vills.  of  the  Nether- 
lands, &  respectively  3  &  6  m.  S.W.  Win- 
schoten.  P.  of  Old  P.,  3,843 ;  &  2d,  or 
New  F.,  3,850. 

Pekin,  p-v.,  Tazewell  co.  111.,  52  m. 
N.  Springfield.     P.  1,000. 

Peking,  the  cap.  city  of  China,  & 
modern  metropolis  of  the  Chinese  em- 
pire, cap.  prov.  Chil-i,  in  a  sandy  plain 
between  the  Pei-ho,  &  its  affl.  the  Hoen- 
ho,  100  m.  N.W.  the  mouth  of  the  former 
river  in  the  Yellow  sea,  &  50  m.  S.  the 
great  wall  of  China.  Lat.  of  imperial 
observatory,  39°  54'  13"  N.,  Ion.  116° 
28'  54"'  E.  P.  2,000,000.  It  consists  of 
two  contiguous  cities,  each  sepai'ately  en- 
circled by  lofty  walls,  &  together  entered 
by  16  gates,  &  occupying  an  area  of  from 
25  to  28  sq.  m.  The  S.,  or  Chinese  city, 
the  seat  of  commerce,  &  residence  of  the 
majority  of  the  population,  is  intersected 
throughout  by  4  wide  &  regular  thorough- 
fares, which  abound  with  shops  of  all  de- 
scriptions. &  are  continually  filled  with 
a  motley  crowd.  At  the  point  where 
the.'e  streets  meet  each  other,  are  large 
arches.  The  Northern,  Tartar,  or  im- 
perial city,  consists  of  three  separate  eij- 
closures.  The  outer  of  these  is  now  mostly 
occupied  by  Chinese  traders.  The  2d  en- 
closure is  6  m.  in  circuit,  &  entered  by  4 
large,  &  several  smaller,  gates.  In  it 
are  extensive  public  granaries,  a  mili- 
tary arsenal,  &  seminary,  the  college  & 
buildings  of  the  Russian  embassy,  an  as- 
tronomical &  a  magnetic  observatory, 
the   great   temples   of   ancestors,  &  of 


Peace.  The  inner  enclosure,  or  "  forbid- 
den city,"  with  walls  2  miles  in  circum- 
ference, is  appropriated  to  the  public  & 
private  palaces  of  the  emperor  &  em- 
press. About  10  m.  W.N.W.  is  an  im- 
perial park,  covering  at  least  12  sq.  m.,  & 
containing  30  palaces  of  the  emperor  & 
great  officers  of  state.  Pekin  has  a  large 
printing  &  bookselling  trade. 

Pekini,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Albania,  23  m.  N.N.W.  Berat. 

Pelago,  a  market  town  of  Central 
Italy,  Tuscany,  13  miles  E.  Florence. 
P.  5,000. — Pelagosa  is  a  desert  isl.  in 
the  Adriatic  sea. 

Pelestbina,  an  island  &  town  of  N. 
Italy,  the  isl.  extending  along  the  shore 
of  the  Adriatic,  4^  in  length,  &  having 
at  its  S.  end  the  town  of  Pelestrina,  with 
4,000  inhabs.,  10  m.  S.  Venice. 

Pelham,   t.,  H;impshire  eo.  Mass.    P. 

956. II.  t.,  Hillsboro'  co.  N.  H.     P. 

1,003. 

Peling,  an  isl.  of  the  Asiatic  archip., 
off  the  E.  coast  of  Celebes.     L.  50  m.,  b. 

varies  to  20  m. If.  an  island,  Yellow 

sea,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Corea. 

Pelissanne,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Bouches-du-Rhone,  15 
m.  W.N.W.  Aix.     P.  2,112. 

Pella,  a  ruined  town  of  Macedonia, 
the  birth-place  of  Alexander  the  Great. 

Pellegbino  (San),  a  vill.  of  Lom- 
bardy,  8  m.  N.  Btrgamo.     P.  1,300. 

Pelleghue,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Gironde,  32  m.  E.  Bor-, 
deaux.     P.  1,857. 

Pellekin  (Le),  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town 
of  France,  dep.  Loire  Inf ,  9  miles  W. 
Nantes.     P.  1,729. 

Peloponnesus  is  the  anc.  name  of  the 
Morea. 

Pelotas,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  Rio 
Grande,  20  miles  N.W.  Rio  Grande.  P. 
2,419. 

Pelton,  a  tnship.  of  Engl.,  co.  &  7  m. 
N.N.W.  Durham.     P.  1,030. 

Pelumsk,  a  small  town  of  Siberia, 
180  m.  N.W.  Tobolsk. 

Pelusium,  a  city  of  anc.  Egypt,  near 
the  Meiliterranean  coast,  E.  Lake  Men- 
zaleh. — The  Pelusiac,  or  most  E.  arm  of 
the  Nile,  at  its  delta,  enters  the  sea  at 
Tineh,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  120  m. 

Pelvereh,  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
pash.  Marash,  45  m.S.W.  Maiatiyah. 

Pelvoux,  a.  mntn.  of  France,  between 
the  deps.  H.  Alpes  &  Isere,  height  13,442 
feet. 

Pelwobm,  an  isl.  of  Denmark,  duchy 
Schleswig,  in  the  N.  sea,  5  m.  N.W.  Nord- 
strand.     Area,  15  sq.  m.    P.  2,000. 


592 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[pen 


Pemadumcook,  lake,  Penobscot  co. 
Me. 

Pemba,  an  island  oflF  the  E.  coast  of 
Africil,  Muscat  dooi.,  30  m.  N.  the  island 

Zanzibar.     L.   35  m. II.  a   country, 

river  &  town,  Congo,  W.  Africa,  lat.  of 
town,  5°S.,  Ion.  14°  30'  E. 

Pembina,  a  vill.  of  N.  America,  on  Eed 
river,  60  m.  S.  Assiniboiue,  &  on  the 
frontier  line  between  the   territories  of 

Great    Britain   &   the  U.  States. II. 

a  river,  much  further  W.,  joins  the  Atha- 
basca, 40  m.  X.E.  Fort  Assiniboiue. 

III.  CO.  Minnesota.     P.  1,134. 

Pembridge,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  Hereford,  on  the  Arrow.     P.  1,306. 

Pembroke,  a  seaport  town  of  S.  AVales, 
CO.  Pembroke,  on  a  creek  of  Milford  Ha- 
ven,  210  m.  W.  London.     P.  6,156. 

II.  t.,  Merrimac  co.  N.  H.     P.  1,336. 

III.  t.,    Plymouth  co.  Mass.     P.  1.258. 

IV.  p-t.,  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.    P.  2,279. 

V.  t.,  Washington  co.  Me.     P.  1,050. 

VI.    a  CO.  of  Tasmania  (Van   Die- 

men'^). 

Pembrokeshire,  a  marit.  co.,  &  the 
most  W.  of  South  Wales,  having  W.  &  N. 
the  Irish  sea,  &  S.  the  Bristol  channel. 
Area  estim.  at  610  sq.  m.  Surface  in 
the  N.E.  mntuous.,  elsewhere  undula- 
ting. Coast  line  bold  &  deeply  indented. 
P.  138,216. 

Pemigewasset,  river,  N.  H.,  a  con- 
stituent of  the  Merrimac. 

Penafiel,  a  town  of  Spain,  29  m. 
E.S.E.  Valhidolid,  near  the  confl.  of  the 

Douro  &  Duranton.     P.  3,161. II.  a 

town  of  Portugal,  prov.  Minho,  26  m. 
S.E.  Braga.     P.  2,300. 

Penaflor,  a  mkt.  town  of  Spain,  42 
m.  E.N.E.  Sevilla,  on  the  Guadalquivir. 
— Penalba  is  a  market  town,  prov.  &  42 
m.  S.E.  Zaragoza. 

Penaguila-Y-Ares,  a  mkt.  town  of 
Spain,  27  m.  N.  Alicante.  P.  1,280.— 
Penalba  is  avilL,  prov.  Huesca,  18  m. 
N.W.  Mequinenza. 

Penamacor,  a  town  of  Portugal,  28 
m.  N.E.  Castello-Branco.     P.  2,506. 

Penang,  an  island  belonging  to  Great 
Britain,  in  the  strait  of  Malacca,  Further 
India,  2  m.  from  prov.  Wellesley,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  the  Malay  peninsula.  L.  16 
m.,  br.  11  m.  Area.  160  sq.  m.  P.  38,450. 
P.  of  Penano:,  Wellesley  prov.,  &  adja- 
cent islands,  '100,000. 

Penaranda-de-Bracamonte,  a  town 
of   Spain,   27  m.    S.E.   Salamanca.     P. 

4,140. II.  {de  Buero),  a  town,  40  m. 

S.S.E.  Burgos.  P.  694. — Pennaroya  is  a 
mkt.  town,  prov.  Zaragoza,  22-  m.  S.E, 
Alcaniz.     P.  1,650. 


,  Penas  (Gulf  of),  S.  America,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Patagonia.  L.  &  br.,  70  m. 
each. 

Penas-de  S  Pedro,  a  town  of  Spain, 
12  m.  S.S.W.  Albacete.     P.  9,876. 

Pendlebury,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co. 
Lancaster.     P.  2,198. 

Pendle-Hill,"  Engl.,  co.  Lancaster. 
Height  above  the  sea,  1,800  feet. 

Pendleton,  N.  co.  Va.     Area,  999  sq. 

m.     Cap.  Franklin.     P.  579. II.  I^. 

CO.  Ky.  Area,  450  sq.  m.  Cap.  Fal- 
mouth.    P.  6,774. III.  p-t.,  Niagara 

CO.  N.  Y.  P.  2,166. IV.  p-v.,  Ander- 
son dist.  S.  C.     P.  633. V.   a  vill.  of 

-England,  co.  Lancaster,  2^  m.  W.N.W. 
Manchester.  P.  11,032. VI.  a  town- 
ship, CO.  Lancaster,  2j  m.  S.S.E.  Clithe- 
roe.     P.  1,469. 

Penedo,  a  flourishing  city  of  Brazil, 
prov.  &  55  m.  S.W.  Alagoas,  on  the  San 
Francisco.  P.  of  dist.,  14,000,  mostly  In- 
dians. 

Penella,  a  town  of  Portugal,  on  the 
Deu9a,  15  m.  S.E.  Coimbra.     P.  3,460. 

Penfield,  t.,  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.,  6  m. 
E.N.E.  Rochester.     P.  3,185.     • 

Peniche,  afortfd.  town  of  Portugal,  13 
m.  W.  Obidos,  on  the  Atlantic.    P.  2,600. 

Penig,  a  town  of  Sa.xony,  33  m.  S.S.E. 
Leipzig,  on  the  Mulde.     P.  3,956. 

Peninsula,  an  abbreviation  for  the 
Iberian,  or  Pyrennean  Peninsula. 

Peniscola,  a  fortfd.  town  of  Spain,  38 
m.N.E.  Castellon-de-la- Plana.    P.  1,391. 

Penjinsk,  a  small  town  of  E.  Siberia, 
prov.  Okhotsk,  on  the  Penjina. 

Penkau,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian 
Pomerania,  reg.  &  17  m.  W.  Stettin.  P. 
1,500. 

Penkhull,  a  tnsbp.jof  Engl.,  co.  Staf- 
ford, 1^  m.  S.S.E.  Newcastle-uuder-Lyne. 
P.  7,947. 

Penkridge,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  6  m. 
S.  Stafford.     P.  3,129. 

Penmaen-Mawr,  a  mntn.  of  N.Wales, 
CO.  Carnarvon.     Elev.  1,400  feet. 

Penmaech,  a  comm.  &  marit.  vill.  of 
W.  France,  dep.  Finistere,  16  m.  S.W. 
Quimper.     P.  1,727. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Penn.,  contiguous 
to  Philadelphia.  P.  3,342.  Here  is  Gi- 
card  college,  a  superb  edifice  of  whit« 
marble,  for  the  education  of  orphan  boys. 
II.  t.,  Morgan  co.  0.     P.  1,119. 

Penna-di-billi,  a  small  city  of  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta.,  20  m.  W.N.W.  Urbinu.  P. 
1,370. 

Pennar,    a  river   of  India,    rises   in 
Mysore,  &  enters  the  bay  of  Bengal.     L. 
270  miles. 
Pennautiek,  a  comm.  &  rnkt.  town 


■pen] 


UXIVKR8AL    GAZETTEER. 


593 


of  France,  dep.  Aude,  3  m.  N.W.  Car- 
cassonne.    P.  1,214. 

Penne,  two  comms.  &  towns  of  France. 

1,  dep.  Lot-et-Garonne,  cap.  cant.,  6 

m.  E.S.E.  Villeneuve-sur-Lot.     P.  4,555. 

II.  dep.  Tarn,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Avey- 

ron,  15  m.  N.W.  Gaillac.     P.  2.201. 

Pennigent,  a  mountain  of  Engl.,  co. 
York,  W.  Riding.     Elev.  2,270  ft. 

Pennington,   t..  Licking  co.  0.     P. 
1,244. 

.     Penniston,  a  market  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  York,  W.  Riding.     P.  5,907. 

Ponn's  Neck,   two  contiguous    town- 
ships of  New  Jersey. 1.  {Lower),  co. 

&  5  m.  N.W.  Salem,  on  Delaware  riv. 
P.  1,219. II.  (Upper).     P.  1,854. 

Pennsylvania,  one  of  the  middle 
W.  S.,  between  lat.  39°  44'  &  42°  N.,  & 
Ion.  74°  40'  &  80°  35'  W.,  enclosed  by 
the  states  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Mary- 
land, Virginia,  &  Ohio,  but  at  its  N.W. 
extremity,  bordering  on  Lake  Erie. 
Area,  46,000  sq.  m.  P.  in  1840,  1,724,- 
033;  in  1850,  2,311,786.  Its  central 
part  is  traversed  from  S.W.  to  N.E.  by 
the  Alleghany  mountains,  &  watered  by 
.  the  river  Susquehanna  &  its  numerous 
affls.  The  Delaware  forms  its  E.  bound- 
ary. Other  rivers  are  the  Schuylkill, 
Lehigh,  &  Alleghany.  It  is  one  of  the 
most  pi'oductive  &  best  cultivated  parts 
of  the  Union.  More  wheat  is  raised  in 
it  than  in  New  York  state,  besides  large 
quantities  of  mai^e,  oats,  barley,  buck- 
wheat, &  thrice  the  quantity  of  potatoes 
produced  in  any  other  of  the  U.  States. 
In  its  number  of  live  stock  it  is  inferior 
only  to  New  York  &  Ohio.  Most  of  the 
finer  fruits  of  temperate  climates  are 
raised,  &  this  state  is  better  adapted  for 
the  culture  of  the  grape  &  mulberry 
than  most  others  in  N.  Amer.  More 
iron  &  coal  are  mined  than  in  other  states, 
whence  this  has  become  the  head-quar- 
ters of  manufacturing  &  railway  enter- 
prise in  the  Union.  A  million  tons  of 
coal  are  produced  annually.  Salt,  build- 
ing stone,  &  timber,  are  also  important 
products.  At  Pittsburg,  ironmongery  of 
all  descriptions,  with  steam  engines  & 
machinery,  are  manufactured  in  large 
quantities.  Cotton,  &  woollen  stuffs  & 
yarn,  soap,  paper,  gunpowder,  carriages, 
&  most  other  kinds  of  goods  are  made  ; 
&  in  manufacturing  industry,  this  state 
.  ranks  immediately  after  Massachusetts. 
Foreign  trade  is"  carried  on  chiefly 
through  Philadelphia,  but  in  part 
through  New  York,  Baltimore,  ^c. 
Total  value  of  exports  direct  (1850) 
64,501,606;    imports  $12,066,154.      The 


whole  S.E.  part  of  the  state  is  intersected 
by  a  network  of  canals  &  railways.  In 
1850,  1,280  m.  of  canals,  &  1,323  m.  of 
railway  were  in  operation  ;  &  535  m.  rail- 
way in  course  of  construction.  State 
debt,  $40,017,102  36.  Productive  prop- 
erty, exclusive  of  school  fund,  $32,111,- 
735.  Total  income  of  the  state  (1850), 
$4,438,131  50.  Ordinary  annual  expendi- 
ture $350,000.  The  state  is  divided  into 
64  COS.,  &  sends  25  representatives  to 
Cong.  Chief  cities,  Harrisburg,  the 
cap.,  Philadelphia,  Pittsburg,  Lancas- 
ter, Reading  &  Carlisle.  The  state  was 
granted  to  W.  Penn  by  James  II.  in  1681. 
Present  constitution  adopted  in  1838. 
Gov.  vested  in  a  gov.  &  senators,  elected 
triennially,  &  representatives,  elected 
annually. 

Penn  Yan,  p-v.,  cap.  Yates  co.  N.  Y., 
on  the  outlet  of  Crooked  lake.  P. 
2,500. 

Penobscot,  the  principal  river  of  the 
state  Maine,  is  formed  by  the  union  of 
many  streams  in  W.  part  of  the  state, 
whence  it  flows  mostly  S.,  &  afcer  a  total 
course  estimated  at  100  m.,  enters  Pe- 
nobscot bay  40  m.  below  Bangor,  to  which 
town  it  is  navigable  for  large  vessels. — 
Penobscot  bay  is  30  miles  in  length  & 
breadth  at  its  entrance,  &  contains  many 

isls. II.   N.  CO.,   Me.     Cap.  Bangor. 

P.  63,089. III.  t.,   Ha;ncook  eo.   Me. 

P.  1,474. 

Penomping,  a  town  of  Siam,  130  m. 
S.  Camboja. 

Penon  nEVELEz,  a  fortified  maritime 
town  belonging  to  Spain,  on  an  elevated 
rock,  on  the  Afiican  side  of  the  strait  of 
Gibraltar,  80  m.  S.E.  Ceuta. 

Penrhyn  Islands,  a  group  in  the 
Pacific  0.,  lat.  9°  2'  S.,  Ion.  157°  35'  W. 

Penehvn  (Port),  a  tnshp.  of  N.Wales, 
CO.  Carnarvon,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ogwen 
in  Menai  strait.  It  has  a  good  quay  for 
vessels  of  300  tons,  &  large  exports  of 
slate  from  a  quarry  employing  about 
2,000  men. 

Penrith,  a  market  town  of  England,-^ 
CO.   Cumberland,   15  m.  S.S.E.  Carlisle. 

Penrvn,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Cornwall,  at  the  head  of  Falmouth 
harbor.     P.  3,337. 

Pensacola,  a  city  &  seaport  town  of 
Florida,  on  the  W.  side  of  Pensacola  bay, 
about  8  ra.  from  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  56 
m.  E.S.E.  Mobile.  P.  2,164.  It  is  regu- 
larly built,  &  has  a  wharf  extending 
about  600  feet  into  the  bay.  About  8 
miles  below  the  town  is  a  U.  S.  navy 
yard,  covering  nearly  80  ac,  &  enclosed 
by  a  high  brick  wa.\l.— Pensacola  bay  is 


594 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    OBOGRAPHT. 


[per 


an  inlet  of  the  gnlf  of  Mexico,  lat.  30° 
20'  N.,  Ion  87°  17'  W.,  is  25  m.  in  length, 
&  15  ID.  in  breadth,  divided  into  3  basins, 
Esciiinbi.'i,  Yelluw-water,  &  Blackwater 
bays,  receiving  the  rivers  of  the  same 
name ;  &  its'  E.  part  admits  frigates  of 
the  largest  class. 

Pentecost  Tslakd,   two  isls.  of  the 

Pacific  ocean. 1.  Cumbprland  isls,  off 

E.   Australia,  lat.  20°   23'   10"  S.,    Ion. 

148°  59'  30"  E II.  (or  Whitsunday 

Island),  New  Hebrides,  lat.  15°  59'  S., 
Ion.  168°  19'  E. — Pentecost  river,  Lower 
Canada,  is  an  affl.  of  tlie  St.  Lawrence. 

Pentelicus  (Mount),  Greece,  Atiiea, 
10  m.  N.W.  Athens,  rises  to  3,500  feet 
above  the  sea. 

Pentenisia,  a  group  of  islets  in  the 
gulf  of  Jigiua,  Greece,  10  m.  N.W. 
.^gina. 

Pen'tima,  a  town  of  Naples,  5  m.  N.W. 
Sulmona.     P.  1,900. 

Pentland  Firth,  a  sound  dividing 
continental  Scotland  from  the  Orkney 
islands,  &  connecting  the  Atlantic  &  Ger- 
man ocean.  L.  17  m. ;  br.  from  6  to  8 
m.  Its  navigation  is  the  most  dangerous 
of  the  Scottish  seas. — The  Pentland  Sker- 
ries comprise  two  islets  &  some  contigu- 
ous rocks. 

Pentland  Hills,  a  range  in  Scotland, 
counties  Peebles,  Lanark,  &  Edinburgh, 
extending  for  about  14  m.  N.E.  to  within 
4  m.  S.W.  Edinburgh. 

Pen\?enan,  a  comm.  &  maritime  vill. 
of  France,  dep.  CCites-du-Nord,  3  m.  N.W. 
Triguier.     P.  2,913. 

Penza,  a  gov.  of  Russia,  mostly  betw. 
Int.  53°  &  55°  N.,  &  Ion.  42°  30'  &  46° 
30'  E.  Area,  14,662  sq.  m.  P.  1,087,200. 
Surface  mostly  level.  Soil  fertile,  &  corn 
is  extensively  exported.  Cattle,  sheep, 
hogs,  ifc  horses  are  reared.  Forests  very 
extensive. — Penza,  the  cap.,  is  situated 
130  miles  N.N.W.  Saratov,  on  the  Sura, 
at  its  confluence  with  the  Penza.  P. 
10,780.  . 

Penzance,  a  seaport  &  most  westerly 
town,  Bngliind,  co.  Cornwall,  on  Mount's 
bay,  9  m.  E.N.B.  Land's  End. 

Penzing,  a  handsome  vill.  of  Lower 
Austria,  3  ra.  W.  Vienna,  on  the  Wien. 
P.  4,135. 

PjiNZLiN,  a  frontier  town  of  Meeklen- 
burg-Schwerin,'43  m.  E.S.E.  Gustrow,  on 
a  small  lake.     P.  2,093. 

Pboria,  lake,  Illinois,   an  expansion 

of  the  Illinois  river. 11.  co.  western 

part  of  Illinois.     Area,  648  sq.  m.     P. 
— Peoria,  the  cap..  70  m.  N.  Springfield, 
is  on  W.  bank  of  Illinois  river,  at  the 
outlet  of  Peoria  lake.     P.  5,562. 


Peppehell,  t.,  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  P. 
1,571. 

PEauANNOCK,  creek,  N.  J.,  enters  Pas- 
saic river.     L.  27  m. II.  Morris   co. 

N.  J.     P.  5,190. 

Pequest,  creek,  N.  J.,  enters  Delaware 
river.     L.  30  m. 

Pequeni,  a  river  of  S.  America,  New 
Granada,  in  the  isthmus  of  Panama,  tribu- 
tary to  the  Chagres  river. 

Peea,  a  suburb  of  Constantinople,  on 
the  N.  side  of  the  '  Golden  Horn,'  across 
which  it  is  connected  with  the  Fanar  (city 
proper),  by  a  bridge  of  boats  erected  in 
1837. 

Perak,  a  state  of  the  Malay  penins., 
extending  along  its  W.  coast.  Estim.  p. 
35,000. 

Peraleda  de  la  Mata,  a  town  of 
Spain,  near  the  Tagus,  58  m.  E.N.E.  Ca- 
ceres.     P.  2,800. 

Peralta,  a  town,  Spain,  on  the  Arga, 
31  m.  S.  Pamplona.     P.  2,348. 

Perasto,  a  marit.  town  of  Dalmatia, 
6  m.  N.N.W.  Cattaro,  on  the  gulf  of  Pe- 
rasto.     P.  1,800. 

Peray  (St.),  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Ardeche,  9  m.  S.  Tournon. 
P.  2,720. 

Perche,  an  ancient  division  of  France. 

Percy,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Manche,  15  m.  S.S.W.  St. 
Lo.     P.  3,215. 

Percy  Islands,  a  group  off  the  E. 
coast  of  Australia,  Northumberland  isls. 
The  largest  is  12  m.  in  circ.,  &  rises  to 
upwards  of  1,000  feet  in  elevation. 

Perdido,  river,  Ala.  &  Fla.,  enters  a 
bay  that  sets  up  from  the  gulf  of 
Mexico. 

Perdjansk,  a  new  seaport  town  of  S. 
Russfe.,  on  the  sea  of  Azov.     P.  2,500. 

Perejaslav,  a  town  of  Russia,  140  m. 
WN.W.  Pi.ltava,  cap.  dist.,  n*ear  the 
Dnieper.     P.  7,000. 

Perekop  (Gulf  of),  an  inlet  of  the 
sea  of  Azov,  on  N.W.  side  of  the  Crimea. 
Shores  very  much  indented.  L.  70  m.— 
The  isthmus  of  Perekop,  which  separates 
it  from  the  gulf  of  Sivache,  &  connects 
the  Crimea  with  the  m  inland  of  S.  Rus- 
sia, is  20  m.  long,  &  15  m.  across. 

Peremyschl,  a  town  of  Russia,  19  m. 
S.  Kaluga,  on  the  Oka.     P.  2,300. 

Perepnaad,  a  town  of  British  India, 
12  m.  S.S.B.  Calicut. 

Pereslav-Zalieski,  a  town  of  Russiii., 
70  m.  W.N.W.  Vladimir,  on  L.  Plesh- 
tchesvo.     P.  3,625. 

Pergamino,  a  town  or  vill.  of  South  i 
Amer-.,  Plata  confederation,  155  m.  N.W. 
Buenos  Ayres. 


per] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


595 


Perge,  a  ruined  city  of  Asia-Minor,  50 
m.  E.SE.  SiDjraa. 

Pergine,  a  inarlcefc  town  of  the  Tyrol, 
circ.  &  7  m.  E.  Tiient.     P.  3,056. 

Pergola,  a  town,  Central  Itiily,  Pon- 
tif.  sta.,'  16  in.  S.B.  Urbino.     P.  2,409. 

Periapatam,  a  decayed  town,  India, 
dom.   Mysore,  42  m.  W.  Seriugapatam. 

II.  a  large  vill.,  with  a  Rom.  Catholic 

church. 

Pbhiers,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Manche,  9  m.  N.  Coutances. 
P.  2,880. 

Perigord,  an  old  division  of  France. 

Perigueux,  Vesuiia,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  cap.  dep  Dordogne,  on  rt.  b. 
of  the  Isle,  41  m.  S.E.  Angouleine.  P. 
10,933.  It  is  composed  of  the  old  town, 
&  le  Pay  St.  Front,  which,  till  1240,  was 
a  separate  town. 

Perija,  a  small  town  of  S.  America, 
Venezuela,  82  m  S.W.  Maracaybo,  on 
the  Perija  r.,  25  m.  from  its  mouth  in  the 
L.  of  Maracaybo. 

"     Perim,  an  island  off  the  Arabian  coast, 
in  the  strait  of  Bab-el- Mandeb,  at  the 

entrance  of  the  Red  sea.     L.  5  m. II. 

an  island  in  the  gulf  of  Cambay,  Hindos- 
tan,  10  m.  S.S.E.  Gogeh. 

Perkimmen,  a  river,  Pa.^  enters  the 
Schuylkill. 

Perlak,  a  market  town  of  S.W.  Hun- 
gary, on  the  Drave,  13  m.  E.N.B.  Wa- 
rasdin.     P.  2,570. 

Perleberq,  a  tow)i  of  Prussia,  69  m. 
N.W.  Potsdam,  on  the  Stepnitz.   P.  5,900. 

Perm,  a  gov.  of  Russian  dom.,  mostly 
in  Europe,  but  partly  in  Asia,  being  sepa- 
rated by  the  Ural  mountains  into  two 
unequal  portions.  Estim.  area,  129,051 
Bq.  m.  P.  1,687,700.  Its  mines  are  stated 
to  employ  100,000  hands,  &  produce  large 
quantities  of  gold,  platina,  &  copper, 
with  about  98,000  tons  of  iron,  &  120,000 
tons  of  .salt  annually.  Perm  is  divided 
into  12  dists. — Perm,  the  cap.,  is  situated 
on  the  Kama,  240  m.  E.S.E.  ViaEka.  P. 
10,000. 

Permacoil,  a  town  of  British  India, 
20  m.  N.N.W.  Pondieherry. 

Pernes,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Vaucluse,  4  m.  S.  Carpentras.  P. 
3,613. 

Pernagoa,  a  town  of  Brazil,  260  m. 
S.W.  Oeiras,  on  the  E.  side  of  Lake  Pa- 
ranauha,  or  Pernagoa.     P.  4,000. 

Pernambuco,  a  prov.  of  Brazil,  a 
long  &  narrow  strip  of  territory,  stretch- 
in?  from  the  Atlantic  inland.  Area, 
100,000  sq.  m.,  &  pop.  320,000.  It  has 
many  rich  sugar  &  cotton  plantations. 

Pernambuco,  a  name  under  which  is 


commonly  designated  the  two  towns  of 
Recife  &  Olinda,  Brazil. 

Peknau,  a  fortified  senport  town  of 
Russia,  gov.  Livonia,  at  the  entrance  of 
the  Pernau  into  the  gulf  of  Riga,  99  m. 
N.N.E.  Riga.     P.  9,000. 

Peronne,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Somme,  21  m.  S.W.  Cambrai.  P. 
3,860. 

Perosa,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  8  m. 
N.W.  Pinerolo.     P.  2,300, 

Peros  Banhos,  a  group  of  27  islands, 
Chagos  archipelago,  Indian  0. 

Perote,  a  market  town  of  the  Mexi- 
can confed.,  dep.  &  88  m.  W.N.W.  Vera 
Cruz.     P.  2,500. 

Perpenaad,  marit.  town  of  Brit.  Ind., 
on  the  Malabar  coast,  15  m.  S  Calicut. 

Perpignan,  a  comm.  &  fortified  town 
of  France,  dep.  Pyrenees  Orient.,  on  r.  b. 
of  the  Tet,  34  miles  S.  Narbonne.  P. 
18,264. 

Perquimans,  N.E.  co.  N.  C.  Area, 
175  sq.  m.     Cap.  Hertford.     P.  7,330. 

Perrainda,  a  town  of  India,  Deccan, 
the  E.  b.  of  the  Seena,  60  m.  N.W. 
Nauldroog. 

Perrington,  t.,  Monroe  eo.  N.  Y.  P. 
2,891. 

Perros  Guirec,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  COtes-du-Nord,  37  m.  N.W. 
St.  Brieuc.     P.  2,555. 

Perry,  a  central  co.  Pa.     Area,  540 

sq.  m.     Cap.  Bloomfield.     P.  20,088 

II.  S.W.  CO.  Ala.    Area,  930  sq.  m.  Cap. 

Marion.  P. 22,285. III.  S.E.co.  Miss. 

Area,   1,044  sq.  m.     Cap.  Augusta.     P. 

2,438. IV.  a  central  co.  Tenn.    Area, 

575  sq.  m.     Cap.  Perrysburg.     P.  5,822. 

V.  S.E.  CO.  Ky.     Area,   760  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Hazard.      P.  2,199. VI.  S.E.  co 

0.    Area,  400  sq.  m.    Cap.  Somerset.    P. 

20,775. VII.  S.  CO.  la.      Area,  400 

sq.  m.     Cap.  Rome.     P.  7,268. VIII. 

S.W.  CO.  111.     Area,   432   sq.    m.     Cap. 

Pinkneyville.       P.     5,278. IX.    t., 

Washington  CO.  Me.    P.  1,008. X.p-t., 

Wyoming  co.  N.  Y.     P.  2,832. XI.  t, 

Union   CO.    Pa.      P.   1,254. XII.  t., 

Armstrong  eo.  Pa.      P.  1,112. XTII 

t.,  Jefferson  co.  Pa.     P.   1,076. XIV. 

t.,    Forsyth  eo.  Pa.     P.  1,350. XV. 

t.,  Marion  co.  la.     P.  1,510. XVI.  t., 

Wayne  co.  la.     P.  1.744. XVII.  p-v., 

Pike  CO.  111.     P.  1,339. XV'III.  p-v., 

cap.  Houston  co.  la.     There  are  also  20 
unimportant  towns  of  this  name  in  Ohio. 

Perrysburg,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co.  N. 

York.     P.  1,862. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Wood 

CO.  0.     P.  1,065. 

Perhysville,  p-v.,  cap.  Perry  co, 
Tenn. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Perry  co.  Ark. 


506 


CTCLOr.'EDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[PEn 


Persante,  a  river  of  Prussian  Pome- 
ranin,  enters  the  Baltic.     L.  70  in. 

Pebsepolis,  the  ancient  cap.  of  Persia, 
the  traces  .of  which  exist  in  a  fine  plain, 
prov.  Fars,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Bun- 
demir  river,  from  25  to  30  miles  N.E. 
Shiraz. 

Pershore,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl.,  co.  & 
8i  m.  S.E.  Worcester.     P.  2,813. 

Persia  (Iran),  a  country  of  W.  Asia, 
compiising,  in  its  widest  acceptation,  the 
region  between  the  Caspian  sea  &  the  In- 
dian ocean,  from  the  Oxus  &  Indus  to 
Kurdistan  &  the  Persian  gulf.  Its  boun- 
daries have  undergone  many  changes, 
but  it  is  now  politically  divided  into 
Western  Persia,  or  doms.  of  the  Persian 
shah,  whose  cap.  is  Tehraun,  &  Eastern 
Persia  or  Cabool.  Persia  proper  lies  be- 
tween lat.  26°  &  40°  N.,  &  Ion.  44°&  61° 
E.,  having  W.  Asiatic  Turkey,  N.  the 
Russian  gov.  Transcaucasia,  the  Caspian 
sea,  &  the  desert  of  Kharesm  (Khiva), 
E.  Affghanistan  &  Beloochistan,  &  S.  the 
Arabian  sea  &  Persian  gulf.  Area,  450,- 
000  sq.m.  P.  8,000,000.  Its  central  part 
is  a  table-land.  Av.  height  from  2,500  to 
3,500  ft.  above  the  sea.  but  traversed  by 
mountain  ranges  rising  to  upwards  of 
7,000  or  8,000  ft.  This  table-land  contains 
in  its  AV.  part  manj'  irrigated  &  fertile 
tracts,  but  nearly  all  E.  part  of  Persia  is 
a  wide  &  irreclaimable  salt  desert.  S.  of 
the  table-land  also,  in  the  provs.  border- 
ing on  the  Persian  gulf,  the  country  is 
mostly  parched  up  &  barren,  &  the  heats 
of  summer  are  almost  insupportable. 
The  absence  of  suflBuient  water  is  one  of 
the  great  disadvantages  suffered  in  Per- 
sia. N.  of  the  Elburz  mountains  the 
country  is  covered  with  dense  forests  of 
oak,  elm,  beech,  &c.,  interspersed  with 
fine  pastures,  &  numerous  orchards  & 
vineyards.  The  climate  of 'these  provs. 
is  very  similar  to  that  of  Europe,  the 
grains  common  in  which  continent,  with 
rice,  are  plentifully  raised.  Rock  salt  is 
abundant  in  most  parts  of  the  countrj',  & 
salt  is  also  procured  from  the  wateis  of 
lakes  Urumiyah  &  Bakhtegan.  Coal, 
iron,  naphtha,  &  garnets,  are  other  chief 
mineral  products.  Domestic  animals  in- 
clude most  species  common  in  Europe, 
&  the  camel,  wild  ass,  &  argali  sheep, 
with  some  formidable  predator}'  tribes, 
are  native  in  Persia.  Principal  manufs. 
are  of  silk  fabrics  of  all  kinds ;  in  the 
chief  cities,  shawls  of  goat's  hair,  espe- 
cially in  Kerman,  carpets,  felts,  cotton 
cloths,  cutlery  &  arms,  glass,  pottery, 
leather,  &  saddlery.  Commerce  exten- 
sive, notwithstanding  the  absence  of  any 


roads  but  mule  tracts.  It  is  chiefly  with 
the  adjacent  countries,  with  Russia  by 
way  of  the  Caspian,  &  with  British  India 
&  England  by  way  of  the  Persian  guif. 
The  shah  is  assisted  by  a  grand  vizier, 
who  exercises  control  over  the  military 
&  foreign  departments,  &  by  a  lord  high 
treasurer,  who  superintends  the  revenue 
&  home  arrangements.  Each  prov.,  or 
important  dist.  of  a  prov.,  is  governed  by 
a  beglerbeg,  usually  a  prince  of  the 
blood,  or  a  nobleman  of  high  rank,  who 
appoints  hakims  over  the  subordinate 
dists.  Each  town  &,  vill.  has  its  magis- 
trates, who  are  generally  chosen  by  the 
people.  Ann.  revenue  of  the  shah,  chiefly 
derived  from  land  &  capitation  taxes,  cus- 
tom duties,  tribute  from  wandering  races, 
&c.,  has  been  estimated  at  from  1,500,- 
OqOZ.  to  2,000,000/.  The  pop.  is  very 
mi.^ed.  The  Parsees,  who  appear  to  pre- 
serve, more  fully  than  the  rest,  a  purity 
of  descent  from  the  ancient  Pereians,  are 
now  nearly  confined  to  the  city  Yezd,  & 
some  towns  in  Kerman,  where  they  still 
retain  fire-worship. 

Persia,  township  of  Missouri,  co. 
Boone.     P.  2,222. 

Persian  Gulf,  an  arm  of  the  Indian 
ocean,  between  Arabia  &  Persia.  L.  550 
m. ;  br.  varies  to  220  m. 

Person,  N.  co.  N.  C.  Area,  440  sq. 
m.     P.  10,781. 

Perth,  a  city,  &  manuf.  town,  formerly 
the  metropolis  of  Scotland,  cap.  co.,  in  a 
plain  on  the  r.  b.  of  the  Tay,  here  cross- 
ed by  a  noble  bridge  of  9  arches,  880  feet 
in  length,  33  m.  N.N.W.  Edinburgh.  It 
is  partially  enclosed  by  richly  wooded 
hills,  well  &  substantially  built,  &  has 
altogether  a  wealthy  &  elegant  appear- 
ance. The  Tay  is  navigable  to  the  city 
for  vessels  of  considerable  burden,  &  ex- 
tensive works  have  been  undertaken  foir 
forming  a  new  harbor  &  wet-dock.  Prin- 
cipal manufactures  are  those  of  colored 
cotton  stuffs,  ginghams,  shawls,  &c.  Ship 
building  is  an  extensive  &  increasing  em- 
ployment, &  the  salmon  fisheries  in  the 
Tay  are  very  valuable,  about  225  tons  of 
fish  being  sent  to  London  annually. 

Perth,  a  dist.  of  W.  Australia,  having 

W.  the  Indian  ocean. II.  a  township 

of  Upper  Canada,  dist.  &  40  m.  W.  Johns- 
town, on  an  affluent  of  the  Ridaau. 

Perthshire,  a  large  &  important  co. 
of  Scotland,  occupying  its  centre.  .It  has 
a  compact  circular  form.  L.  &  br.  about 
60  m.  each.     Area,  2,638  m. 

Pertuis,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Vaucluse,  near  the  Durance,  38  m. 
E.S.E.  Avisnon.   P.  3J22.— Pertuis  Bre- 


pes] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


59Y 


ton  &  Pertuis  d' Antioche  are  straits 
wtiich  separate,  the  isl.  Re  from  the  W. 
mainland  of  France. 

Peru  (North  &  South),  two  contigu- 
ous &  united  republics  of  S.  Amer.,  be- 
tween lat.  3°  30'  &  22°  S.,  &  Ion.  65°  & 
81°  20'  W.,  having  N.  the  Ecuador  re- 
public, E.  &  S.  the  territories  of  Brazil 
&  Bolivia,  &  W.  the  Pacific  ocean.  Area, 
580  sq.  m.  P.  1,515,000.  Peru,  from 
S.E.  to  N.W.,  separating  it  into  three  re- 
gions— the  central  or  Montana,  which 
has  an  average  elevation  of  12,000  feet 
above  the  ocean ;  the  eastern,  forming  a 
partof  the  great  central  plain  of  S.  Amer. ; 
&  the  W.  or  Valles  between  the  mntns.  & 
the  Pacific,  &  which  has  an  average 
breadth  of  60  or  70  m.  The  Andes  & 
their  branches  are  estimated  to  occupy 
200,000  fq.  m.  of  the  surface.  &  one  peak, 
the  Nevadode  Chuquibamba  rises  to  21,- 
000  feet  in  height.  Principal  rivers,  the 
Maraiion,  Huallaga,  &  Ucayale,  with  the 
Apurimac,  all  having  a  N.-ward  course, 
&  tributaries  to  the  Amazon,  which 
waters  most  part  of  the  N.  frontier. 
About  half  of  the  Lake  Titicaca  is  com- 
prised in  S.  Peru.  The  whole  coast  re- 
gion is  arid  &  destitute  of  timber.  Rain 
rarely  falls  in  the  coast  valleys  of  Peru 
W.  of  the  Andes,  but  fogs  &  dews  are 
frequent.  Climnte  on  the  coast  sultry  & 
unhealthy,  but  higher  up  mild  &  salu- 
brious. On  the  E.  slopes  of  the  Peruvian 
Andes  rain  falls  copiously.  Peru  has 
long  been  famous  for  its  mineral  wealth. 
Besides  the  precious  metals,  it  produces 
iron,  copper,  tin,  coal,  &  nitrate  of  soda. 
The  maritime  trade  is  chiefly  with  the 
ports  on  the  W.  side  of  America,  but  that 
with  Europe  is  considerable.  Guano 
trade  is  now  important.  The  constitution 
was  framed  in  1828,  on  the  basis  of  that 
of  the  U.  States.  Standing  army,  3,000 
men.  Public  debt  has  been  stated  at  20,- 
000,000  piastres.  Peru  was  conquered 
from  the  dynasty  of  the  Incas,  by  the 
troops  of  Pizarro,  in  1532,  from  which 
time  it  remained  one  of  the  most  import- 
ant foreign  possessions  of  Spain,  until  it 

acquired  independence  in  1821. II.  t., 

Oxford  CO.  Me.     P.  1,002. III.  p-t., 

Clinton  co.  N.  Y.,  153  miles  N.  Albany. 
P.  3,640.  The  principal  vill.  is  on  Little 
Ausable  river,  4  miles  from  its  mouth. 

P.  800. IV.   p-t.,   Huron   co.    0.     P. 

2,000. V.   p-v.,  cap.  Miami    co.    la. 

P.  1,000. VL   t,   Pike   CO.   Mo.      P. 

1,178. 

Perugia,  a  city  of  Central  Italy,  Pon- 
tif.  sta.,  10  m.  E.  of  the  lake  of  Perugia, 
on  the  S.  declivity  of  the  Apennines.     P. 


18,300.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls.  Public 
buildings  comprise  a  large  cathedral,  with 
several  fine  paintings,  &  a  library  of  rare 
MSS.,  upwards  of  100  other  churches,  &  50 
monastic  estabs.,  all  more  or  less  decora- 
ted with  fine  works  of  art. — The  lake  of 
Feri^gia,  10  m.  W.  Perugia,  is  sitaated 
in  a  basin  enclosed  on  every  side  by  the 
Apennines.  It  is  a  fine  sheet  of  water, 
about  30  m.  in  circ. 

Peruwels,  a  town  of  Belgium,  16  m. 
W.JSr.W.  Mons.     P.  7,465. 

Perwuttum,  a  town  of  India,  83  m. 
S.E.  Hyderabad. 

Pesaro,  a  fortified  town  of  Central 
Italy,  Poniif.  sta.,  19  m.  N.E.  Urbino,  on 
the  Foglia,  at  its  mouth  in  the  Adriatic. 
P.  12,000. 

Pescara,  a  fortified  town  of  Naples, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Aterno,  in  the  Adri- 
atic, 8  m.  N.E.  Chieti.     P.  2,400. 

Pesche,  &  Peschici,  2  market  towns 

of  Naples. 1.  4  m.  E.N.E.  Isernia.    P. 

1,500. II.  11  m.  W.  Viesti.     P.  1,500. 

Peschiera,  a  fortified  town  of  Lom- 
bardy,  21  miles  N.N.W.  Mantua,  on  the 
Mincio.     P.  1,500. 

Pescia,  a  town  of  Italy,  Tuscany,  30 
m.  W.N.W.  Florence.     P.  4,686. 

Pescina,  a  town  of  Naples,  11  miles 
E.S.E.  Avezzano.     P.  3,000. 

Pesco,  several  towns  of  Naples. 1. 

(P.- Costanzo),  13  m.  S.E.  Sulmonu.    P. 

2.500. II.  {La-Mazza),  15  m.W.N.W. 

Ariano.     P.  1,900. III.  (Pagano),  17 

m.  S.W.  Melfi.  P.  4,000. IV.  (Solido), 

3  m.  N.E.  Sorn,  at  the  foot  of  the  Apen- 
nines.    P.  2,500. 

Pesei,  a  coram,  of  the  Sardinian  dom., 
16  m.  E.N.E.  Moutiers.     P.  1,700. 

Peshawer,  a  prov.  &  frontier  city  of 
Affghanistan,  but  now  forming  a  part  of 
the  Punjab  dom.,  12  m.  E.  of  the  Khy- 
ber  Pass,  &  40  miles  W.  Attock.  P.  50,- 
000. 

Pesmes,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  SaOne,  10  m.  S.  Gray.     P.  1,769. 

Pesth,  a  royal  free  city  of  Hungary, 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Danube,  immediately  op- 
posite the  Buda,  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected by  a  bridge  of  boats,  &  bj'  a  noble 
suspension  bridn;e,  opened  5th  Jan.  1849, 
136  m.  E.S.E.  Vienna.  P.  60,000.  It  is 
situated  on  level  ground,  is  about  7  ni. 
in  circ,  newly  &  regularly  laid  out,  & 
generally  handsome  except  the  old  town. 
The  university,  the  only  one  in  Hungary, 
has  49  profe,<!'sors,  &  a  library  of  60.,000 
vols.  In  1846,  it  was  attended  by  1,000 
students.  Postli  has  some  silk,  woollen, 
leather,  oil,  &  tobacco  factories,  &  dye- 
works,  but  its  principal  roanuf.  is  that  of 


598 


CYCLOPEDIA    OP    GBOGRAPHT. 


[pet 


meerschaum  pipe  bowls,  brought  to  it  ia 
a  rouijh  state  from  Constantinople. 

Petalidha,  a  small  island  off  the  W. 
coast  of  Ciete. — The  Petalies  are  a  group 
of  isls.  in  the  channel  of  Euboea,  near  its 
S.  extremity. 

Fetch ENEGUE,  a  town  of  Russia,  30 
m.  E.  Kharkov',,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Severnoi- 
Donetz.     P.  7,000. 

Petchora,  a  river  of  European  Rus- 
sia, rises  in  the  Ural  mountains  &  enters 
the  Arctio  ocean  by  a  wide  estuary  con- 
taining numerous  islands.     L.  900  m. 

Peten,  a  lake  &  isl.  of  Central  Amer., 
state  &  190  m.  N.  Guatemala.  Ti:ie  lake 
is  about  63  m.in  circ,  &  30  fathoms  deep. 

Peter  (St.),  a  vill.  of  Styria,  near 
Judeaburg,  having  a  famous  manuf  of 
scythes,  of  which  55,000   are    annually 

sent  over  to  G-ermany  &  Russia. 1[.  a 

mkt.  town  of  Hungary,  8  miles  N.N.W. 
Miskolcz.     P.  3,325. 

Peter  (St.),  a  lake  of  Upper  &  Lower 
Canada,  being  an  expansion  of  the  river 
St.  Lawrence.     L,   35  m. ;  gr.  br.  10  m. 

1[.   an   isl.,  Asiatic  archipelago,  35 

m.  W.  Point  Api,  Borneo. — St.  Peter's 
harbor  is  an  inlet,  N.  coSst  of  Prince 
Edward  Island,  British  N.  America. 

Peter-le-Port  (St.),  the  cap.  town  of 
the  isl.  Guernsey,  on  its  E.  side.  P.  15,- 
220.  Its  lower  part  h-is  narrow  streets, 
&  very  lofty  houses  ;  its  upper  quarter, 
Hauteville,  is  well  built  &"handsome. 

Peterborough,  a  city  &  episcopal  see 
of  Engbmd,  co.  &  37  m.N.E.  Northamp- 
ton. P.  28,966.  It  has  a  noble  cathe- 
dral, an  edifice  of  the  12th  &  13th  cen- 
turies. 

Peter  Botte  Mountain,  a  remark- 
able precipitous  rock  in  the  isl.  of  Mau- 
ritius, &  2,600  ft.  in  height. 

Peterhead,  a  seaport  town  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  &  27  m.  N.N.E.  Aberdeen,  on 
thfl  point  of  a  flat  rooky- promontory,  pro- 
jecting into  the  North  sea.  Its  harbor 
since  the  completion  of  the  recent  im- 
provements, has  been  rendered  one  of  the 
best  on  the  E.  coast  of  Scotland. 

Peterhof,  an  imperial  residence  of 
Russia,  gov.  &  14  in.  W.S.W.  St.  Peters- 
burg, on  the  gulf  of  Finland. 

Peters,  two  townships,  Pennsylvania. 

1.    12  m.  S.W.    Chambersburg.      P. 

1,939. II.  II  m.N.E.  Washington.  P. 

1,034. 

Peteksborough,  a  township,  New 
Hampshire,  28  miles  S.W.  Concord.  P. 
2,163. 

Petersburg,  a  bor.,  &  river  port  of 
Virginia,  on  the  Appomattox,  12  miles 
above  its  influx  into  James  riv.,  &  on  the 


Great  S.railw.  P.  14,010.  Since  its  partial 
destruction  by  fire,  in  1815,  it  has  been 
handsomely  rebuilt,  and  has  various 
churches,  numerous  academies,  &  schools; 
manufs.  of  woollen  &  cotton  fabrics,  ropes, 
&  earthenwares,  corn  &  saw  mills,  &  nu- 
merous forges.     It  exports  consideriiblo 

quantities  of  tobacco  &  flour. II.  a 

t.,  Rensselaer  eo.  N.  Y.,  26  m.  E.  Albany. 

P.  1,903. III.  p-v.,  Ciip.  Menard  co. 

III. IV.  {St),  agov.  of  Europ.  Russia, 

mostly  between  lat.  58°  &  60°  30'  N.,  & 
Ion.  27°  30'  &  33°  30^  E.,  having  N.  the 
the  gulf  of  Finland  &  Lake  Ladoga. 
Area,  including  lakes,  20,591  sq.  m.  P. 
including  the  cap.,  990,000.  Surface 
mostly  level,  soil  thin,  climate  damp  & 
cold,  &  2-3ds  of  the  gov.  are  covered  with 

woods  &  m.arshes. V.(St.),  tha  modern 

cap.  city  of  the  Russian  empire,  cap.  gov., 
founded  by  Peter  the  Great  in  1703,  at 
the  influx  of  the  Neva  into  the  gulf  of 
Finland,  20  m.  E  Cronstadt.  Lat.  of 
observatory  59°  56'  5"  N.,  Ion.  30°  19' 
0"  E.  P.  500,000,  including  strangers. 
Mean  temp,  of  year,  39°. 6  ;  winter  18°. 6; 
summer  61°  .7  Fahr.  It  stands  chiefly 
on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Neva,  but  partly  on 
some  islands  formed  by  the  divergence 
of  the  river  here  into  several  branches  ; 
9  of  its  12  quarters  are  on  the  mainland. 
Being  situated  on  a  flat  &  marshy  soil, 
it  is  difficult  of  drainage,  &  subject  to 
destructive  inundations.  Great  part  of 
the  houses  are  constructed  of  wood.  Its 
noble  public  buildings,  the  breadth  of  it3 
principal  thoroughfares,  and  its  large 
squares,  render  it  one  of  the  finest  cities 
in  Europe.  The  principal  channel  of 
the  Neva  is  bordered  by  granite  quays, 
&  on  the  side  of  the  mainland  it  is  lined 
by  a  succession  of  magnificent,  structures. 
Close  to  the  quay  is  the  fine  bronze  eques- 
trian statue  of  Peter  the  Great  on  a  huge 
block  of  granite,  opposite  which  is  a  long 
bridge  leading  to  an  island  having  the 
exchange,  also  one  of  the  fine  public  edi- 
fices. The  citadel,  on  a  small  isl.  in  the 
Neva,  contains  the  mint,  &  the  cathedral 
of  St.  Peter  &  St.  Paul,  in  which  are  the 
tojnbs  of  the  Russian  sovereigns.  The 
S.  part  of  the  city  is  intersected  by  the 
Fontanka  &  other  canals,  lined  by  fine 
quays.  The  inundations  of  the  Neva 
often  cause  great  disasters,  in  that  of 
1824,  15,000  lives  were  lost.  The  uni- 
versity founded  in  1819,  had,  in  1846, 
69  professors  &  700  students;  &  the  im- 
perial library  has  420,000  vols.,  &  7,000 
MSS.  Next  to  London  &  Hamburg,  it 
has  the  most  important  foreign  trade  of 
any  city  iu  Europe. 


pey] 


UKIVKR3AL    GAZETTEER. 


590 


Petersdorf,  a  vill.  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
34  m.  S.W.  Liegnitz.     P.  2,010. 

Petersfield,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Hants,    17  m.  N.N.E.    Portsmouth. 

Petershagen,  a  town  of  Pruss.  West- 
phalia, 7  m.  N.N.E.  Minden,  cap.  circ, 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Weser.     P.  2,110. 

Petersham,  t.,  AVorcester  co.  Mass. 
P.  1,775. 

Petersthal,  a  vill.  of  Baden,  13  m.  E. 
Oflfenburg,     P.  1,510. 

Peterswaldau,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  32  m.  S.W.  Breslau.     P.  2,050. 

Peterswalde,  a  frontier  vill.  of  Bo- 
hemia, 20  miles  N.N.W.-Leitmeritz.  P. 
2,200. 

Peterwaedein,  the  cap.  town  of 
Slavonia,  &  the  strongest  fortress  on  the 
Danube,  on  a  scarped  rock,  on  r.  b.  of  the 
Danube,  opposite  Neusatz,  with  which 
town  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge  of  boats, 
defended  by  a  strong  tete  da  pout,  44  m. 
N.W.  Belgrade.  P.  with  suburbs  (exclu- 
sive of  a  garrison  of  3,000  men)  4,033. 

Petionville,  a  town  of  Hayti,  re- 
cently founded,  8  m.  E.  Port-au-Prince. 

Petit-Canal,  a  town  of  the  island 
Guadeloupe,  12  ra.  N.W.  Moule.  P. 
7,600,  of  whom  6,900  were  slaves. 

Petite-Pierke,  a  comin.,  town  &  fort 
of  France,  dep.  B.  Rhin,  8  m.  N.N.W. 
Saverne.     P.  1,249. 

Petlaud  &  Petlawad,  two  towns  of 

India. 1,  presid.  Bombay,  20  m.  S.E. 

Kaira, II.  Gwalior  dom.,60  m.  W.S.W. 

Oojein. 

Petoone,  a  town  of  Manchooria,  130 
m.  N.N.W.  Kirin-Oola. 

Petorca,  a  small  town  of  Chile,  50  m. 
N.N.W.  Aconcagua. 

Pe^fra,  a  rained  city  of  Arabia  Petrasa, 
in  the  Wady  Mousa. 

Petra,  a  town  of  the  island  Majorca, 
23  m.  E.  Palmas.     P.  2,640. 

Petra  LI  A,  two  contiguous  towns  of 
Sicily,  13  m.  S.  Cefalu.  P.  6,500,  &  of 
2d.  4,700. 

Petrel,  a  town  of  Spain,  24  m.  N.W. 
Alicante.     P.  2,537. 

Petrella,  a  town  of  Naples,  9  miles 
N.N.E.  Campobassa.     P.  2,900. 

Petrikau,  a  town  of  Poland,  76  m. 
E.S.E.  Kalisz.     P.  2,300. 

Petrikov,  a  market  town  of  Russia, 
29  m.  W.N.W.  Mozir.  P.  1,700.— Petri- 
kovka  is  a  mkt.  town,  133  m.  N.N.E. 
Kherson.     P.  1,550. 

Petrinia,  a  town  of  Austrian  Croatia, 
on  the  Kulpa,  29  m.  S.S.E.  Agram.  P. 
4,964.' 

Petronel,  a  mkt.  town  of  Lower  Aus- 
tria, 24  m.  E.S.E.  Vienna.    P.  1,102. 


Petropaulovskt,  the  cap.  town  of 
Kamtschatka,  on  its  E.  coast,  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  bay  of  Avatcha.  Its  port  is 
small,  &  it  has  less  than  1,000  inhabs. 

II.  a  fortified  town  of  Siberia,  250 

m.  S.S.E.  Tobolsk. 

Petrovitch,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, Ruraili,  30  m.  N.W.  Seres. 

Petrovka,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  87 
m.  S.E.  Voroniej.     P.  1,500. 

Petrovsk,  two  towns  of  Russia. 1. 

gov.  &  68  m.  N.N.AV.  Saratov.     P.  7,000. 

II.  gov.  &  52  m.  S.S.W.  Jaroslavl, 

P.  2,000. 

Petrovskaia,  two    market  towns  & 

forts  of  Russia. 1.  30  m.  E.S.E.  Bob- 

rov.     P.   1,700. II.  55  m.  W.N.W. 

Kortajak. 

Petrovskoi-Pogrometz,  a  town  of 
Russia,  15  m.  N.W.  Valoniki.  P.  1,500. 
— Petrovskoi  is  the  name  of  petty  places, 
govs.  Viatka  &  Moscow,  &  P.  Ostrov  is 
an  island  in  the"  Neva. 

Petrozavodsk,  a  fortified  town  of 
Russia,  on  the  lake  Onega,  185  m.  N.E. 
St.  Petersburg.     P.  8,000. 

Petsh,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Albania.  73  m.  E.N.E.  Scutari.  P.  12,- 
000. 

Pettau,  a  town  of  Styria,  circ.  &  14 
m.  S.E.  Marburg,  on  the  Drave.  P. 
1,996. 

Pettinengo,  a  town  of  N.Italy,  Pied- 
mont, 4  m.  N.E.  Biella.    P.  2,365.' 

Pettis,  W.  co.  Mo.  Area,  600  sq.  m. 
Cap.  Georgetown.     P.  2,930. 

Pettorano,  a  town  of  Naples,  5  m. 

S.S.E.  Suhnona.    P.  3,100. II.  a  mkt. 

town,  19  m.  W.  Campobasso.     P.  1,200. 

Pettycub,  a  harbor  of  Scotland,  co. 
Fife,  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  firth  of  Forth. 

Petworth,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  Sussex,  13  m.  N.N.E.  Chichester.  P. 
3,364. 

Petzka,  a  market  town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  Arad,  51  m.  E.S.E.  Szegedin.  P. 
13,441. 

Peveragno,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Pied- 
mont, 5  m.  S.E.  Cuneo.     P.  6,080. 

Pevrat,  several  comms.   &  vills.  of 

France. 1,  dep.  H.  Vienne,  23  m.  E. 

Limoges.     P.  2,640. II.  same  dep.,  2 

m.  N.N.W.   Bellac.      P.    1,280. IIL 

dep.  Creuse,  10  m.  N.E.  Aubusson.  P. 
1,640. 

Peyrehorade,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Landes,  38  m.  S.W.  Mont- 
de-Marsan.     P.  1,848. 

Peyrelevade    &    Peyhemale,    two 

comms.   &  vills.  of  France. 1-  dep. 

Correze,  near  the  "Vienne. II.  dep. 

Gard.,  arrond-  Al&is.—Pei/restortes  \s  a 


600 


CTCLOP^DIA    OF    GEOGRAPHr, 


'[phi 


vill.,  dep.  E.  Pyrenees,  4  m.  N.W.  Per- 
pignan. 

Peyriac  Minervois,  a  comm.  &  mkt. 
town  of  France,  dep.  Aude,  12  m.  N.E. 
Carcassonne.     P.  1,309. 

Peyrins,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Drome,  12  m.  N.N.E.  Valence.  P. 
3,015. 

Peyrusse,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aveyron,  11  m.  N.N.E.  Villefranche. 
P.  1.000. 

Peyster,  an  island  of  the  Pacific  0., 
Mulgrave  archipelago. 

Peytun,  a  town  of  India,  Nizam's 
dom.,  30  m.  S.  Aurungabad. 

Pezenas,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Herault,  25  m.  S.W.  Montpellier. 
P.  7,217. 

Pfaffenheim,  a  mkt.  town  of  Francp, 
dep.  Haut  Ehin,  7  m.  S.W.  Colmai-.  P. 
2,012. 

Pfaffenhofen,  a  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  B.  Rliin,  12  m.  ^.'E.  Sa- 
verne.     P.  1,426. 

Pfaffenhofen,  a  small  town  of  Upp. 
Bavaria,  cap.  dist.,  on  the  Ilm,  28  m.  N. 
Munchen.     P.  1,912. 

Pfaffikon,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  &  11  m.  E.  Zurich.     P.  3,000. 

Pfalzdorf,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
44  m.  N.W.  Diisseldorf.  .  P.  2,910.— 
Pfalzel  is  a  vill.  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  3 
to.  N.  Treves,  on  the  Moselle.     P.  1,050. 

Pfarrkirch,  a  market  town  of  Lower 
Bavaria,  26  m.  W.S.W.  Passau.  P. 
1,572. 

Pfeddersheim,  a  town  of  Hessen 
Darmstadt,  cap.co.,  4  m.  W.N.W.  Worms. 
P.  2,031. 

Pfeffers,  a  watering-place  of  Swit- 
zerland, cant.  St.  Gall,  in  a  deep  gorge, 
5  m.  S.E.  Sargans. 

Pforzheim,  an  ancient  city  of  the 
grand  duchy  Baden,  16  m.  S.E.  Cavls- 
ruhe.  P.  7,200.  The  city  proper  is  en- 
closed by  walls,  &  has  a  castle,  &  a  fine 
church,  with  old  grand  ducal  vaults.  It 
is  the  principal  manufacturing  town  of 
the  grand  duchy. 

Pfreimt,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  16  m. 
E.N.B.  Amberg.     P.  1,592. 

Pfullendorf,  a  town  of  Baden,  cire. 
Lake,  on  Lake  Ilmen,  20  m.  N.E.  Con- 
stance.    P.  1,700. 

Pfullingen,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
'on  the  Esohatz,  3  m.  S.E.  Reutlingen.  P. 
4,017. 

Pfungstadt,  a  mkt.  town  of  H.Darm- 
stadt, 5  m.  S.  Darmstadt.     P.  3,050. 

Phalasarna,  a  ruined  city  of  Crete, 
W.  end  of  the  isl. 

Ph.'^i.sbouhg,  a  comm.  &  fortified  town 


of  France,  dep.  Meurthe,  at  the  foot  of 
the  Vosges  mntns.,  49  m.  E.  Nancy.  P. 
2,012.' 

Pharos,  a.  peninsula,  &  anciently  an 
isl.  of  Lr.  Egypt. 

Pharsalia,  p-t.,  Chenango  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  1,185. 

Phasis,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
Transcaucasia. 

Phatuka,  a  town  of  British  India,  10 
m.  S.E.  Patna,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Poon- 
poor  river.     P.^12,000.(7) 

Pheasant  Island,  in  the  Bidassoa 
river,  betw.  France  &  Spain. 

Phelps,  a  tnship..  New  York,  15  m.  E. 
Canandaigua.     P.  5,563. 

Pheng-hou,  Pescadores  Islands, 
an  isl.  group  in  the  channel  of  Fo-kien, 
China  sea. 

Phiala,  a  small  lake  of  Palestine, 
pasb.  Damascus,  10  m.  E.N.E.  Banias. 

Phigaleia,  a  ruined  city  of  Greece, 
Morea,  gov.  Triphylia. 

Philadelphia,  a  principal  city  &  port, 
&  formerly  cap.  U.  S.  of  N.  America,  sta. 
Pennsylvania,  extending  between  the 
Delaware  &  Schuylkill  rivs.,  above  their 
junction,  &  for  5  m.  along  the  Delaware, 
100  m.  from  its  junction  with  the  Atlfir/t., 
&  immediatelv  opposite  Camden  in  New 
Jersey.  ?8  m.'S.W.  Trenton,  k  80  miles 
S.W.  New  York,  with  both  which  cities 
it  communicates  by  railways,  as  also  with 
Columbia  on  the  Susquehanna,  Balti- 
more, Reading,  &  Norristown,  &  by 
branches  wilh  all  the  great  railways  of 
this  part  of  the  Union.  Lat.  39°  57'  N., 
Ion.  75°  10'  W.  Mean  ann.  temp.  50°.8  ; 
winter,  30°.l ;  summer,  71°.4.  P.  (1800), 
70,287;  in  1830,  409,353.  City,  proper 
very  regularly  laid  out,  clean,  hantlsome, 
is  drained  into  the  Delaware,  &  well  sup- 
plied with  water  from  extensive  works 
on  the  Schuylkill,  here  crossed  by  wood- 
en bridges,  one  of  which  forms  a  viaiduct 
for  the  railw.  to  Baltimore.  Many  of 
the  streets  arc  shaded  with  trees,  &  the 
public  buildings  are  mostly  of  white 
marble.  The  principal  are  the  U  States 
bank,  after  the  model  of  the  Parthenon 
at  Athens  ;  ihs  U.  S.  mint,  the  exchange 
&  post-ofncc,  one  of  the  finest  edifices  in  the 
union  ;  the  U.  S.  cava,!  asylum,  with  a 
fine  Ionic  portico,  &  180  dormitories  ;  the 
Girard  bank,  Girard.  college  for  orphans, 
founded  With  a  bequest  of  two  million.? 
dolls.  ;  the  almshouses,  with  180  ac.  of 
ground ;  masonic  hall,  state  panoptic 
penitentiary  ;  state  prison,  a  massive  cas- 
tellated Gothic  edifice  ;  &  the  state  house, 
in  which  the  Independence  of  the  Union 
was  declared   in   1776.     There    are  up- 


'Hi] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


601 


wards  of  100  places  of  worship,  including 
2  synagogues.  Benevolent  institutions 
are  very  numerous.  Amongst  the  chief 
are  the  Pennsylvanian  hospital,  founded 
in  1752,  possessing  a  good  anatomical 
museum,  a  full-length  statue  of  Penn,  & 
West's  painting  of  "  Christ  healing  the 
pick ;"  Wills'  hospital,  &  deaf,  dumb, 
blind,  &  Magdalen  asylums.  The  uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  incorporated  in 
its  present  form  in  1791,  has  the  most 
flourishing  medical  school  in  the  U.  S., 
with  404  students;  Jefferson  medical 
coll.,  &  the  Pennsylvania  college,  are  also 
important  medical  .schools.  The  American 
philosophical  society,  founded  by  Frank- 
lin &  others  in  1740,  academy  of  natural 
sciences,  athenaeum,  historical  &  other 
societies,  the  Friends'  national  schools,  & 
the  library  company,  all  possess  good  li- 
braries, imports  in  1850,  $14,004,860  ; 
duties,  $3,361,112.  Tonnage,  222,483  90. 
Largo  quantities  of  provisions  are 
brought  thither  from  the  interior,  &  the 
city  is  the  great  depGt  for  coal  in  the 
union.  The  city,  independent  of  its  sub- 
urbs, is  governed  by  a  mayor,  12  select 
councillors,  &  a  common  council  of  20 
members.  It  was  founded  in  1682  by  W. 
Penn,  whose  residence,  Pennsburg  manor, 

was  near  the  city. II.  t.,  Jefferson  co. 

N.  Y..  16  m.  N.E.  Watertown.     P.  1,915. 

III.  S.B.  CO.   Pa.     Area,  120  so.  m. 

P.  408,762.      Cap.  Philadelphia. IV. 

p-v.,-cap.  Meshola  co.  Miss. 

PHIL.E,  an  island  of  Upper  Egypt,  in 
the  Nile,  above  the  first  cataract,  6  m. 
S.S.W.  Assouan.  L.  only  400  yards,  but 
it  contains  some  of  the  finest  Egyptian 
remains  extant. 

Philates,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, Epirus,  25  miles  S.E.  Delvino.  P. 
4,000.(?) 

Phileert  (St.),  two  comms.  &  vills.  of 

France. 1,  {de  Grandlieu),  dep.  Loire 

Inf.,  13  m.  S.S.W.  Nantes.    P.  3,285. 

II.  {de  Bouaine),  dep.  Vendee,  20  m.  N. 
Napoleonville.     P.  1,880. 

Philippeville,  a  fortified  town  of 
Belgium,  25  m.  S.Vf.  Namur.     P.~  1,311. 

II.  a  fortified  town  of  Algeria,  on  the 

G..of  Stora,  35  m.  W.  Bona.     P.  3,740. 

Philippi,  a  ruined  town  of  European 
Turkey,  Macedonia,  its  site  10  m.  S.E. 
Drama.  In  the  plain  W.  of  it,  bc.  42, 
the  memorable  actions  took  place  in  which 
the  troops  of'-Octaviiis  &  Anthony  de- 
feated those  of  Brutus  &  Cassius. 

Philippopglis,  a  town,  European  Tur- 
key, Rumili,  86  m.  W.N.W.  Adrianople, 
on  a  precipitous  island  in  the  Maritza. 
Before  1818,  when  it  was  almost  de- 
26 


stroyed  by  an  earthquake,  it  had  30,000 
inhabs. 

Philippsbuhg,  a  town  of  Baden,  16  m. 
N.  Carlsruhe.     P.  1,800. 

Philips,  E.  co.  Ark.  Area,  730  sq.  m. 
Cap.  Helena.  P.  6,935. II.  t.,  Frank- 
lin CO.  Me.     P.  1,312. 

Philip's  Islands,  Pacific  ocean.  Low 
archipelago,  lat.  16°  20'  S.,  Ion.  144°  8'  W. 
— {Phillip  is/.),  Australia,  is  opposite  the 
mouth  Western  Port,  40  m.  S.E.  Port 
Phillip.  L.  16  m. III.  {PhUlips'  isl- 
ands), Pacific  ocean,  Carolines,  lat.  8°  6' 
N.,  Ion.  141°  E. 

Philipstown,  a  market  town  &  assize 
town  of  Ireland,  Leinster,  Kings'  co.     P. 

1,489. II.  t.,  'Putnam    co.  N.  Y.     P. 

5,063. 

Philippine  Islands,  a  large  &  im- 
portant gi-oup  in  the  Asiatic  archipelago, 
forming  its  N.  div.,  &  next  to  Cuba  the 
most  valuable  colonial  possession  of  Spain, 
chiefly  between  lat.  5°  32'  &  19°  38'  N., 
&  Ion.  117°  &  127°  E.,  having  N.  &  E. 
the  Pacific  ocean,  W.  the  China  sea,  &  S, 
the  seas  of  Sooloo  &  Celebes.  There  are 
at  least  1,200  islands,  great  &  small. 
Principal  islands,  Luzon,  Mindanao,  & 
Pa,lawan,  with  Mindoro,  Panay,  Marin- 
dique,  Negros,  Zebu,  Bohol,  Leyte,  Sa- 
mar,  Masbate,  &  many  of  less  size.  Total 
area  estimated  at  120,000  sq.  m.  The 
Spanish  dominion  is  stated  to  extend  over 
only  52,148  sq.  m.  P.  5  millions;  con- 
taining of  Papuan  negro  race,  &  indepen- 
dent tribes,  1,025,000 ;  Malav  Indians, 
3,700,000  ;  half  castes  &  Chinese,  30,000 ; 
the  remainder  Europeans  &  native  whites. 
The  high  temperature,  &  abundance  of 
moisture,  produce  a  luxuriant  vegetation ; 
so  that  they  are  capable  of  yielding  all 
kinds  of  colonial,  &  probably  European 
produce.  There  are  no  predaeeous  quad- 
rupeds ;  the  cayman  is  found  in  the  rivs. 
Pearls,  pearl  oyster  shell,  the  sea  slug, 
edible  birds'  nests,  &  sapan  wood,  are 
important  articles  of  e.^port  hence  to 
China.  Impts.  annually  amount  in  value 
to  900,080/.,  one  third  from  England,  & 
more  than  another  third  from  China,  the 
U.  S.,  &  British  India.  Exports  amount 
in  value  to  974,160/.,  chiefly  sent  to  Eng- 
land, Spain,  the  IT.  S.,  China,  &  Australia. 
Public  revenue  is  derived  chiefly  from 
duties  on  exports  &  imports,  the  tobacco 
monopoly,  &  a  capitation  tax.  Armed 
force  amounts  to  about  7,000  men,  1-lOth 
Spaniards,  &  the  rest  Malays.  These 
islands  were  discovered  by  Magalhaens 
in  1521,  &  settled  by  the  Spaniards  in  the 
reign  of  Philip  II.,  after  whom  they  were 
named. 


601; 


C'VCl.OP.EDIA    OK    UKOOUAfUr. 


Philisburg,  a  viil.  of  the  W.  Indies, 
cap.  the  Dutch  portion  of  the  island  St. 
Martin.     P.  2,000. 

Phippsburg,  t.,  Lincoln  co.  Me.  P. 
1,657. 

Phocea,  a  seaport  town  or  vill.,  Asia- 
Minor,  Anatolia,  at  the  entrance  of  the 
gulf  of  Fouges,  30  m.  K.W.  Smyrna.  P. 
4,000.— OZc^  PhoccBa  is  a  vill.  4i  m.  S.W.- 
ward. 

Phoolera,  a  town  of  N. W.  Hindostan, 
83  m.  E.S.E.  Bhawlpoor. 

Phukok,  an  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Siam, 
near  its  E.  coast.   L.  34  m.  ;  gr.  br.  16  m. 

Phulwaree,  a  town  of  British  India, 
1,700  houses. 

Phu-yen,  a  town  of  Anam,  Cochin- 
China,  cap.  pvov.,  60  ra.  S.  Quinhon. 

Phyls,  a  fortress  of  Greece,  famous 
in  its  ancient  historj',  13  miles  N.N.W. 
Athens. 

Piacenza,  a  fortified  city  of,  N.  Italy, 
cap.  duchy  Piacenza,  36  miles  W.N.W. 
Parma,  near  the  right  bank  of  the  Po, 
a  little  below  the  infiax  of  the  Trebbia. 
P.  29,837.  It  is  enclosed  by  ramparts, 
used  for  public  walks,  erlvironed  by  a 
wide  fosse,  defended  by  a  citadel,  &  en- 
tered by  5  gates.  It  presents,  however, 
"a  forlorn  &  deserted  aspect,"  with  its 
narrow  irregula,r  streets,  &  dark,  half- 
decaying  brick  houses.  It  has  one  fine 
square. 

PiADENA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Lombardy, 
17  m.  E.  Cremona,  cap.  dist.     P.  1,200. 

PiAGGiNE,  a  town  of  Naples,  10  m. 
N.E.  II  Vallo-.     P.  1,400. 

Piana-dei-Greci,  a  town  of  Sicily, 
10  m.  S.W.  Palermo.     P.  5,000. 

PiANELLA,  a  town  of  Naples,  6  m. 
AV.N.W.  Chieti.   "P.  4,300. 

PiANOSA,  an  islet  of  the  Mediterranean, 
10  m.  S.  of  the  W.  Cape  of  Elba.  1.  3^ 
m. ;  br.  2J  m. II.  an  isl.  in  the  Adri- 
atic sea,  belonging  to  Naples. 

PiAsiNA,  a  lake  &  river  of  Siberia, 
gov.  Yeniseisk.  The  lake  is  80  m.  in 
length,  N;  to  S.,  35  m.  in  breadth,  &  90 
m.  E.  the  gulf  of  Yenisei.  The  river 
flowing  from  it  enters  the  Arctic  ocean. 
L. 250  m. 

PiASKi,  a  town  of  Poland,  4  m.  S.E. 
Lublin,  on  an  affl.  of  the  Wieprz.  P.  950. 
— Piaiki  is  a  mkt.  town,  gov.  Volhynia, 
21  m.  S  W.  Jitomir. 

PiAUHi,  a  river  of  Brazil,  joins  the 
Caninde.     L.  300  m. 

PiAUHi,  or  PiAUHY,  a  small  prov.  of 
Brazil,  between  lat.  2°  42'  &  11°  20'  S., 
&  Ion.  40°  30'  &  47°  W.  Area,  60,500 
sq.  m.    P.  60,000. 

PiAVE,  a  river  of  Austrian  Italy.     Its 


course  is  S.E.  to  the  Adriatic,  which  it 
enters  22  m.  E.N.E.  Venice.  L.  125  m. 
— Piazzola  is  a  mkt.  town,  11m.  N.N.W. 
Padua,  near  the  Brenta. 

Piazza,  a  city  of  Sicily,  17  m.  E.S.E 
Caltanisetta.     P.  16,200. 

Pica,  a  vill.  &  small  river  of  S.  Peru, 
dep.  Arequipa. 

PicARDY,  an  old  prov.  of  France,  in 
the  N. 

PicEENO,  a  town  of  Naples,  8  m.  W. 
Potenza.     P.  4,000. 

PiCHiNOHA,  a  volcano  of  S.  America, 
Ecuador,  11  m.  W.N.W.  Quito,  15,922  ft. 
in  elev. — Pichupichu  is  a  volcano,  S. 
Peru,  immediately  N.  Arequipa. 

PiciNisco,  a  town  of  Nanles,  15  m. 
E.S.E.  Sora.     P.  2,700. 

Pickaway,  a  central  co.  0.  Area, 
470  sq.  m.  Cap.  Circleville.  P.  21,008. 
IL  t.,  in  above  co.     P.  1,572. 

Pickens,  N.W.  dist.,  S.  C.  Area,  1,200 
sq.  m.  P.  16,904. — Pickens  c.  h.,  the 
cap.,  is  130  m.  N.W.  by  W.  Columbia. 

P.  300. II.  W.   CO.  Ala.     Area,  720 

sq.  m.     Cap.  CarrolUon.     P.  21,512. 

Pickering,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  York, 
N.  Riding,  18  m.  S.S.W.  Whitby.  P.  3,901. 

Pico,  one  of  the  Azores  isls.,  Atlantic, 
its  volcanic  peak  7,613  feet  in  height. 
Area,  254  sq.  m.     P.  36,000. 

PicQuiGNY,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Somm«,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Somme,  8  m 
N.W.  Amiens.     P.  1,540. 

PicTON,  t.,  Canada.     P.  1,569. 

PiCTOu,    a  CO.  &  town  of  N.  America, 
Nova  Scotia,  on  N.  shore  of  the  island.  ' 
P,  of  co'.  30,300,  chiefly  of  Scotch  descent. 
The  town  is  situated  3  m.  from  the  en- 
trance of  an  excellent  harbor. 

PiDJAN,  2  towns  of  Chinese  Turkestan. 

1.  40  m.  E.  Turfan. II.  50  m.  W. 

Aksu. 

Piedimonte,  a  town  of  Naples,  20  m. 

N.N.E.  Caserta.   P.  5,600. II.  (di  San 

Germano),   a  town,   same  prov.,    16  ra 
S.S  E.  of  Sora,  with  1,500  inhab. 

Piedmont  (Principality  of),  N. 
Italy,  the  metropolitan  &  centi:al  portion 
of  the  Sardinian  states.  [Sardinia.] 
On  the  N.W.  &  S.  the  region  is  enclosed 
by  the  Alps  &  the  Apennines,  &  consists 
of  the  upper  valley  of  the  Po,  by  which 
river  &  its  affls.  it  is  wholly  drained. 
Its  E.  part  forms  a  portion  of  the  great 
plain  of  Lnmbardy,  is  carefully  irrigated, 
&  of  high  fertility. 

Piedrabuena,  a  town  of  Spain,  14  m. 
W.N.W.  Ciudad-Real.     P.  2,308. 

PiEDHAs,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  Vene- 
zuela, dep.  Orinoco,  65  m.  W.S.W.  Angos- 
tura.  II.  a  headland,  gulf  of  Mexico, 


pie] 


DNIVEUSAL    GAZErrKKR. 


603 


65  m.  N.W.  Vera  Cruz. III.  a  head- 
land, Plata  confederation,  90  m.  S.E. 
Buenos  Ayres. 

PiELis,  a  lake  of  Finland,  Iten  &  60  m. 
E.N.E.  Kuopio.  L.  56  m. ;  gr.  br.  16  m. 
The  riv.  Pielis  carries  its  surplus  waters 
S.  into  Lake  Orivesi. 

PiENZA,  a  town  of  Tuscany,  5  m.  S.W. 
of  Montepulciano.     P.  3,000. 

PiERMONT,  t ,  Grafton  co.  N.  H.     P. 

1,057. II.    p-v.,    Rockland  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  1,000. 

PiERRE-BuFFiERE,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  H.  Vienne,  10  m.  S.S.IJ). 
Limoges.     P.  1,012. 

PxERRELATTE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  DrOme,  13  m.  S.  Monteli- 
mart.     P.  2,240. 

Pierre-Pertuis,  a  naturally  escava- 
ted  passage  in  the  Jura  mntns.,  Switzer- 
land, cant.  &  19  m.  N.W.  Bern. 

Pierre  (St.),  numerous  comms.,  towns, 

&  vills.  of  France. 1.    {cV Allevard), 

dep.   Isere,    17  m.  N.E.   Grenoble.      P. 

1,964. II.  (de  Cormeilles),  dep.  Eure, 

10  m.  S.W.    Pont-Audemer.      P.   1,111. 

III.    {de  Maille),   dep.  Vienne.      P. 

2,161. 'IV.  {de  Fless^ueyi),  dep.  Ille- 

et-Vilaine,    14  m.   S.S.E.  ^St.  Malo.     P. 

2,084. V.  {de  Quilbignon),   dep.  Fin- 

istere,  2  m.  W.  Brest.     P.  3,214. VI. 

{des  Eglises),  dep.  Vienne.      P.    1,408. 

VII.  {des  Landes),  dep.   Mayenne. 

P.    1.900  VIII.    {de    Trevisi),    dep. 

Tarn,  18  m.  N.E.  Ca.stres.     P.  1,580. 

IX,  {d'  Oleron),  dep.  Charente  Inf.,  on  the 
island  Oleron,    17  m.  S.S.W.  La  Rochelle. 

P.  4,770.- X.    {diL  Champ),   dep.  H. 

Loire,    14  m.  N.  Le  Pny.     P.  1,700. 

XI.  {du   Chemin),   dep.  Vendee,    17   m. 

N.N.E.   Fontenay.      P.    1,842. XII. 

{d' Eslise),  dep.  Manche,  cap.  cant.,  9  m. 

E.  Cherbourg.     P.  2,300. XIII.  {Ey- 

nac),  dep.  H.  Loire,  near  the  Sumene,  7 

m.  E.   Le  Puy.     P.   1,700. XIV.  (Za 

Cour),  dep.  Mayenne,  20m.E,S.E.  May- 
enne.    P.    1,037. XV.   {le   Moutier), 

dep.  Nievre,  18  m.  'N.W.  Moulins.  P. 
1,710. XVI.  {les  Calais),  dep.  Pas-de- 
Calais,  &  a  suburb  of  Calais.     P.  8,943. 

XVII.   {sur-Vives),    dep.  Calvados. 

19  m.  S.E.  Caen.     P.  1,728. XVIIi: 

{Louvieres),  dep.  Seine  Inf.,  21  m.  S.S.E. 
Rouen. 

Pierre  (St.),  the  cap.  town  of  the  isl. 
of  Martinique,  on  its  W.  coast,  12  m. 
N.W.  Port  Royal.  P.  20,424.  It  is  the 
largest  town  of  the  French  W.  Indies,  & 
the  chief  entrepot  of  those  islands. 

II.  a  town  of  the  isl.  of  Bourbon,  Indian 
ocean,  34  m.  S.  St.  Denis.    P.  14,135. 

III.  an  island,  Indian  ocean,  240  m.  N.E. 


Madagascar. IV.  an  isl.,  in  the  lake 

of  Bienne,  Switzerland,  cant.  Bern,  & 
celebrated  as  the  residence  of  Rousseau 
in  1765. 

Pierre  (St.),  an  island  of  N.  America, 
off  the  S.  coast  of  Newfoundland. — St. 
Fierre,  a  small  town  on  its  S.E.  side,  is 
the  cap.  of  the  colony. — Pierrefond  is  a 
comm.  &  market  town,  dep.  Oise,  8  m. 
S.E.  Compiegne.     P.  1,510. 

Piehrefort,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Cantal,  19  m.  E.S.E.  Auril- 
lac.     P.  1,275. 

Pierrelatte,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  DrOme,  8  m.  S.  Montelimar. 
P.  3,430. 

Pierrepont,  t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y., 
P.  1,459. 

Pietermaritzbueg,  the  cap.  vill.  of 
the  British  colonial  territory  of  Natal,  S. 
Africa,  50  m.  N.W.  Port  Natal. 

Pietole,  a  vill.  &  fort  of  Lombardy,  2 
m.  S.E.  Mantua.     P.  1,000. 

Pietra,  a  prefix  to  the  names  of  small 

towns  of  Italy. 1.  Sardinian  sta.,  div. 

&  on  the  gulf  of  Genoa,  8  m.  N.N.E.  Al- 

.benga.     P.  2,056. II.  {P.-Abbondan- 

te),  Naples,  14  m.  N.E.  Isernia.  P.  2,000. 

III.  {P.-Camela),   12  in.  S.S.W.  Te- 

ramo.      P.   1,000. IV.   {Catella),    14 

m.    E.N.E.  Campobasso.     P.    3,000. • 

V.  {de  Fusi),  IJ  m.  N.E.  Montefusco.    P. 

4,300. VI.  {di  Monte-Corvino),  4m. 

S.S.E.  Castelnuovo.     P.  2,200. 

Pietrafesa,    &     Pietragalla,    two 

mkt.  towns  of  Naples. 1.  12  m.  S.W. 

Potenza.     P.   2,400. II.  8  m.  N.N.E. 

Potenza.  P.  4,000. — Pietralcina  is  a  mkt. 
town,  13  m.  W.N.AV.  Ariano.     P.  2,400. 

Pietramala,  a  vill.  of  Tuscany,  23  m. 
N.N.E.  Florence,  at  the  foot  of  Monte  di 
Fo,  in  the  Apennines.  Near  it  are  two 
remarkable  disengagements  of  gas,  one 

of  which  is   perpetually  burning. II. 

a  market  town  of  Naples,  near  the  coast 
S,  of  Ajello. — Pietra  Mellara  is  a  mkt. 
town,  11  m.  N.  Capua.     P.  1,600. 

Pietra  Moncorvino,  a  mkt.  town  of 
Naples,  17  m.  S.W.  Severo.     P.  3,000. 

PiETKA  Pertosa,  a  town  of  Naples,  16 
m.  E.S.E.  Potenza.     P.  3,000. 

Pietraperzia,  a  town  of  Sicily,  5  m. 
S.E.  Caltanisetta.  P.  8,500.  Near  it  are 
some  sulphur  miuos. — Pietra-rojd,  a 
market  town  of  Naples. 

Pietra  (Santa),  a  town  of  Tuscany, 
near  the  Mediferranean,  15  m.  N.W. 
Lucca.  •  P.  3,000. 

Pietra  (Stornina),  a  market  town  of 
Naples,  7  m.  N.W.  Avellino.  P.  2,600. 
— Pietro-Vairano  is  a  market  town,  16 
m.  N.  Capua.     P,  2,500. 


604 


CYCJLOP^DIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[pin 


PiEUX  (Les),  a  comtn.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Manehe,  12  m.  S.W.  Cher- 
bourg.    P.  1,641. 

PiEVE,  numerous  small  towns  &  vills. 

of  N.  &  Central   Italy. 1.   Sardinian 

dom.,    13  m.  N.W.   Oneglia.     Pop.  vrith. 

comm.    3,098. II.  {del   Cairo),    near 

the  Po,  14  m.  S.S.E.  Mortara.     P.  2,855. 

III.    {di    Cadore  )      [Caidore.] 

IV.  (d'Olmi),  Lombardy,  6  m.  S.E.  Cre- 
mona.   P.  2,600. V.  {Sj.nto-Stefano), 

a  market  town  of  Tuscany,   16  m.  N.E. 
Arezzo.     P.  3,000. 

Pig,  riyer,  Va.,  an  aiS.  of  the  Roanoke. 
L.  35  miles. 

Pigeon,  t.,  Vanderburgh  co.  la.  P. 
2,352. — Pigeon  islands,  Grecian  archip., 
are  4  m.  S.E:  Milo. 

PiGNA.  a  mkt.  town  of  Sardinia,  27  m. 
N.E.  Nice.     P.  2,770. 

PiGNANS,  a  comm  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Var,  10  m.  S.E.  Brignolles. 
P.  2,166. 

Pike,  N.E.  co.  Pa.     Area,  720  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Milford.     P.  5,881. II.  a  central 

CO.  Ga.     Area,  470  sq.  m.     Cap.  Zebulon. 

P.  14,305. III.  S.E.   CO.  Ala.     Area, 

l,100.sq.  m.     Cap.  Troy.     P.  15,920. 

IV.   S.W.   CO.   Miss.      Area,   864  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Holmesville.     P.  7,360. V.  S.E, 

CO.  Ky.     Area,  400  sq.  m.     Cap.  Piketon. 

P.  5,365. VI.  S.  CO.  0.     Area,  421  sq. 

m.    Cap.  Chillicothe.    P.  10,119. VII. 

S.W.  CO.  la.     Area,  325  sq.  m.     Cap.  Pe- 
tersburg.    P.  7,720. VIII.  W.  CO.  111. 

Area,  800  sq.  m.    Cap.  Pittsfield.    P.  18,- 

819. IX.  N.E.  CO.  Mo.      Area,  720  sq. 

m.    Cap.  Bowling  Green.    P.  13,609. 

X.  S.W.  CO.  Ark.'    Area,  500  sq.  m.    Cap. 

Murfreesboro'.     P.    1,861. XI.   p-t., 

Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.     P.  2,176. XII. 

p-t.  Bradford  CO.  Pa.  P.  1,518. XIII. 

t.,    Perry  co.  0.     P.    1,668. XIV.  t., 

Clarke  co.  0.     P.  1,436. XV.>,.,  Cos- 
hocton  CO.   0.      P.    1,115. XVI.    t, 

Knox  CO.  0.     P.  1,248.^ XVII.  Stark 

CO.  0.     P.  1,409. 

Pike  Run,  p-t.,  Washington  co.  Pa. 
P.  2,187. 

Piketon,   p-v.,   cap.  Pike  co.  0.      P. 

300. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Pike  co.  Ky.     P. 

100. 

PiKEViLLE,  p-v.,  cap.  Marion  co.  Ala. 

II.  p-v.,  cap.  Bledsoe  co.  Tean.     P. 

200. 

Pilao-Arcado,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on 
the  river  San  Francisco.     P.  5,000. 

Pilar,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
river,  &  50  m.  W.  the  "city  of  Parahiba. 
P.  3,400. —  Cape  de  los  Pilares  is  the 
N.W.  extremity  of  Tierra  del  Fuego. 

PiLAs,  a  town  of  Spain,  18  m.  W.S.W. 


I  Sevilla.     P.  2,411. II.  one  of  the  Soo- 

loo  islands,  Asiatic  archipelago,  W.  Ba- 
I  silan. 

j       Pilate  (Mount),  a  branch  of  the  Alps, 
5  m.  S.W.  Lucerne,  &  6,998  ft.  above  the 

I  sea. II.  a  mountain  of  France,  in  the 

!  Cevennes  chain,  3,517  feet  in  height. 
I  PiLCOMAYO,  a  river  of  S.  Amer.,  Boli- 
via &  Plata  confed.,  rises  near  Chuqui- 
saca,  flows  S.E.  through  the  Llanos,  & 
joins  the  Paraguay,  by  two  arm.=!,  enclo- 
sing a  marshy  island,  150  m.  in  length. 
Total  course  estim.  at  1,000  miles. 

Piles  Grove,  t.,  Salem  co.  N.  J.  P. 
2,477.  '_ 

PiEGRAM,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  25  m. 
E.N.E.  Tabor.     P.  3,200. 

Pilica,  or  PiLiTZA,  a  town  of  Poland, 
on  the  Pilica,  an  affl.  of  the  Vistula,  33 
m.  N.N.W.  Cracow.     P.  3,000. 

Pillar  (Cape,)  the  most  S.E.  head- 
land of  Tasman's  peninsula,  Van  Die- 
men's  Land. 

Pillau,  a  marit.  town  of  E.  Prussia, 
25  m.  W.  Konigsberg.     P.  2,720. 

PiLLiBHEET,  a  town  of  British  India, 
30  m.  N.E.Bareily. 

Pilling,  a  township  of  Engl.,  co.  Lan- 
caster, 6  miles  W.N.W.  Garstang.  P. 
1,232. 

PiLLKALLEN,  a  town  of  B.  Prussia,  18 
m.  N.E.  Gumbinnen.     P.  1,686. 

PiLNiTZ,  a  vill.  of  Saxony,  on  the  1.  b. 
of  the  Elbe,  6  m.  S.E.  Dresden. 

Pilot  Island,  at  the  entrance  of  the 
Red  sea,  is  between  the  Arabian  coast  & 
the  isl.  Perim. 

PiLSEN  (Neu),  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on 
the  Beraun,  52  ni.  W.S.W.  Prague.  P. 
9,798.  It  is  one  of  the  best  built  &  most 
important  commercial  towns  in  the  king- 
dom. 

PiLSNo,  a  town  of  Austr.  Poland,  Gali- 
cia,  &  12  m.  E.  Tarnow,  on  the  Wisloka 
P.  1,560. 

PiMLico,  a  suburb  of  the  British  me- 
tropolis, CO.  Middlesex,  2i  m.  W.S.W.  St. 
Paul's,  London. 

Pina,  a  town  of  Spain,  23  m.  S.E.  Za- 
ragoza.     P..  1,790. 

PiNAscA,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  Piedmont, 
7  m.  N.W.  Pineralo.     P.  2,737. 

PiNCKNEvviLLE,  p-v.,  cap.  Perry  co. 
Illinois. 

PiNozow,  a  town  of  Poland,  24  m. 
S.S.W.  Kielce,  on  the  Nidda.    P.  4,300. 

Pind-Dadun-Khan,  a  town  of  the 
Punjab,  near  the  Jhylum,  110  m.  N.W. 
Lahore.  P.  6,000.  Houses  mostly  built 
of  earth,  in  cedar  frame-work.  It  is  a 
depot  for  salt,  about  40,000  tons  of  which 
are  annnally  raised  from  adjacent  mines, 


^ 


pie] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTKER. 


eas 


yielding  to  the  gov.  a  revenue  of  160,- 
OOOZ.  a  year. 

PiNDUS,  a  mountain  chain  of  European 
Turkey,  between  Albania  &,  Thessaly. 
The  highest  point,  8,950  feet  high. 

Pine,  t.,  Alleghany  co.  Pa.     P.  1,770. 

Pine  Bluff,  pv.,  cap.  Jefferson  co. 
Ark.     P.  200. 

Pine  Creek,  Pa.,  runs  into  a  br.  of 
the  Susquehanna  r.     Nav.  60  m. 

PiNEGA,  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the 
Dvina,     12    miles     E.S.E.    Kholmogori. 

L.  290  m. II.  a  tuwn,  gov.  &  93  m. 

ES.B.  Archangel,  on  the  Pinega.  P. 
1,500. 

Pine  Grove,  p-t.,  Schuylkill  co.  Pa. 
P.  1,605. 

Pine  Plains,  p-t.,  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  1,416. 

Pinerolo,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Sardi- 
nian dom ,  21  m.  S.W.  Turin.    P.  13,401. 

Pines  (Isle  of).  New  Hebrides  group, 
Pacific  ocean,  42  m.  in  oircuin. 

Piney,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Aube,  11  m.  N.E.  Troyes. 
P.  1,550. 

Ping,  a  prefix  of  the  names  of  numer- 
ous Chinese  cities. 1.  {P.-Hoi),  prov. 

Quang-tong,  on   Harlem    bay,  83   miles 

E.N.E.    Macao. II.    (Lian'g),    prov. 

Kan-su,    cap.   dep. III.    (Lo),    prov. 

Quang-si,   180  m.  W.N.W.   Canton. 

IV.  (Yang),  prov.  Shan-si,  135  m.  S.W. 

Tai-Yuen. V.    {Yuen),    prov.    Kvvi- 

tchou,  cap.  dep.  Fine  tea  is  raised  in  its 
vicinity. 

Pinhel,  a  town  of  Portugal,  cap.  Co- 
marca,  8  m.  N.W.  Almeida.  P.  2,300. 
— Pinheiro  de  Bemposta  is  a  market 
town,  40  m.  N.W.  Coimbra.     P.  1,200. 

Pink,  a  tnshp.  of  Pa.,  co.  Wayne.  P. 
1,610. 

PiNKAFELD,  a  mkt.  town  of  W.  Hun- 
gary, on  the  Pinka,  20  m.  W.  Giins.  P. 
4,000. 

PiNNE.  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  29 
m.  W.N.W.  Posen.     P.  2,000. 

PiNNEBERG,  a  small  town  of  Denmark, 
duchy  Holstein,  11  m.  N.W.  Hamburg. 
P.  1,100. 

PiNOs  PuENTE,  a  mkt.  town  of  Spain, 
11  m.  N.W.  Granada.     P.  2,605. 

PiNSK,  a  town  of  Russia,  143  miles 
S.S.W.  Minsk.     P.  5,300. 

PiNTLALA,  r.,  Ala.,  enters  the  Ala.  r. 

PiNYAREE,  a  branch  of  the  river  Indus, 
inters  the  ocean  by  the  Sir  Mouth. 

PiOLENC,  a  comtn.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Vaucluse,  4  m.  N.W.  Orange, 
P.  1,900. 

PiOMuiNO,  a  marit.  town  of  Tuscany, 
prov.  Pisa,  on  the  Mediterranean,  12  m. 


W.  Follonica.  P.  1,300.— 2%e  channel 
of  Piomhino,  between  the  town  &  Elba, 
is  6  ra.  across. 

PiONNAT,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Creuze,  23  miles  N.W.  Riom.  P. 
2,426. 

PiONSAT,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Puy-de-Dome,  29  m.  N.W.  Clermont. 
P.  1,630. 

'Piove-di-Sacco,  a  vill.  of  Austrian 
Italy,  on  the  Brenta  canal,  17  m.  S.W. 
Venice.     P.  5,400. 

PiPERNO,  a  town  of  S.  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.,  15  m.  S.W.  Frosinone.     P.  3,700. 

PiPLY,  two  towns  of  British  India,  pre- 

sid.  Bengal. 1.  27  m.  S.  Cuttack. 

II.  93  m.  S.W.  Calcutta. 

Pipriac,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  lUe-et-Vilaine,  13  m.  N.E.  Redon. 
P.  3,150. 

PiQUA,  p-v.  Miami  co.  0.,  73  m.  W. 
Columbus.     P.  1,481. 

PiRACRUCA,  a  small  town  of  Brazil, 
prov.  Piauhi,  85  miles  S.  Parnahiba.  P. 
2,000. 

PiRjEus,  Oreece,  Attica,  is  the  port  of 
Athens,  &  5  m.  S.AV.  that  city,  with 
which  it  communicates  by  a  macadamized 
road.  The  modern  town,  wholly  built 
since  1834,  is  on  an  isthmus  connecting 
with  the  mainland  a  hilly  peninsula,  on 
which  are  the  remains  of  the  tomb  of 
Themistocles.  It  contained,  in  1845, 
about  1,000  houses. 

PiRAHi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  52  miles 
W.N.W.  Rio-de-Janeiro,  on  the  rt.  b.  of 
river  Pirahi.     P.  3,000. 

PiRAiNO,  a.  town  of  Sicily,  6  miles 
W.N.W.  Patti.     P.  3,900. 

PiRANGA,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  Pi- 
ranga,  20  m.  S.E.  Mariana.     P.  15,000. 

PiRANO,  a  seaport  town  of  Istria,  on  tho 
gulf,  13  m.  S.W.  Triest.     P.  6,250. 

PiRARA,  a  vill.  of  British  Guiana,  at 
the  E.  end  of  Lake  Amucu. 

Pirate  Islands,  a  group  in  the  gulf 
of  Tonquin,  Chinese  sea. 

PiRATiNiM,  a  town  of  Brazil,  Rio 
Grande,  on  1.  b.  of  river  Piratinim,  75  m. 
W.N.W.  Rio  Grande.     P.  3,673. 

PiRiATiN,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Pol- 
tava, on  the  Udai,  26  m.  N.W.  Lubny. 
P.  2,790. 

PiffiTu,  a  marit.  town  of  S.  America, 
Venezuela,  dep.  Caracas,  22  m.  S.W. 
Barcelona. 

PiRMASENs,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bava- 
ria, 13  m.  E  S  E.  Deux  Fonts.     P.  5,596. 

PinNi,  a  forlified  town  of  Saxony,  11 
m.  S.E.  Dresden.     P.  5,901. 

PiRNiTZ,  a  toivn  of  Moravia,  circ.  & 
7  m.  S.E.  Igbiu.     P.  3,470. 


e06 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    OEOGBAPHr. 


[pit 


Pir-Jelalpoor,  a  town  of  the  Pun- 
jab, near  the  confl.  of  the  Gbara  (Sut- 
leje)  &  Chenab,  40  m.  S.  Mnoltan. 

Pisa,  a  walled  city  of  Tuscany,  cap. 
prov.,  in  a  marshy  but  fertile  plain,  on 
the  Arno,  7  m.  from  its  mouth,  &  12  m. 
N.N.E.  Leghorn.  P.  22,000.  It  is  about 
5  m.  in  circ,  irregularly  laid  out,  but  its 
streets  are  wide,  &  it  has  many  noble 
edifices.  The  Arno,  wifcliin  the  city,  is 
bordered  by  fine  quays,  lined  on  cither 
side  by  a  majestic  thoroughfare  {Lungo 
I'Arno),  &  crossed  by  4  bridges,  one  of 
whioli,  built  of  marble,  is  among  the 
finest  in  Europe.  In  one  of  its  squares 
are  the  famous  Campanile,  or  leaning 
tower,  178  feet  in  height,  50  feet  in  di- 
ameter, &  the  topmost  story  overhanging 
the  base  about  13  ft. ;  &  the  celebrated 
cemetery  of  Campo-santo,  adorned  by 
sepulchral  monuments^  &  containing  a 
huge  mound  of  earth  brought  from  the 
Holy  Land  in  the  12th  century,  &  for- 
merly used  for  a  mausoleum  ;  tlie  bap- 
tistry, a  polygonal  building,  160  feet  in 
diameter ;  and  the  cathedral — all  of 
which  are  striking  marble  edifices.  The 
anc.  university  of  Pisa  is  still  the  great 
centre  of  education  in  Tuscany,  &  has  an 
extensive  library,  museums  of  natural 
history,  an  astronomical  observatory,  & 
a  botanic  garden.  3  m.  S.  of  Pisa  are 
the  dairy  farms  of  the  grand  duke,  where 
1,500  cows  &  200  camels  are  kept.  3J 
m.  N.  are  the  Bagni  di  Pisa,  medicinal 
baths,  frequented  in  summer  by  many 
visitors.  Pisa  was  one  of  the  12  princip. 
cities  of  Etruria. 

PisANG,  two  islands  of  the  Asiatic 
archipelago. 

PisANiA,  a  vill.  &  British  factory  of 
W.  Africa,  on  the  Gambia,  200  m.  from 
its  mouth. 

PiscATAQUA,  a  river,  forming  the 
boundary  between  New  Hampshire  & 
Maine,  &  after  a  course  of  40  m.  joins 
the  Atlantic  below  Portsmouth,  where  it 
forms  oae-of  the  best  harbors  in  the  U. 
States. 

Piscataquis,  r..  Me.,  a  br.  of  the  Pe- 
nobscot.    P.  65  m. II.  N.  CO.  Maine. 

Cap.  Dover.     P.  14,735. 

Piscataway,  t.,  Middlesex  co.  N.  J. 
P.  2,828. 

PisciANO,  a  town  of  Italy,  Pontif.  sta., 
26  m.  E.  Rome.     P.  1,230. 

PiscioTTA,  a  town  of  Naples,  9  m.  S. 
II  Vallo,  on  the  Mediterranean,  with 
2,300  inhabs. 

Pisco,  a  marit.  town  .of  Peru,  130  m. 
S.S.B.  Lima. 

Piscopi,    an   ial    off  the  W.  coast  of 


Asia-Minor. II.  a  marit.  vill.  of  Cy- 
prus, on  its  S.  coast,  24  m.  E.  Baffa. 

PisEco,  lake,  Hamilton  co.  N.  Y.  L. 
6  m.,  br.  2  m. 

PisEK,  or  PisEoA,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
on  the  Watawa,  24  m.  W.S.W.  Tabor. 
P.  5,446. 

PisiNO,  a  town  of  lUyrja,  in  its  centre, 
34  m.  S.E.  Triest.     P.  1,615. 

PisoGNE,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy,  23 
m.  E.N.E.  Bergamo,  at  the  N.E.  extrem- 
ity of  L.  Iseo.     P.  1,410. 

PissEvACHE,  a  famous  waterfall  of 
Switzerland. 

PisTicci,  town  of  Naples,  19  m.  S. 
Matera,  with  6,200  inhabs. 

PisTOJA,  a  town  of  Tuscany,  20  m. 
N.W.  Florence,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Ombrone. 
P.  12,387.  It  is  enclosed  by  ramparts  & 
bastions,  defended  by  a  strong  citadel,  & 
well  built,  having  wide  streets,  lined  by 
antique  houses.  Pistoja  claims  the  in- 
vention &  first  manufacture  of  pistols,  & 
it  has  still  considerable  manuls.  of  fire- 
arms, fine  cutlery,  <fe  surgical  instruments. 

PisuERGA,  a  river  of  Spain,  Old  Cas- 
tile, rises  in  the  Cantabrian  nintns.,  & 
joins  the  Douro.     L.  140  m. 

PiTCAiRN  Island,  a  solitary  island  in 
the  Pacific  ocean,  lat.  25°  3'  6"  S.,  Ion. 
130°  8'  00"  W.,  about  7  m.  in  circumf, 
elevated  in  the  centre,  with  a  peak  at 
each  extremity,  greatest  height,  1,040 
ft.;  of  volcanic  origin.  Soil  fertile,  but 
porous,  &  rather  defective  in  water  ;  well 
wooded,  &  climate  healthful  ;  thermome- 
ter ranging  from  59°  to  89°  Fahr.  It  is 
surrounded  by  rocky  shores  &  has  only 
one  aeces.  landing  place  at  Bounty  bay. 
The  isl.  contained  no  indigenous  quadru- 
peds, but  goats,  hogs,  &  poultr}',  have  been 
imported.  In  1790,  this  isl.  was  resort- 
ed to  by  the  mutineers  of  the  Bounty, 
consisting  of  9  British  sailors,  6  native 
Tahitian  men,  &  12  women.  In  conse- 
quence of  various  discords  &  massacres, 
at  the  end  of  10  years,  there  remained 
only  one  Englishman,  Adams,  the  Tahi- 
tian females,  &  19  children,  their  off- 
spring. In  1849,  the  pop.  amounted  to 
75  males,  &  74  females,  in  all  149.  The 
average  number  of  ships  which  annually 
visit  the  island  has  been  for  some  years 
about  10,  chiefly  American  whalers,  to 
whom  provisions  are  supplied,  in  ex- 
change for  clothing,  &c.  The  islanders 
speak  &  read  the  English  language,  are 
of  an  active,  robust  frame  of  body,  dark 
complexion,  with  pleasing  countenances, 
&  hospitable  &  engaging  dispositions. 

Pitcher,  p-t.,  Chenango  co  N.  Y.  P. 
1,403. 


pla] 


CNIVERSAL    OAZETTEKR. 


607 


PiTEA,  a  river  of  N.  Sweden,  enters 
the  gulf  of  Bothnia  near  Pitea.  L.  180 
miles. 

Pitea,  the  most  N.  &  largest  Isen  or 
pvov.  of  Sweden,  having  W.  &  N.  the 
Kiolen  mntns.  Area,  32,950  sq.  m.  P. 
46,767. 

Pitea,  a  seaport  town  of  N.  Sweden, 
en  the  Pitea,  110  m.  N.N.E.  Umea.  P. 
1,400. 

PiTHiviERS,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Loiret,  23  m.  N.E.  Orleans.  P. 
3,803. 

PiTic,  a  town  of  the  Mexican  eonfed., 
dcp.  &  on  the  Soaora,  95  miles  S.W. 
Arispe.. 

PiTiGLiANO,  a  town  of  Tuscany,  29  m. 
E.S.E.  Grosetto.     P.  2,000. 

PiTHE,  an  islet  in  the  Little  Cul-de- 
Sac,  a  bay  of  Guadeloupe,  French  W. 
Indies,  S.  Point-a-Pitre. — Pitres  is  a 
coram.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Eure,  7  m. 
N.N.E   Louviers.     P.  1,026.   _ 

PiTscHEN,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
33  m.  N.N.E.  Oppeln.     P.  1,950. 

Pitt,  an  E.  co.  N.  C.     Area,  800  sq. 

m.     Cap.  Greenville.      P.  13.397. II. 

t.j  Alleghany  co.  Pa.'    P.  6,002. 

Pittenweem,  a  seaport  town  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  Fife,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the 
firth  of  Forth,  24  m.  N.N.E.  Edinburgh. 

Pitthem,  a  town  of  Belgium,  15  miles 
S.E.  Bruges.     P.  with  comm.  5,409. 

Pitt's  Archipelago,  in  the  Pacific 
ocean,  off  tlie  coast  of  British  N.  Amer., 
is  mostly  between  lat.  53°  &  54°  N.,  Ion. 
130°  W.  Pitt's  isl.,  the  largest  of  the 
group,  is  about  75  m.  in  length,  N.W.  to 
S.E. — ^Several  other  isls..  Pacific,  have 
this  name. — Pitt's  strait,  Asiatic  archi- 
pelago, is  between  the  islands  Salawatty 
&  Battanta,  off  the  N.W.  end  of  Papua. 

Pittsborough,  p-v.,  cap.,  Chatham  co. 
N.  C.     P.  300. 

Pittsburgh,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  & 
important  manuf.  town  of  Penn.,  in  its  W. 
part  on  a  triangular  plain,  formed  by  the 
Monongahela  &  Alleghany  rivs.,  at  their 
confl.  to  form  the  0.,  &  each  here  crossed 
by  abridge,  50  m.  N.E.  Wheeling,  on  the 
0.  It  is  compactly  &  well  built,  but  black- 
ened by  smoke,  it  being  the  "Birmingham 
of  the  U.  States."  P.  46,601.  The  town 
is  supplied  with  water  by  steam  power 
from  the  Alleghany.  Its  chief  harbor  is 
on  the  Monongahela.  Coal  is  abundant 
in  its  vicinity,  &  besides  ironmongery  of 
every  description,  including  steam-en- 
gines, &  machiner}',  cutlery,  nails, 
stoves,  &  arms ;  it  has  extensive  manu- 
factures of  glass,  woollen  &  cotton  stuffs, 
leather,  paints,  &  drugs,  with  breweries. 


pulling,  saw  &  oil  mills.  The  commerce 
of  Pittsburgh,  from  its  unlimited  com- 
mand of  inland  navigation,  &  from  its 
being  connected  by  railway  with  the 
Great  Lakes,  Philadelphia,  &c.,  is  very 
extensive.  Ship-building,  especially  for 
steamers,  is  carried  on  here  upon  a  very 
large  scale,  &  most  of  the  machinery  for 
the  Mississippi  steamboats  is  made  at 
Pittsburgh.  A  British  &  colonial  force, 
under  General  Braddock,  sustained  a 
total  defeat  near  here  in  1755. 

Pittsfield,   t.,  Somerset  co.  Me.     P. 

1,000. II.  t,  Merrimac  co.  N.  H.     P. 

1,719. III.    t.,   Berkshire  co.  Mass., 

131  m.  W.  Boston.  P.  5,872.  The  v., 
near  the.centre,  is  the  largest  &  best  built 

in  the  co.     P.  2,60a IV.  p-t.,  Otsego 

CO.  N.  Y.  P.  1,591. V.  p-v.,  cap.  Pike 

CO.  111.     P.  200. 

PiTTSFORD,   t.,    Rutland   co.   Vt.      P. 

1,927. IL  p-t.  Monroe  CO.  N.  Y.    P. 

2,061. 

PiTTSGROVE,  p-t.,  Salem  co.  N.  J.  P. 
2,390 

PiTTSTON,  t.,  Kennebec  co.  Me.  P. 
2,400. 

PiTTSTOwN,  p-t.,  Rensselaer  co.  N.  T. 
P.  3,732. 

Pittsylvania,  a  southern  county,  Va. 

Area,  891  sq.  m.  P.  28,796. II.  c.h., 

the  cap.  is  162  m.W.S.W.  Richmond.  P. 
250. 

Piura,  a  town  of  N.  Peru,  dep.  Trux- 
illo,  cap.  prov.,  on  the  Piura,  120  miles 
N.N.W.  Lambayeque. — The  river  Piura 
enters  the  Pacific  after  a  W.  course  of 
about  120  m. 

PiVNiczNA,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia,  13  m.  S.  Nowi-Sandee.  P.  2,156. 

Pizzighettone,  a  fortified  town  of 
Austrian  Italy,  Lombardy,  12  m.  W.N.W. 
Cremona,  on  the  navig.  river  Adda.  P. 
4,000. 

Pizzo,  a  city  of  Naples,  5  m.  N.N.E. 
Monteleone,  with  5,700  inhabs. 

PizzoLi,  a  town  of  Naples,  6  miles 
N.N.W.  Aquila.     P.  3,200. 

pLABENNEc,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Finistere,  9  m.  N.N.E. 
Brest.     P.  3,555. 

Placanica,  a  town  of  Naples,  16  m. 
N.E.  Gerace.     P.  2,000. 

Placencia,  a  city  of  Spain,  prov.  Ca- 
ceres,  on  the  Gertes,  here  cros.sed  by  3 
bridges,  44  m.  N.W.  Almaraz.  P.  6,800. 
It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls  &  semicircular 
towers,  with  a  ruined  citarlel  on   the  N. 

It  has  many  substantial  edifices. II. 

a  town  on  tho  Deva,  23  m.  W.  San  Se- 
bastian.     P.  1,665. III.  (de  Xalon), 

21    m.  W.  Zaragoza,  on    the  Xalon. 


608 


CYCLOP^:UIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[PLA 


IV.  a  town  of  Newfoundland,  on  the  E. 
side  of  Placentia  bay,  70  m.  S.W.  St. 
John. — Placentia  bay  is  a  deep  inlet  on 
the  S.  coast  of  the  isl.,  75  m.  in  length, 
&  nearly  60  miles  in  breadth  at  its  en- 
trance. 

Pladda,  a  low  roeky  island  of  Scotl., 
in  the  firth  of  Clyde. 

Plain,  t..  Stark  eo.  0.     P.  1,838- 

II.  p-t.,  Vfayne  co.  0.     P.  2,134. III. 

t.,  Franklin  eo.  0.     P.  1,264. 

Plaine,  a  river  of  France,  dep  Vosges, 

joins  the  Meurthe.  L.  25  m. II.  a  vill., 

dep.  Vosges,  13  m.  N.E.  St.  Diey.  P. 
1,935. 

Plaine-Haute,  a  conam.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Cutes-du-Nord.  P.  2,052. 
— Plainfaing  is  a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep. 
Vosges.     P.  3,788. 

Plainfield,  t.,  Sullivan  CO.  N.  H.     P. 

1,392. II.  t.,  Windham  co.  Conn.    P. 

2,383. III.  p-t.,  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.     P. 

1,450. IV.   t.,  Northampton   co.  Pa. 

P.  1,501. 

Plains  of  Abraham,  a  table-land  im- 
mediately S.W.  the  city  of  Quebec,  Lr. 
Canada.  Here  General  Wolfe  &,  Mont- 
calm, the  respective  commanders  of  the 
British  &  French  forces,  were  killed  in 
the  action,  18th  Sept.  1759. 

Plaisance,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Gens,  cap.  cant.,  26  miles  W.  Aueh.    'P. 

1,791. II.  a  vill.,  dep.  Aveyron.     P. 

1,757. 

Plan,  a  t.  of  Bohemia,  31  m.  W.N.W. 
Pilsen.     P.  3,939. 

Planchek-bas,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Saone,  10  m.  E.N.E. 
Lure.  P.  1,288. — Plancher  Iss  Mines  is 
a  vill.,  same  dep.,  arrond.  Lure.  P. 
1,480. 

Plancoet,  a  comm.  &  t.  of  France, 
dep.  Cutes-du-Nordj  9  m.  N.W.  Dinan. 
P.  767. — Pluncy  is  a  market  town,  dep. 
Aube,  8  m.  Yf .  Arcis.     P.  1,192. 

Planitz,  a  mkt.  town  of  Bohemia,  8 

m.  E.  Klattau.   'P.  1,600. II.  a  vill. 

of  Saxony,  3  m.  S.S.Vf.  Zwickau. 

Plaquemine,  bayou,  anoutlet  of  the 
Miss,  river,  8  m.  below  the  mouth  of  the 

Iberville. II.    S.E.   pa.  La.      Area, 

2,500  sq.  m.     P.  7,390. IIL  p-v.,  cap. 

Iberville,  pa.  La.     P.  250. 

Plaski,  a  village  of  Austrian  Croatia, 
military  frontier,  30  m.  S.S.W.  Carlstadt. 
P.  1,16'4. 

Plassey,  a  vill.  of  British  India,  83 
m.  N.  Calcutta. — Plassia  is  a  vill.  of 
N.W.  Hiudostan,  on  the  Sutleje. 

Plata,  termed  a  confederated  repub- 
lic of  S.  America,  between  lat.  22°  &  41° 
S.  Ion.,  54°  &  71°  30'  W.,  having  W.  the 


Andes  dividing  it  from  Chile  &  the  desert 
of  Atacama,  N.  Bolivia,  E.  Paraguay, 
Brazil,  &  Uruguay,  from  which  state  it  is 
separated  by  the  Paraguay,  Parana,  & 
Uruguay  rivers,  S.E.  the  Atlantic  ocean 
&  S.  Patagonia,  on  which  side  the  Rio 
Negro  forms  the  frontier.  Area,  726,- 
000  sq.  m.  P.  675,000.  Except  a  por- 
tion of  the  Pampas,  which  is  watered  by 
the  Rio  Negro,  Colorado,  &  Desaguadero 
rivers,  nearly  all  the  country  belongs  to 
the  basin  of  the  Plata  river,  the  great 
estuary  of  which  is  between  this  territory 
&  Uruguay.  There  are  two  immense 
plains, — the  N.  forming  part  of  the  Gran 
Chaco  which  extends  into  the  E.  half  of 
Bolivia;  &  S.  or  Pampas,  a  plain  covered 
alternately  with  luxuriant  pasturage, 
vast  crops  of  gigantic  thistles,  &  inter- 
spersed with  a  multitude  of  salt  lakes, 
some  of  large  size.  By  far  the  most 
important  product  is  cattle.  Millions  of 
oxen  wander  at  large  across  the  plains, 
or  are  reared  on  breeding  estates  of  vast 
extent.  Horses  are  also  in  immense 
herds,  &  mules  are  bred  for  sale  to  Peru- 
vian &  other  traders.  The  guanaco, 
llama,  &  vicuna,  abound  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  Andes  :  &  the  native  animals  eotn- 
prise  the  puma,  jaguar,  &  armadillo,  & 
the^biscacha,  the-  burrowings  of  which 
render  excursions  in  the  Pampas  some- 
times dangerous.  Products  are  cochi- 
neal, cocoa,  madder,  cinchona  bark,  Par- 
aguay tea,  &  some  introduced  by  Euro- 
peans, have  been  found  to  flourish  satis- 
factorily. In  the  dep.  La  Rioja,  from 
8,000  to  10,000  small  barrels  of  strong 
wine  are  made  annually  j  &  a  good  deal 
of  full-bodied  wine  &  brandy  is  furnished 
to  Buenos  Ayres  from  the  dep.  Mendoza. 
All  agricultural  processes,  however,  are 
in  the  most  backward  condition.  Salt 
effloresces  in  large  quantities  on  the  sur- 
face of  the  plains,  &  here  are  some  mines 
of  rock  salt.  Coal  is  reported  to  be  plen- 
tiful in  the  S.W.,  &  sulphur,  alum,  min- 
eral, pitch,  &c.,  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
Andes ;  but  few,  if  any,  mines  are 
wrought.  The  foreign  trade  is  wholly 
monopolized  by  Buenos  Ayres.  The  dic- 
tatorship of  Rosas  was  followed  by  that 
of  Urquiza,  who  has  in  turn  been  shorn 
cf  his  authority.  There  is  at  present  a 
provisional  government.  The  country 
was  discovered  in  1517,  &  settled  in  1553 
by  the  Spaniards,  under  whom  it  was 
created  into  a  vice-royalty.  The  English 
made  an  unsuccessful  attempt  on  it  in 
1807.  Its  independence  of  Spain  dates 
from  1816. 

Plata  (Rio  de  La),  one  of  the  groal 


plb] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


6cr« 


rivers,  or  rather  a  great  estuary  of  S. 
America,  Plata  confed.,  formed  by  the 
junction  of  the  Parana  &  Uruguay  rivers, 
in  lat.  34°  S.,  Ion.  58°  30'  W.  The  estu- 
ary resulting  from  their  union  is  200  m. 
in  length  N.W.  to  S.E.,  &  where  it  joins 
the  Atlantic  ocean,  is  170  m.  across  ;  its 
centre  being  about  lat.  3.5°  30'  S.,  loa. 
56°  W.  Its  rauddy  waters  can  be  traced 
in  the  ocean  200  miles  from  its  mouth, 
^he  total  length  of  the  Plata  &  the  Pa- 
raguay, 2,500  m.;  for  at  least  1,250  m., 
there  is  a  continuous  &  safe  navigation 
for  vessels  of  300  tons. 

Plata  (La),  a  town  of  S.  America, 
New  Granada,  dep.  Cundinamarca,  62  m. 
S.S.W.  of  Neyva,  on  an  affl.  of  the  Mag- 
dalena. — Plata  is  an  island.  Pacific  ocean, 
off  the  coast  of  Ecuador,  20  m.  S.W. 
Cape  San  Lorenzo. 

PLAT.EA,  a  ruined  city  of  Greece,  its 
remains  on  the  W.  slope  of  Mount  Cithse- 
ron,  7  m.  S.W.  Thebes.  Near  it,  b.c.  479, 
the  Greeks  under  Pausanias  totally  de- 
feated" &  nearly  annihilated  the  grand 
Persian  army  under  Mardonius. 

Platamona,  a  marit.  town  of  Europ. 
Turkey,  Thessaly,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the 
gulfof  Salonica.     P.  1,500. 

Platana,  a  small  marit.  town  of  Asia- 
Minor,  7  m.  W.  Trebizond,  with'  a  road- 
stead which  is  the  winter  anchorage  of 
large  ships  trading  to  that  port. 

Platani,  a  river  of  Sicily,  enters  the 
Mediterr.     L.  60  miles. 

Plate,  a.  town  of  Prussian  Pomerania, 
37  m.  N.E.  Stettin,  on    the    Rega.      P. 

1,740. II.  a  vill.,  grand  duchy  Meck- 

lenburg-Schwerin,  6  m.  S.S  E.  Schwerin. 

Platel,  a  mkt.  town  of  Piussian  Po- 
land, 15  m.  W.N.W.  Telsh.     P.  1,500. 

Plato,  a  vill.  of  S.  America,  New 
Granada,  12  miles  S.S.B.  Tenerife.  P. 
2,000. 

Platte,  river,  in  the  U.  S.,  W.  terri- 
tory, rises  in  the  Rocky  mntns.  by  two 
principal  heads,  &  joins  the  Missouri  near 
Ion.  95°  40'  W.  Total  course  600  miles, 
breadth  in  its  lower  part  from  1  to  3  m. 
It  is  full  of  islands,  &  too  shallow  &  rapid 
for  safe  navigation. — The  Little  Platte 
river  joins  the  Missouri  nearly  opposite 
the  Kansas.     L.  50  miles. 

Plattb,  N.W.  CO.  Me.  Area,  420  sq. 
m.     P.  16,345. — Platte  city,  Wiq  cap.  is 

on  the  W.  side  of  Little  Platte  riv. II. 

N  E.  CO.  111.  Area  440  sq.  m.  Cap. 
Monticello.     P.  1,606. 

Plattekill,  p-t.,  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
1,998.     ■ 

Platten,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  14  m.  N. 
Elnbogen,  in  the  Erzgebirge.     P.  1,800. 
26* 


Platten  See,  a  lake  of  Hungary. 

Plattling,  a  market  town  of  Lower 
Bavaria,  on  the  Isar,  16  m.  S.E.  Strau- 
bing.     P.  2,019. 

Plattsburg,  a  tnshp.  of  New  York, 
cap.  CO.  Clinton,  on  the  Saranac  riv.,  145 
m.  N.  Albany.  It  has  a  court  house, 
jail,  bank,  lyeeum,  academj',  several 
churches,  &  water  power  on  the  Saranac 
river,  which  here  has  several  falls.      P. 

5,618. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Clinton  co.  Mo. 

P.  300. 

Platz,  two  market  towns  of  Bohemia. 

1.  22  m.  E.N.E.  Budweis.     P.  1,323. 

IL  14  m.  N.W.  Saatz.     P.  1,323. 

Plau,  a  walled  town  of  N.  Germany, 
on  Lake  Plau,  37  m.  E.S.E.  Schwerin. 
P.  2,625. 

Plauen,  a  town  of  Saxonv,  on  1.  b. 
of  the  White  Elster,  61  m.  S.W.  Leipzig. 
P.  10,628. 

Plauzat,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Puy-de-Dume,  11  m.  S.  Clermont. 
P.  1,296. 

Plazac,,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Dordogne,  6  m.  W.S.W.  Montignac. 
P.  1,690. 

Pleasant,  t.,  Clark  co.  0.     P.  1,091. 

II.   t..   Brown  co.  0      P.  1,970. 

III.  p-t.,  Switzerland  co.  la.     P.  1,662. 

Pleasant  Valley,  p-t.,  Dutchess  co. 
N.  Y.     P.  2,226. 

Pleaux,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Franco, 
dep.  Cantal,  18  m.  N.W.  Aurillac.  P. 
1,516. 

PlechatSl,  acomm.  &town  of  France, 
dep.  Ille-et-Vilaine,  23  m.  N.E.  Redon. 
P.  2,331. 

Pledeliac,  aeomm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  C6tes-du-Nord,  14  m.  W.  Dinan.  P. 
2,024. 

Pledran,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Cotes-du-Nord,  4  m.  S.  St.  Brieuc 
P.  3,774. 

Pleidesheim,  a  market  town  ofWur- 
temberg.  3  m.  W.N.W.  Marbach.  P. 
1,464. 

Pleine-Fougeees,  a  comm.  <fc  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ille-et-Vilaine,  22  m.  E.S.E. 
St.  Malo.     P.  3,017. 

Pleisnitz,  a  market  town  of  N.  Hun- 
gary, 6  m.  N.N.E.  JJomor.     P.  2,102. 

Pleisse,  a  river  of  Saxony,  joins  the 
White  Elster.     L.  50  m. 

Plelan,  two  comms.  &  vills.  of  France. 

1,  dep.  Ille-et-Vilaine,  cap.  cant.,  20 

m.  W.S.W.  Rennes.  P.  3,283. II.  dep. 

Cotes-du-Nord,  cap.  cant.,  7  m.  W.  Dinan. 
P.  1,022. 

Plelo,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Cotes-du-Nord.     P.  4,025. 

Plemet,    a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 


610 


CVCLOr.KDIA     OK     C4K0GKAPHy. 


[PLO 


dep.   Cotes-du-Nord,    7   m.  E.   Loudeac. 
P.  2,920. 

Plemy,  a  oomm.  &  vill.  of  Fratice,  dep. 
CuteP-du-N-orcl.  12  m.  N.N.E.  Loudeac. 
P.  3,100. 

Plencia,  a  small  seaport  town  of 
Spain,  prov.  Biscay,  14  m.  N.W.  Bilbao. 
P.  1,193. 

Ples,  or  Pli-oss,  a  town  of  Russia,  30 
m.  S.E.  Kostroma,  on  the  Volga.  P. 
1,750. 

Pleschbn,  a  town  of  Prussia,  54  m. 
S.E.  Posen.     P.  5,086. 

Plessala  &f   Plesse,  two  mkt.  towns 

of  France. 1,  dep.  COtes-du-Nord.    P. 

3,521. II.  dep.  Loire  Inf.,   13  m.  N. 

Savenay.     P.  2,406. 

Plesse,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  63 
m.  S.E.  Oppeln.     P.  3,414. 

Plestchieivo,  a  small  lake  of  Russia, 
70  m.  'N.W.  Vladimir. 

Plestjn,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Cotes- du-'  ord,  9  m.  S.W.  Lannion. 
P.  1,066. 

Plettenberg,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Westphalia,  16  m.  S.S.W.  Arensberg.  P. 
1,675. — Plettenberg  bay,  Cape  Colony,  S. 
Africa. 

Pleumartin,  a  comm.  k  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Vienne,  12  m.  SE.  Chatel- 
lorault.     P.  1,272. 

Pleumeuh,  two  comms.  &  vills.  of 
France,  dep.  COtes-du-Nord,  each  with 
2,500  inhabs.— P/ewr<«i<  is  a  comm.  & 
vill.,  dep.  lUe-et-Vilaine,  5  ra.  S.W.  St. 
Malo.     P.  6,398. 

Pleyben,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Finistere,  16  m.  N.N.E. 
Quiraper.     P.  4,640. 

Pleyberchrist,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Finistere,  5  m.  S.S.W.  Mor- 
lai.T.     P.  3,166.     . 

Pleystein,  a  town,  Bavaria,  8  m. 
N.E.  Leuchtenberg.     P.  1,068. 

Pliego,  a  town  of  Spain,  22  m.  W. 
Marcia.     P.  3,004. 

PnENiNGBN,  a  vill.,  Wiirtemberg,  5 
m.  S.S.E.  Sfcultgart.     P.  2,267. 

Plinlimmon,  one  of  the  lofciest  mntns. 
of  Wales,  12  m.  from  W.  Cardigan  bay. 
Elev.  2,463  ft. 

Ploaghe,  a  vill.  of  tlio  isl.  Sartlini;!, 
11  m.  E  S.E.  Sassari.     P.  3,079. 

Plochingen,  a  vill.  of  Wijrtemberg, 
6  ra.  E.S.E.  Esslingon.     P.  1,759. 

Plock,  a  city  of  Poland,  on  the  Vis- 
tula, 58  m.  W.N.W.  Warsaw.     P.  6,000. 

Ploemeur,  a  coram.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Morbihan,  3  ui.  W.  Lorient. 
P.  6,993. 

Ploen,  or  Plon,  a  town  of  Denmark, 
dncliv    Holstoin,    on    a   narrow  isthmus 


below  the  great  &  little  Ploen  lakes,  17 
m.  S.E.  Kiel.  P.  2,700.— The  lake  of 
Ploen,  the  largest  in  Holstein,  is  about  7 
m.  in  length,  &  4  in  breadth. 

Ploerdut,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan,  15  m.  W.  Pontivy.  P. 
2,908. 

Ploermel,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan,  25  m.  N.E.  Vannes.  P. 
2,324. 

Ploeuc,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Cntes-du-Nord,  12  m.  S.  St.  Brieuc. 
P.  5,343. 

Ploezal,  a  comm.  &  vill  of  France, 
dep.  COtes-du-Nord,  11  miles  N.N.W. 
Guingamp.     P.  3,107. 

Plogoff,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Finistere.  23  m.  W.N.W.  Quimper. 
P.  1,507.  '  • 

Plombieres,  a  comm.,  town,  &  water- 
ing-place of  France,  dep.  Vosges,   14  ra. 

S.    Epinal.     P.    1,330. II.    a   market 

town,  dep.  COte  d'Or,  on  railw.  to  Lyon, 
3  m.  W.N.W.  Dijon.     P.  1,273. 

Plone,  a  river  of  Prussia,  joins  the 
Half,  after  a  N.  course  of  40  m. 

Plonsk,  a  town  of  Poland,  30  miles 
E.N.E.  Plock.     P.  3,700. 

Plou,  a  prefix  of  the  names  of  numer- 
ous comms.  &  Vills.  in  Brittany,  France, 

the    principal    being 1.   {Plouaret), 

cap.  cant.,  8   m.   S.   Lannion.     P.  5,245. 

IT.  (Plouasne),  dep.  Cotes-du-Nord, 

10   miles  S.  Dinan.      P.   3,016. IIL 

{Plouay),  dep.  Morbihan,  11  m.  N.  Lori- 
ent.    P.  4,047. IV.  (Ploubazlanec), 

dep.  COtes-du-Nord,  1  m.   N.N.E.  Paim- 

pol.     P.  3,306. V.  (Plouhezre),  2  m. 

S.  Lannion.     P.  3,346. VI.  {Ploudal- 

mezeau),   dep.   Finistere.   cap.  cant.,   13 

m.   N.N.W.  Brest.      P.   3,209. VII. 

(Ploudaniel) ,  14  m.  N.E.  Brest.  P.  3,506. 

VIII.  (Plouenan),  dep.   Finistere,  7 

m.   N.W.    Morlaix.      P.    3,19?f. IX. 

{Plouer),  dep.  COtes-du-Novd,  6  m.  N.E. 

Dinan.    P.  4,721. X.  {Plmiescat),  dep. 

Finistere,  cap.  cant.,  16  lu.  W.N.W.  Mor- 
laix.     P.  3,314. XI.  (Ploiizcc),  dep. 

COtes-du-Nord.  P.  4,074. XII.  {Plou- 

gastel  Paoulas).  dep.  Finistere,  6  m.  E. 

Brest.       P.  5,731. XIII.   (PLou^az- 

nou).  8  m.  N.iV.E.   Morlaix.     P.  3,817. 

-XIV.  (Plous^onvelin),  arrond.  Brest. 

P.    1,472. XV.    (Plouqouvev),  7  m. 

S.E.  Morlaix.  P.  4,634.— XVI.  (PZou- 
gouvet),  dep.  COtes-dii-Nord.     P.  3,591. 

XVII.  {Plouguenast'),  c;ip.  cant.,  16 

m.  S.  St.  Brieuc.      P.  3,622. XVIII. 

(Pluus'uerneau),  dep.  Finistere.  P.  5,31 1. 

XIX.   {Plouguernevel).   dep.  Cutog- 

du-Nord.      P.   3,452. XX.  (Plouha), 

13   m.   N.W.   SR   Brieuc.     P.  4,818. 


poc] 


XJNIVKRSAL    GAZETTEER. 


611 


XXI.   (Flouider),    dep.    Finistdre.      P. 

3,108. XXri.  (Plouigneau),  6  m.  E. 

Morlaix.     P.  4,930. XXIII.   {Plou- 

moguer),  dep.    Finist^re,   9  m.  W.N.W. 

Brest.      P.  1,818. XXIV.  {Plourin), 

dep.  Finistere,  4  m.  S.S.E.  Morlai.x.     P. 

3,070. XXV.   {Plouvorn),    9   m.  W. 

Morlaix.      P.   3,549. XXVI.  (P/ou- 

zane),  5  m.  W.  Brest.     P.  2,500. 

Plovesti,  a  town  of  Wallachia,  32  m. 
N.  Bucharest.     P.  3,000. 

Pludehhausen,  a  mkt.  town  of  Wur- 
temberg,  circ.  Jaxt,  on  the  Remo,  4'  m. 
W.  Lorch,  with  1,495  inhabitants,  &  an 
ancient  castle. 

Plum,  town,  Alleghany  eo.  Pa.  P. 
1,953. 

Plumb  Creek,  t.,  Armstrong  co.  Pa. 
P.  2,216. 

Plum  Island,  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y.,  1  m. 
E.  Oyster  Pond  point,  L.  I. 

Plume  (La),  a  comm.  &  town,  France, 
dep.  Lot-et-Garonne,  8  m..S.'W.  Agen. 
P.  1,707. — Ptumelec  is  a  comm.  &  vill., 
dep.  Morbihan,  13  m.  S.W.  Ploermel.  P. 
2,732. 

Plumeliau,  a  comm.  &  market  town- 
of  France,  dep.  Morbihan,  7  m.  S.  Pon- 
tii'y.     P.  4,200. 

Plumstead,  a  vill.  of  S.  Africa,  Cape 
Colony  &  dist.,  S.  Cape  Town. 

Plumstead,  p-t ,  Bucks  co.  Pa.  P. 
1,873. 

Pluneret,  a  comm.  &  market  town^of 
France,  dep.  Morbihaa,  19  m,  E.S.E. 
Lorient.     P.  2,150. 

Plungan,  a  market  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  13  m.  W.  Telsb.     P.  1,550. 

Pluvigner,  a  comm.  &  town,  France, 
dep.  Morbihan,  13  m.  N.AV.  Vannes.  P. 
1,202. 

Plymouth,  S.E.  co.  Mass.  Area,  600 
sq.  m.  P.  55,697. — Plymouth,  a'seaport 
&  cap.  of  the  above  co.,  38  m.  S.E.  Boston, 
&  the  oldest  town  in  New  England,  was 
settled  on  the  22d  of  December,  1620,  by 
101  who  fled  from  religious  persecution, 
first  to  Holland,  &  then  to  the  Xew 
World.  P.  6,024.  The  v.  is  well  built, 
has  a  spacious  harbor,  &  considerable 
nav.  employed  in  fishing. II.  t.,  semi- 
cap.  Grafton  CO.  N.  H.     P.  1,290. III. 

t.,  Windsor  co.-Vt.     P.  1,226. IV.  t, 

Litchfield  co.  Conn.  Celeb,  for  its  man- 
nfs.  of  clocks.  P.  2,.568. V.  p-t.,  Che- 
nango CO.  N.  T.     P.  1,551. VI.  p-t., 

Luzerne   co.  Pa.      P.   1,765. VII.  t., 

Montgomery  co.  Pa.     P.  1,417. VIII. 

p-v.,  cap.  Washington  co.  N.  C,  162  m. 

E.  Raleigh.      P.  800. IX.  p-v.,  cap. 

Marshall  co.  la. X.  p-t.,  Richland  co. 

Ohio. XI.  p-t.,  Wayno  co.  Mich.     P. 


2,163. XII.  a  seaport  town  &  naval 

station  in  England,  co.  Devon,  on  the  E. 
side  of  a  peninsula,  between  the  rivers 
Plym  &  Tamar,  at  the  head  of  Plymouth 
sound,  37  m.  S.W.  Exeter.  The  town  of 
Plymouth  stands  on  uneven  ground,  &  is 
irregularly  laid  out,  but  the  buildings 
have  a  substantial  appearance.  The 
dockyard  is  at  Devonport  (which  see),  & 
is  in  most  respects  similar  to  that  of 
Portsmouth.  Plymouth  harbor  is  double, 
consisting  of  the  Hamoaze,  or  mouth  of 
the  Tamar  opposite  Devonport,  adapted 
for  the  largest  ships  of  war  ;  &  the  Cat- 
water,  or  estuary  of  'the  Plym,  immedi- 
ately E.  Plymouth,  with  various  wet  & 
dry  docks,  now  chiefly  appropriated  to 
merchant-shipping.  Plymouth  has  a 
large  trade  with  London,  Bristol,  New- 
castle, Newport ;  it  imports  a  good  deal 
of  W.  India  colonial  produce,  '&  timber 
from  the  Baltic  &  N.  America.  Reg. 
shipping  of  port  394  vessels,  aggregate 
burthen  34,808  tons. — Plymoutk  sound 
is  an  inlet  of  the  English  channel,  be- 
tween the  counties  of  Devon  &  Cornwall. 
L.  3  m. ;  br.  4  m.  The  sound  has  been 
formed  into  an  excellent  naval  harbor 
by  the  Plymouth  breakwater,  a  granito 
&  marble  structure  built  across  its  en- 
trance, 1,700  yards  in  length,  16  do.  in 
width  at  top,  with  a  light-house  on  its 
W.  extremity. 

Po,  the  largest  river  of  Italy,  in  its  N. 
portion,  rises  in  Monte  Viso,  lat.  44°  38' 
N.,  Ion.  7°  10'  E.,  flows  at  "first  N.E.-ward, 
to  Turin,  where  it  makes  a  curve  E.S.E. 
for  about  45  m.,  then  turns  N.-ward  to 
receive  the  waters  of  the  Oglio,  &  thence 
flows  mostly  E.-ward  with  a  very  tortuous 
course  to  the  Adriatic,  which  it  enters  by^ 
several  mouths  between  lat.  44°  48'  & 
45°  1'  N.,  the  princip.  surnamed  the  Po 
della  Maestra,  della  Tolla,  di  Goro,  &  di 
Volano  Total  estim.  length  340  m.,  of 
which  about  280  m.  are  navig.  for  large 
barges  &. river  steamers. 

Poboleda,  a  town  of  Spain,  25  miles 
W.N.W.  Tarragona.     P.  1,758. 

Pocahontas,  a  N.Yv''.  co.  Va.  Area, 
710  sq.  m.  Cap.  Huntersville.  P.  3,593. 
II.  p-v.,  cap.  Randolph  co.  Ark. 

PocKLiNGTON,  a  market  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  &  13  m.  E.S.E.  York,  in  the  E. 
Riding.     P.  16,096. 

PocoMOKE,  a  river.  Pa.,  rises  in  Cy- 
press swamp  between  Maryland  &  Dela- 
ware, &  after  a  S.W.  course  of  45  m.  en- 
ters Pocomoke  bay,  an  arm  of  Chesapeake 
bay. 

Pocotalico,  river,  Virginia,  nn  afil. 
of  the  Groat  Kanawha  river.     L.  60  m. 


612 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY, 


[POL 


PocziNKA,  a  town  of  Russia,  116  m. 
S.S.E.  Nijnii  Novgorod.     P.  6,340. 

PoDENSAC,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Grironde,  on  I.  b.  of  the  Garonne,  16 
m.  S.E.  Bordeaux.     P.  1,677. 

PoDENzANO,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  7  m. 
S.  Piacenza.     P.  2,400. 

PoDGOEiTZA,  a  town  of  Europ.  Turkey, 
Albania,  38  m.  N.  Scutari.     P.  6,000. 

PoDGORZE,  a  small  town  of  Austrian 
Poland,  Galicia.    P.  1,997. 

Po  Di  Phpmaeo,  a  river  of  N.  Italy, 
Pontif.  states,  being  a  continuation  of 
the  Reno.     L.  120  m. 

PoDHAHD,  a  mkt.  town,  Bohemia,  5  m. 
N.N.AV.  Budweis,  on  the  Moldau.  P.  1,817. 

Podiebrad,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  4  m. 
S.E.  Nimburg.     P.  3,050. 

PoDOLiA,  a  gov.  of  Russian  Poland, 
having  W.  Galicia.  Area,  16,443  sq.  m. 
P.  1,703,000.  Surface  generally  level. 
Soil  fertile. 

Podolsk,  or  Podol;  a  town  of  Russia, 
20  m.  S.S.W.  Moscow.     P.  1,300. 

PoDOR,  a  vill.  &  fort  of  W.  Africa, 
Senegambia,  on  the  Senegal. 

PoDOROSK,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russi;*,  12 
m.  S.S:E.  Volkovisk.    P.  IfiOQ, 

Poel,  an  island,  N.  Germany,  gulf  of 
Liibeck,  Baltic,  cire.  &  4  m.  N.  Wismar. 
L.  &  br.,  5  m.  each. 

PoGAR,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  119  m. 
N.E.  Tchernigov.     P.  3,000. 

PoGGio-HEALE,  a  towu  of  Sicily,  32  m. 
S.E.  Trapani.     P.  3,200. 

PoGGY  Isle's  (North  &  South),  two 
contiguous  isls.  of  the  Malay  arcbip.,  & 
60  m.  S.W.  Sumatra. 

PoGiTEL,  afortfd.  vill.,  Herzegovina,  on 
1.  b.  of  the  Narente,  16  m.  S.S.W.  Mostar. 

PoGiR,  a  market  town  of  Russian  Po- 
land, 18  m.  N.W.  Vilkomirz.  P.  1,500. 

PotrOST,  three  market  towns  of  Russia, 

gov.  Minsk. 1.  28  m.  E.N.B.  Igumen. 

II.  18  m.  N.E.  Pinsk. III.  13  m. 

S.S.E.  Slutsk. 

Poinsett,  N.E.  co.  Ark.  Area,  1,350 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Bolivar.     P.  2,308. 

Point-a-Pitre  (La),  a  town  of  the 
French  W.  India  island  Guadeloupe,  on 
the  Little  Cul-de-sac,  IB  m.  N.E.  Basse- 
terre. P.  12,103.  It  was  nearly  de- 
stroyed by  an  earthquake  in  1843. 

Point-de-Galle,  a  fortified  seaport 
town  of  Ceylon,  on  a  peninsula  of  its  S. 
coast,  70  m.  S.E.  Colombo. 

Point  Coupee,  pa.  La.,  S.E.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state.     P.  11,339. 

Point  Coupee,  p-v.,  the  cap.  is  140  m. 
W.N.W.  N.  Orleans,  on  Mississippi  river. 

Point-Malcolm,  a  headland  on  the  S. 
coast  of  Australia. 


Point- Palmyra,  a  headland  &  small 
town  of  British  India,  in  the  bay  of  Ben- 
gal, 90  miles  S.W.  the  mouth  of  the 
Hooghly  river. 

Point-Pedro,  the  N.  extremity  of 
Ceylon. 

Point  Pleasant,  p-v.,  cap.  Mason  co. 
Va.     P.  300. 

Point-Romania,  the  S.E.  extremity 
of  the  Malay  peninsula. 

Poire,  a  comm.  &  market'town  of  W. 
France,  dep.  Vendee,  cap.  cant.,  7  m. 
N.W.  Napoleon  Vendee.     P.  3,543. 

Poirino,  a  market  town  of  N.  Italy, 
Piedmont,  14  m.  S.E.  Turin.  P.  with 
coram.  5,668. 

PoissY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Loire,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Seine, 
10  m.  N.N.AV.  Versailles.     P.  2J35. 

Poitiers,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
cap.  dep,  Vienne,  58  m.  S.S.W.  Tours. 
P.  22,647.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  & 
has  several  old  churches,  a  castle,  uni- 
versity, &  a  public  library  of  25,000  vols. 
Poitiers,  anciently  the  cap.  of  the  Pic- 
tones,  came  by  marriage  into  the  pos- 
session Qf  the  dukes  of  Normandy,  & 
was  for  three  centuries  attached  to  the 
crown  of  England.  It  was  the  scene  of 
a  signal  &  most  unexpected  victory, 
gained  Sept.  9,  1356,  over  the  French  by 
the  English. 

PoiTou,  an  old  prov.  of  France,  the 
cap.  of  which  was  Poitiers. 

Poix,  a  coram.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Nord,  14  m.  W.N.W.  Avesnes.    P.  2,057. 

-II.  a  comm.,  dep.  Somme,  15  m.  S.E. 

Amiens.     P.  1,056. 

PoKROv,  a  town  of  Russia,  52  miles 
W.S.W.  Vladimir.    P.  1,500. 

PoKROvsKAJA,  a  town  of  Russia,  4  m. 
S.E.  Saratov,  on  the  Volga,  with  1,500 
inhabitants  ;  &  large  magazines,  from 
100,000  to  110,000  poods  of  salt,  stored 
here  from  the  works  on  Lake  Elton. 

Pol  (St.),  a  comm  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Pas-de-Calais,  19  m.  W.N.W.  Arras. 
P.  3,374. 

PoLA,    two  towns  of  Spain. ^I.  de 

Lena,   13  m.   S.S.E.   Oviedo.     P.    1,228. 

II.  P.  de  Sieirro,  12  m.  S.E.  Oviedo. 

P.  1,542. 

Pol-de-Leon  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Finistere,  10  m.  N.W. 
Morlaix.     P.  6,655. 

PoLA,  a  decayed  marit.  town  of  II- 
lyria,  near  the  S.  extremity  of  the  pe- 
ninsula Istria,  19  m.  S.  S.E.  Rovigno.  P. 
924. 

Poland  (Kingdom  of),  a  country  of 
Europe,  annexed  to  Russia,  of  which  it 
forms   the  W.  portion,  comprised  betw. 


pol] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


613 


lat.  54°  4'  &  55°  6'  N.,  &  Ion.  17°  40'  & 
24°  is;  E.,  bounded  E.  &  N.E.  by  the 
Russian  govs.  Vilna,  Grodno,  &  Volhy- 
nia,  from  which  it  is  partly  separated  by 
the  Bug  &  Niemen  rivers,  S.  by  Galicia 
&  Cracow,  W.  by  Prussian  Silesia  &  Po- 
sen,  &  N.  by  E.  &  W.  Prussia.  Capital, 
Warsaw.  It  is  divided  into  6  govs.  The 
kingdom  of  Poland  contains  50,000  sq. 
miles  of  land  &  five  millions  of  inhabi- 
tants, or  100  to  the  square  mile.  Total 
product  of  Poland  is  set  down  as  $10,632,- 
000,  or  $2  to  each  person.  Surface  a  vast 
plain,  with  a  mean  elevation  of  300  to 
500  feet  above  the  Baltic,  except  in  the 
S.,  where  ofi'sets  of  the  Carpathian  moun- 
tains rise  to  1,000  ft.  It  is  well  watered, 
&,  covered  with  extensive  forests.  The 
soil  is  snow-clad  &  frozen  for  five  months 
in  the  year.  Soil  sandy  loam,  resting 
mostly  on  granite  ;  generally  fertile. 
Agriculture  has  recently  been  inuch  im- 
proved, &  corn  is  exported.  The  chief 
crop  for  home  consumption  is  rye.  The 
celebrated  salt  mines  of  ancient  Poland 
are  in  Galicia.  Nearly  all  the  commerce 
is  in  the  hands  of  the  Jews,  who  form  a 
tenth-part  of  the  pop.  In  the  15th  centu- 
ry Poland  extended  from  Russia  in-  the 
E.,  to  Germany  on  the  "W.,  &  from  the 
Baltic  on  the  N.  to  Turkey  on  the  S.  Its 
area  was  larger  than  that  of  France,  & 
its  pop.  is  supposed  to  have  amounted  to 
15,000,000.  It  was  then  divided  into 
Great  Poland,  Little  Poland,  &  Lithua- 
nia, which  was  incorporated  with  it  in 
1336.  At  the  dismemberment  of  Poland 
in  1773,  the  three  neighboring  powers, 
Russia,  Prussia,  &  Austria,  appropriated 
nearly  one-third  of  the  territory.  Rus- 
sia &  Prussia,  on  the  second  partition  in 
1793,  seized  about  half  of  the  remaining 
portion,  &  the  third  partition  in  1795, 
put  an  end  to  the  republic.  The  last 
king  of  Poland,  Stanislaus  Augustus, 
died  at  St.  Petersburg  in  1793.  In  1807, 
Napoleon  united  a  great  part  of  ancient 
Poland  under  the  name  of  the  Grand 
Duchy  of  Warsaw ;  this  continued  till 
1815,  when  the  kingdom  of  Poland  was 
formed  of  the  greater  part  of  the  former 
grand  duchy.  This  state,  of  which  the 
emperor  of  Russia  was  king,  had  a  con- 
stitution, a  separate  army.  &,  the  use  of 
the  national  language.  It  lasted  till  1830, 
when  a  revolution  took  place,  which  ter- 
minated in  1831  by  the  surrender  of 
Warsaw  to  the  Russians,  &  the  dispersion 
of  the  Poles.  In  1832,  Poland  was  de- 
clared an  integral  part  of  the  Russian 
empire.  A  fresh  attempt  to  restore  its 
independence  was  made   at   Cracow   in 


1846,  which  ended  in  the  subjugation  of 
this  last  remnant  of  ancient  Poland,  & 

its  annexation  to  Austria. -II.  town, 

Cumberland  co.  Me. II.  t.,  Chautau- 

queco.N.  T.     P.  1,174. 

PoLANGEN,  a  frontier  town  of  Russia, 
gov.  Courland,  on  the  Baltic,  42  m.  W. 
Telsh,  with  1,500  inhabs. 

PoLANiEC,  or  PoLANCEc,  a  town  of 
Poland,  28  miles  S.W.  Sandomir.  P. 
1,818. 

Polar  Regions,  the  zones  included 
within  the  arctic  &  antarctic  circles. 

PoLCH,  a  market  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  13  miles  W.S:W.  Coblenz.  P. 
1,700. 

PoLiANi,  a  market  town  of  Russia,  19 
m.  S.E.Minsk.     P.  1,500. 

PoLicAsTRO,  a  marit.  town  of  Naples, 
on  the  N.  shore  of  the  gulf  of  Policastro, 

22  m.  S.  Diano.     P  7,000. II.  a  town, 

18  m.  W.N.W.  Cotrone.     P.  4,200. 

PoLiczKA,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  28  m. 
S.E.  Chrudim.    P.  3,626. 

PoLiGNAC,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Loire,  2  mUes  N.W.  Le  Puy.  P. 
2,134. 

PoLiGNANO,  a  town  of  Naples,  26  m. 
E.S.E.  Bari.     P.  4,500. 

PoLiGNY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Jura,  14  m.  N.E.  Lons-le-Saunier. 
P.  5,661. 

PoLiLLO,  one  of  the  Philippine  islands, 
Asiatic  archipelago,  E.  Luzon.  L.  30  m. ; 
br.  20  m. 

PoLisTiNA,  a  town  of  Naples,  13  miles 
E.N.E.  Palmi.     P.  4,000. 

PoLiTZ,  two  towns  of  Germany. 1. 

Prussia,  9  m.   N.    Stettin,  on   the    Oder. 

P.   2,320. II.   Bohemia,  28  m.  N.E. 

Koniggratz.     P.  1,399. 

PoLizzi,  a  town  of  Sicily,  17  m.  S.W. 
Cefalu.     p.  4,000. 

Polk,  S.E.  eo.  Tenn.     Area,  330  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Bentonville.     P.  6,338. II.  S.W- 

CO.  Mo.     Area,  760  sq.  m.     Cap.  Bolivar. 

P.  6,186. III.  CO.,  Texas.     P.  2,349. 

IV.  CO.,  Oregon.    P.  1,051. "V.  co., 

Ark.     P.    1,263. VI.   co..   Iowa.     P. 

4,515. 

PoLKwiTZ,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
20  m.  N.  Liegnitz.     P.  1,800. 

PoLLA,  a  town  of  Naples,  10  miles 
N.N.W.  Sala.     P.  5,000. 

PoLLENZA,  a  town  of  the  island  Ma- 
iorca,  on  its  N.  side,  28  m.  N.E.  Palma. 
P.  6,402. 

PoLLNOw,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pomera- 
nia,  20  m.  E.S.E.  Koslin.     P.  1,390. 

PoLLOCKSHAws,  a  town  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Renfrew,  on  the  White  Cart.  P. 
5/283. 


614 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[pom 


POLNA,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  33  miles 
S.S.B.  Czaslau.     P.  4,916. 

Polo,  an  islimrl  of  the  Philippines,  E. 
archipelago,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Luzon. 

PoLOCHic,  a  river  of  Central  America, 
state  Guatemala,  after  a  course  of  aljout 
120  m.,  enters  the  Golfo  Dulce.. 

PoLONKA,  a  market  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  18  m.  E.N.E.  Slonim.     P.  1,580. 

PoLONOE,  a  market  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  51  m.  W.  Jitomir.     P.  1,730. 

PoLOTZK,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
60  m.  W.N.W.  Vitebsk.     P.  9,000. 

Poltava,  a  gov.  of  S.  Russia,  between 
lat.  48°  25'  &  51°  6'  N.,  &  Ion.  30°  45' 
&  36°  40'  E.  Area,  19,040  sq.  m.  P. 
1,783,800.  Surface  a  level  plain,  with 
only  a  few  hills  on  the  banks  of  th« 
Dnieper.  Soil  excellent,  &  with  the  sur- 
rounding govs,  it  may  be  called  the  gran- 
ary of  Russia. — Poltava,  the  cap  ,  is  situ- 
ated on  the  Vorskla,  70  m.  W.S.W.  Khar- 
kov. P.  16,000.  It  stands  on  an  emi- 
nence, k  is  regularly  built,  though  chiefly 
of  wood.  In  its  principal  square  is  a 
monument  to  Peter  the  Great,  who  here, 
on  the  27th  June,  1709,  gained  a  decisive 
victory  over  Charles  Xil.,  then  obliged' 
to  escape  into  Turkey. 

PoLTEN  (St.),  a  fortified  town  of  Low- 
er Austria,  5  m.  "\Y.  Vienna.     P.  5,800. 

PoLYCANDBO,  an  isl.  of  the  Grecian 
archipelago,  gov.  Naxos,  16  m.  E.  Milo. 
Area,  20  sq.  ra.     P.  200. 

Polynesia  (■'  many  islands")  includes 
the  multitude  of  islands  scattered  over 
the  Pacifiq  ocean,  &  comprehends  a  belt 
chiefly  within  30°  on  each  side  of  the 
equator,  &  from  Ion.  135°  E.  to  135°  W. 
Including  New  Zealand,  the  boundary 
extends  .S.  of  the  equator  to  lat.  47°  S. 
The  islands  are  distributed  into  numer- 
ous groups,  &  these  groups,  of  an  'elon- 
gated form,  have  a  general  direction  from 
N.W.  to  S.E.,  &  are  composed  of  one  or 
more  larger  islands,  &,  numerous  smaller 
ones!  The  principal  groups  to  the  N.  of 
the  equator,  are  the  Pelew,  LadTone,-or 
Mariane,  Caroline,  Radaek,  Marshall, 
Gilbert,  i  Snndwich  isls.  S.  of  the  equa- 
tor are  New  Ireland,  New  Hebrides, 
New  Britain,  Feejee,  Friendly,  Naviga- 
tor's, Solomon's,  Society,  Mendana  or 
Marquesas,  Low  archipelago.  Cook's, 
Austral,  &  other  minor  groups,  besides 
numerous  detached  islands,  as  Easter  & 
Piteairn  isls.  With  the  exception  of 
Hawaii,  the  largest  isl.  of  Polynesia,  the 
most  considerable  of  the  others  range 
from  20  to  60  &  100  m.  in  circum.,  while 
many  do  not  exceed  a  mile  or  two  in 
length      From    the  groat  predominance 


of  ocean,  the  temperature  of  Polynesia  is 
comparatively  moderate,  the  climate  de- 
lightful, &  salubrious.  The  S.E.  tropical 
wind  generally  prevails,  but  N.W.  & 
S.W.  winds  are  not  uncommon.  Thunder 
storms  &  water  spouts  are  common. 
Hurricanes  are  rare,  &  earthquakes 
slight  &  not  ■  of  frequent  occurrence. 
Both  vegetable  &  animal  productions  aro 
limited  as  to  number  of  species.  In  the 
islands  of  the  middle  &  eastern  divi- 
sions not  more  than  500  species  of  plants 
are  found.  The  bread  fruit  is  peculiar  to 
this  region.  The  islands  were  all  remark- 
ably deficient  in  animals,  thus  indicating 
their  isolated  &  comparatively  recent  ori- 
gin. Some  of  the  western  isls  ,  as  the 
Ladi-ones,  were  discovered  by  Magal- 
haens  in  1521,  the  Marquesas  by  Men- 
dana in  1595,  but  it  was  not  till  1767, 
that  Wallis,  &  subsequently  Cook,  e.x- 
plored  &  described  the  leading  islands  of 
this  region.  Probably  the  population  of 
the  whole  of  Polynesia  does  not  exceed  1 
million  or  1  million  &  a  half. 

PoLziN,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pomera- 
nia,  31  m.  S.W.  Kdslin.     P.  3,030. 

Pomabamba,  a  town  of  Bolivar,  dep.  & 
70  m.  S.E.  Sucre  (Chuquisaca). 

PoMARico,  a  town  of  Naples.  11  miles 
S.S.E.  Matera.     P.  4,900. 

PoMBA  Bay,  one  of  the  finest  harbors 
on  the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  150  m.  N.  Ma- 
zambique,  9  m.  in  length  by  6  m.  across. 

PoMBA  (Villa  da),  a  town  of  Brazil, 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Pomba,  60  m.  E.S.E.  Ouro 
Preto.     P.  12,000. 

PoMBAL,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  Pi- 
anco,  250  m.  W.  Parahiba.     P.  4,000. 

PoMBAL,  a  town  of  Portugal,  20  milsa 
N.E.  Leiria.     P.  5,000. 

PoMERANCE,  a  vill.  of  Tuscany,  in  the 
Maremma,  7  m.  S.  Volterra.     P.  2,000. 

PoMERANiA,  a  marit.  prov.  of  Prussia, 
mostly  N.  of  lat.  53°  N.,  &  stretching 
along  the  Baltic.  Area,  12,204  sq.  m- 
P.  1,165,073,  chiefly  Protestants.  Sur- 
face level,  &  in  many  parts  marshy. 
Coasts  low,  sandy,  defended  by  dykes,  & 
bordered  by  numerous  inlets. 

PoMEROON,  the  most  N.  river  of  Brit. 
Guiana,  enters  the  Atlantic  40  m.  N.W. 
the  estuary  of  the  Essequibo. 

PoMFKET,  t ,  Windsor  co.  VI.   P.  1,774. 

ir.  t., Windham  co.  Conn.     P.  1,863. 

-III.   t.,  Chauta^iqua   co.  N.  Y.     P. 

4,493. 

PoMiGLiANO  d'Aeco,  a  town  of  Na- 
ples, dist.  Casoria,  8  m.  N.E-  Naples.  P. 
5,900. 

Pomona,  the  largest  of  the  Orkney 
isla.nds,  A  nearly  in  their  centre.     Total 


pon] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


615 


area,  150  sq.  m.  P.  16,141.  Its  W. 
coasts  are  precipitous,  but  it  has  several 
good  harbors,  &  that  of  Stromness  is  the 
best  in  N.  Scotland. 

PoMOHZANY,  a  small  town  of  Austrian 
Poland,  Gralicia,  49  m.  E.S.E.  Lemberg. 

Pompadour,  acomm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Corr^ze,  20  m.  ]Sr.\y.  Tulle. 

Pompeii,  an  anc.  town  of  S.  Italy,  13 
m.  S.E.  ef  Naples,  at  the  S.  foot  of  Mount 
Vesuvius,  by  an  eruption  of  which,  a.d. 
79,  it  was  burled  with  cinders,  scoriae,  & 
lava,  &  so  remained  until  it  was  redis- 
covered in  1755.  About  2-5ths  of  the 
town  have  since  been  uncovered. 

-PoMPEY,  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
4,006. 

PoMPiANi,  a  market  town  of  Eussian 
Poland,  Vilna,  13  m.  N.  Poneviej.  P. 
1,500. 

PoMPTON,  r.,  N.  J.,  flows  into  the  Pas- 
saic.  II.  t.,  Passaic  oo.  N.  J.  P.  1,437. 

PoNANY,  a  commercial  tov.'n  &  sea- 
port of  Brit.  India,  dist.  Malabar,  ~at  the 
mouth  of  the  Ponany  river,  38  m.  S.E. 
Calicut. — The  Ponaity  river  traverses 
the  Paulghautcherry  Puss,  to  within  15 
m.  of  which  it  is  navigable  in  the  rainy 
season.     L.  100  m. 

PoNDiCHERRY,  a  maritime  town,  &  the 
cap.  of  the  French  settlements  in  India, 
on  the  Coromandel  coast,  83  m.  S.S.W. 
Madras.  It  has  no  port,  but  only  an 
open  roadstead.  Its  dist.  contains  92 
villages.     P.  81,616. 

PoNEDELY,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  53  m.  N.N.E.  Wilkomirz.  P. 
1,620. 

PoNEViESCH,  a  town  of  Russian  Po- 
land, 84  m.  N.N.W.  Vilna.     P.  3,580. 

PoNFERRADA,  a  town  of  Spain,  47  m. 
W.  Leon.     P.  2,520. 

Pong,  or  Bong,  the  most  N.  prov.  of 
the  Burmese^  dom.,  having  E.  China,  N. 
Tibet,  &  W.  Upper  Assam.  Chief  town, 
Moonkhoom. 

PoNGA,  a  marit.  town  of  Lower  Siam, 
on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Malay  peninsula, 
N.  the  island  Junkcsylon. 

PoNGAs,  a  river  of  W.  Africa,  Sene- 
gambia,  enters  the  Atlantic  near  lat.  fO" 
N.,  Ion.  14°W.  ■ 

PoNOvKA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  10 
m.  N.  Mirgorod.     P.  1,510. 

Pons,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Charente  Inf.,  12  m.  S.S.E.  Saintes.  P. 
2,725. — Pons  (St.),  is  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Herault,  56  m.  W.  Mont- 
pellier.     P.  3,780. 

Pont  ("  Bridge"),  a  prefix  to  the 
names  of  nums.  comms.  towns,  &  vills. 
of  France. 1-  (P.  d.  Mousson)j  comm. 


&  vill.  dep.   Meurthe,  15  miles  N.N.W. 

Nancy,  on  the  Moselle.     P.  6,874. II, 

(P.  Audemer),  a  comm.  &  town,  dep. 
Euro,    37   m.  N.W.  Evereux.     P.  6,359. 

III.  (P.  Avert),  a  comm.  &  market 

town,  dep.  Finistere,  9  m.AV.  Quimperle. 

P.  864. IV.  (P.   Chateau),  a  comm. 

&  mkt.  town,  dep.  Loire  Inf.,  8  m.  N.W. 

Savenay.     P.  3,516. V.  (P.  Croix),  a 

comm.  &   town,  dep.    Finistere,    18    m. 

W.N.W.  Quimper.     P.  1,416. VI.  (P. 

(VAin),  a  comm.  &  town,  dep.  Ain,  11 
m.  S.E.   Bourg,   on  the  Ain.     P.  1,284. 

VII.  (P.  de  Beauvoisin),  a  comm.  & 

town,  dep.  Isdre,  cap.  cant.,  11m.  E.S.E. 
La   Tour-du-Pin,    on    the    Guiers.       P. 

1,949. VIII.    (P.   de    Camarh). 

IX.   (P.  du   Gard).     [GardJ. X.  (P. 

de  L'Arche),  a  comm.  &  town,  dep.  Eure, 
cap^  cant.,  7  m.  N.  Louviers,  on  1.  b.  of 

the    Seine.      P.    1,687. XL    (P.    de 

Vaux),  a  comm.  &  town,  dep.  Ain,  20  m. 

N.W.  Bourg.     P.  2,896. XII.  (P.  de 

Veyle),  a  comm.  &  town,  dep.  Ain,  cap. 
cant.j   17  m.   W.   Bourg,   on   the   Veyle. 

P.  1,321. XIII.  (P.  du  Chateau),  dep. 

Puy-de-Dume,  9  m.  E  N.E.  Clermont.    P. 

3,621. XIV.  (P.  en  Royans),  acomm. 

&  mkt.  town,  dep.  Isere,  cap.  cant.,  6  m. 

S.  St.  Marcellin.      P.  1,266. XV.  (P. 

Faverger),  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town,  dep. 
Marne,   12  m.  E.N.E.  Reims.     P.  1,519. 

XVI.  (P.  Gibaud),  a  comm.  &town, 

dep.    Puy-de-Dome,    13  m.   S.W.   Riom. 

P.  937. XVII.  (P.  I'Abbe),  a  comm. 

&  mkt.  town,  dep.  Finistere,  cap  cant.,  - 

10    m.   S.S.W.   Quimper.     P.  3,235. 

XVIII.  (P.  le  Eoi,  or  P.  sur  Seine),  a 
comm.  &  town,  dep.  Aube,  4  m.  E.N.E. 

Nogent-sur-Seine.     P.  890. XIX.  (P. 

VEveque),  a  comm.  &  town,  dep.  Cal- 
vados, 25  m.  E.N.E.  Caen.     P.  1,911. 

XX.  (P.  St.  Esprit),  a  comm.  &  town, 
dep.  Gard,  20  m.  N.N.E.  Uzes.     P.  4,164. 

XXI.   (P.  St.    Vincent),  a  comm.  & 

mkt.    town,    dep.    Meurthe,    7    m.    S.W. 

N.ancy,  on  the  Meuse.     P.  862. XXII. 

(P.  Scroff),  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town,  dep. 
Morbihan,    6    m.  N.N.W.    Lorient.      P. 

1,590. XXin.    (Fonts -de-Ce),    a 

comm.  &  small  town,  dep.  Maine-et- 
Loire,  cap.  cant.,   3  m.   S.S.E.    Angers. 

P.  2,300.- XXIV..  (P.  sur    Yonne),  a, 

comm.  &  town,  dep.  Yonne,  cap.  cant.,  6 
m.  N.N.W.  Sens,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Yonne. 

P.  1,810. XXV.  (P.  Valam),  acomm. 

&  mkt.  town,  dep.  Sarthe,  cap.  cant.,  12 
m.  E.N.E.  La  Fleche.  P.  2,000.  Under 
its  walls  the  English  were  defeated  by 
Dugueselin  in  1369. 

PoNTAc,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep    B.  Pyren6es,  15  m.  S.E.  Pau.     P. 


616 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GKOGRAPHY 


[pON 


2,029.— Pont- a- C elks  is  a  vill.  of  Bel- 
gium, prov.  Namur. 

PoNTA  Delgada,  the  largest  town, 
though  not  the  cap.,  of  the  Azores  islands. 
PoNTA  DE  Pedras,  Brazil,  prov.  Para, 
is  a  projecting  point  on  the  Kio  Negro, 
where  the  rooks  form  curious  corridors  & 
.  chambers.  Near  it  is  the  village  Airao, 
with  500  inhab. 

Pontaillier,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town 
of  France,  dep.  Ciite-d'Or,  cap.  cant.,  on 
an  island  of  the  SaOne,  17  m.  E.  Dijon. 
P.  1,200. 

PoNTARLiER,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Doubs,  27  m.  S.E.  Besanfon. 
P.  4,503. 

PoNTATOE,  N.B.  CO,  Miss.  Area,  900 
eq.  m.  P.  17,112. — Fontatoe,  the  cap., 
is  175  m.  N.N.E.  Jackson.     P.  500. 

PoNTCHARRA,  a  comra.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Isere.     P.  1,760. 

PoNTCHARTRAiN  Lake,  Louisiana,  6 
m.  N.  New  Orleans,,  is  about  45  m.  in 
length,  by  23  m.  in  breadth,  &  commu- 
nicates with  L.  Maurepas  on  the  W., 
with  L.  Borgne  through  the  Rigolets  on 
the  E.,  &  with  New  Orleans  through  St. 
John's  bayou,  &  a  canal.  > 

PoNTE,  two  market  towns  of  N.  Italy. 

1.  Piedmont,  div.  &  25  m.  N.  Turin. 

P.  (1838)  with  comm.  4,138. II.  Lom- 

bardy,  6  m.  E.  Sondrio. — Po7ite-a-Rig- 
nano  is  a  village  of  Tuscany,  11m.  E.S.E. 
Florence. 

Ponteba,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy, 
gov.  Venice,  31  m.  N.  Udine.    P.  1,700. 

PoNTEcoRVO,  a  town  of  S.  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta.,  20  m.  S.E.  Frosinone.  P. 
5,200. 

PoNTE-CuRONE,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy, 
Piedmont,  5  m.  N.E.  Tortona,  on  the 
Curone.     P.  2,180. 

PoNTE-DE-LiMA,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
on  the  Lima,  13  m.  N.W.  Braga.  P. 
2,000. 

PoNTEDERA,  a  town  of  Tuscany,  13  m. 
E.S.E.  Pisa,  on  the  Era.     P.  3,400. 

PoNTE  DE  SoRA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Por- 
tugal, on  the  Sora,  16  m.  S.E.  Abrantes. 
P.  1,500. — P.  Lagoscuro  is  a  mkt.  town 
of  Italy,  Pontif.  sta.,  3  m.  N.  Ferrara. 
P.  2,146. 

PoNTEFRACT,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
York,  W.  Riding,  on  the  Aire,  21  ra. 
S.S.W.  York.  It  is  well  built,  with  open 
streets.  The  famous  castle  of  Pomfret, 
in  which  Richard  II.  died,  &  where 
Rivers,  Grey,  &  Yaughan  were  put  to 
death  by  order  of  Richard  III.,  is  now 
in  ruins. 

PoNTE  Lagoscuro,  a  town  of  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta,,  4  m.  N.  Ferrara.     P.  2,140. 


PoNTELANDOLFo,  a  towD  of  Naples, 
19  m.  S.  Campobasso.     P.  4,000. 

PoNTELUNGO,  a  market  town  of  Lom- 
bardy,  6  ra.  N.N.E.  Pavia. 

Ponte-Stuha,  a  village  of  N.  Italy, 
Piedmont,  5  m.  W.N.W.  Casale,  on  the 
Po,  at  the  influx  of  the  Stura.  P.  1,841. 
PoNTEVEDRA,  a  towu  of  Spain,  cap, 
prov.  Pontevedra,  on  the  Lerey,  13  m, 
N.N,E.  Vigo.     P.  4,549. 

PoNTEvico,  a  mkt.  town  of  Lombardy, 
19  m.  S.S.W.  Brescia,  on  the  Oglio.  P, 
5,000. 

PoNTiAc,  p-t.,  cap.  Oakland  co.  Mich,, 

25.  m.   N.W.   Detroit. II.  p-v.,  cap, 

Livingston  co.  111. 

PoNTiANAK,  the  principal  of  the 
Dutch  settlements  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Borneo.  P.  of  town  &  dist,  19,115,  of 
whom  10,000  were  Malays,  &  2,000  Chi- 
nese. 

PoNTicELLi,  a  vill.  of  Naples,  4  m.  E 
of  Naples,  with  4,700  inhabs. 

Pontifical  States,  or  States  of 
THE  Church  (Ital.  Stati  Pontijicii),  a 
country  of  Italy,  comprising  the  central 
part  of  the  peninsula,  bounded  E.  by  tho 
Adriatic,  S.  &  S.IEI.  by  the  kingdom  of 
Naples,  W.  by  the  Mediterranean,  Tus- 
cany, &  Modena,  &  N  by  the  kingdom 
of  Lombardy  &  Venice,  cap.  Rome.  In 
1832  the  state  was  divided  into  20  provs. 
The  cap.  &  its  dist.  is  called  the  comarca; 
the  6  legations  were  governed  each  by  a 
cardinal,  &  the  13  delegations  by  a 
prelate.  Area,  17,494  sq.  m.  P.  about 
2,898,115.  The  territory,  S.  of  the  prin- 
cipal chain  of  the  Apennines,  is  watered 
by  the  Tibet  &  its  affluents.  N.  of  the 
Apennines,  it  is  watered  by  small  torrents 
from  the  Apennines  ;  &  the  N.  frontier  is 
traversed  by  the  chief  branch  of  the  Po  : 
all  tributaries  to  the  Adriatic.  The  prin- 
cipal lakes  are  those  of  Perugia,  Bolsena, 
Albano,  &  Bracciano  ;  &  the  marshes  of 
Comaechio,  &  Pontine  marshes.  The 
territory  is  traversed  longitudinally  by 
the  chain  of  the  Apennines.  In  the  N., 
it  comprises  part  of  the  great  plain  of 
the  Po,  &  in  the  S.W.  the  undulating 
plain  called  the  Campagna  di  Roma,  ter- 
minating in  the  Pontine  marshes,  noted 
for  insalubrity.  The  climate  varies 
greatly  in  different  quarters.  The  soil  is 
generally  fertile,  but  neglected ;  it  is 
calculated  that  only  l-3d  of  the  supei-- 
fieies  is  under  cultivation  ;  much  of  the 
surface  aifords  e.iccellent  pasturage,  which 
is  occupied  by  great  herds  of  buffaloes. 
Salt  is  made  in  the  lagoons  Ostia,  Co- 
maechio, &  Cervia,  to  the  amount  of  more 
than  84,000,000  lbs.  annually.    The  fish- 


pop] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZBTTESR. 


61V 


eries  are  mostly  conducted  by  the  inhabs. 
of  the  kingdom  of  Naples.  Manuf.  in- 
dustry is  confined  to  the  large  cities 
&  for  home  consumption.  Commerce 
limited,  &  conducted  chiefly  with  the 
Mediterranean  states.  In  the  Pontif. 
states  there  are  9  archbishoprics,  52 
bishoprics,  13  abbacies,  1,824  monas- 
teries, &  612  convents.  Secular  clergy 
were  estimated  at  35,000,  monks  10,000, 
nuns  8,000.  Education  is  conducted  in 
universities,  colleges,  seminaries,  &  ele- 
mentary schools.  The  seats  of.the  seven 
universities  are  Bologna,  the  most  ancient 
&  celebrated  in  Italy,  Rome,  Perugia, 
Forrara,  Camerino,  Urbino,  &  Macerata, 
the  last  4  founded  in  1824  ;  in  1841  these 
were  attended  in  all  by  2,400  students. 
The  government  was,  till  recently,  an 
absolute  elective  monarchy ;  the  pope 
chosen  by  the  college  of  cardinals  from 
their  own  body,  was  at  the  same  time 
the  head  of  the  universal  Romish  church, 
&  a  temporal  sovereign.  In  1847,  Pope 
Pius  IX.  established  a  constitutional 
parliament,  consisting  of  99  deputies 
popularly  elected ;  but  in  1848,  by  a 
revolution,  this  arrangement  was  over- 
turned, the  pope  himself  expelled,  &  a 
republic  established.  Subsequently,  the 
revolutionists,  who  governed  Rome  bet- 
ter than  she  has  been  governed  for  nearly 
20  centuries,  vrere  put  do;Tn  by  French 
armies,  &  the  pope  with  the  old  state  of 
things  was  restored. 

Pontine  Marshes,  a  vast  marshy 
tract  of  Italy,  in  the  S.  jiortion  of  the 
Campagna  di  Roma,  extending  along  the 
coasts  of  the  Mediterranean,  a  distance 
of  25  m. 

PoNTivy,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Blavet, 
30  m.  N.N.W.  Vannes.     P.  4,585. 

PoNTOisE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  &  19  m.  N.W.  Paris, 
on  rt.  b.  of  the  Oise.     P.  4,503. 

PpNTREMOLi,  a  town  of  Tuscany,  prov. 
Florence,  at  the  S.  declivity  of  the  Apen- 
nines, 23  m.  N.W.  Carrara.     P.  4,000. 

PoNTYPOOL,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  Monmouth,  8  m.  N.N.W.  Newport. 
P.  2,865. 

PoNZA,  the  chief  of  a  group  of  small 
isls.  in  the  Mediterranean  sea,  Naples, 
29  m.  S.W.  Terracina.  L.  N.  to  S.,  4  m. 
by  about  f  m.  in  breadth.  P.  1.500. — 
Ponzone  is  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  Piedmont, 
10  m.  S.  Acqui.     P.  of  comm.  3,177. 

PoOLAJEE,  a  town  of  Belooehistan,  on 
the  route  between  the  Indus  &  the  Bolan 
Pass. 

Poole,  a  seaport  town  of  Engl.,  &  a 


CO.  of  itself,  in  the  co.  Dorset,  on  a  penin- 
sula at  the  N.  side  of  Poole  harbor,  6^ 
m.  S.  Wimborne.  Its  newer  streets  & 
houses  are  respectable;  the  older  parts 
of  the  town  are  mean.  P.  12,891. — Poole 
harbor  is  an  inlet  in  the  English  chan- 
nel, 6  m.  in  length,  4  m.  in  greatest  br., 
&  having  S.  the  Isle  of  Purbeck.  The 
tide  here  ebbs  &  flows  twice  in  the  12 
hours,  owing  to  geographical  peculiaritiea 
in  the  position  of  the  harbor. 

PooLKE,  a  ruined  town  of  Affghanis- 
tan,  on  the  Helmund,  its  remains  cover- 
ing an  area  of  16  sq.  m. 

POOLOROON,  &    PoOLOWAYj'tWO  of  tile 

Banda  islands,  Asiatic  archipelago,  W. 
Banda. 

PooNAH,  a  dist.  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Bombay.  Area,  8,281  sq.  m.  P..  550,000. 
Surface  mntnous.  but  interspersed  with 
well-watered  valleys,  &  the  climate  is 
more  suitable  to  Europeans  than  in  most 
parts  of  India. — Poonafi,  cap.  above  dist., 
on  a  tributary  of  the  Beemah,  75  m.  S.E. 
Bombay.  P.  from  80,000  to  90,000,  but 
its  garrison  comprises  about  15,000  more. 
It  stands  about  2,000  feet  above  the  sea, 
is  an  agreeable  place  &  rising  in  impor- 
tance. 

PooHA,  a  town  of  W.  Belooehistan,  in 
the  desert,  110  m.  E.N.E.  Bunpoor,  with 
2,000  inhabs. 

PooEALLY,  a  riv.  of  Belooehistan,  en- 
ters Sonmeanee  bay,  Indian  ocean.  L. 
100  miles. 

PooRBUNDER,  a  marit.  town  of  Hindos- 
tan,  Baroda  dom.,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of 
the  Gujerat  peninsula. 

-  PooREE,  a  marit.  town  of  Brit.  India, 
49  m.  S.  Cuttack. 

PooRUNDER,  a  town  of  British  India, 
20  m.  S.S.E.  Poonah. 

PooRUNPOOR,  a  town  of  British  India, 
48  m.  EN.E.  Bareily. 

PoosHKUR,  a  town  of  British  India,  4 
m.  W.  Ajmere.  It  is  a  celebrated  place 
of  Hindoo  pilgrimage. 

PooTE  (La),  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  &  24  m.' E.N.E.  Mayenne. 
P.  3,352. 

PoOTO,  a  small  rocky  island  off  the  E. 
extremity  of  Chusan,  China  sea. 

PopA,  an  island  of  the  Malay  archip., 
100  m.  S.E.  Gilolo,  50  miles  in  circum. 

PopAYAN,  a  city  of  S.  America,  New 
Granada,  cap.  dep.  Canca,  in  a  fertile 
plain  near  the  Cauca  river,  &  6,000  feet 
above  the  ocean.  P.  20,000.  It  is  regu- 
larly laid  out  &  well  built. 

Pope,  SE.  co.  111.    Area,  576  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Golconda.     P.  3,975. II.  N.W, 

CO.  Ark.     Area,  920  sq.  m.     P.  4,710. 


618 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[POR 


PoPERiNQHE,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov. 
W.  Flanders,  6  m.  W.S.AY.  Ypres.  P. 
10,461.      ■ 

Poplar,  a  suburban  pa.  of  the  me- 
tropolis of  Engl.,  CO.  Middlesex,  4  m. 
E.S.B.  St.  Paul's,  London. 

Popo,  a  dist.  of  Guinea  nominally  in- 
cluded in  the  territory  of  Dahomey,  with 
two  coast  towns  orvills.,  Great  &  Little 
Popo. —  Great  Popo  is  situated  between 
the  sea  &  a  backwater  or  inlet,  15  m.  W. 
Whydah.  Lat.  6°  16' N.,  Ion.  1°  54'  E. 
P.  5,000.— The  Popo  Isles,  Asiatic  ar- 
chip.,  are  between  Gilolo  &  Papua.  The 
largest  island,  Popo,  is  50  m.  in  circ. 

Popocatepetl,  an  active  volcano  of 
the  Mexican  confed.,  state  <&  35  m.  S.W. 
LaPuebla.  It  is  a  truncated  cone,  rising 
to  17,720  feet  above  the  sea.  Porests 
cover  its  base,  but  at  12,693  ft.  in  height, 
vegetation  ceases. 

PopoLi,  a  town  of  Naplef?.  8  m.  IST.N.W. 
Sulmona,  on  the  Pescara.    'P.  3,200. 

PoppELAu,  a  vill.  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
14  in.  N.W.  Oppein,  oh  the  Prinitza.  P. 
2,265.^—  Poppelsdorf,  a  vill.,  Rhenish 
Prussia,  1  m.  S.W.  Bonn.     P.  1,180. 

POPPENHAUSEN,  &  PoPPENLAUER,  twO 

vills.   of   Bavaria. 1.  6  miles    N.W. 

Schweinfurt.  with  1.179  inhabs. II.  4 

m.  E.S.E.  Miinnerstadt.     P.  1,249. 

Poppi,  a  town  of  Tuscany,  26  m.  E. 
Florence,  on- the  Arno,  P.  of  comm., 
5,654. 

PopRAD,  a  river  of  N".  Hungary,  an 
affl.  of  the  Dunajec,  length  35  m. 

PoRA,  two  islands'  of  the  Asiatic  ar- 
chipelago, oflf  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra  ; 
the  most  S.  or  Se-Pora  is  40  m.  in  length 
by  15  m.  in  gr.  br.,  &  N.  Pora  or  Se  Beroo, 
60  m.  in  length  by  30  m.  across. 

PoRjiMusHiR,  one  of  the  Kurile  isls. 
in  the  Pacific  ocean,  belonging  to  Russia, 
35  m.  S.  Kamtschatka.  L.  N.  to  S.  60  m., 
br.  20  m. 

PoRCA,  a  marit.  town  of  S.  India,  on 
the  Malabar  coast,  70-m.  N.W!  Trivan- 
derum. 

POECO,  a  mntn.  knot  of  the  Bolivian 
Andes,  in  lat.  19°  45'  S.,  Ion.  65°30' W. 
■Height,  16,00.0  ft.  From  this  mntn.  the 
incas  derived  a  large  amount  of  silver. 
Near  it  is  the  town  of  Porco,  20  m.  S.W. 
Potosi. 

PoRCUNA,  a  t.  of  Spain,  21  m.  W.N.W. 
Jaen.     P.  5,272, 

PoRDENONE,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy, 
deleg.  &  28  m.  AV.S.W.  Udine.  P.  5,000. 
It  has  an  active  trade  in  wine  &  corn. 

PoRDic,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Cotes-du-Nord,  .5  m.  N.W. 
St,  Brieuc.     P.  4,394.       . 


Pore,  a  town  of  S.  America,  New 
Granada,  d^p.  Boyaca,  on  an  affl.  of  the 
Meta,  114  m.  N.E.  Bogota. 

PoRENTRUY,  a  town,  Switzerland,  38 
m.  N.W.  Bern.     P.  2,500. 

PoRETCHiE,  a  town  of  Russia,  40  m. 
N.N.W.  Smolensk.     P.  2,000. 

PoRETTA,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  Pontifical 
states,  30  m.  S.W.  Bologna.  P.  2,500. 
It  has  well-frequented  sulphur  baths. 

PoRETZK,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russian  Po- 
land, 15  m.  S.E.  Vladimir.     P.  1,550. 

PoRKA;  an  island  of  Russia,  in  L.  Pei- 
pus. 

PoEKHov,  a  town  of  Russia,  43  m. 
E.S.E.  Pskov.     P.  3,040. 

PoRLEzzA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Austrian 
Italy,  16  m.  N:  Como.     P.  1.000. 

PoRNic,  a  small  marit.  town  of  France, 
dep.  Loire  Inf.,  26  m.  W.S.W.  Nantes. 
P.  1,324. 

PoRo,  or  PuLO  Sepora;  an  island  of 
the  Malay  archip.,  off  the  S.W.  coast  of 
Sumatra.     It  is  about   40  m.  in  length 
.N.W.  to  S.E.,  by  15  m.  in  av. 

PoROMuscHiR,  the  most  N.  of  the  Ku- 
lile  islands.  Pacific  ocean,  belonging  to 
Russia,  &  off  the  S.  extremity  of  Kamts- 
chatka. 

PoEos,  a  small  island  of  Greece,  at  the 
W.  entrance  of  the  gulf,  &  7  m.  S.  the 
island  of  Egina. 

PoRQUEROLLES,  One  of  the  Hyeres  isls., 
France,  dep.  Var,  in  the  Mediterr.  L.  5 
miles. 

PoRQUiER  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Tarn-et-Garonne,  8  m. 
W.S.W.  Montauban.     P.  1,437. 

PoRRERA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Spain,  23  m. 
W.N.W.  Tarragona.  P.  1,321.— Porre- 
ras  is  a  town,  Majorca,  21  m.  E.S.E. 
Pal  mas. 

PoRSGRUNO,  a  town  of  Norway,  91  m. 
N.E.  Christiansand.     P.  1,750. 

PORTACHUELO  DI  TucTO,  One  of  the 
loftiest  passes  over  the  Andes,  N.  Peruj 
between  Tarma  &  Lima,  &  15,760  feet 
in  elev. 

PoRTADOWN,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland, 
Ulster,  CO.  &  10  m.  E.N.E.  Armagh.  P. 
2,505. 

PoRTAFERRY,  a  scaport  &  mkt.  town 
of  Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  Down,  7i  m.  E.N.E. 
Downpatriek.     P.  2,107. 

Portage,  r.,  0.,  rises  in  Wood  co.,  & 

enters    Lake    Erie. II.    N.E.   co.   0. 

Area,    500  sq.   m.      Cap.   Ravenna.     P. 

24 J 19. ni.   N.  CO.  Wis.     Cap.  Fort 

Winnebago.     P.    1,250. IV.  t.,  Alle-   . 

ghany  co.  N.  Y.     P.  4,721. 

Portalegre,  a  town  of  Portugal,  49 
m.  N  N.E.  Evora.     P.  5,800 


for] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


619 


Port  Alexandeh,  a  harbor  of  S.W. 
Africa,  Benguela,  on  the  Atlantic,  40  m. 
N.  at.  Fish  bay. 

Port  Allen,  a  harbor  of  Scotland,  co. 
Perth,  on  N.  bank  of  the  firth  of  Tay. 

Port  Antonio,  a  seaport  vill.  of  Ja- 
maica, on  the  N.  coast,  25  m.  N.W.  Point 
Morant. 

PoRTARLiNGTON,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  on  the  Barrow.     P.  3,106. 

Port  Bail,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Manche,  with  a  small  port 
on  the  English  channel,  15  m.  S.W.  Va- 
lognes.     P.  2,066. 

Port  Beaufort,  a  harbor  of  S.  Afri- 
ca, Cape  Colony,  dist.  &  50  m.  S.E.  Zwel- 
lendam,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Breeds  riv. 
in  St.  Sebasiian'sbay. 

Port  Bowen,  British  If  Amer.,  is  on 
Prince  Regent  inlet.  Hei'e  the  Hecla  & 
Fury  remained  from  September  to  July, 
1824-5. 

Port  Byron,  p-v.,  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y., 
on  the  Erie  canal.     P.  1,000. 

Port  Carbon,  p-v.,  Schuylkill  co.  Pa., 
at  the  junction  of  Mi)l  cr.  with  the 
Schuylki'll  river.     P.  1,000. 

Port  Clinton,  p-v.,  cap.  Ottawa  co. 
0.    -P.  300. 

Portcros,  one  of  the  Hyeres  islands, 
France,  dep.  Var,  5  m.  E.  PorqueroUes. 
L.  2J  m.;   br.  1  m. 

Poet  CcjRTrs,  a  harbor  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Australia,  lat.  24°  S.,  Ion.  151°  30'  E. 

Port  Davey,  Tasmania  (Van  Die- 
men's  Land),  a  l.ind-locked  harbor, 
stretching  13  m.  inland,  on  the  S.W.  coast. 

Port-de-Paix  (Le),  a  marit.  town  of 
Hayti,  on  its  N.  coast,  35  m.  W.  Cape 
Haytien. 

Port  Dundas,  a  vill.  &  suburb  of 
Glasgow. 

Port  d' Urban,  a  marit  vill.  of  Natal, 
S.  Africa,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  inlet  Port 
Natal. 

PoHTEL.a  market  town  of  Portugal,  20 
m.  E.S.E.  Evora.     P.  2,000. 

Port  Elizabeth,  a  seaport  town  of 
S.  Africa,  Ctipe  Colony,  with  an  excellent 
harbor,  18  m.  S.E.  Uitenhage,  on  the  W. 
side  of  Algoa  bay.     P.  3,000. 

Port  Elizabeth,  p-v.,  Cumberland  co. 
N.  J.    P.  500.  '     _ 

Portendic,  a  French  trading  station, 
on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  Sahara,  160  m. 
N.  Fort  Louis. 

Porter,  N.W.  co.  la.     Area,  415  sq. 

m.     Cap.  Valparaiso.      P.  5,234. -11. 

t.,  Oxford  CO.  Me.     P.  1,133. III.  t., 

Niagara  co.  N.  Y.,  7  m.  N.  Lewiston.    P. 

2,453.     It  contains   Youngstown   v.^ 

IV.  t.,  Scioto  CO.  0.     P.  1,015. 


Port  Essington,  a  bay  of  N.  Austra- 
lia, on  the  E.  side  of  Coburg  peninsula. 

Port  Gibson,  p-v.,  cap.  Claiborne  co. 
Mi.>s.,  45  m.  N.  Natches.     P.  400. 

Port  Glasgow,  river-port  town  of 
Scotland,  co.  Renfrew,  on  the  1.  b.  of  the 
Clyde,  3  m.  E.  Greenock.  P.  6,930.  It 
is  neat  &  substantially  built.  The  town 
was  founded  (before  the  deepening  of  the 
Clyde),  by  the  Glasgow  magistrates  in 
1668,  to  be  the  seaport  of  Glasgow. 

Port  (or  Harbor)  Grace,  a  small 
miirit.  town  of  Newfoundland,  on  the  W. 
side  of  Conception  bay,  25  m.  N.W.  St. 
John. 

Port  Henry,  p-v.,  Essex  co.  N.  Y.,  on 
Lake  Champlain.     P.  300. 

Port  Hope,  t.,  Canada.    P.  2,476. 

Port  Howe,  a  landing  place  on  the  E. 
coast  of  San  Salvador,  Bahama  islands, 
supposed  to  be  that  where  Columbus  first 
set  foot  in  the  new  world,  12th  October, 
1492. 

Port  Hunter,  an  inlet  of  New  S. 
Wales. 

Port  Huron,  p-t.,  St.  Clair  co.  Mich., 

.59  m.  N.E.  Detroit.     P.  1,113. II.  t., 

Middlesex  co.  Conn.,  15  m.  S.  Hartford, 

opposite  Middletown.    ■  P.  2,836. IIL 

p-t.,  Chautauque  co.  N.Y.     P.  2,136. 

IV.  t.,  Erie  CO.  0.     P.  1,433. 

PoRTici,  a  town  of  Naples,  4  m.  S.E. 
of  Naples,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb,  on  the 
bay  of  Naples,  at  the  N.  foot  of  Vesuvius. 
P."4,900. 

PoRTiLLO,  a  town  of  Spain,  13  m.  S.E. 
Valladolid,  on  a  height  commanded  by 
a  ruined  castle.     P.  1,467. 

Port  Jackson,  an  inlet  of  New  South 
Wales,  its. entrance  being  between  two 
lofty  cliffs. 

Portland  (Isle  of),  a  peninsula  of 
England,  co.  Dorset,  insular  only  at  cer^ 
tain  times  of  the  tide,  &  extending  into 
the  English  channel.  4h  m.  in  leno-th,  N. 
to  S.,  by  2  m.  in  breadth.     P.  2,852. 

Portland,  a  city  <fc  seaport  of  Maine, 
on  a  peninsula  in  Casco  bay,  50  m.  S.S.W. 
Augusta,  lat.  43°  39'  N.,&  Ion.  70°  15' 
W.  P.  20,815.  It  has  a  very  picturesque 
appearance,  rising  like  an  amphitheatre 
from  the  sea,  between  two  hills,  &  it  is 
regularly  &  elegantly  built.  It  has  nu- 
merous churches,  an  academy,  &  gram- 
mar schools,  an  elegant  school  house,  & 
almshouses,  custom  &  market  houses,  a 
theatre,  an  athenaeum,  with  a  library  of 
about  4,000  vols. ;  various  printing-ofiBces, 
&  several  banks.  The  harbor,  one  of  the 
best  in  the  IT.  States,  is  safe,  spacious,  & 
defended  by  two  forts.  At  its  entrance, 
on  Portland  head,  are  a  lighthouse,  &  an 


620 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[for 


observatory.  It  has  manufs.  of  machi- 
nery, leather,  earthenware,  &  ropes ;  it 
is  the  seat  of  an  extensive  foreign  & 
coasting  trade  with  the  West  Indies,  Eu- 
rope, &  Boston,  &  has  a  considerable  share 
in  the  fisheries  &  exports  of  timber,  fish, 

beef,  &  butter.    Tonnage,  97,571  70. 

II.  a  neat  township  of  Australia,  Victoria, 
on  Portland  bay. — Portland  bay  is  a  wide 

inlet,  its  centre  in  lat.  38°  25'  S. III. 

(Channel],  off  ^Y.  coast  of  N.  America, 
stretches  inland,  in  lat.  55°  N.,  Ion.  130° 
W.,  &  separates  Russian  &  British  Amer- 
ica. - IV.   (Islands),   a    small  group. 

Pacific,  W.  New  Hanover. V.  (Point), 

the  S.  extremity  of  Jamaica. 

PoRTLAw,  a  small  manufacturing  town 
of  Ireland,  Munster,  eo.  &  9  m.  AV.N.W. 
Waterford.     P.  3,647. 

Port  Leschenault,  an  inl§t  of  W. 
Australia,  15  m.  in  length,  &  1  m.  across. 

Port  Lincoln,  a  settlement  of  S.  Aus- 
tralia, on  the  W.  side  of  Spencer  gulf. 

Port  Leon,  p-v.,  Leon  co.  Fla.,  22  m. 
S.  Tallahasse. 

Port  Louis,  a  eomm.  &  fortified  sea- 
port town  of  France,  dep.  Morbihan,  2J 
jn.  S.  Lorient,  on  a  peninsula  at  the  en- 
trance of  its  bay.     P.  2,571. 

Port  Louis,  the  cap.  town  of  the  isl. 
Mauritius,  at  the  head  of  a  bay,  on  its 
N.W.  side.  P.  35,000.  The  town  &  har- 
bor are  strongly  fortfd.,  but  the  entrance 
to  the  latter  is  difficult,  &   during  the 

hurricane  months  it  is  unsafe. II.  a 

marit.  town  of  Guadeloupe,  dist.  Grand 
Terre,  on  the  Great  Cul-de-Sac,  12  m.  N. 
Point-a-Pitre.      P.  with  vicinity,   4.688. 

Port  Macquahrie,  an  inlet  of  E.  Aus- 
tralia, at  the  mouth  of  Hastings  river, 
N.  of  New  South  Wales. 

Port  Mahon,  a  fortified  town  of  Spain, 
cap.  of  the  isl.  Minorca,  Balearic  isls.,.  on 
its  S.  side.     P.  13,102. 

Port  Mabia,  a  seaport  vill.,  Jamaica, 
on  its  N.  coast,  25  m.  E.  St.  Ann's. 

Port  Mulgrave,  a  harbor  on  the  E. 
Bide  of  Admiralty  bay,  Russian  America. 

Portnahaven,  a  fishing  vill.  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  Argyle,  20  m.  S.W.  Port  Askaig. 
P.  1,271. 

Port  Natal,  an  inlet  of  Natal,  E. 
Africa.  On  the  coast  between  it  &  the 
Cape  Colony  are  the  1st,  2d,  &  3d  Points 
of  Natal,  about  80  miles  apart. — Port 
D'  Urban,  on  N.  shore  of  this  inlet,  is  the 
port  of  the  British  colony  of  Natal. 

Port  Nicholson,  a,  harbor  of  New 
Zealand,  in  Cook's  strait. 

Porto,  a  prefix  to  the  names  of  several 

places  in  Brazil. 1.  (P.Alegre),  a  city, 

cap.  prov.,  S.  Pedro-do-Rio-Grande,  at  the 


N.  end  of  the  lake  of  Patos.  P.  with  sub- 
urbs, 12,000. II.  a  small  marit.  town, 

prov.  Bahia,  120  m.  S.S.W.  Porto  Seguro. 
P.  1,000. III.  a  town  in  the  nrov.  Rio- 
Grande- do-Norte,  190  m.  W.  Natal.     P. 

4,000. IV.  (P.  Bello),  a  small  town, 

prov.  Santa  Catharina.     P.  2,000. V. 

(P.  C'alvo),  a  town  in  the  prov.  &  50  m. 

N.E.  Alagoas.  '  P.  of  district,  8,000. 

VI.  (P.  das  Caixas),  a  town  in  the  prov. 
Rio-de-Janeiro,  with  a  port  on  the  Rio 

Aldeia,  37  m.  S.  Macafu. VII.   (P. 

das  Pedras),  a  town  in  the  prov.  &  47  m. 

N.E.  Alagoas.      P.  3,000. VIII.  (P. 

de  Moz),  a  marit.  town,  prov.  Para,  on 
r.  b.  of  the  Zingu,  40  m.  S.W.  Gurupa. 

P.  of  dist.  4,000. IX.  (P.  Feliz),    a 

town  in  prov.  &  50  m.  AV.N.W.  San  Paulo, 
on  Lb.  of  the  Tiete.     P.  of  dist.  10,000. 

X.  (P.  Seguro),  a  marit.  town,  prov. 

Esp.  Santo. 

Porto,  a  ruined  city  &  port  of  Italy, 
Pontif.  states,  14  m.  S.W.  Rome,  on  the 
Tiber. 

Porto  Atacames,  a  harb.  of  S.  Amer- 
ica, Ecuador,  on  the  Pacific,  100  m.  N.W. 
Quito. 

Portobello,  a  seaport  town  &  fashion- 
able summer  resort,  Scotland,  co.  Edin- 
burgh, in  a  plain  on  the  S.  bank  of  tho 
firth  of  Forth,  3  m.  E.  Edinburgh.  P. 
3,497. 

Porto  Buffole,  a  vill.  of  Austrian 
Italy,  gov.  Venice,  20  m'.  N.E.  Treviso. 

Porto  d'Anzo,  a  seaport  vill.  of  the 
Pontif.  sta.,  deleg.  Velletri,  on  the  Medi- 
terranean, 33  m.  S.SE.  Rome.  Its  ane. 
port  is  enclosed  by  two  fine  moles,  con- 
structed by  Nero. 

Pobto-Ercole.  a  petty  town  of  Tus- 
cany, 26  m.  S.  Grosseto. 

Porto  Ferrajo,  the  cap.  town  of  Elba, 
Tuscany,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  isl.  Elba. 
P.  4,426.  It  stands  at  the  extremity  of 
a  tongue  of  land,  enclosing  a  fine  harbor. 

Porto  Fino,  a  seaport  town,  N.  Italy, 
Sard,  dom.,  15  m.  E.S.E.  Genoa.  P.  of 
comm.  1,338. 

Portogruaro,  a  town  of  Austr.  Italy, 
27  m.  S.W.  Udine.     P.  3,000. 

Pokto  Lago,  a  small  town,  W.  Africa, 
on  the  Sierra  Leone  river,  50  xn.  E.N.E. 
Free-town. 

PoRTOLE,  an  inland  town  of  Istria,  20 
m.  S.S.E.  Trieste.     P.'2,300. 

PoRTO  Longone,  a  port  &  small  town 
'of  the  Ionian  island  Paxo,  on  its  N.W. 

side. II.  a  town  of  the  isl.  Elba,  on  its 

E.  side,  5  m.  S.E.  Porto  Ferrajo.  P.  1,700. 

Porto  Maggiore,  a  maritime  vill.  of 
N.  Italy,  Pontif  states,  on  the  Adriatic, 
4  m.  E.  Commachio.     P.  2,800. 


MMBAMki^Mttti  I 


por] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


621  - 


Porto  Maurizio,  a  town  of  N.  Italy, 
Sard,  dom.,  2  m.  W.S.W.  Oneglia.  P. 
■with  comm.,  6,481. 

Porto  Novo,  a  marit.  town  of  India, 
belonging  to  the  French,  on  the  Car- 
natic  coast,  30  m.  S.  Pondioherry. 

Port  Ontario,  p-v.,  port  of  entry,  Os- 
wego CO.  N.  Y.,  at  the  mouth  of  Salmon 
r.     P.  400. 

Porto  Praya,  the  cap.  town  of  the 
Cape  VerJ  islands,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of 
the  isl.  Santiago.  Trade  chiefly  in  salt, 
orchill,  &  slaves. 

Porto  Re,  a  town  of  Croatia,  on  the 
gulf  of  Quarnero,  8  m.  S.E.  Fiume. 

Porto  Recanati,  a  small  fishing  town 
of  Itiily,  Pontif  sta.,  4  m.  S.W.  Loreto. 
P.  3  052. 

Porto  Eico,  one  of  the  Spanish  W. 
India  isls  ,  between  Hayti  &  the  Virgin 
isls.,  lat.  17°  56'  to  18°  32'  N.,  Ion.  65° 
40'' to  67°  20'  VV.,  having  S.  the  Carib- 
bean sea,  &  N.  the  Atlantic  ocean.  L., 
E.  to  W..  110  m.,  br.  40  m.  Area,  3,750 
sq.  m.  P.  650,000,  of  whom  but  45,000 
are  slaves.  A  mountain  range  extends 
B.  to  W.  through  the  island,  &  from  their 
•  sides  descend  many  small  rivers,  some 
of  which  are  navig.  for  several  leagues 
from  the  sea.  Coasts  indented  by  nu- 
merous good  harbors.  l-15th  of  the  sur- 
face is  under  culture.  14,803  acres  are 
appropriated  to  the  sugar-cane,  30,070  to 
plantations,  40,000  to  rice  &  maize,  & 
16,992  to  coffee.  Total  value  of  exports, 
5,054,905  dollars  ;  of  imports,  4,342,540. 
Trade  chiefly  with  Spain  &  the  Spanish 
American  colonies,  the  U.  States,  Great 
Britain,  &  N.  Germany.  It  is  divided 
into  7  daps.  Principal  towns,  San  Juan 
de  Porto  Rico,  Mayaguas,  Ponea,  & 
Guayama.  Public  revenue,  $798,400. 
Porto  Rico  was  discovered  by  Columbus 
In  1493. II.  (Sak  Juan  de),  the  prin- 
cipal city  &  seaport  of  the  above  isl.,  on 
a  small  isl.  off  its  N.  coast.  P.  11,000. 
It  is  strongly  fortified,  regularly  laid  out. 
well  drained,  &  altogether  one  of  the 
best  &  healthiest  towns  in  the  W.  Indies. 

Porto  Sal  Rev,  a  town  of  Boa  Vista, 
Cape  Verd  isls.,  on  its  W.  coast. 

Porto  Santo,  one  of  the  Madeira 
isls.,  Atlantic  ocean,  26  ra.  N.E.  Madeira. 
L.  8  m.,  br.3m.     P.  6,000. 

Port  of  Spain,  the  chief  town  of  the 
island  of  Trinidad,  on  its  "VV.  coast.  P. 
11,693.  It  is  one  of  the  handsomest  towns 
in  the  W.  Indies. 

Porto  Vecchio,  a  fortified  town  of 
the  isl.  Corsica,  on  an  inlet  of  E.  coast, 
15  m.  N.N.E.  Bonifacio.     P.  2,015. 

Porto  Veneee,  a  town  &  port  of  N. 


Italy,  44  m.  S.E.  Genoa,  on  a  marble 
rock. 

Port  Patrick,  a  seaport  town  of 
Scotland,  co.  Wigtown,  on  the  Irish  chan- 
nel, 6i  m.  S.S.W.  Stranraer. 

Port  Phillip,  a  bay  of  the  S.  coast  of 
Australia.  L.  &  br.  about  35  m.  each  ; 
entrance  nearly  2  m.  across,  &  it  is  ca- 
pable of  receiving  all  the  navies  of  civil- 
ized nations. 

Port  Plate,  a  seaport  town  of  Hayti, 
on  the  N.  coast,  12  m.  N.W.  Santiago. 

Portree,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Inverness.     P.  3,574. 

Port  Republicain,  the  cap.  city,  & 
principal  seaport  of  llayti,  on  its  W. 
coast,  at  the  head  of  the  bay  of  Gonaives. 
Lat.  18°  35'  N.,  Ion,  72°  18'  W.  P.  20,- 
000. (?)  It  is  partially  fortified,  irregu- 
larly built,  &  chiefly  of  wood. 

Port  Royal,  a  fortified  town  of  Ja- 
maica, at  the  extremity  of  a  long  sandy 
tongue  of  land,  3  m.  S.W.  Kingston. 

Port-Sainte-Marie,  a  comm.  & 
town  of  France,  dep.  Lot-et-Garonne,  11 
m.  V/.N.W.  Agen.     P.  1,818. 

PoRTSEA,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  Hants, 
the  pa.  comprising  most  part  of  the  isl. 
Portsea.  P.  43,678.  The  town,  facing 
Portsmouth  harbor,  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
island  immediately  N.  Portsmouth,  is 
regularly  fortified  on  the  E.,  &  entered 
by  two  noble  gates. — Portsea  island  lies 
between  Portsmouth  &  Langston  harbors. 
P.  53,259. 

Port  Sir  Francis  Drake,  Upper 
California,  is  a  little  W.  of  Port  San 
Francisco. 

Portsmouth,  a  fortified  seaport  town, 
&  the  princip.  naval  station  of  Engl.,  co. 
Hants,  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Portsea- 
island,  &  at  the  entrance  to  its  famous 
harbor,  22  m.  S.E.  Southampton,  95  m. 
S.W.  London.  P.  of  the  island,  72,676. 
The  town,  which  is  the  most  perfect  for- 
tress in  Great  Britain,  is  enclosed  by 
bastioned  ramparts,  faced  with  masonry, 
planted  with  elms,  surrounded  by  trenches 
&  out-works,  &  entered  by  four  carriage- 
wa3's.  It  has  a  good  main  street,  & 
rhuch  of  the  town  is  well  built  &  improv- 
ing. On  its  W.  side  is  an  insular  quar- 
ter termed  the  "  Point,"  bounding  its 
commercial  port,  &  a  seat  of  very  active 
traffic  in  time  of  war. — Portsmouth,  har- 
bor is  an  inlet  of  the  Engl,  channel,  W. 
of  Portsea  island,  about  4  m.  in  length 
by  5  or  6  m.  in  greatest  breadth.  At  its 
entrance  it  is  only  220  yards  across,  but 
within  it  the  whole  British  navy  might  ride 
in  perfect  security. II.  a  city  &  sea- 
port, N.  H.,  of  which  it  is  the  largest  town, 


622 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[POR 


on  a  peninsula  on  rt.  bank  of  the  Pis- 
cataqua,  here,  crossed  by  2  bridges,  one 
1,750  ft,  in  length.  3  m.  from  the  Atlan- 
tic, 38  m.  E.S.E.  Concord,  &  52  m.N.N.E. 
Boston.  P.  9,738.  It  is  well  built,  & 
has  numerous  churches,  an  athenasum, 
with  a  library  of  5,000  vols.,  museums,  a 
state  lupatic  asylum,  court-house,  jail,  2 
market-houses,  various  banks,  &  alms- 
houses. The  harbor,  with  40  ft.  water  at 
low  tide,  is  quite  landlocked,  &  defended 
by  several  forts  ;  &  on  Navy  island  is  a 
large  &  excellent  U.  States  navy  yard. 
Portsmouth  has  woollen  manufs.,  tanner- 
ies, distilleries,  ship-building,  &  a  con- 
•siderable  trade,  though  much  of  its  com- 
merce has  been  transferred  of  late  to 
Boston  &  Portland.  Many  of  its  inhabs. 
are  engaged  in  the  cod  fishery.    Tonnage, 

25,457  54. III.   city '&    seaport,  Va., 

cap.  CO.  Norfolk,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Elizabeth  river  in  Chesapeake  bay  oppo- 
site Norfolk,  &  85  m.  S.E.  Puchmond.  It 
has  various  churches,'  a  court-house,  ma- 
sonic hall,  theatre,  military  academy,  & 
in  its  suburb  Gosport,  a  U.  S.  navy  yard, 
dry-dock,  &  naval  hospital.  Vessels  of 
the  largest  size  come  up  to  its  wharfs. 
It  is  connected  bv  railway  with  Roanoke 

&    Charleston.     "P.   6,371. IV.    p-v., 

cap.  Scioto  CO.  0.  P.  1,600.  It  has  valu- 
able fisheries,  a  coasting  trade,  &  mines 
of  plumbago  &  coal. 

Portsoy,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotl.,  co. 
Banff,  5  m.  E.  CuUen.     P.  1,523. 

Port  Stephens,  an  island  of  New  S. 
Wales,  CO.  Gloucester,  18  m.  N.E.  Port 
Hunter. 

Port  St.  Pere,  acomra.  &  mkt.  town 
of  France,  dep.  Loire  Inf ,  17  miles  S.E. 
Paimboeuf.     P.  1,826. 

Poet-sur-Saone,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Saone,  on  the  Saone,  7 
m.  N.W.  Vesoul.     P.  1,881. 

Port  Toeacco,  p-v.,  cap.  Charles  co. 
Md.,  32  m.  from  Washington.     P.  600. 

PoRTUDAL,  a  marit.  vill.  of  W.  Africa, 
Senegambia,  on  the  Atlantic,  35  m.  S.E. 
Cape  Verd. 

Portugal,  a  country  of  S.W.  Europe, 
forming  the  W.  portion  of  the  Iberian 
peninsula,  &  situated  between  lat.  36° 
57'  &  42°  8'  N.,  &  Ion.  6°  15'  &  9°  32' 
W.,  bounded  E.  &  N.  by  Spain,  S.  &  W. 
by  the  Atlantic  ocean,  cap.  Lisbon.  L., 
N.  to  S.,  368  m.,  br.  80  to  140  ra.  It  is 
divided  into  7  provinces.  Area,  35,268 
sq.  m.  P.  3,412,500.  The  surface  has  a 
general  inclination  from  N.E.  to  S.W. 
It  is  traversed  by  several  mntn.  ranges, 
chieiiy  prolongations  of  the  Spanisii 
mountains.     The  largest  plain  is  that  of 


I  Alemtejo,  S.  of  the  Tagus.     There  are 
'  no  lakes  in  Portugal,  but  several  salt 
marshes.     The  coast  line,  500  m.  in  ex- 
tent, presents  along  its  shores  manj'  fine 
harbors.     The  soil  is  naturally  rich,  & 
the  country  picturesque.     Husbandry  is 
conducted  in  the  most  slovenly  manner, 
&   there    are   few  passable   roads.     The 
cultivation  of  the  vine  is  the  most  im- 
portant branch  of  industry,  &  the  pro- 
duce of  the  vinej'ards,  watered  by  the 
upper  Douro,  termed  port,  is  the  staple 
export.     There  are  extensive   forests  of 
oak  in  the  N.,  chestnut  in  the  centre,  & 
the  sea  pine,  kermes  &  cork  in  the  south. 
The  olive  oil  is  of  inferior  quality.    There 
are  numerous  salt  marshes  on  the  coast, 
&  200  mineral  springs  are  enumerated. 
The    manufs.    are   very   limited.      The 
trade  of  the  country  is  mostly  conducted 
by   the    English   and    other    foreigners. 
The  government  of  Portugal  is  a  consti- 
tutional  monarchy,  the    religion   of  the 
state  is  Roman  Catholic.     Educational 
establishments  are  very  defective.     Por- 
tugal, which  forms  the  greater  part  of 
the  ancient  Lusitania,  was  successively 
conquered  by  the  Romans  in  the  2d  cen- 
tury B.C.,   by  the   Visigoths  in  the    6th 
century,  by  the   Arabs  in  712  &  715,  & 
afterwards  by  the  Christians  of  Spain. 
In    1139,    Alphonse   Henriquez,  son  of 
Henry   of   Burgundy,    having   gained  a 
victory  over  the   Moors  at  Ourique,  was 
proclaimed  the  first  king  of  Portugal.  In 
1348,  one  half  of  the  p.  died  of  the  plague. 
The  dynasty  of  Burgundy  governed  the 
country  till  1380.     About  this  period  the 
country  rose  to  the  highest  point  of  polit- 
ical &  commercial  splendor.      The  Por- 
tuguese discovered  the  greater  part  of 
the  W.  &  S.  coasts  of  Africa,  &  the  mari- 
time route  to  India,  &  founded   numer- 
ous colonies  ;    they  also  took  possession 
of  Brazil,  &  retiunod  it  till  1826,  when  it 
finally  separated  itself.     On  the  invasion 
of  the  French  in  1807,  the  royal  family 
went  to  Brazil.     From  1827  to  1833,  the 
throne  was  usurped  by  Don  Miguel ;    in 
1836  several  changes  were  introduced,  & 
the  existing  constitution  vvas  established. 
The  once  flourishing  &,  vast  colonies  of  the 
Portuguese  in  Asia  are  now  reduced  to 
small  territories.    Army  (in  1849)  28,100 
men,  of  whom  only  1,800  were  in  active 
service.    Navy,  2  ships  of  the  line,  6  frig- 
ates, 8  corvettes,  11  gun  brigs,  7  schoon- 
ers, &  2  steamers.     Revenue,  2,214,225/.i 
Public  debt,  1,673,284^. 

PoRTUGALETE,  a  town  &  river  port  of 
Spain,  prov.  Biscay,  7  m.  N.N.W.  Bil- 
bao.    P.  1,200. 


INIVKRSAL    OAZKriKER. 


623 


PoRTUGUESA,  a  river  of  S.  America, 
Venezuela,  joins  the  Apure.     L.  300  m. 

PoRTUMNA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Irel.,  Con- 
naught,  CO.  Galvvay,  17  m.  E.S.E.  Lojigli- 
rea.     P.  1,643. 

Port  Vallais,  a  vill.  of  Switzerl.,  cant. 
Valais,  li  m.  from  the  lake  of  Geneva. 

Port  Vendres,  a  comm.  &  seaport 
town  of  France,  dep.  E.  Pyrenees,  on  the 
Mediterranean,  with  a  harbor,  formed 
by  a  projecting  tongue  of  land,  17  miles 
S.E.  Perpignan.     P.  1,305. 

Posadas,  a  town  of  Spain,  19  miles 
W.S.W.  Cordova,  on  the  Guadalquivir. 
P.  3,736; 

PoscEGA,  a  town,  Austrian  Slavonia, 
cap.  CO.,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Orlyava.  P.  6,850. 

PoscHEGON,  or  PoscHECHONJE,  a  town 
of  Russia,  69  m.N.W.  Jaroslavl.  P.  3,030. 

PoscHiAvo,  a  small  town  of  Switzer- 
land, cant.  Grisons,  on  the  Italian  side 
of  the  Alps,  16  m.  S.W.  Bormio. 

PosEN  (Grand  Duchy  of),  or  Prus- 
sian Poland,  a  prov.  of  Prussia,  having 
E.  Russian  Poland,  S.  Silesia,  V/.  Bran- 
denburg, &  N.  Prussia.  Area,  11,401  sq. 
m.  P.  1,364,399,  mostly  Poles.  Surface 
mostly  level,  &  in  some  parts  marshy.  It 
contains  numerous  small  lakes.  Cli- 
mate healthy,  but  cold.  The  inhabs.  are 
mostly  engaged  in  agriculture  &  cattle 
rearing. II.  a  fortified  city  of  Prus- 
sia, cap.  grand  duchy  Poson,  on  the 
"Warta  &  Lowna,  100  m.  E.  Frankfiirt- 
oa-the-Oder.  P.  32,000.  It  is  walled  & 
entered  by  4  gates.  &  has  a  cital.  on  an  ad- 
jac't  height.  Posen was cap.ofano.  Poland. 

Posey,  S.W.  co.  la.     Area,  450  sq.  m. 

Cap.    Mount  Vernon.     P.  15,549.- II. 

t,  Clay  CO.  la.     P.  1,201.-111.  town, 

Harrison  co.  la.     P.  1,374. IV.  town, 

Fayette    co.  la.     P.   1,113 V.  town, 

Washington  CO.  la.     P.  1,591. VI.  t., 

Switzerland  CO.  la.     P.  2,103. 

Posing,  a  town  of  N.W.  Hungary,  co. 
&  12  m.  N.E.  Presburg.     P.  4,950. 

Possagno.  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy, 
23  m.  N.W.  Treviso,  with  2,500  inhabs. 

Possneck,  a  walled  town  of  Central 
Germany,  11m.  E.N.E.  Saalfeld,  on  an 
affl.  of  the  Oi-la.     P.  3,668. 

PosTiGLioNE,  a  town  of  ISTaples,  27  m. 
S.E.  Salerno.     P.  3,700. 

PoTEAU,  r..  Ark.,  enters  the  Ark. 

PoTENZA,  a  fortified  town  of  Naples, 
cap.  prov.  Basilieata,  on  the  E.  declivity 
of  the  Apennines,  57  m.  E.S.E.  Salerno. 
P.  8,900.  It  has  a  fine  cathedral  of  Do- 
ric architecture,   6  convents,  &  a  royal 

college. II.  a  small  river  of  the  Pon- 

tif.  sta.,  flows  E.N.E.  about  50  m.,  &  en- 
ters the' Adriatic. 


PoTH^RiE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Maine-et- Loire,  5  m.  N.  Conde.  P. 
1,754. 

PoTi,  a  fort  of  Asiatic  Russia,  on  the 
S.  bank  of  the  Rion,  near  its  mouth  in 
the  Black  sea. 

PoTi,  or  PuTi,  a  mercantile  town  of 
Brazil,  120  m.  N.  Oeiras,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Parnahiba. 

Potomac,  a  river,  rises  by  2  heads  in 
the  Alleghany  mountains,  flows  tortu- 
ously S.E.,  along  the  boundary  between 
Maryland  &  Virginia,  &  enters  Chesa- 
peake bay  by  a  mouth  10  m.  in  width, 
after  a  very  turbulent  course  of  400  m., 
for  300  m.  of  which,  to  Washington,  it  is 
navigable  for  ships  of  the  line.  Above 
Washington  it  is  obstructed  by  numerous 
Jails  &  rapids,  around  all  which  canals 
have  been  constructed. 

Potosi,  a  dep.  of  Bolivia,  having  W. 
S.  Peru.  Estimated  area,  31,800  sq.  m., 
&  pop.  250,000.  Surface  mountainous. 
It  contains  the  richest  silver  mines  in  S. 
Ainerica.  Chief  city — Potosi,  situated 
on  the  N.  declivity  of  the  Cerro  de  Potosi, 
70  m.  S.AV.  Chuquisaca.  Elev.  13,330  ft. 
P.  30,000  ;  early  in  the  17th  century,  it 
is  believed  to  have  had  from  100,000  to 
150,000  inhabs.  It  stands  on  uneven 
ground,  &  has  in  its  centre  a  spacious 
sq.  &  an  obelisk  erected  in  1825,  in  honor 
of  Bolivar.  The  vicinity  is  barren  & 
cheerless,  &  all  articles  of  merchandise 
are  dear. — The  Cerro  de  Potosi  is  18  m. 
in  eirc,  with  an  elevation  of  16,152  feet, 

&  is   rich  in   metallic  ores. II.  p-v., 

cap.  Washington  co.  Mo.     P.  500. 

Potschaev,  a  town  of  Russ.  Poland,  9 
m.  S.W.  Kremenetz.     P.  1,800. 

Potschinki,  a  town  of  Russia,  120  m. 
S.S.E.  Nij nil-Novgorod.     P.  4,000. 

Potsdam,  a  city  of  Prussia,  at  the 
confl.  of  the  Ruthe  with  the  Havel,  17  m. 
S.W.  Berlin.  P.  38,000.  It  is  one  of  the 
finest  &  most  regularly  built  towns  in 
Germany.  It  has  many  fine  buildings, 
ornamented  with  statuary,  &  many  ele- 
gant squares,  in  one  of  which  is  a  marble 
obelisk,  76  feet  high,  with  the  names  of 
the  rulers  of  Prussia.  It  has  a  large 
manuf.  of  fir6-arms,  &  cotton  &  silk  ma- 
nufs.  It  is  the  birthplace  of  Alex,  von 
Humboldt.  In  its  immediate  vicinity  is 
the   palace    of   Sans-souci,   the  favorite 

residence  of  Fred,  the  Great. II-  p-t., 

St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  P.  5,349.  The 
V.  is  on  Racket  r.,  at  the  falls.     P.  900. 

Pottawatomie,  co.  Iowa.     P.  7,828. 

Pottendorf,  a  mkt.  town  of  Lower 
Austria,  20  m.  S.  Vienna.  '  P.  2,846. 

Potter,  N.  co.  Pa.     Area,  1,110  sq.m. 


624 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[poz 


Cap.  Condersport.    P.  6,048. Il.p-t, 

Yates  CO.  N.  Y.      P.  2,194. III.  t., 

Centre  co.  Pa.     P.  1,787. 

Potteries  (The),  sevl.  towns  &  vills. 
of  Engl.,  CO.  Stafford,  have  this  name. 

PoTTERNEWTON,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  CO. 
York,  W.  Riding.     P.  1,241. 

PoTTSGROVB,  t.,  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 
P.  1,361. 

PoTTsviLLB,  p-b.,  Schuylkill  co.  Pa. 
P.  4,375. 

PouANCE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Maine-et-Loire,  33  m.  N.W.  An- 
gers.    P.  1,375. 

PouLTENEY,  r.,   Vt.,   flows  into  Lake 

Champlain.     L.  ?5  m. II.  t.,  Rutland 

CO.  Vt.     P.  1,878. 

PouNDRiDGE,  p-t.,  Westchester  co.  Pa. 
P.  1,487. 

PouGHKBEPSiE,  a  tnshp.  &  vill..  New 
York,  cap.  Dutchess  co.,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Hudson,  68  m.  S.  Albany.  P.  13,944. 
The  vill.  is  large,  &  has  a  collegiate 
school,  with  a  fine  edifice,  Dutchess  acad- 
emy, &e. 

PouGUEs,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  with  mineral  baths,  dep;  Nievre, 
7  m.  N.N.W.  Nevers.     P.  1,178. 

PouiLLON,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Landes,  30  m.  S.W.  Mont- 
de-Marsan.     P.  3,163. 

PouiLLY,  several  comms.  &  towns  of 

France. 1,  (siir  Loire),  dep.  Nievre, 

on  the  Loire,  22  m.  N.N.AV.  Nevers.     P. 

2,000. II.  {sur  Charlieu),  dep.  Loire, 

7  m.  N.  Roanne.     P.  1,534'. III.  {en 

Montas^ne),  dep.  COte-d'-Or, cap. cant.,  21 
m.  N.W.  Beaune.     P.  1,200. 

PouiNiPETE,  an  island  of  the  Pacific 
ocean,  Carolines,  &  the  largest  of  the  Se- 
niavine  group.  Lat.  6°  52'  N.,  Ion.  158° 
24'  E. 

PouLAiNES,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Indre,  21  m.  N.W.  Issoudun.  P. 
2,000. 

PouLDEHGAT,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Finistere,  10  m.  W.N.W.  Quimper. 
P.  2,000. 

PouLiGNY,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Indre,  on  the  Suir.     P.  2,048. 

PouLLAN,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Finistere,  15  m,  W.N.W.  Quimper. 
2,997. 

PouLLAOuEN,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Finistere,  5  m.  N.AV.  Car- 
haix.     P.  3,680. 

■PouLTNEY,  two  townships. 1.  Ver- 
mont,   62    m.   S.S.W.    Montpelier.      P. 

1,878. II.  t^  New  York,  Steuben  co. 

P.  1,784. 

PouLTON,  a  market  town  of  Engl.,  oo. 
&  17  m.  SSW.  LancaBter. 


PouncAiN  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  AUier,  18  m.  S.  Moulins. 
P.  3,390. 

PouRRiERBs,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Var,  7  m.  W.N.W.  St.  Max- 
imin.     P.  1,820. 

PoussAN,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Herault,  13  m.~  S.W.  Moijtpellier. 
P.  1,931. 

Pou-TCHOu,  a  city  of  China,  prov.  Shan- 
si,  cap.  dep. 

PouTivL,  a  town  of  Russia,  100  m. 
W.S.W.  Koursk.     P.  9,000. 

PouTROYE,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Rhin,  13  m.  W.N.W.  Col- 
mar.     P.  2,630. 

PouzAUGEs,  a  town  of  France,  dep. 
Vendee,  cap.  cant.,  20  m.  N,  Fontenay. 
P.  1;131. 

PouziN  (Le),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Ardeche,  7  m.  E.  Privas.     P.  1,153. 

PovENETZ,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Olonetz,  70  m.  N.  Petrozavodsk.  P. 
1,530. 

Povv,  numerous  sluggish  streams  in 
Scotland. 

PowELS,  river,  Va.,  unites  with  the 
Clinch.     Boatable  100  m. 

PowHATTAN,  a  central  eo.  Va.  Area, 
300  sq.  m.     Cap.  Scottsville.     P.  8,178. 

PowEsHREK,  CO.  lowa.     P.  615. 

Powis,  the  ancient  British  name  of  an 
eastern  portion  of  Wales. 

PowNAL,  town,  Cumberland   co.   Me. 

P.   1,120. II.  t.,   Bennington  co.  Vt. 

P.  1,163. 

Pownal-Fee,  is  a  township  of  Engl., 
CO.  Chester.     P.  1,895. 

PowNEE,  a  fortified  town  of  India, 
Berar  dom.,  36  m.  S.E.  Nagpoor. 

Powow,  riv.,  N.  H.,  falls  into  the  Mer- 
rimac. 

PoxiM,  a  town  of  Brazil,  25  m.  S.S.W. 
Alagoas.     P.  3,000. 

PoYAis,  a  riv.  &  dist.  of  Cent.  America, 
Mosquito  territory,  with  a  settlement  on 
the  river. 

Po-Yang,  a  large  lake  of  China,  prov. 
Kiang-si,  in'  its  N.  part.  L.  80  m.,  gr. 
br.  40  miles. 

PoYSDORP,  a  mkt.  town  of  Lower  Aus- 
tria, 26  m.  N.N.E.  Korneuburg.  P. 
2,500. 

PozA  DE  LA  Sal,  two  towns  of  Spaini 

1,  prov.  &  20  m.  NJST.E.  Burgos.    P. 

2,670. II.  prov.  Valladolid. 

Pozoblanco,  a  town  of  Spain,  62  m. 
N.E.  Cordova.     P.  6,748. 

PozoHONDO,  a  market  town  of  Spain, 
20  m.  S.  Albacete.     P.  2,820. 

Pozzo  Di  Goto,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in- 
tend. Messina,  7  m.  S.  Milazzo.    P. "3,500. 


'RO] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


625 


PozzoLO  PoHMiGARO,  a  towD  of  Sard. 
dom.,  28  m.  N.W.  Genoa.     P.  3,721. 

Pozzo  Maggiore,  a  vill.  of  the  island 
Sardinia,  21  m.  E.S.E.  Alghero.  P.  of 
comm.  2,566. 

Pracheutz,  or  Peachatitz,  a  town, 
Bohemia,  22  m.  S.S.W.  Pisek.     P.  2,470. 

Prachin,  a  eire.  in  the  S.W.  part  of 
Bohemia.     Chf.  town  Pisek. 

Pradelles,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Loire,  19  m.  S.  Le  Puy.  P. 
1,500. 

Phades,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Pyrenees,  24  m.  W.S.W.  Perpig- 
.  nan.     P.  2,680. 

Prado,  a  market  town  of  Portugal, 
on  the  Cavado,   3  m.  N.W.  Braga.     P. 

7,000.  (7) II.  a  town,   Brazil,   70  m. 

S.  Porto  Seguro,  at  the  moiilh  of  the  riv- 
er Jucurucu. III.  (El),  a  mkt.  town, 

Spain,    28  m.   N.W.   Toledo.    P.   3,000. 
lY.  (del  Rey),  prov.  Cadiz.    P.  2,000. 

Prjestoe,  a  small  maritime  town  of 
Denmark,  island  Seeland,  Baltic,  13  m. 
E.S.E.  Nyestad. 

Phaga,  a  town  of  Poland,  opposite 
Warsaw,  from  which  it  is  parted  by  the 
Vistula,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge.  P. 
4,000. 

Prague,  a  city  of  Europe,  cap.  of  the 
king,  of  Bohemia,  near  its  centre,  on  the 
Moldau,  160  m.  N.N.W.  Vienna,  &  75  m. 
S.S.E.  Dresden.  P.  68,695.  It  stands  in 
a  basin-shaped  valley  surrounded  by  five 
hills,  on  the  slopes  of  which  the  houses 
rise  in  successive  tiers  from  the  water's 
edge  ;  it  is  about  12  m.  in  circum.,  &  is 
enclosed  by  fortifications.  The  Moldau, 
which  flows  N.  through  the  city,  is  cross- 
ed near  the  middle  by  the  celeb'ted  stone 
bridge  1.855  feet  long,  ornamented  with 
groups  of  statuarj'-,  &  having  a  lofty 
tower  at  each  end,  built  in  the  15th  cen- 
tury ;  &  at  the  S.  end  of  the  Kleinseite 
crossed  by  a  modern  chain  bridge  which 
rests  on  the  small  island  called  "  Little 
Venice."  Prague,  peculiar  in  iis  archi- 
tecture, &  from  its  numerous  domes,  i 
spires,  &  turrets,  has  quite  an  oriental 
aspect.  Prague  has  many  learned  &  sci- 
entific societies  ;  the  university  founded 
by  Charles  IV.  in  1348  is  remarkable  as 
the  first  school  of  learning  established  in 
Germany;  it  has  71  profs.  &  2,741  stu- 
dents. It  is  the  birth-place  of  Jerome 
of  Prague. 

Prairie,  t..  Holmes  co.  0.     P.  1,249. 

II.  t.,  Howard  co.  111.     P..l,863. 

III.  (Bu  Chien),  p-v.,  cap.  Crawford 

CO.  Wis.,  on  the  l^Iississippi,  3  m.  abovQ 
the  mouth  of  the  Wisconsin.    Rich  copper 

mines  are  near.     P.  2,498. IV.  {Bu 

27 


(Sac),  p-v.,  cap.  Sauk  co.  Wis. -V.  {La 

Porte),  p-v.,  cap.  Clayton  co.  Iowa. 

Phaszka,  or  Prauska,  a  town  of  Po- 
land, 50  m.  S.S.E.  Kalicz,  on  the  Prosna. 
P.  2,000. 

Peato,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  Tus- 
cany, 10  m.  N.W.  Florence,  on  the  Bisen- 

zio.    P.  1,207. Prato  Vecchio  is  a  vill. 

24  m.  E.  Florence,  on  the  Arno,  enclosed 
by  walls.     P.  3,500. 

Pratola,  a  vill.  of  Naples.  2J  miles 
N.W.  Sulmona.     P.  3,700. 

Prats-de-Mollo,  a  comm.  &  fortfd.  t. 
of  France,  dep.  E.  Pyrenees,  14  m.  S.W. 
Ceret.    P.  1,555. 

PRATTSBrRG,  p-t.,  Steuben  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  2,786. 

Praule-Point,  a  headland  of  Eng- 
land, formirig  the  extreme  S.  point  of  co. 
Devon. 

Prausnitz,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Silesia, 
18  m.  W.N.W.  Breslau.     P.  2,450. 

Pravadi,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Bulgaria,  28  m.  S.E.  Shumla. 

Pkavia,  a  mkt.  town  of  Spain,  14  m. 
N.W.  Oviedo,  on  the  Nalon.     P.  1,153. 

Prayssac,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Lot,  13  m.  W.N.W.  Cahors. 
P.  2,000. 

Prayssas,  a  coram.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Lot-et-Garonne,  8  m.  N.W.  Agen. 
P.  1,803. 

Pheanger,  a  Dutch  residency  of  Java. 

P.  700,000.    Chf.  products  coffee  &  indigo. 

Peeble,  a  CO.,  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Ohio. 

Area,    432  sq.  m.     P.   21,736. II.  a 

township.    New  York,    co.  Cortland.     P. 
I,3r2. 

Precheur  (Le),  a  inkt.  town  of  the 
island  Martinique,  on  its  W.  coast,  4^  m. 
N.W.  St.  Pierre.     P.  3,403. 

Peecigne,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Sarthe,  12  m.  W.N.W.  La 
Fleche.     P.  1,266. 

Preez,  a  mkt.  town  of  Denmark,  duchy 
Ho'stein,  8  m.  S.S.E.  Kiel.    P.  4,750. 

Peegel,  a  river  of  E.  Prussia,  formed 
by  the  union  of  the  Angerap  &  Pissa,  en- 
ters the  Frische-Haff  after  a  course  of 
120  miles,  for  the  last  45  of  which  it  is 
navigable. 

Premery,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Nievre,  15  m.  N.B.  Nevers.  P. 
1,113. 

Premiti,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Epirus,  55  m.  E.S.E.  Valona. 

Pheny,  a  town  of  Poland,  on  the  Me- 
mel.     P.  2,500. 

Phenzlow,  a  town  of  Prussia,  71  m. 
N.N.B.  Potsdam,  on  the  Ucker.  P.  11,600. 
Preparis  Isles,  a  group  in  the  bay 
of  Bengal. 


626 


.CVCLOP^DIA    OF    GKO-GliAPHV. 


[PRI 


Prbrau,  a  town  of  Moravia,  on  the 
Betschwa,   15  m.  S.E.  Olmiitz.     P.  3,400. 

Pkesba,  a  small  town  of  Europ.  Tur- 
key, 16  m.  S.E.  Ochrida. 

Presburg,  a  town  &  the  legislative 
cap.  of  Hungary,  on  the  Danube,  34  m. 
E.S.B.  Vienna,  with  which  city  it  com- 
municates by  railway.  P.  38,000.  It 
has  a  large  transit  trade  in  corn,  linen, 
&  Hungarian  wines. 

Prescot.  a  mkt.  town,  Engl.,  co.  Lan- 
caster, 8  m.E.N.E.  Liverpool.  P.  56,073. 
II.  t,  Canada.     P.  2,156. 

Preservation  Harbor,  a  fine  bay  of 
New  Zealand. 

Phesque  Isle,  N.E.  co.  Mich.  Area, 
720  sq.  m. 

Pressath,  a  mkt.  town  of  Bavaria,  20 
m.  S.E.  Baireuth.     P.  1,756. 

Presteign,  a  mkt.  town  of  England  & 
Wales,  on  the  Lugg.     P.  2,228. 

Preston,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  Lancas- 
ter, on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Kibble,  30  m. 

N.N.B.  Liverpool.     P .    The  town 

has  a  broad  main  street,  &  a  large  mkt. 
place,  &  is  well  built,  drained,  &  lighted, 

&  near  it  are  good  public  walks. II. 

a  northern  co.  Va.     Area,  501  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Kingwood.     P.  11,708. III.  t.. 

New  London  co.  Conn.     P.  1,728.^ IV. 

p-t.,  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  P.  1,082.— 
Preston  cape  is  a  headland  of  N.W.  Aus- 
tralia, IvitD's  Land. — Preston  river,  W. 
Australia,  dist.  Wellington,  after  a  N.W. 
course  enters  Leschenault  bay,  S.W.  Au- 
Btralind. V.  p-v.,  cap.  Floyd  co.  Ky. 

Prestonpans,  a  seaport  town  of  Sootl., 
CO.  Haddington,  on  the  firth  of  Forth,  8^ 
m.  E.  Edinburgh.     P.  1,659. 

Pretsh,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
43  m.  N.E.  Merseburg,  on  the  Elbe.  P. 
1,850. 

Prettin,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
&  45  m.  E.N.E.  Merseburg,  on  the  Elbo. 
P.  1,636. 

Pheuilly,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Indre-et-Loire,  19  m.  S.W.  Loches. 
P.  2,068. 

Prevesa,  a  fortified  town  of  European 
Turkey,  Epirus,  18  m.  S.W.  Arta.  P. 
4,000. — The  bat/  of  Prevesa,  between  the 
sea  &  the  gulf  of  Arta,  is  about  4  m.  in 
length'. 

Prez-en-Pail,  a  comm.  &  market 
town  of  France,  dep.  &  21  m.  N.E.  May- 
enne,  cap.  cant.     P.  3,495. 

Priaman,  a  marit.  town  of  Sumatra, 
on  its  W.  coast,  20  m.  N.  Padang. 

Pribylov  Islands,  a  group  in  Behr- 
ing  sea. 

Pridroisk,  a  market  town  of  Kussian 
Poland,  19  m.  W.N.W.  Drissa.    P.  1,500. 


Priebus,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
57  m.  W.N.W.  Liegnitz,  on  the  Neisse. 
P.  1,062. 

Priego,  a  town  of  Spain,  36  m.  S.E. 
Cordova.    P.    13,464.     It  has  14  public 

fountains. II.  a  town,  24  m.  N.N.W. 

Cuen^a.     P.  1,290. 

Priepol,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Bosnia.     P.  2,000. 

Priestholm,  an  islet  of  N.  Wales,  co. 
&  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Anglesey. 

Priestwick,  a  burgh  of  barony  of 
Scotl.,  CO.  Ayr.    P.  1,152. 

Priluka,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  20  m. 
S.  Ma,shnovka.     P.  1,550. 

Priluki,  a  town  of  Russia,  123  miles 
N.W.  Poltava.     P.  3,250. 

Prince  Charles  Island,  off  the  W. 
coast  of  Spitzbergen. 

Prince  Edward  Island,  one  of  tho 
British  colonies  of  N.  America,  in  tha 
gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  separated  S.  &  W. 
from  Nova  Scotia  &^New  Brunswick  by 
Northumberland  strait.  Area,  2,150  sq. 
m.  P.  56,000.  Most  of  the  grains  k 
vegetables  raised  in  England  come  to 
perfection  in  this  colony  ;  timber  is  plenti- 
ful, &  the  pastures  are  of  a  superior 
quality.  The  fisheries  are  important. 
Charlottetown  is  the  cap.  Principal  vills. 
are  George  Town,  St.  David's,  &  Dart- 
mouth.  II.  an  island  of  Upper  Cana- 
da, on  the  W.  side  of  Lake  Ontario.  L. 
36  m. ;  br.  very  irregular,  &  varies  to  20 
m. — —II.  CO.,  Va.,  toward  the  S.  part  of 
the  state.  Area,  375  sq.  m.  P.  11,857. 
It  contains  Hampden  Sidney  college. — 
Prince  Edward  c.  h.,  the  cap.,  is  77  m. 
W.S.W.  Richmond. 

Prince  Frederick  Harbor,  an  inlet 
on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Australia. — Prince 
Frederick  sound,  Russian  America. 

Prince  Frederictown,  p-v.,  cap. 
Calvert  co.  Md.     P.  500, 

Prince  George,  co.  B.  Va.  Area, 
305  sq.  m.  P.  7,596. — Prince  George 
c.  H.,  the  cap.,  is  28  m.  S.S.E.  Richmond. 

Prince  Henry  (or  Lostange)  Isl., 
in  the  Pacific  ocean,  Low  archipelago. 

Prince  Leopold  Island,  British  N. 
Amer.,  is  at -the  W.  end  of  Barrow  strait. 

Prince  of  Wales  Archipelago, 
Russian  America,  40  m.  N.  Queen  Char- 
lotte island. — (Cape),  the  W.  extremity 
of  N.  America,  on  Behringsea. — (Island), 
Pacific  ocean.  Low  archipelago,  is  in  hit. 

15°  16'  30"  S.,  Ion.  147°  22'  W. IL 

an  isl.,  Malay  archipelago,  in  the  strait 
of  Sunda,  between  Java  &  Sumatra. — 
(Isla7ids),  a  group,  Torres  strait,  ofi'  Ciipe 
York. — Prince  of  Wales  island,  British 
India,  is  named  Penang- 


pre] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


627 


Prince  Regent  Bay,  W.  coast  of 
Greenland,  is  in  lat.  76°  N.,  Ion.  66°  W. 
— {Inlet).  British  N.  America,  leads  from 
Barrow  strait  into  Boothia  gulf. — (River), 
N.W.  Australia,  enters  the  Indian  ocean. 

Prince  Rupert  Bay,  British  AV.  In- 
dies, is  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  the  island 
Dominica. 

Princes  Bay,  N.  Y.,  on  the  S.E.  side 
of  Staten  isl. 

Prince's  Island,  an  island  belonging 
to  Portugal,  in  the  bight  of  Biafra,  gulf 
of  Guinea,  140  m.  S.S.W.  Fernando  Po. 
L.  N.  to  S.  10  m.;  br.  5  m. 

Princes'  Islands  (The),  sea  of  Mar- 
mora, 13  m.  S.  Constantinople,  consist  of 
9  islands,  the  largest  being  Prinkipos  & 
Chalki. 

Princess  Ann,  co.  E.  Va.  Area,  314 
sq.  m.  P.  7,669. — Princess  Ann  c.  h., 
the  cap.,  is  132  m.  S.E.  Richmond. 

Princess  Charlotte  Bay,  N.E.  coast 
of  Australia,  has  a  breadth  of  30  m. 

Princess  Royal  Harbor,  W.  Aus- 
tralia. On  its  N.  side  is  the  town  Albany. 
— The  Princess  Royal  Islands,  British 
N.  Amer.,  are  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  N. 
Vancouver  island. 

Princeton,  t.,  Worcester  co.  Mass.    P. 

1,347. II.  p-t.,  Schenectady  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  1,031. III.  p-b.,  Mercer  co.  N.  J. 

It  is  pleasantly  situated  A  contains  the 
college  of  New  Jersey,  an  institution 
founded  in   1746.      The  Princeton  theo. 

sem.  is  also  located  here.     P.  1,200. 

IV.   t.,  Mercer  co.  N.  J.,  embraces  the 

above   p-b.     P.   3,021. V.   p-v.,  cap. 

Washington   co.    Miss.     P.    300. VI. 

p-v.,  cap.  Caldwell  co.  Ky.      P.  400. 

VII.  p-v.,  cap.  Gibson  co.  la.  P.  800. 
VIII.  p-v.,  cap.  Bureau  co.  III. 

Princetown,  a  marit.  town  of  Prince 
Edward  island. 

Prince  William  (Sound),  Russian 
Amer.,  is  on  its  S.  coast. —  Prince  Wil- 
liam island  is  in  the  Feejee  group.  Pa- 
cific ocean. II.  co.  E.  Va.     Area,  370 

sq.  m.     Cap.  Brentsville.     P.  8,129. 

Principato  (Citra  &  Ultra),  two 
contiguous  provs.  of  the  kingdom  of 
Na'ples.  United  area,  2,412  sq.  m..&  p. 
922,113. 

Pripet,  a  river  .of  Russian  Poland, 
after  a  N.  &  E.  course  of  350  m.,  joins  the 
Dnieper. 

Pripri,  a  town  of  Siam,  on  a  small 
river,  80  m.  S.W.  Bangkok. 

Prisrend,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Albania,  on  the  Rieka,  &  80  m.  E.  Scu- 
tari.    P.  from  15,000  to  20,000. 

Pristen,  a  market  town  of  Russia,  9 
m.  S.  Kupiansk,  on  the  Oskol.     P.  1,500. 


Pristina,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, Rumili,  42  m.  N.N.W.  Uskup.    P. 

12,000. 

Pkitzerbb,  a  town  of  Prussia,  8  m. 
N.W.  Brandenburg,  on  the  Havel.  P 
1,005. 

Pritzwalk,  a  walled  town  of  Prussia, 
65  m.  N.W.  Potsdam,  on  the  Domnitz. 
P.  3,900. 

Privas,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
cap.  dep.  Arddche,  26  m.  S.W.  Valence. 
P.  3,203. 

Privat  (St.),  several  comms.  &  vills. 

of  France. 1,  dep.  Corr^ze,   17  miles 

E.S.E.  Tulle.  P.  1,150. II.  (d'Allier), 

dep.  H.  Loire,  10  m.  W.S.W.  Le  Puy.  P. 
1,450. 

Privitz,  a  town  of  N.  Hungary,  40 
m.  N.E.  Neutra.     P.  4,730. 

Priziac,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Morbihan,  20  m.  W.  Pon- 
tivy.     P.  2,060. 

Proby  Island,  Pacific  0,,  Friendly 
islands. 

Procida,  an  island  at  the  N.W.  ex- 
tremity of  the  bay  of  Naples,  S.  Italy, 
N.E..  Ischia,  &  separated  from  the  main- 
land by  a  channel  1§  m.  across.  L.  3  m., 
br.  IJ  m. 

Prodano,  one  of  the  sraaller  Ionian 
islands,  oflf  the  W.  coast  of  the  Morea, 
Greece. 

Prome,  a  town  of  Burmese  dom.,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Irrawadi,  here  1  m. 
across,  240  m.  N.N.W.  Rangoon. 

Pronsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  31  m.  S. 
Riasan,  on  the  Pronia.     P.  6,700. 

Propiha,  a  market  town  of  Brazil, 
85  m.  N.N.E.  Sergipe,  on  the  river  San 
Francisco. 

Propoisk,  a  market  town  of  Russia, 
42  m.  S.E.  Moghilev.     P.  1,800. 

Proskurov,  a  town  of  Russian  Po- 
land, on  the  Bug,  53  m.  N.  Kamenietz. 

Prosna,  a  riv.  of  Europe,  which,  after 
a  N.  course  of  100  m.  between  Silesia  & 
Poland,  joins  the  Warta. 

Prospect,  town,  Waldo  co.  Me.  P. 
2,467. 

Prossnitz,  a  town  of  Moravia,  13  m. 
S.W.  Olmutz.    P.  8,000. 

Protopopovka,  a  town  of  Russia,  17 
m.  W.N.W.  Izium.     P.  1,700. 

Provencal  Isl.,  Mediterranean,  is 
off  the  S.  coast  of  Asia- Minor. 

Provence,  an  old  prov.  of  France,  in 
the  S.E.,  the  cap.  of  which  was  Aix. 

Providence,  a  city  &  seaport,  cap. 
state  Rhode  Island,  on  both  sides  of 
Providence  riv.,  hero  crossed  by  2  bridges, 
at  its  influx  into  the  head  of  Narragan- 
sett  bay,  30  m.  from  the  Atlantic,  40  m. 


-628 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[PRU 


S.S.W.  Boston,  with  which,  &  with  Ston- 
ingtoa  &  Connecticut,  it  communicates 
by  railway,  &  with  Worcester  (Massa- 
chusetts) by  the  Blackstone  canal.  Lat. 
41°  49' 6"  N.,  Ion.  71°  24'  7"  W.  P. 
41,513.  It  is  well  built  &  thriving. 
Principal  edifices,  the  arcade,  the  Brown 
university,  with  the  state-house,  a  thea- 
tre, Friends'  school,  athenreum,  &  chari- 
table institutions.  ])Ianufs.  are  flourish- 
ing, cotton  factories  &  bleaching-grounds 
extensive,  with  dye-houses,  iron  works, 
manufs.  of  all  kinds  of  domestic  articles, 
breweries,  distilleries,  corn  &  fulling 
mills,  a  large  share  in  the  fisheries,  &  a 
tfade  with  China.  Vessels  of  900  tons 
reach  its  wharfs.  It  was  founded  in  1636 
by  Roger  Williams,  &  presented  the  first 
instance  of  a  community  established  on 
principles  of  perfect  religious  toleration. 

II.  N.  CO.  R.  I.    Area,  330  sq.  m.    P. 

87,625.  ,  Cap.  Providence. III.  an  isl. 

in  the  Indian  ocean,  240  m.  N.E.  Mada- 
gascar.  IV.  (or  Old  Providence),  Ca- 
ribbean sea,  100  m.  E.  the  Mosquito  coast. 
L.  10  m.,  br.  4  m.— [Islands),  E.  archi- 
pelago, &  of  a  lake,  British  N.  Amer. ;  & 
Providence  channels  separate  several  of 
the  Bahama  islands. V.  p-t.,  Sara- 
toga CO.   N.  Y.      P.   1,458 VI.  p-t., 

Luzerne  co.  Pa.     P.  1,160. VII.  (East 

4-  West),  t.,  Bedford  co.  Pa..     P.  2,632. 

Provincetown,  town,  Barnstable  co. 
Mass.,  on  N.W.  point  of  Cape  Cod.  The 
surface  consists  of  beaches,  sand-hills, 
shallow  ponds  &  swamps.  Harbor  good. 
Fishing,  the  chief  industry,  employs  1,000 
men  &  boys.  Salt  is  extensively  manu- 
factured here.     P.  3,157, 

Province  Wellesley,  a  British  set- 
tlement on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Malay 
peninsula.  It  consists  of  a  strip  of  coun- 
try 35  m.  in  length  by  4  m.  in  breadth. 
Area,  140   sq.  m.     P.  47,545. 

Provins,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Marne,  29  m.  E.  Melun. 
P.  5,798. 

Prum,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  33 
m.  N.N.AV.  Treves.     P.  2,250. 

Prussia  (Kingdom  of),  or  Prussian 
States,  a  kingdom  of  Central  Europe, 
siUiated  between  lat.  49°  12'  &  55°  53' 
N:,  &  Ion.  6°  &  22°  50'  E.,  cap.  Berlin. 
Prussia  is  composed  of  two  distinct,  & 
very  unequal  portions,  separated  by  the 
territories  of  Brunswick,  Hessen,  Wal- 
deck,  Lippe,  &  Nassau.-  Tbe-E.-most  & 
largest  portion,  or  Prussia  E.  of  the 
Weser,  is  bounded  E.  by  Russia,  S.  by 
Austria.  Saxony,  &  EleStoral  Hessen, 
W-.  by  Brunswick,  HanoVer,  &  Mecklen- 
burg, &  N.  by  the  Baltic  sea.     The  W. 


portion,  or  Rhenish  Prussia,  is  bounded 
E.  by  H.-Darmstadt,  Nassau,  Electoral 
Hessen,   Waldeck, .  Brunswick,  Lippe,  & 
part  of  Hanover  ;  S.  by  France,  Rhenish 
Bavaria,  &  parts  of  Oldenburg  &  Ham- 
burg ;  W.  by  the  Netherlands,  Belgium, 
&  Luxemburg  ;  &  N.  by  Hanover.     Be- 
sides these  great  portions, -Prussia  pos- 
sesses some  small  dists.  in  the  dachies  of 
Sa.xony  &  the  princips.  of  Hessen.     The 
distance  between  the  E.  &  W.  extremities 
of  Prussia,  is  715  m. ;   the  E.  portion  ia 
550  m.  long,   E.  to  W.,  &  185  tu  435  m. 
broad,  N.  to  S.  ;  &  the  W.  portion  250  m. 
in  length,   N.  to  S.,  &  45  to   120  m.  in 
breadth,  E.  to  W.     Area,  107,958  sq.  m. 
P.  16,865,000.     The  surface  of  Prussia  is 
in  general  flat,  except  in  the  W.  (prov. 
Saxony),  &  in  the  S.   between  Silesia  & 
Bohemia.     The  E.  provs.  belong  to  the 
basin  of  the  Baltic.     The  W.  provs.  be- 
long to  the  basin  of  the  North  sea.     The 
islands  of  Prussia  are  Riigen,  Usedom,  & 
WoUin,  in  the  Baltic.     The  soil  is  fertile 
in  many  places,  &  grain  is  produced  ia 
sufficient  quantity  for  the  dense  popu- 
lation, &  is  even  exported.     Agriculture, 
which  forms  the, chief  source  of  national 
wealth,  is  carefully  conducted;  the  prin- 
cipal crops  are  wheat,  rye,  oats,  barley, 
flax,  hemp,  hops,  &  tobacco  ;  fruit  is  not 
widely  cultivated.    The  vine  is  cultivated 
in  Rhenish  Prussia,  on  the  banks  of  the 
Moselle  &  Rhine.  &  to  a  small  extent  in 
detached  districts  of  Central  &  E.Prussia. 
Amber  (a  government  monopoly)  isfound 
on  the  shores  of  the  Baltic.    The  manufs. 
of  Prussia  are   very  extensive,  &  have 
recently  become  important.     Commerce 
is  very  active   in  Prussia,   &   has   been 
greatly  developed  by  the  establishment 
of  the  commercial  customs  union_(Zoll- 
verein).    The  p.  of  Prussia  comprise  tvpo 
principal  races, — 1,   the    Germans,   who 
form  the  majority  ;  &  2,  the  Slavonians 
in  the  grand  duchy  of  Posen,  in  Prussia 
proper,   &   in   a   part  of  Upper  Silesia. 
The   government   is  a  hereditary  mon- 
archy ;  the  authority  of  the  king  is  ab- 
solute, but  modified  by  provincial  estates. 
In    1847,    a    liberal     constitution    was 
granted,  but  it  has  since  been  done  away 
with  in  effect.    Public  instruction  is  more 
developed  in  Prussia  than  in  any  other 
country  of  Europe,  except   Saxony ;    it 
possesses  the  celebrated  universities  of 
Berlin,  Halle,  &  Bonn,  besides  those  of 
Breslau,  Griefswalde,  &  Konigsberg  ;  & 
numerous   literary  &   learned  societies. 
The  system  of  education  established  by 
the  government,  is  of  a  thoroughly  prac- 
tical nature,  &  is  considered  the  most 


pue] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


629 


complete  &  efficient  in  Europe.  Fred- 
eric I.,  the  first  king  of  Prussia,  received 
his  title  in  1701.  Since  then  Silesia, 
Pomerania,  &  other  important  terr.  have 
been  annexed.  In  1849,  the  standing 
army  was  137,000  ;  the  men  capable  of 
bearing  arms  837,000.  Prussia  has  no 
navy.  Public  rev.  (1849)  88,566,380  dol- 
lars.    Public  debt  with  interest  1st  Jan. 

1849,  162,861,444  dollars. II.  (East), 

or  Ducal  Prussia,  a  prov.  of  Prussia, 

now   comprised   in   Prussia  Proper. 

III.  ( Western),  or  Royal  Prussia,  a 
prov.  of  Prussia,  now  comprised  in  Prus- 
sia Proper. IV.  {Proper),  a  prov.  of 

Prussia,  formed  by  the  union  of  East  & 

West   Prussia,    cap.    Kdnigsberg. V. 

{Rhenish),  a  prov.  of  Prussia,  in  the  W., 
cap.  Cologne. 

Pruszany,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
79  m.  S.S.E.  Grodno.     P.  2,120. 

Pruth,  -a,  riv.  of  E.  Europe,  rises  in  the 
Carpathian  mntns.,  joins  the  Danube. 
Total  course  360  m. 

Przasznic,  a  town  of  Poland,  59  m. 
N.E.  Plocii,  cap.  CO.,  on  the  Wegierka. 
P.  3,500. 

Przelautsch,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  11 
m.  N.W.  Chrudim,  on  the  Elbe.    P.  1,700. 

Przemysl,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
on  rt.  b.  of  the  San,  51  m.  W.  Lemberg. 
P.  4,000. 

Przestitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  12  m. 
N.  Klauttau,  on  the  Bradawka.    t.  1,623. 

Przewobsk,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
22  m.  E.  Rzesczow.     P.  2,950. 

Przibram,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  21  m. 
S.S.W.  Beraun.  P.  A,\m.—Przischowitz 
is  a  vill.,  28  m.  N.E.  Jung-Bunzlau.  P. 
1,910. 

Przysucha,  a  town  of  Poland,  on  the 
Radomka,  24  miles  W.S.W.  Radom.  P. 
3,000. 

PsiLiORtTi  (Mount),  Ida,  the  most 
lofty  mntn.  of  Crete,  near  its  centre,  & 
7,674  feet  high. 

PsiOL,  a  riv.  of  Russia,  after  a  S.S.W. 
,  course  of  300  m.,  joins  the  Dnieper. 

Pskov,  a  gov.  of  Russia.  Area,  17,150 
Bq.  m.  P.  775,800.  Surface  mostly  flat. 
Rivs.  numerous,  but  none  large.  At  its 
N.W.  extremity  is  the  lake  of  Pskov. — 
Pskov,  or  Pleskov,  the  cap.,  on  the 
Velikaja,  near  its  mouth  in  Lake  Pskov, 
is  162  m.  S.W.  St.  Petersburg.  P.  9,000, 
but    it   is   said   to   have   been  formerly 

60,000. II.    {Lake   of),  Russia,  is  a 

S.  limb  of  Lake  Peipus,  22  m.  in  length. 

Ptitsh,  a  nikt.  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
8  m.  S.S.AV.  Dubno.     P.  1,500. 

PuccuLOE,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  37  m. 
N.AV.  Dacca. 


PucHo,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.  Hungary, 
19  m.  N.E.  Trentschin,  on  the  Waag. 
P.  1,948. 

PuDLEiN,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.  Hungary, 
on  the  Poprad,  9  m.  N.N.E.  Kesmark. 
P.  2,300. 

PuDOSH,  or  PuDOGA,  a  town  of  Russia, 
65  m.  E.  Petrozavodsk.     P.  1,500. 

P,UDSEY,  a  tnshp.  of  England,  co.  York, 
AV.  Riding,  3  m.  S.S.E.  Calverley.  P. 
10,002. 

PuDucoTTA,  a  town  of  British  India, 
57  m.  N.E.  Madura. 

PuDWiTZ,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
reg:  &  16  m.  E.N.E.  Posen.     P.  1,900. 

PuEBLA  (La),  a  dep.  of  the  Mexican 
confed.,  having  S.  the  Pacific  0.,  &  land- 
ward the  deps.  Mexico,  Vera  Cruz,  & 
Oaxaca.  Area,  18,440  sq.  m.  P.  661,902. 
Its  central  part  belongs  to  the  Anahuac 
table-land,  &  within  it  is  Popocatepetl 
mntn.     It  contains  the  towns  La  Puebla, 

Cholula,    Tlascala,    &    Tehuacan. La 

Puebla,  the  cap.,  is  situated  on  a  declivity, 
76  m.  E.S.E.  Mexico.  P.  50,000. ,  It  is 
regularly  built  &  well  paved  ;  houses  of 
stone,  &  many  with  iron  balconies  & 
painted  fronts.  It  has  a  vast  number  of 
richly  decorated  religious  edifices,  an 
episcopal  &  2  other  colleges,  manufs.  of 
glass,  earthenwares,  &  soap. 

Puebla  (La),  or  Poblat,  a  small  town 
of  Majorca,  on  a  height,  27  m.  N.E. 
Palmas.     P.  3,012. 

Puebla  (La),  numerous  small  towns 

of  Spain. T.  (P.  d'AIcocer),  prov.  & 

87  m.  E.  Badajos.     P.  2,612. II.  (P. 

de  Almiiradiel),  50  m.  S.E.  Toledo.     P. 

1,985. III.  (P.  de  Arenoso),  prov.  & 

31  m.  N.W.  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     P. 

2,158. IV.   (P.  de  Arganzon),  prov. 

Alava,  9  m.  N.E.  Miranda.  Near  this 
the  battle  of  Vitoria  commenced  in  1813. 

V.  (P.  de  Cazaha),  prov.  &  35  m. 

S.E.  Sevilla.  '  P.  2,882. VI.  (P.  de 

Don  Fadrique),  prov.  &  77  m.  N.E. 
Granada.  P.  6,555. VII.  (P.  de  Guz- 
man), prov.  &  30  m.  N.W.  Huelva.    P. 

3,855. VIII.    (P.   de   la   Calzada), 

prov.  &  16  m.  B.  Badajos.    P.  2,160. 

IX.  {P.de  la  Reyna),  prov.  &  40  m.  S.E. 

Badajos.    P.  2,200. X.  (P.  del  Bean), 

prov.  Coruna,  29  m.  S.W.  Santiago.     P. 

1,840. XI.  (P.  de  los  Infantes),  prov. 

Sevilla,  19  m.  N.W.  Ecija. XII.  (P. 

de  Montalvan),  prov.  &  17  in.  W.  Toledo, 

on  the  Tagus.    P.  4,333. XIII.  (P.  de 

Sanabria),  prov.  &  53  m.  N.W.  Zamora. 

p.  849. XIV.  (P.  de  Sancho  Perez), 

prov.  k   36  m.  S.E.  Badajos.     P.  1,892 

I  XV.  (P.  Nueva).  prov.  Toledo,  7  m 

I  S.  Talavera.     P.  2,400. 


630 


CYCLOP-a:DIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[ptnr 


Pueblo  Viejo  ("  old  town"),  a  marit. 
town  of  the  Mexican  confed.,  dep.  Vera 
Cruz,  6  m.  S.E.  Tampico,  on  Lake  Tam- 
pico.     P.  1,500. 

PuENTA  GoRDA,  a  Settlement  of  Caribs, 
British  Honduras,  150  m.  S.  Balize. 

PuENTE  ("  a  bridge"),  numerous  petty- 
towns  of  Spain. 1.  (P.  del  Arzobispo), 

prov.  Toledo,  near  the  Tagus,  18  m.  S.W. 

Talavera.     P.  979. II.  (F.  del  Con- 

gosto),  prov.  &  43  m.  W.  Avila,  on  the 

Tormes.  P.  2,000. III.  (P.  de  Eume), 

prov.  &  13  m.  E.  Coruiia,  on  the  Euuie. 

.  P.  2,170. IV.  {P.  Genii),  prov.  &  27 

m.  S.  Cordova,  on  the  Genii.     P.  6,408. 

V.  (P.  la  Keyna),  Navarra,  prov.  & 

13  m.  S.S.W.  Pamplona.  P.  3,700.— 
Puentes  de  Garcia  Rodriguez  is  a  town, 
prov.  &  24  miles  E.N.E.  Coruna.  P. 
1,496. 

PuERco,  a  river  of  Texas,  &  the  princi- 
pal affl.  of  the  Rio  Grande.     L.  500  m. 

PuEKS,  a  mkt.  town  of  Belgiunt,  12  m. 
S.S.W.  Antwerp.     P.  4,000. 

Puerto,   "a  port,"    a  prefix   to  the 

names  of  many  places  in  Spain. 1.  (P. 

de  Santa  Maria),  a  city  in  the  prov.  &  7 
m.  N.E.  Cadiz,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Guadalete, 
near  its  mouth  in  the  bay  of  Cadiz.  P. 
17,930.  It  is  the  principal  place  for  the 
export  of  the  wines  of  Xerez,  7  m.  N.E. 

II.  (P.  Real),  a  seaport  town  of  the 

same  prov.  on  the  bay,  &  6  miles  E.  of 

Cadiz.     P.  3,871. III.  (P.  Llano),  a 

town  in  the  prov.  &  21  m.  S.S.W.  Ciudad- 
Eeal.     P.  2,812. 

Puerto  Bello,  a  seaport  town  of  S. 
America,  New  Granada,  dep.  &  40  m. 
N.N.W.  Panama,  on  the  N.  side  of  its 
isthmus.  It  is  surrounded  by  mntns., 
&  unhealthy,  but  the  excellence  of  its 
harb.  (whence  its  name)  rendered  it  for- 
merly of  high  commercial  importance. 

Puerto  Carello,  a  seaport  town  of 
S.  Amer.,  Venezuela,  prov.  Caracas,  in 
the  gulf  of  Triste,  20  m.  N.W.  Valencia, 
of  which  it  is  the  port. 

Puerto  Principe  (Santa  Maria  de), 
an  inland  city  of  Cuba,  cap.  its  central 
dep.,  36  m.  AV.S.W.  its  port.  Las  Nuevi- 
tas,  on  the  N.  coast,  between  the  rivulets 
Tinima  &  Jatibonico.  P.  32,996  whites  ; 
6,165  free  blacks  ;  &  9,851  slaves. 

Puerto  Viejo,  a  town  of  S.  Amer., 
Ecuador,  dep.  &  85  m.  N.N.W.  Guaya- 
quil. 

Puglia,  a  river,  which  joins  the  Tiber. 

Pugman,  a  town  of  Affghanistan,  13 
m.  W.  Cabool. 

PuiCELEY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn,  11  miles  N.W.  Gaillac.  P. 
2,153. 


PuiG,  a  town  of  Spain,  12  m.  N.E.  Va- 
lencia.   P.  2,050. 

Puigcerda,  a  fortified  frontier  town 
of  Spain,  52  m.  N.W.  Gerona,  at  the  foot 
of  the  Pyrenees.     P.  1,824. 

PuisEAux,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Loiret,  12  miles  E.  Pithiviers.  P. 
1,876. — Puisserguier  is  a  comm.  A  vill., 
dep.  Herault,  9  m.  W.N.W.  Beziers.  P. 
1,745. 

Pujols,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Lot-et -Garonne,  13  miles 
N.N.E.  Agen.     P.  1,570. 

PuKANTZ,  a  mining  town  of  N.  Hun- 
gary, CO.  Honth.     P.  2,350. 

PuLA,  a  comm.  &  marit.  town  of  Sar- 
dinia, 15  m.  S.W.  Cagliari.     P.  1,235. 

Pulaski,  a  central  co.  Ga.  Area,  680 
sq.  m.      Cap.   Hawksinville.      P.   6,627. 

II.  S.W.  CO.  Va.     Area,  350  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Newbern.  P.  5,118.-111.  S.E. 
CO.  Ky.    Area,  800  sq.  m.    Cap.  Somerset. 

P.  14,195. IV.   N.W.  CO.  la.     Area, 

342  sq.   m.     Cap.  Winamac.     P.  2,595. 

V.  S.  CO.  Mo.  Area,  1,332  sq.  miles. 

Cap.  Waynesville.     P.   3,988. VI.  a 

central  CO.  Ark.  Area,  2,050  sq.m.  Cap. 
Little  Rock.  P.  5,658. VII.  t.,  semi- 
cap.  Oswego  CO.  N.  y.     P.  700. VIIL 

p-v.,  cap.   Giles  co.  Tenn.      P.  900. 

IX.  CO.  111.     P.  2,265. 

PuLHAM,  a  town  of  Engl.,  co.  Norfolk, 
3|    m.  N.W.  Harleston.     P.  1,155. 

PuLicAT,  a  marit.  town  of  India,  20 
m.  N.  Madras. 

PuLLY,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Vaud,  cap.  circ.,  1  m.  E.  Lausanne.  P. 
1,000, 

PuLO,  "  an  island,"  the  prefixed  name 
of  many  islands  of  the  Asiatic  archipel- 
ago. 

PuLO  Anaphi,  an  islet,  Grecian  ar- 
chipelago, 15  m.  S.E.  Santorin. 

PuLO  Lontar,  an  island  of  the  Indian 
0.,  off  the  S.W.  coast  of  Lr.  Siam. 

PuLSNiTz,  a  town  of  Saxony,  16  m. 
N.E.  Dresden.     P.  1,986. 

PuLTNEY,  t.,  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
1,784. II.  t.,  Belmont  co.  0.  P.  1,747. 

PuLTOwA,  a  town  &  gov.  of  Poland. 

PuLTUsK,  a  town  of  Poland,  prov.  & 
60  m.  E.N.E.  Plock,  on  an  island  formed 
by  the  Narew.     P.  4,500. 

Puna,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  S. 
America,  Ecuador,  dep."  &  40  m.  S.W. 
Guayaquil.     L.  30  m.,  br.  10  m. 

Punch,  a  small  town  of  the  Punjab. 

Punderpoor,  a  town  of  India,  dom.  & 
89  m.  E.  Sattarah,  on  the  Beemab.  P. 
25,000.(7)     ' 

PuNGANOOR,  a  fortified  town  of  Brit. 
India,  60  m.  N.W.  Arcot. 


put] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


631 


PuNHETE,  a  mkt.  town  of  Portugal,  on 
the  Tagus,  at  the  head  of  its  navig.,  9  m. 
W.N.W.  Abrantes.     P.  1,100. 

PuNiTZ,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  44 
m.  S.  Posen.     P.  1,620. 

Punjab,  an  extensive  territory  of  N.W. 
Hiudostan,  embracing  the  country  water- 
ed by  the  "  five  great  waters,"  of  which 
the  Indus  is  the  most  westerly,  &  the 
Sutleje  the  most  easterly.  The  outline 
of  the  district  is  angular,  the  apex  being 
at  the  point  where  the  Indus  &  the  Punj- 
nud.meet,  in  lat.  28°  55'  N.,  Ion.  70°  28' 
E.  Length  from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  600  m. ; 
breadth  from  Rampur  to  Derbend,  350  m. 
P.  4,740,000,  consisting  of  Sikhs,  Cash- 
merians,  &  AflTghans.  The  N.part  of  the 
state  is  a  range  of  mntns.,  with  elevation 
from  20,000  to  27,000  feet.  Principal 
towns,  Lahore,  the  cap.,  Amritzir,  Seri- 
nagur,  Mooltan,  Peshawer,  Jullinder, 
Jelalpoor.  The  Punjab  was  the  scene 
of  Alexander  the  Great's  oriental  con- 
quests. The  Punjab  has  been  formally 
annexed  to  the  British  possess,  in  India. 

PuNJGOOH,  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  on 
the  Dustee,  74  m.  N.N.E,  Kedje. 

PuNJNUD,  a  name  applied  to  the  eon- 
Joined  stream  of  the  Ghara  &  Chenab 
rivers. 

PuNNAH,  a  rajahship  of  Hindostan, 
subsidiary  to  the  British,  &  having  an 
area  of  688  sq.m.     P.  67,500. 

PuNNAiR,  a  river  of  S.  India,  enters  the 
sea  at  Ciiddalore,  93  m.  S.S.W.  Madras, 
after  an  E.-ward  course  of  220  m. 

PuNO,  a  dep.  of  S.  Peru,  having  E. 
Bolivia.  Estimated  area,  21,540  sq.  m., 
&  p.  156,000.  It  is  nearly  enclosed  by 
Cordilleras  of  the  Andes,  comprises  the 
greater  part  of  the  Lake  Titicaca.  Chief 
towns,  Puno,  ,Chucuito,  Asangaro,  & 
Lampa. — —II.  acity  of  S.  Peru,  cap.  dep. 
&  prov.,  on  the  bay  of  Puno,  W.  shoi-e  of 
Lake  Titicaca.  P.  9,000.  It  is  built 
mostly  of  stone,  &  has  a  cathedral  &  a 
high  school. 

PuNTA  DE  PiEDRA,  a  marit.  town  of 
S.  Amer.,  Venezuela,  dep.  &  70  m.  E. 
Cumana,  at  the  head  of  the  gulf  of 
Paria. 

PuNTAs  Arenas,  the  principal  port  of 
Costa  Rica,  Central  America,  on  the  gulf 
of  Nicoya.     It  has  a  good  harbor. 

PuNUKKA,  a  town  &  the  second  cap.  of 
Bootan,  N.  Hindostan,  17  m.  N.E.  Tas- 
Bisudon. 

PuRACE,  a  vill.  of  S.  Amer.,  New  Gran- 
ada, 12  m.  E.S.E.  Popayan. 

PuEATiN,  a  town  of  Russia,  103  miles 
N.W.  Poltava,  cap.  diat.,with  1,600  in- 
habs. 


PuRBECK  (Isle  of),  a  peninsular  dist. 

of  Engl.,  CO.  Dorset. 

PuRCHENA,  a  town  of  Spain,  30  miles 
N.N.E.  Almeira,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Almanzor. 
P.  1,596. 

PuEDY,  p-v.,  cap.  McNairy  co.  Tenn. 

PuRDY  Island,  off  the  S.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia, belongs  to  the  Nuyts  archipelago. 
— Purdy  islands,  Pacific  ocean,  form  a 
part  of  the  Admiralty  group. 

P0RIFICACION,  a  town  of  S.  America, 
New   Granada,   dep.   Cundinamarca,   on 

the  Magdalena,  72  m.  S.W.  Bogota. 

^'11.  a  town  of  the  Mexican  confed.,  dist. 
&  95  m.  W.N.W.  Colima. 

PuRKAssA,  a  town  of  British  India,  on 
the  Taptee,  84  m.  E.N.E.  Surat. 

Purmerend,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, prov.  N.  Holland,  on  the  N.  Hol- 
land canal,  10  m.  N.  Amsterdam.  P. 
3,372. 

PuRNEAH,  a  dist.  of  Brit.  India,  hav- 
ing N.  Nepaul  &  Sikkim;  Area,  7,460 
sq.  m.  P.  1,362,165.  Surface  hilly  in 
the  N.,  elsewhere  mostly  level ;  the  Gan- 
ges bounds  it  S.W. -ward. II.  a  town 

&  cap.,  above  dist.,  230  m.  N.W.  Calcut- 
ta. P.  40,000.  It  is  said  to  occupy  9 
sq.  miles. 

PuRRUAH,  two  towns  of  British  India. 

— —I.  45  m.  S.S.W.  Dinagepoor. II. 

32  m.  N.N.W.  Calcutta,  with  a  noble 
mosque,  &  a  lofty  tower. 

PuRus,  a  river  of  S.  America,  one  of 
the  principal  tributaries  of  the  Amazon. 

PusiANO,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy,  10 
m.  E.  Como,  on  the  lake  of  Pusiano. 

PiJspoKY,  a  market  town  of  W.  Hun- 
gary, CO.  &  6  m.  S.E.  Presburg.    P.  1,218. 

PusT-OzERSK,  the  most  N.  town  of  the 
Samoyede  country,  in  European  Russia, 
gov.  Archangel,  on  the  Petchora,  near  its 
mouth  in  the  N.  ocean.     P.  600. 

PusTERTHAL,  a  dist.  in  the  E.  part  of 
the  Tyrol.     Chf.  town  Bruneoken. 

PuTBUs,  a  market  town  of  Prussia,  in 
the  island  Riigen,  5  m.  S.E.  Bergen.  P. 
1,340. 

PuTEAux,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine,  11m.  W.  Paris,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Seine.     P.  3,625. 

PuTiGNANO,  a  town  of  Naples,  23  m. 
S.E.  Bari.     P.  9,000. 

PuTiLAM,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Ceylon,  on 
the  W.  coast,  74  m.  N.  Colombo. 

PuTivL,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  &  100 
miles  W.S.W.  Koursk,  on  the  Sem.  P. 
9,000. 

PuTLiTz,  a  town,  Prussia,  9  m.  N.W. 
Pritzwalk.     P.  1,520. 

Putnam,  S.E.  co.  N.  Y.  Area,  216  sq. 
m.     P.   14,138.     Cap.  Carmel. II.  a 


632 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[PYR 


northern  co.  Ga.    Area,  340  sq.  m.     Cap. 

Eatonton.     P.  10,794. III.  N.W.  co. 

0.     Area,   376  sq.  m.     Cap.  Kalida.     P. 

7,221. IV.  W.  CO.  la.     Area,  486  sq. 

m.     Cap.  Green  Castle.     P.   18,615. 

V.  a  northern  CO.  II!.     Area,  325  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Hennepin.  P.  3,294. VI.  co.  Mo. 

P.  1,657.— VII.  CO.  W.  Va.  P.  5,335. 
VIII.  p-t.,  Muskingum  co.O.  P.1,071. 

Putnam  Valley,  p-t.,  Putnam  co. 
N.  Y.     P.  1,659. 

Putney,  a  vLll.  of  Engl.,  co.  Surrey,  on 
the  Thames,  6^   m.  W.S.W.  St.  Paul's, 

London.     P.  4.684. II.  t.,  Windham 

CO.  Vt.     P.  1,383. 

Puttee,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  38  m. 
S.E.  of  Lahore.    P.  5,000. 

Puttelangb,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Moselle.     P.  2,032. 

PuTTEN,  an  island  of  the  Netherlands, 

8  rn.  S.W.  Rotterdam. II.  a  vill.,  6  m. 

S.  Harderwyk.  P.  3,233. — Puttershoek 
is  a  vill.,  prov.  S.  Holland,  4  m.  W.  Dort. 
P.  1,476. 

PuTUMAYO,  a  river  of  S.  Amer.,  Ecua- 
dor, joins  the  Amazon  at  Ifa.  Total 
course  700  m. 

PuTZALO,  a  small  island  of  Finland,  in 
the  N.  part  of  Lake  Ladoga. 

PuTziG,  a  town  of  AV.  Prussia,  26  m. 
N.N.W.  Danzig,  on  the  gulf  of  Danzig. 
P.  2,180.— The  bay  of  Putzig  is  the  W. 
arm  of  the  gulf  of  Danzig.  L.  of  bay, 
20  miles. 

PuY  (Le),  a  comm.  &  town  of  Prance, 
cap.  dep.  H.  Loire,  68  m.  S.W.  Lyon.    P. 

13,552. II.  {P.  Guillaume),  a  comm. 

&  market  town,  dep.  Puy-de-DOme,  8  m. 

N.N.W.  Thiers.     P.   1,673. III.   {P. 

la  Rogue),  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town,  dep. 
Tarn-et-Garonne,    19  m.  N.E.   Montau- 

ban.     P.  2,341. IV.  (P.  VEveque),  a 

comm.  &  town,  dep.  Lot,  15  m.  N.W.  Ca- 
hors.     P.  1,125. 

PuY-DE-DoME,  a  mntn.  of  France, 
near  the  centre  of  the  dep.  to  which  it 
gives  name.  Height  above  the  sea, 
4,806  feet. 

PuY-DE-DoME,  a  dep.  of  France,  in 
the  S.E.  Area,  2,253  sq.  m.  Cap.  Cler- 
mont-Ferrand. Surface  mntnous.  &  con- 
tains a  great  number  of  jiuys  or  peaks. 

PuYLAUKENs,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Tarn,  13  m.  S.E.  Lavaur. 
P.  1,959. 

PuYMinOL,  a  oomm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Lot-et- Garonne,  Cm.  E.  Agen.  P. 
1,635. 

PuzzuoLi,  an  episcopal  town  of  Naples, 
on  the  gulf  of,  &  7  m.  S.Vf .  Naples.  P. 
8,400.  Near  it  are  Lake  Averno  the  Sol- 
fatara,  from  which  sulphur  is  extensively 


obtained,  &  the  celebrated  grotto  del 
Cane.  Its  vicinity  is  interesting  to  ge- 
ologists. •    ■ 

Pwllheli,  a  small  seaport  town  of  N. 
Wales,  on  Cardigan  bay,  co.  Carnarvon. 
P.  2,367. 

Pyked-Stane,  a  mntn.  of  Scotl.,  co. 
Peebles,,  elev.  2,100  feet. 

Pyle-Eudbar,  a  town  of  Persia,  in  a 
pass  of  the  Elburz  mntns.,  35  m.  S.W. 
Reshd. 

Pylstaart,  an  island  of  the  Pacific 
ocean,  S.S.W.  the  Friendly  islands. 

Pymatuning,  a  t.,  Penn  co.  Mercer. 
P.  1,793. 

Pynackeb,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
1  3  m.  B.  Delft.     P.  1,298. 

Pyrenees,  an  extensive  mntn.  chain 
of  Europe,  forming  the  limit  between 
France  &  Spain,  &  extending  in  a  direc- 
tion S.S.E.  to  N.N.W.  from  Cape  Creux 
on  the  Mediterranean  in  the  E.  to  near 
Fuenterrabia  on  the  W.,  a  distance  of 
270  m.,  with  a  breadth  of  from  50  to  100 
m. ;  they  are  joined  on  the  W.  by  the 
Cantabrian  mntns.,  which  may  be  con- 
sidered a  prolongation  of  the  chain. 
Next  to  the  Alps,  the  Pyrenees  are  in 
general  the  highest  mntns.  of  Europe  ; 
the  summit  of  the  chain  forms  a  curved 
line  with  a  mean  altitude  of  7,990  feet. 
The  Pyrenees  give  their  name  to  3deps. 
of  France. 1.  Basses  (or  lower)  Py- 
renees, a  frontier  prov.  formed  of  part 
of  the  old  prov.  Beam.  Area,  2,928  sq. 
m.  P.  446,997.  Cap.  Pau.— Nearly  half 
the  surface  is  covered  with  pastures  & 
marshes,  one-sixth  part  is  occupied  by 
fine  forests,  &  the  rest  is  fertile.  Nu- 
merous torrents  descend  from  th^  moun- 
tains.  II.  Hautes  (or  upper)  Pyre- 
nees, a  frontier  dep.  S.E.  of  the  former, 
composed  of  part  of  the  old  prov.  Gas- 
cogne,  having  E.  the  dep.  H.  Garonne,  & 
N.  Gers.  Area,  1,800  sq.  m.  P.  250,934. 
III.  Pyrenees  Qrientales,  is  separa- 
ted from  the  former  by  the  dep.  Ariege, 
&  bounded  E.  by  the  Mediterranean,  N. 
by  the  dep.  Aude,  &  comprised  in  the  old 
prov.  Roussillon  &  part  of  Languedoc. 
Area,  1,593  sq.  miles.  P.  181,955.  The 
Pyrenees  on  the  S.  separate  the  dep.  from 
Spain,  &,  connect  it  with  their  centreforts. 
— The  Australian  Pyrenees  is  a  name 
given  to  a  range  in  the  colony  of  Vic- 
toria. 

Pyrgo,  a  vill.  of  Greece,  Morea,  gov. 
Elis,  17  m.  S.S.E.  Gastuni. 

Pyeitz,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Pomerania, 
24  m.  S.E.  Stettin.     P.  4,650. 

Pyrbiont,  a  town  of  Central  Germany, 
in  a  valley,  34  i.i.  SW.  Hanover.  P.  1,205- 


que] 


UNIVKRSAI,    GAZETTEER. 


633 


Pyzdhy,  a  t.  of  Poland,  33  m.  N.N.W. 
Kalisz,  on  the  Warta.     P.  3,100. 


Q. 


Qua,  a  mountain  of  Guinea,  E.  of  the 
Cameroons  estuarj',  64  ui.N.W.  the  peak 
of  Cameroon.     Height,  5,000  ft. 

QuAco,  a  mavit.  rill.  &  headland  of 
British  N.  America,  on  the  S.  coast  of 
New  Brunswick. 

QuADRELLE,  a  vill.  of  Naples,  6  miles 
E.N.E.  Nola.     P.  1,500. 

QoAENANGER  FiottD,  NoTway,  Fin- 
mark,  is  30  m.  S.W.  Altengaard. 

-QuAKENBRiJcK,  a  tnwu  of  Hanover, 
29  m.  N.  Osnubriick.     P.  2,191. 

QuALdui,  a  small  town  of  Chile,  S. 
America,  20  m.  E.S.E.  Concepcion. 

QuANG,  a  prefixed  name  of  numerous 
provs.  of  E.  Asia. 

QuANG-PiNG,   a  ciiy  of  China,  240  m. 

S.S.W.   Peking. II.    a   city    of  third 

rank,  prov.  Kwi-choo,  80  m.  E.N.E.  Kwi- 
yang.  ' 

QuANG-si,  one  of  the  S.  provs.  of  China, 
halving  S.W.  Tonqiiin.  P.  7,313,895. 
Surface  mostly  mntnous.,  densely  wooded, 
&  uncultivated,   &  is   one    of  the   least 

peopled  of  the   Chinese   provs. I-I.  a 

city  of  China,  prov.  Yun-nan,  75  m.  S.E. 
Yun-uan. 

QuANG-TONG,  the  most  S.  prov..  of 
China.  P.  19,174j030.  Surface  very 
varied.  Soil  generally  fertile  ;  &  it  has 
excellent  water  communication. 

QuANO,  a  marit.  town  of  Japan,  on  the 
E.  coast  of  t-he  island  Niphon,  56  m.  E. 
Miako.—rQuajito  is  one  of  the  5  divisions 
of  Niphon. 

QuANTOCK  IfiLLS,  a  range  in  England, 
CO.  Somerset.     Greatest  height,  1,428  ft. 

QuARANTE,  a  market  town  &  comm. 
of  France,  dep.  Herault,  13  m.  W.  Be- 
ziers.     P.  1,266. 

QuAREGNON,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  4  m. 
AV;.S.W.  Mons,  with  coal  mines.  P.  2,300. 

QuARNERO  (Gulf  of),  Adriatic  sea, 
betweeu  Istria  &  the  Hungarian  Litto- 
rale,  is  15  m.  in  length  &  breadth. 

QuARRE-LEs-TOMBES,  a  comm.  &  vill. 
of  France,  dep.  Yonne,  9  m.  S.S.E.  Aval- 
Ian.     P.  2,323. 

QuARRi,  a  town  of  Cent.  Africa,  Hous- 
sa,  96  m.  E.  Saecatoo.     P.  6,000.(?) 

Quarto,  a  riv.  of  the  Plata  eonfed., 
S.  Amer.     L.  230  miles. 

Quarto,  a  t.  of  Sardinia,  4  m.  E.N.E. 
Cagliari.  P.  of  comm.  5,748. —  Quartuc- 
cio  is  a  vill.,  1  m.  N.  Quarto.     P.  1,801. 


QuATRE  Bras,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  3 
m.  S.S  E.  Genappe,  &  10  m.  from  the 
vill.  of  Waterloo.  On  16th  June,  1815, 
it  w.as  the  theatre  of  an  indecisive  action 
between  the  French  &  the  English,  with 
their  allies,  in  which  the  Duke  of  Bruns- 
wick fell. 

QuATRETONDA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Spair, 
B  m.  E.N.E.  San  Felipe. 
•  Quay  (St.),  a  comm.  &   marit.  vill.  of 
Prance,    dep.    Cotes-du-Nord,    11    miles 
N.N.W.  St.  Brieuc.     P.  2,383. 

Quebec,  the  cap.  city  of  British  North 
America,  &  of  Lower  Canada,  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  influx 
of  the  St.  Charles  river,  here  crossed  by 
a  bridge,  about  340  m.  from  the  gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence.  Lat.  46°  49'  1"  N.;  Ion. 
71°  13' W.  P.  42,052;  French  Canadian, 
24,506  ;  British  Canadian.  6,985  ;  Irish, 
6,344 ;  English,  1,280 ;  Scotch,  648 ;  Amer- 
icans, 120;  other  origins,  1,350.  Religioua 
census  :  Church  of  Rome,  32,934  ;  of  Eng- 
land, 3,489.  The  remainder  are  divided 
among  the  various  dissenting  orders. 
Mean  temp,  of  year,  41°.8  ;  winter,  14°. 2  ; 
summer,  6°. 8  Fahr.  It  covers  a  promon- 
tory between  the  two  rivers  ternung,ting 
in  Cape  Diamond ;  it  is  divided  into  the 
fortified  town  having  a  circuit  of  2§  miles, 
&  the  old  town  &  some  new  quarters,  to- 
gether occupying  a  much  larger  extent 
than  the  fortified  quarter.  &  on  its  N.W. 
side.  The  fortifications  are  strong,  &  at 
their  S.  extremity  is  a  citadel  comprising 
40  acres,  having  on  the  W.  the  heights 
of  Abraham,  on  which,  in  1759,  was  fought 
the  action  memorable  by  the  deaths  of 
Wolfe  &  JVIontcalm.  Both  towns  are  built 
chief! 3'  of  stone  &  roofed  with  tin  plates 
or  with  shingles ;  streets  generally  well 
paved.  Its  harbor,  between  the  city  & 
the  isl.  Orleans,  is  accessible  for  ships  of 
the  line,  &  merchantmen  lie  close  to  its 
wharfs.  It  is  the  great  entrepot  for  the 
trade  of  Canada  with  Britain,  the  West 
Indies,  &c.  Quebec  was  founded  by  the 
French  in  1608,  taken  by  the  English  in 
1629  &  1759,  &  finally  ceded  to  Great 
Britain  in  1763.  A  large  part  of  the  town 
outside  of  the  fortifications  was  destroyed 
by  fire  in  1845. 

QuEDA,  a  state  of  Malay  peninsula, 
having  W.  the  strait  of  Malacca.  Area, 
4,500  sq.  m.  Estim.  p.  21,000,  its  inhabi- 
tants having  greatly  diminished  since  it 
.was  conquered  by  the  Siamese  in  1821. 
It  comprises  numerous  grassy  plains,  & 
is  well  wooded.  The  cap.  town,  Quedah, 
is  on  the  mouth  of  a  river,  &  15  m.  further 
S.-ward  is  Quedah  peak,  5,000  feet  in 
height.  V 


6S4 


cycLoi'/r:DiA    of  ciiOGiiAi'iiv. 


[que 


QuEDLiNBURG,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Saxony, 
reg.  &  31  m.  S.W.  Magdeburg,  on  the 
Bode,  a  tributary  of  the  Saale.  P.  13,410. 
It  is  enclosed  by  turreted  walls. 

QuEECHEE,  river,  Vt.     L.  35  m. 

Queen  Anne,  co.  Md.,  on  the  E.  shore. 
Area,  400  sq.  m.  Cap.  Centreville.  P. 
14,484. 

Queen  Charlotte  Islands,  an  island 
&  numerous  islets  of  British  N.  America, 
in  the  Pacific  ocean,  mostly  between  lat. 
52°  &  54°  N.,  &  Ion.  131°  &  133°  W.,  50 
m.  from  the  mainland.  L.  of  principal 
isl.  165  m. ;  br.  varies  to  60  m.  Coasts 
low.  Surface  inland  mntnous.  &  wooded. 
—  Queen  Charlotte  islands,  S.  Pacific,  are 
a  group  between  the  Malicollo  &  Solomon 
islands. —  Queen  Charlotte  sound  is  the 
N.  portion  of  the  strait  which  separates 
Vancouver  island  from  the  mainland. 

Queensberhy,  a  mountain  of  Scotland, 
CO.  &  14  miles  N.  Dumfries. 

Queensbury,  p-t.,  Warren  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  5,313. 

Queen's  County,  an  inland  co.  of 
Ireland.  Leinster.  Area,  664  sq.  m. 
P.  (in  1841)  153,930,  (in  1851)  109,747. 
Surface  mostly  flat,  rising  in  the  K.W. 

into  the    Sliebhloom    mntns. II.   co. 

W.  part  of  Long  Island,  N.  Y.  Area,  396 
sq.  m.  Cap.  North  Hampstead.  P.  36,833. 

Queensferry  (South),  a  seaport 
town  of  Scotland,  co.  Linlithgow,  on  the 
S.  shore  of  the  firth  of  Forth,  9  miles 
W.N.W.  Edinburgh. 

Queen's  Foreland,  an  isl.  of  British 
N.  America. 

Queenstown,  Ireland,  now  name  of 
Cove  of  Cork. 

Queenstown,  a  vill.  of  Upper  Canada, 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Niagara  r.,  about 
5  m.  N.  its  falls. 

QuEicH,  a  river  of  Rhenish  Bavaria, 
after  an  E.  course  of  30  miles,  joins  the 

Rhine. II.  Two  rivers  of  Scotland,  co. 

Kinross. 

Queimada  Islands,  2  islets  of  Brazil, 
prov.  San  Paulo. 

QuEiss,  a  river  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
after  a  N.  course  of  65  miles,  joins  the 
Bober. 

Quel,  a  town  of  Spain,  28  m.  S.E.  Lo- 
groiio.     P.  1,792. 

Quelaines,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Mayenne,  8  m.  N.W.  Chateau  Gon- 
tier.     P.  2,000. 

Quelpaert,  an  island  at  the  entrance 
of  the  Yellow  sea,  60  m.  S.  Corea.  L. 
45  m.,  br.  varies  to  12  m.  Elevation  of 
highest  peak,  6,544  ft. —  Quelpaert  is  a 
royal  palace  of  Portugal,  7  miles  N.W. 
Lisbon. 


Queluz,  a  town  of  Brazil,  20  miles 
S.S.W.  Ouro  Preto.    P.  6,000. 

Quemada,  a  ruined  city  of  the  Mexi- 
can confed.,  state  Zacateeas. 

Quemines,  an  islet  off  the  N.W.  coast 
of  France,  dep.  Finistere,  17  ra.  W.  Brest. 
—  Quemeneven  is  a  comm.  &  vill.,  8  m. 
N.  Quimper.     P.  1,266. 

QuEND,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Somme,  17  m.  N.N.W.  Abbeville.  P.  1,750. 

Quenstadt,  a  vill.  of  Prussia,  3  m. 
N.N.E.  Halberstadt.     P.  1,195. 

QuENTiN  (St.),  a  comm.  &  manufac- 
turing town  of  France,  dep.  Aisne,  on 
the  Somme,  24  m.  N.W.  Laon.  P.  23,218. 
It  has  a  noble  cathedral,  town-hall, 
court-house,  hospitals,  &  public  library 
of  14,000  vols.  Here  the  French  were 
defeated  by  the  Spaniards  10th  August, 

1557. II.  a  mkt.  town,  dep.  Card.     P. 

1,994. 

QuEdUAY,  a  river  of  Uruguay,  South 
Amer.,  joins  the  Uruguay.     L.  100  m. 

QuEHCY,  an  old  dist.  of  France. 

QueretarO;  a  dep.  of  the  Mexican 
confed.,  enclosed  by  the  deps.  Mexico, 
Mechoacan,  Gruanaxuato,  San  Luis  Po- 
tosi,  &  Vera  Cruz.  Area,  7,500  sq.  m. 
P.  120,560.  It  is  wholly  on  the  Anahuac 
table-land,  &  the  mountain  Calpulalpan 
rises  to  upwards  of  8,000  feet  in  height. 
Products  maize  &  cotton,  with  most  Eu- 
ropean grains    &   fruits.      Chief  towns, 

Queretaro  &  Cadereita. II.  Queretaro, 

the  cap.,  above  dep.,  is  in  a  fine  viilley, 
110  m.  N.W.  Mexico.  Lat.  20°  36'  39" 
N.,  Ion.  100°  10'  15"  W.  P.  40,000.  It 
is  well  built,  &  supplied  with  water  by  a 
fine  aqueduct  10  m.  in  length. 

Querfurt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, 18  m.  W.  Merseburg,  on  the  Quern. 
P.  3,650. 

QuerimbA  Islands,  chain  of  islands 
extending  along  the  E.  coast  of  Africa. 

QuERO,   a  mkt.  town  of  Spain,  47  m. 

E.S.E.  Toledo. II.  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy, 

on  the  Piave,  7  m.'  S.  Feltre. III.  a 

small   river  of  Central   America,   state  - 
Honduras. 

QuERRiEN,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Finistere,  6  m.  N.N.E.  Quimperlc. 
P.  3,103. 

Querzola,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  15  m. 
W.S.AV.  Modena.     P.  2,400. 

Quesada,  a  town  of  Spain,  40  m.  E. 
Jaen.     P.  4,503. 

Quesnoy  (Le),  a  comm.  &  fortified 
town  of  France,  dep  Nord,  9  m.  S  E.  Va- 
lenciennes.    P.  3,106. 

Quesnoy-sur-Deule,  a  comm.  &  mkt. 
town  of  France,  dep.  Nord,  6  m.  N.W. 
Lille.    P.  1,837. 


qui] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


635 


QuESSOY,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Cotes-du-Nord,  8  m.  S.E.  St.  Brieuc. 
P.  2,810. 

QuESTEMBERT,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Morbihan,  13  miles  E.S.E. 
Vannes.     P.  1,020. 

QuETTEHOu,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,' dep.  Manche,  9  m.  N.E.  Va- 
lognes.     P.  1,810. 

QcEVEN,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan,  4  m.  N."W.  Lorient.  P. 
1,700. 

QuEviLLY  (Grand),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 

France,  dep.  Seine  Inf.     P.  1,585. II. 

(Q.  le  Petit),  a  comm.  &  vill.,  same  cant. 
P.  2,544. 

QuEVRAc,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Gironde,  4  m.  N.  Lesparre.  P. 
1,990. 

QuEZALTENANGO,  a  City  of  Central 
America,  state  &  115  m.  W.N.W.  Guate- 
mala, cap.  dep.  of  same  name.  P. 
14,000. 

Quia  Country,  a  territory  of  W.  Af- 
rica, immediately  B.  the  peninsula  Sierra 
Leone.     Area,  1,300  sq.  m. 

QuiBERON,  a  peninsula  of  Brittany, 
France,  dep.  Morbihan,  S.S.E.  Lorient, 
7  m.  in  length,  N.  to  S.,  by  2  miles  in 
width. 

QuiBO,  an  island  of  Colombia,  New 
Granada,  dep.  Isthmus.  L.  &  br.  20  m. 
each. 

QuicAMAO,  a  market  town  of  Brazil, 
prov.  Rio-de-Janeiro,  21  m.  S.W.  Campos. 
P.  2,500. 

QuicATLAN,  a  town  of  the  Mexican 
confed.,  dep.  &  44  m.  N.  Oaxaca. — Qui- 
.cara  is  an  island  Pacific  ocean,  8  m.  S. 
Quibo  island. 

Quiche  (Santa  Cruz  del),  a  ruined 
city  of  Central  America,  state  Guate- 
mala, E.N.E.  of  Quezaltenango. 

Quieppe,  an  island  of  Brazil,  prov.  & 
70  m.  S.S.W.  Bahia. 

QuiERZY,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Aisne,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Oise,  20  m.  W. 
Laon. 

QuiBVRAiN,  a  mkt.  town  of  Belgium, 
12  m.  W.S.W.  Mont.     P.  2,000. 

QuiLiMANE,  a  marit.  town  of  E.  Af- 
rica, cap.  a  gov.  of  the  Portuguese  colony 
of  Mozambique,  on  1.  bank  of  the  Quili- 
mane  river,  12  m.  from  the  sea. 

Qui-LiN,  a  city  of  China,  &  reported 
to  be  fortified  after  an  ancient  European 
style. 

,    QuiLLAN,  a  comm.  ifc  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aude,  13  m.  S.  Limoux.     P.  2,152. 

QuiLLEBCEUF,  a  comm.,  town  &  river- 
port  of  France,  dep.  Eure,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Seine.     P.  1,447. 


QuiLOA,  a  town  of  E.  Africa,  Zangiie- 
bar,  on  an  island  off  the  coast,  6  m.  in 
length,  &  between  which  &  the  main- 
land, is  a  secure  harbor. 

QuiLON,  a  seaport  town  of  S.  India, 
on  the  Malabar  coast,  37  m.  N.N.W.  Tri- 
vanderum. 

QuiLLOTA,  a  town  of  Chile,  50  m.  N.W. 
Santiago,  on  the  Aconcagua,  20  m.  from 
the  Pacific.  Estimated  p.  10,000.  It  is 
reported  to  be  3  leagues  in  circuit. 

QuiMPER,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
cap.  dep.  Finistere,  on  the  Odet,  10  m. 
from  the  Altantic.     P.  9,639. 

QuiMPERLE,  a  comm.  &  t.  of  France, 
dep.  Finistere,  cap.  cant.,  at  the  confl.  of 
the  Elle  &  Issole,  which  here  form  a 
small  port  for  vessels  of  50  tons,  27  m. 
E.S.E.  Quimper.     P.  3,981. 

QuiNCETTO,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  8  m. 
N.W.  Ivrea.     P.  of  comm.  1,460. 

QuiNCY,  t.,  Norfolk  co.  Mass.,  9  m.  S. 

by  E.  Boston.      P.  5,017. II.   p-t., 

Franklin  co.  Pa.     P.  2,503. III.  p-v., 

cap.  Gadsden   co.   Fla.     P.  700. IV. 

p-v.,  cap.  Adams  co.  111.,  on  the  Miss.  r. 

Exports  pork. V.  a  comm.  &  market 

town  of  France,  dep.  Seine-et-Marne,  4 
m.  S.  Meaux.     P.  2,040. 

QuiNDiu,  a  portion  of  the  E.  Cordillera 
of  the  Andes,  S.  Amer.,  New  Granada. 

QuiNGEY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Doubs,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Loue,  11 
m.  S.W.  Besanfon.     P.  1,000. 

QuiNHON,  a  town  &  fine  harbor  of 
Anam,  the  town  a  cap.  prov.  on  a  river 
entering  the  harb.,  about  10  m.  further  E. 

QuiNiLUBAN  Islands,  a  group  in  the 
Asiatic  archipelago,  Philippines. 

QuTNNEBAUG,  r.,  Conn.,  unites  with 
the  Shetucket,  3  m.  above  Norwich. 

QuiNNiPiAc,  r..  Conn.,  rises  in  Far- 
mington,  &  enters  New  Haven  harbor. 
L.  30  m. 

QuiNTANA,  a  town  of  Spain,  45  m. 
E.S.E.  Badajoz.     P.  3,290. 

QuiNTANAR  DE  LA  OrDEN,    a   town  Of 

Spain,  prov.  Toledo,  17  m.  W.  Belmonte. 
P.  5,974 — Quintaiiar  del  Rey  is  a  mkt. 
town,  50  m.  S.S.E.  Cuen^a.     P.  1,440. 

QuiNTiN,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Cutes-du-Nord,  9  m.  S.W.  St.  Brieuc. 
P.  3,814. 

QuiNTO,  a  river  of  the  Plata  confed., 
S.  Amer.,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  250  m., 
loses  it?elf  in  a  marsh  near  lat.  34°  S., 

Ion.  63°  W. TI.  a  vill.  of  Austrian 

Italy,  4  miles  N.E.  Verona,  with  1,800 

inhabs. III.  a  town  of  Spain,  27  m. 

S.E.  Zaragoza.    P.  1,373. 

QuiNZANO,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy, 
19  m.  S.S.W.  Brescia.     P.  3,200. 


636 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[rao 


QuiRiGUA,  a  ruined  city  of  Central 
America,  state  Guatemala. 

QuiKiQuiNA,  a  small  isl.  of  Chile,  dep. 
&  10  m.  N.  Concepcion,  at  the  entrance 
of  its  bay. 

QuiRPON,  an  isl.  off  the  N.  extremity 
of  Newfoundland,  British  N.  America,  at 
the  enFrance  of  Belleisle  strait. 

QuissAc.  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gard,  on  the  Vidourle,  19  m.  AV.N.W. 
Nimes.    P.  1,560. 

QuisTELLO,  a  vill.  of  Lombardy,  14  m. 
S.E.  Mantua. 

Quitman,  p-v.,  cap.  Clark  co.  Miss. 

Quito,  the  cap.  city  of  the  republic 
Ecuador,  S.  America,  in  a  ravine  E.  of 
the  volcano  Pichincha,  150  m.  N.N.E. 
Guayaquil ;  elevation  9,543  ft.  P.  50,000. 
It  is  well  built,  &  has  several  handsome 
squares,  in  one  of  which  are  the  cathedral, 
town-hall,  palaces  of  the  archbishop  & 
president  of  the  republic,  &  a  fine  bronze 
fountain.  The  ex-Jesuits'  college  con- 
tains a  public  library  &  halls,'  now  ap- 
propriated to  the  university.  Quito  has 
manufs.  of  course  cotton  &  woollen  goods, 
lace,  hosiery,  jewellery,  &  confectionery, 
&  a  large  trade  in  corn  &  other  agri- 
cultural produce.  Eleven  snow-capped 
mntns.  are  in  view  from  Quito,  &  about 
10  m.  N.E.-ward  is  a  plain  chosen  in  1736 
by  the  French  &  Spanish  astronomers  for 
measuring  a  degree  of  the  meridian. 

QuiTTA,  a  Danish  settlement  on  the 
Guinea  coast,  87  m.  E.N.E.  Accra.  P. 
5,000.(7) 

QuizAMA,  a  dist.  of  Lower  Guinea, 
S-W.  Africa,  betw.  the  rs.  Coanza  &  Longa. 

Quoin  (Great  &  Little),'  two  rocky 
islets  in  the  entrance  of  the  Persian  gulf. 
—  Quoin  is  also  the  name  of  islands  off 
the  N.E.  coast  of  Australia. 

QuoRNDON,  a  tnshp.  of  England,  co. 
Leicester.     P.  1,811. 


E. 

Raab,  a  navig.  river  of  Hungary,  rises 
in  Styria,  &  enters  the  Danube.     L.  130 

m. II.  a  town  of  Hungary,  cap.  co., 

67  m.  W.N.W.  Buda.  P.  18,000.  In 
June,  1809,  the  French  conquered  the 
Austrians  under  its  walls. 

Raalte,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
cap.  cant.,  11  m.  S.S.E.  ZwoHe.  P.  of 
comm.  5,005. — Raamsdonk  is  a  vill.,  9 
m.  N.E.  Breda. 

Eaasay,  one  of  the  Hebrides,  Scotland. 

Kabagh  (El),  a  town.of  Arabia^  110 
m.  N.N.AV.  Mecca. 


Eabastens,'  two  comms.  &  towns  of 

S.AV.   France. 1,   dep.    H.  Pyrenees, 

12  m.  N.E.  Tarbes.   P.  1,582. II.  dep. 

Tarn.  cap.  cant.,  23  m.  W.S.W.  Albi,  on 
the  Tarn.     P.  3,420. 

Rabatt,  a  maritime  town  of  Morocco, 
kingdom  Fez,  20  m-  S.S.W.  Mehediah. 
P.  27,000,  of  whom  7,000  are  Jews.  It 
has  pretty  strong  walls  &  batteries,  a 
citadel,  numerous  mosques  &  minarets, 
&  stone  mausoleums.  The  water  near  it 
is  deep  enough  for  a  frigate  to  come  al- 
most close  to  its  walls. 

Rabba,  a  large  &  populous  town  of 
Central  Africa,  Nigritia,  on  the  Niger. 

Rabba,  a  collection  of  ruins  in  Syria, 
pash.  Damascus,  E.  the  Dead  sea,  &  9  m. 
N.  Kerek. 

Rabbit  Islands,  a  small  group  in  the 
Mgea,n  sea,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Dar- 
danelles. 

Rabij.,  a  town  of  the  isl.  Boavista, 
Cape  Verd  isls.,  on  its  W.  side,  4  m.  E. 
Porto  Sal  Rey.     P.  1,043. 

Rabun,  N.E.  co.,  Ga.  Area,  330  sq.  m. 
Cap.  Clayton.     P.  2,448. 

Raccano,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy, 
7i  m.  S.W.  Rovigo.     P.  1,600. 

Racconigi,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Pied- 
mont, on  the  Maira,  21  m.  S.  Turin.  P. 
of  comm.  10,102. 

Race,  a  name  applied  to  a  heavy- 
running  sea. — The  race  of  Alderney  is 
chiefly  in  the  strait  between  the  island 
Alderney  &  Cape  La  Hogue. —  The  race, 
at  the  E.  end  of  L.  I.  sound,  is  so  called 
from  the  agitated  appearance  of  its 
waters,  occasioned  by  a  reef  of  deeply 
sunken  rocks. — The  race  of  Portland  on 
the  English  coast  nearly  oppo.=!ite,  lies* 
off  the  peninsula  of  Portland  bill. — Race 
Point,  headlands  of  the  U.  S.,  Massa- 
chusetts, &  S  E.  extremity  of  Newfound- 
land. 

Rachova,  a  large  vill.  of  Greece,  gov. 
Boeotia,  10  m.  E.S.E.  Salona. 

Racine,  S.E.  co.,  Wis.  Area,  610  sq. 
m.  P.  14,973. — Racine,  the  cap.,  is  situ- 
ated at  the  mouth  of  Root  riv.,  on  Lake 
Michigan.  A  place  of  rapid  growth  & 
flourishing  business.     P.  5,017. 

Racket,  r.,  N.  Y.,  enters  the  St.  Law- 
rence.    L.  145  ra. 

Racoon,  t.,  Gallia  co.  0.     P.  1,610. 

Racz,  a  market  town  of  Hungary,  co. 
&  43  m.  E.N.E.  Bacs,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Theiss.     P.  11,132. 

Racz-Keve,  a  market  town  of  Hun- 
gary, 22  m.  S.S.W.  Pesth,  on  an  isl.  of 
same  name  in  the  Danube.  P.  4,200. — 
Racz--Keve  isl.  is  28  m.  long  &  1  to  2  m. 
broad. 


.^- 


rah] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


637 


Raczki,  a  town  of  Poland,   12  miles 

N.N.W.  Augustow. 

Radack,  a  group  of  isls.,  Pacific  ocean. 

Radautz,  a  market  town  of  Austrian 
Poland,  Bukovina,  10  m.  S.W.  Sereth. 
P.  1,900. 

Rade,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  25 
m.  E.  Dusseldorf.     P.  1,092. 

Radeberg,  a  town  of  Saxony,  9  miles 
N.E.  Dresden,  on  the  Roeder.  P.  2,311. 
— Radeburg  is  a  town  in  the  circ.,  11  m. 
N.  Dresden,  on  the  Roeder.     P.  2,071. 

Radicena.  a  market  town  of  Naples, 
11  m.  E.  Palmi.     P.  2,700. 

Radicofani,  a  market  town  of  Tus- 
cany, 36  m.  S.S.E.  Siena.     P.  2,300. 

Radicondoli,  a  vill.  of  Central  Italy, 
Tuscany,  13  m.  S.E.  Volterra,  with  a 
castle  &  2,000  inhabs. 

Radkersburg,  a  town  of  Styria,  37 
m.  S.E.  Gratz,  on  an  isl.  in  the  Mnhr.  P. 
2,400. 

Raumansdorf,  a  town  of  Illyria,  circ. 
&  26m.  N.W.  Laybach. 

Radnitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  14  m. 
N.E.'Pilsen.     P.  2,218. 

Radnor,  p-t.,  Del.  co.  Ohio.  P.  1,174. 
II.  t.,  Del.  CO.  Pa.     P.  1,205. 

Radnorshire,  a  co.  of  S.  Wales,  hav- 
ing N.  COS.  Montgomery  &  Salop.  Area, 
426  sq.  m.  P.  31,410.  Sheep,  of  the 
small  hardy  breed,  &  cattle  are  the  staple 
product  of  the  co. 

Radoch  Kovitschi,  a  market  town  of 
Russia,  24  m.  N.W.  Minsk.     P.  1,550. 

Radolfszell,  a  walled  town  of  Baden, 
on  the  Unter-see,  17  m.  W.  Constance.  P. 
1,220. 

,  Radobi,  a  t.,  Poland,  on  the  Radomka, 
57  m.  S.  Warsaw.  P.  5,700.— iJaoIomsAo 
is  a  town,  78  m.  S.E.  Kalisz,  on  railway 
to  Warsaw.     P.  1,816. 

Radomysl,  several  towns  of  E.  Europe. 

1.  Russia,  59  m.   W.N.W.  Kiev,   on 

the  Teterev.  P.  3,300. II.  Russ.  Po- 
land, goat.  Volhynia,  20  m.  N.W.  Dubno. 

P.  2,000. III.  Austrian  Poland,  Gali- 

sia,  18  m.  N.E.  Tarnow.     P.  1,5Q0. 

Radovitz,  a  town  of  Europ.  Turkey, 
50  m.  S.AV.  Ghius'tendil. 

Radstadt,  a  town  of  Upp.  Austria,  35 
m.  S.E.  Salzburg,  on  the  Enns.    P.  2,000. 

Radwan,  a  market  town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  Sohl.  on  the  Gran,  2  m.  S.W.  Neusohl. 
P.  2,000. 

Radzivilov,  a  frontier  town  of  Russ. 
Poland,  115  m.  W.N.W.  Kamenetz. 

Radzvn,  a  town  of  Poland,  30  miles 
S.S.E.  Siedlec,  cap.  co.     P.  2,000. 

Rafael  (San),  the  upper  part  of  the 
river  Colorado,  Upper  California. 

Raffles   Bay,     an   inlet   on   the   N. 


coast  of  Coburg  peninsula,  N.  Australia, 
13  m.  E.  Port  Essington. 

Ragendorf,  a  mkt.  town  of  W.  Hun- 
gary, CO.  &  11  m.  N.N.W.  Wieselburg,  on 
the  Danube.     P.  3,300. 

Ragged  Mountains,  a  range,  N.  H  , 
10  m.  long,  &  2,000  ft.  high. 

Raghib,  a  vill.  of  Arabia,  on  its  S.E. 
coast,  12  m.  N.E.  Ras  Makallah. 

Raghooghur,  two  towns  of  Cent.  Hin- 
dostan. 

Ragian,  a  township  of  Persia,  3  m.  W. 
Bebehan. 

Ragnit,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  30  m. 
N.  Gumbinnen,  on  the  Niemen.  P.  2,850. 

Ragov,  a  market  town  of  Russian  Po- 
land, 25  m.  N.N.W.  Vilkomir. '  P.  1,520. 

Raguhn.  a  town  of  Germany,  on  the 
Mulde,  8  m.  S.  Dessau.     P. .1,589. 

Ragusa,  a  town  of  Sicily,  intend.  Syra- 
cuse, CO.  &  3  m.  W.  Modica,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  river  Ragusa.  P.  17,000. — 
The  riv.  Ragusa,  after  a  S.-ward  course 
of  25  m.,  enters  the  Mediterranean. 

Ragusa,  a  seaport  city  of  Dalmatia, 
cap.  circ.,  on  a  peninsula  in  the  Adriatic, 
38  m.  W.N.W.  Cattaro.  P.  6,000.  It  is 
partly  enclosed  by  old  walls,  flanked  by 
massive  round  towers,  &  has  a  most  im- 
posing appearance  ;  houses  chiefly  in  the 
Italian  style. — Ragusa  Vecckia,  a  vill., 
on  the  Adriatic  ;  7  m.  S.E.  was  the  anc. 
Epidaurus,  destroyed  by  the  Croats  in 
656. 

Rahabeh,  a  castle  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
on  W.  bank  of  the  Euphrates. 

Rahad,  a  river  of  Abyssinia  &  Nubia, 
joins  the  Bahr-el-Azrek,  or  Blue  Nile. 
L.  260  m. 

Rahden,  a  market  town  of  Prussian 
Westphalia,  16  m.  N.W.  Minden,  on  the 
An.     P.  L200. 

Rahdunpoor,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan, 
dom.  &  136  m.  N.W.  Baroda.  It  is  en- 
closed by  a  brick  wall  with  towprs,  &  in 
1820  comprised  4,000  houses, 

Raheia,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  14  m. 
S.E  Jaloun. 

Rahmanieh,  a  town  of  Lower  Egypt, 
25  m.  S.S.E.  Rosetta. 

Raho,  a  vill.  of  Hungary,  18  m.  N.E. 
Szigeth.     P.  2,407. 

Rahoon,  a  vill.  &  pa.  of  Ireland,  Con- 
naught,  CO.  &  containing  a  part  of  the 
town  Galway.     P.  14,433. 

Rahoon,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  Brit- 
i:-h  India,  13  m.  N.E.  Loodianah. 

Rahoury,  a  tovTU  of  British  India,  18 
m.  N.  Ahmednugger. 

Rahova,  a  towu  of  European  Turkey, 
Bulgaria,  55  m.  E.S.E.  Widin,  on  the 
Danube.     P.  2,000. 


638 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GKOGRAPHT. 


[ram 


Rahway,  a  township,  New  Jersey,  10 
m.  S.S.W.  Newark.    P.  3,306. 

Raiatea,  one  of  the  Society  Islands, 
Pacific  ocean,  130  m.  N.W.  Tahiti.  Circ. 
about  40  m. 

Raichor,  a  town  of  India,  Nizam's 
dom.,  110  m.  S.W.  Hyderabad.  It  is 
large,  irregularly  built,  &  has  the  strong- 
est fort  in  this  part  of  India. 

Raidah,  a  seaport  town  of  .4.rabia, 
cap.  a  small  territory,  on  its  S.E.  coast, 
lat.  15°  N,  Ion.  50°  30'  E.  P.  700. 
Principal  exports,  frankincense,  aloes, 
ambergris,  &  shark-fins. 

Raidroog,  a  town  of  British  India,  31 
m.  S.  Bellary. 

Rai-koke,  one  of  the  Kurile  isls.,  Pa- 
cific ocean,  belonging  to  Russia.  L.  &  br. 

15  m.  each. 

Rain,  or  Rhain,  a  town  of  Upper  Ba- 
varia, 23  m.  N.  Augsburg.     P.  1,050. 

Rainhill,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
Lancaster,  &  2§  m.  E.S.E.  Prescot.  P. 
1,164. 

Rainow,  atnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  Chester. 
P.  1,757. 

Rainton,  two  townships  of  Engl.,  co. 
Durham, — I.  (East),  5  m.  NE.  Durham. 

P.  1,414. II.  (West),  same  co.,  4^  m. 

N.E.  Durham.     P.  1,054. 

Rainy  Lake,  N.  America,  160  m.  W. 
L.  Superior,  forms  part  of  the  boundary 
between  the  British  &  U.  States'  terri- 
tories. It  discharges  its  surplus  waters 
AV.-ward  into  the  lake  of  the  Woods,  by 
Rainy  river,  100  m.  in  length. 

Raisen  (Mabket),  a  market  town  of 
England,  co.  &  14  m.  N.N.E.  Lincoln.  P. 
2,022. 

Raisin,  river,  Michigan,  enters  Lake 

Erie.     L.  130  m. II.  t.,  Lenawee  co. 

Mich.     P.  1,117. 

Raismes,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Nord, 
3  m.  N.W.  Valenciennes.     P.  3,433. 

3AISSEEN,  a  decayed  town  of  India, 
Gwalior  dom.,  22  m.  N.E.  Bhopaul. 

Raiva.  a  town  of  Poland,  on  the  Raw- 
ka,  gov.  &  46  m.  S.W.  Warsaw.   P.  1,800. 

Rajagriha,  a  town  of  British  India, 

16  m.  S.  Bahar,  on  the  lofty  site  of  an  old 
fortress.  It  is  a  place  of  pilgrimage,  where 
50,000  Hindoos  sometimes  assemble. 

Rajakera,  a  town  of  Central  Hindos- 
tan,  24  m.  S.  Agra.  ' 

Rajamahal,  a  city  of  British  India, 
on  the  Ganges,  65  m.  N.W.  Moorsheda- 
bad.     Estini.  p.  30,000. 

Rajahmundry,  a  marit.  dist.  of  Brit. 
India,  presid.  Madras,  having  E.  the  bay 
of  Bengal.  Area,  4,690  sq.  m.  P.  578,529. 
The  Godavery  has  its  delta  in  this  dist. 
Princip.   towns,  Rajahmundry,  Coringa, 


&  Samulcotta. —  Rajahmundrr/,  the  cap. 
dist.,  is  on  the, Godavery,  about  43  miles 
from  its  mouth. 

Rajanaguh,  a  town  of  British  India, 

on  the  Ganges,  23  m.  W-S.W.  Dacca. 

II.  a  vill.,  presid.  Madras.. 

Rajawur,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  Brit. 
India,  on  the  Chenab,  120  m.  N.  Lahore. 

Rajecz,  a  market  town  of  Hungary, 
on  an  aiB.  of  the  AVaag,  34  m.  N.W.  Neu- 
sohl.     P.  3,004. 

Rajeshahye,  a  dist.  of  British  India, 
in  the  centre  of  the  prov.  Bengal,  having 
S.  the  main  stream  of  the  Ganges.  Area, 
2,812  sq.  m.     P.  950,000. 

Rajghur,  several  towns  of  India. 

I.  a  fortified  town,  175  m.  S.W.  Gwalior. 

II.  on  the  Cane,  100  m.  S.E.  Jhansi. 

III.  Gurhwal,  45  m.  N.E.  Umbalah. 

Rajoo,  a  town  of  Central  India,  27  m. 
S.  Ryepoor. 

Rajpepla,  a  decayed  town  of  W.  Hin- 
dostan,  55  m.  S.S.E.  Baroda. 

Rakhitua,  two  market  towns,  Russia. 

1,  gov.  Kursk,  16  m.  N.  Kotmysk. 

P.  1,500. II.  19  m.  N.E.  Ostrov. 

Rakka,  a  small  town  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, on  the  Euphrates,  92  m.  S.E.  Bir. 

Rakonitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  30  m. 
W.  Prague.    P.  2,646. 

Rakov,  a  town  of  Poland,  34  m.  W. 
Sandomir,  on  the  Czarna.     P.  1,520. 

II.  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  20  m.  W.N.W. 
Minsk. 

Rakwitz,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
34  m.  S.W.  Posen.     P.  1,700. 

Raldone,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy,  8 
m.  S.E.  Verona.     P.  2,000. 

Raleigh,  city,  Wake  co.  N.  C,  &  cap. 
of  the  state,  on  an  elevated  site  near  the 
Neuse,  27  m.  N.W.  Smithfield.  P.  4,518. 
Streets  diverge  from  a  spacious  square 
in  its  centre,  &  are  well  built.  The  state- 
house  is  built  after  the  model  of  the  Par- 
thenon at  Athens. 

Ralls,  N.E.  co.  Mo.  Area,  470  sq.  m. 
Cap.  New  London.     P.  6,151. 

Ramah,  or  Er-Ram,  a  vill.  of  Pales- 
tine, 5  m.  N.  Jerusalem. II.  p-v.,  cap. 

Shelby  co.  Tenn.     P.  300. III.  p-v., 

cap.  Smith  co.  Miss.     P.  75. IV.  co. 

W.  Va.     P.  1,765. 

Ramapo,  river,  afiiuont  of  the  Passaic. 
II.  t.,  Rockland  co.  N.  Y.     P.  3,222. 

Rambeht  (St.),  two  comms.  &  towns 

of  France. 1,  dep.  Loire,  10  m.  S.E. 

Montbrison,  on  the  Loire.     P.  1,405. 

II.  dep.  Ain,  cap.  cant,  20  m.  S.E.  Bourg. 
P.  1,239. 

Rambervillers,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Vosges,  on  the  Mortagne, 
16  m.  N.E.  Epinal.    P.  4,446. 


ran] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


639 


Rambla  (La),  a  market  town  of  Spain, 

14  m.  S.  Cordova.      P.  9,040. II.   a 

town  of  the  island  Tenerifife,  on  the  W. 
coast.     P.  1,413. 

Rambodde,  a  sanitarium  in  the  central 
prov.  of  Cevlon,  34  m.  from  Kandy,  at  an 
elev.  of  3,320  feet. 

Rambouillet,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  cap.  dep.,  17 
m.  S.W.  Versailles.     P.  2,657. 

Ramelton,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Ulster,  CO.  Donegal,  6  m.  S.W.  Rathmul- 
len.     P.. 1,428. 

Ramghur,  a  large  dist.  of  Brit.  India, 
Area  estim.  at  22,500  sq.  m. 

Ramghur,  cap.  above  dist.  on  the  Dum- 

modah,  200  m.  N.W.  Calcutta. II.  a 

town.  Upper  provs. 

Ramgunga,  a  river  of  British  India, 
Bengal,  Upper  provs.,  after  a  AV.  &  S. 
course  of  250  m.,  joins  the  Ganges. 

Ram-Hormuz,  a  toWn  of  Persia,  82  m. 
S.E.  Shuster. 

Ramillies,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  19  m. 
S.S.E.  Louvain.  Here  the  duke  of  Marl- 
borough defeated  the  French,  23d  May, 
1706. 

Ramirez,  a  wooded  island  in  the  lake 
of  Tamiagua,  Mexico,  dep.  Vera  Cruz, 
S.W.  Tampico. 

Ramisseram,  an  island  in  the  gulf  of 
Manaar,  oflf  the  S.  extremity  of  Hindos- 
tan.  Estim.  1.  11  m. ;  av.  br.  6  m.  Sur- 
face low,  sandy,  &  jungly. 

Ramleh,  a  town  of  Palestine,  pash. 
Gaza,  22  m.  W.N.W.  Jerusalem,  on  the 
route  to  Jaffa.     P.  3,000. 

Ramnad,  a  town  of  British  India,  on 
the  Vayah  river,  125  m.  N.E.  Cape  Co- 
morin. 

Ramnagur,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  5  m. 
S.E.  Benares. II.  a  town  of  the  Pun- 
jab, 90  m.  N.E.  Lahore. — Ramnuggur 
is  a  walled  town  of  the  Punjab,  on  the 
Chenab,  62  m.  N.W.  Lahore. 

Rampoor,  several  towns  of  India. 

I.  presid.  Bengal,  Upper  provs.,  on  the 
Kosila,  40  m.  N.W.  Bareily,  &  105  m.  E. 

Delhi. II.  Gurhwal,  cap.  dist.  Bussa- 

hir,  50  m.  E.N.E.  Belaspoor. III.  a 

town,  dom.  &  112  m.  E.  Odeypoor. 

Ramree,  an  isl.  of  British  India,  Ara- 
can,  N.E.  Cheduba.     L.  50  m.,  br.  16  m. 

Ramsay,  a  seaport  &  market  town  of 
the  Isle  of  Man,  on  its  N.E.  coast,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Ramsay  river,  in  a  bay  of 
same  name,  13  m.  N.N.E.  Douglas.  P. 
2,104. 

Ramsay,-  co.  Minnesota.    P.  2,227. 

Ramsey,  a  mkt.  town  of  England,  co. 
&  10  m.  N.N.E.  Huntingdon.     P.  3,680. 

Ramsgate,  a  seaport  town,  watering 


place,  CO.  Kent,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  Isle 
of  Thanet,  67  m.  E.S.E.  London,  &  15  m. 
E.N.E.  Canterbury.  P.  10,909.  The 
town,  built  on  the  declivity  &  summits  qf 
two  hills,  &  on  the  interval,  or  gate,  be- 
tween them,  is  for  the  most  part  showily 
built,  well-paved,  lighted,  &  of  late  years, 
sufficiently  supplied  with  water.  Its  har- 
bor is  the  largest  artificial  haven  in 
England. 

Ramstadt  (Upper  &  Lower),  2  con- 
tiguous vills.  of  the  grand  duchy  Hessen- 
Darmstadt,  on  the  Modau,  5  m.  S.E. 
Darmstadt.    United  p.  2,600. 

Ranai,  one  of  the  Sandwich  isls..  Pa- 
cific ocean,  W.  Mowee.  L.  20  m.,  br.  10 
miles. 

Rancagua,  an  old  prov.  of  Chile,  S. 
America. 

Range,  two  rivs.  of  France. I.deps. 

Ille-et-Vilaine,  &  COtes-du-Nord,  after  a 
N.  course  of  50  m.,  enters  the   English 

channel. II.  dep.  Aveyron,  tributary 

to  the  Tarn  ;  25  miles. 

Rancon,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Vienne,  6  m.  E.  Bellac.    P.  2,025. 

Randans,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Puy-de-Dume,  cap.  cant.,  21 
m.  N.N.E.  Clermont.     P.  1,497. 

Randazzo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  cap.  cant., 
at  the  N.W.  foot  of  Mt.  Etna.     P.  3,300. 

Randers,  a  town  of  Denmark,  Jiit- 
land,  22  m.  N.N.W.  Aarhuus.  P.  7,100. 
It  has  ship-building  docks  &  manufs.  of 
gloves. 

Randersacker,  a  market  town  of 
Bavaria,  circ.  Lower  Franconia,  on  the 
Main,  3  m.  S.E.  Wiirtzburg,  with  1,320 
inhabs. 

Randolph,  N.AA''.  co.  Va.     Area,  2,060 

sq.  m.     Cap.   Beverly.     P.  5,245. II. 

a   central  co.  N.  C.     Area,   900  sq.    m. 

Cap.  Ashboro'.     P.  15,822. III.  S.W. 

CO.  Ga.    Area,  620  sq.  m.     Cap.  Cuthbert. 

12,868. IV.  E.  CO.  Ala.    Area,  875  .sq. 

m.     Cap.   McDonald.     P.  11,581. V. 

E.  CO.  la.  Area,  440  sq.  m.  Cap.  Win- 
chester.    P.  14,725. VL  S.W.  CO.  111. 

Area,  540  sq.  m.     Cap.   Kaskaskia.     P. 

11,079. VII.  a  central  co.  Mo.     Area, 

450  sq.  m.     Cap.  Huntsville.     P.  9,439. 

VIII.  N.E.  CO.  Ark.     Area,  820  sq. 

m.    Cap.  Pocahontas.     P.  3,275. IX. 

t..    Orange   co.  Vt.     P.  2,666. X.   t., 

Norfolk  CO.  Mass.     P.  3,213. XI.  t., 

Cattaraugus  co.  N.  Y.    P.  1,606. XTI. 

t.,  Crawford  co.  Pa.     P.  1,040. XIII. 

t.,    Morris  co.  N.  J.     P.  1,801. XIV. 

p-t..  Portage  co.  0.     P.  1,649. 

Raneepoor,  a  manuf  town  of  Scinde, 
45  m.  S.W.  Hyderabad.     P.  5,000. 

Ranelagh,  a  suburb  of  the  Insh  me- 


^40 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHV. 


[ras 


tropolis,   H  miles  S.S.E.  Dublin  castle. 
It  is  well  built. 

Ranes,  a  comm.  &  vill,  of  France,  dep. 
Orne,  arrond.  &  11  m.  S.W.  Argentan. 
P.  2,529. 

Rangamatty,  a  decayed  town  of  Brit. 
India,  53  m.  E.N.E.  Rungpoor. 

Rangendingen,  a  vill.  of  S.  Germany, 
on  the  Starzel,  4  m.  "NAY.  Ilechingen. 
P.  1,700. 

Rangoon,  the  principal  commercial 
town  of  the  Burmese  dom.,  on  the  East 
branch  of  the  Irrawadi  at  its  delta,  about 
25  m.  from  the  sea,  &  58  m.  S.S.W.  Pegu. 
Lat.  16°  47'  N.,  Ion.  96°  10'  E.  P.  20,- 
000.  It  extends  on  a  dead  flat  along  the 
river,  consisting  of  sevl.  parallel  streets 
lined  with  reed  huts,  a  few  European 
houses  being  the  only  substantial  build- 
ings. Ships  of  1,200  tons  burden  can 
reach  the  town. 

Rankin,  a  central  co.  Miss.  Area, 
800sq.-m.    P.  7,227.    Cap.  Brandon. 

Rankweil,  a  mkt.  town  of  the  Tyrol, 
3  m.  N.E.  Eeldkirch. 

Rannoch  (Loch),  a  lake  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Perth.     L.  9  m.,  br.  2  ni. 

Ransart,  &  Ransbeek,   two  vills.  of 

Belgium. 1.   3  m.   N.N.E.  Charleroi. 

II.  near  Yilvorde ■—  Ranst  is  a  mkt. 

town,  prov.  &  7  m.  E.S.E.  Antwerp. 

Rantampoor,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  70 
m.  S.B.  Jeypoor. 

Raon  l'Etape,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Vosges,  cap.  cant.,  on  the 
Meurthe,  10  m.  N.N.W.  St.  Diey.  P. 
3,217. 

Rapallo,  a  seaport  town  of  the  Sar- 
dinian dom.,  15  m.  E.S.E.  Genoa,  finely 
situated  on  a  b^y  of  the  Mediterranean. 
P.  with  comm.  9,933.  It  is  rendered  ex- 
tremely picturesque  by  its  chs.  &  a  lofty 
belfry  ;  houses  mostly  built  on  arcades. 

Raphoe,  an  episcopal  mkt.  town  of 
Irel.,  Ulster,  co.  Donegal,  5A  m.  W.N.W. 

Lifford.     P.   1,362. II.  t ,    Lancaster 

CO.  Pa.     P.  3,557. 

Raphti,  a  harbor  of  Greece,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  Attica,  16  m.  E.S.E.  Athens. 

Rapid  Ann,  river,  Va.,  joins  the  Ro- 
anoke. 

Rapides,  a  central  pa.  La.  Area,  600 
8q.  m.     Cap.  Alexandria.     P.  16,561. 

Rapolla,  a  town  of  Naples,  li  m. 
S.E.  Melfl.  P.  3,200.— Eapone  "is  a 
market  town,  10  m.  S.W.  Melfi.  P. 
1,900. 

Rappahannock,  a  river  of  Virginia, 
rises  in  the  Blue  mountains,  flows  mostly 
S.E. -ward,  &  joins  Chesapeake  bay  by  a 
large  estuary,  after  a  course  of  about  130 
miles,  for  the  last  110  m.  of  which,   to 


Freder.,  it  is  navig.  for  vessels  drawing 

10  feet  of  water. II.  co.E.  Va.    Area, 

100  sq.  m.     Cap.  AVashington.     P.  9,752. 

Rapperschwyl,  a  town  of  Switzer- 
Lmd,  cant.  St.  Gall,  8  m.  W.  Utznach.  P. 
1,500. 

Rapbi,  a  large  town  of  Siam,  40  m. 
W.  Bang-kok. 

Raptee,  a  river  of  British  India,  joins 
the  Ganges,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  270 
miles. 

Raraka,  an  island  of  the  Pacific  0., 
Low  archipelago.     L.  15  m. 

Raritan,  a  township.  New  Jersey,  on 
branches  of  Raritan  river,  20  m .  N.  Tren- 
ton.    P.  3,066. II.  a  river,  N.  Jersey, 

after  a  S.E.  course  enters  Raritan  bay, 
at  Amboy,  &  for  its  last  17  tn.  is  navig. 
for  sloops  of  80  tons  burden,  to  Bruns- 
wick, whence  a  canal  joins  it  to  the  Dela- 
ware at  Trenton. — Raritan  bay,  between 
Staten  island  &  Sandy-hook,  is  an  inlet, 
15  m.  in  length,  from  the  ocean  to  Am- 
boy, 12  m.  in  greatest  breadth,  &  10  m. 
S.  "New  York. 

Ras  ("  a  headland"),  the  prefix  of  the 
names  of  numerous  capes  in  Africa  &  W. 
Asia. — Ras-al- Had  is  the  E.  extremity 
of  Arabia. — Ras  Baghashu,  a  rocky  cape, 
S.E.  Arabia,  300  ft.  in  height.— Ras  Ber- 
nas,  or  Cape  Nose,  a  headland  on  the  TV. 
side  of  the  Red  sea,  20  miles  N.E.  the 
ruins  of  Berenice. 

Rasasna,  a  market  town  of  Russia,  54 
m.  N.N.E.  Mogilev,  on  the  Dnieper.  P. 
1,600. 

Rasay,  an  isl.  of  the  inner  Hebriiles, 

Scoti.,   CO.   Inverness. II.  (or,  Black 

Water),  a  river  of  Scotl ,  co.  Ross,  joins 
the  Conan. 

Raschau,  a  vill.  of  Saxony,  18  miles 
S.E.  Grunhain.     P.  2,278. 

Raschischtsch,  a  mkt.  town  of  Rus- 
sian Poland,  on  the  Styr,  13  m.  N.N.W. 
Luck.     P.  1,500. ' 

Ras-el-Khyma,  a  fortified  maritime 
town  of  Arabia,  on  the  Persian  gulf — 
El-Rass  is  a  town  of  Arabia,  Nedjed, 
230  m.  W.N.W.  El-Derayeh,  &  E.N.E. 
Medina. 

Rasgrad,  a  town  of  Europ.  Turkey, 
Bulgaria,  33  m.  S.E.  Rustchuk. 

Ras  Mohammed,  the  S.  point  of  .the 
peninsula  of  Sinai,  Red  sea. 

Rassegu,  one  of  the  Kurile  islands, 
Pacific  ocean,  belonging  to  Russia.  L. 
&  br.  20  m.  each. 

Rassein,  a  lake  of  European  Turkey, 

N.  Bulgaria,  between  the  Danube  &  the 

Black  sea.     L.  W.  to  E.,  27  m.,  br.  5  to 

20  m. 

Rassova,  a  town  of  Europ.  Turkey, 


-RAU] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


641 


Bulgaria,  on  tlie  Danube,  at  its  great  N. 
bend. 

Rassupnaja,  a  fort  of  Eussia,  66  m. 
W.S.W.  Orenburg. 

Rastadt,  a  strongly  fortified  town  of 
Baden,  14  m.S.S.W.  Carlsriihe,  near  r.b. 
of  the  Rhine.     P.  6,300. 

Rastenberg,  a  town  of  Germany,  14 
m.  N.N.E.  Weimar.     P.  1,012. 

Rastenburg,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  54 
m.  S.E.  Konigsberg,  on  the  Guber.  P. 
4,340. 

Raszkov,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
60  ra.  S.E.  Posen.     P.  1,540. 

Rathangan,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  co.  &  5  m.  N.N.W.  Kildare.  P. 
1,083. 

Rathcline,  a  baronv  of  Irel.,  Lein- 
ster, CO.  Longford.     P.  2,792. 

Rathconrath,  a  vill.  of  Ivel.,  Lein- 
ster, CO.  Westmeath.     P.  3,378. 

Rathcormack,  a  mkt.  town  of  Irel., 
Munster,  15  m.  N.N.E.  Cork.    P.  1,321. 

Rathpown  Castle,  a  ruin  on  the  E. 
, coast  of  Irebmd,  Leinster,  co.  Wicklow,  2 
m.  S.  Bray-head. 

Rathdowney,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  Queen's  co.     P.  1,414. 

Rathdrum,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  co.  &  8  m.  W.S.W.  Wicklow. 
P.  2,905. 

Rathenow,  a  town  of  Prussia,  34  m. 
W.N.W.  Potsdam.     P.  5,350. 

Rathfarnham,  a  large  vill.  of  Irel., 
Leinster,  co.  A;  3  m.  S.  Dublin.     P.  4,469. 

Rathfriland,  a  mkt.  town  of  Irel., 
Ulster  CO.  Down,  9  m.  E.N.E.  Newry.  P 
2,183. — Ratligar  is  a  vill.  of  Leinster,  co. 
&  2  m.  S.  Dublin. 

Rathkeale,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  co.  &  17  m.  AV.S.W.  Limerick, 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Deel,  a  tributary 
cf  the  Shannon.     P.^4,210. 

Rathlin,  an  island  off  the  N.  coast  of 
Irel.,  Ulster,  in  the  N.  channel.  P.  1,010. 
Like  the  Giant's  Causeway,  on  the  oppo- 
site coast,  it  is  of  basaltic  formation. 
Amongst  its  antiquities  is  a  ruined  castle, 
.  which,  in  1306,  afforded  a  refuge  to  Robt. 
Bruce. — Rathlin  O'Birne  is  a  group  of 
islets  off  Teelen-head,  Ulster,  at  the  N. 
side  of  the  entrance  to  Donegal  bay. 

Rathmines,  a  suburb  of  Dublin,  on 
its  S.  side,  1§  m.  S.  Dublin  eastle.  P. 
2,429.  It  has  a  modern  residence  on  the 
site  of  a  bat-field,  where  the  republicans 
totally  defeated  the  forces  of  the  Marquis 
of  Ormonde  in  1649. 

Ratibor,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  44  m.  S.S.E.  Oppeln,  cap.  circ, 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Oder.     P.  7,810. 

Ratingen,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 


sia, 6  m.  N.E.  Diisseldorf,  with  3,900  in- 
habitants. 

Eatisbon,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  67  m. 
N.N.E.  Munich,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Danube. 
P.  23,000.  It  is  walled,  &  entered  by  6 
gates.  Chief  edifices,  a  cathedral,  built  ■ 
1375 ;  a  fine  town-house,  in  which  the 
diet  of  the  empire  was  held  from  1662  to 
1806  ;  the  old  episcopal  palace,  in  which 
is  a  monument  to  Keppler,  &  a  fine 
stone  bridge  over  the  Danube,  1,100  ft. 
long.  It  has  a  steam-packet  station,  & 
considerable  commerce  on  the  Danube. 
It  was  long  the  cap.  of  Bavaria,  &  after- 
wards a  fiee  imperial  city  till  1806.  Near 
it,  in  1809,  Napoleon  was  wounded  in  a 
battle  in  which  he  forced  the  Austrians 
to  retreat. 

Ratmanoff  Island,  one  of  the  Dio- 
mede  isls.,  Behring  sea. 

Ratnafoora,  "  the  city  of  gems,"  a 
town  of  Ceylon,  on  a  river  navigable  for 
boats,  45  m.  S,E.  Colombo. 

Ratno,  a  market  town  of  Russian  Po- 
land, 30  m.  N.N.W.  Kovel.     P.  1,800. 

Ratoneau,  a  fortified  island  off  the  S. 
coast  of  France,  dep.  Bouohes-du-RhOne. 

Rattenberg,  a  walled  town  of  the 
Tj'rol,  on  the  rt.  b.  of  the  Inn,  28  m. 
E'.N.B.  Innsbrilck.     P.  1,050. 

Eatz-Boszobmeny,  a  town  of  S.E. 
Hungary,  co.  Bihar,  11  m.  W.N.W. 
Grossvvardein.  P.  17,000. — Ratz- Almas 
is  a  vill.,  CO.  Stuhlweissenburg,  near 
Adony.     P.  2,190. 

Ratzebuhr,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pom- 
erania,  51  m.  S.S.E.  Kdslin,  with  1,590 
iuhabs.  , 

Ratzeburg,  a  town  of  Denmark,  duchy 
Laueuburg,  12  m.  S.E.  Liibeck,  on  a  small 
island  of  the  lake  of  Ratzeburg.  P.  3,083. 
— The  lake  of  Ratzeburg  is  6  m.  long  & 
Ij  m.  broad. —  Principality  of  Ratzeburg 
has  ail  area  of  130  sq.  m.,  &  a  p.  of 
14,896. 

Raucourt,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Ardennes,  cap.  cant.,  15  m.  S.E. 
Mezieres,  with  1,505  inhabs. 

RaudkanI;  a  market  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  138  m.  N.W.  Vilna.     P.  1,500. 

Raudnitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the 
Elbe,  9  m.  S.E.  Leitmeritz.     P.  3,200. 

Raudten,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
43  m.  N.AV.  Breslau.  ^  P.  1,225. 

Rauenstein,  two  vills.  of  Central  Ger- 
many.  1.    3  m.  N.E.  Schalkau. 

II.  Saxony,  circ.  Leipzig. 

Raumo,  a  seaport  town  of  Finland,  on 
a  bay  of  the  gulf  of  Bothnia,  55  m.  N.W. 
Abo.     P.  1,700. 

Rauhis,  a  mkt.  town  of  Upper  Austria, 
40  m.  S.  Salzburg.     P.  1,610.  v 


042 


CTCLOP^DIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[rea 


Eauscha,  a  vill.  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
16  m.  N.W.  Bunzlau.     P.  1,054. 

Rauschenberg,  a  town  of  Hessen- 
Cassel,  on  the  Wohra,  9  m.  E.N.E.  Mar- 
burg.    P.  1,528. 

Ravanusa,  a  mkt.  town  of  Sicily,  21 
m.  B.S.E.  Girgenti.     P.  6,400. 

Raveb,  one  of  the  "  five  fivers"  of  the 
Punjab,  risps  near  Chumba,  flows  S.W. 
&  joins  the  Chenab.  Estiin.  length  370  m. 

Ravello,  a  town  of  Naples,  11  m. 
E.N.E.  Salerno.     P.  1,400. 

Ravenglass,  a  small  market  town  & 
seaport  of  England,  co.  Cumberland,  42 
m.  S.S.W.  Carlisle. 

Ravenna,  a  city  of  Central  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta.,  cap.  of  one  of  the  N.  lega- 
tions &  of  the  Romagna,  in  a  marshy 
plain,  on  the  Montone,  5  m.  from  its  port 
on  the  Adriatic,  &  16  m.  N.E.  Forli.  P. 
12,000.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls  about  3 
m.  in  circuit,  &  entered  by  5  handsome 
gates  ;  &  it  is  richer  in  antiquities  of  the 
early  middle-ages  than  any  other  Italian 
city,  having  been  the  residence  of  the 
emperors  of  the  West  from  the  time  of 
Honorius,  &  the  cap.  of  Italy  under 
Odoacer,  Theodoric,  &  the  succeeding 
Gothic  kings,  the  Byzantine  monarohs,  & 
the  Lombards.  About  1  m.  N.  the  city 
is  the  tomb  of  Thedoric,  novv  the  church 
of  Santa  Maria  Rotondo  ;  a  pillar,  also 
outside  of  the  citj',  commemorates  the 
death  of  Gaston  de  Foix,  &  the  victory 
of  Louis  XII.  of  France,  &  the  Duke  of 
Ferrara,  over  Pope  Julius  II.  &  the 
Spaniards  in  1512.  The  legation  of 
Ravenna  comprises  903  sq.  m.    P.  (1843) 

202,315. II.  p-t ,  cap.  Portage  co.  0. 

P.  1,542.    The  7.,  situated  near  the  Cuy- 
ahoga r.,  is  pleasant  &  flourishing. 

Ravensburg,  a  town  of  Wijrtemberg, 
22  m.  E.N.E.  Constance.     P.  4,439. 

Ravieues,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Yonne,  13  m.  S.E.  Tonnerre. 
P.  1,226. 

Rav^ta,  a  town  of  Poland,  45  m.  S.W. 

Warsaw.     P.  2,000. -II.  a  mkt.  town 

of  Austrian  Poland,  Galicia,  32m.N.N.W. 
Lemberg. 

Rawak,  an  isl.  of  the  E.  archipelago, 
off  the  N.  side  of  the  island  Waygiou. 

Rawden,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
York,  AV.  Riding,  6  m.  N.N.E.  Bradford. 
P.  2,531. 

Rawil-Pinde,  a  large  fortified  town 
of  the  Punjab,  47  m.  E.S.E.  Attock. 

Rawitsch  or  Rawicz,  a  walled  town 
of  Prussian  Poland,  reg.  &  55  m.  S.  Posen. 
P.  8,790. 

Rawley's  Springs,  a  watering  place, 
^Rockingham  co.  Va. 


Ray,  N.W.  co.,  Me.  Area,  570  sq.  m. 
Cap.  Richmond.     P.  10,373. 

Raygrod,  a  town  of  Poland,  gov.  & 
14  m.  S.W.  Augustow,  on  Lake  Raygrod. 
P.  1,950. 

Raygunge,  a  town  of  British  India. 
Though  modern,  it  is  iU  built ;  but  it  is 
a  place  of  much  bustl^,  &  is  said  to  com- 
prise 1,000  dwellings. 

Raymond,    t.,    Cumberland    co.   Me. 

P.  1,192. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Hinds  co.  Miss. 

P.  400. 

Raynam,  t.,  Bristol  co.  Mass.  P. 
1,329. 

Raz  (Le),  a  headland  of  France,  Brit- 
tany, dep.  Finistere,  on  the  Atlantic, 
opposite  the  island  Sein,  25  m.  S.S.W. 
Brest. 

Razo,  one  of  the  Cape  Verd  islands, 
.Atlantic,  S.E.  Bra.nco. 

Re,  an  isl.  off  the  W.  coast  of  France, 
dep.  Charente  Inf.,  in  the  gulf  of  Gas- 
cony,  separated  on  N.  from  the  dep. 
Vendee  by  the  strait  called  Pertuis 
Breton,  &  on  S.  from  the  lie  d'Oleroh  by 
that  of  Fertuis  d' Antioche.  L.  18  ra.; 
br.  4  m.  The  best  ports  are  St.  Martin, 
Ars,  &  La  Flotte. 

Readfield,  t.,  Kennebec  co.  Me.  P. 
2,037. 

Reading,  a  market  town  of  England, 
cap.  CO.  Berks,  on  the  Kennet,  38  m. 
W.S.W.  London.  P.  23,000.  It  has  spa- 
cious main  streets,  well  paved  &  lighted, 

&  many  handsome  residences. II.  t., 

Windsor  co.   Vt.      P.   1,336. III.  t., 

Middlesex  co.  Mass.   P.  2,193. IV.  t., 

Fairfield  co.  Conn.    P.  1,674. V.  p-t., 

Steuben  co.  N.  Y.    P.  1,541 . VI.  p-b., 

cap.  Berks  co.  Pa.,  57  m.  N.W.  Philadel- 
phia. Laid  out  in  1748,  by  Thomas  & 
Richard  Penn,  proprietaries  &  governors 
of  the  province.  White  wines  of  an  ex- 
cellent quality  are  made  to  the  amount 
of  100  bbls.  annually.  Two  fine  covered 
bridges  cross  the  Schuylkill,  here  600  ft. 
wide,  one  of  which  cost  $60,000.    Manufs. 

important.  P.  10,000. VII.  t.,  Adams 

CO.  Pa.     P.  1,026. VIII.  t..  Perry  co. 

0.     P.  200. 

Readington.  p-t.,  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J. 
P.  2,373. 

Realejo,  a  seaport  town  of  Central 
Amer.,  state  Nicaragua,  on  a  bay  of  the 
Pacific  ocean,  20  m.  N.W.  Leon.  P. 
2,000.(7)  The  harbor  is  capacious  &  safe, 
&  vessels  can  come  to  within  1  m.  from 
the  town,  which  is  mean,  straggling,  & 
backed  by  a  forest. 

Realmont,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn,  cap.  cant.,  10  m.  S.  Albi.      P.  " 
2,238. 


red] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


643 


Realville,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Tara-et-Garonne,  8  m.  N.N.E.  Mon- 
tauban.  P.  3,029. — Reauville  is  a  vill., 
dep.  Drome,  with  1,114  inhabs. 

Kebais,  a  comm.  &  tovTn  of  France, 
,  dep.  Seine-et-Marne,  cap.  cant.,  6  miles 
E.N.E.  Coulommiers.     P.  1,793. 

Recanati,-  a  town  of  Central  Italy, 
Pontif  sta.,  on  the  Musone,  4  m.  S.W. 
Loreto.     P.  4,500. 

Recco,  a  market  toVn  of  N.  Italy, 
Sardinian  dom.,  11  m.  E.S.E.  Genoa,  on 
the  Mediterranean.     P.  of  comm.,  4,557. 

Recey-sur-Ource,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Cote-d'Or,  on  the  Ouree,  14 
m.  E.S.E.  Cbatillon-sur-Seine.     P.  1,067. 

Recherche  Archipelago,  off  the 
S.W.  coast  of  Australia. —  Recherche  bay 
is  near  the  S.  extremity  of  Tasmania 
(Van  Diemen's  Landl ;  &  Recherche  isl. 
in  the  Pacific  ocean,  lat.  11°  40'  3"  S., 
Ion.  166°  45'  E. 

Rechicoukt,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
-cap.  cant.,  dep.  Meurthe,  11  m.  S.W.  Sar- 
rebourg.     P.  1,000. 

Rechnitz,  a  market  town  of  W.  Hun- 
gary, 8  m.  S.W.  Giins.     P.  5,000. 

Recife,  a  city  of  Brazil,  cap.  prov. 
Pernambuco,  on  the  Atlantic.   It  consists 

of  3  distinct  quarters. 1,  the  town  of 

S.-Pedro-Conjalves,  on  a  sandy  peninsu- 
la.  11.  the  vill.  of  S.  Sacramento,  on 

the  isl.  Santo- Antonio,  between  the  rivs. 

Biberibe  &  Capibaribe. III.  the  vill. 

of  Sacramento  or  Boa-vista.  P.  12,000 
free  &  6,000  slaves.  The  port  is  defend- 
ed by  4  forts,  &  the  harbor  is  protected 
by  an  extensive  reef  of  rocks.  It  is  only 
fit  for  vessels  drawing  less  than  12  feet 
water.  Chief  e.xports,  cotton,  sugar,  & 
dye-wood.     P.  of  dist.  of  Recife,  38,000. 

Recigliano,  a  market  town  of  Naples, 
on  a  height  20  m.  E.  Campagna. 

Reckem,  a  town  of  Belgian  Lirabourg, 

5  m.  N.N.E.  Maestricht.     P.  1,100. 

II.  a  frontier  vill.,  on  the  Lys,  5  m.  S.W. 
Courtrai. 

Reckendorf,  a  vill.  of  Bavaria,  8  m. 
N.N.W.  Bamberg.     P.  1,154. 

Recklinghausen,  a  town  of  Prussian 
AVestphalia,  31  m.  S.W.  Miinster.  P. 
3,010. 

Recoaro,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  19  miles 
N.W.  Vicenza.     P.  4,000. 

Reculet,  the  loftiest  point  of  the  Jura 
mntns.  in  France,  dep.  Ain,  10  m.  W.N.W. 
Geneva. 

Redang,  an  island  in  the  gulf  of  Siam, 
E.  the  Malay  peninsula. 

Red  Bank,  p-v ,  Monmouth  co.  N.  J. 

P.  500. II.  p-t ,  Clarion  co.  Pa.      P. 

3,078. 


Reddish,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  Lan- 
caster.   P.  1,188. 

Redditch,  a  large  vill.  of  Engl.,  co. 
Worcester,  12  m._  S.S.W.  Birmingliam. 
P.  3,314,  mostly  employed  in  the  manu- 
facture of  needles,  fur  which  this  is  the 
chief  seat  in  Engl.  Upwards  of  70,000,- 
OOO  are  said  to  be  made  weekly. 

Redene,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Finistere,  3J  m.  E.S.E.  Quimperle. 
P.  1,289. 

Redford,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.  Mich.  P. 
1.108. 

Red  Hook,  p-t.,  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.,  49 
miles  S.  Albany.  P.  3,263.  It  has  two 
landings  called  Lower  Red  Hook&  Upper 
Red  Hook. 

Redinha,  a  vill.  of  Portugal,  in  a  plain, 
8  m.  N.N.E.  Pombal.     P.  2,000. 

Red  Lion,  p-v.  &  hand..  New  Castle 
CO.  Del.     P.  1,401. 

Rednitz,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  joins  the 
Pegnitz  at  Fijrth.     L.  50  m. 

Redon,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ille-et-Vilaine,  38  m.  N.W.  Nantes. 
P.  3,454. 

Redonda,  two  isls.  of  the  Brit.  West 

Indies. 1,  between  Nevis  &  Montser- 

rat. II.  off  the  N.  extrera.  of  Grenada. 

Redondela,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  bay 
of  Vigo,  on  which  it  has  a  port,  7  m.  N.E. 
Vigo.     P.  2,790. 

Redondo,  a  town  of  Portugal,  22  m. 
E.  Evora,  with  3,000  inhabs.  —  Novo- 
Redondo  is  a  Portuguese  fort,  Lower 
Guinea,  on  the  Atlantic. 

Redout  Kale,  a  fort  of  the  Russian 
dom.,  Transcaucasia,  in  the  Black  sea,  20 
m.  N.  Poti. 

Red  River,  two  large   rivers  of  the, 

U.  S. 1,  rises  at  the  base  of  the  Rocky 

mntns  ,  near  Santa  Fe,  Mexico;  flows  at 
first  E.,  forming  the  limit  between  Texas 
&  the  Ozark,  &  Arkansas  territories,  & 
then  S.E.  through  Louisiana,  &  joins  the 
Mississippi  128  m.  N.W.  New  Orleans. 
Total  course  estim.  at  1,500  m.  About 
100  m.  above  the  latter  commences  the 
raft,  where,  by  vast  collections  of  fallen 
timber,  the  river  is  expanded  to  a  breadth 
of  20  or  30  miles,  for  60  or  70  miles  of  its 
course,  &  divided  into  numerous  chan- 
nels. The  U.  States  government  has 
rendered  the  riv.  navigable  for  steam- 
boats for  400  m.  from  its  mouth. II. 

{North  Red  river),  rises  near  lat.  46°  N., 
Ion.  96°  W.,  flows  N.  &  enters  Lake  AVin- 
nipes,  at  its  S.  extremity,  after  a  course 

of  300  m. III.  t.,  La'Fayette  co.  Ark. 

P.  700. IV.  CO.,  Texas.    P.  3,906. 

Redruth,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl.,  co. 
Cornwall,  9  m.  W.N.W.  Falmouth.  P. 


644 


CYCLOP-EDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[rei 


Red  Sea,  or  Arabian  Gulf,  an  inland 
sea  between  Africa  &  Asia  (Arabia),  lat. 
12°  40'  to  30°  N.,  Ion.  32°  30'  to  43°  30' 
E.  L.  N.W.  to  S.E.,  upwards  of  1,400 
m. ;  br.  varies  to  nearly  200  m.  At  its 
S.  extremity  it  communicates  with  the 
Indian  ocean  by  the  strait  Bab-el- Mandeb. 
In  its  N.  part  it  bifurcates  into  the  gulfs 
of  Suez  &  Akabah,  which  enclose  the  pe- 
ninsula of  Sinai.  Depth  varies,  average 
about  100  fathoms.  It  abounds  with  isls. 
&  coral  reefs,  &  is  supposed  by  some  to 
have  derived  its  name  from  the  large 
quantities  of  red  coral  &  pink-colored 
nici  which  -it  yields  ;  while  it  is  more 
probably  derived  from  the  ane.  IdumcB, 
"sea  of  Edom,"  or  "red  sea."  The  navi- 
gation is  difficult  owing  to  sudden  changes 
of  wind  &  heavy  gales. 
Hedston,  t.,  Fayette  co.  Pa.  P.  1,159. 
Eed  Sulphur  Springs,  p-v.,  M(mroe 
CO.  Va.,  249  W.  Richmond,  286  W.  Situ- 
ated on  Indian  cr.,  40  m.  S.W.  of  White 
Sulphur  Springs. 

Redwitz,  a  mkt.  town  of  Bavaria,  23 
m.  E.  Baireuth.     P.  1,580. 

IIee  (Lough),  a  lake  of  Irel.,  near  its 
centre,  between  Leinster  &  Connaught. 
Reed,  t.,-  Seneca  co.  0.     P.  1,214. 
Rees,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  41 
in.  N.N.W.  DiJsseldorf,  on  the  Rhine.    P. 
3,342. 

Reeth,  a  mkt.  town  of  England,  co. 
York,  N.  Riding,  8  m.  W.S.W.  Richmond. 
P.  1,343. 
Reetz,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the  Ihna, 

42  m.  E.S.E.  Stettin.     P.  2,400. II.  a 

vill.,  9  m.  W.S.W.  Belzig. 

Reevesby  Island,  S.  Australia,  Spen- 
cer's gulf. 

Regalbuto,  a  town  of  Sicily,  25  m. 
W.N.W.  Catania.  P.  6,200.  —  Regal- 
muto  is  a  town,  intend.  &  10  ih.  N.E. 
Girgenti. 

Regan,  a  small  fortified  town  of  Per- 
sia, near  the  Belooch  frontier. 

Regen,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  enters  the 

Danube,  1.  68  m. II.  a  mkt.  town  of 

Bavaria,  on  the  Regen,  32  m.  N.N.W. 
Passau.  P.  1,220.  —  Regenstauf  is  a 
mkt.  town  of  Bavaria,  8  m.  N.N.E.  Rat- 
isbon.     P.  1,570. 

Regensperg  &  Regenstoef,  two  con- 
tiguous vills.  of  Switzerland,  10  m.  N.W. 
Zurich. 

Regent's  Sword,  a  remarkable  prom- 
ontory of  China,  which  divides  the  gulf 
of  Pe-che-le  fromHhe  Yellow  sea.  L. 
50  m. 

Regenwalde,  a  town  of  Prussian  Po- 
merania,  42  m.  N.E.  Stettin.     P.  2,130. 
Reggio,  the  most   S.  city  &  seaport 


of  Italy,  Naples,  8  m.  S.  E.  Messina,  ou 
the  E.  side  of  its  strait.  P.  7,300.  It  is 
fortified,  well  supplied  with  water,  &  sur- 
rounded by  a  fine  country.  In  ancient 
times  this  was  one  of  the  most  renowned 
cities  of  Magna  Gisecia,  &  was  cele- 
brated for  its  wiues.  It  was  ruined  by 
the  earthquake  of  1783. II.  a  forti- 
fied city  of  N.  Italy,  duchy  &  14  m. 
W.N.W.  Modena,  cap.  dist.,  on  the  Jilmil- 
ian  Way,  &  connected  with  the  Po  by 
the  river  Crostolo  &  navigable  canal 
of  Tassone.  P.  17,000.  It  is  well  built 
&  handsome;  streets  bordered- with  ar- 
cades. 

Regis  (St.),  a  tnshp.  of  Lower  Cana- 
da, on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
York  frontier,  at  the  S.  extremity  of 
Lake  St.  Francis,  63  m.  S.W.  Montreal. 
Regla,  a  fortified  suburb  of  Havana, 
Cuba,  on  the  opposite  side  of  its  bay.  It 
is  well  built,  &  is  the  principal  seat  of 
the  Havana  slave  trade. 

Regnitz,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  Franco- 
nia,  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Rednitz 
&  Pegnitz  at  Fiirth,  joins  the  Main. 
Navig.  35  m. 

Regny,  a  comm.   &  vill.    of  France, 

dep.  Loire,  6  m.  E.S.E.  Roanne.  ^.  1,392. 

Regoa,    a   vill.   of  Portugal,    on   the 

Douro,  3  m.  N.  Lamego. 

Rgguiny  &  Reguisheim,  two  comms. 

&  vills.  of  France. 1,  in  dep.  Morbi- 

han,  15  m.  W.N.W.  Ploermel,  with  1,135 

inhabs. II.  dep.  H.  Rhin,  on  the  111. 

P.  2,201. 

Rehau,  a  mkt.  town  of  Bavaria,  cap. 
dist.,   on   the   Griinebach,    17   m.   N.W. 
Eger.     P.  L600. 
Rehburg,  a  town  of  Hanover,  22  m. 

W.N.W.  Hanover.     P.  1,325. Rehdm 

is  a  town  of  W.  Prussia,  24  m.  S.  Marien- 
werder.     P.  1,300. 

Rehme,  a  vill.  of  Prussian  Weatpha- 
lia,  6  m.  S.W.  Minden.     P.  1,590. 

Rehna,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg  Schwe- 
rin,  17  m.  E.S.E.  Liibeck.     P.  2,579. 

Rehoboth,  t.,  Bristol  co.  Mass.  P. 
2,169. 

Reichelsheim,  mkt.  town  of  Germa- 
ny, grand  duchy  H.  Darmstadt,  14  m. 
SIE.  Darmstadt.     P.  1,210. 

Reichenau,    several    towns,    Ac,    of 

Germany. 1.  Bohemia,  19  m.  E.S.E. 

Koniggratz.      P.   3,900. II.  Saxony, 

eirc.  Bautzen,  7  m.  E.  Zittau.     P.  3,663. 

Reichenau,  a  hamlet  of  Switzerland, 

Grisons,  at  the  jijnction  of  the  two  heads 

of  the  Rhine,  6  m.  W.S.W.  Chur. II. 

an  island  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden, 
circ  Lake,  in  the  Untersee,  3^  m.  N.W. 
Constance.     L.  3  m.,  br.  1  m.     P.  1,460. 


rem] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


645 


Reichbnbach,  a  river  of  Switzerland, 
joins  the  Aar  opposite  Meyringen.  It 
descends  nearly  2,000  ft.  in  a  succession 
of  falls. 

Bteichenbach,  several  towns  &  vills. 

of  German}". 1.  Saxony,  11m.  N.N.E. 

Plauen.  P.  6,699. II.  Prussian  Sile- 
sia, reg.  &  31  m.  S.W.  Breslau,  on  the 

Peilau.     P.  5,310. III.  Bavaria,  circ. 

Upper  Palatinate,  on  the  Eegen,  7  m.  W. 
Roding.     P.  1,358. 

Reichenberg,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
circ.  Bunzlau,  on  the  Neisse,  58  m.  N.E. 
Prague.     P.  13,500. 

Reichenhall,  a  town  of  tipper  Bava- 
ria, on  the  Saal,  8  m.  S.W.  Salzburg.  P. 
2,660.  In  its  vicinity  are  salt  works, 
which  furnish  annually  240,000  cwt.  of 
salt. 

Reichensachsen,  a  vill.  of  II«ssen 
Cassel,  on  the  Sunter,  4  m.  S.W.  Esch- 
wege.     P.  1,689. 

Heichenstein,  two  towns  of  Germany. 

1.    Prussian   Silesia,   48   m.   S.S.W. 

Breslau.  P.  2,000. II.  {Unter),  Bo- 
hemia, on  the  Wotawa,  21  m.  S.S.E.  Kla- 
tau. 

Reichshofen,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Bas-Rhin,  14  m.  S.W:  Wis- 
sembourg.     P.  2,626. 

Keichstadt,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  45 
m.  N.N.E.  Prague.  P.  1,900.  In  1818 
it  was  erected  into  a  duchy  for  the  son  of 
Napoleon  (&  nephew  of  the  Emperor 
Francis  of  Austria),  who  was  born  in 
1811,  &  died  in  1832. 

Reiden,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Lucerne,  7  m.  N.W.  Sursee.     P.  1,490. 

Reidsville,  p-v.,  cap.  Tatnall  co.  Ga. 
P.  40. 

Reigate,  a  mkt.  town  of  England,  co. 
Surrey,  21  m.  S.S.W.  London.  Area  of 
pa.  5,900  ac.  P.  14,321.  It  is  situated 
on  a  rook  of  white  sand,  in  the  beautiful 
district  of  Holmsdale,  &  is  remarkably 
neat  &  clean,  having  an  unusual  num- 
ber of  handsome  residences,  &  some 
groundworks  of  a  castle,  including  a  cave 
in  which  the  barons  are  said  to  have 
met  &  arranged  the  articles  of  Magna 
Charta. 

Reignac,  several  vills.  &  comins.  of 

France. 1,  dep.  Charente,  arrond.  &  3 

m.  S.S.W.  Barbezieux.     P.  1,272. II. 

dep.  Giroiide.    P.  2,021. III.  dep.  In- 

dre-et-Loire,  15  m.  S.E.  Tours. Reig- 

nier  is  a  vill.  of  Sard.,  dom.  Savoy,  7  m. 
S.E.  Geneva.     P.  1,709. 

Reikiavik,  the  cap.  town  of  Iceland, 
near  its  S;W.  coast.     P.  900. 

Reillane,  a  comm.  &  small  town'  of 
France,  dep.  B.  Alpes,  cap.  cant.,  8  m. 


S.W.  Fofcalquier.     P.  1379.— Reillo  is  a 
mkt.  town  of  Spain,  18  m.  S.E.  Cuenpa. 

Reims,  a  city  of  France,  cap.  arrond., 
dep.  Marne,  25  m.  N.W.  Chalons,  on  the 
Vesle.  P.  42,481.  The  streets  are  wide 
&  straight,  but  the  houses  have  little  ele- 
vation. The  town  is  ornamented  with 
numerous  fountains,  &  many  fine  edifi- 
ces. Clovis  was  baptized  at  Reims  ad. 
496,  after  the  battle  of  Tolbiac.  Philip 
Augustus  was  consecrated  here  in  1179, 
&  all  his  successors  have  been  also  con- 
secrated at  Reims  till  the  revolution  of 
1830,  with  the  exception  of  Henry  IV., 
Napoleon,  &  Louis  XVIII. 

Reinach,  2  vills.  of  Switzerland. 

I.  cant.   Aargau,   12   m.  S.S.E.  Aarau. 
P.  2,600. II.  cant.  &  5  m.  S.  Basle. 

Reinerz,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
58  m."  S.S.W.  Breslau,  on  the  Weistritz. 
P.  2,360. 

Reisen,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
44  m.  S.S.W.  Posen.     P.  1,340. 

Relleu,  a  town  of  Spain,  20  m.  N.E. 
Alicante,  with  a  ruined  castle.     P.  2,435. 

Remalard,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Orne,  on  the  Huine,  13  m. 
S.E.  Mortagne.     P.  1,845. 

Rembang,  a  Dutch  residency  of  the 
island  Java.     P.  460,000. 

Remedios,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  New 
Granada,  dep.  Cundinamarca,  83  m.  N.E. 

Antioquia. II.  a  small  town  of  Cuba, 

a  fort  &  cape  of  Central  America,  have 
the  same  name. 

Eemich,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  II 
m.  S.E.  Luxembourg,  on  the  Moselle. 
P.  1,850. 

Remigoly,  a  market  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  75  m.  N.W.  Vilna.     P.  1,500. 

Remire,  an  island  group  of  French. 
Guiana,  4  m.  E.  from  Cayenne. 

Remiremont,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Vosges,  cap.  arrond.,  on  1.  b., 
of  the  Moselle,  13  m.  S.E.  Epinal.  P. 
4,623. 

Remlingen,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  11  m. 
W.  Wurtzburg,  with  two  noble  residen- 
ces.   P.  1,088. 

Remo  (San),  amarit.  vill.  of  N.  Italy, 
cap.  prov.,  on  the  Mediterranean,  14  m. 
S.W.  Oneglia.     P.  with  comm.  9,854. 

Remoulins,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Gard,  on  the  Gard,  12  m. 
N.E.  Nimes.    P.  1,370.      ^ 

Remscheid,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 18  m.  E.S.B.  Diisseldorf.     P.  11,902. 

Remsen,  n-t;  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
1,638. 

Remy  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Bouches-du-Rhfme,  13  m.  N.E. 
Aries,    p.  3,123. 11.  a  comm.  &  town. 


646 


CYCLOI'.CDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[res 


dep.Puy-de-Dome,cap.  cant.,  25  m.E.N.E. 
Clermont-Ferrand.     P.  4,030. 

Renac  &  Renage,  two  comms.  &  villa. 

of   France. I.   dep.    Ille-et-Vilaine, 

arrond.  &  7  m.  N.E.  Redon,  with   1,358 

inhabs. II.  dep.    Is^re,   arrond.  &    14 

m.  N.N.E.  St.  Marcellin.  P.  1,494.— ige- 
naison  is  a  comm.  &  market  town,  dep. 
Loire,  7  m.  W.  Roanne.     P.  1,973. 

Renaix,    a    town   of   Belgium,    cap. 
cant.,  21  m.  S.S.W.  Ghent.    P.  12,590. 
'    Renan    (St.),  a    comm.   &    town    of 
France,  dep.  Finistere,  6  m.  N.W.  Brest. 
P.  1,027. 

Renchen,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the 
Rench,  9  m.  N.N.E.  Offenburg.  P.  2,573. 
On  28th  June,  1796,  Moreau  here  de- 
feated the  Austrians,  &  entered  Swabia. 

Rende,  a  town  of  Naples,  cap.  cant., 
6  m.  N.W.  Cosenza.  P.  3,800.— Rendi- 
nari  is  a  vill.,  14  m.  S.  Avezzano. 

Rendezvous  Island  is  off  the  S.W. 
coast  of  Borneo,  N.W.  Point  Sambar. 

Rendsburg,  a  strongly  fortified  town 
of  Denmark,  prov.  Holsteiu,  cap.  cant.,  on 
an  island  in  the  Eyder,  18  m.  W.  Kiel. 
P.  10,400.  It  has  extensive  fortifications, 
&  is  divided  into  an  old  &  a  new  town, 
well  &  regularly  built. 

Renfrew,  a  cap.  co,,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Clyde,  3  m.  N.E.  Paisley,  &  5  m.  W  N.W. 
Glasgow.     P.  2,942. 

Renfrewshire,  a  small  maritime  co. 
of  Scotland,  having  N.  &  W.  the  river 
&  firth  of  Clyde.  Area,  227  sq.  m.  P. 
-,  :..-.  Surface  mostly  flat,  except  in  the 
W.,  where  there  is  a  large  extent  of  hill 
&  moor.  In  the  12th  century,  this  co. 
was  the  seat  of  the  Stewart  or  Stuart 
family,  so  called  from  their  ofiBce  of  stew- 
ards of  Scotland,  &  afterwards  possessors 
of  the  crown. 

Reni,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  106  m. 
S.S.W.  Kishenau.     P.  6,000. 

Reningf.lst,  &   Reninghe,  two  mkt. 

towns   of  Belgium,  AV.   Flanders. 1. 

6  m.  S.W. II.  8  m.  N.W.,  Ypres.— 

Renkum  is  a  vill.,  Netherlands,  7  m.  W. 
Amhem. 

'     Rennel  Island,  Pacific  ocean,  S.  the 
Solomon  isls. 

Rennes,  a  city  of  France,  cap.  dep. 
Ille-et-Vilaine,  186  m.  W.S.W.  Paris,  on 
the  Vilaine  &  on  the  Ille,  which  joins  it 
in  the  vicinity.  P.  28,987.  It  consists  of 
an  upper  &  a  lower  town ;  the  former 
destroyed  by  fire  in  1720,  is  rebuilt  on  a 
regular  plan.  Du  Guesclin,  Sainte  Foix, 
Ginguene,  &  Lanjuinais  were  born  here. 
The  duke  of  Lancaster  besieged  it  unsuc- 
cessfully in  1357.  Henri  II.  held  a  par- 
liament here  in  1555. 


Reno,  a  river  of  Italy,  in  the  N.  part 
of  the  Pontif  sta.,  after  a  N.  course  of 
about  75  miles,  joins  the  Po-di-Primaro. 
It  is  navig.  only  for  about  25  miles  in 
winter. 

Rensselaer,  E.  co.  N.  Y.  Area,  626 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Troy.     P.  73,363. 

Rensselaerville,  p-t,  Albany  co. 
N.  Y.     P.  3,629. 

Renton,  two  vills.  of  Scotland. 1. 

CO.  &  2  m.  N.  Dumbarton.    P.  2,472. 

II.  CO.  Berwick,  on  the  Eye. 

Renty  &  Renwez,  two  comms.  &  mkt. 
towns  of  France. 1,  dep.  Pas-de- Ca- 
lais, 12  m.  S.S.W.  St.  Omer,  &  where  Hen. 

II.  defeated  the  Spaniards  in  1554. 

II.  dep.  Ardennes,  cap.  cant.,  7  m.  N.W. 
Mezieres.     P.  1,650. 

Reole  (La),  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gironde,  30  m.  S.E.  Bordeaux. 

Repki,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  26  m. 
N.N.W.  Tchernigov.     P.  2,000. 

Reppen,  a  town  of  Prussia,  12  m.  E. 
Frankfurt.     P.  3,200. 

Reps,  a  market  town  of  Transylvania, 
on  the  Rossbach,  19  m.  S.S.W.  Udvar- 
hely.     P.  2,200. 

Republican,  a  township  of  Indiana. 

P.  1,548. — Republican  Fork  is  a  river  of 

U.  S.,  joins  other  streams,  to  form  the 

Kansas,  after  an  E.  course  of  400  m. 

Repulse  Bay,  British  N.  America,  la 

on  the  S.  side  of  Melville  peninsula. 

II.  E.  Australia,  lat.  20°  36'  S.,  Ion. 
148°  40'  E.  At  its  mouth  are  Repulse 
islands. 

Requbna,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the  Oli- 
ana,  64  m.  S.E.  Cuenja.     P.  11,020. 

Requista,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aveyron,  21  miles  S.  Rhodez.  P. 
4,185. 

Reserve,  t.,  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
1,443. 

Reshitza,  or  Rejitza,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sian Poland,  43  m.  N.W.  Vitebsk.  P. 
1,770. 

Resht,  a  town  of  Persia,  cap.  prov. 
Ghilan,  between  two  small  rivers,  16  m. 
S.E.  its  port  Enzellii  on  the  Caspian  sea. 
Though  in  a  very  unhealthy  .situation, 
it  is  stated  to  be  well  built,  flourishing,  & 
peopled  by  at  least  50,000  persons.  It 
imports  large  quantities  of  Russian  man- 
ufactured goods. — Reshtabad  is  a  vill.  on 
the  Sefid-rood,  15  m.  E.-ward. 

Resina,  a  mkt.  town  of  Naples,  6  m. 
S.E.  Naples.  P.  8,900.  It  is  situated  at 
the  W.  foot  of  Mt.  Vesuvius,  &  built 
over  the  ruins  of  Herculaneum. 

Resinar,  orRossiNAB,  a  vill.  of  Tran- 
sylvania, 8  m.  S.W.  Hermanristadt.  P. 
6,056. 


rky] 


UNIVEKSAL    GAZETTKKR. 


64Y 


Resolution  Island,  Biit.  N.  Amer., 
is  at  the  entrance  of  Hudson  strait.  L. 
&  br.  40  m.  each.     On  its  E.  side  is  Cape 

Resolution. 11.  an  isl ,  Pacific  ocean, 

Dangerous  archipelngo. — Resolution  bay 
is  on  the  W.  side  of  Santa  Christina,  Mar- 
quesas islands ;  &  JPort  Resolution,  in 
Tanna  island,  New  Hebrides. 

Ressant,  a  vill.  of  Morocco,  E.  Mt. 
Atlas,  &  in  the  vicinity  of  the  town  Ta- 
filet. 

Ressons  (sur  Mats),  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Oise,  9  m.  N.N.W.  Com- 
peigne.  P.  1,014. —  Restigny  is  a  vill., 
dep.  Indre-et-Loire,  7  m.  N.  Chinon.  P. 
1,979. 

Restoration  Island,  Pacific  ocean, 
ofif  the  E.  coast  of  Australia,  is  a  granitic 
rock,  first  visited  by  Captain  Bligh  in  the 
Bounty  in  1789. 

Resultana,  a  mkt.  town  of  Sicily,  14 
m.  N.  Caltaniselta.     P.  2,500. 

Retford  (Bast),  a  market  town  of 
Engl.,  CO.  Notts,  on  the  Idle,  18  m.  N.N.W. 
Newark. 

Rethel,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ardennes,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Aisne,  23 
m.  S.W.  Mezieres.     P.  5,707. 

Rethy,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  7  m.  S.E. 
Turnhout.     P.  2,300. 

Retimo,  a  seaport  town  of  Crete,  on 
its  N.  coast,  38  m.  W.  Candia.     P.  3,000. 

Retournac,  a  mkt.  t.  of  France,  dep. 
H.  Loire,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Loire.  P.  3,772. 

Retschitza,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  & 
158  miles  SB.  Minsk,  cap.  circ,  on  the 
Dnieper.     P.  2,500. 

Retz,  an  old  dist.  of  France,  in  Brit- 
tany. 

Retz,  a  walled  town  of  Low.  Austria, 
43  m.  N.E,  Vienna.     P.  2,777. 

Reugny,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Indre-et-Loire,  10  m.  N.E.  Tours. 
P.  1,217. 

Recjilly,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Indro,  arrond.  &  10  m.  N.E.  Issou- 
dun,  on  railway  to  Bourges.     P.  2,201. 

Reulmare,  a  vill.  of  Transylvania, 
on  a  small  river,  12  m.  N.N.W.  Abrud- 
banya.     P.  3,000. 

Reunion  (ile  de  la),  a  name  given 
to  the  island  Bourbon  in  1793,  &  resumed 
since  the  French  revolution  of  1848. 

Reus,  a  manuf.  town  of  Spain,  9  m. 
W.  Tarragona.  P.  25,043.  It  consists 
of  an  older  portion  founded  in  the  12th 
century,  &  a  new  &  regularly  built  quar- 
ter  which  rose  up  about  the  end  of  the 
last  century. 

Reusch  (Alt  &  Neu),  two  contiguous 
mkt.  towns  of  Moravia,  15  &  18  m.  S. 
Iglau.     United  p.  1,510, 


Reuss,  two  principalities  of  Central 
Germany,  enclosed  by  Bavaria,  Saxony, 
Prussia,  &  the  Saxon  duchies  Coburg, 
Gotha,  &  Weimar.  United  area,  592  sq. 
m.     P.  112,175,  nearly  all  Lutherans. 

Reuss,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  rises  on 
the  S.  side  of  Mount  St.  Gothard,  &  en- 
ters the  S.  extremity  of  the  lake  of  Lu- 
cerne.    L.  30  m. 

Reutigen,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  4  m. 
S.  Thun.     P.  1,200. 

Reutlingen,  a  fortified  town  of  WUr- 
temberg,  20  m.  S.  Stuttgart.     P.  11,131. 

Revel,  a  strongly  fortified  seaport 
town  of  Russia,  gov.  Esthonia,  on  a  small 
bay  on  the  S.  side  of  the  gulf  of  Finland, 
200  m.  W.S.W.  St.  Petersburg.  P.  18,000. 
The  city  proper,  enclosed  by  ancient 
bastioned  walls,  &  defended  by  a  strong 
castle,  on  a  height,  is  irregularly  built  & 
small ;  but  the  suburbs  extend  for  some 
distance  along  the  shore.  The  town  & 
castle  were,  founded  bj'  Valdemar  II., 
king  of  Denmark,  in  1218,  &  afterwards 
sold  to  the  Teutonic  knights.  The  Rus- 
sians took  it  from  the  Swedes  in  1710. 

Revel,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.Garonne,  29  m.  B.S.E.  Toulouse. 
P.  3,299. 

Revello,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Pied- 
mont, 20  m.  N.N.AV.  Coni,  near  the  head 
of  the  Po.     P.  of  comm.  5,219. 

Revere,  a  mkt.  town  of  Lombardy, 
17  m.  E.S.E.  Mantua,  on  the  Po. 

Revigny,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Meuse,  9  m.  W.N.W.  Bar- 
le-Duc.     P.  1,140. 

Revilla-gigedo,  an  island  of  Russian 

America.     L.  50  m.,  br.  25  m. II.  a 

rocky  island-group.  Pacific  0.,  260  m.  S. 
California. 

Reville,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Manche,  13  m.  N.E.  Valognes.  P. 
1,900. 

Revin,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ardennes,  on  the  Meuse,  6  m.  E. 
Rocroy.     P.  2,493. 

Rewah,  a  state  of  Hindostan,  com- 
prising a  part  of  Bogilcund,  enclosed  by 
the  territory  of  the  Bengal  presid.,  to 
which  it  is  subsidiary.  Area,  10,310  sq. 
m.  Principal  towns,  Rewah  &  Bandoo- 
goor. — Rewah,  the  cap.,  is  70  m.  S.W. 
Allahabad,  with  a  large  stone  fort,  &  ex- 
tensive suburbs. 

Rewahy,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  47  m.  S.W.  Delhi. 

Reyden,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  20  m. 
N.W.  Lucerne,  on  the  Wigger.     P.  1,500. 

Reyes  (Los),  two  towns  of  S.  Amer. 

1.  New  Granada,  100  m.  S.E.  Santa 

Martha.     Near  it  are  silver,  lead,  &  cop- 


648 


CYCLOPEDIA  OF  GEOGRAPHY. 


[rho 


per  mines. II.  (San  Sebastian  de  los), 

Venezuela,  50  m.  S.S.W.  Caracas. 
Reynolds,  co.  Mo.     P.  1,849. 
Reynoldsburg,  p-v.,  cap.  Humphreys 
CO.  Tenn.     P.  250. 

Reynosa,  a  mntn.  range  of  Spain,  ex- 
tends from  the  Cautabrian  mnts.  to  near 

Burgos. II,  a  town,   prov.  &   36  m. 

S.S.W.  Santander.     P.  1,541. 

Rezat,  two  small  streams  of  Bavaria, 
affls.  of  the  Rednitz. 

Reze,  a  comm.  &  mktr  town  of  France, 
dep.  Loire  Inf.,  1  m.  S.W,  Nantes.  P. 
5,277. 

Rezende,  a  town  of  Brazil,  92  miles 
W.N.W.  Rio  de  Janeiro.     P.  5,000. 

Rhages,  a  ruined  city  of  Persia,  the 
remains  of  which  are  a  little  S.  Teheran. 
Rhea,  S.E.  co.  Tenn.     Area,  440  sq. 
m.     Cap.  Washington.     P.  4,415. 

Rheda,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westpha- 
lia, 40  m.  S.W.  Minden.     P.  2,320. 
Rheede,  &  Rheenen,  two  vills.  of  the 

Netherlands. 1.  6  m.  E.N.E.  Arnhem. 

II.  on  the  Rhine,  15  miles  W.  Arn- 
hem. 

Rheidt,  a  town  of  Rhenish  JPrussia, 
10  m.  S.S.E.  Cologne.     P.  1,420. 

Rhein,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  51  m. 
S.S.W.  Gumbinnen,  on  Lake  Rhein.  P. 
1,370. 

Rheinau,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  on  a 
peninsula  formed  by  the  Rhine,  4  m.  S. 
SchaufFhausen,  on  an  isl. 

Rheinbach,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
21  m.  S.  Cologne.     P.  1,700. 

Rheinberg,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
24  m.  N.N.W.  Diisseldorf,  on  the  Rhine. 
P.  2,400. 

Rheine,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia, 
23  m.  N.N.W.  Miinster.  on  the  Ems.  P. 
2,400. 

Rheineck,  a  small  town  of  Switzerl., 
cant.  St.  Gall,  on  the  Rhine,  near  its 
entrance  into  the  lake  of  Constance.  P. 
1,400. 

Rheinfelden,  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
10  m.  E.  Basle,  on  the  Rhine.  P.  1,400. 
— The  Rheinfels  is  a  ruined  fortress  of 
Rhenish  Prussia,  on  an  isl.  in  the  Rhine. 
Rheingau,  a  valley  in  the  S.  of  Nas- 
sau, between  the  Rhine  &  Mount  Taunus, 
chief  town  Elfeld. 

Rheinmagen,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 23  m.  N.W.  Coblenz,  on  the  Rhine. 
P.  1,500^ 

Rheinsberg,  a  town  of  Prussia,  48  m. 
N.  Potsdam,  on  Lake  Rhin.     P.  2,168. 

Rheinzabern,  a  mkt.  town  of  Rhenish 
Bavaria,  on  the  Erlbaeh,  9  m.  S.E.  Lan- 
dau.   P.  1,985. 
^HENEN,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 


on  1.  b.  (>f  the  Rhine,  9  m.  E.  Wyk-by- 
Duurstede.     P.  3,044. 

Rhin,  a  river  of  Prussia,  joins  the 
Havel,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  60  m. 

Rhin  (Haut,  or  Upper  Rhine),  a 
frontier  dep.  of  France,  in  the  N.E. 
Area,  1,502  sq.  m.  One  third  of  the  sur- 
face is  covered  with  forests.  P.  494,197. 
— £as  Bhin  (Lower  Bhine),  is  a  dep., 
contiguous  to  the  former,  on  the  N.  Area, 
1,635  sq.  m.  It  is  situated  between  the 
Vosges  mntns.  on  the  W.  &  the  Rhine  on 
the  E.,  which  separates  it  from  Baden. 
P.  587,434. 

Rhinau,  a  comm.  &  vill.  France,  dep. 
B.  Rhin,  13  m.  N.E.  Schekstadt.  P.  1,438. 
Rhine,  an  important  &  celebrated  riv. 
of  Europe,  is  formed  in  Switzerland  by 
the  union  of  two  small  streams,  the 
Hinf.er  &  Vorder  Rhein.  The  united 
stream  flows  generally  N.,  &  enters  the 
lake  of  Constance  on  the  S.E.  near 
Rheineck;  at  Stein  it  quits  the  lake  at 
its  W.  extremity,  flows  W.,  separating 
Switzerland  from  Bavaiia.  At  Basle, 
where  the  Upper  Rhine  terminates  with 
an  elev.  of  755  ft.,  &  a  br-eadth  of  550  ft., 
it  turns  to  the  N.  At  Mayence  it  re- 
ceives the  Main,  &  flows  W.  to  Bingen, 
where  it  turns  to  the  N.W.,  when  its 
course  is  again  westerly,  till  entering  the 
Netherlands  it  reaches  the  N.  sea  by 
several  branches,  having  a  delta  larger 
than  that  of  any  other  European  river. 
From  Chur  to  Basle,  the  Rhine  is  only 
partially  navig.,  on  account  of  the  rapid- 
ity of  ils, current,  the  numerous  rocks 
which  impede  it,  &  its  waterfalls,  the 
greatest  of  which  is  at  Laufen  near 
Sohaffhausen,  where  it  falls  80  ft.  From 
Basle  to  the  sea,  the  navig.  for  steamers 
&  large  barges  is  continuous.  The  direct 
distance  of  the  Rhine  from  its  source  to 
its  mouth  is  360  m.  ;  following  its  wind- 
ings it  is  about  600  m.,  &  its  basin  com- 
prises an  area  of  65,280  sq.  m. 

Rhine  (Lower  &  Upper),  2  old  circs, 
of  Gerii:any. 

Rhinebeck,  p-t.,  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  2,816. 

Rhinns,  a  peninsula  of  the  S.W.  coast 
of  Scotland,  co.  Wigtown.  L.  N.N.W.  to 
S.S.E.  28  m.  ;  br.  varies  from  2  to  5  m. 
Area,  116  sq.  m. 

Rhio,  a  town  &  Dutch  settlement  in 
the  Malay  archipelago,  on  S.W.  coast  of 
the  isl.  Bintang. 

Rho,  a  market  town  of  Austrian  Italy, 
8  m.  W.N.W.  Milan.     P.  2,000. 

Rhoda,  an  isl.  of  Egypt,  in  the  Nile, 
immed.  opposite  Cairo,  2  m.  in  length. 
It  contains  the  pacha's  gardens. 


ria] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


H% 


Rhode  Island,  the  smallest  of  the 
U.  S.,  in  the'N.  part  of  the  Union,  betw. 
lat.  41°  18'  &  42°  r  N.,  &  Ion.  71°  6'&  71° 
55'  W.,  having  S.  the  Atlantic,  W.  Con- 
necticut, &  on  other  sides  Massachusetts. 
Area,  1,360  sq.  m.  P.  in  1840,  108,830 ; 
in  1850,  147,654.  It  derives  its  name 
fi-om  Rhode  island  in  Narragansett  bay, 
17  m.  in  length  by  3  m.  in  -width,  besides 
which  it  comprises  some  other  islands  in 
the'  Atlantic.  Surface  hilly  in  N.,  else- 
where level  or  undulating.  Principal 
riv.  the  Pawtucket.  Soil  better  adapted 
for  grazing  ihan  tilhigB.  Scarcely  suf- 
ficient corn  is  raised  for  home  consump- 
tion. Principal  exports  are  flax-seed^, 
cattle,  beef,  pork,  &  cotton  goods. 
Manufs.  of  cottons,  woollens,  iron  goods, 
leather,  &  paper,  are  important.  Total 
length  of  railways  50  m.  Value  of  im- 
ports, $258,303;  of  exports,  $216,265. 
Pub.  rev.,  $78,200.  There  is  no  public 
debt.  Until  lately,  it  was  governed  by 
an  anc.  royal  charter,  but  a  constitution 
was  formed  in  1842.  It  sends  2  repre- 
sentatives'to  Coiigress.  Principal  towns 
Providence  &  Newport  (alternately  the 
caps.),  Bristol,  Warwick,  &  Coventry. 

RpoDEN,  a  town  of  Central  Germany, 
24  ra.  W.N.W.  Cassel.     P.  1,839. 

Rhodes,  an  island  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
in  the  Mediterranean,  off  the  S.W.  const 
of  Asia-Minor.  L.  46  ni. ;  gr.  br.  18  m. 
Area,  420  sq.  m.  P.  30,000,  of  whom 
about  8,000  are  Turks,  3,000  Jews,  &  the 
remainder  Greeks,  with  a  few  Franks. 
It  is  traversed  by  a  mntn.  cimin,  covered 
with  forests,   which  have  long  supplied 

good  timber  for  ship-building. II.  a 

strongly  fortified  city  &  seaport  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  cap.  of  the  island  Rhodes,  at  its 
N.E.  extremity,  13  m.  S.E.  the  nearest 
promontory  of  Asia-Minor.  P.  15,000, 
of  whom  8,000  are  Turks,  &  3,000  Jews. 
It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  built  by  the 
knights  of  St.  John,  &  on  the  land  side 
it  is  strengthened  by  ravelins  &  a  moat. 
On  the  iST.E.  side  two  piers  project  to 
enclose  a  harbor,  having  iih  its  centre 
from  16  to  18  feet  water,  &  on  its  N.  side 
is  another  port  of  nearly  equal  depth. 
The  city  has  9  large  &  24  small  mosques, 
a  Jews'  quarter,  &  several  synagogues, 
the  ancient  hospital  of  the  knights,  now 
used  as  a  barrack,  an  armory,  &  upwards 
of  10,000  houses,  many  of  which  are  un- 
tenanted. S.  of  the  city  are  the  Greek 
suturbs,  with  about  3,000  inhabs.,  &  9  or 
10  churches.  On  the  adjacent  heights 
are  many  scattered  villas.  Rhodes  has 
three  Mohammedan  colleges,  a  Turkish 
library  of  1,000  vols.,  various  Turkish  & 
28 


Greek  schools,  &  some  brisk  manufs.  of 
red  leather,  &  shoes  for  exportation.  In 
antiquity  it  was  one  of  the  most  celebrated 
of  Greek  cities,  &  it  boasted  of  the  famous 
brazen  Colossus — one  of  the  seven  won- 
ders of  the  world — which  stood  at  the 
entrance  of  its  harbor.  After  the  destruc- 
tion of  its  republic,  it  belonged  succes- 
sively to  the  Romans,  the  Greek  emperors, 
the  Genoese,  &  the  knights  of  St.  John 
of  Jerusalem ;  which  last  held  it  from 
1308  to  1522,  when  after  a  heroic  resist- 
ance, it  capitulated  to  the  Turks,  under 
Solyman  the  Magnificent. 

Rhodes  (Inner  &  Outer),  2  divisions 
of  the  Swiss  cant.  Appenzell. 

Rhoe,  one  of  the  Shetland  islands, 
Scotland,  near  the  head  of  St.  Magnus 
bay.  p.  214. — Little  Rhoe  is  an  islet  in 
its  vicinity. 

Rhone,  a  dep.  of  France,  in  the  S.E., 
formed  by  the  old  prov.  Lyonnais,  cap. 
Lyon,  bounded  B.  by  the  Rliune  &  SaOne. 
Area,  1,047  sq.  m.  P.  574,745.  It_  is 
partly  covered  by  the  mountains  which 
unite  the  Vosges  &  the  Cevennes.  Soil 
rich  in  mines  of  copper,  iron,  &  coal.  It 
pT<iduces  excellent  wine. 

Rhone,  an  important  river  of  Europe, 
rises  in  Switzerland,  in  the  Rhone 'Gla- 
cier, &  enters  the  lake  of  Geneva  near 
its  S.E.  extremity.  At  Geneva,  it  leaves 
the  S.W.  part  of  the  lake.  It  enters 
France,  through  the  Jura  mountains,  & 
flows  S.  past  Seyssel,  where  it  becomes 
navigable,  its  course  is  now  tortuously 
W.  to  Lyon,  forming  a  delta  called  the 
He  de  la  Camargue,  &  eaters  the  gulf  of 
Lyon,  Mediterranean.  Its  fall  is  much 
greater  than  that  of  the  Rhine,  &  conse- 
quently its  nav.  is  difficult  &  dangerous. 
Distance  from  source  to  mouth  285  m., 
following  windings  645  ra., -extent  of  ba- 
sin 30,000  sq.  m.  The  Rhone  formerly 
disappeared  at  a  place  called  the  Perte 
du  Rhone,  on  the  frontier  of  France,  bub 
the  rods  which  covered  it  has  been  re- 
moved, 

Rhon-gebirge,  a  mountain  chain  of 
Central  Germany,  separates  the  basins 
of  the  rivers  Fulda  &  Werra  from  those 
of  the  Kihzig  &  Main. 

Rhotas,  a  town  of  Bi-itish  India,  pre- 
sid.  Bengal,  110  m.  S.E.  Patna. 

Rhyndacus,  a  river  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia,  after  having  traversed  the 
Lake  Abullionte,  on  its  W.  side,  enters 
the  sea  of  Marmora.  Total  course  about 
150  m.- 

EiAiLLE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Loire  Inf ,  cap.  cant.,  24  m.  KB. 
Nantes.    P.  1,892. 


650 


CVCLOP^DIA    OF    GEOGEAPHY. 


[ric 


KiAJSK,  a  town  of  Russia,  52  m.  S.S.E. 
Riazan,  cap.  dist.,  on  the  Rasa.  P.  3,000. 

RiANS,  acomm.  &  mkt.  town  of  France, 
dep.  Var,  20  m.  N.W.  Brignolle.  P.2,65&. 

RiARDO,  a  market  town  of  Naples, 
on  a  hill,  11  m.  N.N.W.  Capua.  P.  1,800. 

RiATOvo,  a  market  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  50  miles  W.N.W.  Rossiena.  P. 
1,530. 

RiAUJO,  a  mkt.  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Coruna.  on  the  bay  of  Arosa,  27  m.  S.W. 
Santiago.     P.  1,790. 

RiAZA,  a  town  of  Spain,  33  m.  B.N.E. 
Segovia,  on  the  small  river  Riaza.  P. 
3,736. 

RiAZAN,  a  gov.  of  Russia,  enclosed  by 
the  govs.  Moscow,  Vladimir,  Tambov,  & 
Tula.  Area,  16,227  sq.  m.  P.  1,365,90.0. 
Surface  generally  level.  Principal  riv., 
the  Oka. — Riazan,  the  cap ,  is  situated 
on  the  Trubesh,  a  tributary  of  the  Oka, 
110  m.  S.E.  Moscow.  P.  9,000.  It  has 
greatly  increased  in  size  &  importance 
within  the  last  50  yeavs. —  Old  Riazan, 
destroyed  by  the  Tartars  in  1568,  is  a  v. 
about  30  m.  S.E. -ward. 

RiBADAViA,  a  town  of  Spain,  12  miles 
S.W.  Orense,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Avia.  P. 
2,211. —  Ribadeo  is  a  town  in  the  prov.  & 
19  m.  N.N.E.  Lugo,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Eo,  in  the  bay  of  Biscay.     P.  2,789. 

RiBBLE,  a  river  of  England,  flows  S.  & 
W.,  &  joins  the  Irish  sea. 

RiBE,  or  Ripen,  a  town  of  Denmark, 
N.  Jutland,  near  the  N.  sea,  29  miles 
"W.lSr.W.  Hadersleben.     P.  2,600. 

RiBEAuviLLE,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
Prance,  dep.  H.  Rhin.     P.  6,525. 

RiBEiRA  Grande,  a  town  on  the  E. 
coast  of  the  Island,  St.  Michael,  Azores, 
15  m.  N.E.  Ponte  Delgada.     P.  3,000. 

RiBEMONT,  a  comin.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aisne,  cap.  cant.,  near  the  Oise,  17 
m.  N.N.W.  Laon.     P.  2,430. 

RiBERA,  a  town  of  Sicily,  22  m.  "W.F.W. 
Girgenti.     P.  4,800. 

RiBERAc,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Dordogne,  near  1.  b.  of  the  Dronne, 
18  m.  W.N.W.  Perigueux.     P.  1,416. 

RiBiERES,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  B.  Alpes,  cap.  cant.,  on  the 
Buech,  26  m.  S.S.W.  Gap.     P.  1,397. 

RiBLEH,  a  vill.  of  Syria,  pash.  Damas- 
cus, on  the  Orontes,  S.S.W.  Homs. 

RiBNiTZ,  a  town  of  N.  Germnny,  Meck- 
lenburg-Sehwerin,  34  m.  N.N.E.  Gustrow. 
P.  2,684. 

RicciA,  a  town  of  Naples,  cap.  cant:; 
13  m.  S.E.  Campobasso.     P.  5,800. 

Rice  Lake,  Upper  Canada,  dist.  New- 
castle, is  20  m.  in  length,  by  3  m.  in  av. 
breadth. 


RicEYs  (Les),  three  contiguous  comms. 
&  vills.  of  France,  forming  together  a 
town  in  the  dep.  Aube.     P.  3,519. 

Richardson's  River,  British  North 
America,  enters  Back's  inlet,  Arctic  0. 

RicHBOROUGH,  a  decayed  vill.  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Kent,  on  the  Stour. 

RicHE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Indre-et- Loire,  adjacent  to  Tours. 

RiCHE,  an  island.  Pacific  ocean,  off  the 
E.  end  of  Papua,  lat.  8°  2'  S.,  Ion.  147° 
57'  E. 

Richelieu,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Indre-et-Loire,  11  m.  S.S.E.  Chinon. 
P.  2,467.  It  was  formerly  important,  & 
is  the  birth-place  of  Card,  de  Richelieu. 

Richfield,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.     P. 

1,502. II.  t.,  Summit  co.  0.     P.  1,103. 

III.  t.,  Huron  eo.  0.     P.  1,599. 

Richland,  dist.  S.  C,  in  the  centre  of 
the  state.    Area,  550  sq.  m.     P.  20,243. 

Cap.  Columbia. II.  N.  co.  0.     Area, 

900  sq.  m.  Cap.  Mansfield.  P.  30,879. 
III.  CO.  Wis.  P.  903. IV.  t.,  Ve- 
nango CO.  Pa.      P.  1,385. V.  p-t.  & 

semi-cap.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.   P.  4,079. 

VI.  t,  Bucks  CO.  Pa.     P.  1,781. -VIL 

t.,  Cambria  co.  Pa.     P.  1,038. VIII. 

t.,  Belmont  co.  0.     P.  3,748. IX.  t., 

Clinton  co.  0.   P.  1,385. X.  t.,  Fairfield 

CO.  0.     P.  1,992. XI.  t.,  Guernsey  co. 

0.     P.  1,777.— —XII.  t.,  Holmes  co.  0. 

P.  1,092. XIII.  t.,  Washington  CO.  Ark. 

P.  353. XIV.  t..  Philips  CO.  Ark.     P. 

580. XV.  t.,  Jefferson   co.   Ark.     P. 

594. 

RicHLiEUj»or  Chabibly,  a  river  of  Lr. 
Canada,  dist.  Montreal,  leaves  Lake 
Champlain  at  its  N.  extremity,  &  after 
a  N.  course,  Ci^ti mated  at  75  m.,  enters 
the  river  St.  Lawrence. Richlieu  isl- 
ands are  in  Lake  St.  Pierre. 

Richmond,  S.  co.  N.  Y.,  area  63  sq.  m. 
composing  Staten  Island.  P.  15,061. — 
Richmond,  p-v.,  the  cap.  is  situated  in 

the  centre  of  the  island.     P.  250. II. 

CO.,  E.  Va.,  area  200  sq.  m.,  cap.  Rich- 
mond c.  H.   P.  6,448. III.  S.  eo.  N.  C, 

area  540  sq.  m.,   cap.  Rockingham.     P. 

9,818. IV.  E.  CO.  Ga.,  area  384  sq.  m., 

cap.  Augusta.    P.  16,246., — V.  t.,  Liaeola 

CO.    Me.      P.  1,604.^ VI.   t.,   Cheshire 

CO.  N.  H.  P.  1,165. VII.  t.,  Chitten- 
den CO.  Vt.  P.  1,054.: VIII.  t.,  Berk- 
shire  CO.    Mass.      P.    1,097. IX.    t., 

Washington  co.  R.  I.     P.   1,361. X. 

Ontario  co.  N.  Y.     P.    1,852. XI.  a 

town,  Eng.,  co.  York,  N.  Riding,  on  the 
Swale.  P.  4,300.  It  is  picturesquely 
situated  on  a  bold  eminence,  &  half- 
encircled  by  the  Swale. — — XII-  a  town 
of  England,  Xso-  Surrey,  on  the  rt.  b.  of 


rig] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


651 


the  Thames,,  10  m.  "W.S.W.  St.  Paul's, 
London.  Much  of  the  town  is  inferiorly 
&  irregularly  built ;  but  on  the  sides 
&  summit  of  a  ridge  facing  the  river 
are  many  handsome  villas,  &  several 
superior  hotels,  resorted  to  in  summer  by 
numerous  visitors  from  the  metropolis. 
XIII.  a  dist.  of  Tasmania  (Van  Die- 
men's  Land),  separated  W.  from  the  dists. 
New  Norfolk  &  Hobart  Town  by  the 
Derwent  river  &  estuary.  Area,  1,050 
sq.  m.  Surface  mostly  mountainous. — 
Richmond,  its  principal  settlement,  is  on 

the  Coal  river,  11m.  N.E.Hobarton 

XIV.  river,  E.  Australia,  enters  the  Pa- 
cific 0.,  about  60  m.  S.  Moreton  bay,  &  is 
navig.  for  small  vessels  for  70  m.  from  its 

mouth. XV.  city,  port  of  entry  &  cap. 

state  Virginia,  is  in  Henrico  co.  on  James 
river,  at  its  lower  falls,  150  m.  above  its 
mouth,  opposite  Manchester,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  two  bridged,  &'  on  the 
Richmond  &  Aquia  Creek  &  the  Peters- 
burg railway.  Lat.  37°  32'  N.,  &  Ion. 
77°  23'  W.  P.  27,483.  Its  situation  is 
highly  picturesque  &  healthy ;  streets 
widfr,  &  houses  mostly  of  brick,  with 
slated  roofs.  Principal  edifices,  numerous 
large  &  elegant  churches,  a  college,  the 
capitol,  in  a  spacious  square,  with  a  sta- 
tue of  Washington ;  the  government 
house,  CO.  court  house,  state  penitentiary, 
city  jail,  Virginian  armory,  a  large  alms- 
house, an  orphan  asylum,  a  theatre,  mu- 
seum, masonic  hall,  various  schools,  some 
public  libraries,  &o.  Vessels  drawing  10 
feet  water  come  up  to  Rookats,  1  m.  be- 
low the  city ;  &  the  river  above,  by  the 
aid  of  a  canal,  is  navigable  for  boats  for 
220  m.  It  has  extensive  manufs.  of  ma- 
chinery, cotton  stuiFs,  tobacco,  &  paper; 
various  forges,  a  cannon  foundry,  &  corn 
and  saw  mills.  Its  commerce  is  consider- 
able, it  being  the  natural  depot  of  a  con- 
siderable extent  of  country.  Principal 
exports,  wheat,  flour,  hemp,  tobacco,  & 
other   agricultural   products.      Tonnage, 

6,835  14. XVI.  t.,  Berks  co.  Pa.     P. 

1,997. XVII.  p-v.,  cap.  Madibon  co. 

Ky.     P.  900. XVIII.  p-v.,  cap.  Ray 

CO.  Mo.     P.  500. 

RreHMOND  City,  p-v..  Lake  co.  0. 

RxcHTENBERG,  a  town  of  Prussia,  12 
m.S.W.Stralsund,  onasm.  lake.  P.  1,379. 

RicnTENSwEiL,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland, 
13  m.  S.E.  Ziirich,  on  the  S.  shore  of  its 
lake.     P.  3,080. 

RicKMANswoRTH,  a  mkt.  town  of 
England,  co.  Herts,  10  m.  S.W.  St.  Al- 
bans. 

RicLA,  a  town  of  Spain,  15  m.  N.E. 
Calatayud.     P.  1,303. 


RiDDERKERK,  a  viII.  of  tho  Nether- 
lands, in  the  island  Ysselmond,  cap.  cant., 
6  m.  S.E.  Rotterdam.     P.  4,277. 

RiDEAu  River,  &  Canal,  Upper  Can- 
ada, connects  Kingston  on  Lake  Ontario 
with  the  Ottawa  river,  immediately  be- 
low Chaudiere  falls. 

Ridgebury,  p-t.,  Bradford  co.  Pa.  P. 
1,214. 

RiDGEFiELD,  t.,  Fairfield  co.  Conn.  P. 
2,237. 

RiDGEwAY,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.  N.  Y.    P. 

3,554. II.   t.,    Bradford  co.   Pa.     P. 

1,214. 

RiED,  a  mkt.  town  of  Upper  Austria., 
cap.  circ.  Inn,  25  m.  S.  Passau.   P.  2,600. 

RiEDLiNGEN,  a  town  of_  Wlirtemberg, 
on  the  Danube,  cap.  dist.,  28  m.  S.W. 
Ulm.     P.  1,779. 

RiEGEL,  a  mkt.  town  of  Baden,  on  the 
Elz,  &  on  the  Mannheim  &  Basle  rail- 
way, 11  m.  N.N.W.  Freiburg.     P.  1,841. 

RiEHEN,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  3  miles 
N.E.Basle.     P.  1,100. 

RiENECK.  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Sinn,  25  m.  N.N.W.  Wiirtzburg.  P. 
1,542. 

RiEsA,  a  town  of  Sasonj^,  on  the  Jahna, 
12  m.  N.W.  Meissen.     P.  2,267. 

RiESENBURG,  a  walled  town  of  W.  Prus- 
sia, 11  m.  E.  Marienwerdcr.     P.  3,100. 

RiESENGEBiRGE,  a  mntn.  range  sepa- 
rating Bohemia  from  Prussian  Silesia. 

RiEsi,  a  mkt.  town  of  Sicily,  14  miles 
S.  Caltauisetta.     P.  6,000, 

RiETBERG,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, 40  m.  S.S.W.  Minden,  on  the  Ems. 
P.  2,060. 

RiETCHKi,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  10 
ra.  N.N.E.  Vileika.     P.  1,800. 

RiETi,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.,  on  the  Velino,  42  m.  N.N.E.  Rome. 
P.  10,920. 

RiEUMEs,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.Garonne,  10  m.  W.S.W. 
Muret.     P.  1,801. 

RiEUPEYBOux,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Aveyron,  15  m.  W.S.W. 
Rodez.     P.  2,709. 

RiEux,    several   comms.   &   towns   of 

France. 1,  dep.  H.  Garonne,  cap.  cant., 

26  m.  S.S.W.  Toulouse.     P.  1,631. IL 

a  market  town,  dep.  Morbihan,  on  the 

Vilaine,  30  m.  &.  Vannes.    P.  2,794. 

III.  a  vill ,  dep.  Nord.     P.  1,888. 

RiEz,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
B.  Alpes,  20  m.  S.S.AV.  Digne.  P.  2,617. 
Under  the  Romans,  it  had  the  rank  of 
a  colony;  it  has  some  remains  of  an- 
tiquity, &  was  the  seat  of  councils  in  A.D..;f 
439  &  1285. 

Riga,    an  important  fortified  city,   & 


652 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[rid 


the  second  commercial  port  of  European 
Russia,  cap.  of  Livonia,  on  the  Diina, 
here  crossed  in  summer  by  a  temporary 
bridge  of  boats,  2,400  ft.  in  length,  about 
7  miles  from  its  mouth,  &  25  m.  N.E. 
Mitau.  P.  71,228.  The  town-proper  is 
enclosed,  except  on  the  river  side,  by  a 
double  line  of  fortifications,  &  has  narrow 
though  clean  streets  ;  the  suburbs  are 
more  regularly  laid  out,  but  built  chiefly 
of  wood.  Some  quays  stretch  for  1  mile 
along  the  river,  but  the  inner  harbor 
does  not  admit  vessels  drawing  more 
than  12  to  15  feet  water,  &  ships  of 
larger  burden  load  &  unload  at  Bolder- 
aa,  a  small  port  outside  of  the  bar,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Diina,  where  is  the  cus- 
tom-house,  II.  p-t.,  Monroe  CO.  N.  Y. 

P.  2,159. 

Ejghi  Culm,  a  mntn.  of  Switzerland,  8 
m.  W.  Schwytz,  betw  the  lakes  of  Zug 
&- Lucerne,  5,905  ft.  above  the  sea. 

RiGNAc,  a  comm  &  town  of  li'ranee, 
dep.  Aveyron,  14  m.  W.N.W.  Rodez.  P. 
1,666. 

RiGNANO,  several  vills.  of  Italy. ^ 1. 

Naples,    3  m.  S.  San   Marco  in    Lamia. 

P.  2,000. II.   Pontif.  sta.,    22  m    N. 

Rome. III.  Tuscany,    11    m.  E.S.B. 

Florence,  on  the  Arno.     P.  3,500. 

RiGNY  LE  Feron,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
'France,  dep.  Aube,  21  m.  W.S.W.  Troyes. 
^  P.  1,246. 

RiGOLATO,  a  market  town  of  Austrian 
Italy,  38  m.  N.N.W.  Vdm^.—Rigutino  is 
a  vill.  of  Tuscany,  S.E.  Arezzo. 

RiHURsi,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  90  m. 
N.N.E.  Lahore. 

RiJANovKA,  a  market  town  of  Russia, 
91  m.  S.  Kiev.     P.  1,600. 

RiLLE,  a  river  of  France,  &  'joins  the 
estuary  of  the  Seine  after  a  N.  course  of 
75  miles. 

RiLU,  a  small  town  of  the  E.  Punjab, 
108  m.  N.E.  Lahore. 

RiMAC,  a  river  of  N.  Peru,  enters  the 
Pacific  at  Callao,  4  m.  W.  Lima.  Total 
course  about  75  m. 

RiMCHANY,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  72  miles  N.N.E.  Vilna.  P. 
1,600. 

Rimini,  a  city  of  Cent.  Italy,  Pontif. 
'  sta.,  28  m.  E.S.E.  Foiii,  on  the  Marecchia, 
2  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Adriatic, 
&  at  the  junction  of  the  Flaminian  & 
iEmilian  ways.  P.  9,539,  but  including 
its  vicinity,  27,000.  It  is  enclose'd  by 
walls,  &  well  built.  It  has  sevl.  remains 
.,^,of  antiquity,  including  a  triumphal  arch, 
&  a  bridge  over  the  Marecchia,  both  built 
under  Augustus;  &  portions  of  an  amphi- 
theatre.     Its    port,   though  shallow,    is 


frequented  by  numerous  fishing  vessels, 
&  it  has  an  active  trade  in  fish,  manufs. 
of  silk,  glass,  &  earthenwares.  It  was 
the  seat  of  a  great  ecclesiastical  council 
in  A.D.  359. 

RiMiTARA,  an  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean, 
S.  the  Society  islands. 

RiMMON,  a  vill.  of  Palestine,  pash. 
Gaza,  on  a  steep  conical  height,  13  m. 
N.N.E.  Jerusalem.  —  The  Rimmon  of 
Zebulon  (modern  Rummaneh)  is  a  vill., 
pash.  Acre,  6  m.  N.  Nazarelh. 

RiMNiK,  two  towns  of  Wallachia. 

I.  on  the  Rimnik,  75  m.  N.E.  Bucharest, 
&  where  the  Austrians  <fc  Russians  under 
Suwarrow  defeated  the  Turks  in  1789. 
II.  on  the  Aluta,  100  m.  N.W.  Bu- 
charest, &  .48  m.  N.  Slatiua. 

RiMONT,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ariege,  on  a  height,  16  m.  W.  Foix. 
P.  2,246. 

RiNDGE,  t.,  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  P. 
1,161. 

RiNGKioBiNG,  a  seaport  town  of  Den- 
mark, on  the  W.  coast  of  Jutland,  56  m.  4 
N.W. Ribe.  F.\,200.—Ringkidbing-JioTd 
is  a  lagoon,  28  miles  in  length  N.  to  S., 
greatest  breadth  9  miles. 

RingsEnd,  a  suburb  of  Dublin,  Irel., 
Ih  m.  E.  Dublin  castle. 

RiNGSTED,  a  town  of  Denmark,  island 
Seelind,  amt.  Soroe,  36  m,  W.S.W.  Co- 
penhagen. P.  1,200.  It  is  very  ancient, 
&  was  of  considerable  importance  in  tho 
12th  &  13th  centuries. 

RiNGWOOD,  a  small  mkt.  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  &  -18  miles  W.S.W.  Southamp- 
ton. 

RiNKENis,  a  vill.  of  DeBmark,  duchy 
Schleswig,  on  the  N.  side  of  Flensburg- 
fiord,  9  m.  N.E.  Flensburg.     P.  1,200. 

RiNTELN,  a  fortified  town  of  H.  Cassel, 
on  the  Weser,  10  m.  S.E.  Minden.  P. 
3,161. 

RiOBAMBA  (NuEvo),  a  town  of  S.  Ame- 
rica, Ecuador,  84  m.  N.E.  Guayaquil,  & 
9  m.  from  the  ruins  of  Old  Riobamba. 

Rio  is  a  prefix  to  the  names  of  nume- 
rous towns  of  Brazil. 1.  {R.  Bonito), 

2.3  m.  E.N.E.  Rio-de-Janeiro.     P.  of  dist. 

8,000. IL  (R.  de   Contas),    a  small 

town,  prov.  &  230  m.  S.S.W.  Bahia,  near 
the  head  of  the  river  Contas,  which  flows 
E.  220  m-  to  the  Atlantic  ocean  ;  near  its 

mouth  is  the  vill.  of  Contas. III.  {R, 

Pardo),  a  town,  on  river  Pardo.  near  its 
junction  with  the  Jacuhi,  80  m.  AV.  Porto 
Alegre.     P.  of  dist.   10,445.— -IV.  {R. 
Vermelho).  a  market  town,  80  m.  E.N.E.     . 
Serro,  on  tho  Barreiro.     P.  4,000. 

Rio  Beanco,  or  Parima,  a  river  of 
Brazil,  rises  near  the  source  of  the  Ori- 


Rio] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


653 


noco,  runs  at  first  E.  to  its  junction 
with  the  Takutu,  &  thence  flows  mostly 
S.S.W.  to  the  llio  Negro,  which  it  joins  as 
its  principal  affluent  by  several  mouths, 
70  m.  S.E.  Barcellos.  Total  course  700 
miles.  In  lat.  1°  45'  N.  its  navig.  is  im- 
peded by  a  series  of  falls  &  rapids,  form- 
ed by  ledges  of  granite  rook. 

Rio  das  Mortes,  a  river  of  Brazil, 
joins  the  Araguay  :  course  N.  &,  E.  500 
miles. 

Rio-de-Janeiro,  the  metropolitan 
prov.  of  Brazil,  betw.  lat.  2P  23' &  23° 
20'  S.,  &  Ion.  40°  53°  &  44°  40'  W.,  having 
E.  &  S.  the  Atlantic.  Estim.  area.  16,- 
960  sq.  m.  P.  exclusive  of  the  cap.  430,- 
000,  of  whom  224,850  were  slaves.  Sur- 
face low  along  the  coast,  but  the  interior 
is  mostly  mntnous.  After  the  sap.  Rio, 
the  principal  towns  are  Villa-do-Cabo, 
.  Cantagallo,  St.  Joao-da-Praia,  &  Lo- 
rena. 

Rio-de-Janeiro,  the  cap.  of  the  em- 
pire of  Brazil,  &  of  the  prov.  Rio,  the 
most  important .  commercial  city  of  S. 
America,  is  situated  on  an  elevated 
tongue  of  land,  on  the  W.  side  of  a  vast 
bay.  Lat.  of  fort  Vilagagnan,  22°  54'  7" 
S.,  Ion.  43°  9'  W.  P.  170,000,  comprising 
Brazilians  60,000,  foreigns.  25,000,  slaves 
65,000.  Mean  temp,  of  year  73°. 7  ;  win- 
ter 68°  .5;  summer  79°,,  Fahr.  Its  port, 
which  is  large  &  deep,  is  defended  by  a 
castle.  Rio  consists  of  an  old  &  a  new 
town,  the  latter  of  which  dates  from  1808. 
Streets  generally  straight,  but  narrow 
and  ill-paved.  Many  of  the  houses  are 
built  of  granite,  &  it  has  some  hand- 
some squares  &  monuments.  Its  gen- 
eral aspect  is  that  of  an  European  city. 
The  city  is  supplied  with  water  by  means 
of  a  magnificent  aqueduct,  which  trav- 
erses a  deep  valley  7  m.  in  length,  & 
has  numerous  public  fountains.  The  en- 
virons of  Rio  are  celebrated  for  pictu- 
resque beauty,  &  are  provided  with 
excellent  promenades.  The  churches,  of 
which  there  are  upwards  of  50,  have  no 
external  elegance,  but  are  mostly  richly 
decorated  in  the  interior.  The  chief  pub- 
lic edifices  are  the  imperial  palace,  a 
plain  brick  building,  the  old  palace  on 
the  shore,  used  for  public  offices,  the  na- 
val &  military  arsenal  greatly  extend- 
ed in  1843,  &  a  vast  public  hospital. 
Its  educational  establishments  are  the 
imperial  college  of  Don  Pedro  II.,  the 
college  of  St.  juse,  schools  of  medicine  & 
surger}',  military  &  naval  academy,  & 
many  public  schools.  The  national  libra- 
ry has  30,000  printed  volumes  &  valua- 
ble MSS.    From  its  position,  Rio  is  natu- 


rally the  great  mart  of  Brazil,  &  espe- 
cially of  the  provs.  Minus  Geraes,  St.  Paul 
&  Goyaz,  &  its  advantages  are  such 
as  to  fit  it  for  concentrating  the  com- 
merce of  the  globe.  In  1851  the  foreign 
arrivals  were  1,210,  of  which  292  were 
American. —  Tlie  bay,  or  inlet  of  Rio,  17 
m.  in  length,  &  1 1  m.  in  extreme  width, 
forms  one  of  the  noblest  harbors  in  the 
world.  Its  entrance,  2  m.  S.  of  the  city, 
is  IJ  m.  wide  between- fort  Sta.  Cruz  on 
the  E.,  &  a  fort  on  the  sugar-loaf  rock 
on  the  W.  The  bay  contains  many  small 
isls.,  the  largest  of  which  is  Ilha  do  Gov- 
ernador,  6  m.  in  length. 

Rio  de  la  Pasion,  a  river  of  Central 
Amer.,  rises  in  the  Lake  Lacandon,  Brit- 
ish Honduras,  &  in  72  m.  N.W.  Cohan 
(Guatemala),  having  been  joined  by  the 
rivers  Santa,  Isabel,  Mataquece,  &  Sa- 
eapulas,  acquires  the  name  of  Usuma- 
sinta. 

Rio  de  las  Casas  Grandas,  a  river 
of  the  Mexican  confed.,  dep.  Chihuahua, 
after  a  N.  course  of  100  m.  enters  the 
Lake  Guzman. 

Rio  (del)  Hacha,  a  marit.  town  of  S. 
America,  New  Granada,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Hacha,  in  the  Caribbean  sea  90  m. 
E.N.E.  Santa  Martha. 

Rio  del  Rey,  a  large  shallow  bay  in 
the  bight  of  Biafra,  Guinea,  E.  the  Old 
Calabar  riv.,  &  opposite  the  isl.  Fernan- 
do Po. 

Rio  1)ulce,  the  outlet  of  the  Golfo 
Dulce,  Central  America,  state  Honduras, 
enters  the  Caribbean  sea  W.,  after  a 
winding  course  of  23  m.,  during  which  it 
expands  into  El  Golfete,  or  the  Little 
Gulf,  9  m.  in  length  by  2  m.  across.  At 
its  mouth  is  a  bar  with  less  than  6  feet 
water. 

Rio  Grande,  a  river  of  W.  Africa, 
Senegambia,  rises  in  Futa  Jallon,  lat. 
11°  20'  N,,  Ion.  11°  W.,  flows  W.  &  en- 
ters the  Atlantic  by  an  estuary  10  m. 

across. II.  a  riv.  of  S.  Amer.,  Bolivia, 

rises  by  sev.  heads  near  Cochabamba,  & 
near  lat.  15°  10'  S.  receives  the  Chapare, 

after  which  it  is  called  the  Mamore. 

III.  a  river.  New  Granada,  dep.  Isthmus, 
rises  N.W.  Panama,  about  2  m.  from 
which  city  it  enters  the  Pacific   ocean. 

IV.  a  river,  Mexican  confed.,  enters 

the  Pacific  at  San  Bias,  after  a  N.W. 
course  of  400  m.  across  the  Anahuac  ta- 
ble-land.     It  is    greatly  interrupted  by 

cataracts,    &    is    very    rapid. V.    a 

river  of  the  Mosquito  territory.  Central 
Amer.,  enters  the  Caribbean  sea. 

Rio  Grande  (or  Rio  Bravo)  del 
Norte,  a  river  of  N.  America,  rises  in 


654 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[rip 


the  mountainous  region,  lat.  41°  N.,  Ion. 
110°  W.,  flows  mostly  S.S.E.,  &  enters 
the  gulf  of  Mexico  a,t  El  Refugio.  Total 
course,  1,600  to  1,800  m.  Its  navigation 
is  impeded  by  rapids  &  by  shoals  for 
more  than  100  m.  below  Santa  Fe  ;  at  its 
mouth  is  a  bar  which  has  often  not  more 
than  3  feet  water. 

Rio  Grande  do  Norte,  a  marit.  prov. 
of  Brazil,  having  N.  &  E.  the  Atlantic. 
Area,  31,230  sq.  m.  P.  100,000.  Its 
name  is  derivecl  from  a  river  which  en- 
ters the  Atlantic.     Natal  is  the  cap. 

Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  a  town  of  ISrazil, 
cm  a  low  peninsula  at  the  S.  extremity 
of  Lake  Patos.  P.  3,590,  or  including 
dist,  12,000.  It  has  a  considerable  trade 
on  the  lake,  in  which  300  or  400  small 
vessels  are  engaged. 

Rio  Hacha,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  New 
Granada,  200  m.  E.N.E.  Carthagena, 
•with  a  small  port  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Hacha  in  the  Caribbean  sea. 

Rio  Honda  &  Rio, Hondo,  two  small 

rivers    of    Amer. 1,   in   Texas,    dist. 

Bexar. II.  forming  the  N.  limit  of 

British  Honduras. 

Rio  Mayor,  a  mkt.  town  of  Portugal, 
at  the  E.  foot  of  Mount  Junto,  43  m. 
E.N.E.  Lisbon. 

Rio  Negro,  or  Parana,  a  river  of  Co- 
lombia &  Brazil,  is  the  principal  tributa- 
ry of  the  Amazon,  &  under  the  name 
of  the  Guainia,  rises  in  New  Granada, 
near  lat.  2°  N.,  Ion.  72°  W.  It  flows 
generally  E.S.E.,  enters  the  prov.  Para, 
&  joins  the  Amazon.  Total  course, 
1,000  m.  At  its  mouth  it  is  scarcely  1| 
m.  in  breadth,  but  a  little  higher  up  it  is 
nearly  9  m.,  &  opposite  Barcellos,  15 
m.  across. 

Rio  Negro  (or  Sauces),  a  river  of  S. 
America,  forming  the  whole  boundary 
between  the  territory  of  the  Plata  con- 
fed.  &  Patagonia.  It  appears  to  rise  in 
a  lake  at  the  foot  of  the  Chilian  Andes,  & 
after  an  E.  course  of  600  or  700  m.,  en- 
ters the  Atlantic  ocean  90  m.  S.W.  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Colorado.  At  its 
mouth  it  is  2  m.  across,  but  at  Carmen, 
16  ui.  inland,  its  breadth  is  less  than  300 
yards,  &  4  m.  higher  it  becomes  wholly 
innavigable.  Its  bed  abounds  with  shoals 
&  islands,  course  rapid,   &  4k   m.  from 

its   mouth  is  a  dangerous  bar. II.  a 

river  of  Uruguay,  the  central  part  of 
which  it  drains,  enters  the  Uruguay  riv., 
80  m.  N.  Buenos  Ayres,  after  a  W.  course 

of  250  m. III.  a  river  of  the  Plata 

confed.,  tributary  to  the  Vermejo. IV. 

a  town,  Colombia,  New  Granada,  20  m. 
E.S.E,  Medellin. 


Rio  TiNTO,  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  near 
Aracena,  &  flows  S.  to  the  Mediterra- 
nean, which  it  enters  in  the  bay  of  IIu- 
elva.  L.  60  m.  Near  its  mouth  is  the 
port  of  Palos,  whence  Columbus  sailed 

on  his  voyage  of  discovery. II.  a  riv. 

of  Central  America,  Mosquito  territory, 
after  a  N.  course  of  120  m.,  enters  the 
sea  E.  Cape  Cameron. 

RioJA  (La),  a  dep.  of  the  Plata  con- 
fed.,  S.  America,  extending  from  Ion.  66° 
20'  W.  to  the  Andes.  Estim.  p.  19,000.— 
Rioja,  the  cap.  town,  is  situated  in  a  wide 
plain,  11^8  m.  S.S.W.  Catamarca.  P. 
4,000.  5 

RiOLs,  a  eomm.  &  viU-  of  France,  dep. 
Herault.     P.  2,121. 

RiOM,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Frfince,  dep. 
Puy-de-Dume,  on  a  hill,  8  m.  N.N.E. 
Clermont.  P.  9,588.  It  is  well  built,  & 
paved  mostly  with  basalt  &  lava,  from 
the  quarries  of  Volvic.  It  has  a  com- 
munal college,  a  library  of  10,000  vols. 

II.   (Riom-es-Montugne),  a  comm. 

&  mkt.  town,  16  m.  E.N.E.  Mauriac.  P. 
2,370. 

RioNERO,  a  town  of  Naples,  5  m.  S. 

Melfi.      P.   9,600. II.    a    mkt.   town, 

prov.  Molise,  9  m.  N.W  Isernia.  P. 
1,400. 

RiONs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Gironde,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Garonne,  15'tn. 
S.S.E.  Bordeaux.  P.  1,169. — Rion  is  a 
comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Landes,  18  m.  'N.W. 
St.  Sever.     P.  1,587. 

RiopAR,  a  town  of  Spain,  45  m.  S.W. 
Albacete. 

Riou,  an  islet  off  the  S.  coast  of  France, 
dep.  Bouches  du  BhOne,  7  m.  S.  Mar- 
seilles.— St.  Riou  is  an  islet  of  Brittany, 
S.E.  the  island  Brehat. 

Rioz,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  SaOne,  14  m.  S.S.W.  Vesoul.  P. 
1,027. 

RiPA,  a  prefixed  name  of  several  mar- 
ket towns  of  Italy. — ^ — I.  (i2.  BoUoni), 
Naples,^  12  m.  N.N.E.  Campobasso.     P. 

3,200. II.  (E.  Candida).  6  m.  S.S.E. 

Melfi.     P.  3,000. III.  {R.  di  Chieti), 

3  m.  E.  Chieti. IV.  (R.-Fratta),  a  vill. 

of  Tuscany,  6  m.  N.  Pisa. 

RiPAGLiA,  avill. of  Savoy,  20m. E.N.E. 
Geneva,  on  the  S.  shore  of  its  lake. 

RiPALiMOSANO,  a  town  of  Naples,  2 
m.  N.W.  Campobasso.     P.  3,890. 

RiPATHANSONE,  a  walled  town  of  Cent. 
Italy,  Pontif  sta.,  12  m.  S.S.E.  Fermo. 
P.  5",  120. 

Ripley,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  York,  W.  Riding,  on  the  Nidd.  P. 
1,235. 

Ripley,  SE.  co.  la.     Area,  400  sq.  mi 


uoa] 


U3SIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


655 


P.  14,820.     Cap.  Versailles. II.  S.E. 

CO.  Mo.     Area,    1,080  sq.  m.     Cap.  Van 

Burou.     P.   2,839. III.   p-t.,    Cbau- 

tauque   co.  N.  Y.     P.  1.732  . IV.   t., 

Holmes    eo.   0.      P.    1,269. V.    p-v., 

cap.  Lauderdale  co.  Tenn.     P.  300. 

VI.  p-v.,  cap.  Tippah  co.  Miss. 

PapoLL,  a  town,  Spain,  32  m.  W.N.W. 
Gerona,  on  the  Ter.     P   3,000. 

EipoN,  a  city  of  England,  co.  York, 
W.  Hiding,  on  the  Ure,  here  crossed  by  a 
bridge  of  17  arches,  23  m.  W.N.W.  York. 
P.  18,630.  Its  spacious  market  place  has 
iu  its  centre  a  lofty  obelisk.  The  cathe- 
dral, built  in  the  14th  &  15th  centuries, 
is  esteemed  one  of  the  best  proportioned 
churches  in  England.  The  minster,  now 
a  cathedral,  was  founded  before  661, 
when  the  celebrated  St.  Wilfred  was  ab- 
bot. In  1405,  Henry  IV.  held  his  court 
at  Ripon.  Bishop  Porteus  was  born  here 
in  1731. 

EiPOSTO,  a  modern  town  of  Sicily,  on 
its  E.  coast,  10  m.  S.W.  Taormina.  P. 
3,000. 

KiQUEWiHR,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Rhin,  6  m.  N.N.W.  Col- 
mar.     P.  1,836. 

KiQuiER  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Somme,.5  m.  N.E.  Abbe- 
ville.    P.  1,.5]3. II.  R-es- Plains,  is  a 

comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Seine  Inf.,  3  m.  S.S. W. 
St.Valery^ 

Ris,  a  comm.  &  small  town  of  France, 
dep.  Puy-de-DOme,  10  m.  N.  Thiers.  P. 
1,512. 

RiSANO,  a  vill.  of  Dalmatia,  7  miles 
N.N.W.  Cattaro,  on  the  gulf  of  Cattaro. 
P.  1,100. 

RisHWORTH,  a  townshij)  of  England, 
CO.  York,  W.  Riding.     P.  1,710. 

RiTZEBiJTTEL,  a  free  town  of  N.W. 
Germany,  territory  of  Hamburg,  in  the 
N.  sea,  2  m.  S.  Cuxhaven.     P.  1,745. 

RiUDOMS,  a  t.  of  Spain,  lOm- W.N.W. 
Tarragona.     P.  3,247. 

RivA,  a  town  of  the  Tyrol,    10  miles 

W.S.W.   Roveredo.      P.    2,000. II.   a 

vill.  of  Switzerland,  8  m.  S.  Lugano,  &,  on 
S.  extremity  of  its  lake.     P.  1,000. 

RivA,  several  vills.,   &c.,  of  N.  Italy, 

Sardinian  dom. 1.  Piedmont,  on  the 

Sesia,  16  m.  W.N.W.  Varallo. II.  {di 

Cliieri),   10  m.  E.S  E.  Turin.     P.   (with 

comm.)  2,697. -III.  {di  Mazzano),  20 

m.  B.  Alessandria,  Po.    P.  2,062. IV. 

a  vill.  at  the  N.  e.xtremity  of  the  lake  of 
Como. 

Riva-de-Sella,  a  maritime  town  of 
Spain,  35  m.  E.N.B.  Oviedo,  on  the  Sella. 

RivAFRECHA,  a  town  of  Spain,  7  m. 
S.S.E.  Logroiio,  on  the  Leza.    P.  1,485. 


RivALTA,  sevl.  vills.  of  N.  Italy 

I.  Lombardy,  5  m.  W.N.W.  Mantua. • 

II.  (di  Acqui),  Piedmont,  4  m.  N.E.  Ac- 
qui,  on   the  Bormida.     P.  with   comm. 

1,885. III.  {di  Torino),  8  m.  W.S.W. 

Turin.  P.  1,774. — Rivara  is  a  vill.,  cap. 
mand.,  20  m.  N.N. AY.  Turin.  P.  (with- 
comm.)  1,624. 

^  RivAROLO,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Pied- 
mont, 19  m.  N.  Turin,  on  an  afii.  of  the 
Po.     P.  with  comm.  6,032. 

RivE-DE-GiER,  a  town  &  comm.  of 
France,  dep.  Loire,  on  the  Gier,  an  afiS. 
oftheRhOne.     P.  11,694. 

EivERHEAD,  a  township.  New  York, 
cap.  CO.  Suflblk,  on  Long  Island  sound. 
P.  2,540.— The  vill  is  at  the  head  of  nav- 
igation, on  Peconic  bay. 

Rives,  &  Rivesaltes,  two  comms.  & 
mkt.  towns  of  France. — ■ — I.  dep.  Is^re, 
cap.  cant.,  16  m.  N.W.  Grenoble.  P. 
2,270. II.  dep.  E.  Pyrenees,  cap.  cant., 

5  m.  N.  Perpignan.    P.  3,702. 
RivEs,  c.  H.,  cap.  Henry  co.  Mo. 
RiviEEA  DI  Gexoa,  a  name  given  to 

two  portions  of  the  coast  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean, in  the  midst  of  which  Genoa  la 
situated. — Riviera  is  a  dist.  of  Switzer- 
land, cant.  Ticiuo,  chie    town  Osogna. 

RiviERE  PiLOTE,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town 
on  the  S.  coast  of  Maitinique.  P.  3,841. 
— Riviere  Saiee  is  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town 
on   the  S.W.   coast   of  Martinique.      P. 

2,371. II.  the  strait  which  separates 

Guadeloupe  into  two  islands. 

RivOLi,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Piedmont, 
8  m.  W-  Turin.  P.  with  comm.  5,195. 
II.  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy,  deleg. 

6  12  m.  N.W.  Verona,  on  the  Adige. 
Here  the  French  defeated  the  Austrians, 
14th  Jan.,  1797,  on  which  occasion  Mas- 
sena  received  the  title  of  duke  of  Eivoli. 
— Rivolta  is  a  vill.,  Lombardy,  near  the 
Adda,  15  miles  E.  Milan. 

RixHEiM,  a  comm.  &  vill.,  France,  dep. 
H.  Rhin,  3^  m.  E.  Miilhausen.    P.  2,984. 

RizAH,  or  RizEH,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Asi- 
atic Turkey,  35  m.  E.  Trebizond. 

RjEv,  a  town  of  Russia,  74  m.  S.W. 
Tver,  cap.  dist.,  on  the  Volga.     P.  9,000. 

RoA,  a  town  of  Spain,  49  m.  S.S.W. 
Burgos,  on  the  Douro.     P.  2,000. 

RoAG  (Loch),  a  large  &  intricate  inlet 
of  the  sea,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Lewis  isl., 
Hebrides. 

Roane,  a  central  co.  Tenn.  Area, 
600  sq.  m.  Cap.  Kingston.  P.  12,185. 
II.  t..  La  Fayette  co.  Ark. 

RoA.MNE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Loire,  40  m.  N.W.  Lyon,  on  1.  b.  of 
the  Loire.  P.  11,870.  It  has  a  chamber 
of  arts  &  manufs.,  &  a  comm.  college. 


656 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[roc 


Roanoke,  a  river  of  Virginia,  &  Nortli 
Carolina,  formed  by  the  coufluence  of  the 
Staunton  &  Dan,  flows  mostly  S.E.  &  en- 
ters Albemarle  sound,  after  a  course  of 
at  least  300  miles  ;  for  the  last  75  of 
■which,  to  the  great  falls  at  Halifax,  it  is 
navig.  for  vessels  of  45  tons.  A  canal 
around  the  falls  opens  a  boat  navigation 

to  its  head  streams. II.  co.  W.  Va. 

Area,  370  sq.  m.  Cap.  Roanoke  c.h.  P. 
8,477. 

iloAPOA,  one  of  the  Marquesas,  Pa- 
cific, 58  m.  W.  Santa  Christina.     L.  10  m. 

HoAEiNG  Watee,  bay,  Ireland,  Mun- 
ster,  CO.  Cork. 

lloAsio,  a  market  town  &  coram,  of  N. 
Italy,  18  miles  N.N.W.  Vercelli.  P. 
2,547. 

RoBB,  t.,  Posey  co.  la.     P.  1,098. 

RoBBEN  Island,  an  islet  off  the  cape 
of  Good  Hope,  at  the  entrance  of  False 
bay. 

RoBBio,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.  Italy,  Pied- 
mont, 11  miles  S.W.  Novara.  P.  with 
comm.  3,350. 

Robe,  a  river  of  Ireland,  Connaughfc, 
CO.  Mayo,  enters  Lough  Mask.     L.  2(5  m. 

Robecco,  a  market  town  of  Lombardy, 
on  the  Oglio,  7  m.  N.  Cremona. 

EoBECQ,  a  comm  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Pas-de-Calais,  5  m.  N.W.  Bethune. 
P.  1,434. 

RoBEL,  a  town  of  Mecklenb.-Schwerin. 
34  m.  S.E.  Gllstrow.     P.  3,210. 

Robert  (Le),  a  town  on  the  E.  coast 
of  the  island  Martinique.     P.  4,444. 

Robertson,  N.  co.  Tenn.  Area,  300 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Springfield.     P.  16,145. 

Robeson,  S.  co.  N.  C.     Area,  700  sq. 

m.     Cap.  Lumberton.     P.  12,826. 11. 

p-t.,  Berks  co.  Pa.     P.  2,016. 

RoBiLANTB,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.  Italy, 
Piedmont,  div.,  prov.  &  7  m.  S.S.W.  Coni. 
P.  2,278. 

Robin  Hood's  Bay,  a  fine  inlet  of  the 
N.  sea,  B.  coast  of  England,  co.  York,  N. 
Riding. 

Robinson,  Posey  co.  la.  P.  1,004. 
II.  t.,  Alleghany  co.  Pa.     P.  1,694. 

RocALBENGA,  a  town  of  Tuscany,  18 
m.  E.N.E.  Grosseto,  on  the  Albenga.  P. 
3,500. 

RocAMADOUR,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Lot,  13  m.  E.N.E.  Gourdon. 
P.  1,482. 

RocAs,  an  island  of  the  Atlantic,  125 
m.  N.E.  Cape  St.  Roque,  Brazil. 

RoccA,  numerous  small  towns  &  vills. 

of  Italy  &.  Sicily. 1.  Sicily,  10  m.  W. 

Messina. II.  {R.-Bianca),  duchy  Par- 
ma, &  16  m.  N.N.W.  Parma.  P.  1,800. 
III.  {R.-Bigliera),  Sard,  dom.,  23 


m.  N.  Nice.     P.  (with  comm.)  1,862. 

IV.     {R-Bruna),    Piedmont,    13    miles 

W.]Sr.W>  Coni.      P.  2,615. V.  {R.-Ca- 

sale),  Naples,  5  m.  N.N.W.  Sulmona. 

VI.  {R.-Contrada),  Pontif.  sta  ,  28  miles 

W.S.W.  Ancona.     P.  2,600. VII.  {R.- 

d'Anifisa),    Naples,    cap.   cant.,  4   miles 

N.W.    Monteleone.'    P.   4,000. VIII. 

(d'  Arazzo),  Sard,  dom.,  Piedmont,  20  m. 

W.    Alessandria.     P.   1,703.' IX.   (de 

Baldi),  Piedmont,  4  m.   N.W.  Mondovi. 

P.  2,290. X.  {d'Aspide),  Naples,  16  m. 

S.  Campagna.     P.  4,000. XI.  {di  Co- 

rio),  Sard,  dom.,  Piedmont,  18  m.  N.N.W. 

Turin.     P.    2,692. -XII.    {di    Neto), 

Naples,   13  m.  N.AT.  Cotrone.     P.  3,000. 

XIII.  {di  Papa),  a  vill.,  Pontif.  sta., 

15  m.  S.E.  Rome,  on  the  site  of  the  anc. 

Fabia.      P.  2,100. XIV.  {R.- Forte), 

a  vill..  Piedmont,  7  miles  S.W.  Mondovi. 

P.  2,984. XV.  {Grimalda),  18  m.  S. 

Alessandria.     P.  2,140. XVI.  (Gug- 

lielma),    Naples,    13   m.  E.N.E.    Fondi. 

XVII.  {Imperiule},  beside  the  gulf 

of  Taranto,  7  m.   N.  Roseto.     P.  2,000. 

XVIII.  (Mandolfi),  6  m.  W.  Bojano. 

P.  3,400. XIX.  {Monfini),  cap.  cant., 

23  m.  N.W.  Caserta.      P.  3,000. XX. 

{Piemonie),  7  m.  N.N.W.  Salerno. 

XXI.  (Palomba),  Sicily,  27  m.  S.E.  Paler- 
mo.    P.  1,400. XXII.   {San  Felice), , 

kingdom  Naples,  2  m.  N.  St.  Angelo-dei- 
Lombardi.     Near  it  is  the  lake  Amsanc- 

tus  of  Virgil. XXIII.  {R.-Becca),   12 

m.  S.    Sora.     P.  2,300. XXIV.   {R.- 

Verano),  Sard,  dom.,  Piedmont,  29  m. 
S.S.W.  Alessandria,  cap.  mand.     P.,  with 

comm.,  1,790. XXV.  {R.-Vione),  6  m. 

S.W.  Coni.  P.  2,674.— i2occa  Partida  is 
the  most  W.  of  the  Revilla-gigedo  isls., 
N.  Pacific. 

RoccELLA,  two   mkt.  towns  of  Sicily. 

1,  intend.  &  37  m.  S.W.  Messina,  at 

the  foot  of  Mount  Etna. II.  8  miles 

W.S.AV.  Cefalu,  on  the  Mediterranean.  P. 
2,000. 

RoccELLA  (La),  a  town  of  Naples,  on 
the  Mediterranean,  9  m.  N.E.  Gerace. 
P.  4,000. 

RoccHETTA,  a  town  of  Naples,  18  m 
N.E.  St.  Angelo  de  Lombardi.     P.  4,500. 

Rochdale,  a  raanuf.  town,  co.  Lancas- 
ter, on  the  Roche,  Urn.  N.N.Fl.  Man- 
chester.    P.  72,522. 

Roche  (La),  a  prefix  to  names  of  nu- 
merous cumms.  towns,  &  vills.  of  Franco. 

1.  {Beaucourt},   dep.    Dordogne,   13 

m.  W.S.W.   Nontron.      P.  1,088. IL 

{Chalais),  dep.  Dordogn«,  17  m.  W.'S.W. 

Riberac.     P.   1,030. III.   {de   Glun), 

dep.  Drome.     P.  2,103. IV.  {en  Bre- 

nll),   dep.  Cote-d'-Or.      P.  2,499. V. 


lOC] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


657 


(Guyon),  dep.  Ssiiie-et-Oise,  8  m.  N.N.W. 

Mantes.     P.  867. VI.  {VAbeille),  dep. 

H.  Vienne,  6  m.  N.N.E.  St.  Yrieix.     P. 
1,367. 

RocHECHOUAET,  a  comm  ,&  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Vienne,  on  an  affl.  of  the 
Vienne,  20  ni.  W.  Limoges.  P.  1,693,— 
Rochecorbon  is  a  vilL,  dep.  Indre-et- 
Loiie,  3  m.  E.  Tours.     P.  1,722. 

RocHEFORT,  a  coinm.  &  marit.town  of 
France,  Jiear  its  W.  coast,  dep.  Charente 
Inf.,  18  in.  S  S.E.  La  Ruehelle,  on  tlie 
Charente,  7  m.  from  its  mouth.  P.  15,941. 
Rochfort  is  fortified  &  forms  the  third 
military  port  of  Prance.  In  the  military 
port  the  largest  vessels  float  at  all  times. 
Attached  to  it  are  a  prison  for  1,000  con- 
victs, &  a  nuval  hospital.  The  commer- 
cial port  admits  vessels  of  800  tons  close 
to  the  quays.     The  arsenal  is  one  of  the 

largest  in  France. II.  a  comm.  &  vill., 

dep.  Jura,  4   m.  N  E.  Dole. III.  (E. 

Samson),  acnmm.  &  market  town,  dep. 

DrOmc.  P.  1,073 IV.  (R.  Sur  Loire), 

a  comm.  &   town,  dep.  Maine-et-Loir,  6 
m.  S.W.  Angers.     P.  1,039. 

RocHEFORT,  a  town  of  Belgium,  27  m. 

S.E.  Namur.     P.  1,300. IL  a  vill.  of 

Switzerland,  6  m.  S.W.  Neucliatel. 

Rochefoucauld  (La),  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Charente,  13  m.  N.E. 
Angoulgme,  crowned  by  the  chateau  in 
which  La  Rochefoucauld  was  bora  in 
1613.     P.  2,660. 

KocHELLE  (La),  a  comm.  &  fortified 
seaport  tovi'n  of  France,  cap.  dep.  Cha- 
rente Inf.,  on  the  Atlantic.  P.  14,136. 
It  is  entered  by  7  gates  ;  streets  mostljr 
bordered  by  arcades ;  princiiJal  edifices 
the  cathedral,  town-hall,  e.xehanga,  courts 
of  justice,  hospital,  arsenal,  docks,  &  a 
good  bathing  establishment.  A  new 
iuner  harbor  opens  from  an  outer  port 
-capable  of  receiving  vessels  of  from  400 
to  500  tons ;  the  roadstead  is  protected 
by  the  islands  Re  &  Oleron.  In  the  re- 
ligious wars  it  was  long  a  stronghold  of 
the  Protestants,  but  it  was  iinally  taken 
by  Louis  XIII.  in  1628. 

RofcHEMA-URE,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town 
of  France,  dep.  Ardeche,  12  m.  S.E.  Pri- 
vas.     P.  1,473. 

RocHE-PosAY  (La),  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  A^'ienne,  13  m.  E.S.E. 
Chatellerault,  with  1,416  inhabs.,  & 
mineral  baths. 

Rochester,  a  city  &  river-port  of 
Engl.,  CO.  Kent,  28  m.  E.S.E.  St.  Paul's, 
London.  The  cathedral,  mostly  con- 
structed by  Gundulph,  the  first  bishop 
after  the  conquest,  presents  in  its  recently 
repaired  interior  one  of  the  finest  speci- 
28^ 


mens  of  Norman  &  early  English  archi- 
tecture. The  bishopric  is,  next  to  Can- 
terbury, the  most  ancient  in  England, 
having  been  founded  by  St.  Augustine  in 

604,  but  it  is  also  the  smallest. II.  a 

city  of  New  York,  on  both  sides  of  the 
G-enesee,  Monroe  co.,  &  on  the  Erie  canal, 
.  at  the  terminus  of  Genesee  valley  canal, 
&  on  the  great  western  railway,  7  m.  S. 
Lake  Ontario,  &  203  m.  N.W".  Albany. 
P'.  36,403.  It  has  risen  into  consequence 
since  1812,  when  it  consisted  of  only  two 
wooden  frame  buildings.  It  now  has 
numerous  elegant  houses,  with  fine  gar- 
dens, a  collegiate  institute  &  university, 
2  female  seminaries,  several  academies, 
&  other  sckools,  two  orphan  asylums,  mu- 
seum, arcade,  athenaeum,  &  mechanics' 
institute.  It  principally  owes  its  rise  to 
the  vast  water-power  created  here  b}'  tho 

falls  in  the   river. III.  t.,  Plymouth 

CO.  Mass.     P.  3,808. IV.  t,  Ulster  co. 

N.  Y.     P.  2,674. V.  p-v.,  cap.  Fulton 

CO.  la. VI.  t.,  semi-cap.,  Strafford  co. 

N.  H.     P.  3.006. VII.  t.,  Windsor  co. 

Vt.     P.  1,396. 

RocHETTA  (del  Tanaro),  a  market 
town  of  N.  Italy,  Piedmont,  9  m.  E.S.E. 
Asti.     P.  (1838)  with  comm.  3,028. 

RocHFORD,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Essex,  15J  m.  S.E.  Chelmsford.  P. 
1,722. 

RocHLiTZ,  two  towns  of  Germany. 

I.  Saxony,  on  the   Mulde,  16  m.  N.N.W. 

Chemnitz.     P.  4,104. II.  Bohemia,  34 

m.  N.  Bidschow.     P.  2,067. 

Rock,  river,  Wis.  &  111. II.  creek, 

dist.  Columbia,  enters  the  Potomac. 

III.  S.  CO.  Wis.  Area,  720  sq.  m.  P. 
20,708. 

RocKAWAY  Beach,  apeninsula  of  New 
York,  between  Jamaica  bay  &  the  Atlan- 
tic, has  on  its  banks  one  of  the  most 
fashionable  watering  places  in  the  vicinity 
of  New  York. 

Rockbridge,  a  central  co.  Va.  Area, 
680  sq.  m.     Cap.  Lexington.     P.  16,045. 

Rockcastle,  S.E.  co.  Kentucky.  Cap. 
Mount  Vernon.     P.  4,697. 

RocKENHAusEN,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Bavaria,  on  the  Alsenz,  13  m.  N.  Kaiser- 
slautern.     P.  1,783. 

RocKFORD,  p-v.,  cap.  Winnebago  co. 
Illinois. 

Rockingham,  S.E.  co.  N.  H.  Area, 
695  sq.  m.  Cap.  Portsmouth.  P.  50,986. 
—'—II.  a  central  co.  Va.     Area,  833  sq. 

m.    P.  20,294. III.  N.  co.  N.  C.    Area, 

475  sq.  m.     Cap.  Wentworth.     P.  14,495. 

IV.  t.,  Windham  co.  Vt.     P.  2,827. 

V.  p-v.,  cap.  Richmond  co.  N.  C.     P. 

200. 


658 


CVCLOP.EDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[rog 


Rock  Island,  is  in  the  Miss,  river,  nt 

the  foot  of  Rock  viv.  rapids. II.  N.W. 

CO.  111.  Aren,  366  sq.  m.  P.  6,m.—Rock 
Island  city,  the  cap.,  is  laid  out  on  an 
extensive  scale  at  I  lie  iimction  of  Rock 
river  .4;  the  Miss.     P.  1,000. 

Rock  Island  Rapids,  in  the  Miss., 
eominenee  at  Roelc  island. 

Rockland,  S.E.  eo.  N.  Y.  Area,  172 
sq.  m.     P.  16,962.     Cap.  New  city  v. 

II.  p-t.,  Venango  co.  Pa.     P.  1,178. 

III.  t.,  Bucks  CO.  Pa.     P.  1,649. 
Rockland  Lake,  Clarkstown  t.,  Rock- 
land CO.  N.  Y.,  is  a  pure  sheet  of  water, 

5  ra.  in  ciraumference. 

Rock  Mountain,  De  Kalb  co.  Ga.,  is 
a  solitary  peak,  2,226  feet  high. 

RocKPORT,  t.,  E.^sex  co.  Mass.    P.  2,650. 

II.  p-t.,  Cuyahoga  co.  0.     P.  1,235. 

III.  p-T.,  cap.  Spencer  co.  la.      P. 

400. 

Rockville,  p-v.,  cap.  Montgomery  co. 

Md.     P.  300. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Parke  co. 

la,     P.  700. 

Rocky  Fork,  t.,  Boone  co.  Mo.  P. 
1,697. 

Rocky  Hill,  t.,  Hartford  co.  Conn. 

Rocky  Mount,  p-v.,  cap.  Franklin  co. 
Va.     P.  200. 

Rocky  Mountains,  an  extensive  mntn. 
system  of  N.  America,  which  stretches 
from  near  the  mouth  of  the  Mackenzie 
river,  Arctic  ocean,  S.-ward  to  the  Ana- 
huac  mountains  of  Mexico.  Mt.  Browne, 
lat.  53°  N.,  is  estimated  to  be  15,990  ft. 
in  height.  Many  other  summits  vary  in 
elevation  from  10,000  ft.  to  15,000  ft. 
On  their  E.  is  mostly  a  sandy  &  sterile 
country,  with  salt  lakes,  on  the  W.  are 
several  fertile  valleys,  watered  in  the 
Oregon  territory  by  the  Columbia  river 

6  its  numerous  affls.,  &  the  Sacramento, 

Colorado,    &c.,    in    California. Rocky 

Mountain  House  is  a  station  of  the 
Hudson  Bay  Company,  on  the  St.  John 
or  Peace  riv.     Lat.  56°  N.,  Ion.  120°  W. 

RocROY,  a  comm.  &  frontier  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ardennes,  in  the  forest  of 
Ardennes,  15  miles  N.W.  Mezieres.  P. 
1,164.  It  has  a  military  hospital  &  a 
custom  house.  The  duke  of  Enghien, 
afterwards  "  the  grande  conde,"  here 
defeated  the  Spaniards  in  1643. 

Roda,  two  towns  of  Spain. -I.  38  m. 

N.E.  Barcelona,  on  the  Ter. 11.  56 

m.  S.  Cuen^a.     P.  2,400. 

Roda,  a  town  of  Germany,  on  an  afB. 
of  the  Saale,  8  m.  E.S.E.  Jena.    P.  2,357. 

Rodach,  a  town  of  Saxe  Coburg,  10  m. 
W.N.W.  Coburg.     P.  1,572. 

RoDAH,  a  town  of  Arabia,  Yemen,  8  m. 
N.N.W.  Sana. 


RoDAUK,  a  town  of  Central  Asia,  Little 
Tibet,  about  120  m.  S.E.  Leh. 

RoDBYE,  a  marit.  town  of  Denmark, 
on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  Laaland,  7 
m.  S.S.W.  Marieboe,  with  1,200  inhabs. 
RoDELHEiM,  a  mkt.  town  of  Germany, 
H.  Darmstadt,  on  the  Nidda,  4  miles 
W.N.W.  Frankfurt.     P.  1,583. 

RoDEMACK,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Moselle,  8  m.  N.N.E.  Thion- 
ville.     P.  1,087. 

RoDEWALD,  a  vill.  of  Hanover,   11m. 

N.  Neustadt-am-Riibenberge.     P.  1,600. 

RoDEZ,    a  town  of  Frani;e,   cap.  dep. 

Aveyron,  85  m.  N.W.  Montpellier.     P. 

8,801. 

RoDi,  a  marit.  town  of  Naples,  on  the 
N.  coast  of  the  Garganian  promontory, 
Adriatic  sea.  P.  3,200 ■— Rod igo  is  a 
vill.  of  Lombardy,  deleg.  &  7  m.  N.AV. 
Mantua. 

RoDiNG,  a  river  of  England,  co.  Essex, 
joins  the  Thames. 

Robing,  a  vill.  of  Bavaria,  23  m.  N.E. 

Regensburg.     P.  1,190. — Rbdingen  is  a 

vill.,  Rheu.  Prussia,  18  m.  N.E.  Aachen. 

Rodman,  p-t.,  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.     P. 

1,702. 

RoDNA,  a  vill.  of  Transylvania,  26  m. 
N.E.  Bistritz.     P.  2,000. 

Rodosto,  a  fortified  maritime  town  of 
European  Turkey,  Rumili,  60  m.  N.E. 
Gallipoli,  on  the  sea  of  Marmora. 

RoDRiGUEs,  an  island  of  the  Indian 
ocean,  330  m.  E.N.E.  the  Mauritius,  of 
which  it  is  a  dependency.  L.  12  m. ;  br. 
3  to  6  m. 

Rcedoe,  an  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Norway. 
— Roedskioer  is  a  small  island  in  the 
gulf  of  Finland.  . 

RoER,  or  Ruhr,  a  riv.  of  W.  Germany 
&  the  Netherlands,  joins  the  Maese. 
Total  course  90  m. 

Roermond,  a  town  of  the  Maese,  27  m. 
N.E.  Maestritcht.     P.  5,937. 

Roeskilde,  a  town  of  Denmark,  island 
Seeland,  with  a  port,  &  19  m.  W.S.W. 
Copenhagen,  at  the  head  of  an  inlet  of 
the  lise-fiord.  P.  3,400.  It  was  the  res- 
idence of  the  Danish  kings  in  the  middle 
ages,  &  has  a  royal  castle,  a  cathedral, 
the  oldest,  finest,  &  most  celebrated  in 
Denmark,  with  tombs  of  many  of  its  kings. 
RcEULX,  a  town  of  Belgium,  8  m. 
E.N.E.  Mons.     P.  2,701. 

Rofrano,  a  market  town  of  Naples, 
13  m.  S.S.W.  Diano.     P.  2,100. 

Rogasen,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
reg.  &  24  m.  N.  Posen,  on  a  large  lake. 
P.  4,430. 

Rogatchev,  a  market  town  of  Russia, 
60  m.  S.S.W.  Moghilev,     P.  2,500. 


rom] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


669 


RoGEESviLLE,  p-v.,  cap.  Hawkins  co. 
Tenn. 

RoGGWEiL,  a  Till,  of  Switzerland,  27 
m.  N.E.  Bern. 

RoGLiANO,   a  town  of  Naples,  9  m.  S. 

Cosenza.     P.  1,900. II.  a  town  at  the 

N.  extremity  of  Corsica,  17  m.  N.  Bastla. 
P.  1,525. 

RoGONAUTPOOR,  a  town  of  Brit.  India, 
prov.  Bengal,  130  m.  N.W.  Calcutta. 

Rohan,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan,  on  the  Ouse,  28  m.  N. 
Vannes.     P.  501. 

Rohan,  an  old  diyis.  of  France,  in 
Bretagne. — Rohan-Rohan,  or  Frontenay, 
is  a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Deux-Sevres,  6 
m.  S.W.  Niort.     P.  2,198. 

RoHATYN,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia,  15  m.  W.S.W.  Brzezany,  with 
2,726  inhabs. 

RoHiLcuND,  a  region  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

RoHESDORF,   three  vills.  of  Germany. 

1.   Prussian   Silesia,    27  miles  S.W. 

Liegnitz,   on  the  Bober.      P.  1,500. 

II.  Sa.xony,  13  m.  N.E.  Dresden.  P. 
2,908. ill.,  circ.  Zwickau.     P.  1,175. 

RoisEL  k  RoissY,  two  comms.  &  vills. 

of  France. 1,  in  dep.  Somme,  7  m.  E. 

Peronne,  with  1.591  inhabs. II.  dep. 

Seine-et-Oise.     P.  965. 

RoiTzscH,  a  vill.  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
19  m.  N.E.  Merseburg.     P.  1,300. 

RoJALEs,  a  market  town  of  Spain,  23 
m.  S.W.  Alicante. 

RoJANKA,  a  market  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  37  m.  E.S.E.  Grodno.     P.  1,500. 

RoJANO,  a  mkt.  town  of  Naples,  6  m. 
N.W.  Sulmona.,  with  1,600  inhab. 

ROJESTVENKA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia, 
12  m.  W.  Staroi-Oskol.     P.  1,500. 

RojESTVENKOE,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia, 
32  miles  E.S.E.  Stavropol.  P.  1,500.— 
Rojestveno  is  a  mkfc.  town,  49  m.  S.S.W. 
St.  Petersburg.     P.  1,500. 

RoJEV,  a  mitrket  town  of  Russia,  33  m. 
W.  Kiev.     P.  1,500. 

RoKELLE,  riv.,  W.  Africa,  Senegambia. 

RoKiTZAN,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  10  m. 
E.  Pilsen,  on  the  Kladawa.     P.  2,800. 

RoLLEBOisE,  acomm,  &vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Seine. 

RoLLEGHEM,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  5  m. 
S.  Courtrai.     P.  1,500. 

RoLLOUG,  a  vill.  of  Norway,  54  m.  W. 
Cfaristiania.     P.  of  pa.  4,000. 

Rom.  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Deux  Sevres,  on  the  Dive,  13  m.  E.N.E. 
Melle.     P.  1,738. 

Roma,  an  island  of  the  Malay  archip., 
in  the  Banda  sea,  50  m.  N.E.  Timor,  40 
m.  in  circuit. 


Romagna,  a  prov.  of  Central  Italy,  & 
one  of  the  earliest  possessions  of  the  Ro- 
man bishops,  on  the  Adriatic. 

Romagnano,  a  market  town  of  N. 
Italy,  Piedmont,  18  m.  N.W.  Novara,  on 

the  Sesia.     P.  with  comm.  2,519. II. 

a  vill.  of  Naples,  20  m.  E.  Campagna. 

RcJmagnat,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Puy-de-DCime.  P.  1,999. —  Komag- 
nieu  is  a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Isere.  P. 
1,931. 

Romagnese,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  6  m. 
N.N.W.  Bobbio.     P.  1,822. 

Romain    (St.),    numerous   comms.    & 

vills.  of  France. 1,  dep.  H.  Loire.     P. 

1,473. II.  dep.  Charente.     P.   1,129. 

III.  dep.  Seine   Inf.,  11   m.   E.N.E. 

Havre.      P.   1,666 IV.    {de   Benet), 

dep.  Charente  Inf.,  10  m.  AV.S.W.  Salu- 
tes.     P.  1,582. V.  (de  Fopey),  dep. 

Rhone,  6  m.  S.E.  Tarare.     P.  1,552. 

VI.  [d'  Urphe).  dep.  Loire,  15  miles  S.W. 

Roanne.     P.  1,509. VII.  {en  Jan-it), 

dep.  Loire,  12m.N.E.  St.Etienne.  P.1,169. 
— Romainville  is  a  vill.,  dep.  Seine,  near 
the  N.E.  extremity  of  Paris,  4  m.  S.E.  St. 
Denis,  with  a  fine  chateau  &  park,  &  a 
wood  greatly  resorted  to  by  inhabitants 
of  Paris.     P.  5,046. 

Roman,  a  town  of  Moldavia,  36  miles 
S.W.  Jassy. 

RoMANCHE,  a  small  river  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Alpes,  joins  the  Drac.     L.  40  m. 

Romano,  a  fortified  town  of  Lombardy, 

13  m.  S.S.E.  Bergamo.     P.  4,000. IL 

a  vill.,  Sard,  dom..  Piedmont,  5  m.  S.  So- 
rea.     P.  with  comm.  2,304. 

Romano  Key,  an  isl.  off  the  N.  coast 
of  Cuba,  60  m.  in  length. 

Romanov,  a  walled  t.  of  Russia,  24  m. 
N.W.  Jaroslavl,  on  the  Volga.     P.  2,000. 

RoMANOVKA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia, 
90  m.  S.  Kiev.     P.  1,570. 

Romans,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Drume,  10  miles  N.E.  Valence.  P. 
7,288. 

RoMANZoy,  several  isls.  in  the  Pacific 

ocean.  Low  &  Mulgrave  archijDelagos. 

II.    a  bay  of  Yesso,    Japan. III.    a 

headland,  Russian  America. 

RoMBLON,  one  of  the  smaller  Philip- 
pines isls.,  Pacific  ocean,  E.  Tablas. 

Rome,  a  city  of  Italy,  cap.  of  the  Pon- 
tif.  sta.,  &  formerly  the  metropolis  of  the 
gi'eater  part  of  the  world  known  to  the 
ancients,  is  situated  on  the  Tiber,  17  m. 
N.E.  its  mouth  in  the  Mediterranean. 
Lat.  of  St.  Peter's  41°  54'  6"  N.,  Ion.  12° 
27'  14"  E.  ;  elevation  of  site  above  the 
sea,  St.  Peter's  95  ft.,  the  Roman  college 
193  ft.  P.  180,000,  including  18,650  for- 
eigners.    The  city  is  built  on  marshy 


660 


CyCLOP^DIA    OF    GEOGRAPHT. 


[rom 


ground,  at  the  foot  of  a  range  of  low  hills, 
&  is  separated  by  the  Tiber  into  2  un- 
equal portions,  which  are  divided  into  14 
Rioni  (regions  or  districts), of  these  12  are 
in  Rome  proper,  or  the  space  on  the  E.  or 
1.  b.  of  the  river,  &  only  2  on  the  "W.  or 
r.  b.,  called  the  Leonine  city,  or  Trasta- 
vere,  containing  the  Vatican  &  the  Castle 
of  St.  Angelo.  Its  walls  are  15  miles  in 
circumference,  &  are  pierced  for  18  gates, 
6  of  which  are  bailt  up, — the  finest  are 
the  Porta  del  Popolo  on  the  N.,  &  the 
Porta  San  Giovanni  on  the  S.  of  the  city. 
Little  more  than  one  third  of  the  space 
within  the  walls  is  inhabited,  most  of  the 
space  S.  of  the  capitol  being  used  as  gar- 
dens &  vineyards.  The  Tiber,  within 
the  walls,  has  a  winding  course  of  3  m. 
It  is  navigable  only  for  small  provision 
boats ;  after  heavy  rains  it  frequently 
rises  20  or  30  ft.,  &  inundates  a  great  part 
of  the  city.  ISTear  the  middle  of  its  course 
the  Tiber  forms  an  island,  called  St.  Bar- 
tolomeo,  900  ft.  long  &  300  ft.  broad, 
connected  with  the  mainland  by  2  bridges, 
besides  which,  the  only  others  are  the 
Ponto  Sisto  &  the  Pohto  S. Angelo,  the  lat- 
ter connecting  the  city  with  the  castle  of 
St.  Angelo,  the  citadel  of  Rome,  which 
serve  for  a  state  prison  &  a  house  of  cor- 
rection. The  3  princip.  thoroughf:ires  of 
Rome  diverge  from  the  Piazza  del  Popolo, 
a  large  sq.  at  its  K".  extremity  ;  the  central 
of  these,  the  Corso,  extends  in  a  direct  line 
S.S.E.  for  about  1  m.  There  are  in  all  506 
sts.,  275  lanes,  &  148  sqs.,  of  all  dimen- 
sions ;  ■  most  of  these  are  ornamented 
with  richly  sculptured  fountains,  of  which 
there  are  in  Rome  150.  These  are  sup- 
plied with  excellent  water  by  3  aqueducts, 
the  finest  is  called  Aqua  Vergina.  Not- 
withstanding its  architectural  &,  artisti- 
cal  riches,  modern  Rome  has  a  sad  & 
desolate  aspect.  Most  of  the  sts.  are  nar- 
row, dirty,  &  unpaved ;  &  in  these  the 
finest  palaces  &  the  most  wretched  hovels 
are  often  seen  side  by  side.  Near  the 
Capitoline  Mount  is  the  Ghetto,  a  Jews' 
quarter,  a  crowded,  filthy  space,  enclosed 
by  walls,  the  two  gates  of  which  are 
under  charge  of  the  police.  The  situ- 
ation of  Rome  is  unhealthy,  especially 
in  summer,  from  the  effects  of  malaria. 
Rome  has  364  churches,  most  of  which 
are  remarkable  for  their  architecture  & 
their  decorations ;  of  these  the  cathedral 
of  St.  Peter's  is  the  largest  &  most  su-mp- 
tuous  in  Christendom.  It  was  begun 
under  Pope  Julius  II.  in  1506,  on  the 
site  of  an  old  church  of  same  name ;  it 
was  planned  &  commenced  by  Bramante, 
but  altered  &  carried  on  by  Raphael,  & 


Michael  Angelo  Buonarroti.  It  was  ded- 
icated 18th  Noveniber,  1626.  The  church 
of  St.  John  Lateran  in  which  the  popes 
were  crowned,  is  the  mother  church  of 
Rome,  &  contains  the  gorgeous  Corsini 
chnpel.  The  church  of  St.  Peter  in  Vin- 
coli  is  regarded  as  the  most  ancient  church 
in  Rome.  The  Vatican,  adjoining  St. 
Peter's,  is  the  largest  palace  in  Europe, 
but  irregular  in  its  plan  &  not  remarkable 
for  its  architecture  ;  it  is  said  to  contain 
4.422  halls,  chapels,  &  other  apartments  ; 
it  became  the  permanent  resilience  of  the 
popes  after  their  return  from  Avignon  ia 
1377.  Its  galleries  &  halls,  &  the  Sistine 
chapel,  decorated  by  Raphael  &  Michael 
Angelo,  contain  the  most  choice  paintings 
&  statues.  Two  of  its  vast  galleries  con- 
tain the  famous  library  of  the  Vatican, 
which  is  estimated  to  comprise  100,000 
printed  books,  &  25,000  MSS.,  of  which 
2,300  are  oriental.  One  of  its  museums 
contains  the  Apollo  Belvidere,  &  the  Lao-  ' 
coon.  The  superb  palace  of  the  Quirinal, 
or  palace  of  Monte  Cavallo,  long  the  usual 
summer  residence  of  the  pope,  is  sur- 
rounded by  extensive  gardens  ;  attached 
to  this  is  the  palace  called  the  Dataria 
Apostolica,  whence  the  pontif.  bulls  were 
issued.  In  the  square  of  the  Quirinal  is 
the  palace  of  the  Consulta,  seat  of  the 
supremo  tribunal.  The  palace  of  Salviati 
contains  the  archives  of  Rome.  Of  the 
many  scientific  &  literary  establishments, 
the  university  of  Rome  has  the  first  rank 
as  one  of  the  principal  in  Italy,  &  one  of 
the  oldest  in  Europe.  It  is  attended  by 
680  students.  The  chief  of  the  others  are 
the  Roman  college  founded  by  the  Jesuit.s, 
with  a  rich  library  &  museums  of  natural 
history  &  antiquities ;  the  college  of  the 
Propaganda,  in  which  natives  of  India, 
Abyssinia,  Armenia,  &,  Greece,  are  in- 
structed, &  to  which  a  celebrated  printing 
establishment  is  attached.  There  are 
English,  Irish,  Scotch,  &  17  other  colleges. 
The  chief  industry  of  the  inhabitants  of 
Rome  is  connected  with  the  production 
of  articles  of  virtii,  &  the  supply  of  the 
numerous  artists,  invalids,  &  other  visit- 
ors. There  are  in  Rome  32  cardinals,  29 
bishops,  124  prelates,  1,738  secular  clergy, 
2,488  regular  clerg3\  &  1,743  nuns.  The 
noble  remains  of  ancient  Rome  comprise 
the  Pontus  Jillius,  now  the  bridge  of  St. 
Angelo,  the  Cloaca  Maxima,  a  great  sub- 
terranean tunnel  still  in  good  repair,  the 
aqueducts  already  mentioned,  the  pan- 
theon, the  circus  of  Romulus,  &  the  circus 
Maximus,  the  coliseum,  remains  of  tho 
theatre  of  Marcellus,  the  baths  of  Agrippa, 
those  of  Caracalla,  Diocletian,  Nero,  Ti- 


Ron] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


661 


tus,  &0. ;  the  triutnphal  arches  of  Titus, 
Constantine,  &  Septimus  Severus ;  the 
columns  of  Antoninus  &  Trajan,  Egyptian 
obelisks,  the  Roman  forum,  now  called 
Campo  Vacciao.  Rome  was  founded 
about  753  years  B.C.  In  the  2  centuries 
preceding  the  Christian  era,  its  dominion 
extended  over  all  the  countries  of  the 
Mediterranean,  its  territories  were  further 
extended  by  the  tirst  emperors,  but  in  the 
fifth  century  the  barbarians  of  the  N.  & 
E.  deprived  it  of  several  provs.  The  city 
was  taken  by  Alaric  in  410,  &  by  Gense- 
ric  in  455.  It  passed  successively  under 
the  domination  of  the  Ostrogoths  &  the 
emperors  of  the  East ;  it  was  given  to  the 
popes  by  Pepin  &  Charlemagne  in  the 
8th  century,  &  then  became  cap.  of  the 
states  of  the  church.  From  1809  till  1814 
it  was  cap.  of  the  dep.  Rome  in  the  French 
empire.  In  1848,  an  insurrection  broke 
out  after  the  assassination  of  Count  Rossi, 
the  pope's  prime  minister,  15th  Novem- 
ber ;  the  pope  fled  in  disguise  on  the  24th. 
A  republican  form  of  government  was 
attempted  in  1849,  when  on  the  8th  Feb- 
ruary, the  natiimal  assembly  declared 
the  pope  divested  of  all  temporal  power, 
but  this  was  overturned  by  the  inter- 
vention of  a  French  force,  which  now 
(1852)    has   possession    of   Rome.      The 

pope    is  reinstated. II.  t.,  Kennebec 

CO.  Me.  P.  1,000. III.  p-t,  &  semi- 
cap.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.,  107  m.  N.W. 
Albany.  P.  7,918.  The  vill.  is  on  the 
site  of  old  Fort  Stanwix,  built  in  1758, 
rebuilt  in  the  revolutionary  war,  &  called 
Fort  Schuyler.  Here  is  a  U.  S.  arsenal, 
with  a  magazine  &  workshop.     P.  3,000. 

IV.  p-v  ,  cap.  Floyd  co.  Ga.     P.  300. 

V.  t.,  Lawrence  co.  Ohio.     P.  1,128. 

VI.  t.,  Lenawee  co.  Mich.     P.  1,128. 

VII.  p-v.,  cap.  Perry  co.  la. 

Rome  de  Tarn  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill. 
of  France,  dep.  Aveyron,  cap.  cant.,  on  1. 
b.  of  the  Tarn,  25  m.  S.E.  Rodez.  P. 
1,171. 

RoMEiN-,  a  town  of  Russia,  90  miles 
N.N.W.  Poltava,  on  the  Sula,  here  joined 
by  the  llomen.     P.  2,300. 

RoMENAY,  a  comm.  &  small  town  s>{ 
France,  dep.  Saune-et- Loire,  10  miles 
E  S.E.  Tournus.     P.  3,267. 

RoMERSTADT,  a  town  of  Moravia,  24 
m.  N.  Olmiitz.     P.  1,800. 

Romford,  a  mkt.  town  of  England,  co. 
Essex,  14  m.  E.N.E.  St.  Paul's,  London. 
P.  24,592. 

RoMHiLD,  a  walled  town  of  Germany, 
13  m.  S.S.E.  Meiningen.     P.  1,583. 

RoMiLLY,   several    eomms.,   towns,   &  j 
vills.  of  France. 1,  (sur  Andelle),  dep.  ; 


Eure,  9  m.  N.W.  Les  Andelys.    P.  1,118. 

II.  {sur  Sei7ie),  dep.  Aube,  on  1.  b. 

of  the  Seine.     P.  3,831. 

RoMiLY,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
Che,ster,  3  miles  E.N.E.  Stockport.  P. 
1,465. 

RoMMEDAL,  a  vill.  of  Norway.  P.  2,780. 

RoMNEY  (New),  a  cinque  port  &  mkt. 
town  of  England,   co.   Kent.      P.    1,000. 

-II.  p-v.,  cap.  Hampshire  co.  Va.    P. 

400. 

Romoe,  an  island  of  Denmiirk,  off  the 
W.  coast  of  the  duchy  Schleswig,  4  m. 
N.E.  the  island  Sylt.    "P.  1,500. 

RoMONT,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  12  m. 
S.W.  Fribourg.     P.  1,300. 

RoMORANTiN,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Loir-et-Cher,  25  m.  S.E. 
Blois.     P.  6,806. 

Romrod,  a  town  of  Germany,  27  m. 
E.N.E.  Giessen,  with  1,689  inhab. 

RoMSDAL,  a  dist.  of  Norway,  extend- 
ing from  the  Sneehaten  W.  &  N.W.  to 
the  Atlantic.  Area,  5,948  sq.  m.  P. 
77,548. 

Romsey,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  8 
m.  N.N.W.  Southampton. 

RoMsoE,  an  islet  of  Denmai'k,  in  the 
Great  Belt,  3  m.  N.E.  Fiihnen. 

Romulus,  p-t.,  Seneca  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
2,235. 

RoNA,  several  isls.  of  the  Hebrides, 
Scotland. 

RoNALDSHAY  (North),  an  island  of  the 
Orkneys,  Scotland,  &  the  most  N.  of  that 
group. II.  {South),  is,  excepting  Pent- 
land  Skerries,  the  most  S.  isl.  of  the 
group.     Area  about  18  sq.  m.     P.  3,194. 

RoNCAi.,  a  valley  of  Spain,  Navarre. 

RoNcEsvALLES,  a  frontier  village  of 
Spain,  Navarre,  22  m.  N.E.  Pamplona, 
in  a  gorge  of  the  Pyrenees.  Here  it  is 
traditionally  said  that  the  rear-guard  of 
Charlemagne's  army,  under  Roland,  was 
defeated  &  destroyed  in  778 ;  &  the  sub- 
ject is  celebrated  in  many  Spanish  ro- 
mances. 

RoNGiGLioNE,  a  town  of  Central  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta.,  11  m.  S.S.E.  Viterbo,  on  the 
lake  of  Vico.     P.  4,600. 

RoNCO,  a  river  of  Central  Italy,  Tus- 
cany, &  Pontif.  sta.,  enters  the  Adriatic 
sea.     L.  50  m. 

RoNco,  several  vills.  of  N.  Italy,  the 

principal  being 1,  gov.  Venice,  14  m. 

S.E.  Verona.     P.  2,000. II.  {R.-Biel- 

lese),  Piedmont,  7  m.  E.  Biella.    P.  1,345. 

III.  prov.  &   17  m.  W.   Ivrea.     P 

1,954. — Ronco  is  also  a  vill.  of  Swit^r- 
land. 

RoNCQ,,  a  comm.  &,  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Nord,  7  m.  N.  Lille.     P.  1,140. 


I*?!^*^-,-  'v-l 


662 


CYCLOP-iEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


RoNDA,  a  city  of  Spain,  prov.  Malaga, 
42  m.  N.  Gibraltar.  P.  15,943.  It  occu- 
pies precipitous  heights,  on  the  Gruadiaro, 
across  the  bed  of  which,  from  200  to  300 
feet  above  the  river,  are  three  bridges, 
one  having  a  single  arch  110  ft.  in  span. 

RoNDissoNE,  or  RoNDizzoNE,  a  mkt. 
town  of  Piedmont,  18  m.  N.E.  Turin.  P. 
of  coram.  1,933. 

RoNDOUT,  cr.,  flows  into  the  Hudson  r. 
in  Ulster  co. — Rondout,  vill.,  near  the 
mouth  of  this  cr..  is  a  place  of  considera- 
ble business.     P.'  1,600. 

RoNNE,  a  seaport  town  of  Denmark, 
on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island  Bornholm, 
in  the  Baltic.     P.  4,300. 

RoNNEBURG,  a  walled  town  of  G-erma- 
ny,  Saxe-Altenburg,  4  m.  E.S.E.  Gera. 
P.  5,001. 

RoNNEBY,  a  mkt.  town  of  Sweden,  12 
m.  N.W.  Carlskrona.     P.  L600. 

RoNSBERG,  a  mkt.  town  of  Bohemia, 
23  m.  W.N.W.  Klattau,  with  1,928  inhabs. 

RoNSDOUF,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
3  m.  S.E.  Elberfeld.     P.  3,690. 

Rook's  Island,  Pacific  ocean,  is  betw. 
Papua  &  j^few  Britain. 

RoosEBEKE,  two  villages  of  Belgium, 

prov.  AV.  Flanders. 1.  (Oost),  on  the 

Lys,    8    miles    N.N.E.    Courtrai. II. 

(West),  14  m.  N.W.  Courtrai,  &  where 
the  French  defeated  the  Flemings  in 
1832. 

Root,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
2,736. 

RoOTSTOwN,  p-t.,  Portage  co.  0.  P. 
1,112. 

RopsHA,  a  vill.  of  Russia,  25  m.  S.AV. 
St.  Petersburg,  with  an  imperial  palace, 
in  which  Peter  the  Great  died,  1725. 

RoQUE   (La),   a  headland   of  France, 

dep.  Seine  Inf. II.   (R.-Timbaut),  a 

comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Lot-et-Garonne,  8  m. 
N.E.  Agen.     P.  1,293. 

RoQUEBROu  (La),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Cantal,  on  the  Cere,  12  m. 
W.  Aurillac.     P.  1,375. 

RoauEBRUNE,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  5  m.  W.  Frejus.  P.  1,998.— ia 
Roquebrussane  is  a  comm.  &  town,  dep. 
Var,  15  m.  N.  Toulon.     P.  1,411.    . 

RoauEcoR,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn-et-Garonne,  15  m.  N.N.W. 
Moissac.  P.  1,275. — Roquecourbe  is  a 
mkt  town,  dep.  Tarn,  19  m.  S.S.E.  Albi. 
P.  1,613. 

RoauEFORT,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Landes,  13  m.  N.E.  Mont-de-Mar- 
gan.     P.  1,721. 

RoQUEMAURE,  a  comm. '  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Gard,  25  m.  N.E.  Nimes. 
P.  2,896.- 


RoQUEs  (Los),  a  group  of  isls.  in  the 
Caribbean  sea,  belonging  to  Venezuela. 

RoQUETAs,  a  maritime  vill.  of  Spain, 
11  m.  S.W.  Almeria,  on  the  bay  of  Al- 
meria.     P.  2,072. 

RoQUEVAiHE,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  B.  du  Rhone,  11  m.  E.N.E. 
Marseille.     P.  1,534. 

RoRAAs,  a  mining  town  of  Norway, 
67  miles  S.E.  Trondhjem.  P.  3,000.  It 
yields  annually  a  great  amount  of  copper 
ore. 

RoHAiMA,  a  mountain  of  Brit.  Guiana, 
lat.  5°  30'  N.,  Ion.  61°  10'  W. 

RoRBACH,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Moselle.     P.  1,208. 

RoEEE,  a  town  of  Scinde,  on  1.  b.  of 
the  Indus.     P.  8,000. 

RoROTONGA,  an  island  of  the  Pacific 
ocean.  Cook's  islands. 

Rorschach,  a  town,  &  the  principal 
corn  mart  of  E.  Switzerland,  7  m.  N.E. 
St.  Gall,  with  a  harbor  on  the  lake  of 
Constance. 

Rosa  (Santa),  a  town  of  S.  America, 
New  Granada,  40  m.  E.  Antioquia.     It 

has  rich  gold  mines.^ II.  Mexico,  dep. 

&  32  m.  N.  Coahuila.     P.  4,000.(7) 

III.  Chile,  40  m.  N.N.E.  S;intiago. 

IV.  an  island  off  the  coast  of  Upper  Cal- 
ifornia, 35  m.  S.AV.  Santa  Barbara. 

Rosa  Moeada.  a  town  of  the  Mexican 
confed.,  dep.  Sinaloa.     P.  4,000. 

RosARio,  a  small  isl.  of  the  Arzobispo 

group,  Pacific  ocean. II.  a  town  of 

the  Plata  confed.,  S.  Amer.,  190  m.  N.AV. 
Buenos  Ayres,  on   the  W.  bank  of  the 

Parana. III.  a  riv.,  Mexican  confed., 

&  a  vill,,  Texas. 

RosARio  OE  CucuTA,  a  town  of  South 
America,  New  Granada,  on  the  river 
Zulia.     P.  5,000. 

RosARNO,  a  mkt.  town  of  Naples,  6  m. 
N.E.  Gioja.     P.  1,500. 

Rosas,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  27  m. 
N.E.  Gerona.     P.  2,580. 
~.  Rosate,   a  market  town  of  N.  Italy, 
13  m.  N.W.  Pavia. 

RosBEHCON,  a  vill.  of  Ireland,  Leinster, 
CO.  Kilkenny.     P.  1,538. 

Roschitz,  a  market  town  of  Lower 
Austria,  30  m.  N.W.  Korneuburg.  P. 
1,267. 

Roscoff,  a  comm.  &  maritime  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Finistere,  opposite  the  isl. 
Bas,  13  miles  N.W.  Morlaix.  P.  1,303. 
Here  Mary,  queen  of  Scots,  embarked  to 
espouse  the  French  dauphin  in  1558. 

Roscommon,  an  inland  co.  of  Ireland, 
Connaught.  Area,  969  sq.  m.  Soil  gen- 
erally very  fertile,  &  the  pastures  are 
fine.    Bogs  comprise  100,000  acres. 


bos] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


663 


II.  a  market  town,  cap.  above  co.  P. 
3,439. 

RoscoE,  p-v.,  Coshocton  co.  0.,  84  m. 
from  Columbus.     P.  500. 

RoscREA,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  co.  Tipperary,  7  m.  W.  Borris- 
in-Ossory.     P.  5,275. 

Rose,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.  N.  Y.    P.  2,264. 

II.  t.,   Jefferson  co.  Pa.     P.  1,421. 

III.  t.,  Carroll  co.  0.     P.  1,593. 

Rose  (Sainte),  a  maritime  town  of 
Guadeloupe,  on  its  N  coast,  10  m.  S.W. 
Port  Louis.    P.  4,156,  of  whom  3,339  are 

slaves. II.  a  town  of  the  isl.  Bourbon, 

on  E.  coast,  31  m.  S  E.  St.  Denis.  P.  1,878. 

Roseau,  the  principal  town  of  the  isl. 
Dominica,  British  W.  Indies.     P.  5,000. 

Rose  Island,  an  isl.  of  the  Bahamas, 

E.^ew  Providence. II.  an  isl..  Pacific 

ocean.  Navigators  isls. 

RosELL,  a  market  town  of  Spain,  43  m. 
N.N.E.  Castelion-de-la-Plana.  P.  2,425. 
— Rosello  is  a  market  town  of  Naples. 

Rosemary  Island,  Dampier  archip., 
W.  Australia. 

RosENAtr,  a  town  of  N.  Hungary,  co. 
&  15   m.  N.E.  Gomor,  on  the  Sajo.     P. 

6,908. II.   a   frown   of  Transylvania, 

Saxon   land,  7  m.   S.W.  Kronstadt.     P. 

4,010. III.  a  vill..  Lower  Austria,  5 

m.  W.  Zwettel. IV.  duchy  Saxe-Co- 

burg,   5  m.  N.E.  Coburg. 

Rosenberg,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
25  m.   E.N.E.  Oppeln,  at  the  source  of 

the  Stober.   P.  2,300. II.  (Pol.  Susz), 

a  town  of  W.  Prussia,   17  m.  E.  Marien- 

Averder.     P.  2,389. III.  a  mkt.  town 

of  N.  Hungary,  23  m.  N.N.E.  Neusohl. 

P.  2,532. IV.  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circ. 

&  22  m.  S.S.W.  Budweis.     P.  1,223. 

RosENFELD,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
.10  m.  N.E.  Rottweil.     P.  1,302. 

Rosenheim,  a  town  of  Upper  Bavaria, 
32  m.  S.E.  Munich.     P.  2,240. 

Rosenthal,  several  market  towns  of 

Germany. 1.  Bohemia,  on  the  Lom- 

nitz,  23  miles  N.N.W.  Pisek. II.  H. 

Cassel,  12  m.  N.N.E.  Marburg.  P.  1,597. 
III.  Bohemia,  circ.  &  18  m.  S.  Bud- 
weis.   P.  572. 

RosETO,  two  market  towns  of  Naples. 

1.    11  m.  W.  Troja.     P.  4,000. 

II.  on  the  gulf  of  Taranto,  21  m.  N.E. 
Cassano.     P.  800. 

RosETTA,  a  seaport  town  of  Lower 
Egypt,  on  the  W.  arm  of  the  Nile,  at  its 
delta,  40  m.  N.E.  Alexandria.  P.  4,000. 
It  has  still  a  thriving  general  trade,  & 
some  manufs. 

RosHEiM,  a  comm.  &  walled  town  of 
France,  dep.  Bas-Rhin,  14  miles  S.W. 
Strasbourg.    P.  3,656. 


RosiEBEs,  several  comms.  &  vills.  of 

France. 1,  dep.  H.  Loire.  8  m.  N.N.E. 

Le  Puy.    P.  2,750. II.  (aux  Salines), 

a  town  in  the  dep.  Meurthe,   9  m.  S.E. 

Nancy.    P.  2,091. III.  a  town  in  the 

dep.  Somme,  18  m.  E.S.E.  Amiens.  P. 
2,496. — Les  Rosters  is  a  comm.  &  market 
town,  dep.  Maine-et-Loire,  18  m.  S.E. 
Angers.     P.  1,080. 

RosiGNANO,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.  Italy, 
Piedmont,  16  m.  N.W.  Alessandria.  JP. 
2,310.      . 

RosLifu,  a  town  of  Germany,  on  the 
Elbe,  at  the  influx  of  the  Roslau,  4  m. 
N.  Dessau.     P.  1,600. 

RosLAVL.  a  town  of  Russia,  69  m. 
S.S.E.  Smolensk.     P.  3,965. 

RosMANiNHAL,  a  small  fortified  town 
of  Portugal,  65  m.  S.S.E.  Guarda. 

RosNAu,  a  market  town  of  Moravia, 
20  m.  E.S.E.  Weisskirchen.     P.  2,275. 

Rosnv-stjr-Seine,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  4  miles  W. 
Mantes.  P.  674.  Near  it  is  the  fine 
chateau  in  which  Sully,  minister  of  Hen- 
ri IV.  was  born.— iZosT?]/  is  a  comm.  & 
vill.,  dep.  Seine. 

Ross,  a  mkt.  town  of  England,  co.  &  12 

m.  S.S.E.  Hereford.     P.  3,773. IL  S. 

CO.  0.     Area,  650  sq.  m.     Cap.  Chillico- 

the.     P.    32,074. III.   t.,    Alleghany 

CO.  Pa.     P.  1,675. IV.  p-t.,  Butler  co. 

0.     P.  1,337. 

Ross,  numerous  localities  in  Ireland. 

Ross,  or  Roscahbery,  a  mkt.  town, 
episcopal  see  of  Ireland,  Munster,  co. 
Cork.     P.  1,530. 

Ross  (New),  river-port,  town  of  Ire- 
land, Leinster,  co-.  Wexford,  13  m.  N.N.E. 
Waterford.  P.  7,133.  It  is  mostly  well 
built,  &  enclosed  by  old  walls;  has  a 
quay  650  yards  in  length,  which  vessels 
of  600  tons  can  reach  at  high  tides. 

Ross  &  Cromarty,  a  co.,  extending 
across  the  N.  part  of  Scotl.,  from  sea  to 
sea.  Area  estimated  at  2,953  sq.  m^,  of 
which  560  sq.  m.  are  in  the  Hebrides,  344 
belong  to  Cromarty,  &  9^  to  Nairn.  P. 
82,623. 

RossA,  a  market  town  of  Russia,  35  m. 
S.E.  Grodno.     P.  1,500. 

RossANA,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  8  m. 
S.S.W.  Saluzzo.     P.  2,079. 

RossANO,  a  town  of  Naples,  17  miles 
W.N.W.  Cariati.     P.  8,000. 

RossBACH,  several  vills.  of  Germany. 

1.  Bohemia,  27m.W.N.W.  Elnbogen. 

P.  2,954. II.  H.  Darmstadt,  ISm.N. 

Frankfiirt.     P.    230. III.    Prussian 

Saxony,  17  m.  S.  Halle.  Here,  on  the  5th 
November,  1757,  Frederick  the  Great 
defeated  the  French  &  Imperialists. 


664 


CYCLOPEDIA     OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[rot 


HossEL,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  52  m. 
S.S.E.  Konigsberg,  cap.  circ.     P.  2,900. 

PlOssie,  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  1,471. 

EossiENA,  a  town  of  Eussia,  gov.  & 
100  m.  W.N.W.  Vilna.     P.  5,770. 

RossiGNOL  Lake,  Nova  Scotia,  Qu'n's 
CO.,  30  ui.  S.S.E.  Annapolis,  is  about  11 
miles  in  length. 

KossLA,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
10  m.  W.  Sangershausen.     P.  1,660. 

EossLEBEN,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, 25  m.  W.  Merseburg,  with  1,815 
inha.bs. 

RosswEiN,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the 
MuMo,  5  m.  W.N.W.  Nossen.    "P.  4,972. 

RossviLLEj  p-t.,  Butler  co.  0.  P. 
1,143.  - 

EosTAK,  an  inland  town  of  S.  Arabia, 
63  m.  W.  Muscat. 

Rostock,  a  commercial  city  &  seaport 
of  W.  Germany,  Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 
on  the  Warnow,  9  m.  from  its  mouth  in 
the  Biiliic.  P.  20,266.  It  is  enclosed  by 
ancient  walls,  &  consists  of  an  old,  a  mid- 
dle, &  a  new  town,  frith  several  suburbs. 

Rostov,   two  t(5wns   of  Russia. 1. 

gov.  &  225  m.  E.S.E.  Ekaterinoslav,  on 
rD.  b.  of  the  Don,  22  m.  above  its  mouth 
in  the  sea  of  Azov.  P.  8,000.  It  is  well 
built,  &   defended  by  a   strong   fortress. 

II.  37  m.  S.S.W.  Jaroslavl,  cap.  circ, 

on  Lake  Nero.  P.  6,000.  It  is  enclosed 
by  earthen  ramparts.  Its  annual  fair  is 
often  frequented  by  about  45,000  per- 
sons ;  &  at  it  goods  to  the  amount  of 
8,500.000  rubles  are  sometimes  sold. 
This  town  is  mentioned  in  history  as 
early  as  a.d.  991. 

Rost-Raver,  a  township,  Westmore- 
land CO.  Penn.     P.  1,880. 

RosTRENEN,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Cutes-du-Nord,  25  m.  S  S.W.  Guin- 
gamp.     P.  1,168. 

Rota,  a  marit.  town  of  Spain,  6  miles 
N.N.W.  Cadiz.     P.  7,987. 

Rotas,  a  large  fort  of  the  Punjab, 
near  the  Jhylum,  104  m.  N.N.W.  La- 
hore. 

RoTASGUR,  a  town  &  fort  of  British 
India,  110  m.  S.W.  Patna. 

RoTGEN,  a  vill.  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
10  m.  S.S.E.  Aix-la-Chapelle.     P.  1,560. 

Roth,  a  walled  town  of  Bavaria,  15 
m.  S.  Niirnberg.     P.  2,436. 

Rothenburg,  sevl.  towns  of  Germany. 

1.  H.  Cassel,  24  miles  S  S.E.  Cassel. 

P.  3,650.  It  consists  of  an  old  &  a  new 
town,  connected  by  abridge. II.  Han- 
over, 15  m.  N.E.  Verden,  on  the  Wlimme. 

P.   1,500. III.  Prussian  Saxony,    23 

m.  N.N.W.   Merseburg,  with   1,130  in- 


habs. IV.  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  3  m. 

N.W.  Lucerne. 

Rothenburg- an-der-Tauber,  a  town 
of  Bavaria,  31  m.  S.S.E.  Wurtzburg.  P. 
&,231. 

RoTHENFELS,  a  mkt.  town  of  Baden, 
on  the  Murg.     P.  1,357. 

Eothenkirchen,  a  vill.  of  N.W.  Ger- 
many, 5  miles  N.E.  Ovelgonne,  on  the 
Wescr.     P.  2,100. 

Rothenthurm,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland, 
6  m.  N.  Schvvytz.  Near  it  is  Morgarten, 
the  scene  of  a  total  defeat  of  the  Austri- 

ans  by  the  Swiss,   15th  Nov.  1315. IL 

a  pass  betw.  Transylvania  &  Wallachia, 
17  m.  S  S.E.  Hermannstadt-. 

Bother,  a  small  river  of  Engl.,  co. 
Sussex. II.  a  rivulet,  co.  Surrey,  en- 
ters the  Thames. 

Rotherham,  a  manuf.  town,  township 
of  Engl.,  CO.  York,  W.  Riding. 

Rothesay,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland, 
cap.  CO.  Bute,  at  the  head  of  a  beautiful 
bay  on  the  E.  sids  of  the  island,  30  miles 
W.  Glasgow,  p.  5,789.  It  is  modernly 
built,  &  being  protected  by  hills  on  the 
land  side,  &  having  a  mild,  soft  atmos- 
phere, is  much  resorted  to  by  seabathers 
&  invalids. 

Rotonda,  a  town  of  Naples,  19  m.  S.E. 
Lagonegro.  P.  3,400. — Rotondella  is  a 
vill.  adjacent.  —  Monte  Rotondo  is  the 
most  lofty  mountain  of  Corsica,  in  its 
centre,  8,760  feet  in  height. 

Eottenburg,  a  town  of  Wlirtemberg, 
on  the  Neckar,  12  m.  W.  Routlingen. 
P.  6,000. 

Rotterdam,  an  important  commer- 
cial city  of  the  Netherlands,  prov.  S.  Hol- 
land, at  the  eonfl.  of  the  Rotte,  with  the 
rt.  b.  of  the  Meuse,  or  Maas,  40  m.  S.S.W. 
Amsterdam.  P.  80,000.  The  city  is 
built  in  the  form  of  a  triangle,  one  side 
of  which  is  parallel  with  the  Maas.  The 
Boompjes  is  a  handsome  long  quay 
along  the  river  ;  the  houses  are  substan- 
tial k  well-built,  &  the  city  has  a  re- 
markably clean  &  striking  appearance. 
The  Hoog  Straat  (High  street),  is  built 
on  the  dam  which  embanks  the  Maas,  & 
separates  the  old  from  the  outer  or  new 
town  ;  the  princip.  streets  are  intersected 
by  canals,  which  are  lined  with  trees,  & 
crossed  by  drawbridges.  The  public  edi- 
fices are  the  cathedral  church  of  St.  Law- 
rence, built  1450,  with  a  magnificent  or- 
gan, &  the  tombs  of  Admirals  de  Witte, 

Kortenaar,  &  Van   Brakel. II.    p-t., 

Schenectady  eo.  N.  Y.     P.  2,446. 

RoTTi,  an  isl.  of  the  Malay  archipela- 
go, on  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Timor.  L. 
50  m.,  br.  20  m. 


row] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


665 


RoTTNEST  (Rat-Nest)  Island,  W. 
Australia.,  co.  Perth,  is  opposite  the 
mouth  of  Swan  river. 

RoTTUM,  an  island  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  the  N.  sea,  4  miles  S.W.  Borkum.  P. 
1,726. 

RoTTWEiL,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  14 
m.  S.  Sulz.     P.  3,710. 

RoTUMA,  an  island  of  the  Pacific  0., 
N.AV.  the  Friendly  Islands.  Circum.  18 
miles. 

RoTZ,  or  Retza,  two  towns  of  Ger- 
many.  1.  Low.  Austria,  43  m.  N.N.W. 

Vienna.      P.    1,900. II.   Bavaria,  30 

•m.  N.E.Ratisbon.     P.  1,253. 

RouANS,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Loire  Inf.,  10  m.  S.E.  Paiuiboeuf. 
P.  4,499. 

RouBAix,  a  comm.  &  flourishing  man- 
ufacturing town  of  France,  dep.  Nord,  6 
m.  N.E.  Lille.  P.  22,142.  It  has  a 
chamber  of  manufs.,  &  is  one  of  the  most 
industrious  &  thriving  towns  in  France. 
It  is  abundantly  supplied  with  water  by 
Artesian  wells. 

RouBiON,  a  r.  of  France,  dep.  Drume, 
joins  the  Rhone  at  Montelimart.  L. 
30  miles. 

Rouen,  a  city  of  France,  cap.  dep. 
Seine  Inf.,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Seine,  68  m. 
N.W.  Paris,  &  44  m.  E.S.E.  Havre.  P. 
91,046.  The  old  streets  are  generally 
narrow,  &  the  houses  built  of  wood  ;  but 
the  new  part  of  the  city,  especially  near 
the  quay,  is  very  handsome.  Chief  ed- 
ifice, the  cathedral,  a  splendid  monument 
of  Gothic  architecture,  containing  many 
fine  sculptures,  &  the  tomb  of  Richard  I. 
of  England.  It  is  the  birth-place  of 
Corneille  &  Fontenelle.  William  the 
conqueror  died  here  in  1087.  It  was 
taken  by  Henry  V.  of  England  in  1418. 
Joan  of  Arc  was  burned  at  Rouen  by  the 
English  in  1431,  &  a  statue  of  the  hero- 
ine has  been  erected  on  the  spot. 

RouEZ,  a  coram.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Sarthe,  17  miles  N.W.  Lemans.  P. 
2,371. 

RouFFAcn,  a  comm.  &  walled  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Rhin,  9  m.  S.  Colmar. 
P.  3,782. 

Rouge,  a  comm.  &  mafliet  town  of 
France,  dep.  Loire  Inf.,  6  m.  N.W.  Cha- 
teaubriant.     P.  2,272. 

RouGEMONT,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.   Doubs,  22  m.  N.E.  Besan- 

9on.     P.  L372. II.  a  vill.  of  Switz^er- 

land.  on  the  Saane,  28  m.  E.  Lausanne. 
T.  1,100. 

RouGNAT,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Creuse,  7  m.  E.N.E.  Aubusson.  P. 
2,228. 


RouiLLAc,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Charente,  13  m.  N.N.W. 
Angoul&me.  P.  1,654. — Rouille  is  a 
comm.  &  vill..  dep.  Vienne,  17  m.  S.W. 
Poitiers.     P.  2,537. 

RouJAN,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Herault,  13  m.  N.N.E.  Be- 
ziers.    P.  1,627. 

RouLEHS,  a  town,  Belgium,  11  miles 
N.W.  Gourtrai.     P.  10,277. 

RouPHiA.  a  river  of  Greece,  Morea,  is 
formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Carbonaro, 
Ladon,  &  Dogana  rivers,  drains  the 
whole  table-land  of  Arcadia,  &  enters 
the  Mediterranean.     L.  100  m. 

RousAY,  one  of  the  Orkney  islands, 
Scotland.     L.  4  m.,  br.  3  m. 

Rouse's  PoiNT,,p-v.,  Clinton  co.  N.  Y., 
on  W.  side  Lake  Champlain.  An  im- 
portant place  in  a  military  point  of 
view. 

Rouses  (Les),  a  comm.  &  frontier 
vill.  of  France,  dep.  20  m.  N.  Geneva. 
P.  1,545. 

RoussiLLON,  an  old  prov.  of  S.  France, 
separated  from  Spain  by  the  Pyrenees. 

II.  a   comm.    &   market  town,  dep. 

Isere,  cap.  cant.,  11  miles  S.  Vienne.  P. 
1,594. 

RouTOT,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Euro.     P.  1,101. 

RouvRAY,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  COte-d'-Or,  12  m.  W.S.W.  Semur. 
P.  1,165. 

RouY,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of  France, 
dep.  Nievre,  17  m.  E.  Nevers,  with  1,447 
inhabs. 

RovATO,  a  market  town  of  Lombardy, 
11  m.  W.N.W.  Brescia. 

ROVERBELLA  &    ROVERCHIARA,  2  mkt. 

towns  of  Lombardy. 1.   8  miles  N. 

Mantua. II.  16  m.  S.E.Verona. — Ro- 

vere  is  a  mkt.  town  of  Naples,  15  m.  S.E. 
Aquila. 

RovEREDO,  a  town  of  the  Tyrol,  on 
the  frontiers  of  Austrian  Italy,  cap.  circ, 
on  the  Lens,  13  m.  S.W.  Trent.  P.g,000. 
It  is  well  built,  &  commanded  by  a  strong 
castle. 

RoviGNO,  a  seaport  town  of  Illyria,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  Istria,  39  miles  SS.W. 
Trieste. 

RoviGO,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy,  38 
m.  S.W.  Venice.     P.  9,600. 

RoviLLE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Meurthe,  near  the  Moselle,  15  miles 
S.S.E.  Nancy. 

Rowan,  a  central  co.  N.  C.  Area, 
375  sq.  m.     Cap.  Salisbury.     P.  13,870. 

RowANDiz,  a  fortified  town  of  Turkish 
Kurdistan,  75  m.  N.E.  Mosul.  It  com- 
prises from  1,000  to  1,300  houses,  with  a 


666 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[rud 


crowded  pop.  The  Rowandiz  river  flows 
through  a  deep  liinestoue  ravine  to  the 
Zab,  10  ni.  distant. 

RowENSKO,  a  mkfc.  towniof  Bohemia,  18 
m.  N.E.  Jung-Bunzlau.     P.  1,564. 

RowLBV,  t.,  Essex  co.  Mass.     P.  1,203. 

RowNO,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
near  several  lakes,  115  m.  W.N.W.  Jito- 
mir.     P.  9,240. 

RowzAH,  a  town  of  India,  Dceean. 

RoxBORO,  t.,  Philada.  co.  Pa.  P.  6,000. 

RoxBOROuGH,  p-v.,  cap.  Person  co.N.  C. 

Roxburgh,  a  co.  of  New  S.  Wales. 
Area,  1,520  sq.  m.  P.  2,538.  Surface 
mntnous.,  but  interspersed  with  fertile 
tracts. 

Roxburghshire,  an  inland  &  frontier 
CO.  of  Scutl.,  having  R.  &  S.  the  Engl, 
cos.  Northumberland  &  Cumberland. 
Area,  715  sq.  in.     P.  26,451. 

Roxbury,  t.,  Norfulk  co.  Mass.  It  is 
joined  to  Boston  by  a  neck  of  larfd,  which 
constitutes  a  broad  av.,  &  may  be  consid- 
ered a  continuation  of  Washington  st. 
of  that  city.  It  has  many  beautiful  resi- 
dences. P.  18,364.  An  aoueduct  from 
this  township,  supplies  Boston  wich  water. 

II.  t.,  Litchfield  CO.   Conn.     P.   971. 

III.  p-t.,  Del.  CO.  N.  y.  ■    P.   2,853. 

IV.  t.,  Morris  co.  N.  J.     P.  2,231. 

Roy,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  co.  In- 
verness. 

RoYALsTON,  t.,   Worcester    co.  Mass. 

P.  1,667. II.  t.,  AVindsor  co.  Vt.     P. 

1,917. III.  p-t.,  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  P. 

4,024. IV.  t.,   Cuyahoga  co."  0.      P. 

1,051. 

RoYAN,  a  comm.  &  maritime  town  of 
France,  dep.  Charente  Inf.,  20  m.  S.W. 
Saintes.  P.  1,961. — Royauinont  is  a  v., 
dep.  Seine-et-Oiise. 

RoYBON,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Isere,  22  m.  W.  Grenoble. 
P.  2,638. 

RoYE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Somme,  23  m.  E.SE.  Amiens.    P.  3,764. 

II.  a  comm,  &  vill.,  dep.  Creuse,  23 

m.  S.  Gueret.     P.  2,541. 

RoYSTON,  a  market  town  of  England, 
cos.  Cambridge  &   Herts,   13  m.  S.SW. 
Cambridge.     P.  2,002 
'     RoYTON,  a  tnship.  of  Engl.,  co.  Lancas- 
ter.    P.  5,730. 

RozENBUEG,  a  fertile  isl.  of  the 
Netherlands,  8  m.  S.W.  Rotterdam.  L.  6 
m. ;  br.  IJ  m. 

RozOY,  several  comms.  &  small  towns 

of  France. 1,  (en  Brie),  dep.  Seine-et- 

Marne,  17  m.  N.E.  Melun,   P.  1,513. 

II.  {sur  Serre),  dep.  Aisne,  cap.  cant.,  25 
m.  N.E.  Laon.     P.  1,695. 

RsHEv-WoLODiMiROV,  a  town  of  Rus- 


sia, 74  m.  AV.S.W.  Tver,  on  the  Volga. 
P.  15,197. 

RuAD,  a  small  fortified  isl.  off  the  co9.st 
of  Syria,  S.W.  Tortosa. 

RuATAN,  an  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Hon- 
duras, off  the  N.  coast  of  Central  Ainer., 
lat.  16°  24'  N.,  Ion.  86°  19'  W.  L.  30  xa.', 
br.  8  ra.  P.  4,000.(?)  Surface  moder- 
ately elevated, well  wooded,  but  in  the  W, 
consisting  of  grassy  plains  ;  shores  abound 
with  turtles  &  fish.  Near  its  S.  extrem- 
ity is  a  good  harbor.  Great  Britain  has 
taken  possession  of  this  in  violation  of 
the  "  Clayton  treaty." 

RuBiANA,  a  market  town  of  Piedmont,  • 
18  m.  E.  Susa.     P.  of  comm.  3,179. 

Rubicon,  a  river  of  Central  Italy,  & 
flows  E.  to  the  Adriatic,  which  it  enters 
9  m.  N.W.  Rimini.  L.  20  m.  On  cross- 
ing this  celebrated  stream  with  his  army, 
Caesar  commenced  the  civil  war  which 
overturned  the  Roman  republic. 

RuBiELOs,  a  market  town  of  Spain,  19 
m.  S.E.  Teruel.     P.  2,476. 

RuBiBKA,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  7  m. 
W.N.W  Modena. 

RuBiEszow,  a  town  of  Poland,  gov.  & 
68  m.  S.E.  Lublin.     P.  1,700. 

RuBiNSK,  or  Rybinsk,  a  large  town 
of  Russia,  52  m.  N.W.  Jaroslavl,  on  r.  b. 
of  the  Volga.  P.  30,000.  It  is  a  great 
centre  of  the  internal  commerce  of  the 
empire.  20,000  barges  arrive  annually 
with  goods  to  the  value  of  250  million 
rubles. 

RuBLEVKA,  a  market  town  of  Russia, 
56  m.  W.S.W.  Kharkov.     P.  1,500. 

RuBTSERA,  a  mkt.  town_of  Russia,  10 
m.  B.  Izium.     P.  1,500. 

RuDBAR,  a  town  of  Persia,  35  miles  S. 

Rcsht. II.  a  vill.  &  dist.  of  Russian 

Transcaucasia. 

Ruddle,  a  tnshp.,  Arkansas,  Indepen- 
dence CO.     P.  3,669.  ^ 

RuDELSTADT,  a  town  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, 24  m.  S.  Leignitz,  on  the  Bober. 
P.  1,200. 

RuDERSWYL,  a  vill.  of  Switzerl.,  cant. 
&  13  m.  E.N.E.  Bern,  on  the  Emme.  P. 
2,256. 

RiJDESHEiM,  a  town  of  Germany,  on  r. 
b.  of  the  Rhine,  15  m.  S.W.  Wiesbaden. 
P.  2,509. 

RuDGEi.EY,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  &  8  m.  E.S.E.  Stafford.  P.  2,174. 

RuDKiOBiNG,  a  seaport  town  of  Den- 
mark, 9  m.  S.E.  Svendborg.     P.  2,200. 

RuDNiA,  a  market  town  Of  Russia,  76 
m.  N.N.E.  Moghilev,  on  the  Berezina. 
P.  1,600. 

RuDNiKi,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  15  m. 
S.  Vilna.     P.  1,550. 


run] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


66t 


RtTDOLSTADT,  a  town  of  Germany,  on 
the  Saale,  IS  m.  S.  Weimar.  P.  5,743. 
It  has  rnanufs.  of  woollen  cloth  &  porce- 
lain. 

RuDOMiN.  a  market  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  7  m.  S.E.  Vilua,  with  1,550  in- 
habitants. 

Rue,  a  comra.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Somme,  14  m.  N.W.  Abbeville.    P.  1,124. 

II.   a  river,   dep.  Cantal,  joins   the 

Dordagne. III.  avill.  of  Switzerland, 

cant.  &  20  ni.  SW.  Fribourg. — The. Rue- 
cas,  a  riv.  of  Spain,  Estremadura,  joins 
the  Guadiana.     L.  40  m. 

RifSDA,    2  sni.all  towns  of  Spain. 

I.   {del-  Almirante),  15   m.  E.S.E.  Leon, 

on  the   Esla.- II.  {de  Medina),  25  m. 

S  W.  Valladolid.     P.  2,501. 

RiTEiL,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Seiae-et-Oise,  at  the  foot  of  the  vine-clad 
Mont  Valerien,  near  the  Seine,  5  m.  W. 
Paris.  P.  3,937.  Here  is  the  chateau 
of  Malmaison,  the  residence  of  the  em- 
press Josephine. — Ruelle  is  a  vill.,  dep. 
Charente,  5  m.  N.E.  AngoulSme,- with 
a  large  cannon  foundry.     P.  1,508. 

RuFFEC,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Charente,  26  m.  N.  AngoulSme.  P. 
2,734. —  Ruffey  is  a  village  in  dep.  Jura, 
arrond.  Lons-le-Saulnier.     P.  1,452. 

RuFFiAC,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan,  7  m.  S.S.E.  Ploermel.  P. 
1,721. — Ruffigne  is  a  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Loire  Inf ,  arrond.  &  5  m.  IST.W.  Chateau- 
briant. 

RuFisauE,  a  maritime  town,  W.  Africa, 
a  little  E.  Cape  Verd. 

Rugby,  a  market  town  in  the  centre  of 
England,  co.  Warwick.  P.  23,473.  It  has 
some  vestiges  of  a  castle  built  in  the  reign 
of  Stephen,  an  ancient  church,  &  a  cele- 
brated public  school,  founded  in  the  time 
of.Queen  Elizabeth. 

RiJGEN,  an  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  belonging 
to  Prussia,  prov.  Pomerania.  Area,  361 
sq.  m.  P.  35,000.  The  island  is  well 
wooded.  Fisheries  are  important.  Paigen 
has  no  good  harbor,  but  it  is  a  favorite 
resort  for  sea  bathing.  Cap.  Bergen. 
Amongst  its  antiqs.  are  mounds  termed 
the  Ilunnergraber,  or  tombs  of  the  Huns. 

RuGENWALDE,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov. 
Pomerania,  19  m.  N.N.E.  Koslin,  on  the 
Wipper.     P.  4,250. 

RuGGLEs,  p-t.,  Huron  co.  0.     P.  1,245. 

RuGLEs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Eure,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Rille,  24  m. 
S.W.  Evreu.x.     P.  1,661. 

RuHLA,  <a  vill.  of  Germany.  Saxe- Wei- 
mar, 7  m.  S.S.E.  Eisenach.    'P.  3,500. 

RuHLANn.  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
18  m.  W.N.W.  Jloyerswerda.     P.  1,430. 


Ruhr,  a  river  of  Prussian  Westphalia, 
joins  the  Rhine.     L.  130  m.  ^ 

RuHRORT,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
16  ra.  N.  Diisseldorf.     P.  3,352. 

RuiLLE,  numerous  comms.  &  vills.  of 
France,  the  principal  R.  sur  Loir,  dep. 
Sarthe,  13  m.  S.S.W.  St.  Calais.    P.  1,455. 

RuiNES,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Cantal,  6  m.  E.S.E.  St.  Flour. 
P.  944. 

RuJANA,  a  market  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  gov.  &  68  m.  S.E.  Grodno.  P. 
1,500. 

RuKONi,  a  market  town  of  Russian 
Polani,  8  m.  E  S.E.  Vilna.     P.  1,800. 

RuLSK,  or  Rylsk,  a  town  of  Russia, 
63  m.  W.S.W.  Koursk.     P.  7,000. 

Rum,  a  mountainous  isl.  of  the  Inner 
Hebrides,  Scotland,  co.  Argyle.  L.  8  m. ; 
br.  7  m.     P.  124. 

Rum,  a  town  of  W.  Hungary,  10  m. 
S.S.W.  Sarvar. 

RuMA,  a  town  of  Civil  Slavonia,  35  m. 
N.W.  Belgrade.     P.  6,170. 

RuMBOWE,  an  inland  state  of  the  Malay 
peninsula.  Area,  nearly  400  sq.  m.  Es- 
tim.  p.  9,000. 

RuMBURG,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  42  m. 
N.N.W.  Juiig-Bunzlau.     P.  4,900. 

RuME,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  5  m.  S.W. 
Tournay,  on  the  French  frontier.  P.  2,000. 

RuMEGiES,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Nord.    P.  1,730. 

RuMFORD,  t.,  Oxford  co.  Me.    P.  1,414. 

RuMiLi,  the  metropolitan  prov.  of  the 
Turkish  empire,  at  the  S.E.  extremity 
of  Europe,  diricled  from  Asia-Minor  on 
the  S.E.  by  the  sea  of  Marmora,  &  the 
straits  of  the  Bosphorus  &  Dardanelles, 
having  W.  Macedonia,  N.  the  Balkan, 
separating  it  from  Bulgaria,  S.  the  Mgesm, 
&  E.  the  Black  sea.  Estim.  area,  28,009 
sq.  m.     P.  2,200,000. 

RuMiLi-HissAR,  fortr.  Europ.  Turkey, 
on  the  Bosphorus,  6  m.  N  E.  Constantino-    . 
pie,  founded  by  Mohammed  II.  in  1451. 

RuMiLLY,  a  town  of  Savoy,  on  an  affl. 
of  the  Rhone,  9  m.  W.S.W.  Annecy.     P. 

of  comm.  4,118. II.  a  comm.  &  vill. 

of  France,  dep.  Nord,  3  m.  S.  Cambrai. 
P.   1,818. — Rinninghem  is  a  comm.  & 
vill.,  dep.  Pas-de-Calais,   arr.  St.  Omer. 
P.  1,110. 
.    RuMLEY,  t.,  Harrison  co.  0.     P.  1,039. 

RuMMELSEURG,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Pomerania,  35  m.  E.S.E.  Koslin,  cap. 
circ.     P.  3,120. 

RuMNEY,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.     P.  1,116. 

RuNGHEN,  a  vill,  of  Russia,  gov.  Livo- 
nia, 29  m.  S,W.  Dorpat. 

RuNGPOOR,  a  dist.  of  British  India, 
presid.  &   prov.  Bengal,  in  N.E.  part. 


668 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[rus 


Area,  4,112  sq.  m.    P.  1,214,300.— Also, 

two  towns  of  British  India. 1,  cap.  of 

*  above   dist.,  125   m.  N.B.  Moorshedabad, 

■with  about  3,000  houses. II.  the  cap. 

town  of  Upper  Assam,  in  lat.  26°  55'  N., 
Ion.  94°  30'  E. 

Runnie-Ka-Kote,  a  large  fort  of 
Scinde,  near  the  Indus. 

RuNNVMEDE,  a  beautiful  meadow  on 
the  S.  bank  of  the  Thames,  England,  co. 
Surrey,  W.  of  the  town  of  Egham,  & 
memorable  as  the  place  where  the  barons 
in  1215  compelled  King  John  to  grant 
Magna  Charta.  . 

RuoTi,  a  market  town  of  Naples,  11  m. 
N.N.W.  Potenza.     P.  3,000. 

RupEL,  a  river  of  Belgium,  joins  the 
Scheldt,  8  ra.  S.W.  Antwerp. 

RupELMONDE,  a  t.  of  Belgium,  on  the 
Scheldt,  9  m.  S.W.  Antwerp.     P.  2,600. 

RuPEHT,  t.,  Bennington  co.  Vfc.  P. 
1,036. 

Rupert  River,  British  N.  America, 
enters  James  bay,  Hudson  sea.   L.  250  m. 

RuppiN  (New  &  Old),  two  contiguous 

towns  of  Prussia. 1,  cap.  circ,  on  the 

W.  side   of  Lake  Ruppin,   39   m.  N.W. 

Berlin.      P.  9,941. II.  circ.   &  2  m. 

N.E.  New  Ruppin,' nith  1,753  inhabs. 

Repununy,  a  river  of  British  Guiana, 
&  the  principal  tributary  of  the  Esse- 
quibo,  which  it  joins  about  200  m.  from 
the  const.     L.  250  m. 

Ruree,  a  town  of  Scinde,  with  a  mag- 
nificent uiosque,  &  about  1,000  inhabs. 

RuRic  Isles,  a  group  iu  the  Pacific 
ocean,  Palliser  isls. 

Rus,  a  town  of  Spain,  25  m.  N.E.  Jaen. 
P.  1,917. 

RusA,  a  town  of  Russia,  156  m.  W.  Mos- 
cow, on  an  affl.  of  the  Moskwa.     P.  2,500. 

RuscuMB  Manor,  t.,  Berks  co.  Pa.  P. 
1,189. 

Rush,  a  seaport  &  market  town  of  Ire- 
land, Leinstor,  co.  Dublin,  on  a  headland 
projecting  into  the  Irish  sea.     P.  1,603. 

Rush,  E.  CO.  la.  Area,  410  sq.m.  Cap. 
Rushville.  P.  16,445. II.  p-t.,  Mon- 
roe CO.  N.  Y.     P.  2,015. III.  t.,  Sus- 

queh  CO.  Pa.    P.  1,039. IV.  t.,  North- 
umberland CO.  Pa.     P.  1,028. V.  p-t., 

Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio.     P.  1,203. VI. 

t..  Champaign   co.  Ohio.     P.  1,226. 

VII.  t.,  Fairfield  co.  Ohio.     P.  2,424. 

RusHFORD,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  1,806. 

Rushulme,  atshp.  of  England,  co.  Lan- 
caster, 2J  m.  S.E.  Manchester.     P.  1,868. 

Rushville,  p-v.,  cap.  Rush  co.  Iowa. 

-il.  p-v.,  cap.  Schuyler  co.  111.     P. 

1,000. 

RusKOi,  a  town  of  Europ.  Turkey,  Ru- 


mili,  25  m.  N.  Grallipoli.     It  is  enclosed 
by  a  wall,  &  Siiid  to  contain  1,000  houses. 

Russ,  a  mkt.  town  of  E.  Prussia,  in 
the  Curis-che-Haff,  26  m.  N.W.  Tilsit. 
P.  2,159. 

RussA  (Staroi),  a  town  of  Russia,  38 
m.  S.  Novgorod,  cap.  circ,  on  the  Polista. 
P.  6,000.  Produces  annually  about  150,- 
000  puds  of  salt. 

RussELHEiM.  a  mkt.  town  of  Germany, 
on  the  Main,  13  m.  W.S.W.  Darmstadt. 
P.  1,422. 

Russell,   S.W.  co.  Va.     Area,    1,370 

sq.  m.    Cap.  Lebanon.    P.  11,919. II. 

E.  CO.  Ala.     Area,  865  sq.  m.     Cap.  Mc- 
Donald.    P.  19,548. III.  S.E.  CO.  Ky. 

Area,  260  sq.  m.     Cap.  Jamestown.     P. 

5,349. IV.  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 

P.    1,808. V.  t.,  Hampden  co.    Mass. 

P.  955. VI.  t.,  Putnam  co.  Iowa.     P. 

1,503. 

Russelville,  p-v.,  cap.  Logan  co.  Ky. 

Russia  (Empire  of),  is  the  largest 
state  in  the  world,  extending  in  Europe, 
Asia,  &  America,  betw.  lat.  47°  30'  & 
78°  20'  N.,  Ion.  18°  E.  to  130°  W.  Its 
surface  is  estimated  to  comprise  l-30th 
of  the  whole  superficies  of  the  globe,  l-7th 
of  its  lanii,  &  more  than  double  the  ex- 
tent of  Europe  ;  but  it  is  thinly  peopled, 
the  proportion  being  about  one  half  of 
the  relative  p.  of  the  globe.  The  cap.  of 
the  whole  is  St.  Petersburg.  Its  popula- 
tion now  is  about  67,000,000,  55,000,000 
of  whom  are  in  Europe.  The  Russian 
empire  contains  a  greater  number  of  dis- 
tinct races  than  any  other  country  ;  com- 
prising Slavonians,  Lettons,  Germans, 
Caucasians,  Jews,  Walachians,  Greeks, 
Persians,  Indiar  s,  Samoyedes,  'Tartars, 
Tunguses,  &  Turks.  The  established  re- 
ligion of  the  empire  is  that  of  the  Greek 
church,  which  is  estimated  to  comprise 
47,000,000  of  the  p.  It  is  bounded  E.  Joy 
Siberia  &  the  Caspian  sea,  S.  by  Asiatic 
Russia,  the  Black  sea,  &  the  Ottoman  & 
Austrian  empires,  W.  by  Moldavia,  Aus- 
tria, Prussia,  the  Ba,ltic,  &  Sweden.  &  N. 
by  the  Arctic  ocean.  The  surface  of  Rus- 
sia may  be  considered  as  one  vast  plain, 
enclosed  by  the  Ural  mntns.  on  the  E., 
the  Caucasus  on  the  S.,  &  partly  by  the 
Carpathians  on  the  W.  ;  it  opens  to  the 
Caspian  sea  on  the  S.E.  &  the  level  coun- 
tries of  N.  Germany  on  the  W. ;  through- 
out its  vast  extent,  it  does  not  contain  a 
single  mntn. ;  the  highest  point  betw.  the 
Baltic  &  the  Black  sea  near  Kremenetz, 
is  1,328  ft.  in  height;  the  Baltic  provs. 
have  a  mean  elevation  of  1,000  ft.  above 
the  Baltic.  The  centre  of  the  country  is 
occupied  by   a    dome-shaped    elevation 


^4iHf.^-^,'' 


RUS] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


669 


traversed  by  the  Valdai  hills,  the  average 
height  of  which  is  800  to  900  ft.,  &  the 
summit  1,100  ft.  above  the  sea;  these 
sink  rapidly  to  the  S.E.,  where  they  are 
lost  in  marshes.  Russia  is  traversed  by 
the  l.ivgest  rivers  in  Europe.  In  the  N. 
of  Russia  there  are  numerous  &  exten- 
sive Likes.  The  most  valuable  of  the 
salt  lakes  is  Elton  in  Saratov.  Among 
the  numerous  islands  belonging  to  the 
empire,  the  chief  are  the  group  of  No- 
vaia  Zemlia  (new  land),  in  the  Arctic 
ocean,  the  archipelago  of  Spitzbergen 
which  is  claimed  by  Russia,  Kalgouf,  & 
Waigatz  islands.  Geological  phenomena, 
confirmed  by  history  &  tradition,  war- 
rant the  conclusion  that  a  great  portion 
of  Central  Russia  was  under  the  sea  at  a 
very  recent  period.  The  isthmus  of  Fin- 
land, betw.  the  AVhite  sea  &  the  gulfs  of 
Finland  &  Bothnia,  a,  space  occupying 
500  m.  in  length,  &  400  in  breadth,  is 
covered  with  lakes  interspersed  with  rocks 
&  sand  hills  ;  while  in  the  S.E.  an  im- 
mense desert,  called  a  steppe,  extends  be- 
tween the  Ural  &  the  Volga,  estimated 
to  contain  330,000  sq.  m.  AV.  of  Ion.  46°, 
a  series  of  salt  lakes  occupy  a  hollow 
space,  which  probably  once  formed  a  por- 
tion of  the  Caspian  sea.  This  steppe  is 
exposed  to  the  greatest  extremes  of  cli- 
mate. Russia  produces  all  the  plants 
common  to  the  best  countries  of  Europe. 
Carn  is  raised  more  than  necessary  for 
consumption,  &  is  extensively  exported,  I 
although  agriculture  is  in  its  rudest 
state.  Rye  is  the  chief  crop,  &  is  very  j 
widely  raised ;  the  cultivation  of  barley 
extends  to  lat.  67°,  &  oats  to  lat.  62°  N. ;  \ 
wheat  is  grown  chiefly  in  the  Ukraine. 
The  countries  of  central  Russia,  in  the 
upper  basin  of  the  Volga,  are  the  most 
fertile  in  the  empire ;  &  its  middle  por- 
tion is  called  the  granary  of  Russia. 
Hemp  &  flax  are  extensively  raised 
chiefly  on  the  Upper  Volga ;  tobacco  is 
cultivated  principally  in  the  Ukraine; 
excellent  grapes  are  grown  in  the  Cri- 
mea, &  on  the  lower  course  of  the  Don  & 
Volga,  &  the  manuf.  of  wine  from  them 
has  been  recently  much  improved.  The 
mining  establishments,  whether  imperial 
or  private,  resemble  the  manufacturing 
towns  of  Europe,  &  the  manufs.  of  dam- 
asked steel  equals  that  of  Sheffield  or 
Birmingham.  Salt  is  extensively  made. 
The  coal  field  on  the  Donetz  is  estim.  at 
100  m.  long,  &  several  feet  deep.  Coal 
beds  of  immense  extent  were  discovered 
in  the  gov.  Moscow  in  1844.  Since  the 
time  of  Peter  the  Great,  the  progress  of 
manufs.  in  Russia  has  been  most  rapid. 


The  commerce  of  Russia  is  greatly  facili- 
tated by  its  numerous  navigable  rivers, 
&  its  vast  &  excellent  system  of  canals, 
by  means  of  which,  not  only  do  the  Bal- 
tic &  the  White  sea  communicate  with 
the  Caspian  &  the  Black  sea,  but  the 
great  lakes  &  the  principal  rivers  are 
united  into  a  complete  system  of  inland 
navigation.  The  great  railway  from  St. 
Petersburg  to  Moscow  recently  opened  is 
in  nearly  a  straight  lino,  &  400  m.  in 
length.  The  track  is  double,  of  5  feet 
gauge,  &  some  of  the  bridges  are  elevated 
above  the  water  from  125  to  175  ft.  The 
entire  cost  is  stated  at  $25,000,000.  Mos- 
cow is  the  centre  of  internal  commerce  ; 
and  the  chief  seaports  are  St.  Petersburg, 
with  Kronstadt,  Riga  on  the  Baltic, 
Archaugeton  the  White  sea,  Astrakhan 
on  the  Caspian,.  &  Odessa  on  the  Black 
sea.  In  Russia  all  power  emanates  from 
the  emperor  or  czar,  who  is  head  of  the 
church,  &  whose  authority  is  absolute ; 
all  rank  is  based  on  the  tenure  of  civil  or 
military  ofBce.  European  Russia  is  di- 
vided into  49  govs.  &  12  provs.,  besides 
the  country  of  the  Don  Cossacks,  a  kind 
of  military  republic,  the  grand  duchy  of 
Finland,  the  kingdom  of  Poland,  &  seve- 
ral countries  in  the  Caucasus,  Siberia, 
&c.  The  Russian  army  consists  of  640,- 
384  infantry,  &  101,692  cavalry.  The 
growth  of  Russian  power  is  in  part  shown 
by  the  following  statistical  data,  from 
the  Cologne  Gazette : — In  the  year  1462, 
the  Russian  empire  covered  an  area  of 
100,000  sq.  m.,  &  its  population  was 
6,000,000.  In  1584  the  numbers  were 
7,500,000  sq.  m. ;  population,  12,000,000. 
In  1689,  14,500,000  sq.  m.;  population, 
16,000,000,  In  1725,  10,500,000  sq.  m. ; 
population,  20,000,000.  In  1825,  50,000,- 
000  sq.  ra.;  population,  55,000,000.  In 
1851,  22,000,000  sq.  m. ;  population,  65,- 

000,000. II.    t,    Lorain    co.    0.      P. 

1,302. III.  p-t.,  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y., 

P."  2,298. 

Russia  in  Asia,  embraces  Siberia,  or 
the  whole  of  N.  Asia,  E.  of  the  principal 
crest  of  the  Ural  mountains  ;  &  the  re- 
gion of  the  Caucasus,  comprising  all  the 
countries  situated  between  the  Black  & 
the  Caspian  seas,  forming  a  great  general 
government,  the  cap.  of  which  is  Tiflis. 
It  is  subdivided  into  12  provs. 

Russian  America,  comprises  the 
whole  of  the  continent  of  iST.W.  America, 
W.  of  Ion.  141°  W.,&  a  strip  on  the 
coast  extending  S.  to  lat.  55°  N.,  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  British  America,  S.  &  W. 
by  the  Pacific  0.,  &  N.  by  the  Arctic  0.  ; 
&  the  following  island  groups  :    Prince 


670 


CYCLOPEDIA   OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[SAA 


of  Wales  island,  Duke  of  York  archipel- 
ago, George  III.  archipelago,  the  Kodiak 
islands,  &  the  Aleutian  isls.  The  princi- 
pal settlement  is  New  Archangel,  a 
small  town  with  1,000  inhabs.,  on  the  isl. 
Sitka^  the  largest  of  the  group  of  George 
III.,  which  is  called  Baranov  by  the  Rus- 
sians, &  was  named  George  HI.  by  Van- 
couver. 

Russian  Tartaey,  comprises  the  E. 
part  of  Europe,  &  the  W.  of  Asiatic 
Russia. 

Rust,  a  town  of  "W.  Hungary,  co.  &  10 
m.  N.N.E.  Oedenburg,  on  Lake  Neusiedl. 
P.  1,199. 

RusTCHUK,  a  fortified  city  of  European 
Turkey,  Bulgaria,  55  m.  E.  Nicopolis. 
P.  30,000. 

RuswARP,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
York,  N.  Riding.     P.  1,879. 

RuTE,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  a  fine  val- 
ley, 7  m.  S.S.E.  Lucena.     P.  7,840. 

RiJTHEN,  or  RuDEN,  a  town  of  Pruss. 
Westphalia,  18  m.  E.N.E.  Arensberg.  P. 
1,950. 

Rutherford,  S.AV.  co.  N.  C.  Area, 
1,025  sq.  m.  Cap.  Rutherford.  P.  13,550. 
A  p-v.,  on  a  ci'.  of  Broad  r. 

RuTHERGLEN,  a  pa.  of  Scotl.,  CO.  Lan- 
ark, on  the  Clyde,  3  m.  S  E.  Glasgow. 

Ruthin,  a  market  town  of  N.  Wales, 
CO.  &  7  m.  S.E.  Denbigh,  on  the  Clwyd. 
P.  16,758. 

RuTiGLiANO,  a  market  town  of  Naples, 
7  m.  W.N.W.  Conversano.     P.  5,000. 

RuTLAM,  a  town  of  India,  Gwalior 
dom,  48  m.  W.N.W.  Oqjein. 

Rutland,  S.W.  co.  Vt.     Area,  958  sq. 

m.     P.  33,059. II.  its  cap.    town,  is 

62  m.  S.W.  Montpelier.    P.  3,715. IIL 

t.,  Worcester  co.  Mass.    P.  1,260. IV. 

p-t,  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.     P.  2,265. 

V.  p-t.,  Meigs  CO.  0.     P.  1,410. 

Rutlandshire,  the  smallest  co.  of 
England,  bounded  S.E.  by  the  riv.  Wel- 
land.  Area,  152  sq.  m.  Surface  un- 
dulating &  finely  diversified  with  parks. 
P.  24,372. 

Rutledge,  p-v.,  cap.  Granger  co. 
Tenn.     P.  100. 

Rutnagherry,    two   towns  of  India. 

1,  presid.  &  140  m.  S.  Bombay. 

II.  Mysore,  58  m.  S.E.  Chittledroog. — 
Ruttungur  is  a  town  of  N.W.  Hindos- 
tan,  25  m.  E.S.B.  Odeypoor. 

RuTTUNPOOR,  two  towns  of  Hindostan. 
1.  Berar  dom.,  210  m.  E.N.E.  Nag- 
poor. II.  dom.  &  40  m.  S.  Baroda. 

RuuRLO,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands,  11 
m.  S.E.  Zutphen.     P.  2,532. 

Ruvo,  a  walled  town  of  Naples,  21  m. 
W.  Bari,  cap.  cant.     P.  8,000. 


RuYSBEOECK,  a  viU.  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Antwerp,  3j  m.  S  S.W.  Brussels. — Ruys- 
selede  is  a  market  town,  14  m.  S.S.E. 
Bruges.     P.  6,000. 

Ryan  (Loch),  a  bay  of  Scotl.,  in  its 
S.W.  part. 

Rybnik,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
50  m.  S.S.E.  Oppeln.     P.  2,730. 

Ryde,  a  maritime  town  &  watering- 
place  of  England,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the 
isle  of  Wight,  5  m.  S.W.  Portsmouth.  P. 
5,840. 

Rydroog,  a  town  of  British  India,  26 
m.  S.  Bellary. 

Rye,  a  cinque  port  &  town  of  England, 
CO.  Sussex,  on  the  Rother.     P.  12,352. 

Rye,   t.,    Rockingham   co.  N.    H.     P. 

1.295. II.  p-t.,  Westchester  co.  N.  Y., 

27  m.  E.N.E.  New  York.     P.  2,584. 

Ryebaugh,    a  town  of  S.  India. 

Ryegate,  t.,  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  P. 
1,223. 

Ryeghur,  two  towns  of  British  India. 

1.  65  m.  S.E.  Bombay. II.  prov. 

Gundwana,  50  m.  N.W.  Sumbhulpoor. 

Ryepoor,  a  town  of  Central  India, 
Berar  dom.,  150  m.  B.  Nagpoor. 

Rylsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  62  mile3 
W.S.AV.  Koursk,  on  the  Sem.     P.  7,000. 

Rymanov,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
15  m.  W.  Sanok. 

Ryp,  &  Rysbergen,  two  vills.  of  the 
Netherlands ;  the  former  in  New  Hol- 
land. 

Rypin,  a  town  of  Poland,  39  miles 
N.N.W.  Plock.     P.  2,080. 

Ryssen, 'a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
23  m.  S.E.  ZwoUe.     P.  2,700. 

Ryswick,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
2  m.  S.E.  the  Hague.  P.  2,324.  The 
famous  peace  concluded  herein  1697  be- 
tween France  on  the  one  part,  &  Ger- 
many &  England,  Spain  &  Holland  on 
the  other,  is  commemorated  by  a  pyram- 
idal monument. 

RzEszov\^,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia,  on  the  Wislok,  43  m.  E.  Tarnov. 
P.  4,494. 


s. 


Saal,  a  mkt.  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Saale,  6  m.  E.S.E.  Neustadt.     P.  1,068. 

Saalburg,  a  town  of  Germany,  30  m. 
S.W.  Gera.     P.  1,207. 

Saale,  three  rivs.  of  Germany. 1. 

Bavaria,  joins   the   Main,  after  a  S.W. 

course  of  70  m. II.  rises  in  Bavaria, 

&  joins  the  Elbe.  Total  course,  212  m., 
navig.  for  large  vessels  from  the  Elbe  to 


8AC] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


en 


Halle. III.  Upper  Austria  &  Bavaria, 

joins  the  Salza.     Total  course,  70  miles. 

Saalfeld,  a  town  of  Cent.  Germany, 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Saale,  41  m.E.  Meiningen. 
P.  4,369.  Here  Prince  Louis  Frederick 
of  Prussia  was  defeated  &  killed  by  the 
French  in  1806. — Alt- Saalfeld  is  a  vill. 
on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Saale. — Saal- 
felden  is  a  marl5;et  town  of  Upp.  Austria, 
28  in.  S.S.W.  Salzburg.     P.  1,222. 

Saalfeld,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  71  m. 
S.W.  Kdnigsberg.     P.  2,000. 

Saane,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  after  a 
N.  course  of  65  miles,  joins  the  Aar. 

Saanen,  a  mkt.  town  of  Switzerland, 
32  m.  S.W.  Bern.     P.  3,300. 

Saah,  a  town  of  Moravia,  18  m.  N.E. 
Iglau.     P.  2,962. 

Saarbhijck,  a  t.  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
40  m.  S  S.E.  Treves,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Saar. 
P.  8,624. 

Saarburg,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia., 
11m.  S.S.W.  Treves.     P.  2,060. 

Saar-Louis,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 30  m.  S.S.E.  Treves,  on  l.b.  of  the 
Sarre.  P.  4,380.  It  belonged  to  France 
till  1815,  &  forms  an  important  border 
fortress.     Birth-place  of  Marshal  Ney. 

Saar-Union  BoNdUENOM,  a  comm.  &, 
town  of  France,  dep.  B.  Rhin,  18  m.  N.  W 
Saverne.     P.  4,257. 

Saarn,  a  vill.  of  Rhenish  Prussia.  14 
m.  N.N.E.  Diisseldorf.     P.  2,320. 

Saarwellingen,  a*narket  town  of 
Rheaish  Prussia,  29  miles  S.S.E.  Treves. 
P.  1,457. 

Saatz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  13  miles 
W.N.W.  Prague.     P.  4,990. 

Saba,  one  of  the  Dutch  W.  India  isls., 
18  m.  N.W.  St.  Eustatius.  Area,  15  sq. 
m.     P.  1,617. 

Sabadell,  a  town  of  Spain,  10  m.  N. 
Barcelona.     P.  4,720. 

Sabanjah,  a  town  &  small  lake  of  Asia- 
Minor,  Anatolia. 

Sabara,  a  city  of  Brazil,  on  rt.  b.  of 
the  Rio-Velhas,  2,300  feet  above  the  sea, 
40  m.  If.N.W.  Ouro  Preto.     P.  5,000. 

Sabathoo,  a  small  town  of  N.W.  In- 
dia, 30  m.  S.S.E.  Belaspoor. 

Sabbionetta,  a  town  of  Lombardy, 
18  m.  S.W.  Mantua.    P.  7,000. 

Sabboe,  a  petty  town  of  Norway,  27 
m.  S.E.  Trondbjem. 

Sabtermutty,  a  river  of  W.  Hindostan, 
&  enters  the  head  of  the  gulf  of  Cambay, 
by  a  wide  mouth,  15  miles  W.  Cambay. 
Total  course,  200  miles. 

Sabina,  an  old  prov.  of  the  Pontif.  sta. 

Sabinas,  a  river  of  the  Mexican  con- 
fed.,  joins  the  Rio  G-rande  del  Norte. 

Sabine  Riveh,  forms  for  nearly  180 


m.  N.,  the  boundary  line  between  Louis- 
iana &  Texas,  &  enters  the  head  of  Sa- 
bine bay,  an  inlet  of  the  gulf  of  Mexico, 
30  m.  in  length  by  13  m  across,  having 
a  bar  at  its  mouth,  with  8  or  9  feet  water. 
The  river  is  navig.  by  steamboats  fur  a 

great  part  of  its  course. II.  S.W.  pa. 

La.     P.   4,515. in.  CO.    Texas.      P. 

2,498. 

Sabioncello,  a  mntnous.  peninsula  of 
Dalmatia,  25  m.  N.W.  Ragusa.  L.  43 
m.,  av.  br.  4  miles. 

Sabiote,  a  town  of  Spain,  35-m.  N.E. 
Jaen.     P.  2,652. 

Sable,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Sarthe.     P.  4,301. 

Sable  Island,  a  small  island  of  the 
Atlantic  ocean,  is  90  m.  S.E.  Nova  Sco- 
tia.— Cape  Sable  Island  is  off  the  S.W. 
extremity  of  Nova  Scotia. 

Sable  Rivee,  New  York,  enters  Lake 
Champlain  on  its  W.  side,  after  a  course 
of  45  miles. 

Sables-d'Olonne  (Les),  a  comm., 
town,  &  seaport  of  France,  on  the  bay  of 
Biscay,  21  m.  S.W.  Napoleon- Vendee. 
P.  5,686. — Sablonvilleis  a  vill.  of  France, 
a  N.W.  suburb  of  Paris. 

Sabrao,  an  island  of  the  Asiatic  ar- 
chipelago, separated  W.  from  Flores  by 
the  strait  of  Flores.  L.  40  m.,  gr.  br.  18 
miles. 

Sabres,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Landes,  19  miles  N.N.W. 
Monte-de-Marsan.  ~P.  2,524. 

Sabrina,  a  volcanic  isl.  of  the  Azores, 
which  in  1810  was  thrown  up  to. the 
height  of  400  feet  above  the  sea. — Sa- 
brina-Land,  Antarctic  ocean,  is  an  un- 
defined tract  seen  by  Balleny  in  1839,  in 
lat.75°S.,  Ion.  117°  E. 

Sabynina,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  16 
m.  N.N.E.  Bielgorod.     P.  1,000. 

Sabzawar,  a  fortified  town  of  Persia, 
65  m.  W.  Nishapoor. 

Sacandaga,  river.  New  York,  rises  in 
Hamilton  co.  &  enters  the  Hudson. 

Sacapulas,  a  town  of  Central  Amer., 
state  &  110  m.  N.W.  Guatemala. 

Sacatecoluca,  a  town  of  Central 
America,  state  &  28  m.  S.E.  San  Salva- 
dor.    P.  5,000. 

Sacatepec,  a  town  of  Central  Amer.,, 
state  Guatemala,  cap.  a  dep.  W.  Guate- 
mala.    P.  3,000. 

Saccatoo,  or  Sakatu,  a  large  &,  pop- 
ulous town  of  Central  Africa,  Houssa,  on 
an  affl.  of  the  Quorra,  in  lat.  13°  N.,  Ion. 
6°  E.  It  is  enclosed  by  lofty  walls,  &  en- 
tered by  12  gates. 

Sacco,  a  town  of  Naples,  6  m.  W.  Di- 
auo.     P.   1,800. II-   a  river,    Pontif, 


6^2 


CTCLOP^DIA    OF    GEOGRAPHl'. 


sta.,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  40  m.  joins 
the  Grarigliano. 

Sacedon,  a  town  of.  Spain,  27  m.  S.E. 
Guadaia,xara     P.  2,875. 

Sachem  (Grand),  mountain,  N.  Y. 
Height,  1,685  ft. 

Sachsa,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
48  ra.  N.N.W.  Erfurt.     P.  1,708. 

Sachsenberg,  a  town  of  Germany,  11 
m.  S.S.AV.  Corbach.     P.  1,000. 

Sachsenbukg,  a  mkt.  town  of  the  Au.s- 
trian  empire,  Illyria,  27  m.  N.W.  Villach. 

Sachsenhagen  &    Sachsenhausen, 

two   towns  of  Germany. 1.  Hessen- 

Cassel,    15  m.  N.E.  Rintlen.      P.  1,680. 

II.   principality  &  3  m.  N.W.  Wal- 

deck.    P.  946. 

Sachslen,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  lake  of  Sarnen. 

Sacile,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy,  & 
38  m.  N.N.E.  Venice.    P.  4,600. 

Sackee,  a  town  of  British  India,  34 
m.  AV.S.W.  Jubbulpoor. 

Sacketts  Harbor,  a  vill.  &  port.  New 
York,  on  Black  river  bay,  an  inlet  at 
the  E.  end  of  Lake  Ontario.  P.  3,000. 
It  has  an  excellent  harbor,  a  ship-yard, 
&  U.  S.  barracks. 

Saco,  a  riv..  New  Hampshire,  &3Iaine, 
enters  the  Atlantic,  24  m.  S.W.  Portland, 
after  a  S.E.  course  of  100  m.  Its  nav# 
igation  is  impeded  by  falls,  which  afford 

water  power  for  numerous  mills. II. 

a  township  &  port,  Maine,  on  this  river, 
6  m.  from  its  mouth;  some  handsome 
dwellings,  a  fine  beach,  coasting  &  timber 
trade,  &  various  mills  &  factories.  P. 
4,357. 

Sacramento,  the  principal  river  of 
California,  rises  near  lat.  42°  40'  N., 
Ion.  118°  20'  W.,  flows  S.S.E.  between 
the  Rocky  mountains  &  another  range 
parallel  to  the  coast,  unites  with  the  San 
Joachim  to  pour  an  united  stream  into 
the  bay  of  San  Francisco.  Total  length 
480  m.,  for  150  m.  of  whicli  from  the  sea 
it  is  navig.  for  boats,  &  for  vessels  to  New 
Helvetia  50  m.  from  its  mouth,  &  where 

it  is  800  feet  across. II.   {City),  t., 

California,  on  the  San  Joaquim.  It  was 
one  of  the  most  prosperous  towns  in  the 
state  till  the  2d  of  Nov.  1852,  when 
near  $5,000,000  worth  of  propertv  was 

destroyed  by  fire.    P.  13,680. III.  co., 

California,  watered  by  r.  of  same  name. 
— Colonia  del  Sacramento  is  a  small 
seaport  town  of  Uruguay,  S.  America, 
nearly  opposite  Buenos  Ayres. 

Sacrificios,  a  small  island  of  the  gulf 
of  Mexico,  3  m.  E.  Vera  Cruz. 

Sada,  a  walled  town  of  Arabia,  Yemen, 
145  m.  N.  Sana. II.  a  town  of  Spain, 


8  m.  E.  Coruna,  on  the  bay  of  Betanzos. 
P.  1,912. 

Saddleback,  a  mntn.  in  Cumberland, 
England,  4^  m.  N.E.  Keswick.  Elev.  2,787 
feet — A  mntn.  of  Mass.,  &  an  island  in 
Hudson  strait,  British  N.  America,  have 
the  same  name. 

Saddle  Island,  several  islets  of  the 
China  sea — Saddlehead  is  the  N.  ex- 
tremity of  Achil  island,  W.  Ireland  ;  & 
Saddle  peak,  a  mntn.,  Great  Andaman 
island,  bay  of  Bengal. —  Saddle  river, 
N.Y.     L.  18  m. 

Saddukeen,  an  island  of  the  sea  of 
Bab-el-Mandeb,  W.  Asia. 

Sado,  an  i.«land  in  the  sea  of  Japan, 
W.  Niphon.     Estim.  area,  720  sq.  m. 

Sadeas,  a  maritime  town  of  India, 
40  m.  S.S.W.  Madras. 

Sadree,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan,  50 
m.  S.E.  Odeypoor. 

Saefvar-an,  a  river  of  Sweden,  after 
a  S.E.  course  of  100  m.,  enters  the  gulf 
of  Bothnia. 

Saelices,  a  town  of  Spain,  31  m. 
W.S.AV.  Cuenca.     P.  2,010. 

Saens  (St.),  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  Eranee,  dep.  Seine  Inf.,  18  m.  N.N.E. 
Rouen.     P.  1,816. 

Safed,    a   town  of    Palestine,    pash. 

Acre,  12  miles  N.N.W.  Tabaria.     It  was 

lately  a  thriving  t.  of  8,000  or  9,000  inhabs. 

Saffelaere,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  8  m. 

N.E.  GhenL     P*2,650. 

Saffi,  Azaffi,  or  Asfi,  a  fortified 
seaport  town  of  N.  Africa,  107  m.  N.W. 
of  Morocco.  P.  12,000,  including  about 
3,000  Jews. 

Saffron- Walden,  a  market  town  of 
England,  co.  Essex,  24  miles  N.N.W. 
Chelmsford.     P.  20,708. 

Sagan,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
48  m.  N.W.  Lcdgnitz,  on"  right  bank  of 
the  Bober.  P.  6,696.  It  is  enclosed  by 
double  walls,  &  has  a  cnstle. 

Sagg-Harbor,  a  port  &  town  of  New 
York,  on  a  bay  of  same  name,  at  the  E. 
extremity  of  Long  Island.  P.  3,000. 
Chief  industry, whaling.  Tonnage,  20,405. 
Sagh-Ipoly,  a  mkt.  town  of  Hungary, 
32  m.  S.S.W.  Altsohl.  P.  1,350. — -I'l. 
a  vill.  in  the  co.,  <fc  8  rh.  S.S.W.  Temesvar. 
P.  3,683.    . 

Saghalin,  a  long  &  narrow  island  off 
the  E.  coast  of  Asia,  separated  from  the 
mainland  by  the  galfs  of  Tartary  &  Sag- 
halin, its  N.  par?  belonging  to  the  Chi- 
nese, &  the  S.  to  th6  Japanese.  Estim. 
area,  47,500  sq.  ni. 

Saghalin-Oola,  stownofManchooria, 
generally  considered  its  capital,  on  the 
Amour. 


ST,] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


673 


Saginaw,  N.E.  co.,  Mich.  Area,  1,031 
sq.  m.  P.  2,609. — Saginaw,  the  cap  , 
97  m.  N.  by  W.  from  iietroit,  has  great 
natural  advantages  — Saginaw  riv.,  flows 
N.  to  Saginaw  bay,  an  inlet  of  Lake 
Huron,  60  m.  in  length,  by  30  m.  across, 
containing  many  islands,  &  navig.  for 
ships  of  any  burden. 

Sagoarema,  a  maritime  vill.  of  Brazil, 
45  m.  E.  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

Sagees,  a  small  fortified  seaport  town 
of  Portugal,  on  a  peninsula  of  the  S. 
coast,  4  m.  S.E.  Cape  St.  Vincent. 

Saguenay,  a  large  river  of  Lower 
Canada,  tributary  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
the  estuary  of  which  it  enters,  120  m. 
N.B.  Quebec,  in  lat.  48°  6'  N.,  Ion.  69° 
38'  W.,  &  into  which  it  brings  the  surplus 
waters  of  Lake  St.  John.  Total  course, 
100  m. 

Saguny,  a  market  town  of  Russia,  20 
m.  W.N.W.  Pavlovsk.     P.  1,000. 

Sagy,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Loire.     P.  2,649. 

S  AHAGUN,  a  town  of  Spain,  31  m.  E.S.E. 
Leon,  with  2,312  inhab. 

Sahara,  or  the  Great  Desert,  a  vast 
region  of  N.  Africa,  extending  between 
lilt.  16°  &  33°  N..  &  Ion.  17°  W.  &  23° 
10'  E.  Bounded  E.  by  Egypt  &  Nubia, 
S.  by  Senegambia  &  Nigiitia,  W.  by  the 
Atlantic,  &  N.  by  Barbary.  It  consists 
of  an  elevated  table-land,  covered  with 
large  blocks  of  stone,  hard  baked  earth, 
gravel,  &  loose  sand  ;  &  in  many  places 
it  is  encrusted  with  salt.  It  is  the  great- 
est desert  on  the  globe,  but  numerous 
oases  &  habitable  spots  are  scattered  over 
its  surface,  the  largest  of  which  are 
Gadames  &  Tuat. 

Sai,  a  large  town  of  Senegambia,  state 
Bambarra,  on  the  JoUba. 

Saiansk,  a  fortified  post  of  Siberia, 
70  m.  S.  Abakansk.  About  90  m.  further 
S.  are  the  Saiansk  mountains. 

Said,  is  the  name  of  Upper  Egypt. 

Saida,  or  Sayda,  a  town  of  Saxony, 

17  m.  S.S.E.  Freiberg.     P.  1,165. 
Saida,   a  marit.  town  of  Syria,  pash. 

Acre,  on  the  N.  side  of  a  steep  promon- 
tory, extending  into  the  Mediterranean, 

18  m.  S.  Beyrout.  P.  6,000,  principally 
Mohammedans^  &  Greeks.  It  is  badly 
laid  out,  but  it  contains  many  good  houses. 

Sai-gon,  a  city  and  river  port  of  As- 
sam, Further  India,  on  the  river  of  Sai- 
gon, 35  m.  from  the  China  sea.    P.  180,- 
000.    It  consists  of  two  towns,  connected 
by  a  straggling   suburb ;    Pingeh,  with  ! 
the  citadel,  is  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Sai-  ' 
gon  ;  the  commercial  town  on  a  tributary  ■ 
stream,  navigable  for  large  boats.  j 

29 


Saihuh,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  about 
68  m.  from  Jeypoor. 

Sailim,  a  town  of  Chinese  Turkestan, 
prov.  Khoten.     P.  2,000.  ' 

Saillans,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Drome,  21  m.  S.E.  Valence 
on  the  Drome.     P.  1,943.  .        ' 

Sailoor,  a  town  of  India,  Deccan,  35 
m.  N.N.E.  Aurungabad. 

Saima  (Lake),  the  largest  lake  of 
Finland,  30  m.  N.W.  Wiborg.  Shape 
very  irregular ;  length,  N.  to  S.,  45  m., 
greatest  breadth  30  m. 

Sainghin,    two    comms.    &   vills.    of 

France,  dep.  Nord. 1,  (en  Melantois). 

P.  1,646. II.  (en  Weppes).     P.  2,019. 

Sain-kaleh,  a  vill.  of  N.  Persia,  92 
m.  S.S.E.  Tabriz. 

Sains,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  deto. 
Aisno,  19  m.  N.  Laon.     P.  1,793. 

Sainsk,  a  fortified  town  of  Russia,  50 
m.  S.W.  Menzelinsk,  on  the  Sai.  P.  1,500. 

St.  Albans,  t.,  cap.  Franklin  co.  Vt. 

P.  3,567. II.  t.,  Somerset  co.  Me.     P. 

1,792. 

St.  Andrews,  bay  &  sound,  on  the  S. 
coast  of  Fla.  It  extends  30  m.  into  the 
country;  is  easy  of  access,  &  has  18  feet 
of  water  on  the  bar. 

St.  Augustine,  city,  port  of  entry,  & 
cap.  St.  John's  co.  Fla.,  is  situated  on  a 
peninsula  2  m.  back  from  the  Atlantic 
shore.  It  is  healthy,  pleasant,  &  a  fa- 
vorite resort  of  invalids  from  the  N.  Its 
form  is  that  of  a  parallelogram,  fronting 
E.  on  Matanzas  sound.  The  city  is  1  m. 
long,  &  I  m.  wide.  Its  harbor,  though 
shallow  at  the  mouth,  has  a  good  depth 
within,  &  can  contain  a  large  fleet.  There 
are  extensive  barracks  here.     P.  1,934. 

St.  Bernard,  S.E.  pa.  La.  Area,  150 
sq.  m.     P.  3,802. 

St.  Catherines,  isl.  Ga.,  off  the  mouth 
of  Newport  river.     L.  10  m. 

St.  Charles,  pa.  La.    Area,  512  sq.  m. 

P.  5,120. II.  E.  CO.  Mo.     Area,  470 

sq.  m.  P.  11,454. — St.  Oiarles,  the  cap., 
is  a  p-v.  on  the  Mo.  river,  20  m.  N.  St. 
Louis.  P.  3,000.  St.  Charles  college  is 
here. 

St.  Claik.  N.E.  co.  Ala.    Area,  840 

sq.  m.    Cap.  Asheville.    L.  6,829. II. 

E.  CO.  Mich.     Area,  930  sq.  m.     P. 

— St.  Clair,  p-t.,  the  cap.,  is  on  St.  Clair 

strait,  48  m.  N.E.  Detroit.    P.  10,420. 

III.  S.W.  CO.  111.    Area,  648  sq.  m.    Cap. 

Belleville.     P.  20,181. IV.  S.W.  co. 

Mo.    Area,  828  sq.  m.    Cap.  Osceola.    P. 

3,526. V.   p-t.,   Bedford  co.  Pa.     P. 

1,488. VI.  t.,  Butler  co.  0.     P.  1,174. 

VII.  t.,  Columbiana  co.  0.   P.  1,739. 

'VIII.  CO.  Mo.    P.  3,556. 


674 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY.- 


[SAI 


St.  Clairsville,  p-v.,  cap.  Belmont 
CO.  0.    P.  1,500. 

St.  Ceoix,  r.,  constitutes  the  boundary 
betw.  Maine  &  New  Brunswick.     Navig. 

12  m.  for  large  vessels. II.  lake  &  r., 

Wis.    The  r.  enters  the  Mississippi. 

III.  CO.  Wis.,  S.W.  Lake  Superior.  P. 
624. — St.  Croix,  the  cap.  v.,  is  near  the 
head  of  St.  Croix  lake. 

St.  Ferdinand,  t.,  St.  Louis  co.  Mo. 
P.  3,079. 

St.  Francis,  riv.,  Mo.,  &  Ark.,  enters 
the  Ark.  riv.     Navig.  200  miles  at  high 

water. II.  S.E.  co.   Mo.     Area.,  425 

sq.  m.     Cap.  Farmington.     P.  4,964. 

III.  E.  CO.  Ark.     Area,  1,080  sq.  miles. 

Cap.  Franklin.      P.  4,479. IV.  town, 

Philips  CO.  Ark.     P.  1,000. 

St.  Francisville,  p-v.,  cap.  West 
Feliciana  pa.,  La.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Miss,  r.,  160  miles  above  New  Orleans. 
Great  quantities  of  corn  shipped.  P. 
1,000. 

St.  Genevieve,  S.E.  co.  Mo.  Area, 
400  sq.  m.  P.  5,313.  St.  Genevieve, 
p-v.,  the  cap.  is  on  the  Miss.  r.  Has  an 
extensive  trade  in  lead.     P.  718. 

St.  George,  t.,   Lincoln  co.  Me.     P. 

2,217. II.  hund.  Newcastle  co.  Del. 

P.  3,127. 

St.  Helena,  pa.,  La.,  in  S.E.  part  of 
the  state.  Area,  1,700  sq.  miles.  Cap. 
Greensburg.     P.  4,561. 

St.  James,  S.E.  pa.,  La.  Area,  250 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Briugiers.     P.  11,098. 

St.  John  Baptist,  S.E.  pa.,  La.  Area, 
260  sq.  miles.  Cap.  Bonnet  Carre.  P. 
7,317. 

St.  Johns,   B.  co.  Fla.     Area,   1,450 
sq.  m.     P.  2,525.     Cap.  St.  Augustine. 
St.  Johnsbury,  t.,  Caledonia  co.Vt. 
St.  Johnsville,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co. 
N.Y.     P.  1,627. 

St.  Josephs,  S.  co.  Mich.  Area,  528 
sq.  miles.     Cap.  Centreville.     P.  12,725. 

II.  N.  CO.  la.     Area,  468  sq.  m.  Cap. 

South    Bend.      P.    10,954. III.   p-t., 

Berrien  CO.  Mich.     P.  600. 

St.  Landre,  S.W.  pa.,  La.  Area, 
2,000  sq.  miles.  Cap.  Opelousas.  P. 
22,253. 

St.  Lawrence,  N.E.  co.  N.  Y.    Area, 
2,717  sq.  m.     Cap.  Canton.    P.  68,617. 
St.  Louis,  an  E.  co.  Mo.    Area,  550 

sq.  m.    P.  (in  1852)  123,853. II.  city, 

&  cap.  of  the  above  co.,  Missouri,  on 
r.  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  18  m.  below 
the  junction  of  the  Missouri,  &  1,130  m. 
above  New  Orleans.  It  stands  on  rising 
ground,  &  is  well  built.  Has  numerous 
churches,  of  which  the  R.  Catholic  cathe- 
dral deserves  particular  notice  ;    a  Rom. 


Catholic  convent,  two  orphan  asylums, 
the  St.  Louis  university  (R.  Cath.),  with 
a  large  library  ;  an  episcopal  college,  & 
chemical  laboratory  ;  numerous  acade- 
mies &  schools,  the  city-hall,  a  U.  States 
land-office.  U.  S.  arsenal,  a  theatre,  con- 
cert-hall, a  museum,  &  the  academy  of 
sciences,  with  an  extensive  museum  of 
natural  history  &  mineralogy.  P.  94,- 
819.  Tonnage,  34,065  46.  It  is  the 
principal  western  depot  of  the  American 
fur  company,  &  the  entrepot  of  a  vast 
extent  of  back  country.  A  vast  amount 
of  furs  of  every  description  is  here  col- 
lected; &  10,000  dried  buffalo  tongues 
have  been  brought  in  in  a  single  year. 
A  railroad  is  in  contemplation  from  this 
city  to  California.  The  business  of  St. 
Louis,  already  immense,  will  one  day 
equal  that  of  any  inland  city  on  the  globe. 
This  place  was  founded  in  1764  by  the 
French  from  Canada,  as  an  Indian  trad- 
ing post.  It  made  no  progress  while  un- 
der the  dominion  of  France  or  Spain. 

St.  Marks,  a  seaport  town,  Florida, 
on  the  St.  Marks  river,  near  where,  joined 
by  the  Wakully,  both  of  which  form  the 
Appalachee.  It  is  the  port  of  Tallahas- 
see, distant  20  m.  N.,  &  connected  by 
railway.  The  river  has  8  ft.  of  water  at 
St.  Marks. 

St.  Martins,  pa.  La.,  toward  the  S. 
part  of  the  state.  Area,  850  sq.  m.  P. 
11,107. 

St.  Martinsville,  p-v.,  the  cap.  is  on 
the  Bayou  Teche,  at  the  head  of  steam- 
boat nav.     P.  1,200. 

St.  Mary's,  S.W.co.  Md.  Ar«a,  200 sq. 

m.  Cap.  Leonardtown.   P.  13,698. II. 

S.  pa.   La.      Area,   870    sq.   m.       Cap. 

Franklin.     P.  8,808. III.  p-v.,  &  port 

of  entry,  Camden  co.  Ga. 

St.  Michaels,  t.,  Madison  co.  Mo.  P. 
1,518. 

St.  Tammany,  a  E.  pa.  La.  Area, 
972  sq.  m.    P.  6,364.     Cap.  Covington. 

St.  Thomas,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.  Pa.  P. 
1,725. 

Saintes,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Cha- 

rente  Inf ,  38  m.  S.E.  La  Rochelle.     P. 

7,969.     It  has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  & 

an  extensive  trade  in  brandy,  made  in 

its  vicinity,  &  called  Cognac.     It  was 

cap.  of  the  old  prov.  Saintogne.  St.  Louis 

I  defeated  the  English  here  in  1242. 

I      Saintes  (Les),  some  small  islands  of 

j  the  French  W.  Indies,  off  the  S.  extrem- 

I  ity  of  Guadeloupe.  They  were  discovered 

by  Columbus,  4th  Nov.  1495. 

Saintfield,  a  market  town  of  Irel., 
Ulster,  CO.  Down,  9  m.  S.S.B.  Belfast.  P. 
909. 


8Al] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


675 


Saintogne,  a  old  prov.  of  France,  in 
the  W.  of  which  the  cap.  was  Saintes. 

Sairee,  a  town  of  British  India,  27  m. 
N.W.  Bandah. 

Sais,  a  ruined  city  of  Egypt,  the  re- 
mains of  which  are  in  the  Delta,  on  B. 
bank  of  the  Kosetta  branch  of  the  Nile, 
20  m.  W.  Mehala-el-Kebir 

Saissac,  a  comm.  &  (jown  of  France, 
dep.  Aude,  14  m.  N.W.  Carcassonne.  P. 
1,761. 

Saitt^,  a  ruined  city  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia. 

Saiyadawala,  a  walled  town  of  the 
Punjab,  near  rt.  b.  of  the  Ravee,  N.E. 
Chouchuck. 

Saio,  a  river  of  N.  Hungary,  flows 
mostly  S.E.  &  joins  the  Hernad.  L. 
80  miles. 

Sajteny,  a  vill.  of  E.  Hungary,  22  m. 
W.S.W.  Arad.     P.  4,532. 

Sak,  a  large  &  populous  Tartar  vill.  of 
S.  Russia,  12  m.  E.S.B.  Eupatoria. 

Sakaii,  one  of  the  5  principal  cities 
of  Japan,  island  Niphon,  40  miles  S.W. 
Miako. 

Sakaing,  a  town  of  Burmah,  opposite 
Ava. 

Sakaria,  a  river  of  Asia-Minor,  Ana- 
tolia, enters  the  Black  sea.     L.  230  m. 

Sakayt,  a  large  mining  village  of 
Egypt,  in  the  S.E. 

Sakka,  the  principal  commercial  em- 
porium of  Enarea,  a  country  S.  of  Abys- 
sinia. 

Sakkara,  a  vill.  of  Egypt,  on  1.  b.  of 
the  Nile,  12  m.  S.  Ghizeh. 

Sakmara,  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the 
Ural.     L.  350  m. 

Sal,  one  of  the  Cape  Verdisls.,  N.N.W. 
Boavista.  L.  15  m. ;  br.  9  m.  P.  600. — 
Sal  Rey  is  another  island  of  the  same 
group.     L.  22  m.  br.,  18  m.     P.  3,300. 

Sal,  a  river  of  Russia,  Don-Cossack 
country,  joins  the  Don.     L.  250  m. 

Sala,  a  town  of  Central  Sweden,  21  m. 
N.  Westeras.     P.  3,000. 

Sala,  a  town  of  Naples,  3  miles  N.E. 
Diano.  P.  6,000. — Sali  di  Gioi  is  a  mkt. 
town,  4  m.  W.N.W.  II  Vallo.  P.  1,500. 

Salado,  several  considerable  rivgrs  of 

S.   America. 1.   Plata  confed.,   dep. 

Buenos  Ayres,  enters  the  estuary  of  the 
Plata,  95  m.  S-S.E.  Buenos  Ayres,  after 

a  course   of  400  m. II.  deps.  Salta, 

joins  the  Plata,  of  which  it  is  a  principal 
tributary,  210  m.  N.W.  Buenos  Ayres. 

Total  course   1,000  ra.- III.  Bolivia, 

enters  the  Pacific  ocean,  after  a  W.  course 
of  70  m. — Salado  bay,  Chile,  dep.  Co- 
quimbo,  is  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific,  S.  Co- 
piapo. 


Salagnac,  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Dor- 
dogne. 

Salahieh,  a  town  of  Lower  Egypt,  37 
m.  N.E.  Belbeis.     P.  6,000. 

Salahiyah,  a  ruined  town  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  on  the  Euphrates,  15  miles  S.E. 
Rahabah. 

Salama,  a  town  of  Central  America, 
state  &  65  m.  N.  Guatemala.  P.  5,000. 

Salamanca,  a  city  of  Spain,  cap.  prov., 
extending  up  rocky  heights  on  r.  b.  of  the 
Tormes,  here  crossed  by  a  magnificent 
bridge  of  27  arches  on  Roman  founda- 
tions, 45  m.  N.E.  Ciudad  Rodrigo.  P. 
12,870.  Great  part  of  the  city  within 
the  walls  is  in  ruins,  &  its  streets  are 
mostly  narrow,  steep,  crooked,  &  dirty ; 
but  it  has  some  fine  large  residences, 
venerable  edifices  in  all  styles  of  archi- 
tecture, the  largest  public  square  in 
Spain,  surrounded  with  arcades,  &  serv- 
ing for  a  bull-ring,  accommodating  16,000 
to  20,000  spectators,  &  several  open  spa- 
ces adorned  with  fountains.  It  has  a 
florid  Gothic  cathedral  of  the  16th  cen- 
tury, with  a  richly  decorated  interior,  & 

25  other  churches.  Salamanca  is  the  Ox- 
ford of  Spain,  &  in  1812,  it  had  25  col- 
leges. The  battle  of  Salamanca,  in 
which  the  English,  under  Wellington, 
totally  defeated  the  French  under  Mar- 
mont  &  Clusel,  22d  July  1812,  was  fought 
on  the  heights  of  Arapiles,  4  m.  S.E.  the 
city. 

Salamanca,  a  town  of  the   Mexican 

confed.,  dep.  &  20  m.  S.  Guanasuato. 

II.  a  long  &  narrow  island  of  New  Gra- 
nada, ofi'  the  mouth  of  the  Magdalena. 

Salamis,  an  island  of  Greece,  gov.  At- 
tica, in  the  gulf  of  Jjlgina,  10  miles  W. 
Athens.  Area,  30  sq.  m.  P.  5,000.  The- 
mistocles  gained  a  memorable  naval  vic- 
tory over  the  Persians,  b.c.  480.  Solon 
&  Euripides  were  natives  of  *lamis. 

Salandra,  a  market  town  of  Naples, 
12  m.  S.E.  Tricarico.      P.   1,900.      The 
Salandrella,    a  contiguous   river,  enters  ■ 
the  gulf  of  Taranto.     Course,  50  m. 

Salanga,  a  point  &  island  oflF  the  W. 
coast  of  S.  America,  80  m.  N.W.  Guaya- 
quil.-  II.  a  name  of  the  island  Junk- 

SEYLON. 

Salangore,  a  petty  state  of  the  Ma- 
lay peninsula,  stretching  for  about  120 
m.  along  its  W.  side.  P.  12,000.  The 
cap.  town  Salangore  is  on  a  river  near 
the  sea. 

Salankement,  a  vill.  of  Austria,  Sla- 
vonia,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Danube,  21  miles 
E.S.E.  Peterwardein. 

Salanty,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russ.  Poland, 

26  m.  W.N.W.  Telsh.     P.  1,200. 


676 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHr. 


[sal 


Salares,  a  t.  of  Spain,  24  m.  E.N.B. 
Malaga.  P.  l,530.^r/Sa/as  is  a  town  in  the 
prov.  &  46  m.  N.N.E.  Lerida.     P.  992. 

Salas-y-Gtombz,  a  small  island  of  the 
Pacific  ocean. 

Salat,  a  river  of  S.  France,  dep. 
Aridge,  joins  the  G-aronne.     L.  62  m. 

Salaty,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russian  Po- 
land, 37  m.  S.E.  Mitau.     P.  1,000. 

Sala WATTY,  an  island  of  the  E.  ar- 
chipelago, off  the  W.  extremity  of  Papua. 
L.  35  m.,  br.  25  m. 

Salayer,  an  island  of  the  B'.  archip., 
off  the  S.  extremity  of  Celebes.  L.  40 
m.  by  8  m.  in  av.  br. 

Salazar  db  las  Palmas,  a  small 
town  of  S.  America,  New  Granada,  40  m. 
jff.  Pamplona. 

Saleris,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Loir-et-Cher,  14  miles  N. 
Vierzon.     P.  1,676. 

Salcito,  a  town  of  Naples,  on  the 
Trigno.     P.  3,000. 

Saldana,  a  town  of  Spain,  37  miles 
N.N.W.  Palencia.     P.  1,015. 

Saldanha  Bay,  S.  Africa,  Cape  Colo- 
ny &  dist.,  60  m.  N.N.W.  Cape  Town. 
L.  15  m. ;  entrance  3  m.  in  br. 

Saldao,  a  riv.  of  Portugal,  enters  the 
bay  of  Setubal.  L.  110  m.,  for  the  last 
40  of  which  it  is  navig. 

Saldinsk,  two  contiguous  mkt.  towns 
of  European  Russia,  15  m.  S.S.E.  Ver- 
khoturia.     United  p.  2,000. 

Sale,  a  township  of  Engl.,  co.  Chester. 
P.  1,309. 

Sale  di  Tortona,  a  market  town  of 
N.  Italy,  Piedmont,  6  m.  N.N.W.  Tor- 
tona.    P.  5,094. 

Salem,  a  seaport  city,  Mass.,  on  a  low 
tongue  of  land  between  two  inlets  of  the 
Atlantic,  termed  N.  &  S.  rivers,  the  for- 
mer cross^  by  a  bridge  1,500  feet  in 
length,  15  m.  N.E.  Boston  &  S.  Newbur}'- 
port,  &  connected  with  both  towns  by 
railways.  Lat.  42°  31'  N. ;  Ion.  70°  54' 
W.  P.  20,264.  It  is  now  pretty  well 
built,  &  has  a  large  planted  open  space, 
numerous  churches,  an  academy,  &  va- 
rious other  schools,  a  court-house,  jail, 
athenaeum  with  a  library  of  10,000  vols., 
E.  Indian  society  with  a  valuable  muse- 
um, mechanics'  library,  several  news- 
papers, numerous  bank  &  insurance  com- 
panies ;  two  harbors,  the  S.  having  two 
light-houses,  &  defended  by  two  forts ; 
tanneries,  corn  &  saw  mills.  Its  E. 
India  trade,  formerly  very  important, 
is  still  considerable,  &  it  has  an  active 
coasting  trade,  &  share  in  the  whale 
fisheries.  Its  inhabitants  took  a  spirited 
part  la  the  revolution,  &  during  that 


period  it  was  distinguished  for  the  num- 
ber  &  success  of  its   privateers. II. 

t.,  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.     P.  1,408. 

III.  t..   New  London  co.  Conn.     P.  811. 

IV.   p-t.,  &    semi-cap.   Washington 

CO.  N.  Y.  P.  2,855. V.  p-t.,  Mer- 
cer CO.  Pa.     P.  1,980. VI.  t.,  Luzerne 

CO.  Pa.  P.  1,009. VII.  t.,  Westmore- 
land  CO.   Pa.    JP.   1,892. VIII.  p-v., 

cap.   Roanoke  co.   Va.     P.    300. IX. 

p-v..  Stoke  CO.   N.  C. .  P.  1,000. X. 

p-v.,  cap.    Crittenden  co.   Ky.      P.  250. 

XI.  p-t.,  Columbiana  co.  0.  P.  1,900. 

Xri.  t..  Champaign  co.  0.    P.  1,402. 

XIII.  t..   Highland  co.  0.     P.  2,004. 

XIV.  t.,  Jefferson  co.  0.     P.  2,044. 

XV.  t.,   Muskingum  co.  0.  P.  i,002. 

XVI.   t.,  Shelby  co.  0.      P.    1,158. 

XVII.  t.,  Tuscarawas  CO.  0.  P.  1,121. 

XVIII.  t.,  Washtenaw  co.  Mich.    P. 

1,364. XIX.  p-v.,  cap.  Washington  co. 

la.     P.  1,083. XX.  p-v.,  cap.  Marion 

CO.  111. XXI.  p-v.,  Henry  co.  Iowa. 

P.  1,500. XXII.  a  dist.  of  Brit.  India, 

having  S.W.  &  W.  the  Cavery  river. 
Area,  6,518  sq.  m.  P.  905,190.  Surface 
upland ;  in  1836  upwards  of  l-4th  of  the 

land  was  under  culture. XXIII.  S.W. 

CO.  N.  J.  Area,  320  sq.  m.  P.  19,467. 
— Salem  the  cap.  is  a  p-t.,  with  a  v.,  on 
Salem  cr.,  3i  m.  from  its  mouth  on  Del. 
bay.     P.  2,007. 

Salemi,  a  town  of  Sicily,  15  m.  N.E. 
Ma^zara.     P.  11,000. 

Salemow,  town  of  India,  70  miles  E. 
Bhopaul. 

Salen,  a  town  of  Burmah,  55  m.  N.W. 
Patanago. 

Salernes,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Var,  11  m.  W.  Draguignan.  P.  2,287. 

Salerno,  a  seaport  city  of  Naples,  on 
the  N.  shore  of  the  gulf  of  Salerno,  30 
m.  E.S.E.  Naples.  .  P.  \.\fi{}Q.—Gulf  of 
Salerno  is  an  inlet  of  the  Mediterranean, 
separated  from  the  bay  of  Naples  by 
Cape  Campanslla.     Br.  36  m. 

Salers,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Cantal,  15  m.  N.N.E.  Aurillac.  P. 
1,243. 

Saletto.  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy,  21 
m.  S.W,  Padua.     P.  2,040. 

Salford,  a  town  of  England,  co.  Lan- 
caster. 

Salgado,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  San 
Francisco.     P.  4,000. 

Salghir,  the  principal  river  of  the 
Crimea,  rises  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Eila, 
enters  the  gulf  of  Sivach  (Putrid  sea), 
after  a  course  of  100  m. 

Salian,  a  small  town  of  Asiatic  Russ., 
on  an  island  in  the  Kur,  15  m.  above  its 
mouth  in  the  Caspian  sea. 


sal] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


611 


Salianah,  a  town  of  N.  Hindostan, 
120  m.  N.  Lucknow. 

Salibabo,  a  cluster  of  islands  in  the 
Asiatic  archipelago,  midway  between 
Gilolo  &  Mindanao. 

Salicetto,  a  market  town  of  N.  Italy, 
Piedmont,  18  m.  E.N.E.  Mondovi.  P. 
1,674. 

Salies,  two  comms.  &  towns  of  France. 

1,  dep.  B.  Pyrenees.    P.  3,673. II. 

dep.  H.  Garonne,  12  m.  E.  St.  Gaudens. 
P.  863. 

Salignac,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Dordogne,  34  m.  E.S  E.  Pe- 
rigueux.     P.  1,286. 

Saliki  Serai,  a  consid.  town  of  the 
Punjab,  40  m.  N.E.  Attock. 

Saline,  one  of  the  Lipari  islands  in 
the  Mediterranean,   N.W.  Lipari.     L.  5 

miles,  br.  5  m.      P.  4,000. II.  p-t., 

Onondaga  co.  jST.  T.,  on  the  E.  side  of 
Lake  Onondaga.  It  has  celebrated  salt 
springs,  whence  its  name.  Produces  about 
3,000,000  bushels  annually.     P.  2,142. 

Salinas  de  Anana,  a  mkt.  town  of 
Spain,  10  m.  N.B.  Vitoria.     P.  1,078. 

Saline,  river.    La.,   falls  into   Black 

lake. II.  river.  111.,  enters  the  Ohio. 

III.  a  N.W.  CO.  Mo.     Area,  820  sq. 

m.     Cap.  Jonesboro'.     P.  8,843. IV. 

a  central  co.  Ark.  Area,  720  sq.  miles. 
Cap.  Benton.  P.  3,901. V.  t.,  Wash- 
tenaw CO.  Mich.      P.    1,390. VI.  t., 

Hempstead  CO.  Ark.     P.  1,492. 

Salines,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Cyprus,  on 
the  gulf  of  Salines,  E.  coast  of  island,  3 
miles  S.  Larnica. 

Salino,  a  river  of  Naples,  enters  the 
Adriatic.     L.  32  m. 

Salins,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Jura,  21  m.  S.S.W.  Besan^on.  P. 
6,337.  The  brine-springs  of  its  vicinity 
yield  large  quantities  of  salt. 

Salis  &  Salisbubg,  two  vills.  of  Rus- 
sia, gov.  Livonia. 

Salisbury,  a  city  of  England,  cap.  co. 
"Wilts,  on  the  Avon,  21  m.  W.  Winchester. 
The  cathedral  is  a  splendid  structure,  in 
the  "close,"  a  green  area  of  nearly  J  sq. 
m.,  shut  off  from  the  rest  of  the  city  by  a 
lofty  wall.  It  was  finished  in  1238,  wholly 
in  the  early  English  style,  &  is  in  the  form 
of  a  double  cross.  P.  8,931. II.  t.,  Ad- 
dison CO.  Vt.  P.  942. III.  t.,  Litch- 
field CO.  Conn.     P.  3,162. IV.  p-t, 

Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.    P.  1,859. ^V.  p-t., 

Lancaster  co.  Pa.     P.  3,959. VI.  t., 

Lehigh  co.  Pa.     P.  1,438. VII.  p-v., 

cap.  Rowan  co.  N.  C.  Here  is  an  ancient 
stone  wall  that  has  caused  much  specula- 
tion.   P.  ?0n. VIII.  p-t.,  Meigs  CO.  0. 

P.  1,509. IX.  t.,  Merrimac  co.  N.  H, 


The  birth-place  of  Daniel  Webster.    P. 
1,329. 

Salisbury    Island,    Hudson    strait, 
British  N.  America. 

.Salisbury  Plain,  an  elevated  undu- 
lating tract  of  open  downs,  co.  Wilts,  but 
the  term  is  now  generally  held  to^apply 
mainly  to  that  portion  between  Salisbury 
&  Devizes. 

Sallanches,  a  town  of  Savoy,  on  the 
Arve,  42  m.  N.E.  Chambery.  P.  2,085. 
Sallee,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of 
Morocco,  kingdom  &  106  m.  W.  Fez,  on 
the  Mediterr.,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Bu- 
Regreb.  P.  14,000.  It  stands  on  a  low 
sandy  point,  enclosed  by  walls,  &  having 
a  long  battery  guarding  the  entrance  to 
the  river. 

Salles,  numerous  comms.  &  vills.  of 

France,  chiefly  in  the  S.  &  W.  deps. 

I.  {Curan),  dep.  Aveyron,  15  m.  W.N.W. 

Milhau.      P.  2,489. II.  (Za  Source), 

dep.  Aveyron,  7  m.  N.N.W.  Rodez,  with 

1,102  inhabs. III.  {sur  I' Hers),  dep. 

Aude.     P.  1,189. 

Sallier,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  78  m. 
E.N.E.  Damaun. 

Salm  (Alt),  a  town  of  Belgium,  31  m. 
S.E.  Liege.     P.  2,600. 

Salmon  River,  New  York,  enters  Lake 
Ontario  near  its  E.  end,  after  a  W.  course 

of  35  miles. II.  river,  Conn.,  an  afli. 

of  the  Conn,  river,  at  E.  Haddam. 

Salmijnster,  a  walled  town  of  Ger- 
many, H.  Cassel,  24  m.  S.W.  Fulda.    P. 
1,600. 
Salo,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy,  14  m. 

E.N.E.  Brescia.     P.  5,600. II.  a  pass 

in   the   Pyrenees,   between   Conflans   in 
France,  &  Izabare  in  Spain. 

Salobrena,  a  small  town  of  Spain, 

34  m.  S.S.E.  Granada,  with  1,450  inhabs. 

Salon,^  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 

B.-du-Rhone,  28  m.  N.N.W.  MarseiUes. 

P.  4,290. 

Salona,  a  ruined  city  of  Dalmatia,  3 

m.  N.N.E.   Spalato. II.  a  town  of 

Greece,  84  m.  W.N.W.  Athens,  at  the  S. 
foot  of  Mount  Parnassus.     P.  4,000. 

Salonica,  a  large  seaport  city,  &  next 
to  the  cap.,  the  principal  seat  of  com- 
merce in  European  Turkey,  Rumili.  P. 
75,000,  of  whom  from  25,000  to  30,000  are 
Jews,  &  5,000  Turks.  It  has  externally 
an  imposing  appearance.  It  has  nume- 
rous antiquities  in  good  preservation. 
The  lower  portions  of  its  walls  are  Cy- 
clopean, &  one  of  its  gates  was  built  in 
honor  of  Augustus,  after  the  battle  of 
Piiilippi.  Within  the  citadel  is  another 
triumphal  arch,  erected  under  Marous 
Aurelius. 


6l8 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[sal 


Salonica  (Gulp  of),  an  arm  of  the 
^gean  sea.  L.  70  m.,  br.  at  entrance, 
30  miles. 

Salorino,  a  vill.  of  Spain,  51  m.  W. 
Caeeres,  near  the  Salor.     P.  1,918. 

Salpee,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  21  m. 
N.E.  Sattarah. 

Salsette,  an  island  of  British  India. 
L.  18ra.,  av.  br.  13  m.     P.  50,000. 

Salso,  the  largest  river  of  Sicily.  L. 
70  m. 

Salta,  the  most  N.  dep.  of  the  Plata 
confed.  Area,  about  70,000  sq.  m.  P. 
55,000.  Along  the  Vermejo  cochineal  is 
collected.  &  cocoa  is  produced.  The  yer- 
ba-mate,  or  Paraguay  tea,  grows  wild. — 
Salta,  the  cap.  town,  is  situated  on  an 
afia.  of  the  Salado,  180  m.  N.  Tucuman. 
P.  9,000. 

Saltash,  a  mkt.  town  of  England,  co. 
Cornwall,  4  m.  N.W.  Plymouth.  P.  2,162. 

Saltcoats,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Ayr,  on  the  bay  of  Ayr,  24  m.  S.W. 
Glasgow.     P.  4,238. 

Saltcreek,  p-t.,  Muskingum  co.  0.  P. 

1,252. II.    t.,    Pickaway    co.   0.      P. 

1,814. III.  t.,  Wayne  co.  0.    P.  1,461. 

>  Saltee  Islands,  two  small  islands  & 
a  group  of  rocks  off  the  coast  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  co.  Wexford.  ^ 

Saltens-elf,  a  river  of  Norway,  en- 
ters the  Arctic  ocean.     L.  70  m. 

Saltholm,  an  isl.  of  Denmark,  in  the 
Bound,  6  m.  E.S.E.  Copenhagen.    L.  5  m. 

Saltikova-Dewitza,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, 23  m.  E.S.E.  Tchernigov.     P.  1,000. 

Saltillo,  a  town  of  the  Mexican  con- 
fed.,  110  m.  S.  Coahuila.  P.  6,000.  At 
Buena  Vista,  6  m.  distant,  Feb.  1847,  the 
Mexican  president,  Santa  Anna,  with 
15,000  troops,  was  routed  by  5,000  U. 
States'  troops  under  Gen.  Taylor. 

Salt  Island,  one  of  the  Sritish  W. 
India  isls.,  Virgin  group,  S.E.  Tortola. 
— Salt-keys,  some  islets,  Bahamas,  &  off 
the  N.  coast  of  Cuba. 

Salt  Lake  (Great),  a  lake  of  Upper 
California,  betw.  the  basins  of  the  Colo- 
rado &  Columbia  rivers.  Shape  very 
irregular.  L.  60  m.  by  35  m.  in  breadth. 
It  contains  several  large  islands,  &  on  its 
banks  is  now  seated  the  Mormon  colony, 
emigrated  from  Nauvoo. 

Saltlick,  t.,  Payette  co.  Pa.  P.  1,911. 
II.  t.,  Perry  co.  0.    P.  1,243. 

Salt  River,  Kentucky,  after  a  N.  & 
W.  course,  joins  the  Ohio  20  m.  below 
Louisville.  It  is  200  yards  in  width  at 
its   mouth,  &  for- 150  m.  available  for 

boats. II.  Iowa  &  Missouri,  joins  the 

Mississippi  from  the  W.,  63  m.  N.N.W. 
the  oonfl.  with  the  Missouri. — Salt  Sul- 


phur Springs  is  a  vill.  &  spa  of  Virginia, 
CO.  Monroe. 

Saluen,  a  large  river  of  Further  In- 
dia, enters  the  gulf  of  Martaban  by  a 
broad  mouth. 

Saluggia,  a  mkt.  town  of  Piedmont, 
20  m.  W.S.W.  Vercelli.    P.  3,991. 

Salurn,  a  mkt.  town  of  the  Tyrol,  19 
m.  S.S.W.  Botzen.     P.  1,100. 

Saluzzto,  a  city  of  N.  Italy,  Piedmont, 
17  m.  N.W.  Coni.  P.  14,426.  It  consists 
of  an  upper  &  walled  town,  on  a  height 
crowned  by  a  magnificent  castle,  now 
used  as  a  prison,  &  a  lower,  open  town, 
with  a  handsome  cathedral. 

Saluzzola,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Pied- 
mont, 32  m.  N.E.  Turin.     P.  2,161. 

Salvages,  a  group  of  rocky  islands  in 
the  Atlantic  ocean,  between  the  Canary  & 
Madeira  islands. — Salvage  Island,  Falk- 
land group,  S.  Amer. 

Salvagnac,  two  eomms    &  towns  of 

France. 1,  a  mkt.  town,  dep.  Tarn,  23 

m.  W.  Alby.     P.  1,828. II.  (Cajarc), 

dep.  Aveyron,  12  m.  N.W.  Villefranche. 
P.  1,440. 

Salvaleon,  a  town  of  Spain,  20  m. 
S.S.E.  Badajos.     P:  2,540. 

Salvatierra  (de  Magos),  a  town  of 
Portugal,  31  m.  N.E.  Lisbon.     P.  2,000. 

II.  {do  Extremo),  a  town,  28  m.  E. 

Castello-Branco. 
Salvatierra,    two    small    towns   of 

Spain. 1.  20  m.  S.E.  Vigo. II.  15 

m.  E.  Vitoria.     P.  1,593. III.  (de  los 

Barros),  23  miles  S.S.E.  Badajos.      P. 
2,555. 
Salvetat  (La),  two  comms.  &  towns 

of  France. 1,  dep.  Herault,  8  m.  N. 

St.  Pons.    P.  4,009. II.  dep.  Aveyron, 

18  m.  S.W.  Rodez.  P.  3,128.— /SoZrwic  is 
a  comm.  &  vill.  dep.  Lot,  cap.  9  m.  S.W. 
Gourdon.     P.  1,189. 

Salympria,  the  principal  river  of 
Thessaly,  European  Turkey,  enters  the 
gulf  of  Salonica.     Total  course  110  m. 

Salza,  river  of  Austria,  rises  in  the 
Alps,  &  joins  the  Inn.  Total  course,  130 
m.  for  the  last  80  of  which,  it  is  navig. 

Salza  (Gross),  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  10  m.  S.S.E.  Magdeburg.  P. 
2,563. 

Salzbrunn  (New,  Lower,  &  Upper), 
three  contiguous  vills.  of  Prussian  Sile- 
sia, 35  m.  S.W.  Breslau,  with  2,767  in- 
habitants. 

Salzburg,  a  city  of  Upper  Austria, 
situated  on  both  sides  of  the  Salzach,  here 
crossed  by  a  bridge  370  feet  long,  72  m. 
E.S.E.  Munich.  P.  11,300.  It  is  situated 
in  the  most  picturesque  spot  in  Germany, 
is   surrounded  by  walls,   entered  by   8 


...m^fff^ 


8Am] 


UiflVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


679 


gates,  &  consists  of  the  town  proper  &  3 
suburbs.  It  has  a  cathedral  of  the  17th 
century,  built  in  the  style  of  the  Vati- 
can ;  the  church  of  St.  Peter  contains  the 
tomb  of  Haj'dn,  who,  as  well  as  Mozart, 
was  a  native  of  Salzburg.  The  house  in 
which  the  latter  was  born  is  still  pre- 
served. 

Salzderhelden,  a  mkt.  town  of  Han- 
over, on  the  Leine,  2  m.  S.E.  Eimbeck. 
P.  1,200. 

Salzdettfurth,  a  vill.  of  Hanover,  7 
m.  S.S.E.  Hildesheim. 

Salzgitter,  a  vill.  of  Hanover,  20  m. 
E.S.E.  Hildesheim.     P.  1,500. 

Salzkammergut,  a  dist.  of  Upper 
Austria,  on  the  borders  of  Styria.  Area, 
336  sq.  m.     P.  16,000. 

Salzkotten,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, 45  m.  S.S.W.  Minden.     P.  1,830. 

Salzuflen,  a  town  of  Germany,  11  m. 
N.W.  Detmold,  with  salt-works.   P.  1,364. 

Salzungen,  a  town  of  Central  Germa- 
ny, on  the  Werra,  19  m.  N.N.W.  Mein- 
ingen.     P.  3,077. 

Salzwedel,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxo- 
ny,  54  m.  N.N.W.  Magdeburg,  cap.  circ, 
on  the  Jetzel.     P.  7,810. 

Samadang,  a  town  of  Java,  on  the 
route  from  125  m.  S.E.  Batavia. 

Samaeil,  a  town  of  Arabia,  Oman,  45 
m.  W.  Muscat. 

Samakov,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, 30  m.  S.S.E.  Sophia.     P,  7,000. 

Samalood,  or  Samelood,  a  town  of 
Egypt,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Nile,  15  m.  N.  Mi- 
nieh. 

Samana,  a  town  on  an  island  of  same 
name,  separated  by  a  narrow  channel 
from  the  N.  coast  of  Hayti,  15  m.  N.  Sa- 
vannah la  Mar.     Cape  Samana  is  the  E. 

point  of  the  island. II.  a  name  of  At- 

wood's  Key,  Bahamas. — Samana  bay,  or 
channel,  between  Samana  island  &  the 
N.  coast^f  Hayti,  is  40  m.  in  length,  E. 
to  W.,  &  12  m.  in  breadth. 

Samanah,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  in  the 
protected  Sikh  territory,  35  miles  S.W. 
Umballah. 

Samar,  one  of  the  Philippine  islands, 
Asiatic  archipelago,  S.E.  Luzon.  L.  150 
m. ;'  gr.  br.  80  m.  Area,  5,470  sq.  m. 
P.  99,635. 

Samara,  two  rivers  of  Russia. 1. 

joins   the  Dnieper,  after  a  W.  course  of 

150  m. II.  after  a  W.  course  of  280 

m.,  joins  the  Volga. 

Samara,  a  town  of  Russia,  100  m.  S.E. 
Simbirsk.     P.  11,019: 

Samahang,  a  fortified  seaport  town 
of' Java,  on  its  N.  coast.  P.  20,000.(7) 
It  is  pretty  well  built.    Samarang  is  the 


residence  of  a  Dutch  governor,  &  the 
seat  of  one  of  the  three  principal  law- 
courts  in  Java.  P.  of  residency,  550,000. 
Samarcand,  a  city  of  independent 
Turkestan,  dom.  &  130  m.  E.  Bokhara. 
P.  10^,000.  It  has  greatly  declined  in 
importance  ;  the  area  within  its  walls  is 
mostly  occupied  with  gardens,  &  of  40 
colleges  it  formerly  had,  only  three  are 
said  to  remain  perfect,  one  of  which  has 
great  beauty. 

Samaria,  an  anc.  prov.  of  Palestine, 
between  the  river  Jordan  &  the  Mediter- 
ranean, having  N.  Galilee,  &  S.  Judea. 
The  ancient  city  of  Samaria,  built  by 
Omri,  king  of  Israel,  about  925  b.c,  was 
the  cap.  of  the  ten  tribes.  After  its  de- 
struction by  John  Hyrcanus,  it  was  re- 
built by  Herod,  &  called  Sebaste,  which 
see. II.  a  vill.  of  Crete,  near  Sfakia. 

Samarova,  a  town  of  Siberia,  170  m. 
N.N.B.  Tobolsk. 

Samahhah,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
65  m.  N.N.W.  Bagdad,  on  a  height  be- 
side the  1.  b.  of  the  Tigris,  &  consisting 
of  about  250  houses.  It  has  2  handsome 
Mohammedan  tombs  with  cupolas,  one 
particularly  venerated  by  the  Shiah  or 
Persian  sect,  &  visited  annually  by  at 
least  10,000  Mohammedan  pilgrims. 

Samassi,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Sardinia, 
22  m.  N.N.W.  Cagliari.     P.  1,995. 

Samatan,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gers,  1  m.  N.E.  Lombes.     P.  1,224. 

Samava,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
pash.  Bagdad,  on  the  Euphrates. 

Sambas,  a  state,  river,  &  town  of  the 
island  Borneo ;  the  town,  cap.  state,  on 
1.  b.  of  the  river,  about  40  m.  from  its 
mouth.     P.  9,400,   of  whom  8,600   are 


Sameatikila,  a  walled  town  of  W. 
Africa,  Mandingo  country. 

Samber,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  44  m. 
N.N.E.  Ajmeer.  On  its  N.E.  side  is  a 
large  salt  lake. 

Sambilan,  a  group  of  islands  in  the 
strait  of  Malacca. 

Samboangan,  a  Spanish  settlement  in 
the  Asiatic  archipelago,  on  the  S.W.  ex- 
tremity of  the  island  Mindanao. 

Sambor,  two  towns  of  Austrian  Poland, 

Galicia. 1,  cap.  circ,  on  the  Dniester, 

40  m.  S.W.  Lemberg.  P.  6,600.— —II. 
Stary  Sambor  is  a  town  on  the  Dniester, 
10  miles  S.W.  the  foregoing,  with  2,080 
inhab. 

Sambre,  a  river  of  France  &  Belgium, 
joins  the  Maese  at  Namur.  Total  course 
100  m.  It  is  navig.  for  the  greater  part 
of  its  course,  for  barges. 

SambuccAj   a  vill.  of  Central  Italy, 


'680 


CVGLOP^DIA    OF    GEOGRAPUV. 


[sAN 


Tuscany,  27  m.   N.N.W.  Florence.    P. 
2,500. 

Sameh,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Pas-de-Calais,  8  m.  S.E. 
Boulogne.     P.  1,687. 

Samgaum,  a  town  of  British  India,  20 
m.  N.W.  Neliore. 

Samgoropok,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia, 
95  m.  S.W.  Kiev.     P.  1,000. 

Samhoud,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt,  15 
m.  S.E.  Girgeh. 

Sami,  a  town  of  W.  Africa,  Senegam- 
bia,  22  m.  W.S.W.  Sego. 

Samminiato,  a  town  of  Tuscany,  21 
m.  W.S.W.  Florence.     P.  3,500. 

Samoan,  a  group  in  the  Pacific  ocean, 
between  lat.  13°  30'  &  14°  30'  S.,  &  Ion. 
168°  &  173°  W.,  comprising  8  small  isls., 
estimated  to  have  an  area  of  2,650  sq.  m., 
with  a  p.  of  upwards  of  50,000. 

Samochvalovitshs,  a  mkt.  town  of 
Russia,  10  m.  S.  Minsk.     P.  1,000. 

Samoens,  a  vill.  of  Savoy,  7  m.  E.S.E. 
Fanninges,  cap.  mand.  P.  of  comm.  3,911. 

Samogitia,  an  old  prov.  of  Poland. 

Samos,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Asia- Minor,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  gulf 
of  Scala-Nuova,  42  m.  S.W.  Smyrna. 
L.  E.  to  W.,  27  m. ;  br.  varies  to  10  m. 
Estim.  area,  165  sq.  m.  P.  50,000.  Two 
ranges  of  rocky  limestone  mountains 
traverse  the  island.  Principal  towns, 
Vathi,  on  its  N.  side,  with  a  good  harbor, 
&  Khora,  the  cap.,  near  the  S.  coast,  on 
a  portion  of  the  site  of  the  anc.  Samos. 
The  island  had  in  antiquity  a  famous 
temple  of  Juno,  of  which  few,  if  any, 
vestiges  remain. 

Samothraki,  or  Samothrace,  an  isl. 
belonging  to  European  Turkey,  in  the 
^gean  sea,  14  miles  N.N.W.  Imbros. 
Area,  30  sq.  miles.  P.  1,500.  Surface 
mntuous.,  &  rises  to  5,248  feet  above  the 
sea. — Samotraki  is  one  of  the  smaller 
Ionian  islands,  5  m.  W.  Corfu. 

Samotschau,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Poland,  33  m.  W.S.W.  Bromberg.  P.  1,960. 

Samoyede  Country,  comprises  all  the 
N.  parts  of  Russia  &  Siberia. 

Samozero  (Lake),  a  lake  of  Russia, 
40  m.  W.N.AY.  Petrosarodsk. 

Samper  de  Calanda,  a  town  of  Spain, 
44  m.  S.S.E.  Zaragoza.     P.  2,720. 

Sampeyre,  a  market  town  of  the  Sar- 
dinian sta-,  N.  Italy,  Piedmont,  15  m. 
W.S.W.  Saluzzo,  cap.  mand.  P.  of  comm. 
4,985. 

Samsoe,  an  island  of  Denmark,  in  the 
Great  Belt.  L.  15  m.  Area,  40  sq.  m. 
P.  5,550. 

Samson,  the  largest  vill.  of  Hungary, 
next  to  Csaba,  B  m.  N.E.  Debreczin.    P. 


22,247. II.  a  central  co.  N.  C.     Area, 

800  sq.  m.     Cap.  Clinton.     P.  14,585. 

Samsoun,    a    seaport  town   of  Asia- 
Minor.    P.  comprises  about  450  families. 
Samter,   a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
20  m.  N.W.  Posen.     P.  2,480. 

Samulcottah,  a  town  &  fort  of  British 
India,  29  m.  E.N.E.  Rajahmundry. 

San,  a  large  river  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia,  joins  the  Vistula.     Total  course 

250  m. H.  a  river  of  Styria,  after  a 

course  of  50  m.,  joins  the  Save. 

San  (Tanis),  a  ruined  town.  Lower 
Egypt,  15  m.  S.S.W.  Menzaleh. 

San,  Santa,  &c.  {Saint),  prefixes  to 
numerous  places,  which  are  arranged 
below  under  the  heads,  America,  Brazil, 
Spain,  Portugal,  &  Italy. 

San,  numerous  towns,  &c.,  of  America, 
with  this  prefix. 

San  Antonio,  several  towns  in  Amer- 
ica.  1.  Colombia,  Venezuela,   110  m. 

E.  Varinas. II.  Upper  California,  55 

m.  S.E.  Monterey. III.  {de  Laguna), 

Colombia,  Ecuador. IV.  {de  los  Cues), 

a  town,  Mexican  confed.,  dep.  &  70  m.  N. 

Oaxaca. Antonio,   a  river  of    Texas, 

which,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  nearly  200 
m.,  enters  the  bay  of  Espiritu  Santo. — 
{Sta  Barbara),  a  small  town,  Chile,  135 
m.  E.S.E.  Concepcion,  on  an  island  in  the 

Biobio. V.  a  town,  Venezuela,  dep.  & 

on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Orinoco. VI.  a 

maritime  town  &  co.,  Upper  California, 
on  the  channel  of  Santa  Barbara. — A 
strait  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  15  m.  across, 
between  the  mainland  &  the  island  Santa 
Cruz,  190  m.  S.E.  Monterey.— (-Saw  J5ar- 
tholome),  a  vill.  of  New  Granada,  on  the 

river,  60  m.  S.E.  Remedies. VII.  a 

vill.,  Mexican  confed.,  dep.  &  215  m.  N. 
Durango. — Also,  one  of  the  Caroline 
islands.  Pacific  0. — {Bernardo),  a  group 
of  islets.  New  Granada,  50  m.  S.  Car- 
tagena.— {Bias),  a  seaport  townj  Mexican 
confed.,  dep.  Xalisco,  on  the  Pacific,  35  m. 
W.S.W.  Topic  Its  harbor  is  bad.  P. 
3,000. — Point  San  Bins,  New  Granada, 
is  a  headland  on  the  N.  coast  of  the 
isthmas  of  Panama,   48  m.   E.  Puerto 

Bello. {Sta   Cruz-de-la- Sierra),    the 

most  E.  &  largest  dep.  of  Bolivia.  Prin- 
cipal towns,  San  Lorenzo  de  Frontera, 
Santa  Cruz,  Santiago,  San  Juan  Bautista, 
&  Concepcion. 

San  Diego,  co.  California. 
San  Felipe,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  dep. 
Caracas,   60  m.  W.N.W.  Valencia.      P. 

7,000. II.  a  town,  Mexican  confed,, 

dep.  &  40  miles  N.  Guanaxuato. III. 

{Felipe-de  Anconcagua),  a  town,  Chile, 
40  m.  N.  Santiago.    P.  13,000. 


„^ae^'* 


ban] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEfiR. 


68^1 


San  Fernando,  a  small  town  of  S. 
America,  Venezuela,  dep.  Caracas,  30  m. 

N.  the  Orinoco. II.   a  town,  Chile,  80 

m.  S.  Santiago. III.  [de  Apure),  Ve- 
nezuela, 70  m.  S.  Calabozo.  P.  6,000. — 
Several  villages,  Mexican  confed.,  vills. 
&  forts  in  New  G-ranada,  &  Cent.  Amer., 
&c.,  have  this  name. — The  Serrade  San 
Fernando,  S.  America,  separates  the 
Brazilian  prov.  Matto-Grosso  from  the 
Bolivian  territory. 

San  Francisco,  bay,  of  the  Pacific 
ocean,  on  the  W.  coast  of  N.  America, 
California,  in  lat.  37°  48'  5"  N.,  Ion.  122° 
24'  W.,  forming  a  noble  laud-locked  har- 
bor, in  which  the  fleets  of  all  the  naval 
powers  in  Europe  &  Aiuer.  might  moor. 
It  extends  inland  for  40  m.,  with  very 
variable  breadth,  &  at  its  E.  extremity 
it  receives  the  conjoint  streams  of  the 
Sacramento  &  San  Joachim,  besides  other 

smaller  rivers. II.  a  county  on   the 

above  bay. III.  city,  on  San  Fran- 
cisco bay  in  co.  of  same  name,  is  the 
most  important  place  in  California.  Its 
growth  has  been  most  rapid.  In  1847  it 
was  an  insignificant  place  ;  now  a  large 
city.  Its  harbor  is  full  of  shipping,  &  its 
trade  is  already  immense.  It  must  soon 
become  one  of  the  great  commercial 
places  of  the  world.  As  yet  there  are  no 
remarkable  public  buildings  ;  but  sub- 
stantial stores  &  fine  houses  are  nume- 
rous. San  Francisco  has  been  visited 
twice  with  very  destructive  fires.  P.  25,- 
000.— IV.  a  port,  W.  coast  of  Lower 
Calif.— — V.  {Francesco),  a  vill.,  N.  Peru, 
55  m.  S.W.  Panos. VI.  {de  la  Mon- 
tana), a  town,  New  Granada,  dep.  &  on 
the  Isthmus,  N.E.  Santiago.    P.  5,344. 

San  Joaquim,  go.  California.  P.  5,029. 

San  Jose,  one  of  the  Pearl  islands,  in 
the  gulf  of  Panama,  New  Granada,  8  m. 

S.W.  the  island  del  Rey. II.  an  island 

in  the  Rio  Negro. III.  a  town,  Bra- 
zil, on  the  Rio  Negro.     P.  800. IV. 

an  island  in  the  gulf  of  California,   100 

miles   S.E.  Loreto.     L.  25  m. V.  an 

island,  Texas,  18  m.  S.E.  Refugio- — Some 
small  places  in  California,  Mexico,  Co- 
lombia, B -azil,  &  Bolivia,  liave  the  same 
name. — Also,  a  prefixed  name  of  the  fol- 
lowing   towns. I.    (de   Buenavista), 

Philippines,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island 
Panay,  of  which  it  is  the  cap.     P.  7,000. 

il.  {del  Interior),   Central  America, 

15  m.  W.N  W.  Cartago.  P.  18,000.  It 
has  succeeded  to  the  importance  &  com- 
mercial activity  of  Cartago,  the  former 

cap.  state. III.  {del  Parral),  Mexican 

confed.,  dep.  &  200  m.  N.W.  Durango. 
P.  5,000. 

29* 


San  Juan,  several  rivers  of  AmeTica. 

1.  Cent.  America,   state  Nicaragua, 

forming  the  outlet  for  the  surplus  waters 
of  the  lake  of  Nicaragua,  into  the  Ca- 
ribbean sea,  which  it  enters  at  the  port 
of  San  Juan,  80  m.  S.  the  mouth  of  the 
Blewfields  river.     Course   E.-ward.     L. 

104  m. II.  New  Granada,  dep.  Cauca, 

enters  the  Pacific  ocean  by  sevl.  mouths. 
L.  150  m. III.  Bolivia. IV.  Boli- 
via, joins  the  Pilcomayo.     L.  300  miles. 

V.  Mexican  confed.,  joins   the  Rio 

Grande  del  Norte.      L.    150  m. VI. 

Plata  confed. 

San  Juan,  a  town  of  Hayti,  near  the 
centre  of  the  island,  80  m.  N.W.  San  Do- 
mingo.— Also,    numerous   vills.,   &c.,  of 

America. I.Venezuela,  dep.  Zulia,  24 

m.W.   Merida. II.  Central  America, 

state,  &  20  m.  W.  Nicaragua,  on  the  Pa- 
cific ocean,  &  near  where  the  projected 
canal  from  the  lake  of  Nicaragua  would 

terminate. III.  Mexican  confed.,  105 

m.  W.   Chihuahua. IV.  Texas,  near 

the  Rio  Grande  del  Norte,  30  m.  N.N.W. 
Santa  Fe. V.  {Baptista),  a  town,  Ve- 
nezuela, 110  m.  S.W.  Caracas. VI.  {B. 

del  Rio  Grande),  Mexican  confed.,  dep. 

&  85  m.  N.N.E.  Coahuila. VII.  {Cap- 

istrano),  Upper  California,  on  the  Pacific 

coast. VIII.    {Chinameca),    Central 

America,  state  San  Salvador,  15  m.  N. 
San  Miguel. — Cape  San  Juanis  the  N.E. 
extremity  of  the  island  Porto  Rico,  &  the 
S.  point  of  Vancouver's  island,  British  N. 

America. IX.  {Juan  Baptista),  a  t., 

Mexican  confed.,  cap.  state  Tabasco,  on 
the  river  Tabasco,  about  70  miles  from 
its  mouth,  in  the  Caribbean  sea. 

San  Juan  de  la  Feontera,  a  fron- 
tier &  W.  dep.  of  the  Plata  confed.,  S. 
America.  Bstim.  p.  25,000. — San  Juan, 
the  principal  town,  is  pleasantly  situated 
on  the  river  of  same  name.  P.  18,000. — 
{Juan  de  las  Llanos),  a  town,  S.  Amer., 
New  Granada,  65  m.  S.S.E.  Bogota. — 
{Juan  de  los  Reinedios),  a  marit.  town 
of  Cuba,  on  its  N.  coast,  180  m.  E.  Ha- 
vana. P.  8,000. — {Juan  del  Rio),  a 
town  of  the  Mexican  confed.,  30  m.  S.E. 
Queretaro.  P.  10,000. {!)— {Juan  de  Jue- 
bal),  a  small  town  of  S.  America,  Plata 
confed. 

San  Juan  de  Nicaragua,  a  seaport 
town  of  Central  Amer.,  state  Costa  Rica, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  San  Juan,  in  the 
Caribbean  sea,  lat.  10°  55'  0"  N.,  Ion. 
83°  43'  0"  W.  It  is  stated  to  have  the 
best  port  on  this  coast  between  Cape  Gra- 
cias  a  Dios  &  the  Boca  del  Toro. — {Juan 
del  Sul),  a  port  of  Central  America,  on 
the  Pacific  0.,  state  &  24  m.  S.W.  Mc- 


682 


CrCLOP^EmA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[sAN 


aragua,  &  the  marit.  harbor  nearest  to 
that  city. — {Sta  Juana),  an  island,  Chile, 
38  m.  E.S.E.  Concepcion. 

San  Lorenzo,  a  river,  S.  Amer.,  Plata 

confed.,    joins  the   Vermejo. II.  an 

islet  in  the  gulf  of  California. III.  an 

islet  off  the  coast  of  Peru. — (Lorenzo 
de  la  Fronterd),  a  town  of  Bolivia,  on 
the  Guapey.     P.  4,000. 

San  Luis,  a  central  department  of  the 
Plata  confed.,  S.  America. — San  Luis  de 
la  Punta,  the  chief  town,  has  about  1,500 
inhabs. — {Luis),  a  vill.  of  Upper  Califor- 
nia, on  a  river  trib.  to  the  Pacific  0.,  80 

m.  N.W.  Santa  Barbara. II.  a  harbor, 

island,  &  marit.  vill.  of  Texas,  37  miles 

S.W.  Galvestoa. III.  {de  la  Paz),  a 

town,  Mexican  confed.,  45  m.  E.N.B. 
Gruanaxuato.  Some  vills.  named  San 
Luis  are  in  the  Mexican  dep.  Puebla,  & 
in  Upper  California. 

-San  Luis  Potosi,  a  dep.  of  the  Mexi- 
can confed.,  surrounded  by  the  deps.  Za- 
catecas,  Guanaxuato,  Queretaro,  Vera 
Cruz,  Tamaulipas,  &NuevoLeon.  Estim. 
area,  19,000  sq.  m.  P.  321,800.  Surface 
in  the  W.  comprises  a  part  of  the  Anahuac 
table-land  ;  in  the  E.  it  is  level  &  marshy. 
The  cap.,  iS.  Luis  Potosi,  is  situated 
near  the  source  of  the  riv.  Tampico,  70 
m.  N.N.E.  Guanaxuato.  P.,  including 
suburbs,  from  50,000  to  60,000.  The 
other  towns  of  the  dep.  are  Catorce  & 
Valles. — Luis  de  la  Punta),  a  state,  Ar- 
gentine republic,  lies  W.  of  Cordova.  P. 
20,000.— (Saw  Martin),  a  thriving  vill., 
Plata  confed.,  dep.  &  30  m.  E.S.E.  Cor- 
dova. P.  2,WQ.— {Miguel),  a  town  of 
Central  America,  45  m.  E.S.E.  San  Sal- 
vador.    P.  8,000. II.  a  town,  Texas, 

on  the  Puerco,  S.E.  Santa  Fe,  p.  2,000,  & 
also    CO.    New    Mexico.     P.   7,074.— — 

III.   35  m.   N.  Parahiba. IV.  prov. 

Rio  Grande  do  Sul.     P.  1,000. V.  {el 

Grande),  Mexican  confed.,  40  miles  E. 

Guanaxuato.     P.  3.000.(7) VI.  {San 

Patricio)  co.  Texas.  P.  200. — {Pedro),  a 
bay  of,  &  inlet  of  the  Pacific  ocean.  Upper 
California,  105  m.  S.E.  Santa  Barbara. 
{Pedro),  a  town.  New  Granada,  25  m. 

S.E.  Antioquia. II.  Bolivia,  Mexican 

territory. — {Pedro),  a  river,  Mexican 
confed.,  dep.  Tabasco. — The  Rio  de  San 
Pedro  e  San  Publo,  "  river  of  St.  Peter 
&  Sj;.  Paul,"  enters  the  Caribbean  sea. 

San  Salvador,  a  city  of  Central 
America,  on  a  riv.  tribut.  to  the  Pacific 
ocean,   105   miles   S.E.  Guatemala.     P. 

16,000. II.  a  village,  Ecuador,  20  m. 

E.  Avila. III.  {Guanahani),   one  of 

the  Bahama  islands,  Atlantic,  28  m.  E. 
Eleuthera.    L.   46   m.,  br.  5  m.    This 


was  the  first  land  discovered  in  the  New 
World  by  Columbus,  who  landed  here, 
Oct.  12th,  1492. — San  Salvador  Paquena 
is  an  island  on  its  W.  side. 

Santa  Anna,  a  town  of  Central  Amer., 
state  &  11  m.  W.  San  Salvador.     Estim. 

p.  10,000. II.  (or  Ana),  a  smalltown, 

Bolivia. III.  a  town,  S.  Peru,  dep.  &. 

80  m.  N.W.  Cuzco. 

Santa  Cruz,  the  largest  &  most  S.  of 
the  Virgin  isls.,"W.  Indies,  belonging  to  the 
Danes,  in  the  Caribbean  sea,  40  m.  S.  the 
island  St.  John.  L.  20  m.,  br.  5  miles. 
Area,  110  sq.  m.  P.  26,681,  of  whom 
6,805  were  free  colonists.  Principal  towns, 
Christianstad  &  Frederickstad ;  the  for- 
mer on  the  N.  coast,  is  the  cap.  of  the 
Danish  W.  Indies. II.  a  river,  Pata- 
gonia, enters  the  Atlantic  ocean.     It  has 

been  explored  inland  for  200  m. III. 

an  island  group,  Pacific  ocean. IV. 

an  island  off  the  coast  of  California, 
separated  from  the  mainland  by  S.  Bar- 
bara channel.     Circ.  about  45  m. V. 

an  island  in  the  gulf  of  California,  80  m. 

S.E.  Loreto. VI.   a  bay    on   the  W. 

side  of  the  island  Cura9ao. VII.  an 

island  off  the  N.  coast  of  Cuba,  30  miles 
N.E.  Matanzas. 

Santa  Fe,  a  dep.  of  the  Plata  confed., 
S.  America,  having  S.  the  dep.  Buenos 
Ayres,  N.  &  W.  salt  deserts. — Santa  Fe, 
the  cap.  town,  p.  4,000,  is  on  the  E.  bank 

of  the  Salado,  8   m.  N.W.  Parana. ■ 

II.  also  an  island  in  above  dep.,  Plata 
confed.,  50  m.  in  length. 

Santa  Fe  de  San  Francisco,  the 
cap.  town  of  New  Mexico,  on  an  affl.  of 
the  Rio  Grande  del  Norte,  25  m.  E.  that 
r.,  lat.  36°  18'  N.,  Ion.  106°  W.  P.  3,000. 
It  stands  at  the  W.  foot  of  a  mntn.  range. 
It  is  an  important  mart  for  the  trade  be- 
tween the  U.  States  &  the  N.  deps,  of  the 
Mexican  confed. 

Santa  Maria,  a  small'  island  off  the 
coast  of  Chile,  30  m.  S.W.  Concepcion. 
Its  surface  was  raised  from  S.  to  10  feet 
by  the  earthquake  of  February  1835. 
II.  Maria  de  Belem,  a  city  of  Bra- 
zil.    [Para.] III.  {Maria  de  Fe),  a 

town  of  Paraguay,  45  m.  E.  Neembucu. 

Santa  Marta,  a  seaport  town  of  S. 
Amer.,  New  Granada,  on  the  E.  shore  of 
bay  of  the  Caribbean  sea.  P.  8,000  — 
{Sta    Tecla),    &  vill.,   Uruguay,   on  the 

Brazilian  frontier. II.  {de  Jesus),  a 

mkt.  town,  Venezuela,  on  the  Meta. 

San,  Santa,  Santo,  &  Sao,  Saint, 
prefixes  to  the  names  of  numerous  places 
in  Brazil. 

San  Paulo,  a  maritime  prov.  in  S.  of 
Brazil,  having  E.  the   Atlantic,  W.  & 


BAX] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


683 


N.E.  the  river  Parana.  Area,  191,012 
aq.  m.  P.  360,000.-5.  Faulo,  the  cap., 
is  situated  220  m.  W.S.W.  Rio-de-Ja- 
neiro. P.  22,032.  It  is  irregularly  laid 
out;  houses  partly  of  stone,  but  chiefly 
of  earth,  two  stories  in  height,  &  furnished 
with  balconies. 

San,  or  Sao  Pedro  do  Rio  Grande, 
a  marit.  prov.  of  Brazil,  having  B.  the 
Atlantic.     Area,  60,120  sq.  ni.     P.  160,- 

000.  The  coast  is  bordered  by  numerous 
lagoons,  &  it  contains  the  large  lake  of 
Patos. 

Santa  (Anna),  a  market  town,  30  m. 

E.N.B.  Cuiaba.    P.  4,000. II.  a  mkt. 

town,  20  m.  N.E.  Laguna.    P.  2,000. 

III.  a  market  town,  on  the  Sino.    P.  1,400. 

IV.  a  small  island,  40  miles  E.N.E. 

Maranhao,  &  an  island  in  the  prov.  Goy- 
az,  formed  by  2  branches  of  the  riv.  Ara- 
guay,  210  m.  long,  &  40  m.  broad. — 
Barbara,  is  a  town,  30  m.  N.N.E.  Ouro 
Preto.  P.  4,000.— CrM;2r,  a  town,  120  m. 
S.E.  Goyaz,  on  the  Pari.  P.  3,000.— 
Helena,  a  town  in  the  prov.  Maranhao, 
— Isabel,  a  town  in  the  province  &  N.E. 
of  San  Paulo. —  Luzia,  a  town  in  the 
prov.,  120  m.  E.S.E.  Goyaz.  P.  3,000.— 
Rita,  a  market  town,  S.E.  San  Joao  d'el 
Rei.  P.  of  dist.  5,800. — Se,  a  town  in 
prov.  Bahia. 

Santo  (Amara),  a  city  in  the  prov.  & 
40  m.  N.N.W.  Bahia. II.  a  town,  on 

1.  b.  of  the  Jacuhi.  P.  2,600. — Antonio 
d' Amarantho,  a  market  town,  near  the 
river  &  below  the  town  Cuiaba.  P.  1,400. 
— A.  da  jPatndha,  is  a  t.,  E.N.E.  Porto 
Alegre.  P.  3,103. — A.  de  So,  or  Macacu, 
a  town,  30  m.  N.E.  Rio-de-Janeiro.  P. 
with  dist.  7,000. — A-  dos  Guarulhos,  a 
inkt.  t.,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Parahiba.  P.  6,000. 

Sao  (Bento),  a  market  town,  Brazil. 
P.  3,000. — Bernardo,  a  city  of  the  prov. 
Ceara,  70  m.  S.S.E.  Ciara.  P.  6,000.— 
Christovao,  cap.  city  of  the  prov.  Sergipe. 
P.  2,000. — Felis,  a  town  in  the  prov.  & 
290  m.  N.N.E.  Goyaz. 

Sao  Francisco,  a  large  &  important 
river,  S.  A.,  enters  the  Atlantic  by  two 
mouths.  L.  1,250  m.  Its  navigation  is 
impeded  by  the  falls  of  Paulo  Affonzo,  a 
series  of  magnificent  cataracts,  160  miles 

from  its  mouth. II.  a  small  riv.  which 

enters  the  Atlantic  opposite  the   isl.  S. 

Prancisco.     L.  100  m. III.  an  isl.  in 

the  Atlantic,  separated  from  the  prov. 
Santa  Catharina  by  a  narrow  channel. 
L.  20  m. ;  br.  10  m.  Its  cap.  is  of  same 
name. 

Sao  (Goncalo),  a  market  town  in  the 
prov.  &  75  m.  N.E.  Rio-de-Janeiro.  P. 
10,000. — Barra,  a  town  in  the  prov.  Rio- 


de- Janerio,  18  m.  E.N.E.  Campos,  on  rt. 

b.  of  the  Parahiba.  P.  2,000. II.  {das 

Duas    Barras),  prov.   Goyaz. III. 

(d'el  Rei),  a  city,  80  m.  S.W.  Ouro  Preto. 

P.  5,000. IV.  {do  Frincipe),   a  town 

in  the  prov.  &  60  m.  W.N.W.  Rio-de-Ja- 
neiro.  P.  6,000. V.  {do  Principe)  180 

m.  S.S.W.  Fortaleza.  P.  9,604.— Jose,  a 
town  in  the  prov.  Minas  Geraes,  oa  rt.  b. 
of  the  Mortes,  9  m.  E.N.E.  S.  Joao  d'el 
Rei.  P  of  dist.  12,000.— —II.  a  town,  65 

m.  N.E.  S.   Paulo.     P.  4,000. III.  a 

town,  5  m.  N.  Deiterro.  P.  of  dist.  5,000. 
IV.  {do  Norte),  5  m.  N.  San  Pedro- 
do-Rio-Grande,  between  the  Atlantic  & 
Lake  Patos.  Pop.  of  dist.  3,000. — Leo- 
poldo,  a  town,  38  m.  N.  Porto  Alegre. 
P.  of  dist.  4,000. — Matheos,  a  town,  prov. 
Espiritu  Santo,  on  river  of  same  name, 
20  m.  from  its  mouth  in  the  Atlantic. — 
Miguel,  a  town,  prov.  Santa  Catharina, 
10  m.  N.W.  Desterro,  on  the  Atlantic. 
P.  3,000. — Pedro  d'  Alcantara,  a  town  of 
the  prov.  Goyaz,  on  the  rt.  b.  of  the  To- 
cantins. — Romao,  a  town,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
S.  Francisco.  P.  3,000. — Roque,  a  town, 
32  m.  W.S.W.  San  Paulo.  P.  4,000.-5. 
Roque  {Cape),  on  the  E.  coast  of  the 
prov.  Rio-Grande-do- Norte,  is  in  lat.  37° 
5'  28"  S.,  Ion.  35°  16'  0"  yi[.—Sebastiao, 
a  maritime  town,  prov.  S.  Paulo,  opposite 
island  of  same  name.  P.  of  dist.  6,000. 
The  island  is  separated  from  a  peninsula 
on  the  coast  by  a  narrow  channel ;  it  is 
12  m.  long,  &  6  m.  broad.  P.  3,000.— 
Vicente,  a  town,  prov.  &  40  m.  S.S.E. 
San  Paulo.  This  was  the  first  city  found- 
ed by  the  Portuguese  in  S.  America,  & 
was  long  the  cap.  of  S.  Brazil.     P.  600. 

San,  Santa,  Santo,  Saint,  a  prefix 
to  the  names  of  numerous  islands  of  the 
Atlantic,  <fc  places  in  Spain,  Italy, 
Portugal,  <fcc.  For  those  not  found 
following,  see  second  word. 

San  Antonio,  the  most  N.W.  of  the 
Cape  Verd  islands. — Pedro,  a  town  of 
Portuguese  India,  2  m.  W.  Old  Goa.-^ 
Pietro,  a  small  island  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean, off  the  S.W.  coast  of  Sardinia.     P. 

2,200. II.  an  island  off  the  S.W.  coast 

of  Sardinia.  P.  3,235. — Sebastian,  the 
cap.  town  of  the  island  Gomera,  Canaries, 
on  its  E.  coast.  P.  1,594.  — Tadeo,  a  riv., 
Patagonia,  enters  the  gulf  of  St.  Esteven, 
Pacific  ocean. 

San  (Clemente),  a  town  of  Spain,  40 
m.  W.N.W.  Cuenca.  P.  ^,120:'-Felipe 
de  Javita  {Scetabis),  a  city  of  Spain, 
prov.  &  43  m.  S.S.W.  Valencia.  P. 
13,235.-5.  Feliu  de  Guixols,  a  town  18 
m.  N.N.E.  Gerona.  P.  6,679.— iuca?-, 
several  towns  of  Spain. 1,  (de  jBarre- 


684 


CYCLOP-^DIA    OF    GEOUKAPHr. 


[sax 


Tneda),  17  m.  I!f.W.  Cadiz.     P.   16,816. 

II.    {de    Gaudiana),    32    m.   N.W. 

Huelva.     P.  2,800. III.  {La  Mayor), 

10  m.  W.  Sevilla.  P.  2,i80.— Martin,  a 
river  of  Spain,  Aragon,  joins  the  Ebro. 
L.  70  m. — Cape  San  Martin,  Valencia, 
is  a  headland  on  the  Mediterranean,  10 
m.  S.E.  Denia. — Martin,  several  market 
towns  of  Spain. — I.  (de  Oscos),  prov.  & 

58  m.  W.  Oviedo.     P.  1,472. II.  {de 

Trevejo),  prov.  &  37  m.  S.W.  Salamanca. 

• III.  (de  Unx),  Navarra,  14  m.  S.E. 

Pampeluna. IV.    {de    Valdeiglesias). 

P.  3,375. — San  Martin  de  Montalban,  a 
small  town,  24  miles  W.S.AV.  Toledo.— 
Rogue,  a  fortified  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Cadiz,  6  m.  N.N.W.  Gibraltar.  P.  7,691. 
— Pedro,  2  small  towns  of  Spain. — I. 
{del  Romeral),  26  m.  S.  Santander.     P. 

2,596. It    (^Maurique),   prov.   &    18 

miles  N.E.  Soria.  P.  627. — Salvator  de 
Cantamuda,  a  market  town,  10  miles 
W.N.W.  Cervera. 

San  Sebastian,  a  strongly  fortified 
city  &  seaport  of  Spain,  on  a  small  pe- 
ninsula in  the  bay  of  Biscay.  P.  13,000. 
It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  &  commanded  by 
its  citadel  of  Mota.  Its  harbor,  protected 
by  a  mole  &  well  defended,  is  small,  but 
the  city  has  a  large  import  trade  in 
English  &  French  goods,  &c.,  an  export 
trade  in  corn,  &c. — S-  Vicente,  a  town, 
prov.  &  33  m.  N.  Badajos.     P.  6,888. 

San,  Santa,  Santo,  towns,  &c.,  in 
Italy,  as  follow : 

San  (Lorenzo),  several  small  towns 

&  vills.  of  Italy. 1.  Pontif.  sta.,  near 

the  site  of  San  Lorenzo  Rovinato. II. 

Naples,  12  m.  E.S.E.  Reggio. III.  a 

town  of  Istria,  9  m.  W.S.W.  Pisino. 

IV.  a  seaport  vill.  of  Istria,  22  m.  S.S.W. 

Triest. V.  Central  Italy,  19  m.  E.S.E. 

TJrbino. VI.  {Maggiore),  Naples,   15 

m.  S.E.  Piedimonte. Luca,   a  small 

town  of  Naples,  13  m.  S.S.W.  Gerace. — 
Lussurgiu,  a  mkt.  town  of  the  island 
Sardinia,  22  m.  N.N.E.  Oristano.  P.  of 
comm.  4,460. — Marco,  a  town  of  Naples, 

20  m.  N.N.W.  Cosenza.     P,  1,200. 

II.  {de  Gavotti),  15  m.  N.E.  Benevento. 

III.  {in   Catola),  N.'E.  Ascoli.      P. 

3,000. IV.  {in  Lamis),  on  the  penin- 
sula of  Gargano,  18  m.  W.  Monte  San 

Angelo.    P.  9,000. V.  a  vill.  of  Sicily, 

15  m.  W.  Patti.  P.  2,600.— Mariino,  a 
town  of  Lombardy,  14  m.  W.S.AV.  Man- 
tua.  II.  Naples,   7  m.  N.E.   Larino. 

III.  Piedmont,  6  miles  S.W.  Ivrea. 

P.  2,416. IV.  Illyria,  5  m.  N.N.W. 

Goritz. V.  {d'Albaro),  2  m.  E.  Genoa. 

P.   3,003. VI.    {di  Lantosca),  Sard. 

sta.,  26  m.  N.  Nice.    P.  1,691. VII. 


{di  Venezia),  Lombardy,  5  m.  N.N.E. 
Rovigo. — Mariino,  a  vill.  of  Sicily,  6  m. 
W.  Palermo. — Padre,  a  mkt.  town  of 
Naples,  on  the  Melfa,  8  m.  S.  Sora. — • 
Pier  d' Arena,  a  mkt.  town  of  Sardinia, 
2  m.  W.  Genoa.  P.  7,716.— Piero-a- 
Sieve,  a  mkt.  town  of  Tuscany,   14  m. 

N.E.  Florence.     P.  2,500.— Pie^ro. 1. 

Lombardy,  12  miles  E.N.E.  Udine.     P. 

2,600. II.  Tuscany,  prov.  Pisa.      P. 

2,000. III.  Naples,  5  m.  S.  La  Polla. 

P.   3,500. IV.  {ad  Sephim),  3  miles" 

N.W.  Salerno.     P.  2,000. V.  {in  Ga- 

latina),  prov.  Otranto,  13  m.  S.  Lecce. 
P.  2,300.— A  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterr., 
off  the  S.W.  coast  of  Sardinia.  P.  2,200. 
— Ponte  San  Pictro  is  a  vill.  of  Lom- 
bardy, 3  miles  W.  Bergamo.  P.  1,500.- 
— Salvatore,  a  market  town  of  N.  Italy, 
Piedmont,  6  miles  N.W.  Alessandria. 
P.  5,929.— /Secondo,  a  comm.  &  market 
town  of  N.  Italy,  Piedmont,  2  miles 
S.S.AV.  Pinerolo.  P.  2,050.  Others  are 
in  Lombardy,  &  duchy  Parma. — /Se- 
verino,  a    town  of   the    Pontif.  sta.,    15 

m.  W.S.W.  Macerata.     P.   3,000. II. 

Naples,  22  m.  E.S.E.  Lagonegro. III. 

8  m.  N.  Salerno. — Severo,  a  town  of  Na- 
ples, 17  m.  N.W.  Foggia.  P.  17,000.— 
■Sosio,  a  market  town  of  Naples,  4  miles 
N.N.W.    Trevieo.      P.   2,000.  — Stefano, 

Sardinian  states. 1,  {al  Mare),  div. 

Nice.  6  miles  E.N.E.  San  Remo,  on  the 

Gulf  of  Genoa.     P.  of  comm.  918. II. 

{Belbo),  Piedmont,  13  miles  E.S.E.  Alba. 
P.  2,656. III.  {Roero),  7  m.  N.W.  Al- 
ba.    P.  2,060. IV.  {di  Nizza),  Nice, 

11  m.  N.N.E.  Guillaumes.     P.  2,338. 

San  Joao,  a  town  of  Portugal,  1  m. 

W.  Oporto,  on   the   Douro. II.  {da 

Pesquierd),  a  fortified  town,  22  m.  E. 
Lamego. 

San  Marino,  a  town  &  republic  of 
Italy,  forming  one  of  the  smallest  <fc  most 
ancient  states  of  Europe,  enclosed  on  all 
sides  by  the  Pontif.  sta.  Area,  22  sq.  m. 
P.  7,000.  It  consists  of  a  craggy  mntn. 
about  2,200  ft.  in  height,  on  which  is  the 
town ;  &  some  circumjacent  territories, 
with  4  or  5  vills.  The  town,  built  around 
a  hermitage  founded  in  441  by  Marinus, 
a  native  of  Dalmatia,  is  accessible  by  only 
one  road. 

San  MARtiNHO,  2  comms.  of  Portugal. 

1,  with  a  market  town  &  harb.  on  the 

Atlantic.  — ' —  II.  {dos  Mouros),  prov. 
Beira,  6  m.  N.W.  Lamego. 

Santa  (Anna  de  Chaves),  the  cap. 
town  of  the  Portuguese  island  St.  Thomas, 
in  the  gulf  of  Guinea.  It  consists  of  about 
500  wooden  houses. — Cruz,  the  cap.  town, 
of  the  island  Teneriffe,  &  of  the  Canary 


san] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


685 


islands  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Tenerifife. 
p.  9,370.  It  has  broad  streets,  flat-roofed 
&  white-washed  houses,  &  the  best  harbor 

in  the   Canary  islands. II.  the  cap. 

town  of  the  Canary  island  Palma,  on  its 

E.  coast.     P.  5,641. III.  a  town  on 

the  W.  coast  of  the  isL  Luzon,  Philippines, 
110  m.  N.N.W.  Manila.     P.  5,400. 

Santa  Anna,  co.,  New  Mexico.  P. 
4,645. — Lucia,  one  of  the  Cape  Verd  isls., 

Atlantic  ocean.     L.  10  m. ;  br.  3  m. 

II.  a  river  of  Uruguay,  joins  the  Plata 
estuary,  7  m.  N.W.  Monte  Video.     L. 

100  m. III.  a  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of 

Borneo.     Lat.  4°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  117°  E. 

Santa  (Ckoce),  a  market  town,  Sicily, 

CO.  &  13  m.  S.W.  Modiea. II.  a  mkt. 

town,  on  the  Arno,  4  m.  N.W.  San  Mini- 
ate.    P.  5, 100. III.  a  town  of  lUyria, 

14  m.  E.S.E.  Goritz. IV.  (di  Mag- 

liano),  a  market  town  of  Naples,  8  m. 

S.E.  Larino.     P.  3,410. V.  {di  Mor- 

cone),  a  market  town,  12  m.  S.S.E.  0am- 
pobasso.  P.  3,040. — Cape  Santa  Croce 
is  a  headland  on  the  E.  coast  of  Sicily. — 
Lucia,  a  market  town  of  Sicily,  7  m.  S.S.E. 

Milazzo.    P.  4,500. II.  {in  Melazzo), 

Naples,  4  m.  N.W.  Salerno.     P.  3,000.— 

Maria,  sevl.  towns,  Italy  &  Sicily. 1. 

(d'Anglona),  Naples,  on  the  Agri,  5  m. 

E.  Tursi. II.  (di  Capoa),  3  m.  S.E. 

Capua.     P.  9,300. III.  {di  Leuca), 

prov.  Otranto,  at  its  S.  extremity,  29  m. 

S.W.  Gallipoli.      P.   3,400. IV.   {A 

Vico),  a  vill.  in  the  prov.  T.  di  Lavoro, 

dist.  Nola.    P.  4,800. V.  {di  Niscemi), 

a  vill.  of  Sicily,  28  m.  S.E.  Caltanisetta. 

P.  1,100. VI.  {Maggiore),  a  market 

town,  N.  Italy.     P.  of  comm.  1,212. 

Santa  (Eulalia),  a  town  in  the  island 
Iviza,  Balearic  islands.  P.  3,220. — S.  Fe, 
a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  &  5  m.  W.  Granada. 
P.  4,355. 

Santa  Maria,  a  market  town  of  Ma- 
jorca, 7  m.  N.E.  Palma.  And  the  follow- 
ing towns — Maria  de  RosaL  18  m.  S.W. 

Burgos.     P.  5,188. II.  35  m.  S.S.E. 

Cuenca.    P.  692. III.  {de  los  Llanos), 

18  m.  E.S.E.  Ciudad  Real. IV.  {del 

Paramo),  20  m.  S.S.W.  Leon. V.  {de 

Nieva),  5  m.  NW.  Segovia.     P.   1,700. 

VI.  {de  Marin),  a  market  town,  9  m. 

N.  Vigo. VII.  a  village  of  the  island 

Ustica. VIII.  a  vill.  of  Corsica,  9  m. 

E.  Ajaccio. IX.  the  most  S.  extremity 

of  Portugal,  7  m.  S.E.  Faro. 

Santa  Mabta,  several  market  towns 

of  Spain.— I.  19  m.  S.S.E.  Badajoz. 

II.  at  the  head  of  the  bay  of  Santa  Marta, 

6  m.  S.  Cape  Ortegal. III.  {de  Tera), 

Leon,  11m.  W.N.W.  Benavente. 

Santa  Maetha,  a  town  of  Portugal, 


7  m.  S.S.W.  Villa  Real.    P.  2,000. IL 

a  vill.,  prov.  Minho,  11  m.  N.  Viana,  with 
1,000  inhabs. 

Santa  Maura,  one  of  the  Ionian  isls., 
under  the  protection  of  Great  Britain. 
L.  22  m.  Estim.  area,  180  sq.  m.  P. 
18,000.  A  chain  of  limestone  mountains 
intersects  it  from  N.  to  S.  covering  the 
surface  with  its  spurs,  &  terminating  S.W. 
in  the  promontory  of  Cape  Ducato  (anc. 
Ziewcadia),  famous  as  "Sappho's  leap," 
&  from  the  white  cliffs  of  which  the  island 
derived  its  name.  Mount  St.  Elias  in  the 
centre,  is  3,000  feet  in  height. 

Santo  Stefano. 1,  a  town  of  Na- 
ples, 14  m.  W.  Saint  Angelo  dei  Lom- 

bardi. II.  Pontif.  sta.,  9  m.  S.W.  Fro- 

sinone. III.  Sicily,  3J  m.  N.W.  Mis- 

tretta.    P.  2,500. IV.  Austr.  Albania, 

6  m.  S.E.  Budua. V.  an  islet  off  the 

N.  coast  of  Sardinia. 

Sana,  the  cap.  city  of  Yemen,  Arabia, 
in  a  fine  valley,  4,000  feet  above  the  sea, 
110  m.  E.N.E.  Hodeida.  P.  40,000.  It 
is  enclosed  by  walls  51  m.  in  circumfer- 
ence, &  mounting  some  cannons. 

San  Augustine,  co.,  Texas.     P.  3,647. 

Sanbornton,  t.,  Belknap  co.  New 
Hampshire. 

Sancasse,  an  inhabited  island,  Indian 
ocean,  off  Nareenda  bay. 

Sancerre,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Cher,  26  m.  N.E.  Bourges.   P.  2,813. 

Sancoins,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Cher,  30  m.  S.E.  Bourges.     P.  1,497. 

Sanda,  or  Sanday,  several  islands  of 

Scotland. 1.  Orkney,  2i  m.  S.  of  N. 

Ronaldshay.     L.  12  m.     P.  1,892. IL 

Inner  Hebrides,  Small  Isles,  on  the  E. 

side  of  Canna. III.  a  small  island  at 

the  W.  side  of  entrance  of  the  firth  of 
Clyde. 

Sandalwood  Island,  an  island  of  the 
Asiatic  archipelago,  S.  the  island  Flores, 
L.  about  120  m. ;  gr.  br.  60  m. 

Sandau,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
49  m.  N.N.E.  Magdeburg.    P.  1,403. 

Sandbach,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  &  24  m.  E.S.E.  Chester. 

Sandchoo,  a  town  of  Chinese  Turkes- 
tan, 150  m.  S.E.  Yarkund,  &  inhabited 
by  1,000  families. 

Sandec  (Neu  &  Alt),  two  towns  of 

Austrian   Poland,  Galicia. 1.   49   m. 

S.E.  Cracow.    P.  5,224. II.  6  m.  S.W. 

the  latter.     P.  3,255. 

Sandeha  Isl.,  one  of  the  outer  Hebri- 
des. 

Sandersleben,  a  town  of  Germany. 
P.  1,779.  _  ^ 

Sandersveil,  a  town  of  India,  36  m. 
S.E.  Surat. 


686 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHr. 


[sAN 


Sandehsvillb,   cap.  Washington  co 
Ga. 
■  Sandford,  t.,  York  eo.  Me.     P.  2,233. 
II.  p-t.,  Broome  co.  N.  Y.     P.  1,173. 

Sanding  (Pclo),  two  islands  off  the 
S.AV".  coast  of  Sumatra. 

Sandisfield,  t.,  Berkshire  co.  Mass. 
P.  1,464. 

Sand  Lake,  p-t.,  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  2,558. 

Sandomir,  a  walled  town  of  Poland, 
51  m.  S.W.  Lublin.     P.  4,500. 

Sandoway,  a  town  of  British  India, 
40  m.  S.E.  the  island  Cheduba. 

Sandown,  a  hamlet  &  fort  of  England, 
Isle  of  Wight,  on  its  S.E.  coast. 

Sandukli,  a  small  town  of  Asia- Mi- 
nor, Anatolia,  67  m.  S.  Kutayah. 

Sandusky,  a  co.  in  N.W.  of  Ohio, 
drained  by  Sandusky  river,  which  flows 
into  bay  of  same  name.     Area  of  co.  320 

sq.  m.     P.  14,305. II.  a  port  &  cap. 

of  above  co.,  on  Sandusky  bay,  L.  Erie, 
95  m.  N.  Columbus.  P.  1,200,  partly  em- 
ployed in  ship-building.  The  town  is 
beautifully  situated,  &  is  built  mostly  of 
fine  stone  from  the  vicinity.  It  has  a 
busy  lake  trade,  mostly  carried  on  by 
steamers. 

Sandwich,  a  cinque  port  &  town  of 
England,  eo.  Kent,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the 

Stour,   2  m.  from  its  mouth. II.  t., 

Barnstable  co.  Mass.,  on  the  isthmus  of 
Cape  Cod.    P.  4,368. 

Sandwich  Bay,  the  name  of  inlets  of 
E.  Labrador,  &  island  MallicoUo,  Pacific 
ocean. — Sandwich  cape,  E.  Australia,  is 
on  Hincbinbrook  island. — Sandwich  isl- 
and is  the  name  of  two  isls..  Pacific  ocean, 
respectively  in  the  Hebrides  group,  & 
S.W.  New  Ireland. 

Sandwich  Islands,  a  group,  N.  Pa- 
cific ocean,  mostly  between  lat.  18°  50' 
&  22°  20'  N.,  &  Ion.  155°  &  160°  W. 
Principal  islands,  Hawaii  (or  Owyhee), 
Mowee,  Woahoo,  Kauai,  Molokoi,  &  some 
of  less  size.  Aggregate  area,  6,090  sq.  m., 
&  p.  from  100,000  to  185,000.  Climate 
very  salubrious.  Missionary  stations 
were  established  in  1820,  &  a  large  pro- 
portion of  the  natives  are  now  converted 
to  Christianity.  In  1846,  there  were  24 
American  missionaries,  357  schools,  &  18,- 
000  pupils,  with  several  printing  presses 
&  newspapers.  The  islands  are  frequent- 
ed by  whaling  vessels,  &  are  in  the  great 
line  of  commerce  now  being  established 
between  California,  China,  &  Australasia. 
Gross  value  of  imports  in  1850,  $1,053,- 
058,  of  which  $131,505  were  from  Cali- 
fornia. The  whole  number  of  merchant 
vessels  that  visited  the  islands  in  1850 


I  was  469 ;  of  whalers,  237.  The  gov.  & 
people  of  the  Sandwich  Islands  are  said 
to  be  anxious  for  annexation  to  the  U.  S. 

Sandy,  r.,  Va.  &  Ky.,  enters  the  Ohio. 

L.  200  m. II.  t.,  Tuscarawas  co.  0. 

P.  1,265. III.  t.,  Stark  co.  0.    P.  1,444. 

IV.  t.,  Carroll  co.  N.  H.     P. 

Sandy  Cheek,  p-t.,  Oswego  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  2,420. II.  p-t.,  Mercer  co.  Pa.     P. 

1,965. 

Sandy  Hill,  p-v.  &  semi-cap.,  AVash- 
ington  CO.  N.  Y  ,  on  Hudson  river,  near  a 
fall  of  12  ft.     P.  1,000. 

Sandy  Hook,  Monmouth  co.  N.  J.,  is 
a  sandy  beach,  extending  N.  from  the  S. 
point  of  the  highlands  of  Nevesink  6  m., 
&  is  from  ^  to  1  mile  wide,  &  includes 
Sandy  Hook  bay,  7  m.  long  &  6  wide. 

Sandy  Lake,  p-t.,  Mercer  co.  N.  J. 
P.  1,566. 

Sandy  Mount,  a  vill.  of  Ireland,  Lein- 
ster,  CO.  &  2j  m.  S.S.E.  Dublin,  on  Dublin 
bay.     It  is  frequented  for  sea-bathing. 

Sandy  River,  rises  in  Virginia.,  flows 
mostly  N.  along  the  boundary  betw.  that 
state  &  Ky.,  &  joins  the  Ohio.    L.  130  m. 

Sandyston,  p-t.,  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  P. 
1,209. 

Sanfre,  a  town  of  Piedmont,  10  m.  W. 
Alba.     P.  1,718. 

Sanfront,  a  vill.  of  Piedmont,  8  m. 
W.  Saluzzo.     P.  of  comm.  4,113. 

Sanga,  a  considerable  fortified  town  of 
Japan,  isl.  Kiusiu,  55  m.  N.E.  Nangasaki. 

Sangamon,  r..  111.,  unites  with  111.  r. 

II.  a  central  co.  111.  Area,  900  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Springfield.     P.  19,128. 

Sangerfield,  p-t.,  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  2,371. 

Sangerhausen,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  31  m.  W.N.W.  Merseburg.  P. 
5,720. 

Sangerville,  t.,  Piscataquis  co.  Me. 
P.  1,197. 

Sangir,  an  island  of  the  Asiatic  ar- 
chipelago, midway  between  Celebes  & 
Mindahao.     L.  30  m.,  av.  br.  10  m. 

Sang-koi,  Further  India,  rises  in  the 
Chinese  prov.  Tuh-nan,  flows  S.W.,  & 
enters  the  gulf  of  Tonquin  by  many 
mouths.     Total  course  estim.  at  600  m. 

Sangora,  a  marit.  town  of  Lr.  Siam, 
on  a  bay  of  the  W.  side  of  the  G.  of 
Siam. 

Sangro,  a  river  of  Naples,  after  an 
E.  &  N.E.  course  of  65  m.,  enters  the 
Adriatic. 

Sang0esa,  a  town  of  Spain,  25  m.  S.E. 
Pamplona,  on  the  Aragon.     P.  3,449. 

Sanguinetto,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy, 

18  m.  S.S.E.  Verona.    P.  3,000. II. 

a  rivulet  of  Central  Italy,  Pontif.  sta. 


san] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


68? 


Sangwin,  a  river  of  Guinea,  Grain 
coast,  enters  the  Atlantic. 

Sanilac,  N.E.  eo.  Mich.  Area,  730 
8q.  m.     P.  2,012. 

Sanjore,  or  Sachore,  a  town  of  W. 
Hindostan,  130  m.  W.  Odeypoor. 

Sankaseer,  a  town  of  S.  India,  102 
m.  S.S.E.  Sattarah. 

Sannois,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  12  m.  N.N.E.  Ver- 
sailles.    P.  1,603. 

Sanok,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland,  38 
m.  S.W.  Jaroslavl.     P.  1,800. 

San-po,  a  large  river  of  Tibet,  flows 
E.-ward,  &  has  been  traced  as  far  as  Ion. 
93°  E.,  beyond  which  point  it  is  believed 
to  be  continuous  with  the  Dihong,  a  chief 
arm  of  the  Brahmaputra. 

Sanquhar,  an  inland  town  of  Scotl., 
CO.  &,  24  m.  N.N.W.  Dumfries. 

San  Salvador,  a  town  of  Africa,  S. 
Guinea,  cap.  of  Congo.     P.  20,000. 

Sansan,  a  town  of  Central  Africa, 
Houssa. 

Sansanding,   two   towns   of    Central 

Africa. 1,  state  Bambarra,  on  the  Jo- 

liba,  20  m.  N.E.  Sego.  P.  11,000  inhabs. 
Here  Mungo  Park  embarked  in  his 
schooner  to  descend  the  river   in  1805. 

II.  state  "Wulli,  on  an  afQ.   of  the 

Senegal. 

SansariA,  a  market  town  of  Central 
America,  state  &  E.  Guatemala. 

Sansego,  an  island  of  the  Adriatic, 
Illyria. 

Sansellas,  a  town  of  the  island  Ma- 
jorca, 15  m.  E.N.B.  Palma.     P.  3,213. 

Santa,  a  town  of  N.  Peru,  65  m.  S.E. 
Truxillo. — The  river  Santa  has  a  N.W. 
course  of  200  m. 

Santander,  a  prov.  of  Spain,  having 
N.  the  bay  of  Biscay.  P.  169,057.  Its 
S.  part  is  traversed  by  the  Cantabrian 
mntns.  On  the  coast  are  harbs.  of  San- 
tander &  Santona,  which  with  Santillana 
&  Reynosa,  are  its  chief  towns. — San- 
tander, the  cap.,  is  picturesquely  sit- 
uated on  a  headland  extending  into  the 
bay  of  Biscay,  53  m.  "W.N.W.  Bilbao.  P. 
15,286.  Harbor  spacious  &  well  sheltered, 
has  a  handsome  quay,  &  it  is  one  of  the 
princip.  marts  for  the  supply  of  Madrid. 

Santander,  a  river  of  the  Mexican 
confed.,  enters  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  110 
m.  N.  Tampico. 

Santanilla,  two  islands  of  the  Carib- 
bean sea,  at  the  entrance  of  the  bay  of 
Honduras. 

Santarem,  a  river-port  &  town  of 
Portugal,  on  the  Tagus,  50  N.N.E.  Lis- 
bon.   P.  8,000. 

Santarem,  a   town  of  Brazil,  at  its 


confluence  with  the  Amazon,  60  m.  S.W. 
Montalegre.  P.  10,000.— The  Santarem 
channel,  W.  Indies,  between  the  Great 
Bahama  &  Salt-key  banks. 

Santa  Rosa,  a  town  of  Chile,  18  m. 
E.S.E.  San  FeUpe.     P.  6,000. 

Santerno,  a  river  of  Tuscany,  & 
Pontif.  sta.,  joins  the  Po-di-Primaro. 
Total  course  55  m. 

Santerre,  an  old  subdiv.  of  France. 

Santhia,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Pied- 
mont, 12  miles  N.W.  Vercelli.  Pop.  of 
comm.  4,174.  Here  Charlemagne  re- 
ceived presents  from  Haroun-al-Raschid, 
&  Amurath,  an  African  Moorish  chief. 

Santiago,  two  rivers  of  S.  America, 

Ecuador. 1,  after  an  E.  course  of  180 

m.,  joins  the  Amazon. II.  dep.  Ecua- 
dor, enters  Saldinas  bay.  L.  75  m. — 
A  small  river  of  same  name.  Central 
America,  state  San  Salvador,  enters  the 
Pacific  ocean. — Gape  Santiago  is  a  head- 
land, W.  coast  of  Luzon,  Philippines. 

Santiago,  the  largest  <fc  most  S.  of 
the  Cape  Verd  islands,  Atlantic  ocean, 
off  the  W.  extremity  of  Africa.  L.  35  m., 
br.  12  m.  P.  10,000.  Surface  elevated, 
&  Mount  St.  Antonio,  in  its  centre,  rises 
to  7,400  feet  in  height.  Chief  town,  Por- 
to Praya,  on  the  S.  coast. — Santiago  or 
Ribeira  Grande,  is  a  town  with  a  small 
habor,  7  m.  W.  Porto  Praya. 

Santiago,  a  dep.  of  Chile.  Area, 
8,480  sq.m.-  P.  180,000. 

Santiago,  the  cap.  city  of  Chile,  & 
cap.  dep.  Santiago,  on  the  Maypocho,  an 
affluent  of  the  Maypu,  60  m.  E.S.E.  "Val- 
paraiso. P.  65,000.  It  stands  on  an 
elevated  slope,  &  is  surrounded  by  a  high 
wall.  In  its  public  buildings  it  is  infe- 
rior to  Lima  &  Buenos  Ayres,  but  it 
greatly  surpasses  those  cities  in  cleanli- 
ness ;  &  it  is  one  of  the  most  healthy  & 
agreeable  capitals  in  America.  It  is 
laid  out  with  great  regularity.  This  city 
was  founded  by  Valdivia  in  1541. 

Santiago,  numerous  small  towns  or 

vills.  of  America. 1.  Ecuador,  on  the 

Amazon. U-  Bolivia,  dep.  Santa  Cruz, 

190  m.  S.E.  Chiquitos. III.  Paraguay, 

60  m.  W.N.W.  Itapua. IV.  Mexican 

confed.,    58   m.   S.E.  Acaponeta. V. 

{de  Alanje),  New  Granada,  dep.  Isthmus, 

90  m.  W.  Veragua. VI.  (de  les  Ata- 

layas),  N.  Granada,  70  m.  E.N.E.  Bogo- 
ta.  VII.  {Atitlan),  Central  America, 

state  &  90  in.  W.  Guatemala,  between 
two  volcanoes,  from  8,000  to  10,000  feet 
in  elevation. 

Santiago  de  Cacem,  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, near  the  coast,  34  m.  S.S.E.  Setu- 
bal.    P.  2,000. 


*    ■■*, 


*'^''<i.., 


688 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GKOGKAPHV. 


[SAR 


Santiago  de  Compostela,  a  city  of 
Spain,  formerly  cap.  of  Galicia,  33  miles 
S.S.W.  Coruna,  on  the  Sar.  P.  28,970. 
It  is  built  around  its  celebrated  cathedral ; 
lias  numerous  arcades,  fountains,  &  scal- 
lop shells.  The  cathedral,  with  a  modern 
front,  noble  cloisters,  &  a  portion  of  the 
original  edifice  of  the  9th  century,  has  a 
very  striking  interior.  Santiago  has  an 
university,  into  which  all  its  colleges 
have  been  incorporated. 

Santiago  de  Cuba,  a  maritime  city, 
&  formerly  the  cap.  of  Cuba,  now  the 
second  in  rank  &  p.  in  the  island,  &  cap. 
its  E.  division,  on  the  riv.  Santiago,  6  m. 
from  its  mouth  on  the  S.  coast.  P.  26.738. 
It  is  well  built ;  streets  wide,  &  houses 
chiefly  of  stone  ;  but  being  hemmed  in 
by  mountains,  it  is  unhealthy.  Its  port, 
.  4  m.  in  length,  is  well  sheltered,  defended 
by  several  forts,  &  deep  enough  for  ships 
of  the  line.  In  commercial  importance, 
Santiago  ranks  immediately  after  Ha- 
vana &  Matanzas. 

Santiago  de  la  Espada,  a  town  of 
Spain,  73  m.  N.E.  Jaen.     P.  4,353. 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas,  an  inland 
t.  of  Cuba,  15  m.  S.  Havana.     P.  5,500. 

Santiago  del  Estbro,  the  central 
dep.  of  the  Plata  confederation.  P. 
48,000.  It  comprises  two  cultivated 
tracts  along  the  rivers  Salado,  &  Dulco. 

Principal  towns,  Santiago  &  Matara. 

II.  the  cap.  town  of  the  above  dep.,  on 
the  Rio  Dulce.  P.  4,000.  It  was  founded 
in  1562. 

Santiago  de  los  Caballeros,  a  town 
of  Hayti,  in  its  N.  part,  103  m.  E.  Cape 
Haytien.     P.  12,000. 

Santi  Bachully,  a  consid'ble  walled 
vill.  of  S.  India,  4  m.  N.W.  Seringapatam. 

Santillana,  a  town  of  Spain,  15  m. 
W.S.W.  Santander.     P.  1,112. 

Santipooh,  a  town  of  British  India, 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Hooghly  river,  47 
m.  N.  Calcutta. 

Santomysl,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
18  m.  S.S.E.  Posen.    P.  1,425. 

Santona,  a  fortified  town  of  Spain, 
16  m.  E.  Santander,  on  a  peninsular 
headland  in  the  bay  of  Biscay.  P.  934. 
It  has  an  arsenal,  barracks  &  military 
magazines,  anchor  forges,  &  a  port  adapt- 
ed for  ships  of  the  line. 

Santorin,  an  island  of  the  Grecian 
archipelago,  13  m.  S.  the  isl.  Nio.  It  is 
half-moon  shaped ;  length  10  m.;  great- 
est breadth  8  m.  Area,  41  sq.  m.  P. 
13,063. 

Santos,  a  maritime  town  of  Brazil, 
34  m.  S.S.E.  San  Paulo.  P.  8,000.  Its 
harbor  admits  large  vessels.  &  it  has  an 


active  export  trade,  chiefly  in  sugar. 

II.  (Los),  a  town  of  New  Granada,  dep. 
Isthmus. 

Sanvic,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine  Inf.     P.  2,580. 

Sanyassicotta,  a  town  of  British 
India,  80  m.  N.W.  Rungpoor. 

Sanza,  a  town  of  Naples,  13  m.  N. 
Polic-a.stro.     P.  2,600. 

Saona,  an  isl.  off  the  S.E.  extremity 
of  Hayti.     L.  15  m.;  br.  5  m. 

Saone,  a  river  of  France,  enters  the 
Rhone  on  right,  at  Lyon.     L.  225  m. 

Sa6ne  (Haute),  a  dep.  of  France,  in 
the  N.E.,  formed  of  part  of  the  old 
prov.  Franche-Comte,  cap.  Vesoul.  Area, 
1,792  sq.  m.     P.  347,469. 

Sa6ne-et-Loire,  a  dep.  of  France,  in 
the  E.,  formed  of  part  of  the  old  prov. 
Burgundy,  cap.  Macon.  Area,  3,321  sq.  m. 
P.  574,720.  Surface  mntnous.,  traversed 
S.  to  N.  by  the  mntns.  of  the  CGte-d'-Or, 
which  separate  the  basins  of  the  Saone 
&  Rhone. 

Saorgio,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Sardinian 
dom.,  25  m.  N.E.  Nice.  P.  of  comm. 
2,689. 

Saowlee,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan,  18 
m.  N.  Baroda. 

Sapan  Tagh,  a  mountain  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  40  m.  N.W.  Van.  Estim.  elev., 
9,500  to  10,000  feet. 

Saparoua,  one  of  the  small  Amboyna 
isls.,  E.  archip.  about  20 miles  in  circuit. 

Sapata,  a  small  isl.  of  the  China  sea, 

90  m.  S.  Cape  Padaran. II.  an  isl.  off 

the  W.  coast  of  Borneo. 

Sapienza,  one  of  the  small  Greek 
isls.,  off  the  S.W.  coast  of  the  Morea. 
L.  5  m. ;  br.  2  m. 

Saponara,  a  town  of  Naples.  11  m. 
S.E.  Marsico  Nuovo.     P.  3,400. 

Saposhok,  a  town  of  Russia,  59  m. 
S.E.  Riazan.    P.  4,000. 

Sapri,  a  market  town  of  Naples,  6  m. 
E.  Policastro.     P.  15,000. 

Sapucahi,  a  river  of  Brazil,  joins  the 
Rio  Grande,  after  a  course  of  200  miles. 
The  town  Sapucchi,  on  its  banks,  is  180 
m,  S.W.  Ouro  Preto.     P.  3,000. 

Saquarema,  a  town  of  Brazil,  29  m. 
E.  Rio-de-Janeiro.     P.  7,000. 

Sarabat,  a  river  of  Asia-Minor,  Ana- 
tolia, after  a  W.  course  of  180  m.  enters 
the  gulf  of  Smyrna. 

Saracena,  a  town  of  Naples,  8  m. 
AV.S.W.  Cassano.     P.  3,000. 

Saraisk,  a  town  of  Russia,  35  m. 
W.N.W.  Riazan.     P.  5,670. 

Sarakino,  an  islet  of  tho  Greoiad 
archipelago,  6  m.  long. 

Saeamaca,  a  river  of  Dutch  Guiana, 


^*»«K**^f 


sar] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


G89 


after  a  N.  course  of  200  m.  enters  the 
Atlantic. 

Saramon,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gers,  12  m.  S.E.  Aucli.    P.  1,276. 

Saranac,  p-t.,  Clinton  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
2,582. — Saranac  lake,  5  m.  in  length, 
gives  efflux  to  Saranac  river,  which  en- 
ters Lake  Champlain  at  Plattsburg,  after 
a  N.E.-ward  course  of  55  m. 

Saransk,  a  town  of  Russia,  70  m.  N. 
Penza.     P.  8,780. 

Sarapilly,  a  town  of  British  India, 
10  m.  S.  Nellore. 

SARAPiaui,  a  riv.  of  Central  America, 
tributary  to  the  San  Juan  de  Nicaragua. 

Sarapul,  a  town  of  Russia,  195  m. 
S.E.  Viatka,  on  the  Kama.  P.  6,000. 
It  is  the  centre  of  a  large  trade  in  timber 
&  masts.  Upwards  of  20,000  persons 
annually  attend  its  large  fair. 

Saraswati,  a  riv.  of  W.  Hindostan, 
enters  the  head  of  the  gulf  of  Cutch. 
It  is  held  sacred  by  Hindoos.  Length, 
100  miles. 

Saratoga,  an  E.  co.  N.  Y.     Area,  800 

sq.  m.   Cap.  Ballston  spa.    P.  45,646. 

II.  (Lake),  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.,  9  m.  long. 

III.  t.,  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y. — (Springs), 

p-t.,  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.   P.  4,650. IV. 

p-v.,  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.,  containing  the 
most  celebrated  spa  in  the  U.  States,  32 
m.  N.  Albany.  P.  3,492.  Here  are  7 
principal  springs,  strongly  impregnated 
with  saline  matters  &  iron  ;  &  the  vill. 
has  many  large  hotels  &  boarding  houses, 
churches  &  academies.  Near  it  the 
British  troops  under  Burgoyne  surren- 
dered to  the  American  General  Gates 
1777. 

Saratov,  a  gov.  of  Russia.  Area, 
74,730  sq.  m.  P.  1,718,000.  Surface  in 
the  W.  hilly,  &  in  many  parts  fertile  ; 
but  the  E.  is  a  wide  desert  steppe.  Prin- 
cipal towns,  Saratov,  the  cap.,  Petrovsk, 
Kamuschin,  &  Tzaritzin. — Saratov,  the 
fortified  cap.,  is  situated  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Volga,  290  m.  E.  Voroniej.  P.  45,000.  It 
consists  of  an  upper  &  a  lower  town, 
built  chiefly  of  wood. 

Sarawak,  or  Sarwa,  a  town  of  the 
Burmese  dom.,  Pegu,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Irra- 
wadi,  80  m.  N.W.  Rangoon. 

Sarawak,  a  countrj^  of  Borneo,  on  the 
N.  coast  of  the  island,  near  its  W.  side, 
cap.  Sarawak,  formerly  Kuchin.  P. 
12,000. 

Sarawan,  a  prov.  of  Beloochistan, 
having  N.  Affghanistan.  Estim.  area, 
15,000  sq.m.  P.  50,000.  Surface  most- 
ly mountainous  &  rugged ;  Tukatoo  in 
the  N.  rises  to  upwards  of  11,000  ft.  in 
height.     Princip.  towns  Sarawan,  Quetta, 


&  Mustung. — Sarawan  the  cap.,  98  m.' 
W.  Kelat,  consists  of  about  500  houses. 

Sarblingstein,  a  mkt.  town  of  Upper 
Austria,  on  the  Danube,  28  m.  S.E. 
Ereistadt. 

Sard,  two  mkt.  towns  of  the  Austrian 

dom. 1.  Transylvania,  5  m.  N.N.W. 

Karlsburg. II.  W.  Hungary,  10  m. 

W.N.W.  Kaposvar. 

Sardaea,  a  vill.  of  the  isl.  Sardinia, 
23  m.  S.E.  Oristano.     P.  of  comm.  2,127. 

Sardinia,  a  large  island  of  the  Med- 
iterranean, S.  of  Corsica,  from  which  it  is 
separated  by  the  strait  of  Bonifacio,  115 
m.  S.W.  the  nearest  point  of  the  Italian 
peninsula.  Area,  9,167  sq.  m.  P.  524,- 
633,  cap.  Cagliari.  Surface  generally 
mntnous.  Mount  Genargentu,  near  its 
centre,  is  7,000  feet  in  elev.  On  the  W. 
are  extensive  plains.  The  Tirso  is  the 
largest  river  in  the  island.  The  religion 
is  exclusively  Roman  Catholic.  There 
are  two  universities,  one  at  Cagliari  with 
402,  &  another  at  Sassari  with  318  stu- 
dents. There  is  a  primary  school  in  each 
village.  Sardinia  was  colonized  by  the 
Carthaginians,  from  whom  it  was  taken 
by  the  Romans  in  the  3d  Punic  war.  On 
the  fall  of  the  Western  Empire,  it  came 
successively  under  the  power  of  the  Van- 
dals, Goths,  &  Moors.  At  the  end  of  the 
12th  century,  it  was  held  by  the  Genoese, 
&  afterwards  by  the  kings  of  Aragon  till 
1713.     In  1720  it  was  acquired  by  Savoy 

in  exch.  for  Sicily. 11.' (Kingdom  of), 

or  The  Sardinian  Dominions,  a  kingdom 
of  S.  Europe,  in  the  N.  of  Italy,  consist- 
ing of  two  parts.  —  I.  the  Continental 
States ;  &  II.  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
from  which  the  state  has  its  name.  The 
continental  portion  is  bounded  N.  &  E.  by 
Switzerland,  Austrian-Italy,  Parma,  & 
Modena,  S.  by  the  Mediterranean,  &  W. 
by  France,  cap.  Turin.  Area,  29,102. 
P.  4,650,368.  The  silk  of  Piedmont  is 
considered  the  best  in  Italy.  Chief  ex- 
ports cattle,  iron,  silk  fabrics,  olive  oil, 

&  flax. III.  p-t.,  Erie  co.  N.  Y.     P. 

1,761. 

Sardis,  a  ruined  city  of  Asia-Minor. 
Anatolia,  in  antiquity  the  cap.  of  Lydia, 
at  the  N.  foot  of  Mount  Tmolus,  50  m. 
N.E.  Smyrna. 

Sareila,  a  fortified  town  of  British 
India,  presid.  Bengal,  25  m.  S.W.  Kalpee. 

Sarepta,  a  fortfd.  town  of  Russia,  in 
its  S.  part,  oh  the  Sarpa,  15  m.  S.  Tzarit- 
zin.    P.  4,000. 

Sares-Kend,  a  vill.  of  N.Persia,  S.W. 
Miana. 

Sarhaut,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  5  m. 
W.  Moorshedabad. 


690 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEGGRAPHV. 


SAR 


Saei,  the  cap.  town  of  the  Persian 
prov.  Mazanderan,  20  m.  E.  Balfrush. 
P.  40,000;  but  in  1830  it  had  been  so 
depopulated  by  the  cholera,  as  to  have 
scarcely  300  inhabs.  It  is  enclosed  by  a 
ditch  &  a  mud  wall,  flanked  by  pentago- 
nal brick  towers,  but  kept  in  very  bad 
repair. 

Sarinena,  a  town  of  Spain,  26  m.  S.E. 
Huesca.     P.  2,560. 

Sahinghur,  a  town  of  India,  62  m.  W. 
Supribhulpoor. 

Sark,  one  of  the  islands  in  the  Engl. 

channel. II.  a  small  river  of  Scotl., 

CO.  Dumfries,  enters  the  Solway  fivth. 

Saekad,  a  mkt.  town  of  E.  Hungary, 
33  m.  S.W.  Gross-Wardein.     P.  3,324. 

Sarkholm,  a  small  island  in  the  gulf 
of  Riga. 

Sarlat,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Dordogne,  32  m.  S.E.  Perigueux. 
P.  4,157.  Fenelon  was  born  here  in  1651. 

Sarlo  (Na&y),  a  market  town  of  W. 
Hungary,  10  m.  S.  Bars. 

Sarmatta,  one  of  the  Serwatty  isls., 
Asiatic  archipelago,  30  m.  in  circuit. 

Sarnano,  a  walled  town  of  Central 
Italy,  Pontif.  sta.     P.  4,000. 

Sarne,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  53 
m.  S.  Posen.     P.  1,820. 

Sarnen,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  on  the 
Aa,  at  its  emergence  from  the  lake  of 
Sarnen,  11  m.  S.  Lucerne.  P.  3,000.— 
The  lake  of  Sarnen,  S.  the  vill.,  is  3  m. 
in  length  by  1  m.  in  breadth. 

Sarnico,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  15  m. 
B.S.E.  Bergamo.     P.  1,740. 

Sarno,  a  town  of  Naples,  cap.  cant., 
13  m.  N.W.  Salerno.  P.  7,000.  Here 
was  fought  a  battle  betw.  the  troops  of 
Justinian  &  the  Goths,  which  ended  in 
the  defeat  of  the  latter  &  the  fall  of  the 
Gothic  sway  in  Italy. 

Saronno,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy, 
Lombardy,  14  miles  N.W.  Milan.  P. 
3,000. 

Saros  (Gclf  of),  an  inlet  of  the  .^ge- 
an  sea,  European  Turkey.  L.  40  miles, 
br.  20  miles. 

Saros  (Nagy-Patak),  a  market  town 
of  N.  Hungary,  15  m.  S.W.  Zemplin. 
P.  5,100. 

Sarowy,  a  town  of  N.W.  Hindostan, 
62  m.  W.  Odeypoor. 

Sarpa,  a  river  of  Russia,  flows  N.  & 
joins  the  Volga.     L.  200  miles. 

Sarralbe,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Moselle,  9  m.  S.S.W.  Sarreguemines. 
p.  2,352. — Sarrance  is  a  comm.  &  vill., 
dep.  B.  Pyrenees,  10  m.  S.  Oleron.  P. 
1,271. 

Saeeancolin,    a   comm.  &    town  of  j 


France,  dep.  H.  Pyrenees,  13  m.  E.S.B. 
Bagneres.     P.  1,079. 

Sarre,  a  riv.of  France  &  N.W.  Germ'y, 
joins  the  Moselle,  5  m.  S.W.  Treves.  L. 
120  m.,  for  50  m.  of  which  it  is  navig. 

Sarreai.,  a  town  of  Spain,  7  m.  N.E. 
Montblanch.     P.  2,124. 

Sarrebourg,  a  comm.  &  t.  of  France, 

dep.  Meurthe,  40  m.  E,  Nancy.    P.  2,443. 

Sarreguemines,  a  comm.  &  town  of 

France,  dep.  Moselle,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Sarre, 

9  m.  S.  Saarbriick.     P.  4,418. 

Sarria,  a  v.  near  Barcelona.  P.  3,673. 
Sarrians,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Vaueluse,  4  m.^.N.W.  Carpentras. 
P.  1,250. 

Sarrion,  a  mkt.  town  of  Spain,  16  m. 
S.E.  Teruel.     P.  2,070. 

Sarrowly,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  51  m. 
N.W.  Goruckpoor. 

Sarsina,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  Pon- 
tif. sta.,  4  m.  S.W..Mereato-Saraceno.  P. 
3,000. 

Saestedt,  a  town  of  Germany,  Hano- 
ver, 6  m.  N.W.  Hildesheim.     P.  1,462. 

Sarteano,  a  town  of  Tuscany,  5  m. 
W.S.W.  Chiusi.    P.  3,000. 

Sartena,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Corsica, 
23  m.  S.S.E.  Ajaceio.     P.  2,658. 

Sarthe,  a  river  of  France,  joins  the 
Mayenne  on  the  left,  IJ  miles  above  An- 
gers.    L.  145  m. 

Sahthe,  a  dep.  of  France  in  the  N.W., 
formed  of  part  of  the  old  prov.  Maine  efc 
Perche.  Area,  2,475  sq.  m.  P.  473,071. 
Surface  flat,  &  a  considerable  portion  is 
covered  with  forests. 

Sartilly,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Manche,  7  m.  N.AV.  Avran- 
ches.     P.  1,444. 

Sartirana,  a  mkt.  town  of  Piedmont, 

11  m.  S.W.  Mortara.    P.  of  comm.  2,881. 

Sartor-oe,  an  island  ofi"  the  W.  coast 

of  Norway,  5  m.  W.  Bergen.     L.  N.  to  S. 

20  m.,  b.  7  m. 

Sarule,  a  vill.  of  the  isl.  Sardinia,  2 
m.  S.S.W.  Orani.     P.  of  comm.  1,409. 

Sarum  (Old),  an  extinct  city  of  Engl., 
the  Sorbiodunum  of  the  Romans,  co. 
Wilts,  the  site  of  which  was  on  a  hill  2 
m.  N.  Salisbury. 

Sarun,  a  dist.  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Bengal,  having  N.  Nepaul.  Area,  5,116 
sq.  m.  P.  923,872.  The  Gunduck  river 
traverses  its  centre. 

Sarungpoor,  a  town  of  Cent.  India, 
54  m.  N.E.  Oojein. 

Sarvar,  a  mkt.  town,  W.  Hungary,  20 
m.  E.S.B.  Glins.     P.  1,167. 

Sarviz,  a  river  of  Hungary,  flows  S.  _ 
&  joins  an  arm  of  the  Danube  at  Baja.  '■ 
L.  60  m. 


'"^'^'^^^^ 


sat] 


UNIVERSAL    QAZETTKER. 


691 


Sarzana,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  near  the 
S.E.  extremity  of  the  Sardinian  dom.,  8 
m.  E.  Spezia.     P.  8,432. 

Sakzeau,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan,  on  a  peninsula  betw.  the 
sea  &  Lake  Morbihan.     P.  6,901. 

Sarzedas,  a  mkt.  town  of  Portugal,  11 
m.  W.  Castello-Braneo.     P.  2,500. 

Sasbach,  a  vill.  of  Baden,  circ.  Mid- 
dle Rhine,  17  m.  B.N.E.  Strasbourg.  P. 
1,370.  Marshal  Turenne  was  killed  in 
its  vicinity  by  a  random  shot,  27th  July 
1675. 

Sasik,  a  lake  of  S.  Russia,  35  m.  S.W. 
Akermann,  16  m.  long,  &  6  m.  broad. 

Saskatchewan,  a  river  of  British  N. 
America,  N.W.  territory,  whence  the 
river  has  a  tortuous  course  to  its  mouth 
in  Lftke  Winnipeg.  It  is  navigable 
thence,  &  along  its  N.  branch,  for  about 
1,000  m.,  to  Acton,  or  Rocky  mntn.  house. 
It  gives  name  to  a  wide  dist.  supposed  to 
be  peopled  by  nearly  17,000  Indians. 

Sasnee,  a  town  of  British  India,  35  m. 
N.N.E.  Agra. 

Sassano,  two  mkt.  towns  of  Naples. 

1.  3  m.  S.E.  Diano. II.  8  m.  E.N.E. 

Isernia. 

Sassari,  a  city  of  the  island  Sardinia, 
cap.  its  N.  div.,  on  its  N.W.  side,  59  m. 
N.N.W.  Cagliari.  P.  24,408.  It  is  en- 
closed by  walls  &  toweVs,  entered  by  5 
gates,  &  has  a  cathedral,  23  other 
churches,  &  several  convents.  Its  port, 
Porto  Torres,  can  only  accommodate 
small  vessels,  those  of  larger  size  being 
obliged  to  anchor  in  the  roads,  1  m.  dis- 
tant.— The  gulf  of  Sassari,  20  m.  in 
length,  by  35  m.  in  breadth. 

Sassenage,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Isere,  3  miles  W.  Grrenoble. 
P.  1,450. — Sassenay  is  a  comm.  &  vill., 
dep.  SaOne-et-Loire.     P.  1,000. 

Sassenbehg,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, reg.  &  18  m.  N.B.  Miinster.  P. 
1,400. 

Sasseno,  an  island  of  the  Adriatic, 
Albania. 

Sassebam,  a  town  of  British  India,  38 
m.  S.  Buxar. 

Sassin,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.W.  Hunga- 
ry.    P.  2,690. 

Sasslav,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
on  the  Gorin,  85  m.  W.S.W.  Jitomir.  P. 
8,200. 

Sasso,  a  mkt.  town  of  Naples,  12  m. 
S.S.W.  Potenza.     P.  2,400. 

Sassoferrato,  a  mkt.  town  of  Central 
Italy,  Pontif.  sta.,  in  "the  Apennines,  7 
m.  N.W.  Fabbriano.     P.  6,000. 

SAssroLO,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  10  m. 
S.W.  Modena.    P.  3,000. 


Sastago,  a  town  of  Spain,  39  m.  S.E. 
Zaragoza,  on  the  Ebro.     P.  1,920. 

Sas-van-Gent,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, prov.  Zeeland,  13  miles  N.N.E. 
Ghent.  P.  1,000.  It  was  founded  by 
the  Spaniards  in  1570. 

Sata,  the  main  stream  of  the  Indus 
river,  at  its  delta  in  Scinde.  Width 
about  1,000  yards. 

Satadu,  a  state  of  W.  Africa,  Sene- 
gambia.  The  cap.  town,  Satadu,  is  near 
its  S.  extremity. 

Satahung,  a  town  of  Nepaul,  100  m. 
W.N.W.  Khatmandoo. 

Satalge,  a  town  of  Thessaly,  on  a 
slope  facing  the  N.,  20  m.  S.  Larissa.  On 
some  eminences  B.-ward,  the  Romans,  un- 
der Quintus  Plaminius,  defeated  the  Ma- 
cedonians, under  Philip.  The  famous 
battle  of  Pharsalia,  in  which  the  forces 
of  Ceesar  finally  defeated  those  of  Pom- 
pey,  was  fought  on  the  plain  immediately 
adjoining  the  town. 

Sataliah,  a  marit.  town  of  Asia-Mi- 
nor, Anatolia,  50  m.  N.E.  Cape  Khelido- 
nia.  P.  8,000.— Gulf  of,  an  inlet  of  the 
Mediterr.,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Asia- Minor. 

Satanov,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russian  Po- 
land, 53  m.  N.N.W.  Zamenetz.    P.  3,200. 

Satghahra,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  on 

I.  b.  of  the  Ravee. 

Satgoong,  a  town  of  British  India,  4 
m.  N.W.  Hooghly. 

Satilheu,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ardeche,  12  m.  N.W.  Toumon.  P. 
1,992. 

Satimangalum,  a  town  of  British  In- 
dia, 40  m.  N.E.  Coimbatoor.  It  has  a 
temple  of  Vishnu  in  high  repute,  &  in 
its  vicinity  large  quantities  of  cotton  are 
raised. 

Sativa,  a  town  of  S.  America,  New 
Granada,  66  m.  N.E.  Tunja. 

Satorallya-Ujhely,  a  mkt.  town  of 
N.  Hungary,  8  m.  W.S.W.  Zemplin.  P. 
7,600. 

Satpoora,  an  extensive  range  in  Cent. 
India,  betw.  the  Nerbudda  &  Taptee  rivs. 

Satpur,  a  pass  across  the  Himalaya 
leading  into  Little  Tibet,  12  m.  S.W.  Is- 
kardo.     12,000  feet  above  the  sea. 

Satriano,  two-  mkt.  towns  of  Naples. 
1.  16  m.  S.  Catanzaro.   P.  1,800. 

II.  8  m.  W.S.W.  Potenza. 

Satsuma,  a  consid'ble  town  of  Japan, 
cap.  the  most  S.  prov.  of  the  isl.,  Kiusiu. 

Sattarah,  a  state  of  India,  nearly  en- 
closed by  the  territories  of  the  Bouibay 
presid.,  in  which  it  is  now  comprised. 
Area,  7,943  sq.  m.     P.  1,500,000. 

Sattegaul,  a  fortified  city  of  S.  India, 
42  m.  W.S.W.  Mysore. 


692 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[SAU 


Satur  (St.),  a  coram.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Cher.     P.  1,085. 

Saturnin   (St.),    numerous    comms., 

mkt.  towns,  &  vills.  of  France. 1,  dep. 

Cantal.     P.   1,257. II.  dep.  Cher,  21 

m.  S.W.  St.  Amand.     P.  1,288. III. 

dep.  Puy-de-DOme,  7  m.  S.  Clermont.    P. 

1,279. IV.   dep.  Aveyron,    20  m.  N. 

Milhau.      P.  1,675. V.  (de  Sechaud), 

dep.   Charente    Inf      P.   1,480. VI. 

(cZm  5ois),  same  dep.     P.  1,116. VTI. 

{les  Avignon),  dep.  Vaucluse.     P.  1,646. 

Saucejo  (El),  a  market  town  of  Spain, 
,45  m.  S.E.  Sevilla.     P.  2,444. 

Saud  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Dordogne.  P.  2,552.— Saujlieu  is  a 
comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Somme.     P.  1,520. 

Saudre,  a  river  of  France,  dep.  Cher, 
joins  the  Cher.     L.  80  m. 

Saudrigo,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy,  9 
m.  N.E .  Vicenza.     P.  2,000. 
,  Saugatuck,  riv.,  Conn.,  enters   L.  I. 
sound  in  Westport. 

Saugertibs,  p-t.,  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
8,041. 

Saugues,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Loire,  17  m.  W.S.W.  Le  Puy. 
P.  1,896. — Saujon  is  a  comm.  &  market 
town,  dep.  Charente  Inf.,  14  m.  W.S.W. 
Saintes.     P.  1,693. 

Saugur  &  Nerbudda  Territories,  a 
wide  extent  of  country  composing  the 
S.W.  part  of  the  British  presid.  Bengal, 
&  comprising  the  highest  part  of  the 
table-land  of  Central  India.  Estimated 
area,  30,000  sq.  m.  P.  1,971,050.  chiefly 
Hindoos,  or  wild  Gond  tribes. — Saugur, 
cap.  dist..  in  the  above  territory,  92  m. 
N.E.  Bhopaul.  Area  of  dist.  680  sq.  m. 
P.  291,684. — Saugur  island,  presid.  & 
prov.  Bengal,  is  in  the  Hooghly  riv.,  60 
m.  S.S.W.  Calcutta. 

Saugcs,  t,.  Essex  CO.  Mass.     P.  1,098. 

Sauk,  N.W.  co.  Wis.  Area,  860  sq.  m. 
Cap.  Prairie  du  Sac.     P.  4,371. 

Saulge  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Nievre,  18  m.  E.N.E.  Nevers. 

P.  1,260. II.   a  comm.   &  vill.,  dep. 

Vienne,  3  m.  S.  Montmorillon.     P.  1,100. 

Saulheim  (Neider,  or  Lower),  a 
mkt.  town  of  Germany,  10  miles  S.S.W. 
Mayence.     P.  1,500. 

Saulieu,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Franco, 
dep.  COte-d'-Or,  15  m.  S.S.W.  Semur.  P. 
2,862. 

Sault,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Vaucluse,  18  m.  E.N.E.  Carpentras.  P. 
1,476.— — II.  (de  Navailles),  a  comm.  & 
vill.,  dep.  B.  Pyrenees,  6  m.  N.E.  Or- 
thes.     P.  1,461. 

Sault  de  St.  Marie,  a  rapid  of  N. 
America,  in  the  river  between  lakes  Su- 


perior &  Huron. II.  a  vill.  of  Mich., 

on  S.  side  of  this  rapid.     P.  800.     It  oc- 
cupies the  site  of  an  old  French  fort. 

Saulx,  a  river  of  France,  after  a 
W.N. W.  course  of  45  miles,  joins  the 
Ornain. 

Saulx,  several  comms.  &  vills.  of 
France,  the  principal  in  dep.  H.  Saone, 
8  m.  N.E.  Vesoul.     P.  1,198. 

Saulxuhes,  numerous  comms.  of  the 
E.  deps.  of  France,  the  principal  in  dep. 
Vosges.    P.  3,094. 

Saulzoir,  a  comm.  &  vUL  of  France, 
dep.  Nord,  on  the  Selle,  10  A.  N.E.  Cam- 
brai.     P.  2,282. 

Saumuh,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
27  m.  S.E.  Angers.  P.  10,625.  It  is  the 
birth-place  of  Madame  Dacier. 

Saumurois,  an  old  subdivision  of 
France.     Chief  town  Saumur. 

Saunders'  Island,  S.  Atlantic  ocean, 
near  Sandwich  land. —  Cape  Saunders  ia 
the  N.E.  extremity  of  isl.  Georgia,  &  of 
a  headland,  New  Zealand,  E.  coast  of  the 
Middle  isl.,  S.  Port  Otago. 

Saurat,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  t.  of  France, 
dep.  Ariege,  7  m.  S.S.W.  Foix.    P.  2,565. 

Saussemenil,  a  comm.  &  vill.  France, 
dep.  Manche,  8  m.  S.E.  Cherbourg.  P. 
1,912. 

Sauterne,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Gironde,  8  m.  N.W.  Bazas,  renown- 
ed for  its  claret  wine. 

Sautghur,  a  town  of  British  India,  40 
m.  AV.  Arcot. 

Sautneir,  a  town  of  British  India, 
Bengal,  32  m.  N.N.E.  Ellichpoor. 

Sautoub,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov. 
Namur. 

Sauvagere  (La),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Orne.     P.  2,212. 

Sauve,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gard,  20  m.  W.N.W.  Nimes.  P. 
2,820. 

Sauvent  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Vienne,  18  m.  S.W.  Poitiers. 
P.  2,673. 

Sauvetat  (La),  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town 
of  France,  dep.  Gers,  8  m.  S.W.  Lectoure. 
P.  1,229. 

Sauveterre,  several  comms.  &  small 

towns  of  France. 1,  dep.  Gironde,  7 

m.  N.  La  Reole.     P.  757. II.  dep.  B. 

Pyrenees,  9  m.  S.W.  Orthes.     P.  1,629. 
III.  dep.  H.  Gatonne.     P.  2,170. 

Sauveur  (St.),  numerous  comms.,  &c., 

of  Fra,nce. 1,  dep.  H.  Pyrenees,  on  a 

clifif  beside   the  Gave  de  Gavarnie,    N. 

Luz,  &  having  mineral  springs. II.  a 

mkt.  town,  dep.  Yonne,  21  m.  S.W.  Aux- 

erre.     P.  1,561. III.  (Lendelin),  dep. 

Manche,  6  m.  N.  Coutances.    P.  1,950. 


eA\] 


UNIV-KBSAL    GAZETTEER. 


693 


IV.  {sur  Douve),  same  dep.,  8  m. 

S.S.W.  Valognes.  P.  2,774.— St.  Sau- 
veur  is  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  12  miles  N.E. 
Touriiay. 

Sauwur,  a  town  of  N.W.  Hindostan, 
54  m.  S.E.  Ajmere. 

Sauxillanges,  a  comra.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Puy-de-Dume,  6  m.  N.E. 
Issoire.  P.  1,485. — Sauzais  is  a  comm.  & 
vill,  dep.  Cher,  7  m.  S.  St.  Amand. 

Sauze,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Deux  Sevres,  13  m.  S.E. 
Melle.  P.  1,662. — Sauzon  is  a  comm., 
dep.  Morbihan.     P.  1,454. 

Sava,  a  town  of  Naples,  cap.  5  m. 
W.  Manduria.     P.  2,500. 

Sava,  a  town  of  Persia,  in  a  fertile 

plain,  70  miles  S.W.  Teheran. II.  a 

town  of  Japan,  island  Niphon,  50  miles 
N.E.  Miako. 

Savage  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Pa- 
cific ocean,   lat.  19°  S.,  Ion.  169°  W. 

II.  several  groups  of  islets,  British  N. 
America,  on  the  N.  side  of  Hudson  strait. 

Savaii,  the  largest  of  the  Samoan 
isls.,  Pacific  ocean,  &  the  most  W.  &  rich- 
est of  the  group.  L.  50  m.,  br.  varies  to 
30  m.     P.  20,000.(7) 

Savana-la-Mar,  a  seaport  town  of 
Ilayti,  on  the  bay  of  Samana,  N.  coast, 

15  m.  S.W.    Samana. II.    The   little 

seaport  town  of  Sa,vannah-la-Mar,  on  the 
S.W.  coast  of  Jamaica  was  destroyed  by 
a  hurricane  on  the  3d  of  October,  1780. 

Savannah,  a  river,  between  Georgia 
&  S.  Carolina,  is  formed  by  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Tugalo  &  Kiowee,  100  miles 
above  Augusta,  flows  S.E. -ward,  &  enters 
the  Atlantic  at  Tybee  sound,  after  a 
course  of  about  490  m.  It  is  navig.  to 
Savannah,  for  large  brigs  ;  &  to  Augusta, 

for  steamers. II.  a  city    &    seaport, 

Georgia,  on  the  Savannah,  about  12  m. 
from  its  mouth.  P.  16,060.  Its  situa- 
tion, on  a  bluff  sandy  point,  about  40  m. 
above  high  tide,  has  been  greatly  im- 
proved in  salubrity  by  the  removal  of 
adjoining  rice-swamps.  It  is  well  &  reg- 
ularly built  of  brick,  &  ornamented  by 
numerous  handsome  squares  lined  with 
trees.  Its  harbor,  defended  by  two  forts, 
is  excellent ;  it  is  the  entrepot  of  much 
of  the  produce  of  the  state,  &  exports 
large  quantities  of  cotton  &  rice.  This 
city  was  founded  in  1733  by  Gen.  James 
Oglethorpe  &  others.  It  was  taken  by 
the  British  in  1778,  but  they  abandoned 
it  in  1782.  On  the  10th  Jan.,  1820,  463 
buildings  were  burned,  occasioning  a  loss 
of  property  amounting  to  $4,000,000; 
but  it  has  been  rebuilt  with  additional 
beauty, III.  p-v.,  cap.  Carroll  co.  111. 


IV.  p-v.,  cap.  Andrew  co.  Mo. V. 

p-v.,  cap.  Hardin  co.  Tenn. — Savanilla 
is  a  maritime  vill.,  S.  America,  New 
Granada,  60  m.  N.E.  Cartagena. 

Save,  a  river  of  the  Austrian  empire, 
&  joins  the  Danube  at  Belgrade.  Course 
estimated  at  550  m.  It  is  navig.  from 
its  mouth  to  the  influx  of  the  former  for 

vessels  of  from  150  to  200  tons. II.  a 

river,  S.W.  France,  joins  the  Garonne, 
15  m.  N.N.W.  Toulouse,  after  a  N.E. 
course  of  65  m. 

Savenay,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Loire  Inf.,  20  m.  N.W.  Nantes.  P. 
1,150. — Savennieres  is  a  comm.  &  mkt. 
town,  dep.  Maine-et-Loire,  8  miles  S.W. 
Angers.     P.  2,747. 

Saverdun,  a  eonim.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ariege,  18  m.  N.  Foix.     P.  2,077. 

Saverne,  TabernoB,  a  comm.  k  town 
of  France,  dep.  B.  Rhin,  on  the  navig. 
Zorn,  20  m.  N.W.  Strasbourg.     P.  5,084. 

Saviano,  a  market  town  of  Naples,  2 
m.  S.W.  Nola.     P.  3,700. 

Savighano,  a  fortified  town  of  N. 
Italy,  Piedmont,  9  miles  E.  Saluzzo.  P. 
of  comm.  15,546. 

Savignac,  several  comms.,  &c.,  of 
France  ;  the  principal  /S.  les  Eglises,  dep. 
Dordogne,  on  the  Isle,  11  m.  N.E.  Peri- 
gueux.     P.  1,037. 

Savignano,  two  mkt.  towns  of  Italy. 

1.  Pontif.  sta.,  on  the  jEmilian  way, 

8  m.  S.E.  Oesena.  P.  4,035. II.  Na- 
ples, 9  m.  W.S.W.  Bovino.     P.  2,400. 

Savigne,  numerous  comms.  of  France  ; 
the  principal  ;S  I' Eveque,  dep.  Sarthe,  7 
m.  N.E.  Le  Mans.     P.  2,614. 

Savigny,   numerous   comms.   &c.,   of 

France. 1,  dep.  Loir-et-Cher,  13  m. 

W.N.W.  VendOme.     P.  3,065. II.  {en 

Revermont),    dep.    SaCine-et- Loire.      P. 

2,322. III.  (671  Sancerre),  dep.  Cher, 

6  m.  N.  Sancerre.    P.  1,665. IV.  {sous 

Beaune),  dep.  C6te-d'-0r,  3  m.  N.Beaune. 
P.  1,703. 

Savin  (St.),  several  comms.,  &c.,  of 

France. 1,  a  market   town,  dep.  Gi- 

ronde,  10  m.  E.  Blaye.     P.  1,926. IL 

a  town,  dep.  Vienne,  cap.  cant.,  24  miles 

E.S.E.  Poitiers.-  P.   1,447. III.  dep. 

Isere,  with  a  vill.,  8  m.  N.W.  La  Tour- 
du-Pin.  P.  2,359. IV.  dep.  H.  Pyre- 
nees, 2  m.  S.S.E.  Argeles. 

Savindroog,  a  strong  hill  fortress  of 
S.  India,  Mysore,  20  m.  AV.S.W.  Banga- 
lore. The  rock  upon  which  it  is  formed 
rises  half  a  mile  in  perpendicular  height, 
from  a  base  of  8  or  10  miles  in  circum- 
ference, &  is  surrounded  by  impenetrable 
jungle. 

Savinien  (St.),  a  comm.  &  mkt.  tovra 


■:i^* 


694 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[say 


of  France,  dep.  Charente  Inf.,  9  m.  N. 
Saintes.     P.  3,507. 

Saville,  t.,  Perry  co.  Pa.     P.  1,283. 

Savio,  a  riv.  of  Italy,  Pontif.  sta.,  en- 
ters the  Adriatic.     L.  50  m. 

,Savoca,  a  Till,  of  Sicily,  8  m.  N.N.E. 
Taormiaa..     P.  3,000. 

Savona,  a  town  &  seaport  of  N.  Italy, 
Sardinian  dom.,  25  m.  S.W.  Genoa.  P. 
of  comm.  16,200.  Its  harbor  is  formed  by 
a  mole  projecting  into  the  sea. 

Savoy,  a  duchy  &  one  of  the  conti- 
nental divisions  of  the  Sardinian  states, 
separated  by  the  Alps  from  Italy  on  the 
E.,  &  Piedmont  on  the  S.,  by  the  Rhone 
from  France  on  the  W.,  &  partly  by  the 
lake  of  Geneva  from  Switzerland  on  the 
N.     Area,  4,270  sq.  m.     P.  564,137.     It 

is  situated  in  the  basin  of  the  Rhone. 

II.  t.,  Berkshire  co.  Mass. 

Savran,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russian  Po- 
land, on  the  Bug,  25  m.  N.E.  Batta.  P. 
1,000. 

Savu,  an  island  of  the  Asiatic  archip., 
90  m.  W.  the  S.  extremity  of  Timor.  L. 
25  m.,  br.  8  miles. 

Sawa,  a  town  of  N.W.  Hindostan,  10 
m.  S.  Chitoor. 

Sawun,  a  town  of  N.W.  Hindostan,  6 
m.  S.W.  from  Munassa. 

Sawuntwareb,  a  town  of  India,  Sat- 
tarah  dom.,  near  the  Malabar  coast,  30 
m.  N.  Goa. 

Sax,  a  town  of  Spain,  27  m.  N.W.  Ali- 
cante.   P.  2,195. 

Saxe,  a  prefix  to  the  names  of  the  fol- 
lowing German  states. 

Saxe-Altenburg,  a  duchy  of  Central 
Germany,  in  the  old  dist.  of  Saxony. 
Area,  510  sq.  m.     P.  129,589. 

Saxe-Coburg^Gotha,  a  duchy  of  Cen- 
tral Germany,  in  the  old  dist.  of  Saxony ; 
cap.  Gotba.  It  is  composed  of  two  prin- 
cipal portions. 1,  the  principalities  of 

Gotha  &  Coburg. II.  several  detached 

districts.     Area,  799  sq.  m.     P.  147,195. 

Saxe-Meiningen-Hildburghacsen, 
a  duchy  of  Cent.  Germany,  cap.  Meinin- 
gen.  Area,  971  sq.  m.  P.  (1846)  160,- 
515,  mostly  Protestants. 

Saxe- Weimar  Eisenach,  a  grand 
duchy  of  Central  Germany,  &  the  largest 
of  the  Saxon  principalities.  Area,  1,418 
sq.  miles.  P.  257,573.  Principal  towns, 
Weimar,  Eisenach,  Jena,  Neustadt, 
Weida,  Kreuzburg,  &  Geysa.  Estimated 
public  revenue,  $748,715  annually.  Pub- 
lic debt,  $3,795,906. 

Saxkiobing,  a  seaport  town  of  Ben- 
mark,  on  the  isl.  Laaland.    P.  900. 

Saxony,  an  old  division  of  N.  Ger- 
many, which  extended  betw.  the  Baltic 


&  the  N.  sea  in  the  N.,  &  Bohemia  &  Ba- 
varia in  the  S. II.  a  kingdom  of  Cen- 
tral Europe,  in  the  middle  of  Germany, 
between  lat.  50°  10'  &  51°  28'  N.,  &  Ion. 
11°  55'  &  15°  3'  E.,  bounded  E.  &  S.  by 
Austria,  W.  &  N.  by  Bavaria,  Saxe  Wei- 
mar, Saxe  Altenburg  &  Prussia;  cap. 
Dresden.  Extreme  length,  133  miles, 
greatest  br.  56  m.  Area,  6,777  sq.  miles. 
P.  1,836,433.  Soil  fertile  in  grain,  & 
cultivated  with  the  greatest  care ;  the 
chief  crop  is  rye.  The  forests,  which 
cover  l-4th  of  the  surface,  furnish  ex- 
cellent timber.  The  breed  of  merintt 
sheep  is  celebrated  &  yields  valuable 
wool,  much  of  which  is  exported  to  Eng- 
land. Upwards  of  500  mines  are  in  ac- 
tive operation  ;  the  centre  of  the  mining 
dist.  is  at  Freiberg.  Public  instruction 
is  more  developed  than  in  any  other 
country  of  Europe  ;  &  the  university  of 
Leipzig  is  one  of  the  principal  in  Ger- 
many. The  gov.  is  a  hereditary  limited 
monarchy ;  a  representative  system  was 
organized  in  1836.  Public  rev.,  $5,798,- 
648;  debt,  $22,628,389.  Army,  25,077 
men. 

Saxon  Land,  the  S.  part  of  Transyl- 
vania, watered  by  the  Aluta  river  &  its 
affls.  Area  about  4,243  sq.  m.,  &  p.  446,- 
700. 

Saxon  Switzerland  is  a  name  ap- 
plied to  the  mntnous.  part  of  the  kingdom 
of  Saxony,  S.B.  Dresden. 

Saxony  (Prussian),  a  prov.  of  Prus- 
sia, ne&rly  in  its  centre,  having  S.  the 
duchies  &  kingdom  of  Saxony.  Area, 
9,788  sq.  m.  P.  1,742,452,  all  Lutherans, 
except  about  116,000  Roman  Catholics, 
Jews,  &c. 

Saybrook,  t.,  Middlesex  co.  Conn.,  at 
the  mouth  of  Conn,  r.,  on  its  W.  side.  P. 
2,904.  This  t.  was  settled  in  1635.  Say- 
brook,  proper,  laid  out  with  regularity  in 
the  belief  that  it  would  become  a  large 
city.  Col.  Farwick,  whose  wife,  the 
daughter  of  a  British  nobleman,  was 
buried  here,  was  one  of  its  founders ;  & 
this  was  the  place  for  which  Cromwell  & 
his  compatriots  were  embarked  when  they 
were  forbidden  to  leave  the  Thames  by 
Charles  I.  The  building  lots  assigned  to 
them  by  the  colonists  are  still  pointed 
out.  Yale  college  was  in  successful  ope- 
ration here  from  1707  to  1717.  The  lo- 
cation of  the  college  building  is  at  this 
day  distinctly  marked  by  a  slight  hollow 
resembling  a  nearly  filled  &  turfed  over 
old  cellar.  The  "  Saybrook  Platform" 
was  the  work  of  Cong,  ministers  in  as- 
sembly at  this  place.  The  Dutch  first 
took   possession  of  Saybrook.     The  re- 


y?!^^. 


8Ch] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


695 


mains  of  the  fort  erected  by  them  are 
now  to  be  seen.  Three  towns  have  been 
set  oflf  from  Saybrook.  Of  these  the  one 
lately  the  village  of  Essex  has  taken  the 
name  of  Old  Saybrook,  but  without  hav- 
ing been  the  scene  of  a  single  event  of 
historic  interest  to  entitle  it  to  that  ap- 
pellation. 

Saymbrumbacum,  a  town  of  British 
India,  presid.,  &  17  m.  W.  Madras. 

Sayny,  a  t.  of  Poland,  on  the  Memel, 
18  m.  B.  Suwalki.     P.  3,100. 

Saypan,  one  of  the  Marianne  islands, 
Pacific  ocean,  12  m.  in  length,  &  having 
a  good  harbor  on  its  W.  side. 

Sazawa,  a  river  of  Bohemia,  after  a 
W.N.W.  course  of  95  m.,  joins  the  Moldau. 

Sazka,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  27  m.  E. 
Prague.     P.  2,210. 

ScAER,  a  eomm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Finist^re,  13  m.  N.N.W. 
Quimperle.     P.  4,005. 

ScAFATi,  a  mkt.  town  of  Naples,  6  m. 
W.  Nocera.     P.  3,500. 

ScAFELL,  a  mountain  of  England,  co. 
Cumberland,  having  two  summits  re- 
spectively 3,166  &  3,092  feet  in  height. 

ScALA,  two  mkt.  towns  of  Naples. 

I.  on  the  promontory,  &  8  m.  W.  Saler- 
no.    P.  1,400. II.  on  a  height,  5  m. 

S.AV.  Cariati.     P.  1,200. III.  a  town 

of  Tuscany,  20  m.  W.S.W.  Florence.  P. 
1,400. 

ScALA  Nova,  a  seaport  town  of  Asia- 
Minor,  Anatolia,  at  the  head  of  the  gulf 
of  Scala-Nova,  40  miles  S.  Smvrna.  P. 
20,000. 

ScALA  Nova  (The  Gulf  of),  is  45  m. 
in  length  E.  to  W.,  average  breadth  20 
miles.  The  island  Samos  forms  most 
part  of  its  S.  coast. 

ScALEA,  a  vill.  of  Naples,  28  m.  W. 
Cassano.     P.  1,600. 

ScALENGHE,  a  town  &  comm.  of  N. 
Italy,  Piedmont,  7  m.  E.  Pinerolo.  P. 
3,961. — Scaletta  is  a  vill.  of  Sicily,  13  m. 
S.  Messina.     P.  1,000. 

ScAMANDEH,  or  Xanthus,  a  river  of 
the  plain  of  Troy,  Asia-Minor,  the  vill. 
Bunarbashi,  immediately  beneath  the 
site  of  old  Troy,  flows  N.W.,  expanding 
into  numerous  marshes,  &  enters  the 
.^gean  sea. 

ScANDERooN,  a  seaport  town  of  N. 
Syria,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  bay  of  Is- 
kenderun,  23  m.  N.  Antioch. — The  bay 
or  gulf  of  Scanderoon  extends  inland 
for  45  m.  at  the  angle  between  Syria  & 
Asia- Minor. 

ScANDiANO,  a  market  town  of  N.  Italy, 
duchy  &  12  m.  S.W.  Modena.     P.  2,400. 

ScANniNAViA,  the  classic  name  of  the 


great  peninsula  of  N.  Europe,  consisting 
of  Sweden  &  Norway. — Scania  was  an 
old  prov.  of  Sweden,  at  its  S.  extremity. 

ScANFs,  a  populous  vill.  of  the  Upper 
Ecgadine,  Switzerland. 

ScANNO,  a  town  of  Naples.  P.  3,000. 
II.  a  vill.,  12  m.  S.E.  Lake  Fucino. 

ScANSANO,  a  market  town  of  Tuscany, 
12  m.  S.E.  Grosseto.  P.  3,000.— Scan- 
zano  is  a  vill.  of  Naples,  near  Castel-a- 
Mare. 

Scar,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  Leinster, 
CO.  Wicklow.     Height,  2,105  feet. 

Scarborough,  a  seaport  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  York,  N.  Riding,  on  the  S.  slope 
of  a  headland  extending  into  the  N.  sea, 
37  m.  N.E.  York.  P.  24,611.  It  has  a 
striking  appearance,  its  streets  rising 
steeply  from  the  sea  towards  a  ruined 
castle  on  an  abrupt  clifT.  It  is  well  built 
&  handsome. — Scarborough,  or  Gilbert 
islands,  Pacific  ocean,  between  lat.  1°  & 
3°  N.,  &  Ion.  172°  &  174°  B.,  comprise 
Marshall,  Matthews,  Gilbert,  &  Charlotte 

islands. II.  t.,  Cumberland  co.  Me. 

P.  1,837. 

Scarda  &  Scardizza,  two  small  isls. 

of  Dalmatia. 1,  between  the  islands 

Premuda  &  Isto. II.  3  m.  W.  Pago. 

Scardona,  a  decayed  town,  Dalmatia, 
6  m.  N.N.E.  Sebenico,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Kerka.     P.  1,200. 

ScAENAFiGi,  a  market  town  of  Pied- 
mont, N.E.  Saluzzo.     P.  of  comm.  2,854. 

Scarp,  an  island  of  the  Outer  Hebrides, 
Scotland,  co.  Inverness.     P.  129. 

Scarp ANTO,  an  island  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean, belonging  to  Turkey,  28  m.  S.W. 
Rhodes.     L.  30  m. ;  br.  8  m. 

ScARPE,  a  navigable  river  of  France, 
joins  the  Scheldt  on  the  frontier  of  Bel- 
gium. L.  25  m. — Scarpena  is  a  small 
town  of  Tuscany,  16  m.  N.E.  Florence. 

ScATARY,  an  islet  of  Brit.  N.  America, 
off  the  E.  coast  of  the  isl.  Cape  Breton. 
L.  6  m. ;  br.  2  m. 

ScEAux,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine,  4  m.  S.  Paris.     P.  1,051. 

ScEY  (SuR  Saone),  a  comm.  &  market 
town  of  France,  dep.  H.  Saone,  9  miles 
W.N.W.  Vesoul.     P.  1,897. 

ScHAAFHEiM,  a  market  town,  Hessen- 
Darmstadt,  8  miles  E.N.E.  Dieburg.  P. 
1,338. 

ScHAAFSTADT,  a  town,  Pruss.  Saxony, 
10  m.  W.N.W.  Merseburg.    P.  1,900. 

ScHAFA,  a  market  town  of  Moravia, 
14  m.  W.N.W.  Znaym.     P.  1,243. 

ScHAFFHAtrsEN,'the  most  N.  cant,  of 
Switzerland.  Area,  116  sq.m.  P.  32,582. 
— ScJiafhausen,  the  cap.,  is  situated  on 
rt.  b.  of  the  Rhine,  23  m.  N.E.  Zurich.   P. 


696 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[sen 


7,500.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls  on  the 
site  of  an  ancient  Koman  fortress. — The 
falls  of  Schqfflumsen,  a  cataract  of  the 
Rhine,  3  m.  S.S.W.  the  town,  has  a  total 
descent  of  about  100  feet. 

ScHAGEN,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
11  m.  N.  Alkmaar.     P.  1,885. 

ScHAGHTicoKE,  p-t.,  Rensselacr  co. 
N.  Y.     P.  3,369. 

ScHALE,  a  vill.  of  Prussian  Westphalia, 
33  m.  N.  Miinster,  on  the  Aue.     P.  1,570. 

ScHALKAu,  a  town  of  Central  Germany. 
Saxe-Meiningen,  on  the  Itz,  7  m.  N.W. 
Neustadt.  P.  1,037.—^/^  Schalkowitz, 
is  a  vill.,  Prussian  Silesia,  II  m.  N.W. 
Oppeln.    P.  1,740. 

ScHALL,  a  lake  of  N.  Germany,  about 

9  m.  in  length. 
Schanck(Mount),  a  conspicuous  table 

shaped  hill  of  S.  Australia,  near  the 
coast. 

ScHANDAu,  a  town  of  Saxony,  21  m. 
S.E.  Dresden,  on  the  Elbe.     P.  1,638. 

Schank's  Island,  Pacific  ocean,  is  in 
lat.  0°  25'  S.,  Ion.  163°  E. 

ScHARDiNG,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria, 
8  m.  S.S.W.  Passau.     P.  3,500. 

ScHARNiTZ,  a  vill.  &  pass  in  the  Tyrol, 

10  m.  N.W.  Innsbriick. 
ScHAssEUKG,  a  town  of  Transylvania, 

24  m.  B.S.E.  Neumarlit.     P.  6,250.  * 

ScHATTAU,  a  market  town  of  Moravia, 
5  m.  S  S.W.  Znaim.     P.  1,716. 

ScHATZLER,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  32  m. 
N.  Koniggratz.     P.  1,073. 

ScHAUMBURG-LiPPE,  a  principality  of 
N.W.  Germany.  Area,  207  sq.  m.  P. 
31,870.  Principal  towns,  Biickeburg,  the 
cap.,  &  Stadthagen.  Public  revenue, 
130,000  Prussian  dollars.  The  state  is 
free  from  debt. 

ScHEEMDER,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands. 
16  m.  E.S.E.  Groningen.     P.  3,439. 

ScHEiBENBERG,  a  vill.  of  Saxony,  5  m. 
E.  Schwarzenberg.     P.  1,836. 

ScHEiDEGK,  a  mntn.  of  Switzerland,  8 
m.  S.  Brienz.  Height  above  the  sea, 
6,473  feet. — The  Lesser  Scheideck,  is  a 
mountain  S.AV.  the  foregoing. 

Scheldt,  a  river  of  France  &  the 
Netherlands,  &  enters  the  North  sea,  in 
the  Dutch  prov.  Zeeland,  by  two  mouths 
— the  E.  &  W.  Scheldt — which  enclose 
the  two  islands  Beveland  &  Walcheren. 
Total  course,  200  m. ;  at  its  mouths  it  is 
from  2J  to  3J  leagues  across. 

ScHELESTADT,  a  comm.  &  fortfd.  town 
of  France,  dep.  Bas  Rhin,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
111,  26  m.  S.W.  Strasbourg.     P.  8,603. 

ScHELKLiNGEN,  a  walled  town  of  Wiir- 
temberg,  12  m.  W.  Ulm.     P.  1,069. 

ScHELLENBERG,  a  townof  Saxony,  circ. 


Zwickau,  on  the  declivity  of  a  height. 

P.  1,406. II.  a  mkt.  town  of  Bavaria, 

8  m.  S.S.W.  Salzburg — Schellendorf  is  a 

vill.  of  Prussian  Silesia. III.  a  vill.  of 

Bavaria,  6  m.  S.W.  Salzburg. 

ScHELLiNG,  an  island  of  the  Nether- 
lands. 

ScHEMNiTZ,  a  mining  town  of  N.  Hun- 
gary, cap.  dist.,  2,300  feet  above  the  sea, 
45  m.  N.N.E.  Gran.  P.  19,000.  It  has  a 
school  of  mining,  founded  in  1760  by 
Maria  Theresa,  &  having  200  students. 

Schenectady,  an  E.  co.  N.  Y.     Area, 

200  sq.  m.     P.  20,054. II.  a  city.  New 

York,  cap.  above  co.,  on  the  Mohawk,  a 
tributary  of  the  Hudson,  &  on  the  Erie 
canal,  16  m.  N.W.  Albany,  with  which  it 
is  connected  by  railway.  P.  8,921.  It 
was  originally  settled  by  the  Dutch  in 
1620,  &  has  numerous  churches.  Union 
college,  founded  in  1785,  &  various  other 
superior  public  schools. 

ScHERViLLER,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  B.  Rhin.     P.  2,823. 

ScHEssLiTZ,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  9  m. 
N.E.  Bamberg.     P.  1,034. 

ScHEVENiNGEN,  a  fashionable  water- 
ing place  of  the  Netherlands,  on  the  N. 
sea,  2  m.  N.W.  the  Hague.     P.  3,000. 

ScHiAvi,    two  small  towns  of  Naples. 

1,  on  a  mntn.  near  the  Trigno,  24  m. 

S.S.W.  II  Vasto. II.  4  m.  S.S.E.  Sora. 

Schiedam,  a  town  &  river  port  of  the 
Netherlands,  on  the  Schie,  4  m.  W.  Rot- 
terdam. P.  12,051.  It  is  well  built,  & 
has  numerous  churches,  building-docks 
on  the  Schie,  &  upwards  of  100  distil- 
leries, it  being  the  chf.  seat  of  the  manuf. 
of  Dutch  gin,  or  "hoUands." — Schiedam 
Islands  are  a  group,  Asiatic  archipelago, 
in  the  sea  of  Flores,  90  m.  N.  Flores. 

ScHiEELiNG,  a  market  town  of  Lower 
Bavaria,  on  an  i.sl.,  5  m.  N.W.  Pfaffen- 
burg.  Near  it  on  20th  April  1809,  the 
Austrians  were  defeated  by  the  French. 

ScHiERMONNiK-ooG,  an  isl.  in  the  N. 
sea,  belonging  to  the  Netherlands,  10  m. 
E.  Ameland.  L.  8  m.,  br.  2  m.  P.  862, 
engaged  in  fishing. 

ScHiERSTEiN,  a  vill.  of  Germany, 
duchy  Nassau,  on  the  Rhine,  3  m.  S.S.AV. 
Wiesbaden.     P.  1,000. 

ScHiEv'ELBEiN,  a  town  of  Prussia,  36 
m.  S.AV.  Koslin,  cap.  circ,  on  the  Rega. 
P.  3,050. 

ScHiFFERSTADT,  a  vill.  of  Rheuish  Ba- 
varia, 6  m.  N.N.W.  Spires.     P.  2,994. 

ScHiHALLioN,  a  mountain  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Perth.     Elevation,  3,564.  ft. 

ScHiLDA,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
40  m.  E.N.B.  Merseburg.     P.  1,035. 

ScHiLDBERG,  a  town  of  Prussian  Po- 


sen] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


697 


laadj  83  miles  S.E.  Posen,  cap.  circ.  P. 
1,975. 

ScHiLDEscHE,  a  vill.  of  Pruss.  "West- 
phalia, 23  m.  S.W.  Minden,  on  the  Aa. 
P.  2,530. 

SCHILLERSDORF,   &   SCHILLERSLAGB, 

two  vills.  of  N.  Germany. 1.  Mecklen- 
burg Strelitz,  9  m.  W.  Neu-Strelitz. 

II.  Hanover. — Schilling  lake,  E.  Prussia, 
reg.  Konigsberg,  4  m.  B.  Osterode,  is  8 
m.  in  length. 

ScHiLTACH,  a  town  of  Baden,  13  m. 
S.S.W.  Freudenstadt.  P.  1,526.— ^fcM- 
tern  is  a  market' town  of  Moravia,  II  m. 
N.AV.  Znaym. 

ScHiLTiGHEiM,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Bas  Rhin,  1  m.  N.  Stras- 
bourg.    P.  2,993. 

ScHiMBERG,  a  market  town  of  Moravia, 
34  m.  N.W.  Olmiitz.     P.  1,790. 

ScHiNTZNACH,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland, 
Aargau,  on  the  Aar,  4  m.  S.W.  Brugg. 
P.  1,430.  The  great  bath  house  contains 
160  baths,  360  beds  &  saloons,  in  which 
500  persons  frequently  dine  together. 
The  visitors  are  mostly  French. 

ScHio,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy,  15  m. 
N.W.  Vicenza.     P.  6,600. 

•ScHippENBEiL,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia., 
36  m.  S.S.E.  Konigsberg.     P.  2,600. 

ScHiRMECK,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Vosges,  18  miles  N.E.  St.  Die.  P. 
1,490. 

ScHiRwiNDT,  a  frontier  town  of  E. 
Prussia,  19  m.  E.N.E.  Gumbinnen.  P. 
1,400. 

ScHKEUDiTZ,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, 12  miles  S.E.  Halle,  on  Magdeburg 
railway.     P.  2,700. 

ScHKOLEN,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
23  m.  S.S.W.  Merseburg.  P.  1,610.—' 
Schkopau  is  a  vill.  on  the  Saale. 

ScHLACKENwALD,  &  towu  of  Bohemia, 
5  m.  SB.  Elnbogen.     P.  3,500. 

ScHLACKENWEBTH,  a  town  of  Bohe- 
mia, 11  m.  N.E.  Elnbogen.     P.  1,276. 

ScHLAN,  or  Slany,  a  walled  town  of 
Bohemia,  20  m. -N.W.  Prague.  P.  4,180. 

ScHLANGBNBAD.  a  spa  of  Germany, 
duchy  Nassau,  6  m.  W.N.W.  Wiesbaden. 
It  has  warm  saline  baths. 

ScHLANGENBERG,  a  mining  town  of 
Siberia,  170  m.  S.S.W.  Barnaul.   P.  4,500. 

ScHLANSTADT,  a  viU.  of  Pru,ssian  Sax- 
ony, 23  miles  W.S.W.  Magdeburg.  P. 
1,420. — Sehlapanitz  is  a  market  town  of 
Moravia,  6  m.  E.S.E.  Brunn.     P.  1,273. 

ScHLAWE,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pomera- 
nia,  reg.  &  23  m.  E.N.E.  Koslin,  on  the 
Wipper.     P.  3,450. 

ScHLEGEL,  a  vill.  of  Prussiau  Silesia, 
47  m.  S.S.W.  Breslau.     P.  1,795. 

30 


ScHLEiTHAL,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Rhin.    P.  2,213. 

ScHLEiTz,  or  ScHLEiz,  a  town  of 
Central  Germany,  cap.  princip.  Reuss- 
Schleitz,  on  the  Wiesenthal,  24  m.  S.W. 
Gera.    P.  4,850. 

ScHLEswiG,  a  duchy  of  the  kingdom 
of  Denmark,  comprising  the  S.  part  of 
the  peninsula  Jutland,separated  on  the  N. 
by  the  Konge  river  from  Jutland  proper, 
having  E.  the  Baltic  &  the  Little  Belt,  in 
which  it  comprises  the  isl.  Alsen,  &  W. 
the  N.  sea  in  which  are  the  isls.  Romoe, 
Sylt,  Fdhr,  Pelworm,  Nordstrand,  &e. 
Area,  3,450  sq.  m.  P.  362,900.  Surface 
low  &  fla,t ;  the  whole  of  the  W.  coast  is 
protected  by  large  dykes  against  irrup- 
tions of  the  sea.  Climate  very  humid. — 
Schleswig  or  Slesvig,  a  seaport  town, 
cap.  duchy,  at  the  W.  end  of  the  Schlei, 
a  narrow  inlet  of  the  Baltic,  21  m.  from 
the  sea.    P.  11,600. 

ScHLETTAu,  a  towu  of  Saxony,  6  m. 
E.S.E.  Grunhain.     P.  1,833. 

ScHLEUsiNGEN,  a  walled  town  of  Prus- 
sian Saxony,  35  ra.  W.S.W.  Erfurt.  P. 
3,250. 

ScHLiEBEN,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, 20  m.  N.E.  Torgau.    P.  1,381. 

ScHLiENGEN,  a  market  town  of  Ba- 
den, 4  m.  S.S.W,  Miillheim.  P.  1,121.  In 
1796,  the  French  were  defeated  here  by 
Archduke  Charles. 

ScHLiTz,  a  town  of  Germany,  Fulda, 
40  m.  E.N.E.  Giessen.     P.  3,217. 

ScHLOCHAu,  or  ScHLOCHOw,  a  town  of 
W.  Prussia,  65  m.  W.  Marienworder.  P. 
2,200. 

ScHLOPPE,  a  town  of  W.  Prussia,  18 
m.  S.W.  Deutsch-Krone.    P.  1,693. 

ScHLOTHEiM,  a  market  town  of  Ger- 
many, on  the  Rotter,  13  m.  S.W.  Son- 
dershausen.     P.  1,287. 

ScHLUCHTERN,  a  towu  of  Germany,  H. 
Cassel,  prov.  &  31  m.  E.N.E.  Hanau.  P. 
2,220. 

ScHLucKENAu,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  37 
m.  N.N.B.  Leitmeritz.     P.  3,103. 

ScHLUssELBURG,  a  fortified  town  of 
Russia,  21  m.  E.  St.  Petersburg,  cap. 
circ,  on  an  island  in  the  Neva.  P.  3,100. 

II.  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia, 

15  m.  N.N.E.  Minden,  on  the  Weser.    P. 
1,230. 

ScHMADRiBAcH,  a  Waterfall,  Switzer- 
land, in  the  Oberland. 

ScHMALKALDEN,  a  towu  of  Germany, 
H.  Cassel,  cap.  a  detached  dist.  between 
Saxe-Gotha  &  Meiningen  11  m.  N.  Mei- 
ningen.  P.  5,478. — Klein  or  Schvialkal- 
den  is  a  vill.,  N.E.  the  foregoing. 

ScHMiEDEBERG,  2  towns  of  Germany. 


698 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[SCH 


1.  Prussian  Silesia,  31  miles  S.S.W. 

Liegnitz.  P.  3,700. II.  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, 40  m.  N.E.  Merseburg,  with  2,940 

inhabs. III.  a  vill.  of  Bohemia,  23  m. 

W.N.W.  Saatz.     P.  2,712. 

ScHMiEDEFELD,  two  vills.  of  Germany. 

1.  Prussian  Saxony,  27  m.  S.S.W. 

Erfurt.    P.    1,550. II.  Saxony,  circ. 

Bautzen. 

ScHMiEGEL,  or  SzMYGiEL,  a  town  of 
Prussian  Poland,  34  m.  S.S.W.  Posen.  P. 
2,845. 

ScHMOLLN,  a  town  of  Cent.  Germany, 
7  m.  S.W.  Altenburg.     P,  3,616. 

ScHMOLNiTZ,  a  mining  town  of  N. 
Hungary,  21  m.  S.S.E.  Leutschan.  P. 
4,139. 

ScHMOTTSEiFEN,  a  viU.  of  Prusslau 
Silesia,  23  m.  S.W.  Liegnitz.  P.  3,020. 

ScHNEEBERG,  "  snow  mountain,"  seve- 
ral mountains  of  Germany. 1.  Rie- 

sengebirge,  between  Prussian  Silesia  & 

Bohemia. II.  Lower  Austria,  40  m. 

S.W.  Vienna. III.  Bavaria,  circ.  Up- 
per Franconia. — The  Schneekoppe,  the 
loftiest  peak  of  the  Riesengebirge,  13  m. 
W.  Landshut,  is  5,275  feet  in  elev. 

ScHNEEBERG,  a  town  of  Saxony,  20  m. 

S.S.W.  Chemnitz.     P.  7,170. IL  a  v. 

of  Bavaria,  near  Schonsee. 

ScHNEiDEMUHL,  oT  Pila,  a  town  of 
Prussian  Poland,  54  m.  W.  Bromberg. 
P.  4,150. 

ScHNELLEWALDB,  a  viU.  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  29  m.  S.W.  Oppeln.  P.  2,525.— 
Schney  is  a  vill.  of  Bavaria,  with  1,000 
inhabs. 

ScHODAc,  t.,  Rensselaer  CO.  N.Y.  P. 
3,510. 

ScHOHAHiE,  an  E.co.  N.  Y.  Area,  621 
gq.  m.  P.  33,548.  The  cap.  Schoharie, 
a  p-t.,  is  32  m.  W.  Albany.  P.  2,588. 
II.  cr.,  flows  into  the  Mohawk  riv. 

ScHOKKEN,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
21  m.  N.N.B.  Posen. 

ScHOKLAND,  an  island  of  the  Nether- 
lands, prov.  Overyssel,  in  the  Zuyder-Zee, 
mouth  of  the  Yssel.     L.  4  m.     P.  695. 

ScHOMBEEG,  three  towns  of  Germany. 

1.   Moravia,  28  m.  N.N.W.  Olmiitz. 

P.  4,548. II.  Prussian  Silesia,  34  m. 

W.S.W.  Liegnitz.     P.  200. III.  Wiir- 

temberg,  6  m.  N.E.  Rottweil.     P.  1,661. 

SCHONACH  &   SCHONAICH,  twO  vills.  of 

S.W.  Germany. 1.  Baden,  in  the  Black 

Forest.  2  m.  N.W.  Tryberg.    P.  910. 

II.  WUrtemberg. 

ScHONAU,  several  towns,  &c.,  of  Ger- 
many.  1.  Baden,  5  m.  E.N.E.  Heidel- 
berg.    P.  1,700. II.  circ.  Upp.  Rhine, 

15  m.    S.   Freiburg.      P.  947. III. 

Prussian  Silesia,   17  m.  S^iy.  Liegnitz, 


with  2,050  inhabs. IV.  a  vill.  of  Sax- 
ony, 6  m.  W.N.W.  Zittau. 

ScHONBACH,  a  vill.  of  Bohemia,  27  m. 

W.  Elnbogen,  with  2,488  inhabs. II 

a  vill.  of  Baden,  N.W.  Urach. 

ScHONBERG,  sevl.  towns,  &c.,  of  Ger- 
many.  1.    Mecklenburg-Strelitz,   11 

m.  S.E.  Llibeck.  P.  1,826. II.  Prus- 
sian Silesia,  48  m.  W.S.W.  Liegnitz.     P 

1,310. III.  a  mkt.  town  of  Denmark, 

10  m.  E.N.E.  Kiel. 

ScHONBRUNN,  an  imperial  palace  in 
Lower  Austria,  l\  m.  S.W.  Vienna. 

ScHONEBECK,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, 10  m.  S.S.E.  Magdeburg.  P.  2,040. 
II.  a  vill.,  Potsdam,  13  m.  E.  Berlin. 

ScHONECK,  two  towns  of  Germany. 

I.  W.  Prussia,  20  m.  S.S.W.  Danzig.     P. 

2,000. II.  Saxony,  11  m.  S.E.  Plauen. 

P.  1,866. — Schonecken  is  a  mkt.  town  of 
Rhenish  Prussia,  29  m.  N.N.W.  Treves. 

ScHONEWALDE,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  reg.  Merseburg,  9  m.  E.N.E. 
Schweidnitz.     P.  2,360. 

ScHONFELD,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  5  m. 
S.S.E.  Elnbogen.     P.  2,560. 

ScHONFLiEs,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the 
Rorike,  11  m.  W.N.W.  Soldin.     P.  2,430. 

ScHONGAu,  a  town  of  Upper  Bavaria, 
40  m.  S.W.  Munich.     P.  1,440. 

ScHONHAUsEN,  two  vills.  of  Prussia. 

1,  prov.    Saxony,    36  miles  N.N.E. 

Magdeburg.  P.  1,420. II.  reg.  Pots- 
dam, 4  m.  N.  Berlin. 

ScHONHEiDE,  a  vill.  of  Saxony.  P. 
4,567. 

ScHONHOF,   two  vills.  of  the  Austrian 

empire. 1.  Austrian  Silesia,  14  miles 

W.N.W.    Teschen. II.    Bohemia,    9 

m.  S.W.  Saatz. — Schonhofen  is  a  vill.  of 
Bavaria,  on  the  Saber. 

ScHONiNGEN,  a  town  of  Germany,  20 
m.  S.E.  Brunswick.     P.  3,454. 

ScHONLANKE,  a  towu  of  Prussian  Po- 
land, 66  miles  S.W.  Bromberg.  P. 
3,715. 

ScHONLiNDE,  a  mkt.  town  of  Bohemia, 
circ.  &  33  m.  N.N.E.  Leitmeritz.  P. 
6,000. 

Schonsee,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circ. 
Upper  Palatinate,  on  the  Bohemian  fron- 
tier. P.  1,254. — Schonstadt  is  a  vill.  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  3  m.  N.W.  Langen- 
salza. 

ScHONSTEiN,  a  mkt.  town  of  Styria, 
lOm.N.W.  Cilly.    P.  3,277. 

ScHONTHAL,  several  vills.  of  Germany. 

ScHOODiE  Lakes,  Washington  co.  Me. 

Schooley's  Mountain,  in  Morris 
CO.  N.  J.,  is  600  feet  high.  Near  is  a 
p-v.,  resorted  to  on  account  of  its  medi- 
cinal spring. 


""1 


sen] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


ScHooNHOVEN,  a  fortified  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  on  the  Leek,  16  m.  E.  Rot- 
terdam.    P.  2,543. 

ScHOPFHEiM,  a  town  of  Baden,  25  m. 

S.  Freiburg.      P.   1,250. II.   a  vill., 

circ.  Middle  Rhine,  5  m.  S.  Offenburg. 

ScHOPPENSTEDT,  a  town  of  Germany, 
10  m.  E.  Wolfenbuttel.  P.  2,630.— ScAc^- 
pingen  is  a  vill.  of  Prussian  Westphalia, 
18  m.  N.W.  Munster. 

ScHORNDORF,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
on  the  Rems,  16  m.  E.  Stuttgart.  P. 
3,815. 

ScHOTTEN,  a  town  of  Germany,  H. 
Darmstadt,  on  the  Nidda,  22  m.  E.SE. 
Giessen,  with  a  castle,  &  2,055  inhabs. 

ScHOUTEN  (Island),  Tasmania,  off 
the  B.  coast  of  Van  Diemen's  Land.  L. 
&  br.  4  m.  each. — (Islands),  Pacific  ocean, 
off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Papua.  Surface 
mountainous. 

ScHotrwEN,  the  most  N.  island  of  the 
prov.  Zeeland,  Netherlands. — Brouwers- 
haven  is  on  its  N-W.  coast. 

ScHKAMBERG,  a  mkt.  town  of  Wiir- 
temberg, 12  m.  W.N.W.  Rottweil.  P. 
1,848. 

ScHHAPLAu,  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
15  m.  N.W.  Merseburg.     P.  1,170. 

ScHRECKHORN  (the  "  peak  of  terror"), 
one  of  the  loftiest  of  the  Swiss  Alps. 
Height,  13,492  ft.  It  was  first  ascended 
in  1842,  by  Agassiz  &  Desor. 

ScHREiBERscHAtr,  a  vill.  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  36  m.  S.W.  Leignitz.     P.  2,780. 

ScHRiESHEiM,  a  mkt.  town  of  Baden, 
5  m.  N.N.W.  Heidelberg.    P.  2,894. 

ScHRiMM,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
22  m.  S.S.E.Posen.     P.  3,450. 

ScHROBENHAUSEN,  a  towu  of  Upper 
Bavaria,  on  the  Paar.     P.  1,695. 

ScHRODA.  a  town  of  Prussia,  20  m.  S.E. 
Posen.     P.  2,210. 

ScHROEPPEL,  &  ScHROON,  two  tnshps.. 

New  York. 1.  16  m.  S.E.  Oswego.     P. 

3,258. II.  Essex  co.,  86  m.  N.  Albany, 

on  Schroon  1.,  10  m.  in  length.     P.  2,031. 

ScHUBiN,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
14  m.  S.W.  Bromberg.     P.  1,836. 

ScHuisTAMNO,  a  vill.  of  Finland,  18 
m.  N.N.E.  Serdopol.     P.  2,482. 

ScHUMBERG,  two  market  towns  of  the 

Austrian  dom. 1.  Bohemia,  7  m.  S.S.E. 

Chrudin. II.   22  m.   S.W.  Fiume.— 

Schuols,  or  Schulz,  is  the  most  populous 
village  of  the  Lower  Engadine,  Switzer- 
land.    P.  1,143. 

ScHUPFEN,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  15 
m.  S.W.  Lucerne.     P.  2,950. 

ScHUTT,  two  islands  formed  by  arms  of 
the  Danube  in  W.  Hungary. — The  Great 
Schiitt,  N.E.  the  main  stream,  is  53  m. 


in  length,  br.  16  m.— The  Litile  Schiitt, 
W.  the  main  stream.  L.  28  miles,  br. 
7  miles. 

ScHiJTTDORF,  a  town  of  N.  Germany, 
Hanover,  2J  miles  N.E.  Bentheim.  P. 
1,406. 

ScHUTTENHOFEN,  a  towu  of  Bohemia, 
15  m.  S.E.  Klattau.     P.  2,893. 

SCHUTTERTHAL,      &       ScHUTTERWALD, 

two  vills.  of  Baden. 

ScHXTYLER,  W.  CO.  111.     Area,  360  sq. 

m.     Cap.  Rushville.     P.   10,573. II. 

CO.  Mo.     P.  3,287. III.  t.,  Herkimer 

CO.  N.  Y     P.1,696. 

Schuylkill,  an  E.  co.  Pa.  Area,  660 
sq.  miles.     Cap.  Orwigsburg.     P.  60,713. 

II.   p-t.,  Chester  co.  Pa.     P.  2,079. 

III.  t.,  in  CO.  of  same  name,  Pa.     P. 

1,334. IV.  a  river  of  Penn.,  breaks 

through  the  Blue  mntns.,  flows  S.S.E.,  & 
joins  Delaware  river  7  m.  below  Phila- 
delphia. Total  course  110  m.,  for  108  of 
which,  or  to  Port  Carbon,  it  is  made 
navig.  by  canal ;  vessels  of  300  or  400 
tons  ascend  it  to  Philadelphia,  &  a  large 
coal-trade  is  carried  on  upon  its  waters. 
It  is  connected  by  a  canal  with  the  Sus- 
quehanna. 

Schuylkill  Haven,  p-v.,  Schuylkill 
CO.  Pa.     P.  1,000. 

Schwaan,  a  walled  town  of  N,  Ger- 
many, cap.  dist..  on  the  Warnow,  11  m.  S. 
Rostock.    P.  2,030. 

ScHWABACH,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  9  m. 
S.S.W.  Nurnberg.     P.  9,981. 

Sghwabenitz,  a  mkt.  town  of  Mo- 
ravia, 25  m.  B.N.E.  Brunn.     P.  1,343. 

Schwabmunchen,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ba- 
varia.    P.  2,423. 

Schwachat,  a  market  town  of  Lower 
Austria,  7  m.  S.E.  Vienna.  P.  2,290. 
It  has  a  monument  to  John  Sobieski, 
king  of  Poland. 

Schwaigern,  two  market  towns  of  S. 

Germany. I.Wurtemberg,  circ.  Neck- 

ar.     P.  1,901. II.  Baden,  circ.  Lower 

Rhine. 

Schwanden,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  3 
m-  S.  Glarus,  on  the  Linth.     P.  1,950. 

Schwandorf,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Nab,  with  1,759  inhabs. 

Schwanebeck,  a  walled  town  of  Prus- 
sian Saxony,  25  miles  S.AV.  Magdeburg. 
P.  2,040. 

Schwanenstadt,  a  town  of  Upper 
Austria,  30  m.  S.W.  Linz.    P.  1,500. 

ScHWARTAU,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.  Ger- 
many, 4  m.  N.  Liibeck,  on  the  Trave, 
with  1,353  inhabs. 

ScHWARZA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  34  m.  S.W.  Erfurt.     P.  1,401. 

ScHWAHZA,  several  rivers  of  Germany 


too- 


CYCLOPJSDIA    OP    GEOGRAPHY. 


SCI 


1.  Lr.   Austria,  joins  the  Pitten  to 

form  the  Leytha.  L.  40  m. II.  Mo- 
ravia, after  a  S.  course  of  80  m.,  joins 
the  Thaya. 

ScHWARZATT,  a  mkt.  town  of  Lower 
Austria.  P.  339. II.  a  river  of  Ba- 
varia, after,  a  W.  course  of  45  m.  joins 
the  Nab. 

ScHWARZBtTRG  KuDOLSTADT,  a  prin- 
cipality of  Germany,  near  its  centre. 
Area,  331  sq.  m.  P.  68,891.  Principal 
towns,  Rudolstadt  &  Frankenhausen. 
Public  revenue  250,000  florins  ;  expendi- 
ture, 230,000  do.  Public  debt,  99,928 
florins. 

ScHWARZBcrRGSoNDERSHAusEN,a  prin- 
cipality of  Germany,  near  its  centre,  en- 
closed everywhere  by  the  Prussian  terri- 
tories, except  on  the  W.  Area,  327  sq.  m. 
P.  58,628.  Principal  towns,  Sonders- 
.  hausen  &  Arnstadt.  Public  rev.  185,- 
700  dolls,  annually;  expend.  182,350 
dolls.     Public  debt,  251,424  dollars. 

SCHWAHZENBACH,    twO    mkt.  tOWUS  of 

Bavaria. 1,  on  the  Saale,  5  m.  S.S.E. 

Hof     P.  1,860. II.  (am  Walde),  5  m. 

S.W.  Naila,  with  1,036  inhabs. 

ScHWARZENBERG,  a  town  of  Saxouy, 
18  m.  S.E.  Zwickau,  with  2,133  inhabs. 

ScHWARZENEGG,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland, 
5  m.  N  E.  Thun.     P.  2,600. 

ScHWARZENFELD,  a  vill.  of  Bavaria, 
on  the  Nab.     P.  1,020. 

ScHWARZKOSTELETZ,  a  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, 6  m.  W.  Kaurzim.     P.  2,526. 

ScHWARzwAssER,  a  towu  of  Austrian 
Silesia.     P.  1,300. 

ScHWAT,  a  walled  town  of  Central 
Asia,  16  m.  N.E.  Khiva,  &  inhabited  by 
Uzbeks. 

ScHwATZ,  a  town  of  the  Tyrol,  on  the 
r.  b.  of  the  Inn,  16  m.  E.N.E.  Innsbriick. 
P.  8,000. 

SCHWEDELDORF  (ObER    &    NiEDEr),    2 

contiguous  vills.  of  Prussian  Silesia. 
United  p.  1,550. 

ScHWEDT,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the 
Oder,  28  m.  S.S.W.  Stettin.  P.  6,500. 
It  has  a  royal  palace. — Schweich  is  a 
vill.  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  7  m.  N.N.E. 
Treves.     P.  2,080. 

ScHWEiDNiTz,  a  fortified  town  of  Prus- 
sian Silesia,  31  miles  S.AY.  Breslau.  P. 
12,700.  It  is  well  built,  &  ornamented 
with  spacious  squares. 

ScHWEiGERN,  a  town  of  Wixrtemberg, 
8  m.  W.  Heilbronn.     P.  1,886. 

ScHWEiGHAusEN,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  B.  Rhin.     P.  1,486. 

ScHWEiNFURT,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Main,  22  m.  N.N.E.  Wurzburg.  P. 
7,347. 


ScHWEiNiTZ,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, 54  m.  N.E.  Merseburg,  on  the  El- 
ster.     P.  1,250. 

ScHWELM,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, 35  m.  W.S.W.  Arensberg.  P. 
2,325. 

ScHWENNiNGEJsr,  a  mkt.  town  of  Wiir- 
temberg,  13  m.  W.N.W.  Tuttlingen.  P. 
3,771. 

ScHWEEiN,  a  town  of  N.  Germany, 
cap.  the  grand  duchy,  Meeklenburg- 
Schwerin,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  lake  of 
Schwerin,  35  m.  S.E.  Liibeck.  P.  17,336. 
It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  entered  by  seven 
gAtes,  &  divided  into  an  old  town,  new 
town,  &  suburb. — The  lake  of  Schwerin, 
14  m.  in  length,  by  3  miles  in  average 
breadth. II.  a  town  of  Prussian  Po- 
land, 60  m.  W.N.W.  Posen,  on  1.  bank  of 
Warta.     P.  5,120. 

ScHwEESENz,  a  town  of  Prussian  Po- 
land, 6  m.  E.  Posen.     P.  2,975. 

ScHWEKTE,  a  t.  of  Prussian  Westpha- 
lia, 22  m.  W.  Arensberg,  with  2,200  inhab. 
ScHWETz,   a  town  of  W.  Prussia,  on 
the  Vistula.     P.  3,100. 

ScHWETziNGEN,  a  towu  of  Baden,  on 
the  Leimbach,  6  m.  W.S.W.  Heidelberg. 
P.  2,868. 

ScHWETZKAu,  a  town  of  Prussian  Po- 
land, 43  m.  S.S.W.  Posen.    P.  1,500. 

ScHwiEBERDiNGEN,  a  viU.  of  Wiirtcm- 
berg,  8  miles  N.N.W.  Stuttgart.  P. 
1,344. 

ScHwiEBUS,  a  town  of  Prussia,  41  m. 
E.S.E.  Fraukfiirt,  with  4,800  inhabs.— 
Schwieloch,  or  Schmielung,  is  a  lake,  15 
m.  N.E.  Lubben,  &  7  m.  in  length. 

ScHWYTz,  one  of  the  four  forest  can- 
tons of  Switzerland,  nearly  in  the  cen- 
tre of  the  confed.  Area,  339  sq.  m.  P. 
40,650,  all  Roman  Catholics.  Surface 
mostly  mntnous. ;  the  Rosstock  rises  to 
8,081,  &  the  Righi  to  5,905  ft.  in  height. 
Contributes  to  confed.  army  602  men. — 
Schwytz,  a  vill.,  cap.  cant.,  is  sit.  in  the 
Muotta  valley,  at  the  foot  of  the  Mythen 
mntn.,  17  m.  B.  Lucerne.     P.  5,225. 

SciAccA,  a  seaport  town  of  Sicily,  on 
its  S.  coast,  30  m.  W.N.W.  Girgenti.  P. 
12,670. 

ScicLi,  a  town  of  Sicily,  on  the  Scicli, 
CO.  &  6  m.  S.W.  Modica.     P.  10,000. 

SciGLiANO,  a  town  of  Naples,  17  miles 
S.  Cosenza.     P.  1,800. 

SciLLA,  a  marit.  town  of  Naples.  P. 
4,700. 

SciLLY  Islands,  a  group  off  the  S.W. 
coast  of  Engl.,  included  in  the  co.  Corn- 
wall, 30  m.  W.S.W.  the  Land's-end. 
They  consist  of  about  140  islets  &  rocks, 
the   princip.   of   the    former  being    St. 


fico] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZKTTEER. 


701 


Mary's,  Tresco,  St.  Martin's,  Brechar, 
St.  Agnes,  &  Sampson.  Aggregate  area, 
5,770  ac.  P.  2,582.  Reg.  burden  of 
shipping  5,082  tons.  Climate  mild,'  & 
soil  in  many  parts  fertile.  They  have 
been  considered  the  Cassiterides  or  tin- 
islands  of  the  ancients,  &  there  is  a  tra- 
dition that  a  tract  of  land  connected  them 
with  Cornwall,  but  they  have  no  mines 

of  tin  or  any  other  metal. II.  a  group 

in  the  Pacific  ocean,  lat.  16°  28'  S.,  Ion. 
156°  10'  W. 

SciNDE,  a  country  of  N.W.  India, 
having  S.E.  Cutch,  &  W.  Afifghanistan  & 
Beloochistan.  L.  N.  to  S.  about  380  m., 
greatest  breadth,  300  m.  Area,  60,000 
sq.  m.     P.  1,000,000. 

Scio,  Chio,  an  isl.  belonging  to  Tur- 
key, off  the  W.  coast  of  Asia-Minor,  4 
m.  W.  Cape  Bianco.  L.  32  m. ;  gr.  br. 
18  m.  Area,  508  sq.  m.  In  1822,  its 
inhabitants  having  joined  the  Samians 
in  their  revolt,  nearly  all  the  population, 
comprising  from  120,000  to  130,000  per- 
sons, were  massacred  or  sold  into  slavery 

by  the  Turks. II.  p-t.,  Alleghany  co. 

N.  Y.    P.  1, 156. III.  p-t.,  Washtenaw 

CO.  Mich. 

SciOLzn,  &  SciONZiER,  two  comms.  & 

vills.  of  the  Sardinian  territories. 1. 

Piedmont,  11  miles  E.N.E.  Turin.  P. 
1,124. II.  Savoy.     P.  2,436. 

Scioto,  a  river,  Ohio,  flows  S.-ward, 
joins  the  Ohio,  after  a  course  of  about 

175  m.,  for  130  of  which  it  is  navig. 

II.  a  S.  CO.  0.    Area,  600  sq.  m.     Cap. 

Portsmouth.    P.  18,428. III.  t.,  Ross 

CO.  0.     P.  1,377. 

Scipio,    p-t.,    Cayuga  co.   N.  Y.      P. 

2,225. II.   town,   Seneca  co.  0.     P. 

1,556. 

SciTUATE,  t.,  Plymouth  co.  Mass.,  on 
the  Atlantic.  P.  3,949. II.  t.,  Provi- 
dence CO.  R.  I.     P.  4,582. 

Scoglio-Grande,  the  largest  of  the 
Brioni  isls.,  Adriatic,  oif  the  W.  coast  of 

Istria. II.  one  of  the  Ponza  isls.,  off 

the  W.  coast  of  Naples. 

ScoMBi,  a  river  of  European  Turkey, 
Albania,  after  a  W.  course  of  130  miles 
enters  the  Adriatic. 

Scone,  a  pa.  of  Scotland,  co.  &  2|-  m. 
N.  Perth.  P.  2,422.  At  ancient  Scone, 
of  which  almost  the  only  remnant  is  a 
market  cross,  the  kings  of  Scotland  were 
formerly  crowned  on  a  famous  stone  now 
preserved  in  Westminster  Abbey.  Here 
was  an  abbey  &  royal  palace  of  the 
Scottish  kings. 

ScoHFF,  a  river  of  France,  dep.  Mor- 
bihan.  L.  30  m.,  enters  the  harbor  of 
L'  Orient. 


Scotland,  the  northern  portion  of 
Great  Britain,  extends  in  its  mainland 
from  lat.  54°  38'  to  58°  41'  N.,  &  Ion.  1° 
45'  to  6°  14'  W.,  &  including  its  islands, 
to  lat.  60°  50'  N.  &  Ion.  8°  35'  W.  It  is 
separated  from  England  by  a  waving 
line  of  the  Cheviot  hills  in  the  centre,  by 
the  Tweed  on  the  E.,  &  by  the  Solway 
firth  on  the  W.  It  is  of  an  oblong  irreg- 
ular form.  Estimated  area,  including 
islands,  28,896  sq.m.  P.  2,870,784.  The 
greater  part  of  the  surface  is  irregularly 
distributed  into  mountain  &  valley,  a 
very  small  proportion  extending  into 
level  plains,  being  broken  up  by  innu- 
merable headlands  &  bays,  &  thickly 
studded  with  islands  of  various  magni- 
tudes. Scotland  is  divided  into  the  Low- 
lands, comprehending  that  portion  S.  of 
the  Tay,  &  the  low  country  all  along  the 
E.  &  N.E.  coasts,  &  the  Highlands  com- 
prehending the  Central  &  Western  &  N. 
Western  portions.  The  Grampian  ranges 
of  mountains,  commencing  with  Ben 
Nevis,  extend  in  a  N.E.  direction,  to  near 
the  E.  shores  in  Aberdeenshire.  Lakes 
are  numerous,  &  many  of  them  famed 
for  picturesque  beauty.  Loch  Lomond, 
Loch  Awe,  Loch  Tay,  Loch  Ness,  Loch 
Maree,  are  the  most  extensive.  The 
islands  consist  of  the  Orkney,  Hebrides,  & 
Shetland  groups,  also  separately  noticed. 
The  rent  of  land  ranges  from  7s.  to  3Z.  & 
5Z.  per  acre.  Manufactures  of  cotton, 
linen,  &  woollen  goods  are  extensively 
carried  on  in  Scotland.  Value  of  cotton 
goods  annually  produced  estimated  at 
5,000,000Z.  Coal  &  iron  working,  ship- 
building, coach-building,  glass  &  stone 
ware  manufactures  &  whisky  distilling, 
are  among  the  other  branches  exten- 
sively pursued.  About  6  million  galls, 
whisky,  duty  upwards  of  1,080,000Z.,  are 
annually  produced.  Total  number  of 
persons  employed  in  fisheries  88,718. 
Annual  value  of  salmon  fisheries  150,- 
OOOZ.  Nett  revenue  of  customs,  excise 
stamps,  post-office,  &  property  tax  of 
Scotland  5,829,668Z.  In  1849,  5,447  m. 
of  raUway  were  opened.  The  principal 
canals  are  the  Forth  &  Clyde  &  Union 
canal,  the  Crinan  &  Caledonian  canals. 
Scotland  is  divided  into  32  cos. 

Chief  towns,  Edinburgh  the  capital, 
Glasgow,  Perth,  Dundee,  Aberdeen.  Dum- 
fries, &  Inverness.  In  each  of  the  cos. 
are  a  lord-lieutenant,  a  sheriff-depute  & 
substitute,  &  local  justices.  From  l-8th 
to  l-lOlh  uf  the  p.  are  calculated  to  be 
receiving  education.  Caledonia  was  the 
ancient  name  of  Scotland,  &  the  earliest 
inhabitants  were  Celtic,  but  at  various 


702 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[sea 


periods  colonies  of  Teutonic  origin  made 
descents  upon  &  settled  in  the  lowlands 
&  central  highlands  of  Scotland.  Such 
probably  were  the  Picts  about  the  third 
century,  &  the  Attacotti  or  Scoti  from 
Ireland  several  centuries  later.  These 
latter  gave  their  names  to  the  whole 
country.  The  N.W.  parts  of  Scotland 
&  the  Hebrides  are  still  peopled  by  the 
Celtic  race.  That  part  S.  of  the  Tay  & 
Clyde,  &  the  whole  E.  coasts,  including 
Caithness,  are  Saxon  &  Scandinavian. 
The  central  parts  are  a  mixture  of  Saxon 
&  Celtic.  Erse  or  Gaelic,  the  language 
of  the  aboriginal  Celts,  is  still  spoken  in 
the  highlands.  The  old  Scottish  lan- 
guage is  a  cognate  Teutonic  dialect. 
Scotland,  previously  an  independent  king- 
dom, was  joined  to  England  in  1603,  on 
the  accession  of  James  VI.,  &  a  legisla- 
tive union  of  the  two  kingdoms  took  place 
in  1707.  By  this  treaty  16  peers,  elected 
from  the  whole  body  of  Scottish  peers, 
represented  the  country  in  the  House  of 
Lords  ;  &  the  cos.  returned  30  &  the  bors. 
15  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

In  1832  the  bor.  members  were  increased 

to  23.  The  elective  franchise  nearly  cor- 
responds to  that  of  England. II.  N.E. 

CO.  Mo.    Area,  936  sq.  m.    Cap.  Edina. 

P.  3,732. 

Scott,  co.  S.W.  Va.     Area,  624  sq.  m. 

P.  9,829.    Cap.  Estilville. II.  S.E.  co. 

Miss.     Area,  576  sq.  m.     Cap.  Hillsbo- 

ro'.      P.  3,761. III.  a    N.    co.   Ky. 

Area,  252   sq.  miles.     P.  14,946.     Cap. 

Georgetown. IV.  a  S.E.  co.  la.  Area, 

200  sq.  m.     Cap.  Lexington.     P.  5,885. 

V.  a  W.  CO.  111.     Area,  240  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Winchester.   P.  7,914. VI.  a  S.E. 

CO.  Mo.     Area,  936  sq.  m.     Cap.  Benton. 

P.  3,132. VII.  an  E.  co.  Iowa.    Area, 

B40  sq.  m.     Cap.  Davenport.     P.  5,986. 

VIII.  a  W.  CO.  Ark.     Area,  950  sq. 

miles.     Cap.  Booneville.     P.   3,083. 

IX.  a  CO.  E.  Tenn.     P.  1,905. X.  p-t., 

Cortland  co.  N.  Y.     R  1,332. 

ScoTTSviLLE,  p-v..  Cap.  Powhatan  co. 

Va. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Allen  co.  Ky. 

Scrape,  a  mountaiu  of  Scotland,  co, 

Peebles.    Height  above  the  sea  2,800  ft. 
ScRiBA,   p-t.,   Oswego   CO.  N.   Y.     P. 

2,738. 

ScRiVEN,  a  S.E.  CO.  Ga.    Area,  748  sq. 

miles.     Cap.  Jacksonboro'.     P.  6,817. 
Scrub  Island,  one  of  the  Virgin  isls., 

British  W.  Indies. 

ScuRcoLLA,  a  town  of  Naples,  22  m. 

S.S.W.    Aquila.      Near    this,  in    1268, 

Charles  of  Anjou  gained  the  battle  of 

Tagliacozzo. 
ScuBE  OF  EiG,  a  vast  basaltic  moun- 


tain of  the  island  of  Eig,  Inner  Hebrides, 
CO.  Inverness,  rising  to  1,340  feet.  In  its 
perpendicular  side,  facing  the  sea,  is  a 
cavern  termed  the  "  bone  cave,"  from 
400  of  the  inhabs.  of  Eig  having  been 
smothered  here  by  the  clansmen  of  Skye. 
Scutari,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor,  on  the 
Bosphorus,  immediately  opposite  Con- 
stantinople, of  which  it  is  usually  con- 
sidered a  suburb.  P.  60,000.  It  is  built 
on  several  hills,  &  has,  both  externally  & 
internally,  a  great  resemblance  to  the 
Turkish  capital.  It  is  the  great  rendez- 
vous for  caravans  from  Asia  trading  to 
Constantinople,  &  betw.  it  &  Chalcedon ; 
IJ  miles  S.-ward  is  the  plain  where  the 
Turkish  forces  usually  assemble  for  Asi- 
atic campaigns.  Here,  in  325,  the  troops 
of  Constantine  the  Great  finally  defeated 
those  of  Licinius. II.  a  town  of  Euro- 
pean Turkey,  Albania,  on  the  Boyana,  at 
the  S.  extremity  of  the  lake  of  Scutari, 
45  m.  S.E.  Cattaro.  P.  40,000.  Imme- 
diately adjacent  is  a  lofty  height  crowned 
by  a  citadel,  &  containing  the  residence 
of  the  governor,  with  an  arsenal  &  bar- 
racks. Sea-going  vessels  only  ascend  the 
Boyana  to  Hobotti  some  miles  from  Scu- 
tari, &  where  are  extensive  warehouses, 

&  a  custom-house. III.  (or  Skutari), 

a  vill.  of  Greece,  Morea,  gov.  Mistra. 

Scutari  (Lake  of),  European  Tur- 
key, Albania,  is  20  m.  in  length  from  N. 
to  S. ;  av.  br.  5  m. 

Scylla,  a  town  of  Naples,  11  miles 
N.N.E.  Reggio.  Near  it  are  the  rock  of 
Scylla,  &  the  whirlpool  of  Charybdis. 

Sdili,  two  islets  of  the  Grecian  ar- 
chipelago. 

Se,  a  prefixed  name  of  many  cities  in 

China. 1.  (Se-Ling),  on  the  Tonquin 

frontier,  12  m.  S.W.  Se-Ming. II.  {S. 

Ming),  on  a  river  115  m.  from  its  mouth 

in  the  gulf  of  Tonquin. III.  (Ngan), 

cap.  dep.,  45  m.  N.N.W.  Nan-ngin. • 

IV.  (Nan),  lat.  28°  N.,  Ion.  108°  25'  B. 

V.   {Telling),  lat.  24°  20'  N.,  Ion. 

106°  15'  E. VI.  {Tchou),  on  the  bor- 
der of  Hou-nan. 

Seabrook,  t.,  Rockingham  co.  N.  H^ 
P.  1,392. 

Seaford,  a  cinque  port  of  England,  co. 
Sussex.     P.  953. 

Seaforth  (Loch),  an  arm  of  the  sea 
in  the  Hebrides,  Scotland. 

Sea  Horse  Islands,  a  chain  of  islets, 
Arctic  ocean,  off  the  coast  of  Russian 
America. — Sea-Horse  Point,  British  N. 
America,  is  the  E.  extremity  of  South- 
ampton island. 
Seal,  t.,  Pike  co.  0.  P.  1,835. 
Seal  Island,  British  N.  America,  is 


bed] 


UNIVERSAL.    GAZETTEER. 


703 


in  the  Atlantic,  18  m.  W.  Cape  Sable. 

II.  a  granite  rock  off  the  S.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia.— -III.  S.W.  Africa,  off  the  Hot- 
tentot coast. — Seal  river,  Brit.  N.  Amer., 
enters  Hudson  bay  on  its  W.  side.  L. 
200  miles. 

Sealer's  Cove,  an  inlet  of  the  S. 
coast  of  Australia,  13  m.  E.  Wilson  prom- 
ontory. 

Sealkote,  or  Shaleote,  a  town  of  the 
Punjab,  65  m.  B.N.B.  Lahore. 

Searey,  a  N.  CO.  Ark.     Area,  850  sq. 

miles.     Cap.  Lebanon.     P.  1,979. II. 

p-v.,  cap.  White  co.  Ark. 

Seahsmont,  t.,  Waldo  co.  Me.  P. 
1,374. 

Sebago,  lake,  Cumberland  co.  Mo.  12 
m.  long. 

Sebastiansberg,  or  Basberg,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  18  m.  N.W.  Saatz.    P.  1,588. 

Sebasticook,  r.,  Me.,  enters  the  Ken- 
nebec. 

Sebee,  t.,  Piscataquis  co.  Me.  P. 
1,116. 

Sebee,  a  town  at  the  S.  frontier  of  Aff- 
ghanistan,  15  m.  E.  Dadur. 

Se-Beero,  Indian  ocean,  off  the  W. 
coast  of  Sumatra,  is  60  m.  in  length. 

Seben,  a  walled  town  of  Hungary,  co. 
Saros,  on  the  Tarisa,  9  m.  N.N.W.  Bpe- 
ries.    P.  2,200. 

Sebenico,  a  town  of  Dalmatia,  42  m. 
S.E.  Zara,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Adriatic.  P. 
6,000. 

Sebesh,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  95 
m.  N.W.  Vitebsk.     P.  2,100. 

Sebha,  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  Fez- 
zan. 

Sebnitz,  a  town  of  Saxony.  24  miles 
E.S.E.  Dresden.     P.  3,309. 

Seboncoprt,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Aisne.  P.  2,007. — Sebourg  is  a 
comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Nord.     P.  1,707. 

Sebou,  a  river  of  Morocco,  prov.  Fez. 

Sebus,  a  river  of  Morocco,  kingdom 
Fez,  after  a  tortuous  W.  course  of  210  m., 
enters  the  Atlantic. 

Sebustieh,  a  vill.  of  Palestine,  pash. 
Acre,  on  a  hill  rising  out  of  a  fine  plain, 
6  m.  N.W.  Nablous.  It  is  tolerably  well 
built,  &  its  hill  is  covered  with  fine  gar- 
dens, interspersed  with  numerous  ves- 
tiges of  ancient  edifices.  Samaria  was 
founded  by  Omri,  b.c.  925,  &  from  that 
time  until  the  captivity,  b.c.  720,  it  con- 
tinued to  be  the  cap.  of  the  ten  tribes  of 
Israel.  It  afterwards  gave  name  to  the 
prov.  Samaria,  &  under  Herod  it  re- . 
sumed  considerable  magnificence  &  im- 
portance ;  but  it  appears  to  have  de- 
cayed as  early  as  the  4th  century  of  our 
era. 


Seca  (La),  a  town  of  Spain,  19  miles 
S.S.W.  Valladolid.     P.  3,997. 

Secchia,  a  river  of  N.  Italy,  joins  the 
Po.     Total  course  70  m. 

Sechshaus,  a  vill.  of  Lower  Austria, 
with  public  baths  &  gardens.     P.  2,530. 

Se-chuen,  a  large  prov.  of  China,  hav- 
ing W.  Tibet.  Area,  166,800  sq.  m.  P. 
21,435,678. 

Sechura,  a  town  of  N.  Peru,  25  miles 
S.S.W.  Piura. 

Seckenheim,  a  vill.  of  Baden,  on  the 
Neckar,  4  miles  E.S.E.  Mannheim.  P. 
1,750. 

Seckingen,  a  town  of  Baden,  16  m.  E. 
Basle.    P.  1,420. 

Seclin,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Nord.     P.  2,573. 

Secondigliano,  a  town  of  Naples,  3 
m.  N.  Naples.  P.  5,000. — Secondigny  is 
a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Deux- 
Sevres.     P.  1,587. 

Secrole,  a  town  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid.  Bengal,  dist.  &  4  m.  N.W.  Benares. 

Secugen,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  9  m. 
S.E.  Aarau.     P.  1,500. 

Secunderabad,  an  European  station 
in  India,  Deccan,  3  miles  N.  Hyderabad. 
It  has  large  cantonments. —  Secunder- 
mally  is  a  town  of  British  India,  presid. 
Madras,  4  m.  S.  Madura. 

Secundra,  a  town  of  British  India,  9 
m.  N.W.  Agra,  &  having  the  magnificent 
mausoleum  of  the  Emperor  Akbar. — = — 
II.  a  large  walled  vill.,  32  m.  S.E.  Delhi. 

III.  a  town,  dist.  Cawnpoor,  18  m. 

N.W.  Kalpee. 

Sedan,  a  comm.  &  fortified  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ardennes,  11m.  E.S.E.  Me- 
zieres.  P.  13,180.  It  has  a  communal 
college,  a  school  of  design,  &  in  its  prin- 
cipal square,  a  bronze  statue  of  Turenne, 
born  here  1611. 

Sedashoogur,  a  marit.  town  of  British 
India,  on  the  Malabar  coast,  49  m.  S.S.E. 
Goa. 

Sedbergh,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  York,  W.  Riding.     P.  4,836. 

Sedgefield,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  &  10  m.  S.S.E.  Durham.    P.  2,105. 

Sedgemoor,  a  wild  tract  of  England, 
CO.  Somerset,  &  in  1685  the  scene  of  the 
defeat  of  the  Duke  of  Monmouth's  forces 
by  the  troops  of  James  II. 

Sedgewick,  t.,  Hancock  co.  Me.  P. 
1,235. 

Sedilo,  &  Sedini,  two  vills.  &  eomms. 

of  Sardinia. 1.  26  m.  N.E.  Oristano. 

P.  2,240. II.  16  m.  N.E.  Sassari.    P. 

1,547. 

Sedljtz,  a  vill.  of  Bohemia,  14  m.  N.E. 
Saatz.    It  is  famous  for  mineral  springs. 


704 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GJSOaaAPHY. 


[SEG 


Sednew,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  16  m. 
N.E.  Tchernigov.     P.  1,000. 

Seeben.  &  Seeberg,  two  villages  of 

Switzerland. 1.  17  m.  N.N.E.  Soleure. 

II.  17  m.  N.KB.  Bern. 

Seebgunge,  a  town  of  British  India, 
86  m.-  N.N.E.  Moorshehabad. 

Sbeburg,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  11m. 
S.W.  Bischoffstein.     P.  2,250. 

Seedapooh,  a  town  of  India,  Decean, 
70  m.  S.E.  Bejapoor. 

Seedoef,  a  viil.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
&  9  m.  N.W.  Bern.     P.  2,000. 

Seedoura,  a  town  of  British  India,  in 
the  protected  Sikh  territory,  34  m.  'N.W. 
Seharunpoor. 

Seefingan,  a  mountain  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  co.  Wicklow.     Height  2,364  ft. 

Seehausen,    two    towns   of   Prussian 

Saxony. 1,  on  the  Aland,  13  m.  S.S.W. 

Perleberg.     P.   3,110. 11.   15  m.  W. 

Magdeburg,  with  2,360  inhabs. 

Seehore,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan,  in 
the  Gujerat  peninsula,  12  m.  W.  the  gulf 
of  Cambay. 

Seekonk,  a  tnshp.,  Bristol  co.  Mass., 
46  m.  S.S.W.  Boston.     P.  1,996. 

Seekeee,  a  town  of  British  India,  26 
m.  S.  Delhi. 

Seelajan,  a  town  of  N.  Hindostan. 

Seeland.  Zeeland,  or  Zealand,  the 
largest  &  most  important  of  the  Danish 
isls.,  in  the  Baltic,  separated  from  Sweden 
by  the  sound,  &  from  the  isls.  Pijhnen  & 
Langeland  by  the  Great  Belt.  Area, 
with  several  small  isls.  adjacent,  2,675 
sq.  m.  P.  470,000.  Copenhagen,  the 
Danish  cap.,  is  on  its  B.  side;  &  it  also 
contains  the  towns  Eoeskilde,  Skagelse, 
&  Skielskior. 

Seelow,  a  town  of  Prussia,  15  m. 
N.W.  Frankfurt.     P.  2,300. 

Seemleah,  a  town  of  Central  India. 

Seena,  a  river  of  India,  Decean,  after 
a  S.E.  course  of  180  m.,  joins  the  Beemah. 

Seengen,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  9  m., 
S.E.  Aarau.     P.  1,500. 

Seeore,  or  Sehoee,  a  town  of  British 
India,  22  m.  W.S.W.  Bhopaul. 

Seer,  a  mouth  of  the  Indus  river. 

Seera,  a  town  of  British  India,  presid. 
Bengal,  45  m.  E.  Bhatneer. 

Seerpoor,  two  towns  of  British  India. 

1.  78  m.  N.E.  Moorshedabad. II. 

S.W.  Talneir. — Seerwell  is  a  town,  23  m. 
S.E.  Poonah. 

Seesen,  a  town  of  Germany,  12  m.  W. 
Goslar.    P.  2,729. 

Seetamow,  &  Seetapooh,  two  towns 

of  Central  India. 1.  42  m.   N.N.W. 

Mehidpoor. II.  9  miles  from  Oma- 

reah. 


Seewannu,  a  town  &  hill-fort  of 
India,  dom.  Joudpoor. 

Seez,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Orne,  13  m.  N.N.E.  Alenfon.     P.  3,18-3. 

II.  a  mkt.  town  of  Savoy,  16  m.  N.E. 

Moutiers.     P.  of  comm.  1,850. 

Sefakin,  a^  town  of  Arabia,  Yemen, 
65  m.  W.S.W.  Sana. 

Seffin,  a  small  town  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, pash.  Diarbekir,  in  Mesopotamia. 
During  the  7th  century,  in  the  period  of 
110  days,  90  conflicts,  between  the  adher- 
ents of  Ali  &  of  Moawiyah,  took  place  in 
its  vicinity,  in  which  it  is  believed  that 
70,000  Mohammedans  perished. 

Sefid-Rood,  a  riv.  of  N.  Persia,  formed 
by  the  junction  of  the  Zenjan  &  some 
other  rivers  with  the  Kizil  Ouzan,  enters 
the  Caspian  sea. 

Sefurieh,  a  vill.  of  Palestine,  16  m. 
S.E.  Acre. 

Segal,  a  small  isl.  off  the  W.  coast  of 
France,  dep.  Finistere. — St.  Segal  is  & 
comm.  &  vUl.,  same  dep.    P.  1,248. 

Segamet,  a  state  of  the  Malay  penin- 
sula, having'S.  Johore.    P.  2,400. 

Segeberg,  a  town  of  Denmark,  duchy 
Holstein,  28  m.  N.N.E.  Hamburg,  with 
3,000  inhab. 

Segelmesa,  a  consid.  town  of  Morocco, 
E.  Mount  Atlas. 

Segesvak,  a  town  of  Transylvania,  on 
1.  b.  of  the  Kuklillo.     P.  596. 

Segideh,  a  vill.  of  Asia-Minor,  Ana- 
tolia, 25  m.  S.E.  Ushak. 

Segnes  Pass,  E.  Switzerland,  is  7^  m. 
N.  Ilanz,  &  7,500  ft.  above  the  sea. 

Segni,  a  town  of  S.  Italy,  Pontif.  sta. 
P.  4,110. 

Sego,  a  town  of  Central  Africa, 
Nigritia.     P.  30,000.(?) 

Segonzac,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Charente,  8  m.  S.E.  Cognac. 
P.  2,600. 

Segorbe,  a  city  of  Spain,  25  miles 
W.S.AV.  Castellon-de-la-Plana,  18  miles 
N.W.  Murviedro.    P.  6,015. 

Segovia,  a  city  of  Spain,  cap.  prov., 
47  m.  N.N.W.  Madrid.  P.  7,646.  Its 
aqueduct,  supposed  to  have  been  built  in 
the  time  of  Trajan,  consists  of  161  arches 
in  double  tiers,  the  whole  built  of  square 
stones  without  mortar,  &  having  a  chan- 
nel at  the  top,  about  8  ft.  wide,  750  yards 
long,  &  rising  100  ft.  above  the  valley. 

Segozero,  a  lake  of  Russia,  30  miles 
N.W.  Lake  Onega.  L.  &  br.  about  20 
m.  each. 

Segre,  a  river  of  Spain,  Catalonia, 
after  a  course  of  150  m.,  joins  the  Ebro. 

II.  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 

Maine-et- Loire,  20  miles  N.W.  Angers. 


sel] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


105 


P.   1,748. — Segrie    is   a  comm.  &   vill., 
dep.  Sarthe.     P.  1,725. 

Segur,  several  comms.  of  France  ;  the 
principal  in  dep.  Aveyron,  18  m.  N.W. 
Milhau.     P.  1,399. 

Segura,  a  river  of  Spain,  after  an  E. 
course  of  180  m.,  enters  the  Mediter- 
ranean.— Sierra  de  Segura  separates  its 
basin  from  that  of  the  Guadalquivir. 

Segura,   several  towns   of  Spain,  &g. 

■ 1.  38  m.  N.N.E.  Teruel.   P.  823. - 

II.  {de  la  Sierra),  60  m.  N.E.  Jaen.     P. 

2,471. III.  (ofe  Leon),  44   m.  S.S.E. 

Badajos.     P.  2,960. 

Sehajpoor,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  30  m.  E.  Iloseingabad. — 
Sehara  is  a  vill.,  8  m.  W.  Agra. 

Seharunpoor,  a  dist.  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal.  Area,  1,961  sq.  m.  P. 
454,331.— /Se/ia7-«7!j90or,  the  cap.,  a  large 
town,  i&  at  one  period  a  considerable 
military  station,  is  83  m.  N.N.E.  Delhi. 

Sehdine,  a  town  of  Burmah,  20  m.  S. 
by  W.  Shembegewn. 
-    Sehwan,   a  town  of  Scinde,  close  to 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Indus,  75  m.  N.N.W. 
Hyderabad.     P.  2,000. 

Seibus,  one  of  the  principal  rivers  of 
Algeria,  enters  the  gulf  of  Bona,  after  a 
N  E.  course  estim.  at  100  m. 

Seidabad,  several  vills.  of  Persia, 
provs.  Azerbijan,  Kirman,  &  Kurdistan, 
— Seid-el- Ghazy  is  a  vill.,  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia. 

Seidenberg,  a  frontier  town  of  Prus- 
sian Silesia.  P.  1,320. — Seidingstadt  is 
a  vill.  of  Saxe-Meiningen. 

Seidi-Shehr,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor, 
pash.  Karauiania,  45  m.  S.W.  Konieh. — 
The  lake  of  Seidi-Shehr  is  another  name 
for  that  of  Beg-shehr. 

iSbifbnbehg,  a  summit  of  the  Riesen- 
gebirge,  Prussiiin  Silesia.    Elev.  4,476  ft. 

Seiffen,  a  rakt.  t.  of  Saxony.  P. 1,097. 

Seifhennbrsdorf,  a  vill.  of  Saxony, 
9  m.  N.W.  Zittau.     P.  5,577. 

Seignelay,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town'  of 
Prance,  dep.  Yonne,  7  m.  N.  Auxerre. 
P.  1,523. 

Seil,  an.i,-*land  of  the  Inner  Hebrides, 
Scot!.,  CO.  Argyle. 

Seiland,  an  island  of  the  N.W.  coast 
of  Noi-way.     L.  &  br.  20  m.  each. 

Seilhac,  &  Seillans,  two  comms.  & 
mkt.  towns  of  France.— — I.  dep.  Correze, 

6  m.  N.N.W.  Tulle.     P.   1,620. II. 

[SaiUans),  dep.  Var.     P.  1,049. 

Seille,  three  rivers  of  France. 1. 

joins  the  SaOne,  15  m.  N.  Macon,  after  a 

S.W.   course  of  60  m. II.  joins  the 

Moselle  at  Metz,  after  a  N.  course  of  60 

miles. III.  an  affl.  of  the  latter. 

SO* 


Seilun,  a  vill.  of  Palestine,  pash.  Acre, 
10  m.  S.S.E.  Nablous. 

Seim,  a  riv.  of  Russia,  joins  the  Desna, 
after  a  course  of  300  miles. 

Seimarrah,  a  ruined  city  of  Persian 
Kurdistan,  in  a  fine  plain. 

Sein  (Sena),  an  islet  in  the  Atlantic, 
off  the  N.W.  coast  of  France. 

Seine,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  Mt. 
Tasselot,  &  enters  the  English  channel  by 
an  estuary  7  miles  wide.  L.  414  m.,  for 
350  of  which  it  is  navigable.  Its  banks 
are  highly  picturesque  in  the  lower  part 

of  its  course. II.   the  smallest   but 

most  wealthy  &  important  dep.  of  France 
in  the  N.,  formed  of  part  of  the  old  prov. 
Ile-de-Franee,  cap.  Paris.  Area,  181  sq. 
m.  P.  1,422,065.  The  surface  of  this 
dep.,  forming  the  environs  of  the  cap.,  is 
covered  with  towns,  villages,  villas,  & 
manufactories.  It  contains  Mont  Vale- 
rien,  Montmartre,  &  some  other  hills. 

Seine-Inferieure,  a  maritime  dep. 
of  France,  in  the  N.W.,  formed  part  of 
the  old  prov.  Normandy ;  cap.  Rouen. 
Area,  2,300  sq.  miles.  P.  762,039.  The 
coast  has  numerous  small  harbors;  the 
chief  ports  are  Havre  &  Dieppe  on  the 
English  channel,  &  Rouen  on  the  Seine. 

Seine-et-Marne,  a  dep.  of  France  in 
the  N.E.,  forming  part  of  the  old  prov. 
Ile-de-France.  Area,  2,335  sq.  m.  P. 
345,076.  One  sixth  of  the  dep.  is  covered 
with  forests,  among  which  is  that  of 
Fontainebleau. 

Seine-et-Oisb,  a  dep.  of  France,  in 
the  N.,  entirely  surrounding  the  metro- 
politan dep.  Seine.  Area,  2,253  sq.  m. 
P.  771,884. 

Seine  l' Abbaye  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  COte-d'-  Or,  15  m.  N.W. 
Dijon. 

Seinni,  a  frontier  town  of  Burmah, 
165  m.  N.E.  Ava. 

Seiputsch,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia,  21  m.  S.W.  Wadowice.    P.  3,370. 

Seir-Beni-Yass,  an  island  in  Persian 
gulf,  off  the  Arabian  coast. 

Seistan,  a  prov.  of  S.W.  Affghanistan, 
intersected  by  the  Helmund  river,  &  con- 
taining the  Hamoon  morass.    P.  50,000. 

Seix,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Ariege,  9  m.  S.S.E.  St.  Girons.    P.  1,689. 

Sel,  one  of  the  Cape  Verd  isls. 

Selang,  a  small  island  of  the  Molucca 
group,  Asiatic  archipelago. 
"^   Selangan,  a  town  of  the  isl.,  &  con- 
tiguous to  the  town  of  Mindanao,  Philip- 
pines.   P.  10,000.  (7) 

Selargius,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Sardi- 
nia, 4i  m.  N.E.  Cagliari.     P.  2,511. 

Selb,  a  market  town  of  Bavaria,  on 


•706 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[SEM 


an  affluent  of  the  Eger,  12  miles  N.W. 
Eger. 

Sklbitz,  a  inkt.  town  of  Bavaria,  7  m. 
W.  Hof,  with  1,160  inhabs. 

Selboe,  an  islet  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Norway,  28  m.  S.  Bergen. — Lake  of  Sel- 
boe is  20  m.  in  length,  by  3  miles  in  br. 
It  receives  the  river  Nea. 

Selby,  a  mkt.  town,  river-port  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  York,  W.  Riding,  on  the  rt.  ». 
of  the  Ouse.     P.  15,476. 

Selefkeh,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor,  65 
m.  S.W.  Tarsous. 

Selendi,  a  small  town  of  Asia- Minor, 
Anatolia,  on  an  affl.  of  the  Kodus. 

Selenga,  a  river  of  Central  Asia,  & 
after  a  course  of  500  miles  enters  Lake 
Baikal  on  its  E.  side. 

Selenghinsk,  a  town  of  Siberia,  60m. 
N.  Kiakhta.     P.  2,600. 

Seleucia,  several  cities  of  antiquity 
in  W.  Asia,  the  sites  of  which  are  indi- 
cated by  ruins. 1.  Asiatic  Turkey,  on 

rt.  b.  of  the  Tigris,   20  m.  S.E.  Bagdad. 

II.   Persia,    Khuzistan. -III.   {S. 

Pieria),  N.  Syria,  pash.  Aleppo,  12  m. 
N.N.W.  the  mouth  of  the  Orontes. 

Selichtsche,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  69  m.  W.  Vitebsk.     P.  1,000. 

Seligenstadt,  a  town  of  Germany, 
H.  Darmstadt,  on  the  Main,  15  m.  E.S.E. 
Frankfurt.     P.  2,624. 

Seligher,  a  lake  of  Russia.  L.  30  m., 
br.  10  miles. 

Selimah,  an  oasis  in  the  desert  of  Nu- 
bia, 95  m.  S.W.  Semneh. 

Selimno,  a  walled  town  of  European 
Turkey,  Rumili,  65  m.  N.N.W.  Adrian- 
ople.    P.  20,000. 

Selino,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Crete,  on  its 
S.  coast. 

Selinti  (Cape),  Asia-Minor,  pash. 
Itshil,  32  na.  N.W.  Cape  Anamour. 

Selitkenoi-Gorodok,  a  mkt.  town  of 
Russia,  68  m.  N.N.W.  Astrakhan,  on  the 
Volga. 

Selitza,  a  vill.  of  European  Turkey, 

Macedonia. II.    a   vill.  of   Greece, 

Morea. 

Selkirk,  a  town  of  Scotland,  cap.  co., 
on  a  declivity  beside  the  Ettrick,  r.  b.,  33 
m.  S.S.E.  Edinburgh.  It  has  been  most- 
ly rebuilt  in  a  modern  stylo,  &  has  a 
prosperous  appearance,  with  a  spacious 
market  place,  in  which  are  the  town-hall, 
with  a  spire  of  110  feet  in  height,  a  pub- 
lic well,  &  monument  to  Sir  Walter  Scott. 
P.  3,313. 

Selkirkshire,  a  small  inland  co.  of 
Scotland,  in  the  Lowlands.  Area,  265 
sq.  m.    P.  9,797. 

Selle,  two  rivers  of  France. 1. 


joins  the  Lot,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  54 

miles. II.  joins   the  Scheldt;    total 

course,  23  miles.— La  Selle  is  the  name 
of  several  comms.  &  vills.  of  France  ;  the 
chief,  dep.  Mayenne,  4  m.  W.  Craon.  P. 
1,511.      , 

Selles,  several  comms.,  &c.,  of  France. 

1.  (sur-Cher),  a  town,  dep.  Loir-et- 

Cher,  on  the  Cher.  P.  2,033.— SeWes  St. 
Denis  is  a  vill.     P.  1,928. 

Sellye,  two  mkt.  towns  of  W.  Hun- 
gary.— —I.  14  m.  S.W.  Neutra,  36  m. 
S.  Kaposvar. 

Selma,  p-v.,    Dallas  co.  Ala.,  on  the 

Ala.  riv.    P.  1,000. II.  p-v.,  Jefferson 

CO.  Mo.     Exports  lead. 

Selongey,  a  comra.  &  mkt.  town  of 
Prance,  dep.  COte-d'-Or,  19  m.  N.N.E.  Di- 
jon. P.  1,645. — Selowitz  is  a  town  of 
Moravia,  11  m.  S.  Briinn.     P.  1,100. 

Selsate,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  12  miles 
N.N.E.  Ghent.     P.  of  comm.  3,100. 

Seltees,  two  vills.  of  the  duchy  Nas- 
sau, Germany. 

Seltschan,  or  Sedlczany,  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  30  miles  S.E.  Beraun.  P.  1,698. 

Seltz,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
on  the  Rhine.     P.  2,157. 

Selune,  a  river  of  France,  dep.  Man- 
che,  enters  Cancale  bay.     L.  35  m. 

Selva,  several   towns   of   Spain,   &c. 

1.  9  m.  N.W.  Tarragona.     P.  4,579. 

II.  island  Majorca.      P.  1,390. 

III.  {de  Mar),  prov.  Gerona,  with  a  small 
harbor  on  the  Mediterranean,  5  m.  N.E. 
Rosas. 

Selve,  an  island  of  Dalmatia,  in  the 
Adriatic.     L.  4  m. 

Selvi,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Bulgaria.     P.  2,500. 

Selz,  a  river  of  Germany,  after  a  N. 
course  of  30  m.  joins  the  Rhine,  7  m.  W. 
Mayence. 

Sem,  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the  Desna, 
after  a  W.  course  of  300  m. 

SEMANAGUR,a  town  of  Hindostan. 

Semao,  a  small  island  of  the  Asiatic 
archip.,  off  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Timor, 
Estim.  length  20  m. 

Semendria,  a  fortified  town  of  Servia, 
&  formerly  the  residence  of  its  kings,  on 
the  Danube,  24  m.  S.E.  Belgrade.  Estim. 
p.  9,000. 

Semenood,  a  town  of  Lower  Egypt, 
on  the  Damietta  branch  of  the  Nile. 

Semenov,  a  town  of  Russia,  cap.  circ, 
on  an  affl.  of  the  Kerjenetz.  P.  3,000. — 
Semenooka  &  Semenorskaia  are  two  mkt. 

towns. 1.  90  m.  S.E.  Voroniej. II. 

in  gov.  Moscow. 

Semile,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  23  miles 
N.E.  Jung-Bunzlau,  &  1,720  inhabs. 


sen] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


101 


Seminara,  a  town  of  Naples,  2  m.  S.B. 
Palmi.    P.  2,500. 

Semipalatinsk,  a  fortified  town  of 
Siberia,  140  m.  S.E.  Yamishevak. 

Semitch  Islands,  a  group  of  the 
Aleutian  isls.,  N.  Pacific  ocean. 

Semliank,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  & 
25  m.  N.W.  Voroniej.     P.  2,500. 

Semlin,  a  fortified  frontier  town  of  the 
Austrian  empire,  co.  &  40  m.  S.E.  Peter- 
wardein,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Danube,  3  miles 
N.W.  Belgrade.  P.  10,200.  It  is  the 
chief  entrepot  of  the  trade  between  Aus- 
tria &  Turkey. 

Semmed,  a  town  &  fort  of  Arabia, 
Oman,  55  m.  S.W.  Muscat. 

Semoy,  a  riv.  of  Belgian  Luxembourg 
&  France,  joins  the  Meuse.     L.  100  m. 

Sempach,  a  decaj'ed  town  of  Switzer- 
land, 8  m.  N.W.  Lucerne,  at  the  E.  ex- 
tremity of  the  lake  of  Sempach.  P.  960. 
In  its  vicinity  1,400  Swiss  routed  4,000 
Austrians,  9th  July,  1386 ;  &  the  action 
was  rendered  memorable  by  the  heroic 
death  of  Arnold  von  Winkelreid. — The 
lake  of  Sempach,  4  m.  in  length  by  1  m. 
in  breadth. 

Sempronius,  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  1,266. 

Sempst,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  on  the 
Sonne,  &  on  the  Brussels  &  Antwerp 
railw.,  10  miles  "N.N.E.  Brussels.  P.  of 
comm.  2,040. 

Semur  (En-Auxois),  a  comm.  &  town 
of  Prance,  dep.  Cute-d'-Or,  35  m.  W.N.W. 
Dijon.  P.  4,057. — {en  Brionnais),  a 
comm.  &  town,  dep.  SaOne-et-Loire.  P. 
1,615. 

Sena,  or  Senna,  a  town,  &  the  former 
cap.  of  the  Portuguese  dom.  in  E.  Africa, 
110  m.  W.  Quilimane. 

Sendenhorst,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Westphalia,  12  m.  SE.  Miinster.  P.  1,610. 

Sene,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Morbihan.    P.  2,476. , 

Seneca,  riv.,  S.  C,  enters  the  Tuga- 

loo.     L.  50  m. II.  a  central  co.  N.  Y. 

Area,  308  sq.  m.  Capt.  Ovid  &  Water- 
loo..   P.   25,441. III.  t.,    Ontario  co. 

N.  Y.,  on  the  border  of  Seneca  lake.     P. 

7^500. IV.  t.,  Seneca  co.  0.     P.  1,373. 

V.  t,  Guernsey  co.  0.     P.  1,339 

VI.  t.,  Monroe  co.  0.     P.  1,348. VII. 

a  N.  CO.  0.     Area,  540  sq.  m.    Cap.  Tif- 

flin.     P.  27,105. VIII.  (Lake),  in  the 

W.  part  of  the  state  of  New  York,  be- 
tween Cayuga  &  Crooked  lakes,  is  35  m. 
in  length  N.  to  S.,  breadth  from  2  to  4 
m. — Seneca  river  connects  this  &  several 
other  lakes  with  Lake  Ontario. 

Seneca  Falls,  p-t.,  Seneca  co.  New 
York    P.  4,300.  —  Cayuga  lake  lies  on 


its  S.B.  border.     Has  immense  water- 
power. 

Senefer,  an  island  of  the  Red  sea,  6 
m.  E.  the  isl.  Tiran. 

Seneffe,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  16  miles 
N.E.  Mons.  P.  3,464.  It  has  a  noble 
residence,  with  a  fine  park.  Here  a  san- 
guinary but  indecisive  battle  took  place 
in  1674,  between  the  French  under  the 
prince  of  Conde,  &  the  Allies  under  the 
prince  of  Orange,  afterwards  William  III. 
of  England. 

Senegal,  a  large  riv.  of  W.  Africa, 
rises  under  the  name  of  Ba-fing,  near 
Timbo,  &  enters  the  Atlantic  ocean. 
Total  course  1,000  m.  At  Fellore,  from 
400  to  450  m.  from  the  ocean,  it  forms  a 
cataract,  up  to  which  it  is  always  navig. 

for  flat-bottomed  boats. II.  a  French 

colonial  dependency  of  W.  Africa.    Total 
p.  18,864,  of  whom  10,283  are  slaves. 

Senegambia,  an  extensive  region  of 
W.  Africa,  comprising  the  countries  be- 
tween lat.  8°  &  17°  N.,  &  Ion.  4°  &  17° 
30'  W.,  having  E.  Nigritia  proper,  S. 
Guinea,  W.  the  Atlantic,  &  N.  the  Sahara. 
It  is  watered  by  the  Senegal  &  Gambia 
rivers. 

Senftenerg,  two  towns  of  Germany. 

1.  Bohemia,  28  miles  E.S.E.  Konig- 

gratz.      P.  2,904. II.  on  the  Black 

Elster,  15  m.  S.  Kalau.     P.  1,402. 

Sengannah,  a  town  of  N.W.  Hindos-' 
tan,  60  m-  E.S.E.  Chooroo. 

Seniavin  Islands,  a  group  in  the 
Pacific  ocean,  Caroline  archip.  Principal 
island,  Punipet. 

Seniga,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy,  Lom- 
bardy,  20  m.  S.S.W.  Brescia. 

Senio,  a  river  of  Central  Italy,  Tus- 
cany, Pontifical  states,  joins  the  Po-di- 
Primaro.    L.  50  m. 

Senise,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Ba- 
silicata,  29  m.  E.  Lagonegro.     P.  3,(M). 

Senjary  (Novoi),  a  town  of  RuMa, 
20  m.  S.AV.  Poltava.     P.  3,750. 

Senjen,  one  of  the  largest  of  the  Lofib- 
den  isls.,  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Norway. 
L.  45  m. ;  br.  30  m. 

Senkov,  a  town,  Russia,  42  m.  N.N.W. 

Poltava. II.  a  market  town,  68  m. 

E.S.E.  Kharkov. 

Senhs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Olse,  25  m.  N.E.  Paris.    P.  5,186. 

Senn,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  25  m. 
S.S.E.  Mosul,  on  the  Tigris. 

Sennaar,  the  S.  portion  of  Nubia.— 
Sennaar,  the  cap.  town,  is  near  the  Bahr- 
el-Azrek,  155  m.  S.S.E.  Khartoom. 

Senne,  a  river  of  Belgium,  after  a  N. 
course  of  55  m.  joins  the  Dyle. 

Sennecey-le-Grand,  a  eomm.&  mkt. 


'708 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[SER 


town  of  France,  dep.  Saone-et-Loire,  22 
m.  N.  Macon.    P.  2,638. 

Senneeut,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast 
of  Greenland,  N.  Cape  Desolation. 

Sennett,  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
2,347. 

Senno,  a  town  of  Russia,  72  in.  N.N.W. 
Moghilev.    P.  1,600. 

Senonais,  an  old  dist.  of  France,  of 
■which  Sens  was  the  cap. 

Senonches,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Eure-et-Loir,  18  m.  S.W. 
Dreux.     P.  1,295. 

Senones,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Vosges,  7  miles  N.E.  St.  Diey.  P. 
2,352. 

Senokbi,  a  vill.  of  the  island  Sardinia, 
22  m.  N.N.E.  Cagliari. .  P.  1,155. 

Sens,  a  city  of  France,  dep.  Yonne,  on 
rt.  b.  of  the  Yonne,  61  m.  S.S.E.  Paris. 
P.  10,042.  Its  walls  &  various  other 
buildings  are  of  Roman  construction. 
Its  cathedral  contains  the  mausoleum 
of  the  Dauphin,  son  of  Louis  XV.,  &  the 
tombs  of  other  historical  personages. 

Senseitrg,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  61  m. 
S.W.  Gumbinnen.     P.  2,100. 

Sentinels,  two  islets  in  the  bay  of 
Bengal. 

Sentipac,  a  town  of  Mexico,  dep. 
Xalisco. 

Sentis,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland,  6 
m.  S.  Appenzell.  Height  above  the  sea, 
7,119  feet. 

Seopoob,  a  town  of  India,  90  m.  S.W. 
Gwalior. 

Sepey,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Vaud. 

Sepino,  a  town  of  Naples,  9  m.  S.S.W. 
Campobasso.     P.  4,000. 

Sbpsi-St-Gy6rgy,  a  vill.  of  Transyl- 
vania, Szekler-land,  on  the  Aluta.  P. 
2,395. 

Sept-Feeees,  a  group  of  islets  off  the 
N.  ^^stof  Hayti,  opposite  Monte  Christi. 
II.  a  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Calvados. 

Sbpt-Isles  (or  Seven  Islands),  a 
group  belonging  to  France,  off  the  N. 
coast  of  Brittany,  2  m.  from  the  mainland. 

Septimer,  one  of  the  Swiss  Alpes,  cant. 
Grisons,  25  m.  S.E.  Chur.  The  pass 
across  it  is  7,611  feet  in  height. 

Septmoncel,  a  frontier  comm.  &  vill. 
of  France,  dep.  Jura,  15  miles  N.W.  Ge- 
neva.   P.  1,302. 

Sepulveda,  a  mkt.  town  of  Spain,  24 
m.  N.N.E.  Segovia.     P.  1,779. 

Sera  (Sira),  a  town  &  dist.  of  S.  In- 
dia, Mysore  dom. 

Serai,  a  town  of  India,  Bundelcund, 

28  miles  S.  Teary. II.  Eur.  Turkey, 

Rumili,  12  m.  S.E.  Viza. 


Serain,  a  river  of  France,  after  a 
N.W.  course  of  75  m.  joins  the  Yonne. 

Seraing,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  8  m.  S.W. 
Liege.    P.  3,460. 

Serampore,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  14  miles  N.  Calcutta.  P. 
of  town  &  vicinity  12,537,  mostly  Hin- 
doos. It  extends  for  about  1  mile  along 
the  river,  is  neat,  clean,  built  in  an  Eu- 
ropean style,  &  was  long  the  head  quar- 
ters of  Protestant  missions. 

Seran,  a  vill.  of  N.  Hindostan,  12  m. 
N.E.  Rampoor.  7,280  ft.  above  the  level 
of  the  sea. 

Seran,  a  river  of  France,  joins  the 
Rhone  after  a  S.  course  of  25  m. 

Serangani  Isles,  a  cluster  in  the 
Asiatic  archipelago,  off  the  S.  extremity 
of  Mindanao. 

Seravezza,  a  vill.  of  Tuscany,  7  m. 
S.E.  Carrara,  &  famous  for  its  quarries 
of  the  finest  marble.     P.  2,000. 

Sehawatty,  a  group  in  the  B.  archi- 
pelago, E.  the  island  Timor. 

•Sehbai,  a  town  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid. Bengal,  20  m.  S.W.  Banda. 

Sbrchio,  the  principal  river  of  the 
duchy  of  Lucca,  Italy,  enters  the  Medi- 
terranean after  a  S.W.  course  of  55  m. 

SBRca,  or  Sark,  one  of  the  islands  in 
the  English  channel,  belonging  to  Eng- 
land, 10  m.  N.W.  Jersey.  Area,  1,400 
ac.     P.  785. 

Serdobol,  a  town  of  Finland,  90  miles 
N.E.  Wiborg.     P.  1,200. 

Serdobsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  107  m. 
N.W.  Saratov.     P.  3,500. 

Sered,  a  river  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia,  in  its  E.  part,  joins  the  Dniester. 
Total  course  120  m. 

Seregellges,  a  vill.  of  W.  Hungary. 
P.  2,357. 

Sebeie.  or  Serrey,  a  town  of  Poland, 
37  m.  N.  Grodno.     P.  2,460. 

SfiREiLHAc,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Vienne,  9  m.  S.W.  Limoges.  P. 
2,002. 

Serendib,  an  old  name  of  Ceylon. 

Serenhem,  or  Formosa,  a  small  town 
of  Brazil,  50  m.  S.S.W.  Pernambuco.  P. 
1,200. 

Seees,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Macedonia,  47  miles  N.E.  Salonica.  P. 
30,000.(7) 

Seebth,  a  river  of  Bukovina  &  Mol- 
davia, joins  the  Danube.  Total  course 
nearly  270  m. 

Sereth,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Bukovina,  24  m.  S.S.E.  Czemovitz.  P. 
4,000. 

Sergatsh,  a  town  of  Russia,  85  miles 
S.E.  Nijnii-Novgorod,  cap.  circ.   P.  3,000. 


ser] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


"709 


Sekgievsk,  a  town  of  Eussia,  on  the 
Sok.    P.  1,000. 

Seegines,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Yonne,  10  m.  N.  Sens.  P. 
1,371. 

Serginskoi,  two  contig.  mkt.  towns  of 
Eussia,  on  the  Serga.     United  p.  2,900. 

Seegipe,  a  small  marit.  prov.  of  Bra- 
zil, having  E.  the  Atlantic.  Area  esti- 
mated at  18,150  sq.  m.  P.  167,397,  cap. 
Sao  Christovao. 

Sehignac,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn-et-Garonne.  P.  1,238. —  Serig- 
nan  is  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town,  dep.  He- 
rault.    P.  2,093. 

Serik,  a  small  marit.  town  of  Persia, 
45  m.  N.W.  Jask. 

Sehinaguh,  the  cap.  city  of  Cashmere, 
India,  near  the  centre  of  that  valley,  ex- 
tending for  4  m.  along  both  banks  of  the 
Jhylum,  &  is  here  crossed  by  7  bridges, 
about  5,500  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea,  173  m.  N.  Lahore.  P.  40,000.  It  is 
ill  built,  badly  laid  out,  &  partly  in 
ruins ;  but  its  great  mosque,  with  nu- 
merous  pillars  of  deodar  timber,   is  a 

large  &  fine  edifice. II.  a  town  of  N. 

Hindostan,  &  the  anc.  cap.  of  Grurhwal, 
38  m.  E.N.E.  Hurdwar. 

Seringapatam,  a  celebrated  fortress 
of  S.  India,  &  under  Hyder  Ali  &  Tippoo 
Saib,  the  cap.  of  Mysore,  at  the  W. 
angle  of  an  island  in  the  Cavery,  here 
crossed  by  a  granite  bridge,  9  miles  N.E. 
Mysore.  Seringapatam  was  besieged  by 
the  English  in  1791,  &  again  in  1792, 
when  Tippoo  purchased  a  peace  by  ced- 
ing half  his  dominions  &  paying  330  lacs 
of  rupees  to  the  British  &  their  allies. 
It  was  again  besieged  in  -1799,  &  taken 
by  storm  on  the  4th  May,  on  which  oc- 
casion Tippoo  was  killed,  &  the  dynasty 
of  Hyder  terminated. 

Seeingham,  an  island  of  British  In- 
dia, presid.  Madras,  2  miles  N.  Triehi- 
nopoly. 

Serino,  a  town  of  Naples,  6  m.  S.S.E. 
Avellino.     P.  6,000. 

Serio,  a  riv.  of  N.  Italy,  Lombardy, 
after  a  S.  course  of  65  miles  joins  the 
Adda. 

Serle  Island,  Pacific  ocean,  is  a  low 
coral  island,  Lower  archipelago.  L.  7 
m.;  av.  br.  H  m.     P.  100. 

Sermaj,  a  vill.  of  Persian  Kurdistan. 

Sermide,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy,  on 
the  Po,  9  m.  E.S.B.  Revere.     P.  5,000. 

Sermin,  a  town  of  N.  Syria.  20  miles 
S.AV.  Aleppo.        _  i 

Sermione,  a  vill.  of  Lombardy,  on  a  I 
peninsula  in  the  S.  part  of  Lake  Garda.    ! 

Sernin   (St.),    a  comm.  &  town  of  ] 


France,  dep.  Aveyron,  15  m.  W.S.W.  St. 
Affrique.     P.  2,399. 

Seeon,  a  town  of  Spain,  28  miles  N. 
Almeria.     P.  5,619. 

Seronge,  a  town  of  Central  India, 
142  m.  S.  Gwalior. 

Seroor,  military  station  of  British 
India,  presid.  Bombay,  44  m.  N.E.  Poo- 
nah. 

Serowitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  25  m. 
E.S.E.  Tabor,  with  1,612  inhabs. 

Serpa,  a  town  of  Portugal,  on  a  height 
near  1.  b.  of  the  Guadiana,  17  m.  E.S.E. 
Beja.     P.  4,000. 

Seepeisk,  a  town  of  Russia,  53  miles 
W.S.W.  Kaluga,  with  1,000  inhabs. 

Serpent-Island,  British  W.  Indies, 
Virgin  isls. — Serpentaria  is  an  islet  in 
the  Mediterranean;  &  the  isle  of  Ser- 
pents in  the  Black  sea,  opposite  the 
mouth  of  the  Danube. 

Serpho,  an  isl.  of  the  Grecian  archi- 
pelago, gov.  &  24  m.  W.  Syra.  P.  600. 
The  vill.  Serpho,  is  on  its  S.E.  side. — 
Serpho  Fulo  is  an  islet,  6  m.  N.W.  Ser- 
pho. 

Serpuchov,  a  town  of  Russia,  56  m. 
S.S.W.  Moscow.    P.  13,000. 

Serea,   two   towns    of   Naples. 1. 

(Capriola),  13  m.  N.W.  San  Severe.     P. 

3,000. II.  {di  Santo  Stefano),  19  m. 

S.S.W.  SquiUace.     P.  3,400. III.  (di 

Falcn),  a  town  of  Sicily,  19  m.  N.E.  Gir- 
genti.     P.  4,600.  , 

Sereamanna,  a  vill.  of  Sardinia,  18 
m.  N.N.W.  Cagliari.     P.  of  comm.  2,327. 

Sereana,  &  Sereanilla,  are  islets  in 
the  Caribbean  sea. 

Serrastretta,  a  market  town  of  Na- 
ples, 5  m.  N.N.E.  Nicastro.  P.  3,600.— 
Serraval  is  a  vill.  of  Savoy,  5  m.  S.  Tho- 
nex.     P.  of  comm.  1,732. 

Serravalle,  several  towns  of  Italy. 

1,  gov.  Venice,  23  miles  N.  Treviso. 

P.  5,350. II.  Sardinian  dom.,  22  miles 

N.N.W.  Genoa.     P.  of  comm.  2,234. 

III.  Tuscany,  prov.  Florence,  4  m.  S.W. 

Pistoja. IV.  {di  Sesia),  Piedmont,  2J 

m.  S.S.E.  Borgo  Sesia.     P.  1,023. 

Serre,  a  river  of  France,  after  a  W. 
course  of  50  m.  joins  the  Gise. — Serre  & 
Serres  are  immerous  comms.  of  France  ; 
the  principal  in  dep.  H.  Alps,  arrond.  & 
21  m.  S.W.  Gap,  on  the  Buech.    P.  1,088. 

Serrenagur,  a  town  of  Brit.  India, 
25  m.  S.W.  Jubbalpoor. 

Serrieees, numerous  comms.of  Prance; 
the  principal,  dep.  Ardeohe,  on  the  Rhone, 

36  m.  S.  Lyon.     P.  2,028. II.  a  vill. 

of -Savoy,  near  the  Rhone,  3  m.  S.  Seys- 
sel.     P.  of  comm.  1,118. 

Sert,   a  town  of  Turkish  Armenia, 


710 


CYCLOPEDIA  OF  GEOGRAPHY. 


[SEV 


pash.  &  90  m.  E.  Diarbekir.  It  is  en- 
closed by  a  bastioned  stone  wall,  &  com- 
prises 1,000  stone  houses. 

Servan  (St.),  a  comm.  &  seaport  of 
Prance,  dep.  Ille-et-Vilaine,  on  r.  b.  of 
the  Ranee,  close  to  its  mouth  in  the  Eng- 
lish channel.  P-  7,564.  It  haa  two  har- 
bors, one  adapted  for  frigates,  the  other 
appropriated  to  commerce. — Servance  is 
a  comm.  &  mkt.  town,  dep.  H.  Saune,  on 
the  Oignon,  near  the  foot  of  the  Ballon 
d' Alsace,  12  m.  N.E.  Lure.     P.  2,731. 

Servi,  one  of  the  Ionian  islands  off  the 
S.  coast  of  the  Morea,  4  m.  long. 

Seevia,  the  most  W.  of  the  Danubian 
princip.,  nominally  included  in  the  Tur- 
kish dom.,  having  N.  the  Danube  sepa- 
rating it  from  Hungary,  E.  Wallachia  & 
Bulgaria,  S.  Macedonia,  &  W.  Bosnia  & 
Albania.  Area,  12,600  sq.  miles,  &  p. 
900,000  of  Slavonic  descent,  &  mostly 
Christians  of  the  Greek  church. 

Servia,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Macedonia,  17  miles  N.W.  Mount  Olym- 
pus. 

Servian  &  Servieees,  two  comms.  & 

small  towns  of  France. 1,  dep.  Herault, 

8  m.  N.E.  Beziers.    P.  1,933. II.  dep. 

Correze,  15  m.  S.E.  Tulle.     P.  1,394. 

Servoz,  a  vill.  of  Savoy,  6  m.  W.  Cha- 
mouni. 

Sesia,  a  river  of  N.  Italy,  Piedmont, 
after  a  S.  course  of  86  m.,  joins  the  Po. 

Seskah,  an  island  of  Russia  in  the 
gulf  of  Finland,  where  ships  from  the 
Mediterranean  perform  quarantine. 

Sessa,  an  episcopal  city  of  Naples,  17 
m.  N.W.  Capua.     P._  4,200. 

Sesto,    several   vills.   of  Italy. 1. 

Tuscany,  5  m.  N.W.  Florence.     P.  2,000. 

II.  Lombardy,  6  m.  N.W.  Cremona. 

P.  1,400. III.  Sardinia,  6  m.  N.  Cag- 

liari. .  P.  1,181. IV.  (Calende),  Lom- 
bardy, 33  m.  N.W.  Milan.    P.  2,120. • 

V.  (San  Giovanni),  5  m.  N.N.E.  Milan. 
— Sestino  is  a  vill.  of  Tuscany,  E.  the 
Apennines,  18  m.  W.  Urbino. 

Sestrabek,  a  vill.  of  Russia,  17  miles 
N.W.  St.  Petersburg. 

Sestre,  a  river  of  Guinea,  Grain  coast, 
enters  the  Atlantic. —  Great  (f-  Little  Ses- 
tre (or  Sisters),  are  contiguous  vills.  on 
the  coast,  40  m-  N.W.  Cape  Palmas. 

Sestri,  two  marit.  towns  of  N.  Italy, 

Sard. 1,  (a  Levante),  25  miles  E.S.B. 

Genoa,   on  the   gulf  of  Genoa.      P.  of 

comm.  7,277. II.  (a  Ponente),  4  m. 

W.  Genoa.     P.  4,346. 

Se-Tang,  a  river  of  Burmah,  which 
after  a  S.  course  estjm.  at  260  m.,  joins 
the  gulf  of  Martaban  by  an  estuary  50 
m.  in  width. 


Setenil  de  las  Bodegas,  a  town  of 
Spain,  72  m.  N.E.  Cadiz.     P.  1,871. 

Setif,  a  t.  of  Algeria,  79  m.  W.S.W. 
Constantine.     P.  265. 

Setonda,  an  islet  of  the  Asiatic  archi- 
pelago. 

Settimo,  several  vills.  of  N.  Italy,  &c. 

1,  isl.  Sardinia,  7  m.  N.E.  Cagliari. 

P.    of  comm.    1,250. II.    {Torinese), 

Piedmont,  6  m.  N.N.E.  Turin.     P.  3,115. 

III.  (  Viitone),  div.  Turin.    P.  1,651. 

— Settingiano  is  a  mk't.  town  of  Naples, 
4  m.  W.  Catanzaro. 

Settle,  a  mkt.  town  of  England,  co. 
York,  W.  Riding,  on  the  Ribble,  37  miles 
W.N.W.  Leeds.     P.  2,041. 

Setubal,  or  St.  Ubes,  a  seaport  city 
of  Portugal,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  bay  of 
Setubal,  18  m.  S.E.  Lisbon.  P.  15,000. 
It  extends  more  than  half  a  mile  along 
the  beach,  &  is  enclosed  by  walls,  &  has 
broad  quays,  a  convenient  harbor,  &  an 
excellent  trade  in  muscadel  &  white  wines 
of  the  vicinity,  cork  bark,  oranges,  lem- 
ons, &  salt. 

Seudre  &  Sexjgne,  two  riv.  of  France, 

dep.  Charente  Inf. 1,  enters  the  sea 

opposite  the  island  Oleron,  after  a  N.W. 

course  of  40  m. II.  joins  the  Charente 

after  a  N.  course  of  40  m. 

Seundah,  a  town  of  N.  Hindostan,  40 
m.  S.E.  Gwalior. 

Seuny,  a  town  of  British  India,  presid. 
Bengal. 

Seurdah,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  pre- 
sid. Bengal. 

Seurre,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Cote-d'-Or,  on  1.  b.  of  the  SaOne,  13 
m.  B.S.E.  Beaune.     P.  3,067. 

Sevastopol,  an  important  fortified 
seaport  town  &  arsenal  of  S.  Russia,  in 
the  Crimea,  37  m.  S.W.  Simferopol.  P. 
30,000.  Its  harbor  is  excellent,  &  fit  for 
the  largest  fleet.  It  is  the  station  for 
the  Russian  fleet  in  the  Black  sea,  &  no. 
merchant  vessels  are  admitted. 

Sevellan,  the  principal  summit  in 
the  E.  part  of  Azerbiian,  N.  Persia.  Es- 
timated height,  13,000  ft. 

Seveneecken,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  9  m. 
N.E.  Ghent.     P.  of  comm.  2,500. 

Seven  Islands,  a  cluster  in  the  Asi- 
atic   archipelago,  near  the  E.  coast   of 

Banca. II.  a  group  in  the  gulf  of  St. 

Lawrence,  Lower  Can.ada. 

Sevenoaks,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  Kent.     P.  5,061. 

Sever  (St.),  a  comm.  &  t.  of  France, 
dep.  Landes,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Adour,  11m. 

S.S.W.  Mont-de-Marsan.     P.  2,187. 

II.  a  comm.  &  town,  dep.  Calvados,  7  m. 
AV.  Vire.     P.  1,658. 


sew] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


Ill 


Seveeac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 

dep.  Aveyron.    P.  1,093. II.  a  comm., 

dep.  Loire  Inf.    P.  1,122. 

Severek,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
42  m.  N.E.  Diarbekir. 

Seveein  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
Prance,  dep.  Charente.  P.  1,302. — Santa 
Severina  is  a  town  of  Naples,  13  miles 
"W.N.W.  Cotrone.     P.  1,200. 

Severn,  one  of  the  principal  rivers  of 
England  &  Wales,  rises  in  Montgomery- 
shire, in  a  small  lake,  &  enters  Bristol 
channel  12  miles  S.W.  Bristol.  Total  1. 
210  m.  It  traverses  a  very  fertile  coun- 
try, &  is  navig.  from  the  sea  to  Welsh- 
pool, a  distance  of  nearly  180  m.  At  its 
junction  with  the  British  channel,  the 
Severn  is  10  m.  across,  &  drains  about 
6,000  sq.  m. 

Severn,  several  riv.  of  British  Amer- 
ica.  1.  Upper  Canada,  discharges  the 

surplus  waters  of  Lake  Simcoe.  Course 
about  20  m.     It  has  several  rapids  & 

falls. II.  N.W.  territ.  floWs  through 

Severn  lake,  &  enters  Hudson  bay.  L. 
350  m. III.  Maryland,  enters  Chesa- 
peake bay  near  Annapolis.  The  Severn 
is  a  name  of  the  Dumaresque  river,  E. 
Australia. 

Severndhoog,  a  small  isl.  fortress, 
British  India,  off  the  Malabar  coast. 

Severo-Vostotchnoi,  the  most  N. 
point  of  Asia.,  Siberia. 

Sevier,  an  B.  co.  Tenn.  Area,  500  sq. 
miles.  P.  6,820. — Sevierville,  the  cap., 
is  between  the  E.  &  W.  forks  of  Little 

Pigeon   river. II.   a   S.W.   co.  Ark. 

Area,  2,500  sq.  m.  Cap.  Paraclifta.  P. 
3,453. 

Sevignac,    two   comms.    &   vills.    of 

France. 1,   dep.  COtes-du-Nord.      P. 

2,743. II.  dep.  B.  Pyrenees.     P.  924. 

Sevilla,  a  famous  city  oi  Spain,  &  its 
cap^  during  a  part  of  the  Gothic  dynasty, 
cap.  prov.,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Guadalquivir, 
here  crossed  by  a  bridge  of  boats,  com- 
municating with  its  suburb  Triana,  60  m. 
N.N.B.  Cadiz-.  Lat.  (La  Giralda)  37° 
22'  44"  N.,  Ion.  6°  0'  59"  ^Y.  P.  84,927. 
It  is  surrounded  by  Moorish  walls  about 

5  m.  in  circuit,  having  numerous  gates  & 
towers  ;  its  interior  has  almost  wholly  an 
oriental  appearance.  The  cathedral,  a 
structure  of  the  14th  &  15th  centuries, 
occupies  the  site  of  a.  mosque,  &  is  the 
largest  &  finest  church  in  Spain.  It  is 
400  feet  in  length  by  263  feet  in  breadth, 

6  has  a  famous  square  tower — ^the  Gi- 
ralda, 337  ft.  in  height,  &  surmounted  by 
a  colossal  bronze  statue  of  Faith.  The 
Alcazar,  a  royal  palace  &  gardens  con- 
structed in  imitation  of  the  AUvambra  at 


Granada,  contains  the  "court  of  Lions," 
perhaps  the  best  piece  of  Arabic  architec- 
ture in  Spain.  Before  the  Freneh  revo- 
lutionary invasion,  Sevilla  is  reported  to 
have  contained  140  pa.  churches,  besides 
numerous  convents,  most  of  which  are 
now  converted  to  other  purposes,  since, 
in  1845  it  had  only  31  churches.  Other 
principal  buildings,  are  29  monasteries, 
35  convents,  11  hospitals,  the  city-hall, 
barracks,  prisons,  theatres,  the  cannon- 
foundry,  arsenal,  &  in  the  centre  of  the 
city  the  plaza  de  toros,  or  bull-ring,  en- 
closed by  edifices  of  Moorish  architecture, 
&  capable  of  containing  14,000  spectators. 
The  Torre  d'  Oro  is  an  octagon  tower, 
probably  of  Koman  construction  ;  a  Ko- 
man  aqueduct  still  conveys  water  to  the 
city  from  Alcala ;  &  here  are  other  re- 
mains of  classic  antiquity.  The  Guadal- 
quivir is  navig.  up  to  the  city  for  vessels 
of  100  tons  burden  ;  ships  drawing  more 
than  10  feet  water  load  &  unload  8  miles 
below  the  city.  Chief  imports  are  man- 
ufactured goods  from  England.  The 
Goths  removed  their  capital  from  Sevilla 
to  Toledo  in  the  6th  century.  The  city 
was  taken  by  the  Moors  in  711,  &  by 
Frederick  II.  in  1247,  after  which,  until 
the  time  of  Philip  V.,  it  was  the  chief 
residence  of  the  Spanish  monarchs.  The 
French  took  it  in  1810  &  1823. 

Sevre  Nantaise,  a  river  of  France, 
enters  the  Loire  on  1.  opposite  Nantes.  L. 
70  m. — Sevre  Niertaise,  enters  the  At- 
lantic.    L.  65  m. 

Sevres,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
Seine-et-Oise,  4  m.  E.N.E.  Versailles.  P. 
4,891. 

Sevres  (Deux),  dep.  of  France,  in  the 
W.,  formed  of  part  of  the  old  prov.  Poi- 
tou.  Area,  2,267  sq.  miles.  P.  323,615. 
The  surface  is  divided  by  a  plateau  into 
two  parts  :  1,  a  mountainous  rocky  re- 
gion ;  &  2,  the  plain  in  the  S.W. 

Sevri  Hissah,  two  towns  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  Anatolia,  one  66  m.  E.N.E.  Ku- 
taiah;  the  other,  22  m.  S.W.  Srnyrna. 

Sevri  Hissar,  a  vill.  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia,  73  m.  S.W.  Angora. 

Sew  AN,  a  town  of  British  India,  presid. 


Seward,  t.,   Schoharie  co.  N.  Y.    P 
2,213. 

Sewdah,  a  town  of  British  India,  20 
m.  N.E.  Nusserabad. 

Sewestan,  a  prov.  of  S.E.  AflFghan- 
istan. 

Sewickly,  a  township,  Pa.,  co.  West- 
moreland.    P.  1,573. 

i*  Sewry  Narrain,  a  town  of  India,  3 
m.  S.E.  Euttunpoor. 


112 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHV. 


[SHA 


Seybo,  a  towa  of  Hayti,  on  a  small 
river,  55  miles  N.E.  San  Domingo.  P. 
5,000.(7) 

Seybusch,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia.     P.  2,952. 

Seychelles,  a  group  of  islands  in  the 
Indian  ocean,  a  dependency  of  the  Brit- 
ish gov^.  of  the  Mauritius.  They  consist 
of  30  small  isls.,  in  4  groups.  P.  7,000. 
— Mahe,  the  largest  island,  is  16  miles 
long,  &  4  m.  broad  ;  it  is  mntnous.,  but 
fertile.  Chief  town.  Port  Victoria,  on  the 
E.  coast,  with  a  garrison  of  100  men. 

Seyda,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
54  m.  N.E.  Merseburg.     P.  1,450. 

Seyer  Isles,  a  cluster  lying  oflF  W. 
coast  of  the  Malay  peninsula. 

Seyeroe,  an  island  of  Denmark,  7  m. 
N.W.  Seeland.     L.  7  m.,  br.  1  m. 

Seyne,   two  comms.   &   towns  of  S.B. 

France. 1,   dep.  B.    Alpes,  20  miles 

N.N.E.    Digne.      P.    1,184. II.    dep. 

Var,  3  m.  S.W.  Toulon.  P.  4,582.  It 
has  a  harbor  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  the 
gulf  of  Toulon. 

Seyha,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan,  on  the 
gulf  of  Ciitch. — Seyrah  is  a  town,  presid. 
Bombay. 

Seyssel,  a  comm.  &  frontier  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ain,  21  m.  S.W.  G-eneva. 
P.  1,336. — Seyssuel  is  a  comm.  &  vill., 
dep.  Isere.     P.  1,479. 

Seysuna,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan,  24 
m.  S.  Kotah. 

Seyyid-el-Gthazi,  a  town  of  Asia- 
Minor,  Anatolia.  It  comprises  about  600 
houses. 

Sezanne,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Marne,  25  m.  S.W.  Epemay.  P. 
4,453. 

Sezemecz,  a  mkt.  town  of  Bohemia, 
10  m.  N.  Chrudim.     P.  1,532. 

Sezze,  a  town  of  S.  Italy,  Pontif  sta., 

20  m.  S.E.  Velletri.     P.  8,650. II.  a 

comm.  &  market  town  of  N.  Italy,  Pied- 
mont, 10  m.  S.  Alessandria.     P.  2,585. 

Sfax,  a  seaport  town  of  Tunis  dom., 
on  the  gulf  of  Cabes,  70  miles  ll.N.E. 
Cabes. 

Shabatz,  a  town  of  Servia,  on  the  Save, 
44  m.  W.  Belgrade. 

Shadadpoor,  a  town  of  Scinde,  23  m. 
N.W.  Larkhana. — Shadehur  is  a  viU.  of 
BeloocMstan. 

Shade,  mts.,  Pa.,  40  m.  long. II. 

t.,  Somerset  CO.  Pa.     P.  1,052. 

Shadrinsk,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Iset.     P.  3,400. 

Shaduan,  an  island  of  the  Red  sea. 
L.  7  m.,  br.  4  m. 

Shaftesbury,  a  town  of  England,  co.j 
Dorset,  on  the  border  of  Wiltshire,  25  m.  | 


N.N.E.   Dorchester.     P.  13,028. II. 

t.,  Bennington  co.  Vt.     P.  1,896. 

Shahabad,  a  dist.  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  having  N.  the  Ganges. 
Area,  4,087  sq.  m.  P.  919,900.  Prin- 
cipal towns,  Arrah,  Buxar,  Rotasgur,  & 

Sasseram. II.  a  town,  dom.  Oude,  80 

m.    N.W.    Lucknow. III.    a    town, 

presid.  Bengal,  105  m.  N.W.  Delhi. 

Shahbad,  a  town  of  Cashmere,  14  ni. 
S.E.  Islamabad. 

Shah-Bandeb.  a  small  town  of  Persia, 
prov.   Kirman,   on    the    river  of  Miriab. 

II.  a  vill.  of  Scinde,  in  the  delta  of 

the  Indus. 

Shahderah,  a  town,  British  India,  op- 
posite Delhi. 

Shahey,  a  rocky  peninsula  of  Persia, 
prov.  Azerbijan,  35  m.  S.W.  Tabriz.  It 
is  about  40  m.  in  circ. 

Shahjehanpooh,  a  dist.  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.    Bengal,    having    N.E.    Nepaul. 

Area,  1,420  sq.  m.      P.  668,749. II. 

the  cap.  town  of  this  dist.,  on  an  affl.  of 

the  Ganges,   43  m.  S.S.E.  Bareily. 

III.  a  town,  Punjab. IV.  a  town  of 

Central  India,  35  m.  N.E.  Oojein. 

Shahlimar,  a  fine  summer  palace  & 
gardens,  in  the  Punjab,  3  m.  E.  Lahore. 
■ — The  Shahlimar  gardens,  celebrated  by 
Moore  in  "  Lalla  Rookb,"  are  in  Cash- 
mere, bordering  a  lake  immediately  E. 
the  city  of  Serinagur. 

Shahnoor,  a  decayed  town  of  British 
India,  presid.  Bombay. 

Shahpoor,  a  small  riv.  of  Persia,  after 
a  course  of  about  60  m.,  joins  the  Kuran 

(Karun),   50  miles. II.  a  small  town 

of  Beloochistan,  52  m.  N.  Shikarpoor. 
Shah-rud,  a  river  of  Persia,  joins  the 

Kizil  Ouzan,  40  m.  S.S.W.  Reshd. II. 

a  walled  town,  45  m.  S.B.  Astrabad. 

Shahzadabad,  a  town  of  Brit.  India, 
34  m.  N.W.  Allahabad. — Shahzadpoor  is 
a  town  of  Oude. 

-  Shaihghur,  a  town  of  British  India, 
20  m.  N.  Bareiljr. 

Shaiya,  a  marit.  town  of  Siam,  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  gulf  of  Siam.  It  exports 
large  quantities  of  rice. — Shakapore  is  a 
town  of  Scinde,  30  m.  E.S.E.  Tattah. 

Shalebsville,  p-t..  Portage  co.  0. 
P.  1,281. 

Shamaka,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
69  m.  W.N.AV.  Baku.— OW  Shamaka  is 
a  vill.,  15  m.  N.E.-ward.  It  was  ruined 
in  1734  by  Nadir  Shah,  but  having  been 
made  cap.  of  Shirvan  in  1841,  it  is  now 
thriving,  &  is  celebrated  for  its  silks.  P. 
18,500. 

Shamlee,  a  town  of  Brit,  India,  presid. 
Bengal,  53  m.  N.  Delhi. 


she] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


713 


Shamokin,  a  tnshp.,  Penn.,  70  m.  N. 
Harrisburg.  .  P.  1,983. 

Shamshadil,  a  prov.  of  Asiat.  Russia, 
Transcaucasia,  S.  the  Kur. 

Shandaken,  p-t.,  Ulster  co.  N.Y.  P. 
2,307. 

Shang-hae,  a  seaport  city  of  China,  & 
one  of  the  five  now  open  for  European 
commerce,  prov.  Kiang-su,  on  the  Woo- 
sung  river,  14  miles  from  the  sea,  &  160 
miles  E.S.E.  Nankin.  P.  120,000.  Its 
coasting  trade  is  also  very  extensive,  & 
3,000  junks  are  often  crowded  together 
in  its  river.  It  has  a  mint,  &  flourishing 
manufs.  of  flowered  silks  of  a  peculiar 
kind,  &  of  iron  wares,  glass,  paper,  & 
wares  in  ivory,  bone,  gold,  &  silver.  It 
is  an  important  entrepot  of  the  commerce 
between  the  N.  &  S.  provs.  of  China. 

Shannon,  the  principal  river  of  Ire- 
land, through  the  centre  &W.  of  which  it 
flows.  It  rises  in  a  pond  called  the  Shan- 
non Pot,  close  to  the  base  of  Cuilcagh 
mntn.,  &  joins  the  Atlantic  by  an  estu- 
ary, 10  m.  in  width  at  its  entrance  im- 
mediately N.  Tralee  bay.  Total  course, 
224  m.,  for  nearly  all  of  which  it  is  navi- 
gable. It  is  tidal  for  the  last  third  of  its 
course,  &  may  be  ascended  by  vessels  of 
400  tons  to  Limerick. — —U.  a  S.  co.  Mo. 
Area,  2,400  sq.  m.  Cap.  Shannon  c.h. 
P.  1,199. 

Shan-si,  a  prov.  of  China,  having  N. 
Mongolia.  Estim.  area,  55,268  sq.  m. 
P.  14,004,210. 

Shan-tung,  a  marit.  prov.  of  China, 
havin'g  E.  the  Yellow  sea&  gulf  of  Chi- 
li, which  it  separates  by  a  large  penin- 
sula. Estim.  area,  65,104  sq.  m.  P. 
28,958,764. 

Shaoor,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Madras. 

Shapinshay,  one  of  the  Orkney  isls., 
Scotland. 
.    Shapleigh,  t.,  York  co.  Me.    P.  1,510. 

Shapoorah,  a  town  of  N.W.  Hindos- 
tan,  Odeypoor  dom. 

Sharabad,  a  considerable  town  of  Hin- 
dostan,  70  m.  N.W.  Lucknow. — Sharaha- 
bad  is  a  town  of  Cashmere. 

Shahapan,  a  town  of  Russian  Trans- 
caucasia, on  the  Phasis,  30  ra.  E.  Kutais. 

Sharon,  town,  Windsor  co.  Vt. II. 

t.,  Norfolk  CO.  Mass.     P.  1,076. III. 

t.,  Litchfield  co.  Ct.      P.   2,507. IV. 

p-t. ,  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y.    P.  2,632. V. 

t.,  Medina  co.  0.     P.  1,315. 

Sharples,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
Lancaster.     P.  2,880. 

Shahy,  a  river  of  Cent.  Africa,  after 
a  N.  course  of  uncertain  length,  enters 
Lake  Tchad. 


Shat-ul-Arab,  a  river  of  W.  Asia, 
formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Euphrates 
&  Tigris,  enters  the  Persian  gulf,  after  a 
S.E.  course  of  120  m. 

Shatzk,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Tam- 
bov, 38  m.  N.  Morshansk.     P.  6,000. 

Shavli,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  50 
m.  S.S.W.  Mitau. 

Shawangunk,  a  township,  Ulster  co. 
New  York,  24  m.W.  Kingston.  P.  4,036. 
Nine  mammoth  skeletons  have  been  dug 
up  among  the  Shawangunk  mountains,  & 
one  is  in  Peale's  museum,  Philadelphia. 
Mountain  of  same  name  in  Sullivan  co. 
N.  Y.,  &  cr.  of  same  name  in  Orange  eo. 
N.  Y. 

Shawguh,  a  town  of  India,  Nizam's 
dom.,  on  the  Godavery. 

SnAViTL,  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  near 
the  Affghan  frontier,  20  m.  N.W.  the 
Bholan  pass.     P.  2,000. 

Shawnee,  town,  Fountain  co.  la.  P. 
1,439. 

Shaneetown,  p-v.,  Grallatin  co.  III., 
on  the  Ohio  riv.     P.  1,764. 

Shawono,  a  N.  co.  Mich.  Area,  576 
sq.  miles. 

Shayook,  a  considerable  river  of  Cent. 
Asia,  Little  Tibet.     L.  118  m. 

Sheboygan,  r..  Wis.,  enters  Lake  Mi- 
chigan.  II.  E.  CO.  Wis.  Area,  500  sq. 

m.     P.  8,373. 

Sheboyge,  the  cap.  is  at  the  mouth  of 
Sheboyge  r.  , 

Sheelly.  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Madras. 

Sheep-Head  Cape,  Ireland,  Munster. 

Sheep  Islands,  are  a  cluster  of  isls. 
in  Lake  Urumiyah,  N.  Persia 

Sheepscot,  r..  Me.     L.  35  m. 

Sheergotty,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  80  m.  S.W.  Patna. 

Sheerness,  a  seaport  town  &  naval 
arsenal  of  Engl.,  co.  Kent,  on  the  N.W. 
extremity  of  the  isl.  of  Sheppey,  at  the 
confl.  of  the  Medway  with  the  Thames, 
11  m.  E.N.E.  Chatham.  P.  7,983.  The 
dock-yard,  occupying  nearly  60  acres, 
contains  a  wet  dock  of  3i  acres,  in  which 
ships  are  fitted,  several  dry  docks,  exten- 
sive storehouses,  handsome  official  resi- 
dences, Ac.  Sheerness  was  taken  by  the 
Dutch  under  De  Ruyter  in  1667.  The 
mutiny  of  the  Nore  broke  out  here  in  1798. 

Sheffield,  a  celebrated  manufactur- 
ing town,  England,  co.  York,  W.  Riding, 
at  the  confl.  of  the  Don  &  Sheaf  rivs,  6 
m.  S.W.  Rotherham.  P.  103,602.  The  cut- 
lery of  all  kinds  made  here  has  long  been 
famous  as  amongst  the  best  in  the  world. 

Sheffield,  t.,  Berkshire  co,  Mass;  P. 
2,769. 


in 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[she 


Shbpkatil-su,  a  small  river  which  en- 
ters the  Black  sea  on  its  E.  side,  &  forms 
the  boundary  between  the  Russian  & 
Turkish  empires  at  that  point. 

Shehr,  a  marit.  town  of  Arabia,  on  its 
S.E.  coast,  32  miles  E.N.E.  Makallah. 
Estimated  p.  6,000. 

Shehri-Subz,  a  town  of  Central  Asia, 
on  a  river,  40  m.  S.S.W.  Samarcand. 

Shehrizur,  a  town  of  Turkish  Kurdis- 
tan, 160  m.  N.N.E.  Bagdad. 

Sheik's  Islands,  N.E.  Africa,  So- 
mauli  counti'y,  are  in  the  bay  of  Zeyla. 

Sheikhan,  a  vill.  of  Persian  Kurdis- 
tan, 16  m.  N.W.  Zohab. 

Sheikpoor,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  22  miles  S.E.  Bahar. — 
Sheikpoora  is  a  town,  5  m.  S.S.E.  Sehar- 
unpoor. 

Sheipoo,  a  marit.  town  of  China,  40 
m.  S.  Ning-po. 

Shekhoabad,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  35  m.  S.E.  Agra. 

Shekin,  a  prov.  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
Transcaucasia,  having  N.  the  Caucasus. 
Chief  town  Nukha. — Skekineh  is  a  town 
of  Asia-Minor,  pash.  Sivas. 

Shek-pei-wan,  a  marit.  vill.  on  the  S. 
coast  of  Hong-Kong. 

Shelburne,  t.,  Chittenden   co.  Vt.     P. 

1,098. II.  t.,  Coos  CO.  N.  H.    P.  350. 

III.  town,  Franklin  co.  Mass.     P. 

1,022. 

Shelby,  a  cent.  co. Ala.  Area,  950  sq.  m. 

P.  9,536.  Cap.  Columbiana. II.  S.W. 

CO.  Tenn.     Area,  600  sq.  m.     Cap.  Ra- 
leigh.     P.  31,157. III.  N.E.  CO.  Ky. 

Area,  442  sq.  m.     Shelbyville  is  the  cap. 

P.  1,335. IV.   W.  CO.  0.     Area,  418 

sq.  m.     Cap.   Sidney.     P.  13,958. V. 

a  S.E.  CO.  la.     Area,  410  sq.  m.     P.  15,- 
502.     The  cap.  is  Shelbyville,  which  has 

a  V.  on  Blue  riv.     P.  500. VI.  a  S.E. 

CO.  111.     Area,   1,080   sq.  m.     P.  7,807. 
The  cap.  is  Shelbyville,  which  lies  on  the 

Kaskaska. VII.  N.E.«Co.  Mo.     Area, 

432  sq.  m.     P.  4,253.     Shelbyville  the 
cap.  is  a  p-v.,  101  m  N.  Jefferson  city. 

VIII.  p-t.,   Orleans  co.  N.  Y.      P. 

3,082. IX.  p-T.,  ca.p.    Cleveland    co. 

N  C. 

Shelbyville,  p-v.,  cap.  Bedford  co. 
Tenn.    P.  900. 

Sheldon,  t.,  Franklin  co.  Vt.  P.  1,734. 

II.  p-t,  Wyoming  co.  N.   Y.      P. 

2,527.  .    . 

Shelliff,  one  of  the  principal  rivers  of 
Algeria,  rises  in  Mount  Atlas,  &  after  a 
N.  &  N.W.  course  of  250  m.  enters  the 
Mediterranean. 

Shelter  Island,  t.,  Suifolk  co.  N.  Y., 
comprises  an  isl.  6  m.  long  by  4  m.  broad, 


lying  betw.  Great  Peconic  &  Gardener's 
bays.     P.  386. 

Shelton,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
Stafford.     P.  12,115. 

Shembeghewn,  a  town  of  Burmah, 
Further  India,  on  the  Irrawadi,  68  miles 
N.W.  Patanago. — The  Shem-Deo  temple, 
British  India,  is  a  sanctuary,  8  m.  N.E. 
Almorah,  6,760  feet  above  the  sea. 

Shenandoah,  a  river,  Virginia,  joins 
the  Potomac  at  its  passage  through  the 
Blue  mountains,  after  a  N.E.  course  of 
200  m.,  for  100  m.  of  which  it  is  navig. 

II.co.  A¥.  Va.   Area,  475  sq.m.   Cap. 

Woodstock.     P.  13,768. 

Shenango,  t.,  Beaver  co.  Pa.  P.  1,435. 
II.  t.,  Mercer  co.  Pa.     P.  1,354. 

Shendy,  a  decayed  town  of  Nubia,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Nile. 

Shen-si,  a  prov.  of  China,  having  N. 
Mongolia.    P.  10,207,256. 

Shepherdstown,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co. 
Va.     P.  1,200. 

Shepherdsville,  p-v.,  cap.  Bullitt  co. 
Ky.,  on  Salt  river.     P.  300. 

Shepley,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
York,  W.  Riding.     P.  1,088. 

Sheppey,  an  island  of  England,  co. 
Kent,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Thames,  be- 
tween the  estuaries  of  the  Medway  & 
Swale.     L.  9  m. ;  br.  4J  m. 

Shepton-Mallet,  a  market  town  of 
England,  co.  Somerset,  19  m.  S.  Bristol. 
P.  5,265. 

Shepway,  a  lathe  of  the  co.  Kent, 
England,  comprising  S.  part.     P.  26,519. 

Sherborne,  a  market  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Dorset,  on  both  sides  of  the  Ivel, 
18  m.  N.N.W.  Dorchester.     P.  4,758. 

Sherboro,  an  island  off  the  Guinea 
coast,  opposite  the  mouth  of  Sherboro 
river,  40  m.  SS.E.  Sierra  Leone.  L.  30 
m. ;  br.  10  m. — The  Sherboro  river  is 
navigable  for  large  vessels  for  50  miles 
from  its  mouth,  &  those  of  70  or  80  tons 
may  ascend  it  for  230  m.  It  joins  the 
Atlantic  by  an  estuary  20  m.  wide. 

Sherbhooke,  a  town  of  Lower  Canada, 
cap  dist.,  &  on  the  river  St.  Francis,  84 

m.  E.S.E.  Montreal.     P.  1,500. II.  a 

small  town,  Upper  Canada,  dist.  Niaga- 
ra, at  the  mouth  of  the  Ouse,  in  Lake 
Erie. 

Sherburne,  p-t.,  Chenango  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  2,623.     The  vill.  is  on  Chenango  river. 

P.  600. II.  t.,  Middlesex  co.  Mass.   P. 

995. III.  Rutland  co.  Vt.     P.  436. 

Sheridan,  p-t.,  Chautauque  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  2,172. 

Sherm,  numerous  inlets  of  the  E.  coast 
of  the  Red  sea. 

Sherman,  t.,  Fairfield  co.  Conn.    P. 


SHO] 


UNIVERSAL   GAZETTEER. 


^15 


938. II.  p-t.,  Chautauque   co.  N.  Y. 

P.  1,292. 

Sheshequin,  p-t.,  Bradford  co.  Pa. 
P.  1,010. 

Shetland,  or  Zetland  Islands,  an 
archipelago  of  about  30  islands,  in  the  N. 
Atlantic  ocean,  belonging  to  Scotland. 
Area,  5,388  sq.  m.  P.  30,558.  Foula  is 
conjectured  to  be  the  Ultima  T/iule  of  the 
ancients.  They  are  chiefly  of  Norwe- 
gian descent,  &  their  ancestors  are  said 
not  to  have  embraced  Christianity  until 
the  13th  century.  Scandinavian  antiqui- 
ties are  numerous  in  the  islands,  &  on 
Fetlar  are  the  vestiges  of  a  Roman  camp. 

Shettleston,  a  vill.  of  Scotland,  co. 
Lanark.     P.  1,543. 

Shetucket,  river,  Conn.,  a  constituent 
of  the  Thames. 

Shevagunga,  two  towns  of  India. 

I.  Mysore. II.  Brit,  presid.  Madras. 

— Shevagurry,  dist.  Tinnevelly. 

Shevington,  a  township  of  England, 
CO.  Lancaster.     P.  1,122. 

Sbevlipatoor,  a  town  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Madras. 

Shiawassee,  a  central  co.  Mich.  Area, 
541  sq.  m.    Cap.  Corunna,    P.  5,230. 

II.  p-t.,  in  the  above  co. 

Shiel  (Loch),  a  lake  of  the  W.  of 
Scotland.     L.  15  m. ;  br.  1  m. 

Shields  (South),  a  seaport  town  & 
township  of  England,  co.  Durham. 

Shieldsborough,  p-v.,  Hancock  co. 
Miss. 

Shifpnal,  a  market  town,  England, 
CO.  Salop.     P.  5,244. 

Shikarpoor,  the  most  considerable 
town  of  Scinde,  in  a  level  tract,  15  m.  W. 
the  Indus.  Estim.  p.  30,000,  of  whom 
20,000  are  Hindoos.  It  is  enclosed  by  a 
mud  wall,  2^  m.  in  circ,  outside  of  which 
are  large  groves  &  gardens. 

Shin  (Loch)  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co. 
Sutherland. 

Shing-king,  a  maritime  prov.  of  the 
Chinese  empire,  immediately  N.E.China- 
proper,  having  S.  the  Yellow  sea.  Esti- 
mated area,  25,000  miles.  P.  942,043. 
Principal  city,  Moukden. 

Shinnecock,  bay,  Suffolk  co.  L.  I.  10 
m.  long,  &  separated  from  the  ocean  by 
a  narrow  beach. 

Shinhone,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  King's  co.     P.  1,054. 

Ship  Island,  Mississippi,  gulf  of 
Mexico,  is  30  m.  N.  Chandeleur  isls. 

Shipke,  a  large  vill.  of  Little  Tibet, 
on  the  Sutleje. 

Shippensbueg,  p-b.,  Cumberland  co. 
Pa.     P.  1,473. 

Shippingport,  v.,  Jefferson  co.  Ky., 


on  the  Ohio  r.,  2  m.  below  Louisville.    P. 

800. 

Shipston-on-Stour,  a  market  town 
of  England,  30  m.  E.S.B.  "Worcester.  P. 
1,846. 

Shiraz,  a  city  &  formerly  the  cap.  of 
Persia,  cap.  prov.  Pars,  in  a  valley  fa- 
mous for  its  gardens  &  fertility,  4,500  ft. 
abov«  the  sea,  &  115  m.  E.N.E.  Bushire. 
Lat.  29°  36'  N.,  Ion.  52°  44'  E.  P.  40,- 
000.  It  is  enclosed  by  bastioned  walls 
nearly  4  m.  in  circumference,  &  entered 
by  6  gates,  flanked  with  towers.  Until 
recently,  it  had  an  imposing  external 
appearance  ;  but  many  of  its  best  edifices 
were  ruined  by  an  earthquake  in  1824. 
Its  commerce  is  extensive. 

Shirinki,  one  of  the  Kurile  isls.,  S.W. 
Porumushur.  It  is  a  conspicuous  rock, 
25  m.  in  circuit. 

Shirley,  t.,  Middlesex  co.  Mass.    P. 

957. II.  t.,  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.     P. 

1,174. 

Shirvan,  a  prov.  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
Transcaucasia,  having  E.  the  Caspian 
sea.     Principal  town  Shamaka. 

Shisdra,  a  town  of  Russia,  80  m.  S.W. 
Kaluga,  on  the  Shisdra,  an  affluent  of 
the  Oka.     P.  8,000. 

Shishewan,  a  vill.  of  Persia,  on  the 
E.  shore  of  Lake  Urumiyah. 

Shoa,  the  most  S.  of  the  three  princi- 
pal states  of  Abyssinia.  Surface  mostly 
mntnous.  Some  parts  from  8,000  to 
9,000  feet  above  the  sea.  Principal 
towns,  Ankober,  the  cap.,  Angolalla,  <fc 
Tegulet. 

Shoal  (Bay),  B.  Australia,  lat.  29° 
25'  S.,  Ion.  153°  20'  E.- IL  N.  Aus- 
tralia, at  the  S.  extremity  of  Apsley 
strait,  between  Melville  &  Bathurst 
islands. — Shoal-basin  is  a  circular  bay,  a 
little  further  up  Apsley  strait. — (Creek), 
Illinois,  joins  the  Kaskaskia,  40  miles 
S.S.W.  Vandalia,  after  a  rapid  S.  course 
of  60  m. — (Ness),  a  headland  of  Russian 
America. 

Shoalhaven,  a  consid.  river  of  New 
S.  "Wales,  enters  the  Pacific  by  a  large 
mouth  75  m.  S.W.  Sydney. 

Shogre,  a  town  of  N.  Syria,  pash. 
Aleppo,  on  the  Orontes,  25  miles  S.S.E. 
Antioch. 

Shoreditch,  a  quarter  of  the  British 

metropolis,  immediately  N.  the  city  of 

London,  &  included  in  the  bor.  Tower 

Hamlets. 

Shoreham,    t.,    Addison  co.  Vt.      P. 

1,601. II.    (New),    seaport   town  of 

England,  co.  Sussex.  » 

Shorkote,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  be- 
tween the  Chenab  &  Ravee  rivers. 


r- 


716 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[SIA 


Short  Creek,  p-t.,  Harrison  co.  0. 
P.  2,022. 

Showy,  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  on 
1.  b.  of  the  Shary,  23  m.  S.E.  its  mouth 
in  Lake  Tchad. 

Shkeveport,  p-v.,  cap.  Caddo  pa.  La. 
P.  500. 

Sheewsbury,  a  town  of  England,  cap. 
CO.  Salop,  38  m.  S.  Chester.  P.  17,688. 
It  has  a  handsome  external  appearance, 
&  many  good  residences.  The  battle  be- 
tween the  troops  of  Henry  IV.  &  the 
Percies,   &c.,  &    in   which    Hotspur  was 

killed,  was  fought  near  it  in  1403. II. 

t.,  Eutland  co.  Vt.  P.  1,218.— ,S/ireu)s- 
bury  peak  in  this  t.  is  4,100  ft.  above 

tide   water. III.    t.,    Worcester    co. 

Mass.     P.- 1,481. IV.  p-t.,  Monmouth 

CO.  N.  J.     P.  6,000. V.  p-t.,  York  co. 

Pa.     P.  1,328. 

Shropshire,  or  Salop,  an  inland  co. 
of  Engl.,  having  E.  Staffordshire.  Area, 
1,343  sq.  m.  The  Severn  flows  through 
its  centre,  from  N.W.  to  S.E. ;  its  S.  half 
is  mntnous.     P.  245,019. 

Shugshut,  a  town  of  Asia- Minor,  Ana- 
tolia, on  the  Sakaria,  36  m.  S.E.  Isnik. 

Shuhri-Bababeg,  a  town  of  Persia, 
95  m.  W.  Kirman. 

Shujabad,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  in 
its  S.  part,  4  m.  from  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Chenab,  &  25  m.  S.  Mooltan.     P.  10,000. 

Shujanpooe,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  8 
m.  E.  Attock. — Shuj ahwulpoor  is  a  town 
of  India. 

Shumla,  a  fortified  city  of  European 
Turkey,  Bulgaria,  pash.  &  58  m.  S.S.W. 
Silistria.  P.  21,000.  It  stands  in  a 
gorge,  on  the  N.  declivity  of  the  Balkan 
range  ;  &  being  on  the  great  route  from 
Wallachia  to  Constantinople,  it  is  one  of 
the  keys  of  the  Turkish  capital.  On 
three  sides  it  is  enclosed  by  mountains. 
The  Russians  attempted  unsuccessfully 
to  take  it  in  1774,  1810,  &  1828. 

Shuna,  one  of  the  inner  Hebrides 
islands,  Scotland,  co.  Argyle. 

Shupeyon,  a  town  of  Cashmere,  on  the 
Huripoor  or  Dumdum  river.  Close  to 
this  town  was  fought,  in  1819,  the  deci- 
sive battle  by  which  the  Sikhs  won  Cash- 
mere from  the  Affghans. 

Shurukhs,  a  fort  &  Turkman  settle- 
ment of  Central  Asia,  on  the  frontier  be- 
tween Persia  &  Khiva,  90  m.  S.W.  Merv. 

Shttsha,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
Transcaucasia,  70  m.  S.E.  Ganjeh. 

Shushan,  a  ruined  city  of  Persia,  ex- 
tensive remains  of  which  are  reported  to 
exist  on  the  Karun,  50  m.  E.N.E.  Shuster. 

Shushuah,  an  isl.  of  the  Red  sea,  in 
the  gulf  of  Ainune,  Arabia. 


Shuster,  a  city  of  Persia,  on  the 
Karun,  here  crossed  by  a  fine  stone 
bridge  of  9  arches.     Estim.  p  8,000. 

ShutalPass,  across  the  Hindoo  Koosh. 

Shutesbury,  t.,  Franklin  co.  Mass. 

Shuya,  a  town  of  Russia,  cap.  circ,  on 
the  Tesa,  50  miles  N.W.  Viazniki.  P. 
3,000. 

SiAcONSET,  v.,  Nantucket  co.  Mass., 
on  the  S.E.  pari  of  the  isl.  A  pleasant 
summer  resort.     P.  400. 

Siah-Koh  (the  "  Black  Mountain"), 
Afighanistan,  bounds  the  plain  of  Jellal- 
abad  on  the  N. 

SiAK,  a  state  of  Sumatra,  extending 
along  its  N.E.  coast  opposite  Malacca  & 
Singapore,  <fc  with  a  town  of  same  name 
on  the  river, Siak. — The  Siak  river  flows 
N.E.  &  enters  the  strait  of  Malacca. 

SiAM,  a  country  of  S.E,  Asia,  Further 
India,  of  which  it  occupies  the  centre  & 
S.  parts,  nearly  enclosing  the  gulf  of 
Siam  on  the  S.,  &  having  W.  the  Indian 
ocean.  Area  estim.  at  190,000  sq.  m.,  & 
p.  at  3,000,000,  of  whom  about  500,000 
are  Chinese.  The  kingdom  comprises  the 
W.  half  of  Camboja,  &  the  isthmus  con- 
necting the  Malay  peninsula  with  the 
Asiatic  continent.  Climate  is  said  to  bo 
salubrious.  Rice  is  raised  in  great  abun- 
dance, &  is  the  chief  food  of  the  people. 
Public  revenue  has  been  estimated  at 
upwards  of  3,100,000Z.  a  year.  The  first 
intercourse  with  Europeans  took  place  in 
1511,  &  the  first  British  ship  reached 
Bangkok  in  1612.  In  1683,  a  Greek 
named  Phalcon  was  raised  to  the  dignity 
of  foreign  minister  of  Siam,  &  opened  a 
communication  with  France ;  but  the 
French-  were  expelled  from  the  country 
in  1690  ;  since  that  time  the  conquest  of 
a  part  of  Camboja  has  formed  the  chief 
event  of  Siamese  history. — The  gidf  of 
Siam,  between  lat.  7°  &  14°  N.,  &  Ion. 
99°  &  105°  E.,  is  wholly  surrounded  by 
Siam,  except  on  the  S.,  where  it  opens 
into  the  China  sea.  L.  500  m. ;  br.  at 
entrance,  300  m. 

SiAMO,  an  island  in  the  Asiatic  archip., 
between  N.E.  extremity  of  Celebes  & 
Sanghir.     Circ.  about  35  m. 

Si-AN,  or  Si-NGAN,  a  city  of  China,  on 
an  afil.  of  the  Hoei-ho.  It  is  large,  en- 
closed by  strong  walls,  &  the  principal 
military  depot  for  the  N.  provs.  of  China. 

Siang-Yang,  a  city  of  China,  on  the 
Han-kiang. — Siang  is  the  name  of  sev- 
eral Chinese  towns  of  inferior  rank. 

SiANO,  a  town  of  Naples,  10  m.  N.N.W. 
Salerno.     P.  2,500. 

SiAS,  a  riv.  of  Russia,  gov.  St.  Peters- 
burg, enters  Lake  Ladoga.    L.  100  m. 


sid] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


Ill 


Siaugues-St-Romain,  a  comm.  &  vill. 
of  France,  dep.  H.  Loire.     P.  1,968. 

Sib,  a  maritime  town  of  E.  Arabia, 
dom.  22  m.  W.  Muscat,  on  the  Arabian 
sea. — Sibb  is  a  town  of  W.  Beloochistan, 
75  m.  If.E.  Bunpoor. 

Siberia,  or  Asiatic  Eussia,  comprises 
all  the  N.  part  of  Asia,  extending  from 
the  Ural  mntns.,  to  the  Pacific  ocean  & 
Behring  strait,  &  having  S.  the  Chinese, 
empire,  &  independent  Turkestan,  &  N. 
the  Arctic  ocean,  in  which  it  comprises 
the  isls.  of  New  Siberia.  Area  estimated 
at  5,393,250  sq.  m.,  &  p.  at  2,937,066,  of 
whom  about  half  are  Mohammedans  & 
pagans.  The  cold  of  winter  is  extreme, 
from  20°  to  72°  below  zero  of  Fahr., 
while  the  summer  heat  is  excessive. 
Siberia  is,  however,  chiefly  valuable  to 
Russia,  on  account  of  its  minerals. 

Total  produce  of  gold  from  the  Altai  mountains. 
In  18B7     40-2.68  Pounds=:l 7,669  lbs.  Troy;  val.    900,0001. 
Ill  18J5 1,586.55       ditto=69,985     ditto         „  3,416,4271. 
Total  amount  in  ten  years  previous  to  1846,     18,761,3101, 

The  army  of  Siberia  consists  of  16  bat- 
talions of  infantry,  &  a  brigade  of  artil- 
lery. Chief  cities,  Tobolsk  &  Irkutsk, 
respectively  the  W.  &  E.  caps.,  with 
Omsk,  Tomsk,  Krasnoyarsk,  Yakutsk, 
Kiachta,  Semipalatinsk,  &  Petropaulovsk. 
A  line  of  fortified  posts  protects  the  coun- 
try on  the  side  of  Indepen.  Turkistan. 

SiBiDULu,  a  town  of  W.  Africa,  Sen- 
egambia. 

SiBiLLA  (Monte  della),  one  of  the 
chief  summits  of  the  Apennines,  in  Cent. 
Italy,  Pontif.  sta.     Height  7,409  ft. 

SiBNiBAs,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  60  m.  N.N.E.  Calcutta. 

SiBUYAN,  an  isl.of  the  Asiatic  archip., 
Philippines,  40  m.  N.  Penang.  L.  15  m. ; 
br.  10  m. 

SicAsicA,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  Bolivia, 
dep.  &  57  m.  S.  La  Paz. 

SicHEM,   a  town  of  Belgium,   on  the 

Demer,   3  m.  W.  Diest.     P.   1,700. 

II.  a  vill.,  Belgian  Limbourg,  5  m.  S.W. 
Maestricht. 

SiciGNANO,  a  market  town  of  Naples, 
12  m.  S.E.  Campagna.     P.  2,200. 

Sicily,  the  largest  &  finest  isl.  in  the 
Mediterranean,  between  lat.  36°  38'  & 
38°  18'  N.,  &  Ion.  12°  25'  &  15°  40'  E., 
separated  on  the  N.B.  from  S.  Italy  by 
the  strait  of  Messina,  2  miles  broad,  & 
forming  the  Dorainii  al-di-la  di  Faro,  or 
the  territory  "beyond  the  strait"  of  the 
kingdom  of  the  "Two  Sicilies."  Shape 
triangular ;  length  E.  to  W.  185  m. ; 
greatest  breadth  N.  to  S.  along  its  E. 
coast,  120  m.  Area,  10,556  sq.  m.  P. 
2,040,610.     The  Neptunian  or  Madonian 


mntns.  rise  to  several  thousand  feet  in 
height,  &  cover  a  great  part  of  the  sur- 
face with  their  ramifications.  In  some 
parts  are  mntns.  isolated  from  the  rest, 
the  chief  of  which  is  Mount  Etna,  near 
the  E.,  10,872  feet  above  the  sea.  The 
principal  plains  border  the  sea,  &  are 
those  of  Catania  &  Syracuse  in  the  E., 
that  adjoining  Trapani  in  the  W.,  &  those 
of  MUazzo,  &  Terranova.  Rivers  all 
small,  &  unnavigable.  The  chief  lakes 
are  Biviere  or  Lentini,  near  the  E.  coast, 
&  the  pool  of  Enna  in  the  centre  of  the 
isl.  Soil  everywhere  of  high  fertility, 
in  some  places  it  consists  of  a  rich  loam 
from  20  to  30  feet  deep.  Climate  gen- 
erally salubrious,  except  in  some  of  the 
low  lands.  Under  the  Romans,  Sicily 
was  considered  the  granary  of  Italy. 
Silk  is  produced  chiefly  in  the  N.E.  part 
of  the  isl.,  &  woven  at  Catania ;  in  the 
W.  30,000  pipes  of  wine  are  annually 
made,  of  which  from  18,000  to  20,000 
are  exported  by  English  &  other  mer- 
chants at  Marsala.  The  sulphur  beds 
of  Sicily  are  of  the  highest  importance ; 
they  extend  over  the  centre  &  the  S.,  in 
an  area  of  2,700  sq.  m.,  in  which  about 
150  mines  are  wrought.  Messina,  Pa- 
lermo, Trapani,  &  Catania,  are  the  chief 
seats  of  commerce.  In  1832,  there  were 
658  monasteries  in  the  isL  Education  is 
chiefly  in  the  hands  of  the  clergy,  &  is 
said  to  be  better  conducted  than  in  S. 
Italy.  This  island  was,  in  ancient  times, 
the  seat  of  many  flourishing  Greek  col- 
onies, of  which  Syracuse  &  Agrigentum 
were  the  most  famous.  It  fell  succes- 
sively under  the  Carthaginians,  Romans, 
Goths,  Greek  emperors,  Saracens,  Nor- 
mans, French,  Spaniards,  &c.  ;  it  was 
annexed  to  Naples  in  1736.  In  1847, 
1848,  &  1849,  attempts  were  made  by 
the  Sicilians  to  shake  off  the  Neapolitan 
government.  Messina  was  bombarded 
&  taken  by  the  Neapolitan  troops  7th 
September  1848,  &  Catania  6th  April 
1849. 

SicuLiANA,  a  town  of  Sicily,  8  miles 
W.N  W.  Girgenti.     P.  5,300. 

SiCYON,  a  city  of  ancient  Greece,  &  the 
cap.  of  one  of  the  earliest  founded  king- 
doms in  Europe,  9  miles  W.N.W.  Cor- 
inth. 

Side  (or  Eski,)-Adalia,  a  ruined  city 
of  Asia-Minor,  pash.  Itshil,  on  the  Medi- 
terranean, 40  m.  B.  Sataliah. 

SiDER,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  on  the 
Rhone. 

SiDERNO,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov, 
Calab.  Ult.  II.,  3  m.  N.E.  Gerace.  P. 
3,800. 


118 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[sio 


SiDi,  a  prefixed  name  of  several  small 
towns,  &o.,  of  N.  Africa. 

SiDLAW,  or  Seedlaw,  a  mntn.  range 
in  Scotland,  extending  from  Kinnoul 
Hill,  near  Perth,  N.E.  to  near  Forfar. 
The  most  remarkable  summit  is  the  cele- 
brated Dunsinnan,  or  Dunsinane. 

SiDMOUTH,  a  seaport  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Devon,  13  miles  E.S.E.  Exeter.  P. 
3,309. 

Sidney,  t.,  Kennebec  co.  Me.  P.  1,732. 

II.    p-t.,    Delaware    co.  N.  Y.     P. 

1,807. III.  t.,  Shelby  co.  0.    P.  800. 

SiDOUEA.  a  town  of  N.W.  Hindostan, 
25  m.  E.  Umballah. 

SiDOUT,  a  town  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid.  Madras,  12  m.  B.  Cuddapah. — Sid- 
poor  is  a  town  of  the  Guicowar's  dom., 
68  m.  W  Ahmednugger. 

SiDRA  (Gulf  of),  the  princip.  inlet  of 
the  Mediterranean,  on  its  African  side. 

SiEBENBURGEN  ("  the  7  boroughs"), 
the  German  name  of  Transylvania,  so 
named  from  7  towns  colonized  in  the  i2th 
century  by  a  Saxon  race. 

SiEBENGEBiRGE  ("  the  sovcn  mntns."), 
a  collection  of  heights  in  Khenish  Prus- 
sia, 22  m.  S.E.  Cologne. 

SiEBENLEHN,  a  town  of  Saxony,  2  m. 
S.E.  Nossen.     P.  1,486. 

SiEDLEC,  a  town  of  Poland,  55  miles 
E.S.E.  Warsaw.     P.  3,000. 

SiBG,  a  river  of  Rhenish  Prussia  & 
Westphalia,  joins  the  Rhine.     L.  80  m. 

SiEGBERG,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
15  m.  S.E.  Cologne.     P.  1,950. 

SiEGEN,  a  walled  town  of  Pruss.  West- 
phalia.    P.  5,260. 

SiEGHARDs,  a  market  town  of  Lower 
Austria,  28  m.  N.N.W.  Krems.  P.  1,600. 
— Sieghardskirchen  is  a  market  town, 
on  the  Erlau,  17  m.  W.N.W.  Vienna. 

Siena,  a  city  of  Cent.  Italy,  Tuscany, 
cap.  prov.,  on  a  sandstone  hill,  1,260  ft. 
above  the  sea,  between  two  affls.  of  the 
Ombrone,  31  m.  S.E.  Florence.  P.  20,- 
637.  It  is  resorted  to  by  many  English 
families.  The  mountains  in  its  vicinity 
have  rich  marble  quarries.  In  the  middle 
ages  Siena  was  the  cap.  of  a  powerful  re- 
public, &  is  said  to  have  had  100,000  in- 
habs.  Its  prov.,  the  N.  part  of  the  Tuscan 
maremma,  comprises  466  sq.  miles.  P. 
237,283. 

SiENNE,  a  small  river  of  France,  en- 
ters the  English  channel,  after  a  N.W. 
course  of  40  m. 

SiERADz,  a  town  of  Poland,  32  miles 
E.S.E.  Kalice,  on  the  Warta.     P.  3,240. 

SiERCK,  a  comm.  &  walled  town  of 
France,  11  miles  N.E.  Tbionville.  P. 
1,590. 


SiERPE,  a  town  of  Poland,  21  m.  N. 
Plock,  with  1,230  inhabs. 

Sierra  (a  peaked  mountain  ridge),  a 
prefixed  name  of  mntn.  ranges  in  Spain, 
S.  America,  &c. — S.  Acarai,  S.  Amer., 
between  the  equator  &  lat.  2°  N.,  &  Ion. 
57°  &  59°  W.  Bstim.  height  3,000  or 
4,000  feet. — S.  de  Engarceran,  a  town 
of  Spain,  17  m.  N.  Castellon  de  la  Plana. 
— S.  de  Grados,  a  mntn.  range  of  Spain, 
'&  rising  to  10,552  feet. — The  Sierra  de 
Guadalupe,  New  Castile,  S.  Toledo,  at- 
tains the  height  of  5,110  feet. — S.  de  la 
Vinda,  the  W.  Cordillera  of  the  Andes, 
Peru,  between  Lima  &  the  table-land  of 
Pasco.  It  is  crossed  by  two  passes,  up- 
wards of  15,000  ft.  above  the  ocean. — S. 
Tejada,  prov.  &  28  miles  N.E.  Malaga. 
Height  above  the  sea,  7,677  ft. 

Sierra  Leone,  a  colonial  settlement 
of  W.  Africa,  belonging  to  Great  Britain, 
&  consisting  of  a  peninsula,  18  miles  in 
length,  by  12  m.  in  breadth,  on  the  coast 
of  Senegambia.  Lat.  of  Cape  Sierra 
Leone  8°  30'  N.,  Ion.  13°  18'  W.  It  con- 
sists of  a  tract  of  territory  along  the  Sier- 
ra Leone  riv.,  having  an  area  of  about 
300  sq.  m.  P.  60,000,  of  whom  50,000 
were  supposed  to  be  liberated  Africans. 
— Sierra  Leone  river,  an  estuary  of  AV. 
Africa,  Senegambia,  about  20  miles  in 
lengtb,  &  from  3  to  10  m.  in  breadth, 
joins  the  Atlantic. 

Sierra  Morena,  a  mtitn.  rainge  of 
Spain,  separating  the  basin  of  the  Gua- 
diana  from  that  of  the  Guadalquivir. 
Culminating  point,  Aracena,  is  5,500  ft. 
above  the  sea. 

Sierra  Nevada,  the  most  elevated 
mountain  range  in  the  Spanish  peninsula 
in  the  S.,  extending  through  the  old  king- 
dom of  Granada.  Culminating  points, 
Mulhacen,  11,678  ft.,  &  Veleta,  11,387ft. 
above  the  sea. II.  the  ridge  of  moun- 
tains which  intersects  California,  at  an 
average  distance  of  about  150  miles  from 
the  Pacific,  is  also  called  the  Sierra  Ne- 
vada. 

SiEVSK,  or  Sevsk,  a  town  of  Russia, 
gov.  &  73  m.  S.W.  Orel.     P.  4,500. 

SiGHAJiK,  a  small  marit.  town  of  Asia- 
Minor,  Anatolia,  22  m.  S.W.  Smyrna. 

Sign,  a  market  town  of  Dalmatia,  20 
m.  N.E.  Spalato.     P.  3,900. 

SiGNA,  a  vill.  of  Tuscany,  8  miles  W. 
Florence,  on  the  Arno.     P.  5,500. 

SiGNAU,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  14  m. 
E.S.E.  Bern.     P.  2,400. 

SiGNY,  several  comms.,  &c.,  of  France, 

dep.  Ardennes. 1.  {VAhbaye),  a  mkt. 

town,  14  m.  W.S.W.  Mezieres.     P.  2,447. 
;TI.  {le  Petit),  a  vill.,  22  m.  W.N.W. 


sim] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZKTTEEB. 


719 


Mezieres.  P.  1,294. — St.  Sigolene  is  a 
comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  H.  Loire.     P.  3,168. 

SiGTUNA,  a  town  of  Sweden,  27  miles 
N.N.W.  Stockholm,  on  a  branch  of  Lake 
Maelar,  with  588  inhabitants.  In  the  9th 
century  it  was  cap.  of  a  small  kingdom  of 
Sweden. 

SiGUENZA,  a  town  of  Spain,  43  milea 
N.E.  Guadalaxara.     P.  4,817. 

SiHL,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  joins  the 
Limmat  at  Zurich.     L.  35  m. 

SiHON,  a  riv.  of  Asia- Minor,  enters  the 
Mediterranean.    L.  150  m. 

SiHUT,  a  town  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Ara- 
bia, 100  m.  E.N.E.  Makallah.  P.  varies 
from  300  to  2,000. 

SiJEAN,  a  comm.  &  iown  of  France, 
dep.  Aude,  10  miles  S.  Narbonne.  P. 
3,013. 

SiKAR,  a  town  of  N.W.  Hindostan. 

SiKiNos,  an  island  of  the  Grecian  ar- 
chipelago, gov.  Syra,  20  m.  N.W.  San- 
torin.     Area,  17  sq.m.     P.  300. 

SiKKiM,  a  state  of  N.E.  Hindostan, 
tributary  to  the  British,  having  N.  the 
Himalaya.  Area,  4,400  sq.  m.  Estim. 
p.  166,000. 

SiKLOs,  a  mkt.  town  of  W.  Hungary, 
with  3,247  inhabs. 

SiKOKE,  the  smallest  of  the  four  prin- 
cipal islands  of  Japan,  S.  of  Mphon. 
Estim.  area,  17,200  sq.  m.  Chief  towns, 
Tosa  &  Awa. 

SiLAO,  a  well-built  town  of  the  Mexi- 
can confed.,  dep.  &  10  m.  N.W.  Guanax- 
uato.     P.  4,000. 

SiLBERBERG,  a  towTi  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
43  m.  S.S.W.  Breslau.  P.  1,170.  It  was 
conquered  from  Austria  by  Frederick 
the  Great  in  1742. — Austrian  Silesia, 
comprises  the  S.  part  of  the  old  prov.  of 
Silesia. 

SiLiNTY,  a  marit.  vill.  &  headland  of 
Asia-Minor,  on  the  Mediterranean. 

SiLiQUA,  a  vill.  of  Sardinia,  17  miles 
W.N.W.  Cagliari.    P.  of  comm.,  2,099. 

SiLisTRiA,  a  city  of  European  Turkey, 
Bulgaria,  on  r.  bank  of  the  Danube.  P. 
20,000. 

SiLivRi,  a  marit.  town  of  European 
Turkey,  Kumili,  40  m.  W.  Constantino- 
ple.    P.  5,000. 

SiLJAN,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  26  m.  N.W. 
Fahlun.     L.  52  m.,  br.  7  m. 

SiLLA,  a  town.  Central  Africa,  "S^ne- 
gambia,  state  Bambarra,  80  m.  E.N.E. 

Sego. II.  {de  Caracas),   a  mountain, 

S.  America, Venezuela;  height,  8,700  ft. 

SiLLAH-MEw,  a  decayed  town  of  Bur- 
mah,  24  m.  S.  Pugan. 

SiLLEE,  a  town,  Brit.  India,  30  miles 
S.S.E.  RfiTngbur. 


SiLLEFiORD,  a  vill.  of  Norway,  77  m. 
S.W.  Christiana.    P.  2,400. 

SiLLB  (lb  Guillaume),  a  comm.  & 
market  town  of  France,  dep.  Sarthe,  19 
m.  N.W.  Le  Mans.  P.  2,210.— Sillery  is 
a  vill.,  dep.  Marne,  6  m.  S.E.  Reims, 
famous  for  its  fine  champagne  wine. 

SiLs,  the  most  elevated  vill.  in  the 
Engadine,  Switzerland,  cant.  Grisons. 

Silver  Creek,  town,  Greene  co.  0. 

Silver  Lake,  Wyoming  co.  Pa.,  is  3  m. 

long. II.  p-t.,  Susquehanna  co.  Penn. 

P.  907. 

Silver  Spring,  t.,  Cumberland  co. 
Pa.    P.  1,938. 

SiMAND,  a  mkt.  town  of  Hungary,  21 
m.  N.N.E.  Arad.     P.  4,898. 

SiMATJL,  a  town  of  Asia- Minor,  Ana- 
tolia, 75  m.  S.  Brusa, — 5  m.  N.W.  is 
Lake  Simaul. 

Simbirsk,  a  gov.,  Russia,  having  N. 
the  govs.  Kasan  &  Orenburg.  Area, 
27,944  sq.  miles.  P.  1,318,900.  Surface 
undulating  &  very  fertile.  Princip.  riv- 
ers, the  Volga,  Sura,  &  their  affluents. 
Princip.  towns,  Simbirsk,  Samara,  Stav- 
ropol, &  Karsun. — Simbirsk,  the  cap.,  is 
situated  on  the  Volga  &  Sviago,  105  m. 
S.S.W  Kasan.    P.  17,000. 

SiMcOE,  a  lake  of  Upper  Canada,  dist. 
Home,  betw.  lakes  Huron  &  Ontario,  40 
m.  N.  Toronto. 

Simferopol,  a  town  pf  S.  Russia,  in 
the  Crimea,  on  the  Salghir,  37  m.  N.E. 
Sevastopol.  P.  8,000.  It  was  founded 
in  A.D.  1500,  &  became  the  cap.  of  Tar- 
tar sultans. 

Simla,  a  mntnous.  district  of  N.W. 
Hindostan,  30  m.  S.E.  Belaspoor,  7,300 
feet.    P.  of  dist.  370,600. 

SiMMEN,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  joins 
the  Kander.     L.  35  miles. 

Simmering,  a  village  of  Lower  Aus- 
tria, 2  miles  S.E.  Vienna,  with  2,686 
inhabs. 

SiMMERN,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
26  m.  S.AV.  Coblentz,  cap.  oirc.    P.  2,700. 

SiMNAN,  a  town  of  Persia,  115  m.  E. 
Teheran. 

SiMNiTZA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Wallachia, 
on  1.  bank  of  the  Danube. — Simno  is  a 
small  town  of  Poland,  19  m.  E.  Kal- 
wary.     P.  1,300. 

SiMOGA,  or  Shemoga.  a  fortified  town 
of  S.  India,  130  miles  N.W.  Seringapa- 
tam. 

SiMONSTHURM,  a  market  town  of  Hun- 
gary, 56  m.  S.S.W.  Buda.    P.  3,000. 

Simon's  Town,  a  marit.  town  of  S. 
Africa,  colony  &  dist.  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 
on  Simon's  bay,  an  inlet  on  the  E.  side 
of  False  bay,  23  m.  S.  Cnpe  Town.    It 


'720 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPUY. 


[sin 


is  neatly  built  at  the  foot  of  the  Cape 
mntn.,  &  has  a  naval  arsenal. 

SiMPLON,  a  mntn.  of  Switzerland.  The 
celebrated  route  of  the  Simplon  built  by 
Napoleon  was  carried  over  this. 

Simpson,  a  central  eo.  Miss.  Area, 
550  sq.  m.      Cap.  "Westville.      P.  4,734. 

II.  S.  CO.  Ky.     Area,   283  sq.  miles. 

Cap.  Franklin.  P.  12,462. III.  {isls.,) 

Pacific  ocean,  Mulgrave  archip.,  is  in  lat. 
0°  30'  JSr.,  Ion.  173°  54'  E. 

SiMSBURY,  t.,  Hartford  co.  Conn.  Has 
manufs.  of  carpeting.     P.  2,737. 

SiMusiR,  one  of  the  Kurile  islands,  N. 
Pacific,  belonging  to  Russia,  80  m.  N.W. 
Urup.     L.  90  m.,  br.  6  m. 

Sin,  a  city  of  China,  120  m.  S.E.  Si-an. 

Sinai  (Mount),  a  mountain  of  Arabia 
Petrsea,  famous  in  Scripture,  &  general- 
ly identified  with  the  Jeb-el-Mousa,  or 
"  Mount  of  Moses,"  one  of  a  cluster  of 
mntns.,  of  which  Mount  Horeb  forms  a 
part  of  the  N.E.  end.  Height  above  the 
sea,  7,497  feet.  On  its  N.E.  side  is  the 
fortified  convent  of  Sinai,  now  tenanted 
by  about  20  Greek  monks.  Robinson  con- 
jectures that  Mount  Horeb,  N.W.-ward, 
was  the  original  Sinai,  celebrated  in  Holy 
Writ.  Mount  St.  Catherine  is,  however, 
the  culminating  point  of  this  cluster  of 
mntns. — The  peninsula  of  Sitiai,  betw. 
the  gulfs  of  Suez  &  Akabah,  the  scene 
of  the  Israelite  wanderings  in  the  desert, 
is  about  140  m..  in  length,  N.  to  S.,  &  as 
much  in  breadth  at  its  N.  extremity, 
whence  it  gradually  tapers  S.-ward  to  its 
extremity,  Ras  Mohammed. 

SiNARuco,  a  river  of  S.  America,  Ve- 
nezuela, joins  the  Orinoco,  after  an  E. 
course  of  100  miles. 

SiNAY,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  16  m.  N.E. 
Ghent.     P.  3,000. 

SiNCLAiRTOwN,  a  village  of  Scotland, 
CO.  Fife.     P.  1,511. 

SiND,  a  river  of  Hindostan,  between 
the  Chumbul  &  Betwah  rivers,  &  joins 
the  Jumna  26  m.  S.E.  Etawah.  Total 
course  220  m. 

SiNDELFiNGEN,  a  town  of  Wlirtcm- 
berg,  9  m.  W.S.W.  Stuttgart.     P.  3,869. 

SiNDORSKOE,  a  lake  of  Russia.  L.  12 
m.,  by  5  m.  in  br. 

SiNDWAH,  a  fortress  &  pass  of  British 
India,  presid.  Bombay. 

SiNEPuxENT,  inlet,  Worcester  co.  Md., 
on  the  Atlantic  coast,  is  the  entrance 
from  the  ocean  into  Siuepuxent  bay,  in 
38°  10'  30"  N.  lat.  The  bay  is  long  & 
narrow,  separated  from  the  ocean  by 
Asaticque  island. 

Sines,  a  walled  town  of  Portugal.  P. 
1,200. 


SiNEu,  a  town  of  the  island  Majorca, 
20  m.  E.N.E.  Palma.     P.  3,990. 

Singapore  ("city  of  the  lion"),  a  set- 
tlement belonging  to  Great  Britain,  in 
S.E.  Asia,  consisting  of  an  island  oflF  the 
S.  extremity  of  the  Malay  peninsula, 
separated  from  the  mainland  by  a  strait 
in  one  part  only  j  m.  across,  &  having 
on  its  S.  side  a  town  of  same  name,  in 
lat.  1°.  L.  of  isl.  27  m.,  br.  11  m.  Area, 
275  sq.  m.  P.  50,000,  amongst  whom  aro 
20,000  Chinese  &  a  few  Europ.  The  cap. 
town,  on  the  S.E.  coast,  on  a  small  river, 
is  regularly  laid  out,  &  pretty -well  built, 
&  divided  into  Malay,  Chinese,  &  Euro- 
pean quarters. 

Singarapettah,  a  town  of  British  In- 
dia, presid.  Madras. 

SiNGBOOM,  a  town  of  British  India,  110 
m.  V*''.  Midnapoor. 

SiNGEN,  a  market  town  of  the  grand 
duchy  Baden.     P.  1,164. 

Singhea,  a  town  of  British  India,  17 
m.  N.  Patna. — Singhur  is  a  hill-fort,  12 
m.  S.S.W.  Poonah. 

Singilei,  a  town  of  Russia,  23  miles 
S.S.E.  Simbirsk,  on  the  Volga.     P.  3,000. 
SiNGOE,  an  isl.  of  Sweden,  in  the  Bal- 
tic, 20  miles  W.  the  Aland  islands.     L.  4 
miles. 

SiNGOLE,  a  town  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid. Bengal. 

Sing  Sing,  p-v.,  Westchester  co.  K".  Y., 
on  the  Hudson  r.  P.  4,939.  Sing  Sing 
furnishes  great  quantities  of  fine  mar- 
ble for  building.  The  quarries  are 
chiefly  wrought  by  convicts  of  the  state 
prison,  located  here.  It  is  situated  half 
a  m.  S.  of  the  v.  The  main  building  is 
84  feet  long  &  44  feet  wide,  5  stories 
high,  containing  1,000  cells.  There  is  a 
separate  building,  constructed  of  marble, 
of  the  Ionic  order,  for  female  convicts, 
with  well-furnished  apartments  for  the 
matrons. 

Sinigaglia,  a  fortified  seaport  town 
of  Central  Italy,  Pontif.  sta.,  16  miles 
-W.N.W.  Anwna.     P.  21,930. 

Siniscola,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Sar- 
dinia, 25  m.  N.E.  Nuoro.     P.  2,826. 

Siniukha,  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the 
Bug.     L.  156  m. 

Sinjar,  or  SiNGALi,  a  small  town  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  pash.  &  70  m.  W.  Mo- 
sul.— The,  Sinjar  Hills,  a  range  about 
50  m.  in  length  by  from  7  to  9  m.  in 
breadth,  between  the  Khabur  &  Tigris 
rivers. 

SiNJAVKA,  three  rnkt.  towns  of  Rus- 
sia.  1.    Don  Cossack   country. II. 

gov.  &  34  m.  E.N.E.  Tchernigov. III. 

gov.  &  75  m.  S.E.  Vilna. 


sit] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


721 


Sinn,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  after  a  S. 
course  of  40  m.,  joins  the  Saale. 

SiNNA,  a  town,  Persia,  80  m.  W.N.W. 
Hamadan.     P.  5,000  families. 

SiNNAi,  a  market  town  of  the  island 
Sardinia,  8  m.  N.E.  Cagliari.  P.  of 
comm.  2,826. 

SiNNAMARY,  a  river  of  French  G-ui- 
ana,  enters  the  Atlantic.     L.  200  m. 

SiNNEMAHONiNG,  r.,  Pa.,  a  tributary 
from  the  N.W.  of  the  W.  branch  of  Sus- 
quehanna r.  &  is  about  50  m.  long. 

SiNNiE,  a  river  of  Guinea,  enters  the 
gulf  of  Guinea  after  a  S.  course  of  up- 
wards of  120  m. 

SiNNO,  a  river  of  Naples,  enters  the 
gulf  of  Taranto  after  an  E.  course  of  60 
miles. 

SiNNOKE,  a  town  of  India,  Baroda 
dom.,  on  the  Nerbuddah. 

SiNOPE,  a  seaport  town  of  Asia- Minor, 
Anatolia,  on  the  Black  sea.  P.  8,000  to 
10,000.  (?) 

SiNOPOn,  a  town  of  Naples. II.  17 

m.  N.E.  Reggio.     P.  1,800.— /S.  Infeviore 
is  a  vill.  immed.  S.W.-ward. 

SiNSHEiM,  a  town,  Baden,  14  m.  S.S.E. 
Heidelberg.  P.  2,869. — Sinzheim  is  a 
vill.,  3  m.  W.  Baden.  P.  \,i2Q.—Sinzig 
is  a  wnlled  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  20 
m.  N.W.  Coblenz.     P.  1,800. 

SiON,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  near  the 

Rhone,  50  m.  S.  Bern.     P.  2,600. II. 

a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep.  Loire 

Inf.     P.  2,481. III.  a  toWn  &  fort  of 

British  India. 

SiouT,  the  principal  town  of  Upper 
Egypt,  cap.  prov.,  near  the  Nile.  P. 
2d,000.(?,)  It  is  the  largest  &  best  built 
town  S.  of  Cairo. 

Sioux  River,  joins  the  Missouri,  lat. 
42°  45'  N.,  Ion.  97°  W.,  after  a  S.  course 
estimated  at  200  m. 

SiPAN  Dagh,  a  mountain  of  Turkish 
Armenia,  40  m.  N.W.  Van ;  supposed 
elevation  11,000  feet. 

SiPHANTO,  an  island  of  the  Grecian 
archipelago,  25  m.  S.W.  Sjra.  Area,  34 
sq.  m.     P.  5,000. 

Sir,  a  mouth  of  the  Indus  river,  15  m. 
N.W.  that  of  Koree. 

SiRDARUD,  a  flourishing  vill.  of  N. 
Persia,  7  m.  S.W.  Tabriz. 

SiRDHUNA,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid-.  Bengal',  37  m.  N.N.E.  Delhi. 

SiRGOOJAH,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal.  75  m.  S.W.  Palamow. — 
Sur-i-sunsrah,  Affghanistan,  is  a  fort,  22 
m.  S.W.  Cabool. 

SiRHiND,  a  decayed  fortress  &  town  of 
N.W.  Hindostan. 

SiE-i-EoL,  a  lake  in  Central  Asia,  Bok- 
31 


hara,  forming  the  source  of  the  river 
Oxus;  elev.  15,600  feet. 

SiRi  Pool,  a  town  of  Central  Asia,  on 
the  N.  slope  of  the  Huzareh  mountains, 
45  m.  S.W.  Balkh. 

SiRMOHB,  one  of  the  protected  Sikh 
states  of  India,  on  the  route  between 
Seharunpore  &  Belaspoor.  Principal 
town  Nahan,  30  miles  E.N.B.  Umbal- 
lah. 

SiRsAH  &  SiRSAwA,  two  towns  of  Brit- 
ish India,  in  N.W.  Hindostan. 1.  20 

m.  W.  Futtehabad. II.  dist.  &  7  miles 

N.W.  Seharunpore. 

SiRUELA,  a  town  of  Spain,  92  m.  E.S.E. 
Badajoz.     P.  3,512. 

SiRWAN,  a  ruined  city  of  Persian  Kur- 
distan, 65  m.  S.W.  Kirmanshah,  which 
presents  the  most  perfect  remains  of  a 
Sassanian  city  in  Pei'sia. 

Sis,  two  towns  of    Asia-Minor. 1. 

pash.  40  ra.  N.E.  Adana,  S.  Mount  Tau- 
rus.  II.  pash.  &  21  m.  S.W.  Sivas. 

Sisal,  a  seaport  town  of  Yucatan,  on 
its  N.W.  coast,  30  m.  N.W.  Merida. 

SisANTE,  a  town  of  Spain,  45  m.  S.W. 
Cuenea.     P.  3,612. 

SisARGA,  a  group  of  islets  off  the  N.W. 
coast  of  Spain,  Galicia. 

SisEBOLi,  a  maritime  town  of  Euro- 
pean Turkey,  Rumili,  on  the  Black  sea, 
80  m.  N.E.  Adrianople.  It  has  one  of 
the  best  harbors  on  the  Black  sea. 

SissACH,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  U  m. 
S.E.  Basle.     P.  1,254. 

SissoNNE,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Aisne,  12  m.  E.  Laon.  P. 
1,403. 

SisTERON,  a  comm.  &  fortified  town 
of  France,  dep.  B.  Alps,  16  m.  W.N.W. 
Digne.     P.  3,755. 

Sisters,  2  isls.  of  the  Pacific,  N.  Chat- 
ham   is).,    near    New    Zealand. II. 

Bass'  strait,  off  the  N.  extremity  of  Pur- 
neaux  island.— — III.  two  islands,  In- 
dian ocean,  betweon  the  Great  &  Little 
Andaman  islands. — The  Three  Sisters, 
Seychelles  islands,  Indian  ocean. 

SisTovA,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Bulgaria,  24  m.  E.S.E.  Nicopolis.  P. 
20,000. 

SiTCHEvKA,  or  SxTCHEvsK,  a  town  of 
Russia,  gov.  &  110  m.  N.E.  Smolensk,  on 
the  Vazuza,  an  affl.  of  the  Volga.  P. 
1,400. 

SiTiA,  a  maritime  town  of  Crete,  on 
its  N.  coast,  55  m.  E.  Candia.  Near  it  is 
Cape  Sitia,  &  Mount  Sitia  is  direct  S. 
from  it  inland. 

SiTKA,  an  island  of  the  Pacific  ocean, 
the  largest  of  George  III.  archipelago, 
off  the  W.  coast  of  N.  America.    Tho 


122 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    UKOORAPHV. 


[SKO 


Russian  settlement  Sitka  or  New  Arch- 
angel, on  its  W.  coast. 

SiTTARD,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 

13  m.  N.E.  Maestricht.    P.  3,400. II. 

a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia.     P.  1,240. 

SiTTiNGBOuuNE,  a  mkt.  town  of  Eng., 
CO.  Kent.     P.  2,352. 

SiTZENDOHF,  a  mkt.  town  of  L.  Aus- 
tria, 5  m.  N.E.  Meissau.     P.  1,350. 

Siu-AN-HOA,  a  fortified  city  of  China, 
near  the  Great  Wall,  90  miles  N.W.  Pe- 
king. 

SivACHE,  or  Putrid  Sea,  a  lagoon,  on 
the  N.  &  E.  sides  of  the  Crimea,  S.  Rus- 
sia. By  an  E.  wind,  the  water  of  the  .«ea 
of  Azov  is  forced  through  the  strait,  & 
often  covers  the  surface  of  the  lagoon  ;  at 
other  times  it  presents  only  a  pestiferous 
expanse  of  mud. 

SivANA,  an  island  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras.     L.  9  m. ;  br.  10  m. 

SiVAS,  a  pashalic  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
comprising  portions  of  Asia-Minor  & 
Turkish  Armenia,  having  N.  the  Black 
sea. — Sivas  {Cabria  &  Sebasie),  the  cap., 
is  situated  in  an  extensive  plain.  P. 
about  6,000  families.  It  is  well  built ; 
houses  interspersed  with  gardens,  &  its 
numerous  minarets  give  it  a  cheerful  ap- 
pearance. Near  it  Mithridates  was  de- 
feated by  the  Roman  general  LucuUus, 
&  Bajazet  by  Timour. 

SivEREK,  a  town  of  Turkish  Armenia, 
40  m.  AV.S.W.  Diarbekir,  &  stated  to  com- 
prise 2,000  houses. 

Sivry-sur-Meuse,  a  coram.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Meuse.     P.  1,018. 

SiwAH,  an  oasis  in  the  Libyan  desert, 
5  m.  long  &  3  m.  broad ;  its  cap.  Siwah- 
el-Kebir,  310  m.  W.S.W.  Cairo,  is  built  of 
fossil  salt,  the  houses  clustering  round  a 
rock.  The  oasis  contains  several  salt 
lakes,  &  many  date  palms,  &  the  gardens 
produce  the  vine,  fig,  &  pomegranate,  in 
rich  abundance.  Near  it  is  the  vill.  of 
Gharmj',  with  ruins  of  the  temple  of  Ju- 
piter Ammon. 

Six-Fours,  a  eomm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Var,  3  m.  W.S.W.  Toulon. 
P.  2,941. 

SizuN,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of  France, 
dep.  Finistere,  17  m.  S.W.  Morlaix.  P. 
3,758. 

Skagelse,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on  the 
isl.  Seeland,  9  m.  W.S.W.  Soro.    P.  3,200. 

Skages?  (Cape),  or  the  Skaw,  the  N. 
extremity  of  Jutland,  Denmark.  Near 
it  is  a  small  town  of  same  name.  P. 
1,400. 

Skagerrack,  or  the  Sleeve,  an  arm 
of  the  German  ocean. 

Skalholt,  a  town,  Iceland. 


Skalitz.  a  frontier  town  of  N.W.  Hun- 
gary, 54  m.  N.W.  Neutra,  on  the  1.  b.  of 
the  March.     P.  8,790. 

Skalmierz,  a  town  of  Poland,  27  m. 
N.E.  Cracow.     P.  3,000. 

Skanderborg,  a  town  of  Denmark, 
prov.  Jutland.     P.  900. 

Skara,  a  town  of  Sweden,  27  m.  S.W. 
Mariestad.     P.  1,450. 

Skeen,  a  t.  of  Norwav,  on  the  Skeens- 
elf,  7  m.  N.  Porsgrund. '  P.  1,900. 

Skelleftea  (Svenska),  a  river  of 
Sweden,  flows  S.E.,  &  after  a  course  of 
120  m.,  enters  the  gulf  of  Bothnia. 

Skelligs,  three  rocky  islets  off  the 
S.W.  coast  of  Ireland,  co.  Kerry,  in  the 
Atlantic  ocean.  The  Great  Skellig  rises 
abruptly  to  710  feet  in  height. 

Skeneateles,  a  tnshp.  Onondaga  co. 
N.  Y.,  on  Skeneateles  lake,  13  m.  W.S.W. 
Onondaga.  P.  4,080.  The  lake  is  15  m. 
in  length. 

Skerries,  a  fishing  town  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  co.  &  17  m.  N.N.E.  Dublin.    P. 

2,417. II.  an  islet  in  the  Irish  sea, 

off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Anglesey. — The 
Out  Skei-ries  are  three  islets  in  the  ex- 
treme E.  of  Shetland,  10  m.  S.E.  Fetlar, 
each  about  1  m.  in  length.     P.  122. 

Skerrow  (Loch),  a  highly  picturesque 
lake  of  Scotland,  Kirkcudbright. 

Skerton,  a  tnshp.  of  England,  co.  N. 
Lancaster.     P.  1,665. 

Skiatho,  one  of  the  N.  Sporades,  Gre- 
cian archipelago.     L.  &  br.  4  m.  each. 

Skibbereen,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  co.  &  90  m.  S.W.  Cork.  P. 
4,715. 

Skiddaw,  a  mntn.  of  England,  co. 
Cumberland.     Elev.  3,022  ft. 

Skielskor,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on  the 
S.W.  coast  of  the  island  Seeland,  on  a 
deep  arm  of  the  Great  Belt,  10  m.  S. 
Skagelse.     P.  1,000. 

Skierniwice,  a  town  of  Poland",  42  m. 
W.S.W.  Warsaw,  on  the  Bzura.  P. 
2,300. 

Skinosa,  ji  Small  island  of  the  Grecian 
archipelago,  gov.  &  5  m.  S.  Naxos. 

Skippach,  a  tnshp.  Montgomery  co. 
Penn.,  86  m.  E.  Harrisburg.     P.  1,485. 

Skipton,  a  mkt.  town  of  England,  co. 
York,  W.  Riding.     P.  28,764. 

Skircoat,  a  tnshp.  of  England,  co. 
York,  W.  Riding.     P.  5,237. 

Skive,  a  town  of  Denmark,  prov.  Jut- 
land.    P.  1,200. 

Skivra,  a  town  of  Russia,  60  m.  S.W. 
Kiev,  cap.  circ,  with  4,100  inhabs. 

Skopelo,  one  of  the  N.  Sporades  isls., 
Greece,  gov.  &  15  m.  N.  Euboea,  in  the 
.^gean  sea.     Area,  32  sq.  m.    P.  2,500. 


SLi] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


723 


II.  a  town  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the 

island. 

Skopin,  a  town  of  Kussia,  52  m.  S.  Ri- 
azan.     P.  6,000. 

Skotschau,  a  town  of  Austrian  Sile- 
sia, on  the  Vistula.     P.  1,800. 

Skowhegan,  a  tnshp.  Somerset  co. 
Me.,  on  the  Kennebec,  36  miles  N.  Au- 
gusta.    P.  1,584. 

Skhipu,  a  vill.  of  Greece,  Bceotia,  7  m. 
jST.E.  Lebadea. 

Skhopha  (Cape),  a  headland  of  Greece, 
W.  Hellas,  Acarnania. 

Skulany,  a  large  market  town  of  S. 
Russia,  on  the  Furth,  14  m.  N.E.  Jassy. 
Skutsch,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  12  miles 
S.E.  Chrudim.     P.  3,408. 

Skye,  the  largest  island  of  the  Inner 
Hebrides,  Scotland,  co.  Inverness.  P. 
23,082.  Surface  mntnous. ;  many  heights 
in  the  centre  rise  to  betw.  2,00&  &  3,000 
feet  above  the  sea,  amongst  which  the 
Cuchullin  hills  are  conspicuous  ;  its  N. , 
part  &  shores  are  bold  &  strikingly  pic- 
turesque. The  inhabitants  are  mostly 
of  Gaelic  descent.  The  island  contains 
many  Danish  antiquities ;  belongs  chiefly 
to  Lord  Macdonald  &  the  Macleod  fam- 
ily- 

Skyros,  an  island  of  the  Grecian  ar- 
chipelago, in  the  ^gean  sea,  24  m.  N.E. 
Cape  Kili,  Eubcea.  L.  17  m.;  br.  2  to  7 
miles.  Estiinated  area,  60  sq.  m.  P. 
2,630.  It  is  separated  into  two  parts  by 
an  isthmus.  Its  S.  peninsula  rises  to 
2,566  feet  above  the  sea.  The  bay  of 
Kalamitza,  on  the  W.  side,  receives  large 
vessels.  The  only  town,  St.  George, 
stands  on  the  N.  side  of  the  isl.  Seven 
m.  W.  is  Skyro-poido,  a  rocky  islet,  617 
feet  in  height. 

Slagelse,  a  town  of  Denmark,  island 
Seeland,  10  m.  N.E.  Corsoer.  P.  3,600. 
Slane,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  co.  Meath,  on  the  Boyne,  8  m. 
W.  Drogheda.  P.  2,510;  do.  of  town, 
555.  The  celebrated  battle  of  the  Boyne 
was  fought  near  Slane,  on  the  E. 

Slaney,  a  river  of  Ireland,  Leinster, 
expands  into  Wexford  harbor.  Total 
course,  60  m.,  tidal  for  10  m. 

Slano,  a  market  town  of  Dalmatia,  16 
m.  N.W.  Ragusa.    P.  1,400. 

Slatina,  a  town  of  Wallachia,  cap. 
Upper  Wallachia,  on  the  Aluta,  90  m. 
W.  Bucharest. 

Slave  Coast,  is  that  portion  of  the 
Guinea  coast,  W.  Africa,  between  the 
Volta  &  Lagos  rivers,  which  separate  it 
respectively  from  Benin  on  the  E.  &  the 
Gold  coast  on  the  W. 

Slave  Lake  (Great),  a  considerable 


lake  of  British  N.  America,  N.W.  terri- 
tory, between  lat.  60°  40'  &  63°  N.  & 
Ion.  109°  30'  &  117°  30'  W.  Shape  very 
irregular.  L.  E.  to  W.  300  m. ;  gr.  br. 
50  m.  Shores,  on  its  N.  side  especially, 
precipitous  &  rugged,  &  it  contains  many 
rooky  &  wooded  isls.  It  is  wholly  frozen 
over  for  six  months  of  the  year. — Slave 
river  is  the  lower  part  of  the  Peace  river, 
after  it  is  joined  by  Stony  river  fi-om 
Lake  Athabasca,  &  enters  the  Great 
Slave  lake  on  its  S.  side,  by  two  mouths, 
near  Fort  Resolution.  Total  course,  200 
miles. 

Slavianosbersk,  a  town  of  Russia, 
180  miles  E.N.E.  Ekaterinoslav,  on  the 
Donetz.     P.  2,000. 

Slaviansk,  a  town  of  Russia,  29  miles 
S.E.  Izium.     P.  2,000. 

Slavonia  (Kingdom  of),  a  frontier 
prov.  of  the  Austrian  empire,  officially 
included  in  the  kingdom  of  Hungary, 
from  which  it  is  separated  on  the  N.  by 
the  Drave  &  Danube ;  it  has  W.  Croatia, 
&  S.  the  Save,  separating  it  from  Turkey. 
Area  of  civil  Slavonia,  3,643  sq.  m.  P. 
336,100.  The  military  frontier  has  an 
area  of  2,955  sq.  m..  P.  266,175.  Esseck, 
the  cap.,  Vukovar,  &  Gradiska,  are  other 
principal  towns. 

Slavuta,  &  Slawatyce,  two  market 

towns  of  Russian  Poland. 1,  on  the 

Gorin,  13  m.  N.  Zaslav. II.  54  m.  S.E. 

Siedlec,  on  the  Bug. —  Slawiszyn  is  a 
walled  town  of  Poland,  10  m.  N.  Kalice. 
P.  1,000. 

Slawkow,  a  town  of  Poland,  31  miles 
N.W.  Cracow.     P.  1,520. 

Sleapord  (New),  a  market  town  of 
England,  co.  Lincoln,  on  the  Slea.  P. 
3,3'82. 

Slidre,  a  vill.  of  Norway,  95  m.  N.W. 
Christiania,  on  the  Beina.     P.  3,100. 

Sliedhbcht,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
on  the  Maas,  4  m.  E.  Dort.     P.  1,856. 
SnEVE,  numerous  mntns.  of  Ireland, 

among  which  are 1.  {Beg),  co.  Down. 

Height,  2,384  feet. II.  {Car),  Con- 
naught,  CO.  Mayo.     Height,  2,368  feet. 

III.    {Bonard),    Ulster,    co.    Down. 

Height,  2,796  feet. 

Sligo,  a  maritime  co.  of  Ireland,  Con- 
naught,  having  N.  the  bays  of  Killala, 
Sligo,  &  Donegal.  Area,  721  sq.  m.  P. 
128,769.  Principa.1  crops,  oats  &  potatoes, 
with  some  wheat.  Estates  large,  farms 
mostly  small.  Average  rent  of  land,  10s. 
3d.  an  acre. — Sligo,  the  cap.,  is  a  seaport 
at  the  head  of  Sligo  bay,  &  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Garvoge,  or  Sligo,  69  m.  S.S.W. 
Londonderry.  P.  2,046.  Sligo  is  the 
entrepot  of  an  extensive  country,  &  has, 


\ 


12i 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[SMY 


in  consequence,  a  considerable  &  increas- 
ing trade.  Reg.  shipping,  5,765  tons. — 
Sligo  bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  im- 
mediately S.  Donegal  bay,  extends  inland 
for  12  m.  Breadthat  entrance,  6  m.  On 
its  shores  are  Sligo  &  Ballisadaro.  In 
1588,  3  ships  of  the  Spanish  armada  were 
stranded  here. 

Slippery  Eock,  several  townships  of 

Pennsylvania. 1,  co.  &   15   m.  N.W. 

Butler.     P.  1,507. II.  co.  Beaver.   P. 

1,224. III.  CO.  Mercer.     P.  2,066. 

Slobodskoi,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  & 
16  m.  N.E.  Viatka,  on  the  Viatka.  P. 
6,000. 

Si.OBODZiA,  a  town  of  Wallachia,  on 
the  Jalomnitza,  &  60  m.  E.  Bucharest. — 
Slokutchin  is  a  vill.  of  Bulgaria,  S.W. 
Nicopolis. 

Slonim,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  72 
miles  S.E.  Grodno,  on  the  Stchara.  P. 
7,500. 

Slough,  a  vill.  of  England,  co.  Bucks, 
21  m.  W.  London.     P.  1,198. 

Slcjczevo,  a  town  of  Poland,  gov.  War- 
saw, on  the  Prussian  frontier,  11  m.  S. 
Thorn.     P.  1,000. 

Sluis,  a  fortified  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, on  the  Belgian  frontier,  10  m.  N.E. 
Bruges.     P.  1,508. 

Slutch,  two  rivers  of  Russian  Poland. 

1,  flows  N.,  &  joins  the  Gorin  in  a 

marshy  flat,  after  a  course  of  200  miles. 

II.  gov.  Minsk,  flows  S.,  past  Slutsk, 

&  joins  the  Pripet,  60  miles  B.  Pinsk. 
Course,  80  m. 

Slutsk,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  63 
m.  S.W.  Minsk,  on  the  lesser  Slutch,  near 
its  source.     P.  8,000. 

Smid^r,  a  market  town  of  Bohemia, 
circ.  Bidschow,  3"  m.  N.  Neu-Bidschow. 
P.  1,166. 

Smieinjorsk,  a  tqwn  of  W.  Siberia,  in 
the  mining  dist.  of  the  gov.  Tomsk.  P. 
4,000. 

Smiev,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  &  22  m. 
S.E.  Kharkov,  cap.  circ.  on  the  Donetz. 
P.  3,000. 

Smith,  a  co.  in  N.  part  of  Tennessee. 
Cap.   Carthage.     Area,   590  sq.  m.      P. 

18,412. II.  a  CO.,  Mississippi,  near  its 

centre,  cap.  Raleigh.     Area,  520  sq.  m. 

P.  4,071. III.  a  township,  Ohio,  co. 

Belmont.     P.  1,956. IV.  a  township, 

CO.  Columbiana.  P.  1,457. V.  t.,  Barry 

CO.  Mich.   P.  1,799. VI.  co.  Texas.    P. 

4,292. 

Smithfield,  numerous  townships. 

I.  Rhode  Island,  on  Blackwater  river,  16 
miles  N.  Providence.  It  has  many  full- 
ing, grist,  &  saw  mills,  &  contains  the 
manuf.  vill.  Slatersville. II.  Madisoa 


CO.  N.  Y.  P.  1,669. III.  Pennsylva- 
nia, CO.  Bradford.    P.1,427. IV.  Ohio, 

126  miles  E.N.E.  Columbus.      P.  2,095. 

V.  p-v,,  cap.  Isle  of  Wight  co.  Va. 

P.   900. VI.   p-v.,    cap.   Johnson   co. 

N.  C. —  Smithland  is  a  vill.,  Kentucky, 
cap.  CO.  Livingston,  on  the  Ohio,  below 
the  influx  of  Cumberland  river.     P.  900. 

Smith's  Island,  N.  C,  at  the  mouth 
of  Cape  Fear  river. 

Smithsport,  p-v.,  cap.  McKean  eo.  Pa. 

Smithtown,  a  township,  Suffolk  co., 
state  &  43  miles  E.  New  York,  on  Long 
Island  sound.     P.  1,972. 

Smithville,  p-v.,  cap.  Brunswick  co. 

N.  C.     P.  200. II.  p-v.,  cap.  De  Kalb 

CO.  Tenn. III.  p-v.,  cap.  Lawrence  co. 

Ark. IV.   a  township,  Chenango  co. 

N.  Y.,  15  m.  W.  Norwich.     P.  1,771.. 

Smoky  Bay,  an  inlet,  S.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia, immediately  N.W.  Stready  bay, 
Eyre  land.— /S?7io/i:y  point  is  a  headland, 
E.  Australia,  35  m.  N.E.  Port  Macquarie. 

Smolen,  an  isl.  of  Norway,  in  the  At- 
lantic ocean,  S.W.  Hitteroen,  &  18  miles 
N.N.E.  Christiansund.  L^  16  miles,  br. 
10  miles. 

Smolensk,  a  gov.  of  Russia.  Area, 
21,612  sq.  m.  P.  1,170,600.  Surface  un- 
dulating, &  in  some  parts  marshy.  Prin- 
cipal rivers,  the  Dnieper,  Dvina,  Gshat, 
Oka,  &  Iput. — Sraoler»sk,  the  cpp.  is  a 
fortified  town,  on  the  Dnieper,  250  m. 
W.S.W.  Moscow.  P.  13,000.  It  is  en- 
closed by  massive  walls,  &  is  the  see  of 
a  Russian  archbishop.  In  1838,  the  erec- 
tion of  an  iron  pyramid  was  commenced 
to  commemorate  the  resistance  made  by 
the  town  to  the  French  in  1812. 

Smoliany,  a  market  town  of  Russia, 
50  m.  N.N.W.  Moghilev.     P.  2,000. 

Smorgoni,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
45  m.  KS..E.  Vilna.  Here  in  1812,  Na- 
poleon left  his  army  under  command  of 
Murat,  &  returned  to  France. 

Smyrna,  a  famous  city  &  seaport  of 
Asia- Minor,  &  the  chief  commercial  em- 
porium of  W.  Asia,  Anatolia,  on  a  plain 
at  the  head  of  the  gulf  of  Smyrna,  & 
partly  upon  a  declivity  of  the  ancient 
Mons  Pagus,  which  is  crowned  by  a  cita- 
del, a  structure  of  the  13th  cent.  Esti- 
mated p.  150,000,  of  whom  80,000  are 
Turks,  40,000  Greeks,  15,000  Jews,  10,- 
000  Armenians,  &  5,000  Franks.  The 
Frank  &  Greek  quarters  extend  from 
about  2|  m.  along  the  shore ;  above  these 
is  the  Armenian  quarter  ;  &  the  Turks 
occupy  all  the  upper  parts  of  the  city, 
having  between  them  &  the  Armenians 
two  close  quarters  inhabited  by  the  Jews. 
Smyrna  has  claimed  to  be   the   birth- 


soe] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


^2i 


place  of  Homer.  In  1402,  it  was  ruined 
by  Timour.  It  suffered  severely  from 
fire  in  July  1845. — The  gulf  of  Smyrna, 
an  inlet  of  the  jEgean  sea,  extends  in- 
land for  45  m.,  the  breadth  of  its  en- 
trance 22  m.  It  has.in  most  parts  good 
anchorage,  &  ships  of  large  burthen  can 
anchor  close  to  the  quays  of  Smyrna 
near  its  E.  extremity.  It  contains  seve- 
ral isls.,  the  principal  of  which,  Long  or 
English  island,  is  5  m.  in  length. 

Smyrna,  a  tnshp.-,  Chenango  co.  N.  Y., 
103  m.  W.  Albany.     P.  1,940. 

Smythe,  S.W.  CO.  Va.  Area,  480  sq. 
m.     Cap.  Marion.     P.  8,162. 

Snapper  Island,  off  E.  Australia,  in 
Trinity  bay. 

Snares  Islands,  S.  Pacific  ocean,  S. 
New  Zealaad. 

Sneek,  or  Snits,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, prov.  Friesland,  cap.  dist.,  13  m. 
S.S.W.  Leeuwarden.     P.  7,203. 

Sniatyn,  or  Snyatin,  a  town  of  Aus- 
trian Poland,  Galicia,  24  m.  E.  Kolomea, 
on  the  Pruth.     P.  6,469. 

Snowdon,  the  most  lofty  mountain  of 
Wales  &  S.  Britain,  co.  &  10  m.  S.E.  Car- 
narvon. 

Snow  Hill,  p-v.,  cap.  Q-reene  co.  N.  C. 

II.  a  vill.  &,  port  of  Maryland,  cap. 

CO.  Worcester,  on  the  river  Pocomoke,  & 
the  peninsula  between  the  Atlantic  & 
Chesapeake  bay.     P.  800. 

Snow  Island,  New  S.  Shetland,  At- 
lantic ocean,  S.W.  Livingston's  Island,  is 
25  m.  long. 

Soa,  or  Soay,  an  island  of  the  inner 
Hebrides,  Scotland,  co.  Inverness. 

SoANA,  a  decayed  town  of  Tuscany. 

Soangheer,  a  town  of  British  India, 
40  m.  B.S.E.  Naundoorbar. 

Soar,  a  riv.  of  England,  joins  the  Trent. 

SoAVE,  a  fortfd.  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy, 
12  m.  B.  Verona.     P.  2,200. 

Soay  (Meikle  &  Little),  two  islets 
of  the  Outer  Hebrides,  Scotland,  co.  In- 
verness.  II.  a  small  island,  co. Suther- 
land. 

SoBERNHEiM,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 39  m.  S.  Coblenz.     P.  2,400. 

SoBiEsLAtr,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  23  m. 
N.N.E.  Budweis,  on  the  Luschnitz.  P. 
3,468. 

SoBOTKA,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circ. 
Bunzlau,  13  m.  E.N.E.  Jung-Bunzlau. 
P.  1,500. 

SoBRAL,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov.  &  130 

m.  W.N.W.  Ceara. II.  a  market  town 

of  Portugal,  23  m.  N.  Lisbon. 

SoBRAON,  a  town  of  N.W.  India. 

SocHAczEw,  a  town  of  Poland,  28  m. 
W.  Warsaw.    P.  2,600. 


Society  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Pa- 
cific ocean.  Estimated  p.  of  the  whole 
16,000,  (?)  many  of  whom  have  been 
converted  to  Christianity  by  missionaries. 
Papiete,  the  cap.  of  Tahiti,  is  resorted  to 
by  numerous  whalers  &  other  ships  for 
commercial  purposes. 

SocKNA,  a  walled  town  of  Cent.  Africa, 
Fezzan,  at  the  Tripoli  frontier.  P. 
3,000. 

SocoNUSco,  a  town  of  Central  Amer. 
The  prov.  Soconusco  consists  of  a  strip 
of  territory,  having  N.  the  Mexican  dep. 
Chiapas.     L.  120  m.,  av.  br.  40  m. 

Socorro,  a  town  of  S.  America,  New 
Granada,  65  m.  SS.W.  Pamplona.  P. 
12,000.  (?)— The  lake  of  Socorro  is  at 
the  head  of  the  brook  of  Keventado. 

SocoTRA,  an  isl.  in  the  Indian  ocean, 
120  m.  E.  Cape  Guardafui,  &  belonging 
to  Keshin,  a  petty^  state  of  Arabia,  about 
240  m.  distant.  Tamarida,  its  cap.,  is  on 
the  N.E.  coast  of  isl.  Length,  E.  to  W., 
70  m. ;  gr.  br.  20  m.  Area  estimated  at 
1,000  sq.  m.,  &pop.  5,000,  mostly  Bedou- 
ins, with  some  settled  Arabs,  Negroes, 
&  descendants  of  Portuguese.  Its  centre 
is  a  chain  of  granite  &  limestone  moun- 
tains rising  to  5,000  feet  in  height. 

SoDERFORS,  a  vill.  of  Sweden,  37  m. 
N.W.  Upsal,  on  an  island  in  the  Dal-elf. 

SoDERHAMN,  a  maritime  town  of 
Sweden,  42  m.  N.  Gefle,  on  an  inlet  of 
the  gulf  of  Bothnia.     P.  1,500. 

SoDERKOPiNG,  a  maritime  town  of 
Sweden,  &  25  m.  E.N.E.  Linkoping. 

SoDERMANNLAND,  an  old  prov.  of 
Sweden. 

SoDERO,  an  island  of  Sweden,  in  the 
Aland  strait.     L.  7  m.,  br.  3  m. 

SoDERTELGE,  a  town  of  Sweden,  18  m. 
S.W.  Stockholm.     P.  1,070. 

SoDus,  a  township,  Wayne  co.  New 
York,  on  Sodus  bay,  an  inlet  on  the  S. 
side  of  Lake  Ontario,  12  m.  N.  Lyons. 
P.  4,598. — Sodus  bay,  4  m.  in  length, 
has  at  its  entrance  the  port  of  Sodus 
point. 

SoEBOHG,  a  decayed  town  of  Denmark, 
island  Seeland,  on  a  small  lake,  10  m. 
N.W.  Elsinore. 

SoERABAYA,  a  Dutch  residency  of  the 
island  Java,  on  the  N.E.  coast.  P.  970,- 
000.  The  cap.  town,  Soerabaya,  is  on  the 
strait  of  Madura.     P.  60,000. 

SoERKARTA,  a  Dutch  residency  of  the 
island  Java,  near  its  centre.  P.  400,000. 
—Soerkarta,  or  Solo,  the  cap.,  on  the  So- 
lo riv.     P.  10,000. 

SoEBT,  or  SosT,  a  town  of  Prussian 
We.stphalia,  13  m.  N.N.E.  Arnsberg.  P. 
8,658. 


726 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[sol 


SoFAHtJN,  a  small  town  of  Cashmere, 
at  the  S.B.  extremity  of  the  valley,  with 
iron  mines. 

SoFALA,  a  town  &  river  of  E.  Africa  ; 
the  town,  on  the  river,  cap.  a  gov.  of  the 
Portuguese  captaincy-general  of  Mozam- 
bique. The  river  has  an  E.-ward  course 
estim.  at  200  m. 

SoFBU,  or  SoFOEO,  a  waMd  town  of 
Morocco,  kingdom  &  18  m.  S.S.E.  Fez. 

SoGAMA,  a  populous  town  of  Central 
Africa,  Bornou. 

SoGAMOso,  a  small  town  of  S.  America, 
New  Granada,  40  m.  N.W.  Tunja. 

SoGHANLi-su,  a  small  river  of  Asia- 
Minor,  Anatolia,  joins  the  Chati-su. 

SoGHD,  the  valley  of  the  Zer-afchan, 
or  river  of  Samarcand,  Bokhara.  It  is 
one  of  the  "four  paradises"  of  the  Per- 
sian poets. 

SoGLAH  (Lake),  Asia- Minor,  pash.  & 
63  m.  "W.  Karaman,  is  11m.  in  length ; 
br.  7  m. 

SoHAGEPOOH,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  S.W.  territory. 

SoHAM,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Cambridge.     P.  4,091. 

SoHAR,  a  town  of  Arabia,  dom.  &  120 
m.  W.N.W.  Muscat,  on  the  sea  of  Bab- 
el-Mandeb. 

SoHAUL,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Bengal. 

SoHL,  a  CO.  of  Hungary,  N.E.  the 
Danube.     P.  91,499.     Cap.  Neu-Sohl. 

SoHNA,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Bengal. 

SoHO,  a  suburb  of  Birmingham,  Eng- 
land. 

SoHKAu,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia.     P.  3,950. 

SoiGNiES,  a  town  of  Belgium,  on  the 
Sonne,  10  m.  N.N.B.  Mens  P.  6,350. 
The  Forest  of  Soignies,  S.E.  Brussels,  is, 
15  m.  in  length,  &  6  m.  in  breadth.  At 
its  S.  extremity  are  the  hamlet  of  Mont 
St.  Jean,  &  the  field  of  Waterloo. 

SoissoNs,  a  fortified  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aisne,  18  m.  S.W.  Laon,  on  1.  b.  of 
the  Aisne.  P.  7,900.  It  has  an  ancient 
castle,  two  ruined  abbeys,  a  college,  a 
cathedral,  manufs.  of  fine  carpets,  &  an 
extensive  trade  in  grain.  Clovis  made 
Soissons  his  residence  at  the  commence- 
ment of  his  reign. 

Soj,  or  SojA,  a  navig.  river  of  Russia, 
joins  the  Dnieper,  after  a  course  of  240  m. 

SoK,  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the  Volga. 
Course  130  m. 

SoKAL,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia,  33  miles  N.N.E.  Zolkiev,  on  the 
Bug.    P.  3,100. 

SoKo,  a  state  &  town  of  Guinea,  N. 


Ashantee. — Sokota  is  a  town  of  Abyssinia, 
state  Tigre.  100  m.  S.W.  Antalo. 

SoKOLKA,  a  market  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  22  m.  N.E.  Bialystok.    P.  2,400. 

II.  a  market  town,  7  m.  S.  Kobyli- 

aki. 

SoKOLovA,  &  SoKOLOvKA,  two  market 

towns  of  Russia. 1.  20  m.  S.  Kharkov. 

II.  22  m.  N.N.W.  Ilman. 

SoKOLOw,  a  town  of  Poland,  17  m.  N. 

Siedlec.    P.  3,035. II.  a  market  town 

of  Austria,  Galicia,  15  miles  N.N.E. 
Rzeszow.' 

SoLANA,  a  town  of  Spain,  27  miles  E. 
Ciudad-Real.     P.  4,375. 

SoLANDBR  Island,  an  istet  off  the 
S.W.  extremity  of  New  Zealand. — Cape 
Solander,  E.  Australia,  bounds  the  S. 
entrance  to  Botany  bay. 

SoLAPOOH,  a  town  of  India,  Deccan, 
66  m.  W.N.W.  Kulburga. 

SoLDAu,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  13  m 
S.W.  Neidenburg.     P.  1,800. 

SoLDiN,  a  walled  town  of  Prussia,  25 
m.  N.E.  Kustrin.     P.  4,860. 

SoLEc,  a  town  of  Poland,  28  m.  N.E. 
Opatow.     P.  1,800. 

SoLECHNiKi,  2  mkt.  towns  of  Russian 
Poland,  respectively  27  &  22  m.  S.  Vilna 

SoLEDEw,  a  town  of  N.W.  Hindostan, 
16  m.  N.W.  Purtabghur. 

SoLESBUEY,  t.,  Bucks  CO.  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware.     P.  2,038. 

SoLESMES,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Nord,  12  m.  E.  Cambrai. 
P.  4,868. 

Solent  (The),  is  that  part  of  the  sea 
between  the  Isle  of  Wight  &  the  main- 
land of  England.  Length,  18  m.  ;  av. 
breadth,  3  m. 

SoLERO,  a  market  town  of  N.  Italy, 
Piedmont,  6  m.  W.  Alessandria.  P.  of 
comm.  3.312. — Soleto  is  a  market  town 
of  Naples,  15  m.  W.  Otranto.     P.  2,000. 

SoLEURE,  a  canton  of  Switzerland,  in  its 
N.W.  part.  Area,  255  sq.m.  P.  63,196.— 
Soleure,  the  cap.,  is  situated  on  the  Aar, 
iere  crossed  by  two  wooden  bridges,  at 
the  foot  of  the  Jura,  19  m.  N.N.E.  Bern. 
P.  4,647.  It  has  a  handsome  cathedral, 
a  college,  a  public  library,  &  a  botanic 
garden.  Here  Kosciusko  died  16th  Oct., 
1817.  Near  it  are  the  chateau  of  Wal- 
degy,  the  hermitage  of  St.  Veren,  &  the 
baths  of  Weissenstein. 

SoLFAcM,  a  small  port  of  S.  Wales,  co. 
Pembroke. 

SoLFATARA,  a  Small  lake  of  Central 
Italy,  Pontif  sta.,  4  m.  W.  Tivoli.  It  is 
now  about  500  feet  across,  but  was  an- 
ciently much  larger.  Near  it  are  the 
ruined  baths  of  Agrippa. 


som] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETl'EER. 


727 


Sol-Galitzkoi,  a  town  of  Russia,  100 
m.  N.lSr.E.  Kostroma.     P.  2,000. 

SonGifAc,  two  comms.  &  small  towns 

of  France. 1,  dep.  H.  Vienne,  5  m.  S. 

Limoges.     P.  2,651. II.  {sur  Loire), 

dep.  H.  Loire,  5  m.  S.  Le  Puy.  P.  1,053. 
— Soligny  is  a  comm.  &  town,  dep.  Orne, 
6  m.  N.  Mortagne.  P.  883.  Near  it  was 
the  convent  of  La  Trappe,  suppressed 
in  1790. 

Solihull,   a  town  of  England,   co.  & 

13  m.  N.W.' Warwick.     P.  3,401. 
Solikamsk,  a  town  of  Eussia,  115  m. 

N.  Perm.     P.  4,000. 

SoLiMOENs,  a  name  of  the  Amazon 
river,  Brazil. 

SoLiNGEN,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 

14  m.  E.S.E.  Diisseldorf.     P.  6,320. 
Solitary  Island,    S.   Pacific   ocean. 

II.  Indian  ocean,  in  lat.  49°  50'  S., 

Ion.  68°  5'  E. III.  E.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia. 

SoLLER,  a  town  of  the  island  Majorca, 
on  its  N.W.  coast,  with  a  port  on  the 
Mediterranean,  14  miles  N.  Palma.  P. 
6,990. 

Sollies  (le  Pont),  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Var,  8  m.  N.E.  Toulon. 
P.  2,488. 

SoLMs,  an  old  principality  of  Germany, 
situated  in  the  Lahn. 

SoLNiTZ,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  18  m.  E. 
Koniggratz.     P.  1,444. 

SoLOFRA,  a  town  of  Naples,  7  m.  S.E. 
Avellino.     P.  5,400. 

SoLOGNE,  an  old  dist.  of  France,  now 
comprised  in  the  deps.  Loir-et-Cher,  & 
Loiret. 

SoLOLA,  a  town  of  Central  America, 
state  &  85  miles  N.W.  Guatemala.  P. 
5,000.('?) 

SoLOMBO  (Great  &  Little),  two  small 
islands  in  the  Java  sea,  lat.  of  Great 
Solombo. 

SoLOMESTs,  a  market  town  of  Russia, 
93  m.  N.N.W.  Vilna. 

Solomon,  a  group  in  the  Pacific  ocean, 
between  lat.  5°  &  12°  S.,  &  Ion.  154°  & 
163°  E.  Principal  islands,  Bouka,  Bou- 
gainville, Choiseul,  St.  Ysabel,  Guadal- 
canar,  the  Arsacides,  Malaita,  &  St. 
Christoval.     P.  comprises  both  Malays  & 

Papuan  negroes. II.  a  group  of  11 

islets,  Indian  ocean,  N.  the  Chagos  isls., 
a  dependency  of  the  Mauritius. 

Solon,  several  townships,  U.  S. 1. 

Cortland  co.  N.  Y.,   12  m.  E.  Cortland. 

P.  1,150. II.  Somerset  CO.  Me.,  41  m. 

N.  Augusta.    P.  1,139. 

SoLONOTsHA,  a  town  of  Russia,  112  m. 
■W.N.W.  Poltava. 

SoLOR,  an  island  of  the  Malay  archip., 


off  the  E.  extremity  of  Flores,  separated 
from  it  by  the  strait  of  Flores.  L.  E.  to 
"W.  30  m. ;  br.  15  m. 

SoLOTiviNA,  a  town  of  Austria,  Galicia. 
P.  2,500. 

SoLOVETZKOi,  an  island  of  Russia,  in 
the  "White  sea,  100  m.  N.W.  Onega.  L. 
15  m. ;  br.  10  m. 

Solre-le-Ch.4Tbau,  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Nord,  9  m.  N.E.  Avesnes. 
P.  2,289. 

SoLsoNA,  a  walled  town  of  Spain,  55 
m.  N.E.  Lerida.     P.  2,156. 

SoLT,  a  town  of  Central  Hungary,  48 
m.  S.  Pesth,  near  the  Danube.     P.  6,949. 

SoLTA,  an  isl.  of  Dalmatia.  L.  N.W. 
to  S.E.,  10  m.,  br.  2  miles.     P.  1,300. 

SoLVESBEHG,  an  ancient,  &  formerly 
important  marit.  town  of  S.  Sweden,  & 
37  m.  W.  Carlskrona.     P.  1,050. 

SoLviTCHEGODSK,  a  towu  of  Russia, 
268  m.  N.E.  Vologda,  on  the  Vitchegda. 
P.  2,500. 

SoLwAY  FiRTH,  a  large  marine  inlet, 
stretching  from  the  Irish  sea  N.E.-ward 
between  England  &  Scotl.  Breadth  at 
entrance,  between  St.  Bees  head  &  Bal- 
curry  Point,  24  miles.  It  extends  inland 
for  about  38  m.,  progressively  diminish- 
ing in  breadth  to  IJ  m. — Solway  Moss 
is  a  drained  area  about  7  mil-es  in  circ, 
in  the  co.  Cumberland. 

Soma,  a  small  town  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia,  25  m.  E.  Bergamo. 

SoMAiN,  a.  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Nord.     P.  2,488. 

SoMBREFFE,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  13  m. 
W.N.W.  Namur.     P.  2,000. 

SoMBRERETE,  a  town  of  the  Mexican 
confed.,  dep.  &  85  m.  N.W.  Zacatecas. 
Near  it  are  rich  silver  mines. 

Sombrero,  an  islet  of  the  British  W. 
Indies,  about  midway  between  Anguilla 

&  the  Virgin  islands. II.    a  vill.,  S. 

America,  Venezuela,  dep.  &  70  m.  S.S.W. 
Caracas. 

Someisat,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
pash.  Marash,  on  the  Euphrates,  50  m. 
N.E.  Bir. 

SoMEREiN,  a  mkt.  town  of  W.  Hun- 
gary, CO.  &  12  m.  S.E.  Presburg,  on  the 
island  Great  Schlitt. 

SoMERs,  town,  Hartford  CO.  Conn. 

n.  t.,  Westchester  CO.  N.  Y.  P.  1,722. 
IIL  t.,  Preble  co.  0.     P.  1,820. 

Somerset,  a  div.  of  the  Cape  Colony, 
S.Africa.     Area,  4,000  sq.  m.     P.  5,200. 

II.  the  cap.  vill.  of  this  div.,  80  m. 

N.W.  Graham  Town,   at  the  base  of  the 

Bosch-Berg. III.  a  co.  of  Tasmania 

(Van  Diemen's  Land),  in  its  E.  part. 
Principal  towns,   Campbell  town,  Ross, 


728 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGKAPHY. 


[son 


Lincoln,  &  Auburn. — North  Somerset  is 
a  tract  in  the  Arctic  region  of  British  N. 
Amer.,  forming  the  N.  part  of  Boothia- 
Felix. IV.  CO.  Maine,  in  its  N.  part, 

on  the  Kennebec  riv.,  cap.  Norridjewoek. 

Area,  3,600  sq.  m.    P.  35,581. V.  co. 

N.  J.,  near  its  centre.     Area,  275  sq.  m. 

cap.  Jamesville.      P.   19,688. VI.  a 

S.W.  CO.  Pa.    Area,  1,000  sq.  m.     P.  24,- 

416.     The  cap.  is  Somerset  p-b. VIL 

S.E.   CO.   Md.     Area,    500  sq.  m.     Cap. 

Princess  Anne.     P.  22,456. VIII.  t., 

Bristol  CO.  Mass.     P.  1,005. IX.  t., 

Niagara  co.  N  Y.      P.  2,154. X.  t., 

Washing.ton  co.  Pa.    P.  1,620. XI.  t., 

CO.  Somerset,  with  2,711  inhabs.,  &  a  bor., 
cap.  CO.,  on  Cox's  creek,  115  m.  W.S.W. 

Harrisburg.      P.  638. XII.   t.,  Ohio, 

cap.  Perry  co.     P.  947. XIII.  town, 

Belmont  co.  0.    P.  1,933. XIV.  p-v., 

cap.  Pulaski  co.  Ky.     P.  300. 

Somersetshire,  a  marit.  co.  of  the 
W.  of  Engl.,  having  N.  the  Bristol  chan- 
nel. Area,  1,645  sq.  m.  P.  456,237. 
Coast  line  &  surface  very  much  diver- 
sified, &  highly  picturesque. 

SoMERSHAM,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Huntingdon.     P.  1,517. 

SoMEHswoRTH,  a  townsHp,  Strafford 
CO.  New  Hampshire,  33  m.  E.  Concord. 
P.  4,943.  It  includes  the  vill.  of  Great 
iFalls,  with  2,500  inhabs.,  many  cotton  & 
woollen  factories. 

SoMERTON,  a  market  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Somerset.  P.  1,986.  Town  built  of 
blue  lias  stone,  was,  during  the  heptar- 
chy, fortified,  &  a  residence  of  the  Yi. 
Saxon  kings.  Its  ancient  royal  castle 
is  now  a  co.  jail. 

SoMESviLLE,  p-v.,  cap.  Somerset  co. 

N.  J.     P.  850. II.  cap.   Morgan  co. 

Ala.     P.  300. III.  p-v.,  cap.  Fayette 

CO.  Tenn.  P.  800.  Somerville  college  is 
located  here. 

SoMMA,  2  towns  of  Italy. 1.  Lom- 

bardy,  4  m.  S.E.  Lago  Maggiore.  P. 
3,890.  It  has  Koman  antiquities,  & 
was  the  place  where  the  Romans,  under 
Scipio,  were  defeated  by  Hannibal,  short- 
ly after  his  passage  of  the  Alps. II.  9 

m.  E.  Naples,  at  the  foot  of  Monte-Som- 
ma,  the  N.  flank  of  Mount  Vesuvius.  P. 
7,400. — Somma  Campagna  is  a  vill.  of 
Austrian  Italy,  8  m.  W.S.W.  Verona. 

SoMMARiVA,  two  comms.,  &c.,  of  Pied- 
mont.  1,  (del  Bosco),  a  town,  8  miles 

S.E.  Carmagnola.  P.  5,333. II.  {Par- 
no),  contiguous  on  the  N.E.     P.  1,995. 

SoMME,  a  river  of  France,  enters  the 
English  channel.  Chief  affl."  the  Arve, 
onl.    L.  115  m. 

SoKME,  a  marit.  dep.  of  France,  in  the 


N.W.,  formed  of  part  of  the  old  prov. 
Picardy.  Area,  2,368  sq.m.  P.  570,641. 
Surface  flat.  The  Somme  is  the  only 
river  of  importance. 

SoMMEE,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan,  9 
m.  S.E.  Rahdunpoor. 

SoMMEN,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  15  m.  E. 
Lake  Wetter.     L.  25  m.,  br.  8  m. 

SoMMERDA,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  13  m.  N.N.E.  Erfurt.     P.  3,330. 

SoMMERFELD,  a  towu  of  Prussia,  44 
m.  S.S.E.  Frankfiirt.    P.  3,648. 

SoMMiERES,  acomm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.   Gard,    14   m.  W.S.W.   Nimes.     P. 

3,623. II.  a  comm.  &  vilL,  dep.  Vi- 

enne,  9  m.  N.N.E.  Civray.    P.  1,000. 

SoMNAUTH,  a  marit.  town  of  W.  Hin- 
dostan, Baroda  dom.,  in  the  peninsula 
of  Gujerat,  28  m.  N.W.  Dieu  Head,  & 
famous  for  a  temple  which  was  long  a 
principal  place  of  Hindoo  pilgrimage,  & 
celebrated  for  its  vast  wealth.  The  ori- 
ginal temple  was  sacked  by  Mahmood  of 
Ghuznee  in  1024,  &  its  gates  carried  to 
Ghuznee,  where  they  were  afterwards 
attached  to  Mahmood's  tomb. 

SoMOREOSTRO,  a  vill.  of  Spain,  15  m. 
N.W.  Bilbao,  with  a  fortified  harbor  on 
the  bay  of  Biscay. — Sofnoserra  is  a  vill., 
40  m.  N.W.  Guadalaxara,  where  on  30tli 
Nov.  1803,  the  French  routed  an  army 
of  12,000  Spaniards,  &  opened  to  Napo- 
leon the  route  tp  Madrid. 

Somostze,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  63 
m.  N.W.  Kharkov. 

SoNAiL,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  56  m. 
S.  Kotah. 

SoNciNO,  a  market  town  of  Lombardy. 
— Sondalo  is  a  vill.,  prov.  &  22  m.  N.E. 
Sondrio. 

SoNDERBORG,  a  scaport  town  of  Den- 
mark, on  the  S.W.  side  of  the  isl.  Alsen. 
P-  3,300. 

SoNDERSHAusEN,  a  town  of  Central 
Germany,  28  m.  N.N.W.  Erfurt.  P. 
3,500. 

Sondrio,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy,  on 
the  Mallero,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Adda, 
34  miles  N.E.  Bergamo.  P.  4,500.  Its 
deleg.  between  the  Grisons  &  the  Tyrol 
has  an  area  of  1,100  sq.  m.     P.  97,000. 

SoNE,  a  riv.  of  India,  tributary  to  the 
Ganges,  which  it  joins  25  m.  W.  Patna, 
after  a  N.E.  course  of  440  m. 

SoNEHUT,  a  town  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid.  Bengal,  45  m.  S.  Saipoor. — So7ie- 
kutch  is  a  town,  Gwalior  dom. 

SoNEPoOR,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

SoNEPUT,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Bengal,  27  m.  N.W.  Delhi. 

SoNGARi,  a  river  of  Manchooria,  joins 


sop] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


•729 


the  Amoor  or  Sagbalin  riv.  Total  course 
estim.  at  800  m. 

SoNGEONs,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Oise,  12  m.  N.W.  Beauvais. 
P.  1,082. 

SoNG-KiANG,  a  city  of  China,  30  miles 
S.W.  Su-chew. 

SoNGROOR,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

SoNHo,  a  town  of  S.W.  Africa,  Congo, 
on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Zaire^ 

SoNMEANEE,  a  seaport  town  of  Beloo- 
chistan,  on  the  N.E.  near  the  frontier  of 
Scinde.  P.  2,000.  It  consists  of  about 
500  wretched  houses. 

SoNNEBERG,  a  towu  of  Germany,  12  m. 
N.E.  Coburg.     P.  3,782. 

SoNNENBUHG,  a  towu  of  Prussia,  19 
m.  N.N.E.  Frankfiirt,  on  the  Lonitz.  P. 
3,100. 

SoNNENWALDE,  a  town  of  Prussia,  II 
m.  S.S.W.  Luckau.     P.  1,000. 

SoNORA,  the  most  N.AV.  dep.  of  the 
Mexican  confed.,  W.  the  gulf  of  Califor- 
nia. Principal  towns,  Arispe  the  cap., 
Sonora,  Guaymas,    Horcasites,    Pitie,  & 

Oposura. II.  a  town  of  this  dep.,  on 

the  river  Sonora,  35  m.  S.  Arispe.  P. 
8,000.  Near  if  are  some  silver  mines. — 
The  river  Sonora,  giving  name  to  the 
dep.,  has  a  S.W.  &  W.  course,  &  enters 
an  inland  lake.  Lit.  29°  30' N.,  Ion.  111° 
W.     Total  length  about  300  m. 

SoNSBECK,  a  town  of  Ehenish  Prussia, 
33  m.  N.N.W.  Diisseldorf,  on  the  Sons, 
P.  1,470. 

SoNsoN,  a  town  of  S.  America,  New 
Granada,  75  m.  S.S.E.  Antioquia. 

SoNsoNATE,  a  town  of  Cent.  America, 
state  &  50  m.  W.S.W.  San  Salvador.  P. 
10,000.  It  is  in  one  of  the  richest  dists.  of 
the  state,  &  has  some  superb  churches. 

SoNTHOFEN,  a  mkt.  town  of  Bavaria, 
4  m.  SE.  Immenstadt,  on  the  lUer,  with 
1,863  inhabs. 

SoNTRA,  a  town  of  Germanj',  H-  Cas- 
sel,  prov.  Lower  Hessen,  25  m.  S.E.  Cas- 
sel.     P.  1,746. 

SoNYE,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  Eajpoo- 
tana,  20  m.  N.N.E.  Ahmednuggur. 

SooKEBTAL,  a  fortified  town  of  British 
India,  presid.  Bengal,  on  the  Ganges,  35 
m.  S.W.  Hurdwar. 

SooKSAGOR,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  &  prov.  Bengal,  31  miles  N.  Cal- 
cutta. 

SooKULTEERUT,  a  town  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Bombay,  8  m.  from  Baroach,  on 
the  Nerbuddah. 

SooLOO  (or  Suluk)  Islands,  a  group 
of  above  60  islands  in  the  E.  archipelago, 
between  Mindanao  (Philippines),  &  the 
81* 


N.E.  extremity  of  Borneo,  lat  5°  to  7° 
N.,  Ion.  120°  to  122°  30'  E.  Principal  isl., 
Cagayan  Sooloo,  in  their  centre,  is  36  m. 
in  length,  &  12  m.  in  breadth,  &  the 
town  Soong,  on  its  N.  coast,  is  the  resi- 
dence o|  a  sultan  whose  authority  ex- 
tends over  the  rest  of  the  group.  Pearls, 
mother  of  pearl,  &  cowries  are  plentiful. 
These  islands  have  been  long  noted  for 
piracy. — The  Sooloo  sea,  or  sea  of  Min- 
doro  extends  between  lat.  5°  &  10°  N., 
&lon.  117°  &  123°  E. 

SooNAM,  a  town  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid. Bengal. 

SooNDA,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Bombay. 

SooNDERSEE,  a  town.  Cent.  India.  21 
m.  S.W.  Shujawulpoor. 

SooNDOOR,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras. 

SooNERGONG,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  &  prov.  Bengal,  13  miles  E.S.E. 
Dacca. 

SooNGHUR,  a  town  of  India,  in  a  de- 
tached dist.  of  the  Baroda  dom. 

SooNGNUM,  a  large  &  populous  vill.  of 
Tibet. 

SooNKAUR  (Sancara),  a  town  of  India, 
Deccan. 

SooNTH,  a  town  &  fort  of  W.  Hindos- 
tan, 40  m.  S.  Dongarpoor. 

SoopooR,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  62  miles  N.B.  Goruck- 
poor. 

SooRMAH,  a  river  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  after  a  W.  &  S.  course  of 
200  m.  joins  the  Barak. 

SooHUJGHUK,  a  town  of  N.W.  Hindos- 
tan, 13  m.  S.S.E.  Belaspore. —  Sooruj- 
poor  is  a  town,  presid.  Bengal,  20  m.  S.E. 
Delhi. 

SooRY,  a  town  of  British  India,  presid. 
Bengal,  53  m.  S.W.  Moorshedabad. 

SoosNEER,  a  town  of  Central  India, 
41  m.  W.  Rajghur. 

SooTHiLL,  a  tnship.  of  England,  co. 
York,  W.  Riding,  5  m.  N.W.  Wakefield. 
P.  4,453. 

Sooty,  a  town  of  British  India,  presid. 
Bengal. 

SoPETRAN,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  New 
Granada,  10  miles  S.  Antioquia,  on  the 
Cauca. 

Sophia,  a  city  of  European  Turkey, 
Bulgaria,  on  the  grand  route  from  Con- 
stantinople to  Belgrade,  85  m.  S.E.  Nissa. 

P.  50,000.(1) II.  a  town,  Russia,  gov. 

&  16  ra.  S.  St.  Petersburg.  P.  1,000. 
Near  it  is  the  imperial  palace  Zarskoe- 
Selo. 

SopuH,  a  town  of  Cashmere,  20  miles 
W.N.W.  Serinagur. 


•730 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[sot 


SoRA,  a  city  of  Naples,  on  the  Garig- 
liano,  15  m.  E.N.E.  Frosinone  (Pontif. 
8ta.).  P.  8,000.— iS'ora7io  is  a  vill.  of 
Tuscany,  4  m.  N.E.  Pitigliano.     P.  3,800. 

SoKATA,  one  of  the  principal  peaks  of 
the  Andes,  Bolivia,  65  m.  N.  La  Paz. 
Height  above  the  ocean,  21,286  ft. 

SoRAu,  a  town  of  Prussia,  56  m.  S.S.E. 
Frankfurt.     P.  6,740. 

SoHBAs,  a  town  of  Spain,  25  m,  E,N.E, 
Almeria.     P.  5,422. 

SoRCY,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Meuse,  4  m.  S.S.E.  Com- 
mercy,  on  the  Meuse.     P.  1,489. 

SoRDEs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Landes,  13  m.  S.  Dax.  P.  1,386.— 
Sordevolo  is  a  vill.  &  comm.  of  Piedmont, 
5  m.  W.N.W.  Biella.     P,  2,127. 

SoRDi,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Crete. 

Sore,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of  France, 
dep,  Landes,  28  m.  N.  Mont-de-Marsan. 
P.  1,740. 

SoREL,  a  town  of  Lower  Canada,  dist. 
Montreal,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Richelieu 
river,  35  S.W.  Three  Rivers. 

SoRELL,  a  town  of  Tasmania  (Van 
Diemen's  Land),  co.  Pembroke. 

SoREsiNA,  a  market  town  of  Lombardy, 
14  m.  N.W.  Cremona.     P.  5,000. 

SoREzE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Tarn.     P.  1,559. 

SoRGUE,  a  small  river  of  France,  rises 
in  a  celebrated  fountain  in  the  dep.  Vau- 
cluse,  joins  the  Rhone,  after  a  W,  course 
of  20  m. 

SoRGUEs,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Vaucluse.    P.  2,228. 

SoHiA,  a  city  of  Spain,  51  m.  S.S.E. 
Logrono.    P.  3,372. 

Soriano,  two  mkt.  towns  of  Italy. 

I.  Pontif.  sta.,  7  m.  E.  Viterbo.     P.  2,490. 

II.  Naples,  8   m.  S.E.  Monteleone. 

P.  3,000. — Soriasco  is  a  market  town  of 
Piedmont,  15  m.  E.  Voghera.  P.  (with 
comm.)  1,632. 

SoRLiN  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ain,  17  miles  N.W.  Belley. 

P.   1,331. IL   a  vill.,  dep.  Saone-et- 

Loire,  5  m.  "W.N.W.  Macon. 

SoRLiNGUEs,  French  name  of  Scilly 
Isles. 

SoHNAc,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Corr^ze,  10  m.  N.N.W. 
Ussel.  P.  1,716. — Sornay  is  a  comm.  & 
vill.,  dep.  SaOne-et- Loire,  5  m.  W.  Lou- 
hans.     P.  1,500. 

Sorocaba,  a  town  of  Brazil,  50  miles 
"W.S.W.  San  Paulo.,    P.  12,000. 

Soroe,  a  town  of  Denmark,  island 
Seeland,  on  the  small  lake  of  Soroe,  18 
miles  B.N.E,  Corsoer.    P.  856. II.  a 


large  island  of  Norway,  off  the  N.  coast 
of  Finmark,  &  separated  by  Soroe  sound 
from  the  island  Seeland. 

SoROH,  a  town  of  British  India,  presid. 
Bengal. 

SoROKA,  a  vill.  of  Russia,  170  m.  W. 
Archangel,    on    a    rocky  island    in    the 

White  sea. II.  a  market  town,  on  the 

Dniester. 

SoROTCHiNSKAJA,  a  strong  fort  of 
Russia,  45  m.  S.E.  Bouzoulouk.  P. 
1,600.  - 

SoRRAPOOR,  a  town  of  India,  Deccan, 
75  m.  S.E.  Bejapoor. 

SoEREL  Hill,  a  mntn.  of  Ireland,  oo. 
Wicklow.     Height  1,915  feet. 

Sorrento,  a  maritime  town  of  Naples, 
7  m.  S.W.  Castellamare.  P.  10,000.— 
The  Piano  di  Sorrento,  bordering  its 
bay,  has  numerous  vills.,  with  orange  & 
lemon  groves. — The  promontory  of  Sor- 
rento, between  the  bays  of  Naples  &  Sa- 
lerno, 15  miles  in  length,  terminates  in 
Cape  Campanello,  opposite  Capri. 

SoRso,  a  market  town  of  the  island 
Sardinia,  div.  &  6  m.  N.  Sassari.  P.  of 
comm.  4,073. 

Sortelha,  a  fortified  town  of  Portu- 
gal, 7  m.  E.  Belmonte. 

Sos,  a  walled  town  of  Spain,  56  m- 
N.N.W.  Zaragoza.     P.  2,822. 

SosA,  a  mkt.  town,  Saxony.     P.  1,757. 
SosNA,  two  rivers  of  European  Russia, 

affluents  of   the    Don. 1,  gov.  Orel, 

after  an  E.  course  of  130  m.,  joins  the 

Don. II.  after  an  E.  course  of  100 

m.,  joins  the  Don,  16  m.  N.E.  Ostrogoisk. 
SosNiTZA,  a  town  of  Russia,  64  m,  E. 
Tchernigov,  cap.  circ.     P.  5,000. 

SospELLO,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Sard, 
sta.,  div.  &  16  m.  N.ETNice,  cap.  mand  , 
on  the  Bevera.     P.  of  comm.  4,000. 

SosvA,    two   rivers    of  Siberia. 1. 

gov.  Perm,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  170  m. 

joins  the^  Lovda  to  form  the  Tavda. 

II.  gov.  Tobolsk,  joins  the  Obe  from  the 
W.  at  Berezov,  after  a  course  of  350  m. 

Soto-la-Marina,  a  vill.  of  the  Mexi- 
can confederation,  25  m.  W.  its  muuth 
in  the  gulf  of  Mexico. 

Soto-Mayor,  a  town  of  N.W.  Spain,  8 
m.  S.E.  Pontevedro.     P.  1,790.  , 

Sotteghem,   a  market  town   of  Bel- 
gium, 13  m..S.S.B.  Ghent,     P.  1,600. 
Sotteville,  several  corams.   &  vills. 

of  France,  dep.  Seine  Inf.,  &c. 1.  (Jes 

Rouen),   4  m.  S.  Rouen.     P.  3,971. 

II.  {sur  Mer),  near  the  English  chiirinel. 
P.  3,877. 

Sotto  Marina,  the  most  S.  of  the 
islands  in  the  Venetian  lagoon,  N.  Italj', 
15  m.  S.  Venice. 


J 


sou] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


731 


SoTUTA,  a  town  of  Yucatan,  60  m.  S.E. 
Merida,  &  pretty  well  built. 

SouBisE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Charente  Inf.  P.  678.  It  has  min- 
eral springs  in  its  vicinity. 

Soudan,  two  comms.  &  vills.  of  France. 

1,    dep.  Deux-Sevres,    12    m.  N.E. 

Melle.     P.  834. II.    dep.  Loire  Inf. 

P.  2,161. — Souday  is  a  comm.  <fc  vill., 
dep.  Loir-et-Cher,  18  miles  N.W.  Ven- 
dOme.     P.  1,483. 

SouFFLENHEiM,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Bas-Rhin.     P.  3,035. 

SouFRiERE  (La),  a  volcano  of  Guade- 
loupe. 

SouGE,    several   comms.  &  vills.   of 

France. 1,    dep.    Sarthe.      P.    1,450. 

II.  dep.  Loiret-Cher,  15  m.  W.  Ven- 

dome.     p.  1,275. 

SouHEGAN,  r.,  N.  H.,  enters  the  Mer- 
rimae. 

Soui,  various  towns  of  the  Chines^  em- 
pire.  1.  China,  95  m.  N.N.W.  Vou- 

chang. ^^11.  Chinese  Turkestan,  190  m. 

W.N.W.  Urumtsi. III.  20  m.  N.E.  Hi. 

SouiLLAc,  a  comm.  ^  town  of  France, 
dep.  Lot,  cap.  cant.,  30  miles  N.  Cahors. 
P.  2,243. — Souilly  is  a  comm.  &  market 
town,  dep.  Meuse,  18  m.  N.N.E.  Bar-le- 
Duc.     P.  956. 

Sou-uj-BoLAK,  a  town  of  N.  Persia, 
20  m.  S.  Lake  Urumiyah,  on  a  river 
which  loses  itself  in  a  marshy  lake,  12 
m.  N.-ward.  It  consists  of  about  1,200 
houses. 

SouLTz,  several  comms.  &  small  towns 

of  France  in  the  Rhine,  deps. 1,  dep. 

H.  Rhin.     P.  3,090. II.  (Jes  Bains), 

dep.  B.  Rhin,  11  m.  W.  Strasbourg,  with 

mineral  baths  &  958  inhab. III.  {sous 

Fm-ets),  dep.  B.  Rhin,  7  m.  S.W.  Wissem- 
bourg.  P.  1,877. — Soultzmatt  is  a  comm. 
&  mkt.  town,  dep.  H.  Rhin.     P.  2,475.. 

Sound  (The),  a  narrow"  strait  between 
Denmark  (island  Seeland)  &  Sweden, 
which  connects  the  Baltic  with  the  Katte- 
gat &  North  sea.  L.  N.  to  S.,  30  m. ; 
br.  at  its  narrowest  point  3  m.  The 
Danish  sovereigns  formerly  possessed  the 
territory  on  both  sides  of  the  strait,  & 
they  have  ever  since  continued  to  main- 
tain the  privilege  of  exacting  toll  from 
all  foreign  vessels  passing  through  it  at 
Helsingor.  In  1849,  9,601  ships  entered 
the  sound  from  the  North  sea,  &  9,358 
cleared  out  from  the  Baltic. 

SouPLET  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Nord.     P.  1,527. 

SouppEs,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Marne,  15  m.  S.  Fontaine- 
bleau.     P.  1,523. 

SouE,  or  TsouE,  Tyre,  a  seaport  town 


of  Syria,  pash.  &  28  m.  N.N.E.  Acre,  on 
the  E.  part  of  a  peninsula,  about  1  mile 
in  length,  which  in  antiquity  was  the 
insular  site  of  the  famous  marit.  city  of 
Tyre. 

SouRABAYA,  a  seaport  town  of  Java, 
cap.  one  of  the  three  provs.  into  which 
the  island  is  divided  by  the  Dutch,  on  its 
N.  coast,  opposite  the  island  Madura,  & 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Kadiii.  P.  60,000. 
It  has  a  handsome  government  house,  a 
mint,  &  large  storehouses.  Its  harbor  is 
the  best  in  Java. 

SouRBOURG,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  B.  Rhin.     P.  2,081. 

SouRDEVAL-LA  Barre,  a  comm.  & 
market  town  of  France,  dep.  Manche,  5 
m.  N.E.  Mortain.     P.  1,446. 

SouRE,  a  market  town  of  Portugal,  13 
m.  N.N.W.  Pombal.     P.  1,500. 

SouRRERA,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras. 

SousTONs,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Landes,  14  miles  W.N.W. 
Dax.     P.  2,783. 

SouTERHAiNE  (La),  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Creuse,  19  miles  W.N.W. 
Gueret.     P.  1,966. 

SouTHAM,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Warwick.     P.  1,670. 

South  Amboy,  a  t.,  Middlesex  co. 
New  Jersey,  at  the  head  of  Raritan  bay, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Raritan,  &  on  the 
Camden  &  Amboy  railway,  2  miles  S. 
Perth  Amboy.  P.  1,825.  It  has  a  large 
manuf.  of  stone-wares,  &  a  good  harbor, 
whence  steamers  ply  regularly  to  New 
York. 

Southampton  (County  of),  or  Hants, 
a  maritime  co.  of  England,  having  S. 
the  English  channel.  Area,  including  the 
Isle  of  Wight,  1,625  sq.  m.  The  ranges 
of  the  N.  &  S.  downs  traverse  the  co. 
being  on  the  W.  offsets  from  the  table- 
land of  Salisbury  plain,  &  on  the  E.  con- 
tinuous with  the  downs  of  Sussex  &  Sur- 
rey. P.  402,033.  —II.  a  seaport  town, 
&  CO.  of  England,  in  the  S.  part  of  the 
CO.  Hants,  occupying  a  peninsula  between 
the  mouths  of  the  Test  &  Itchin  rivers, 
at  the  head  of  Southampton  water,  72 
m.  S.W.  London.  Its  external  appear- 
ance, especially  from  a  distance  at  sea, 
is  highly  prepossessing.  On  the  N.  road 
it  is  entered  by  a  noble  avenue  of  trees  ; 
&  its  main  street,  upwards  of  1  m.  in 
length,  equals  in  beauty  almost  any  in 
London.  P.  34,092.  The  new  docks,  on 
the  E.  of  the  town,  opened,  in  1842,  have 
an  area  of  208  acres,  &  have  admitted 
steamers  of  more  than  700  tons  burden. 
Reg.  shipping  of  port  4,965  tons.    Here 


Y32 


CyCLOP-(EDIA    OF    GEOGKAFHY. 


[sou 


are  some  manufs.  of  silks  &  carpets,  but 
ship-building  &  general  commerce  are 
the  chief  sources  of  wealth.  Southamp- 
ton is  a  place  of  fashionable  resort  lu 
summer. — Southampton  water  is  a  fine 
inlet,  stretching  from  the  Solent  &  Spit- 
head,  N.W.  into  the  interior  of  Hamp- 
shire for  about  11  m.;  greatest  br.  about 
2  m. III.  a  CO.,  in  S.E.  part  of  Vir- 
ginia.    Area,  648  sq.  miles.     P.  .13,521. 

Cap.   Jerusalem. IV.   t.,   Hampshire 

CO.  Mass.    P.  1,157. V.  p-t.,  .Suffolk 

CO.  N.  Y.     P.  6.501. VI.  t.,  Bucks  co. 

Pa.      P.   1,256. VII.  t.,  Cumberland 

CO.  Pa.     P.  1,484. VIII.  t.,  Franklin 

CO.  Pa.     P.  1,703. IX.  t..  Bedford  co. 

Pa.    P.  1,513. 

Southampton  Island,  British  North 
America,  on  the  !N^  side  of  Hudson  bay. 
Cape  Southampton  forms  its  S.  extremity. 

South  AIjsthalia,  a  British  colony, 
the  territory  of  which  comprises  all  that 
part  of  Australia  extending  from  lat.  26° 
S.  to  the  S.  coast  of  the  continent,  betw. 
Ion.  132°  &  141°  E.,  having  S.E.  the  col- 
ony of  Victoria,  or  Port-Phillip  (Austra- 
lia Felix),  &  E.  the  region  watered  by 
the  Murray  &  its  tributaries.  Area 
roughly  estimated  at  300,000  sq.  m.  P. 
100,000  of  European  descent,  &  rapidly 
increasing  ;  aboriginal  p.  3,680.  The 
vine,  olive,  &  mulberry,  oranges,  lemons, 
peaches,  pomegranates,  &  many  other 
fine  fruits,  come  to  perfection,  as  also  to- 
bacco, hops,  &  indigo.  Sarsaparilla,  sas- 
safras, &  other  drugs,  are  indigenous. 
Timber  is  plentiful.  Gold,  copper,  iron, 
cobalt,  manganese,  zinc,  quicksilver,  & 
antimony  have  been  discovered.  An  im- 
mense emigration  is  now  taking  place  to 
Australia. 

South  Auna,  r.,  Va.,  unites  with  N. 
Anna  to  form  the  Pamanky. 

South  Bend,  p-v.,  cap.  St.  Joseph's 
CO.  la.     P.  1,000. 

South  Berwick,  a  town,  York  co. 
Maine,  on  Salmon  fall,  which  supplies 
much  water  power,  90  m.  S.W.  Augusta. 
P.  2,314.  It  contains  a  thriving  village, 
with  woollen  factories  &■  various  mills. 

SouTHBOROUGH,  t.,  Worcestcr  co.  Mass. 
P.  1,145. 

SouTHBHiDGE,  t.,  Worcester  co.  Mass. 
P.  , 

South  Bristol,  p-t..  Ontario  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  1,375. 

So'UTH  Brunswick,  t.,  Middlesex  co. 
N.  J.    P.  2,800. 

SouTHBUEG,  t.,  New  Haven  co.  Conn. 
P.  1,542. 

•South  Carolina,  one  of  the  southern 
U.  S.  between  lat.  32°  &  35°_N.,  &  Ion. 


78°  24'  &  83°  30'  W.,  having  E.  the  At- 
lantic, &  on  other  sides  N.  Carolina  & 
Georgia.  L.  200  m.,  br.  125  m.  Area, 
25,000  sq.  m.  P.  (1840),  594,398,  of 
whom  327,038  were  slaves  ;  in  1850,  668,- 
507,  of  whom  384,925  are  slaves.  The 
coast  is  bounded  by  a  chain  of  islands. 
Surface  low  &  marshy  for  100  m.  from 
the  coast;  to  which  region  succeeds  one 
of  sand  hills ;  country  further  inland  is 
beautifully  undulating,  fertile,  &  salu- 
bi-ious,  rising  at  the  N.W.  extremity  into 
the  Appalachian  mountain  chain,  which, 
in  Table  mountain,  reaches  to  an  eleva- 
tion of  4,000  ft.  Chief  rivers  the  Great 
Pedee,  Santee,  Edisto,  &  Savannah. 
Staple  products  are  cotton  &  rice  ;  the 
islands  bordering  the  coast  produce  the 
famous  sea-island  cotton.  Upwards  of 
60  millions  lbs.,  or  3-4tbs  of  the  whole 
produce  of  the  Union,  in  rice,  are  report- 
ed to  have  been  raised  in  this  state. 
Maize,  wheat,  &  other  grains,  short-sta- 
pled cotton,  iobaceo,  indigo,  &  some  sugar 
&  silk,  are  the  other  chief  crops.  Live 
stock  are  pretty  numerous.  Value  of 
exports,  $11,447,800;  value  of  imports, 
81,933,785.  But  a  large  proportion  of  the 
exports  from  Ga.  come  through  the  port 
of  Charleston.  There  are  383  m.  railway 
in  operation,  &  403  in  course  of  con- 
struction. Public  income  (1850),  $600,- 
292  87.  State  debt,  $2,061,292  81.  The 
first  settlement  was  made  at  Port  Royal 
in  1670.  Constitution  of  South  Carolina, 
formed  in  1790,  consists  of  a  senate  of 
45  members,  elected  for  four  years,  &  a 
house  of  representatives  of  124  members, 
elected  for  2  years  ;  with  a  governor,  & 
lieut.-gov.,  elected  by  both  houses  of  rep- 
resentatives for  two  years.  It  is  divided 
into  29  dists.  Principal  towns,  Columbia 
the  cap.,  Charleston,  &  Georgetown. 
Sends  6  representatives  to  Congress. 

Southcoates,  a  township  of  Engl.,  co. 
York,  B.  Riding.     P.  1,167. 

Southeast,  p-t.,  Putnam  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
2,710. II.  t..  Orange  co.  la.     P.  1,247. 

Southend,  a  hamlet  &  watering-place  • 
of  England,  co.  Essex. 

Southfield,  t.,  Richmond  co.  N.  Y.   P. 

1,619. II.  p-t,  Oakland  co.  Mich.     P. 

1,061. 

South  Hadley,  town,  Hampshire  co. 
Mass. 

South  Hero,  t.,  Grand  Isle  co.  Vt.  It 
constitutes  the  S.  half  of  the  largest  isl. 
in  Lake  Champlain.     P.  664. 

South  Huntingdon,  t.,  Westmoreland 
CO.  Pa.     P.  2,793. 

Southington,  t.,  Hartford  co.  Conn. 
1,887. 


^ 
^ 


spa] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


V33 


South  Kingston,  t.,  Rhode  Island, 
cap.  CO.  Washington,  on  the  Atlantic,  28 
m.  S.  Providence.  P.  3,807.  It  has  a 
court  house  &  jail,  &  contains  the  vill.  N. 
Kingston  &  a  large  salt  lake.  The  Ston- 
ington  &  Providence  railw.  passes  through 
this  township. 

South  Middletown,  a  township  of 
Pennsylvania,  co.  Cumberland.   P.  2,055. 

SouTHOLD,  t.,  Suffolk  CO.  Long  Island, 
N.Y.     P.  4,723. 

SouTHPORT,  v.,  Fairfield  co.  Conn.  P. 
500.    Harbor  good  for  small  vessels.— — 

II.  p-t.,  Chemung  CO.  N.  Y.   P.  2,101. 

III.  p-v.,  Kacine  co.'Wis. 

South  Reading,  t.,  Middlesex  co. 
Mass.     P.  1,517. 

South  Shenango,  a  township  of  Penn- 
sylvania, CO.  Crawford.     P.  1,324. 

Southwark,  CO.  Surrey,  on  the  S.  bank 
of  the  Thames,  immediately  opposite  the 
city  of  London,  with  which  it  communi- 
cates by  London,  Southwark,  &  Blaek- 
friars'  bridges.  Area,  590  acres.  It  is 
one  of  the  principal  commercial  quarters 

of  the  metropolis. II.  a  dist.  forming 

a  suburb  of  Philadelphia,  with  which  it 
communicates  across  the  Delaware.  P. 
38,799.  It  is  incorporated  separately 
from  Philadelphia,  &  has  many  hand- 
some dwellings,  numerous  factories,  a 
lofty  shot-tower,  navy  yard,  ship  &  boat 
yards  on  the  Delaware. 

Southwell,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  &  12  m.  N.E.  Nottingham.     P.  3,477. 

South  Whitehall,  t.,  Lehigh  co.  Pa. 
P.  2,290. 

Southwick,  t.,  Hampden  co.  Mass.  P. 
1,214. 

Southwold,  a  seaport  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Suffolk,  on  the  N.  sea,  between 
the  river  Blythe  &  Buss  creek.  P.  2,186. 
In  Southwold  (or  Sole)  bay,  an  obstinate 
engagement  between  the  English  &  com- 
bined French  &  Dutch  fleets  took  place. 
May,  1672,  in  which  the  Earl  of  Sand- 
wich was  blown  up  with  his  ship. 

Southworth  &  Croft,  a  township  of 
England,  co.  Lancaster.     P.  1,155. 

SouviGNY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Allier,  cap.  cant.,  6  miles  W.S.W. 
Moulins.     P.  1,756. 

SfiuzA,  a  river  of  Portugal,  joins  the 

Douro,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  20  m. 

II.  a  market  town  of  Portugal,  6  miles 
S.S.W.  Aveiro.     P.  4,000. 

SouzEL,  a  market  town  of  Portugal, 
-8  m.  N.W.  Bstremoz.     P.  1,700. 

Soyland,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
York,  W.  Riding.     P.  3,603. 

Spa, -a  town  &  watering  place,  Belgium, 
near  the  frontier  of  Rhen.  Prussia,  prov. 


&  17  m.  S.E.  Liege.  P.  3,600.  Over  its 
principal  spring,  the  Pouhon,  Peter  the 
Great  built  the  pump-room.  The  waters 
are  chalybeate,  &  many  other  springs 
exist  in  the  vicinity,  which  were  formerly 
so  much  frequented,  that  Spa  became  a 
common  name  for  mineral  baths. 

Spaccafoeno,  a  town  of  Sicily,  11  m. 
S.W.  Noto,  cap.  cant.,  on  a  bill  near  the 
S.  coast.     P.  8,000. 

Spafford,  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  1,903. 

Spaichingen,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
circ.  Black  Forest,  22  m.  W.  Sigmaringen. 
P.  1,682. 

Spain  (Espana),  a  country  of  S.W. 
Europe,  occupying  the  greater  part  of 
the  Iberian  peninsula,  extending  between 
lat.  36°  r  &  43°  45'  N.,  &lon.  3°  20'  E. 
&  9°  21'  W.,  bounded  N.  by  the  bay  of 
Biscay,  &  by  the  Pyrenees,  which  sepa- 
rate it  from  France,  B.  by  the  Mediter- 
ranean, S.  by  the  Mediterranean  &  the 
strait  of  Gibraltar,  &  W.  by  Portugal  & 
the  Atlantic  ocean.  Cap.  Madrid.  The 
surface  of  the  peninsula  is  more  diversi- 
fied than  that  of  any  other  country  of 
«qual  extent  in  Europe ;  its  interior  forms 
a  vast  elevated  table-land,  which  in  the 
plateau  of  Castile  has  a  mean  elevation 
of  2,300  feet.  This  plateau  occupies 
almost  one  half  of  the  superficies,  &  is 
nearly  surrounded  by  mountains.  Spain 
is  traversed  in  a  direction  from  E.  to  W. 
by  five  principal  chains  of  mountains, 
called  in  Spanish  Sierras.  Spain  is^ 
divided  into  49  provinces.  Area,  182,708 
sq.  m.  P.  12,381,841.  Spain  is  rich  in 
minerals,  especially  mercury,  iron,  cop- 
per, &  lead.  The  celebrated  gold  &  sil- 
ver mines  of  the  time  of  the  Romans 
have  long  been  abandoned,  bat  mercury 
is  extracted  in  great  abundance  from  the 
mines  of  Almaden.  Lead  forms  an  im- 
portant branch  of  mining  industry.  Coal 
is  found  chiefly  in  the  Asturias.  The 
only  lakes,  or  lagoons,  of  Spain  are  the 
Albufera  in  Valencia,  &  the  Mar  Menor, 
in  Murcia.  The  coasts  of  Spain,  with  an 
extent  of  1,800  m.,  are  in  general  little  in- 
dented, except  in  the  N.W.  The  climate 
of  Spain  varies  exceedingly  with  eleva- 
tion &  position  ;  it  is  warm  on  the  coasts ; 
the  table-lands  are  exposed  J:o  great  heat 
in  summer,  &  extreme  cold  in  winter. 
Many  of  the  mountains  rise  above  the 
snow  line,  the  limit  of  which,  in  the  Py- 
renees, is  8,952  feet ;  in  the  Sierra  Ne- 
vada, 11,190  feet.  The  amount  of  com 
is  often  insufiicient  for  home  consumption. 
The  wines  of  Spain  are  much  esteemed ; 
the  principal  growths  are  those  of  Xeres 


1S4: 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[spa 


(sherry),  Rota,  Malaga^  Alicante,  Mal- 
vasia,  &  Val  de  Penas.  In  the  S.  provs. 
the  sugar  cane  &  cotton  have  been  accli- 
matized, &  there  the  orange  &  citron 
grow  in  great  abundance.  The  best 
building  timber  grows  in  the  N.  coast. 
The  race  of  sheep  called  the  merino,  yields 
a  great  quantity  of  excellent  wool ;  their 
exportation  has  always  been  prohibited. 
The  manufacturing  industry  of  Spain, 
formerly  flourishing,  has  greatly  declined. 
The  public  roads  in  Spain,  except  those 
around  the  capital,  are  amongst  the  worst 
in  Europe ;  wheel  carriages  are  little 
used,  &  much  of  the  transport  is  effected 
by  means  of  mules.  There  are  several 
canals,  many  of  them  on  a  magnificent 
scale,  but  mostly  unfinished  &  unfit  for 
navigation.  Spain  possesses  greater 
commercial  advantages  than  any  other 
country  of  Europe,  but  smuggling  is  so 
extensively  carried  on  as  to  render  it 
impossible  to  estimate  the  amount  of  its 
foreign  commerce.  The  pr^ent  inhabit- 
ants of  Spain  are  descendants  of  the 
ancient  Iberians,  or  of  other  races  who 
colonized  it  at  different  periods.     Four 

primitive  families  are  discernible. 1. 

the  Spaniards,  descendants  of  the  original 
races,  &  of  Greeks,  Romans,  Vandals, 
Goths,  &  Alans,  comprising  19-20ths  of 

the  pop. II.  the  Basques,  l-24th. 

III.  the  Moors,  descendants  of  the  con- 
querors who  ruled  for  7  centuries  in  the 

S.  of  the  peninsula,  l-200th. IV.  the 

Gitanos,  gipsies,  l-250th.  The  Jewish 
race  has  disappeared  from  Spain  since 
the  expulsion  of  the  Jews  in  1492.  The 
government,  since  1833,  is  a  constitu- 
tional representative  monarchy ;  the 
religion  exclusively  Roman  Catholic. 
Education  is  very  little  diffused :  the 
lower  orders  are  nearly  destitute  of  any 
means  of  instruction.  The  children  of  the 
upper  classes  are  educated  in  France  & 
other  countries.  The  universities,  for- 
merly 24  in  number,  are  now  reduced  to 
14,  &  these  attended  only  by  a  few  stu- 
dents of  law  &  medicine.  Army,  142,200 
men  ;  marine,  3  ships  of  the  line,  6  frig- 
ates, 5  corvettes,  6  brigs,  6  steam  packets, 
&  several  gun  boats.  Public  rev.  (1849), 
1,008,985,640  reals.  Debt,  16,227,474,922 
reals.  The  peninsula  now  forming  the 
kingdoms  of  Spain  &  Portugal,  was  first 
visited  by  the  Phoenicians,  &  afterwards 
by  the  Carthaginians,  who  formed  several 
establishments.  It  was  conquered  by  the 
Romans  after  a  resistance  of  two  centu- 
ries ;  they  divided  it  into  three  great 
provs.,  viz.  Tarraconensis,  in  the  E.  cen- 
tre &  N.,  Bastica,  in  the  S.,  &  Lusitania, 


in  the  W.  The  Visigoths  overran  the 
country  in  the  5th  century,  &  were  driven 
from  most  of  it  by  the  Arabs  in  71 1.  The 
kingdom  of  Portugal  was  founded  in  1095. 
During  8  centuries  the  Christian  princes 
were  engaged  in  continual  warfare  with 
the  Mohammedans.  From  this  state  the 
country  was  delivered,  under  Ferdinand 
&  Isabella,  by  the  conquest  of  Granada 
in  1492.  This  was  followed  by  the  pillage 
&  expulsion  of  the  Jews,  who  had  pos- 
sessed themselves  of  most  of  the  com- 
mercial riches  of  the  country.  In  the 
same  year  Columbus  discovered  the  new 
world,  &  Spain  became  mistress  of  the 
greater  part  of  America  as  then  known. 
Of  these  vast  colonial  possessions,  Spain 
has  now  only  the  islands  of  Cuba,  Puerto 
Rico,  &  some  smaller  islands  in  America, 
the  Philippine  &  Marianne  islands  in  tho 
Pacific,  the  Canary  isls.  in  the  Atlantic, 
Fernando  Po,  &  the  island  of  Annabou 
in  the  gulf  of  Guinea,  &  Ceuta,  Gomera, 
&  Melilla,  places  used  for  the  transpor- 
tation of  convicts,  in  Barbary. 

Spaitla,  a  ruined  town  of  N.  Africa, 
dom.  &  142  m.  S.W.  Tunis. 

Spalato,  a  seaport  city  of  Dalmatia, 
on  a  small  promontory.  P.  10,300.  The 
E.  half  of  the  city  is  crowded  into  the 
area  of  the  vast  palace  built  by  Diocle- 
tian toward  the  end  of  the  third  centuryj, 
in  which  the  ancient  temple  of  Jupiter, 
with  a  lofty  octagonal  tower,  is  still  per- 
fect. 

Spalding,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Lincoln,  in  a  fenny  district,  on  the 
Welland,  15  m.  SS.W.  Boston.     P. 

Spalmadore  Islands,  a  group  of  is- 
lets belonging  to  Asiatic  Turkey,  between 
the  islands  Seio,  &  the  mainland  of  Asia- 
Minor.     L.  of  largest,  5  miles. 

Spalt.  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Re- 
zat,  18  m.  S.E.  Anspach.     P.  1,765. 

SpANDAtr,  a  fortified  town  of  Prussia, 
at  the  confl.  of  the  Spree  &  Havel,  9  m. 
W.  Berlin,  on  the  Hamburg  railway.  P. 
6,400.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  &  has  a 
citadel  on  an  island  in  the  Havel  used 
as  the  principal  state  prison  of  Prussia. 
— Spanden  is  a  vill.  of  E.  Prussia,  46  m. 
S.W.  Konigsberg.  Here  the  French  de- 
feated the  Russians  in  1807. 

Spangenberg,  a  town  of  Germany,  H. 
Cassel.     P.  2,202. 

Spanish  Town,  the  cap.  town  of  Ja- 
maica, CO.  Middlesex,  on  the  W.  bank  of 
the  river  Cobre,  10  m.  W.  Kingston.  P. 
6,000. II.  the  cap.  town  of  Trinidad. 

Sparta,    an   ancient   city  of  Greece, 

Morea. II.  a   tnshp..    New  York,  co. 

Livingston,  in  the  W.  part  of  the  state. 


8Pl] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


f735 


P.  1,372. III.  p-v.,  cap,  Hancock'co. 

Ga.     P.  700. IV.    p-v.,    Conecuh  co. 

Ala. V.   p-v.,   cap.  White   co.  Tenn. 

VI.  p-v.,  cap.  Buchanan  co.-  Mo. 

Spartanburg,  N.  dist.  S.  C.  Area, 
1,005  sq.  m.  P.  26,i00.— Spartanburg, 
c.  H.,  the  cap.,  contains  400  inhabs. 

Spaetel  (Cape),  the  N.W.  point  of 
Africa,  Morocco,  kingdom  Fez,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  strait  of  Gibraltar,  1,043 
feet  above  the  sea. 

Spask,  three  towns  of  Russia. 1. 

30  m.  S.E.  Riazan,  on  the  Oka.    P.  5,000. 

II.  lOS  m.  N.N.E.  Tambov.  P.  6,000. 

III.  54  m.  S.  Easan,  on  the  Bezdna. 

P.  2,000. 

Spean,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  Inver- 
ness, joins  the  Lochy  at  Garelochy,  after 
a  course  of  20  m. 

Speights-town,  a  small  town  on  the 
W.  coast  of  the  island  Barbadoes. 

Spello  (Hispellum),  a  town  of  Cent. 
Italy,  Pontif.  sta.,  3  m.  N.W.  Foligno. 
P.  4,220. 

Spencer,  a  central  co.  Ky.  Area,  260 
sq.  m.  Cap.  Taylorsville.  P.  6,842.-= — 
11.  S.  CO.  la.  Area,  400  sq.  m.  Cap. 
Rockport.  P.  8,616. III.  t.,  Worces- 
ter CO.  Mass.  P.  1,532. IV.  t.,  Guern- 
sey CO.  0.     P.  1,669. V.  p-v.,  cap.  Van 

Buren  co.  Tenn. VI.  p-v.,  cap.  Owen 

CO.  la. 

Spencer  Gulf,  a  large  bay  of  S.  Aus- 
tralia. It  stretches  inland  for  upwards 
of  200  m.;  br.  80  m. 

Sperlinga,  a  market  town  of  Sicily, 
near  the  Madonian  mntns.,  3  m.  N.W. 
Nicosia.  P.  1,600. — Sperlonga  is  a  mkt. 
town  of  Naples,  9  m.  W.N.W.  Gaeta.  P. 
1,200.  -     • 

Spev,  a  river  of  Scotl.,  expands  into 
the  small  Loch  Spey,  about  6  miles  N. 
Loch  Laggan,  &  1,200  ft.  above  the  sea, 
flows  N.E.  &  enters  Moray  firth,  after  a 
course  of  110  m. 

Speyeb,  the  German  name  of  Spires. 
— The  Speyerbach,  -a  river  of  Rhenish 
Bavaria,  joins  the  Rhine  after  an  E. 
course  of  30  m. 

Spezia  (La),  a  nfarit.  town  of  N.  Italy, 
Sard,  sta.,  at  the  head  of  its  bay,  an  in- 
let of  the  gulf  of  Genoa.  P.  of  comm. 
9,796.  It  is  finely  situated. — The  bay  or 
gulf  of  Spezia  {Partus  Luncc),  is  7  m.  in 
length,  breadth  2  to  6  m. 

Spezzia,  an  isl.  of  Greece,  gov.  Argolis, 
oSF  its  S.  coast,  at  the  entrance  of  the 
guif  of  Nauplia,  10  m.  W.S.W.  Hydra. 
Area,  26  sq.  m.  P.  8,000.  Spezzia  is  re- 
markable for  the  salubrity  of  its  climate 
&  the  beauty  of  its  women.  The  town, 
Spezzia,  is  on  its  N.E.  shore.    P.  3,000. 


— The  islet,  Spezzia  Pulo,  is  off  the  S.E. 
side  of  the  island. 

Sphagia,  an  island  of  Greece,  gov. 
Messina,  off  the  S.W.  coast  of  the  Morea. 
L.  3  m. ;  br.  i  m. — Sphakia  is  a  town  of 
Crete,  on  its  S.  coast,  43  m.  from  its  W. 
extremity.     P.  1,000. 

Spieroe,  an  isl.,  Norway,  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  gulf  of  Christiania. 

Spigno,  two  small  towns  of  Italy. 

I.  Piedmont,  11m.  S.W.  Acqui,  on  the 

Bormida.       P.   of   comm.  2,667. II. 

Naples,  10  m.  N.E.  Gaeta.     P.  1,600. 

Spike  Island,  an  island  on  the  W. 
side  of  Cork  harbor,  Ireland,  Munster, 
CO.  Cork,  i  m.  S.  Queenstown. 

Spiker-oge,  an  island  of  N.W.  Ger- 
many, in  the  North  sea. 

Spilimbergo,  a  town,  Aust.  Italy.  P. 
3,500. — Spilimberto  is  a  market  town, 
duchy  &  7  m.  S.E.  Modena,  on  the  Pa- 
naro. 

Spilsey,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Lincoln.     P.  1,457. 

Spinazzola.  a  town  of  Naples,  7  miles 
S.  Minervino.  '  P.  5,300. 

Spirding,  the  largest  lake  of  E.  Prus- 
sia, 11  m.  in  length. 

Spires,  a  city  of  W.  Germany,  cap. 
Rhenish  Bavaria,  on  the  Rhine,  at  the 
influx  of  the  Speyerbach,  16*  jn.  N.E.** 
Landau.  P.  9,240,  of  whom  about  l-3d 
are  Roman  Catholics.  It  occupies  a  large 
space,  enclosed  by  walls,  &  has  a  cathe- 
dral containing  the  tombs  of  many  Ger- 
man emperors,  the  remains  of  an  old 
palace  in  which  49  diets  were  held,  &  an 
extensive  commerce  &  transit  trade  on 
the  riv.  At  the  diet  of  Spires,  held  in 
1529,  the  protest  was  made  to  the  empe- 
ror, which  originated  the  religious  desig- 
nation of  Protestants. 

Spital,  a  market  town  of  Illyria,  Ca- 
rinthia,  21  m.  N.W.  Villach.  P.  1,700.— 
Spitz  is  a  mkt.  town  of  Lower  Austria, 
on  the  Danube,  8  m.  S.W.  Stein.  P. 
1,051: 

Spitalfields,  a  quarter  of  the  British 
metropolis,  co.  Middlesex,  immediately 
on  the  N.E.  side  of  the  city  of  London. 
P.  20,436.  It  is  a  principal  seat  of  the 
silk  manufacture  of  England,  which 
manufacture  was  introduced  by  French 
refugees  after  the  revocation  of  the  edict 
of  Nantes,  in  1685. 

Spithead,  a  celebrated  roadstead,  off 
the  S.  coast  of  England,  co.  Hants,  be- 
tween Portsea  island  &  the  Isle  of  Wight. 
It  is  so  secure  from  all  winds  except  the 
S.E.,  as  to  have  been  termed  by  sailors 
"  the  king's  bed-chamber,"  &  it  is  a  prin- 
cipal rendezvous  of  the  British  navy. 


136 


CVCLOP.EDIA    OF    GEOGRAPEIV, 


SRB 


Spiti,  a  district  of  Little  Tibet,  near 
where  the  Sutleje  breaks  througli  the 
Himalaya.  Its  vills.  are  from  12,000  to 
12,500  ft.  above  the  sea. — The  Spiti  river 
is  the  W.  branch  of  the  Sutleje,  above  the 
Himalaya. 

Spitzbergen,  a  group  of  islands  in  the 
Arctic  ocean,  midway  between  Greenland 
&  Novaia  Zemlia.  Lat.  of  N.-most  isl., 
80°  48'  N.,  Ion.  20°  29'  E.  This  arehip., 
claimed  by  Russia,  is  composed  of  3  large 
&  numerous  small  islands.  Near  its  N. 
extremity  is  the  group  of  7  isls.,  or  7 
sisters.  Spitzbergen  Proper  (or  New 
Friesland)  is  the  largest  connected  land. 

Split  (Cape),  British  N.  America, 
■Nova  Scotia,  King's  co. 

Splugen  Pass,  a  route  across  the 
Rhffitian  Alps,  between  the  Grisons,  its 
summit  6,939  ft.  above  the  sea,  23  m.  N. 
tlie  head  of  the  lake  of  Como — The  vill. 
Splugen,  Grisons,  on  the  Rhine,  4  m.  N. 
the  summit  of  the  pass. 

Spoleto,  a  city  of  Central  Italy,  Pon- 
tif.  sta.,  strongly  placed  on  an  isolated 
rocky  hill,  24  m.  N.  Eieti.  P.  6,115.  It 
is  connected  across  a  deep  ravine  with  an 
adjacent  height  by  a  noble  bridge  &  aque- 
duct 615  feet  in  height.  It  has  a  mas- 
sive citadel,  a  cathedral,  with  interesting 
''works  of  art ;  a  Roman  arch,  remains  of 
a  theatre,  &  other  antiquities. — Spoltore 
is  a  mkt.  town  of  Naples.     P.  2,800. 

Sporades,  or  the  "Scattered  islands," 
a  subdivision  of  the  Grecian  archipelago, 
consisting  of  the  islands  surrounding  the 
central  group,  or  Cyclades,  &  belonging 
partly  to  Turkey  &  partly  to  Greece. 

Spotland,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
Lancaster.     P.  18,480. 

Spottsylvania,  CO.  E.  Va.  Area,  408 
sq.  m.  P.  14,911. — Cap.  Spottsylvania 
c.  H.,  p-v. 

Spree,  a  river  of  Germany,  joins  the 
Havel  on  left,  at  Spandau.  Total  course 
220  m. 

Sprigg,  t.,  Adams  CO.  0.     P.  1,976. 

Spring,  t.,  Crawford  co.  Pa.  P.  1,616. 
II.  t..  Centre  co.  Pa.     P.  1,793. 

Spring  Creek,  town,  Miami  co.  0. 
P.  1,444. 

Springe,  a  town  of  Hanover,  14  miles 
S.W.  Hanover.     P.  1,906. 

"Springfield,  numerous  tnships.  U.  S. 

1.  Mass.,  cap.  Hampden  co.  on  the 

Conn,  river,  24  m.  N.  Hartford.  It  has 
a  court-house,  jail,  an  extensive  arsenal, 
an  armory,  &  manufs.  of  arms,  wrought 
by  water-power ;  cannon  foundries,  cot-  j 
ton  &  hardware  factories,  tanneries,  pa-  , 
per,  grist,  &  saw-mills.  In  the  township 
is  also  the    manufacturing   village  of  | 


Ghickopee.      P.    21,602. II.    town, 

Windsor  co.  Yt. III.  t.,    Otsego  co. 

N.  Y.      P.    2,322. IV.    p-t.,    Essex 

CO.  N.  J.     P.  1,651. V.  t.,  Burlington 

CO.  N.  J.  P.  1,632. VI.  p-t.,  Brad- 
ford CO.  Pa.     P.  1,487. VII.  t.,  Bucks 

CO.  Pa.     P.  2,072. VIII.  t.,   Mercer 

CO.  P,i.     P.  1,804. IX.  t.,  Erie  co.  Pa. 

P.  2,344. X.  t.,  York  CO.  Pa.  P.  1,207. 

XI.  p-v.,  cap.  Effingham  co.  Ga.     P. 

100. XII.  p-v.,  cap.  Livingston  pa.. 

La.  P.  100. XIII.  p-v.,  cap.  Robert- 
son CO.  Tenn. XIV.  p-v.,  cap.  Wash- 
ington  CO.    Ky.     P.   600. XV.   p-v., 

cap.  Clarke  co.  0.     P.  2,349. XVL  t., 

Hamilton  co.  0.     P.  3,092. XVII.  t., 

Richland  co.  0.     P.  1,686. XVIII.  t., 

Summit  CO.  0.     P.  1,663. XIX.  p-v., 

cap.  Sangamon  co.  &  of  the  state  of  111., 
is  near  the  centre  of  the  state,  4    m.  S.' 

the    Sangamon    riv.      P.   4,533. XX. 

p-v.,  cap.  Greene  co.  Mo.     P.  600. 

Spring  Garden,  a  town  of  Penn., 
forming  a  suburb  of  Philadelphia.  P. 
27,849.  Here  are  Fairmount  water- 
works, the  E.  penitentiary,  house  of  ref- 
uge, city  hospital  of  Philadelphia,  &  nu- 
merous factories. II.  a  township,  Pa., 

CO.  York.     P.  1,819. 

Spring  Hill,  a  township,  Penn.,  co. 
Fayette.     P.  2,385. 

Spring  Place,  p-v.,  cap.  Murray  co. 
Ga.     P.  200. 

Springport,  t.,  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
2,041. 

Springville,  p-v.,  Erie  co.  N.  Y.     P. 

1,000. II.  t.,  Susquehanna  co.  Pa.  P. 

926. 

Springwateh,  t.,  Livingston  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  2,670. 

Sprottau,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
38  m.  N.W.  Leignitz,  on  the  Bober.  P. 
4,200. 

Spurn  Head,  a  promontory  on  the  E. 
coast  of  England,  co.  York,  E.  Riding. 

Squam,  lake  &  r.,  N.  H.  This  lake  is 
6  m.  long  &  3  wide,  at  its  greatest  width. 

II.  bay,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,is  situated 

on  the  N.  of  Cape  Ann,  &  connected 
with  Gloucester  harbor,  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  cape,  by  a  short  canal,  which  crosses 
the  isthmus  that  joins  the  cape  with  the 

main  land. III.  v.,>  Essex  co.,  Mass. 

Situated  on  the  N;  side  of  Cape  Ann,  & 
is  inhabited  chiefly  by  fishermen. 

Squillace,  Scylacium,  an  episcopal 
town  of  Naples,  10  m.  S.S.W.  Catanzaro. 
P.  2,600. 

Srebernik,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, Bosnia,   30  m.  N.W.  Zvornik.     P. 

1,500. II.  a  vUl.  23  miles  S.  Zvornik. 

Both  have  silver  mines  in  their  vicinity. 


eta] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


737 


Shedne-Kolymsk,  a  town  &  fort  of  B. 
Siberia,  on  the  W-  b.  of  the  Kolyma,  150 
m.  from  its  mouth. 

ShimenantI;  a  petty  state  of  the  Ma- 
lay peninsula.     Estimated  p.  8,000. 

Sri-Muttra,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan, 
48  miles  W.N.W.  Gwalior. — Srl-Sorree- 
Narrain  is  a  town  of  British  India,  70 
m.  N.W.  Sumbhulpoor. 

Staalsboygden,  a  vill.  of  Norway,  & 
12  m.  N.W.  Trondhjem.     P.  3,200. 

Stab,  a  market  town,  Bohemia,  11m. 
S.W.  Pilsen.     P.  1,302. 

Stabeoek,  a  market  town  of  Belgium, 

8  m.  N.N.W.  Antwerp.     P.  2,300. -II. 

the  old  Dutch  name  of  George  Town, 
Brit.  Guiana. 

Stachelberg,  a  mountain  of  Switzer- 
land. 

Stade,  a  fortified  town  of  Hanover,  22 
m.  W.N.W.  Hamburg.     P.  5,814. 

Stadt-am-Hof,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
an  island  formed  by  the  Danube.  P. 
2,030. 

Stadthagen,  a  walled  town  of  Ger- 
many, 9  m.  N.B.  Biickeburg.     P.  1,913. 

Stadtilm,  a  town  of  Germany,  on  the 
Ilm,  12  miles  AV.N.W.  Eudolstadt.  P. 
2,307. 

Stadtlokn,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, 30  m.  N.W.  Munster.     P.  2,300. 

Stadtoldendorf,  a  walled  town  of 
Germany,  Brunswick.     P.  2,148. 

Stadtsteinach,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
circ.  Upper  Franconia,  15  miles  N.  Bay- 
reuth.     P.  1,300. 

Staefa,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  13  m. 
S.E.  Zurich.     P.  3,500. 

Staffa,  a  &mall  island  of  the  inner 
Hebrides,  Scotland,  co.  Argyle. 

Staffelstein,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Lauter,  15  m.  N.N.E.  Bamberg.  P. 
1,181. 

Stafford,   a  town  of  England,  cap. 

CO.,   on  the  Sow. II.  t.,  Tolland  co. 

Conn.     P.  2,940.    Bay  ore  is  found  here, 

&   manufactured  into   hollow  ware. 

III.  p-t.,   Genesee  CO.  N.  Y.     P.  1,973. 

IV.   t.,    Monmouth    co.   N.    J.      P. 

2,149. V.  CO.  E.  Va.    Area,  335  sq.  m. 

cap.  Falmouth.     P.  8,044. VI.  ch. 

in  the  above  co.  P.  450.  —  Stafford 
Springs,  Conn.,  28  miles  N.E.  Hartford, 
are  chalybeate,  &  greatly  resorted  to  by 
summer  visitors. 

Staffordshire,  an  inland  eo.  of  Eng- 
land. Area,  1,184  sq.  miles.  Its  N.E. 
quarter  is  chiefly  moorland,  rising  in 
some  places  to  1,200  &  1,500  feet  above 
the  sea. 

Stagno  Grande,  a  town  of  Dalmatia, 
26  m.  N.W.  Ragusa,  on  the  peninsula 


Sabioncello.  P.  5,400.  It  has  extensive 
salt  works. — Stagno-piccolo  is  a  village 
N.N.E.-ward,  with  a  good  harbor. 

Staindbop,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  Durham.     P.  2,436. 

Staines,  a  mkt.  town  of  England,  co. 
Middlesex,  on  the  Thames. 

Stalbridge,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  Dorset,  on  a  branch  of  the  Stour.  P. 
1,882. 

Staley  Bridge,  a  mkt.  town  of  Eng- 
land, COS.  Lancaster  &  Chester.  P.  12,- 
000. 

Stalimene,  or  Lemnos,  an  island  of 
the  Grecian  archipelago,  belonging  to 
Turkey,  in  the  Mge&n  sea,  40  m.  E.S.E. 
Mount  Athos.  Araa,  160  sq.  m.  P. 
8,000.  It  consists  of  2  peninsulas. — The 
cap.  town,  Lemnos,  is  on  the  W.  coast, 
with  1,000  inhabs.,  a  citadel,  harbor,  & 
ship-building  docks. 

Stalla;  or  Bivio,  a  vill.  of  E.  Switzer- 
land, 10  m.  N.E.  Chiavenna,  at  the  foot 
of  the  Julier  pass,  5,774  feet  above  the 
sea. 

Stallupohnen,  a  town  of  B.  Prussia, 
16  m.  E.N.E.  Gumbinnen.     P.  3,110. 

Stalmine,  a  chapelry  of  England,  co  , 
pa.  &  13  m.  S.W.  Lancaster.     P.  504. 

Stamford,  a  town  of  England,  coa. 
Lincoln  &  Northampton,  11  m.  W.N.W. 
Peterborough.  P.  7,384. II.  t.,  Fair- 
field CO.  Conn.,  on  Long  Island  sound,  on 
which  it  has  a  good  harbor,  67  m.  S.W. 

Hartford.     P.  5,000. III.   p-t.,  Del. 

CO.  N.  Y.  P.  1,708.— Also  a  tnshp.  of 
Upper  Canada,  W.  the  Falls  of  Niagara. 

Stampalia,  an  island  of  the  Grecian 
archipelago,  gov.  Thera,  20  miles  S.E. 
Amorgo.  Area,  50  sq.  m.  P.  1,500. 
Chief  vills.  St.  Andrea  &  Livorno. 

Stampfen,  a  mkt.  town  of  W.  Hunga- 
ry, eo.  &  10  miles  N.N.W.  Presburg.  P. 
3,374. 

Stanardsville,  p-v.,  cap.  Queens  co. 
Va. 

Standish,  t.,  Cumberland  co.  Me.  P. 
2,198. 

Stanford,  t.,  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
2,158. 

Stanislawow,  a  strongly  fortified  t. 
of  Austrian  Poland,  Galicia,  between  two 
arms  of  the  Bistritza,  75  m.  S.S.E.  Lem- 
berg.     P.  with  suburbs  9,200. 

Stanley,  a  vill.  of  Scotland,  co.  Perth, 

on  rt.  b.  of  the  Tay.     P.  1,945. IL  S. 

CO.  N.  C.     Areti,  280  sq.  m.     P.  6,922. 

Stannern,  a  mkt.  town  of  Moravia,  7 
m.  S.E.  Iglau.  P.  1,040.  A  great  fall 
of  aerolites  took  place  here  in  1807. 

Stanovoi,  a  long  mountain  chain  of 
E.  Asia,  extending  between  lat.  50°  & 


•738 


CYCLOPEDIA   OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[STA 


67°  N.,  &  from  Ion:  110°  B.-ward,  sepa- 
rating Siberia  from  the  Chinese  doms. 
Mongolia  &  Manchooria.  Total  length 
estim.  at  3,000  m.  This  chain  separates 
the  basins  of  Lake  Baikal  &  the  Lena  on 
the  N.,  from  that  of  the  Amoor  on  the 
S.E. 

Stanz,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  7  miles 
S.S.E.  Lucerne.  P.  1,200.  Its  town  hall, 
of  historic  celebrity,  contains  a  series  of 
historic  portraits  ;  in  its  mkt.  place  is 
the  statue  of  Arnold  von  Winkelried,  a 
native  of  Stanz. 

Staphorst,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
11  m.  N.E.  ZwoUe.     P.  4,054. 

Stapleton,  v.,  Richmond  co.  N.  T., 
Staten  isl.,  2  miles  N.  the  "  Narrows." 
Here  is  the  Seamen's  Retreat.  The 
building  is  208  feet  long,  52  wide,  &  3 
stories  high,  with  wings  32  feet  deep  &  2 
stories  high,  &  cost  $100,000.  Attached 
to  the  building  are  37  acres  of  land,  which 
cost  .$10,000. 

Staraia-Russa,  a  town  of  Russia,  36 
m.  S.  Novgorod,  on  a  river  which  flows 
into  Lake  Ilmen.     P.  8,700. 

Starasol,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia,  10  miles  W.S.W.  Sambor.  P. 
1,066. 

Starbruck  Island,  Pacific  0.,  lat.  5° 
20'  S.,  Ion.  155°  56'  W. 

Stargard,  a  walled  town  of  Prussia, 
on  1.  b.  of  the  navigable  Ihna,  21  miles 
E.S.E.  Stettin.  P.  13,100. IL  a  wall- 
ed town  of  W.  Prussia,  27  m.  S.W.  Dan- 
zig, on  the   Ferse.     P.  3,600. III.  a 

town  of  Mecklenburg-Strelitz,  14  m.  N.E. 
Neu-Strelitz.     P.  1,410. 

Staeia,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Albania. — Stari-Maidan  is  a  vill.,  Turk- 
ish Croatia,  on  the  Sanna. 

Staritza,  a  town  of  Russia,  41  miles 
W.S.W.  Tver,  on  the  Volga.     P.  2,400. 

Stark,  N.E.  co.  0.     Area,  640  sq.  m., 

cap.  Canton.     P.  39,878. II.  a  N.W. 

CO.  la.     Area,  432  sq.  m.     P.  557. 

III.  a  central  co.  III.  Area,  288  sq.  m. 
Cap.  Toulon.  P.  3,710. ^IV.  t.,  Somer- 
set CO.  Me.     P.  1,559. V.  t.,  Coos  co. 

N.  H.     P.  350. VL  t.,  Herkimer  co. 

N.  y.     P.  1,576. 

Starkenbach,  a  town  of  Bohemia. 
P.  2,056. 

Starkenburg,  a  prov.  of  Hessen- 
Darmstadt,  Central  Germany,  E.  the 
Rhine.  Area,  1,202  sq.  miles.  P.  317,- 
093. 

Starkesborough,  t.,  Addison  co.  Vt. 
P.  1,263. 

Starkey,  p-t.,  Yates  co.  N.  Y.  P. 
2,675. 

Stabkvillb,  p-v.,  cap.  Lee  co.  Ga. 


Star-Krum,  a  town  of  S.  Russia,  gov. 
Taurida,  10  m.  W.  Kaffa. 

Starobielsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  30  m. 
W.N.W.  Bielovodsk,  on  the  Aidar,  with 
a  cathedral  &  an  imp.  stud.     P.  1,100. 

Starodub,  a  town  of  Russia,  100  miles 
N.E.  Tchernigov,  on  the  Babintza.  P. 
9,000. 

Staroi-Oskol,  a  town  of  Russia,  70 
miles  E.S.E.  Koursk,  on  the  Oskol.  P. 
5,000. 

Staro-Konstantinov,  a  town  of 
Russ.  Poland,  75  miles  W.N.W.  Jitomir. 
P.  4,000. 

Start  Point,  a  headland,  near  the  S. 
extremity  of  the  co.  Devon,  England. 

Stasspuet,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  20  m.  S.S.W.  Magdeburg,  on  the 
Bode.     P.  2,040. 

Staszow,  a  walled  town  of  Poland,  30 
miles  AV.S.W."  Sandomir,  on  the  Czarna. 
P.  3,935. 

Staten  Island,  an  island,  state  &  8 
m.  S.W.  New  York,-&  forming  the  co. 
Richmond.  L.  14  m.,  br.  4  to  8  miles. 
Area,  63  sq.  m.  Surface  hilly  in  the  N., 
&  Richmond  hill,  307  feet  above  the 
ocean,  commands  a  fine  view  of  New 
York.  Surface  productive,  &  it  has 
several  villages  &  country  residences, 
with  iron  beds,  &  thriving  fisheries. 
Steamers  ply  daily  between   it  &  New 

York.     P.  15,062. II.  one  of  the  Ku- 

rile   isls..   Pacific  0. III.   an  isl.   of 

Tierra  del  Fuego,  at  the  S.  extrem.  of  S. 
Amer.  L.  45  miles.  At  its  E.  extremity 
is  Cape- St.  John. 

Statesborough,  p-v.,  capital  of  Bul- 
lock CO.  Ga.,  133  m.  S.E.  by  E.  Milledge- 
ville. 

Staubbach  ("  dust-stream"),  a  mag- 
nificent waterfall  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Bern. 

Staufen,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the 
Neumagen,  10  m.  S.S.W.  Freiburg.  P. 
1,623. 

Staunton,  t.,  Miami  co.  0.     P.  1,220. 

II.  p-v.,   cap.  Augusta  co.  Va.     P. 

2,500.  It  has  a  handsome  court-house, 
&  a  lunatic  asylum. 

Stavanger,  a  seaport  town  of  Nor- 
way, on  the  Bukke-fiord,  an  inlet  of  the 
N.'sea,  100  m.  S.  Bergen.     P.  4,150. 

Stavehagen,  a  town  of  N.  Germany, 
31  m.  E.S.E.  Gustrow.     P.  2,027. 

Stavelot,  a  town  of  Belgium,  24  m. 
S.E.  Liege,  cap.  cant.     P.  3,200. 

Stavropol,  two  towns  of  the  Russian 

empire. 1.   Caucasia,  on  the  Tachla, 

59  m.  W.N.W.   Alexandrov.-    P.  7,000.^ 
— ;— II.  gov.  &  65  m.  S.S.E.  Simbirsk,  on 
the  Volga.     P.  3,400. 


bte] 


UNIVERSAL   GAZETl'-EER. 


739 


Stavros,  a  vill.  of  European  Turkey, 
Macedonia,  38  m.  B.  Salonica. 

Steckborn,  a  town,  Switzerl'd,  on  the 
Unter-see,  8  m-  VV.  Constance.     P.  2,205. 

Steele,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  21 
m.  N.E.  Dlisseldorf.     P.  2,350. 

Steeleville,  p-v.,  cap.  Crawford  co. 
Ga. 

Steenbergen,  a  walled  town,  Nether- 
lands, 20  m.  W.  Breda.     P.  1,700. 

Steenkerke,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  15 
m.  jST.N.E.  Mons.  The  French  here  de- 
feated the  Allies,  3d  August  1692. 

Steenwerck,  &  Steenwookde,  2 
comms.  &  towns  of  France;  dep.  Nord. 

1.  7  m.  N.  Hazebrouck.      P.  1,764. 

II.  6  miles  N.N.E.  Hazebrouck.     P. 

4,789. 

Steenwyk.  a  town,  Netherlands,  9  m. 
N.E.  Blockzyi.     P.  3,286. 

Steep-Holmes  Island,  a  rocky  island 
in  the  Bristol  channel,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Severn. 

Stege,  a  town  of  Denmark,  cap.  island 
Moen,  on  its  W.  'coast.     P.  1,800. 

Stegen,  is  an  island  &  vill.  of  Norway. 
P.  1,700. 

Stein,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  11  m. 
E.S.E.  Schaffhausen,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Rhine.     P.  L270. 

Stein,-  a  market  town  of  Lower  Aus- 
tria, on  the  Danube,  38  miles  W.N.W. 
Vienna.     P.  1,700. 

Steinach,  two  towns  of  Germany. 

I.  Baden,  3  m.  S.E.  Biberach.     P.  1,400. 

II.  {Neckar),  H.  Darmstadt,  on  the 

Neckar.      P.   1,200. III.   a    vill.   of 

Saxe-Meiningen.     P.  2,211. 

Stein- AM- Anger,  a  town  of  "W.  Hun- 
gary, on  the  Glins.     P.  3,884. 

Steinau,   several  towns  of  Germany. 

1.  Prussian  Silesia,  34  m.  N.W.  Bres- 

lau.     P.  2,760. II.   H.   Cassel,  27  m. 

E.N.E.  Hanau.    P.  2,734. III.  a  mkt. 

town,  Prussian  Silesia.     P.  1,650. 

Steinbac'h,   several  small  towns,  &c., 

of  Germany. I.Baden,  2  miles  N.E. 

Buhl.     P.  1,882. II.  H.  Cassel,  5  m. 

E.S.E.  Schmalkalden.     P.  2,666. III. 

Saxe-Meiningen,  E.  Schweina.    P.  1,428. 

Steinen,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  3  m. 
N.W.  Sohwytz.     P.  1,411. 

Steinfurt,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, 18  miles  -N.W.  Miinster.  P. 
2,666. 

Steinheim,  several  towns  of  Germany. 

1.  Prussian  Westphalia,  30  m.  S.S.E. 

Minden.  P.  2,082. II.  H.  Darmstadt, 

oigBie  Maine.     P.  1,060. III.  a  ml^t. 

toWh   of  Wurtemberg.     P.  1,585. IV. 

a  vill.  2  m.  N.E.  Marbach.     P.  1,715. 

Steinhude  (Lake  of),   a  lake  of  N. 


Germany,  17  m.  N.W.  Hanover.    L.  5  m., 
br.  3  m.     P.  of  vill.,  1,235. 

Steinitz,  a  market  town  of  Moravia, 
20  m.  S.S.E.  Briinn,  with  a  castle  &  1,840 
inhabs. — Steinmauern  is  a.  vill.  of  Baden, 
3  m.  N.Rastadt.     P.  1,427. 

Stekborn,  a  small  town  of  Switzerl., 
8  m.  W.  Constance.     P.  1,900. 

Stekene,  a  market  town  of  Belgium, 
18  m.  N.E.  Ghent.     P.  4,900. 

Stella,  a  river  of  N.  Italy,  enters  the 
Adriatic.     L.  35  m. 

Stellenbosch,  a  div.  of  the  Cape  Col- 
ony, S.  Africa.  Area  2,280  sq.  m.  P. 
17,130.— Stellenbosch,  tbo  cap.  town,  25 
m.  E.  Cape-town,  has  2,400  inhabs. 

Stelvio  (Pass  of),  Tyrol,  in  N.  part  of 
the  Valtellina.  It  was  opened  in  1824, 
&  is  the  loftiest  carriage  route  in  Europe, 
its  summit  being  9,100  ft.  above-  the  sea. 

SiENAY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Meuse,  8  m.  W.S.W.  Moutmedy.  P. 
2,592. 

Stendal,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony.  35  m.  N.N.E.  Magdeburg.  P. 
6,780. 

Stenszewo,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Poland, 
14  m.  S.W.  Posen.     P.  1,165. 

Stephenson,  a  N.  eo.  111.  Area,  500 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Freeport.     P.  11,666. 

Stephentown,  p-t.,  Rensselaer  co. 
N.  Y.     P.  2,753. 

Stepnaia,  a  fort  of  Russia,  on  the  Ui. 
P.  1,600. 

Stepney,  a  pa.  &  E.  suburb  of  the 
British  metropolis,  co.  Middlesex,  2J  m. 
E.  St.  Paul's,  London. 

Sterling,  t.,  Worcester  co.    Mass.    P. 

1,617. II.  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.     P. 

2,808. 

Sterlitamak,  a  town  of  Russia,  72  m. 
S.  Ufa.     P.  3,500. 

Sternberg,  sev'l  towns  of  Germany. 

1.  Moravia,  9  m.  N.N.E.  Olmiitz.  P. 

8,006. ^11.  29  m.   S.W.  Rostock.     P. 

1,900. III.   Prussia,  24  m.  E.  Frank- 
furt.     P.    1,423. IV.    {Bohmisch),  a 

market  town  of  Bohemia.     P.  525. 

Sterzing,  a  town  of  the  Tyrol,  16  m. 
N.W.  Brixen.     P.  1,300. 

Stetten,  two  market  towns  of  WUr- 

temberg,  circ.  Neckar. -I.  7  miles  E. 

Stuttgart.     P.  1,955. II.  3  m.  N.W. 

Braokenheim.  P.  1,000. 
■  Stettin,  a  strongly  fortified  town,  & 
next  to  Danzig,  the  chief  port  of  the 
Prussian  dom.,  cap.  prov.  Pomerania,  on 
the  W.  or  left  b.  of  the  Oder,  79  miles 
N.N.E.  Berlin,  with  which  it  is  connect- 
ed by  railway.  P.  42,000.  It  communi- 
cates with  a  suburb  across  the  river  by 
two  wooden  bridges.    A  statue  of  Fred- 


k 


740 


CrCLOP^DIA    OF    GEOGRAPHV. 


[STO 


erick  the  Great  ornaments  Its  royal 
square. — The  Stettiner-haffis  an  enlarge- 
ment of  the  Oder  immediately  N.  Stet- 
tin, having  an  area  of  nearly  200  sq.  m., 
depth  from  12  to  18  feet. 

Steuben,  a  S.W.  co.  N.  Y.  Axe^a.,  1,400 

sq.   m.     Cap.  Bath.      P.  63,771. II. 

N.E.  CO.  la.  iCrea,  225  sq.  m.  Cap.  An- 
gola.    P.  6,104. III.  p-t.,  Oneida  co. 

N.  Y.     P.  1,744. 

Steubenville,  p-v.,  cap.  Jefferson  co. 

0.  There  is  a  college  here.     P.  6,139. 
Stewart,    a  N.W.  co.  Tenn.      Area, 

575  sq.  m.     Cap.  Dover.     P.  9,719. 

II.  a  N.W.  CO.  Ga.  Area,  682  sq.  m. 
Cap.  Lumpkins.     P.  16,027. 

Stewarton,  a  thriving  manufacturing 
town  of  Scotland,  co.  Ayr.     P.  2,969. 

Stewartstown,  a  mkt.  town  of  Irel., 
Ulster.     P.  1,082. 

Steyer,  a  town  of  Upp.  Austria,  19  m. 
S.E.  Linz.     P.  10,000. 

Stia,  a  village  of  Tuscany,  23  m.  E. 
Florence.     P.  2,400. 

Stiepanow,  two  market  towns  of  the 

Austrian  empire. 1.   Bohemia,  20  m. 

S.   Kaurzim. II.   Moravia,  24   miles 

N.N.W.  Briinn. 

Stieene-Oerne,  an  isl.  group  of  Nor- 
way, at  the  mouth  of  the  Bukke-fiord. 

Stiernoe,  two  isls.  of  Norway,  in  the 
N.  sea,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Skager- 
rack. 

Stigliano,  a  market  town  of  Naples, 
on  a  height,  27  miles  S.W.  Matera.      P. 

4,300. II.  a  vill.  of  Pontif  sta.,  25  m. 

N.W.  Rome,  with  warm  springs,  the  an- 
cient Aqua.  Apollinares. 

Stillwater,  two  townships,  U.  S. 

1.  New  York,  20  m.  N.N.E.  Albany.  P. 
2,733.      Here    General    Burgoyne    was 

captured  by  the  Americans  in  1777. 

II.  New  Jersey.  77  m.  N.  Treuton.  P. 
1,476. 

Stilo,  a  town  of  Naples,  20  m.  N.E.  . 
Gerace.     P.  2,200. 

Stirling,  a  river-port,  town,  of  Scot- 
land, cap.  CO.,  on  the  W.  or  r.  b.  of  the 
Forth,  31  m.  W.N.W.  Edinburgh.  In  the 
beauty  of  its  site  it  rivals  the  Scottish 
metropolis.  The  castle,  of  the  origin  of 
which  nothing  is  known,  was  a  favorite 
residence  of  James  V.,  &  contains  the 
palace  &  parliament  house  built  by  him, 
but  now  used  as  barracks.  Vessels  of 
70  tons  only  can  reach  its  quays  ;  but  it 
has  an  extensive  coasting  &  export  trade 
in -wool  sent  to  England.  P.  12,357. 
Near  Stirling  are  the  remains  of  Cambus- 
kenneth  Abbey  ;  &  close  to  the  town,  in 
1314,  was  fought  the  famous  battle  of 
Bannockburn. 


Stirlingshire,  an  inland  co.  of  Scot- 
land, extending  almost  across  the  isth- 
mus between  the  firths  of  Clyde  &  Forth. 
Area,  502  sq.  m.     P.  85,726. 

Stobnica,  a  town  of  Poland,  32  miles 
S.S.E.  Kielce.  P.  1,578.— Stobychva  is  a 
rakt.  town  of  Russian  Poland,  22  m.  N.E. 
Kovel. 

Stochod,  a  river  of  Russian  Poland, 
joins  the  Pripet,  27  m.  S-W.  Pinsk,  after 
a  course  of  90  m. 

Stockach,  a  walled  town  of  South 
Germany,  Baden,  15  m.  N.W.  Constance. 
P.  1,655. 

Stockbridge,  t.,  AVindsor  CO.  Vt.     P. 

1,418. II.  t.,  Berkshire  co.  Mass.     P. 

1,932. III.  p-t.,  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  P. 

2,081. 

Stockj;rau,  a  market  town  of  Lower 
Austria,  on  an  arm  of  the  Danube.  P. 
3,659. 

Stockheim,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Bel- 
gium, 5  m.  S.W.  Maaseyck.     P.  LOOO. 

Stockholm,  the  cap.  city  of  Sweden, 
on  its  E.  coast,  at  the  junction  of  Lake 
Mselar  with  the  Baltic,  lat.  of  observatory, 
59°  20'  6"  N.,  Ion.  18°  3'  7"  E.  P.  84,- 
160.  Mean  temp,  of  year,  42°  .2  ;  win- 
ter 26°,  summer  60°,  Fah.  It  covers  an 
area  of  4^  sq.  m.,  partly  on  the  main- 
land, but  chiefly  on  a  number  of  islands, 
united  "by  many  bridges.  On  the  three 
principal  islands  most  of  the  houses  are 
of  stone,  &■  there  are  clustered  the  chief 
public  edifices.  The  cathedral  is  an  im- 
posing edifice,  with  fine  paintings  &  stat- 
uary ;  &  in  the  Riddarholm  church  are 
the  tombs  of  the  kings  of  Sweden,  <fc 
many  national  military  trophies.  Stock- 
holm is  the  chief  commercial  emporium 
of  Sweden.  The  harbor,  though  some- 
what difficult  of  entrance,  is  good ;  large 
ships  can  lie  close  to  the  quays,  &  it 
communicates  by  canals,  &c.,  with  a 
large  part  of  the  interior  of  Scandinavia. 
Stockholm  was  founded  in  the  13th  cen- 
tury, but  it  was  not  until  the  17th  cen- 
tury that  it   superseded    TJpsal    as  the 

Swedish  capital. II.  t.,  St.  Lawrence 

CO.  N.  Y.,  on  the  river   St.  Regis.     P. 
3,661. 

Stockhorn,  a  mountain  of  Switzer- 
land, 18  m.  S.  Bern.  It  has  two  conical 
peaks,  one  of  which  rises  to  7,211  feet 
above  the  sea. 

Stockport,  a  manuf.  town  &  tnship.  of 
Engl.,  CO.  Chester,  on  the  Mersey,  at  the 

influx  of  the  Tame.     P.  90,025. II.  a 

tnshp.,  Columbia  co.  New  York,  onihe 
Hudson,  24  m.  S.  Albany.     P.  1,655P 

Stockton,  p-t.,  Chautauque  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  1,642.    : 


str] 


UNIVEBSAL    GAZETTEER. 


141 


Stockton-on-Tees,  a  seaport  town  of 
England,  co.  Durham,  on  the  N.  bank  of 
the  Tees.     P.  52,932. 

Stoddard,  a  co.  Mo.,  in  its  S.E. 
part.    Cap.  Bloomfield.     Area,  900  sq.  na. 

P.  4,277. II.  t.,  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  P. 

1,036. 

Stokes,  a  N.W.  co.  N.  C.  Area,  836 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Germantown.     P.  9,266. 

Stokesley,  a  marlcettown  of  Eng'and, 
CO.  York,  N.  Riding.    P.  2,735. 

Stoke-up  on- Trent,  a  town,  England, 
CO.  Stafford.     P.  57,946. 

Stolatz,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
17  m.  S.E.  Mpstar.     P.  1,200. 

Stolberg,  a  town  of  Saxony,  11  miles 

S.S.W.  Chemnitz.  P.  3,592. II.  a  town 

of  Rhenish  Prussia.  7  rh.  E.  Aix-la-Cha- 
pelle.  P.  2,756.  Adjoining  the  town  is 
the  Stolbergburg  castle,  famous  as  a 
hunting  rendezvous  in  the  time  of  Char- 
lemagne.-  III.  prov.  Saxony,  in  the 

Harz.     P.  2,710. 

Stolbovoi,  an  island  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
in  the  Arctic  ocean. 

Stolkwyk,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
13  m.  E.N.E.  Rotterdam.     P.  1,433. 

Stolpe,   a  walled    town  of   Prussian 

Pomerania.     P.  8,600. II.   a  vill.  in 

the  prov.  Brandenburg,  5  m.  E.S.E.  An- 
germlinde. — Stolpen  is  a  town.  Saxony, 
15  m.  E.  Dresden.     P.  1,283. 

Stolzenau,  a  market  town,  Hanoyer, 
17  m.  N.ISr.E.  Minden.     P.  1,763. 

Stommelen,  a  vill.  of  Rhen.  Prussia, 
10  m.  N.W.  Cologne.     P.  1,500. 

Stone,  a  market  town  of  England,  co. 
&  7  m.  N.N.W.  Stafford.     P.  8,849. 

Stoneham,  t.,  Middlesex  co.  Mass. 
P.  1,017. 

Stonehaven,  a  seaport  town  of  Scot- 
land, cap.  CO.  Kincardine,  on  the  E.  coast. 
P.  3,012. 

Stonehenge,  thei  remains  of  a  gigantic 
Druidic  temple  in  England,  co.  Wilts,  on 
Salisbury-plain,  8i  m.  N.N.W.  Salisbury. 

Stonelick,  t.,  Clermont  co.  0.  P. 
1,477. 

Stonington,  tnshp.,  Conn.,  on  Long 
Island  sound,  12  miles  E.  New  London. 
Inhabitants  chiefly  employed  in  whaling 
&  maritime  trade.  It  has  a  good  har- 
bor. P.  5,431. — North  Stonington  is  an 
adjoining  town,  with  a  p.  of  1,936. 

Stony  Creek,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.  Pa. 
P.  1,248. 

Stony  Point,  Orange  co.  N.  T.,  is  a 
high  rocky  promontory,  at  the  head  of 
H^erstraw  bay,  in  Hudson  river,  on 
which  was  a  fort,  in  the  revolutionary 
watr,  bravely  taken  by  storm  from  the 
British,  in  1779,  by  the  Americans,  under 


Gen.  Wayne.  A  light-house  has  been 
erected  on  the  site  of  the  old  fort. 

Stor,  several  rivers,  &c.,  of  Scandina- 
via.  1,  duchy  Holstein,  joins  the  Elbe. 

L.  50  m. II.  Jutland,  enters  Nissum 

fiord. III.  {S.-An),  Sweden,  tributa- 
ry to  the  Ammer. IV.  {S.-Afvan),  a 

lake,  receives  from  the  N.W.  the  surplus 

waters   of  the  Horn-Afvan. V.  {S. 

Umea),  an  expansion  of  the  river  Uniea. 
L.  N.W.  to  S.E.,  25  m.;  gr.  br.  6  m.— 
Stora-Lulea-Wattnen  is  a  long  expan- 
sion of  the  river  Lulea.  L.  N.W.  to  S.E. 
90  m. ;  br.  varies  to  5  m. 

Storchnest,  a  town  of  Prussian  Po- 
land, 37  m.  S.S.W.  Posen.  -  P.  1,300.' 

Stohkow,  a  town  of  Prussia,  26 
m.  W.S.W.  Erankfiirt-on-the-Oder.  P. 
1,350. 

Storm-Bay,  Tasmania,  is  on  the  S.E. 
side  of  Van  Diemen's  Land. 

Stornoway,  a  seap.  t.  of  the  Hebrides, 
Sootl.,  CO.  Ross,  isl.  of  Lewis.    P.  1,354. 

Stokoe,  an  island  of  Norway,  30  m.  S. 
Bergen.     L.,  N.  to  S.,   15  m.,  br.  7  miles. 

ST0R-g^l.s;N,  two  lakes  of  Sweden,  Isens 
Gefleborg  &  Ostersund.  —  Storsceen  & 
Storvand  are  lakes  of  Norway. 

Stor-Uman,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  25  m. 
in  length  by  6  m.  in  grt.  breadth. 

Stotteritz,  a  vill.  of  Saxony,  2  m. 
S.E.  Leipzig.     P.  2,505. 

Stoughton,  t.,  Norfolk  co.  Mass.,  20  m. 
S.  Boston.  P.  3,494,  extensively  employ- 
ed in  manufs.  of  boots  &  shoes. 

Stour,  several  rivers  of  Engl. 1. 

flows  mostly  S.E.,  joins  the  Avon,  &  en- 
ters the  English  channel. II.  expands 

into  an  estuary,  which  joins  that  of  tbe 
Orwell,  to  enter  the  N.  sea  at  Harwich. 

III.  rises  by  two  heads  which  unite 

at  Ashford,  &  below  Canterbury  it  di- 
vides into  two  arms,  which  enter  the  sea, 
insulating  Thanet. 

Stourbridge,  a  market  town  &  town- 
ship of  Engl.,  CO.  &  20  m.  N.N.E.  Wor- 
cester.    P.  7,481. 

Stourport,  a  mkt.  town  of  &  tnship. 
of  Engl.,  CO.  '\1toveester,  4  m.  S.S.W.  Kid- 
derminster.    P.  3,012. 

Stow,  t.,  Lamoille  co.  Vt.     P.  1,371. 

II.  t.,  Middlesex  co.  Mass.     P.  1 ,230. 

III.  t.,  Summit  co.  0.     P.  1,533. 

Stowmabket,  a  mkt.  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Suffolk.     P.  3.043. 

Stow-on-the-Wold,  a  market  town  of 
England,  co.  Gloucester.     P.  2,140. 

Stra,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  15  m.  W. 
Venice,  on  the  Brenta.     P.  1,800. 

Stra,  a  township,   Penn.,  Adams  co., 

6  m.  N.E.  Gettysburg.     P.  1,376. IL 

a  township,  co.  Washington.    P.  1,675. 


742 


CYCLOP-«DIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[STR 


Strabane,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Ulster,  CO.  Tyrone.     P.  3,611. 

Stradbally,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland, 
Lein.ster,  Queen's  co.,  on  the  Strad.  P. 
1,682. 

Stradella,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.  Italy, 
Piedmont,  near  the  Po.  P.  of  eomm. 
5,563. 

Strafford,  a  S.E.  co.  N.  H.  Cap. 
Dover.     Area,  500  sq.  miles.     P.  29,364. 

II.  t,  Stratford  co.  N.  H.     P.  2,021. 

III.  t.,  Orange  co.  Vt.     P.  1,762. 

Strakonitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on 
the  Wotlawa.   '  P.  3,900. 

Stralen,  a  vill.  of  Prussia,  27  miles 
N.W.  Diisseldorf.     P.  1,720. 

Stralsund,  a  strongly  fortified  town 
of  Prussia,  prov.  Pomerania,  86  m.  N.W. 
Stettin.     P.  16,600. 

Strambeeg,  a  town  of  Moravia,  3  m. 
S.W.  Freyberg.     P.  2,507. 

Strambino,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.  Italy, 
Piedmont,  6  m.  S.  Ivrea.  P.  of  comm. 
3,907. 

Strangford,  a  seaport  &  mkt.  town 
of  Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  Down.  P.  571.— 
Lough  Strangford  is  a  large  lake,  or 
inlet  of  the  sea,  between  Belfast  lough 
&  Dundrum  bay,  15  m.  in  length. 

Strangnaes,  a  town  of  Sweden. 
[Strengnas] 

Stranorlar,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland, 
Ulster,  CO.  Donegal.  | 

Stranraer,  a  seaport  town  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  Wigtown.     P.  3,450. 

Strasbourg,  a  strongly  fortified  city 
of  France,  on  its  B.  frontier,  cap.  dep. 
Bas-Bhin,  &  formerly  cap.  prov.  Alsace, 
on  W.  bank  of  the  111,  near  the  1.  b.  of 
the  Rhine,  to  which  its  glacis  extends,  & 
72  m.  N.  Basle.  P.  52,186.  The  forti- 
fied city  is  of  triangular  form,  enclosed 
by  bastioned  ramparts,  strengthened  by 
numerous  outworks,  &  entered  by  seven 
gates.  The  vast  cathedral,  founded  a.d. 
504,  &  the  choir  built  by  Charlemagne,  is 
chiefly  a  modern  edifice,  begun  in  the 
10th  but  not  finished  till  the  15th  century, 
with  a  spire  466  feet  iu  height,  or  33  ft. 
higher  than  St.  Peter's,  at  Rome.  The 
building  is  in  every  part  richly  decorated 
with,  sculpture,  &  it  has  a  remarkable  as- 
Btronomical  clock,  &  fine  stained-glass 
windows.  It  has  a  very  extensive  transit 
trade,  by  its  connections  with  Germany, 
Switzerland,  N.  Italy,  &  all  W.  continen- 
tal Europe.  It  has  belonged  to  France 
in  modern  times  since  1681:  &  is  the 
birthplace  of  Marshal  Kellerman,  Gen. 
Kleber,  &  of  Pierre  Schoeffer,  who  con- 
tests with  Guttenburg  the  honor  of  the 
invention  of  printing. 


Sthasburg,  t.,  Prussia,  28  m.  N.N.E. 

Templin.     P.  4,400. II.  W.  Prussia, 

on  the  Drewenz.     P.  3,750. III.  p-t., 

Lancaster  co.  Pa.     P.  4,155. 

Strasznitz,  a  town  of  Moravia,  13  m. 
S.S.W;  Hradisch,  on  the  March.  Pop. 
4,100. 

Stratfieldsaye,  a  pa.  of  England, 
cos.  Hants  &  Berks.  Area,  3,860  ac.  P. 
839.  On  the  Lodder,  in  this  pa.,  is  the 
estate  of  the  duke  of  Wellington,  con- 
ferred on  him  by  parliament  for  his  ser- 
vices in  the  Peninsular  war,  &  whieh-for- 
merly  belonged  to  the  great  earl  of 
Chatham  &  W.  Pitt. 

Stratford,  several  market  towns  of 

England. II.    t.,    Fairfield  co.  Conn. 

P.  2,040. 

.  Stratford-upon-Avon,  a  twnshp.  of 
Engl.,  CO.  &  8  miles  S.W.  Warwick.  P. 
"Sy321.  It  is  neatly  built  in  a  modern 
style;  various  fires  in  the  16th  &  17th 
centuries  destroyed  most  of  its  older 
buildings,  &  that  where  Shakspeare  died 
was  wantonly  razed  by  its  proprietor ; 
but  the  house  in  which  the  great  poet 
was  born  has  been  preserved. 

Strathaven,   a  bui-gh  of  barony  of 

Scotland,  co.  Lanark.      P.  3,852. II. 

a  narrow  Highland  valley  in   the  S.W- 
of  CO.  Banff. 

Strathbogie,  a  dist.  of  Scotland,  co. 
Aberdeen.     P.  9,762. 

Strathearn,  the  vale  of  the  Earn,  in 
Scotland,  co.' Perth. 

Strathmiglo,  a  burgh  of  barony  of 
Scotland,  co.  Fife,  10  m.  W.S.W.  Cupar, 
on  the  Miglo.     P.  1,304. 

Strathmore  ("  the  great  valley"),  an 
extensive  lowland  tract  in  Scotland. 

Stratus,  a  ruined  city  of  Greece.  Its 
remains  are  on  the  E.  b.  of  the  Aohelous. 

Straubing,  a  walled  town  of  Lower 
Bavaria,  25  miles  S.E.  Regensbur'g.  P. 
8,825. 

Strausberg,  a  walled  town  of  Prus-, 
sia,  20  m.  E.N.E.  Berlin.  P.  3,500.— 
Strausfurt  is  a  vill.  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
13  m.  isr.  Erfurt.     P.  1,066. 

Strehla,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the 
Elbe.     P.  2,100. 

Strehlen,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
23  m.  S.  Breslau.     P.  4,700. 

Strelitz,  two  towns  of  Prussian  Sile- 
sia.  {Gross,  or  Great),  2  m.  S.E.  Op- 

peln,  cap.  circ.     P.  2,400. 

Strelitz,  a  neat  moderh  vill.  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  Perth. — Strelitz  is  a  town  of 
Mecklenburg-Strelitz,  2  m.  S.S.E.  Neu- 
Strelitz.     P.  3,089. 

Stretensk,  a  town  of  Siberia,  50  miles 
E.N.E.  Nertchinsk. 


STU] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZKTTEER. 


Y43 


Stretton  (Chitech),  a  market   town  i 
of  England,  co.  Salop.     P.  1,604.     Nea.r 
it  is  Caer-Caradoc,  where  Caractacus  is 
supposed  to  have  been  defeated  by  Os- 
torius. 

iSteiegau,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  33  m.  W.S.W.  Breslau.  P.  5,100. 
The  Prussians  defeated  the  Austrians 
here  in  1745. 

Strivali,  or  Stamphane  Islands, 
Strophades,  a  group  of  four  small  Ionian 
islets,  28  m.'S.  Zante. 

Sthogonov  Bay,  an  inlet  of  Japan,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  Jesso. 

Strokestown,  a  njarket  town  of  Ire- 
land, Connaught,  co.  Roscommon.  P. 
1,611. 

Stroma,  an  island  off  the  N.  extremity 
of  Scotland. — Stromay  is  a  small  island 
of  the  €uter  Hebrides,  off  the  N.  ex- 
tremity of  North  Uist. 

Stromberg,  two  towns  of  Prussia. 

I.  29  m.  E.S.E.  Miinster.      P.  1,500. 

II.  Rhenish  Prussia,  30  m.  S.S.E.  Cob- 
lenz.     P.  1,020. 

Sthomboli,  the  most  N.E.  of  the  Li- 
pari  islands  in  the  Mediterranean,  off  the 
N.  coast  of  Sicily.  Shape  nearly  round  ; 
circuit  about  12  m.  P.  1,200,  who  raise 
good  wine,  wheat,  barley,  cotton,  raisins, 
currants,  &  figs.  It  is  wholly  of  volca- 
nic formation,  consisting  of  a  conical  bi- 
furcated rock,  rising  2,500  feet  above  the 
sea,  &  at  its  W.  extremity  is  an  active 
volcano. 

Steomness,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotl., 
CO.  &  on  the  mainland  of  Orkney.  P. 
2,057. 

Stromoe,  the  chief  of  the  Fseroe  isls. 

Stromsoe,  one  of  the  three  small 
towns  of  Norway. 

Stromstad,  a  town  of  Sweden,  on  the 
Skagerrack.     P.  1,100. 

Strong,  t.,  Franklin  co.  Me. 

Strongsville,  p-t.,  Cuyahoga  co.  0. 
P.  1,151. 

Strongou,  a  vill.  of,  Naples.  P. 
1,200. 

Strongylo,  an  islet  of  the  Grecian 
archipelago. 

Stronsay,  one  of  the  Orkney  islands, 
Scotland.  Area,  about  14  sq.  m.  P. 
939. 

Stroppiana,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  N. 
Italy,  Piedmont,  8  m.  S.S.E.  Vercelli.  P. 
2,211. — Stroppo  is  a  comm.  &  vill.,  24 
m.  W.N.W.  Coni. 

Stroud,  a  town  of  England,  co.  &  9  m. 

S.S.E.  Gloucester. II.  t.,  Monroe  co. 

Pa.    P.  1,206. III.   a  vill.   of  New 

South  "Wales,  co.  Gloucester,  on  the  Kar- 
ruah,  7  m.  from  Bourral. 


Struga,  a  small  town  of  European 
Turkey,  Albania. 

Stry,  a  river  of  Austrian  Poland,  G-a- 
licia,  after  a  course  of  110  m.,  joins  the 

Dniester. II.  a  fortified  town  of  Ga- 

licia,  on  the  Stry.     P.  2,682. 

Strykow,  a"town  of  Poland,  64  miles 
S.W.  Warsaw.     P.  1,200. 

Strymon,  the  ancient  name  of  the 
river  Struma,  a  river  of  Macedonia, 
European  Turkey. — The  S try monic gulf , 
which  it  enters,  is  a  name  of  the  gulf  of 
Contessa. 

Strynoe,  two  islets  of  Denmark.  P. 
650. 

Strzelno,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland. 
P.  2,380. 

Stubbekiobing,  a  marit.  town  of  Den- 
mark, on  the  N.E.  coast  of  the  island 
Falster.     P.  1,000. 

Stuhlingen,  a  town  of  Baden,  10  m. 
N.W.  Schaffhausen.     P.  593. 

Stuhlweissenbxjrg,  a  town  of  TV. 
Hungary,  cap.  co.,  in  a  marshy  tract,  16 
m.  N.E.  Lake  Balaton.     P.  21,000. 

Stuhm,  a  town  of  W.  Prussia,  13  m. 
N.N.E.  Marienwejder.  P.  1,250.  It  has 
an  old  castle.  Here  Gustavus  Adolphus 
defeated  the  Poles  in  1630. 

Stuka,  a  town  of  Morocco,  65  m.  S.W. 
Terodant. 

Stura,  two  rivers  of  N.  Italy,  Pied- 
mont.  1,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  35  m., 

joins  the  Pp. II.  flows  for  70  m.  N.E. 

&  joins  the  Tanaro. 

Sturbridge,  a  twnshp.,  "Worcester  co. 
Mass.     P.  1,779. 

Sturgeon  (Bay),  an  inlet  on  the  E. 
side  of  Green  bay,  lake  &  state  Michi- 
gan.— {Lake),  British  N.  America. 

Sturminster-Newton-Castle,  a  mkt. 
town  &  pa.  of  England,  co.  Dorset.  P. 
1,920. 

Sturt,  a  CO.  of  S.  Australia,  bounded 
E.  by  the  Murray  river,  having  S.  Lake 
Alexandrina. — {Mountain),  S.  Australia, 
is  the  most  conspicuous  summit  of  Gaw- 

ler  range,  W.  of  Spencer  gulf. II.  a 

mntn.  of  New  South  "Wales. — {River),  S. 
Australia,  enters  the  gulf  of  St.  Vincent 
at  Glenelg. 

Stuttgart,  the  cap.  city  of  "Wiirtem- 
berg,  S.  Germany,  on  the  Nesenbach,  a 
small  affl.  of  the  Neckar.  P.  28,616.  It 
is  surrounded  by  gardens  &  vineyards,  & 
is  entered  by  an  avenue  of  poplars.  Ifc 
has  some  broad  &  handsome  streets  & 
fine  squares,  in  one  of  which  is  the  royal 
palace,  a  freestone  edifice.  Stuttgart  has 
a  public  library  containing  200,000  vols. 
&  1,800  MSS.,  museum  of  natural  history, 
with  a  remarkable  series  of  fossils,  royal 


r44 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPIIV. 


[SUF 


cabinets  of  coins  &  medals,  with  17,000 
coins,  antiquities,  &  maps ;  the  royal  li- 
brary of  50,000  vols.,  &  many  private  li- 
braries. _ 

Stutzaitza,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, Macedonia.     P.  4,000. 

Stuyvesant,  a  tnshp.,  Columbia  co. 
N.  Y.,  on  the  Hudson,  E.  bank,  17  m.  S. 
Albany.  P.  1,779.  Steamers  ply  to  New 
York. — Stuyvesant- Falls  is  a  vill.  about 
10  m.  S.-ward,  on  Kinderhook-creek. 

Styr,  a  river  of  Austrian  &  Russian 
Poland,  Gralicia,  after  a  N.  course  of  200 
m.,  joins  the  Pripet. 

Styria,  a  prov.  of  the  Austrian  em- 
pire, with  the  title  of  duchy,  having  E. 
Hungary,  S.  lUyria  &  Croatia,  N.  &  W. 
Upper  Austria.  Area,  8,658  sq.  m.  P. 
950,6 12f  mainly  of  German  descent.  Av- 
erage annual  produce  of  iron,  516,136 
cwt. ;  copper,  1,047  cwt. ;  salt,  160,000 
cwt. ;  alum,  4,145  cwt.;  coal,  404,986 
cwt.  Styria  was  erected  into  a  margrav- 
iate  by  Charlemagne  ;  it  has  belonged  to 
Austria  ever  since  1192. 

Stjakin,  a  seaport  town  of  the  Red  sea, 
on  an  island  off  its  W.  coast.    P.  8,000.(?) 

SuBACHi,  a  small  maritime  town  of 
Circassia,  on  the  Black  sea. 

SuBATHOo,  a  town  of  N.W.  Hindostan, 
28  m.  S.E.  Belaspoor.  P.,  with  Sewah  & 
Burowlee,  5,535. 

SuBBULGHUR,  two  towus  of  Hindoatan. 

1.  70  m.  S.W.  Agra. II.  18  m.  S. 

Hurdwar. 

SuBiAco,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  Pon- 
tif  sta.,  31  m.  E.  Rome.  P.  5,840.  It  is 
picturesquely  situated,  &  has  a  famous 
monastery,  founded  in  the  5th  century,  & 
remains  of  a  villa  of  Nero, 

SuBROY,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan,  prov. 
Cutch. 

SuBTiAVA,  a  town  of  Central  America, 
state  Nicaragua,  on  a  small  lake  near 
the  Pacific,  40  miles  S.S.E.  Leon.  P. 
5,000. 

SuBUNREEKA,  a  river  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal,  enters  the  bay  of  Bengal 
after  a  S.E.  course  of  250  m. 

SuBZAWUR,  a  decayed  town  &  fort  of 
W.  Aflfghanistan,  on  a  river  110  m.  S. 
Herat. — Subzulcote  is  the  N.  frontier 
town  of  Scinde,  60  m.  N.E.  Roree-Buk- 
kur.     P.  5,000. 

SuBZOw,  or  ZouETzov,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, on  the  Volga.     P.  3,000. 

SuccADANA,  a  maritime  town  on  tl^e 
W.  coast  of  Borneo,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Simpang  river. 

Sues,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Loire  Inf ,  on  the  Erdre,  8  miles  N.N.E. 
Nantes.     P.  2,119. — Sucy-en-Brie  is  a 


comm.   &   vill..   dep.  Seine-et-Oise.     P. 
J, 175. 

Su-cHEw,  a  large  city  of  China,  prov. 
Kiang-su,  in  which  it  holds  the  second 
rank,  110  m.  S.E.  Nanking.  It  is  stated 
to  be  10  m.  in  circuit. 

SucHiLTEPEc,  a  town  of  Central  Amer- 
ica, state  Guatemala,  cap.  dep.,  75  m.  W. 
New  Guatemala,  on  the  river  Suchilte- 
pec,  which  enters  the  Pacific  ocean. . 

SiJcHTELN,  a  vill.  of  Rhen.  Prussia,  19 
m.  W.N.W.  Diisseldorf,  on  the  N.  canal. 
P.  1,840. 

Suck,  a  river  of  Ireland,  Connaught. 

SuDAK,  a  maritime  town  of  the  Cri- 
mea, S.  Russia.  ' 

Sudbury,  a  town  of  England,  cos.  Suf-       1 

folk  &  Essex,  on  the  Stour.    P.  5,085. 1 

II.  t.,  Middlesex  co.  Mass.     P.  1,422. 

Sudermania,  or  Sudermannland,  an 
old  prov.  of  Sweden. 

Sudeten-Gebirge,  a  mountain  range 
of  Germanj',  which  encircles  Bohemia. 

SuDJA,  a  town  of  Russia,  52  m.  S.W. 
Koursk.     P.  3,000. 

SuDOGDA,  a  town  of  Russia,  20  m.  S.E. 
Vladimir.     P.  1,500. 

SuDUD,  a  large  vill.  of  Syria,  pash. 
Damascus. 

SuDUK,  a  river  of  Beloochistan,  after  a 
S.  course  of  60  miles,  enters  the  Indian 
ocean. 

Sueca,  a  town  of  Spain,  20  miles  S.E.  • 

Valencia,  on  the  Jucar.     P.  8,862. 

Suevres,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.'  Loir-et-Cher,  near  the  rt.  b.  of  the 
Loir.     P.. 1,957. 

Suez,  a  frontier  seaport  town  of  Egypt, 
near  the  head  of  the  gulf  of  Suez  (Red 
sea),  76  miles  E.  Cairo.  P.  from  1,500  to 
2,000.  It  is  a  station  for  numerous  cara- 
vans &  travellers.  It  is  a  wretched  town. 
Its  port  will  not  receive  boats  of  more 
than  60  tons,  &  steamers  must  moor  2  m. 
from  the  town.  From  its  position  on  the 
high  road  between  Egypt  &  the  East, 
Suez  has  always  been  a  place  of  exten- 
sive transit  trade. — The  gulf  of  Suez  is 
the  W.  arm  of  the  Red  sea.  L.  200  m., 
av.  br.  30  m.— The  isthmus  of  Suez  is 
the  neck  of  land  connecting  Asia  &  Af- 
rica, having  S.  the  gulf  of  Suez,  &  N.  the 
Mediterranean  ;  br.  72  m. 

SuFEiD  KoH,  Afighanistan,  100  m.  S. 
the  Hindoo  Koush,  bounds  the  valley  of 
Cabool  on  the  S.  It  has  three  parallel 
ranges,  the  two  lower  covered  with  pine 
woods,  the  loftiest  steep  &  rocky,  rising 
in  one  part  to  14,200  feet  in  height,  & 
covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

SuFFEEDUN,  a  towu  of  Bvltish  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 


eul] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


V45 


StTFFiELD,  t.,  Hartford  eo.  Conn.  P. 
2,962. II.  t.,  Portage  oo.  0.    P.  1,212. 

Suffolk,  a  maritime  co.  of  England, 
having  E.  the  North  sea.  Area,  1,515 
sq.  m.  The  Ouse  &  Waveney  rivers  form 
tlie  N.  boundarv ;  the  S.  limit  is  formed 

by  the  Stour.     P.  335,991. II.  an  E. 

CO.  Mass.  Are.a,  110  sq.  m.  Cap.  Bos- 
ton.    P.  144,507. III.  CO.  N.  Y.,  E. 

end  L.  I.     Area,  937  sq.  m.     P.  36,922. 

IV.  p-v.,  cap.  ■  Nansemoncl   co.  Va. 

P.  1,500. 

Sugar  Cheek,  t.,  Armstrong  eo.  Pa. 

P.  1,852. II.  t.,  Venango  co.  Pa.     P. 

1,093. III.  t,  Greene  co.  0.    P.  2,369. 

IV.  t..  Stark  co.  0.    P.  1,862.— V. 

t.,  Wayne  co.  0.      P.  2,223. VI.  t., 

Tusearawas  co.  0.  P.  1,450. — Sugar 
Grove  is  a  vill.,  Penn.,  co.  Warren.  P. 
l,062.^Sugar  Island  is  in  the  strait  be- 
tween lakes  Superior  &  Huron. 

Sugar  Lake,  Cravyford  co.  Pa. 

Sugar  Lo.4f,  t.,  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  P. 
1,306.     ■ 

SuGHRA,  a  small  seaport  town  of  S.E. 
Arabia. 

SuHL,  a  town  of  Central  Gei-many,  in 
a  detached  dist.  of  Prussian  Saxony,  30 
m.  S.W.  Erfurt.     P.  8,005. 

SuHR,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  2  m.  S.E. 
Aarau.     P.  (with  comm.)  1,423. 

SuiPPEs,  a  coiHin.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Marne,  an  affl  of  the  Aisne,  14  miles 
17.N.E.  Chalons.     P.  2,451. 

SuiR,  a  river  of  Ireland,  Munster,  ex- 
pands into  the  estuary,  Waterford  harbor, 
on  the  S.  coast.  Total  course  about  100 
miles. 

Suk-el-Shuyukh,  a  town  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Euphrates. 
Previously  to  the  plague  of  1832,  it  had 
npwards  of  10,000  inhabitants  ;  it  is  still 
the  seat  of  an  active  inland  commerce, 
&  has  an  export  trade  in  horses,  esteemed 
the  best  in  this  part  of  the  Turkish  dom. 

SuKHONA,  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the 
Jug  to  form  the  Dvina.  Total  course 
250  m. 

SuKKUR,  a  decayed  but  picturesque 
town  of  Seinde. 

Suku-l-Basir,  a  town  of  Arabia,  on  its 
S.E.  coast.     Estim.  p.  4,500. 

SuKYT,  a  small  town  of  the  Punjab. 

SuLA,  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the 
Dniepei*,  18  m.  N.W.  Krilov,  after  a  S. 
course  of  200  m. 

SuLEDAL,  a  pa.,  river,  &  lake  of  Nor- 
way ;  &  a  vill.,  amt.  &  48  m.  N.E.  Sta- 
vanger,  at  the  W.  extremity  of  the  lake. 

SuLEiMANiYAH,  a  town  of  Turkish 
Kurdistan,  40  m.  square.  It  comprises 
1,000  houses. 

32 


SuLEN  Islands,  a  group  off  the  W. 
coast  of  Norway,  stift  &  45  m.  N.N.W. 
Bergen. 

SuLGEN,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  on  the 
Thur,  4  miles  N.W.  Bischolfzell.  P. 
1,110. 

SuLi,  a  strong  fortress  of  European 
Turkey,  Epirus,  on  the  river  Suli,  31  m. 
S.W.  Yanina. 

SuLiMAN  Mountains,  a  range  in  E. 
Affghanistan. 

Sulimana,  a  state  of  W.  Africa,  Sene- 
gambia. 

SuLKEA,  a  town  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid.  Bengal,  on  the  Hooghly  river. 

Sullivan,  a  S.W.  co.  N.  H.  Area,  530 

sq.  m.    Can.  Newport.    P.  19,375. II. 

a  S.E.  CO.  N.  Y.     Area,  919  sq.  m.    Cap. 

Monticello.      P.  25,088. III.  a  N.E. 

CO.  Tenn.  Area,  520  sq.  m.    Cap.  Blount- 

ville.     P.  11,742. IV.  a  S.W.  co.  la. 

Area,  430  sq.  m.     Cap.  Benton.     P.  10,- 

141. V.  p-t.,  Madison  eo.  N.  Y.     P. 

4,764. VI.   p-t,    Tioga  co.  Pa.     P. 

1,378. — Sullivan  cove  is  a  bay  of  the 
Derwent  river,  Tasmania,  on  which  Ho- 

bartovvn  is  situated. VII.  co.  Mo.    P. 

2,983. Vm.  eo.  Pa.     P.  3,694. 

SiIlly,  two  comms.  &  small  towns  of 

France. 1,  dep.  Loiret,  on  1.  b.  of  the 

Loire,  24  m.  E.S.E.  Orleans.  P.  1,605. 
• — -II.  (la  Tour),  dep.  Nievre,  8  m.  S.E. 
Cosne.     P.  1,598. 

Sulmierszyce,  a  town  of  Prussian  Po- 
land, 11  m.  W.S.W.  Ostrowo.     P.  1,930.    - 

SuLMONA,  a  fortified  town  of  Naples, 
34  m.  S.E.  Aquila.     P.  5,800. 

SuLOOMBER,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan, 
40  m.  S  S.E.  Odeypoor. 

Sulphur  Island,  E.  sea,  N.  the  Loo- 
Choo  isls.,  lat.  27°  56'  N.,  Ion.  123°  30' 

E. II.  N.  Pacific,  Voleano  group.   S. 

the  Arzobispo  isls. 

SuLPicE    (St.),   numerous  comms.   & 

vills.  of  France. 1,  dep.  H.Garonne.  P. 

1,306. II.  dep.  Tarn.     P.  1,508. III. 

{les  Champs),  dep.  Creuse,  8  m.  W.N.W. 

Aubusson.     P.  1,136. IV.  {les  Feuil- 

les),  dep.  H.  Vienne,  19  m.  N.E.  Bellac. 
P.  1,802. 

SuLTANABAD,  a  town  of  Persia,  65  m. 
E.N.E.  Dorak.—  Sultan  Meidan,  Kho- 
rassan. 

SuLTANGUNGE.  2  towns  of  India. 1. 

Oude,  45  m.  W.N.W.   Lueknow. II. 

British  India,  presid.  Bengal. 

Sultan- HissAR,  a  vill.  of  Asia- Minor, 
Anatolia. 

SuLTANiA,  a  vill.  of  Asia-Minor,  Ana- 
tolia, 8i  m.  N.N.B.  Constantinople. 

SuLTANiEH,  a  ruined  town  of  Persia, 
115  miles  N.N.E.  Hamadan.— The  Sid- 


746 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGUAPFIT. 


[son 


~ tanieh-Hissar  or  Old  Castle  of  Asia,  is 
on  the  S.E.  bank  of  the  Hellespont. 

SuLTANPOOR,  several  towns  of  India, 

&c. 1.  Punjab,    23   m.    N.W.  Mundi. 

• II.  British  India,  presid.   Bombay. 

III.  dom.,  &  34  m.  S.  Oude. IV. 

AfFghanistan,  on  the  route  to  Cabool. 

SuLZ,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  the 
Neckar.  P.  2,349. — Suiza  is  a  town  of 
Saxe-Weimar,  on  the  Ilm,  15  m.  N.E. 
Weimar,  with  a  grand  ducal  residence,  & 
1,239  inhabs. 

SuLZBACH,  a  walled  town  of  Bavaria,  7 
m.  N.W.  Amberg,  on  the  Vils.     P.  2,912. 

II.  a  vill.,  AViirtemberg,  on  the  Murr. 

P.  1,476. 

SuLzBUEG,  a  town  of  Baden,  13  m.  S.W. 
Trieburg.  P.  1,144. II.  a  vill.,  Ba- 
varia, 7  miles  S.S.W.  Neumarkt.  P. 
1,144. 

SuLZE,  a  walled  town  of  Mecklenburg 
Schwerin,  21  miles  B.  Piostock.  Pop. 
3,580. — Sulzfeld  is  a  vill.  of  Baden,  3  m. 
S.W.  Eppingen.     P.  1,865. 

SuMANAp,  a  town  of  the  isl.  Madura. 

Sumatra,  the  most  W.  of  the  Sunda 
isls.,  Asiatic  archipelago,  &  next  to  Bor- 
neo, the  largest  in  the  E.  seas,  between 
lat.  5°  40'  N.  &  6°  S.,  &  Ion.  95°  20'  & 
106°  E.,  separated  N.E.  from  the  Malay 
peninsula  by  the  strait  of  Malacca,  hav- 
ing E.  the  Java  sea,  &  the  strait  of  Sun- 
da,  separating  it  from  the  isl.  Java,  & 
on  other  sides  the  Indian  ocean.  Length 
N.W.  to  S.E.  1,100  m. ;  br.  60  to  240  m. 
Area,  130,000  sq.  m. ;  p.  very  vaguely  es- 
tim.  at  from  2  to  3  millions,  mostly  Ma- 
lays, but  partly  of  the  Papuan  negro  race, 
with  Moors  in  the  N.W.,  &  Dutch  &  other 
foreigners.  Several  mountain  chains  run 
through  its  interior,  nearer  its  S.W.  than 
N.E.  coast,  &  rise  near  the  equator  to 
14,000  or  15,000  feet  in  height.  Princi- 
pal articles  of  export  are  pepper  to  about 
3  million  lbs.  yearly,  gold-dust,  copper 
ore,  sulphur,  camphor,  in  the  N. ;  nut- 
megs, cloves,  &  mace,  coral,  benzoin, 
gutta  percha,  &  tin.  The  isl.  is  divided 
amongst  a  number  of  native  states,  the 
chief  being  Acheen. 

SuMAUN,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

SuMBA,  a  town  of  India,  Deccan. 

II.  a  name  of  Sandalwood  Island. 

SuMBAWA,  one  of  the  Sunda  islands, 
Asiatic  archip.,  separated  W.-ward  from 
Lombok  by  the  strait  of  AUass,  &  E. 
from  Comodo  by  Sapy  strait.  L.  160  m., 
br.  20  to  60  miles. — Sumhawa,  a  town  on 
the  N.  coast  of  the  isl.,  100  ra.  W.  Bimah, 
lat.  8°  30'  S.,  Ion.  117°  30'  E.  Has  a 
good  harbor. 


SiTMBHUL,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  pre- 
sid. Bengul. 

SuMBHuLPOOR,  an  extensive  dist.  of 
British  India. — Sumbliulpoor,  the  cap., 
is  on  the  Mahanuddy,  143  miles  W.N.W. 
Cuttack. 

SuMEGH,  a  market  town  of  Hungary. 
P.  2,624. 

SuMENE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Gard,  5  m.  E.  Le  Vigan.     P.  1,977. 

SuMiswALD,  a  flourishing  vill.  of 
Switzerland,  15  miles  E.N.E.  Bern.  P. 
1,300. 

Summer  Hill,  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  1,251. II.  t.,  Crawford  co.  Pa.     P. 

1,638. III.  p-v.,  Cambria  CO.  Pa.     P. 

1,005. 

Summer  Islands,  a  group,  of  30  isls., 
at  the  entrance  of  Loch  Broom,  Scot- 
land. 

Summersville,  p-v.,  cap.  Nicholas  co. 
Va. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Chatooga  co.  Ga. 

Summit,  a  N.E.  co.  0.     Area,  422  sq. 

m.     P.  27,445. -11.  p-t.,  Schoharie  co. 

N.  Y.     P.  1,800. 

Sumner,  a'N.  co.  Tenn.     Area,  640  sq. 

m.     P.  22,717.     Cap.  Gallatin. II.  t., 

Oxford  CO.  Me.     P.  1,269. 

SuMPTER,  a  S.E.  dist.,  S.  C.  Area, 
1,240  sq.  m.     P.  33,220. 

SuMPTEHViLLE,  p-v.,   is  the  cap.     P. 

500. II.  a  W.  CO.  Ala.     Area,  1,200 

sq.  m.    Cap.  Livingston.     P.  22,250. y 

III.  a  S,W.  CO.  Ga.     Area,  675  sq.  miles. 
Cap.  Americus.     P.  10,322. 

SuMSHU,  the  most  N.  of  the  Kurile 
Islands. 

SuMvix,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  on  the 
Rhine,  5  m.  N.E.  Disentis.     P.  1,500. 

Sumy,  a  fortified  town  of  Russia,  82  m. 
N.W.  Kharkov,  near  the  river  Psiol.  P. 
13,000. 

Sunaper,  lake,  N.  H.,  9  m.  long. 

SuNART  (Loch),  an  inlet  of  the  sea, 
on  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland,  co.  Argyle. 
L.  22  m.,  br.  varies  to  4  m. 

Sunbury,  a  bor.,  Northumberland  co. 
Penn.,  on  the  Susquehanna,  across  which 
a  bridge  1,825  feet  in  length,  resting  on 
8  stone  piers,  connects  it  with  the  bor. 

Northumberland.     P.  1,108. II.  p-v., 

port  of  entry.  Liberty  co.  Ga.     P.  250. 

Sunda  Isles,  Asiatic  archipelago, 
comprise  Sumatra,  Java,  Bali,  Lorn  )ok, 
Flores,  &  the  other  isls.  of  the  same 
chain  as  far  E.  as  Timor,  &  separate  the 
seas  of  Java  &  Flores,  with  the  rest  of 
the  Asiatic  archipelago,  from  the  Indian 
ocean.  The  strait  of  Sunda  is  a  pas- 
sage betw.  the  isls.  Sumatra  &  Java, 
from  the  Indian  ocean  into  the  sea  of 
Java.     Breadth  70  to  90  m. 


sur] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


14:1 


Sunday  Island,  Pacific  ocean,  is  a 
lofty  &  rugged  isl. 

Sunday  River,  S.  Africa,  Cape  Colony, 
enters  Algoa  bay,  18  m.  N.E.  Port  Eliza- 
beth, after  a  course  of  200  m. 

Sundeela,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  Oude, 
31  m.  N.W.  Lucknow. 

Sunderland,  seaport,  Durham  co. 
England.  P.  70,561.  The  harbor  is 
defended  by  batteries,  &  connected  with 
it  is  a  large  wet  dock.  This  is  one  of  the 
principal  ports  of  England  for  the  ship- 
ment of  coal. 

SUNDHAUSEN,   &   SuNDHOFEN,   tWO 

comms.  &  vills.  of  France,  Rhine   deps. 

1.  Bas-Rhin.      P.  1,357. II.    H. 

Rhin.     P.  1,234. 

SuNDi,  a  town  of  Lower  G-uinea,  S.W. 
Africa,  Congo. 

SuNDLEPOOR,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

SuNDOCH.  one  of  the  small  protected 
Sikh  states  of  N.W.  Hindostan.     P.  1,200. 

SuNDRABONi,  a  Small  state  of  the  Asi- 
atic archipelago. 

SuNDsvALL,  a  seapdrt  town  of  Sweden, 
on  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.     P.  1,850. 

Sunflower,  co.,  Ark.     P.  1,102. 

SuNGiE-uJONG,  a  state  of  the  Malay 
peninsula.     P.  3,600. 

SuNGOHA,  a  maritime  town  of  Lower 
Siatn,  on  an  inlet  of  the  gulf  of  Siam,  90 
m.  S.E.  Ligor. 

SuNGUMEER,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bombay. 

SuNJEET,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan,  65 
m.  S.W.  Kotah. 

Sunk  Island,  an  island  in  the  estuary 
of  the  Humber,  England.  It  belongs  to 
the  crown,  is  increasing  in  extent,  &  has 
now  about  6,000  acres,  let  for  nearly 
9,200Z.  annually. — The  Sunk  Light  in 
N.  sea,  is  opposite  the  N^ze,  in  Essex. 

Sunn,  a  town  of  Scinde,  on  the  W.  of 
the  Indus. 

Superior  (Lake),  the  largest  &  most 
N.W.  of  the  5  great  lakes  of  N.  America, 
&  the  largest  existing  body  of  fresh  water 
known,  between  lat.  46°  30'  &  49°  N.,  & 
Ion.  85°  &  92°  20'  W.,  having  N.  &  E. 
territories  belonging  to  Great  Britain,  & 
S.  &  W.  the  United  States  territories 
Michigan  &  Huron.  Length,  B.  to  W., 
400  m. ;  greatest  breath  150  m.  Esti- 
mated area,  28,200  sq.  m.,  mean  depth 
900  feet ;  height  above  the  Atlantic  640 

feet. II.  p-t.,  Washtenaw  co.  Mich. 

P.  1,400. 

SupiNO,  a  small  town  of  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.,  7  m.  W.S.W.  Frosinone.     P.  3,360. 

SuK,  a  seaport  town  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Arabia,  90  m.  S.E.  Muscat. 


Sura,  a  river  of  Russia,  after  a  N. 
course  of  400  m.  joins  the  Volga. 

SuRAFEND,  a  large  vill.  of  Palestine, 
pash.  Acre,  on  a  hill-slope  near  the  Med- 
iterranean, 10  m.  S.W.  Sidon. 

Sura  J,  two  towns  of  Ru.^sia. 1.  25 

m.  N.E.  Vitebsk. II.  113  m.  N.N.E. 

Tchernigov. 

SuRAJiGUR,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. — Surajepoor  is  a  town, 
prov.  Allahabad,  on  the  Ganges,  14  m. 
E.  Kurrah. 

SuRAT,  a  city  of  British  India,  presid. 
Bombay,  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Tap- 
tee,  20  m.  from  its  mouth  in  the  gulf  of 
Cambay.  P.  157,000.(7)  The  town- 
proper,  6  m.  in  circumference,  is  enclosed, 
except  facing  the  river,  by  a  semicircu- 
lar wall  flanked  by  towers ;  it  is  poorly 
built.  Amongst  its  inhabitants  are  many 
Parsees,  the  descendants  of  the  ancient 
Persian  fire-worshippers  expelled  from 
Persia  by  the  Mohammedans.  The  Eng- 
lish factory,  founded  here  in  1615,  was 
the  first  mercantile  establishment  of  the 
East  India  Company  in  the  Mogul  do- 
minions. 

SuRDAR,  a  vill.  of  Persia,  prov.  Irak, 
at  the  frontier  of  Ghilan. 

SuRDHAUR,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan, 
50  m.  N.E.  Goonaghur. 

Sure,  a  river  of  Belgium,  after  an  E. 
course  of  90  m.  joins  the  Moselle. 

Sueendal,  a  vill.  of  Norway,  73  m. 
S.AV.  Trondhjem.     P.  3,700. 

SURESNES  &  SURGERES,  tWO  COmmS.  & 

vills.   of  France. — —I.    dep.  Seine.  W. 

Paris.     P.   2,070. II.  dep.  Charente 

Inf.,  15  m.  N.E.  Rochefort.     P.  1,861. 

SuRGHUT,  a  town  of  Siberia,  gov. 
Tobolsk,  on  the  Obe. 

SuKiAPET,  a  town  of  India,  Deccan, 
76  m.  E.S.E.  Hyderabad. 

SuRiGAo,  a  town  of  the  E.  archipelago, 
Philippines,  at  the  N.  extremity  of  Min- 
danao.— The  Surigao  islands  are  N.E., 
&  the  Surigao  passage  on  the  N.W. 

Surinam,  a  river  of  Dutch  Guiana, 
traverses  the  centre  of  that  colony,  which 
is  sometimes  called  by  its  name,  &  after 
a  N.  course  of  300  m-,  enters  the  Atlantic 
near  Paramaribo. 

Surrey,  an  inland  co.  of  England, 
having  N.  the  Thames.  Area,  759  sq.  m. 
P.  684,705.  An  expanse  of  wild  heath- 
land  covers  all  the  W.  of  the  co.,  &  the 
S.W.  hill-chain,  where  Leith  Hill  rises  to 
nearly  1,000  feet  above  the  sea,  &  com- 
mands a  view  over  parts  of  14  cos. 

Surrool,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

Surry,   a  S.E.   co.   N.  C.     Area,  324 


^48 


CYCLOPEDIA  OF  GEOGRAPHY. 


[SVA 


sq.  m.    P.  5,679.     Surry  c.  h.  is  the  cap. 

II.    a  N.W.  CO.    N.  C.      Area,  726 

sq.  m.     P.  14,443.     Cap.  Rockford. 

SuRSEE,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  12  m. 
N.N.W.  Lucerne.     P.  4,000. 

SuRtTBiA  &  SuRUHY,  2  rivers  of  Brazil ; 
the  former  joins  the  Amazon;  the  hitter 
enters  the  bay  of  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

SuRUGA,  a  populous  maritime  town  of 
Japan,  island  Niphon,  cap.  prov.,  on  the 
bay  of  Totomina,  90  m.  S.AV.  Yeddo. 

SuRY,  several  comms.,  &c.,  of  France  ; 
the  principal,  S.  le  Cnmtat,  vrith  a  small 
town,  dep.  Loire.  P.  1,896. — Surzur  is 
a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Morbihan,  7  m. 
S.E.  Vannes.     P.  2,199. 

Sus,  the  most  S.  prov.  of  Moroeco, 
having  N.  the  kingdom  of  Morocco,  E. 
Mount  Atlas,  S.  the  Desert,  &  W.  the 
Atlantic.  Estimated  area,  28,686  sq.  m., 
&  p.  700,000.  Principal  towns,  Terodant, 
Agadir,  Messa,  &  Nun. — The  river  Sus, 
which  gives  name  to  the  prov.,  rises  in 
Mount  Atlas.  &  after  a  W.  course  of  130 
m.,  enters  the  Atlantic. 

Sus,  or  Susan,  Susa,  a  ruined  city  of 
Persia,  prov.  Khuzistan,  the  remains  of 
Tfhich,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Choaspes, 
50  m.  W.  Shuster. 

Susa,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  N. 
Africa,   Tunis,  on  the  S.W.  shore  of  its 

gulf.      P.  10,000. II.   a  town  of   N. 

Italy,  Piedmont,  div.  &  31  m.  W.  Turin. 
P.  of  comm.  3,270. 

Susannah  Island,  British  India,  is 
between  Dome  &  St.  Matthew  islands. 
L.,  N.  to  S.,  12  m.;  br.  5  m. 

Susiana,  a  prov.  of  ancient  Persia, 
answering  to  the  modern  Khuzistan. 

SusauEHANNA,  a  river  of  Penn.,  rises 
in  Otsego  lake.  New  York,  flows  mostly 
S.,  &  enters  Chesapeake  bay,  near  the 
N.E.  corner  of  Maryland,  after  a  course 
of  350  m.,  5  m.  of  which,  to  Port  Deposit, 
are  navig.  for  sloops.  It  is  obstructed 
by  falls  &  rapids  during  the  greater  part 

of  its  course. 11.   a   N.E.  co.  Penn. 

Area,  875  sq.  m.  Cap.  Montrose.  P. 
28,688. — -IIL  t,  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  P. 
1,452. 

Sussex,  a  maritime  co.  of  S.  England, 
bordering  the  English  channel  from  Sel- 
sey  to  Rve.  Area,  1,466  sq.  m.  P. 
339,428.  The  South  Downs,  a  range  of 
chalk-hills,  covered  by  fine  turf,  con- 
tinuous with  the  Downs  of  Hants  near 

Petersfield,  traverse  the  co. II.  a  N. 

CO.  N.  J.  Area,  415  sq.  m.  Cap.  New- 
ton.    P.  22,989. III.    a    S.   co.    Del. 

Area,  860  sq.  m.     Cap.  Georgetown.     P. 

25,935. IV.   a  S.E.  co.   Va.      Area, 

565  sq.m.  P.  9,820.  Sussex  c.h.  is  the  cap. 


Sussex  Lake,  British  N.  America,  N. 
Lake  Ay  liner,  is  the  source  of  Back,  or 
Gt.  Fish  river. 

SusuGHiRH-su,  a  river  of  A  si  a- Minor, 
Anatolia,  joins  the  Rhyndacus. 

SuTALURY,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

SuTCHANA,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan. 
Sutchevka,  a  town  of  Russia,  112  m. 
N.E.  Smolensk.     P.  3,700.     ' 

SuTERA,  a  town  of  Sicily,  21  m.  N. 
Caltanisetta.     P.  4,000. 

Sutherland,  a  highland  marit.  co.  of 
Scotland,  near  its  N.  extremity,  extend- 
ing fiom  the  sea,  having  N.  &  W.  the 
Atlantic  ocean.  Area,  1,801  sq.  m.  Sur- 
face, excepting  along  the  E.  shore,  rugged 
&  mountainous,  &  interspersed  with 
morasses,  &  large  deer  forests.  P. 
25,721. 

SuTLEj,  "  the  hundred  channelled," 
the  most  E.  &  largest  of  the  "  five  rivers" 
of  the  Punjab,  of  which  it  forms  all  the 
S.E.  boundary,  rises  in  Tibet,  breaks 
through  the  Himalaya,  taking  thence- 
forth mostly  a  S.W.  course  to  its  junction 
with  the  Chenab,  33  m.  W.  Bhawlpoor. 
Total  length,  1,000  m. 

SuTRi,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.,  14  m.  S.S.E.  Viterbo.     P.  2,000. 

Sutschawa,   a  fortified  town  of  the 
Austrian  empire,  34  miles  E.N.E.  Kim- 
polung.     P.  4,812. 
Sutton,  t.,   Merrimaeco.  N.  H.     P. 

1,362. -II.  t.,  Caledonia  co.  N.  Y.     P. 

1,068. III.   t.,    Worcester   co. '  Mass. 

P.  2,370. 

SuTTON-CoLDFiELD,  a  townof  England, 
CO.  Warwick,  on  a  bleak  acclivity.  P. 
4,300. 

SuwALKi,  a  town  of  Poland,  19  m.  N. 
Augustowo.     P.  5,000. 

SuwANNEEj  a  riv.  of  the  U.  S.,  rises  in 
Okefinoke  swamp,  Georgia,  flows  mostly 
S.,  &  enters  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  la 
Florida,  by  numerous  shallow  channels, 
100  m.  S.E.  Tallahassee,  after  a  course 
ef  200  m,,  for  55  m.  of  which  it  is  navig. 
for  vessels  drawing  15  feet  water. 

Suv/ARROW  Islands,  a  group,  Pacific 
ocean. 

SuwEiK,  a  maritime  village  of  Arabia, 
70  m.  W.N.W.  Muscat. 

Suzanne  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Mayenne,  20  m.  E.  Laval. 

P.  1,749. II.   a   town  of  the   island 

Bourbon,  N.E.  coast.     P.  6,128. 

Suzdal,  a  town  of  Russia,  22  m.  N. 
Vladimir.     P.  2,400. 

SuzzARA,   a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  Lom- 
bardy. 
SvANiKE,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on  the 


swe] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


749 


E.  coast  of  the  island  Boraholm,  in  the 
Baltic  sea.     P.  900. 

SvARTsicELANDET,  an  isl.  of  Sweden, 
in  Lake  Maelar. 

SvEABORG,  a  strongly  fortified  marit. 
town  of  Russian  Finland,  on  7  islands,  in 
the  gulf  of  Finland.     P.  4,000. 

SvENDBORG,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on 
the  S.  coast  of  the  island  Fllhnen.  P. 
3,900. 

SvENiGOROD,  a  town  of  Russia,  35  jn. 
W.  Moscow,  on  the  Moskwa.  P.  1,500. 
— Svenigorodka  is  a  town,  19  m.  S.  Bo- 
guslav.     P.  7,000. 

SvERiGE,  the  native  name  of  Sweden. 

SviAJSK,  a  town  of  Russia,  20  m.  W. 
Kasan,  on  I.  b.  of  the  Volga.    P.  3,100. 

SviATOi-Nos,  a'  headland  of  Russia, 
at  the  W.  entrance  of  the  White  sea. 

SviR,  a  river  of  Russia,  leaves  Lake 
Onega,  near  its  S.W.  extremity,  &  after 
a  W.  course  of  130  m.,  enters  Lake  La- 
doga.  II.   a  market  town  of  Russian 

Poland,  40  m.  E.N.B.  Vilna. 

SwABiA,  one  of  the  old  circles  of  S. 
Germany. 

SwAFFHAM,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  Norfolk,  14  miles  E.S.E.  Lynn.  P. 
3,358. 

SwAiNSBORO',  p-v.,  cap.  Emanuel  co. 
Georgia. 

SwAKOP,  or  Somerset  River,  S.W. 
Africa,  enters  Walvisch  bay,  Atlantic. 

Swale,  a  river  of  England,  co.  York, 
joins  the  Ure.  Total  course  70  m. — The 
East  &  West  Swale  are  two  branches 
of  Medway  river,  Kent,  bounding  the 
island  of  Sheppey. 

SwALLY,  a  marit.  vill.  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bombay. 

SwALWELL,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  Dur- 
ham.    P.  1,611. 

SwANAGE,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Dorset.  Area  of  pa.  3,770  ac^  P. 
1,990. 

Swan  Islands,  a  group  in  Bank's 
strait,  3J  m.  N.E.  Van   Diemen's  Land. 

Swan  River,  the  principal  river  of 
W.  Australia,  &  enters  the  Indian  ocean 
at  a  bay  called  Melville  water. 

Swansea,  a  seaport  town  of  S.  Wales, 
CO.  Glamorgan.  The  harb.,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river,  is  nearly  enclosed  by  two 
handsome  piers.  Floating  docks  have 
been  constructed  here.     P.  40,951. 

Swanton,  t.,  Franklin  co.  Vt.  P. 
2,312. 

Swanzey,  t.,  Bristol  co.  Mass.  P.  1,484. 
IL  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.     P.  1,755. 

SwATORA,  r..  Pa.,  enters  the  Susque- 
hanna r.     L.  50  m. II.  t.,  Lebanon 

CO.  Pa.     P.  1,506. 


Sweden,  a  country  of  N.  Europe,  form- 
ing the  E.  &  larger  portion  of  the  Scan- 
dinavian peninsula,  &  one  of  the  king- 
doms composing  the  monarchy  of  Swe- 
den &  Norway ;  situated  between  lat. 
55°  20'  &  69°  10'  N.,  Ion.  11°  15'  &  24° 
10'  E.,  bounded  E.  by  the  Baltic,  the 
gulf  of  Bothnia  &  Russia,  S.  by  the  Bal- 
tic, W.  by  Norway,  the  Kattegat,  &  the 
Sound.  Cap.  Stockholm.  Area,  170,- 
095  sq.  m.  P.  3,443,803.  The  Scandi- 
navian Alps  traverse  the  country  in  the 
W.,  &  separate  it  from  Norway  ;  many 
of  their  summits  are  constantly  snow- 
clad.  From  this  mountain  region  the 
country  slopes  E.  to  the  gulf  of  Bothnia, 
forming  in  its  descent  two  elevated  table- 
lands, the  1st  or  W.-most  is  2,000  feet,  & 
the  E.-most  360  to  800  feet  above  the 
sea.  The  tract  of  country  bordering  the 
Baltic  is  under  300  feet  in  elevation.  The 
greater  part  of  the  surface  is  flat,  the  S. 
portion  constitutes  the  plain  of  Scania. 
A  line  is  supposed  to  traverse  the  country 
in  lat.  56°  3'  N.,  north  of  -which  to  Cape 
North  the  land  is  gradually  rising  at  the 
estimated  rate  of  4  ft.  in  a  cent.,  while  S. 
of  it  there  is  a  slow  &  gradual  subsidence. 
The  country  is  watered  by  numerous 
streams,  none  of  which  are  large.  Nearly 
one  eighth  of  the  superfices  is  covered  by 
lakes,  some  of  which  are  very  extensive. 
The  largest  are  Wener,  Wetter,  &  Mae- 
ler,  all  in  the  S.  provs.  There  are  ex- 
tensive marshy  tracts  along  the  shores. 
The  coast  has  a  development  of  1,400 
miles.  The  summers  are  very  hot,  & 
the  winters  extremely  cold.  Spring  is 
almost  unknown.  N.  of  lat.  61°  mer- 
cury often  freezes.  In  the  N.  the  rivers 
are  frozen,  &  snow  covers  the  ground  for 

5  or  6  months  in  the  year  ;  in  the  central 
regions  winter  lasts  for  3  or  4  months. 
The  prevailing  winds  are  S.W.  &  W. 
The  so.il  is  not  generally  fertile,  &  the 
corn  produced  was  formerly  only  about 
2-3ds  of  that  required.  There  are  few 
woods  to  the  N.  of  lat.  64°  N.  The  princi- 
pal trees  are  the  pine,  fir,  &  birch,  which 
extend  to  the  extreme  N.  of  the  country. 
Tar  &  pitch  are  extracted  from  the  roots 
of  the  pine.  Rearing  of  live  stock  is  an 
important  branch  of  industry,  but  the 
pastures  are  poor,  horses  &  cattle  small, 

6  the  sheep  yield  an  inferior  wool. 
The  mining  dists.  of  Sweden,  mostly  in 
the  central  provinces,  e.-stond  over  16,000 
sq.  m.,  the  chief  products  are  iron  ;  the 
annual  produce  of  all  the  mines  is  about 
70,000  tons  of  bar  iron.  The  richest  cop- 
per mines  are  at  Fahlun ;  the  annual 
produce  in  all  is  about  1,000  tons.     Dis- 


V50 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    aEOGRAPHY, 


[swi 


tilling  &  brewing  are  extensively  prose- 
cuted. The  internal  commerce  of  Sweden 
is  considerable,  &  Swedish  vessels  visit 
most  of  the  Atlantic  ports  of  S.  America, 
&  the  Mediterranean.  Government  is  a 
constitutional  monarchy.  The  established 
religion  is  Lutheran,  but  all  sects  are 
tolerated.  Education  is  generally  dif- 
fused. There  are  universities  at  Upsala 
&  Luiid.  Army,  39,486  men ;  of  whom 
26,700  are  infantry,  8,000  cavalry,  5,140 
artillery,  besides  a  militia  of  95,000-men. 
Navy,  21  ships  of  the  line,  8  frigates,  8 
brigs,  &  250  small  vessels.  In  1397,  by 
the  treaty  of  Calmar,  the  crown  of  Swe- 
den was  united  to  those  of  Denmark  & 
Norway  by  Margaret  of  Denmark.  The 
Swedes  recovered  their  independence 
4  under  GrustavusVasa  in  1521.  The  House 
of  Vasa  ascended  the  throne  in  1523,  & 
gave  to  Sweden  the  celebrated  Grustavus 
Adolphus.  It  was  succeeded  by  the  House 
of  Deux-Ponts,  which  furnished  the  fa- 
mous Charles  XII.,  to  this  succeeded  the 
Houses  of  Hessen-Cassel,  &  Holstein- 
Gottorp.  In  1810,  Marshal  Bernadotte 
was  chosen  crown  prince,  &  ascended  the 
throne  as  Charles  John  XIV.  in  1818. 
Norway  was  annexed  to  Sweden  in  1814, 
retaining  its  own  laws. 
-  Sweden,  a  township  of  New  York,  co. 
Monroe.     P.  3,623. 

Sweet  Springs,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  one 
of  the  oldest  watering  places  in  Virginia. 
SwiLLY  (Lough),  an  inlet  of  the  At- 
lantic, in  the  N.  part  of  Ireland,  Ulster, 
CO.  Donegal. 

Swindon,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Wilts.     P.  2,459. 

SwjNBFORD,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Connaught,  co.  Mayo.     P.  1,016. 

SwiNEMiJNDE,  a  marit.  town,  Prussia, 
prov.  Pomerania,  iu  the  island  Usedom. 
P.  4,600.  Since  1817,  its  harbor  has  been 
much  improved  by  the  erection  of  piers, 
on  one  of  which  is  a  lighthouse. 

SwiNESHEAD,  a  market  town,  England, 
CO.  Lincoln,  in  the  fens,  6  miles  W.S.AV. 
Boston.  P.  2,079.  The  sea  formerly 
reached  this  town,  which  had  a  harbor 
near  its  present  mkt.  place. — Swinesund 
is  an  inlet  of  the  Skager-rack,  between 
Norway  &  Sweden. 

Switzerland,  a  country  of  Central 
Europe,  between  lat.  45°  50'  &  47°  50' 
N.,  &  Ion.  5°  55'  &  10°  30'  E.,  having  E. 
the  princip.  of  Lichtenstein  &  the  Tyrol, 
S.  Lombardy  &  Sardinia,  "W.  France,  N. 
&  N.E.  Baden,  Wlirtemberg,  &  Bavaria. 
L.  216  m. ;  br.  75  to  140  m.  Area,  ]  5,261 
sq.  m.  P.  2,320,000.  Switzerland  belongs 
to  the  region  of  the  Central  Alps,  extend- 


ing between  Mont  Blanc  in  Savoy  &  the 
Gross  Glockner  in  the  Tyrol.     The  im- 
mense mass  of  Mount  St.  Gothard  forma 
the  centre,   or  nucleus  of  a  system  of 
mountains,  covered  with  perpetual  snow 
&  glaciers,  the  peaks  of  which  are  from 
9,000  to  14,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea.    No  country  in  Europe,  except  Scan- 
dinavia, has,  in  proportion  to  its  size,  so 
many  lakes  as  Switzerland.     Those  of 
the  Alpine  regions  occupy  the  lower  parts 
of  the  valleys.     They  vary  in  depth  from 
500  to  1,900  feet,  &  are  situated  at  an 
elevation  of  from  1,200  to  1,800  ft.  above 
the  sea.      The  climate  of  Switzerland, 
owing  to  its  elevation,  &  other  causes,  is 
much  more  severe  than  might  be  expected 
from  its  position,  nearly  in  mid-distance 
between  the  equator  &  the  N.  pole.     It 
presents   the  greatest  extremes,    &  the 
most  violent  contrasts.     The  slopes  of  the 
Jura,  &  of  the  Alps,  &  the  high  regions 
of  the  table-land,  are  covered  with  valu- 
able timber  trees,  the  oak,  beech,  larch, 
&  birch.     The  pine  grows  at  an  elevation 
of  6,700  feet,  shrubs  to  7,400.     The  great 
wealth  of  Switzerland  consists  in  its  rich 
&  excellent  pastures,  which  in  summer 
support  vast  numbers  of  cattle.     Manufs. 
of  watches,  silks,  &  cotton  goods.     The 
principal  races  inhabiting  Switzerland, 
are  the  Teutonic  &  the  Celtic.     The  Ger- 
man language  is  spoken  in  a  variety  of 
patois,  by  1,670,000  of  the  pop.  in  the  N. 
&  E.    French  is  spoken  in  the  Jura,  &  on 
the  table-land  W.  of  the  lakes  of  Bienne 
&  Morat,  &  of  the  river  Sarine,  in  part 
of  the  Valais,  &  the  Alps  in  its  vicinity, 
by  about  474,000  Swiss.     S.  of  the  Alps, 
Italian  is  the  language  of  133,500  Swiss  ; 
the  Romanehe  is  spoken  in  the  Engadine, 
&  in  the  valleys  of  the  Rhine  by  about 
42,500  of  the  pop.    The  inhabitants  of  the 
Alps  are  mostly  Roman   Catholics.    In 
the  Jura,  &  on  the  table-land,  Protes- 
tants are  most  numerous.     Switzerland 
has  three  universities,  at  Basel,  Bern,  & 
Zurich.     Public  instruction  is  widely  dis- 
seminated.    The   Swiss  confederation  is 
composed  of  22  cantons,  forming  25  inde- 
pendent  states,  united    in    a   perpetual 
league.    The  central  &  W.  part  was  called 
Helvetia,  by  the  Romans,  &  the  E.  part, 
or  the  GrisonS:  Rhcetia.     The  confed.  was 
founded  1st  Jan.  1308,  by  the  3  cantons, 
Ilri,  Sohwytz,  &  Unterwalden.     In  1353, 
it  numbered  8  cantons  ;  &  in  1513,  it  was 
composed  of  13  cantons.    This  old  confed. 
of  13  cantons  was  increased  by  the  ad- 
herence of  several  subject  territories,  & 
existed  till  1798,  when  it  was  replaced 
by  the  Helvetic  republic,  which   lasted 


6Yr] 


UNrVKRSAL  GAZETTEER. 


Vol 


4  years.  By  the  new  constitution  of  1848, 
the  federal  assembly  is  composed  of  two 
divisions,  a  national  council  &  a  senate, 
&  Bern  was  chosen  as  the  federal  city. 
The  confed.  has  no  standing  army,  but 
every  Swiss  is  a  soldier,  &  each  canton 
contributes  a  fixed  contingent  when  called 
on.  In  1841,  the  armed  force  consisted 
of  64,000  men.  Public  rev.  20,311,060 
francs.     The  confed.  has  little  or  no  debt. 

II.  a  S.B.  CO.  la.     Area,  216  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Vevay.     P.  12,932. 

Swords,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland,  co.  & 
8  m.  N.N.E.  Dublin,  on  the  Swords  riv. 
P.  1,788. 

Syang,  an  island  of  the  Asiatic  archip. 
in  the  Gilolo  passage. 
■   Sycamore,  a  township,  Ohio,'  co.  Ham- 
ilton.    P.  3,207. 

Sydney,  the  cap.  city  of  the  British 
colony,  New  S.  Wales,  E.  Australia,  co. 
Cumberland,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Port 
Jackson.  Lat.  of  Fort  Macquarie  33° 
51'  7"  S.,  Ion.  151°  14'  E.  Mean  temp, 
of  year  66°. 8;  winter  55°. 5  ;  summer 
74°  Fahr.  P.  38,358.  It  occupies  tvi'o 
hilly  necks  of  land  bounding  its  harbor, 
&  the  intervening  level  land,  extending 
for  2  m.  inland ;  &  it  covers  an  area  of 
about  2,000  acres.  Its  older  part  is  ir- 
regularly laid  out ;  but  many  handsome 
new  streets  have  been  built,  &,  George 
street,  the  principal,  is  a  fine  thorough- 
fare. Sydney  has  some  superior  schools, 
the  chief  being  the  Australian  &  Sydney 
colleges,  several  good  private  academies, 
a  museum,  a  botanic  garden,  &  Austra- 
lian club. II.  the  cap.  town    of   the 

British  jBolony,  Cape  Breton,  British  N. 
America,  on  a  bay  of  the  N.E.  coast  of 
the  island. III.  the  most  E.  co.  of  No- 
va Scotia,  having  W.  the  cos.  Poictou  & 
Halifax. 

Sykharitza  &  Syntekhno,  two  con- 
tiguous mountains  on  the  N.  frontier  of 
Greece. 

Sylah  or  Silah,  a  fortified  town  of 
N.W.  Hindostan,  in  the  Gujerat  penin- 
sula. 

Sylhet,  a  frontier  district  of  British 
India,  presid.  Bengal.  Area,  5,550  sq. 
miles.  P.  1,083,720,  this  being  one  of 
the  most  densely  peopled  portions  of  the 
Brit.  dom.  in  the  East.  Climate  healthy, 
&  soil  fertile;  rice  is  the  chief  crop. — 
Sylhet,  the  chief  town,  is  on  the  Soor- 
mah,  120  m.  N.E.  Dacca. 

Syltoe,  an  island  of  Denmark,  duchy 
Schleswig,  off  its  W.  coast.  L..  N.  to  S., 
22  m.    P.  2,600. 

Sylvestre  (St.),  several  comms.  & 
vills.  of  France. 


Symi,  an  isl.  off  the  W.  coast  of  Asia- 
Minor,  at  the  entrance  of  the  gulf  of 
Symi,  15  miles  N.W.  Rhodes.  L.  &  br. 
about  6  miles  each.  Estim.  p.  7,000.  It 
has  3  harbors,  &  a  small  but  thriving 
town  of  same  name  on  its  N.  side,  with 
about  1,000  inhabs. — The  gulf  of  Symi 
is  an  inlet  of  the  Mediterranean,  on  the 
S.W.  coast  of  Asia-Minor,  bounded  by 
two  long  promontories.  Depth  inland,  & 
breadth  at  entrance  about  27  miles  each. 
On  its  E.  side  are  three  subordinate  bays. 

Symmes,  t.,  Hamilton  co.  0.    P.  1,034. 

Symphorien  (St.),  several  comms.  & 

small  t.  of  France. 1,  dep.  Gironde, 

28  miles  S.  Bordeaux.     P.  1,729. II. 

dep.  Lozere.    P.  1,091. III.  {de  Lay), 

dep.  Loire,  9  m.  S.E.  Eoanne.     P.  3,989. 

IV.  {d&  Marviagne),  dep.  SaOne-et- 

Loire,  7  m.  S.  Autun.     P.  1,402. V. 

{d'  Ozon),  dep.  Isere,  6J  m.  N.  Vienne. 

P.  1,793. VI.  dep.  Rhone,  20  m.  S.W. 

Lyon.     P.  1,691. 

Symplegades,  a  group  of  rooky  islets 
in  the  Black  sea. 

Synghem,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  10  miles 
S.S.W.  Ghent.     P.  2,400. 

SvRA,  an  isl.,  Grecian  archip.,  among 
the  Cyclades,  20  m.  N.W.  Pares.  Area, 
55  sq.  m.  Estimated  p.  29,972.  Surface 
mountainous,  &  near  its  N.  extremity 
is  a  peak  rising  to  4,000  feet  above  the 
sea. — Sijra,  or  Hermopolis,  the  cap.,  is  a 
marit.  town  on  the  E.  shore.  P.  14,000. 
It  is  built  around  its  harbor,  at  the  foot 
of  a  conical-shaped  hill,  which  formed  the 
site  of  the  older  tOwn. 

Syracuse,  a  fortified  city  of  Sicily, 
on  its  E.  coast,  in  modern, times  occupy- 
ing only  the  site  of  the  original  &  small- 
est quarter  of  the  famous  city  of  anti- 
quity,— viz.,  the  island  of  Ortygia,  be- 
tween the  sea  &,  the  great  harbor,  30  m. 
S.S.E.  Catania.  P.,  which,  in  antiquity, 
was  said  to  have  amounted  to  200,000,  is 
now  only  14,000.  The  cathedral,  form- 
erly the  temple  of  Minerva,  is  of  Doric 
architecture,  &  has  been  a  place  of  wor- 
ship continuously  for  2,500  years.  The 
church  of  St.  Marcian  claims  to  have 
been  the  earliest  in  Europe  for  Christian 
worship.  The  catacombs  &  the  latomicB, 
or  anc.  prisons,  in  the  quarries  from 
which  the  materials  of  Syracuse  were 
taken;  the  "ear  of  Dionysius ;"  the 
famous  fountain  of  Arethusa,,  now  used 
for  a  washing-trough  ;  the  remains  of 
the  strong  fortress  Hexapylon,  of  a  tem- 
ple of  Diana,  &  Roman  amphitheatre, 
some  baths,  walls,  gates,  &  the  palace  of 
sixty  beds,  constructed  "by  Agathocles, 
are  the  chief  vestiges  of  antiquity.    The 


«*■ 


752 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[SZE 


noble  liarbor  is  admirably  adapted  for  a 
commercial  emporium.  Syracuse  was 
founded  b.c.  736  by  a  colony  from  Corinth, 
governed  alternately  as  a  republic  or 
under  kings  :  unsuccessfully  besieged  by 
the  Athenians  b.c.  414,  &  by  the  Cartha- 
ginians,— taken  by  the  Romans  b.c.  200; 
&  after  a  leflgthened  siege  in  878,  by  the 
Saracens,  who  partially  destroyed  it,  but 
it  was  chiefly  ruined  by  the  earthquake 
of  16^3.  It  was  the  residence  at  differ- 
ent periods  of  Plato,  Simonides,  Zeno, 
&  Cicero,  the  place  where  Hicetas  first 
propounded  the  true  revolution  of  the 
earth. 

Syracuse,  a  city  of  New  York,  town- 
ship Salina,  cap.  co.  Onondaga,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Erie  &  Oswego  canals,  & 
on  the  W.  railway  of  the  state,  34  miles 
S.S.E.  Oswego.  P.  25,251.  It  has  high- 
ly productive  salt  springs,  &  has36-salt 
factories,  with  vats  of  an  aggregate  ex- 
tent of  upwards  of  1,500,000  sq.  feet,  & 
producing  654,992  bushels  of  salt. 

Syria  (with  Palestine),  a  large  di- 
vision of  Asiatic  Turkey,  mostly  between 
lat.  31°  &  37°  N.,  &  Ion.  34°  30'  &  40°  E.; 
bounded  N.  by  the  Amanian  mntns.,  E. 
by  the  Euphrates,  &  the  Arabian  desert, 
S.  by  Arabia  Petrffia,  &  ^Y.  by  the  Med- 
iterranean sea.  Estimated  area,  50,000 
sq.  miles.  P.  1,865,000,  mostly  Moham- 
medans, but  comprising  about  343,000 
Greek  Christians,  260,000  Maronites  & 
Eoman  Catholics,  175.000  Jews,  48,000 
Druses,  &  17,000  Metualis  &  Yezidis. 
The  W.,  or  coast  portion,  is  mountainous ; 
the  E.  chiefly  an  elevated  plain.  The 
cotton  annually  raised  in  the  S.  is  esti- 
mated to  amount  in  value  to  350,000/.;  & 
about  1,700  cantars  of  silk,  10,700  do.  of 
tobacco,  from  8,000  to  10,000  do.  of  gall 
nuts,  &  300  do.  of  madder  roots  are  an- 
nually produced.  It  is  estimated  that 
the  transit  trade  employs  80,000  beasts, 
&  about  30,000  drivers.  About  3,500 
ekes  of  sponge  fished  on  the  coast  are 
sent  to  the  ports  of  the  Mediterranean 
annually ;  other  fisheries  are  compara- 
tively unimportant,  as  is  mining  indus- 
try. Damascus  has  about  4,000  looms 
engaged  in  the  manuf.  of  silks,  &  the 
same  manuf.  is  carried  on  to  a  consider- 
able extent  in  Aleppo.  Latakia.  Trip- 
oli, Beyrout,  Kisarieh,  &  Jaffa  are  the 
principal  seaport  towns.  The  trade  of 
Syiia  is  chiefly  conducted  by  Christians, 
Jews,  or  Armenians.  The  Mohammedans 
are  most  numerous  in  the  secondary 
towns,  &  in  the  rural  districts.  The 
Druses  are  an  interesting  &  peculiar 
tribe  amongst  them,  chiefly  agricultural, 


&  inhabiting  a  part  of  Mount  Lebanon, 
where  they  live  under  an  emir,  or  prince 
of  their  owci  race.  The  Maronites  are 
also  a  peculiar  people,  dwelling  in  their 
vicinity,  &  having  a  patriarch,  twelve 
bishops,  &  numerous  convents.  The 
Metualis  are  Mohammedans  of  the  Per- 
sian, or  Shiah  sect ;  &  the  Yezidis,  &  some 
other  tribes,  are  adherents  of  idolatrous, 
or  heretical  creeds.  The  government  is 
conducted  in  the  same  corrupt  &  extor- 
tionate manner  as  in  the  other  provs.  of 
Turkey.  Public  rev.,  derived  from  tax- 
ation of  every  kind,  is  estimated  at 
440,000/. 

Syriam,  a  town  of  the  Burmese  em- 
pire. Further  India. 

Syrmia,  the  most  E.  eo.  of  Slavonia, 
Austrian  empire,  between  the  Danube  & 
Drave  rivers.,   P.  108,500. 

Syzran,  a  town  of  Russia,  76  m.  S. 
Simbirsk.     P.  8,000. 

Szabadszallas,  a  vill.  of  Hungary, 
dist.  Great  Cumania.     P.  4,220. 

SzABOLCS,  a  CO.  of  N.  Hungary,  the 
cap.  town  of  which  is  Nagy-Kallo. — Sza- 
lad  is  a  co.  of  W.  Hungary,  N.W.  Lake 
Balaton.     Cap.  town,  Szala-Egerszeg. 

Szalatna  (Nagy,  or  Great),  a  town 
of  N.  Hungary.     P.  1,491. 

SzALONTA,  a  market  town  of  E.  Hun- 
gary, CO.  Bihar.     P.  7,210. 

SzALT,  a  town  of  Syria,  pash.  Damas- 
cus, at  the  S.  foot  of  Mount  Gilead,  42 
m.  N.E.  Jerusalem. 

SzAMOBOR,  a  mkt.  town  of  Croatia. 
P.  2,266. 

SzAMos,  a  river  of  Transylvania  & 
Hungary,  flows  N.W.,  &  joins  the  Theiss. 
Total  course,  200  miles. 

Szamos-Ujvar,  a  town  of  Transylva- 
nia, on  the  Szamos.  P.  3,400. — Szanto 
is  a  market  town  of  N.E.  Hungary,  12  m. 
N.iSf.W.  Tokay.  P.  4,895.— -S^rany,  W. 
Hungary,  23  miles  S.W.  Raab.  P. 
2,150. 

Szarvas,  a  mkt.  town  of  Hungary,  22 
m.N.E.  Csongrad.     P.  14,131. 

Szaszka,  a  mkt.  town  of  S.  Hungary. 
P.  1,600. 

Szasz-Regen,  a  mkt.  town  of  Tran- 
sylvania, on  rt.  b.  of  the  Maros,  19  m. 
N.N.E.  Maros- Vasarhely.     P.  5,000. 

SzAszvAEOs,  a  town  of  Transylvania, 
Saxon-land.     P.  3,517. 

SzATHMAR,  a  town  of  E.  Hungary,  on 
the  Szamos,  60  m.  N.E.  Debreczia.  P. 
15,021. 

SzczuczLN,  a  town  of  Poland,  35  m. 
S.W.  Aiigustowo.     P.  3,200. 

Szegedin,  a  town  of  S.E.  Hungary, 
cap.  CO.  Csongrad,   in  a   marsh,  t>n  both 


tab] 


,    UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


153 


banks  of  the  Tlieiss,  at  the  influx  of  the 
Maros,  58  miles  W.N.W.  Arad.  P. 
34,000. 

Szekely-Keresztur,  a  mkt.  town  of 
Transylvania,  12  m.  N.E.  Segesrar.  P. 
4,600. 

SzEKLER-LAND,  a  subdiv.  of  Tran- 
sylvania. 

SzEKTso,  a  mkt.  town  of  Hungary, 
on  rt.  bank  of  the  Danube.     P.  3,247. 

Szenta,  a  market  town  of  Hungary, 
near  rt.  b.  of  the  Theiss.  P-  13,997.  It 
is  celebrated  for  the  victory  of  Prince 
Eugene  over  the  Turks  in  1696. 

Szentes,  a  town  of  E.  Hungary.  P. 
15,800. 

Szered,  a  town  of  N.W.  Hungary,  co. 
-  &  30  miles  B.N.E.  Presburg.     P.  2,900. 

SzEszuppE,  a  river  of  Poland  &  E. 
Prussia,  joins  the  Niemen.     L.  140  m. 

SzEXARD,  a  town  of  Hungary,  near 
the  Danube,  50  m.  S.B.  Lake  Balaton. 
P.  8,150. 

SziGETH,  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the 
Theis.'i.  P.  TfiOO.—Sziget-Gyory  is  a 
vill.,  CO.  &  6  m.  N.W.  Raab.     P.  2,700. 

SziGETvAR,  a  vill.  of  S.W.  Hungary. 
P.  3,520. 

SzivACZ,  two  united  villages  of  Hun- 
gary.    P.  6,865. 

SzoBoszLO,  a  free  town,  E.  Hungary. 
P.  13,803. 

SzoLLOs  (Nagy),  a  mkt.  town  of  N.E. 
Hungary.     P.  2,052. 

SzoLNA,  or  Zsolna,  a  walled  town  of 
N.W.  Hungary,  on  the  Waag.     P.  2,400. 

SzoLNOK,  a  mkt.  town  of  Hungary. 
P.  11,600.— Inner  &  Middle  Szolnok  are 
COS.  of  Transylvania. 

Szony,  a  mkt.  town  of  Hungarj'^,  3  m. 
S.E.  Comorn.     P.  1,702. 

SzRENSK,  a  town  of  Poland,  35  miles 
-N.N.E:  Plock,  on  the  Wkra.     P.  1,000. 

SzTANicsics,  a  mkt.  town  of  Hun- 
gary, 11m.  N.N.E.  Zambor.  P.  4,572.— 
Sztapar  \s  a  vill.,  same  co.     P.  3,040. 

SzuRUL,  the  highest  mountain  of  the 
Lower  Carpathians.     Height,  7,547  ft. 

Szydlow  &    SzYDLOwiEC,  two  Small 

towns  of  Poland. 1.  24  m.  S.B.  Kielee. 

II.  18  m.  S.W.  Eadom.     P.  1,500. 


Taas,  a  fortified  town  of  Arabia,  Ye- 
men, 55  m.  B.N.E.  Mocha.  It  has  nu- 
merous mosques. 

Taasinge,  an  isl.  of  Denmark.  Area, 
27  sq.  m.     P.  4,300. 

•  Tab,  Arosis,  a  river  of  Persia,  after  a 
32* 


"W.  course  of  150  m.,  enters  the  Persian 
gulf. 

Tabarca,  an  islet,  N.  Africa. 
Tabaria,  Tiberias,  a  town  of  Pales- 
tine, pash.  &  27  m.  B.S.B.  Acre,  on  the 
W.  shore  of  the  lake  of  Tiberias. 

Tabaria,  Tiberias,  or  Gennesareth 
(Lake  or  Sea  of),  a  famous  lake  of  Pal- 
estine. Shape  somewhat  oval.  L.  14 
m.,  greatest  breadth  8  m.  It  is  traversed 
throughout  from  N.  to  S.  by  the  riv.  Jor- 
dan. Shores  steep,  but  not  precipitous  ; 
&  this  lake  has  neither  the  imposing 
scenery  which  characterizes  the  Dead  sea, 
nor  any  remarkable  picturesque  beauty. 
But  its  surface  &  environs,  derive  imper- 
ishable interest  from  being  the  scenes  of 
numerous  miracles  recorded  in  the  life 
of  oflr  Saviour. 

Tabas,  a  fortified  town  of  E.  Persia, 
155  m.  N.E.  Yezd. 

Tabasco,  a  dep.  of  the  Mexican  con- 
fed.,  having  N.  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  E.  the 
Lake  Terminos  &  Yucatan.  Area,  10,- 
500  sq.  m.  P.  55,000.  Principal  towns, 
San  Juan  Bautista,  &  Frontera  de  Ta- 
basco.  II.    a  river  of  the  Mexican 

confed.,  after  a  N.  course  of  250  miles, 
enters  the  gulf  of  Mexico.  At  San  Juan, 
its  arm,  the  Chiltepec,  proceeds  direct  to 
the  gulf  of  Mexico,  &  it  is  said  to  be 
navig.  for  70  or  80  leagues  above  that 
town.  —  The  Tahasquillo  joins  the  Ta- 
basco. 

Tabebnas,  a  town  of  Spain,  15  m.  N.E. 
Almeria,  with  4,920  inhabs. 

Tablas,  one  of  the  Philippine  isls..  in 
the  E.  archipelago,  30  m.  S.E.  Mindoro. 
L.  30  m.,  br.  3  m. 

Table  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic, 
S.W.  Africa,  Cape  Colony. —  Table  cape 
is  on  N,  coast  of  Tasmania  (Van  Die- 
men's  Land). 

Table  Mountain,  a  remarkable  mntn. 
of  S.  Africa,  Cape  Colony.    Height  3,816 

feet. II.  one  of  the  Alleghany  mntns., 

N.  Carolina,  upwards  of  4,000  ft.  in  elev. 

III.  Ireland,  Leinster,  co.  Wicklow. 

Height  2,312  ft. 

Taboga,  an  islet  of  S.  America,  New 
Granada,  in  the  gulf  of  Panama. 

Tabor,  a  walled  town  of  Bohemia,  49 
m.  S.S.E.  Prague.     P.  4,043. 

Tabor  (Mount),  a  mntn.  of  Palestine, 
pash.  Acre,  8  m.  E.  Nazareth.  Elev. 
1,000  ft. 

Tabriz,  Tauhis,  or  Tebriz,  a  city  of 
N.  Persia,  in  a  fine  plain,  on  a  riv.  flow- 
ing into  L.  Urumiyah.  Estim.  p.  60,000. 
It  is  beautifully  situated  amongst  for- 
ests, &  is  about  3^  m.  in  circumference, 
enclosed  by  a  brick  wall,  &  entered  by  7 


T54 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHV. 


gates,  outside  of  which  are  large  suburbs 
&  fine  gardens,  said  to  occupy  30  m.  in 
circuit. 

Tacaloa,  a  vill.  of  S.  America,  New 
Granada. 

Tacazzb,  a  river  of  Abyssinia,  state 
Tigre,  receives  the  Atbarah,  which  name 
it  afterwards  assumes  to  its  junction  with 
the  Nile. 

Tachau,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  33  m.  W. 
Pilsen.     P.  2,932. 

Taclagur,  a  town  of  Central  Asia, 
in  the  Himalaya. 

Tacna,  a  town  of  S.  Peru,  on  the  Pa- 
cific.    P.  10,000.(7) 

Tacora,  a  mntn.  of  Bolivia,  in  the  W. 
Cordillera  of  the  Andes,  &  rising  to  up-' 
wards  of  17,000  ft.  above  the  ocean.  The 
vill.  Tacora,  is  13,690  ft.  in  elev. 

Tacohonte,  a  small  town  on  the  N. 
coast  of  Teneriffe,  Canary  isls. 

Tacuba,  a  town  of  the  Mexican  con- 
federation.    P.  2,500. 

Tacunga,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  Ecuador, 
55  m.  S.  Quito.     Estim.  p.  10,000. 

Tadcaster,  a  market  town,  pa.  of 
England,  co.  York,  on  the  Wharfe. 

Tadmor,  a  ruined  city  of  Syria.  [Pal- 
myra.] 

Tadvan,  a  vill.  of  Turkish  Armenia, 
pash.  Van. 

Tafalla,  a  town  of  Spain,  22  m.  S. 
Pampelona.  P.  2,912.  It  has  a  ruined 
palace  of  the  kings  of  Navarra. 

Tafelneh,  a  fortified  maritime  town 
of  Morocco,  30  miles  S.  Mogadore.  P. 
3,000.— Cajoe  Tafelneh,  5  miles  N.W.- 
ward,  is  a  headland,  780  feet  above  the 
sea.    y 

Taff,  a  river  of  S.Wales,  co.  Glamor- 
gan.    L.  40  m. 

Tafillelt,  one  of  the  great  subdivis. 
of  the  empire  of  Morocco,  E.  of  Mount 
Atlas. 

Taft,  a  town  of  Persia,  55  m.  W-N-W. 
Yezd.  P.  6fi00.{l)—Tafyle  is  a  vill.  of 
Arabia  Petrsea,  30  miles  S.E.  the  Dead 
sea. 

Tagai,  a  town  of  Russia,  36  m.  W. 
Simbirsk.  P.  2,000. —  Tagai  isles  are  in 
the  Pacific  ocean,  Radack  group. 

Tagal,  a  Dutch  residency  of  the  isl. 
Java.     P.  240,000. 

Taganrog,  a  seaport  town  of  Russia, 
on  ,  N.  shore  of  the  sea  of  Azov.  P. 
16,000. 

Tagavost,  a  town  of  Morocco,  prov. 
Sus,  on  i.  b.  of  the  Tesset. 

Taghkanic,  t.,  Columbia  co,  N.  Y.,  12 
m.E.  Hudson.  P.  1,540.— The  Taghkanic 
mountains  are  a  range  near  the  "W. 
boundary  of  the  state,  50  m.  in  length, 


&  in  one    place  rising  to  3,000  feet  in 
height. 

Taghmon,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Leinster.  co.  &  AV.S.W.  Wexford.  P. 
1,303. 

Tagliacozzo,  a  town  of  Naples,  on 
the  Ismele,  20  miles  S.S.W.  Aquila.  P. 
3,600. 

Tagliamento,  a  river  of  Austrian 
Italy,  after  an  E.  &  S.  course  of  100  m., 
enters  the  Adriatic  sea. 

Tagodast,  a  town  of  Morocco,  on  the 
W.  border  of  Mount  Atlas.     P.  7,000. 

Tagolanda,  a  small  island  of  the  Ma- 
lay arcbip.,  about  50  m.  from  the  N.E 
extremity  of  Celebes. 

Tagomago,  an  islet  of  the  Baleario 
group,  in  the  Mediterranean.  ' 

Tagus,  a  principal  river  of  the  Iberian 
peninsula,  through  the  centre  of  which  it 
flows  from  E.  to  W.  It  rises  on  the  bor- 
ders of  Aragon  &  New  Castile  ;  it  flows 
AY.S.W.-ward  in  Spain  &  in  Portugal,  to 
the  Atlantic,  which  it  enters  at  Belem, 
2  m*  below  Lisbon     L.  540  m. 

Tahiti,  or  Otaheite,  the  principal  of 
the  Society  islands,  in  the  Pacific  ocean, 
lat.  of  Point  Venus  17°  29'  2"  S.,  Ion. 
149°  29'  W.  It  is  108  m.  in  circumfer- 
ence, &  consists  of  two  peninsulas  con- 
nected by  an  isthmus,  submerged  at  low- 
water,  &  surrounded  by  coral  reefs.  In 
its  N.  part  is  a  mountain  7,000  ft",  high. 
Estimated  p.  9,000,  who  have  been  con- 
verted to  Christianity  by  missionaries. 
Principal  town  &  port,  Papiete. 

Tahna,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  125  m. 
N.  Lahore. 

Tahta,  a  town  of  Central  Ejypt,  35 
m.  S.S.E.  Siout,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Nile. 

Tahuata,  one  of  the  Marquesas  isls., 
Pacific  ocean.     P.  1,400. 

Tahura,  Tahuroa,  two  of  the  Sand- 
wich islands.  Pacific  ocean. 

Tai,  several  cities  of  China,  caps,  of 
deps.,  chiefly  in  the  N.  provs. 

Taillebourg,  a  comm.  &  lakt.  town 
of  France,  dep.  Charente  Inf.     P.  1,116. 

Taimyr  (Cape),  a  headland  of  Siborin, 
in  the  Arctic  ocean.  The  gulf  of  Taimyr 
is  140  m.  in  length  by  50  m.  in  average 
breadth,  &  S.  the  latler  is  Lake  Taimyr. 

Tain,  a  market  town  of  Scotland,  co. 
Ross,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tain.    P.  2,563. 

Tain,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Drume,  on  1.  b.  of  the  EhOiie.     P.  2,180. 

Tai-ping,  two  citie.s  of  China,  caps,  of 

deps. 1.  30  m.  S.W.  Nanking. II. 

lat.  22°  25'  12"  N.,  Ion.  107°  E.— Others 
are  in  provs.  Se-chuen   &  Shan-si 

Tai-tchou  &  Tai-Ting,  two  ciiies  of 
China,  caps,  of  dsps. 1.  75  m..  S.W. 


tal] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


755 


Ningpo.^ II.  80  m.  W.N.W.  Kwiyang. 

—  Tai-tong  is  a  city,  prov.  Sban-si,  cap. 
dep.,  near  the  Great  Wall,  175  miles  W. 
Peking. 

Tai-wan,  the  cap.  town  of  the  island 
Formosa,  China  sea,  on  its  AV.  coast. 

Tai-Yuan,  a  city  of  China,  prov. 
Shan-si,  cap.  dep.,  on  the  Fuen-ho,  250 
m.  S.W.  Peking. 

Tajamulco,  a  town  of  Central  Amer- 
ica, state  Guatemala.     P.  2,000. 

Tajardi,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Rumili,  on  a  river. 

Tajo,  the  Spanish  name  of  the  river 
Tagus. 

Tajurrah,  a  seaport  town  of  N.E. 
Africa,  Adel,  on  the  sea  of  Bab-el- Man- 
deb.  P.  from  1,200  to  1,500..  It  con- 
sists of  about  300  wooden  huts. 

Tak,  a  town  of  Afifghanistan,  35  miles 
N.W.  Dera-Ismael-Khan.  With  its  dist., 
it  is  stated  to  yield  an  annual  revenue 

of    15,000Z. II.    a   town    of    Chinese 

Turkestan,  140  m.  S.B.  Khoten.— TaAra 
is  the  name  of  two  towns  of  Japan,  island 
Sikoke. 

Takhti  Soleiman  ("  Throne  of  Solo- 
mon"), a  remarkable  hill  &  collection  of 
ruins  in  N.  Persia,  115  m.  SS.E.  Tabriz. 

II.  (or  Usch),  a  town  of  independent 

Turkestan,  90  m.  E.  Khokan. III.  a 

mountain  of  the  Suliman  range,  E.  Aff- 
ghanistan,  11,000  feet  above  the  sea.  It 
is  the  name  of  several  other  mountains 
in  Central  &  W.  Asia. 

Ta-kiang,  a  river  of  China,  joins  the 
Pekiang  to  form  the  Canton  river.  Total 
course  800  m. II.  a  riv.,  isl.  of  Hai- 
nan, enters  the  sea  on  its  N.  coast. 

Takings  (Lake),  a  lake  of  European 
Turkey,  Macedonia.  L.  15  m. ;  greatest 
breadth  5  m. 

Takutu,  a  river  of  Brazilian  Guiana, 
joins  the  Rio  Branco.  Total  course  es- 
tim.  at  170  m. 

Talacee,  a  small  port  of  N.  Wales, 
CO.  Flint. 

Talak,  a  vill.  of  British  India,  prov. 
&  68  m.  SE.  Aracan. 

Talaman  (Bay),  an  inlet  on  the  S.W. 
coast  of  Asia-Minor,  N.W.  the  gulf  of 
Makri. 

Talanda,  a  vill.  of  Greece,  E.  Hellas, 
gov.  Bosutia,  7  m.  N.  Mt.  Talanda.— The 
channel  of  Talanda  is  an  arm  of  the  sea 
in  Greece,  between  the  gov.  Boeotia  &  the 
N.  half  of  the  island  Eubgea.  L.  40  m. ; 
br.  12  m. — The  gulf  of  Talandais  an  in- 
let on  the  S.  side  of  this  channel,  11m. 
in  breadth  at  its  entrance.  It  contains 
the  island  Talanda. — Mount  Talanda  is 
in  the  gov.  Boeotia.    Height  3,547  feet. 


Talarrtibias,  Lacipea,  a  town  of 
Spain,  85  m.  E.  Badajos.     P.  2,690. 

Talavera  (de  la  Beyna),  a  city  of 
Spain,  prov.  &  37  miles  W.N.W.  Toledo, 
on  rt.  b.  of  the  Tagus,  here  crossed  by 
a  bridge  of  35  arches.  P.  6,363.  Its 
buildings  are  interspersed  with  many 
Moorish  towers.  Here,  on  27th  &  28th 
July  1809,  the  English  &  Spanish  troops 
under  the  duke  of  Wellington,  totally 
defeated  the  French  under  Joseph  Bona- 
parte &  Marshals  Jourdain  &  Victor. 
— --II.  (la  Real),  a  town,  prov.  &  9  m. 

E.  Badajos.    P.  2,712. III.  (la  Vieja), 

is  a  market  town,  72  m.  W.S.W.  Toledo, 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Tagus. 

Talbot,  a  co.,  in  E.  of  Maryland. 
Area,  250  sq.  m.     Cap.  Easton.     P.  13,- 

811. II.   S.E.  CO.  Ga.     Area,  400  sq. 

m.  P.  16,534. — The  cap.,  Talbotton,  is  a 
p-y.,  with  800  inhabs. 

Talca,  a  town  of  Chile,  cap.  dep. 
Maule,  on  tho  rivur  Maule. 

Talent,  a  fortified  town  of  Morocco, 
on  the  river  Tesset,'  40  m.  S.E.  Messa. 

Ta-li,  a  city  of  China,  cap.  dep.,  on 
the  bank  of  a  lake,  80  m.  E.  the  Bur- 
mese frontier. 

Taliafero,  N.E.  CO.  Ga.  Area,  130 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Crawfordville.     P.  5,146. 

Talicota,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bombay.     P.  5,300. 

Talish,  a  prov.  of  Russian  Transcau- 
casia, having  E.  the  Caspian  sea. 

Talla,  a  vill.  of  Tuscany,  prov.  Flor- 
ence, on  a  hill,  16  m.  N.N.W.  Arezzo. 
P.  2,800. 

Taeladega,  an  E.  co.  Ala.  Area, 
1,230  sq.  m.  P.  IQ,624.— Talladega,  the 
cap.,  is  a  p-v.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Coosa. 

Tallahassee,  a  city,  cap.  state  Flor- 
ida, oh  a  height,  28  m.  N.  the  gulf  of 
Mexico,  180  m.  E.,  Pensacola.  P.  1,391. 
It  is  regularly  laid  out,  has  several 
squares  &  churches,  state  &  court  houses, 
&  land  office. 

Tallahatchee,  CO.,  Miss.     P.  4,643. 

Tallapoosa,  co.,  Ala.     Area,  910  sq. 

m.     P.   15,534. II.   a  river,   rises  in 

Georgia,  flows  mostly  S.W.  into  Ala- 
bama, &  joins  the  Coosa  to  form  the  Ala- 
bama, after  a  course  of  150  m. 

Tallard,  a  comm.  &,  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Alps.     P.  1,181. 

Tallmadge,  p-t..  Summit  co.  0.  P. 
2,134. 

Tallow,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland,  Mun- 
ster,  CO.  Waterford.     P.  2,969. 

Tallya,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.E.  Hunga- 
ry, CO.  &  30  m.  S.W.  Zemplin.    P.  5,710. 

Talmas  &  Talmay,  two  comms.  & 
vills.  of  France. 1,  dep.  Somme,  8  m. 


"756 


CYCLOPIEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[tan 


g.  Doullens.    P.  1,912. II.  dep.  Cute- 

d'-Or,  17  m.  E.  Dijon.     P.  1,156. 

Talmont,  a  coram.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Vendee.     P.  3,123. 

Talnaik,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  pre- 
sid.  Bombay,  130  m.  E.  Surat. 

Taloon,  a  town  of  Russia,  Transcau- 
casia. 

Talyabo,  one  of  the  Xulla  isls.,  Asi- 
atic archip.  L.  100  m.,  br.  20  m. —  Cape 
Talyabo,  the  N.E.  extremity  of  the  isl. 
Celebes. 

TAMALAMEauE,  a  town  of  S.  America, 
New  Granada. 

Taman,  a  fortified  town  of  S.  Russia, 
gov.  Caucasus,  on  an  isl..  between  the 
Black  sea  &  sea  of  Azov. 

Tamandua,  a  town  of  Brazil,  100  m. 
W.  Ouro  Preto.     P.  8,000. 

Tamau,  a  riv.  of  W.  England,  &  after 
■widening  to  form  the  harbor  of  Harmoaze, 
Devonport,  enters  Plymouth  sound.  To- 
tal course  60  m. II.  a  principal  riv.  of 

Tasmania  (Van  Diemen's  Land),  formed 
by  the  union  of  the  N.  &  S.  Esk  at 
Launceston. 

Tamara,  the  largest  of  the  Isles  de 
Los,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Africa. 

Tamarida,  the  cap.  town  of  the  isl. 
Socotra,  Indian  ocean. 

Tamarite  de  LiTERA,  a  t.  of  Spain, 
47  m.  S.E.  Huesca.     P.  3,612. 

Tamaro,  a  river  of  Naples,  Pontif. 
sta.,  joins  the  Galore,  3  m.  N.E.  Beneven- 
to,  after  a  S.  course  of  45  m. 

Tamarovka,  a  town  of  Russia.  P. 
1,500. 

Tamatave,  a  seaport  town  of '^Mada- 
gascar, on  a  bay  of  its  E.  coast.    P.  2,000. 

Tamaulipas  (formerly  New  Santan- 
der),  a  maritime  dep.  of  the  Mexican 
confed.,  having  W.  the  gulf  of  Mexico, 
N.  the  Rio  Bravo  separating  it  from  Tex- 
as, &  on  other  sides  the  deps.  New  Leon 
&  San  Luis  Poiosi.  Area,  23,220  sq.  m. 
P.  100,068.  Surface  mostly  in  wide 
plains,  which  feed  large  herds  of  cattle  & 
horses.  Principal  towns.  New  Santander, 
the  cap.,  Soto-la-Marina,  El  Refugio,  Be- 

villa,  &  Matamoras. II.  {Pueblo  Viejo), 

a  decayed  town  at  the  S.  extremity  of 
this  dep.,  on  the  river  of  Tamjiico,  18  m. 
N.     P.  1,500. 

Tamazula,  a  town  of  the  Mexican 
confed.,  dep.  Sinaloa,  on  the  river  Tama- 
zula.    P.  1,000. 

Tambach,  a  mkt.  town  of  Central  Ger- 
many, 12  m.  S.S.W.  Gotha.     P.  1,351. 

Tambacherey,  a  town  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Madras. 

Tambo,  a  town  of  Peru,  dep.  &  50  m. 
N.W.  Cuzco. II.  a  vill.,  dep.  Arequi- 


pa. —  Tambo-bamba  is  a  town,  dep.  &~40 
m.  S.W.  Guzeo.  on  the  Apurimae. 

TamboVj  a  gov.  of  Russia.  Area,  25,- 
542  sq.  m.  P.  1,750,900.  Surface  level 
or  undulating.  Principal  rivers,  the 
Tzna  &  Moksha. —  Tambov,  the  cap.,  ia 
situated  on  the  Tzna,  125  m.  N.E.  Voro- 
nej.     P.  20,147. 

Tambre,  a  river  of  Spain,  Galicia, 
flows  W.S.W.  k  enters  the  bay  of  Noya, 
Atlantic,  after  a  course  of  60  m. 

Tame,-  a  river  of  England,    after   a 

course  of  38  m.  joins  the  Trent. II.  a 

small  river,  &  joins  the  Mersey  at  Stock- 
port.    Course  18  m. 

Tamega,  a  river  of  Spain  &  Portugal, 
joins  the  Douro  30  m.  E.  Oporto.  Total 
course  90  m. 

Tamiagua,  a  petty  seaport  town  of  the 
Mexican  cOnfed.,  dep.  &  70  m.  S.E.  Tam- 
pieo.  —  The  lake  of  Tamiagua  is  60 
miles  in  length,  by  25  miles  in  greatest 
breadth. 

Tamieh,  a  small  town  of  Egypt,  &  on 
a  canal  20  m.  W.  the  Nile. 

Tamlingtar,  a  town  of  Nepaul,  N. 
Hindostarv     P.  6,000.(?) 

Tammehfors,  or  Tameesport,  a  town 
of  Finland,  85  miles  N.N.E.  Abo.  P. 
1,800. 

Tampa  (Bay  of),  the  largest  bay  in  the 
gulf  of  Mexico,  United  States,  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  peninsula  Florida;  lat.  27°  36' 
N.,  Ion.  82°  45'  W.  L.,  N.  to  S.,  about 
35  m. ;  br.  about  15  m.  It  is  easy  of  ac- 
cess, &  affords  excellent  anchorage. 

II.  p-v.j  cap.  Hillsboro'  co.  Fla. 

Tampico,  a  seaport  town  of  the  Mexi- 
can confed.,  dep.  &  215  m.  N.N.W.  Vera 
Cruz,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  lake  of  Tam- 
pico. P.  7,000.  It  is  regularly  laid  out 
on  a  slope,  &  has  some  good  dwellings  in 
the  old  Spani»^h  style. — The  lake  of  Tam- 
pico is  a  shallow  lagoon,  at  the  N.  ex- 
tremity of  the  dep.  Vera  Cruz,  20  m.  in 
length  by  10  m.  across. —  Tampico  river, 
after  an  E.  course,  enters  the  gulf  of 
Mexico.     Total  length  200  m. 

Tamsweg,  a  mkt.  town  of  Upper  Aus- 
tria, 60  m.  S.S.E.  Salzburg,  on  the  Muhr, 
P.  2,300.' 

TAMwoETH,a  town  of  England,  cos. 
Staiiord   &   Warwick,   on   the    Tame   & 

Anker. II.  t.,  Carroll  co.  N.  H.     P.  ^ 

1,717. III.   a  town   of  New  South 

Wales,  E.  Australia. 

Tana-Elf,  the  niost  N.  river  of  Eu- 
rope, forms  in  most  part  of  its  course  the 
boundary  between  Norway  (Finmark),  & 
Russian  Lapland,  &  enters  the  Tana- 
fiord,  Arctic  ocean,  after  a  N.-ward  course 
of  180  m. 


tap] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


■757 


Tanaga,  one  of  the  Aleutian  isls.,  N. 
Pacific  ocean. 

Tanakeke  Islands,  a  group  in  the 
Asiatic  archip.,  oflf  the  S.W.  extremity  of 
Celebes. 

Tananarivo,  the  cap.  town  of  the 
Ovahs  in  Madagascar,  near  the  centre  of 
the  island. 

Tanaro,  a  riv.  of  N.  Italy,  Piedmont, 
rises  in  the  S.  Alps,  &  joins  the  Po,  after 
a  total  course  of  125  m. 

Tancitaro,  a  town  of  the  Mexican 
confed.,  100  m.  S.W.  Valladolid. 

Tancook  (Great  &  Little),  two  isls. 
of  Nova  Scotia,  in  Mahone  bay. 

Tandah,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  33  m. 
E.S.E.  Oude,  on  S.  bank  of  the  Goggra. 

Tanderagee,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland, 
Ulster,  CO.  Armagh.     P.  1,562. 

Tanega-Sima,  an  island  of  Japan, 
S.  Kiusiu.  Length,  N.  to  S.,  25  m. ;  av. 
breadth,  12  m. 

Tanekake,  a  small  isl.  of  the  Malay 
archipelago,  30  in.  S.S.W.  Macassar. 

Taney,  a  co.  in  S.  part  of  Missouri. 
Area,  1,425  sq.  m.  P.  4,373.  Cap. 
Forsj'th. —  Taneytown  is  a  vill.  of  Mary- 
land, 22  m.  N.N.E.  Frederick,  with  many 
mills  &  some  iron-works. 

Tangermijndb,  a  walled  town  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  33  m.  N.N.E.  Magde- 
burg, on  the  Elbe,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  Tanger.     P.  4,250. 

Tangier,  a  fortified  town  of  Morocco, 
kingdom  Fez,  on"  the  W.  side  of  a  bay  of 
the  strait  of  Gibraltar,  8  m.  S.E.  Cape 
Spartel.  P.  from  4,000  to  10,000.  Tan- 
gier was  taken  by  the  Portuguese  in 
1471 ;  it  was  ceded  to  the  English  as  a 
part  of  the  dowry  of  the  princess  Cath- 
erine in  1662,  &  was  bombarded  by  the 
French  in  1844.  Outside  of  the  town  is 
a  Roman  bridge  ;  3  m.  S.E.  are  the  re- 
mains of  the  auc.  Tingis. 

Tangier  Islands,  are  a  small  group, 
Maryland,  in  Chesapeake  bay,  opposite 
the  entrance  of  the  river  Potomac. 

Tangipakao,  r.,  Miss.  &  La.  L.  80 
miles. 

Tangnou  MouNTAiNs,Chinese  empire, 
Kbalkas  country,  are  connected  AV. -ward 
with  the  Little  Altai.  , 

Taninge,  a  market  town  of  Savoy,  on 
the  Guire,  3  m.  N.  Cluses.  P.  of  eomm. 
3,020. 

Tanis,  a  ruined  city  of  Egypt,  its  site 
on  an  arm  oi  the  Nile  at  its  Delta.  13  m. 
S.W.  Menzaleh.  It  has  remains  of  a 
large  temple,  &  fragments  of  walls, 
columns,  &  fallen  obelisks.  The  plain 
of  San,  or  "  field  of  Zoan,"  formerly  re- 
nowned for  fertility,  &  where  Moses  per- 


formed his   miracles,   is    now   a  desert 
waste. 

Tanisk,  a  petty  town  of  E.  Siberia. 

Tanjore,  a  m:iritimo  dist.  of  British 
India,  presid.  Madras,  S.  Arcot.  Area, 
8,625  sq.  m.  P.  1, 128,730.  It  comprises 
the  delta  of  the  Cavery  river.  Principal 
towns,  Tanjore,  Combooooonum,  &  Neg- 
apatam. —  Tanjore,  the  cap.  city,  presid. 
&  170  m.  S.S.W.  Madras,  cap.  dist.,  is  on 
an  arm  of  the  Cavery.  P.  from  35,000 
to  40,000.  It  is  nearly  6  m.  in  circum- 
ference, &  regularly  built. 

Tanna,   a  town  of  Germany,  6  miles 

S.S.E.  Schleitz.     P.  1,487. 11.  a.  town 

of  British  India,  presid.  &  20  m.  N.N.E. 

Bombay,  on  the  island  Salsette. III. 

an  island  in  the  Pacific  0.,  New  Hebrides. 
L.  18  m.,  by  8  m.  in  br. 

Tanna  Y,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Nievre,  7  m.  S.E.  Clamecy.    P.  1,396. 

Tannroda,  a  town  of  Central  Ger- 
many, on  the  Ilm,  9  m.  S.S.W.  Weimar. 
P.  9,111. 

Tanore,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Madras,  on  coast,  20  m.  S.  Calicut. 

Tans  (Desert  of),  a  dreary  waste  of 
S.  Africa,  Damaras  country. 

Tantah,  a  town  of  Lower  Egypt,  in 
the  Delta,  prov.  &  5  m.  S.S.W.  Menouf, 
on  the  Damietta  branch  of  the  Nile. 

Tantalem,  a  consid.  island  of  Further 
India,  dom.,  &  in  the  gulf  of  Siam.  L. 
65  m. ;  breadth  varies  to  20  m. 

Tanuirath  Dura  (the  Adoraim  of 
Scripture,  2  Chron.  xi.  9,  &  Adora  of 
Josephus),  a  large  vill.,  Palestine,  pash. 
Damascus,  5  m.  W.S.W.  Hebron,  on  the 
E.  slope  of  a  hill,  enclosed  bj^  olive 
grounds.  It  is  the  residence  of  a  sheikh. 
It  has  no  remains  of  antiquity. 

Tan-yang  &  Tag,  two  towns  of  China. 
— ■ — I.  on  the  Imperial  canal,  60  m.  E. 
Nanking. — —II.  prov.  Hou-nan,  near 
lat.  25°  30' N.,  &  Ion.  112°  B. 

Taormina,  a  town  of  Sicily,  30  miles 
S.W.  Messina,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  E.  coast 
of  the  island.  P.  3,300.  It  is  enclosed 
by  an  irregular  wall  &  lines,  surmounted 
by  old  Saracenic  walls.  But  its  chief 
celebrity  is  due  to  its  splendid  remains 
of  antiquity,  comprising  a  theatre,  capa- 
'ble  of  accommodating  40,000  spectators, 
&  one  of  the  finest  ancient  structures 
extant. 

Taos,  co.,  New  Mexico.    P.  9,507. 

II.  a  considerable  town  of  Upper  Texas, 
60  m.  N.  Santa  Fe. 

Taouk,  a  town  of  Turkish  Kurdistan, 
30  m.  S.  Kerkook. 

Tapajos,  a  river  of  Brazil,  after  a  N. 
course  of  500  m.  joins  the  Amazon. 


'rss 


CTCLOPJEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[tar 


Tapiau,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  22  m. 
E.S.B.  Konigsberg.     P.  2,700. 

Tapolcsany,  two  market  towns  of 
Hungary. 

Tapool,  an  island  of  the  Malay  arch- 
ipelago, Sooloo  group,  15  m.  S.W.  Sooloo. 

Tappahanoc,  port  of  entry,  &  cap. 
Essex  CO.  Va.,  on  the  Rappanahannock, 
43  m.  from  its  mouth  in  Chesapeake  bay. 
It  has  a  good  harbor  &  a  custom-house. 
P.  300.  Tonnage,  5,659  69.  —  Tappan 
bay,  state  &  12  m.  N.  New  York,  is  an 
expansioQ  of  the  river  Hudson,  to  2  or  3 
m.  in  width.  At  Tappantown,  on  its  W. 
side,  Major  Andre  was  hung  as  a  spy, 
October  2,  1780. 

Tappanooly,  a  dist.  of  Sumatra,  on 
the  W.  coast,  with  a  fine  bay. 

Taptee,  a  river  of  India,  enters  the 
gulf  of  Cambay. 

Taquari,  a  river  of  Brazil,  joins  the 
Paraguay.     Total  course,  400  m. 

Tar,  a  river,  N.  Carolina,  after  a  S.W. 
course,  expands  at  Washington  into  an 
estuary,  which  joins  Pamlico  sound. 
Total  length,  160  m.  It  is  connected  by 
a  canal  with  the  Roanoke,  &  navig.  for 
vessels  drawing  9  feet  water^  from  the  sea 
to  Washington. —  Tarborough  is  a  vill.  at 
the  head  of  its  steamboat  navigation, 
60  m.  E.N.E.  Raleigh,  &  cap.  Edgecomb 
CO.  N.  C.     P.  600. 

Tara,  a  town  of  Siberia,  gov.  Tobolsk, 
on  the  Irtish,  135  m.  N.  Omsk.  P.  4,400. 
Principal  manufs.  are  of  leather,  hats, 
&  vitriol. — The  river  Tara  joins  the  Tobol 
after  a  W.  course  of  200  m. 

Tarablus,  a  seaport  town  of  Syria. 

Tarancon,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the 
Rianzares.     P.  4,790. 

Taranovka,  a  market  town  of  Russia, 
27  m.  S.S.AV.  Kharkov.     P.  1,500. 

Taranta,  a  market  town  of  Naples. 
P.  1,500. 

Tarantaise,  a  prov.  of  Savoy,  having 
E.  the  Alps. 

Tarantasca,  a  village  of  N.  Italy, 
Piedmont,  6  m.  N.  Coni.  P.  of  comm. 
1,869. 

Taranto,  a  fortified  city  &  seaport  of 
Naples,  on  an  isl.  formerly  a  peninsula, 
separating  the  Mare  Piccolo,  its  inner 
-harbor,  from  the  gulf  of  Taranto,  44  m. 
W.S.W.  Brindisi.  P.'15,000.  The  city, 
on  the  site  of  the  anc.  citadel,  is  of  an 
oval  shape,  &  has  a  cathedral. —  Taren- 
fum,  reputed  to  have  been  founded  by 
colonists  from  Sparta  about  B.C.  700,  was 
long  a  wealthy  seat  of  commerce,  liter- 
ature, &  science  ;  but  it  was  taken  by  the 
Romans  under  Fabius  Maximus  B.C.  209, 
after  which  it  never  resumed  its  previous 


importance. — The  gulf  of  Taranto  is  a 
large   inlet  of    the    Mediterranean   sea.  ^ 
L.  70  m. ;  breadth  of  entrance  between 
Capes  Nau  &  Santa  Maria  de  Leuca  70  m. 

Tarapaca,  a  town  of  Peru,  on  a  riv. 
10  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Pacifio 
ocean. 

Tarare,  a  comm.  &  manufacturing 
town  of  France,  dep.  Rhone,  21  miles 
W.N.W.  Lyon.     P.  8,820. 

Tarascon,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 

dep.  Bouches  du  Rhone.     P.  9,150. 

II.  {sur  Aricge),  a  comm.  &  town,  dep. 
Ariege,  8  m.  S.  Foix,  on  rt.  bank  of  the 
Ariege.     P.  1,560. 

Tarashtcha,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the 
Kotliga.     P.  2,100. 

Tarasp,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  on  rt. 
b.  of  the  Inn,  8  m.  N.B.  Suss,  4,265  feeb 
above  the  sea. 

Taraz,  a  town  of  Central  Asia,  khanat 
&  220  m.  N.N.W.  Khokan. 

Tarazona,  two  towns  of  Spain". I. 

52  m.  W.N.W.  Zaragoza,  on  the  Queiles. 

P.  5,966. II.  {de  la  Mancha),  25  m. 

N.  Albacete,  with  6,028  inhabs. 

Tarbagatai,  a  frontier  t.  of  Chinese 
Turkestan,  180  m.  N.  Hi.— The  Tarba- 
bagatai-Oola  is  a  lofty  mountain  chain 
between  the  lakes  Zaisan  &  Balkash-nor. 

Tarban,  a  locality  in  New  S.  Wales, 
Australia,  co.  Cumberland. 

Tarbeht,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  co.  Kerry.     P.  1,024. 

Tarbert  (East  &  West),  2  inlets  on 
the  W.  coast  of  Scotlahd. 

Tarbes,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
cap.  dep.  H.  Pyrenees,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Adour,  23  m.  E.S.E.  Pan.  P.  11,- 
836. 

Tarbet  (East  &  West,  Lochs),  two 
inlets  of  the  sea,  on-  the  opposite,  coasts 
of  the  island  Harris,  Outer  Hebrides. 

Tarczal,  a  mkt.  town  of  Hungary.  P. 
3,410. 

Tardenois,  a  old  district  of  France, 
cap.  LaFere-eu-Tardenois. 

Tardoire,  a  river  of  France,  after  a 
W.  course  of  40  m.  joins  the  Bandiat. 

Tarem,  a  town  of  Persia,  prov.  Laris- 
tan,  70  m.  N.E.  Lar.     P.  3,000. 

Tarf,  several  small  rivers  of  Scot- 
land. 

Tarifa,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  at 
its  southern  exiretnity,  on  the  strait  of 
Gibraltar,  15  m.  W.S.W.  Gibraltar.  P. 
8,116.  The  town  has  a  Moorish  appear- 
ance. 

Tarifa,  a  village  of  the  isthmus  of 
Tehuantepec,  Mexican  confed.,  on  the  riv. 
Tarifa. 

Tahija,    a  frontier  dep.  of  Bolivia^ 


tat] 


UKIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


159 


Estimated  area,  12,000  sq.  m. —  Tarija, 
the  cap.  town,  is  on  the  river  Tarija,  80 
m.  S.E.  Cinti.     Estimated  p.  2,000. 

Tarkhan  (Cape),  the  most  W.  point 
of  the  Crimea,  Black  sea. 

Tarki,  a  considerable  town  of  the  Rus- 
sian dora.,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Cas- 
pian sea.     P.  8,000. 

Tarlow,  a  town  of  Poland.     P.  1,500. 

Tarma,  a  town  of  N.  Peru,  dep.  &  25 
m.  S.  J  unin.     P.  6,000. 

Tarn,  a  river  of  France,  joins  the 
Garonne.     L.  220  m. 

Tarn,  a  dep.  of  France  in  the  S.W., 
formed  of  part  of  the  old  prov.  of  upper 
Languedoc.  Area,  2,234  sq.  m.  P.  363,- 
073. 

Tarn -ET- Garonne,  a  dep.  of  France, 
in  the  S.W.,  formed  of  part  of  the  old 
prov.  Guienne.  Area,  1,373  sq.  m.  P. 
237,553. 

Tarnogrod,  a  town  of  Poland,  gov. 
Lublin,  near  Austria.     P.  4,200. 

Tarnopoi.,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia,  on  the  Sered,  80  m.  E.S.B.  Lem- 
berg.     P.  10,420. 

Tarnow,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia,  135  m.  W.  Lemberg.     P.  2,250. 

Tarnowitz,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Silesia, 
45  m.  S.E.  Oppeln.     P.  3,620. 

Taro,  a  river  of  N.  Italy,  doms.  Sardi- 
nia &  Parmea,  joins  the  Po,  after  a  N.E. 
course  of  55  m. 

Tarom,  a  town  of  Persia,  prov.  Fars, 
96  m.  S.S.E.  Shiraz.     P.  3,000. 

Tarporley,  a  market  town  of  Engl., 
10  m.  E.S.E.  Chester.     P.  2,546. 

Tarragona,  a  seaport  city  of  Spain, 
cap.  prov.,  on  a  lofty  rock  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Francoli  in  the  Mediterranean,  52 
m.  W.S.W.  Barcelona.  P.  11,475.  Re- 
mains of  an  amphitheatre,  a  circus,  an 
aqueduct,  sepulchres,  &c.,  testify  the  im- 
portance of  Tarraco  in  the  time  of  the 
Romans. 

Tarrakai  (Bay  of),  the  N.  part  of 
the  sea  of  Japan,  E.  Asia.     L.  400  m. 

Tarrasa,  a  town  of  Spain,  15  miles 
N.N.W.  Barcelona.     P.  5,118. 

Tarrega,  a  town  of  Spain,  25  miles 
E.N.E.  Lerida.     P.  3,915. 

Tarrinsay,  an  island  of  the  Outer 
Hebrides,  Scotland. 

Tarrytown,  a  vill..  New  York,  on  the 
Hudson,  27  m.  N.  New  York.  P.  1,500. 
Near  the  v.  is  Sleepy- Hollow,  the  scene 
of  a  well  known  tale  by  Washington  Ir- 
ving. Major  Andre  was  captured  here  in 
the  revolutionary  war. 

Tarsus,  a  city  of  Asia-Minor,  pash.  & 
18  m.  W.S.W.  Adana,  on  the  W.  side  of 
the  river  Cydnus,  12  m.  from  its  mouth 


in  the  Mediterranean.  Permanent  pop. 
estimated  at  7,000  ;  but  in  winter  it  is 
reported  to  have  30,000  inhabitants.  Ac- 
cording to  some  ancient  authors,  this  city 
was  founded  by  the  Assyrian  king,  Sar- 
danapalus.  It  was  taken  by  both  Cyrus 
&  Alexander,  &  was  subsequently  famous 
in  Roman  history,  &  as  the  birth-place  & 
residence  of  St.  Paul. 

Tartary,  a  vast  region  of  Asia  & 
Europe,  in  its  widest  acceptation  extend- 
ing from  the  sea  of  Japan,  to  the  river 
Dnieper. 

Tahtas,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Landes.     P.  1,919. 

Tartlau,  a  mkt.town  of  Transylvania, 
Saxon-land.     P.  4,000. 

Tarusa,  a  town  of  Russia,  42  miles 
N.N.W.  Tula,  cap.  dist.,  on  the  Oka.  P. 
2,300. 

Tarut,   an  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Bahrein. 

Tarvis,  a  mkt.  town  of  Illyria,  Carin- 

thia.     P.  1,090.    Here  the  French,  under 

Massena,   defeated  the  Austrians,   25th 

March  1797. 

Tasco,  a  town  of  the  Mexican  confed., 

dep.  &  70  m.  S.W.  Mexico. II.  a  vill. 

of  Colombia,  New  Granada. 

Tashbalik,  a  frontier  town  of  Chinese 
Turkestan. 

Tashkend,  a  town  of  Independent 
Turkestan,  khanat  &  90  m.  N.W.  Kho- 
kan,  on  an  afH.  of  the  Jaxartes.  P.  40,- 
000.(?) 

Tash-Kopri,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia,  52  m.  S.W.  Sinope. 

Tashlidje,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, Bosnia.     P.  4,000. 

Tashtapsk,  a  town  of  Siberia. 
Tashun,   a  town  of  Persia,  18  miles 
N.N.W.  Bebehan. 

Tasman's  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  N. 
coast  of  Middle  IsL,  New  Zealand. —  Tas- 
man^ s  peninsula  in  Van  Diemen's  Land, 
CO.  Pembroke.     L.  24  m. ;  br.  18  m. 

Tasnad,  a  market  town  of  Transyl- 
vania.    P.  3,070. 

Tassisudon,  the  cap.  town  of  Bootan, 
N.  Hindostan. 

Tatar-Bazardjik>  a  town  of  Europ. 
Turkey,  Rumili. 

Tate,  a  township,  0.,  co.  -Claremont. 
P.  2,364. 

Tatnall,  a  CO.  in  the  S.E.  of  Georgia. 
Area,  1,000  sq.  m.  Cap.  Reidsville.  P. 
3,227. 
Ta-tsien-lu,  a  fortified  town  of  China. 
Tatta,  a  considerable  town  of  Scinde, 
in  the  delta  of  the  Indus,  W.  of  its  main 
stream.     Estim.  p.  10,000. 

Tatta,  a  town  &  caravan  station  of 
Morocco,  on  the  Draha. 


760 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GKOGEAPHV. 


[tch 


Taubate,  a  modern  town  of  Brazil,  80 
m.  N.  Saa  Paulo.     P.  10,000. 

Taitbeb,  a  river  of  S.  Germany,  joins 
the  Main  at  Wertheim.  Course  70 
miles. 

Taucha,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  an  afa. 
of  the  Elster.     P.  2,095. 

Taugon-la-Ronde,  a  comm.  &  vi'l., 
France,  dep.  Charente  Inf.     P.  1,490. 

Taule,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Finistere,  4  m.  N.W.  Mor- 
laix.  P.  2,903. —  Taulignan  is  a  comm. 
&  market  town,  dep.  DrOme.     P.  1,318. 

Taun,  a  dist.  of  W.  Africa,  Upper 
Guinea. 

Taunda,  two  towns  of  Hindostan. 

I.  34  m.  S.E.  Oude,  on  the  Goggra. 

II.  on  the  Annas  riv. —  Taundla  is  a  town 
a  few  miles  E.  of  the  latter. 

Taungu,  a  town  of  Burmah,  80  m.  B. 
Prome. 

Taunton,  a  town,  England,  co.  Somer- 
set, on  the  river  Tone.  It  was  a  prin- 
cipal residence  of  the  West  Saxon  kings, 
especially  of  the  celebrated  Ina.  Here, 
after  the    battle   of   Sedgemoor,   Judge 

Jeffries  held  his  "  bloddy  assize." II. 

a  township,  Bristol  co.  Mass.,  on  a  river 
of  same  name,  32  miles  S.  Boston.  A 
railway  connects  it  with  Boston  &  New 
Bedford.     P.  10,441. 

Taunus,  a  mountain  range  of  W.  Ger- 
many. 

Taupo  (Lake),  New  Zealand,  in  the 
centre  of  N.  isl.,  is  30  m.  in  length. 

Taupont,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Morbihan.     P.  2,161. 

Taurida,  a  gov.  of  S.  Russia,  com- 
prising, with  the  peninsula  of  the  Crimea, 
a  territory  on  the  mainland.  Area,  24,714 
sq.  m.     P.  572,200. 

Tauss,  a  walled  town  of  Bohemia,  17 
m.  W.  Klattau.     P.  6,500. 

Tauste,  a  town  of  Spain,  27  m.  N.W. 
Zaragoza.     P.  3,513. 

Tauves,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Puy-de-DOme,  26  m.  S.W. 
Clermont.  P.  2,474. —  Tauxigny  is  a 
comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Indre-et-Loire,  arr. 
Loehes.     P.  1,311. 

Tavai-Poenammoo,  the  native  name 
of  New  Munster,  New  Zealand. 

Tavannes,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Bern,  6  m.  N.W.  Bienne.     P.  1,400. 

Tavastehus,  a  town  of  Russian  Fin- 
land, 78  m.  N.B.  Abo.     P.  1,700. 

Tavda,  a  river  of  Siberia,  joins  the 
Tobol,  50  m.  S.W.  Tobolsk,  after  a  S.E. 
course  of  200  m. 

Taverna,  a  vill.  of  Naples,  11  m.  N. 
Catanzaro.     P.  1,900. 

Taveenes,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 


France,  dep.  Var.     P.  1,404. —  Taverny, 
is  a  vill,  dep.  Seine-et-Oise.    P.  1,229. 

Tavignano,  the  principal  river  of  Cor- 
sica, enters  the  sea  on  its  E.  coast.  L. 
45  miles. 

Tavinsk,  a  tovvn  of  Russia.     P.  2,000. 

Tavira,  a  town  o?  Portugal,  21  miles 
E.N.E.  Faro,  on  the  Atlantic.     P.  8,600. 

Tavistock,  a  purl.  bor.  &  town  of 
England,  co.  Devon,  on  the  Tavy,  13  m. 
N.  Plymouth.     P.  27,759. 

Tavolara,  an  inlet  of  the  Mediter.,  off 
the  N.E.  coast  of  Sardinia. 

Tavoy,  a  town  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Bengal. 

Taveov,  a  town  of  Russia,  13  m.  S. 
Voronej.     P.  2,000. 

Tavy,  a  river  of  England,  co.  Devon, 
enters  the  Tamar.     Total  course    26  m. 

Taw,  a  river  of  England,  co.  Devon, 
which  after  being  joined  by  the  Torridge, 
enters  Bideford  bay.    Total  course  50  m. 

Tawally,  an  island  of  the  Asiatic 
archipelago,  25  m.  S.W.  Gilolo. 

Tawee,  an  island  of  the  Asiatic  archi- 
pelago, off  the  N.B.  extremity  of  Bor- 
neo.    L.  40  m.,  br.  15  m. 

Tay,  the  principal  river  &  estuary  of 
Scotland.  Total  course  from  120  to  160 
m.  Extensive  sand-banks  clog  its  en- 
trance, but  it  is  navigable  from  the  sea 
to  Newburgh,  15  m.  from  its  mouth,  for 
vessels  of  500  tons  burthen,  &  sometimes 
to  Perth  for  vessels  dravping  9  feet  of 
water. — Loch  Tay,  Breadalbane,  is  15  m. 
in  length  by  1  m.  in  breadth,  &  100  to 
600  feet  in  depth. 

Taya,  an  islet  of  the  Asiatic  archip., 
S.E.  Lingen. 

Tayf,  a  town  of  Arabia,  Hedjaz,  65  m. 
B.S.E.  Mecca. 

Taygetos,  one  of  the  most  lofty  moun- 
tains in  Greece,  Morea,  in  its  S.E.  part. 
Height,  7,903-feet. 

Taylorsville,   p-v.,   Patrick  co.  Va. 

II.  p-v.,  cap.  Johnson  co.  Tenn. 

III.  p-v.,  cap.  Spencer  co.  Ky. 

Tazev/ell,  a  S.W.  co.  Va.  Area, 
1,600  sq.  m.      Cap.  Jeffersonville.      P. 

9,942. II.  a  central  co.  111.      Area, 

1,130  sq.  m.     Cap.  Trembnt.     P.  12,052. 

III.   p-v.,   cap.   Marion  co.  Ga. 

IV.. p-v.,  cap.  Claiborne  co.  Tenn. 

Tazgaon,  a  fortified  town  Of  India, 
58  m.  S-S.E.  Sattarah. 

TcHABKAN,  or  Djabkan,  a  river  of 
the  Chinese  dom.,  Khalkas  country,  en- 
ters the  Lake  Ike-Aral-Nor.     L.  500  m. 

TcHABLiAK,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, Albania,  18  m.  N.  Scutari.  It  is 
stated  to  comprise  250  houses. 

Tchad  (Lake),  the  largest  lake  of 


tch] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER.,  0 


761 


Africa,  nearly  in  the  centre  of  that  con- 
tinent, in  Soudan. 

Tchahan-Soubahkan-Khoton,  a  t. 
of  Mongolia,  190  m.  N.N.E.  Peking. 

TcHANG,  a  prefix  to  tlie  names  of  nu- 
meroubi  cities  &  towns  of  China. 

TcHANY,  a  lake  of  Siberia.  L.  65  m., 
gr.  br.  40  m. 

Tchao-Naiman-Sume-Khoton,  a  t. 
of  Mongolia,  E.  Asia,  &  180  m.  N.  Pe- 
king. 

TCHARDAH&  Tchardad,  2  Small  towns 
of  Bulgaria. 

TcHARTORisK,  a  mkt  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  on  the  Styr,  &  1,600  inhabs. 

Tchatal-Burgas,  a  town  of  Europe- 
an Turkey,  Rumili,  23  m.  S.W.  Viza.— 
Tchatalcha  is  a  town  of  Rumili,  30  m. 
N.W.  Constantinople. 

TcHAussY,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  & 
25  m.  E.S.E.  Moghilev.     P.  5,000. 

TcHEBOKSARi,  a  town  of  Russia,  75  m. 
W.N.AV.  Kasan,  on  the  Volga.     P.  5,000. 

TcHELEBi-BAZAR,  a  market  town  of 
Bosnia. 

TcHELiABiANSK,  a  town  of  Asiatic 
Russia,  cap.  circ,  on  the  Miias,  70  miles 
N-N-W.  Troitsk.     P.  3,500. 

TcHEMBAR,  a  town  of  Russia,  66  miles 
AV.S.W.  Penza,  cap.  cire.     P.  2,700. 

TcHENG-TE,  an  isl.  off  the  S.  extremity 
of  Corea,  45  m.  W.  the  island  Tsu-sima. 

TcHEPTZA,  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the 
river  Viatka,  after  a  W.  course  of  250 
miles. 

TcHERDYN,  a  town  of  Russia,  162  m. 
^.  Perm.     P.  3,000. 

TcHERiKov,  a  town  of  Russia. 

TcHERKAsi,  a  town  of  Russia,  95  m. 
S.E.  Kiev.    P.  6,000. 

TcHERKASK,  two  towns  of  the  Russian 
empire,  &  successively  caps,  of  the  Don 

Cossack  country.- 1.  (^Staroi  or  Old), 

N.  the  Don,  near  its  mouth,  &  on  an  isl. 
formed  between -it  &  the  Aksai.  45  miles 
E.N.E.  Azov.  P.  15,000.-^11.  {Novoi 
or  New),  N.  the  Aksai  river,  14  miles 
N.N.E.  Staroi-Tcherkask.     P.  17,800. 

TcHERKiN,  a  town  of  Abyssinia,  state 
&  40  m.  N.N.W.  Gondar. 

TcHERN,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  &  61 
m.  S.S.W.  Tula,  cap.  cire.     P.  2,200. 

TcHEENETz,  a  town  of  Wallachia,  on 
the  Danube. 

TcHERNiGOv,  a  gov.  of  Russia,  in  the 
S.,  having  W.  the  Dnieper.  Area,  21,248 
sq.  m.  P.  1,430,000.— Tchernigov,  the 
cap.  is  situated  on  the  Desna,  80m.  N.N.E. 
Kiev.     P.  7,500. 

TcHERNOYARSK,  a  fortified  town  of 
Russia,  150  m.  N.N-.W.  Astrakhan.  P. 
3,500. 


TcHERVLENSKAiA,  a  fortified  town  of 
Russia,  gov.  Caucasus,  on  the  Terek. 

TcHESME,  a  maritime 

TcHETCHEN,  an  island  of  the  Caspian 
sea,  off  its  W.  coast. 

TcHETCHENTZI  COUNTRY  (The),  formS 

the  E.  part  of  Circassia. 

TcHETCHERSK,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia, 
75  m.  S.S.E.  Moghilev.     P.  3,500.    . 

TcHE-TCHiNG,  Several  towns  of  China. 

TcHiABAK,  or  SziABAK,  a  town  of 
European  Turkey,  Albania. 

TcHiFOUD-IiALE,  awalled  town  of  the 
Crimea. 

TcHiFTLiK,  a  t.  of  Turkish  Armenia. 

TcHiGRiN,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Kiev, 
on  the  Tiasmin,  21  m.  W.  Krilov.  P. 
3,400. 

TcHiKiRi,  a  river  of  Manchooria,  E. 
Asia,  after  a  S.E.  &  S.  course  of  450  m., 
joins  the  Amoor. —  Tckikotan  is  a  small 
island  of  Japan,  N.E.  Yesso. 

TcHiN  &,  TcHiNG,  names  of  Chinese 
cities  with  these  prefixes. 

TcHiN-NGAN,  a  city  of  China. 

TcHiN-TCHOu,  two  cities  of  China 

I.  80  m.  S.S.E.  Kai-fung. II.  100  m. 

W.S.W.  the  Great  Lake  Tong-ting. 

TcHiN-YuEN,  a  city  of  China.  Lat.  27° 
1'  12' N.,  Ion.  108°  10' E. 

TcHiN-YuNG,  two  cities  of  China. 

I.  lat.  27°  20'  N.,  Ion.  105°  E. II.  33 

m.  E.  Tchin-ngan. 

TcHiPROVATz,  a  t.  of  Europ.  Turkey, 
Bulgaria. 

TcHiRKis,  a  smalltown  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia. 

TcHiRMEN,  a  town  of  Europ.  Turkey, 
Rumili.     P.  2,000. 

TcHisTOPOL,  a  town  of  Russia,  65  m. 
E.S.E.  Kasan,  on  the  Kama.     P.  3,800. 

TcHi-TcHou,  a  city  of  China,  cap.  dep., 
120  m.  S.W.  Nanking. 

TcHiTiNSK,  a  fortified  town  of  Siberia, 
gov.  Irkutsk,  on  the  Ingoda. 

TcHocuNNA,  river,  Ga.,  rises  in  Mon- 
roe CO.,  runs  S.E.  &  enters  Ockmulgee  riv. 
It  is  about  40  miles  long. 

TcHONG-KiNG,  acityof  Ch'a. —  Tchong- 
kiang  is  a  town,  same  prov.,  50  m  Jif.E. 
Tching-tou. 

TcHORLU,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Rumili,  20  m.  N.E.  Rodosto.     P.  4,000. 

TcHORUK,  a  river  of  Turkish  Armenia. 
Course  200  miles. 

TcHOHUJM,  a  town  of  Asia- Minor,  pash. 
Sivas.     Estim.  p.  7,600. 

TcHOUSsovA,  a  river  of  Russia,  flows 
W.,  &  after  a  course  of  250  m.  joins  the 
Kama. 

TcHOu-YuNG,  a  city  of  China,  75  m. 
W.  Yun-nan,  cap.  dep. 


162 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


TcHUGLOMA,  or  TcHucHLOMA,  a  town, 

Russia,  83  m.  N.E.  Kostroma.     P.  1,800. 

TcHUGUJEV,  a  fortified  town  of  Russia, 

25  m.  E.S.E.  Kharkov,  on  the  Severnoi- 

Donetz.     P.  9,000. 

.  TcHui,  a  river  of  Cent.  Asia,  &  has  a 
W.  course  of  nearly  700  m.  through  the 
Khokan  dom.,  in  a  lake  of  which  it  ter- 
minates. 

TcHUKTCHi-CouNTKY,  a  region  at  the 
N.B.  extremity  of  Asia  &  E.  Siberia. 

TcHULiM,  a  river  of  Siberia,  joins  the 
Obe  100  miles  N.W.  Tomsk,  after  a  N.W. 
course  of  500  m. 

TcHussoKsKOi-GoRODOK,  two  contigu- 
ous  mkt.  towns  of  Russia,  40  m.  E.N.E. 
Perm.     United  p.  5,700. 

TcHU-TCHOU,  a  city  of  China,  130  m. 
S.  Hang-choo-foo,  on  the  Toun,  80  miles 
from  the  coast. 

Te  &  Te-an,  two  cities  of  China. 

I.  on  the  Imperial  canal,  65  m.  N.W. 

Tsi-nan. II.  50  m.  N.W.  Ilan-yang. 

Teano,  a  tovrn  of  Naples,  13  m.  N.W. 
Capua.  P.  7,800. —  Teana  is  a  market 
town,  18  m.  W.S.W.  Tursi.     P.  1,600. 

Teary,  a  town  of  India,  Bundelcund, 
54  m.  S.S.E.  Chatterpoor. 

Tebas-y-tenaeubia,  a  town  of  Spain, 
38  m.  N.W.  Malaga.     P.  3,316. 

Tecali,  a  town  of  the  Mexican  confed., 
dep.  &  15  m.  S.E.  La  Puebla. 

Teche,  a  river  of  Louisiana,  flows 
S.S.E.  &  joins  the  outlet  of  Lake  Chetim- 
aches  after  a  course  of  180  m.,  for  100 
miles  of  which,  to  New  Iberia,  it  is  navi- 


Tecklenburg,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Westphalia.     P.  1,250. 

Tecumseh,  a  town,  Lenawee  co.  Mich. 
P.  2,679. 

Tedla,  a  prov.  of  Morocco,  immedi- 
ately W.  Mount  Atlas. 

Tednest,  a  town  in  the  dom.  <&  73  m. 
W.  of  Morocco.  Estimated  p.  4,000,  of 
whom  1,800  are  Jews. 

Tedsi,  a  t.  of  Morocco,  25  m.  E.N.E. 
Terodant.     P.  14,000. 

Tee,  town,  Carroll  co.  0.     P.  1,372. 

Teen-tsin,  a  town  of  China,  on  the 
Pei-ho,  at  the  .  commencement  of  the 
Grand  Canal,  70  m.  S.E.  Peking. 

Teeha,  a  town  &  fort  of  W.  Hindos- 

tan,  Cutch,  52  m.  W.  Bhooj. II.   (or 

Teeree),  a  petty  town  of  AtFghanistan, 
cap.  chiefship,  S.  Peshawer. —  Teeree  is  a 
town  of  Beloochistan,  70  miles  N.N.H. 
Kelat. 

Tees,  a  river  of  Engl.,  after  an  E.- 
ward  course  of  90  m.,  joins  the  N.  sea  by 
an  estuary,  nearly  3  m.  across,  10  miles 
E.N.E.  Stockton.     At  its  mouth  is  a  bar 


with  from  10  to  12  feet  water  at  low,  & 
from  26  to  28  feet  at  high  tide. 

Teesta,  a  river  of  Hindostan,  joins  the 
Ganges  in  Bengal,  40  m.  W.N.W.  Dacca, 
after  a  course  estimated  at  360  m. 

Teffe,  a  river  of  Brazil,  after  a  N.E. 
course  of  500  m.,  joins  the  Amazon. 

Tefus,  the  cap.  city  of  Georgia,  in 
Asiatic  Russia,  &  of  all  Russian  Trans- 
caucasia, on  the  Kur.  P.  50,000.  The 
Armenian  cathedral  is  a  large  &  striking 
edifice,  &  Teflis  has  several  mosques. 

Tefsa,  or  Tefza,  a  town  of  Morocco, 
cap.  prov.  Tedla.    United  p.  about  10,500, 

Tegerhy,  a  town  of  Central  Africa, 
Pezzan,  on  the  main  route  to  Nigritia, 
120  m.  S.E.  Mourzouk. 

Tegernsee,  a  vill.  &  lako  of  Upper 
Bavaria,  31  m.  S.  Munich.  L.  of  lake  4 
miles. 

Tegucigalpa,  a  town  of  Central  Amer- 
ica, state  Honduras,  cap.  dep.,  on  a 
table-land,  40  m.  S-W.  Co.mayagua.     P. 

lo.ogo.c?) 

Teguise,  a  town  of  the  Canary  islands, 
cap.  of  the  isl.  Lanzarote,  near  its  centre. 
P.  3,736. 

Tegulet,  a  town  of  Abyssinia,  Shoa, 
of  which  it  was  formerly  cap.,  18  miles 
W.  Ankober. 

Tehama,  two  marit.  plains  of  Arabia, 
one  extending  along  its  W.  coast  from 
Ras  Mohammed  to  Jiddah,  a  distance  of 
S50  m. ;  the  other,  Muscat  dom.,  border- 
ing the  sea  of  Bab^el-Mandeb,  &from  20 
to  40  m.  in  width. 

Teheran,  the  cap.  city  of  Persia,  70 
m.  S.  the  Caspian  sea,  &  210  m.  N.  Ispa- 
han. Lat.  35°  42'  N.,  Ion.  51°  20'  50" 
E.  Stationary  p.  10,000;  but  during  the 
residence  of  the  court  in  winter,  it  is  60,- 
000  &  upwards.  It  is  about  5  m.  in  cir- 
cuit, &  enclosed  by  an  earthen  wall 
flanked  with  towers,  a  glacis,  &  a  dry 
trench.  External  appearance  pictur- 
esque ;  its  mosques,  colleges,  &  caravan- 
serais are  in  good  repair. 

Teheroot,  a  town  of  Persia,  80  miles 
E.S.E.  Kirmau. 

Tehuacan,  a  town  of  the  Mexican 
confed.,  dep.  &  65  m.  S.E.  La  Puebla.  P. 
12,000. 

Tehuantepec,  a  river-port  town  of 
the  Mexican  confed.,  dep.  &  150  m.  E.S.E. 
Oaxaca,  on  the  river  Tehuantepec.  P. 
8,000.  (?) 

Tehuantepec  (Gulf  of),  a  bay  of  the 
Pacific  ocean,  Central  America,  bounded 
N.W.  &  N.E.  by  the  Mexican  dep.  Oax- 
aca, &  the  territory  of  Guatemala,  lat.'*' 
16°  N.,  Ion.  94°  to  95°  W.  It  receives 
the  river  Tehuantepec,  10  miles  S.  the 


ten] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZKT'fEER. 


Y63 


town. — The  isthmus  of  Tehuantepec  is 
the  narrowest  part  of  the  land  separating 
the  gulf  of  Mexico  from  the  Pacific,  &  is 
130  lu.  across.  This  is  one  of  the  places 
where  it  has  been  proposed  to  unite  the 
Atlantic  &  Pacific  oceans  by  a  canal,  of 
which  the  river  &  some  lakes  would  form 
a  part. 

Teify,  a  river  of  N.  AVales,  enters 
Cardigan  bay,  after  a  course  of  about  70 
miles. 

Teign,  a  river  of  England,'  co.  Devon, 
rises  in  Dartmoor.     Total  course  45  m. 

Teignmodth,  a  marit.  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Devon,  on  both  sides  of  the  Teign. 
P.  4,459. 

Teil  (Le),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Ille-et-Vilaine,  17  m.  S.W.  Vitre. 
P.  2,394. 

Teilleul  (Le),  a,  comm.  &  market 
town  of  France,  dep.  Manehe,  8  m.  S.S.E. 
Mortain.     P.  2,539. 

Teinitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circ.  & 
27  m.  S.E.  Beraun,  on  the  Sazawa.  P. 
2,403. 

Teissholz,  or  Tiszolcz,  a  mkt.  town 
of  N.W.  Hungary,  co.  &  21  miles  N.W. 
Gomor.     P.  3,170. 

Teith,  a  river  of  Sootl.,  co.  Perth,  is 
formed  by  two  heads  which  unite-  near 
Callander. 

Tek-Naaf,  a  navig.  river  of  Aracan, 
enters  the  bay  of  Bengal. 

Tekrit,  a  poor  town  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, 97  m.  N.N.W.  Bagdad,  on  rt.  b.  of 
the  Tigris. 

Tekrova,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia,  on  AV.  shore  of  G.  of  Adalia, 
23  m.  S.S.W.  Adali'a. 

Telav,  a  fortified  town  of  Russian 
Transcaucasia,  35  miles  N.E.  Teflis.  P. 
3,000. 

Telese,  a  decayed  episcop.  town  of 
Naples,  14  m.  N.E.  Caserta,  on  the  Ca- 
lore. 

Telfair,  a  central  co.  Ga.  Area,  950 
sq.  m.     P.  3,026.     Cap.  Jacksonville. 

Telsh,  or  Telcha,  a  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  150  m.  N.W.  Vilna.     P.  2,000. 

Teltow,  a  town  of  Prussia,  9  m.  E. 
Potsdam.     P.  1,380. 

Teltsch,  a  walled  town  of  Moravia, 
17  m.  S.S.W.  Iglau.     P.  3,406. 

TEMBLEauE,  a  town  of  Spain,  30  miles 
S.E.  Toledo.     P.  3,720. 

Temby,  the  most  S.  of  3  rivers  which 
enter  English  river,  Delagoa  bay. 

Teme,  a  river  of  S.  Wales,  joins  the 
Severn.     Total  course  60  m. 

Temeein,  a  mkt.  town  of  S.  Hungary, 
34  m.  E.  Bacs.     P.  6,393. 

Tbmes,  a  river  of  S.E.  Hungary,  Ba- 


nat,  joins  the  Danube  6  m.  E.  Belgrade. 

Total  course  180  m. 

Tbmesvar,  a  fortified  city  of  S.  Hun- 
gary, cap.  CO.,  on  the  Alt-Bega  &  the 
Bega  canal,  72  m.  N.N.E.  Belgrade.  P. 
18,000,  comprising  Hungarians,  Ger- 
mans, Greeks,  Wallachs,  &  Jews.  It  was 
taken  by  the  Turks  under  Solyman  II. 
in  1551,  retaken  by  Prince  Eugene  ia 
1716,  &  bombarded  &  taken  by  the  Aus- 
trian troops  in  1849. 

Temiscaminq  (Lake),  between  Upper 
&  Lower  Canada.  L.  30  m.,  br.  15  m. 
It  discharges  its  surplus  water  into  the 
Ottawa  river. — Temiscaming  house,  a 
sta.  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Co.,  is  on  its  E. 
side. 

Temnikov,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the 
Moksha.     P.  3,200. 

Tempelburg,  a  walled  town  of  Prus- 
sian Pomerania.    P.  3,400. 

Tempio,  a  town  of  the  island  Sardinia. 
P.  of  comm.  9,466. 

Tempisque,  a  consid.  river  of  Central 
America,  in  W,  part  of  the  state  Costa- 
Kica. 

Templemore,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Mun- 
ster,  CO.  Tipperary.     P.  3,685. 

Temple- Newsham,  a  tnship.  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  York,  "W.  Pviding.     P.  1,264. 

Tkmpleton,  t.,  Worcester  co.  Mass. 
P.  1,776. 

Templeuve,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov. 

Hainault.     P.  3,500. II.  a  comm.  & 

vill.  of  France,  dep.  Nord,  8  m.  S.E.  Lille. 
P.  3,024. 

Templin,  a  walled  town  of  Prussia, 
province  Brandenburg.     P.  3,380. 

Temruk,  a  fortified  town  of  S.  Russia, 
gov.  Caucasus. 

Tenasserim,  a  river  of  Further  In- 
dia.    Total  course  220  m. II.  a  town 

of  the  most  S.  of  Tenasserim  provs. 

Tenasserim  Provinces,  British  In- 
dia, consist  of  a  long  &  narrow  slip  of 
territory  in  Further  India,  having  E.  a 
mountain-chain  separating  them  from 
Siam,  W.  the  Indian  ocean  &  Saluen 
river.  L.  500  m.,  br.  40  to  80  m.  Area, 
about  32,500  sq.  miles.  Estimated  p. 
118,000. 

Tenbury,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  &  18  m.  W.N.W.  AVorcester.    P.  1,849. 

Tenby,  a  pari.  &  munic.  bor.  &  seaport 
town  of  S.  Wales,  co.  &  9  m.  E.  Pem- 
broke.    P.  of  comm.  2,441. 

Tendha,  a  long  &  narrow  island  in  the 
Black  sea,  40  miles  E.  Odessa.     L.  33  m. 

Tendee    (Mont),    one   of   the    Jura 
mountains  of  Switzerland,  cant.  Vaud,    a 
on    the  E.  side  of  the  lake  de  Joux,  & 
5,338  ft.  in  height. 


fe 


•764 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[tek 


Tenedos,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Asia-JMiner,  5  m.  N.W.  Alexandria  Troas. 
L.  5  m.,  br.  2  m. 

^  Tenember,  an  island  of  the  Asiatic 
archipelago,  45  m.  N.E.  Timor-Laut.  L. 
10  m.,  br.  3  m. 

Tenerife,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  New 
Granada,  dep.  Cauca. 

Tenerife,  the  largest  of  the  Canary 
islands,  in  the  Atlantic,  40  m.  N.W.  the 
Great  Canary.  L.  74  m.,  br.  35  miles. 
Area,  877  sq.  m.  P.  85,011.  Principal 
towns,  Santa  Cruz,  Orotava,  Laguna, 
Icod,  &  Guiaraar. — The  -peak  of  Tenerife, 
or  'pica  de  Teyde,  is  a  famous  volcanic 
mountain  on  the  N.W.  of  the  island. 
Height  above  the  ocean  12,182  ft. 

Tenez,  or  Tennis,  a  marit.  to-wn  of 
Algeria,  120  m.  E.N.E.  Oran.    P.  950. 

Te-ngan,  acity  of  China. —  Tengfung 
is  a  town,  prov.  Ho-nan,  cap.  dist. 

Tengapatnam,  a  marit.  tov/n  of  S. 
India,  dom.  Cochin,  24  m.  N.W.  Cape 
Comorin. 

Tengri-Nor,  a  large  lake  of  Tibet.  L. 
80  m.,  br.  40  m. 

Teng-tchou,  two  cities  of  China. 

Teng-ye,  a  town  of  China,  near  the 
Burmese  frontier. 

Tennessee,  a  river  of  the  II.  S.,  form- 
ed by  union  of  the  Holston  &  Clinch  rivs., 
flows  S.W.  through  the  E.  part  of  the 
state  Tennessee,  &  W.  through  the  N.  of 
Alabama,  &  30  m.  W.  Florence  turns  N.- 
ward,  through  the  W.  parts  of  Tenn.  & 
Kentucky,  until  it  joins  the  Ohio,  by  a 
mouth  600  yards  across.  Total  course  to 
the  head  of  the  Holston  1,200  m.,  &  it  is 
navigable  for  steamers  from  the  Ohio  for 
260  m.  to  the  Muscle  shoal  rapids,  which 
are  rounded  by  a  canal  36  m.  in  length. 
Above  this  it  is  navigable  by  boats  of  50 
tons  burden  for  200  m.  more,  to  the  Suck, 
a  mountain  gap.  It  is  navig.  for  boats 
for  1,000  m.  of  its  course. 

Tennessee,  one  of  the  U.  S.,  in  the 
central  part  of  the  Union,  but  included 
among  the  W.  states,  between  lat.  35°  & 
36°  35'  N.,  &  Ion.  81°  30'  &  90°  W.,  hav- 
ing N.  Kentucky  &  Virginia,  E.  North 
Carolina,  S.  Georgia,  Alabama,  &  Missis- 
sippi, &  W.  the  river  Mississippi,  separat- 
ing it  from  Arkansas  &  Missouri.  Area, 
45,600  sq.  m.  P.  in  1840,  829,210,  of 
whom  183,059  were  slaves ;  in  1830,  996,- 
354,  of  whom  239,461  were  slaves.  The 
Cumberland  mountains  intersect  it  in 
its  centre,  dividing  it  into  E.  &  W.  Ten- 
nessee. Surface  elsewhere  mostly  undu- 
lating, &  soil  fertile.  Principal  rivers, 
after  the  Mississippi,  are  the  Tennessee  ! 
&  Cumberland,  tributaries  of  the  Ohio.  | 


Wheat,  maize,  oats,  cotton,  &  tobacco, 
are  the  chief  crops  ;  aromatic  seeds,  tim- 
ber, vitriol,  nitre,  alum,  lead,  &  lime- 
stone, are  other  principal  products  ;  &  in 
addition  to  the  foregoing,  cattle,  salted 
meats,  coarse  linens,  &  gunpowder,  are 
among  the  exports  which  are  chiefly  sent 
down  the  rivers  to  the  Ohio.  Public  rev., 
$395,346.  State  debt,  $3,352,856  66. 
Productive  pub.  property,  $4,894,922  56. 
134  m.  railway  in  operation,  &  558  in 
course  of  construction.  Tennessee  is  di- 
vided into  82  COS.,  &  has  10  representa- 
tives in  Cong.  Principal  towns,  Nash- 
ville, the  cap.,  Knoxville,  &  Memphis. 
The  state  was  originally  conjoined  to  N. 
Carolina,  but  was  formed  into  an  inde- 
pendent state  in  1790,  &  admitted  into 
the  Union  in  1796. 

Tennstedt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxo- 
ny.    P.  2,984. 

Tenochtitlan,  the  ancient  name  of 
the  city  of  Mexico. 

Tensaw,  two  rivers  of  the  U.  S. 1. 

(or  Tensas),  Arkansas  &  Louisiana,  joins 
the  Washita,  8  m.  S.  Octahoola,  after  a 

S.  course  of  120  m^ II.  the  E.  outlet 

of  Mobile  riv.,  in  Alabama. 

Tensift,  a  principal  river  of  Morocco, 
which  kingdom  it  divides  into  two  nearly 
equal  parts,  after  a  W.  course  of  190  m. 
enters  the  Atlantic. 

Tentkrden,  a  munic.  bor.,  mkt.  town 
of  England,  co.  Kent.     P.  3,620. 
.   Teopixca,  a  small  town  of  the  Mexi- 
can confed.,  dep.  Chiapas. 

Teora,  a  town  of  Naples.     P.  3,800. 

Tepeaca,  a  town  of  the  Mexican  con- 
fed.,  20  m.  S.E.  La  Puebla. 

Tepeleni,  a  town  of  Albania,  32  m. 
E.S.E.  Avlona,  on  the  Voyussa. 

Tepetitan,  a  town  of  the  Mexican 
confed.,  dep.  Tabasco.     P.  1,000. 

Tepexe,  a  town  of  the  Me.xican  confed., 
dep.  &  50  m.  S.  La  Puebla. 

Tepic,  a  town  of  the  Mexican  confed., 
dej).  Xalisco,  on  a  height,  25  m.  E.  San 
Bias.     P.  10,000. 

Tepikinskaja,  a  mkt.  townof  Eussia, 
Don  Cossack  territory.     P.  2,000. 

Tepl,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circ.  &  29 
m.  N.W.  Pilsen.     P.  1,734. 

Teplik,  a  market  town  of  Russian  Po- 
land, gov.  Podolia.     P.  1,500. 

Teplitz,  or  Toplitz,  several  market 
towns  of  Hungarj',  the  principal  co.  Lip- 
tau.     P.  1,221. 

Teposcolula,  a  market  town  of  the 
Mexican  confed. 

Tequia,  a  town  of  S.  America,  New 
Granada,  dep.  Boyaca. 

Tee,  a  river  of  Spain,  Catalonia. 


tet] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


785 


Teha-kako,  a  peninsula  on  the  E. 
coast  iif  New  Zealand,  N.  island.— Lake 
Ttra-wera  in  same  island,  40  miles  in 
length. 

Teramo,  a  city  of  Naples,  27  m.  N.E. 
Aquila.     P.  10,000. 

Terceira,  one  of  the  Azores  islands 
in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  central  group,  N.E. 
Faval.  Estimated  area,  222  sq.  m.  P. 
45,000. 

Tercero,  a  river  of  the  Plata  confed., 
after  an  E.  course  joins  the  Parana. 

Terek,  a  river  of  S.  Russia,  after  an 
E.' course  of  350  m.,  enters  the  Caspian 
sea. 

Terekli,  a  small  town  of  Asia-Minor. 

Terespol,  a  town  of  Poland.  P.  1,600. 

Terga,  a  town  of  Morocco,  kingdom 
&  70  m.  N.N.E.  Fez,  near  the  Mediterr. 
P.  3,000. 

Tergovist,  a  town,  formerly  cap.  of 
Wallachia,  on  the  Jalomnitza.    P.  5,000. 

Terk,  a  pretty  little  town  of  N.  Persia. 

Terlizzi,  a  town  of  Naples,  17  m.  S.E. 
Barletta.     P.  12,000. 

Termini,  a  seaport  town  of  SKcily,  on 
the  N.  coast.     P.  13,000. 

Terminos  ^Lake  of),  an  inlet  of  the 
Caribbean  sea,  dividing  the  Mexican  dep. 
Tabasco  from  Yucatan.  L.  70  m. ;  br. 
40  m. 

TiJRMOLi,  a  maritime  town  of  Naples, 
on  a  peninsula.     P.  2,000. 

Ternate,  a  small  island  of  the  Malay 
archipelago,  W.  of  Gilolo. 

Terneuse,  a  fortified  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  prov.  Zeeland.     P.  1,100. 

Terni,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.     P.  9,250. 

Terodant,  a  town  of  Morocco,  cap. 
prov.  Sus,  on  the  river  Sus,  125  m.  S.W. 
Morocco.    P.  21,000. 

Terracina,  a  seaport  town  of  S.  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta.,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the 
Pontine  marshes,  &  on  the  gulf  of  Ter- 
racina.     P.  4,240. 

Terra  di  Lavoro,  a  prov.  of  Naples. 

Terra-Firma,  an  obsolete  name  for- 
merly applied  to  the  Spanish  main,  S. 
America. 

Terraneh,  a  town  of  Lower  Egypt, 
on  Rosetta  arm  of  the  Nile. 

Terranova,  a  seaport  town  on  the  S. 
coast  of  Sicily,  cap.  dist.,  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Terranova,  18  m.  E.  AUcata.     P. 

10,000. II.  a  town  of  Naples,  8  m.  S. 

Cassano.    P.  2,400. III.  a  mkt.  town, 

prov.  Basilicata. IV.  a  town  of   the 

isl.  Sardinia,  on  a  bay  of  the  N.E.  coast. 
P.  of  comm.  1,960. —  Terranvova  is  a 
mkt.  town  of  Tuscany,  prov.  Florence. 
P.  2,000. 


Terrasson,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Dordogne.     P.  2,893. 

Terre  (Sainte),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Gironde.     P.  2,137. 
-   Terre-Bonne,  a  pa.  of  the  U.  S.,  in  S. 
part   of  Louisiana,   cap.   Williamsburg. 
Area,  1,850  sq.  m.     P.  7,724. 

Terre-de-Haut,  &  Terre-de-JBas,  2 
islets  of  the  French  W.  Indies,  togettier 
forming  the  group  Petit- Terre,  26  m.  E. 
Guadeloupe. 

Terre-Haute,  a  vill.,  cap.  Vigo  co. 
Indiana,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Wabash,  78  m. 
W.  Indianapolis.     P.  4,900. 

Terressa,  one  of  the  Nicobar  islands, 
in  the  Indian  ocean,  lat.  8°  20'  N. ;  Ion. 
930  15'  E. 

Terricciola,  a  vill.  of  Tuscany,  19  m. 
S.E.  Pisa.     P.  2,800. 

Terschelling,  an  isl.  in  the  N.  sea. 
belonging  to  the  Netherlands. 

Teruel,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  a  hill 
near  the  Guadalaviar,  72  miles  N.W. 
Valencia.     P.  6,752. 

Tervueren,  a.  vill.  of  Belgium,  7  m. 
E.  Brussels. 

Teschen,  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia, 
on  the  Olsa.     P.  6,400. 

Tesegdelt,  a  town  of  Morocco,  30  m. 
S.E.  Mogadore. 

Tessenderloo,  a  vill.  of  Belgian 
Limbourg,  15  miles  N.W.  Hasselt.  P. 
2,500. 

Tessin,  a  town  of  N.  Germany,  Meck- 
lenburg-Schwerin,  20  m.  N.N.E.  Giistrow, 
on  the  Recknitz.     P.  2,025. 

Teste-de-Buch  (La),  a  comm.  &  town 
of  France,  dep.  Gironde,  in  the  landes, 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  Bassin  d'Arcachon, 
&  30  m.  S.W.  Bordeaux.     P.  2,859. 

Testigos,  a  group  of  islets  in  the 
Caiibbean  sea,  belonging  to  Venezviela. 

Tet,  a  river  of  France,  after  an  E.N.E. 
course,  enters  the  Mediterranean.  Total 
course  55  ni. 

Tet,  or  Tett,  a  decayed  town  of 
Morocco.     P.  1,000. 

Tetbury,  a  mkt.  town  of  England,  co. 
&  17  m.  S.S.E.  Gloucester.     P.  2,982.       l 

Tete  Noire,  a  pass  of  the  Alps, 
between  Switzerland  &  Savoy. 

Tete,  or  Tette,  a  town  of  E.  Africa, 
cap.  a  gov.  of  the  Portuguese  territory, 
on  the  Zambezi. 

Teterev,  a  river  of  Russian  Poland, 
joins  the  Dnieper. 

Teterow,  a  walled  town  of  N.  Ger- 
many.    P.  3,759. 

Tetiushi,  a  tovvn  of  Russia,  60  miles 
S.S.W.  Kasan.     P.  1,700. 

Tet.schen,  a  town  of  Bohemia.  P. 
1,423. 


766 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[tba 


Tettnang,  a  town  of  Wurtemberg, 
eirc.  Danube.     P.  1,361. 

Tetuan,  a  marit.  town  of  Morocco, 
kgdtn.  Fez.     P.  16,000. 

Teuchern,  a  mkt.  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony.     P.  1,558. 

Teuffen,  or  Teufen,  a  mkt.  town  of 
Switzerland.     P.  4,000. 

TtiULADA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Alicante,  near  the    Mediterranean.     P. 

1,638. II.  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Sardinia, 

div.  &  24  m.  S.W.  Cagliari.  P.  1,654.— 
Cape  Teulada,  bounds  the  gulf  of  Teu- 
lada,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Sardinia. 

Teuschnitz,  a  town  of  Bavaria.  P. 
800. 

Teutobuhger-Wald,  a  mntn.  range 
of  little  elev.  in  N.  Germany. 

Tevebone,  or  Anio,  a  riv.  of  Central 
Italy,  Pontif  sta.     Total  course  55  m. 

Teviot,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  Rox- 
burgh.—  Teviotdale  is  a  name  applied  to 
most  part  of  Roxburghshire. 

Tewkesbury,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
&  10  m.  N.N.E.  Gloucester. 

Tewksbury,   t.,   Hunterdon  co.  JCT.-J. 

P.  1,944. it.  t.,  Middlesex  co.  Mass. 

P.  906. 

Texas,  a  S.W.  state  of  the  Union,  be- 
tween lat.  26°  &  38°  N.,  &  Ion.  93°  &  107° 
W.,  having  E.  the  states  Louisiana  &  Ar- 
Icansas  ;  N.the  Ozark  &  Osage  territo- 
ries, from  which  it  is  separated  by  the 
Natchitoches  &  Arkansas  rivers  ;  W.  & 
S.W.  New  Mexico  &  the  Mexican  deps. 
Chihuahua,  Coahuila,  Nuevo  Leon,  & 
Tamaulipas,  from  all  which  it  is  separa- 
ted by  the  Rio  Bravo  del  Norte  ;  &  S.E. 
the  gulf  of  Mexico.  Area,  225,000  sq. 
m.  P.  (1850),  212,592,  of  whom  53,346 
are  slaves.  Its  N.W.  regions  are  little 
explored,  being  inhabited  only  by  roving 
Indians  ;  elsewhere  it  possesses  consider- 
able natural  advantages.  Near  the  coast, 
for  a  variable  distance  inland,  is  a  rich 
plain,  whence  the  surface  progressively 
rises  into  the  mountain  plateau  of  New 
Mexico.  Principal  rivers  the  Sabine, 
Nueces,  Trinidad,  Brazos-de-Dios,  Colo- 
rado, Guadalupe,  San  Antonia,  &  Nueces, 
all  of  which  enter  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  or 
lagoons  along  its  coast.  Cotton  is  the 
great  staple ;  other  products  comprise 
maize,  wheat,  hemp,  cofiee  &  rice  on  the 
coast,  indigo,  tobacco,  sugar,  &  the  fruits 
common  in  S.  Europe.  Grapes  come  to 
perfection,  &  some  pretty  good  wine  is 
made.  Oak,  ash,  elm,  hickory,  acacia, 
walnut,  sycamore,  &  other  timber  is 
abundant,  especially  on  the  river  banks  ; 
&  in  the  S.W.,  the  mntnous.  parts  are 
covered  with  pine  forests.     Vanilla,  sart 


saparilla,  &  a  great  variety  of  medicinal 
&  dyeing  plants  grow  wild.  A  large  pro- 
portion of  the  surface  consists  of  rolling 
prairies.  Mineral  products  comprise 
coal,  iron,  salt,  nitre,  limestone,  &  gran- 
ite. State  debt,  $11,055,694  73.  Con- 
gress has  granted  $10,000,000  as  an  in- 
demnity for  lands  ceded,  which  amount 
is  available  to  pay  this  debt.  There  is 
a  railway  of  72  miles  in  course  of  con- 
struction. Principal  towns  Austin  & 
Houston,  which  have  been  alternately 
the  caps.,  Galveston  (the  principal  port,) 
&  Bexar.  New  Orleans  is  a  depot  for 
a  large  portion  of  the  trade  of  Texas. 
This  state  is  divided  into  80  cos.,  &  has  2 
representatives  in  Cong.  Texas  became 
a  member  of  the  American  Union  by  an- 
nexation,  in  1845. II.  CO.  Mo.      P. 

2,312. III.  town,  Wayne  co.  Pa.    P. 

1,094. 

Texel,  an  isl.  in  the  N.  sea,  belonging 
to  the  Netherlands  &  separated  from  the 
mainland  by  Mars-diep,  2J  miles  across. 
L.  13  m.,  gr.  br.  6  m.     P.  4,924. 

Texu'Pla,  a  town  of  Cent.  America, 
state  &  165  m.  N.AV.  Guatemala. 

Teza,  a  town  of  Morocco,  kingdom  & 
65  miles  E.  Fez.    P.  11,000. 

Tezcuco,  a  town  of  Mexican  confed., 
20  m.  E.N.E.  Mexico.     P.  5,000. 

Tezcuco  (Lake  of),  the  largest  body 
of  water  in  the  valley  of  Mexico.  L.  40 
m.,  br.  10  miles. 

Thame,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  &  12  m.  E.S.E.  Oxford.     P.  3,060. 

Thames,  the  principal  though  not  the 
longest  river  of  England,  through  the  S. 
part  of  which  it  flows  mostly  in  an  E. 
direction.  It  rises  under  the  name  of  the 
Isis,  flows  at  first  S.  then  E.N.E.  to  near 
Oxford,  &  S.E.  to  Reading,  after  which  its 
course  is  mostly  E.  to  Gravesend.  A  few 
miles  beyond  this  it  expands  into  an  es- 
tuary which,  at  its  junction  with  the  N. 
sea,  at  the  Nore,  between  the  Isle  of 
Sheppey  &  Foulness  Point,  is  15  miles 
across.  Total  course  estimated  at  215 
miles.  The  tide  flows  up  it  for  about  80 
miles ;  it  is  navigable  for  ships  of  any 
burden  to  Deptford,  for  vessels  of  200 
tons  to  London  bridge,  &  for  barges  130 

miles  further. II.  a  river  of  Upper 

Canada,  flows  through  a  fertile  country 
into  the  peninsula  betw.  lakes  Huron  & 
Brie,  &  after  a  S.W.  course  of  160  miles, 

enters  Lake  St.  Clair. III.  a  river  of 

the  U.  S.,  N.  Amer.,  Connecticut,  formed 
by  the  confli  of  the  Shetucket  &  Santic  at 
Norwich  city,  flows  S.,  &  enters  Long 
Island  sound  at  New  London,  after  a 
course  of  14  m. IV.  (or  Wai-ho),  a 


the] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


161 


river  of  New  Zealand,  N.  island,  after  a 
N.-W!ird  course  joins  the  sea  by  an  estu- 
arj',  30  m.  in  breadth. 

Thanasur,  a  t.,  N.W.  of  Hindostan. 

Thanet  (Isle  of),  the  N.E.  extremity 
of  the  CO.  Kent,  England,  surrounded  N. 
&  E.  by  the  sea,  S.  &  W.  by  the  river 
Stour  &  its  branch  the  Nethergong.  L. 
10  m.,  br.  5  m.  P.  31,798.  Thanet  was 
the  first  possession  of  the  Saxons  in 
Britain. 

Thann,  a  comm  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Khin,  on  the  Thur,  22  m.  S.S.W. 
Colmar.     P.  5,815. 

Thahthar,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
after  a  S.  course  parallel  to  the  Tigris,  is 
lost  in  a  salt  lake. 

Thasos,  an  island  in  the  .^gean  sea, 
belonging  to  European  Turkey,  30  niiles 
N.N.E.  Mount  Athos.  Area,  85  sq.  m. 
P.  6,000. 

Thau  (Etang  de),  a  lagoon  of  S. 
France,  dep.  Herault.  L.  13  m.,  av.  br. 
3  miles. 

Thaumaco,  a  small  town  of  European 
Turkey,  Thessaly. 

Thaxted,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Essex.    P.  2,527. 

Thaya,  a  river  of  Lower  Austria  & 
Moravia,  after  an  E.  course  of  130  miles, 
joins  the  March,  39  m.  N.E.  Vienna. 

Thebes,  a  famous  city  in  antiquity, 
long  the  cap.  of  Egj'pt,  the  stupendous 
remains  oL  which,  in  Upper  Egypt,  ex- 
tend for  7  miles  along  both  banks  of  the 
Nile,  about  lat.  25°  41'  N.,  Ion.  32°  38' 
E.,  &  present  in  every  respect  the  iinest 
collection  of  ancient  monuments  existing 
in  the  world.  Among  its  numerous  tem- 
ples, the  most  remarkable  are  those  of 
Karnak  &  Luxor,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
river  ;  the  former,  the  temple  of  Jupiter- 
Ammon,  occupying  an  area  of  9  acres,  & 
in  many  parts  comparatively  perfect. 
Its  importance  was  iinallj'  destroyed  on 
its  capture,  after  a  three  years'  siege,  by 
Ptolemy  Lathyrus,  in  the  3d  century  b.c. 

Thebes,  a  town  of  Greece,  gov.  Boeo- 
tia,  26  miles  E.S.E.  Lebadea.  P.  9,000. 
Thebes  was  founded  by  Cadmus  about 
B.C.  1549. 

Thebo,  a  town  ef  Burmah,  Further 
India. 

Thedinghausen,  a  town  of  Brunswick. 
P.  1,917.  •  .     r        . 

Thegonnec  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Finist^re.    P.  3,926. 

Theiss,  a  river  of  Hungary,  all  the  E. 
part  of  which,  &  most  of  Transylvania,  is 
drained  by  it  &  its  tributaries,  rises  in 
the  Carpathian  mountains.  Its  course  is 
then  W.  to  Tokay,  whence  it  -has  a  S. 


course  to  the  Danube,  which  it  joins  on  1. 
between  the  Banat  &  Slavonia,  22  m.  E. 
Peterwardein.  Total  length  500  m.,  for 
the  greater  part  of  which  it  is  navigable. 

Themar,  a  town  of  Central  Germany, 
on  the  Werra,  ID  miles  S.E.  Meiningen. 
P.  1,500. 

Themsche,  a  mkt.  town  of  Belgium, 
on  the  Scheldt,  9  m.  N.E.  Dendermonde. 
P.  6,150. 

Thenezay,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Deux-S^vres.     P.  2,116. 

Thenon,  a  comm.  &  market  towu  of 
France,  dep.  Dordogne.     P.  1,509. 

Theobald,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co. 
Hertford. 

Theodore  (St.),  an  islet  in  the  Medi- 
terranean, off  the  N.  coast  of  Crete. 

Theoduria,  a  small  town  of  European 
Turkey,  Epirus,  pash.  &  28  miles  SS.E. 
Yanina. 

Therapia,  a  vill.  of  European  Turkey, 
Rumili,  on  the  W.  shore  of  the  Bospo- 
rus. 

Theresienstadt,    two   towns   of  the 

Austrian  empire. 1:   Bohemia,   2  m. 

S.E.   Leitmeritz.     P.    1,323. II.  S.E. 

Hungary,  co.  Bacs,  25  m.  S.W.  Szegedin. 
P.  40,000. —  Theresiopolis  is  a  town,  co. 
&  18  m.  N.  Temeswar.     P'.  3,891. 

Thermia,  an  island  of  the  Grecian  ar- 
chipelago, Cyclades.  Area,  48  sq.  miles. 
P.  6,000. 

Thermignon,  a  market  town  of  Savoy. 
P.  1,254. 

Thermopylje,  a  famous  pass  in  Greece, 
Hellas,  gov.  Phthiotis.  between  Mount 
iEta  &  the  gulf  of  Zeitoun,  9  m.  S.S.W. 
Lamia.  It  is  about  5  miles  in  length, 
chiefly  occupied  by  a  deep  morass, through 
which  is  carried  a  narrow-paved  cause- 
way. Here,  b.c.  489,  Leonidas,  with  his 
300  Spartans,  fell  in  opposing  the  in- 
vading Persian  army ;  k  a  mound,  with 
the  remains  of  a  monument,  exists  on  the 
S.  bank  of  the  river  Sperchius. 

Therondels  &  Thehouanne,  two 

comms.  &   vills.    of  France. 1,   dep. 

Aveyron.     P.  1,634. II.  a  town,  dep. 

Pas-de-Calais.     P.  935. 

Thessaly,  one  of  the  S.  provs.  of  Eu- 
ropean Turkey,  having  S.  Greece  (Hel- 
las), W.  the  chain  of  Pindus,  N.  Macedo- 
nia, &  E.  the  gulfs  of  Salonica  &  Volo. 
Principal  towns,  Larissa,  Trikhala,  Volo, 
&  Ambelakia. 

Thetford,  a  town  of  England,  cos. 
Norfolk  &   Suffolk,   on  the  Little  Ouse. 

P.  19,038. II.  a  township.  Orange  co. 

Vermont,  38  m.  S.S.E.  Montpelier.  P. 
2,016. 

Theux,  a  town  of  Belgium.     P.  3,000. 


Y68 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[tho 


Theys,  a  eomm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Isere.     P.  2,395. 

Thian-Shan,  a  lofty  mouatain  chaia 
of  Chinese  Turkestan. 

Thiaucourt,  a  comm.  &  t.  of  France, 
dep.  Meurtbe,  8  m.  N.W.  Pont-a-Mous- 
sou.     P.  1,663. 

Thiberville^  a  coram.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Eure.     P.  1,334. 

Thibodeauxville,  p-v.,  capital  La 
Fourche  pa.  La. 

Thiel,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Gelderland,  on  the  Waal.    P.  5,166. 

Thiele,  a  river  of-  Switzerland,  joins 
the  Aar.     L.  65  m. 

'Thielt,  a  town  of  Belgium,  15  inilos 
S.E.  Bruges.     P.  12,634. 

Thierache,  an  old  subdivision  of 
France,  Picardy,  of  which  Guise  was  the 
capital. 

Thiers,  a  comm.  &  manuf.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Puy-de-Dume.     P.  8,737. 

Thiezac,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Cantal.     P.  2,016. 

Thionville,  a  fortified  town  of  France, 
dep.  Moselle.     P.  4,026. 

Thirlamere,  a  lake  of  England,  co. 
Cumberland. 

Thirsk,  a  town  of  England,  co.  York, 
N.  Riding.     P.  12,760. 

Thisted,  a  seaport  town  of  Denmark, 
Jutland.     P.  2,200. 

Thistle  Island,  S.  Australia,  is  at 
the  entrance  of  Spencer  gulf.  L.  12  m., 
br.  2  m. 

Thiviers,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Dordogne.     P.  1,400. 

Tnizy,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Rhone.     P.  1,420. 

Thoissev,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ain,  cap.  cant.,  on  tho  Chalaronne. 
P.  1,563. 

Tholen,  a  fortified  town  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, prov.  Zeeland,  on  the  isl.  Tho- 
len.     P.  2,394. 

Thomar,  a  town  of  Portugal,  16  miles 
N.W.  Abrantes,  on  the  Nabao.     P.  3,800. 

Thomas  (St.),  a  Danish  W.  India  isl.. 
Virgin  group,  3  m.  W.  the  isl.  St.  John, 
&  10  m.  W.S.W.  Tortola.  Lat.  of  W.  ex- 
tremity 18°  20'  N.,  Ion.  64°  55'  W.  Area 
43  sq.  m.  P.  12,800,  of  whom  4,300  are 
slaves.  Principal  products  are  sugar  & 
cotton. —  SL  Thomas,  or  Charlotte  Ama- 
lie,  is  a  free  port,  &  a  principal  entrepot 
of  \V.  India  prpduce.  It  is  visited  an- 
nually by  3,000  European  ships. II. 

(St.),  an  is)rfbi  the  gulf  of  Guinea,  belong- 
ing to  the  Portuguese.  Area,  145  sq.  m. 
— Saint  Thomas  is  the  capitiil  town,  on 

the  N.E.  coast.    P.  4,476. III.  a  town 

of  British  India,  presid.  &  3  m.  S.  Ma- 


dras.  IV.  a  S.W.  CO.  Ga.    Area,  1,089 

sq.  m.  Cap.  Thomasville.  P.  10,103.— — 
V.  (iSf.),  several  comms.&vills.  of  Franpe. 

-VI.  {St.),  a  vill.  of  Upper  Canada, 

17  ui.  S.  London. YII.  a  vill.  of  Low- 
er Califorui:!,  90  m.  S.S.E.  San  Diego. 

Thomaston,  t.,  Lincoln  eo.  Me.  P. 
6,227.  Here  is  Maine  state  prison,  the 
inmates  of  which  cut  granite  for  exporta- 
tion ;  &  it  also  exports  300,000  casks  of 

lime   annually. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Upson 

CO.  Ga. 

Thomastown,  a  town,  Ireland,  Lein- 
ster,  CO.  &  8f  m.  S.SE.  Kilkenny,  on  the 
Nore.     P.  2,348. 

Thompson,  t.,  Windham  co.  Conn.     P. 

4,638. II.   t.,  Sullivan  co.  N.Y.      P. 

3,198. IILt.,  Geauga  eo.  0.    P.  1,028. 

IV.  t.,  Seneca  co.  0.     P.  1,414. 

Thompsonville,  p-v.,  Hartford  co. 
Conn.     Manufs.  of  carpets.     P.  900. 

Thonon,  a  town  of  Savoy,  20  m.  N.E. 
Geneva.     P.  of  comm.  4,428. 

Thor  (Le),  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Vaucluse.     P.  2,027. 

Thorda,  or  Thorenburg,  a  market 
town  of  Transylvania,  cap.  co.    P.  8,112. 

Thorens,  a  mkt.  town  of  Savoj',  9  m. 
N.E.  Annecy.     P.  2,447. 

Thorn,  a  strongly  fortified  town  of  W. 
Prussia,  52  miles  S.S.W.  Marienv/erder. 
P.  9,450. II.  t.,  Perry  co.  0.  P.  2,007. 

Thornbury,  a  market  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Gloucester.     P.  4,'706. 

Thorncojmbe,  a  small  market  town 
of  England,  co.  Devon.     P.  1,425. 

Thorne,.  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  York,  W.  Riding.     P.  15,884. 

Thornev,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Cambridge,  10  miles  W.N.W.  March. 
P.  2,159. 

Thornley,  a  t.  of  England,  co.  Dur- 
ham.    P.  2,730. 

Thorn liebank,  a  vill.  of  Scotland,  co. 
Renfrew.     P.  1,620. 

Thornton,  t.,  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  P. 
1,045. 

Thorold,  an  incor.  vill.  of  U.  Canada. 
P.  1,091. 

Thokshavn,  the  cap.  town  of  the 
Faroe  isls.,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the  island 
Stromoc.     P.  720. 

Thouarce,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Maine-et-Ldire.   P.  1,630. 

Thouars,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Deux-Sevres,  on  the  Thoue,  22  m. 
N.N.E.  Parthenay.  P.  2, 227.-- Thouar- 
sais  is  a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Vendee.  P. 
1,312. 

Thourout,  a  town  of  Belgium.  P. 
8,405. 

Thousand  Isles,  the  most  numerous 


tie] 


UXIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


769 


collection  of  river  islands  in  the  world, 
between  the  United  States  &  Upper  Can- 
ada, consist  of  about  1,500  rocky  islets, 
in  an  expansion  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at 
its  emergence  from  Lake  Ontario — hence 
called  the  Lake  of  the  Thousand  Isles. 
Thrapston,  n,  market  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  &  18^  m.  N.N.B.  Northampton.  P. 
1,131.' 

Three  Brothers,  a  group  of  moun- 
tains of  E.  Australia.    . 

Three  Kings,  a  group  of  islets  in  the 
Piieific  odeau. 

Three  Rivers,  a  town  of  Lower  Can- 
ada, in  which  it  ranks  after  Quebec  & 
Montreal,  between  those  cities,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence.  P. 
5,000. 

Thringstone,  a  township,  of  Engl., 
CO.  Leicester.     P.  1,232. 

Throg's  Point,  projects  into  E.  river, 
16  m.  E.  New  York. 

Thueyts,  a  eomm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ardech«.     P.  2,141. 

Thuin,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov.  Hai- 
nault,  on  the  Sambre,  9  m.  S.W.  Charle- 
roi.     P.  4,123.      ' 

Thuir,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  8 
m.  S.W.  Perpignan.     P.  2,310. 

Thulain,  a  vill.  of  Belgium.    P.  1,600. 
Thum,  a  town  of  Siixony,  20  ni.  S.E. 
Zwickau.     P.  2,095. 

Thun,  3  town  of  Switzerland,  ea,nt.  & 
16  mile.s  S.S.B.  Bern,  on  the  Aar.  P. 
5,000.— The  lakeof  Thun  is  10  m.  in 
lenffth,  average  breadth  2  miles. 

Thunder  Bay,  an  inlet  of  Lake  Hu- 
ron, on  its  W.  side. ^Thunder  moun- 
tain, on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Superior, 
is  a  "black  rock,"  1,200  ft.  above  the 
lake. 

Thur,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  after  a 
N.  &  W.  course  of  70  miles,  joins  the 
Rhine. 

Thure  &  Thuhet,  two  comms.  &  vills. 

of  France. 1,  dep.  Vienne.     P.  1,653. 

II.  dep.    Puy-de-Dome,   9  m.  N.E. 

Riom.     P.  2,100. 

Thurgau,  a  canton  of  Switzerland,  in 
its  N.E.  part.  Area,  270  sq.  m.  P.  84,- 
124,  of  whom  4-5ths  were  Protestants. 

Thurgoland,  a  township  of  England, 
CO.  York,  W.  Riding.     P.  1,333. 

Thuhia,  an  ancient  city  of  Greece, 
Morea. 

Thuringian  Forest,  a  mntn.  range 
of  Central  Germany. 

Thurles,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  co.  &  21  m.  N.E.  Tipperary.  P. 
7,523. 

Thurlstone,  a  township  of  Engl.,  co. 
York,  \V.  Riding.    P.  1,872. 

S3 


I      Thurji,  a  vill.  of  Saxony,  circ.  Zwickau. 
P.  1,118. 

Thurmaston,  a  tnshp.  of  England,  co. 
&  3i  m.  N.N.E.  Leicester.     P.  1,229. 

Thurnau,  a  market  town  of  Bavaria. 
P.  1,425. 

Thurr,  or  Indian  Desert,  a  region 
occupying  the  W.  part  of  Ilindostan. 

Thurso,  a  seaport  town  on  the  N. 
coast  of  Scotland,  co.  Caithness,  on  Thur- 
so hajf. 

Thurstonland,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co. 
York,  W.  Riding.     P.  1,286. 

Thubzofalva,  a  vill.  of  Hungary,  with 
mineral  baths,  co.-  Trentschin.    P.  6,569. 
Thyatira,  an  anc.  city  of  Asia-Minor, 
seat  of  one  of  the  "  seven  churches." 

TiAGUANuco,  a  decayed  town  of  Peru, 
dep.  Cu2rco. 

TiAGUR,  a  fortiiied  town  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Madras. 

TiBAGi,  a  riv.  of  Brazil,  joins  the  Pa- 
rapanema,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  200 
miles. 

TiBEOo  Country,  a  region  of  Central 
Africa. 
_  Tiber,  a  celebrated  riv.  of  Cent.  Italy, 
rises  in  the  Tuscan  Apennines,  &  flows 
S.S.E.  to  within  20  miles  of  Rome,  where 
it  turns  S.W.,  &  after  a  course  of  185  m. 
enters  the  Mediterranean,  17  m.  below 
Rome,  by  two  mouths,  which  enclose  a 
small  delta,  the  ancient  Isola  Sacra.  It 
is  navigable  at  certain  seasons  as  far  as 
the  confluence  of  the  Nera,  30  miles  N. 
Rome.  ' 

Tibesty,  a  subdivision  of  the  Tibboo 
country.  Central  Africa. 

Tibet,  an  extensive  region  of  Central 
Asia,  included  in  the  Chinese  empire, 
stretching  from  Ion.  78°  to  104°  E.,  & 
from  the  great  chain  of  the  Himi-'laya  to 
an  unascertained  distance  northward. 
P.  supposed  to  exceed  one  million.  The 
AV.  pa,rt,  which  alone  fias  been  explored 
by  Europeans,  is  a  lofty  table-land,  with 
a  very  dry  climate.  Tibet  is  the  head- 
quarters of  Buddhism,  which  here  exists 
in  greatest  purity.  The  country  abounds 
with  temples,  &  it  is  stated  that  84,000 
lamas,  or  priests,  are  supported  at  the 
expense  of  the  government.  Amongst 
the  inhabitants  there  are  believed  to  be 
about  8,000  Roman  Catholics.  The  Chi- 
nese armed  force  consists  of  60,000  men, 
of  whom  50,000  are  infantry.  Besides 
Lassa  &  Teshoo-Lombo,  the  chief  towns 
are  Shigatze,  Jiga-Gounggar,  Natan. 

TiBi,  a  town  cf  Spain,  16  m.  N.AV.  Ali- 
cante.    P.  1,577. 

TiBURON,  an  island  in  the  gulf  of  Cali- 
fornia.   L.  30  m.,  gr.  br.  20  mileg. II; 


*mt* 


110 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[til 


a  marit.  town  of  Hayti,  at  its  S.W.  ex- 
tremity, 38  miles  W.N.W.  Cayes. —  Cape 
Tihuron  is  a  headland. 

TiccARY,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bengal. 

TicHFiELD  (with  Ckofton),  a  market 
town  of  England,  co.  Hants.     P.  4,030. 

TioiNETTO,  a  market  town  of  Pied- 
mont.    P.  of  comra.  1,117. 

TiciNO,  the  most  S.  canton  of  Switzer- 
land, on  the  Italian  side  of  the  Alps. 
Area,  1,037  sq.m.  P.  113,923,  all  Ro- 
man Cathol's,  &  mostly  speaking  Italian. 

TiciNO,  a  river  of  Switzerland  &  Pied- 
mont, &  joins  the  Po.  Total  course,  125 
miles. 

TicoNDEROGA,  a  tnshp.,  Essex  co.  New 
York,  on  Lake  Champlain,  87  m.  N.  Al- 
bany. P.  2,669.  Near  the  vill.  are  the 
ruins  of  Fort  Ticonderoga,  celeb,  in  the 
revolutionary  wars. 

TicuL,  a  town  of  Yucatan,  44  m.  S. 
Merida.    ■ 

TiDESwELL,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  &  29  m.  N.N.W.  Derby.     P.  3,043. 

TiDOR,  an  isl.  of  the  Asiatic  archip., 
belonging  to  the  Dutch,  W.  the  island" 
Gilolo.     Circum.,  18  m. 

TiEFHARTMANNsDORF,  a  manufactur- 
ing vill.  of  Prussian  Silesia.     P.  1,350. 

TiEGENiiOF,  a  market  town  of  W. 
Prussia,  on  the  Tiege.     P.  2,070. 

TiEMBLO  (El),  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the 
Alberche  river.     P.  1,373. 

Tien,  a  prefixed  name  of  many  towns 
of  China,  mostly  in  the  S.  provs. 

TiENE,  a  mkt.  town  of  Austrian  Italy. 
P.  of  dist.  8,800. 

TiEN-TSiN,  a  large  commercial  city  of 
China. 

TiERMAs,  a  town  of  Spain,  65  m.  N. 
Zaragoza. 

TiERRA  Austral  del  Espiritu-San- 
TO,  an  island.  Pacific  ocean. 

TiERRA-BoMBA,  an  island,  in  the  Ca- 
ribbean sea,  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Co- 
lombia, protects  the  harbor  of  Cartha- 
gena. 

TiERRA  DEL  FcEGO  (" the  land  of 
fire"),  the  most  S.  region  of  S.America, 
consisting  of  three  large  islands, — King 
Charles's,  South-land,  Clarence  island, 
&  the  Land  of  Desolation,  separated  from 
S.  Patagonia  by  the  strait  of  Magellan, 
• — &  Hoste,  Navarin,  Dawson,  &  nume- 
rous smaller  islands,  the  whole  between 
lat.  52°  &  56°  S.,  &  Ion.  65°  &  75°  W. 
Its  E.  part  is  level,  &  in  some  places 
pretty  well  wooded  ;  its  W.  is  rugged,  & 
some-peaks  rise  to  4,000  feet  in  height, 
comprising  several  volcanoes  (whence 
•the  name).    Biroh  &  evergreens  are  the 


chief  trees.  The  iuhaba.,  who  live  by 
fishing  &  hunting,  are  among  the  lowest 
in  the  scale  of  human  beings. 

TiEsi,  a  vill.  of  the  isl.  Sardinia,  16  m. 
S.S.E.  Sassari.     P.  2,737. 

TiETE,  a  river  of  Brazil,  after  a  W. 
course  of  500  m.,  joins  the  Parana. 

TiETZ,  a  town  of  W.  Prussia.  P. 
1,000. 

TiFESH,  a  town  of  Algeria,  70  m.  E. 
Constantine. 

Tiffin,  t.,  Adams  co.  Ohio.    P.  1,540. 

II.  a  vill.,  Ohio,  on  the  Sandusky, 

82  m.N.  Columbus. 

Tiffins,  river,  Mich.,  enters  the  Ohio. 
Boatable  50  miles. 

Tiger  Island,  an  inlet  in  the  Canton 
river,  China. 

TiGiL,  a  fortified  town  of  Kamtchatka. 

Tigliolb,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.  Italy, 
Piedmont.     P.  of  comm.  2,469. 

TiGRB,  one  of  the  three  principal  states 
of  Abyssinia.  Princip.  towns  Antalo,  Ax- 
um.  Sire,  Adowah,  &  Dixam.  The  chief 
outlet  for  its  produce  is  Arkiko,  on  the 

Red  sea. II.  a  river  of  S.  America, 

Ecuador,  joins  the  Amazon,  after  a  S.E. 
course  of  350  m. 

Tigris,  a  riv.  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  rises 
near  Argan-Maden,  flows  S.E.,  &  at  Kor- 
na  joins  the  Euphrates  to  form  the  Shat- 
ul-Arab.  Total  course  estimated  at  1,150 
m. ;  its  distance  from  the  Euphrates  va- 
ries from  18  to  95  m.,  the  region  between 
them  being  the  anc.  Mesopotamia. 

TiJARAFE,  a  town  on  the  N.  costst  of 
the  isl.  Palmas  (Canaries).     P.  2,216. 

TiJOLA,  a  market  town  of  Spain,  27  m. 
N.  Almeria.     P.  4,920. 

TIka-n-Teppeh,  a  vill.  of  N.  Persia. 

TiEHVESH,  a  town,  European  Turkey, 
Macedonia. 

TiKHViN,  a  town  of  Russia,  103  miles 
N.E.  Novgorod.  P.  3,600.— The  canal 
of  Tlkhvin,  105  m.  in  length. 

TiKU,  a  town  on  S.W.  coast  of  Su- 
matra. 

Til-A'far,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
pash.  &  35  m.  W.  Mosul. 

Tilanavi,  or  Lisca-Nera,  one  of  the 
Lipari  islands. 

TiLBUBG,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  N.  Brabant.     P.  13,348. 

Tildesley-cum-Shakerly,  a  tnshp. 
of  Engl.,  CO.  Lancashire.     P.  4,718. 

Till,  a  river  of  Engl.,  co.  Northum- 
berland, rises  S.  the  Cheviot  hills,  flows 
N.,  joins  the  Tweed.     L.  30  m. 

Tillanchong,  one  of  the  Nicobar 
islands. 

Tilli]&res,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Eure.     P.  1,304. II.  a 


tip] 


i/niversal  gazetteer. 


771 


comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Maine-et- Loire,  9  m. 
S.AV.  Beaupreau.     P.  1,457. 

Tilly,  several  comins.  &  vills.  of 
France,  the  principal,  T.  sur  Seniles, 
dep.  Calvados.     P.  1,174. 

Tilsit,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  cap.  circ, 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Niemen.     P.  13,800. 

Tim,   a  town  of  Russia,    on  the  Tim. 

P.  2,000. II.  a  river  of  Siberia,  joins 

the  Obe.     Course  W.-ward,  250  m. 

TiMANA,  a  town  of  S.  America,  New 
Granada. 

TiMBALiER,  bay.  La.     L.  30  m. 

TiMBO,  a  town  of  W.  Africa,  Sene- 
gambia. 

TiMBucTOO,  a  town  of  Ceiitral  Africa, 
Soudan,  near  the  border  of  the  desert 
Sahara,  8  m.  N.  the  Joliba  (Niger),  lat. 
17°  10'  N.,  Ion.  2°  W._(7)  P.  12,000.(7)  It 
is  a  very  poor  town,  in  a  wretched  coun- 
try, situated  amid  burning  &  moving 
sands,  on  the  verge  of  a  morass.  The 
walled  enclosure,  about  3  m.  in  circum- 
ference. 

TiMERYCOTTA,  a  town  of  British  India. 

TiMOK,  a  river  of  European  Turkey, 
forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  Bul- 
garia &  Servia,  &  joins  the  Danube,  after 

a  N.E.  course  of  100  m.^ II.  a  town  of 

Servia. 

Timor,  an  isl.  in  the  Malay  archipela- 
go, between  lat.  8°  &  10°  20'  S.,  &  Ion. 
123°  30'  &  127°  E.,  separated  from  N.W. 
Australia  by  the  Timor  sea.  L.  300  m.. 
br.  40  to  70  m.  Estim.  area,  8,800  sq'. 
m.  It  appears  to  be  very  populous  ;  in 
the  interior  the  inhabitants  are  mostly 
of  the  Papuan  negro  race ;  on  the  coast, 
Malays,  with  an  intermixture  of  Dutch  & 
Portuguese  settlers.  The  Dutch  possess 
the  settlement  of  Coepang  in  the  S.W., 
which  is  a  free  port.  Dilli,  on  the  N.W. 
coast,  is  a  settlement  belonging  to  the 
Portuguese. 

Timor-Laut,  an  island  of  the  Malay 
archipelago,  260  m.  E.  Timor.     L.  90  ra. 

TinchebrXi,  a  comm.  &  t.  of  France, 
dep.  Orne.  cap.  cant.,  13  m.  N.N.W.  Dom- 
front.     P.' 1,916. 

Tindale-ward,  the  largest  of  the  six 
wards  of  the  co.  Northumberland,  Engl., 
in  the  W.  of  the  co.     P.  44,233. 

TiNDAiio  (Cape),  a  headland  off  the 
N.  coast  of  Sicily,  in  the  gulf  of  Patti. 

TiNDFiELD,  a  mountain  range  of  Nor- 
way. 

TiNG-HAE,  the  cap.  city  of  the  island 
Chusan,  off  the  E.  coast  of  China,  prov. 
Che-kiang,  near  the  S.  coast  of  the  isl., 
70  m.  E.N.E.  Ning-po. 

TiNiAN,  Pacific  ocean,  one  of  the  Ma- 
rianne islands. 


TiNicuM,  a  township.  Pa.,  37  m.  N. 
Philadelphia.     P.  1,770. 

TiNiscHT,  a  town  of  Bohemia.  P. 
1,688. 

Tinnevel'ly,  a  maritime  dist.  of  Brit. 
India,  presid.   Madras.     Area,  5,590  sq. 

m.      P.  850,891. II.   a  town  in  this 

dist.,  immediately  N.AV.  Palamcottah. 

Tings,  an  island  of  the  Grecian  ar- 
chipelago, 10  m.  N.E.  Syra,  &  forming, 
with  Andros  &  some  islets,  a  gov.  of  the 
Cyclades.  Area,  87  sq.  m.  P.  15,800. 
Principal  towns,  St.  Nieolo,  Panortuos,  & 
Oxomeria. 

TiNTA,  a  small  town  of  S.  Peru,  dep. 
&  60  m.  S.E.  Cuzco. 

TiNTENiAc,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ille-et-Vilaine.     P.  2,000. 

TiNTERN  Abbey,  a  celebrated  ruin  in 
England,  co.  Monmouth. 

TiNTO,  "the  Hill  qfjire,"  a  mountain 
of  Scotland,  co.  Lanark. 

Ticern,  an  island  of  Sweden,  20  miles 
N.W.  Gothenburg,  in  the  Kattegat.  L. 
&  br.  10  m.  each. 

Tioga,  a  river  of  Penn.  &  New  York, 
flows  N.  &  E.  &  joins  the  Susqueha,nna. 
Total  course  90  m.,  for  the  last  45  m.  of 
which  it  is  navig.    ■ 

Tioga,  a  co..  New  York,  in  its  S.  part, 
on  the  Susquehanna  ;  cap.  Owego.  Area, 

490  sq,  m.     P.  24,880. ^^11.  a  township 

in  this  CO.,  on  the  river  Tioga.     P.  2,464. 

III.  a  CO.  Penn.,   in  its  N.  part,  on 

the  Tioga  &  Susquehanna  rivers.  Area, 
1,200  sq.  m.     Cap.  Wellsburg.     P.  23,- 

937. -IV.  river,   Pa.,  unites  with  the 

Coshocton. 

Tiokalinsk,  a* town  of  Siberia,  80  m. 
N.W.  Omsk: 

Tiotoe,  an  island  of  Norway,  in  tho 
Atlantic. 

TiPERAH,  a  dist.  of  British  India,  pre- 
sid. Bengal.  Area,  6,830  sq.  miles.  P. 
1,372,260. 

TiPiTAPA,  a  river  of  Central  America, 
state  Nicaragua.  L.  16  to  20  m.,  for  the 
latter  12  of  which  it  is  from  3  to  18  feet 
deep,  &  navig. 

Tippah,  a  co.  in  N.E.  of  Mississippi. 
Area,  1,000  sq.m.     P.  20,741. 

Tippecanoe,  r.,  la.,  enters  the  Wa- 
bash.  II.  N.W.  CO.  la.     Area,  504  sq. 

m.      Cap.   La   Fayette.     P.   19,377. 

III.  t.,  above  CO.     P.  1,374. 

TippEEARY,  an  inland  co.  of  Ireland, 
Munster.  Area,  1,659  sq.  m.  P.  435,553.— 
Tipperary,  the  cap.  town,  is  on  the  Arra, 
an  affluent  of  the  Suir.  P.  7,370.  It  is 
beautifully  situated  in,  an  undulating  & 
fertile  tract,  &  is  well  built  &  thriving. 

Tipton,  a  W.  co.  Tenn.    Area.  415  sq. 


7^2 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[to  A 


m.     Cap.  Covington.     P.   8,887. II. 

CO.  la.     P.  3,532. III.  p-v.,  cap.  Ce- 
dar CO.  Iowa. 

TiRA,  or  Shah-Jehanpoor,  a  town  of 
the  Punjab,  British  India,  on  the  Beas, 
75  ra.  N.isr.E.  Loodianah.   P.  about  5,000. 

.  TiRAJANA,  a  town  of  the  Canary  Isls., 
on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  Gran  Cana- 
ria.     P.  3,656. 

TiRAN,  a  small  island  in  the  Red  sea, 
off  the  Arabian  coast,  at  the  entrance  of 
the  gulf  of  Akabah. 

Tirana,  a  town  of  Europ.  Turkey,  Al- 
bania, on  the  Jacon.     P.  10,000. 

Tiraspol,  a  fortified  town  of  Russia, 
gov.  Kherson,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Dniester,  53 
m.  N.W.  Odessa.     P.  5,100. 

TiREE,  one  of  the  Inner  Hebrides, 
Scotland,  co.  Argyle.  L.  12  m.,  br.  va- 
ries to  6  m.     P.  4,391. 

TiREHBOLi,  a  marit.  town  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  50  miles  W.  Trebizond,  on  the 
Black  sea,  about  3  m.  W.  the  mouth  of 
the  Kharshoot.  —  The  Tirehboli-su,  a 
deep  &  rapid  river  which  passes  W.N.W.- 
ward  by  Grumish-khaneh. 

TiRsosHYL,  a  town  of  Wallaehia,  on 
the  Chyl. —  Tirgu-formds  is  a  small  town 
of  Moldavia,  30  m.  N.W.  Jassy. 

TiRHEE,  arajahship  of  India,  Bundel- 
cund.     Area,  2,160  sq.  m.     P.  192,000. 

TiEHOOT,  a  dist.  of  Brit.  India,  presid. 
Bengal.  Estim.  area,  10,236  sq.  m.  P. 
1,660,000. 

TiRLEMONT,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov. 
S.  Brabant.     P.  8,975. 

TiRMEz,  or  TuRMuz,  a  town  of  Cent. 
Asia,  Bokhara,  on  the  Oxus. 

Tirnova,  a  town  of  Europ.  Turkey, 
Bulgaria.     P.  3,000. 

TiRSCHENREUTH,  a  town  of  Bavarla, 
on  the  Nab,  15  m.  S.  Eger.     P.  2,300. 

TiRSCHTiEGEL,  a  town  of  Prussian  Po- 
land.    P.  1,376. 

TiRYNs,  a  ruined  city  of  Greece,  Mo- 
rea. 

TisBUHY,  a  township,  Mass.,  23  miles 
S.B.  New  Bedford.     P.  1,520. 

TiscHNOWiTZ,  a  town  of  Moravia.  P. 
1,500. 

Tishamingo,  N.B.  CO.  Miss.  Ai-ea, 
1,300  sq.  ra.     Cap.  Jacinto.     P.  15,490. 

TisHEET,  a  t.  of  Cent.  Africa,  Sahara. 

Tismana,  a  town  of  Little  Wallaehia. 

TiTicACA  (Lake),  the  most  elevated, 
&  one  of  the  largest  lakes  of  S.  America, 
forming  a  part  of  the  boundary  between 
S.  Peru  &  Bolivia.  Estim.  area,  2,225 
geog.  sq.  m. 

TiTiuiBi,  a  toyn  of  S.  America,  New 
Granada,  dep.  Cundina.marca. 

Tito  (El),  a  town  of  Naples.  P.  3,400. 


TiTTEL,  a  vill.  of  Hungary,  co.  Bacs. 
P.  2,840. 

TiTTERi,  a  marshy  lake  of  Algeria,  80 
m.  S.S.W.  Algiers. 

TiTTLis,  one  of  the  Swiss  Alps,  on  the 
limits  of  the  cants.  Bern,  Uuterwalden, 
&  Uri. 

TiTTMONiNG,  a  town  of  Upp.  Bavaria. 
P.  1,200. 

Titus,  co.  Texas.     P.  3,636. 

TiuMEN,  a  town  of  Siberia,  120  miles 
S.W.  Tobolsk.     P.  from  10,000  to  12,000. 

Tiverton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  De- 
von.    P.  21,727. 

Tiverton,  a  township,  Newport  co. 
Rhode  Island,  on  the  Narragansett  & 
Mount  Hope  bays,  13  m.  N.E.  Newport, 
&■  connected  with  Rhode  Island  by  a 
stone  bridge  1,000  feet  in  length.  P. 
4,699. 

Tivisa,  a  town  of  Spain,  26  miles  W. 
Tarragona.     P.  3,000. 

TivoLi,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  Pon- 
tif.  sta.,  18  m.  E.N.E.  Rome,  on  1.  b.  of 
the  Teverone.  P.  6,200.  Around  Ti- 
v.oli  are  the  remains  of  several  aqueducts, 
&  of  numerous  Roman  villas,  amongst 
which  is  that  of  Cassius  ;  &  adjacent  to 
the  town  are  the  vestiges  of  a  vast,  palace 
built  by  Hadrian,  which  has  contributed 
numerous  antiquities  to  the  Vatican. 

Tixcoco,  an  Indian  town  of  Yucatan, 
20  m.  S.E.  Merida. 

Tk,  or  Teez,  a  town  or  village  of  Be- 
loochistan. 

Tlacotalpan,  &  Tlaliscoyan,  two 
vills.  of  the  Mexican  confed.,  dep.  Vera 
Cruz. 

Tlapa,  a  town  of  the  Mexican  coufed., 
dep.  La  Puebla,  on  the  Yopez. — Tlapu- 
xahua  is  a  mining  town,  dep.  Meehoacan. 

Tlascala,  a  town  of  the  Mexican  con- 
fed.,  dep.  &  10  m.  N.  La  Puebla.  P.  now 
4,000. 

Tlemecen,  a  town  of  Algeria,  prov.  & 
50  m.  S.W.  Oran.— The  gulf  of  Ttemsen, 
20  m.  N.W.-ward,  is  an  inlet  of  the  Medi- 
terranean, opposite  Cape  Gata  (Andalu- 
cia),  &  35  m.  in  width  at  its  entrance. 

Tlos,  a  ruined  city  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia. 

Tmolus  (Mount),  a  mntn.  range  of 
Asia-Minor,  20  m.  S.E.  Smyrna,  extend- 
ing E.-ward  for  about  70  m. 

Tmutarakan,  a  fortified  maritime 
town  of  S.  Russia,  gov.  Caucasus,  on  the 
island  Taman,  Black  sea. 

ToA  (Alto  &  Baxa),  two  vills.  of  Cu- 
ba, near  Bayamo  ;  the  first  with  3,000,  & 
the  other  with  2,000  inhabs. 

ToAK,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pash. 
&  120  m.  N.  Bagdad. 


tol] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER, 


11B 


Tobago,  a  British  W.  India  island, 
Windward  group,  lat.  of  Melville  rocks. 
Area,  57,408  ac.  P.  13,208.  The  high 
grounds  are  covered  with  dense  forests, 
the  narrow  valleys  choked  with  vegeta- 
tion, &  the  isl.  is  beyond  the  range  of 
huTricanes,  but  is  extremely  unhealthy 
to  Europeans.- 

ToBAKHA,  a  town  of  Spain,  33  miles 
S.S.E.  Albacete.    P.  6,490. 

Tobermory,  a  small  seaport  town  of 
Scotland,  co.  Argyle,  on  the  S'.E.  coast 
of  the  island  Mull.     P.  1,390. 

Tobitschau,  a  town  of  Moravia,  cire. 
Olmiitz,  on  the  March,  8  miles  W.S.W. 
Prerau.     P.  1,916. 

Tobol,  a  river  of  Siberia,  after  a  N.E. 
course  of  500  m.  joins  the  Irtish  near  To- 
bolsk. 

Tobolsk,  the  most  W.  gov.  of  Siberia. 
Area,  estimated  at  1,000,000  sq.  m.,  &  p. 

at  685,000. II.  the  cap.  city  of  W. 

Siberia,  &  of  above  gov.,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Irtish  &  Tobol  rivers,  lat.  58°  12' 
39"  N.,  &  Ion.  68°  16'  39"  E.  P.  15,379. 
The  city  proper  stands  on  the  flat  summit 
of  a  hill,  is  enclosed  by  a  strong  brick 
wall,  &  has  externally  a  fine  appearance. 
Streets  regular,  &  mostly  paved  with 
wood.  Principal  buildings,  a  cathedral 
with  five  cupolas. 

ToEoso,  a  decayed  town  of  Spaig,  La 
Mancha. 

ToBOYNE  &  Toby,  two  townships,  Penn. 

1.  CO.  Perry.     P.  1,442.- — II.  on  the 

Clarion  &  Alleghany  rivers.     P.  1,829. 

Tocantins,  a  large  river  of  Brazil, 
joins  the  Atlantic  E.  that  of  the  Amazon, 
&  bounds  the  great  island  Marajo  on  the 
E.     Total  length,  1,100  m. 

TocAYMA,  a  small  town  of  S-.  America, 
New  Granada. 

Tocco,  two  market  towns  of  Naples. 

^I.  17  m.  S.W.  Chieti,  near  the  Pes- 

cara.    P.  3,300. II.  17  m.  N.W.  Avel- 

lino.    P.  1,300. 

TocE,  a  river  of  N.  Italy,  Piedmont, 
after  a  S.  course  of  50  m.,  ent?rs  Lago 
Maggiore.  The  bay  of  the  lake  which 
it  enters  is  called  the  gulf  of  Tosa. 

TocuYO,  a  river  of  S.  America,  Vene- 
zuela, enters  the  Caribbean  sea  N.  the 

gulf  of  Triste.     Total  course,  200  m. 

II.  a  town  on  this  river,  near  its  source, 
34  m.  E.N.E.  Truxillo.  - 

ToD,  a  CO.  in  S.  of  Kentucky.  Area, 
610  sq.  m.     P.  12,208.     Cap.  Elkton. 

ToDi,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  Pontif. 
states.  P.  2,925.  Here,  in  552,  Narses 
defeated  &  killed  the  Gothic  king  Totila. 

ToDMOEDEN  (with  Wafsden),  a  mkt. 
town  of  Englauj,  co.  Lancaster. 


Todtnau,  a  town  of  Baden,  ciro.  Upper 
Rhine,  on  the  Wiesen.     P.  1,377. 

Toggenburg,  the  upper  valley  of  the 
river  Thur,  Switzerland,  cant.  St.  GalL 
L.  30  m. 

ToGiA  Islands,  in  the  Malay  archip., 
are  an  extensive  group  of  islets  in  the 
gulf  of  Tominie,  E.  coast  of  Celebes. 

ToKA,  a  town  of  Hindostan. 

TOKAT,  a  city  of  Asia- Minor,  pash.  & 
58  m.  N.W.  Sivas,  on  the  Yeshil-Irmak. 
P.  6,700  families,  1,500  Armenian  &  150 
Greek. 

Tokay,  a  town  of  N.B.  Hungary,  co. 
Zemplin,  on  rt.  bank  of  the  Theiss.  P. 
5,712. 

Token-Besseys,  a  group  of  islands 
in  the 

Toledo,  a  famous  city  of  Spain,  &  its 
cap.  under  the  Goths  &  Moors,  now  cap. 
prov.  Toledo,  in  the  centre  of  the  Iberian 
peninsula,  on  the  Tagus,  here  crossed  by 
two  noble  bridges,  &  by  which  it  is  nearly 
surrounded,  41  miles  S.S.W.  Madrid.  P. 
said  to  have  amounted  formerly  to  200,000, 
is  now  13.431.  It  is  situated  on  a  rocky 
height,  is  surrounded  by  a  Moorish  wall, 
flanked  by  numerous  towers,  &  has  many 
steeples.  Streets  &  squares  are  narrow, 
irregular,  ill-paved,  &  dull.  It  is  how- 
ever clean,  being  supplied  with  plenty 
of  cisterns.  The  cathedral  of  Toledo,  the 
metropolitan  church  of  Spain,  founded  in 
587,  is  404  ft.  in  length,  204  ft.  in  width, 
with  a  lofty  tower  &  spire.  Toledo  has 
a  university,  &  4  colleges.  Toledo  has 
long  been  famous  for  its  manuf.  of  sword 
blades ;  &  though  it  now  employs  only 
about  70  hands,  great  skill  is  still  shown 
in  tempering  the  blades.  It  was  taken 
by  the  Goths  in  467,  &  by  the  Moors  in 
714,  &  retained  by  the  last  till  1085,  when 
it  was  permanently  annexed  to  the  crown 

of  Castile. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Lucas  co.  0. 

P.  3,829. 

Tolentino,  a  town  of  Central  Italy, 
Pontif.  states,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Chienti.  P. 
9,437. 

ToLFA,  a  market  town  of  Italy,  Pon- 
tif. states. 

ToLiNG,  a  town  of  Tibet,  near  the  up- 
per Sutleje. 

Tolkemit,  a  town  of  W.  Prussia,  on 
Frische  Hafi".     P.  2,130. 

Tolland,  a  N.E.  co.  Conn.     Area,  337 

sq.  m.     P.  29,091. II.  a  township,  cap. 

above  co.,  18  m.  E.N.E.  Hartford.     P. 
1,566: 

Toi.LEx,  a  laKe  &  riv.  of  Mecklenburg- 
Strelitz  ;   the  lake  6  m.  in  length. 

ToLLo,  a  town  of  Naples,  7  m.  N.N.W 
Lanciauo.     P.  2,100. 


114 


CYCLOPEDIA  OF  GEOGRAPHY. 


[tou 


ToLMEZZo,  a  small  town  of  Austrian 
Italy,  26  m.  N.N.W.  Udine.    P.  3,500. 

ToLNA,  a  market  town  of  S.  Hungary, 
cap.  CO.,  on  the  Danube.     P.  5,771. 

ToLOAH,  the  largest  of  the  Salibabo 
islands,  in  the  Malay  archipelago.  Cir- 
cuit about  80  m. 

ToLOMETA,  a  maritime  town  of  N. 
Africa,  Barca,  on  the  Mediterranean,  65 
m.  N.B.  Bengazi. 

ToLosA,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the  Oria 
&  Arages,  15  miles  S.W.  San  Sebastian. 
P.  4,718. 

ToLOTCHiN,  a  market  town  of  Russia, 
onthe.Drutz.     P.  3,000. 

ToLox,  a  town  of  Spain,  29  miles  W. 
Malaga.     P.  2,151. 

ToLTEN,  a  river  of  Chile,  Araucania, 
enters  the  Pacific  ocean.     L.  100  m. 

ToLtJ  (Santiago  de),  a  seaport  town 
of  Colombia,  New  Granada. 

ToLucA,  a  small  town  of  the  Mexican 
confederation. 

ToLVE,  a  market  town  of  Naples,  12 
m.  E.N.B.  Potenza.     P.  3,800. 

ToLviscoN,  a  town  of  Spain,  43  m.  S.E. 
Granada,  near  the  Cadiar.     P.  2,400. 

ToLz,  a  market  town  of  Upper  Bavaria, 
cap.  dist.     P.  3,092. 

Tom,  a  river  of  Siberia,  after  a  N.W. 
course  of  400  m.,  joins  the  Obe. 

ToMAszow,  two  towns  of  Poland. 

I.  20  m.  S.S.W.  Rawa.     P.  5,000. II. 

gov.  &  66  m.  S.E.  L-ublin.     P.  2,900. 

ToMBiGBEE,  a  river,  rises  in  Missouri, 
flows  S.  into  Alabama,  &  joins  the  Ala- 
bama river  to  form  the  Mobile,  35  miles 
above  Mobile  bay.  Total  course  about 
300  m.|  for  most  part  of  which  it  is  navi- 
gable for  steamers. 

ToMELLOso,  a  town  of  Spain,  50  miles 
E.N:E.  Ciudad  Real.     P.  4,475. 

ToMiNA,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  dep.  &  50 
m.  E.  Chuquisaca. 

ToMiNiE  (Gulf  or),  a  large  bay  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  island  Celebes,  Asiatic 
archipelago. 

Tompkins,  a  co.,  in  centre  of  New 
York.     Area,  580  sq.  m.     Cap.  Ithaca. 

P.  38,746. II.  t.,  Delaware  co.  N.  Y. 

P.  3,022. 

ToMPKiNsviLLE,  p-v.,  Richmond  co. 
N.  Y.  P.  2,100. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Mon- 
roe CO.  Ky. 

Tomsk,  a  gov.  of  W.  Siberia,  having 
S.  Chinese  Turkestan.  P.  nearly  a  mil- 
lion.—  Tomsk,  the  cap.  city  on  the  Tom, 
a  tributary  of  the  Obe,  is  'in  lat.  56°  29' 
26"  N.,  Ion.  84°  57'  57"  E.  P.  in  winter 
about  24,000,  but  in  summer  reduced  to 
18,000,  many  of  the  pop.  being  then  else- 
where engaged  in  gold-washings. 


ToMYSL  (Neu),  a  town  of  Prussian 
Poland.     P.  800. 

ToNAHA,  a  mkt.  town  of  the  isl.  Sar- 
dinia, div.  Cagliari.     P.  2,255. 

ToNA WANDA,  a  tnshp.j  New  York,  co. 
Erie,  on  the  Niagara  riv.,  at  the  influx 
of  Tonawanda  creek,  10  m.  Buffalo.  P. 
2,072. 

ToNco,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  Piedmont, 
14  m.  S.W.  Casale. 

ToNDELLA,  a  market  town  of  Portugal, 
10  m.  S,W.  Viseu.     P.  2,400. 

ToNDERN,  a  town  of  Denmark,  duchy 
Schleswig,  25  m.  W.N.W.  Flensburg.  P. 
6,500. 

ToNDi,  a  marit.  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras. 

Tone,  a  river  of  England,  'joins  the 
Parret.  Course  30  m.,  for  the  last  10  of 
which  it  is  navigable. 

ToNG,  a  prefixed  name  of  cities  &  caps, 
of  deps.  in  China. 

Tonga  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Pa- 
cific ocean,  composing  a  section  of  the 
Friendly  islands.  P.  18,BOO.—  Tongata- 
boo  is  one  of  the  most  S.  of  these  islands, 
&.  the  residence  of  their  sovereign,  in  the 
Pacific  ocean.  Circuit  upwards  of  50  m. 
Estim.  p.  8,000. 

ToNGE  with  Haulgh,  a  township  of 

Engl.,  CO.  Lancashire.     P.  2,627. II. 

a  tnshp.,  same  co.     P.  2,423. 

ToNGHO,  a  town  of  the  Burmese  dom., 
prov.  &  120  m.  N.  Pegu. 

ToNGKOo  Bay,  an  anchorage  in  the 
estuary  of  the  Canton  river,  China. 

ToNGREs,  a  town  of  Belgium.  P. 
6,180. 

ToNK,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  48  miles 
S.  Jeypoor,  near  the  Banass. 

ToNNAY,    two    comms.    &    towns    of 

France,  dep.  Charente  Inf. 1.  (Bou- 

tonne),  on  the  Boutonne.     P.  1,416. 

{Charente),  3  m.  E.  Roehefort.     P.  3,435. 

ToNNEDAGANA,  CO.,  Mlch.  Unorgan- 
ized. 

ToNNEiNs,  a  coram.  &-town  of  France, 
dep.  Lot-et-Garonne,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Ga- 
ronne.    P.  4,468.  " 

ToNNERRE,  a  coram.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Yonne.     P.  3,878. 

ToNNiNGEN,  a  fortified  town  of  Den- 
mark, duchy  &  29  m.  W.S.W.  Schleswig, 
on  the  Byder,  11m.  from  its  mouth,  in 
the  N.  sea.     P.  2,400. 

ToNQUiN,  the  most  N.  prov.  of  Anam, 
S.E.  Asia.  Area  &  p.  uncertain. — The 
gulf  of  Tonquin  is  an  inlet  of  the  China 
sea,  surrounded  by  Tonquin,  the  Chinese 
prov.  Quang-tong,  &  the  isl.  Hainan.  L. 
300  m.;  av.  br.  150  m. 

ToNSBEHG,  a  seaport  town  of  Norway, 


tor] 


UN'IVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


115 


47  miles  S.W.  Christiania.    P.  2,200. 

Gulf  of  Tonsberg  is  an  inlet  of  the  Ska- 
ger-rack. 

ToNYN  Islands,  a  small  group  in  the 
Malay  archipelago,  strait  of  Macassar, 
W.  Celebes. 

Tonys  (St.),  a  market  town  of  Ehen- 
ish  Prussia.     P.  2,725. 

TooBONAi,  an  island  of  the  Pacific 
ocean,  S.  the  Society  islands,  &  about  6 
m.  in  circum. 

TooMBUDDRA,  a  river  of  India,  is 
formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Toonga  & 
Biiddra,  in  Mysore.     L.  400  m. 

TooMcooR,  a  town  of  S.  India,  Mysore. 

Toon,  a  town  of  Persia,  prov.  Yezd. 

TooKAVAKAiRA,  a  fortified  town  of  S. 
India,  Mysore. 

ToPHANE  ("an  arsenal"),  a  suburb  of 
Constantinople,  at  the  E.  extremity  of 
the  peninsula. 

TopiNO,  a  river  of  Central  Italy,  Pon- 
tif.  sta.,  joins  the  Tiber. 

TopuczA,  a  river  of  Servia,  joins  the 
E.  Morava. 

TopLiTz,  a  town  &  famous  watering- 
place  of  Bohemia,  on  its  N.W.  frontier. 
Stationary  p.  2,794  ;  but  in  autumn  it  is 
often  visited  by  10,000  strangers.  There 
are  in  all  about  90  public  bathing  houses ; 
&  in  the  suburb  Schonau  are  the  Stein- 
bad,  Templebad,  Sehangenbad,  Neubad, 
&c.,  with  buildings  equal,  if  not  superior, 
in  elegance,  to  the  town  baths.  The  wa- 
ters are  saline;  temp,  in  Toplitz  from 
113°  to  119°,  in  Schonau  from  101°  to 
104°  Fahr. 

TopoLiAs,  a  lake  of  Greece,  Hellas, 
gov.  &  in  the  centre  of  Bceotia.  L.  in 
winter  16  m. ;  greatest  breadth  8  miles. 
Height  above  the  sea  about  1,000  feet. 

ToPOLY,  a  river  of  N.  Hungary,  after 
a  S.S.E.  course  of  65  m.  joins  the  Ondava. 

TopoLYA,  a  post  vill.  of  Hungary,  co. 
Bacs.     P.  5,615. 

TopozERO,  a  large  lake  of  Russian 
Lapland,  gov.  Archangel,  W.  the  White 
sea.     L.  50  m.;  br.  8  m. 

TopRAK-KULAH,  a  town  of  Turkish 
Armenia.  P.  200  Turkish  &  100  Arme- 
nian families.  " 

TopsFiELD,  town,  Essex  co.  Mass.  P. 
1,059. 

TopSHAM,  a  seaport  town  of  England, 

CO.    Devon.       P.    3,733. II.    Maine, 

semi-cap.  co.  Lincoln,  on  the  Androscog- 
gin.     P.    1,833.      It    has    ship-building 

docks. III.  Vermont,   22    miles  S.E. 

Montpelier.     P.  1,745. 

Tor,  a  petty  seaport  town  of  Arabia 
Petraea,  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  gulf  of 
Suez. 


ToRA,  a  small  town  of  Naples,  24  m. 

jST.E.  Gaeta.     P.  1,200. II.  a  town  of 

Spain,  prov.  Lerida. 

ToRAT  Bay,  New  Zealand,  is  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Middle  Island. 

ToHBAY,  a  fine  &  highly  picturesque 
bay  of  England,  an  inlet  of  the  English 

channel. -II.  a  bay,  on  the  S.E.  coast 

of  Nova  Scotia,  13  m.  W.S.W.  Cape  Can- 
so. III.  a  bay,  E.  coast  of  Newfound- 
land, 8  m.  N.  St.  John's. 

ToRCELLO,  an  isl.  in  the  lagoon,  N.E. 
Venice. 

ToRDA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Transylvania, 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Aranyos.     P.  7,000. 

ToRDERA,  a  town  of  Spain,  40  m.  N.E. 
Barcelona.     P.  1,856. 

ToRDEsiLLAs,  a  towu  of  Spain,  24  m. 
S.W.  Valladolid,  on  the  Douro.  P.  2,319. 

ToREE,  a  rajahship  of  India,  Bundel- 
cund,  under  British  protection.  Area,  36 
sq.  m.    P.  6,000. 

ToRELLA,  -a  town  of  Naples.     P.  3,000. 

ToRELLo  (San  Feliude),  a  town  of 
Spain.     P.  1,734. 

ToRGAu,  a  fortified  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  70  m.  S.S.W.  Berlin.     P.  6,425. 

Tdrigni,  a  town  of  France,  dep.  Man- 
ehe,  9  m.  S.E.  St.  LO.     P.  2,051. 

Tobitto,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Bari. 
P.  2,800. 

Toemes,  a  river  of  Spain,  joins  the 
Douro  on  1.     L.  150  m. 

Torn  A,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.  Hungary. 
P.  2,190., 

ToRNEA,  a  river  of  Scandinavia,  sep- 
arates the  Swedish  &  Russian  dom.,  & 
enters  the  head  of  the  gulf  of  Bothnia, 
after  a  S.S.E.  course  of  230  m. 

ToHNEA,  a  town  of  Finland,  on  the 
Tornea.  P.  700. —  Ofver  Tornea  is  a 
place  on  the  Swedish  side  of  Tornea  river. 

ToRO,  a  town  of  Spain,  29  m.  N.N.E. 

Salamanca.     P.  ,6,897. II.  a  market 

town  of  Naples,  7  m.  E.N.E.  Campobas- 
so.     P.  2,400. 

ToRO,  a  small  island  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean, off  the   S.W.  coast  of  the  island 

Sardinia. II.  a  river  of  Mongolia,  E. 

Asia,  joins  the  Nonni,  after  an  E.  course 

of  250  m. III.  (San  Antonia  de),  a 

town  of  S.  America,  New  Granada,  22 
m.  S.S.W.  Cartago.— The  Boca  del  Toro, 
or  "  Bull's  Mouth,"  Central  America. 

ToEOK,  several  mkt.  towns  of  Hun- 
gary.  1.  (Becse),  on  left  bank  of  the 

Theiss.     P.  4,920. II.  {Kaniaa),  on  1. 

bank  of  the  Theiss. III-  (Koppany), 

S.W.  Hungary,  18  m.  S.E.  Lake  Balaton. 

Toronto  (formerly  York),  the  cap. 
city  of  Upper  Canada,  Home  dist.,  on  the 
N.  shore  of  Lake  Ontario.     P.   30,763. 


116 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[to  3 


No  otlier  town  in  Canada?  has  made  such 
rapid  progress.  The  harbor,  a  eircuhir 
bay  IJ  in.  across,  is  formed  by  a  penin- 
sula projecting  into  the  lake  for  about  6 
m.,  &  terminating  in  Gibraltar  point. 
Captured  by  the  Americans  in  1813. 

ToROPETz,  a  town  of  Russia.  P.  8,000. 
It  has  a  cathedral,  &  a  dilapidated  fort  on 
an  is),  in  the  Toropa. 

ToH-ORsAJA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Naples. 

ToRauAY,  a  market  town,  &  favorite 
wateriog-place  of  Engl.,  co.  Devon.  P. 
4,085.  It  consists  chiefly  of  handsome 
villas  &  terraces,  interspersed  with  plan- 
tations, &  lodging-houses  for  visitors. 

ToHdUEMADA,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
&  12  m.  N.B.  Palencia,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Pisuerga.     P.  2,700. 

ToRRALBA  DE  Calatrava,  a  town  of 
Spain,  13  miles  N.E.  Ciudad-Eeal.  P. 
3,016. 

Torrao,  a  market  town  of  Portugal, 
prov.  Alemtejo.     P.  1,800. 

Torre,  a  prefixed  name  of  many 
towns,  &c.,  of  Spain  &  Portugal. 

Torre,  a  river  of  N.  Italy,  gov.  Ven- 
ice, joins  the  Isonzo,  after  a  S.S.E.  course 
of  nearly  40  m. — {T.  del  Greco),  Naples, 
cap.  cant.,  7  m.  S.E.  Naples,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  the  bay  of  Naples.     P.  13,000. 

II.  (T.  dell  Annunziata),  12  m.  S.E. 

Naples.  P.  10,000. III.  {delle  Nacel- 
le), 4  m.   E.S.E.    Montefusco.     P.  1,600. 

IV.  {de  Fasseri),  on  the  Pescara,  13 

m.  S.W.  Chieti.     P.  1,400. V.  {di  Lu- 

serna),  Piedmont,  8  m.  S.  Pinerolo.     P. 

of  comm.  2,894. VI.  {di  Mondavi),  a 

mkt.  town  of  Piedmont.  P.  of  comm. 
1,675. VII.  (Tarrella),  a  town  of  Na- 
ples, 3   m.  E.   Avellino.     P.  3,500. 

VIII.  {Torre- Maggiore),  a  town  of  Na- 
ples. P.  4,000. —  Torrecuso  is  a  market 
town  of  Naples,  20  m.  N.N.A7.  Avellino. 
P.  1,900. 

ToRRECAMPO,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
&  35  m.  S.E.  Cordova.  P.  2,518.— Tor- 
recilla  de  Cameras  is  a  town,  prov.  &  15 
m.  S.S.W.  Logrofio.  P.  2,027.— And 
Torres,  a  town,  prov.  &  18  m.  S.W.  Jaen. 
P.  2,292. 

ToRRBNs  (Lake),  a  large  salt  lake  of 
S.  Australia,  bending  in  a  remarkable 
horse-shoo  direction  around  an  arid  & 
mountainous  peninsula. 

ToKREs-NovAs,  a  walled  town  of  Por- 
tugal.    P.  4,250. 

Torres  Strait,  in  the  E.  seas,  between 
Papua  &  Cape  York,  the  N.  extremity  of 
Australia. 

Torres  Vedras,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
on  the  Sizandro,  27  m.  N."W.  Lisbon.  P. 
2,300. 


ToRHi,  a  vill.  of  N.  Austria,  gov.  Ven- 
ice, deleg,  &  18  m.  !N.W.  Verona. — 
Torrice  is  a  mkt.  town,  Pontif.  sta. 

ToRRicELLA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Naples, 
22  m.  S.S.E.  Chieti      P.  3,500. 

TOHRIDGE,  a  river  of  England,  co. 
Devon,  joins  the  Bristol  channel  by  an 
estuary  common  to  it  &,  the  Taw.  Course 
40  m. 

ToHRiDON  Loch,  an  irilet  of  the  sea 
on  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland,  co.  Koss. 

ToRRiNGTON,   t.,    Litchfield   co.  Conn. 

P.  1,917. II.  {Great),  a  market  town 

of  England,  co.  Devon.     P.  3,419. 

ToRRiTA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Tuscany.  P. 
3,800. 

ToRROX,  a  town  of  Spain,  25  miles  E. 
Malaga.     P.  3,357. 

ToRSA,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of 
ScQiland,  co.  Argyle,  E.  the  isls.  Sell  & 
Luing.     L.  2  miles. 

ToRSHiELLA,  a  town  of  Sweden,  on 
the  Torshaella,  near  its  mouth  in  Lake 
Maelar.  ^ 

ToRSHOK.  a  town  of  Russia,  36  miles 
AV.N.W.  Tver,  on  the  Tverza.  P.  15,- 
500. 

ToRTOLA,  one  of  the  Virgin  islands, 
W.  Indies,  belonging  to  Great  Britain. 
L.  12  m.,  br.  4  m.     P.  8,500. 

ToRTONA,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Pied- 
mont.    P.  of  comm.  10,821. 

ToRTOHici,  a  mkt.  town  of  Sicily,  12 
m.  S.W.  Patti.     P.  4,000. 

ToETOSA,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the  Ebro, 
22  m.  from  its  mouth.  P.  20,573.  It  is 
strongly  fortified  by  walls  &  several  out- 
works, is  entered  by  7  gates,  &  has  a 
large  cathedral. II.  {Orlhosia),  a  sea- 
port town  of  Syria,  pash.  &  30  miles  N. 
Tripoli. 

ToHTSvAs,  a  vill.  of  Transylvania.  P. 
6,690. 

ToETUGA,  two  isla-nds  of  the  W.  Indies. 

1,  in  the  Caribbean  sea.     L.,  E.  to 

W.,  15  m.,  br.  8  m- II.  off  the  N.W. 

coast  of  Hayti.  L.,  E.  to  W.,  22  m.,  br. 
5  m. III.  an  island  in  the  gulf  oi'  Cal- 
ifornia, 85  m.  S.  the  island  Tiburon. — 
Tortugas  is  an  island  off  the  N.  coast  of 
Cuba,  100  miles  W.S.W.  Cape  Sable, 
Florida. 

ToRTFRA,  a  maritime  vill.  of  Palestine, 
20  m.  S,S.W.  Acre. 

Tory,  an  island  off  the  N.W.  coast  of 
Ireland,  Ulster.     L.  3  m.     P. 

TosA,  a  populous  town  of  Japan,  isl. 
Sikoke. 

ToscANELLA,  a  town  of  Central  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta.     P.  3,000. 

ToscoLANQ,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy, 
20  m.  N.E.  Brescia.     P.  3,000. 


tow] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


Ill 


TosiA,  a  town  of  Asia- Minor,  Anato- 
lia, 100  m.  N.E   Angora. 

Tost,  or  Toszek,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia.     P.  1,035. 

TosTAKH,  a  river  of  E.  Siberia,  joins 
the  Yana  after  a  jST.N.W.  course  of  200 
miles. 

ToTANA,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  Mur- 
cia,  lO  miles  ISf.E.  Loroa.     P.  8,506. 

ToTMA,  a  town  of  Russia,  110  m  N  E 
Vologda.     P.  2,800.  '    ' 

p '^um'"' ""  *°'^°  °^  ^^"^^■' *'°' ■'^'''■°°- 

_  ToTomcAPAN,  a  town  of  Cent.  Amer- 
ica, state  &  100  miles  N.W.  Guatemala 
cap.  dep.,  in  a  rich  plain.  P.  12,000  C?)  ' 
ToucdUBs,  a  river  of  France.'  after  a 
N.  course  of  55  miles,  enters  the' English 
channel. 


Toucy,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Prance,  den 
Yonne.     P.  1,641.  '.  ^ 

TouL,  a  comm.  &  fortified  town  of 
i  ranee,  dep.  Meurthe,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Mo- 
selle.    P.  6,992. 

Toulon,  a  comm.  &  important  military 
&  naval  port  of  France,  dep.  Var,  on  a 
fine  bay  of  the  Me^iiterranean.  P.  39  . 
243.  The  French  consider  it  impregna- 
ble. The  bagne,  or  convict  prison,  usu- 
ally occupied  by  4,000  to  5,000  culprits, 
loulou  was  originally  a  Roman  colony  it 
was  taken  by  the  constable  of  Bourbon 
m  1524,  &  by  Chas.  V.  in  1536.  It  was 
given  up  to  the  English  in  August  1793- 
Ib  December  of  the  same  year  it  was 
taken  by  the  French  republicans,  after  a 
memorable  siege,  during  which  Napoleon 
commenced  his  military  career.  Toulon- 
sur-Arroux    is    a   comm.    &    vill      dep 

Saone-et-Loire.      P.   1,556. -11  '  n-v 

Stark  CO.  111.  ^      ' 

Toulouse,  a  city  of  France,  cap.  dep. 
H.  Garonne,  on  the  Garonne.  P.  71,895 
It  is  surrounded  by  old  ramparts,  flauked 
by  towers,  &  is  generally  well  built,  the 
moat  remarkable  edifice  is  the  capitol, 
said  to  have  been  founded  in  the  time  of 
Galba.  It  is  the  entrepot  for  the  com- 
merce between  the  interior  of  France  & 
Spain.  It  is  one  of  the  mojt  ancient 
cities  of  Gaul,  &  was  for  some  time  cap 
of  the  Visigoths.  lu  732  it  was  taken  by 
the  Saracens.  The  battle  of  Toulouse 
was  fought  on  10th  April  1814. 

ToujviEN,  a  river  of  Corea,  enters  the 
sea  of  Japan.  L.  200  m—Kin-kin'r  is 
on  it,  near  its  mouth. II.  a  townf  Si- 
beria. 

TouK  (La),  several  eomms.  &  market 

towns  of  France. 1.  (d'Aigues),  dep 

Vaucluse.    P.  1,463. II.  (d'Auvergne) 

dep.  Puy-de-Dome,  25  m.  S.W.  Clermont- 
33* 


Ferrand.    P.  2,242. HI.  (rfe  France), 

w  AT^w-  '^^'"•'  -'^P-  ^  Pyrenees,  13  m. 
;l     J-    Peipign.an.      P.    1,259. IV 

P  "  214     '^^^^'  ^'^''®'  ^^  ""■  ^^■■^"  ^^°^' 
TouKAiNE,  an  old  prov.  of  France. 
TouRcoiNG,  a  comm.  &  town  of  Franco, 
dep.  Nord.     P.  15,885. 
I      Tour-de-Peil  (La),  a  small  town  of 
j  Switzerland,  cant.  Vaud. 

Touklaville,  a  comm.   &  village  of 

1  i^rance,  dep.  Manche.     P.  1,845. 
i      Tourmente    (Cape),   a   headland   of 

Lower  Canada. 

;       Tournan,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 

i  France,  dep.  Seine-et-Marne.     P.  1,765. 

I       TouRNAv,  a  strongly  fortified  town  of 

I  Belgium,  prov.Hainault,  on  the  Scheldt 

here  crossed  by  several  flying  bridges   & 

which  divides  it  into  an  old  &  a  new  town 

27  m.  N.Av.  Mons.     It  has  a  fine  quav 

along  the  Scheldt.     The  cathedral  has 

nve  towers  &  spires. 

Tqurnay,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Pyrenees.     P.  1,316. 

2  2^0^^^^^^^'  ^  ^^l^age  of  Belgium.    P. 

TouHNON,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France 

dep  Ard,>che.     P.  3,518. II.  a  comm. 

&  vilL,  dep.  Lot-et-Garonne.     P.  1,402. 

TouRNtTs,  a  conjm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Saone-et-Loire.     P.  4,216. 

Tours,  a  city  of  France,  cap.  dep.  In- 
dre-et-Loire,  between  the  1.  b.  of  the 
Loire  &  rt.  b.  of  the  Cher,  65  m.  S  W 
Orleans.  P.  25,822.  Tours  is  situated  at 
the  extremity  of  a  fine  plain,  &  its  bridge 
across  the  Loire  is  one  of  the  finest  in 
Lurope.  It  is  a  favorite  residence  of 
iinglish  families.     In  its  vicinity  :s  Ples- 

f/oQ  .  ^V''^'  ^^^""^  ^°'^is  XI-  <iied  in 
I4«d,  &  the  national  powder-mills  The 
manufs.  of  silk  stuffs,  introduced  by  Louia 
Al.,  are  still  important. 

Tourtoirac,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France 
dep.  Dordogne.  P.  1.289— Tour touse  is 
1544™™'  *  '^i^l^Se,  dep.  Aridge.  P. 
TouRvlis,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
^223°^'  ^^^'  ^^'''  ^^  ^'  ^'  ^°^^°°-  P- 
TouRY,  a  comm.  &  rill,  of  France,  dep. 
Eure-et-Loir.     P.  1,250. 

TouvET  (Le),  a  comm.  &  village  of 
France,  dep.  Isere,  cap.  cant.,  17  m.  N.E. 
Grenoble.     P.  1,683. 

Tou-Yan,  a  city  of  China. 
TovARNiK,  a  mkt.  &  post  town  of  Sla- 
vonia.     P.  2,889. 

TowAMENsiNG,  two  tnshps.,  Pa. 1. 

on  the  Lehigh,  87  m.  E.N.E.  Harrisburg.' 
P.  1,847. II.  CO.  Montgomery-j  20  m. 


118 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GKOGRAPHY. 


[tra 


from  Philadelphia.— Towanda  is  a  town- 
ship, cap.  CO.  Bradford.     P.  1,002. 

TowcESTER,  a  market  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Northampton.     P.  2,749. 

Tower  Hamlets,  a  pari.  bor.  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Middlesex. 

TowNSEND,  t.,  Windham  co.  Vt.     P. 

1  315. II.  t.,  Middlesex  co.  Mass.    P. 

l]892.—  Townsend  bay,  S.W.  extremity 
of  Nova  Scotia,  British  N.  Amer.  Br.  of 
entrance,  11  m. 

TowTON,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  York, 
AV.  Ridino-.  P.  146.  Here  a  great  battle 
was  fought  between  the  houses  of  York 
&  Lancaster  in  1461. 

TowY,  a  river  of  S.  Wales.  Total 
course  60  m. 

'Towyn  or  Tywyn,  a  pa.  &  maritime 
vill.  of  N.Wales.     P.  2,907. 

TozER,  a  town  of  N.  Africa,  dom. 
Tunis.  ^  ^ 

Tkachenberg,    a    town   of  Prussian 

Silesia.     P.  2,400.  .  „    .    '    ,      , 

Trachselwald,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland. 

P-  1.628.  ,    ,,       , 

Tracton,  a  pa.  of  Ireland,  Munster, 
CO.  Cork.     P.  2,959. 

Tracy,  several  comms.  &  vills.  ot 
France,  the  principal  in  dep.  Oise.  P. 
1,427.  -    ,         ,      , 

Tradate,  a  mkt.  town  of  Lombardy, 
deleg.  &  11  m.  S.W.  Como. 

Trade-Town,  a  marit.  settlement  oi 
Liberia,  W.  Africa.  ,    „  .,. 

Trafalgar  (Cape),  a  headland  of  the 
S.W.  coast  of  Spain,  prov.  Cadiz. 

Traghan,  a  walled  town  of  N.  Africa, 
Fezzan. 

Trahiras,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov. 
Goyaz.     P.  2,000. 

Traiguera,  a  town  of  Spam,  9  m. 
N.B.  San  Matheo.     P.  1,916. 

Trailinskaja,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia, 
Don  Cossack  territory.     P.  2,000. 

Traina,  town  of  Sicily,  intend.  Catania. 
P.  7,400.  ■      .  „ 

Trainel,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Aube.     P.  1,261. 

Traiskirchen,  a  mkt.  town  of  Lower 
Austria.     P.  1,115. 

Trajan,  a  market  town  of  European 
Turkey,  Bulgaria,  on  the  Osma. 

Trajetto,  a  town  of  Naples,  8  m.  N.E. 
Gaeta.     P.  5,600. 

Tralee,  a  pari.  &  munic.  borough,  & 
seaport  town  of  Ireland,  Munster,  cap. 
CO.  Kerry.  P.  12,534.— TraZee  bay,  is  15 
miles  in  length  &  7  miles  in  br.  at  its  en- 

Tramaye,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Saone-et-Loire.    P.  2,510. 
TramorE)  a  maritime  town  &  bathing- 


place  of  Ireland,   co.  &,  6  miles  S.S.W. 
Waterford.     P.  1,120. 

Tramutola,  a  market  town  of  Naples, 
23  m.  S.  Potenza.     P.  4,000. 

Tran,  a  town  of  Anam,  Tonquin,  near 
the  Chinese  frontier. 

Trancoso,  a  walled  town  of  Portugal, 

26  m.  E.N.E.  Viseu.     P.  1,300. -II.  a 

maritime  town  of  Brazil,  20  m.  S.  Porto- 
Seguro.     P.  1,500. 

Trani,  a  seaport  town  of  Naples,  2B 
m.  N.W.  Bari.     P.  12,000. 

Tranmore,  a  township  of  England, 
CO.  Chester.     P.  2,554. 

Tranquebar,  a  fortified  seaport  town 
of  Hindostan,  on  the  Coromandel  coast. 
P.  (including  its  territory  of  about  25 
sq.  m.),  26,000.(7) 

Trans,  a  comm.  &  villv  of  France, 
dep.  Var.     P.  1,317.  .  ,   .     • 

Transcaucasia,  a  country  of  Asiatic 
Russia,  S.  of  the  Caucasus.  Area  esti- 
mated at  66,300  sq.  m.,  &  p.  1,625,000. 
It  is  now  divided  into  two  unequal  por- 
tions :— 1,  the  eastern,  comprising  the 
old  Mohammedan  provs.  on  the  Caspian 
sea ;— 2,  the  western,  comprising  Grusia, 
or  Georgia,  with  the  provs.  Guria,  Ime- 
ritia,  &  Russian  Armenia. 

Transpadane  Republic,  a  state  form- 
ed in  Italy  by  Napoleon,  in  1796,  of  part 
of  Lombardy  &  Venetia. 

Transylvania  ("  the  seven  towns  ), 
the  most  B.  prov.  of  the  Austrian  empire, 
having  W.  &  N.  Hungary.  Area,  21,160 
sq.  m.  P.  2,108,405.  The  most  remark- 
able mineral  product  is  rook-salt,  a  bed 
of  which  extends  from  Wallaohia  through 
Transylvania  to  Galicia,  covering  a  space 
of  570  m.  in  length,  &  from  60  to  80  m. 
in  breadth ;  1,500,000  cwts.  of  salt  are 
procured  annually  from  mines ;  there 
are,  besides,  120  salt  springs.  Twenty- 
two  gold  mines  are  wrought,  &  nearly 
every  stream  in  the  country  is  auriferous. 
The  annual  produce  of  gold  is  2,500 
merks,  of  which  1,800  is  obtained  from 
washings.  Silver  yields  annually  5,000 
merks.  Transylvania  lately  sent  w.em- 
bers  to  the  Hungarian  diet,  besides  hav- 
ing a  diet  of  its  own.  The  country  in 
1848  &  1849  was  the  seat  of  protracted 
warfare,  during  which  it  is  estimated 
that  200  towns  &  villages  were  burned, 
&  10,000  of  the  pop.  perished.  Transyl- 
vania was  annexed  to  the  Austrian  em- 
pire by  Joseph  II.  in  1699. II.  a  vill., 

U  S  N.  America,  Ohio,  on  the  Little 
Miami,  68  miles  W.S.W.  Columbus,  & 
founded  in  1829.  ' 

Trapani,  a  fortified  seaport  town  ot 
Sicily,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  isl.  46  m. 


tre] 


'UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


7^9 


W.  Palermo.  P.  24,330.  Drepanum 
was  early  occupied  by  the  Carthaginians, 
&  was  the  scene  of  a  celebrated  sea-  fight 
(B.C.  237)  between  the  Roman  &  Cartha- 
ginian fleets. 

Trappe  (La),  a  Benedictine  convent 
of  France,  dep.  Orne,  6  m.  N.  Mortagae. 

Tra  REACH,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
36  m.  S.W.  Coblenz,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Moselle.     P.  1,345. 

Thas-os-Montes,  a  prov.  of  Portugal, 
in  the  N.,  having  N.  &  E.  Spain.  Area, 
4,028  sq.  m.  P.  300,840.  The  Douro 
forms  all  its  S.,  &  most  part  of  its  E. 
border. 

Thau,  a  seaport  town  of  Dalmatia, 
circ.  &  10  m.  W.  Spalato.     P.  3,800. 

Thaun,  a  river  of  Upper  Austria,  after 
a  N.W.  course  of  100  miles,  joins  the 
Danube. — The  lake  of  Traun,  an  expan- 
sion of  the  river  Traun,  is  8  m.  long,  & 
2  m.  broad. —  Traunkirchen  is  a  vill.,  on 
W.  bank  of  the  lake. 

Traunstein,  a  walled  town  of  Upper 
Bavaria,  cap.  dist.     P.  2,236. 

Trautenau,  or  Trutnow,  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Aupa.   P.  2,405. 

Travancore,  a  state  at  the  S.  extrem- 
ity of  India,  tributary  to  the  British, 
having  W.  &  S.  the  Indian  ocean.  Area, 
including  Cochin,  6,730  sq.  m.  P.  1,280,- 
668.  Property  of  all  kinds,  as  in  Canara, 
descends  in  the  female  line.  The  inhab- 
itants are  mostly  Hindoos,  but  there  are 
estimated  to  be  100,000  Syrian  Chris- 
tians.  II.  a  town  of  this  state,  50  m. 

N.N.W.  Cape  Comorin. 

Trave,  a  river  of  N.  Germany,  flows 
B.  &  enters  the  gulf  of  Liibeck.  Total 
course  50  m. 

Travemijnde,  a  fortified  town  of  N. 
Germany,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Trave. 
P.  L476. —  Traventhal  is  a  hamlet  of 
Denmark,  duchy  Holstein,  on  the  Trave. 

Travers,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
«Si  13  m.  W.S.W.  Neuchatel,  on  the  Reuse. 

TRAVER.S  Lake,  in  the  U.  S.,  Missouri 
territory,  is  between  Turtle  &  Plantag- 
enet  lakes.     L.  10  m. ;  br.  4  m. 

Travis,  co.,  Texas.     P.  3,138. 

Travnik,  a  town  of  Europ.  Turkey, 
Bosnia.     P.  8,500. 

Trebbin,  a  town  of  Prussia,  15  miles 
S.S.E.  Potsdam.     P.  1,680. 

Thebes,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Aude,  4  m.  E.  Carcassonne, 
on  the  Aude.     P.  1,773. 

Trebia,  or  Tbebbia,  a  river  of  N. 
Italy,  rises  on  N.  side  of  the  Apennines, 
&  after  a  rapid  course  of  55  m.  joins  the 
Po.  On  the  adjacent  plain,  Hannibal 
conquered  the  Romans,  bo.  218 j   &  on 


19th  June  1799,  the  French,  under  Mac- 
donald,  were  defeated  by  the  Austro- 
Russian  army  under  Suwarrow. 

Trebigne,  a  fortified  town  of  European 
Turkey,  52  miles  S.S.E.  Mostar.  P. 
10,000.      . 

Trebitsch,  a  walled  town  of  Moravia, 
18  m.  S.E.  Iglau.     P.  5,000. 

Thebizonde  (Pashalic  of),  a  subdi- 
vision of  Turkish  Armenia,  extending 
along  the  coast  of  the  Black  sea.  Surface 
mostly  mntnous.,  &  the  coast- line  clothed 
with  dense  forest,  rises  to  from  4,000  to 
5,000  feet  above  the  sea.  Its  E.  part, 
called  Lazistan,  is  destitute  of  towns, 
from  being  inhabited  by  Lazes,  a  rude 
people,  numbering  about  50,000.  Prin- 
cipal towns,  Trebizond,  Kerehsun,  Ti- 
rehboli,  Rizah,  &  Batum,  all  on  its  coast. 
—  Trebizonde,  the  cap.,  is  an  important 
fortified  seaport  city,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of 
the  Black  sea,  120  m.  N.W.  Erzeroum. 
Estim.  p.  from  25,000  to  30,000,  of  whom 
from  20,000  to  24,000  are  Mohammedans, 
inhabiting  the  walled  city.  It  stands  on 
the  slope  of  a  hill  facing  the  sea,  enclosed 
by  a  lofty  castellated  barrier.  Annual 
exports  700,000^.,  exclusive  of  specie  for- 
warded to  the  Turkish  capital.  Annual 
imports  1,400,000Z.  At  this  city,  Xeno- 
phon  &  the  Ten  Thousand  Greeks  reach- 
ed the  sea  in  their  memorable  retreat. 
From  1203  until  the  subversion  of  the 
Eastern  empire;  Trebizond  was  the  cap. 
of  an  independent  dom.,  extending  from 
the  Phasis  to  the  Halys. 

Trebnitz,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 

15  m.  N.N.E.  Breslau.     P.  2,430. II. 

a  town  of  Bohemia. 

Tkebur,  a  market  town  of  Germany, 
Hessen  Darmstadt,  on  the  Rhine.  P. 
1,397. 

Tre-castagne,  a  mkt.  town  of  Sicily, 
Catania.     P.  2,500. 

Thecastle,  a  dist.  &  hamlet  of  S. 
Wales,  CO.  Carmarthen. 

Trecate,  a  market  town  of  Piedmont, 

6  miles  E.S.E.  Novara.  P.  of  comm. 
5,071. 

Trecchina,  a  market  town  of  Naples, 

7  m.  S.  Lagonero.     P.  2,200. 
Trecenta,  a  market  town  of  Austrian 

Italy.     P.  2,600. 

Tredegar,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO..  Monmouth. 

Tredypin,  a  township,  Chester  co. 
Penn.,  on  Valley  Creek,  17  miles  N.W. 
Philadelphia.     P.  1,715. 

Treffort,  a  comm.  &  town  oS  S'rance, 
dep.  Ain.     P.  2,154. 

Treffurt,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  36  m.  W.N."ftyv  Erfurt.    P.  2,061. 


780 


CTCLOP-EDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[tre 


Teegaron,  a  market  town  of  Wales, 
CO.  Cardigan,  10  m.  N.E.  Lampeter. 

TaEGUiER,  a  comm.  &towD  of  France, 
dep.  COtes-du-Nord,  5  m.  from  the  Eng- 
lish channel.     P.  3,302. 

Theignac,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Correze,  on  the  Vezdre.     P-  2,010. 

Treictny,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Yonne.     P.  2,303. 

Treis,  a  mkt.  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, on  the  Moselle.     P.  1,330. 

Treisam,  a  river  of  Baden,  after  a 
N.W.  course  of  nearly  30  m.,  joins  the 
Elz. 

Treja,   a  town  of  Central  ItalJ^     P. 

7,910. II  a  small  riv.,  joins  the  Tiber 

from  the  W. 

Trelawny,  a  river  of  England,  eo. 
Cornwall,  flows  S.-ward,  &  eaters  the 
English  channel  after  a  course  of  16  m. 

Trelon,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Nord,  8  miles  S.E.  Avesnes. 
P.  1,915. 

Tremadoc,  a  small  market  town  of 
N.  Wales,  co.  Carnarvon.  The  harbor, 
Port-Madoe,  admits  vessels  of  300  tons 
burden. 

Tremblade  (La),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Charente  Inf.,  on  the  geu- 
dre,  5  m.  from  the  sea.     P.  2,551. 

Trembowla,  a  town  of  Austrian  Po- 
land, Galicia,  18  m.  S.S.E.  Tarnopol.  P. 
3,030. 

Trementines,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town 
of  France,  dep.  Maine-et-Loire,  11  miles 
S.E.  Beaupr^au.     P.  1,098. 

Themiti  Isles,  a  group  of  5  islands 
in  the  Adriatic  sea,  off  the  coast  of  Na- 
ples. The  largest,  San  Domenico,  is  4  m. 
in  circumference. 

Tremles,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circ.  & 
29  m.  S.E.  Tabor.     P.  2,895. 

Tremont,  p-v.,  cap.  Tazewell  co.  111. 

Trent,  a  river  of  England,  through 
the  centre  of  which  it  flows.  It  rises  in 
the  moorlands  of  Staffordshire,  &  joins 
the  Ouse  to  form  the  estuary  of  the  Hum- 

ber.     Total  course  140  m. II.  a  river 

of  Upper  Canada,  enters  Lake  Ontario, 
10  m.  N.E.  Newcastle.  Total  length  100 
miles. 

Trentola,  a  market  town  of  Naples, 
9  m.  N.N.W.  Naples.     P.  2,600. 

Trenton,  a  city,  cap.  state  New  Jer- 
sey, on  the  E.  side  of  the  Delaware  riv., 
opposite  its  falls,  below  which  it  is  crossed 
by  a  covered. bridge,  1,000  feet  in  length, 
at  the  head  of  its  sloop  navig.,'27  miles 
N.E.  Philadelphia.  P.  6,466.  It  was 
first  settled  in  1720,  &  incorporated  as  a 
city  in  1792.  The  battle  of  Trenton, 
25th   December,   1776,   was  gained  by 


Washington  &  his  troops  over  the  united 
British  &  Hess\an  forces. II.  t.,  Han- 
cock co.  Me.     P.  1,062. HI.  p  v.,  cap. 

Jones  CO.  N.  C. IV.  p-v.,  cap.  Dade 

CO.  Ga. V.  p-v.,  cap.  Gibsun  co.  Tenn. 

VI.    p-v.,    cap.    Grundy  co.    Mo. — 

Trenton  Jails  are  in  W.  Canada  creek, 
in  tlie  township,  &  consist  of  si.x  succes- 
sive cataracts,  with  a  total  descent  of  the 
river  of  312  feet  within  2  m. 

Trentschin,  a  walled  town  of  N.W. 
Hungary,  cap.  co.,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Waag, 
40  m.  N.  Neutra.     P.  2,898. 

Treport  (Le),  a  comm.  &  seaport 
town  of  France,  at  the  N.  extremity  of 
the  dep.  Seine  Inf.,  16  m.  E.N.E.  Dieppe. 
P.  2,914. 

Treptow  (Alt  &  Neu),  two  towns  of 

Prussia,  prov.  Pomerania. 1.  17  miles 

S.S.E.  Demmin.     P.  3,825. IL  on  the 

Rega,  16  m.  W.S.W.  Colberg.     P..5,350. 
Tresco,  one  of  the  Scilly  Islands,  in 
the  English  channel.     P.  430. 

Trescobre,  a  market  town  of  Lom- 
bardy,  deleg.  &  8  m.  E.  Bergamo,  with 
2,000  inhabs. 

Treshinish  Islands,  a  rugged  group 
of  basaltic  islets,  Hebrides,  Scotland. 

Tres-Montes,  a  large  peninsula  of 
S.  America,  W.  Patagonia. 

Tres-Pontes,  a  town  of  Brazil.  P. 
3,000.       ■ 

Trets,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Bouches-du-Rhone,  on  the  slope  of  Mt. 
Regaignas.    P.  2,552. 

Tretto,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy.  P. 
2,300. 

Treuchthngen,  a  market  town  of 
Bavaria.     P.  1,583-. 

Treuen,  a  town  of  Saxony,  9  miles 
E.N.E.  Plauen.     P.  4,443. 

Treuenbrietzen,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
22  m.  S.S.W.  Potsdam.     P.  4,960. 

Treves,  a  city  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on 
rt.  b.  of  the  Moselle,  here  crossed  by  a 
fine  bridge,  690  feet  in  length,  60  miles 
S.W.  Coblenz.  P.  16,250.  Many  of  its 
public  buildings  are  imposing,  &  partially 
Roman  edifices.  The  cathedral  is  re- 
markable for  its  altars  &  marble  gallery. 
Its  baths  are  of  Roman  construction,  & 
beyond  its  walls  are  the  ruins  of  an  am- 
phitheatre. It  has  a  seminary,  gymna- 
sium, a  museum,  &  a  valuable  library 
of  60,000  vols.,  which  belonged  to  its  uni- 
versity, suppressed  in  1794. 

Trevi,    two  market  towns  of  Central 

Italy,   Pontif.  sta. 1.   (Thebana),  on 

the  Upper  Anio.     P.  1,660. II.  {Tre- 

bia),  10  m.  N.  Spoleto.     P.  4,600. 

Trevico,  a  town  of  Naples,  10  miles 
S.S.E.  Ariano.     P.  3,000. 


TRi] 


UKIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


Y81 


Treviglio,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy, 
20  tn.  E.N.E.  Milan.     P.  6,440. 

Treviso,  a  walled  city  of  Austrian 
Italy,  gov.  &  16  ra.  N.  Venice,  on  the 
Sile.  P.  21,600.  It  is  well  built,  &  its 
cathedral,  &  many  private  buildings,  are 
adorned  with  fine  paintings. 

Trevoux,  Trivice,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ain,  cap.  cant.,  on  1.  b.  of 
the  Saone,  12  m.  N.  Lyon.     P.  1,855. 

Treysa,  a  town  of  Germany,  Hessen- 
Cassel,  on  the  Schwalm.     P.  2,549. 

Trezzo,  a  market  town  of  Lombardy, 
on  the  Adda. 

Triana,  a  suburb  of  the  city  Sevilla, 
Spain. 

Triangle,  t.,  New  York,  co.  Broome. 
P.  1,728. 

Triangles  (The),  a  group  of  islets  off 
the  Asiatic  archipelago,  in  the  strait  of 

Macassar. II.  a  group  off  the  E.  coast 

of  Yucatan,  Central  America. 

Tricaloor,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presidency  Madras,  44  miles  W.  Pondi- 
cherry. 

Tricarico,  a  town  of  Naples,  cap. 
cant.,  17  m.  E.  Potenza.     P.  5,000. 

Thicase,  a  town  of  Naples,  23  miles 
E.S.E.  Gallipoli.     P.  2,300. 

Tricatoor,  two  towns  of  British  India. 

1,  dist.  &  35  m.  E.N.E.  Madura. 

II.  dist.  Tanjore,  4  m.  W.  TranqueBar. 

Tricesimo,  a  market  town  of  Italy, 
gov.  Venice.  P.  2,700. 
"  Trichinopoly,  a  district  of  British 
India,  near  its  S.  extremity,  presid.  Ma- 
dras. Area,  3,169  sq.  m.  P.  554,730.— 
Trichinopoly,  cap.  above  dist.,  &  the 
only  town  of  consequence,  is  situated  on 
the  Cavery,  30  m.  W.  Tanjore.  P.  100,- 
000. 

Tricot,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Oise,  12  m.  N.E.  Clermont.  P.  1,045. 

Trie,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
H.  Pyrenees,  15  m.  E.N.E.  Tarbes.  P. 
1,328. —  Trie  le  Chateau  is  a  mkt.  town, 
dep.  Oise,  15  m.  S.W.  Beauvais. 

Triebel,  a  tovvn  of  Prussia,  52  miles 
S.S.E.  Frankfiirt.     P.  1,560. 

Triebsees,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Pomera- 
nia,  20  m.  S.W.  Stralsund.     P.  2,703. 

Tribl,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Scine-et-Oise.     P.  1,886. 

Triengen,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  16 
miles  N.W.  Lucerne,  on  the  Suren.  P. 
2,700. 

Trient,  a  city  of  the  Tyrol,  cap.  circ, 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Adige,  13  m.  N.N.E.  Ro- 
veredo.  P.  12,900.  It  is  enclosed  by 
high  walls,  &  has  a  large  square,  with  a 
handsome  fountain ;  an  old  castle,  the 
residence  of  its  former  prince-bishops ;  a  "I 


cathedral,  &  several  other  churches,  in 
one  of  which,  Santa  Maria  Maggiore.  the 
famous  council  of  Trent  met  from  1545  to 
1563. 

Triesch,  a  market  town  of  Moravia, 
9  ni.  S.S.W.  Iglau,  with  3,200  inhabs. 

Triest,  the  principal  seaport  city  of 
the  Austrian  empire,  Illyria,  on  the 
gulf  of  Triest,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of 
the  Adriatic  sea,  73  m.  E.N  E.  Venice. 
P.  40,000.  It  consists  of  an  old  town 
built  on  the  declivity  of  a  steep  hill, 
crowned  by  a  nearly  ruined  castle,  &  en- 
closed by  old  walls  ;  &  the  new  town,  or 
Theresienstadt,  Josephstadt,  &  the  Fran- 
zenvorstadt,  bordering  the  sea  on  a  plain 
at  its  foot.  It  has  altogether  a  thriving 
appearance,  &  its  streets  are  crowded 
with  men  of  all  European  nations.  The 
city  is  partially  intersected  by  the  Maria 
Theresa  canal,  by  means  of  which  vessels 
can  load.  Triest  is  a  free  port,  &  is  for 
S.  Germany  what .  Hamburg  Is  for  N. 
Germany,  being  the  great  emporium 
for  the  trade  of  the  Austrian  empire  by 
the  Adriatic.  It  is  a  depot  for  warehous- 
ing goods  from  the  Black  sea,  Turkey,  & 
Egypt,  &  of  late  the  route  through  it  has 
been  successfully  employed  for  the  tran- 
sit of  the  overland  mails  between  Eng- 
.  land  &  India.  The  gov.  of  Trieste,  form- 
ing the  S.  &  W.  parts  of  Illyria,  compri- 
ses the  peninsula  Istria,  the  isls.  Veglia, 
Cherso,  Lossini,  &e.,  in  the  Adriatic  & 
the  valley  of  the  Isonzo.  Area,  4,055 
,sq.  m.  P.  450,000.  Principal  towns,  Tri- 
este, Goritz,  &  Pirano. — The  gulf  of  Tri- 
est is  the  head  of  the  Adriatic  sea,  E.  of 
Cape  Salvatore,  20  m.  in  length  &  in  br. 
at  its  entrance. 

Trigg,  a  S.W.co.  Ky.  Area  510  sq.  m. 
Cap.  Cadiz.    P.  10,129. 

Triggiano,  a  market  town  of  Naples, 
5  m.  S.S.E.  Bari,  &  3  m.  from  the  Adri- 
atic.    P.  3,900.- 

Trigno,  a  river  of  Naples,  after  a 
course  of  50  m."  enters  the  Adriatic. 

Trigueros,  a  town  of  Spain,  10  miles 
N.E.  Huelva.     P.  3,534. 

Thikeri,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Thcssaly,  at  the  extremity  of  a  peninsula 
in  fhegulf  of  Volu.     P.  5,000. 

Thikhala.  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, Thessaly,  37  m.  W.N.W.  Larissa. 
P. "from  10,000  to  12,000.— Tz-iAVtaZa  is  a 
name  of  the  prov.  Thessaly. — The  Tirk- 
hala  river  is  a  small  afil.  of  the  Salymp- 
ria. 

Trim,  a  market  town  of  Ireland,  Lein- 
ster,  CO.  Meath.     P.  2;269. 

Trimble,  a  N.  co.  Ky.  Area,  150  sq. 
m.    Cap.  Bedford.     P.  5,963. 


782 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHV. 


[tri 


Teimbuck,  a  "  holy  place  &  "strong 
fortress,"  of  Britisli  India,  near  the  source 
of  the  Grodavery,  80  m.  N.B.  Bombay. 

Trincomalee,  aseapt.  town  of  Ceylon, 
on  its  N.E.  coast.  The  small  town  is  at 
the  foot  of  a  rock  crowned  by  Fort- 
Frederick,  at  the  entrance  of  a  bay, 
termed  by  Nelson  "  the  finest  harbor  iq 
the  world." 

Tring,  a  market  town  of  England,  co. 
Herts.     P.  4,260. 

Teingany,  a  marit.  state  of  the  Malay 
peninsula,  extending  along  the  gulf  of 
Siam.     Estim.  p.  30,000. 

Trinidad,  the  most  S.  of  the  British 
W.  India  islands,  Windward  group,  imme- 
diately oflF  the  coast  of  S.  America,  13  m. 
E.  of  the  peninsula  Paria  Venezuela,  & 
bounding  the  gulf  of  Paria  on  the  E. 
Shape  oblong,  with  promontories  extend- 
ing from  3  of  its  corners.  L.  50  m. ;  br. 
30  m.  Area,  estim.  at  2,000  sq.  m.  P. 
60,319.  Only  l-30th  of  the  land  is  esti- 
mated to  be  under  culture,  &  the  settled 
portions  are  confined  to  the  N.W.  &  S.W. 

Trinidad,  a  river  of  Texas,  after  a  S. 
course  of  400  m.,  enters  Galveston  bay,  30 

m.  N.  Galveston. II.  a  riv.,  Colombia, 

New  Granada,  in  isthmus  of  Panama, 
which  joins  the  Chagres  about  25  miles 
from  its  mouth  in  the  Caribbean  sea.  It 
is  navigable  for  canoes  from  the  sea  to 
Capua  S.W.  Chorrera.  Its  harb.  is  fitted 
only  for  small  craft. 

Trinidade,  a  market  town  of  Brazil, 
19  m.  N.E.  Eio  de  Janeiro.     P.  4,000. 

Trinita,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Piedmont, 

9  m.  N.W.  Mondovi.     P.  2,895. II.  a 

village  of  Naples,  3  miles  E.  Sorrento. 
P.  1,500. 

Trinito,  a  market  town,  Martinique, 
16  m.  E.  St.  Pierre.     P.  5,667. 

Thing,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Sard,  dom., 
Piedmont,  11m.  S.W.  Vercelli,  near  the 
Po.     P.  ofcomm.  8,217. 

Trinomalee,  a  large  &  populous  town 
of  British  India. 

Tripatoor,  several  towns  of  British 
India,  presid.  Madras. —  Tripetty  is  a 
celebrated  Hindoo  temple,  S.  of  the 
Kistnah. 

Tripole,  a  market  town  of  Russia,  27 
miles  S.S.E.  Kiev,  on  the  Dnieper.  P. 
1,500. 

Tripoli,  the  most  E.  of  the  ^Barbary 
states,  N.  Africa,  its  dom.  comprising 
Barca,  Fezzan.  Estim.  area  of  Tripoli 
proper  (including  Sert),  100,000  sq.  m., 
&  pop.  600,000 ;  but  the  whole  dom.  is 
supposed  to  have  an  area  of  upwards  of 
200,000  sq.  m.,  &  a  pop.  of  between  IJ  & 
2  millions.     Foreign  commerce  is  mostly 


I  with  Malta,  Tunis,  &  the  Levant ;  <fc  the 
chief  trade  is  in  the  barter  of  European 
goods  for  those  of  Cent.  Africa.  Tripoli 
is  stated  to  be  the  most  civilized  of  the 
Barbary  states.  State  religion  Moham- 
medanism. Government,  since  1835,  ex- 
ercised by  a  pasha,  a  vassal  of  the  Porte. 
—  Tripoli,  the  cap.,  is  a  fortified  maritime 
city,  on  a  low  rocky  promontory  extending 
into  the  Mediterra,Dean.  P.  15,500;  viz. 
12,000  of  Turkish  descent ;  1,500  Chris- 
tians &  2,000  Jews.  It  has  a  magnificent 
triumphal  arch,  erected  in  a.d.  164,  in 
honor  of  Aurelius  Antoninus  &  Verus, 
besides  other  remains  of  antiquity.  Its 
port,  though  small,  is  secure,  &  can  ac- 
commodate frigates  drawing  18  feet 
water. —  Tripoli  Vecchia,  or  Old  Tripo- 
li, is  a  small  maritime  town,  45  miles 
W.-ward. 

Tripoli,  a  seaport  town  of  Syria,  cap. 
pash.,  on  the  Mediterranean,  at  the  foot 
of  a  spur  of  Mount  Lebanon,  &  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Kadisha,  46  m.  N.E.  Bey- 
rout.  P.  15,000.  It  is  neatly  built,  & 
surrounded  by  fine  gardens,  but  the 
marshy  character  of  its  vicinity  renders 
it  unhealthy.  The  harbor  is  sniall,  shal- 
low, &  frequently  unsafe,  but  Tripoli 
retains  some  export  trade. 

Tripolitza,  a  town  of  Greece,  Morea, 
cap.  gov.  Mantinea,  in  a  plain  3,000  feet 
above  the  sea.,  22  m.  S.W.  Argos. 

Triptis,  a  town  of  Germany,  Saxe- 
Weimar.     P.  1,480. 

Trissino,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy. 
P.  3,000. 

Tristan  d'Acunha,  the  principal  of 
a  grouj)  of  islets  in  the  S.  Atlantic. 

Triste,  an  island  of  Central  America, 
in  the  gulf  of  Terminos,  off  the  S.W.  coast 
of  Yucatan.^ — II.  (or  Pulo  Mego),  an 
islet  off  the  S.W.  coast  of  Sumatra. — The 
gulf  of  Triple  is  a  bay  of  the  Caribbean 
sea,  in  South  America,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Venezuela. 

Trith  St.  Leger,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dop.  Nord.     P.  1,799. 

Triton  Island,  most  S.  of  the  Para- 
cels,  China  sea. 

Triumpho-de-la-Cruz,  a  bay  &  group 
of  islets  of  Central  America,  on  the  N. 
coast  of  the  state  Honduras. —  Triumpho 
is  a  town  of  Brazil,  30_  miles  W.  Porto- 
Alegre.     P.  3,462. 

Trivalooh,  a  populous  town  of  British 
India,  presid.  Madras. 

Trivandeum,  a  town  of  S.  Hindostan, 
cap.  the  Travancore  dom. 

Trivento,  a  walled  town  of  Naples, 
prov.  Molise.     P.  4,000. 

Trivero,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.  Italy,  Pied- 


TEO] 


UNIVERSAL.    GAZETTEER. 


'783 


jnont,  div.  Turin,  9  m.  N.E.  BieUa.     P. 
3,500. 
Trivicary,  a  vill.  of  British  India. 
Trivigno,  a  vill.  of  Naples.    P.  2,600. 
Trochtelfingen,  a  petty  town  of  S. 
Germany,  cap.  dist.,  15  m.  N.  Sigmarin- 
gen.     P.  1,136. 

Teogen,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
&  6  m.  N.E.  Appenzell.     P.  2,400. 

Trois-Moutiers  (Les),  a  coram.  & 
market  town  of  France.     P.  1,530. 

Trois-Rivieres,    a   town   &   dist.  of 

Canada.    (Three  Rivers.) II.  amkt. 

town,  S.  coast,  isl.  Guadeloupe.     P.  3,206. 

Troitsk,  two  towns  of  Russia. 1. 

87  m.  N.W.  Penza,  on  the  Moksha.  P. 
3,500.^ II.  Asiatic  Russia,  gov.  Oren- 
burg, on  the  Ui,  70  m.  S.S.E.  Tchelibi- 
ansk.  P.  5,000  ;  2,000  Kirghis  are  said 
to  frequent  it  annually  with  their  goods. 

Troitzkoi-Monastere,  a  mkt.  town 
of  Russia,  42  miles  N.N.E.  Moscow.  P. 
7,000.  On  a  height  immediately  above 
it  is  a  vast  ecclesiastical  establishment, 
founded  in  1337,  &  the  richest  in  the 
empire,  after  that  of  Kiev. 

Teoja,  a  town  of  Naples,  15  m.  S.W. 

Foggia.  P.  5,000. II.  (anc  Vernaria), 

an  island  of  the  Mediterranean,  ofi"  the 
coast  of  Tuscany. 

Troki,  or  Novo-Trok!^  a. town  of 
Russian  Poland,  15  m.  S.W.  Vilna.  P. 
2,000. 

TrolhjEtta,  a  market  town  of  Sweden, 
8  m.  S.S.W.  Wenersborg.     P.  1,000. 

Tromoe,  an  island  of  Norway,  close 
to  the  S.  coast,  opposite  Arendal.  L.  8 
miles. 

TfiOMSOE,  a  town  of  Norway,  Finmark, 
on  the  island  Tromsoe.    P.  738. 

Trond  (St.),  a  town  of  Belgian  Lim- 
bourg.     P.  9,400. 

Trondhjem  (or  Drontheim).  a  fortfd. 
seaport  city  of  Norway,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Nid,  in  Trondbjem-fiord,  here  crossed 
by  a  wooden  bridge.  P.  12,780.— The 
Trondhjem  Fiord  extends  from  the  At- 
lantic inland  for  80  miles. — The  stift  or 
prov.  of  Trondhjem,  comprises  the  amts. 
N.  &  S.  Trondhjem,  &  Romsdal.  Area, 
19,735  sq.  m.     P.  226,355. 

Teons,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Grisons,  on  the  Rhine.     P.  800. 

Tronto,  a  river  of  Central  Italy,  Pon- 
tif.  states,  enters  the  Adriatic,  17  m.  E. 
Ascoli.     Course,  54  miles. 

Trojstzano,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Pied- 
mont.    P.  of  comm.  3,300. 

Tromoon,  or  Taruman,  a  marit.  town 
of  Sumatra,  on  its  W.  coast. 

Troon,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co. 
Ayr.    P.  1,409. 


Trope  a,  a  town  of  Naples,  12  miles 
W.S.W.  Monteleone.     P.  4,500. 

Tropez  (St.),  a  comm.  &  marit.  town 
of  France,  dep.  Var,  on  the  gulf  of  Gri- 
maud.     P.  3,327. 

Trophonius  (Cave  of),  Greece. 

Troppau,  a  fortified  town  of  Austrian 
Silesia,  on  the  Oppa,  36  m.  N.E.  Olmiitz. 
P.  with  suburbs,   11,651. 

Trosachs,  a  picturesque  valley  of 
Scotland,  co.  Perth. 

Trossingen,  a  mkt.  town  of  Wiirtem- 
berg.     P.  2,367. 

Troup,  a  W.  co.  Ga.  Area,  430  sq.  m. 
P.  16,879. 

Troway,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  Derby. 
P.  L467. 

Trowbridge,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  Wilts.  P..  11,050.  The  town  stands 
on  the  declivity  of  a  rocky  hill,  beside 
the  Wene. 

Troy,  a  ruined  city  of  Asia-Minor, 
which  has  been  rendered  famous  by  the 
Iliad  of  Homer.  Its  site  is  supposed  to 
have  been  on  a  height  at  the  S.  extremity 
of  the  Plain  of  Troy,  9  m.  S.S.E.  the  en- 
trance of  the  Hellespont  from  the  ^gean 
sea,  close  to  the  modern  vill.  Bunarbashi. 
On  that  height  are  still  some  vestiges  of 
ancient  walls  &  cisterns,  &  around  it  are 
numerous  artificial  mounds. — The  Plain 
of  Troy,  between  this  site  &  the  Helles-  > 
pont,  about  10  m.  in  length,  by  3  m.  in 
greatest  width,  is  watered  by  three  riv- 
ers, two  of  which  are  the  Simois  &  Sca- 
mander  of  antiquity. 

Troy,  a  city.  New  York,  cap.  co. 
Rensselaer,  on  ).  b.  of  the  Hudson,  here 
crossed  by  a  bridge,  6  miles  N.  Albany. 
It  stands  on  an  alluvial  flat,  k  is  regu- 
larly lai(^  out ;  streets  mostly  lined  with 
trees.  P.  28,785.  It  has  Troy  female 
institute,  &  various  other  academies  & 
literary  associations ;  manufs.  of  ma- 
chinery, ropes,  hardwares,  cutlery,  wool- 
len &  cotton  stuffs,  leather,  &  carriages; 
distilleries,  breweries,  iron-works,  &  - 
mills  ;  constant  communication  &  active 
trade  with  New  York. —  West  Troy,  a 
tnshp.,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Hud- 
son, was  incorporated  in  1836,  &  has  an 
extensive  U.  S.  arsenal,  &  a  branch  con- 
necting it  with  the  Erie  canal.    P.  7,564. 

II.  t.,  Waldo  CO.  Me.     P.  1,375. 

III.  t.,  Bradford  co.  Pa.     P.  1,664. 

IV.  p-v.,  cap.  Pike  co.  Ala.     P.  100. 

V.  p-v.,  cap.  Obion  co.  Tenn. VI. 

t.,  cap.  Miami  CO.  0.     P.  1,351. VII. 

t.,  Athens  CO.  0.     P.  1,056. VIII.  t., 

Geauga  co.  0.    P.  1,203. IX.  t.,  Rich- 
land CO.  0.     P.  1,939. X.   p-v.,  cap. 

Perry  co.  la. XI.  t.,  Fountain  co.  la. 


784 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[tuc 


p.  1 J19. XII.  t.,  Oakland  co.  Mich. 

P.  1,482. XIII.  p-v.,  cap.  Lincoln  co. 

Mo.     P.  350. 

Troyes,  a  town  &  city  of  France,  c:ii). 
dep.  Aube,  on  the  Seine,  87  in.  E.S.E. 
Paris...  P.  24,702.  It  has  a  fine  cathe- 
dral, an  elegant  town-house,  a  comm. 
college  &  library  of  50,000  vols.,  &  a 
museum.  Troyes  was  cap.  of  the  old 
prov.  Champagne  A  treaty  was  con- 
cluded here  in  1420,  conferring  the  crown 
of  France  on  the  king  of  England. 

Trschemesno,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Poland,  between  lakes,  42  m.  E.N.E.  Po- 
sen.     P.  3,182. 

Tksztenna,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.  Hun- 
gary.    P.  3,050. 

True,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant.  & 
20  m.  E.  Bern.     P.  2,700. 

Trobau,  two   towns   of  the    Austrian 

dom. 1.  Moravia,    28  m.  W.N.W.  01- 

miitz.     P.  3,100. II.    Bohemia,  7  m. 

N.E.  Leitomischl.     P.  2,600. 

Thltbej,  two  rivers  of  Russia. 1,  an 

arm  of  the  Oka,  gov.  &  N.  Riazan. — —II. 
joins  the  Dnieper  after  a  S.  course  of  80 
miles. 

TrubtchevsK,  a  town  of  Russia,  88 
miles  W.S.W.  Orel,  on  the  Desna.  P. 
4,000. 

Trumbull,  a  co  ,  in  N.E.  part  of  Ohio, 
cap.  Warren.     Area,  875  sq.  m.     P.  30,- 

490. II.  a  tnshp.,   Connecticut,  5  m. 

N.  Bridgeport.     P.  1,204. 

Truro,  a  pari.  &  munic.  bor.  &  seaport 
town  of  Engl.,  co.  Cornwall.  P.  42,270. 
The  t.,  in  a  hollow  surrounded  by  hills, 
is  the  largest  in  the  co. 

Truro,    town,    Barnstable   co.   Mass. 

P   1,920. II.  t.,    Franklin  co.  0.     P. 

1,013. 

Truxillo,  a  city  of  Spain,  prov.  &  23 
m.  E.  Caceres,  &  on  the  high  road  from 
Madrid  to  Irisbon.     P.  5,212. 

Truxillo,  a  town  of  N.  Peru,  cap. 
prov.,  near  the  coast  of  the  Pacific  ocean. 
P.  6,000.     It  was  founded  by  Pizarro  in 

1535. II.    a   city  of  Venezuela,  dep. 

Zuila,  cap.  prov.  P.  4,000.  It  was  for- 
merly the  handsomest  town  in  this  part 
of  S.  America,  &  early  in  the  present 
century  it  had  12,000  inhabs. — —III.  a 
seaport  town  of  Central  America,  state 
Honduras,  cap.  dep.,  on  the  Caribbean 
sea,  &  the  Mosquito  frontier.  P.  4,500. 
Its  harbor,  on  the  bay  of  Truxillo,  is  de- 
fended by  several  forts. 

Truxton,  a  township,  N.  Y.,  Cortland 
CO.     P.  3,658. 

Tryberg,  a  town  of  Baden.    P.  1,114. 
TsANG  &    TsAo,   numerous  cities  & 
towns  of  China. 


TsANTA,  a  fortified-  city  of  China,  50 
m.  N.E.  Bhanio. 

TscHEENEMBEL,  a  town  of  lUyria, 
Carniola.     P.  1,000. 

TscHERNowiTz,  a  town  of  Austrian 
Poland.     P.  12,000. 

TsE-KEE,  a  town  of  China. 
TsE-TCHOU,  a  city  of  China,  40  m.  N. 
the  river  Hoang-ho. 

TsHussovAJA,  a  river  of  the  Russian 
dom.,  rises  50  m.  S.S.W.  Ekaterinburg, 
flows  N.  <fc  W.,  &  joins  the  Kama. 

TsiAMPA,  a  small  state  of  S.E.  Asia. 
Chief  town,  Nha-trang. 

TsiEN,  a  prefixed  name  of  many  towns 
in, China. 

Tsi-NAN,   a  city  of  China,  on   1.  b.  of 
Ta-tsin  riv.,  100  m.  from  the  gulf  of  Chi-'li. 
TsiN-TcHOU,  two  cities  of  China,  caps, 
ofdeps. 

TsiuEN-TcHOu,  a  maritime  city  of 
China,  30  m.  N.E.  Amoy. 

TsiTSiKAR,  a  town  of  Manchooria, 
near  the  border  of  Mongolia. 

TsKHiNvALi,  a  town  of  Russian  Trans- 
causia,  55  m.  N.W.  Teflis. 

TsuNG-MiNG,  an  island  of  China,  off" 
the  W.  coast,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Yang- 
tse-kiang.    L.  36  m.,  br.  10  m. 

TsuN-HOA  &  TsuN-Y,  two  oities  of 
China.- 

TsusiMA,  an  island  of  Japan,  in  the 
strait  of  Corea.  L.  45  m.,  br.  12  m. — 
Tsutsi-  Yamma  &  Tsuva  are  other  isls. 
of  Japan,  of  much  less  size. 

Tsu-YuNG,  a  city  of  China,  70  m.  AV. 
Yun-nan. 

TuA,  a  river  of  Portugal,  joins  the 
Douro,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  70  m. 

TuAM,  an  episcopal  town  of  Ireland, 
CO.  &  19  m.  N.N.E.  G-alway,  "on  the 
Clare.  P.  6,034.  The  town  consists  of 
5  principal  streets,  mkt.-place,  &  some 
squalid  straggling  thoroughfares. 
TuAT,  an  ttasis  Cent.  Africa,  Sahara. 
TuBAi  &  Tubuai-Manu,  two  of  the 
Society  isls.  in  the  Pacific  ocean. 

Tubbus    &   Tubbeban,  two  towns  of 

Persia. 1.  Khorasssin,   160    m.    N.E. 

Yezd. II.  prov.  &  100  m.  N.N.E.  Kir- 
man. 

Tubingen,  a  walled  town  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  on  the  Neckar.     P.  7,500. 

Tubize,  a  rakt.  town  of  Belgium,  13 
m.  S.S.W.  Brussels. 

Tubnah,  a  town  of  Algeria,  120  m.S.W. 
Constantino. 

TucHAN,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Aude,  25  m.  S.W.  Narbonne. 
P.  1,220. 

TucHEL,  a  town  of  W.  Prussia,  15  m- 
S.E.  Conitz.    P.  1,885. 


tun] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


"785 


TucoviA,  an  island  of  the  New  Heb- 
rides, Pacific  ocean. 

TucuMAN,  a  dep.  of  the  Plata  confed., 
having  E.  the  Grim-Chaco,  one  of  the 
vast  iiiterioi-  plains  of  S.  America.  Estim. 

p.  44,000. II.  San  Miguel  cle  Tucu- 

man,  the  cap.  dep.,  is  on  a  tributary  of 
the  Medinas,  94  m.  N.W.  Santiago  del 
Estero.     P.  from  8,000  to  12,000. 

TuDELA,  a  city  of  Spain,  prov.  N"avar- 
r.i,  on  the  Ebro,  here  crossed  by  a  stone 
bridge  of  17  arches,  52  m.  N.W.  Zarago- 
za.  P.  6,790.  The  celebrated  Rabbi 
Benjamin  Jonah  (Benj.  of  Tudela),  was 
born  here  in  the  12lh  century.  On  the 
23d  of  Nov.  1P08,  the  French  here  gained 
a  complete  victory  over  the   Spaniards. 

-11.  {de  Duero),  a  town,  prov.  <&  6  m. 

E.S.E.  Valladolid. 

TuFFE,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Sarthe.     P.  1,792. 

TuFTONBOROUGH,  t.,  Carroll  eo.  N.  H. 
P.  1,281. 

TuGHLicKABAD,  a  fortified  town  of 
British  India,  presid.  Bengal. 

TuivROv,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russian  Po- 
land, gov.  Podolia,  on  the  Bug. 

TuKUM,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Cour- 
land,  38  m.  W.  Riga.     P.  2,800. 

Tula,  a  gov.  of  European  Russia, 
nearly  in  its  centre.  Area,  11,674  sq.m. 
P.  1,227,000.— Tii/a,  the  cap.,' is  an  im- 
portant manufacturing  town  on  the  Upa, 
105  m:  S.  Moscow.  P.  35,000.  It  is  the 
"  Sheffield  &  Birmingham"  of  Russia,  & 
has  a  fine  appearance.  In  its  arms-fac- 
tory, about  70,000  muskets  &  50,000 
swords  are  made  annually,  besides  oar- 
bines,  pistols,  bayonets,  &c. ;  7,000  men  & 
9,600  women  are  employed,  exclusive  of 
3,500  other  hands  in  subsidiary  occupa- 
tions. 

Tula,  a  town  of  N.  America,  confed., 
dep.  &  40  m.  N.N.W.  Mexico,  &  the  anc. 

cap.  of  the  Toltecs. II.  a  river  of  the 

Chinese  empire,  Khalkas  country,  joins 
the  Orkhon.     L.  200 m. 

Tulang-Bavang,  a  river  &  town  of 
Sumatra;  the  river  enters  the  sea  of 
Java  after  an  E.  course  of  100  m. 

Tulbagh,  a  vill.  of  the  Cape  Colony, 
S.  Africa. 

TuiiJA,  a  river  of  the  Mexican  confed., 
dep.  Tabasco. 

Tulla',  a  town  of  Arabia,  dist.  Yemen. 

Tulla,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  CO.  Clare.     P.  1,217. 

TuLLAMOEE,  an  inland  town  of  Irel., 
Leinster,  cap.  King's  co.,  on  an  affl.  of 
the  Clodagh,  &  on  the  Grand  Canal,  in 
the  centre  of  the  bog  of  Allen,  50  miles 
m.  W.S.W.  Dublin.     P.  6,342.' 


Tulle,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
cap.  dep.  Corr^ze,  on  the  Correze.  P. 
7,608. 

Tullins,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Isere,  13  m.  N.W.  Grenoble. 
P.  2,365. 

Tulln,  a  -walled  town  of  Lower  Aus- 
tria, 17  m.  N.W.  Vienna.     P.  1,788. 

TuLLOW.,  a  market  town  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  co.  Dublin.     P.  3,097. 

TuLLY,  township,  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  1,559. 

TuLMARO,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  Ven- 
ezuela.    P.  8,000. 

TuLPEHOCKEN,  a  township  of  Penn., 
CO.  Berks.     P.  1,581. 

TuLTCHA,  or  TuLDJA,  a  town  of  Euro- 
pean Turkey,  near  the  N.  extremity  of 
Bulgaria. 

TuLTSCHiN,  two  market  towns  of  Rus- 
sian Poland. 1,  on  the  Bug.    P.  1,800. 

II.  14  m.  N.E.  Rovno. 

TuLUMBA,  a  large  &  populous  town  of 
the  Punjab,  neiir  the  Ravee. 

TuMAco,  or  GoRGONiLLA,  an  isl.  of  S. 
Amer.,  off  W.  coast  of  Ecuador. 

TuMAT,  a  river  of  Central  Africa,  S. 
Nubia,  joins  the  Bahr-el-Azrek. 

TuMBALA,  a  vill.  of  the  Mexican  con- 
fed., stale  Chiapas,  70  m.  E.N.E.  Ciudad- 
Real. 

TuMBELAN  Islands,  a  group  of  the 
Asiatic  archipelago.  Principal  isl.,  Tum- 
belan,  5  m.  in  length. 

TuMBEz,  a  small  town  of  S.  America, 
Ecuador,  dep.  Assuay. 

TuBiBO  Island,  one  of  the  isles  de  Los, 
W.  Africa. 

TuMLOOK,  a  town  of  British  India. 

TuNBRiDGE,  a  market  town  of  Engl., 
eo.  Kent,  on  the    Medvvay.     P.  28,560. 

II.   a  township.  Orange  co.  Vt.   32 

m.  S.S.E.  Montpelier.     P.  1,811. 

TuNBRiDGE  Wells,  a  market  town  & 
watering-place  of  Engl.,  cos.  Kent  &  Sur- 
rey.    P.  8,303. 

Tung,  a  prefixed  name  of  many  towns 
of  China. 

TuNGAHAGUA,  the  river  Amazon,  in 
the  .upper  part  of  its  course  in  N.  Peru. 

Tung-Chang,  a  city  of  China,  near 
the  Grand  canal,  50  miles  S.W.  Tsi-nan. 
It  is  large,  populous,  &  has  a  flourishing 
trade.  Amongst  its  public  edifices  is  aa 
octagon  tower  of  8  stories,  faced  with 
porcelain. —  Tung-Citing,  T.-C'hoiv,  T.- 
Yang, &e.,  are  the  names  of  Chinese 
cities  &  towns  of  minor  importance. 

TuNGUsKA,  three  rivers  of  Siberiii, 
tributary  to  the  Yenisei. 

Tunica,  a  N.W.  co.  Miss.  Area.,  600 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Peyton.    P.  1,314. 


1'8Q 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY, 


[tur 


Tunis,  a  beylik  or  regency  of  N". 
Africa,  having  W.  Algeria,  S.  &  S.E.  the 
Greater  Atlas  &  Tripoli,  N.  &  E.  the 
Mediterranean  sea.  Area  roughly  esti- 
mated at  72,000  sq.  m.,  &  p.  at  between 
two  &  two  &  a  half  millions.  Govern- 
ment exercised  by  an  hereditary  bey, 
nominally  tributary  to  the  Turkish  sul- 
tan, by  whom  he  is  confirmed  in  his  rule, 
&  assisted  by  a  divan  of  37  members. 
His  rev.  is  estimated  at  1,600,000Z.  an- 
nually, but  double  this  sum  is  annually 
raised  by  taxation,  customs,  &c.,  the  res- 
idue being  retained  by  the  collectors. 
Armed  force  50,000  men.  Naval  force 
consists  of  a  corvette,  some  smaller  ves- 
sels, &  about  32  gun  boats.  Besides 
Tunis,  the  cap.,  the  chief  towns  are  Susa, 
Hammamet,  Bizerta,  Sfax,  Cabes,  Mon- 
astir,  Gafsa,  Kairwan,  Zeughwan,  & 
Beja. —  Tunis  (anc.  Tunes),  the  cap.,  is 
situated  on  the  W.  side  of  the  gulf  of 
Tunis,  &  separated  from  the  gulf  by  the 
lake  of  Tunis.  P.  estim.  from  100,000  to 
150,000,  of  whom  30,000  are  Jews.  It 
stands  on  rising  ground,  encircled  by  a 
double  line  of  walls,  the  outer  of  which, 
enclosing  several  suburbs,  is  5  m.  in  cir- 
cuit. On  a  height  W.-ward  is  the  citadel, 
&  on  other  adjacent  heights  are  various 
outworks.  Houses  of  stone,  but  mean; 
streets  narrow  &  filthy. — The  gulf  of 
Tunis,  an  inlet  of  the  Mediterranean, 
extends  inland  for  30  m.,  between  capes 
Bon  &  Farina.  Breadth  at  entrance  45 
m.  It  everywhere  affords  good  anchor- 
age in  from  4  to  10  fathoms  water. — The 
lagoon  of  Tunis  is  a  shallow  lake  com- 
municating on  its  E.  side  with  the  gulf 
of  Tunis  by  the  Goletta,  a  short  &  narrow 
strait.  Length  12  miles;  breadth  5 
miles. 

TuNJAj  a  town  of  S.  America,  New 
Granada,  cap.  dep.  Boyaca,  on  a  high 
table-land,  70  m.  N.N.E.  Bogota.  P. 
7,000.  On  its  N.N.W.  side  are  mineral 
springs,  &  near  it,  in  1819,  was  fought 
the  battle  of  Boyaca,  in  which  the  Span- 
iards were  routed  by  Bolivar. 

TuNKAT,  a  town  of  Independent  Tur- 
kestan, khanat  Khokan. 

TuNKHANNOCK,  a  township  of  Penn., 
on  the  Tunkhannock,  22  miles  N.N.W. 
Wilkesbarre.     P.  1,933. 

TuNKiNSK,  a  small  town  of  Siberia, 
110  m.  S.W.  Irkutsk. 

TuNSTALL-CouRT,  a  mkt.  town,  Engl., 
CO.  Staflford.     P.  6,978. 

TuNUYAN,  a  river  of  S.  Amer.,  Plata 
eonfed.,  dep.  Mendoza,  after  an  E.course 
of  200  m. 

TuPAERO,  a  river  of  S.  America,  New 


Granada,  joins  the  Orinoco,  after  an  E. 
course  of  200  m. 

TuPizA,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  140  m.  S. 
Sucre.     P.  5,000. 

TupoA  Urry,  an  island.  Pacific  ocean. 

TupuNGATO,  one  of  the  Chilian  Andes, 
45  m.  E.  Santiago.  Estimated  height 
20,000  feet. 

TuRA,  a  market  town  of  W.  Hungary, 
CO.  Neutra.  P.  6,488. — —II.  a  river  of 
W.  Siberia,  joins  the  Tobol,  70  m.  S.S.W. 
Tobolsk,  after  a  S.  course  of  300  m. 

TuEABOo,  one  of  the  Society  islands  in 
the  Pacific  ocean.     Estim.  p.  2,000. 

TuEANGA,  or  Poverty  Bay,  an  inlet 
on  the  E.  coast  of  New  Zealand,  N.  isl., 
extending  inland  for  10  m.,  with  a  cir- 
cular basin.     Br.  at  entrance,  8  m. 

TuRBACo,  an  Indian  vill.  of  S.  Amer., 
New  Granada,  12  m.  S.E.  Cartagena. 

TuRBENTHAL,  a  viU.  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  &  16  miles  E.N.E.  Ziirich,  on  the 
Toss.     P.  2,250. 

TuRBUT,  a  town  of  Persia,  60  miles  S. 
Meshed. -II.  a  tnshp.,  Northumber- 
land CO.  Penn.     P.  3,872. 

TuRCKHEiM,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Rhin.     P.  2,843. 

TuRENNE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Corr^ze,  7  m.  S.S.E.  Brive.    P.  1,876. 

TuRETz,  a  market  town  of  Russian 
Poland.     P.  1,550. 

TuHFAN,  a  town  of  Chinese  Turkestan, 

180  miles  W.  Khamil. II.  an  active 

volcano  in  a  mntn.  chain  N.  this  town. 

TuRi,   a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  Bari, 

18  m.  S.S.E.   Bari.,    P.  3,600. II.  a 

town  of  Brazil,  40  m.  N.N.W.  Guimarens. 
P.  5,000. 

TuRiA,  a  river  of  Spain.    [Guadala- 

VIAR.] 

Turin,  the  cap.  city  of  the  Sard,  dom., 
N.  Italy,  Piedmont,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Po, 
79  miles  W  S.W.  Milan.  P.  72,469,  but 
with  suburbs,  &e.,  117,072,  exclusive  of 
a  garrison  of  6,820  men.  It  is  4  m.  in 
circumference,  &  though  formerly  forti- 
fied, is  now  an  open  city,  in  a  rich  & 
well-watered  plain  studded  with  villas. 
It  is  approached  by  4  fine  planted  roads, 
&  regularly  built,  with  elegant  houses. 
The  cathedral,  a  Gothic  structure,  was 
formerly  very  wealthy  in  plate  &  jewels, 
which  Napoleon  sold,  &  applied  the  pro- 
ceeds to  embank  &  build  the  bridge  over 
the  Po  ;  university,  with  five  faculties, 
whieh  had  in  1852,  42  professors,  1,120 
students,  &  a  library  of  110,000  vols.; 
royal  academy  of  sciences  with  a  very 
rich  collection  of  Egyptian  antiquities,  ^ 
medals,  minerals,  &  natural  history;  nn 
arsenal,  observatory,  &  royal  academy 


tub] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


181 


of  painting. II.  a  township,  Lewis  co. 

N.  Y.,  110  m.  N.W.  Albany.     P.  1,826. 

TuRiNSK,  a  town  of  Siberia,  140  miles 
"VV.S.W.  Tobolsk,  on  the  Tura.    P.  2,000. 

TuHiNSK  (NiJNii,  &  Yerknii),  two 
contiguous  towns  of  Asiatic  Kussia,  E. 
the  Ural  mountains. 

TuRis,  or  TuRRis,  a  vill.  of  Spain,  20 
m.  W.S.W.  Valencia.    P.  3,900. 

TuRisK,  a  market  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  on  tiie  Turija,  10  m.  S.W.  Kovel. 

TuRivicARY,  a  fortfd.  town  of  S.  I|ndia. 

Turkestan,  a  region  occupying  the 
centre  of  Asia. 

Turkestan  (Chinese),  called  also 
Thian-Shan  &  Little  Bucharia,  an 
extensive  region  forming  the  W.  portion 
of  the  Chinese  empire,  &  including  i)zoun- 
garia,  comprised  between  lat.  3U°  &  50° 
N.,  &  Ion.  22°  30'  &  100°  E.,  surrounded 
by  Mongolia,  the  Ko-ko-nor  country, 
Tibet,  W.  Siberia,  &  the  table-land  of 
Pamir.  Area  &  p.  uncertain,  as  it  is 
little  known  to  Europeans.  It  is  an 
elevated  table-land,  traversed  by  several 
Irofty  mountain  chains,  &  watered  by 
rivers  which  terminate  in  extensive^  salt 
lakes.  Much  of  its  surface  forms  "part 
of  the  desert  of  Gobi.  It  was  conquered 
in  1758  by  the  Chinese,  but  their  rule 
here  has  been  repeatedly  disturbed. 

Turkestan  (Independent),  a  region 
of  Ceutral  Asia,  between  lat.  31°  &  50° 
N.,  &  Ion.  51°  &  75°  E.,  having  E.  the 
Pamir  table-land,  N.  Western  Siberia, 
W.  the  Caspian  sea,  &  S.  Persia  &  AfF- 
ghanistan.  iilstim.  area,  720,800  sq.  m., 
&  p.  about  four  millions. 

Turkestan,  a  town  of  Central  Asia, 
220  m.  N.N.W.  Khokan. 

Turkey-Foot,  a  tnshp.,  Somerset  co. 
Penn.,  15  m.  S.W.  Bedford.     P.  1,422. 

Turkey,  properly  the  Ottosian  Em- 
pire, a  vast  countrj'  occupying  the  S.E. 
part  of  Europe  &  the  W.  of  Asia,  &  com- 
prising, at  least  nominally,  the  Hedjaz  in 
Arabia ;  Egypt,  Nubia,  &  the  beyliks 
of  Tripoli  &  Tunis  in  Africa ;  cap.  Con- 
stantinople. The  budget  of  the  Turkish 
empire  shows  a  revenue  of  750,000,000 
Turkish  piastres,  say  $35,000,000,  &  about 
an  equal  expenditure. 

Turkey  in  Europe  extends  between 
lat.  39°  &  48°  20'  N..  &  Ion.  15°  40'  & 
29°  30'  E. ;  bounded  E.  by  the  Black  sea ; 
S.  by  Greece,  the  archipelago,  &  the  sea 
of  Marmora  ;  W.  by  Austria,  the  Adriatic, 
&  the  Ionian  sea ;  &  N.  by  Austria  & 
Russia.  Most  of  the  surface  is  an  undu- 
lating region  of  hills  &  valleys,  mountains 
&  table-lands,  of  little  elevation  ;  but  it 
is  traversed  in  the  centre  from  E.  to  W. 


by  an  extensive  mntn.  chain.  Turkey 
is  watered  by  numerous  rivers,  the  chief 
of  which  are  the  Danube,  &  its  afiBs. 
Area,  189,920  sq.  miles.  P.  6,808,000. 
Largest  lakes  are  those  of  Ochrida  & 
Scutari  in  the  W.  The  climate  Is  more 
severe  than  might  be  supposed  from  the 
geographical  position  of  the  country.  A 
great  portion  of  Turkey  is  covered  with 
forests  ;  the  best  oak  grows  in  Servia  & 
Lo^s'er  Bosnia  ;  the  largest  forests  of  fir 
&  pine  occur  In  Bosnia  &  Upper  Croatia. 
The  olive  thrives  In  the  maritime  plains 
of  Albania,  where  also  the  orange  & 
citron  are  cultivated.  The  vine  grows  in 
S.  Turkey,  Herzegovina,  &  Servia,  at  an 
elevation  of  from  1,400  to  2,000  feet. 
Agricultural  operations  are  conducted  In 
the  rudest  manner,  &  only  a  small  por- 
tion of  the  country  is  cultivated.  Manufs. 
are  almost  entirely  domestic.  Shawls  are 
made  only  in  the  Asiatic  provs.,  especially 
at  Damascus.  Carpets  wrought  by  hand 
in  the  style  of  the  Gobelins  tapestry  are 
extensively  munufictured  in  Bulgaria,  & 
in  Servia.  T^anneries  are  numerous ; 
embroidery  Is  carried  on  by  the  females 
in  the  S.  provs.  Distilleries  of  brandy 
from  prunes  are  common  throughout  all 
the  country.  Commerce  is  almost  entirely 
in  the  hands  of  Greeks,  Armenians,  & 
Jews. 

Turkey  in  Asia  extends  betw.  lat. 30° 
&  42°  N.,  &  Ion.  26°  to  48°  E. ;  bounded 
E.  by  Persia,  S.  by  the  Persian  gulf  & 
Arabia,  W.  by  the  Mediterranean,  N. 
by  the  sea  of  Marmora  &  the  Black  sea, 
&  N.E.  by  Russia ;  &  comprises,  in  the 
archip.,  the  isls.  Mitylene,  Sclo,  Samos, 
Nlcaria,  Patmos,  Cos,  Rhodes,  &  Scar- 
panto,  with  Cyprus  in  the  Mediterranean. 
The  Turks,  originally  from  Turkestan, 
founded,  at  diiferent  times,  several  em- 
pires in  Asia.  At  Ihe  end  of  the  13th 
century,  Osman,  or  Othman,  one  of  their 
emirs  or  princes,  established  the  present 
empire  in  Asia- Minor.  The  Turks  in- 
vaded Europe  at  the  end  of  the  14th  cent., 
&  conquered  successively  their  present 
provinces  ;  they  took  Constantinople  in 
1453.  In  the  16th  century  their  domin- 
ion extended  in  Europe  over  the  whole 
of  Greece,  part  of  Hungary,  the  Crimea, 
&  the  shores  of  the  Black  sea ;  &  the 
whole  of  the  countries  now  forming  Tur- 
key in  Asia,  the  Hedjaz,  Egypt,  &  the 
regencies  of  Tripoli,  Tunis,  &,  Algiers, 
were  subjugated  by  them.  But  since  the 
17th  century,  their  power  has  greatly 
declined.  The  Turks,  who  call  them- 
selves Osmanlls,  from  Osman,  number 
about   l-3d  of  the  pop.  in  Eutopean  & 


188 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GKOGRAPHY. 


[tut 


Asiatic  Turkey.  The  emperor,  who  is 
styled  sultan  or  grand  signor,  is  regarded 
as  absolute  sovei-eign  of  the  state,  &  Su- 
pi-eine  Pontiff.  The  provs.  are  placed 
under  pashas,  whose  authority  is  exer- 
cised with  great  caprice,  &.  is  frequently 
most  oppressive.  Sevl.  towns  &  small 
coiumunities  form  a  species  of  republics 
in  the  middle  of  this  despotic  state. 
Area,  437,000  sq.  m.     P.  10,000,000. 

TuRKHEiM,  a  mkt.  town  of  Bavaria, 
circ.  Swabia,  on  the  Wertnch.  P.  1,494. 
—  Ober  &  TJnter  Turkheim  are  contigu- 
ous vills.  of  Wiirtemberg.  United  pop. 
3,000. 

Turk's  Island,  British  W.  Indies,  the 
most  S.B.of  the  Bahamas. 

TuHNA,  a  fortified  town  of  Wallachia, 
on  the  Danube. 

TuHNAu,  a  walled  town  of  Bohemia, 
circ.  Bunzlau,  on  the  Iser.     P.  4,500. 

TuHNEFF,  a  group  of  islets  in  the  Ca- 
ribbean sea,  near  the  coast  of  British 
Honduras. 

Turner,  a  township,  Oxford  eo.  Maine, 
3  m.  W.S.AV.  Augusta.     P.  2,479. 

TuRNHOUT,  a  town  of  Belgium,  25  m. 
E.  Antwerp,  cap.  arrond.,  in  a  wide 
heath.     P.  13,250. 

TuRON,  a  t.  of  Anam,    Further  India, 
on  a  river,  near  its  mouth  in  a,  fine  bay. 
TuRON,  a  vill.  of  Spain,   54  m.   S.E. 
Grenada.    P.  2,655. 

TuRovo,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Minsk,  60  m.  W.  Pinsk.     P.  2,000. 

TuRHAH,  a  town  of  W.  Hindostan,  com- 
prising 2,500  houses. 

TuRRi,  a  vill.  of  the  isl.  Sardinia. 

II.  a  vill.  of  Naples,  near  the  Pescara. 

Turriff,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  Aber- 
deen.    P.  1,309. 

TuRRiTANO,  a  river  of  the  island  Sar- 
dinia, div.  Sassari,.  after  a  genl.  N.N.W. 
course  of  about  35  m.,  enters  the  Med- 
iterranean. 

TuRSHiz,  a  t.  of  Persia,  76  m.  S.S.W. 
Mushed. 

TuRsi,  an  episcop.  city  of  Naples,  prov. 
Basilic.ata.     P.  3,900. 

Turtle  (Bay),  W.  coast  of  Africa, 
Lower  Guinea,  Benguela,  is  N.  Little- 
fish  bay. — {Creek),  Penn.,  flows  into  the 
Monongahela  river. —  {Island),  Feejee 
group.  Pacific  ocean.  —  {Islands),  W. 
Africa,  W.  the  island  Sherboro.— Also  a 
group  of  islets  in  the  sea  of  Banda. — 
{Lake),  U.  States,  near  the  source  of  the 
Mississippi.  —  {Point),  a  headland,  N. 
Australia.  —  {River),  U.  States,  is  an 
affluent  of  the  Upper  Mississippi. 

TuRTUKAi,  a  town  &  fort  of  European 
Turkey,  Bulgaria. 


TuRUKHANSK,  a  town  of  N.  Siberia,  on 
the  Yenisei. 

TuKYAssu,  a  river  of  Brazil,  separates 
the  pruvs.  Maranhan  &  Para,  &  enters 
tbe  Atlantic  at  the  bay  of  Turyassu,  after 
a  N.W.  course  of  350  miles. 

TusA,  a  town  of  Sicily,  near  its  N. 
coast.     P.  4,000. 

TusAPAN,  a  ruined  city  of  the  Mexi- 
can confed.,  state  Vera  Cruz.  Here  is  a 
pyramid,  30  ft.  square  at  its  base. 

Tuscaloosa,  a  city,  cap.  state  Ala-, 
bama,  on  the  Tuscaloosa,  an  afiluent  of 
the  Tombigbee,  at  the  head  of  its  steam 
navig.,  67  m.  N.N.W.  Cahawba.  P.  2,916. 
Streets  broad,  with  handsome  state-house 
&  other  buildings.  About  I  mile  E.  ia 
the  university  of  Ala. — The  co.,  Tusca- 
loosa, has  an  area  of  1,350  sq.  m.  P. 
18,056. 

Tuscany  (Grand  Duchy  of),  ancient 
Etruria,  a  state  of  Cent.  Italy,  bounded 
N.E.  &  S.  by  the  Pohtif.  sta.,  &  W.  by 
Sardinia  &  the  Mediterr.,  &  having  be- 
yond Tuscany-proper  three  separate  dis- 
tricts.  1.   Barga,  in  the  valley  of  the 

Upper  Serchio. II.  Versilia,  a  dist.  of 

Pietrasanta,  between  the  Mediterranean 

&   Lucca. III.  the  grand  duchy  of 

Lunigiana,  composed  of  fragmentary 
portions  of  territory  in  the  doms.  of  Sa- 
voy, Parma,  &  Modena;  the  island  of 
Elba  &  the  small  island  Giglio  in  the 
Mediterr.  Cap.  Florence.  Area,  9,177 
sq.  m.  P.  1,786,875.  Tuscany  has  long 
been  considered  the  most  enlightened  & 
flourishing  state  in  Italy.  Public  in- 
struction is  widelj-  diffused,  &  its  dialect 
is  considered  the  purest  Italian.  Pisa, 
Sienna,  &  Florence  are  the  seats  of  uni- 
versities. The  army  comprises  5,500 
men  ;  navy,  3  schooners  &  2  gun-boats. 

Tuscarawas,  a  co.,  Ohio,  in  its  B. 
part,  watered  by  the  Tuscarawas,  an  affl. 
of  the  Muskingum,  cap.  New  Philadelp'a. 

Area,  655  sq.  miles.     P.  31,761. II.  a 

township,  Ohio,  co.  Stark.     P.  1,792. 
TuscARORA,  town,  mts.,  &  creek.  Pa. 
TuscoBA,  unorganised  co.  Mich. 
TuscuMBiA,    a  vill.,   Alabama,  60  m. 
W.    Huntsville.      P.    2,000.     A  railway 

connects   it  with   Decatur. II.   p-v., 

cap.  Miller  co.  Mo. 

TusKEGEE,  p-v.,  cap.  Macon  co.  Ga. 
Tuspan,  a   small  marit.  town   of  the 
Mexican  confed.,  dep.  &   145  miles  N.W. 
Vera  Cruz,  on  a  river  5  m.  from  the  gulf 
of  Mexico.     P.  1,000. 

Tusteren,  an  island  oiF  the  W.  coast 
of  Norway.  ^  L.  12  m.,  br.  6  m. 

Tutbury,  a  vill.  of  Engl.,  co.  Stafford. 
P.  1,835.    In  the   ruined  castle,  once  a 


ttr] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


789 


seat  of  the  Mercian  kings,  &  afterwarda 
of  the  earls  &  dukes  of  Lancaster,  Mary 
Queen  of  Soots  wns  confined  in  1569-70, 
&  from  1584  to  1586. 

TuTicoRiN,  a  uiiiiit.  town  of  British 
India,  presid.  Aladras. 

TuTTLiNGEN,  a  towQ  of  Wiirtembcrg, 
on  the  Danube.     P.  5,160. 

TuTuiLA,  an  island  of  the  Pacific  0., 
lat.  14°  19'  N.,  Ion.  170°  37'  W.,  length 
17  m.,  br.  5  m.  Estim.  p.  8,000.  Sur- 
face mountiiinous,  &  Matafoa  is  a  peak 
2,327  feet  above  the  sea. 

TuxFORD,  a  market  town  of  England, 
22  m.  N.N.E.  Nottingham.     P.  1,079. 

TuY,  a  walled  frontier  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  &  27  miles  S.S.E.  Pontevedra.  P. 
4,212. II.  a  river  of  S.  Amer.,  Vene- 
zuela, flows  E.-ward,  &  enters  the  Carib- 
bean sea.,  60  miles  E.  Caracas.  Total 
course  90  m. 

Tuz-GrHiEUL  (GoL,  or  Chou),  a  large 
salt  lake  of  Asia-BIinor.  L.  45  m.,  br. 
varies  to  16  m. 

Tuz-GuL,  a  lake  of  the  Chinese  em- 
pire, Dzoungaria.  L.  E.  to  W.  90  m.,  br. 
30  m. 

TuzKUEMATY,  a  large  viU.  of  Turkish 
Kurdistan. 

Tver,  a  gov.  of  Eussia.  Area,  25,988 
sq.  m.  P.  1,327,700.  Principal  towns, 
Tver,  the  cap.,  Eshev,  Torshok,  Ostash- 
kov,  &,  Vishnii-Volotchok. —  Tver,  the 
cap.,  is  situated  on  the  Volga,  here  cross- 
ed by  a  wooden  bridge,  550  ft.  in  length, 
&  joined  by  the  Tvertza,  90  miles  N.W. 
Moscow.  P.  24,000.  Since  its  almost 
total  destruction  by  fire  in  1763,  it  has 
been  rebuilt  with  much  regularity. 

Tvertza,  a  river  of  Russia,  gov.  Tver, 
after  a  S.E.  course  of  110  miles,  joins  the 
Volga. 

Tweed,  a  riv.  of  Scotland  &  England, 
which  drains  almost  all  the  E.  portion  of 
the  Scottish  lowlands.  Enters  the  N.  sea 
at  Berwick,  after  a  course  of  95  m.,  in 
which  it  traverses  a  basin  estimated  at 
1,870  sq.  m.,  or  larger  than  that  of  any 

other  Scottish  river,  except  the  Tay. 

II.  E.  Australia,  New  South  Wales, 

CO.  Rous,  enters  the  Pacific  0. 

TwEEDDALE,  popular  name  of  Pee- 
bles-shire. 

TwEEDMOUTH,  a  pa.  &  vill.  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Durham,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Tweed. 
P.  5,202. 

TwELLO,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands,  3 
m.  W.  Deventer.     P.  1,000. 

Twenty-four  Pergunnahs,  a  marit. 
dist.  of  British  India,  presid.  Bengal, 
having  S.  the  bay  of  Bengal. 

TwicKEKHAM,  a  viU.  of  England,  eo. 


Middlesex,    on    the    W.    bank    of   the 
Thames.     P.  5,208. 

Twiggs,  a  central  eo.  Ga.     Area,  410 
sq.  m.     P.  8,179.     Cap.  Marion. 

Twin,  several  tnshps.  Ohio.  P.  rang- 
ing between  1,000  k  2,000. 

TwiNSBURG,  t.,  Summit  co.  0.  P. 
1,039. 

Twiss,  a  CO.  of  W.  Australia. 
Twofold  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Australia,  co.  Auckland.  It  receives 
the  Towamba  river,  affords  good  anchor- 
age, is  surrounded  by  much  fertile  land, 
&  is  conveniently  situated  for  commerce. 
TvBEE,  an  isl.  of  Georgia,  enclosed  by 
the  Savannah,  at  its  mouths  in  the  At- 
lantic ocean. 

Tycocktow  Island,  in  the  Canton 
riv\.  China,  8  m.  long;  6  m.  troad. 

I^KOCZYN,  a  frontier  town  of  Poland, 
on  the  Narew.     P.  1,800. 

Tyler,  co.,  Texas.     P.  1,894. II. 

CO.  W.  Va.     Area,  855  sq.  miles.     Cap. 
Middlebourn.     P.  5,498. 

Tymochtee,  a  township,  Crawford  co. 
Ohio,  on  Tymochtee  creek,  an  affl.  of  the 
Sandusky,  71  m.  N.  Columbus.  P.  1,625. 
Tyne,  an  important  river  of  Engl., 
enters  the  N.  sea  at  its  mouth.  L.  80  m. 
— The  North  Tyne  rises  on  the  border 
of  Scotland,  &  runs  S.E.— The  South 
Tyne  rises  in  Cumberland,  flows  N.  &  E. 
— ■ — II.  a  small  river  of  Scotland.  L. 
28  m. 

Tynemouth,  with  North  Shields,  two 
contiguous  towns  of  England,  co.  North- 
umberland, on  the  1.  b.  of  the  Tyne. 

Tynish,  an  islet  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Ireland,  Connaught. 

Typinsan,  the  most  E.  &  largest  of 
the  Madjicosima  isls.,  in  the  China  sea. 
L.  20  m. ;  gr.  br. 

Tyre,  a  tnshp.,  Seneca  co.  New  York, 
on  the  Clyde,  170  miles  W.  Albany.  P. 
1,506. 

Tyrell's  Bay,  an  inlet  at  the  S.  ex- 
tremity of  the  island  St.  Vincent,  British 
W.  Indies. 

Tyria,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor,  Ana- 
tolia, 44  m.  S.E.  Smyrna. 

Tyri-fiord,  a  lake  of  Norway,  16  m. 
W.  Uhristiania.     L.  16  m. ;  br.  7  m. 

Tyringham,  t.,  Berfohire  co.  Mass. 
P.  1,477. 

Tyrnait,  or  Ternava,  a  town  of  W. 
Hungiirv,  co.  &  27  miles  N.E.  Presburg. 

P.  5,830" II.  a  vill.  of  Moravia,  circ. 

&  N.W.  Olmiitz. 

Tyrol,  a  prov.  of  the  Austrian  em- 
pire, with  the  title  of  county,  having  E. 
&  S.  Carinthia  &  the  prov.  Venice,  N. 
Austrian  Italy,  "W.  Bavaria,  the  princi- 


790 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[OFA 


palifcy  of  Liechtenstein,  &  Switzerland, 
of  which  last  it  forms  an  E.  prolongation. 
Area,  10,931  sq.  m.  P.  842,768,  mostly 
of  German,  but  in  the  S.  of  Italian,  de- 
scent. The  rearing  of  canary  birds  is 
pursued  on  a  large  scale  in  the  valley  of 
the  Inn,  &  most  parts  of  Europe  are  sup- 
plied with  sii  ging  birds  from  the  Tyrol. 
Wolves,  bears,  wild  boars,  marmots,  cha- 
mois, Ac,  inhabit  the  mountain  dists. 

Tyrone,  an  inland  co.  of  Ireland,  in 
the  centre  of  Ulster.  Area,  1,260  sq.  m. 
P.  251,865.  The  O'Neills  were  kings  in 
Ireland  antecedent  to  Christianity,  & 
were  chiefs  of  Tyrone  when  the  memora- 
ble rebellion  of  1597  broke  out  under 
their  auspices. 

Tyrone,  t.,  N.  Y.,  co.  Steuben,  in  W. 
of  state.  P.  1,894. II.  Pa.,  co.' Fay- 
ette.    P.  1,189. III.   CO. , Perry.      P. 

2,391. IV.  CO.  Huntington.     P.  1,226. 

Tyreel,  an  E.  co.  N.  C.  Area, -740 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Columbia.     P.  5,133. 

Tysmienica,  a  town  of  Austrian  Po- 
land, Galicia,  circ.  &  6  m.  E.S.E.  Stanis- 
lawow.     P.  2,900. 

TysncesoS,  an  island  of  Norway.  L. 
11  m.,  br.  7  m. 

TzaglaIk,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, Macedonia,,  sanj.  &  54  miles  E. 
Seres. 

Tzarevokokshaisk,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia.—  Tzarevosantchursk  is  a  town  in 
gov.  Viatka. 

TzARiTziN,  a  fortified  town  of  Russia, 
on  the  Volga.  ■  P.  4,600. —  Tzaritzino  is 
a  vill.,  gov.  &  7  m-  S.  Moscow,  with  a 
palace,  built  by  Catherine  II. 

Tzarsko-Selo,  or  Sophia,  a  town  of 
Russia,  16  m.  S.  St.  Petersburg.   P.  1,000. 

TzEKiNOVKA,  a  town  of  Russian  Po- 
land, on  1.  b.  of  the  Dniester. 

TziMOVA,  a  large  marit.  vill.  of  Greece, 
Morea,  gov.  Mistra,  on  the  E.  shore  of 
the  gulf  of  Koron. 

TziviLsK,  a  town  of  Russia,  62  m.  W. 
Kasan. —  Tzurukhaitu  is  a  town  of  E.  Si- 
beria, 140  m.  S.E.  Nertchinsk. 

TzYPA,  a  river  of  Siberia,  joins  the 
Vitim  after  a  N.E.  course  of  230  m. 


u. 


Uanapu,  a  river  of  Brazil,  joins  the 
Para  after  a  N.  course  of  400  m. — The 
ZJa^uma  joins  the  Amazon  after  a  S.S.E. 
course,  estimated  at  350  m. 

Ubahy,  a  lake  &  river  of  Bolivia;  to 
the  river  joins  the  Guapore  near  its  falls, 
after  a  N.  course  of  300  m. 


Ubatuba,  a  town  of  Brazil.     P.,  with 

dist.,  6,000. 

Ubaye,  a  riv.  of  France,  dep.  B.  Alpes, 
after  a  W.  course  of  40  m.  joins  the  Du- 
rance. 

Ubeda,  a  town  of  Spain,  26  m.  N.E. 
Jaen.     P.  13,809. 

Uberlingen,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  an 
arm  of  the  lake  of  Constance.    P.  2,700. 
Ubigau,  a  town,  Pruss.  Saxony,  on  the 
Elster.     P.  1,250. 

Ubrique,  a  town  of  Spain,  46  miles 
E.N.E.  Cadiz.     P.  5,439. 

Ubstadt,  a  vill.  of  Baden.     P.  1,140. 
Ucayale,  a  large  river  of  Peru,  E.  the 
Andes.    It  unites  with  the  Tunguragua, 
after  a  N.  course  of  500(?)  m.,  to  form  the 
Amazon. 

UccLE,  a  village  of  Belgium,  2  miles 
S.  Brussels. 

UcEDA,  a  decayed  city  of  Spain,  25  m. 
W.  Soria.     P.  750. 

UcHEE  Anna,  p-v.,  cap.  Walton  co. 
Fla. 

UcHizY,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  SSone-et-Loire.     P.  1,510. 

UcHTE,  a  vill.  of  N.  Germany,  Hano- 
ver, CO.  Hoya.    P.  1,200. II.  a  river 

of    Prussian   Saxony,    tributary  to   the 
Elbe. 

UcKER,  a  small  river  of  Pruss.  Pome- 
rania. 

UcKERMiJNDB,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Pome- 
rania,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ucker.  P. 
2,310. 

UcLBSj  a  fortified  town  of  Spain,  proy. 
&  32  m.  W.  Cuenca.     P.  1,602. 

Uddevalla,  a  town  of  S.  Sweden,  45 
m.  N.  Goeteborg.     P.  3,920. 

Uddingston,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
Lanark. 

Udem,  a  walled  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia. ,  P.  1,700. 

Udine,  a  fortified  town  of  Austrian 
Italy,  gov.  Venice,  60  m.  N.E.  Venice. 
P.  26,700. 

Udinsk,  a  town  of  Siberia,  on  the 
Uda^  E.  Lake  Baikal.     P.  3,000. 

Ubipu,  a  town  of  British  India,  presid. 
Madras. 

Udskoi,  a  vill.  of  E.  Siberia,  on  the 
Uda. 

Udvarhely,  a  mkt.  town  of  Transyl- 
vania.    P.  2,999. 

Uelzen,  a  town  of  Hanover,  20  miles 
S.S.E.  Liineburg.     P.  3,081. 

Uerdingen,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 11  m.  N.AV.  Dijsseldorf.     P.  3,000. 

Uetikon,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  10  m. 
S.E.  Zurich.     P.  1.100. 

Ufa,  a  river  of  European  Russia,  after 
a  total  course  of  400  miles,  joins  the  Bie- 


UMZ] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZKTTKER, 


791 


laya. II.   a.  town  on  the  Ufa  &  the 

Bielaya.     P.  5,900. 

Uffenheim,  a  walled  townof  Bayaria, 
on  the  Gollaeh.     P.  1,646. 

Uffholtz,  a  couiin.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Rhin.  P.  1,852.— L';^/ioi;en  is  a 
vill.  of  Prussian  Saxony.     P.  1,003. 

Ugento,  a  small  town  of  Naples,  14 
m.  S.E.  Gallipoli.     P.  1,500. 

Ugie,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  Aber- 
deen, enters  the  North  sea,  after  a  course 
of  21  m. 

Ugliano,  an  island  of  Dalmatia,  Adri- 
atic.    L.  14  m.,  br.  2  m. 

Uglitch,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  rt.  bank 
of  the  Volga.     P.  8,000. 

Ui,  a  river  of  W.  Siberia,  after  an  E. 
course  of  200  m.,  joins  the  Tobol. 

UiG,  a  dist.  comprising  the  W.  part  of 
Lewis  island,  Hebrides,  Scotland.  Area, 
275  sq.  m.     P.  3,316. 

UisT,  two  islands  of  the  Outer  Heb- 
rides,    Scotland,    co.    Inverness. 1. 

{North),  length  'l7  m.,  br.  3  to  12  m.     P. 

3,788. II.  (South),  the  largest  island 

of  the  Outer  Hebrides,  S.  of  Harris.  L. 
22  m.,  gr.  br.  8  m.  Estim.  area,  110  sq. 
m.     P.  5,093. 

UiTENHAGE,  Africa,  having  S.  the 
ocean.  Area,  8,960  sq.  m.  -P.  11,Q00. 
Principal  towns,  Uitenhage  &  Port  Eliz- 
abeth.—  Uitenhage,  the  cap.,  is  situated 
on  the  Zwartkops  river,  18  m.  N.W.  Port 
Elizabeth. 

UiTGEEST  &  UiTHUizEN,  2  vills.  of  the 

Netherlands. 1.  N.  Holland,  S.  of  Alk- 

maar.     P.   1,200. II.  prov.    &  14  m. 

N.E.  Groningen.     P.  3,238. 

Ujhely-Satorallia",  a  market  town 
of  Hungary,  on  the  Rougyva.     P.  6,548. 

II.  Ujhely  Vagh  is  a  market  town. 

P.  5,417. 

•  Ujijar,  a  town  of  Spain,  43  m.  S.E. 
Granada,  on  the  Adra.     P.  3,016. 

Ujvaros,  a  market  town  of  Hungary. 
P.  5,719. 

Ukraine  ("  a  frontier"),  an  old  sub- 
division of  Russia  &  S.E.  Poland. 

Ulash,  an  Armenian  vill.  of  Asia- 
Minor. 

Uleaborg,  a  seaport  town  of  Finland, 
on  a  peninsula  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ulea 
in  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  P.  5,000.— l7Zea- 
trask  is  a  lake  of  Finland. 

Ulie  Islands,  a  group  of  13  islands, 
in  the  Pacific  ocean,  forming  a  portion  of 
the  Carolines. 

Ulla,  a  river  of  Spain,  Galicia,  en- 
ters the  bay  of  Arosa.     L.  80  m. 

Ulldecona,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 
Tarragona,  15  miles  S.S.W,  Tortosa.  P. 
4,617. 


Ullswater,  the  largest  of  the  Eng- 
lish lakes,  next  to  Windermere.  L.  9  m., 
br.  1  m.;  depth  210  ft. 

Ulm,  a  frontier  town  of  Wijrtemberg, 
46  m.  S.E.  Stuttgart,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Dan- 
ube. P.  13,468.  It  was  long  an  impe- 
rial free  town,  strongly  fortified,  &  a 
military  post  of  much  importance  in  the 
German  wars  ;  but  here,  on  the  17th  Oct. 
1805,  General  Mack,  with  12,000  Aus- 
trian troops,  capitulated  to  Napoleon, 
without  firing  a  shot. — Neu-Ulm,  one  of 
its  suburbs,  is  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
Danube,  in  the  Bavarian  territory. 

Ulhicehamn,  a  town  of  S.  Sweden,  56^ 
m.  S  E.  Wenersborg,  on  Lake  Asunda.  P. 
1,645. 

Ulster,  the  most  N.  prov.  of  Ireland, 
between  lat.  53°  46'  &  55°  26'  N.,  &  Ion. 
5°  24'  &  8°  45'.  Area,  8,555  sq.  miles. 
P.  2,004,289,  the  majority  being  Protes- 
tants. 'Ibis  prov.  is  the  head-quarters 
of  the  Irish  linen  manufacture,  &  of 
other  branches  of  manuf.  industry  in 
Ireland,  which  have  their  chief  seat  at 
Belfast :  the  annual  value  of  the  linens 
made  is  estimated  at  5,000,000/.,  &  the 

manufs.  employ  170,000  hands. II.  a 

CO.   in  S.E.  of  New  York.     Area,   1,096 

sq.  m.     Cap.   Kingston.     P.  59,384. 

III.  a  tnshp.,  Penn.,  co.  Bradford,  on  the 
Susquehanna.     P.  1,053. 

Ulster  (New),  the  N.  island,  New 
Zealand. 

Ulubad,  a  vill.  of  Asia-Minor,  Ana- 
tolia. 

^Ulva,  an  island  of  the  Inner  Hebrides, 
Scotland,  co,  Argyle.  L.  5  m.,  br.  2  m. 
P.  859. 

Ulverstone,  a  market  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  &  16  m.  N.W.  Lancaster.     P.  8,778. 

Ulysses,  a  township,  Tompkins  co.  N. 
York,  8  m.  N.W.  Ithaca.     P.  2,976. 

Uman,  a  town  of  Russia,  115  m.  S. 
Kiev,  cap.  circ.     P.  3,500. 

Umbagog,  a  lake  of  the  U.  S.,  18  m. 
in  length. 

Umballah,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  cap. 
a  small  chiefship  in  the  Sikh  territory. 

Umber,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  Ni- 
zam's dom. 

Umbriatico,  a  mkt.  town  of  Naples, 
22  m.  N.N.W.  Cotrone.     P.  1,200. 

Umea,  a  seaport  town  of  N.  Sweden, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Umea  river.  P. 
1,410. 

Umeerghur,  a  considerable  town  of 
Hindostan. 

Umstadt,  a  town  of  Germany,  13  m. 
E.  Darmstadt.    P.  2,699. 

Umzinyati,  or  Buffalo  River,  a 
river  of  S.E.  Africa,  joins  the  Tugela,  50 


V92 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[UNI 


tn.  from  its  mouth  in  the  Indian  ocean. — 
The  Umzimkulwana  riv.  forms  the  S.W. 
frontier  of  Natal. 

Unadilla,  a  tnshp.,  Otsego  eo.  N.  Y., 
on  the  Unadilla,  a  tributary  of  Che  Sus- 
quehanna, 83  m.  W.S.'W.  Albany.  P. 
2,463. 

Unare,  a  riv.  of  S.  Amer.,  Venezuela, 
enters  the  Caribb.  sea.     L.  120  m. 

Ukcastillo,  a  town  of  Spain,  43  m. 
N.N.W.  Zaragoza.     P.  2,113. 

Underhill,  a  tnshp.,  Chittenden  co. 
Vermont,  15  m.  N.E.  Burlington.  P. 
1,441. 

Undermillbeck,  a  township  of  Engl., 
CO.  Westmoreland.     P.  1,033. 

Undergo,  or  Anderov,  Indian  ocean, 
the  largest  of  the  Laccadive  isls. 

UisTGHVAR,  a  market  town  of  N.E. 
Hungary,  cap.  eo.     P.  5,000.- 

Unie,  an  island  in  the  Adriatic,  Ifi  m. 
S.E.  Istria.     L.  6  m.,  br.  2  m.     P.  300. 

Unieh,  a  jnarit.  town  of  Asia- Minor, 
on  the  Black  sea. 

Union,  a  central  co.  Pa.  Area,  520 
sq.    m.     Cap.   New   Berlin.     P.  26,083. 

II.  a  N.W.  dist.,  S.  C.     Area,  650 

sq.  m.    Unionville  is  the  cap.     P.  19,852. 

III.  a  N.  CO.  Ga.     Area,  600  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Blairsville.     P.  7,234. IV.  a  N. 

pa.,  La.     Area,  1,200.  sq.  m.     Cap.  Far- 

mersville.     P.  8,203. V.  a  N.W.  co. 

Ky.  Area,  450  sq.  m.  Cap.  Morgan- 
field.     P.  9,012. VI.  a  central  co.  0. 

Area,  450  sq.  m.     Cap.  Marysville.     P. 

12,204. VII.   a  S.E.  co.  la.      Area, 

168  sq.  m.     Cap.  Liberty.     P.  6,944.- 

VIII.  a  S.  CO.  111.     Area,  380  sq.  miles. 

Cap.  Jonesboro'.     P.  7,615. iX.  a  S. 

eo.  Ark.  Area,  2,600  sq.  mile?.  P. 
10,248.  Cap.  Union  c.  h. — Also,  numer- 
ous tnships.,U.  States. 1.  Maine,  31  m. 

S.E.    Augusta-      P.   1,784. II.    New 

York,  with  a  vill.  on  the  Susquehanna, 

10  m.  N.E.  Jericho.     P.  3,165. -III. 

New   Jersey,   6   m.   S.W.  Newark.      P. 

1,482 IV.  CO.  Fayette.     P.  2,723. 

V.  Ohio,  CO.  Belmont.  P.  2,126,  with 
others  of  the  sa,me  p. 

Union,  a  seaport  town.  Cent.  America, 
state  &  70  m.  E.S.E.  St.  Salvador,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Conchagua  gulf — Union  isl- 
and, Grenadines,  British  W.  Indies,  is  5 
m.  N.  Carriacou. 

Uniontown,  several  vills.,  U.  States, 
&  a  bor.  Pennsylvania,  cap.  co.  Fayette, 
in  W.  part  of  state,  with  1,710  inhabitants, 
many  churches,  &  Madison  coll.,  founded 
by  the  Methodists  in  1825. —  Union  vale, 
New  York,  on  Fishkill  creek.     P.  1,498. 

United  States  of  North  America, 
a  federal  republic,  occupying  the  middle 


division  of  the  N.. continent  of  America, 
between  lat.  25°  &  49°  N..  &  Ion.  67°  & 
130°  W. ;  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Can n da 
&  the  British  possessions,  from  lat.  42°, 
&  extending  W.  to  the  Pacitic  in  the  par- 
allel of  49°  N. ;  &  on  the  S.  bounded  by 
the  Mexican  republic  &  gulf  of  Mexico. 
L.  from  E.  to  W.  3,000  m. ;  br.  N.  to  S. 
1,700  m.  Area,  3,250.000  sq.  m.  P.  in 
1850,  23,257,723,  of  whom  3,198,324  are 
slaves.  Exports,  $151,898,720;  imports, 
$178,138,318.  The  cotton  crop  of  1851 
was  estim.  at  the  value  of  $112,315,317. 
Public  debt,  $62,228,223.  Pub.  revenue 
about  $50,000,000.  Tonn.  3,772,439  43. 
The  army  of  the  United  States  at  present 
numbers  10,129  ;  commissioned  officers, 
896 ;  non-coinmissioned  officers  &  pri- 
vates, 9,233.  The  number  of  commis- 
sioned officers  in  the  militia  is  74,962  ;  & 
of  non-commissioned  officers,  musicians, 
&  privates,  2,105,524,  making  a' total  of 
2,180,'486  fighting  men.  The  navy  con- 
sists of  11  ships  of  the  line,  15  frigates, 
21  sloops  of  war,  15  steam  frigates,  4 
brigs,  3  schooners,  &  5  store  ships.  The 
first  permanent  settlement  in  the  United 
States  was  at  Jamestown,  Virginia,  in 
1607,  which  continued  an  English  colony 
till  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 
July  4th,  1776.  After  a  war  of  seven 
years'  duration,  peace  was  made,  &  Inde- 
pendence acknowledged  by  treaty  with 
England  in  1783.  The  articles  of  con- 
federation were  entered  into  in  1777. 
The  present  United  States  constitution, 
framed  in  1787,  went  into  operation 
March  1st,  1789,  after  being  approved 
of  by  the  thirteen  original  states  of  the 
Union.  Louisiana,  comprising  the  states 
&  territories  now  belonging  to  the  United 
States  weot  of  the  Mi^si.=sippi,  was  pur- 
chased of  France  in  1803,  &  Florida  of 
Spain  in  1819.  Texas  was  admitted  into 
the  Union  by  "joint  resolutions"  of  Con- 
gress, passed  March  1,  1845.  New  Mex- 
ico &  Upper  California  were  acquired  by 
treaty  with  Mexico,  ratified  in  1848.  The 
present  number  of  organized  states  is 
thirty-one.  In  the  district  of  Columbia, 
originally  formed  by  cessions  from  Mary- 
land &  Virginia,  is  situated  Washington 
city,  the  United  States  seat  of  govern- 
ment, being  first  occupied  in  1800.  The 
district  &  cap.  are  exclusively  under  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  Federal  government. 
Congress  meets  on  the  first  Monday  in 
December  in  every  year,  unless  otherwise 
directed  by  law. 

Unity,  t.,  Waldo  co.  Me.      P.   1,457. 

II.  t.,  Sullivan  CO.   N.  H.     P.  1.238. 

III.  t.,  Westmoreland  CO.  Pa.  P.  3,003. 


uka] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


^93 


IV.  t.,  Columbiana  co.  0.     P.  1,896. 

V.  p-v.,  cap.  Alex.inder  co.  111. 

Unja,  a  river  of  Russia,  after  a  south 

course  of  250  m.,  joins  the  Volga. II. 

a  town,  on  r.  b.  of  the  Unja. 

Unkiak-Skelessi  ("landing-place  of 
the  emperor"),  a  vill.  of  Asia-Minor,  on 
the  Bosphorus. 

Unna,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia. 
P.  5,300. 

Unna,  a  riv.  of  TurkL^h  Croatia,  affer 
a  tortuous  N.  course  of  110  m.,  joins  the 
Save. 

Unruhstadt  (Pol.  Karge),  a  town  of 
Prussian  Poland,  50  m.  S.W.  Posen.  P. 
1,879. 

Unst,  the  most  N.  of  th«  Shetland  isls., 
Scotl.  L.  ll  m.,  av.  br.  3§  m.  Area,  36 
sq.  m.     P.  with  Uyea,  2,8'31. 

Unsteut,  a  river  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
after  an  E.  course  of  110  m.,  joins  the 
Saxon  Saale. 

Untee-see,  the  W.  &  detached  portion 
of  the  lake  of  Constance,  S.  Germany.  L. 
10  m. 

Unterseen,  a  small  town  of  Switzer- 
land, cant.  &  26  m.  S.E.  Bern,  having 
1,000  inhabs. 

Unterwalden,  a  cant,  of  Switzerland, 
in  its  centre,  having  N.  the  lake  of  Lu- 
cerne. Area,  263  sq.  miles.  P.  22,571, 
nearly  all  R.  Catholics.  It  consists  of  4 
valleys.  It  formed,  with  Uri  &  Schwytz, 
early  in  the  13th  centurj',  the  nucleus 
of  the  confed.,  in  which  it  holds  the  6th 
place. 

Unveeee,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Eure-et-Loire.     P.  2,453. 

Unyeh,  a  marit.  vill.  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, on  the  Bla.ck  sea,  50  m.  E. S.E. Sam- 
sun. 

Upa,  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the  Oka, 
38  m.  S.   Kaluga.     Course  130  m. 

Upadrang,  a  town  of  Nepaul,  N.  Hin- 
dostan. 

Upeenavik,  the  most  northern  Danish 
settlement  in  Greenland. 

Upolu,  one  of  the  Samoan  isls..  Pacific 
ocean,  lat.  14°  2'  S.,  Ion.  171°  21'  W. 
Estimated  area,  60sq.  m.,  &  p.  25,000.(7) 

Upper,  a  prefixed  name  to  the  follow- 
ing &  other  townships,  U.  S. 1.   (^Z- 

loway's  creek),  New  Jersey,  7  m.  S.E. 
Salem.  P.  2,235. II.  (Bern),  Penn- 
sylvania, CO.  Berks,  on  the  Schuylkill.  P. 
2,906. III.  {Darby),  8  m.  W.  Phila- 
delphia.     P.   1,489. IV.    {Freehold), 

New  Jersey,  15  m.  S.W.  Freehold.  P. 
5,026.  Here  are  many  tanneries  &  dis- 
tilleries. The  following  are  in  Pennsyl- 
vania.  V.   (Hanoiier),   Pennsylvania, 

35  m.  N.W.  Philadelphia.     P.  1,467. 

34 


I  VI.  {Macungy),  co  Lebigh.  P.  1,769. 
VII.  {Makeficld),  25  m.  N.E.  Phila- 
delphia.    P.   1,490 VIII.   {Marion), 

CO.  Montgomery.  P.  2,804. IX.  {Mil- 
ford),  CO.  Lehigh.     P.  3,081. X.  {ML 

Bethel),  CO.  Northampton.    P.  2,643. 

XI.  {Faxton),  22  m.  S.  Ilam^burg.  P. 
1,814. -Xll.  {Providence),  co.  Mont- 
gomery, on  the  Schuylkill.  P.  2,244. 

XIII.  {Saucon),  6  m.  S.E.  Northampton. 
P.  2,072. XIV.  {SI.  Clair),  co.  Alle- 
ghany. P.  2,302. Xy.{Tulpebockeii), 

CO.  Berks,  on  the  Union  canal.  P.  2,941. 

Uppingham,  a  market  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Rutland.     P.  2,034. 

Upsal,  a  prov.  of  Sweden,  having  N.E. 
the  gulf  of  Bothnia.     Area,  2,067  sq.  m. 

P.  85,294. II.  a  city  of  Sweden,  on  the 

Sala,  45  m.  N.W.  Stockholm.  P.  5,000, 
Princip.  edifices,  governor's  palace,  new 
buildings  of  the  university,  &  a  vener- 
able cathedral,  in  which  the  Swedish 
kings  used  to  be  crowned,  &  in  which  are 
many  of  their  tombs,  including  those  of 
Gustavus  Vasa  &  of  Linnajus.  The  uni- 
versity, founded  in  1478,  has  a  library 
of  100,000  vol.,  &  numerous  anc.  MSS., 
a  botanic  garden,  observatory,  &  good 
museums.  In  1843,  it  was  attended  by 
1,367  students. 

Upshur,  co.  Texas.     P.  3,394. 

Upson,  a  S.W.  co.  Ga.  Area,  225  sq. 
m.    Cap.  Thomaston.     P.  9,424. 

Upton,  a  township,  Worcester  co.  Mass. 
P.  1,466. 

Upton-upon- Severn,  a  market  towa 
of  England,  co.  &  9  m.  S.  Worcester.  P. 
2,696. 

Urach,  a  town  of  Wijrtemberg,  on  the 
Ems  &  Elsach,  22  m.  S.E.  Stuttgart.  P. 
2,058. 

Ural,  a  river  of  the  Russian  empire, 
&  considered  to  form  with  the  Ural  moun- 
tains the  E.  boundary  of  Europe,  &  en- 
ters the  Caspian  sea  on  its  N.  shore,  200 
m.  E.  Astrakhan.  Total  course  estima- 
ted at  1,800  miles. 

Ural  Mountains,  a  great  mountain 
system  of  the  Russian  empire,  forming, 
a  vast  undulating  region,  consisting  of 
various  round-backed,  plateau-shaped, 
masses  of  land,  mostly  of  small  eleva- 
tion. Its  central  ridge  separates  Eu- 
rope &  Asia,  about  Ion.  60°  E.  The  Ural 
mountains  are  composed  of  crystalline  & 
slaty  rocks,  &  are  rich  in  gold  &  other 
metals. 

Uralsk,    two  towns  of   Russia,   gov. 

Orenburg. 1,  on  the  Ural.    P.  13,000, 

mostly    Cossacks    of   the   Ural. II. 

(  Verkhinii  U.),  cap.  eirc,  on  the  Ural. 
P.  3,800. 


794 


CYCLOI^^DIA    OF    GROiSKAPHY, 


[USH 


Ukas,  a  vill-  of  Sardinia,  div.  Cagliari, 
near  centre  of  island.    P.  1,847. 

UnATEPE,  a  t.  of  Independent  Turk- 
estan, Bokhara. 

Urbain  (St.),  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  Friince,  dep.  H.  Marne.  P.  9,817.— 
St.  Urban  is  a  vill.  of  Styria,  &  a  famous 
Cistercian  abbey  of  the  Swiss  cant.  Lu- 
cerne. 

Urbania,  a  town  of  Central  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta.     P.  3,716. 

Urbanna,  2  tnshps.,  U.  S. 1.  Steu- 
ben CO.  New  York,  oa  Crooked  lake, 
■with  a  landing-plaee  at  its  extremity,  10 

m.  S.S.E.  Prattsburg.     P.  2,079. II. 

Champaign  co.  Ohio,  40  m.  W.N.W.  Co- 
lumbus.    P.  1,386,  of  whom  1,070  are  in 

the  vill. III.  a  p-v.,  cap.  Champaign 

CO.  111. IV.  a  p-v.,  cap.  Middlesex  co. 

Va. 

Ukbino,  a  city  of  Cent.  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta.     P.  7,000. 

Uhcize  (St.),  a  comm.  &  t.  of  France, 
dep.  Cantal.     P.  1,493. 

Urcos,  a  town  of  S.  America,  S.  Peru, 
20  m.  S.E.  Cuzco. 

Uhda,  a  town  of  Spain,  32  m.  S.E. 
T.oledo.     P.  2,676. 

L^EE,  a  riv.  of  Engl.,  joins  the  Swale 
to  form  the-Ouse. 

Uhfahr,  a  mkt.  town  of  Upper  Aus- 
tria, on  the  Danube.     P.  2,589. 

Urgel  (Seo  d'),  a  town  of  Spain,  70 
m.  N.E.  Lerida.     P.  2,779. 

Urgenj  {NeiD  &  Old),  two  vills.  of 
Central  Asia. 

Urghundaub,  a  river  of  Affghanistan, 
joins  the  Helmund,  after  a  S.W.  course 
of  about  230  m. 

Uri,  a  cant,  of  Switzerland,  in  its  E. 
part.  Area,  422  sq.  m.  P.  13,519,  all 
Koraan  Catholics.  It  consists  of  the  val- 
ley of  the  Reuss  &  its  aiBs.  Chief  town, 
Altorf  Uri  united  with  Unterwalden  & 
Schwytz,  early  in  the  14th  century,  to 
form  the  Swiss  confederation,  in  which  it 
now  holds  the  4th  place. 

Uri  (Lake  of),  Switzerland,  is  the 
S.E.  extremity  of  the  lake  of  Lucerne. 

Uriupinskaia,  a  market  town  of  S. 
Russia,  Don  Cossack  territory,  on  the 
Choper. 

Uhjum,  a  town  of^ussia,  gov.  &  85  m. 
S.  Viatka.     P.  1,950. 

Urlingford,  a  mkt.  town  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  co.  Kilkenny.  Area,  3,498  ac. 
P.  1,742.  , 

Uhloffen,  a  vill.  of  Baden.     P.  1,996. 

Urlujah,  a  rained  city  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia. 

Urnaschen,  &  Urnen,  two  vills.  of 
Switzerl. 


Urr,  a  lake,  river,  vill.,  of  Scotland. 

Ursanne,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Bern,  on  the  Doubs.     P.  1,300. 

Ursel  (Ober),  a  town  of  Germany, 
Nassau.     P.  1,952. 

Urseren,  orURSERN  (Thal),  a  valley 
of  Switzerland,  composing  the  S.  part  of 
thecant.  Uri. 

Urubamba,  a  town  of  S.  Peru,  dep.  & 
40  m.  N.W.  Cuzco.     P.  4,000. 

Uex/guay,  a  large  river  of  S.  Amer., 
one  of  the  chief  tributaries  of  the  Plata, 
rises  in  Brazil,  &  joins  the  Parana  to 
form  the  Plata  estuary,  40  m.  N.  Buenos 
Ayres.  Total  course  estimated  800  va. 
Its  chief  tributary,  the  Rio  Negro  from 
the  E.,  is  250  m.  in  length. 

Uruguay,  or  Banda-Oriental,  a 
maritime  republic  of  S.  America,  on  the 
N.E.  .side  of  the  Plata  estuary,  which 
separates  it  from  Buenos  Ayres,  has  W. 
the  Uruguay  river,  N.  Brazil,  &  E.  the 
lake  &  neutral  territory  of  Mirim,  &  the 
ocean.  Area,  estimated  at  nearly  70.000 
sq.  m.,  &  p.  250,000.  Monte  Video,' the 
cap.,  is  the  centre  of  all  the  foreign  trade, 
&  the  total  value  of  exports  thence  in 
1842,  was  estimated  at  85,500,000,  &  of 
imports  at  $8,600,000.  Uruguay  has 
formed  an  independent  republic  ever 
since  1825. 

Urumiyah,  a  fortified  town  of  N.  Per- 
sia, in  a  fine  plain,  64  miles  S.W.  Tabriz. 
Estimated  p.  25,000.  (?)— The  lake  of 
Urumiyeh,  or  Shahee,  30  m.  S.W.  Ta- 
briz, is  85  m.  long,  &  25  m.  broad. 

Urumtsi,  a  city  of  the  Chinese  em- 
pire, on  the  Hi  riv.  It  is  large  &  thriv- 
ing, &  has  several  temples  &  public  col- 
leges. 

Urup,  one  of  the  Kurile  islands,  in  the 
N.  Pacific  0.,  claimed  by  Russia.  L. 
N.E.  to  S.W.  50  m.,  br.  12  m. 

Urzedow,  a  town  of  Poland,  20  miles 
S.W.  Lublin.     P.  1,900. 

Usan,  a  fishing  vill.  of  Scotland,  co. 
Forfar.     P.  200. 

UscH,  a  town  of  Chinese  Turkestan, 
near  the  Khokan  frontier. 

UscHiJTZ,  a  tovrn  of  Prussian  Poland, 
on  the  Netze.     P.  1,290. 

UsEDOM,  an  island  of  Prussian  Pome- 
rania,  near  the  S.  coast  of  the  Baltic. 
L.  30  m.,  gr.  br.  14  m.  Area,  148  sq.  m. 
—  Usedom,  a  town  on  its  S.W.  shore,  on 
the  Kleine  Hafi',  has  1,415  inhabs.  Re- 
mains of  the  anc.  town  V^ineta,  built  a.d. 
778,  are  said  to  have  been  seen  beneath  , 
the  water  on  the  N.  coast. 

Ushak,  a  considerable  town  of  Asia- 
Minor,  Anatolia. 

Ushant,  the  most  W.  of  the  islands 


uze] 


UNIVERSAL   GAZETTEER. 


795 


off  the  coast  of  Brittany,  France,  dep. 
Finist^re,  26  in.  AV.N.W.  Brest.  L.  4^ 
m.     P.  2,194. 

UsHiTZA,  a  tovm  of  Servia,  on  an  affl. 
of  the  Morava.     P.  4,000. 

UsHNEi,  a  town  of  N.  Persia,  in  a  fine 
plain,  40  m.  S.  Urumiyah. 

UsHRTJFF,  a  decayed  town  of  Persia, 
24  m.  N.E.  Sari. 

UsiNGEN,  a  town  of  Nassau.     P.  1,953. 

UsK,  a  river  of  South  Wales. 

UsKUP,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Macedonia.     Estimated  p.  10,000. 

UsLAR,  a  walled  town  of  Hanover.  P. 
2,118. 

UsMAN,  a  town  of  Russia,  85  m.  S.W. 
Tambov.     P.  4,000.    > 

UspALLATA,  a  table-land,  with  silver 
mines,  Plata  confed. 

UsPANAPAN,  a  river  of  the  Mexican 
Gonfed.,  dep.  Tabasco. 

UssAc,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Correze.  P.  2,114. —  Ussana  is  a  village 
of  the  island  Sardinia.  P.  of  comm. 
1,136. 

UssEL,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Correze,  on  the  Sarsonne.     P.  2,879. 

UssoN,    several   comms.  &   vills.    of 

France. 1,  dep.  Loire.     P.  3,788. 

II.  dep.  Vienne,  22  miles  S.S.E.  Poitiers, 
with  1,840  inhabs. 

UsTARiTs,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  B.  Pyrenees.     P.  1,805. 

UsTicA,  an  isl.  of  the  Mediterranean, 
belonging  to  Naples,  off  the  N.  coast  of 
Sicily,  40  m.  N.N.W.  Palermo.  L.  3  m., 
br.2m. 

UsTiUG,  a  town  of  Russia,  580  miles 
E.N.E.  St.  Petersburg.     P.  13,000. 

UsTiusHNA,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the 
Mologa.     P.  2,900. 

UsTEOM,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Silesia,  on 
the  Vistula.     P.  1,800. 

Ust-Sysolsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  420  m. 
N.E.  Vologda.     P.  2,400. 

UsT-UisKAJA,  a  fort  of  Asiatic  Russia. 

UsuMAsiNTA,  a  considerable  river  of 
Central  America,  after  a  course  of  400 
m.  joins  the  Tabasco  near  its  mouth. 

UsuRBiL,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the  Orio. 
P.  1,203. 

UswoRTH,  a  township  of  Engl.,  co. 
Durham.     P.  1,030. 

Utah,  terr.  of  the  U.  S.,  organized  in 
1850,  &  bounded  W.  by  California,  N.  by 
Oregon,  E.  by  summit  of  Rocky  moun- 
tains, &  S.  by  the  37th  parallel  of  N.  lat. 
Area,  200,0ba  sq.  m.  White  p.  25,000. 
The  cap..  Great  Salt  Lake  city,  is  22  m. 
S.E.  the  lake  from  which  it  takes  its 
name.  The  city  is  regularly  laid  out  & 
on  an  extensive  scale.     Building  chiefly 


of  sun-dried  brick.  P.  7,000,  mostly 
Mormons. 

Utch-Kilissa  ("  the  three  churches"), 
a  famous  convent  in  Turkish  Armenia, 
110  m.  S.E.  Erzeroum. 

Utelle,  a  market  town  of  N.  Italy, 
Sardinian  dom.     P.  2,136. 

Utersen,  a  market  town  of  Denmark, 
Holstein.     P.  3,313. 

Utica,  a  city,  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.,  on  the 
Mohawk,  &  on  the  Chennngo  canal  & 
Great  Western  railway,  85  m.  W.N.W. 
Albany.  P.  17,563.  It  stands  on  an 
inclined  plane,  is  built  mostly  of  brick, 
&  has  spacious  streets,  &  many  elegant 
edifices.  Public  institutions  comprise  the 
state  lunatic  asylum,  co.  medical  society, 
museum,  &  it  has  e.xtensive  nianufs.  of 
machinery,  forges,  tanneries,  breweries, 
paper,  saw,  &  corn  mills,  &  commerce 
with  a  large  tract  of  country. 

Dtiel,  a  town  of  Spain,  9  miles  N.W. 
Requena.     P.  5,780. 

Utoe,  an  isl.  of  Sweden,  in  the  Baltic, 

25  m.  S.E.  Stockholm. II.  an  island 

of  Finland,  in  the  Baltic. 

Utrecht,  a  prov.  of  the  Netherlands. 
Area,  536  sq.  m.  P.  151,342.— Utrecht 
{Ultra- Trajectum),  the  cap.,  is  situated 
on  the  Old  Rhine,  21m.  S.E.  Amsterdam. 
P.  45,000.  It  has  more  spacious  squares 
&  fewer  canals  than  most  Dutch  towns; 
a  large  cathedral  with  a  tower  388  feet 
high,  &  the  Stadhuis,  in  which  the  union 
of  the  provs.  was  concluded  in  1579. 

Utrera,  a  town  of  Spain,  16  m.  S.S.E. 
Sevilla.     P.  12,712. 

Uttoxetee,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
12  m.  N.E.  Stafford.     P.  4,735. 

Utweil,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  on  the 
lake  of  Constance. 

Uwchland,  a  township,  Chester  co. 
Penn.,  on  Brandywine  creek,  30  miles 
S.S.W.  Philadelphia.     P.  1,565. 

UxBRiDGE.  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Middlesex. II.  a  township,  Wor- 
cester CO.  Mass.,  on  Blackstone  river  & 
canal,  38  m.  S.W.  Boston.     P.  2,004. 

UxiJAR  &  UxuE,  two  market  towns 
of  Spain. 

UxMAL,  a  ruined  city  of  Yucatan,  45 
m.  S.S.W.  Merida,  &  presenting  some  of 
the  most  remarkable  architectural  re- 
mains in  America.  These  comprise  sev- 
eral large  edifices,  the  largest  building 
occupying  a  space  640  feet  in  length  by 
410  feet  in  width,  &  all  being  adorned 
with  elaborate  sculptures. 

Uvea,  2  of  the  Shetland  isls.,  Scotland. 

UzEL,  a  comui-  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Cotes- du-Nord,  on  the  Oust.    P.  2,096. 

UzEN,  two  rivers  of  European  Russia, 


?96 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY, 


[VAL 


flow  parallel  to  each  other,  S.E.,  for 
about  250  m.,  &  from  10  to  30  m.  apart, 
&  finally  lose  themselves  in  salt  lakes, 
100  m.  from  the  Caspian. 

UzERCHE,  a  coram.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Correze.     P.  2,385. 

UzES,  a  coram.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Gard,  on  the  Auzon.     P.  5,893. 

UzNACH,  a  petty  town  of  Switzerland, 
24  m.  S.W.  St.  Gall.     P.  1,472. 

UzuNDJA-ovA,  a  town  of  European 
Turkey,  Rumili,  near  the  Maritza. 


Y. 

Vaagen  (East  &  West),  two  of  the 
Loffoden  islands,  Norway,  W.  of  Hindoen. 

Vaagoe,  one  of  the  Faroe  islands, 

Vaal,  a  river  of  S.  Africa,  after  a  W. 
course  from  the  Quathlamba  mountains, 
joins  the  Orange. 

Vaas,  a  coram.  &  mkt.  town  of  France, 
dep.  Sarthe,  on  the  Cher,  18  m.  E.  La 
Fleche.     P   1,872. 

Vaast  (St.),  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  9  m. 
E.  Mons.  P.  1,700. II  a  small  mari- 
time town  of  France,  dep.  Manche.  P. 
3,531. 

Vabee,  a  coram.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Tarn,  on  the  Gijon.     P.  1,181. 

Vaccheluce,  one  of  the  smaller  Lipari 
islands,  Mediterranean. 

Vacha,  a  walled  town  of  Germany,  on 
the  Werra.     P.  2,239. 

Vache  Island,  in  the  W.  Indies,  is 
off  the  S.  coast  of  Hayti,  8  m.  S.E.  Cayes, 
10  m.  in  length  by  3  m.  across. 

Vadaghery,  2  towns  of  S.  India. 

I.  presid.  Madras. II.  dist.  Malabar. 

Vado,  a  seaport  town  of  N.  Italy, 
Sard,  dom.,  3  m.  S.AV.  Savona.  P.  of 
comm.  1,468. 

Yadstena,  a  town  of  Sweden,  on  a 
bay  of  Lake  Wetter.     P.  2,188. 

Vaels,  or  Vaals,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands.     P.  2,897. 

Vjerdal,  a  vill.  of  Norway,  45  miles 
N.E.  Trondhjem.     P.  1,900. 

Vaga,  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the 
Dvhia  after  a  N.  course  of  250  ra. — The 
Vagai,  a  river  in  Siberia,  after  a  N. 
course  of  150  m.,  joins  the  Irtish. 

Vaglio,  a  town  of  Naples.     P.  3.000. 

Vagnev,  a  corara.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Vosges.  P.  2,964. —  Vagos 
is  a  market  town  of  Portugal. 

Vaigatch,  or  Vaigatz,  an  island  of 
N.  Russia.     L.-95  m. ;  br.  35  m. 

-Vaiges,  a  coram.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Mayenhe.     P.  1,592. 


Vaihingen,  a  town  of  S.  Germany, 
Wiirteraberg.     P.  3,072. 

Vaila,  one  of  the  smaller  Shetland 
islands,  Scotland. 

Vailly,  2  corams.  &  vills.  of  France. 

1,  dep.   Cher.     P.  691. II.    {sur 

Aisne),  dep.  Aisne.     P.  1,594. 

Vaise,  a  coram.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.RhOne.     P.  7.277. 

Vaison,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Vaucluse.  P'  1,863. —  Vasio,  the 
cap.  city  of  the  ancient  Voconiii,  an  im- 
portant Roman  colony. —  Vaissac  is  a 
coram.  &  vill.,  dep.  Tarn-et-Garonne. 

Vajda-Hunyad,  a  market  town  of 
Transylvania.     P.  2,000. 

Vakh,  a  river  of  Siberia,  joins  the 
Obe.     Course  W.-ward,  estim.  at  350  m. 

Val,  the  prefixed  name  of  many  towns 

&  vills.  of  Spain. L   {V.  de   Olica), 

prov.  &  25  m.  N.  Cuenca.     P.  2,690. 

II.  {de  S.  Domingo),  prov.  &  13  miles 
N.N.AV.  Toledo.     P,  1,869. 

Val,  a  prefix  to  the  names'  of  old 
divisions  of  Sicily  : — the  Y.  Demone, 
comprising  the  N.E.  quarter,  with  Mount 
Etna. 

Val  (Le),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Var.     P.  1,734. 

Valais,  a  cant,  of  Switzerland,  in  its 
S.E.  part,  consisting  of  the  upper  valley 
of  the  Rhone.  Area,  1,665  sq.  ra.  P. 
75,790,  all  Roraan  Catholics,  2-3ds  of 
whom  speak  French. 

Valatic,  p-v.,  Columbia  co.  N.  Y. 
P.  1,600. 

Valbenoite,  acomm.&  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Loire.     P.  2,949. 

Valbonnais,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Is^re,  20  m.  S.S.E.  Grenoble.  P. 
1,327. 

Val-Bregaglia,  a  valley  of  Switzer- 
land, Grisons,  on  the  Italian  side  of  the 
Alps. 

Valcares  (Etang  de),  a  salt  lagoon 
of  South  France  in  the  isl.  Camargue. 

Valdagno,  a  mkt.  town  of  Austrian 
Italy.     P.  3,100. 

Valdai,  a  walled  town  of  Russia, 
cap.  circ,  on  the  small  lake  Valdai.  P. 
3,000.— The  Valdai  hills,  gov.  Novgorod. 

Val  d'Arno,  a  valley  of  Tuscany. — 
The  Val-di  Chiana,  formerly  a  swampy 
tract  in  the  E.  part  of  Tuscany. 

Valdemoro,  a  town  of  Spain.  P. 
1,712. 

Valdepenas,  a  town  of  Spain,  30  m. 
S.E.  Ciudnd  Real,  on  the  Jabalon.  P. 
9,870. —  Val  de  Penas  is  a  town.  P. 
4,209. 

Valdieri,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  Pied- 
mont.    P.  2,357. 


val] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER, 


191 


Valdivia,  the  most  S.  dep.  of  Chile, 
on  the  mainland  of  S.  America.     Estim. 

area,  740  sq.  m.,  &  p.  6,800. II.  a  riv. 

traversing  this  dep.,  which  it  enters  after 
a  W.-ward course  of  120  m. III.  a  sea- 
port town  or  vill.,  on  the  Valdivia,  16  m. 
from  its  mouth. — JPort  Valdivia,'  at  the 
mouth  of  its  river. 

Valdobbiadene,  a  vill.  of  Austrian 
Italy.  P.  2,i00. —  Valduggia  is  a  vill. 
of  N.  Italy,  Piedmont.     P.  3,100. 

Valeggio,  a  vill.  of  Austi-ian  Italy, 
on  the  Mincio.     P.  4,000. 

Valenca,  two  towns  of  Brazil. 1. 

prov.  Bahia,  cap.  Comarca,  10  miles  N. 
Cayru,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Una.  P.  1,200. 
II.  56  m.  N.E.  Oeiras.    P.  3,000. 

Valenca-do-Minho,  a  fortified  fron- 
tier town  of  Portugal.     P.  1,100. 

Valencay,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Indre.     P.  1,676. 

Valence,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
cap.  dep.  Drume,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Rhone. 

P.  8,839.- II.  a  comm.  &  small  town, 

dep.  Gers,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Baise.     P. 

1,589. III.  {V.  d'Agen),  dep.  Tarn- 

et-Garonne,  13m.W.  Moissac    P.  2,400. 

Valencia,  an  old  prov.  or  kingdom 
of  Spain,  on  the  E.  coast.  United  area, 
7,864  sq.  m.     P.  368,923. 

Valencia,  a  city  of  Spain,  cap.  prov., 
on  the  Turia  or  Guadalaviar,  3  m.  from 
its  mouth  in  the  Mediterranean,  &  2  m. 
above  its  port  La  Grao,  on  the  river,  & 
here  crossed  by  five  wide  bridges.  P. 
71,013.  It  stands  in  a  fine  plain,  &  the 
city-proper  is  enclosed  by  v?alls  of  the 
14th  century,  about  2^  m.  in  circum.,  & 
pierced  by  8  gates.  It  has  quite  a  Moor- 
ish appearance.  Streets  narrow,  &  many 
of  the  houses  have  flat  roofs.  Its  uni- 
versity had,  in  1841,  1,600  students,  70 
professors,  &  a  library  of  15,000  vols.  It 
has  also  several  academies,  a  seminary 
for  nobles,  academy  of  the  fine  arts,  & 
museums. II.  {de  Alcantara),  a  forti- 
fied town,  on  a  height,  near  the  frontier 

of  Portugal.     P.  4,700. III.  {de  Bon 

Juan),  prov.  &  20  m.  S.S.E.  Leon,  on  1.  b. 

of  the  Elsa.     P.  1,698. IV.  {del  Yen- 

toso),  prov.  &  43  m.  S.E.  Badajoz.  P. 
2,960. 

Valencia,  a  city  of  S.  Amer.,  Vene- 
zuela, cap.  prov.  P.  16,000. — The  lake 
of  Valencia  is  near  the  Caribbean  sea,  2 
m.  E.  of  this  city.  L.  22  m.,  av.  br.  6 
miles. 

Valencia,  co.  New  Mexico.  P.  14,- 
147. 

Valenciana,  a  famous  silver  mine  & 
small  town  of  the  Mexican  confederafion. 
From  1771  to  1804  the  mine  yielded  an 


annual  produce  of  600,000/.,  but  the 
works  have  been  subsequently  destroyed. 

Valenciennes,  a  comm.  &  fortified 
t.  of  France,  dep.  Nord,  on  the  Scheldt, 
27  m.  S.E.  Lille.  P.  18,558.  It  has  a 
citadel  on  an  island  in  the  Scheldt. 

Valensolle,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  B.  Alpes.     P.  2,230. 

Valentano,  a  market  town  of  Cent. 
Italy,  Pontif.  sta.     P.  1,000. 

Valentia,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast 
of  Irel.,  Munster,  co.  Kerry.     P.  2,920. 

Valentia,  an  island  in  Annesley  bay, 
Red  sea,  off  the  coast  of  Abyssinia. 

Valentine,  a  comm.  <fc  t.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Garonne.     P.  1,504. 

Valenza,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Pied- 
mont.    P.  of  comm.  7,477. 

Valenzuela,  a  town  of  Spain,  28  m. 
E.S.E.  Cordova.     P.  2,224. 

Valery  (St.),  two  comms.  &  towns,  on 
the  N.  coast  of  France. 

Valgorge,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ardeche.     P.  1,436. 

Valguarnera,  a  town  of  Sicily,  25 
m.W.N.W.  Noto.     P.  5,500. 

Valk,  or  Walk,  a  town  of  Russia,  90 
m.  N.E.  Riga.     P.  1,800. 

Valki,  or  Walki,  a  town  of  Russia, 
on  an  affl.  of  the  Donetz.     P.  8,937. 

Valla  (La),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Loire,  on  the  Jarest.     P.  2,199. 

Vallabregues,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Gard,  on  the  Rhone.  P. 
1,620. 

Valladolid,  a  city  of  Spain,  cap. 
prov.,  on  1.  b.of  thePisuerga.  P.  19,191. 
It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  entered  by 
C  gates,  &  has  many  large  &  decayed 
dwellings,  having  been  the  residence  of 
the  court,  prior  to  its  removal  to  Madrid, 
at  the  end  of  the  16th  century.  The  uni- 
versity, one  of  the  best  in  Spain,  is  chiefly 
celebrated  for  jurisprudence,  &  was  at- 
tended in  1841  by  1,300  students.  Co- 
lumbus died  here  20th  May,  1506. 

Valladolid,   sevl.  cities  of  America. 

1.  Mexican  confed.,  in  a  fine  valley, 

115  m.  W.N.W.  Mexico.  Estimated  p. 
18,000. II.  the  second  city  of  Yuca- 
tan, cap.  dep.,  90  m.  E.S.E.  Merida.  P. 
15,000. 

Vallata,  a  town  of  Naples,  13  xfi. 
S.E.  Ariano.     P.  4,400. 

Vallay,  a  small  island  of  Scotland, 
Outer  Hebrides,  co.  Inverness. 

Valle  de  Abdalajis,  a  town  of  Spain. 
P.  3,211. 

Vallecorsa  a  town  of  S.  Italy,  Pon- 
tif. sta.    P.  3,230. 

Valle  de  Uxo,  a  town  of  Spain,  15 
m.  S.W.Castellon-de-la- Plana.  P.  5,847. 


'?98 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[van 


Vallelunga,  a  town  of  Sicily,  18  m. 
Caltanisetta.  P.  3,500. —  Valle-Lagarina 
is  a  town  of  the  Tyrol.     P.  2,400.' 

Vallendar,  avill.  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
3  m.  N.N.E.  Coblenz,  on  the  Rhine.  P. 
2,910. 

Vallengin,  a  small  town  of  Switzer- 
land.    P.  6,300. 

Valleraugue,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Gard.-  P.  1,867.— FaZZe- 
rotonda  is  a  market  town  of  Naples.  P. 
2,200. 

Vallet,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Loire  Inf.     P.  5,583. 

Valletta,  the  cap.  city  of  Malta,  on 
its  N.E.  coast,  between  a  fine  double  har- 
bor. t>.  with  suburb,  about  60,000.  It 
is  enclosed  by  strong  fortifications.  It 
stands  on  ground  so  uneven,  that  many 
of  its  streets  are  successive  flights  Of 
stairs.  It  is  supplied  with  water  by  the 
aqueduct  of  Vignacourt ;  has  a  university, 
&  a  noble  dock  yard.  It  was  founded  by 
the  Grand  Master,  Valetta,  in  1566,  oo- 
cupied  by  the  French  in  1798,  &  taken 
by  the  English  in  1801. 

Vallier  (St.),  several  comnis.,  towns, 

&  vills.  of  France. 1,  a  market  town, 

dep.  DrOme.  P.  2,456. II.  a  vill.,  dep. 

Var.     P.  576. III.  a  vill.  dep.  Saone- 

et-Loire.     P.  2,201. 

Vallievo,  a  town  of  Servia.  P.  4,500. 

Valliquierville,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Seine  Inf.     P.  1,662. 

Vallo  (II),  a  town  of  Naples,  41  m. 
S.S.B.  Salerno.     P.  2,400. 

Vallon,  several  comms.  &  towns  of 

France. 1,  a  market  town,  dep.  Ard^- 

che,  10  m.  S.S.E.  Lar^entiere.    P.  2,373. 

II.  dep.   Sarthe.     P.  1,654. III. 

dep.  AUier.     P.  1,003. 

Vallorbe,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Vaud.     P.  1,500. 

Vallouisb,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Alpes.     P.  1,193. 

Valls,  a  town  of  Spain,  10  m.  N.  Tar- 
ragona.    P.  11,084. 

Valmaseda,  a  walled  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Biscay.     P.  1,384. 

Valmont,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Seine  Inf.  P.  1,112.— FaZ- 
montone  is  a  village  of  S.  Italy,  Pontif. 
sta. 

Valmy,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Marne.  Here,  in  1792,  the  Prussians 
were  defeated  by  Kellerman. 

Valognes,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Manche.     P.  5,577. 

Valois,  an  old  dist.  of  France. 

Valongo,  a  large  village  of  Portugal, 
prov.  Minho,  6  m.  E.N.E.  Oporto. 

Valparaiso,  the    chief  seaport  town 


of  Chile,  prov.  &  60  m.  W.N.W.  Santiago, 
on  the  Pacific.  P.  30,000.  It  stands  on 
a  steep  declivity,  &  in  some  ravines  along 
its  bay  N.-ward  ;  is  mostly  constructed 
of  sun-dried  bricks,  &  well  paved,  but  has 
few  remarkable  edifices.  On  a  plain  E.- 
ward  is  its  suburb  Almendral,  the  resi- 
dence of  most  of  its  merchants.  Its  har- 
bor is  defended  by  several  forts,  but  has 
no  mole  or  facilities  for  landing  goods,  & 
it  is  said  to  be  filling  up ;  the  port,  how- 
ever,  monopolizes  most  of    the  foreign 

trade  of  Chile. II.  p-v.,  cap.   Porter 

CO.  la. 

Valperga,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Pied- 
mont.    P.  3,500. 

Valpo,  a  town  of  Slavonia. 

Valrbas,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Vaucluse.     P.  3,220. 

Vals,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ardeche.    P.  2,789. 

ValsE(1uillo,  a  town  of  Canary  isls., 
on  the  E.  side  of  the  isl.  Gt.  Canary.  P. 
2,788. 

Valstagna,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy, 
deleg.  &  23  miles  N.E.  Vicenza,  on  the 
Brenta.     P.  2,200. 

Valtellina,  a  circ.  of  Austrian  dom., 
consisting  of  the  upper  valley  of  the  Adda. 

Valuiki,  or  Waluiki.  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia.    P.  3,200. 

Valva  (La),  a  small  town  of  Naples, 
10  m.  N.E.  Campagna.     P.  1,300. 

Valverde,  numerous  towns  of  Spain. 

1,  prov.  Badajoz,  near  the  Guadiana. 

P.  1,500. II.  (de.  Jucar),  prov.  &  23 

miles  S.  Cuenca. III.  {del  Camino), 

prov.  Huelva,  38  miles  W.  Sevilla.     P. 

5,239. IV.  (de  Leganes),  prov.  &  12 

m.  S.W.  Badajoz. V.  the  cap.  town  of 

the  island  of  Ferro,  Canaries.  P.  4,580. 
, —  Valverdeja  is  a  market  town,  near  the 
Tagus,  with  2,687  inhabs. 

Van  (Pashalic  of),  a  territory  of  the 
Turkish  Armenia,  having  E.  Persia,  & 
on  other  sides  the  pashs.  Kars,  Erzeroum, 
Diarbekir,  &  Mosul.  It  consists  chiefly 
of  a  lofty  basin  surrounded  by  steep 
mountains,  &  the  centre  of  which  is  oc- 
cupied by  the  L.  of  Van,  the  estimated 
area  of  which  is  1,200  sq.  Pop.  chiefly 
Armenian  Christians  in  the  N.,  elsewhere, 
Mohammedans ;  Turks  occupj'ing  the 
centre,  &  Koord  tribes  the  S.  part  of  the 
pashalic. —  Van  (ancient  Artemita),  cap. 
of  pash.,  is  a  fortified  city  on  the  E.  shore 
of  the  lake  of  Van,  145  m.  S.E.  Erzeroum. 
P.  30,000.  About  500  looms  here  are  re- 
ported to  be  employed  in  manuf  fabrics 
from  cotton  imported  from  Persia,  & 
these  goods,  with  rural  produce,  consti- 
tute its  chief  exports. 


vAnl 


Ui>i.. jj-.voal  gazetteer. 


799 


Vana,  the  loftiest  mountain  of  South 
Wales,  CO.  &  5m.  S.W.  Brecon.  Height 
above  the  sea,  2,862  ft. 

Van  Buren,  several  cos.  U.  S.— ' — I. 
in  S.W.  of  Michigan,  cap.  Pawpitw.  Area, 

633  sq.  m.     P.  5,800. II.  in  S.W.  of 

Iowa,  cap.  Keousauke.     Area,  504  sq.  m. 

P.  12,270. III.  in  W.  part  of  Missouri, 

cap.  Harrisonville.     Area,  648  sq.  m.  P. 

4.888. IV.  Arkansas,  cap.  Clinton.  P. 

3  864. V.  CO.  Middle  Tennessee.     P. 

2,674. VI.  t.,  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.     P. 

3,873. -VII.    p-v.,   cap.  Riley  co.  Mo. 

VIII.  cap.  Crawford  co.  Ark. 

Vancouver's  Island,  Brit.  N.  Amer- 
ica, Oregon  territory,  between  lat.  48° 
20'  &  51°  N.,  &  Ion.  123°  &  128°  W., 
separate!  from  the  mainland  by  Queen 
Charlotte  sound  &  the  gulf  of  Georgia. 
L.  N.W.  to  S.E.,  300  m.,  gr.  br.  75  m. 
Estimated  area  16,000  sq.  miles,  &  p. 
11,453.  Surface  mountainous  &  richly 
wooded.  On  its  AV.  coast  are  Nootka 
sound  &  many  other  harbors.  Coal  has 
been  discovered  at  M'Niel's  harbor,  & 
the  i,3land  has  been  made  over  by  the 
British  government  to  the  Hudson  Bay 
Co. — Fort  Vancouver  is  the  principal  set- 
tlement of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Co.,  W.  the 
Piocky  mountains,  in  the  U.  S.  Oregon 
territory,  on  the  N.  side  of  Columbia  riv- 
er, here  1  m.  across,  90  m.  from  the  sea, 
&  at  the  head  of  its  navigation  by  sea- 
going vessels. 

Vandalia,  a  vill.,  Fayette  co.,  for- 
merly cap.  of  the  state  Illinois,  on  the 
Kaskaskia,  66  m.  S.E.  Springfield.  P. 
1,100. 

Vanderberg,  CO.,  la.  Area  225  sq. 
miles.     Cap.  Evansville.     P.  11,414. 

Van  DiEMEN  (Cape),  the  most  N. 
point  of  Melville  islandr-N.  Australia. — 
{Gulf),  N.  Australia,  is  100  miles  in 
length,  E.  to  W.,  &  60  miles  across. — 
{Inlet),  N.  Australia,  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  gulf  of  Carpentaria. — {Land),  N. 
Australia. 

Van  Diemen's  Land,  an  island  & 
British  eolony^  off  the  S.  extremity  of  Aus- 
tralia, from  which  it  is  separated  by 
Bass's  strait,  &  lying  betw.  lat.  40°  44' 
&  43°  39'  S.,  &  Ion.  144°  38'  &  148°  24' 
E.  It  is  somewhat  heart-shaped,  1.  &  gr. 
br.  each  about  180  m.  Area  estimated 
at  27,000  sq.  m.,  or  about  7-8ths  of  the 
size  of  Ireland.  P.  70,130,  of  whom  53,- 
031  are  free  colonists,  &  17,099  convicts. 
Benlomond  rises  to  4,200  feet,  &  Wjlde's 
Craig  to  4,500  feet  in  elevation  ;  a  chain 
called  the  Western  mountains,  averaging 
3,500.  feet,  extends  N.  to  S.,  enclosing 
many  lakes,  &  scattered  over  the  island 


[  are  many  isolated  peaks  from  3,000  to 
4,000  feet  in  height.  Some  rich  flats  ex- 
tend along  the  rivers,  but  the  country  is 
mostly  high,  undulating,  &  with  a  soil 
not  so  fertile  as  in  some  parts  of  Austra- 
lia. Timber  is  plentiful.  Coal,  with 
iron,  copper,  &  several  other  metallic 
ores,  are  met  with,  but  few,  if  any,  mines 
are  wrought.  Principal  town,  Hobart 
Town,  the  cap.,  &  Launceston.  In  1803, 
it  began  to  be  a  British  penal  settle- 
ment ;  the  convict  stations  are  'now 
almost  wholly  confined  to  Maria  island 
&  Tasman  peninsula. 

Van  Dyke  (Jost  &  Little),  two  Brit. 
W.  India  islands.  Virgin  isls. 

Vaniambaddy,  a  town  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  &  105  m.  W.S.W-  Madras,  on  an 
island  in  the  Palaur. 

Vanikoro  or  Pitt's  Island,  Pacific 
ocean,  New  Hebrides,  is  in  lat.  11°  37'  S., 
Ion.  166°  49'  E. 

Vannes,  a  comm.  &  seaport  town  of 
France,  cap.  dep.  Morbihan,  near  the 
Ingoon  of  Slorbihan,  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Brittany.     P.  9,546. 

Vanosc,  a  comra.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Ardeohe.     P.  1,667. 

Vans  (Les),  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Ardeche.     P.  2,610. 

Vansittart  (Bay),  N.W.  Australia, 
is  E.  of  Admiraltj'  gulf.- — {Hills),  E.  Aus- 
tralia, are  N.  of  Liverpool  Plains. — {Isl- 
and), British  N.  America. 

Vanves,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine.     P.  1,984. 

Van  Wert,  a  N.W.  co.  Ohio.  Area, 
432  sq.m.    P.  4,813.— Fon.    Wert, -p'-y., 

is  the  cap. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Paulding  co. 

Georgia. 
Vanzandt,  CO.,  Texas.    P.  1,438. 

Vaprio,  two  towns  of  N.  Italy. 1. 

Piedmont.      P     3,000. II.    Austrian 

Italy.     P.  2,000. 

Var,  a  frontier  river  of  France  &  Italy, 
after  a  course  of  60  m.  enters  the  Medit- 
erranean. 

Var,  the  most  S.E.  dep.  of  France, 
having  S.  &  S.E.  the  Mediterranean. 
Area,  2,825  sq.  m.     P.  357,667. 

Varades,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Loire  Inf.  P.  3,483.-70- 
rages,  is  a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Var.  P. 
1,508. 

Vaballo,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Pied- 
mont, div.  &  30  m.  N.W.  Novara.  P.  of 
comm.  2,807. 

Vaeanger  Fiord,  a  deep  inlet  of  the 
Arctic  ocean,  between  Russian  Lapland 
&  Norway  (Finmark). 

Varano,  a  lagoon  of  Naples,  prov. 
Capitanata,  on  the  Adriatic  shore.     L.  5 


800 


CYCLOPEDIA  OF  GEOGRAPHY. 


m. ;  br.  4  m.     On  its  E.  side  is  the  villnge 

Varano. II.  (Slav.  Varanov),  a  vill. 

of  N.  Hungary,  co.  Zemplin,  on  the  On- 
dava. —  Varapodio,  is  a  market  town  of 
Naples,  10  m.  S.E.  Gioja.     P.  1,200. 

Varazzs,  or  Yakaggio,  a  comm.  & 
market  town  of  the  Sardinian  dom.,  N. 
Italy.     P.  7,779. 

Varberg,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden, 
37  miles  N.N.W.  Hel-mstadt,  on  the  Kat- 
tegat.    P.  1,690. 

Vardar,  a  river  of  European  Turkey, 
Macedonia,  after  a  S.  course  of  170  m. 
enters  the  j35gean  sea. 

Varde,  a  town  of  Denmark,  prov.  Jiit- 
land,  23  m.  N.N.W.  Kibe,  on  the  Varde. 
P.  1,400. 

Vahdce,  an  island  of  Norway,  in  the 
Arctic  ocean,  off  Finmark. 

Varel,  a  market  town  of  N.  Germany, 
Qldenburg,  35  miles  N.W.  Bremen.  P. 
3,164. 

Varela,  an  islet  in  the  strait  of  Ma- 
lacca, 60  m.  B.  Delli,  Sumatra. —  Cape 
Varella,  or  Avarella,  Anam,  is  the  most 
E.  headland  of  Cochin-China,  76  miles 
S.S.E.  Quinhone^ — The  false  C.  Avarella 
is  another  headland,  90  m.  further  S. 

Varenna,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy, 
deleg.  Como,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  lake 
ofComo.     P.  2,000. 

Varennes,  numerous  comms.,  towns, 

&  vills.  of  Fi-ance. 1,  {sur  Ailier),  dep. 

Allier.     P.  1,468. II.  {en  Argonne), 

dep.  Meuse.  P.  1,538.  Here  Louis  XVI. 
&  his  family  were  detected  &  seized  in 
their  attempted  flight,  20th  June,  1791. 

III.  {St.  Sauveur),    dep.  Saone-et- 

Loire.  P.  1,934. IV.  {sous  Dun),  same 

dep.    P.  1,435. V.  {sous  Montsoreau), 

dep.  Maine-et-Loire.     P.  2,596. 

Varese,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy, 
Lombaidy,  13  miles  W.  Como.     P.  8,360. 

II.  a  market  town,  Sard,  dom.,  14  m. 

N.E.  Chiavari.  P.  of  comm.  6,600.— The 
lake  of  Varese,  Lombardy,  is  4  miles  E. 
Lago  Maggiore. 

Varhely,  a  vill.  of  Transylvania. 

Varick,  a  township.  New  York,  Sene- 
ca CO.,  between  Cayuga  &  Seneca  lakes, 
8  m.  S.  AVaterloo."  P.  1,872. 

Varignana,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Pon- 
tif.  states.     P.  3,000. 

Varilles,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Ariege,  on  the  Ariege.  P. 
1,700.      , 

Varinas,  a  town  of  S.  America,  Vene- 
zuela, on  the  St.  Domingo.     P.  ^,000. 

Varkhan,  a  large  vill.  of  Turkish  Ar- 
menia, pash.  Van,  22  m.  W.S.W.  Bitlis. 

Varna,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of 
European  Turkey,  Bulgaria.      P.  from 


16,000  to  20,000.  It  is  wretchedly  built, 
but  has  one  of  the  best  ports  on  this  coast, 
&  is  the  entrepot  for  the  produce  of  Bul- 
garia sent  to  Constantinople.  Here  the 
Hungarian  army  of  Ladislaus  &  John 
Huniades  was  totally  defeated  by  the 
Turks  under  Amurath  II.,  10th  Nov. 
1444.  The  town  was  taken  by  the  Eus- 
sians  in  1828. 

Vahnavin,  a  town  of  Kussia,  on  the 
Betluga.    P.  1,600. 

Vars,  a  comm.  &  market  town,  France, 
dep.  Charente.    P.  2,035. 

Varzi,  two  towns  of  N.  Italy. 1. 

duchy  &  25  m.  S.W.  Parma.    P.  1,500. 

II.  Sard  dom.,  div.  Genoa.     P.  with 

comm.  2,045. 

Vahzy,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Nievre.     P.  2,058. 
~     Vasa,  a  seaport  town  of  Finland,  on  a 
small  bay  of  the  Baltic.     P.  3,340. 

Vasarhely,  several  large  mkt.  towns 

of  Hungary,  &c. 1.  {Somlo  V.),  co.  & 

25  m.  W.  Veszprim,  on  the  Torna.     P. 

25,000. II.  {Hold  Mezo  Y.),  co.  Cson- 

grad,  on  Lake  Hodos.   P.  26,166. IIL 

{Kezdi  v.),  Transylvania,  Szeklerland. 

Vasarhely,  a  town  of  Transylvania. 
P.  10,000. 

Vasiljchki,  a  market  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  gov.  Grodno.     P.  1,550. 

Vasilkov,  a  town  of  Russia,  18  miles 
S.S.W.  Kiev.     P.  8,000. 

Vassalborough,  a  township,  Kenne- 
bec CO.  Maine,  on  the  Kennebec  riv.  P. 
2,952. 

VAssy,  two  comms.  &  towns  of  France. 

1,  dep.  H.  Marne,  on  the  Blaise.     P. 

2,456.  It  is  celebrated  in  history  for  the 
massacre  of  its  Protestant  inhabitants, 
by  order  of  the  duke  de  Guise  in  1562. 

II.  dep.  Calvados.      P.  3,276.— ie 

Vast,  is  a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Manche.  P. 
1,531. 

Vastan,  a  vill.  &  castle  of  Turkish 
Armenia,  pash.  Van,  at  the  S.  extremity 
of  the  lake  of  Van. 

Vasto  (II),  a  town  of  Naples,  31  miles 
S.E.  Chieti.  P.  9,000.— (Fasto  Gerardo), 
a  market  town,  on  the  Trigno.     P.  1,800. 

Vatan,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Indre,  12  miles  N.W.  Issoudun.  P. 
2,049. 

Vatersa,  an  island  of  the  Outer  Heb- 
rides, Scotland,  co.  Inverness. 

Vathi,  the  cap.  town  of  the  Ionian  isl- 
and, Ithaca.    P.  2,500. II.  a  town,  ou 

the  N.E.  shore  of  the  island  Samos,  with 
2,400  inhabitants. 

Vaticano  (Cape),  Naples. 

Vatz,  two  vills.  of  Switzerland,  «ant. 
Grisons,  in  the  valley  of  the  Pihine. 


vel] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


801 


Vaubecoubt,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Mouse.     P.  1,088. 

Vauclin  (Le),  a  town  of  the  French 
W.  Indie?,  itflaud  Martinique,  on  its  E. 
coast.     P.  4,878. 

Vaucluse,  a  dep.  of  France,  in  the 
SE.,  having  S.  &  W.  the  Duniuce  & 
Rhune  rivers.  Area  1,373  sq.  miles.  P. 
264,618.- — The  Fontaine  de  Vaucluse  is  a 
vill.  &  remarkable  fountain  in  this  dep., 
15  m.  E.  Avignon. 

Vaucouleuhs,  a  comiu.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Meuse.     P.  2,375. 

Vauu,  aciint.  of  W.  Switzerland,  hav- 
ing S.  the  lake  of  Geneva.  Area  1,185- 
sq.  miles.  P.  183,582,  nearly  all  Protes- 
tants. 

Vaudelenay,  a  comm.  &  village  of 
France,  dep.  Maine-et- Loire.     P.  1,220. 

Vaugirard,  a  comm.  of  France,  dep. 
Seine,  forming  a  suburb  of  Paris  on  the 
S.W.     P.  12,978. 

Vaulion,  a  mountain  &  vill.  of  Swit- 
zerland, cant.  Vaud. 

Vausim,  a  town  of  India,  Deccan. 

Vauvert,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Gard.  P.  3,681. —  Vauvillers 
is  a  comm.  &  town,  dep.  H.  Saone.  P. 
1,246. 

Vaux,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
PihOne.  P.  2,038. — Yaux  is  the  name  of 
numerous  other  comms  ,  chiefly  in  W.  & 
Central  France. 

Vauxhall,  a  suburb  of  the  British 
metropolis,  in  Surrey.  W.  Keunington, 
2i  m.  S.S.W.  St.  Paul's,  London. 

Vavao,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  ocean, 
Friendly  Isls.    L.  10  m.    Estim.  p.  6,000. 

Vavitou,  one  of  the  Society  Islands, 
Pacific  ocean,  Touboui  group.  » 

Vaxholm,  a  strongly  fortified  town  of 
Sweden,  15  m.  E.  Stockholm,  on  the  isl. 
Vasoe.     P.  1.000. 

Vaynor,  a  pa.  of  S.  Wales,  co.  Brecon. 
P.  2,286. 

Vayrac,  a  comm.  &  village  of  France, 

dep.  Lot.    P.  1,730. Vayres  is  a  comm. 

&  viU.,  dep.  Gironde.     P.  1,588. 

Yazir  abad,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  near 
the  Cheuab. 

Vechelde,  a  vill.  of  Germany,  duchy 
&  6  m.  ■\V.  Brunswick. 

Vecht,  an  arm  of  the  Rhine,  in  the 
Netherl.inds,  separates  from  the  Old 
Ithine   at  Utrecht,  &  enters  the  Zuyder- 

Zee.    L.  18  m. II.  a  river  of  Prussian 

Westphfilia,  Hanover,  enters  the  Zuyder- 
Zee.     L.  90  m. 

Vechta,  a  walled  town  of  N.W.  Ger- 
many, 28  miles  S.  Oldenburg.     P.  1,976. 

Veckerkagen,  amarkettown  of  Ger- 
many, H.  Cassel,  on  the  Weser.   P.  1,888. 
34* 


Veendam  &  Veenendaal,  two  vills. 
of  the  Netherlands. 

Vebk,  a  marit.  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, on  the  N.E  coast  of  the  island 
Walchereu.     P.  1,082. 

Vega  (La),  a  town  of  Hayti,  78  miles 
N.W.  St.  Domingo. 

Vegesack,  a  mkt.  town  of  Germany, 
on  the  AVeser.     P.  2,000. 

Veglia,  an  island  of  the  Adriatic, 
comprised  in  the  Austrian  kingdom  of 
Illyria,  in  the  gulf  of  Quarnoro,  E.  Is- 
tria.  L.  23  m.,  gr.  br.  12  m.  P.  15,000. 
—  Veglia,  the  cap.  town,  on  its  S.W. 
side,  has  a  small  harbor.     P.  3,600. 

Veile,  a  town  of  Denmark,  Jijtland. 
P.  2,000.—  Veilefiord  is  an  inlet  on  the  E. 
coast  of  Jijtland,  15  m.  in  length. 

Veit  (St.),  a  town  of  Illyria,  Carin- 

thia,  on  the  Glan.     P.  1,509. II.  a 

mkt.  town  of  Lower  Austria. 

Vejer,  a  town  of  Spain,  27  m.  S.E. 
Cadiz,  on  the  Barbate.     P.  8,360. 

Velay,  an  old  div.  of  France,  of  which 
Le  Puy  was  the  cap.      ' 

Velazgherd,  a  town  of  Persia. 

Velden,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  22  m.  N.E. 

Nlirnberg. II.  a  market  town  on  the 

Vils. III.  a  vill.  of  Carinthia,  10  m. 

E.  Villach. 

Velestina,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, Thessaly. 

Velez,  a  town,  S.  Amer.,  New  Grana- 
da.    Also  several  towns  of  Spain. 1. 

( V.  Blanco),  60  m.  N.N.E.  Almeria.     P. 

7,546. II.  {de  Benaudalla)  30  m.  S.E. 

Granada.  P.  3,150. —  Velez  de  Gomera 
is  a  town  of  Morocco,  on  a  rock  near  the 
Mediterranean. 

Velez  Malaga,  a  town  of  Spain,  14 
m.  B.N.E.  Malaga,  on  the  river  Velez. 
P.  16,000. 

Velez  Rubio,  a  town  of  Spain,  proT. 
&  54  m.  N.N.E.  Almeria.     P.  12,342. 

Velij,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  47 
m.  N.E.  Vitebsk,  cap.  circ,  on  the  Dvi- 
na.     P.  6,800. 

Velikaia,  a,  river  of  Russia,  enters 
the  lake  of  Pskov,  S.E.  extremity,  after 
a  course  of  160  m. 

Veliki-Luki,  3  town  of  Russia,  132 
m.  S.E.  Pskov,  on  the  Lovat.     P.  4,000. 

Velilla  (de  Ebro),  a  market  town  of 
Spain,  35  m.  S.E.  Zaragoza. —  Velille-is  a 
town  of  S.  Peru.  70  m.  S.  Cuzco. 

Velino  {Monte),  a  mountain  of  Cent. 

Italy,  Naples,   785   feet   high. II.  a 

river,  rising  on  its  N.  declivity,  flows 
K.N.W.  past  Rieti  to  join  the  Nera. 
Course  54  m.  The  falls  of  the  Velino, 
called  the  Cascata  del  Marmore,  near  its 
junction  with  the  Nera,  are  celebra,ted  aa 


802 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[VEN 


amongst  the  finest  cascades  in  the  worlJ, 
&  the^more  curious  as  being  artificial  for 
drainage.  They  consist  of  three  sepa- 
rated leaps.     Total  height  850  feet. 

Vellano,  a  village  of  Tuscany.  P. 
2,500.  ^    ,. 

Vellaur,  a  river  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras,  enters  the  Indian  ocean, 
after  an  E.-ward  course  of  100  m. 

Vellebitz,  a  mountain  range  in  the 
Austrian  empire. 

Velleia,  a  buried  city  of  antiquity, 
"  the  Pompeii  of  N.  Italy,"  duchy  Par- 
ma, on  the  Nura,  18  m.  S.  Piacenza.  It 
is  supposed  to  have  been  submerged  by 
the  crumbling  of  an  adjacent  mountain 
about  the  end  of  the  3d  century,  &  it  re- 
mained concealed  till  the  year  1760, 
when,  &  subsequently,  an  amphitheatre, 
temples,  a  forum,  &  many  dwellings 
were  discovered. 

Velletri,  a  walled  town  of  S.  Italy, 
Pontif.  sta.,  21  miles  S.E.  Rome.  P. 
10,000.  ,  „     .  ^  X 

Vellore,  a  town  &  fort  of  British  In- 
dia, presid.  Madras. 

Velsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the  Vaga. 
P.  1,800. 

Veluchi  (Mount),  the  principal  sum- 
mit of  Mount  (Eta,  N.  Greece,  &  7,657  ft. 
in  elevation. 

Velz'en,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands,  on 
the  Y.    P.  2,088. 

Vementry,  one  of  the  small  Shetland 
islands,  Scotland. 

Venachoib,  or  Vennachar  (Loch), 
Scotland,  co.  Perth. 

Venafro,  a  town  of  Naples,  prov.  T. 
di  Lavora,  27  miles  N.W.  Capua.  P. 
2,800. 

Venaissin,  an  old  co.  of  France. 
Venango,  a  co.  in  N.W.  of  Pennsyl- 
vania.    Area,  1,120  sq.  m.     P.  18,360.- 
Also  several  townships,  the  principal  in 
Penn.,  co.  Crawford.     P.  1,299. 

Venant  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Pas-de-Calais.     P,.2,467. 

Venasca,  a  town  of -N.  Italy,  Pied- 
mont, 8  m.  S.W.  Saluzzo.  P.  of  comm. 
2,650.  ^  ^     .     ^^      ., 

VBNAsauE,  a  town  of  Spain,  45  miles 

N.E.  Huesca. -11.  a  comm.  &  market 

town  of  France,  dep.  Vaucluse.  P.  983. 
^Venans  is  a  comm.  &  vill.,  Sardinian 
dom.,  Piedmont.     P.  1,428. 

Vencatigherry,  a  town  of  British 
India,  presid.  Madras. 

Vence,  a  comra.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Var.     P.  3,101. 

Vendee,  a  marit.  dep.  of  France,  in 
theW.  having' N.  the  Atlantic.  Area, 
2,616  sq.  m.    P.  383,734.    Surface  plain- 


N.  &  W.,  &  mar.-ihy  toward   the  coast, 

elsewhere  undulating  &   wooded. -11. 

a  river  of  France,  giving  name  to  this 
dep.,  the  S.E.  part  of  which  it  traverses, 
after  a  course  of  46  m.  joins  the  Sevre- 
Niortaise.- 

Venden,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Li- 
vonia, on  the  Aa,  50  m.  N.E.  Riga.  P. 
2,000. 

Vendeuvbe,     a   comm.    &    town    of 

France,  dep.    Aube.     P.  1,841. II.  a 

coram.,  dep.  Vienne.     P.  1,955. 

Vendome.  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Loir-et-Cher.  P.  6,709.  It  has  a 
ruined,  but  once  strongly-fortified  castle 
of  the  dukes  of  Vendome. 

Vendotena,  an  island  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean, belonging  to  Naples.     P.  500. 

Vendrell,  a  town  of  Spain,  17  m. 
N.E.  Tarragona.     P.  3,982. 

Veneria,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  6  miles 
N.W.  Turin.     P.  3,207. 

Venev,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Tula. 
P.  3,400. 

Venezuela,  the  most  N.  of  the  repub- 
lics in  S.  Amer.,  its  territory  chiefly  be- 
tween lat.  2°  &  12°  N.,  &  Ion.  60°  &  73° 
W;,  having  E.  British  Guiana,  S.  Brazil, 
W.  New  Granada,  &  N.  the  Caribbean 
sea.  Estimated  area,  416,600  sq.  m. 
P.  (1839)  945,247,  consisting  of  whites, 
Indians,  negroes,  &  mixed  races,  &  very 
thinly  distributed.  The  lakes  Maracay- 
bo  &  Valencia,  &  islands  Margarita  & 
Tortuga,  bfelong  to  this  republic.  All 
the  finest  tropical  products  grow  luxuri- 
ously. Government  vested  in  a  senate 
&  house  of  representatives  ;  the  execu- 
tive power  being  in  the  hands  of  a  pres- 
ident &  vice-president.  The  territory  is 
divided  into  five  deps.,  &  into  13  provs. 
Chief  cities,  Caracas,  the  cap.,  Valencia, 
Maracaybo,  &  Bavquesimeto. 

Venice,  a  fortified  city  of  Austrian 
Italy,  &  one  of  the  two  caps,  of  the  Lom- 
bard©-Venetian  kingdom,  in  the  lagoons 
of  Venice,  a  sort  of  vast  lake,  separated 
from  the  Adriatic  by  a  long  belt  of  low 
land,  &  2  m.  from  the  continent,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  a  stupendous 
bridge  of  222  arches,  forming  part  of  the 
railway  to  Padua;  lat.  of  St.  Mark  45° 
25'  9"  N.,  Ion.  12°  20'  2"  E.  P.  1 10,000. 
Mean  temperature  of  year  55°  .3  ;  win- 
ter 38°  ;  summer  73°  ;  Fahr.  It  is  the 
see  of  a  Roman  Catholic  primate,  Greek 
&  Armenian  bishops,  &  the  residence  of 
the  viceroy  during  part  of  the  winter  ; 
the  centre  of  the  maritime  establishments 
of  Austria,  &  the  residence  of  the  com- 
mander-general of  the  imperial  marine. 
Venice,  for  many  centuries,  the  cap.  of  a 


ven] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


803 


celebrated  republic,  the  first  maritime  & 
commercial  power  of  the  world,  &  oae  of 
the   finest  cities    in  Europe,  is   unique, 
both  as  regards  position  &  construction, 
being  built  entirely  on  piles  &  occupy- 
ing 70  or  80  small  islands,  separated  by 
149    canals,   which    are  crossed  by  306 
bridges.     The  chief  of  the  former  is  the 
Canal  Grande,  100  to  180  feet  wide,  & 
bordered     by    magnificent    palaces     & 
churches ;     it    separates    the    city    into 
two    nearly  equal    portions,  which    are 
connected  by  the   bridge  of  the  Rialto. 
built  of  white  marble,  &  consisting  of  a 
single  arch.     The  streets  or  lanes  are  so 
narrow  &  intricate  as  to  render  the  city 
a  vast  labyrinth,  &  being  fit  only  for  foot- 
passengers,  the  place  of  wheel-carriages 
is  supplied  by  small  barges,  called  gon- 
dolas, the  peculiar  form  &  great  number 
of  which  constantly  traversing  the  princi- 
pal canals,  fori^s  one  of  the  chief  charac- 
teristics of  the  city.     The  largest  street, 
the  Merceria,  in  which  are  the  best  shops, 
is  only  15  feet  wide.     Venice  contains  a 
vast  number  of  magnificent  churches  & 
palaces,  adorned  with  the  paintings  of 
Titian  &  the  frescoes  of  Tintoretto  &  Paul 
Veronese.     The  old  library  of  St.  Mark 
occupies  a  magnificent  hall,  &  in  the  same 
'  building  is  the  Zecca,  or  mint,  where,  in 
1284,  the  celebrated  ducat  of  Venice,  the 
most  ancient  coin  in  Europe,  was  struck. 
The  former  palace  of  the  doge,  built  by 
Marino  Faliero  in  the  14th  century,  is  re- 
markable for  its  architecture,  &  its  im- 
posing mass ;    its    interior   is  decorated 
with  many  of  the  finest  works   of  the 
great  masters.     The  bridge  oj" siglis  con- 
nects this  palace  with  the  former  prisons 
&  dungeons  of  the  inquisition.     Among 
the  ecclesiastical  edifices,  the  most  mag- 
nificent is  the  church  of  St.  Mark,  with 
its  gcftden  ceilings,  its  pavement  of  jas- 
per &  porphyry,  its  500  columns  of  black, 
white,  &  veined  marble,  bronze,  alabas- 
ter, verde  antique  &  serpentine.    It  con- 
tains the  celebrated  Palla  d'  Oro,  a  spe- 
cies of  mosaic,  in  gold,  silver,  &  enamel, 
made  at  Constantinople  in  the  10th  cen- 
tury,  &   a  vast  reliquiary,    with  many 
antiquities  &  objects  of  art.      Over  the 
portal  of  this  magnificent  temple,  the  4 
celebrated    bronze    horses    which   were 
founded  at  Corinth,  &  successively  adorn- 
ed Athens,  Rome,  Constantinople,  Venice, 
&  Paris,  were  replaced  in  1815.     In  front 
of  St.  Mark,  are  three  bronze  pedestals, 
with  masts,  now  bearing   the    Austrian 
standards,  &  near  it  are  the  Campanile 
tower,  the  Terro  dell  Orologio,  or  clock 
tower,  &  two  granite  oolumns,  one  sur- 


mounted by  the  lion  of  St.  Mark,  &  the 
other  by  the  statue  of  St.  Theodore.  The 
library  of  St.  Mark,  comprising  90,000 
vols.,  with  a  fine  cabinet  of  antiquities  & 
medals,  is  one  of  the  richest  in  Italy,  & 
among  the  largest  in  Europe.  One  of 
the  mo.'St  remarkable  institutions  in  Ven- 
ice, is  that  of  the  Archivio  Generale, 
which  contains  an  immense  mass  of  doc- 
uments relative  to  the  history  of  Venice. 
In  the  niiddle  ages,  Venice  had  a  mo- 
nopoly of  the  manuf.  of  glass.  The  ori- 
gin of  Venice  dates  from  the  period  of  the 
invasion  of  Attila  in  452,  when  a  num- 
ber of  the  inhabitants  of  Venetia,  &  other 
parts  of  Italy,  taking  refuge  in  the  isls. 
of  the  Adriatic,  formed  a  confederation 
to  oppose  the  barbarians.  In  697  they 
elected,  as  the  head  of  their  government, 
a  doge  or  duke  (dux).  The  Venetian 
states  formed  themselves  into  a  republic 
in  809.  In  997  they  took  possession  of  the 
town  of  Narenta,  a  nest  of  pirates,  & 
thus  commenced  their  maritime  power; 
they  afterwards  subjugated  all  the  towns 
of  Dalmatia.  The  crusades  were  a  source 
of  aggrandizement  for  Venice.  At  the  end 
of  the  12th  century,  the  Venetians  made 
themselves  masters  of  part  of  the  Morea, 
Corfu,  Cephalonia,  &  Crete.  During  2  cen- 
turies they  monopolized  the  commerce  of 
India  by  the  route  of  Egypt ;  but  they 
lost  this  on  the  discovery  of  the  passage 
by  the  cape  of  Good  Hope.  The  state  at- 
tained the  height  of  its  prosperity  in  the 
15th  century.  It  began  to  decline  in  the 
beginning  of  the  16th  century,  &  its  over- 
throw was  completed  by  the  French  in 
1797.  By  the  treaty  of  Presburg,  in 
1805,  it  was  made  over,  with  the  provs. 
of  the  continent,  to  the  kingdom  of  Italy, 
&  was  held  by  the  French  till  1814,  when 
it  reverted  to  Austria.  In  1848,  the 
Venetians  revolted  against  the  Austrians, 
&  held  the  city  for  several  months.-^The 
gulf  of  Venice  is  formed  by  the  Adriatic, 

on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Italy. II.  a  tnshp., 

Cayuga  co.  New  York,  15  m.  S.  Auburn. 

P.  2,105. III.  p-v.,  Erie  co.  N.  Y.     P. 

500. IV.  t.,  Seneca  co.  0.     P.  1,222. 

Venlo,  a  fortified  town  of  the  Neth- 
erlands.    P.  7,179. 

Venosa,  a  town  of  Naples,  23  miles 
N.N.E.  Potenza.     P.  6,000. 

Ventabren,  acomm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Bouches-du-RhOne.     P.  1,600. 

Ventipook,  a  vill.  of  Cashmere. 

Ventnor,  a  rapidly  increasing  town 
on  the  S.  coast  of  Isle  of  Wight. 

Ventoux  (Mont),  France,  dep.  Vau- 
cluse,  is  near  the  frontier  of  dep.  Drome. 
Height  6,263  ft. 


804 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[VER 


Venzone,  a  market  town  of  Austrian 
Italy,  gov.  Venice.     P.  3,300. 

Vera,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  &  39  m. 
N.E.  Almeria.     P.  8,470. 

Vera  Cruz,  a  maritime  dep.  of  the 
Mexican  confed.,  having  N.  &  E.  the  Ca- 
ribbean sea.  Area,  27,660  sq.  m.  P. 
254,380.  Chief  towns,  Jalapa,  the  cap., 
Vera  Cruz,  Alvarado,  Tamiagua,  & 
Tampico. —  Vera  Cruz,  the  principal  sea- 
port town  of  the  Mexican  eonfed.,  in 
above  state,  on  the  gulf  of  MexieOj 
nearly  200  miles  E.S.E.  Mexico.  P. 
6,500.  It  is  regularly  &  well  built  &, 
.clean,  but  in  a  most  unhealthy  situation, 
surrounded  by  sand-hills  &  marshes. 
Storms  &  violent  N.  winds  here  often  in- 
jure shipping ;  but  Vera  Qruz  has  an  ex- 
tensive trade.  Vera  Cruz  was  bombard- 
ed &  taken  by  the  army  of  the  U.  S.,  iST. 
America,  in  1847. —  Old  Vera  Cruz  is  a 
vill.,  15  miles  N.W.,  where  Cortez  disem- 
barked in  1518. 

Veragua  (Santiago  de),  a  town  of 
Central  America,  but  belonging,  with  its 
prov.,  to  the  republic  of  New  Granada, 
dep.  Isthmus.  P.  5,000.--The  prov.  Ve- 
ragna,  the  most  W.  of  the  state  New 
Granada,  extends  from  the  Pacific  ocean 
to  the  Caribbean  sea. 

Vera  Paz,  a  prov.  of  Central  America, 
state  Guatemala,  having  S.  the  prov. 
Guatemala,  &  N.  Peten&  Brit.  Honduras. 

Verawow,  the  principal  town  in  the 
desert  of  Parkur,  Scinde,  on  a  fresh  water 
lake,  3  m.  in  circ. 

Verbas,  a  river  of  European  Turkey, 
Bosnia,  joins  the  Save.    L.  100  m. 

Verbehie,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Oise.     P.  1,3'^1. 

Verbicaro,  a  market  town  of  Naples, 
28  m.  N.  Paola.     P.  4,000. 

Verbicz,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.  Hungary, 
on  the  Waag.     P.  2,010. 

Vercel,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Doubs.     P.  1,259. 

Vercelli,  a  city  of  N.  Italy,  Pied- 
mont, 14  m.  N.  Casale.  P.  with  comm. 
18,253. 

Verdachellum,  a  town  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Madras. 

Verde,  two  rivers  of  Brazil,  one  tribu- 
tary to  the  river  Parang,  the  other  to  the 
San  Francisco. 

Verden,  a  town  of  Germany,  Han- 
over.    P.  4,670. 

Verdon,  a  river  of  France,  joins  the 
Durance  after  a  course  of  100  m. 

Verdun,  several  towns,  comma.,  Ac, 

of  France. 1,  dep.    Meuse,    on    the 

Meuse.      P.   10,596.      In    1792,    it    was 
bombarded  &  taken  by  the  Prussians, 


but  re.stored  to  the  French  after  the  bat- 
tle of  Va!  my. II.  {sur  Garonne),  dep. 

Tarn-et-Garonne,  on  I.  b.  of  the  Garonne. 

P.  1,876. III.  {sur  Saone),  dep.  Sa- 

one-et-Loire,  on  the  Saone.     P.  2,050. — 
Verdunois,  an  old  division  of  France. 

Vereja,  a  town  of  Eussia,  gov.  &  62 
m.  W.S.W.  Moscow.     P.  6,000. 

Verfeil,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Garonne.     P.  2,185. 

Vehga  (Cape),  a  headland  of   Sene- 
35  m.  S.  Cape  Nunez. 

Vergara,  a  town  of  Spain,  20  miles 
S.W.  Tolosa.     P.  3,480. 

Vehgennbs,  a  citj',  Addison  co.  Ver- 
mont, on  Otter  creek,  at  the  head  of  its 
navigation,  38  miles  W.S.W.  Montpelier. 
P.  1,817.  It  is  neatly  built,  &  has  ex- 
tensive iron  works.  Vessels  of  300  tons 
can  reach  its  wharf. 

Vergoze,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Gard.     P.  1,326. 

Veria  (La),  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, Macedonia.     P.  8,000. 

Verkhne,  a  prefixed  name  of  many 
towns  of  the  Russian  empire. — 1.  {V. 
Dnieprovsk),,  on  rt.   b.  of  the  Dnieper. 

P.  2,800. II.  {Kolymsk),   E.  Siberia, 

on  1.  b.  of  the  Kolyma. III.  {Viliuisk), 

on  the  Viliui. IV.  {Saltov),  a  market 

town  of  European  llussia.     P.  1,500. 

Verkhne'Iansk,  a  town  of  E.  Siberia, 
on  the  Yana. —  Verkholensk  is  a  town  on 
the  Lena. 

Verkhoturie,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Rus- 
sia, on  the  Tura.     P.  2,800. 

Verkhovashkoi,  a  town  of  Russia, 
on  the  Vaga.     P.  1,540. 

Vermand,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Aisne.     P.  1,255. 

Veemandois,  an  old  subdivision  of 
France,  in  Picardy. 

Vermejo,  a  considerable  river  of  the 
Plata  confed.,  S.  Amer.,  joins  the  Para- 
guay.    Total  course  estimated  at  750  m. 

Vermilion,  two  cos.,   U.  S. 1,  in 

W.    part     of     Indiana,    cap.    Newport. 

Area,  280  sq.  m.     P.  8,666. IL  in  the 

E.  part  of  Illinois,  cap.  Danville.  Area, 
1,000  sq.  m.  P.  11,492.— Also  several 
townships. 1.  Ohio,  co.  Erie,  on  Ver- 
milion river,  at  its  mouth  in  Lake  Erie. 

P.  1,334. IL  CO.  Richland.     P.  2,402. 

III.    Indiana,    co.    Vermilion.      P. 

1,540. IV.  pa.  La.     P.  3,409— (5ay), 

Louisiana,  at  the  mouth  of  Vermilion 
river,  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico. — {Fort), 
British  N.  America,  N.W.  territory,  on 
the  Uujigah. — {Sea),  a  name  of  the  gulf 
of  California. 

Vermihonvillb,  p-v.,  cap.  Lafayette 
pa.  La. 


UXrVEBSAL    GAZETTiSER. 


805 


Vermont,  one  of  the  United  States,  in 
the  N.  part  of  the  Uniou,  mostly  between 
lat.  42°  44'  &  45°  N.,  &  Ion.  71°  38'  & 
73°  26'  W. ;  having  N.  Lower  Canada, 
S.  Massachusetts,  E.  the  river  Connecti- 
cut separating  it  from  New  Hampshire, 
&  W.  New  York,  from  which  it  is  in  part 
separated  by  Lake  Champlain  &  the 
Hudson  river.  Area,  10,212  sq.  miles. 
P.  in  1840,  291,948;  in  1850,  313,611. 
Surface  mntnous.or  hilly,  &  well  wooded. 
A  good  deal  of  wheat  and  other  grains, 
witti  potatoes,  &  very  superior  apples, 
are  raised  ;  nearly  3,700,000  lbs.  of  wool, 
&  4,648,000  lbs.  of  maple  sugar,  besides 
4,286  lbs.  of  silk  cocoons,  &  some  tobacco, 
were  produced  annually.  Live-stock  of 
all  kinds  is  abundant.  Its  foreign  trade 
is  mostly  through  New  York  &  Massa- 
chusetts. Value  of  exports  $463,092;  of 
imports  $430,906.  Pub.  rev.  $100,000. 
There  is  no  state  debt.  It  is  divided  into 
14  COS.,  was  admitted  into  the  Union  in 
1791,  &  sends  3  representatives  to  Con- 
gress. Principal  towns,  Montpelier  the 
(cap.,  Burlington,  Bennington,  Wood- 
stock, &  St.  Albans. 

Veen,  two  comms.  &"^Tlls.~  of  France. 

1,  dep.  lUe-et-Vilaine,  5  miles  S.E. 

Kennes.      P.   1,698. II.  dep.  Maine- 

et-Loire,  15  m.  N.W.  Angers.  P.  1,634. 
—  Vernaison  is  a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep. 
Rhone,  arrond.  Lyon,  on  railway  to  St. 
Etienue.     P.  1,008. 

Vernante,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  Pied- 
mont, div.  &  10  m.  S.  Coni.  P.  of  contm. 
3,171. 

Vernantes,  a  comin.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Maine-et- Loire,  13  m.  S.E. 
Bauge.     P.  2,056. 

Vebneuil,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 

dep.  Eure,  on  the  Avre.     P.  3,496.- 

II.  a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  H.  Vienne.  P. 
2,019. 

Vernon,  a  co.  of  New  South  Wales, 
E.  Australia. 

Vernon,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Eure,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Seine.  P. 
3,953. 

Vernon,    numerous    townships. 1. 

New  York,  Oneida  co.,  on  Oneida  creek, 

16  m.  W.  Utica.     P.  3,093. II.  New 

Jersey,   on  Warwick  creek,   70  m.  N.E. 

Trenton.     P.  2,395. III.  Indiana,  co. 

Washington.      P.  1,936. IV.    Conn., 

Tolland   co.,  on    the   Hockanum,   12  m. 

E.N.E.  Hartford.    P.  1,430. V.  Penn., 

CO.  Crawford.  P.  1,240. —  VI.  p-v., 
cap.  Jennings  co.  la. 

Vernon,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Indre-et-Loir,  9  m.  E.  Tours.  P. 
1,890. 


Vernoux,  a  comm.  <fc  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ardeche,  11  m.  N.  Privas.    P.  1,5-16. 

II.  {en  G-atiiie),  a  comm.,  dep.  l)eux 

Sevres,  12  m.  ^V.  Paithenay.     P.  1,353. 

Verocze,  a  town  of  the  Austruin  em- 
pire. Civil  SlavoGia.     P.  3,200.     Its  co. 
comprises  1,772  sq.  m.     P.  223,500. 
Verola,  two   mkt.  towns  of  N.  Italy, 

Lombard/. 1.  {Nuova),    16  m.  S.W. 

Brescia.    P.  4.200. II.  (  Vecchia),  1  m. 

W.  Verola-Nuova.     P.  2,000. 

Verolengo,  a  mkt.  town  of  N.  Italy, 
Piedmont,  17  miles  N.E.  Turin.  P.  of 
comm.  4,761. —  Veroli  is  a  town  &  bishop's 
see,  Pontif.  sta.     P.  3,590. 

Veromilis  (San),  a  vill.  of  the  island 
Sardinia.  P.  of  comm.  1,859. —  Veron  is 
a  comm.  &  market  town  of  France,  dep. 
Yonne.     P.  1,182. 

Verona,  a  fortified  city  of  Austrian 
Italy,  gov.  Venice,  on  the  Adige,  here 
crossed  by  4  bridges.  P.  48,000.  Situ- 
ated near  the  gorges  of  the  Tyrol,  &,  sur- 
rounded by  the  fortresses  of  Peschiera, 
Mantua,  &  Legnago,  Verona  has  always 
been  considered  an  important  position 
for  the  defence  of  Upper  Italy.  It  is 
enclosed  by  a  series  of  turretted  walls,  & 
its  fortifications  have,  since  1822,  been 
much  improved.  From  its  fine  situation, 
rich  historical  remains,  &  literary  insti- 
tutions, it  is  one  of  the  most  interesting 
cities  in  Italy.  The  principal  public  edi- 
fices are  the  church  of  St.  Zeno,  supposed 
to  date  from  the  7th  century;  the  cathe- 
dral, built  in  the  9th  century  ;  the  church 
of  St.  Anastasia,  remarkable  for  its  great 
size  &  its  monuments  ;  &  that  of  St. 
George,  for  its  fine  paintings,  &  two  mag- 
nificent gates.  Its  Roman  antiquities 
comprise  the  celebrated  amphitheatre,  a 
building  of  imposing  grandeur,  the  most 
perfect  of  its  kind,  &  the  only  one  still 
used  for  public  spectacles.  The  tombs 
of  the  Scaligers,  a  curious  monument  of 
the  middle  ages,  are  a  series  of  Gothic 
pyramids  surmounted  by  an  equestrian 

statue  of  each  prince. II.  t.,  Oneida 

co.N.  Y.     P.  4,504. 

Verhes,  t.,  N.  Italy.  P.  of  comm. 
1,122. 

Vekrieres,  numerous  comms.  &  vills. 
of  France  ;  the  principal  in  dep.  Seiue- 

et-Oise,  arrond.  Ver.sailles.    P.  1,087. 

II.  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  on  the  French 
frontier,  6  miles  E.  Pontarlier.  P.  of 
comm.  3,000. 

Verro,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Livonia, 
on  the  Verro  &  Tuda,  &  on  Lake  Tam- 
mula.     P.  1,500. 

Verrua,  a  formerly  fortified,  but  now 
dismantled,  town  of  Piedmont,  23  miles 


806 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHr. 


[VEU 


E.N.E.  Turin,  on  rt.  bank  of  the  Po. 
P.  2,603. —  Verruchio  is  a  vill.  of  the 
Pontif.  states.  '^ 

Versailles,  acoaim.&  city  of  France, 
cap.  dep.  Seine-et-Oise,  10  m.  S.W.  Paris. 
P.  34,901.  It  is  divided  into  the  quar- 
ters St.  Louis  &  Nutre  Dame,  to  which 
Montreuil  is  attached,  &  is  remarkable 
for  the  regularity  of  its  construction. 
The  chief  edifices  are  the  church  of  St. 
Louis,  the  prefecture,  &  the  chancery. 
The  magnifieeut  palace  of  Versailles  was 
restored  during  the  reign  of  Louis  Phi- 
lippe, &  is  now  used  as  on  historical 
museum  ;  the  immense  galleries,  freshly 
decorated,  contain  a  series  of  paintings 
&  statues  arranged  in  chronological  order. 
Versailles  is  a  bishop's  see,  &  has  a 
Dational  college,  a  normal  school,  many 
scientific  &  literary  societies,  a  public 
library  of  40,000  vols.,  &  a  chamber  of 
commerce.  The  palace  of  Versailles, 
built  by  Louis  XIV.,  was  from  1672  to 
1790  the  residence  of  the  kings  of  France. 
Many  treaties  have  been  signed  here,  at 
one  of  which,  in  1783,  England  recognized 
the   independence  of  the  United  States 

of  America. II.    t.,   Alleghany  co. 

N.Y.  P.  1,465. IILp-v.,  cap.  Wood- 
ford CO.  Ky. IV.  p-v.,  cap.  Kiley  co. 

la.     P.  500. V.  p-v.,    cap.  Morgan 

CO.  Mo. 

Versetz,   or  Verschitz,    a  fortified 
town  of  the  Hungarian  Banat.    P.  15,788. 
Vershire,  a  township.  Orange  co.  Vt. 
29  m.  S.E.  Montpelier.     P.  1,198. 

Versmold,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia.    P.  1,420. 

Versovah,  a  maritime  town  of  British 
India,  presid.  Bombay,  on  the  W.  coast 
of  the  island  Salsette. 

Vertaison,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Puy-de-DOme.  P.  2,386.— 
Yerteillac  is  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town;  dep. 
Dordogne.     P.  1,076. 

Verteuil,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Charente,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Charente. 

P.  1,336. II.  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town, 

dep.  Lot-et'Garonne.     P.  1,165. III. 

a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Gironde.  P.  1,015. 
—  Vertou  is  a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Loire 
Inf.     P.  5,635. 

Vertus  (Les),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Marne.     P.  2,341. 

Vervick,  a  frontier  town  of  Belgium, 
cap.  cant.,  on  the  Lys.     P.  5,657. 

Verviers,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov. 
&  14  m.  E.  Liege.     P.  20,000. 

Vervins,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Aisne.     P.  2,510. 

Verzenay,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Marne,  S.E.  Rheims.    P.  1,283. 


Verzuolo,  a  town  of  Piedmont.  P.  of 
comm.  3,901. 

Verzy,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Marne.     P.  1,088. 

Vescovana,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy. 
P.  3,300. 

Vescovato,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy. 

P.  2,400. II,  a  comm.  &  market  town 

of  Corsica.     P.  1,025. 

Vesdre,  a  river  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
joins  the  Oiirlhe. 

Vesegonsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  134  m. 
N.E.  Tver.     P.  2,800. 

Vesins,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France. 
P.  2,014. 

Vesle,  or  Vele,  a  river  of  France, 
after  a  N.E.  course  of  65  m.  past  Rheims, 
joins  the  Aisne. 

Vesoul,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
cap.  dep.  H.  Saone.     P.  7,021. 

Vespolate,  a  market  town  of  N.Italy, 
Piedmont.     P.  1,840. 

Vesuvius  (Mount),  a  celebrated  mntn. 
of  S.  Italy,  &  the  only  active  volcano  of 
any  consequence  on  the  continent  of 
Europe  ;  on  the  E.  side  of  the  bay  of 
Naples.  It  rises  out  of  a  fertile  &  lux- 
uriant plain  to  the  height  of  3,948  feet 
above  the  sea ;  the  diameter  of  the  cir- 
cular area  occupied  by  it  &  Monte  Somma 
being  about  8  miles.  Its  lower  part  is  a 
sloping  plain,  covered  with  stones  & 
scoriaj,  3  m.  in  length,  <fc  rising  to  2,000 
feet,  above  which  a  cone  of  black  stones 
extends  to  3,500  feet.  It  is  flanked  on 
the  land-side  by  Monte  Somma,  an  abrupt 
circular  precipice.  The  summit  of  its 
cone  is  2,000  feet  in  diameter,  &  after  the 
eruption  of  1839,  had  in  its  centre  a 
crater  1,500  feet  in  diameter  &  500  feet 
deep.  Somma  &  Vesuvius  are  very  dif- 
ferent in  their  geological  formation.  The 
first  recorded  eruption  of  Mount  Vesuvius 
occurred  in  the  year  79,  when  the  elder 
Pliny  perished,  <fc  the  cities  Herculaneum, 
Pompeii,  &  Stabise  were  overwhelmed  & 
buried  by  lava  &  ashes.  From  that  time 
to  1850,  49  eruptions  are  recorded,  of 
which  the  most  celebrated  oocurred  in 
472,  1779,  1794,  1819,  1834,  &  1839. 
Veszprxm,  a  t.  of  W.  Hungary.  P.9,079. 
Veteran,  a  tnshp.,  Chemung  co.  N.  Y., 
on  an  inlet  of  Seneca  lake.  P.  2,098. 
Vetka,  a  vill.  of  Russia,  on  the  Soj. 
Vetluga,  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the 

Volga  after  a  course  of  300  m. II.  a 

town  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Vetluga.     P.  1,800. 

Vetr.slla,  a  town   of  Central  Italy, 

Pontif  states.     P.  4,460. 

Vetschau,  a  town,  Prussia.     P.  1,700. 

Veules,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 

France,  dep.  Seine  Inf.     P.  1,532.' 


Vic] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER, 


807 


Veurdre  (Le),  a  comm.  &,  toTfn  of 
France,  dep.  AUier.     P.  1,278. 

Vevay,  a  small  town  of  Switzerland, 

cant.  Vaud.     P.  of  comm.  4,800. II. 

a  vill.,  Switzerland  co.  Indiana,  on  the 
Ohio,  92  m.  S  E.  Indianapolis.  P.  1,200. 
It  is  pleasantly  situated,  &  was  settled 
by  emigrants  from  Switzerland. 

Ve7Nes,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Alpes,  on  the  Buech.     P.  1,859. 

Veyrac  &  Veyre,  two  comms.  &  vills. 

of  France. 1,    dep.   H.    Vienne.      P. 

1,553. II.   dep.   Puy-de-Dome.      P. 

1,845. 

Vezelay,  a  comm.  Sr  town  of  France, 
dep.  Yonne.     P.  1,193. 

Vezeuse,  a  cnmm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Meurthe.  P.  1,603. —  Vizenobres  is 
a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Gard,  cap.  cant.  P. 
1,066. 

Vezere,  two  rivers  of  France. 1. 

joins  the  Dordogne,  after  a  S.W.  course 

of  100  m. II.  {^Haute   F.),  joins  the 

Isle,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  50  m. 

Vezie-Kopri,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor. 
P.  1,000. 

Vezoxjze,  a  riv.,  France,  dep.  Meurthe, 
joins  the  Meurthe.     Total  course,  45  m. 

Vezzano,  a  market  town  of  N.  Italy, 
Sard.  dom.     P.  2,838. 

ViADANA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Austr.  Italy. 

Vi  agrande,  a  town  of  Sicily.    P.  3, 100. 

"VtiA-MALA,  a  deep  defile  of  Switzer- 
land, about  4  m.  in  length,  &  walled  in 
by  precipices,  in  some  places  1,600  feet 
in  height.  ' 

ViANA,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Por- 
tugal, prov.  Minho,  at  the  mouth  of  the 

Lima.     P.  8,110. II.  a  town  of  Spain, 

near  the  Ebro.     P.  3,146. 

Vianden  &  ViANEN,  two  towns  of  the 
Netherlands. 1.  24  miles  N.  Luxem- 
bourg. P.  800.-^11.  prov.  S.  Holland, 
on  the  Leek.     P.  2,455. 

Viaheggio,  a  seaport  town  of  Central 
Italy,  Tuscany.  P.  5,850. —  Viariggi  is 
a  comfh.  &  vill.  of  the  Sardinian  dom., 
Piedmont.     P.  1,770. , 

ViAZMA,  a  town  of  Russia,  100  miles 
E.N.E.  Smolensk,  on  the  Viazma.  P. 
12,000. 

ViAzNiKi,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the 
Kliasma.     P.  1,900. 

ViATKA,  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the 
Kama  after  a  course  of  500  miles. 

ViATKA,  a  large  gov.  of  European 
Russia,  in  its  E.  part.  Area,  53,126  sq. 
m.  P.  1,662,800,  comprising  many  Tai-- 
tar  tribes,  &  about  50,000  Mohammedans. 
—  Viatka,  the  cap.  gov.,  is  situated  on  the 
Viatka.  Lat.  58°  24'  N.,  Ion.  50°  E.  P. 
6,890. 


ViBEAYE,  a  conim.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Sarthe.     P.  3,081. 

Vic,  several  comms.  &  small  towns  of 

France. 1,  dep  Meurthe,  on  the  Seille. 

P.  3,139. II.   (Bessos),   dep.  Ariege. 

P.  1,108. III.  {en  Bigorre),  dep.  H. 

Pyrenees.     P.  3,637. IV.  (Fezensac), 

dep.  Gers,  on  the  Losse.     P.  2,888 V. 

{sur  Ais7ie)._  dep.   Aisne.     P.  3,928. 

VI.  {Le  Comte),  dep.  Puy-de-Dome.     P. 

3,177. VII.  {sur  Cere),  dep.  Cantal. 

P.  1,983. 

VicARELLO,  a  vill.  of  Central  Italy, 
near  the  lake  of  Bracci;ino,  on  N.  side. 

Vicente  (San),  sevl.  towns  of  Spain  ' 
&  Portugal. — Also,   a    town  of  Central 
America,  cap.  state   San  Salvador.     P. 
8,000. 

VicENZA,  a  city  of  Austrian  Italy,  cap. 
deleg.,  on  the  Bacchiglione.  P.  33,100. 
It  is  enclosed  by  dry  moats  &  decaying 
walls,  but  it  has  many  handsome  edifices. 
—  Vicentia,  after  being  pillaged  succesr 
sively  by  Alaric,  Attila,  the  Lombards,  & 
the  Emperor  Frederic  II.,  came  early  in 
the  15th  century^  into  the  possession  of 
the  Venetians,  who  held  it  till  the  down- 
fall of  their  republic  in  1796. 

ViGH,  or  ViQUE,  a  city  of  Spain,  37  m. 
N.N.E.  Barcelona.     P.  10,667. 

VicHADA,  a  river  of  New  Granada, 
joins  the  Orinoco,  after  a  course  of  260 
miles. 

Vichy,  a  comm.  &  t.  of  France,  dep. 
Allier.    P.  1,361. 

VicKSBURG,  a  town,  cap.  Warren  co. 
state  Mississippi,  37  m.  W.N.W.  Jackson, 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Mississippi.  P.  5,340.  It 
has  exports  of  cotton,  &  regular  steam 
communication  with  New  Orleans,  400 
m.  distant.  A  railway  connects  it  with 
Jackson  &  Brandon. 

Vico,  sevl.  towns  of  Italy,  &c. 1. 

Pontif.  sta.    P.  3,000. II.  Naples.    P. 

2,580. III.  a  comm.  &  town  of  Cor- 
sica.    P.  1,569. IV.  {Equense),  16  m. 

S.E.  Naples.     P.  9,700. V.  {di  Mon- 
davi),   Sard,   dom..    Piedmont.      P.   of 

comm.  2,584. VI.  {Pisaiio),  Tuscany, 

9  m.  B.  Pisa.     P.   1,200.— The   lake  of 
Vico,  Pontif  sta. 

VicovARO,  a  small  town  of  the  Pontif. 
sta.     P.  LJDIO. 

ViCQ,  sevl.  comms.  &  vills.  of  France, 
the  chief  in  dep.  H.  Vienne.     P.  2,243. 

Victor    (St.),    numerous    comms.  & 

vills.  of  France. 1,  dep.  Ardeche.     P. 

1,777. II.  dep.  Loire.     P.  1,245. 

III.  dep.  Puy-de-Dome.     P.  1,463. 

IV.  {de  Reno),  dep.  Orne.    P.  1,175. - 

V.  {sur  Loire),  dep.  Loire.     P.  1,159. 
Victor,  a  town.«hip,  New  York,  Onta- 


808 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GKOGIIAPHV. 


[vifi 


rio  CO.  P.  2,393. —  Victory  is  a  township 
of  Cayng.i  co.  N.  Y.,  20  m.  N.  Aubuni. 
P.  2,371. 

Victoria,  a  British  colonial  territory, 
comprising  all  tlie  part  of  Australia  S. 
the  rivers  Murrumbigoe  &  Murray,  be- 
tween lat.  34°  &  39°  S.,  &  Ion.  141°  & 
150°  E.,  haying  N.E.  New  South  Wales, 
^V.  the  colony  of  S.  Australia,  &  S.  the 
ocean  &  Bass's  strait,  separating  it  from 
Tasmania.  Estim:itcd  area,  80,000  sq. 
m.  P.  80,000.(7)  Sheep  &  cattle  rear- 
ing are,  as  in  New  S.  Wales,  the  princi- 
pal occupations  of  the  pop.,  &  in  1847, 
the  number  of  sheep  was  estimated  at  4,- 
397,6X10.  In  the  same  year,  100  acres 
were  planted  with  vines.  In  1846,  the 
e.Kport  of  wool  amounted  to  6,406,950  lbs. 
Principal  towns,  Melbourne,  Geelong,  & 
Portland.  Rich  deposits  of  gold  have 
been  discovered  in  this  province  at  Mount 
Alexander,  &  at  Ballarat. 

Victoria,  co.  Texas.  P.  2,019. II. 

a  newly  erected  district  of  the  Cape  Colo- 
ny, S.  Africa. 

Victoria,  a  town  of  the  British  colony 
Hong    Kong,  stretching    for  4  m.  along 

its  N.  coast. II.  a  town  of  Texas,  cap. 

dist.,  on  the  Gruadaloupe   river,    110  m. 

S.S.E.  Austin.    P.  700. III.  (La),  a  t., 

Colombia,   Venezuela. ^IV.    a   marit. 

town  of  Brazil,  in  the  bay  of  Espiritu- 
Santo.  P.  5,000. —  Victoria  is  the  name 
of  a  fort,  Brit.  India,  presid.  &  70  miles 
S.S.E.  Bombay;  of  a  Dutch  fort  on  the 

island  Amboyna. V.   (or  Alexandri- 

na)  lake,  in  S.  Australia,  is  on  the  S.E. 
side  'of  the  settled  part  of  that  colony. 

L.  &  br.  about  30  m.  each. VI.  a  lake 

of  Central  Asia,  in  the  table-land  of  Pa- 
mir, 15,600  feet  above  the  sea. 

Victoria  Land,  the  name  given  to 
the  supposed  Antarctic  continent  discov- 
ered by  Sir  Jas.  Ross  in   1841. ^11. 

Brit.  N.  America,  is  a  name  given  to  the 
region  between  Ion.  103°  &  108°  W.,  & 
between  lat.  68°  N.  &  a  strait  of  the  Are- 
tic  ocean. 

Victoria  River,  N.  Australia,  "joins 
the   Indian  ocean  by  the  wide    estuary 

Queen's  channel,  E.  Cambridge  gulf. 

II.  a  river  of  N.E.  Australia. 

ViD  {Atus),  a  river  of  European  Tur- 
key, Bulgaria,  joins  the  Danube  opposite 
Islatz.     Total  course  130  m. 

ViDALiA,  village,  cap.  Concordia  pa. 
La. 

ViDAUBAN,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Var.     P.  2,203. 

ViDiGUEiRA,  a  market  town  of  Portu- 
gal, prov.  Aleratejo.     P.  2,500. 

ViDOUELE,  a  riv.  of  France,  deps.  Gard 


&  Heiault,  enters  the  lagoon  de  Maugio, 
after  a  S.  &  W.  course  of  40  m. 

ViDZY,  or  WiDzy,  a  town  of  Russian 
Poland.     P.  4,000. 

Vie,  two  rivers  of  France. 1,  dep. 

Vendee,  flows  N.  into  the  Atlantic.     L. 
30  m. 

ViECHTACH,  a  market  town  of  Lower 
Bavaria.     P.  1,469. 

A-^iEiLLE-ViGNE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Loire  Inf.,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Og- 
non.     P.  5,375. 

ViELLA,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Grers,  26  miles  N.W.  Mirande.  P. 
1,811. 

ViELMuu,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Tfirn,  cap.  cant.,  on  the  Agout.  P. 
1,035. —  Vid  Salm  is  a  murket  tov/n  of 
Belgium. 

Vienna,  a  city  of  Central  Europe,  cap. 
of  the  empire  of  Austria,  of  the  arch- 
duchy of  Austria,  &  of  the  gov.  of  Lower 
Austria,  in  a  fertile  plain,  near  right  or 
S.  bank  of  the  Danube.  Lat.  (of  obser- 
vatory, 548  feet  above  the  sea),  48°  12' 
36"  N.,  Ion.  16°  23'  E.  P.  (1846)  of  the 
city  proper,  60,000,  with  suburbs,  410,- 
945,  including  14,000  military,  &  5,000 
strangers.  The  city  is  surrounded  by  a 
broad  fosse  &  a  wall  40  to  50  feet  high, 
forming  the  Bastei,  a  fashionable  jsrom- 
enade  ;  it  is  entered  by  12  gates  ;  beyond 
the  fosse  is  the  glacis,  a  public  walk,  e.^- 
tending  nearly  all  round  the  city,  &  sep- 
arating it  from  its  suburbs.  The  gate 
called  the  Burgthor,  is  one  of  the  finest 
in  Europe.  The  city  has  18  squares  or 
places.  The  cathedral  of  St.  Stephens  is 
a  noble  gothic  edifice,  with  a  tower  453 
feet  in  elev.  The  church  of  St.  Peter  is 
built  on  the  model  of  the  basilica  of  St. 
Peter  at  Rome.  The  educational,  liter- 
ary, &  scientific  establishments  comprise 
the  university,  one  of  the  finest  in  Eu- 
rope, which  is  celebrated  for  its  school  of 
medicine,  with  a  library  of  120,000  vols., 
&  a  theatre  of  anatomy,  &  had,  in  1842, 
85  professors  &  5,395  students.  The  im- 
perial library  contains  300,000  vols., 
many  thousand  MSS.,  an  immense  col- 
lection of  engs.,  &  the  famous  Tabula 
Peutingcrana,  a  map  of  the  Roman  em- 
pire in  the  4th  century.  In  the  suburb.s 
are  the  cavalrj'  barracks,  the  Belvedere 
palace,  the  church  of  St.  Charles,  the 
polytechnic  institution,  the  theatre  on 
the  Wien  &  the  great  public  hospital, 
containing  2,000  bed.',  &  receiving  an- 
nually 15,000  to  17,000  patients.  The 
cap.  of  Austria  is  ornamented  by  many 
superb  promenades. —  Vindahona  was  a 
station  of  the  Roman  legions  in  Upper 


UNIVKRSAL    GAZETTEER. 


809 


Pannonia  ;  it  was  afterwards  cap.  of  the 
E.  provs.  of  the  empire  of  Charlemagne. 
The  liing  of  Hungary  established  his 
court  here  in  1484,  &^  it  soon  became  the 
fixed  residence  of  the  house  of  Austria. 
Vienna  was  besieged  by  the  Turks  in 
1529,  &  again  in  1683  ;  on  the  latter  oc- 
casion it  was  relieved  by  the  Poles  under 
John  Sobieski.  The  French  took  it  in 
1806  &  in  1809.  The  city  was  held  by 
the  revolutionary  party  for  a  short  time 
in  1848  ;  the  barricades  were  raised  on 
6th  October,  but  it  surrendered  to  the 
imperial  troops  on  30th  of  same  month, 
having  sufTered  severely  from  a  bom- 
bardment.  II.  town,  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. 

P.   3,393. III.  vill.,  in  same   co.     P. 

1,500. IV.  p-v.,    Dorchester  co.  Md. 

Tonnage. V.  p-v.,  cap.  Derby  co.  Ga. 

VI.  p-v.,  cap.  Johnson  co.  111. 

ViENNE  (Haute,  or  Upper),  a  dep.  of 
France,  in  the  N.W.,  formed  of  parts  of 
the  old  prov.  Limousin.  P.  319,379. 
Area,  2,187  sq.  m.     Cap.  Limoges. 

ViBNNE,  a  river  of  France,  joins  the 
Loire  on  left  at  Candes,  after  a  N.  & 
N.W.  course  of  190  miles. 

ViENNE,  a  dep.  of  France,  in  the  N.W., 
formed  of  part  of  the  old  prov.  Poitou. 
Area,  2,669  sq.  m.  P.  317,305.  Cap. 
Poitiers. 

ViENNE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Isere,  on  L  b.  of  the  Rhone.  P.  18,- 
610.  The  town  is  situated  between  the 
Rhone  &  the  mountains,  &  is  traversed 
by  the  river  Gere.  Vienna  was  the  cap. 
of  the  Allobroges  ;  the  Romans  afler- 
wards  made  it  the  metropolis  of  the  Vi- 
ennoise.  A  council  was  held  here  in  1311, 
which  abolished  the  order  of  the  Tem- 
plars. 

'  ViEQUE,  a  British  W.  India  island,  9 
miles  E.  Porto  Rico.  Length,  18  m.,  br. 
4  m. 

ViERLANDE,  a  Small  territory  of  Iv. 
Germany,  betw.  the  Elbe&  Bille. 

ViERRADEN,  a  towu  cf  Prussia,  on  the 
Welse.     P.  1,646. 

ViERSEN,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
on  the  Niers.     P.  3,700. 

ViERZON,  a  comm.  &  town  cf  France, 
dep.  Cher,  on  the  Yevre.     P.  6,685. 

ViESTi,  a  town  of  Naples,  on  the  Adri- 
atic, at  the  E.  foot  of  Mt.  Gargano.  P. 
5,900. 

ViETRi.  two  mkt.  towns  of  Naples. 

L  with  2,400  inhabs. II.  15  m.  AV.S.W. 

Potenza.     P.  2,800. 

ViF.  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of  France, 
dep.  Isere.     P.  2,426. 
.   ViGAN   (Le),    a    comm.    &    town    of 
France,  dep.  Gard,  on  the  Arre.    P.  5,128. 


II.  a  comm.,  dep.  Lot',  on  the  Bloue. 

P.  1,712. 

ViGEAN  (Le),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Vienne.     P.  1,324. 

ViGEOis,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Correze.     P.  2,388. 

ViGEVANO,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Sard, 
dom.     P.  15,221. 

ViGGiANELLO,  a  mkt.  town  of  Naples. 
P.  4,800. 

ViGGiANO,  a  mkt.  town  of  Naples, 
prov.  Basilicata.     P.  5,800. 

ViGiA,  a  town  of  Brazil,  50  m.  N.  Pari. 
P.  10,000. 

ViGNALE,  a  market  town  of  N.  Italy, 
Piedmont.  P.  of  comm.  2,189. —  Vigna- 
nello  is  a  petty  town  of  the  Pontif.  sta. 

ViGNOLA,  a  town  of  Naples.    P.  4,200. 

II.  a  vill.  of  the  dachy  Modena,  on 

the  Panaro.      P.  2,200. —  Vignone   is    a 
vill.  of  Tuscany,  5  m.  S.W.  Pienza. 

Vigo,    a  seaport    town   of   Spain,    13 

m.  S.S.W.  Pontevedra.     P.  4,167. II. 

a   S.W.  CO.  la.     Area,  400  sq.  m.     Cap. 

Terra  Haute.     P.    12,289.— The  bay  of 

Vigo,  S.  of  that  of  Pontevedra,  is  about 

20  miles  in  length  by  5  m.  across  at  its 

mouth. 

.  Vigo  (Lake),  Russia,  45  m.  N.  Lake 

Onega.     L.  43  m.,  gr.  br.  35  miles. 

ViGONE,  a  market  town  of  N.  Italy, 
Piedmont.     P.  of  comm.  6,203. 

ViGuzzOLO,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  N.  Italy. 
P.  2,105. 

ViHiERs,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Maine-et-Loire.     P.  1,292. 

ViJAVAPOOR,  a  town  of  Nepaul. 

ViKKUR,  a  town  of  Scinde,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Indus,  in  its  delta.  P.  with  adja- 
cent villages,  1,200. 

ViLAFAMEs,  a  town  of  Spain. —  Vilagos 
is  a  town  of  S.E.  Hungary. 

ViLAiNE,  a  river  of  France.  Total 
course  125  m.,  for  the  last  80  of  which 
it  is  navig. 

ViLASECA,  a  town  of  Spain,  near  the 
Mediterranean.     P.  3,364. 

ViLBEL,  a  town  of  Germany,  on  the 
Nidda.     P.  2,042. 

ViLCABAMBA,  a  rivcr  of  Upper  !l^rn, 
joins  the  Apurimac  to  form  the  Dca- 
yale. 

ViLCANOTA,  a  river  of  Peru,  tributary 

to    the    Ucayale. II.  a   great  mntn. 

knot  of  the  Andes. 

ViLCHEs,  a  town  of  Spain.     P.  1,837. 

ViLEiKA,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the 
Vilna.     P.  1,800. 

ViLiA,  a  river  of  Russian  Poland,  joins 
the  Niemen  at  Kovno.  Total  course  250 
m. —  Viliui,  a  river  of  E.  Siberia,  after 
an  E.  course  of  700  m.,  joins  the  Lena. 


810 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[VIL 


ViLKOMiR,  a  town  of  Eussian  Poland, 
on  the  Svizta.     P.  5,000. 

Villa,  the  prefixed  name  of  towns  of 
Spain  &  Portugal. 

Villa,  a  prefixed  name  of  towns,  vills., 
Ac,  of  Italy,  Sicily. 

Villa-Bella,  a  town  of  Brazil. 

II.  {da  Princeza),  a  town  on  VV.  coast 
of  the  isl.  S.  Sebastiao.     P.  3,000. 

Villach,  a  town  of  Illyria,  Garinthia. 
P.  2,487. 

Villada,  a  market  town  of  Spairi,  27 
m.  N.W.  Palencia,  on  the  Sequilla.  P. 
2,950. 

Villa  del  Fuerte,  a  town  of  the 
Mexican  confed.,  state  &  75  m.  N.  Sina- 
loa,  on  the  Rio  de  Fuerte.     P.  5,000. 

Villa  (or  Santa  Maria)  del  Prin- 
cipe, a  considerable  town  of  Cuba,  140 
miles  N.W.  Santiago  de  Cuba.  P. 
SO.OOO.C?) 

Villa  do  Conde,  a  maritime  town  of 
Portugal,  at  the  mouth  or  the  Rio  d'Este. 
P.  3,100. 

Villa  do  Principe,  now  called  Serro, 

a  town  of    Brazil.      P.  4,000. II.   a 

town  of  Brazil,  60  m.  S.W.  Curytiba. — 
Villa  do  Rio  Pardo  is  a  town,  on  the 
Jacuy.     P.  with  dist.  5,000. 

Villa-Flor,  a  market  town  of  Portu- 
gal. It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  entered  by 
four  gates,  &  encircled  by  almond  groves. 
II.  a  town  of  Brazil,  30  m.  S.E.  Na- 
tal.    P.  2,500. 

Villa  franca,  several  towns  of  Spain 

&  Portugal. 1.  Navarra,  on  the  Ara- 

gon.     P.  2,7g2. II.  prov.  Teruel,  on 

the  Jiloca. III.  a  market  town,   29 

m.  W.  Avila. IV.  20  miles  S.W.  San 

Sebastian.     It  is  walled,  entered  by  four 

gates,  &  has  a  large  annual  fair. V. 

{de  la  Marisma),   15  m.  S.  Sevilla.     P. 

3,527. VI.   {de  las   Abujas),  on  the 

Guadalquivir.       P.   3,596. VII.    {de 

los  JBarros),  prov.  Badajoz.  P.  5,887. 
VIII.  (de  los  Caballeros),  prov.  To- 
ledo.  IX.   {del  Vierzo),  on  the  Bur- 

bia.      P.   2,996. X.    {de    Mantes   de 

Oca),  20  m.  E.  Burgos XL  {de  Pa- 

nades),  prov.  Tarragona.     P.  5,516. 

XII.  {de  Xira),  a  town  of  Portugal,  on 
rt.  b.  of  the  Tagus.     P.  4,900. 

Villafranca,  towns,  &c.,  of  Italy  & 

Sicily. 1.  Austrian  Italy,  9  m.  S.W. 

Verona,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Tartaro. II.  a 

seaport  town,  Sard,  dom.,  with  a  good 
harbor    on    thn    Mediterranean.      P.  of 

comm.  2,974. III.  Sicily.      P.  2,500. 

IV.  {die  Piemonte),  Sard.  dom.     P. 

of  comm.  8,572. 

Villa  Franca,  a  town  on  the  S.  coast 
of  the  island  St.  Michael,   Azores.     P. 


3,000. II.    a   town    of   Brazil,   prov. 

Para.     P.  4,000. 

Villagarcia,   several  market  towns 

of  Spain. 1,  prov.  Badajoz.     P.  2,000. 

II.   prov.  Pontevedra,  20  mUes  N. 

Vigo,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  bay  of  Arosa. 

P.  1,443. III.  prov.  Cuenca,   7  miles 

E.N.E.  Tarazona. IV.  prov.  &  30  m. 

W.N.W.  Valladolid.     P.  1,859. 

ViLLAGORDA,  two  towns  of  Spain. 

I.  {de   Gabriel),  50  m.  S.E.  Cuenca. 

II.  {de  Jucar),  prov.  Albacete,  on  the 
Jucar.  P.  1,422. —  Villagrasa, -prov.  Le- 
rida. 

ViLLAHERMOSA,  a  town  of  the  Mexi- 
can confed.,  dep.  Tabasco,  on  the  Gri- 
jalva. 

ViLLAiNE-LA-JuHEL,  a  comm.  &  mar- 
ket town  of  France.     P.  2,508. 

ViLLAJOVosA,  a  maritime  town  of 
Spain,  on  the  Mediterranean.     P.  8,087. 

ViLLALBA,  numerous  mkt.  towns  of 
Spain. 

ViLLALON,  a  town  of  Spain,  32  m.  N.W. 
Va,lladolid.     P.  4,674. 

\''iLLALPANDOS,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 

&  30  m.  N.E.  Zamora.     P.  2,460. II. 

a  rich  mine  of  Mexico,  ai^aeent  to  Gua- 
naxuato. 

ViLLAMANRiQUE,    Several    towns    of 

Spain. 1,  prov.  &  18  m.  S.AV.  Sevilla. 

P.  2,280. II.  prov.  Ciudad-Real.     P. 

1,100. III.  {de    Tajo),on  the  Tagus, 

20  m.  N.E.  Ocaila. 

Villa  Maria,  a  small  town  of  Brazil, 
on  the  Paraguay.     P.  1,000. 

Villa- Martin,  a  town  of  Spain,  43- 
m.  S.E.  Sevilla.    P.  2,74(i 

ViLLAMAYOR  DE  SANTIAGO,  a  tOWn  of 

Spain,  jirov.  &  46  miles  W.  Cuenca.  P. 
2,512. 

ViLLANOvA,  several  towns  of  Portugal, 

&c.- 1,   {da    Cerveira),    prov.  Minho. 

P.  1,100. II.   {da   Reinha),  near  the 

Tagus. III.    {de     MUforttes),    prov. 

Alemtejo,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Atlan- 
tic.  IV.  {de  Portiviao),  with  a  harbor 

at  the  mouth  of  the  Silves,  10  ra.  E.N.E. 

Lagos.       P.    3,500. V.    {de    Porto), 

prov.   Minho,   on  the    Douro. VI.   a 

comm.  &  vill.  of  Sardinia.     P.  of  comm. 

3,676. ^ VII.  numerous  towns  of  Brazil. 

VIII.  {da  Rainha),  prov.  Para. 

IX.  {de  S.  Antonio),  prov.  Sergipe,  on  rt. 
b.  of  the   San  Francisco.     P.  4,000. 

X.  {de  Souza),  prov.  &  280  m.  W.  Pa- 
rahiba.  P.  5,000. XI.  {do  Prin- 
cipe),  prov.   Bahia.      P.  2,000. XII. 

p-t.,  Chautauque  co.  N.  Y.     P.  1,655. 

ViLLANTERio,  a  market  town  of  Aus- 
trian Italy.     P.  2,000. 

ViLLANUEVA,  numerous  towns  <fc  vills. 


vil] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


811- 


of  Spain. T.   {de  la   Sleria),   prov.  & 

68  m.  N.E.  Caeeres.      P.   1.500. II. 

(de  Cordova),  prov.  &  40  m.  N.N.E.  Cor- 
dova.    P.  6,572. III.  {y  la  Geltru),  a 

town  &  seaport,  25  m,  S.W.  Barcelona,  on 

the   Mediterranean.      P.   10,309. IV. 

{de  la  Fue7ite),  prov.  &   56  miles  E.S.B. 

Ciudad-Real.     P.  2,070. V.  {kd  Ar- 

zobispo),  prov.  &  50  miles  N.E.  Jaen,  on 

the  Guadalquivir.     P.  3,624. -VI.  (de 

la  Serena),  near  the  Guadiana.    P.  8,980. 

VII.   (de  la    Vera),  prov.    Caeeres. 

P.  1,750. VIII.   (de  la  Jar  a),  41  m. 

S.S.E.  Cuenca.      P.   2,502. IX.    {del 

Campo),  a  market  town,   8  m.  W.  Leon. 

X.  {del  Cardete),  prov.  &  56   miles 

E.S.E.    Toledo.      P.  2,156. XI.   {del 

Fresno),  near  the  frontier  of  Portugal. 

P.    2,122. XII.    {de   los    Castillejos), 

prov.  &  20  m.  N.W.  Huelva.    2,996. 

XIII.  {de  los  Infantes),  Tprov.  &  51  m. 

E.S.E.  Ciudad-Real.     P. 4,975. XIV. 

{de  la  Reina),  prov.  &  13  m.  N.AV.  Jaen. 
P.  1,748.- — XV.  {de  Gallego),  6  m.  N. 
Zaragoza,  on  the  Gallego. 

ViLLANuovA,  several  towns  of  Italy. 

1.  Naples,   on  the  Adriatic. II. 

{d'Astl),  Piedmont.     P.  of  comm.  3,121. 

III.   {de  ,Mondovi),   div.   Coni.     P. 

3,623. —  Villa  Puzzu  is  a  market  town 
of  the  isl.  Sardinia.      P.  of  comm.  2,151. 

ViLLAR,  several  market  towns  of  Spain, 

1,  {de  Bonaduf),  prov.  Valencia.  P. 

2,170. II.  {del  Rey),  prov.  &  21  m.  N. 

Badajos.     P.  2,000. 

ViLLAR,  several  vills.  &  comms.  of  N. 
Italy,  Piedmont. 1.  {Bobbio),  div.  Tu- 
rin.   P.  2,393. II.  {Focchiardo),  prov. 

&  9  m.  E.  Susa.     P.  2, 120. III.  {Pe- 

rosa),  prov.  &  5  m.  N.AV.  Pinerolo.     P. 

1,152. IV.  {San  Costanzo),  div.  prov. 

&  11  m.  N.W.  Coni.     P.  2,067. 

ViLLARAMiEL,  a  market  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  Palencia. 

Villard-de-Lans,  a  comm.  &  market 
town  of  France,  dep.  Is^re.     P.  2,500. 

Villa-real,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the 
Mijares.     P.  8,207. 

ViLLARBAL,  a  town  of  Portugal,  on  the 

Corgo.     P.  4,500. II.  {de  S.  Antonio), 

prov.  Algarves,  11  m.  N.E.  Tavira.  P. 
1,750. 

Villa-Real  de  Concepcion,  a  town 
of  S.  America,  republic,  &  on  the  Para- 
guay, 130  miles  N.N.B:  Asuncion.  P. 
4,000. 

ViLLAREJO,  two  towns  of  Spain. 1. 

{de  Fuentes),  prov.  &  37  m.  S.W.  Cuen- 
ca.   P.  2.600. II.  {de  Salvanes),  prov. 

&  26  m.  S.E.  Madrid.     P.  2,700. 

ViLLAUGORDO,  scvetal  vills.  or  small 
towns  of  Spain. 


ViLLARiN'o,  a  vill.  of  Spain,  40  miles 
W.N.W.  Salanianca. —  Villar  Luengo  is 
a  mkt.  town. 

ViLLA-RosA,  a  town  of  Sicily.  P.  2,800. 

ViLLAROYA,  two  towns  of  Spain. 1. 

{de  la  Sierra),  prov.  &  53  m.  W.  Zara- 
goza.    P.  1,130. II.  {de  los  Pinares), 

prov.  &  20  m.  N.E.  Teruel.     P.  1,251. 

ViLLAHROBLEDA,  a  town  of  Spain, 
prov.  &  65  m.  E.N.E.  Ciudad-Real.  P. 
2,070. 

ViLLARRUBIA-DE-OcANA,     a     toWn    of 

Spain,  prov.  &  35  m.  E.N.E.  Toledo.     P. 

2,000. II.  {de  los  Ojos  de  Guadiana), 

20  E.N.E.  Ciudad-Real.     P.  4,710. 

ViLLASAVARY,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  Aude.     P.  1,788. 

ViLLASOR,  a  vill.  of  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, div.     P.  1,893. 

ViLLATOBAs,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  & 
35  m.  E.S.E.  Toledo.     P.  2,443. 

ViLLAVERDE,   a  town  of  Brazil,  prov. 

Bahia,  on  the  Burahnen. II.  a  mkt. 

town  of  Ferro,    Canary   islands,  on  its 

N.E.  coast. III.  {de  Leganes),  a  town 

of  Spain.     P.  2,040. 

Villa viciosA,  several  towns  of  Spain. 

1,  prov.  &   18  m.  W.N.W.  Cordova. 

P.  1,800. II.  {de  Odon),  prov.  Gua- 

dalaxara,  53  m.  N.E.  Madrid.  P.  856. 
Here  was  fought  in  1710  the  battle  which 
terminated  the  "War  of  the  Succession," 
&  seated  Philip  V.  on  the  Spanish  throne. 

ViLLA-vicosA,  a  town  of  Portugal,  15 

m.  S.W.  Elvas.     P.  3,600. -II.  a  town 

of  Brazil,  prov.  &  150  miles  W.  Ceara, 
amongst  groves  of  cocoa  palms.  P. 
5,000. 

ViLLAViEJA,  a  town  of  Central  Amer., 
state  Costa-Rica. — Several  small  towns 
of  Spain. 

ViLLE,  or  Weiler,  a  comm.  &  market 
town  of  France,  dep.  B.  Rhin.     P.  1,104. 

ViLLEBRUMiER,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Tarn-et-Garonne,  on  the 
Tarn.  P.  789. —  Villecomtal  is  a  comm. 
&  town,  dep.  Aveyron,  on  the  Dourdon. 
P.  1,758. 

ViLLEDiEU,  nums.  comms.  of  France. 

ViLLEFAGNAN  &  VlLLEFORT.  2  COmmS. 

&  small  towns  of  France. 1,  dep.  Cha- 

rente,  with  1.604  inhabs. II.  dep.  Lo- 

zere.     P.  1,625. 

ViLLEFRANCHE.  Humerous  comms., 
towns,  &  vills.  of  France.— — I.  {de  Lau- 

ragais),  dep.  H.  Garonne.     P.  2,769. 

II.  {de  Belves),  dep.  Dordogne.  P.  1,712. 
III.  {du  Queyran),  dep.  Lot-et- Ga- 
ronne.    P.  875. IV.  {de  Rouergue), 

dep.  Aveyron,  on  r.  b.  of  the   Aveyron. 

P.  9,705. V.  {sur  Saone),  dep.  Rhone, 

on  r.  b.  of  the  SaOne.     P.  7,083. 


812 


CYCLOPEDIA   OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[VIN 


ViLLEjuiF.  a'comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine,  cap.  cant.,  4  m.  S.  Paris.  P. 
1,503. 

ViLLEMUR,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Garonne,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Tarn. 
P.  5,428. 

ViLLENA,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.  &  32 
m.  N.W.  Alicante.  P.  8,224. 
>  ViLLENAuxE,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  Aube.  P.  2,553. —  Villenave 
is  a  coinm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Gironde.  P. 
1,535. 

ViLLENEUVE,     numerous    comms.    & 

towns  of  France. 1,   dep.  Aveyron,  6 

m.  N.  Villefranche.     P.  3,723. II. 

dep.  Lande."!,  on  the   Midou.     P.   1,604. 

III.  (  d'Agen),  dep.  Lot-et-Garonne. 

P.   13,088. ^^IV.  (de  Berg),  dep.  Ar- 

d^che.     P.  2,607. V.   {VArcheveque), 

dep.  Yonne.     P.  1,925. VI.  {le  Roi), 

dep.  Yonne,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Yonne.     P. 

5,357. VII.  {les  Avignfln),  dep.  Gard, 

on  rt.  b.  of  the  Rhone.     P.  3,723. 

ViLLENEUVE,  a  Small  walled  town  of 
Switzerland.     P.  1,096. 

ViLLERs,    several    comms.,    towns,  & 

vills.  of  France. 1.  {Bretonneux),  dep. 

Somme,    10  miles  E.  Amiens.     P.  3,125. 

II.  (CoWerefc),  dep.  Aisne.  P.  3,465. 

III.  (Guislain),  dep.  Nord,  11  miles 

^  S.S.W.  Cambrai.     P.  2,073. 

ViLLETTE  (La),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Seine.  P.  13,485.—  Vilhur- 
banne  is  a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Isere.  P. 
4,252. 

VillevSque,  a  comm.  &vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Maine-et-Loire,  9  m.  N.E.  Angers. 
P.  1,743. 

ViLLiERS,  a  CO.  in  the  British  colony 
of  Victoria,  Australia. 

ViLLiERS,  numerous  comms.,  &c.,  of 
France. 

ViLLiNGEN,  a  town  of  Baden.  P. 
3,870. 

ViLLMAR,  a  market  town  of  Germany, 
Nassau.     P.  1,646. 

ViLLosLADA,  a  market  town  of  Spain. 
P.  1,512. 

ViLNA,  a  gov.  of  Russian  Poland,  hav- 
ing S.  the  gov.  Grodno,  E.  Minsk,  N. 
Courland,  W.  East  Prussia,  &  S.W.  the 
kingdom  of  Poland.  Area,  1,768  sq.  m. 
P.  863,700— Fi/na,  the  cap.  city,  &  for- 
merly cap.  of  Lithuania,  is  situated  at 
the  confl.  of  the  Vileika  &  Vilia,  90  m. 
N.E.  Grodno.  P.  (1834)  35,697,  of  whom 
20,000  were  Jews.  It  has  a  cathedral 
of  the  14th  century,  containing  good 
'  paintings,  &  the  marble  chapel  &  tomb 
of  St.  Casimir,  &  remains  of  the  royal 
/    castle  of  the  Jagellons,  kings  of  Poland. 

ViLs,  two    rivers   of  Bavaria. 1. 


joins  the  Danube,  after  an  E.N.E.  course 

of  70  m. II.  circ.  Xower  Franconia, 

after  a  S.  course  of  50  miles,  joins  the 
Nab. 

ViLSBiBURG,  a  walled  town  of  Lower 
Bavaria,  on  the  Vils.  P.  1.246. —  Vilseck 
is  a  small  town,  circ.  Upper  Palatine,  on 
the  Vils.     P.  1,218. 

ViLSHOFEN,  a  walled  town  of  Lower 
Bavaria,  on  the  Danube.     P.  2,150. 

ViLVESTRE,  .several  market  towns  of 
Spain.    P.  1,400. 

ViLvooEDEN,  a  town  of  Belgium,  6  m. 
N.N.E.  Brussels.     P.  5,200. 

ViMERCATE,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy. 
P.  2,300. 

ViMiEiEA,  a  petty  town  of  Portugal, 
near  the  coast,  famous  for  the  defeat  of 
the  French  by  the  duke  of  Wellington, 
21st  August,  1808. —  Vimiero  is  a  village, 
20  miles  N.  Evora. 

ViMioso,  a  fortified  town  of  Portugal, 
near  the  Spanish  frontier.     P.  1,000. 

ViMOUTiEHs,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town 
of  France,  dep.  Orne,  on  the  Vire.  P 
4,117. 

ViNADio,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Pied- 
mont, on  the  Stura.     P.  of  comm.  3,114, 

ViNALHAVEN,    a    toWBship,  Waldo    CO. 

Me.     P.  1,950. 

ViNAROz,  a  town  of  Spain,  near  the 
mouths  of  the  Ebro.     P.  10,600. 

ViNAY,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Isere.     P.  3,386. 

ViNCA,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  E.  Pyrenees.     P.  2,021. 

ViNCENNEs,  a  comm..  town,  &  castle 
of  France,  dep.  Seine,  4  m.  E.  the  Bar- 
riere  du  Trone,  Paris.  P.  3,773.  The 
castle,  erected  in  1339,  in  the  midst  of  a 
forest,  was  used  as  a  royal  residence  till 
the  time  of  Louis  XV.  It  was  afterwards 
made  a  state  prison,  &  has  a  square  tur- 
retted  keep,  is  enclosed  by  dry  ditches,  & 
entered  by  two  draw-bridges.  The  great 
Conde,  Diderot,  Mirabeau,  &  many  other 
distinguished  persons,  have  been  con- 
fineii  in  this  fortress,  outside  of  which  the 
duke  D'Enghien  was  shot  by  the  order  of 
Napoleon,  21st  March,  1804.  It  con- 
tains a  fine  armory,  depot  of  artillery,  & 
the  tomb  of  the  duke  D'Enghien.  The 
wood  of  Vincennes  is  a  favorite  holiday 
resort  of  the  Parisians. 

Vincennes,  a  vill.,  cap.  Knox  co.  In- 
diana, on  the  Wabash,  here  230  yards 
.across,  28  m.  N.E.  Palmyra.  P.  2,070. 
It  is  the  oldest  town  in  the  st  ate. 

Vincent,  a  township,  U.  S.,  N.  Amer- 
ica, Penn.,  30  miles  N.W.  Philadelphia. 
P.  2,426. 

Vincent  (St.),   a    British  W.   India 


Vin] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


813 


island,  Windward  group,  lat.  15°  23'\N., 
Ion.  61°  13'  W.,  22  m.  S.  St.  Lucia,  &  90 
m.  W.  Bnrbiidoes.  Area,  130  sq.  miles. 
P.  27,248.  The  centre  of  the  island  is 
mntnous.,  &  the  Souffriere,  an  extinct 
volcano,  rises  to  3,000  feet  above  the  sea. 
It  has  many  fertile  vallej'S  ;  all  around 
the  coast  is  a  rich  belt  of  low  land,  & 
about  2-5lhs  of  the  surface  are  under 
culture  for  sugar.  Prineip.  towns,  Kings- 
town, the  cap.,  Calliaqua,  Georgetown,  & 

Princes-town. II.  one  of  the    Cape 

Verd  islands,  in  the  Atlantic.  L.  15  in., 
gr.  br.  9  in.  Surface  mntnous. — Cape  St. 
Vincent  is  theS.W.  extremity  of  Portu- 
gal.— St.  Vincent  gulf,  S.  Australia,  is 
betw.  lat.  34°  &  35°  40'  S.,  &  about  Ion. 
138°  E.  L.  90  m.,  breadth  of  entrance, 
35  miles. 

Vincent  (St.),  sevl.  comms.  &  vilLs. 
of  France. 

ViNCHiATURO,  a  town  of  Naples.  P. 
3,000. 

Vinci,  a  town  of  Italy,  Tuscany,  17 
m.  W.  Florence.     P.  of  comm.  5,300. 

ViNDAu,  a  seaport  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Courland.  P.  2  000.— The  Vindau  river 
rises  iiear  Shavli,  enters  the  Baltic  after 
a  course  of  160  miles. 

ViNDHYAN  Mountains,  a  range  in 
India,  separating  the  basins  of  the  Gan- 
ges &  Nerbuddah  rivers.  EleV.  2,000  to 
2,600  feet. 

Vindicari,  a  small  t.  &  port  of  Sicily. 

Vinegar-Hill,  Ireland,  Leinster  co. 
Wexford. 

Vingorla,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bombay. 

ViNHAEs,  a  town  of  Portugal.  It  is 
walled. 

VlNiczA,  a  town  of  Austrian  Croatia. 

ViNKOvEZE,  a  market  town  of  Mili- 
tary Slavonia.  P.  2,200. —  Vinkovitz  is 
a  mkt.  town  of  Russian  Poland.  P.  1,500. 

ViNNiTZA,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
gov.  Podolia,  on  the  Bug.     P.  7;500. 

ViNOvo,  a  coram.  '&  vill.  of  IST.  Italy, 
Piedmont.     P.  3,007. 

ViNSOBRES,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
France,  dep.  DrOme.     P.  1,576. 

ViNTiMiGLiA,  a  fortified  town  of  the 
Sard.dom.,  div.  &  18  m.  E.N.E.  Nice,  on 
the  Mediterr.     P.  5.000. 

Vinton,  co.  0.     P.  9,353. 

ViNUESA,  a  town  of  Spain,  15  m.  N.W. 
Soria.^  P.  722. —  Vinzaglio  is  a  market 
town  of  N.  Italy,  Piedmont.  P.  of  comm. 
1,123. 

Violet,  a  tnshp.,  Ohio,  co.  Fairfield. 
P.  2,878. 

ViKANCHIPUEA  &  ViEAPBLLY,  2  tOWnS 

of  British  India,  presid.  Madras. 


ViHAN-sHEHR,  a  Tuined  city  of  Asia- 
Minor,  Anatolia. 

ViRE  {Viria),  a  river  of  France,  after 
a  N.  course  of  60  m.,  enters  the  English 
channel. 

ViRE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France,  dep. 
Calvados,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Vire.  P.  7,658. 
—  Virey  is  a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Manche. 
P.  L485 

Virgil,  a  tnshp.,  Cortland  co.  N.  Y., 
on  E.  Oivego  creek.     P.  2,410. 

Virginia,  a  small  mkt.  town  of  Irel., 
Ulster  CO.  &  15  m.  S.E.  Cavan. 

Virginia,  one  of  the  S.  States  of  N. 
America,  mostly  betw.  lat.  36°  30-&  40° 
N.,  &  Ion.  75°  40'  &  83°  30'  W.,  having 
E,  Chesapeake  bay  &  the  Allantic  ocean  ; 
&  on  other  sides  the  states  Maryland, 
Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  Tennessee,  &  N. 
Carolinai.  Area,  64,000  sq.  lailes.  P.  in 
184€,  1,239,797,  of  whom.  449,187  were 
slaves  ;  in  1850,  1,421,661,  of  whom, 
472,528  were  slaves.  The  Appalachian 
mountains',  in  several  parallel  ranges, 
cover  the  centre  of  the  state,  <&  rise  ija 
some  peaks  to  6,000  ft.  above  the  ocean, 
they  separate  the  James  &  Roanoake 
rivers,  flowing  into  the  Chesapeake  bay 
on  the  W.,  from  afBs.  of  the  Ohio  &  Ten- 
nessee, which  water  the  W.  part  of  the 
state.  The  Ohio  forms  all  the  N.W.,  & 
the  Potomac  the  N.E.  frontier.  For 
about  100  m.  from  the  coast,  the  surface 
is  level,  &  in  many  parts  swampy,  or 
covered  with  pine  barrens  ;  further  in- 
land the  valleys  are  of  high  fertility; 
the  W.  part  of  the  st-ate  abounds  with 
forests.  Large  quantities  of  wheat 
(though  of  inferior  quality),  with  maize, 
oats,  &  rye,  are  raised,  &  about  l-3d  of 
the  Tobacco  produced  in  the  Union  is 
grown  in  this  state;  the  crop  in  1840 
amounted  to  672,563  cwls.  Live  stock 
of  all  kinds  pretty  numerous,  400,000 
tons  are  raised  annually.  Some  lead, 
gold,  &  other  metals,  are  produced  ;  & 
the  salt  springs  are  important.  Cotton, 
woollen,  &  metallic  goods  are  made,  but 
manufacturing  industry  is  much  less  ex- 
tended than  in  the  states  to  the  N.  &  E. 
There  are  485  miles  railway  in  opera- 
tion, &  735  ill  course  of  construction. 
Value  of  exports  (1850),  $3,415,646;  of 
imports,  $426,599.  Staje  debt,  S9,747,- 
443.  Pub.  property,  §13,112,832.  Pub- 
lic rev.,  $596,931.  \'ii-ginia  is  divided 
into  120  COS.,  &■  has  13  representatives  in 
Cong.  Chief  towns,  Richmond  the  cap., 
Norfolk,  Petersburg,  &  Fredericksburg. 
This  was  the  seat  of  the  first  colony 
planted  by  the  English  in  North  Amer- 
ica.    It  was  pamed  ia  honor  of  Queen 


814 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[VIT 


Elizabeth.  It  strenuously  supported 
the  cause  of  the  Stuarts  in  the  civil  war. 
It  was  the  native  country  of  both  Wash- 
ington &  Jefferson.- II.  p-v.,  cap.  Cass 

/  CO.  111. ill.  t.,  Coshocton  co.  0.     P. 

1,105. 

Virgin  Islands,  in  the  British  W. 
Indies,  are  a  group  E.  of  Porto  Rico,  & 
comprising  the  British  islands  Virgin- 
Gorda,  Tortola,  Anegada,  Vieque,  Cule- 
bra,  &c.,  &  the  Danish  islands  St.  John 
&iSt.  Thomas.— Firfift  Gorda,  in  W. 
part  of  the  group,  is  of  very  irregular 
shape.  L.  N.E.  to  S.W.,  9  m.,  breadth 
varies  to  4  m. 

ViRiEu,  a  comm.   &  market  town  of 

France,  dep.   Isere.     P.  1,285. Viri- 

eux  le  Grand  is  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town, 
dep.  Ain.  P.  794. — &  Viriville  is  a 
comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Isere.     P.  2,092. 

ViROFLAY,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-et-Oise.     P.  1,057. 

ViRTON,  the  most  S.  town  of  Belgian 
Luxembourg.     P.  2,000. 

ViRTZERV  (Lake),  Russia,  is  26  m.  in 
length,  breadth  8  m. 

VisAN,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Vaucluso.     P.  2,230. 

ViscARDO  (Cape),  the  N.  extrem.  of 
the  Ionian  isl.  Cephalonia. 

Vise,  a  town  of  Belgium,  on  rt.  b.  of 
the  Meuse.     P.  2,076. 

VisEU,  a  city  of  Portugal,  46  miles 
N.N.E.  Coimbra.     P.  9,160. 

VisHERA,  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the 
Kama.     Course  260  m. 

Vishnu- VoLOTCHOK,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, on  the  Zna.  P.  9,115.  The  canal 
between  the  Zna  &  Tvertza,  constructed 
under  Peter  the  Great,  connects  the  na- 
vigation of  the  Baltic  &  Caspian  seas,  & 
is  frequented  by  upwards  of  2,000  vessels 
annually. 

Vishnu  Prayaga,  a  place  of  Hindoo 
pilgrimage,  in  N.  Hindostan. 

Viso,  several  towns  of  Spain. 1,  {del 

Alcor),  prov.  Sevilla.     P.   2,991. II. 

{del  Mnrqu.es),  prov.  &  28  m.  S.E.  Ciu- 

dad  Real.   P.  2,010. III.  {de  los  Fed- 

roches),  prov.  &  35  m.  N.N.W.  Cordova.^ 
P.  2,596. — Monte  Viso  is  a  principal' 
summit  of  the  Alps. 

VisoKA,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Bosnia,  on  the  Bqsna.     P.  2,000. 

Visp,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant.  Va- 
lais,  on  the  Visp. 

VissEGRAD,  a  mkt.  town  of  Hungary, 
21  miles  N.N.W.  Pesth.,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Danube. —  Vischegrad  is  a  vill.  of  Bos- 
nia, on  the  Drin. 

VisTRE,  a  river  of  France,  dep.  Gard, 
after  a  S.W.  course  of  30  m.  joins  the  ! 


canal  of  Radella. — The  Vistritz,  a  river 
of  European  Turkey,  Macedonia,  after  a 
N.E.  &  S.E.  course  of  80  m. 

Vistula,  a  river  of  Europe,  rises  in 
the  Carpathian  mntns.,  flows  in  Austrian 
Silesia,  partly  separates  Galicia  from 
Poland,  traverses  Poland  &  E.  Prussia, 
forming  the  main  channel  of  trade  in 
these  countries,  &  enters  the  Baltic  by 
several  mouths.  Total  course,  including 
windings,  530  m. 

ViTCHEGDA,  a  river  of  Russia,  join.s 
the  Dviua.     Totnl  course  380  m. 

•Vitebsk,  a  gov.  of  Russian  Poland 
Area,  17,212  sq.  m.  P.  789,500,  mostly 
Roman  Catholics.  Principal  towns,  Vi- 
tebsk, the  cap.,  Velij,  Diinaburg,  &  Po- 
lotzk. —  Vitebsk,  the  cap.,  is  situated  on 
both  sides  of  the  Diina,  here  joined  by 
the  Viteba,  95  miles  N.  Moghilev.  P. 
17,000.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  & 
built  mostly  of  wood. 

ViTERBO,  a  city  of  Central  Italy,  Pon- 
tif.  sta.,  at  the  foot  of  Monte  Cimino,  in 
the  Campagna  di  Roma,  42  m.  N.N.W. 
Rome.  P.  13,850.  It  is  enclosed  by 
turretted  walls,  chiefly  constructed  by 
Desiderius,  the  last  Lombard  king  of 
Italy,  is  generally  well  built  of  volcanic 
tufa,  &  has  many  handsome  residences 
&  public  fountains.  This  city  was  one 
of  the  principal  in  the  Etruscan  league  ; 
&  it  was,  in  the  middle  ages,  the  cap.  of 
the  Patrimony  of  St.  Peter,  bestowed  in 
the  12th  century  upon  the  papal  see. 

ViTH  (St.),  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia. 
P.  1,015. 

ViTiM,  a  river  of  E.  Siberia,  flows  N.E. 
&  N.  for  nearly  900  m.,  &  joins  the  Lena. 

ViTO   (San),    several    mkt.   towns    of 

Italy.- 1.  Austrian  Italy.      P.  5,000. 

II.  Naples,  on' a  hill  near  the  Adri- 
atic.  III.  7  miles  S.W.  Squillace. 

IV.  {degli  Schiavi),  15  m.  W.  Brindisi. 
— Cape  Santo  Vito  is  a  headland  on  the 
N.  coast  of  Sicily. 

ViTORiA,  a  town  of  Spain,  29  miles  S. 
Bilbao,  on  the  road  from  Madrid  to  Bay- 
onne.  P.  14,901.  Vitoria  is  celebrated 
in  the  annals  of  the  Peninsular  war,  as 
the  scene  of  a  signal  victory  gained  by 
the  English  over  the  French,  21st  June 
1813. 

ViTRB,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.Ille-et-Vilaine,  on  the  Vilaine.  P. 
8,621. 

ViTRY,  several  eomtns.  towns,  &  vills. 

of  France. 1,  dep.  Pas-de-Calais.     P. 

2,377. II.  {le  Frangois),   a    fortified 

town,    dep.    Marne.       P.  8,007. III. 

{sur  Seine),  dep.  Seine,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Seine.     P.  2,831. 


vol] 


UNIVKUSA  1-    G  AZKTTKER. 


815 


ViTTEAux,  a  couiui.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Cute  d'Or,  on  the  Brenne.     P.  1,888. 

—  Vitlefleur  is  a  oomm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Seine 
Inf.     P.  1,255. 

ViTTBL,  a  cnmm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Vosges.     P.  1,426. 

ViTTORiA,  a  town  of  Sicily.     P.  11,000. 

ViTTOKxosA,  a  strongly  fortified  town 
&  suburb  of  La  Valletta,  Malta.   - 

ViTULANO,  a  town  of  Naples.    P.  2,500. 

Viu,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  Piedmont,  on 
the  Chiara.     P.  of  comm.  3,745. 

VivARAis,  an  old  dist.  of  France,  in 
Languedoe,  of  which  Viviers  was  the  cap. 

—  Vivara  is  an  islet  of  S.  Italy. 
VivERO,  a  town  of  Spain,  at  the  mouth 

of  the  Landrova  in  the  bay  of  Biscay. 
P.  4,606. 

VivEHOLs,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Puy-de-DOme,  10  miles  S.E. 
Ambert.     P.  1,325. 

Viviers,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ard^ohe,  on  the  Rhone.     P.  2,845. 

VivoNNE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Vienne,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Clain 
&  Vonne.     P.  2,810. 

Vix,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
Vendee.     P.  3,130. 

VizA,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Kumili. 

VizAGAPATAM,  a  marit.  dist.  of  British 
India,  presid.  Madras.  Area,  5,600  sq.  m. 
P,  1,047,414. —  Vizagapatam,  the  cap.,  is 
cu  the  Coromandel  coast,  57  m.  E.  Gol- 
condah. 

VizELLA,  a  vill.  of  Portugal,  5  m.  S.E. 
Gruimaraens. 

ViziANAGRUM,  a  towu  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras. 

ViziADROOG,  a  seaport  town  of  British 
India,  presid.  &  165  m.  S.  Bombay. 

ViziLLE,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Isere.     P.  3,004. 

VizziNi,  a  town  of  Sicily.     P.  9,000. 

Vlaardingen,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, cap.  dist.,  with  a  port  on  the  Maas. 
P.  7,234. 

Vladi-Kavkas,  a  town  &  fort  of  Cir- 
cassia,  N.  the  Caucasus  range. 

Vladibiih,  a  gov.,  Russia,  nearly  in  its 
centre.  Area,  18,317  sq.m.  P.  1,246,500. 
Manufactures  extensive.  Prineip.  towns, 
Vladimir,  the  cap.,  Murom,  Shuya,  Pe- 
reslavl,  Suzdal,  &  Viaznikov. 

Vladimir,  two  towns  of  Russia. 1. 

cap.  above  gov.,  on  the  Kliazma,  120  m. 
E.N.E.   Moscow.      P.  7,400.      It  has  a 

cathedral  with  5  domes.^ II.  cap.  dist., 

on  the  Lui.     P.  5,500. 

Vlieland,  an  island  of  the  Nether- 
lands, off  the  entrance  to  the  Zuvder-Zee. 
L.  10  m. 


Vlotho,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westpha- 
lia, on  the  ^7eser.     P.  2,200. 

VocKLABRiJcK,  a  towu  of  Upper  Aus- 
tria.    P.  1,500. 

VoDiNA,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Rumili.     P.  12,000. 

VoDLA,  a  lake  &  river  of  Russia ;  the 
lake,  25  m.  N.E.  Pudoj,  30  m.  in  length, 
by  12  m.  in  breadth,  discharges  its  sur- 
plus waters  by  the  river  which  enters  lake 
Onega  on  its  E.  side,  after  a  course  of  120 
miles. 

VoEL  (Loch),  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co. 
Perth. 

VoGELSBERG,  a  mountain  range  of 
Germany. 

VoGHBRA,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Pied- 
mont.    P.  10,706. 

VoGOGNA,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
N.  Italy,  Piedmont.     P.  1,656. 

VoHBURG,  a  walled  town  of  Upper  Ba- 
varia.    P.  1,195. 

VoHL,  a  market  town  of  Germany. 

Void,  a  market  town  of  France,  dep. 
Meuse.     P.  1,561. 

VoiGTLAND,  an  old  subdivision  of  the 
kingdom  of  Sa.xony. 

VoiROisr,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Isdre,  on  the  Morge.  P.  8,255. — 
Yoisey  is  a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  H.  Marne. 
P.  1,873. 

VoiTSBERG,  a  town  of  Styria.    P.  1,000. 

VoJE,  a  lake  of  Russia,  at  the  N.E. 
extremity  of  the  gov.  Novgorod.  L.  25 
m. ;  br.  lO  m. 

VoKHAN,  a  town  of  Central  Asia. 

VoLANO,  a  market  town  of  Italy,  Pon- 
tif  states. 

VOLCAN  DE  AgUA,  V.  DE  FUEGO,  &  V. 

DE  Pacaya,  three  remarkable  volcanoes 
of  Central  America,  state  &  25  to  30  m. 
S.W.  Guatemala. 

VoLeoNDA,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras. 

Volga,  a  river  of  the  Russian  empire, 
&  the  largest  in  Europe,  rises  in  lake 
Selinguer,  at  an  elevation  of  550  ft.  above 
the  sea,  flows  E.N.E.,  E.S.E.,  S.S.W.,  & 
S.E.,  &  enters  the  Caspian  sea  by  60  or 
70  mouths,  83  ft.  below  the  ocean.  The 
extent  of  its  basin  is  estimated  at  400,000 
sq.  m.,  &  including  windings,  its  course  is 
2,000  m.,  during  which  its  entire  fall  is 
only  633  feet.  It  is  navigable  by  barges 
of  1,200  tons,  but  its  navigation  is  fre- 
quently interrupted. 

Volgsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  rt.  b.  of 
the  Volga.     P.  13,280. 

Volhynia,  a  gov.  of  Russian  Poland, 
having  S.E.  Galicia.  Area,  27,540  sq.  m. 
P.  1,455,500.  Trade  chiefly  in  the  hands 
of  Jews,  of  whom  there  are  about  40,000. 


816 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHT. 


[VOR 


Chief  towns,  Jitomir,  the  cap.,  Kreme- 
netz,  Rovno,  Staro-Konstantitiov,  Dubna, 
RadziviloT,  &  Berditchev,  which  last  is 
the  seat  of  a  large  annual  fair. 

VoLKACH,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Main.     P.  1,984. 

VoLKEMARKT,  a  town  of  Illyria. 

Volkhov,  a  riv.  of  Russia,  issues  from 
lake  Ihnen,  flows  in  a  very  direct  course 
N.N.E.  for  130  miles,  &  enters  lake  La- 
dogra. 

VoLKMARSEN,  a  walled  town  of  H. 
Cassel.     P.  2,818. 

VoLKovisK,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland. 
P.  3,000. 

VoLLENHOvE,  a  towD  of  thft  Nether- 
lands, on  the  Zuyder-Zee.     P.  1,318. 

VoLLORE,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Puy-de-Dume.     P.  3,832. 

VoLMAR,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the  Aa. 
P.  1,700. 

VoLNEY,  a  township,  New  York,  co. 
Oswego.     P.  3,155. 

VoLO,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Thessalv,  on  the  N.  side  of  its  gulf.  P. 
2,000.— The  gulf  of  Volo  is  an  inlet  of 
the  iEgean  sea.  Length  &  br.  about  18 
m.  each. 

Vologda,  a  vast  gov.  of  Europ.  Rus- 
sia, &  its  largest  next  to  Archangel,  im- 
mediately S.  of  which  it  lies.  Estima- 
ted area,  148,043  sq.  m.  P.  822,500. 
Chief  towns  Vologda  the  cap.,  Totma, 
Kadnikov,  Solvitchegodsk.  &,  Ustiug- Ve- 
liki. 

VoLOGD  A,  a  city  of  N.  Russia,  cap.  gov., 
near  its  W.  extremity,  orr  the  Vologda. 
P.  14,000. 

Volokolamsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  64 
m.  W.N.W.  Moscow,  on  the  Lama.  P. 
3,000. 

VoLSK,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  &  70  m. 
N.E.  Saratov,  cap.  circ,  on  the  Volga. 
P.  3,000. 

VoLTA,  a  town  of  Austrian  Italy,  near 
the  Minco.     P.  4,000. 

VoLTA,  a  river  of  Guinea,  rises  in  the 
Kong  mntns.  L.  360  m. —  Cape  Voltas, 
S.  Africa,  in  the  British  territory,  S.  the 
mouth  of  the  Orange  river. 

Voltaire  (Cape),  a  headland  of  N.W. 
Australia. 

Voltchansk,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the 
Voltcha.     P.  7,090. 

Volterha,  a  town  of  Central  Italy, 
Tuscany,  prov.  &  32  m.  S.E.  Pisa.  P. 
4,500.  It  stands  on  a  lofty  rock  of  terti- 
ary sandstone,  is  enclosed  by  walls  of 
curiouS'  Etruscan  architecture,  &  has  two 
ancient  gates. 

Voltri,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Sard.  dom. 
P.  3,000. 


VoLTURNO,  a  river  of  Naples,  enters 
the  Mediterranean,  20  miles  S.E.  Gaeta. 
Coarse  90  m. 

Volturara,  two  towns  of  Nnples. 

I.  14  miles  W  S.W.  St.  Angelo  dei  Lom- 
bards P.  1,900. II.  in  the  Appennines. 

P.  2,600. 

VoLUNTOWN,  t.,  Windham  co.  Conn. 
P.  1,185. 

VoLvic,  a  eomra.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Puy-de-Ddme.     P.  3,403. 

Vomano,  a  river  of  Central  Italj',  Na- 
ples, after  an  E.  course  of  50  m.  enters 
the  Adriatic  sea. 

Vonitza,  or  VoNizzA,  a  t.  of  Greece, 
on  an  inlet  of  the  gulf  of  Arta.  P.  2,500. 
— The  bay  of  Vonitza  has  good  anchor- 
age in  from  12  to  14  f.ithotns  water. 

Vorrburg  k    VooRscHOTEN,   2  vills, 

of  the  Netherlands. 1.   2  m.   E.S.E. 

the   Hiiffue,  with  2,307  inhiibs. II.  3 

m.  S  S.W.  Leyden.  P.  1,432.— "Toom  is 
an  isl.  of  S.  Holland,  betvveen  the  Maas 
&  Haring-vliet,  at  their  mouth  in  the  N. 
sea.     L.  13  ui.,  br.  6  m. 

Vorarlberg,  a  circ.  of  the  Austrian 
empire,  at  the  W.  e.xtrem.  of  the  Tyrol. 

Vordate,  the  N.-most  island  of  the 
Timor- Laut  group,  in  the  Asiatic  Archi- 
pelago. 

Vohden,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands,  5 
m.  E.S.E.  Zutphen. 

VoRDiNGBORG,  a  maritime  town  of 
Denmark,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island 
Seeland.  It  has  a  ruined  castle,  &  1,000 
inhahs. 

Voreppe,  a  coinm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Isere.     P.  3,021. 

VoREY,  acomm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
H.Loire.     P.  2,139. 

VoRMS,  an  island  in  the  Baltic,  be- 
lon°;ing  to  Russia.     L.  10  m.,  br.  5  m. 

VoRONA,  a  river  of  Russia,  after  a 
course  of  220  m.,  joins  the  Choper. 

Voronej,  a  gov.  of  S.  Ru'^sia.  Area. 
25,691  sq.  ra.  P.  1,657,900.  Wine  is 
raised  in  some  part.-,  &  tlie  surplus  pro- 
duce of  corn  in  goorl  years,  is  estimated 
at  2,200,000  qrs.  Principal  towns,  Voro- 
nej, the  cap.,  Ostrogojsk,  Pavlovsk,  Bog- 
utchar,  Korotojak,  &  Novo  -  Chopersk. 
The  crown  rev.  from  this  gov.  amounts 
to  about  15  millions  roubles  annually. — 
Voronej,  the  cnp.,  is  situated  on  the  Vo- 
rona.,  near  its  confl.  with  the  Don.  130  m. 
E.  Koursk.  P.  18,600.  It  stands  on  a 
steep  height,  &  is  naturally  strong.  Pe- 
ter the  Great  here  founded  a  palace  & 
large  dock  yards  &  arsenals,  &  here  was 
built  the  first  vessel  of  his  fleet  for  the 
sea  of  Azov;  but  most  of  the  naval  es- 
tablishments have  been  removed  to  Tav- 


WAC] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


817 


rov  &  Rostov.  Since  his  time,  however, 
Voronej  has  beeome  one  of  the  chief  com- 
mercial towns  in  S.  Russia. 

VoRSELAER,  acomm.  &  vill.,  Belgium, 
prov.  Antwerp,  2  m.  W.S.W.  Turnhout. 
p.  1,500. —  Vorsfelcle  is  a  market  town  of 
Geriu.mv,  on  the  Aller,  with  1,300  inhabs. 

VoRSKLA,  a  river  of  Russia,  &  after  a 
course  of  150  m.,  joins  the  Dnieper. 

VoRST,  a  vill.  of  Rhenish  Prussia.  P. 
1,070. 

VosGEs,  a  chain  of  mountains  in  the 
N.E.  of  France,  the  S.E.  of  Belgium,  & 
the  W.  of  &ermany. 

VosGES,  a  dep.  of  France,  in  the  N.E., 
formed  of  the  S.  part  of  the  old  prov.  Lor- 
raine. Cap.  Epinal.  Area,  2,304  sq.  m. 
P.  427,409. 

VosKRESENSK,  a  town  of  Russia,  34 
m.  W.N.W.  Moscow.  P.  1,500.— Vosnes- 
ensk  is  a  large  market  town,  &  the  chief 
of  the  military  colonies  of  Russia,  on  the 

.  VosTizzA,  a  maritime  town  of  Greece, 
Morea,  gov.  Achaia.     P.  2,500. 

VoTKA,  a  town  &  important  manuf. 
dist.  of  Russia,  on  the  Ij.     P.  9,000. 

Vou-CHANG,  a  city  of  China. —  Vou- 
ching &  Von-ting  are  cities  in  the  provs. 
Kiang-si  &  Yun-nan. 

VauGA,  a  river  of  Portugal,  enters  an 
inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  after  a  W.S.W. 
course  of  60  m. 

VoaiLLE,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dcp.  Vienne.     P.  1,435. 

VouNETJiL  SuR  Vienne,  a  comm.  & 
vill.  of  France.     P.  1,326. 

VoTJLTE  (La),  VoUa,  a,  comm.  &  mkt. 
town  of  France,  dep.  Ardeche,     P.  3,155. 

VouTEZAc,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  Prance,  dep.  Corr^ze.     P.  2,537. 

VouvRAY,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Indre-et-Loire,  on  right  bank  of  the 
Loire,  7  m.  E.  Tours.     P.  2,341. 

VouziERS,  a  comm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Ardennes,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Aisn~e.  P. 
2,771. —  Vouzon  is  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town, 
dep.  Loire-et-Cher.     P.  1,213. 

VovES,  a  comm.  ■&  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  Eure-et-Loir.     P.  1,256 

VoY  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  H.  Loire.     P.  2,647. 

VoYAVAL,  a  town  of  Asia- Minor,  Ana- 
tolia. 

VoYtrssA,  a  river  of  European  Turkey, 
Albania,  after  a  W.  course  of  130  m.,  en- 
ters the  Adriatic  sea. 

Vracene,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Bel- 
gium.    P.  5,300. 

Vrachori,  a  town  of  Greece.  Five  m. 
S.E.  is  the  Lake  Vrachori,  6  m.  in  length, 
E.  to  W.,  by  4  m.  in  breadth. 

35 


Vrana,  a  town  of  Turkey,  formerly  a 

depend,  of  Syria.     P.  3,000.(7) II.  a 

vill.  &  ruined  fortress  of  Dalmatia,  20  m. 
S.E.  Zara,  on  the  Lake  of  Vrana,  which 
is  8  m.  in  length,  by  8  m.  in  av.  breadth. 
Here  was  formerly   a   residence  of  the 

Grand  Master  of  the  Templars. III. 

a  vill.  &  convent  of  Greece,  on  the  plain 
of  Marathon,  20  m.  N.E.  Athens.— Frare- 
duk  is  a  town  of  Bosnia,  on  the  Bosna. 

Vreden,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, on  the  Berkel.  P.  2,600. — 
Vreeswyk  is  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
on  the  Leek.     P.  1,078. 

Vries,  &  Vrieseveen,  two  vills.  of 
the  Netherlands. 

Vrigne-aux-Bois,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Ardennes.     P.  1,155. 

Vukovar,  a  town  of  the  Austrian 
empire,  Slavonia,  cap.  co.  Syrmia,  on  rt. 
b.  of  the  Danube.     P.  5,670. 

Vulcano,  the  most  S.  of  the  Lipari 
islands,  in  the  Mediterranean  sea,  &  12 
m.  N.  the  coast  of  Sicily.  It  is  about  7 
m.  in  length  by  3  m.  in  breadth,  moun- 
tainous, &  has  near  its  centre  a  crater 
about  J  m.  in  circumference  &  j  m.  deep, 
which  constantly  emits  vapor  chaTged 
with  sulphur,  alum,  vitriol,  &  ammonia. 

VuNA,  one  of  the  Feejee  isls.,  faciflo 
ocean. 

Vuoxen,  a  river  of  Finland,  enters 
Lake  Ladoga  at  Kexholm  on  its  W.  side. 
Total  course  350  m. 

VusiTHiN,  a  tovyn  of  European  Turkey, 
in  the  S.  part  of  Servia.    P.  3,000. 

Vytegra,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the 
Vytegra.     P.  2,500. 


Waag,  a  river  of  W.  Hungary,  after 
a  course  of  200  m.  joins  the  Danube. 

Waalwyk,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands. 
P.  2,750. 

Wabash,  a  river,  joins  the  Ohio,  of 
which  it  is  the  principal  tributary  from 
the  -N.     Total  course  400  m.,  &  for  the 

latter  2-3ds  it  is  navig. II.  a  co.  of 

Illinois.    Cap.  Mount  Carmel.    Area,  180 

sq.  m.     P.  4,690. III.  a  co.,  Indiana. 

Cap.  Wabash.  Area,  415 sq.m.  P.  12,138. 

IV.  t.,  Fountain  co.   la.     P.  1,135. 

V.  t.,  Tippecanre  co.  la.     P.  1,009. 

Wabassee,  an  unorganized  co.  Mich. 

Wabashaw,  CO.,  Minnesota.     P.  243. 

Waccamaw,  a  river,  N.  &  S.  Carolina, 
after  a  S.  course  of  100  m,,  joins  the 
estuary  of  the  Great  Pedee. 

Wachenheim,  a  mkt.  town  of  Rhenish 


818 


CYCLOPEDIA  OF  GEOGRAPHV. 


[WAL 


Bavaria.    P.  2,920. —  Wachback  is  a  vill. 
of  Wurtemberg.     P.  1,201. 

Wachoko,  a  town  of  Poland. 

Wachxjsett,  mountain,  Worcester  co. 
Mass.     Elev.  3,000  feet. 

Wachstedt,  a  vill.  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony.    P.  1,155. 

Wachtendonk,  a  town  of  Ehenish 
Prussia,  on  the  Neers.     P.  2,000. 

Wacken,  a  vill.  of  Belgium.  P.  2,800. 

"Wadenschwvl,  a  vill.  of  Sivitzerland, 
cant.  &  12  m.  S.S.E.  Zurich.     P.  5,100. 

Wadesbohough,  p-v.,  cap.  Anson  co. 
N.  C. II.  p-v.,  cap.  Galloway  co.  Ky. 

Wador,  a  town  of  Atfghanistan. 

Wadowice,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia.     P.  3,090. 

Wadsworth,    t.,    Medina  co.    0.     P. 

1,481. II.   a  township,  England,  co. 

York.     P.  5,583. 

Wady  (Arab,  a  valley),  the  prefixed 
name  of  numerous  localities  in  the  East, 
&  in  Africa. 

Waereghem,  &  Waeeschoot,  2  viils. 
of  Belgium. 

Wageningen,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, on  the  Rhine.     P.  2,000. 

Wagek  River,  a  large  estuary  or  inlet 
of  British  N.  America. 

Wagram,  a  vill.  of  Lower  Austria,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Rossback,  11  miles 
N.B.  Vienna.  It  is  famous  for  the  vic- 
tory of  Napoleon  over  the  Austrians,  6th 
July  1809,  which  was  followed  by  the 
treaty  of  Schonbriinn. 

Wahlstatt,  a  vill.  &  monastery  of 
Prussian  Silesia.  Here,  in  1241,  Henry 
of  Leignitz  was  defeated  by  the  Mongols  ; 
&  here,  26th  August,  1813,  the  French 
were  defeated  by  the  Prussians  under 
Blucher,  who  thence  derived  his  title  of 
prince  of  Wahlstadt. 
-  "Wahnahta,  CO.,  Minnesota.     P.  160. 

Wahring,  a  vill.  of  Austria,  adjoining 
Vienna  on  the  W.     P.  1,300. 

Wahungen,  a  town  of  Germany.  P. 
3,400. 

Waiblingen,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
ontheRems.     P.  3,100. 

Waibstadt,  a  town  of  Baden.  P. 
1,854. 

Waidhofen,  two  towns  of  Lower  Aus- 
tria.  1,  onthelps.     P.  3,000. IL 

on  the  Thaya.     P.  1,400. 

Waigiou  Island,  Pacific  ocean,  N.  of 
New  Guinea. 

Wai-ho,  &  Waikahotjrounga,  a  rir. 
&  estuary  of  New  Zealand,  N.  isl. 

Waikato,  the  principal  river  of  Now 
Zealand,  N.  island,  enters  the  ocean  at 
Waikato  harbor.  Total  course  estimated 
at  140  m. 


AVainfleet,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
00.  Lincoln.     P.  2,117. 

Wairau,  &  Waihoa,  two  rivers  of 
New  Zealand. 

Waitsfield,  t.,  Washington  co.  Vt. 
P.  1,048. 

Waitzen,  a  town  of  Central  Hungary, 
CO.  &  20  miles  N.  Pesth,  on  1.  b.  of  the 
Danube.    P.  11,271. 

V/ajo,  a  kingdom  of  Celebes,  on  its 
W.  limb,  N.  of  the  state  of  Boni,  on  the 
gulf  of  Boni.  Cap.  Tesora,  a  large 
straggling  town  with  extensive  ruins. 
P.  6,000. 

Wake,  a  co.  in  centre  of  N.  Carolina, 
cap.  Raleigh.  Area,  1,140  sq.  m.  P. 
24,827. 

Waicefield,  a  town  &  tnshp.  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  York,  W.  Riding.   P.  71,768. 

II.  t.,  Carroll  co.  N.  H.     P.  1,396. 

Wakulla,  co.,  Fla.     P.  1,955. 

Walachia,  one  of  the  principalities 
of  the  Danube,  bounded  S.E.,  S.,  &  S.W. 
by  the  Danube,  which  separates  it  from 
Bulgaria,  &  Servia,  N.  by  Moldavia  & 
the  Austrian  empire.  Cap.  Bucharest. 
Estim.  area,  27,500  sq.  m.  Estim.  p. 
1,976,800.  Maize  is  the  chief  food  of 
the  inhabitants.  The  vine  thrives  well. 
The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  Walachians, 
with  a  mixture  of  gypsies,  Jews,  Arme- 
nians, &  Greeks,  mostly  of  the  Greek 
church,  speaking  a  corrupt  dialect  of  the 
Latin  language.  This  country  formed 
part  of  Dacia  in  the  Roman  empire.  It 
was  afterwards  under  the  dominion  of 
the  Goths  &  Huns  j  it  formed  a  separate 
kingdom  in  1290;  in  1479  it  was  con- 
quered by  Mohammed  II. ;  it  regained 
its  independence  for  a  short  time,  &  after- 
wards formed  a  prov.  of  the  Ottoman 
empire  till  1829.  By  the  treaty  of 
Adrianople  in  1830,  it  was  placed  under 
the  protection  of  Russia,  &  its  vassalage 
to  Turkey  is  merely  nominal.  Its  gov- 
ernment is  independent,  but  it  pays  tri- 
bute to  the  Porte.  ,  The  hospodar,  or 
governor,  is  elected  for  life. 

Waladia  (El),  a  maritime  town  of 
Morocco,  with  a  harbor  at  the  mouth  of 
a  river  in  the  Atlantic. 

Walchen-see,  a  lake  of  Upper 
Bavaria. 

Walcheren,  the  most  W.  of  the  isls. 
of  the  Netherlands,  prov.  Zealand,  betw. 
the  E.  &  W.  Scheldt.  L.  U  m. ;  br.  10  m. 
P.  45,000. 

Waldbockelheim,  a  market  town  of 
Rhenish  Prussia.     P.  1,270. 

Waldeck,  a  town  of  Germany,  on  the 

Eder.     P.  1,000. II.  a  mkt.  town  of 

Bavaria. III.  Lower  Austria. 


wal] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


819 


Waldeck-Pyrmont,  a  prineip.  of  Ger- 
many, enclosed  by  Prussian  Westphalia 
&  Hessen  Cassel ;  Pyrmont,  detached  30 
m.  N.-\vard.  United  area,  461  sq.  m. 
P.  58,753.  Chief  towns,  Arolsen,  the 
cap.,  in  Waldeck;  &  Pyrmont.  Public 
revenue  estimated  at  230,000  rix  dollars 
a  year  ;  public  debt  680,000  dollars. 

Waldegrave  Island,  S.  Australia, 
on  the  S.  side  of  Anxious  bay,  Eyre  land. 

Waldenbach,  a  town  of  Wurtemberg. 
P.  1,952. 

Waldenbukg,  three  towns  of  Germany. 

1.  Prussian  Silesia,  on  the  Polsnitz. 

P.  2,750. II.  Saxony,  on  the  Mulde. 

P.  2,253. III.  Wurtemberg.  P.  1,060. 

Waldheim,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the 

Zschoppau.     P.  3,872. II.  a  vill.  of 

Bohemia. 

Waldkappel,  a  town  of  Germany. 
P.  1,304. 

Waldkirch,  a  walled  town  of  Baden, 
on  the  Elz.     P.  2,576. 

Waldkirchen,  two  vills.  of  Germany. 

Waldmohr,  a  vill.  of  Rhenish  Bavaria, 
on  the  Glan.     P.  1,191. 

Waldmxjnchen,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Schwarzach.     P.  2,132. 

Waldo,  a  central  co.  Me.  Area,  812 
sq.  m.     Cap.  Belfast.     P.  47,230. 

Waldoborough,  a  port  &  township, 
Lincoln  co.  U.  S.,  N.  Amer.,  Maine,  on 
Miscongus  bay,  28  m.  S.E.  Augusta.  P. 
4,199. 

Waldsassen,  a  mkt.  town  of  Bavaria, 
on  the  Eger.     P.  1,522. 

Waldsee,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg.  P. 
1,570.— zWaldshut  is  a  walled  town  of 
Baden,  on  the  Rhine.     P.  1,364. 

Waldurn,  a  town  of  Baden.    P.  3,136. 

Waleni,  a  small  town  of  Walachia, 

Wales  (Principality  of),  a  penin- 
sular portion  of  S.  Britain,  on  its  W. 
side.  Area,  7,426.  P.  1,188,821.  Lakes 
are  insignificant,  that  of  Bala,  the  largest, 
is  only  8  m.  in  length.  Farms  mostly 
small,  averaging  in  S.  Wales  only  from 
50  to  60  acres,  where,  however,  the  ten- 
antry are  far  better  lodged  than  in  the 
N.  Average  rent,  6s.  Qd.  per  acre.  An- 
nual value  of  real  property,  3,465, 718Z. 
Large  numbers  of  cattle  are  reared  for 
the  English  markets.  The  number  of 
sheep  is  estimated  at  1,250,000,  &  the 
annual  produce  of  wool  at  10,000  packs. 
A  hardy  small  breed  of  ponies  is  reared, 
especially  in  the  cos.  Montgomery  & 
Merioneth.  Mining  industry  is  highly 
important.  Principal  ports,  Swansea, 
Newport,  Cardiff,  Carnarvon,  &  Beau- 
maris, besides  which,  Holyhead  is  a  chief 
packet-station  for  communication  with 


Ireland,  &  Milford  is  a  naval  port,  &  the 
seat  of  a  government  dock-yard.  Wales 
is  divided  into  12  cos.  Wales  is  in  the 
ecclesiastical  prov.  of  Canterbury,  &  di- 
vided into  the  4  bishopricks  of  Llandaff, 
St.  David's,  Bangor,  &  St,  Asaph.  The 
aboriginal  Celtic  race  still  retains  the 
Celtic  language,  &  inhabits  .S.  Wales  ;  a 
mixture  of  Teutonic  &  Celtic,  N.  Wales. 
Wales  was  entitled  Britannia  Secmida 
by  the  Romans,  who  constructed  many 
roads  &  stations  in  the  country.  It  main- 
tained a  successful  struggle  against  the 
Saxons,  &  was  not  wholly  subdued  by  the 
Normans  until  1282,  since  which  era  the 
heir  apparent  of  the  English  throne  has 
always  held  the  title  of  prince  of  Wales. 
IL  p-t.,  Erie  co.  N.  Y.     P.  2,121 

Walincourt,  a  comm.  &  village  of 
France,  dep.  Nord.     P.  2,602. 

Walker,    cos.,    U.  S. 1,  in  N.AV. 

part  of  Georgia,  cap.  La  Fayette.     Area 

700  sq.  m.     P.  13,109. II.  in  N.W.  of 

Alabama.     Area  1,500  sq.  m.     P.  5,124. 

III.  Texas.     P.  3,964. IV.  town, 

Centre- CO.  Pa.     P.    1,180. 'V.  town, 

Cole  CO.  Mo.     P.  1,354. 

Wallabout,  baj',  Brooklyn  co.  N.  Y. 
Here  the  British  prison-ship  Jersey  was 
moored  during  the  revolutionary  war,  on 
board  of  which  11,500  died. 

Wallace,  a  co.  of  New  S.  Wales,  E. 
Australia. 

Wallace-town,  a  modern  &  popu- 
lous suburb  of  Ayr,  Scotland. 

Wallajabad,  a  town  of  British  India, 
.presid.  Madras. 

Wallamette,  or  Willamette,  a  riv. 
of  the  Oregon  territory,  U.  S.,  after  a  N. 
course  of  200  m.,  joins  the  Columbia  riv. 
opposite  Fort  Vancouver,  &  70  m.  from 
the  Pacific  ocean.  It  flows  through  a 
fertile  country  interspersed  with  woods, 
&  40  m.  from  its  mouth  is  350  feet  wide, 
has  an  abrupt  fall  of  20  feet,  &  a  valua- 
ble salmon  fishery.  At  its  junction  with 
the  Columbia,  the  Watlamette  is  i  m.  in 
width.  It  is  subject,  to  sudden  risings, 
sometimes  to  30  feet  above  its  ordinary 
level. 

Wallarobba,  a  vill.  of  New  S.  Wales, 
E.  Australia. 

Walldorf,  a  vill.  of  Germany,  on  the 
Werra.  P.  1,500. —  Walldiirn  is  a  town 
of  Baden.     P.  3,136. 

Wallendorf,  a  town  of  N.  Hungary, 
on  the  Hermad.  P.  3,000.— Wallenfels 
is  a  market  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Ro- 
dach.     P.  1,121. 

Wallenstadt,  a  lake  &  small  town 
of  Switzerland,  cant.  St.  Gall. 

Walleen,  a  t.  of  Bohemia.    P.  2,069. 


820 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[WAK 


Wallers,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Nord.     P.  3,122. 

Wallerstein,  a  town  of  Bavaria.  P. 
1,950. —  Wallhausen  is  a  town  of  Pruss. 
Saxony,  on  ihe  Helme.     P.  1,055. 

"Wallingford,  a  town  of  England, 
chieiiy  in  co.  Berks,  on  right  bank  of  the 

Thames. II.  t..  New  Haven  co.  Conn. 

P.  2,595. III.  t.,  Rutland  co.  Vt.     P. 

1,608. 

Wallis  (cheek),  New  S.  Wales,  E. 
Australia,  joins  the  river  Hunter. — {isl- 
and), same  co.,  in  Port-Hunter. II. 

Pacific  ocean,  Friendly  isls. — (lake),  New 
S.  Wales,  CO.  Gloucester.  L.  10  m.,  br.  5  m. 

Wallis  Island  {Ilea),  the  principal 
of  a  group  in  S.  Pacific. 

Wallkill,  a  tnshp..  Orange  co.  N.  Y., 
on  Wallkill  river,  18  m.  W.  Newburgh. 
P.  4,942. 

Wallstadt  (Gross  &  Klein),  two 
contiguous  mkt.  towns  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Main.     P.  . 

Wall-Town,  a  tnshp.  of  England,  co. 
Northumberland. 

Walmer,  a  pa.  of  England,  co.  Kent, 
on  the  E.  coast,  1  mile  S.S.W.  Deal.  P. 
2,170.  Facing  the  sea,  opposite  the 
Downs,  is  Walmer  castle,  built  by  Henry 
VIII.,  now  fitted  up  for  the  use  of  the 
Lord- Warden  of  the  cinqueports,  &  was 
the  frequent  residence  of  the  late  Duke 
of  Wellington  in  that  ofBcia!  capacity. 

Walmeesley,  a  tnshp.  of  England,  co. 
Lancashire.     P.  4,880.  - 

Walnut,  several  tnshps.,  TJ.  S.,  Ohio. 

1.  CO.  Fairfield,  on  the  Ohio  canal. 

P.  2,096. II.  CO.  Holmes.     P.  1,099. 

III.  CO.  Pickaway,  on  the  Scioto.    P. 

1,798. 

Walpole,  two  townships,  U.  S. 1. 

Cheshire  co.,  N.  H.,  43  m.  W.S.W.  Con- 
cord. P.  2,015.  In  this  township,  the 
Connecticut  riv.  suddenly  contracts  from 
a  width  of  350  feet  to  16  feet,  forming 
Bellows  Falls. —  Walpole  island,  Pacific 
ocean,  is  E.  of  New  Caledoniii.  Lat.  22° 
40'  S.,  Ion.  169°  2'  E.— II.  t.,  Norfolk 
CO.  Mass.     P.  1,491. 

Walsall,  a  town  of  England,  co.  Staf- 
ford. P.  43,038.— Walsall  Foreign  is  a 
tnshp.,  comprising  that  part  of  the  pa. 
beyond  the  munic.  boundary.     P.  13,457. 

Walscheid,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Meurthe.  -P.  1,783. —  Walscheidt  is 
a  vill.  of  Rhenish  Prussia. 

Walsdbn,  a  tnshp.  of  England,  co. 
Xancaster.     P.  3,383. 

Walsham  (North),  a  market  town  of 
England,  co.  Norfolk.     P.  2,655. 

Walsingham  (Little  or  New),  a 
market  town  of  England,  co.  Norfolk. 


Walsrode.  a  town  of  Hanover,  on  the 
Bohme.     P.  2,061. 

Waltenberg  (Hung.  Zilah),  a  market 
town  of  Transylvania.     P.  8,450. 

Walterborough,  p-v.,  cap.  Colbtton 
dist.  S.  C. 

Waltersdorf,  several  vills.  of  Ger- 
many. 

Waltershausen,  a  town  of  Central 
Germany,  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.    P.  3,148. 

Waltham,  t.,  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  P. 
4,464. 

Waltham  Abbey,  or  Holy  Cross,  a 
market  town  of  England,  co.  Essex,  on 
the  Lea.     P.  4,lf7. 

Waltham  (Bishop's),  a  market  town 
of  England,  CO.  &  10  m.  E.N.E.  South- 
ampton.    P.  2,193. 

Waltier,  a  maritime  vill.  of  British 
India-,  presid.  Madras. 

AValton,  two  cos.  U.  S. 1.  Georgia, 

cap.  Monroe.     Area,    320  sq.  miles.     P. 

10,821. II.   in   W.   part  of   Florida. 

Area,  1,584   sq.  m.      V.  1,379. IIL 

p-t.,  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.     P.  1,846. 

Walvisch,  a  harbor  of  S.  Africa. 

Walworth,  a  co.  in  south  part  of  Wis- 
consin.   Area,  675  sq.  m.     P.  17,801. 

II. .a  township.  New  York,  Wayne  eo.,  18 
m.  N.AV.  Lyons.     P.  1,981. 

Wambrechies,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town 
of  France,  dep.  Nord.     P.  3,542. 

Wanas,  a  t.  of  Sweden,  Isen  Linkoping. 

Wandersleben,  a  market  town  of 
Prussian  Saxony.     P.  1.025. 

Wandipoor,  a  town  of  Bootan,  18  m. 
E.  Tassisudon,  on  an  isolated  rock. 

Wandiwash,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Madras. 

Wandre,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  4  miles 
E.N.E.  Liege.     P.  2,000. 

Wansbek,  a  market  town  of  Denmark, 
duchy  Holste-in,  on  the  Wands.  P.  4,200. 

Wandsworth,  a  large  vill.  of  Eng- 
land, co.  Surrey,  on  the  Wandel.  P.  7,614. 

Wanfried,  a  walled  town  of  Germany, 
on  the  Werra.     P.  2,0^5. 

Wanganui,  a  river  of  New  Zealand, 
N.  island,  enters  the  ocean  on  its  W. 
coast. 

Wangari,  Wangaruru,  &  Wanga- 
roa,  three  bays  of  New  Zealand,  on  the 
E.  coast  of  North  Island. 

Wangen,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on 

the  Ober-Argen.     P.  1,456. II.  a  town 

of  Switzerland,  on  the  Aar.     P.  1,710. 

Wangerin,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pom- 
erania.     P.  1,450. 

AVangeroog,  an  island  of  N.  Germany, 
in  the  N.  sea. 

Wankanber,  a  town  of  India,  Baro- 
da  dom. 


war] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


821 


Wanlogk-Head,  a  mining  vill.  of 
Scotland. 

Wansen,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
on  the  Ohlau.     P.  1,570. 

Wantage,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  Berks.  P.  3,650.  Here,  in  849,  Al- 
fred the  Great  was  born,  &  a  festival 
commemorating  the  lOOOth  year  since 
his  birth,  was  held  25th  October  1849. 

Wantage,  a  tnshp.  of  Sussex  co.,  New 
Jersey,  bordering  on  New  York  state. 
P.  3,908. 

Wantung  (North  &  South),  2  islets 
in  the  Canton  river,  China. 

Wantzenau  (La),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  B.  Rhin.     P.  2,343. 

Wanzleben,  a  walled  town  of  Pruss. 
Saxony.     P.  3,010. 

Wappelo,  p-v.,  cap.  Louisa  co.  Iowa. 

Wara,  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  state 
Bergoo. 

Warangol,  a  city  of  India,  Deccan. 

Wakasdin,  a  fortified  town  of  Aus- 
trian Croatia,  on  the  Drave.     P.  9,151. 

Warbehg,  a  seaport  town  of  S.  Sweden, 
on  the  Kattegat.     P.  1,691. 

Warburg,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian 
Westphalia,  on  the  Dieinel.     P.  3,500. 

Ward,  t.,  Randolph  co.  la.     P.  1  138. 

Wardoe,  an  island  off  the  B.  extrem- 
ity of  Finmark,  Norway. 

Ware,  a  market  town  of  England,  co., 
Hertford.     Area,  4,430  sq--  m.     P.  4,653. 

Ware,  a  co.  of  the  U.  S.,  in  S.  part  of 
Georgia,  cap.  Waresborough.  Area, 
3,440  sq.   m.     P.  3,888.    In  it  is  Oke- 

finoke   swamp,  280  m.  in  circ. II.  a 

township  of  Mass.,  Hampshire  co.,  on  the 
Ware,  22  miles  S.E.  Northampton.  P. 
1,890,  of  whom  1,500  are  in  the  village. 

Wareham,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Dorset,  betweep  the  Frome  &  Piddle.  P. 
2,746. 

Wareham,  a  township,  Plymouth  co. 
Mass.,  on  Buyyard  bay,  45  miles  S.S.E. 
Boston.  P.  2,002.  It  has  a  wharf  ac- 
cessible for  vessels  of  200  tons. 

Warem,  a  small  town  of  Belgium,  13 
m.  W.  Liege.     P.  1,500. 

AVaren,  a  town  of  N.  Germany,  on 
Lake  Miiritz.     P.  4,861. 
•  Warendorf,  a  town  of  Pruss.  West- 
phalia, reg.  &  16  m.  E.  Munster,  on  the 
Ems.     P.  4,250. 

Waresborough,  p-v.,  cap.  Ware  co. 
Georgia.  * 

Warhem,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep,  Nord.  -  P.  2,571. —  Warin  is  a  town 
of  N.  Germany,  on  a  small  lake,  12  m. 
S.E.  Wisraar.     P.  1,383. 

Wabkworth,  a  vill.  of  England,  co. 
Northumberl.,  on  the  Coquet.     P.  3,512. 


Warloy  Baillon,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Somme.     P.  2,092. 

Warmer  UNN,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Silesia, 
on  the  Zacken.     P.  2,506. 

Warminster,  a  market  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Wilts.     P.  6,211. 

WarnemIjnde,  a  seaport  town  of  N. 
Germany,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Warnow, 
in  the  Baltic.     P.  1,150. 

Warner,  t.,  Merrimac  co.  N.  H.  P. 
2,038. 

Warneton,  a  frontier  town  of  Bel- 
gium, ,on  the  Lys.     P.  5,983. 

Warning  (Mount),  New  S.  Wales, 
E.  Australia,  co.  Rous. 

Warnsfield,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands.    P.  1,900. 

Warren,    numerous    cos.,    U.   S.,    N. 

America: 1.  New  York,  in  its  N.B. 

part,  W.  Lake  George.  Area,  912  sq. 
m.,  mostly  a  mntnous.  wilderness.  Cap. 
Caldwell.  P.  17,199. II.  New  Jer- 
sey, bounded  W.  by  Delaware  river. 
Area,   350  sq.  m.      Cap.  Belvidere.     P. 

22,358. III.  in  N.W.  part  of  Penn., 

cap.  Warren.     Area,  832  sq.  m.     P.  13,- 

671. IV.  in  N.  part  of  Virginia,  on 

the  Shenandoah.     Area,  200  sq.  m.    Cap. 

Front   Royal.      P.  6,607. V.    in    N. 

part  of  N.  Carolina.     Area,   391  sq.  m. 

Cap.  Warrenton.     P.  13,912. VI.  iu 

E.  part    of    Georgia,    cap.    Warrenton. 

Area,  560  sq.  miles.     P.  12,425. VII. 

state  &  on  the  Mississippi,  watered  by 
the  Yazoo.  Area,  600  sq.  m.  P.  18,121. 
Cap.  Vicksburg. — ' — VIII.  near  the  cen- 
tre of  Tennessee.      Area,  960  sq.  miles. 

P.  10,179.     Cap.  McMinnville. IX.  in 

S.W.  part  of  Kentucky.  Area,  612  sq. 
m.      P.   15,123.      Cap.    Bowling  Green. 

X.  Ohio,  in  its  S.  part,  on  the  Miami 

river,  cap.  Lebanon.  Area,  400  sq.  m. 
P.  25,561.     Here  are  some  remarkable 

ancient  mounds. XI.  Indiana,  in  its 

W.  part,  watered  by  the  Wabash.  Area, 
350  sq.  miles     Cap.  Williamsport.      P. 

7,387. XII.    in  W.    part  of   Illinois. 

Area,  900  sq.  miles.     P.  8,176. XIII. 

state  &  bounded  by  the  Missouri.  Area, 
350  sq.  m.  P.  5,860.  Cap.  Warrenton. 
XIV.  CO.  Iowa.  P.  961.— Also,  nu- 
merous townships. 1.  Maine,  cap.  co. 

Lincoln,  on  St.  George  river,  27  m.  S.E. 

Augusta.     P.  2,228. II.  Mass.,  66  m. 

W.S.W.  Boston,  &   on  the  Worcester  & 

Springfield  railroad.      P.  1,290. III. 

Rhode  Island,  14  m.  S.E.  Providence,  on 
Narragansett  bay,  on  which  it  has  a 
good  harbur.     P.  2,437,  partly  engaged 

in  ship-building. IV.  New  York,  64 

m.  N.W.Albany.     P.  2,003. V.  New 

Jersey,  6  m.  N.E.  SomerviUe.    P.  1,601. 


822 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[war 


VI.  Penn.,  cap.  co.  Warren,  on  the 

Alleghany,  205  miles  N.W.  Harrisburg. 
P.  737.  The  bor.  is  regularly  laid  out, 
&  has  a  court-house,  jail,  academy,  &  co. 

offices. Vir.  Penn.,  17  m.  N.E.  Tow- 

anda.  P.  1,308. — -VIII.  Ohio,  cap.  co. 
Trumbull,  on  the  Mahoning  river  & 
Pennsylvania  &   Ohio  canal.      P.  1,996. 

IX.  CO.  Belmont,  containing  Barns- 

ville.     P.  2,408.- X.  co.  Jefferson.     P. 

1,94-5. XI.  CO.  Tuscarawas.     P.  1,173. 

XII.  Indiana,  co.  Marion.     P.  1,374. 

XIII.  CO.  Putnam.    P.  2,201.— There 

are  many  others  in  the  N.  states. —  War- 
reiisbwg  is  a  t ,  Warren  co.  N.  Y.,  at 
the  confl.  of  the  Schroon  with  the  Hud- 
son, 69  m.  jST.  Albany.     P.  1,874. II. 

p-v.,  cap.  Johnson  co.  Mo. 

Warrenpoint,  a  market  town  of  Irel., 
Ulster,  CO.  Down.     P.  1,540. 

Warrick,  S.W.  co.  la.  Area,  360  sq. 
m.,  cap.  Boomville.     P.  8,811. 

Warrington,  a  town  &  township  of 
Engl.,  CO.  Lancaster.  P.  36,165.  Prin- 
cipal edifice,  a  massive  church  of  Saxon 
origin.  The  Mersey  is  navigable  up  to 
the  bridge  for  vessels  of  100  tons  burden. 

• II.  p-v.,  cap.  Fauquier  co.  Va.     P. 

1,300. III.    p-v.,    cap.    Marshall  co. 

Ala. 

Warrior  Mark,  a  township,  Hunt- 
ingdon CO.  Penn.,  on  Bald  Eagle  creek, 
108  m.  .W.  Harrisburg.     P.  1,689. 

Warsaw,  cap.  of  the  kingdom  Poland, 
&  on  1.  b.  of  the  Vistula,  across  which  it 
communicates  by  a  bridge  of  boats  with 
its  fortified  suburb  Praga.  Lat.  of  ob- 
servatory, 52°  13'  5"  N„  Ion.  21-°  2'  9" 
E.  P.  154,078,  of  whom  35,000  were 
Jews.  Mean  temp,  of  year,  44°  .1  ; 
winter,  24°  .9;  summer,  63°  .2  Fahr. 
The  city,  surrounded  by  ramparts  & 
trenches,  &  several  suburbs,  has  a  fine 
appearance  from  the  N.  &  E.,  but  inter- 
nally it  presents  striking  contrasts  of 
magnificence  &  misery,  its  streets  being 
ill-paved  &  lighted,  &  its  stone  buildings 
interspersed  with  hovels  of  timber.  Prin- 
cipal edifices,  the  Zamek,  a  vast  palace 
of  the  former  kings  of  Poland ;  the  Saxon 
palace,  having  attached  to  it  fine  gar- 
dens open  to  the  public;  the  Casimir 
palace,  with  a  statue  of  Copernicus,  & 
many  colossal  churches.  Its  public 
places  abound  with  statues ;  the  principal 
of  these  are  the  bronze  statue  of  Sigis- 
mund  III.,  &  the  equestrian  group  of 
Poniatowski.  It  is  the  centre  of  indus- 
try, commerce,  &  literary  activity  of  the 
kingdom,  &  the  great  entrepot  of  com- 
merce in  Poland  ;  it  is  the  seat  of  the  na- 
tional bank,  &  has  large  fairs  in  May  & 


September,  frequented  by  merchants  of 
both  Europe  &  Asia.  It  communicates 
by  railway  S.W.  past  Czenstochau  with 
Cracow  &  the  Austrian  lines  of  railway. 
Warsaw  succeeded  Cracow  as  the  cap.  of 
Poland  in  1566.  In  1807,  it  was  made 
cap.  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Warsaw. 
Since  1815,  it  has  been  cap.  of  the  king- 
dom of  Poland,  a  dependency  of  Russia. 
In  1830,  the  Russians  were  driven  from 
it  by  the  Poles,  but  they  retook  it  in 
1831. 

Warsaw,  a  tnshp..  New  York,  cap. 
CO.  Wyoming,  near  Lake  Erie.  P.  2,624. 
— Also  numerous  viUs.  in  the  U.  S.,  N. 

America. 1,  p-v.,  cap.  Richmond  co. 

Va.-- II.  _  p-v.,    cap.   Gallatin  co.  Ky. 

III.  p-v.,  cap.  Kosciusko  co.  la. 

IV.  cap.  Benton  co.  Mo. 

Warstein,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, on  the  Weester.     P.  2,100. 

Warta,  a  river  of  Poland  &  Germany, 
its  basin  lying  between  those  of  the  Oder 
&  Vistula,  joins  the  Oder  at  Kustrin, 
after  a  course  of  450  m. 

Warta,    a    town   of    Poland,   on  the 

Warta.     P.    2,000. II.    a   town    of 

Prussian  Silesia,  on  the  Neisse.  P. 
1,110. 

Wartenburg,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia. 
P.  3,100.— Alt- Wartenburg  is  a  vill.  ad- 
jacent, on  the  W. II.  a  village,  Prus- 
sian Saxony.  Here,  in  1813,  Blueher 
defeated  the  French. —  Wartenfels  is  a 
mkt.  town  of  Bavaria. 

Warwick,  a  town  of  Engl.,  cap.  co., 
near  its  centre,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Avon.  It 
is  regularly  laid  out,  &  well  built.  At 
either  end  of  the  town  is  a  gateway,  the 
western  surmounted  by  a  beautiful  an- 
cient chapel.  P.  41,932.  Between  the 
town  &  river,  on  a  steep  acclivity  beside 
the  Avon,  is  Warwick  ^astle,  seat  of  the 
eaii  of  Warwick,  &  perhaps  the  most 
perfect  &  magnificent  feudal  fortress  in 
England,  still  used  as  a  residence.  It  is 
supposed  to  have  been  founded  by  Ethel- 
fleda,  daughter  of  king  Alfred,  has  some 
conspicuous  '  portions  named  Guy's  & 
Caesar's  towers,  contains  a  fine  collection 
of  pictures,  &  is  surrounded  on  both  sides 
of  the  river  by  grounds,  in  a  part  of 
which  is  kept  the  noble  Warwick  vase, 

found  in  a  lake  near  Tivoli. II.  co. 

E.  Va.     Area,  95  sq.  m.     Cap.  Warwick 

c.H.     P.  1,546. Ifl.  t.,  Franklin  co. 

Mass.  ■  P.  1,071. IV.  p-t..    Kent  co. 

R.  I.     Has  good  harbor.     P.  7,740. 

V.  t.,  Bucks  CO.  Pa.     P.  1,259. VI.  t., 

Lancaster  co.  Pa.     P.  3,725. 

Warwickshiee,  a  co.  in  the  centre  of 
England      Area,  897  sq.  m.     P.  479,979. 


was] 


UN'IVKRSAL    GAZETTEER. 


823 


Wash,  an  estuary  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Bngland,  between  the  cos.  Norfolk  & 
Lincoln,   20  miles  in  length  by  15  m.  in 

breadth. II.  (or  Gwash),  a  riv.  chiefly 

in  CO.  Rutland,  joins  the  Welland.  L.  ?3 
miles. 

Washington,  numerous  cos.  of  the 
U.  S. 1,  in  S.E,  part  of  Maine,  bor- 
dering New  Brunswick  &  the  Atlantic. 
Area,    3,500   sq.  m.     P.    38,810.      Cap. 

Machias. II.  Rhode  Island,  between 

Narragansett  bay  &the  Atlantic.  Area, 
367  sq.  m.  P.  16,430.  Cap.  North  King- 
ston.  III.  Vermont,  near  its  centre. 

Area,  425  sq.  m.'    P.  24,654.  'Cap.  Mont- 

pelier. ■  IV.    New   York,    bordering 

Hudson  river  &  lakes  George  &  Cham- 
plain.   Area,  807  sq.  m.    P.  44,750.    Cap. 

Sandy  Hill. V.  Pennsylvania,  in  its 

S.W.  part,  bounded  E.  by  the  Mononga- 
hela.     Area,    1,000  sq.   m.      P.    44,939. 

Cap.  Washington. VI.  Maryla^ud,  S. 

the  Potomac.  Area,  440  sq.  m:  P.  30,- 
848.  Cap.  Hagerstown. VII.  Vir- 
ginia, in  its  S.W.  part,  cap.  Abingdon. 
Area,  764  sq.  m.  P.  14,612.  Cap.  Abing- 
don.  VIII.  N.  Carolina,  bordering  the 

Roanoke  &  Albemarle  sound.    Area,  360 

sq.  in.     P.   5,066.     Cap.  Plymouth. 

IX.  Georgia,  drained  by  the  Ogeechee  & 
Oconee.  Area,  760  sq.  m.  P.  11,766. 
Cap.  Sandersville. X.  Florida,  border- 
ing the  gulf  of  Mexico.'    Area,  1,500  sq. 

m.     P.  1,950.     Cap.  Roche's   Bluff. 

XI.  Alabama,  in  its  S.W.  part,  bounded 
E.  by  the  Tombigbee.     Area,  840  sq.  m. 

P.  2,713.     Cap.  Barryton. XII.  state 

&  bordering  the  Mississippi,  cap.  Prince- 
ton.    Area,  2,420  sq.m.     P.  8,389.    Cap. 

Princeton. XIII.  Tennessee,  in  its  E. 

part.     Area,  590  sq.  m.     P.  13,861:  Cap. 

Jonesboro'. XIV.  Kentucky,  near  its 

centre.  Area,  475  sq.  m.  P.  12,194. 
Cap.  Springfield. XV.  state  &  border- 
ing the  Ohio.  Area,  713  sq.  ra.  P.  29,- 
540.  Cap.  Marietta.— —XVI.  Indiana, 
in  its  S.  part.     Area,  540  sq.  m.     P.  17,- 

040.   Ca.p.  Salem. XVII.  Illinois,  S  E. 

Kaskaskia  river.  Area,  656  sq.  m.  P. 
6,953.  Cap.  Nashville. XVIII.  Wis- 
consin, bordered  on  the  AV.  by  Lake  Mi- 
chigan.   Cap.  Washington.    Area,  675  sq. 

miles.     P.   19,484. XIX.  Iowa,  cap. 

Washington.     Area,  648  sq.   miles.     P. 

4,957. XX.  Missouri,  in  its  S.E.  part, 

cap.  Potosi.  Area,  820  sq.  m.  Here  is 
a   mountain  of  magnetic  iron   ore.     P. 

8,811. XXI.  Arkansas,    S.  the  Ozark 

mntns.     Area,  900  sq.  m.     P.  9,970. 

XXII.  CO.  Texas.    P.  5,983. XXIII. 

CO.  Oregon.      P.    2,651. XXIV.   c6.- 

Minnesota.     P.  1,056. XXV.  a  pa.  in 


B.  part  of  Louisiana.    Area,  792  sq.  m. 
P.  4,348.     Cap.  Franklinton. 

Washington,  the  cap.  city  of  U.  S.,  N. 
America,  in  the  federal  dist.  of  Colum- 
bia, on  the  Potomac,  at  the  influx  of  the 
Anacostia,  each  here  crossed  by  a  bridge, 
35  m.  S.W.  Baltimore.  Lat.  of  Capitol, 
33°  53'  34"  N.,  Ion.  77°  1'  30"  W.  P. 
40,000.  It  is  laid  out  with  perfect  regu- 
larity, &  on  an  extensive  plan,  but  only 
some  of  its  streets  &  avenues  are  com- 
pleted. Public  edifices  are  amongst  the 
most  splendid  in  the  Union.  The  capitol, 
or  the  seat  of  the  U.  States'  legislature, 
on  a  hill  75  feet  above  the  Potomac,  is  of 
freestone,  with  a  front  352  feet  in  length, 
a  noble  portico  with  22  Corinthian  col- 
umns", &  several  domes  ;  it  contains  the 
chambers  of  the  Senate  &  the  House  of 
Representatives,  the  Congress  library,  & 
supreme  court  of  the  U.  S. ;  is  surrounded 
by  grounds  covering  22  acres,  &  was 
erected  at  a  cost  of  nearly  $2,600,000. 
It  is  decorated  internally  with  works  of 
art.  A  new  wing  is  now  being  added  to 
it.  About  1^  m.  to  t}ie  N.W.  is  the  house 
of  the  President,  an  elegant  edifice  -also 
on  a  height,  &  near  which  are  four  large 
structures  for  the  chief  departments  of 
the  general  government.  The  "  Nation- 
al Institution  for  the  promotion  of  Sci- 
ence," organized  in  1840,  has  incorpora- 
ted with  it  the  Columbian  Institute  & 
Historical  Society,  &  is  governed  by  12 
directors,  6  appointed  by  the  government. 
Other  institutions  are  the  Columbian  & 
medical  colleges,  the  Union  literary  so- 
ciety, &  the  city  library.  Washington 
has  manufs.  of  metallic  goods  &  glass,  & 
a  retail  business  ;  but  George-town,  on 
Rock  creek,  adjacent,  &  Alexandria  lower 
down  the  Potomac,  absorb  most  of  the 
foreign  trade.  It  became  the  seat  of 
the  federal  government  in  1800.  Mount 
Vernon,  the  residence  &  burial  place 
of  General  Washington,  after  whom 
the  city  was  named,  is  about  15  miles 
distant. — Mt.  Washington,  the  princi- 
pal peak  of  the  White  mountains  in  New 
Hampshire,  is  6,620  feet  in  elevation. 
Washington,  numerous  townships  & 

vills.  of  the  U.  S.,  the  principal  being. 

I.  Maine,  31  m.  E.  Augusta.  P.  1,600. 
II.  New  Hampshire,  28  m.  W.  Con- 
cord.    P.  1,103. IIL  Vermont,  15  m. 

S.E.  Montpelier.  P.  1,359. IV.  Con- 
necticut, 47  miles  W.S.W.  Hartford.     P. 

1,622. V.  New  York,  10  miles  N.E. 

Poughkeepsie.       P.  2,833. VI.  New 

Jersey,  co.  Bergen,  on  the  Hackensack. 

P.  1,833. VII.  New  Jersey,  22  m.  S- 

Woo^ury.      P.    1,630. VIII.   New 


824 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[wAT 


Jersey,  12  miles  Woodbury.  P.  1,545. 
IX.  New  Jersey,  18  m.  W.  Morris- 
town.  P.  2,451.  It  has  mineral  springs, 
resorted  to  by  visitors. X.  Pennsyl- 
vania, cap.  CO.,  on  the  National  Road,  26 
m.  S.W.  Pittsburg.  P.  2,062.  It  is  the 
seat  of  Washington  college,  founded  in 

1787. XI.  Pennsylvania,  11  m.  S.W. 

Chambersburg.  P.  2.404. XII.  Penn- 
sylvania, CO.  Erie.     P.   1,551. XIII. 

Pennsylvania,  16  m.  N.  Greensburg.  P. 
2,004. XIV.  Pennsylvania,  co.  Indi- 
ana. P.  1,893.  XV.  N.  Carolina,  cap. 
CO.  Beaufort,  on  the  Tar.  near  its  month 
in  Pamlico  Sound,  30  m.  N.  Newberne. 
P.  1,200.  It  has  an  active  shipping  & 
export  trade.  Burden  of  vessels  6,615  58 
tons. XVI.  Mississippi,  6  m.  E.  Nat- 
chez.    It  is  the  seat  of  Jefferson  college, 

founded    in    1802. XVII.    Ohio,    co. 

Clermont,  on  the  Ohio.     P.  2,100.     In  it 

are  the  vs.  Neville  &  Moscow. ^XVIII. 

Ohio,  CO.  Holmes,  with  the  vill.  Nash- 
ville. P.  1,461. XIX.  Ohio,  CO.  Mont- 
gomery.  P.  2,210. XX.  0.,  CO.  Shelby. 

P.    1,688. XXI.   Ohio,  co.   Richland, 

immediately  S.  Mansfield.    P.  1,914. 

XXII.  Indiana,  co.  Marion.  P.  1,859. 
— ■ — XXIII.   Indiana,   co.  Putnam.      P. 

1,872. XXIV.   Indiana,  cap.   co.     P. 

1,992. XXV.  Michigan,   20  m.  N.E. 

Detroit.  P.  1,304.  XXVI.  Missouri, 
•^o.  Monroe.  P.  1,367. —  Washingtonville 
is  the  name  of  towrrships  in  states  New 
York,  Pennsylvania,  &  Ohio. 

Washita,  a  river,  Arkansas  &  Louisi- 
ana, rises  by  numerous  heads,  flovjs  S. 
&i  joins  Red  river.     Total  course  400  m. 

II.  pa.   lia.,  N.E.  part  of  the  state. 

Area,  2,090  sq.  m.     Cap.  Monroe. 

Washtinow,  S.E.  CO.  Mich.  Ai-ea, 
720  sq.  m.     Cap.  Ann  Arbor.    P.  28,561. 

Waspik,  a  vill.  &  pa.  of  the  Nether- 
lands, prov.  N.  Brabant.     P.  2,418. 

Wasselonne,  a  cornm.  &  town  of 
Pranco,  dep.  Bas  Rhin,  on  the  Mussig. 
P.  4,427. 

Wasserbukg,  a  town  of  Upper  Bava- 
ria, cap.  on  tlie  Inn.     P.  2,238. 

WAssERTRiJDiNGEN  a  walled  town  of 
Bavaria,  on  the  Wernitz.    P.  2,017. 

Wassingy,  a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Aisne, 
cap.  cant.     P.  1,155. 

Wassotah,  a  strong  hill-fort  of  South 
India,  20  m.  W.  Sattarah. 

Wastwater,  a  lake  of  England,  co. 
Cumberland. 

Watango,  r.,  affl.  of  the  Tenn. II. 

'  CO.  N.  C.     P.  3,400. 

Wateeo,  one  of  the  Harvey  isls.,  Pa- 
cific ocean.     L.  8  m.,  br.  5  m.       ^ 

Watekborough,  a  township,  "TOrk  co. 


Maine,  on  the  Little-Ossipee,  25  m.  N.  T. 
P.  1,944. 

Waterbury,  t..  New  Haven  co.  Conn. 
Exten?ive  manufs.  of  buttons,  pins,  &c. 

P.  5,137. II.  t.,  Washington  co.  Vt. 

P.  1,992. 

Waterre,   r.,  N.   C.    &    S.  C,  unitea 
with  the  Congaxee  to  form  the  Santee. 

Waterford,  a  marit.  co.  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  on  its  S.  coast.     Area,  721  sq. 

m.      P.   135,836. II.  a  city  &  co.  & 

seaport  of  Ireland,  cap.  co.,  on  rt.  bank 
of  the  Suir,  which  forms  its  harbor,  &  is 
lined  by  a  fine  quay  about  1  m.  in  length, 
&  crossed  by  a  wooden  bridge  of  39 
arches.  P.  29,288,  of  whom  26,667  are  in 
the  city.  It  has  some  -handsome,  but 
many  miserable  streets  ;  its  quay  &  har- 
bor are  the  finest  in  Ireland.  Vessels 
of  800  tons  can  load  &  unload  at  the  quay, 
&  Waterford  is  the  entrepot  for  a  large 
extent  of  country,  the  exports  of  which 
are  valued  at  2  millions  sterling  annually. 

III.  several  townships,  tj.  S. 1. 

New  York,  10  m.  N.  Albany,  on  the  Hud- 
son, at  the  head  of  sloop-navigation,  & 
Junction  of  Mohawk,  &  on  the  Champlain 
canal,  &  Troy  &  Saratoga  railroad.  P. 
1,824.  The  vill.,  with  1,400  inhabs.,  has 
several  churches,  factories,  academies,  & 

canal  shipping. II.  Maine,  47  m.  W. 

Augusta,      p.   1,381. III.  Vermont, 

49  m.  E.N.E.  Montpelier.     P.  1,338. 

IV.  Connecticut,  on  the-Thames  &  Long 
Island  Sound,  36  m.  S.E.  Hartford.    P. 

2,329. V.  New  Jersey,  12  miles  W. 

Woodbury.     P.  3,467. VI.   Pennsyl- 
vania, CO.  &  13  m.  S.E.  Erie.     P.  1,144. 
Waterland,  a  dist.  of  the  Netherl'ds, 
prov.  N.  Holland. 

Waterloo,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  prov.  S. 
Brabant,    famous   for   the   great   battle 

fought  near  it  18th  June,  1815. -11.  a 

township,  N.  Y.,  Seneca  co.,  on  Seneca 
river,  the  Seneca  &  Cayuga  canal,  &  Au- 
burn &  Rochester  railroad,  9  m.  E.N.E. 
Geneva.     P.  3,795,  of  whom  2,963  are  in 

the  village. III.  a  town  or  tnshp.  of 

W.  Australia,  co.  Wellington. 

Watertown,  several  townships,  U.  S. 

1.   Mass.',   on   Charles   river,    hence 

navigable  7  miles  W.  Boston.  P.  1.810. 
Here  is  a  United  States  arsenal  occupy- 
ing 40  acres. II.  N.  Y.,  cap.  co.  Jef- 
ferson, on  Black  river,  across  which  cov- 
ered bridges  connect  it  with  Williamstown 
&  Juhelville,  16  m.  E.  Sackett's  harbor, 
Lake  Ontario.  P.  7,201.  The  vill.  has 
5,000  inhabitants,  a  court-house,  jail, 
state  arsenal,  Black  River  institute  with 
180  students,  a  literary  association  <fc  li- 
brary, various  factories,  &o.     The  river 


wee] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


825 


has  here  several  falls, HI.  Ohio    14 

m.  N.W.  Marietta.     P.  1,127.  ' 

Waterville,  a  township,  Kennebec 
CO.  Me.,  on  the  Kennebec,  here  crossed 
o-n<f  ^™'S^'  iS  iii'les  N.  Augusta.  P. 
3,964.     It  has  a  Baptist  college,  &  many 

mills  &  factories. II.  a  vill.,  N.  Y    90 

m.  W.N.W.  Albany'.     P.  1,000.  ' 

Watehvliet,  p-t.,  Albany  co.  N  Y 
has  a  U.  S.  arsenal.     P.  16,675.  ' 

Watford,  a  market  town  of  England 
CO.  Herts.  *        ' 

Watkinsvillb,  p-v.,  cap.  Clarke  co 
Ga. 

"Watling-Street,  a  famous  Roman 
highway  extending  across  S.  Britain,  in 
a  direction  from  S.E.  to  N.W.  It  is  sup- 
posed to  have  been  named,  in  honor  of  I 
Vitellius,  the  Via  (or  Strata)  Vitellina,  • 
of  which  the  modern  name  is  a  Saxon 
corruption.  It  is  in  parts  still  an  impor- 
tant highway. 

Watling's  Island,  one  of  the  Baha- 
mas, British  W.  Indies.     L.  18  m. 
-   Watlington,  a  market  town  of  Eno-- 
land,  CO.  Oxford.     P.  1,835.  ° 

Watson,    p-t.,    Lewis   co-.  N.  Y      P 
1,138.  " 

Watten,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Nord,  on  the  Aa.     P.  1,106. 

Wattenscheid,   a  town   of  Prussian 
Westphalia.     P.  1,150. 

Wattignies,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France 

dep.  Nord,  3  m.  S.W.  Lille.     P.  2,183. 

Watton,  a  market  town  of  England 

.    CO.  Norfolk.     P.  1,188.  ■ 

Wattrelos,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 

dep.  Nord,  9  m.  N.E.  Lille.     P.  8,736. 

Wattwilleh,  a  comm.  &  village  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Rhin.     P.  1.854. 

Wattwvl,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
St.  Gall. 

Waukesha,  co.  Mich.     P.  19,174. 
AVaukekauri,  the  largest  of  the  Chat- 
ham Islands,  Pacific  ocean,  E.  N.  Zea- 
land. 

Waveney,  a  river  of  England,  joins 
the  expansion  of  the  Yare.  4  miles  S.W. 
Yarmouth,  after  a  cour.^e  of  50  m.  It  is 
navigable  in  the  latter  half 

Wavbe,  a  town  of  Belgium,,  on  the 
Dyle.  P.  5,241.  Here  the  French,  un- 
der Grouchy,  engaged  the  Prussians, 
18th  June,  1815. 

Wavein,  a  coram    &  vill.  of  J'rance 
dep.  Nord.     P.  2,780. 

Wawarsing,  a  tnshp  ,  N.  Y.,  Ulster 
CO.,  22  m.  S.W.  Kingston.     P,  4,044. 

Wawrenczyce,  a  market  tovvn  of  Po- 
land. 18  m.  E.N.E.  Cracow.     P.  2,000. 

Waxway,  an  isl.  of  the  Asiatio  archi- 
pelago, off  E.  coast  of  Celebes, 

35* 


Way  (Pulo-),  an  island,  gulf  of  Siam. 
Waygiou,  an  island  of  the  Eastern  ar- 
chipelago,   off  the    N.W.    e.\tremity   of 
Papua.    L.,  E.  to  W.,  about  80  m.,  br. 
I  25  m. 

I       Wayne,  several  cos.,  U.  S. 1,  in  N 

j  part  of  N.  Y.     Area  572  sq.  m.     P.  44,1 

j  953.     Cap.  Lyons. II.  in  N.E.  of  Pa. 

I  Area  648  sq.  m.    P.  21,890.    Cap.  Hones- 

,  dale. III.  in  S.E.  of  N.  C.     Area  720 

I  sq.  m.    P.  13,486.    Cap.  Waynesboro'. 

'  IV.  in  S.E.  of  Ga.     Area  900  sq.  m.     P 

'  1,479.     Cap.  Wayne  ch. V.  in  E.  of 

;  Miss.     Area  790  sq.  m.     P.  2,892.     Cap. 

'  Winchester. VI.  in  S.  of  Tenn.     Area 

i  304  sq.  m.    P.  8,170.    Cap.  Waynesboro' 

I  VII.  in  S.E.  of  Ky.    Area  570  sq.  m. 

I  P.  8,692.     Cap.  Monticello. VIII.  in 

N.E.  of  Ohio.     Area  660  sq.  m.     P.  32,- 

981.     Cap.  Wooster. IX.  in  S.E.  of 

Mich.    Area  600  sq.  m.    P.  42,756.    Cap. 

Detroit. X.  in  E.  of  Ind.     Area  420 

sq.  m;     P.  25,320.    Cap.  Centreville. 

XI.  in  S.E.  of  111.     Area  720  sq.  m.     P. 

6,825.      Cap.  Fairfield. XIL  in  S.E. 

of  Mo.     Area  1,200  sq.  miles.     P.  4,518. 

Cap.  Greenville. XIII.  co.  Iowa.'    P. 

340. — Also  several  townships. 1.  Me., 

15  miles  W.  Augusta.     P.  1,201 Ij' 

N.  Y.,  198  m.  S.W.  Albany.    P.  1,377 '- 

III.  Wiffin  CO.  Pa.     P.  1,350, IV.  0. 

Belmont  eo,     P.  1.873. V.  do.,  But- 
ler CO.     P.    1,426. VI.   do.   Jefferson 

CO.     P.   1,746. VII.  do.  Warred   co. 

P.  3,392. VIII.  do.  Tuscarawas   co. 

P.    2,142. IX.    Ind.,    Allan   co.      P. 

2,080.— j—X.  do.  Henry  eo.   P.  1.768. 

XI.  do.-Wayne  co.    P.  2,412. 

Wazemmes,  a  comi§.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Nord.     P.  10,483. 

Weakly,  N.W.  co.  Tenn.     Area,  680 
sq.  m.     P.  14,608.     Cap.  Dresden. 

Wear,  a  river  of  England. II.  t., 

Hillsboro'  co.  N.  H.     P. 

Weathersfield,  town,  Vt.,  on  Black 

river,  60  m.  S.  Montpelier.     P.  2,081. 

II.  Ohio,  7  m.  S.E.  Warren.     P.  1,447. 
Weaver,  a  river,  England,  co.  Chester. 
Webster,  t.,  Worcester  co.  Mass.     P. 

1,403. II.  t,,  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.     P. 

2,446. 

AYbchselburg,  a  town  of  Saxony.     P. 
1,192. 

Weddingen,  three  contiguous  vills.  of 
Prussian  Saxony. 

Wedel,   a  vill.  of    Denmark,   duchy 
Holstein,  on  the  Elbe.     P.  1,800. 

Wedge  Island,  S.Australia,  Spencer's 
gulf. 

Wednesbury,  a  market  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Stafford. 
Weedon-Beck,  a  pa.  of  England,  co. 


826 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[wet. 


Northampton.  Here  is  the  central  depot 
in  England  for  military  arms  &  stores, 
with  spacious  barracks.  Weedon  was  the 
royal  residence  of  Wulfhere,  king  of 
Mercia. 

Weener,  a  vill.  of  Hanover,  landr.  & 
21  m.  S.S.W.  Aurich,  cap.  dist.,  on  the 
Ems.     P.  2,600. 

Weerdt,  a  town  of  Dutch  Limbourg, 
cap.  cant.     P.  6,285. 

Weerb  &  Webhselo,  two  towns  of  the 
Netherlands.  P.  1,500. —  Weesp  is  a  town 
of  N.  Holland,  8  m.  S.E.  Amsterdam.  P. 
2,945. 

Wbfehlingen,  a  vill.  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony.    P.  1,935. 

Wegeleben,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony.     P.  2,470. 

Weggis,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant.  & 
on  the  lake  of  Lucerne. 

Wegrow,  a  town  of  Poland.     P.  3,380. 

Wegstadt,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  rt. 
b.  of  the  Elbe.     P.  1,042. 

Wehlau,  a  walled  town  of  E,  Prussia. 
P.  3,530. 

Wbhr,  a  market  town  of  Baden,  on  the 
Wehr.     P.  1,517. 

Wehrau,  a  vill.  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on 
the  Queiss.     P.  590. 

"Weheeim,  a  market  town  of  Germany, 
Nassau.     P.  1,429. 

Weichsel,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Silesia. 
P.  2,600. 

AYeichelsburg,  a  town  of  Illyria,  Car- 
niola.  P.  4,000. —  Weichselmunde  is  a 
fortress  of  W.  Prussia,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  W.  arm  of  the  Vistula. 

Weida,  a  town  of  Central  Germany, 
Saxe-Weimar.     *.  3,765. 

AVeiden,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    P.  2,280. 

II.  a  market  town  of  W.  Hungary, 

CO.  AVieselburg. 

Weidenau,  a  walled  town  of  Austrian 
Silesia.'   P.  1,802. 

Weidenberg,  a  market  town  of  Bava- 
ria, on  the  Steinach.     P.  1,384. 

Weighton  (Market),  a  market  town 
of  England,  co.  York,  E.  Riding.  P. 
2,269. 

Wbikbrsheim,  a  town  of  AVurtemberg, 
circ.  Jaxt,  on  the  Tauber.     P.  2,000. 

AVbil  (die  Stadt),  a  town  of  AViirtem- 
berg,  circ.  Neckar,  on  the  AVurm.  P. 
1,775. — —II.  {im  Schonbuch),  a  vill.,  circ. 
Neckar.  P.  2,2M.—  Weilar  is  a  vill.  of 
Cent.  Germany,  Saxe-AA''eimar.    P.  1,125. 

AVeilburg,  a  town  of  Germany,  Nas- 
Bau,  on  the  Lahn.     P.  2,081. 

AVeile,  a  seaport  town  of  Denmark,  on 
the  E.  coast  of  Jutland.  P.  2,700.— The 
Weile-Jiord  is  an  inlet  N.AV.  the  island 
Fiihnen,  15  m.  in  length  E. 


AVeilheim,  a  walled  town  of  Upper 
Bavaria,  on  the  Amper.     P.  1,910. 

AVeilheim  (an-dbr-Teck),  a  town  of 
S.  Germany,  AVurtemberg,  on  the  Lin- 
dach,  26  m.'  N.AV.  Ulm.  P.  3,450  —  Weil- 
munster,  is  a  vill.  of  Nassau,  on  the  AVeil- 
bach.     P.  1,124.  *^9^ 

AVeimar,  the  cap.  city  of  the  grand  ^^ 
duchy  Saxe-AVeimar,  Central  Germany, 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Ilm.  P.  11,144.  It  "is 
surrounded  by  hills,  &  is  handsomely 
though  irregularity  built,  &  no  city  in 
Germany  of  its  size  has  so  many  good 
public  buildings  &  excellent  public  estab- 
lishments, or  is  a  more  agi-eeable  place 
of  residence.  The  grand  ducal  library 
comprises  140,000  vols.  MSS.,  medals  & 
coins,  &  is  open  to  the  public,  who  have 
the  privilege  of  borrowing  the  books.  The 
opera  house  is  famous  ;  the  theatre  was 
once  under  the  superintendence  of  Goethe 
&  Schiller,  who  are  buried  in  the  new  ceme 
tery.  Kotzebue  was  born  here  in  1761. 
— The  circ.  AVeimar,  comprising  more 
than  2-3ds  of  the  grand  duchy,  has  an 
area  of  973  sq.  m.     P.  175,596. 

AVeinfelden,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland, 
on  the  Thur.     P.  2,140. 

AVeingarten,  a  village  of  Baden.  P. 
3,097. 

AVbinheim,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the 
AVeschnitz.     P.  5,346. 

AVeinsberg,  a  town  of  AVurtemberg, 
on  the  Sulm.     P.  1,875. 

AVeipert,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  &  24  m. 
N.E.  Elnbogen.     P.  2,600. 

AVeissenburg,  a  fortified  town  of  Ba- 
varia. P.  4,194. II.  a  township,  Le- 
high CO.  Penn.,  on  Jordan  creek,  72  m. 
S.E.  Harrisburg.     P.  1,427. 

AVeissbnfels,  a  walled  town  of  Prus- 
sian   Saxony,  on   1.  b.  of  the  Saale.     P. 

8,290.     It  is  well  built. II.  a  market 

town  of  Carniola. —  Welssenhorn  is  at. 
of  Bavaria  on  the  Roth.     P.  1,605. 

AVei;ssbnsbe,  a  town  of  Pruss.  Saxony. 
P.  2,634. 

AVeissenstadt,  a  wall  town  of  Bava-  , 

ria,  on  the  Eger.     P.  1,46.8. 

Weissenstein,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov. 

Esthonia.     P.  3,000. II.  a  town  of 

AViirtemberg,  23  m.  N.N.AV.  Ulm. 

AVeisskirchbn,   several  towns  of  the 

Austrian  dom. 1.   Hungarian  Banat, 

on  the  Nera.     P.  5,585. -11.  Moravia, 

22.  m.  E.S.E.  Olmlitz.  P.  5,380.— }F"ews- 
7nain  is  a  walled  town  of  Bavaria.  P. 
1,014. 

AVbisswasser,  two  market  towns  of 
the  Austrian  dom. — —1.  Bohemia,  on 
the  Bila.  P.  1,624. II.  Austrian  Si- 
lesia.    P.  494. 


<     ' 


WEO] 


tINIViSRSAL    GAZKTTEER. 


82* 


Wei-tchou,  a  city  of  Cbina,  140  m.  S. 
Nan-kiag. 

Weitra,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria.  P. 
1,800. 

Wild,  t.,  Franklin  co.  Me.    P.  1,045. 

Welland,  a  river  of  England,  enters 
the  Wash,  after  recceiving  the  Glen.  To- 
tal course  70  m. 

Wblland  (or  Chippeway),  a  river  of 
Upper  Canada,  dist.  Niagara,  flows  E.  & 
joins  the  Niagara  shortly  above  its  Falls, 
after  a  course  of  60  m.,  in  course  of  which 
it  forms  a  part  of  the  Welland  canal. — 
The  Welland  canal,  35  m.  long,  connects 
the  lakes  Erie  &  Ontario,  avoiding  the 
falls  of  the  Niagara  river. 

Welle,  an  island  of  the  Pacific  ocean, 
S.E.  Papua. 

Wellen,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Belgian- 
Limbourg.     P.  2,044. 

Wellesley,  a  co.  of  New  S.  Wales. — 
Wellesley  islands  are  a  group  in  the  gulf 
of  Carpentaria,  N.  Australia.  Morning- 
tnn  isl.,  the  most  N.  &  largest,  is  40  m.  in 
length  by  15  m.  in  breadth. 

W,ELLESLEY  PROVINCE,  British  terri- 
tory of  the  Malay  peninsula,. 

Wellfleet,  a  township,  Barnstable 
co'.  Mass.,  on  Cape  Cod,  65  m.  S.E.  Bos- 
ton.    P.  2,377.     It  has  a  good  harbor. 

Wellinborough,  a  market  town  of 
England.     P.  5,061. 

Wellington,  a  market  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Salop.  P.  20,760.  The  town,  near  the 
ancient  Watling  st.,  is  well  built,  &  has  an 

elegant  church. II.  a  mkt.  town  of 

Engl.,  CO.  Somerset.  P.  22,084.  This  t.  suc- 
cessively gave  the  titles  of  viscount,  earl, 
marquis,  &  duke,  to  Arthur  Wellesley  ; 
&  on  a  lofty  hill,  3  m.  S.,  is  an  obelisk 
120  feet  in  height,  commemorating  his 

victory  at  Waterloo. III.  a  co.  of  New 

S.  Wales,  E.  Australia.  Area,  1,656  sq. 
m.  P.  2,000.(7) IV.  a  co.  of  W.  Aus- 
tralia, having  E.  the  co.  Wicklow.  Prin- 
cipal townships,  Waterloo,  Picton,  Bun- 
bury,  &  Australiud. V.  a  pa.  of  Tas- 
mania.— (Island),  S.  Amer.,  off  the  W. 
coast  of  Patagonia.  L.  170  m.,  br.  35 
m. — (Lake),  Victoria,  S.E.  Australia.  L. 
20  m.,  br.  6  m. — (Mount),  Tasmania,  co. 
Buckingham. —  (Station),  S.  Australia, 
near  the  head  of  Lake  Victoria. 

Wells,  a  city  of  England,  co.  Somer- 
set, 19  m.  S  W.  Bath.  P.  21,341.  The 
town  is  small  but  handsome,  from  its  nu- 
merous ecclesiastical  buildings. II.  a 

seaport   town  of  England,  co.  Norfolk. 
.    P.  3,504. 

^       Wells,  t.,  Maine,  with  a  harbor  on  the 

'    Atlantic,  30  miles  S.S.W.  Portland.    P. 

2,978. II.  Vermont,  83  m.  S.W.  Mont- 


pelier.    P.  740. III.  state  &  on  the 

Ohio,    CO.   Jefferson.      P.    1,492. IV. 

N.E.  CO.  Indiana.     Area,  372  sq.  m.    P. 
6,152. 

Wellsburg,  a  vill.,  Brooke  co.  Vir- 
ginia, on  the  Ohio,  15  m.  N.E.  Wheeling. 
P.  2,000.  Bituminous  coal  is  found  here 
in  vast  quantities. —  Wellsville  is  a  vill., 
state  Ohio,  on  the  Ohio,  at  the  influx  of 
Little  Yellow  creek,  with  759  inhabitants, 
&,  steam-packet  communication  with 
Pittsburg  &  Wheeling. 

Wels,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  Haus- 
ruck.     P.  4,300. 

Welshpool,  a  town  &  township  of  N. 
Wales,  of  which  it  is  regarded  as  the  cap., 
CO.  Montgomery. 

Welten,  a  vill.  of  Dutch  Limburg. 
P.  3,304. 

Welzheim,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
on  the  Leine.     P.  1,674. 

Wem,  a  mkt.  town  of  England,  eo.  Sa- 
lop.    P-  4,119. 

Wemding,  a  town  of  Bavaria.  P. 
2,171. 

Wendel  (St.),  a  town  of  Hhenish 
Prussia,  with  2,600  inhabs. 

Wend  OVER,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  Bucks.  P.  1,877.  Hampden,  in  five 
successive  parliaments,  represented  the 
bor.,  which  was  disfranchised  by  the  Re- 
form Act. 

Wener  (Lake),  a  lake  of  Sweden,  & 
the  largest  in  Europe  after  those  of  La- 
doga &  Onega.  Length  94  m. ;  breadth 
15  to  50  m.  near  its  centre.  Estimated 
area,  2,120  sq.  m. — The  leen  Wenersborg 
has  an  area  of  5,025  sq.  m.  P.  218,618. 
—  Wenersborg,  the  cap.,<»at  the  S.W.  ex- 
tremity of  Lake  Wener,  has  been  regu- 
larl)"-  laid  out  since  its  destruction  by  fire 
in  1S34,  &  is  the  seat  of  the  principal 
government  establishments  for  the  prov. 
P.  2,950. 

AVenham  Lake,  a  small  lake  of  the 
U.  S.,  Mass.,  in  a  lofty  position,  near 
Boston,  embosomed  by  hills,  about  200 
feet  deep,  &  fed  solely  by  subterraneous 
springs.  It  is  celeb,  for  the  great  purity 
of  its  ice,  about  200,000  tons  of  which  are 
obtained  annually. 

Wenlock,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
Salop. 

Wensley,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
York,  N.Riding.    'P.  1,969. 

Wensum,  a  river  of  England,  co.  Nor- 
folk.    L.  45  m. 

Wen-tchou,  a  marit.  city  of  China. 
Wentworth,   t.,  Grafton  co.    N.  H. 
P.  1,119. 

Weobley,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.    Hereford.     P.  907.     It  has    a   free 


828 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY, 


[wES 


grammar  school,  &  remains  of  a  castle 
famous  in  the  wars  of  Stephen  &  the  em- 
press Matilda. 

Weprit,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Pol- 
tava.   P.  1,800. 

"Werben,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony. 
P.  1,790.— Werbach  is  a  vill.  of  Baden, 
on  the  Tauber.     P.  1,157. 

Werdau,  a  town  of  Saxony.     P.  6,218. 

Werden,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
on  the  Ruhr.     P.  4,300. 

Werl,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia. 
P.  3,600. 

Wermsdorf,  a  vill.  of  Saxony.  P. 
1,609. 

Wehne,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westpha- 
lia, on  rt.  b.  of  the  Lippe.     P.  1,850. 

Werneth,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
Chester.     P   3,904. 

Wernigerode,  a  walled  town  of  Pruss. 
Saxony,  on  the  Holzemme.     P.  5,600. 

Wernitz,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  after  a 
S.  course  of  miles,  joins  the  Danube. — 
Wernstadtd  is  a  town  of  Bohemia.  P. 
1,453. 

Werra,  a  river  of  Central  Germany, 
joins  the  Fulda  to  form  the  Weser.  Total 
course,  150  m.,  for  120  of  which  itis  nav- 
igable.— The  Werre,  after  N.  &  E.  course 
of  35  m.,  joins  the  Weser. 

Werribee,  a  river  of  the  British  col- 
ony of  Victoria,  Australia,  flows  S.E.for 
50  m.,  &  enters  Port  Phillip. 

Wertach,  a  river  of  Bavaria.,  flows 
N.E.,  &  after  a  course  of  70  m.,  joins  the 
Lech. 

Wertheim,  a  walled  t&wn  of  BaHen. 
P.  3,434. 

Weether,  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia.    P.  1,915. 

Wertingen,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  aire. 
Swabia,  on  the  Zusam.     P.  1,590. 

Wesel,  a  town  of  Pihenish  Prussia,  on 
r.  b.  of  the  Rhine.     P.  11,860. 

Wesenberg,  a  town  of  Meckl'enburg- 

Strelitz,  on  Lake  Woblitz.    P.  1,370. 

II.  a  town  of  Russia,  gov.  Esthonia.  P. 
1,500. 

Weser,  a  river  of  Germany,  its  basin 
lying  between  that  of  the  Elbe  on  the  E. 
&  those  of  the  Ems,  Rhine,  &  Main,  W. 

6  S.  It  is  formed  by  the  union  of  the 
Fulda  &  Werra,  joins  the  N.  sea  in  con- 
junction with  the  Jahde,  by  an  estuary 
24  miles  across  at  its  entrance.  Total 
course  250  m.  It  is  navigable  for  boats 
nearly  to  its  source,  for  vessels  drawing 

7  feet  water  to  Bremen. 

Wessel  Islands,  a  group  off  N.  Aus- 
tralia, N.AV.  of  the  gulf  of  Carpentaria. 

Wesseli,  a  town  of  Moravia,  on  an 
isl.  formed  by  the  March.    P.  2,543. 


Wessem,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
on  the  Maese.     P.  1,050. 

West,  for  names  with  this  prefix  not 
here,  see  the  additional  word. 

West,  two  tnshps.,  U.  S. 1.  Ohio, 

on  the  Sandy  &  Beaver  canal.     P.  1,915. 

■ II.  Penn.,  8  m.,N.  Huntingdon".     P. 

1,629. — It  is  also  a  prefixed  name  of  the 

following  places  : 1.   (Bethlehem),    a 

tnshp.,  Penn.,  12  m.  S.E.  Washington- 
borough.     P.  1,743. II.  {Bloomfield), 

New  Yoik,  CO.  Ontario,  198  m.  W.  Albany. 

P.  1,698. III.  a  vill.,  New  Jersey,  56 

miles  N.B.  Trenton.     P.  1,800. IV.  a 

tnshp.,  Michigan,  32  miles  N.W.  Detroit. 

P.  938. V.  (Bradford),  Pennsylvania, 

on  Brandywine  river,  11m.  S.W.  Ches- 
ter.     P.    1,562. VI.   (Bridgeioater), 

Massachusetts,  25  m.  S.  Boston.  P.  1,201. 
VII.  (Brook),  Maine,  on  the  Pen- 
obscot river,  52  m.  S.S.W.  Augusta.  P. 
4,116.  The  Cumberland  &  Oxford  canal 
passes  through  this  township,  which  con- 
tains the  villages  Saoarappa  &   Stroud- 

water. VIII.  (Buffalo),  Penn  ,  8  m. 

N.W.   New  Berlin.      P;    1,460. IX. 

(Cambridge).  Massachusetts,  6  m.  N.W. 

Boston.      P.  1,363. X.  (Chester),  26 

m.  W.  Philadelphia. XI.  {Cocalico), 

Penn.,  CO.  Lancaster.     P.  1,229. XII. 

(Deer),  co.  Alleghany.  16  m.  N.E.  Pitts- 
burg.   P.  1,414. XIII.  (Donegal),  co. 

&,  17  m.  N.W.  Lancaster.     P.  2,510. 

XIV.  (Earl),  co.  &  13  m.  N.W.  Lancas- 
ter.    P.  1,723. XV:  (Falloiefield),  co. 

Chester,  on  Octara  creek,  37  m.  W.  Phil- 
adelphia.    P.  1,717. XVI.  (Farms), 

a  vill.,  state  &  1 1  m.  N.E.  New  York.  P. 
1,200.— X-VII.  (Findlayl,  a  township, 

Penn.,   co.   Washington.     P.   1,187'. 

XVIII.   (Greenwich),  Rhode  Island,    18 

m.  S.W.  Providence.    P.  1,415. XIX. 

(Hempjield),  Penn.,  on  the  Susquehanna, 

8   m.   W.  Lancaster.     P.  1,913. XX. 

(Manchester),   co.  York,  &  containing  a 

part  of  York  borough.    P.  1,262. XXI. 

(Marlborough),  33  m.  S."^.  Philadelphia. 
P.  1,043. XXII.  (Milford),  New  Jer- 
sey, 100  m.  N.N.E.  Trenton.  P.  2,108. 
XXIII.  (Nantmeal),  Penn.,  co.  Ches- 
ter, on  an  affi.  of  the  Brandywine,  34  m. 

N.W.  Philadelphia.   P.  1,731. XXIV. 

(Newbury),  Massachusetts,   on  the  Mer- 

rimac,  34"  m.  N.E.  Boston.    P.  1,560. 

XXV.  (Penn),  Penn.,  79  m.  N.E.  Harris- 
burg.     P.  1,362. XXVL   (Pennsbo- 

rough),. on  the  Conedogwinit,  8  miles  W. 

Carlisle.  P.  1,867. XXVII.  (RockhUl), 

CO.  Bucks,   33  m.   N.N.W.  Philadelphia. 

P.  1,631. XXVIII.  (Salem),  co.  &  17 

m.  N.W.  Mercer.     P.  2,528. XXIX. 

(Stockhridge),  a  vill.,  Massachusetts,  on 


WEs] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


829 


the  Williams,  138  miles  W.  Boston.  P. 
1,000.  The  Boston  &  Albany  railway  are 
joined  here    by  the  Housatonic   &   the 

Hudson  &  Berlishire  railroads. XXX. 

(Turin),  a  tnshp.,  New  York,  on  Black 
river,  at  its  high  falls,   126  miles  N.W. 

Albany.    P.  2,042. XXXI.  {Vincent), 

Pennsylvania,  30  m.  N.W.  Philadelphia. 

P.  L232. ^XXXri.  {Whiteland),  co. 

Chester,  72  m.  from  Harrisburg.   P.  1,085. 

XXXIII.  [Windsor),  New  Jersey, 

CO.  Mercer.     P.  1,536. 

Westall  (Point),  S.  Australia,  Eyre- 
land. 

Westborough,  t.,  Worcester  co.  Miss. 
P.  1,6j8. 

Westbrook,  t.,  Middlesex  co.  Conn. 
P.  1,200. 

Westbury,  a  town  &  tnshp.  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Wilts,  on  the  N.W.  side  of  Salis- 
bury plain. 

Westchester,  a  S.E.  CO.  N.Y.  Area, 
470  sq.m.  Cap.  White  Plains.  P.  58,263. 
II.  a  tnshp.  in  this  co.,  on  Westches- 
ter  creek,  near  New  York.     P.  2,492. 

III.  a  borough,  Penn.,  73  m.  E.S.E. 

Harrisburg.     P.  2,152. 

Westeras,  a  town  of  Sweden,  at  the 
influx  of  the  Svart-Elf  into  Lake  Maelar, 
60  m.  W.N.W.  Stockholm.  P.  3,345.  It 
has  also  extensive  ship-building  docks,  & 
is  an  entrepot  for  iron,  copper,  brass, 
vitriol,  &c.,  sent  to  Stockholm.  It  has  an 
important  annual  fair  on  16th  September. 
— The  laen,  or  prov.  of  Westeras  has  an 
area  of  2,655  sq.  m.     P.  92,494. 

Westerburg,  a  village  of  Germany, 
Nassau.     P.  1,367. 

Westerham,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  Kent,  on  the  Darent.  P.  2,162.  The 
town  has  a  handsome  church,  in  which  is 
a  monument  to  General  Wolfe,  who  was 
born  here,  &  whose  victory  at  Quebec  is 
commemorated  by  a  pillar  in  this  pa. 

Westerhausen,  &  Westerheim,  two 
vills.  of  Germany. 

Westerloo,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  on  the 
Great  Nethe.  P.  2,300. II.  t.,  Al- 
bany CO.  N.T.    P.  2,860. 

Westerly,  a  marit.  tnshp.,  Washing- 
ton CO.  Rhode  Island,  on  the  Atlantic  & 
Pawcatuok  river,  &  on  the  Providence  & 
Stonington  railroad,  42  m.  S.S.W.  Prov- 
idence. P.  2,500. —  Western  in  a  tnshp.. 
New  York,  18  m.  N.W.  Utica.     P.  3,488. 

Western  Australia,  a  British  colony, 
occupying  the  S.W.  angle  of  Australia. 
Length  of  settled  dist.  about  300  miles, 
breadth  150  m.  P.  (1849)  4,622,  nearly 
2-3ds  of  whom  are  males  ;  native  p. 
about  1,500.  Three  parallel  mountain 
ranges  traverse  the  co.  from  S.  to  N. 


From  this  point  to  Shark  bay  a  band  of 
coal  runs  for  about  600  m.  Sheep  rear- 
ing has  not  been  successful,  but  horses  & 
cattle  thrive  well.  Chief  ports,  Guilford, 
Australind,  Rockingham,  York  &  Au- 
gusta. 

Western-Port,  an  inlet  of  the  S. 
coast  of  Australia,  Victoria.  L.  &  br. 
about  20  m.  each. 

AVestehvik,  a  town  of  S.  Sweden,  75 
m.  N.  Kalmar.     P.  3,025. 

Westerwald,  a  hill-chain  of  W.  Ger- 
many.    L.  70  m. 

AVest  Farms,  t.,  Westminster  co. 
N.  Y.     P.  4,436. 

Westfield,  several  tnshps.,  U.  S. 

I.  Mass.,  on  Westfield^  riv.,  &  Hampden 
CO.  the  Hampshire   &   Hampden  canal, 

100  m.  W.S.W.' Boston.    P.  3,526. II. 

New  York,  on  Staten  Island,  between 
New  York  bay  &  Staten  Island  sound. 

P.  2,326. III.   (or  Portland),    New 

York,  CO.  Chautauque,  on  Lake  Erie,  53 

m.  S.W.  Buffalo. IV.  New  Jersey,  45 

m.  N.E.  Trenton.    P.  3,150. V.  Ohio, 

28  m.   N.  Columbus.     P.  1,019. VL 

CO.  Medina.     P.  1,030. 

Westford,  several   tnshps.,  U.S. 

I.  Vermont,  13  m.  N.E.  Burlington.     P. 

1,352. II.  Massachusetts,  8  m.  W.S.W. 

Lowell.  P.  1,436.  It  has  extensive  quar- 
ries   of  "  Chelmsford   granite." III. 

New  York,  57  m.  ^Y.  Albany.  P.  1,478. 
—  West  Fork  is  a  tnshp.,  Arkansas,  co. 
Washington.     P.  418. 

Westgate,  a  tnshp.  of  England,  co. 
Northumberland.     P.  10,489. 

Westhofen,  two  market  towns  of'  W. 

Germany. II.  Prussian  Westphalia, 

on  the  Ruhr.     P.  1,025. 

Westhofen,  a  coram.  &  vill.of  France, 
dep.  B.  Rhin.     P.' 2,104. 

West  Indies,  Antillia  or  Antilles,  an 
archipelago  Of  islands  which  extend  from 
the  gulf  of  Florida  to  the  gulf  of  Paria, 
between  lat.  10°  &  28°  N.,  &  Ion.  59°  & 
85°  W.,  bounded  on  N.  &  E.  by  the  At- 
lantic, &  on  the  S.  by  the  Caribbean  sea, 
wliich  separates  them  from  the  N.  coast 
of  S.  America.  The  S.E.  group  contain- 
ing the  largest  islands,  or  Greater  An- 
tilles, as  Cuba,  St.  Domingo,  Jamaica,  & 
Porto  Rico.  The  other  group,  or  Lesser 
Antilles,  stretching  from  N.  to  S.,  con- 
sists of  Guadaloupe,  Martinique,  Barba- 
does,  Trinidad,  &c.  The  Bahamas  form 
a  third  group. 

The  Lesser  Antilles,  from  Porto  Rico 
to  the  gulf  of  Paria,  are  by  some  writers 
called  the  windward  isls.,  &  the  smaller 
group  along  the  coast  of  Venezuela,  the 
leeward  islands ;    but  in  British  charts 


830 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


WE» 


the  windward  islands  comprise  those 
between  lat.  10°  &  15°  N.,  the  leeward 
those  between  lat.  15°  &  19°  N.  Total 
area  of  the  archipelago,  according  to 
Schomburgk,  86,548  sq.m.  P.  3,399,683. 
The  Lesser  Antilles  are  of  volcanic  origin. 
Climate  of  the  whole  tropical,  but  modi- 
fied by  the  surrounding  ocean  &  the  ele- 
vated land  of  many  of  the  isls.  Sugar, 
coffee,  cotton,  dye-woods  &  spices,  are 
the  chief  products  &  exports.  Columbus 
landed  on  St.  Salvador,  Bahama  group, 
in  October  1492 ;  &  the  archipelago,  under 
the  erroneous  impression,  at  the  time  of 
discovery,  that  it  formed  part  of  Asia, 
was  called  the  West  Indies. 

West-Kapellen,  a  market  town  of 

Belgium.     P.  1,500. II.   a  maritime 

town  of  the  Netherlands.     P.  1,892. 

West-Linton,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co. 
Cumberland,  pa.  Kirk-Linton,  4  m.  S.E. 
Longtown.    P.  567 . 

Westmanna,  a  group  of  islands  off 
the  S.  coast  of  Iceland. 

Westmeath,  an  inland  co.  of  Irel., 
Leinster.  Area,  708  sq.m.  P.  107,510. 
Westminster  (City  &  Liberty  of), 
England,  co.  Middlesex,  is  the  W.  part 
of  the  British  metropolis.  Its  different 
parts  present  a  great  contrast.  In  the 
vicinity  of  its  Abbey  is  one  of  the  worst 
parts  of  the  metropolis,  but  in  the  other 
parts  of  Westminster  are  the  finest  quar- 
ters of  the  capital ;  the  principal  gov- 
ernment ofiices  &I  by  far  the  larger  num- 
ber of  the  town  residences  of  the  nobility. 
Principal  structures,  Westminster  abbey 
&  hall,  the  new  &  magnificent  houses  of 
parliament,  privy  council  oflice,  treasury, 
&  board  of  trade,  in  Whitehall;  St. 
James,  Buckingham,  &  Kensington  pa- 
laces ;  Somerset  house,  with-king's  col- 
lege ;  Westminster,  St.  George's  &  Cha- 
ring-cross  hospitals. 

Westminster,    two  townships,  U.  S. 

1.  Vermont,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Conn.,  82 

m.  S.  Montpelier.  P.  1,556.  The  viU. 
is  connected  by  a  bridge  with  Walpole, 

New  Hampshire. II.  Mass.,  43  miles 

W.N:W.  Boston.     P.  1,645. 

Westmoreland,  a  co.  of  England,  in 
its  N.  part.  Area,  763  sq.  m.  P.  58,380. 
— —II.  a  CO.  of  New  South  Wales,  E. 

Australia.     Area,  1,592  sq.  m. III.  a 

CO.  of  Tasmania  (Van  Diemen's  Land), 
comprising  the  S.  part  of  what  were  for- 
merly Norfolk  plains. 

Westmoreland,  two  cos.,  U.  S. 1. 

Penn.,  in  its  S.W.  part,  bordering  the 
Alleghany.     Area,    1,050  sq.  miles.      P. 

51,726.  Cap.Greensb'rg. -II.  Virginia, 

between  the   Potomac  \  Rappahannock 


rivers.  Area,  316  sq.m.  P.  8,080.  Cap. 
Westmoreland  c.  h. — Also  two  tnships. 
• 1.  New  Hampshire,  47  m.  S.W.  Con- 
cord. P.  1,546. — —II.  New  York,  co. 
Oneida,  103  m.  W.N.W.  Albany.   P.  3,105. 

Westoe,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
Durham.     P.  13,990. 

Weston,  sevl.  townships  of  the  U.  S. 

1.   Conn.,    63  m.  S.W.  Hartford.     P. 

2,652.— II.  Vermont,  70  m.S.W.  Mont- 
pelier.    P.  1,032 III.   Mass.,    14  m. 

W.  Boston.     P.  1,092. 

Weston-super-Mare,  a  marit.  town 
of  England,  co,  Somerset.     P.  2,103. 

Westphalia,  a  prov.  of  Prussia,  com- 
prising the  N.W.  portion  of  its  territory, 
W.  of  the  Wescr,  S.  of  Hanover,  E.  of 
the  Netherlands,  &  N.  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, cap.  Munster.  Area,  7,819  sq.  m. 
P..»445,719.  Principal  towns,  Munster, 
Minden,  Arnsberg,  Paderborn,  &  Hamm. 

West  Point,  a  fortified  place,  45  m. 
N.  New  York,  co.  Orange,  on  rt.  b.  of  the 
Hudson.  Here  is  a  U.S.  military  acad., 
occupying  250  acres  of  land,  &  having 
barracks  for  250  cadets  ;  buildings  for 
military  exercises,  museums  &  halls,  an 
observatory,  chapel,  &  hospital. 

Westport,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland, 
Connaught,  co.  Mayo,  on  a  rivulet,  near 
its  mouth  in  Clew  "bay.  P.  4,365.  It  is 
one  of  the  neatest  towns  in  Ireland. — 
Westport  quay,  its  port,  1  m.  W.,  &  with 
547  inhabs. 

Westport,   sevl.  townships,  U.  S. 

I.  Mass.,  on  the  Atlantic,  57  m.  S.  Boston. 
P.  2,820,   partly  employed  in  whaling. 

II.  Conn.,  on  Long  Island  sound,  64 

m.  S.W:    Hartford. III.  New  York, 

near  Lake  Champlain,  108  m.  N.  Albany. 
P.  1,932. 

West  Providence,  a  township,  Penn., 
CO.  Bedford.     P.  1,643. 

Westray,  one  of  the  Orkney  islands, 
Scotland. 

West  Springfield,  a  tnshp.,  Hamp- 
den CO.  Mass.,  on  the  Conn,  river,  here 
crossed  by  a  handsome  bridge,  &  on  the 
Boston  &  Albany  railway,  78  m.  W.  Bos- 
ton.    P.  3,626. 

Wethersfield,  sevl.  townships,  U.  S. 

1.  Hartford  co.  Conn.,  on  W.  bank  of 

the  Connecticut  river,  5  m.  S.  Hartford. 
P.  2,523.  The  village  has  -an  academy, 
several  churches,  &   a  state  prison. 

II.  New  York,  co.  Wyoming,  in  W.  of  the 
state.  P,  1,489. III.  Ohio,  cd.  Trum- 
bull, on  the  Ohio  &  Pennsylvania  canal. 
P.  1,447. 

Wetherby,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  York,  W.  Riding.     P.  1,433. 

Wetta.  an  island,  Malay  archipelago, 


■WHi] 


CNIVKRSAL    GAZETTEER. 


831 


30  m.  N.  Timor.     Length,  N.B.  to  S.W., 
60  m.,  breadth  30  miles. 

Wetter,  a  river  of  Germany,  after  a 
S.W.  &  S.  course  of  35  miles,  joins  the 

Nidda. II.  a  town  of  H.-Cassel,  on  an 

affl.  of  the  Ohm.     P.  1,400. 

Wetter  (Lake),  a  lake  of  Sweden, 
.between  lat.  57°  50'  &  58°  55'  N..  &  Ion. 
14°  &  15°  E.,  25  m.  S.E.  Lake  Wener. 
Length,  80  m.,  av.  br.  10  miles. 

Wetteren,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town  of 
Belgium,  on  the  Scheldt.     P.  8,302. 

Wetterhorn  ("  peak  of  tempests"), 
one  of  the  Alpine  mntns.  of  the  Bernese 
Oberland,  Switzerland.  Height,  12,162 
feet. 

Wettin,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
on  the  Saale.     P.  3,300. 

Wettolsheim,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Rhin.     P.  1,392. 

Wetumpka,  a  city,  Montgomery  co. 
Alabama,  110  m.  S.E.  Tuscaloosa;  It  is 
greatly  resorted  to  for  its  mineral  springs. 
P.  3,016. 

Wetzel,  go.,  W.  Va.     P.  4,284. 
Wetzlar,  a  walled  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  42  miles  E.IST.E.  Coblenz,  on  the 
Lahn.     P.  4,856. 

Wevelghem,  a  coram.  &  vill.  of  Bel- 
gium. P.  3,709. —  Wevelinghofen  is  a 
vill.  of  Rhenish  Prussia.     P.  1,810. 

Wexford,  a  marit.  co.  of  Ire!.,  in  S. 
part  of  Leinster,  having  E.  &  S.  the 
Irish  sea  &  St.  George's  channel.     Area, 

900  sq.  m.     P.  180,170. IL  a  seaport 

town  of  Ireland,  cap.  above  co.,  on  rt.  b. 
of  the  Slaney,  where  it  expands  into 
Wexford  harb.,  64  m.  S.W.  Dublin.  P. 
12,252.  Much  of  the  town  consists  of 
narrow,  crooked,  &  dirty  lanes ;  but  the" 
quay,  &,  one  or  two  other  streets,  are 
lined  by  good  houses.  Here  are  some 
remains  of  anc.  walls,  of  an  abbey,  & 
other  ecclesiastical  edifices  ;  &  outside  of 
the  town  is  a  fine  granite  column,  in 
memory  of  the  exploits  in  Egypt  by  the 
army  under  Abercrombie. 

Wexio,  a  town  of  Sweden,  on  Lake 
Sadre.  P.  2,200.  It  has  a  fine  cathe- 
dral, a  'college,  with  a  library  of  15,000 
vols.,  &  cabinets  of  medals. — The  prov. 
of  Wexio  has  an  area  of  3,651  sq.  m.  P. 
121,454. 

Wey,  a  river  of  England,  joins  the 
Thames  2  miles  S.E.   Chertsey,  after  a 

course  of  40  m. II.  a  riv.,  co.  Dorset, 

after  a  S.E.  course,  enters  the  English 
channel. 

Weyersheim,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  B.  Thin.     P.  2,125. 

Weymouth,  a  seaport  of  England,  co. 
Dorset.     Weymouth  is  old  &  indifferently 


built;  Melcombe,  on  a  low  peninsula  be- 
tween the  sea  &  a  wide  shallow  back- 
water, formed  by  the  Wey,  is  more  re- 
gularly laid  out  &  better  built.  P.  22,- 
551.  The  harbor  has  about  14  feet  of 
water  at  high  tides ;  small  vessels  only 
can  lie  close  to  the  quays,  but  there  is 
good  anchorage  in  the  bay  in  7  or  8  fa- 
thoms water. II.  two  tnshps. III. 

Norfolk  CO.  Mass.,  12  m.  S.S.E.  Boston, 
on  branches  of  Boston  harbor,  navigable 

for  large  vessels.     P.  5,369. IV.  New 

Jersey,  Atlantic  co.  P.  1,158. —  Wey- 
mouth Caps,  N.B.  Australia,  is  in  lat. 
12°  37'  30"  S.,  Ion.  143°  27'  5"  E. 
Height  360  ft. 

Weyre,  a  fortified  town  of  Hindostan, 
dom.  &  25  m.  S.W.  Bhurtpoor. 
Wezikon,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland. 
Whalsay,  one  of  the  Shetland  isls., 
Scotland. 

Wharton,  a  tnshp.  of  Engl.,  co.  Ches- 
ter.    P.  1,400. 

Wharton,  a  township,  Fayette  co. 
Penn.,  11  m.  S.E.  Union  town.     P.  1,325. 

II.  CO.,  Texas.     P.  \,lb2.—  Whateley 

is  a  township  of  Massachusetts,  9  m.  N. 
Northampton.     P.  1,072. 

Wheeling,  a  city  or  town  &  river-port 
of  the  U.  S.,  N.  Amer.,  state  Virginia,  & 
cap.  CO.  Ohio,  on  the  Ohio,  at  the  bead 
of  steam  navigation,  &  at  the  influx  of 
Wheeling  creek,  50  m.  S.W.  Pittsburg. 
P.  11,391.  It  extends  for  IJ  m.  along 
the  river,  backed  by  steep  hills,  &  has  a 
court-house,  jail,  academy,  theatre, 
many  churches,  a  masonic  hall,  the 
Wheeling  institute,  several  iron  found- 
ries &  steam-engine  factories,  glass 
works,  woollen  &  cotton  factories,  paper 
&  saw  mills,  &  manufs.  of  white  lead. 
It  is  connected  by  a  bridge  with  Lane's 
island  in  the  Ohio,  on  which  it  has  a 
suburb.     Coal  is  abundant  in  the  vicinity. 

II.  a  township,  Ohio,  co.  Belmont. 

P.  1,389. 

Wheelton,  a  township  of  Engl.,  co. 
Lancaster.     P.  1,331. 

Whidbey  Island,  British  N.  Amer., 
Oregon  territory. 

Whiddy  Island,  Ireland,  Munster, 
CO.  Cork.     P.  450. 

Whitby,  a  seaport  town  &  township 
of  Engl.,  CO.  Yorii,  N.  Riding,  on  the 
Esk.  The  older  parts  of  the  town  have 
narrow  streets  along  the  river  banks ; 
the  newer  parts  extend  up  steep  acclivi- 
ties, that  on  the  B.  crowned  by  the  church, 
&  the  remains  of  an  abbey,  founded  in 
the  7th  century.     P.  21,895. 

Whitchurch,  two  market  towns  of 
England. 1,  co.  Hants,  on  the  Test 


832 


CYCLOPJSDIA    OF    GK0GI5APHY. 


[WHI 


»>»©«*■ 


P.  1,741.  The  town  small  &  irregularly 
built.  Inhabs.  partlj^  engaged  in  a  silk 
manuf.,  &  a  mill  for  the  fabrication  of 
most  of  the  bank-note  paper  used  by  the 

bank    of   England. II.  cos.  Salop  & 

Chester.     P.  6,373. 

White,  sevaral  cos.  U.  S. 1.  Ten- 
nessee, ia  its  centre  ;  cap.  Sparta.     Area, 

672  sq.  m.      P.    11,444. 11.   in  N.W. 

part  of  Indiana,  cap.  Monticello.     Area, 

530  sq.  m.     P.  4,761. III.  Illinois,  in 

its  S.E.  part,  bounded  E.  by  the  Wabash. 
Area,  480  sq.  m.     P.  8,925.     Cap.  Cor- 

mi. -IV.  in  N.E.  of  Arkansas.     Area, 

1,000  sq.  m.  P.  2,460.  Cap.  Scarey.— 
A  prefixed  name  of  the  following  town- 
ships, U.  S. 1.  (W.  Creek),  Washing- 
ton, N.  Y.,  in  a  fertile  agricultural  tract, 

P.   2,995. II.   (Deer),    Pennsylvania, 

CO.  Union,  with  the  vjU.  New  Columbia. 
P.  1,252. III.  (Eyes),  Ohio,  co.  Co- 
shocton.    P.  997. 

Whitbfield,    townships,    TJ.   S. 1. 

Maine,  14  m.  N.  Wiscasset.  P.  2,150. 
II.  New  Hampshire,  9  miles  S.  Lan- 
caster.     P.  751. III.   Pennsylvania, 

CO.  Indiana.     P.  1,664. 

WpiTEGATE,  a 'large  fishing  vill.  of 
Ireland,  Munster,  co.  Cork,  on  Cork  har- 
bor, Queenstown.  P.  1,129.  Carlisle 
l)ort  is  in  its  vicinity. 

Whitehall,  a  tnshp.,  New  York, 
Washington  co.,  at  the  head  of  Lake 
■Champlain,  21  miles  N.  Sandy  hill.  P. 
4,726.  It  has  consid.  shipi^ing,  with 
steam  navig.  on  lake,  &  by  canal  to 
Troy. 

Whitehaven,  a  seaport  town  &  town- 
ship of  England,  co.  Cumberland,  on  the 
Irish' sea.  The  town,  on  a  creek  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Poebeck,  is  surrounded  by 
heights  which  approach  close  to  the 
buildings ;  the  streets  are  spacious  &  re- 
gularly laid  out.  P.  35,613.  The  har- 
bor is  formed  bj'  two  piers,  on  each  of 
which  is  a  light- house,  &  from  it  are  ex- 
ported great  quantities  of  coal,  raised 
from  the  deepest  known  coal-mines, 
which  extend  a  long  way  under  the  town 

&  beneath  the  sea. II.  a  harbor  of 

Nova  Scotia,  British  N.  America,  12  m. 
W.S.W.  Cape  Canso. 

White  Island,  off  New  Zealand,  N. 
island,  in  the  bay  of  Plenty. 

Whiteley,  a  township,  Pennsylvania, 
CO.  Greene,  on  an  affl.  of  the  Mononga- 
hela.     P.  2,043. 

White  Marsh,  a  township,  Mont- 
gomery CO.  Penn.,  11, m.  N.W.  Philadel- 
phia. P.  2,079. —  White  Plains,  a  town- 
ship, state  &  near  New  York,  semi-cap. 
ca.  Westchester.    P.  1,087. 


White  Mountains,  a  range  in  the 
N.E.  part  of  New  Hampshire,  about  20 
m.  in  length,  by  from  8  to  10  m.  in  br. 
Mount  Washington,  the  loftiest  peak,  30 
m.  N.  Lake  Winniplseogee,  hit.  44°  10' 
N.,  Ion.  71°  15'  W.,  rises  to  6,620  feet 
above  the  sea ;  &  several  other  peaks 
are  above  5,000  ft.  in  height. 

White    Kiver,  several  rivers,    U.  S. 

1.  Arkansas,  after  a  S.  course  joins 

the  Mississippi   above  the  influx  of  the 

Arkansas.     L.    500   m. II.    Indiana, 

formed  by  the  confl.  of  B.  &  W.  forks, 
joins  the  Wabash,  22  m.  S.W.  Vincennes. 
It  is  navig.  for  steam-boats  as  high  as 
Indianapolis,  about  180  ui.  from  the  Wa- 
bash.  III.  Vermont,  joins  the  Con- 
necticut, after  a  S.E.  course  of  60  m. — 
White  river  is  a  township,  Indiana,  co. 
Randolph.     P.  2,227. 

White  Sea,  a  vast  gulf  of  Arctic  0., 
lat.  68^  10'  N.,  Ion.  39°  47'  E. ;  &  Cape 
Kannin,  lat.  68°  39'  2"  N.,  Ion.  43°  32' 
5"  E..  It  extends  S.  &  S.W.  into  European 
Russia,  between  Lapland  &  Archangel, 
380  m. ;  breadth  30  to  150  m.  Area  es- 
timated at  45,000  sq.  m. 

Whitesides,  a  co.  in  N.W.  part  of  Il- 
linois, cap.  Lyndon.  Area,  770  sq.  m. 
P.  5,1361. 

Whitestown,  a  township.  New  York, 
semi-cap.  eo.  Oneida,  on  the  Mohawk 
river,  96  m.  W.N.W.  Albany.  P.  6,810. 
It  has  a  college  with  several  profes- 
sors. 

White  Sulphur  Springs,  a  viil.  &  spa 
in  the  W.  part  of  Virginia,  with  good  ac- 
commodation of  1,500  visitors,  &  saline 
chalybeate  spring.^,  temp  60°  Eahr., 
which  are  anhiially  resorted  to  by  about 
6,000  persons. 

Whitewater,  a  township,  Ohio,  on 
the  Whitewater,  co.  Hamilton.  P.  1,883. 
—  Whitfield  is  a  township,  Penn.,  co.  In- 
diana.    P.  1,664. 

Whithorn,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co. 
Wigtown.  ,P.  2,230.— The  Isle  of  Whit- 
horn is  about  2  m.  N.N.E.  Burrow-head. 
Whitingham,  a  tnshp.,  Windham  co. 
Vermont,  141  m.  S.W.  Montpelier.  P. 
1,391. 

Whitley,  two  cos.,  U.  S.^ — I.  in  S.E. 
part  of  Kentucky,  on  Cumberland  river, 
cap.  Williamsburg.     Area,  600  sq.  miles. 

P.  7,447. II.  in.N.E.  part  of  Indiana, 

cap.   Columbia      Area,    324  sq.  m.     P. 
5,190. 

Whitpaine,  a  township,  Penn.  co. 
Montgomery.     P.  1,224. 

Whitstable,  a  marit.  vill  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Kent,  at  the  entrance  of  the 
Swale  into  the  estuary  of  the  Thames 


wie] 


UNIVKKSAL    GAZETTEER. 


833 


P.  2,255.  The  town  &  harbor  are  pro- 
tected by  substantial  embankments  from 
land-floods  &  incursions  of  the  sea.  From 
an  insignificant  fishing-place,  it  is  rapidly 
rising  into  some  importance  through  the 
repute  of  its  oyster-beds  &  its  vicinity  to 
Canterbury,  of  which  it  may  be  regarded 
as  the  port.      ^ 

Whittle,  several  tnshps.  of  England. 

1.  CO.  Derby.     P.  2,287. II.  {Le- 

Woods),  a  township,  co.  Lancaster.  P. 
2,295. — Others  are  in  the  same  co.  &  in 
Northumberland. 

"Whittlesey,  a  vilL,  formerly  a  mkt. 
town  of  Engl.,  co.  Cambridge,  Isle  of 
Ely.     P.  6,874. 

Whydah,  a  country  of  Africa,  forming 
a  prov.  of  Dahomy,  on  the  slave  coast 
of  Guinea,  bordering  the  gulf  of  (jruinea, 

in  lat.  6°  30'  N.,  Ion.  2°  to  20  30'  E. 

II.  a  town,  xin  the  shore.  It  has  Portu- 
guese, French,  &  English  quarters,  &  a 
superior  market. —  Whyhoo  is  a  large 
town  on  the  route  inland  to  Abomey, 
about  50  m.  N.N.W.  Whydah. 

WiBORG,  a  seaport  town  of  Finland, 
on  a  deep  inlet  in  the  gulf  of  Finland. 
P.  3,500.  It  consists  of  the  town-proper, 
&  the  St.  Petersburg  &  Wiborg  suburbs. 
The  citadel  is  built  on  the  site  of  the 
original  town,  founded  by  the  Swedes  in 

1293. II.  a  town  of  Denmark,  on  the 

small  lake  of  Wiborg.     P.  5,500. 

WicHELEN,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Bel- 
gium.    P.  3,965. 

Wick,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  cap. 
CO.  Caithnesss,  on  its  E.  coast,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Wick.  P!  6,722.  Two 
good  harbors  have  been  formed  ;  Wick 
having  been  for  upwards  of  half  a  cen- 
tury the  head-quarters  of  the  herring - 
fishery  of  Scotland. 

WicKFORD,  a  village  of  Rhode  Island, 
with  a  good  harb.,  on  the  W.  side  of  Nar- 
ragansett  bay,  20  m.-  S.  Providence.  P. 
700. 

AVicKLOw,  a  maritime  co.  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  having  B.  the  sea.  Area,  782 
sq.  m.  P.  99,287.  At  Glandalagh  or 
Glandalough,  formerly  an  episcopal  see 
in  this  CO.,  is  one  of  the  finest  collections 
of  ruins  in  the  United  Kingdom,  termed 

the  "  seven  churches." II.  a  seaport 

town  or  Ireland,  cap.  above  eo.,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Vartrey.  P.  2,795.  It  is 
resorted  to   for' sea-bathing. — Wickloio 

head  is  about  2h  m.  E.S.E.. III.  a  co. 

of  W.  Australia. 

A¥icKWAR,  a  mkt.  town  of  England, 
CO.  Gloucester.     P.  1,125. 

WiDAWKA,  a  town  of  Poland,  on  the 
Widawka.     P.  1,510.  | 


Wide-bay,  an  inlet  of  E.  Australia. 
WiDiN,  or  WiDDiN,  a  strongly  forti- 
fied town  of  European  Turkey,  Bulgaria, 
on  the  Danube.  P.  25,000.  It  is  the 
residence  of  pasha  &  a  Greek  archbishop, 
has  numerous  mosques,  &  some  trade  in 
rock-salt,  corn,  &  wine. 

WiEDENBRiJcK,  a  town  of  Prussian^ 
Westphalia.     P.  2,710. 

Wiegstadtl,  a  town  of  Austrian  Si- 
lesia.    P.  3,195. 

WiEHE,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony. 
P.  1,850. 

Wielichowo,  a  town  of  Prussian  Po- 
land.    P.  1,070. 

Wieliczka,  a  mining  town  of  Aus- 
trian Poland,  Galicia.  P.  4,500.  It  is 
celebrated  for  its  salt-mine,  probably  the 
largest  &  most  productive  in  the  world, 
yielding  annually  upwards  700,000  cwts. 
of  rock-salt.  Within  this  mine  are  a 
fresh-water  lake,  a  rivulet,  &  a  chapel 
hewn  out  of  rock-salt. 

Wieliz,  a  town  of  Eussia,  on  the  DUna. 
P.  6,800. 

WiELUN,  a  town  of  Poland,  44  m.  S.E. 
Kalice,  cap.  co.     P.  3,000. 

Wiener-Nectstadt,  a  strongly-forti- 
fied town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  canal 
of  Neustadt,  28  m.  S.  Vienna.  P.  9,323. 
The  canal  of  Neustadt,  33  m.  in  length, 
joins  the  Danube  at  Vienna. 

Wienerwald  (the  "  Vienn-a  Forest"), 
a  mntn.  range  of  S.  Germany. 

WiirpRz,  a  river  of  Poland,  after  a 
course  of  150  m.  joins  the  Vistula. 

WiERiNGEN,  an  island  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  the  Zuyder-Zee.  Length  6  m., 
br.  IJ  m.     P.  1,500. 

WiEKusKOw,  a  town  of  Poland,  on  the 
Prosna-.     P.  3,400. 

WiEHZBOLOw,  a  town  of  Poland.  P. 
2,060. 

Wiesbaden,  a  town  &  one  of  the  prin- 
cipal watering-places  of  Germany,  cap. 
duchy  Nassau,  on  the  Salzbaeh.  P.  (1845) 
12,269,  but  from  June  to  September  often 
25,000.  Its  springs,  the  ancient  Aquce- 
Mattiaci,  are  saline,  containing  silica, 
iron,  &  free  carbonic  acid  ;  &  the  hottest, 
the  Kochbrunn,  has  a  temperature  of 
150°  Fahr. 

WiESE,  a  vill.  of  Saxony,  with  public 
baths,  with'  1,200  inhabs. 

WiESELBURG,  a  town  of  W.  Hungary, 
cap.  CO.,  on  an  arm  of  the  Danube.  P. 
2,960. 

WiESEN,  a  river  of  S.W.  Germany,  & 
Switzerland,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  40  m. 
joins  the  Rhine. 

WiESENSTEiG,  a  towu  of  WUrtembeTg, 
on  the  Fils.     P.  1,396. 


834 


CYCLOPJEDIA  OF  GEOGRAPHY". 


[WIL 


H^ig^ 


'<*- 


WiESENTHAi,,  several  towns  of  G-er- 

many. 1.   (Ober  &    TJnter),   Saxony. 

United  pop.  3,640. II.  Bohemia.     P. 

1,670. III.  grand  duchy  Baden.     P. 

1,450. 

WiESLOcH,   a  town  of  Baden,  on  the 
Leimbach.     P.  2,721. 

WiGAN,  a  town  &  township  of  Engl., 
'  CO.  Lancaster,  on  the  Douglas.  P.  77,545. 
The  town,  the  centre  of  a  productiye  coal 
field,  is  pretty  well  built  &  improving, 
but  it  has  a  blackened  appearance  from 
numerous  furnaces. 

WiGGER,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  joins 
the  Aar.     L.  21  m. 

AVxGHT  (Isle  of),  an  island  of  the  Eng- 
lish channel,  oif  the  S.  coast  of  England, 
separated  by  the  Solent  &  Spithead  from 
»  the  mainland  of  Hampshire,  in  which  co. 
it  is  included.  Ler^th,  E.  to  "W.,  22J  m., 
greatest  breadth  at  its  centre,  13i  m. 
Area,  136  sq.  m.  P.  50,315.  It  is  one 
of  the  most  beautiful  parts  of  the  king- 
dom, presenting  almost  every  variety  of 
landscape  in  minature.  Principal  towns, 
Newport,  the  cap.,  Yarmouth,  Cowes, 
Ryde,  &  Ventnor ;  the  three  last  are 
greatly  frequented  in  summer  as  bath- 
ing- places  ;  &  near  Cowes  is  Osborne 
House,  a  favorite  residence  of  the  pre- 
sent sovereign. 

WiGTON,  a  market  town  &  township 
of  England,  co.  Cumberland.     P.  4.738. 

WiGTON,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland, 
cap.  CO.,  near  the  mouth  of  Bladenoch  in 
Wigtonbay.  P.  2,562. —  Wigtonbay,  an 
inlet  of  the  Irish  sea.  is  15  m.  in  length, 
br.  at  entrance  12  m. 

WiGTON  (or  West  Galloway),  the 
most  S.W.  CO.  of  Scotland.  Area,  459  sq. 
m.     P.  42,353. 

WiKE,  a  tnshp.  of  England,  co.  York, 
W.  Biding.     P.  2,330. 

WiLBEHFOHCE,  a  town  or  vill.  of  New 
S.  Wales. 

WiLBRAHAM,  a  township,  Hampden 
CO.  Mass.,  on  the  Chickapee,  &  Boston  & 
Springfield  railway,  68  m.  W.S.W.  Bos- 
ton. P.  1,864.  It  has  a  large  Wesleyan 
academy. 

Wilcox,  a  co.,  Alabama,  near  its  cen- 
tre. Cap.  Barboursville.  Area,  1,200  sq. 
m.  P.  17,352.  The  cap.  Wilcox  c.  H.,  is 
a  p-v.,  with  300  inhabs. 

AViLDBAD,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on 
the  Enz.     P.  1,735. 

WiLDBERG,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on 

the  Nagold.     P.  1,787. II.  a  vill.  of 

Upper  Austria,  ciro.  Miihl. 

WiLDEMANN,  a  mining  town  of  Ger- 
many, Hanover,  in  the  Harz,  P.  1,000. 
—  WUdenfels,  a  town.  Saxony.    P.  2,374. 


WiLDENscHWERT,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
on  the  Adler.     P.  2,833. 

WiLDESHAusEN,  a  towu  of  Oldcnburg, 
on  the  Hunte.     P.  2,008. 

WiLDHAUs,  a  mountain  vill.  of  Swit- 
zerland. ^ 

WiLDON,  a  mkt.  town  of  Austria,  Sty- 
ria.     P.  2,500. 

WiLDUNGBN  (Alt),  a  town,  Germany. 
P.  450. — Neider  Wildungen,  S. of  former, 
has  mineral  springs.     P.  1,780. 

Wiles  (Cape),  S.  Australia,  co.  Flin- 
ders, bounds  Sleaford  bay  on  the  W. 
WiLHELMsEURG,    a    market    town  of 

Lower  Austria,  on   the  Trasen. II.  a 

market  town   of  Bavaria. III.    Wil- 

hemsdorf  is  the  name  of  vills.  Bavaria  & 
Prussian  Silesia. 

Wilkes,  two  cos.  of  the  U.  S. 1,  in 

N.W.  part  of  Carolina,  on  the  Yadkin, 
cap.  Wilkesborough.     Area,  864  sq.  m. 

P.  12,099 II.  in  E.  part  of  Georgia. 

Cap.  Washington.     Area, 550  sq.  m.     P. 
12,167. 

WiLKESBARRE,  a  bor.  &  township  of 
the  U.  S.,  N.  America,  Pennsylvania, 
cap.  CO.  Lucerne,  on  the  Susquehanna,  in 
the  beautiful  valley  of  Wyoming,  83  m. 
N.E.  Harrisburg.  P.  of  t.  8,231,  do.  of 
bor.  1,718.  The  vill.  has  an  academy,  a 
female  seminary,  &  other  schools.  It  was 
burned  by  the  British  &  Indians  during 
the  revolution. 

WiLKiNs,  a  township,  Alleghany  co. 
Penn.,  10  m.  E.  Pittsburg.     P.  2,163. 

Wilkinson,  two  cos.  of  the  U.  S.,  N. 
America. 1,  near  the  centre  of  Geor- 
gia, cap.  Irwinton.  Area,  430  sq.  m.  P. 
8,212. II.  Mississippi,  at  its  S.W.  ex- 
tremity. Cap.  Woodville  Area,  580  sq. 
m.     P.  16,914. 

WiLKOwiszKi,  a  town  of  Poland.  P. 
3,511. 

Will,  a  N.E.  co.  111.  Area,  504  sq.  m. 
P.  16,703.  Cap.  Juliet. 

WiLLEBROEK,  a  market  town  of  Bel- 
gium.    P.  3,000. 

WillemstAd,  a  fortified  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  on  Hollands-diep.  P.  1,890. 

II.  the  cap.  town  of  the  island  Cura- 

90a,  on  its  S.  coast.     P.  7,000. 

Willenberg,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia. 
P.  1,820. 

William  (Island),  in  the  Pacific  o., 
is  between  New  Ireland  &,  New  Britain, 
— {Mount),  the  loftiest  peak  of  Graham's 

Land,  Antarctic  ocean. II.  the  lofti- 

tiest  &  most  E.  of  the  Australian  Gram- 
pain  mountains,  Victoria.  Height,  4,500 
feet.— — III.  (River),  E.  Australia,  joins 

Murray  river. II.  New  South  Wales, 

after  a  S.  course  of  70  m.,  joins  the  Hunter. 


wim] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


835 


Williams,  aco.  Ohio,  in  its  N."W.  part. 

Area  600  sq.    m.      P.  8,018. II.  a 

township  of  Penn.,  co.  Northampton.  P. 
1,937. 

.  WiLLiAMSBUHG,  a  dist.  of  the  U.  S.,  N. 
Amer.,  in  E.  part  of  S.  Carolina.  Area, 
1,200  sq.  m.     P.  12,447.     Cap.  Kingston. 

• II.  city,  Kings  co.  N.  Y.     P.  30,780. 

A  suburb  of  N.  Y. III.  a  vill.  of  Vir- 
ginia, cap.  CO.  James  city,  betw.  James 
&  York  rivers,  48  m.  E.S.B.  Kiclimond. 
P.  1,600.  It  has  a  lunatic  asylum,  & 
"William  &,  Mary  college, founded  in  1693. 

IV.  a  township  of  Ohio,  28  miles  E. 

Cincinnati.     P.  1,450. 

Williamson,  two  counties,  U.  S. 1. 

Tenn.,    near   its   centre,    cap.    Franklin. 

Area  476  sq.  m.     P.  27,201. II.  III., 

in  its   S.  part,   cap,   Bainbridge.      Area 

432  sq.  m.     P.  7,216. III.  N.  Y.,  co. 

Wayne,  on  Lake  Ontario.     P.  2,147. 

WiLLiAMspoRT,  p-b.,  cap.  Lycoming 
CO.  Pa.     P.  1,500. 

WiLLiAMSTOWN,  a  seaport  town  or 
vill.  of  the  British  colony  Victory,  Aus- 
tralia.    P.  322. 

WiLLiAMSTOWN,  Several  townships,  U. 

S. 1.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.,  20  m.  N. 

Pittsfield.     P.  2,153.     Here  is  Williams 

college,  founded  1793. II.  Orange  co. 

Vt.,  11  m.  S.E.  Montpelier.    P.  1,620. 
III.  N.  Y.,  CO.  &  28  miles  E     ' 
P.  842. 

.WiLLINGTON  &  WiLLISTON,  tWO   tOWn- 

Ships,  U.  S. 1.  Conn.,  28  m.  W.  Hart- 
ford. P.  1,268.-— IL  Vt,  32  m.  N.N.W. 
Montpelier.  P.  1,554. —  Willistown  is  a 
township,  Pa.,  20  m.  N.W.  Philadelphia. 
P.  1,460. 

WiLLisAU,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  on 
the  river  Wigger.     P.  1,160. 

WiLLOUGHBV,  a  township.  Lake  co.  0., 
on  Lake  Erie,  164  m.  N.N.E.  Columbus. 
P.  1,943.  It  is  the  seat  of  Willoughby- 
university,  founded  in  1834. 

Wills,  a  township,  Ohio,  co.  Guernsej''. 
P.  1,916.^  Willsborough  is  a  township, 
Essex  CO.  N.  Y.,  on  Lake  Champlain,  15 
m.  N.E.  Elizabeth.     P.  1,658. 

WiLLsTEDT,  a  market  town,  Baden. 
P.  1,500. 

WiLMANSTRAND,  a  fortified  town  of 
Finland,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  Lake  Sai- 
ma.     P.  1,500. 

Wilmington,  a  town  or  city  &  port  of 
entry,  Del.,  semi-cap.  co.  Newcastle,  be- 
tween Brandywine  &  Christiana  creeks, 
1  m.  above  their  junction,  &  39  miles  N. 
Dover.  P.  13,979.  Principal  edifices, 
the  city  hall,  two  mkt.  houses,  an  alms- 
house, arsenal,  about  16  churches,  &  some 
extensive  flour-mills  on  the  Brandywine. 


It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  &  woollen 
cloths,  breweries,  &  potteries,  &  many  of 
its  inhabitants  are  engaged  in  whale  fish- 
eries. Christiana  creek  is  navigable  to  it 
for  vessels  drawing  14  feet  water,  &  rail- 
waj'S  connect  it  with  Philadelphia  &  Bal- 
timore.  II.  a  township,  Windham  co. 

Vt.,  18  m.  E.  Bennington.     P.  1,296. 

III.  a  t.  &  port,  N.  C,  co.  New  Hanover, 
on  Cape  Fear  river,  35  m.  N.  Cape  Fear. 
P.  .  Its  ^arbor  admits  vessels  of  300 
tons,  &  opposite  it  are  some  fine  rice 
grounds.  Burden  of  shipping  12,387,47 
tons. —  Wilmington  island,  Ga.,  in  the 
Savannah  river,  8  m.  S.E.  Savannah,  is 
6  m.  in  length  by  4  m.  in  breadth. 

WiLMOT,  town,  Merrimac  co.  Me.  P. 
1,212.         _ 

WiLNA,  a  township,  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y., 
with  the  vill.  Carthage.     P.  2,591. 

WiLSDHUF,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the 
Wilde-Sau.     P.  2,135. 

WiLSNACK,  a  town  of  Prussia,  60  m. 
N.W.  Potsdam.     P.  1,800. 

Wilson,  a  co.,  near  the  centre  of  Tenn., 
cap.  Lebanon.  Area  430  sq.  m.  P.  27,- 
449.— — II.  a  tnshp.,  N.  Y.,  co.  Niagara, 
10  m.  N.W.  Lockport.     P.  1,753. 

Wilson's  Phomontory,  British  colo- 
ny of  Victoria,  forms  the  S.  extremity  of 
the  continent  of  Australia. — Wilson's 
peak  is  in  the  Clarence  river,  dist.  New 
South  Wales. —  Wilson's  inlet,  W.  Aus- 
tralia. 

WiLSTER,  a  town  of  Denmark,  duchy 
Holstein,  on  the  Wilsteraue.     P.  2,900. 

Wilton,  a  munic.  bor.  of  England,  co. 
Wilts.     P.  8,057. 

Wilton,  several  townships  of  the  U.  S. 

1.  Hillsboro'  CO.  N.  H.,  40  m.  S.W. 

Concord.     P.  1,033. II.  N.  Y.,   12  m. 

N.  Ballston-spa.     P.  1,438. III.  Me., 

30  m.  W.N.W.  Augusta.     P.  2,198. 

IV.  Fairfield  co.  Conn.,  55  m.  S.W.  Hart- 
ford.    P.  2,053. 

Wiltshire,  an  inland  co.  of  England, 
in  its  S.  part.  Area  1,367  sq.  m.  P. 
258,733.  Its  centre  is  occupied  by  the 
table- land  of  Salisbury  plain.  Besides 
Stonehenge  &  Avebury,  it  contains  nu- 
merous vestiges  of  antiquity,  having  been 
a  frequent  seat  of  warfare  in  the  middle 
ages. 

WiLZ,  or  Wiltz,  a  town  of  Dutch  Lux- 
emburg, on  the  Wilz.     P.  2,500. 

Wimborne- Minster,  a  market  town 
of  England,  co.  Dorset.     P.  4,326. 
.  Wimille,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Pas-de-Calais,  2  m.  N.  Boulogne. 
P.  1,779. 

WiMMERA,  a  river  of  the  British  colo- 
ny Victoria,  Australia,  in  its  W.  part. 


836 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[win 


WiMMERBY,  a  town  of  S.  Sweden.  P. 
1,465. 

WiMPFEN,  a  town  of  Germany.  P. 
2,187. 

AYiNCANTON,  a  market  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Somerset.     P.  2,296. 

WiNCHcoMBE,  a  market  town  of  Engl., 
CO.  Gloucester,  in  the  vale  of  the  Islip. 
P.  2,613.  During  the  Saxon  dj'nasty, 
the  town  was  a  co.  of  itself,  &  a  place  of 
importance.  In  798,  Kenulph,  king  of 
Wessex,  founded  a  famous  abbey  here, 
but  of  which  few  traces  remain. 

WiNCHELSEA,  a  cinquc-port  of  Engl., 
CO.  Sussex.  Old  Winchelsea,  a  place  of 
importance  in  the  Roman  period,  stood  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Rother,  2  m.  distant, 
but  was  destroyed  by  an  inundation  of 
the  sea  in  -1827. 

WiNcHENDON,  a  township,  Worcester 
CO.  Mass.,  50  miles  W.N.W.  Boston.  P. 
1,754.     It  has  a  sulphurous  spring. 

Winchester,  a  city  &  pari.  &  munic. 
bor.  of  England,  of  which  it  was  long  the 
cap.,  now  cap.  co.  Hants,  nearly  in  its 
centre,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Itchin,  62  miles 
W.S.W.  London.  P.  25,658.  The  city  is 
clean,  well  built,  &  paved,  &  it  has  a 
venerable  appearance,  consisting  chiefly 
of  a  main  street,  crossed  at  right  angles 
by  many  others,  which  have  antique  edi- 
fices. Nearly  all  the  S.E.  quarter  of  the 
city  is  occupied  by  the  cathedral  &  its 
precincts.  The  cathedral,  supposed  to 
have  been  originally  founded  in  the  2d 
century,  is  a  vast  structure,  545  feet  in 
length  externally,  208  feet  in  breadth  at 
the  transept,  with  a  nave  351  feet,  a 
choir  136  feet  in  length,  &  a  ponderous 
central  tower,  150  feet  in  height.  Exrcept 
its  beautiful  W.  front,  its  exterior  is 
heavy,  but  its  interior  in  many  respects 
equals  in  magnificence  &  beauty  that  of 
York  minster.  It  contains  the  tomb  of 
William  Rufus  ;  &,  in  a  series  of  carved 
chests  over  the  choir,  the  remains  of 
many  of  the  kings  of  Wessex,  &  of  the 
Saxon  kings  of  England.  Its  altar-piece 
is  the  celebrated  "  Raising  of  Lazarus," 
by  West.  At  one  period,  AVinchester  is 
said  to  have  had  90  churches,  chapels,  & 
monastic  institutions,  many  of  which 
were  swept  away  by  the  Reformation. 
Winchester  college,  founded  by  W.  of 
Wykeham  in  1387,  has  fine  buildings. 
Of  4  ancient  gates,  only  the  W.  remains. 
In  an  apartment  over  it,  are  preserved 
the  original  Winchester  bushel  of  king 
Edgar,  &  other  Anglo-Saxon  standards 
of  measure.  Near  it  is  an  obelisk  to 
commemorate  a  destructive  visitation  of 
tha  plague  in  1669.    Under  the  name  of 


Caer-  Gwent,  it  was  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant cities  of  the  ancient  Britons ;  it 
became  an  important  Roman  station,  & 
having  been  taken  by  CerJic  in  519,  it 
remained  the  cap.  of  the  kingdom  Wes- 
sex, &  of  England,  throughout  all  the 
Saxon,  Danish,  &  early  Norman  dynas- 
ties. In  the  time  of  Henry  I.,  it  had 
reached  its  greatest  eminence ;  but  in 
the  reign  of  Henry  VI.,  it  had  materially 
declined-,  it  was,  however,  a  principal  res- 
idence of  the  English  sovereigns  down  to 
the  accession  of  George  I.  Henry  III. 
was  born  here  in  1207 ;  &  here  also 
Henry  VIII.  entertained  the  emperor 
Charles  V. ;  &  their  oifspring,  Mary  & 
Philip,  were   married  at  Winchester  in 

1554. II.  several  townships,  U.  S. 

III.  town  of  Va.,  in  its  N.E.  part,  cap.  co. 
Frederick,  48  m.  S.  W.  Frederick,  Mary- 
land, with  which,  &  with  Baltimore,  it  is 
connected  bj"^  railway.     It  has  an  active 

general  trade.     P.   3,600. IV.  town, 

Cheshire  co.  New  Hampshire. V.  town, 

Litchfield  co.  Conn.  P.  1,667.  It  has 
extensive  iron  works  &  various  manuf. 
VI.  Ohio,  CO.  Adams.  P.  1,121.  VII. 
Ky.,  cap.  CO.  Clarke,  42  m.  E.S.E.  Frank- 
fort.    P.  1,047. 

WiNDEcKEN,  a  town  of  Germany,  on 
1.  b.  of  the  Nidder.     P.  1,535. 

Windermere,  a  pa.  of  England,  co. 
Westmoreland,  8i  m.  N.W.  Kendal.  P. 
2,498. — Lake  Windermere,  or  Winan- 
dermere,  one  of  the  finest  of  the  English 
lakes,  is  14  miles  in  length,  by  1  mile  in 
width. 

Windham,  two  cos.,  U.  S. 1.  Ver- 
mont, in  its  S.E.  part.     Area,  780  sq.  m. 

P.   29,062.      Cap.   Fayetteville II. 

Conn.,  in  N.E.  part,  cap.  Brooklyn. 
Area,  620  sq.  m.  P.  31,079.— Also,  sev- 
eral townships. 1.  Maine,    14   miles 

N.N.W.   Portland. II.  Windham  co. 

Connecticut.      Has    the    manufacturing 

village    of   Willimantia. III.    Green 

CO.  N.  y.     P.  2,417. IV.  Luzerne  co. 

Pa.     P.  1,647. 

WiNDiscH,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  on 
the  Reuss. —  Windischgartsen  is  a  mkt. 
town  of  Upper  Austria     P.  1,000. 

Windischgratz,  a  town  of  Styria,  on 
the  Misliugbach.     P.  750. 

Windle,  a  township  of  Engl.,  co.  Lan- 
caster.    P.  6,918. 

WiNDSBACH,  a  walled  town  of  Bava- 
ria, on  the  Rezat.     P.  1,196. 

W.indsheim,  a  town  of.  Bavaria.  P. 
3,345. 

Windsor  (New),  a  munic.  bor.,  town, 
&  pa.  of  England,  co.  Berks,  on  the  rt.  b. 
of  the  Thames,  across  which  it  is  con- 


win] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER.- 


83*7 


nected  with  Eton  (Bucks)  by  a  three- 
arohed  iron  bridge,  on  granite  piers,  & 
23  m.  S.W.  London.  Ttie  town  consists 
chiefly  of  a  main  thoroughfare,  winding 
close  around  the  W.  &,  S.  sides  of  Wind- 
sor castle  ;  two  other  principal,  &  several 
smaller,  streets.  It  is  well  built.  P. 
19,410. —  Old  Windsor  is  a  pa.,  IJ  miles 
E.S.E.  New  Windsor,  crossed  by  a  Roman 
road  from  Silcliester.  P.  1,600.  During 
the  Saxon  dynasty  a  palace  existed  here, 
but  the  roj'al  residence  was  removed  to 
the  present  locality  by  William  the  Con- 
queror. 

Windsor  Castle,  the  principal  resi- 
dence of  the  sovereigns  of  Great  Britain, 
is  situated  immediately  E.  of  New  V*''ind- 
sor.  This  magnificent  structure  was  ori- 
ginally built  by  William  the  Conqueror, 
&  has  been  embellished  by  most  of  the 
succeeding  sovereigns.  The  great  park 
of  Windsor  comprises  about  3,800  acres, 
well  stocked  with  deer,  &  W.  of  it  is 
Windsor  forest,  56  miles  in  circum. 

Windsor,   two    towns   of    British  N. 

America. 1.   Nova    Scotia,    cap.  co. 

Hants,  having  the   principal  college   in 

the  colony. II.  Upper- Canada,  Home 

dist.,  CO.  York,  on   north  bank  of  Lake 

Ontario. III.  a  borough  of  New  South 

Wales,  CO.  Cumberland.     P.  1,679. 

IV.  a  S.E.  CO.  Vt.     Area,  900  sq.  miles. 

Cap.  Woodstock.     P.  38,320. V.  sevl. 

townships,  U.  S. 1.  Vermont,  cap.  co., 

on  W.  bank  of  the  Conn,  river,  18  miles 
S.S.W.  Norwich.  P.  2,744. II.  Con- 
necticut, CO.   &  7  m.  N.    Hartford.      P. 

2,283. IIP.   New  York,   12  m.  S.E. 

Bingharapton,  with  a  vill.  on  W.  side  of 

the    Susquehanna.      P.     2,368. -IV. 

Pennsylvania,  co.    Berks,  on  Schuylkill 

river  &  canal.     P.  2,882. V.  Maine, 

10m.  E.Augusta.     P.  1,789. 

WiNFiELD,  a  township,   Herkimer  co. 
N.  Y.,  76  miles  W.  Albany.     P.  1,652. 
Winhall  is  a  township,  Vermont,  80  m. 
S.W.  Montpelier. 

WiNiKi,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia.     P.  2,270. 

WiNKEL,  a  market  town  of  Nassau,  on 
the  Rhine.     P.  1,600. 

Winnebago,  a  lake,  U.  S.,  Wisconsiuj 
W.  Lake  Michigan.     L.  N.  to  S.  28  m., 

br.  10  m. II.  a  N.  co.  Wis.     Area,  500 

sq.m.    Cap.  Oshko,sh.    P.  10,125. IIL 

a  N.  CO.  111.  Area,  504  sq.  m.  P.  11,- 
773.     Cap.  Rockford. 

WiNNEEAH,  a  town  of  Africa,  Gold 
Coast.     Lat.  5°  12'  N.,  Ion.  0°  36'  W. 

WiNNENDEN,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
12  m.  N.E.  Stuttgart.     P.  3,060. 

WiNNiNGEN,  a  market  town  of  Rhen- 


ish Prussia,  with  mineral  springs.  ,P 
1,5.50. 

Winnipeg  (Lake),  Brit.  N.  America, 
is  between  lat.  50°  &  54°  N.,  &  Ion.  96° 
&  99°  W.  Length  240  m.,  br.  55  miles ; 
shape  very  irregular.  Shores  low,  &  its 
waters  are  muddy. — The  riv.  Winnipeg, 
a  noble  but  dangerous  stream,  has  a 
N.W.  course  of  250  m.  through  the  lake 
of  the  Woods,  &c. — Lake  Winnipegoos, 
abput  50  m.  W.  Lake  Winnipeg,  is  125 
m.  in  length  N.  to  S.,  av.  br.  25  m. 

Winnipiseogee,  a  beautiful  lake  of 
the  U.  S.,  N.  America,  state  New  Hamp- 
shire. Shape  irregulpr;  length  22  m., 
greatest  breadth  10  m. ;  height  above  the 
sea,  472  foet.  It  is  very  deep  ;  its  shores 
are  highly  picturesque. 

"W^innsborough,  a  vill.,  S.  Carolina, 
cap.  Fairfield  dist.,  27  miles  N.N.AV. 
Columbia,  with  a  Baptist  theological 
seminary. 

WiNNWEiLER,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Bavaria.     P.  1,284. 

WiNscHOTEN,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands.    P.  3,578. 

WiNSEN,  a  town  &  a  vill.  of  Hanover. 

1,  on  the  Luhe.    P.  1,988. II.  on 

the  Aller.     P.  1,000. 

WiNSLOw,  a  market  town  of  England, 

00.   Buckingham.      P.    1,434. II.   a 

tnshp.,  U.  S..  N.  Amer.,  Maine,  on  the 
Kennebec,  20  m.  N.E.  Augusta.  P.  1,722. 
— •  Winston  is  a  co.,  Mississippi,  on  the 
Pearl  &  Tombigbee  rivers.  Cap.  Louis- 
ville.    Area,  720  sq.  m.     P.  7,956. 

WiNSTER,  a~market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Derby.     P.  1,005. 

WiNTERBERG,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on 

the  Wolnika.     P.   1,600. II.  a  town 

of  Prussian  Westphalia,  on  the  Orke.  P. 
1,300. 

Winter-Harbor,  British  N.  Americaj 
is  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Melville  island, 
Arctic  ocean. 

WiNTERswYK,  a  vill.  of  the  Nether^ 
lands,  on  the  Prussian  frontier.    P.  5,600. 

WiNTBRTHtTR,  a  town  of  Switzerland. 
P.  4,600.—-  Obtr-  Wintertkur  is  a  vill., 
1  m.  N.E.-ward,  with  2,000  inhab. 

WiNTHROp,  a  township,  Kennebec  co. 
Maine,  10  m.  W.  Augusta,  containing  a 
lake  10  m.  in  length,  with  a  vill.  at  its 
S.  extremity.     P.  1,915. 

WiNTON,  p-v.,  cap.  Hertford  co.  N.  C. 

AViNTZENHEiM,  a  comm.  &  mkt.  town 
of  France,  dep.  II.  Rhin.     P.  3,896. 

Win  YAW  Bay,  S.  Carolina,  is  the 
estuary  formed  by  the  junction  of  Great 
Pedee  &  Black  rivers,  14  m.  in  length, 
5  m.  in  breadth,  &  navig.  from  the  sea  to 
Georgetown. 


838 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[wit 


WiNziG,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia.     P.  2,000. 

WiPFELD,  a  market  town  of  Bavaria, 
on  1.  b.  of  the  Main.  P.  742.— Wippach 
is  a  market  town  of  Illyria,  Carniola. 
P.  1,040. 

WippER,  three  rivers  of  Germany. 

I.  Prussian  Saxony,  after  a  S.E.  course 
of  50  m.,  joins  the  Unstrut. II.  Prus- 
sian Saxony,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  40  m., 
joins  the  Saale. III.  Prussian  West- 
phalia, after  a  course  of  50  m.,  joins  the 
Rhine. 

WippEEFiJHTH,  a  walled  town  of  Rhen- 
ish Prussia,  23  m.  N.E.  Cologne.  P.  1,875. 
—  Wippra  is  a  vill.  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
on  the  Wipper.     P.  1,000. 

WiRBALLEN,  a  town  of  Poland.  P. 
1,650. 

WiRKswoRtH,  a  market  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  &  12  miles  N.N.W.  Derby.  P. 
7,891. 

WiRswALL,  a  township  of  England, 
00.  Chester.     P.  6,220. 

Wirt,  co.,  t7.  Va.    P.  3,353. II. 

t.,  Albany  co.  N.  Y.     P.  1,207. 

WisBEACH,  or  Wisbech,  a  munie.  bor., 
river-port,  &  town  of  England,  co.  Cam- 
bridge, on  the  border  of  Norfolk,  in  the 
isle  of  Ely,  on  the  Nen.     P.  36,192. 

WisBY,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden,  cap. 
island  Gottland,  in  the  Baltic. 

WiscAssET,  a  river-port  &  township 
of  the  U.  S.,  N.  Amer.,  Maine,  on  Sheeps- 
cot  river,  22  m.  S.S.E.  Augusta.  It  is 
semi-cap.  Lincoln  co.  P.  2,332.  Its  har- 
bor admits  vessels  of  the  largest  class. — 
Wisconisco  is  a  tnshp.  of  Pennsylvania, 
CO.  Dauphin.     P.  489. 

WiscHAu,  a  town  of  Moravia,  on  the 
Hanna.     P.  3,264. 

WiscHNiTZA,  a  mkt.  town  of  Austrian 
Poland,  Bukowina,  on  the  Czeremosz. 
P.  2,650. 

Wisconsin,  one  of  the  U.  S.,  in  the 
N.W.  part  of  the  Union,  between  lat.  42° 
30'  &  47°  N.  &  Ion.  87°  &  92°  20'  W., 
having  S.  Illinois,  W.  the  Mississippi  & 
the  territory  of  Minnesota,  N.  Lake  Supe- 
rior &  Michigan  state,  &  E.  Lake  Mich- 
igan. Area  estimated  at  51,000  sq.  m. 
P.  in  1840,  30,945;  in  1850,305,191.  Sur- 
face very  varied,  well  watered,  abounding 
with  small  lakes.  It  is  rich  in  minerals. 
Iron  is  abundant,  &  copper  is  said  to 
exist  in  large  quantities  on  the  chores  of 
Lake  Superior.  Principal  vill.  Milwau- 
kie,  on  Lake  Michigan.  Madison  is  the 
cap.  town.  It  is  divided  into  31  cos.,  & 
has  3  representatives  in  Cong.  No  state 
debt.  Wisconsin  was  organized  as  a 
terr.  in  1836,  &  admitted  into  the  union 


in  1847. — The  Wisconsin  river  rises  in 
lat.  45°  5'  N.,  Ion.  88°  50'  W.,  flows  S. 
&  W.,  &  joins  the  Mississippi  on  1.,  in  lat. 
43°  N.  L.  270  m.  By  a  canal  in  con- 
nection with  the  Fox  river,  completed  in 
1850,  steam-boat  navigation  has  been 
obtained  from  Lake  Michigan  to  the  Mis- 
sissippi, running  through  the  centre  of 
the  state. 

WisiNGsoE,  an  isl.  in  the  S.  part  of 
Lake  Wetter,  Sweden.  L.  10  m. ;  br.  1  m. 

WisLEY,  a  pa.  of  England,  co.  Surrey, 
2J  m.  N.E.  Ripley.  Area,  1,170  ac.  P. 
155.  ■  ^ 

AVisLicA,  a.  walled  town  of  Poland,  on 
the  Nida.     P.  2,000. 

AVisLOK  &   WisLOKA,   two  rivers  of 

Galicia,  Austrian  Poland. 1,  joins  the 

San.     L.  112  m. II.  mostly  parallel 

to  the  foregoing  on  the  W.,  joins  the  Vis- 
tula, after  a  course  of  more  than  100  m. 

WisMAH,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of 
N.  Germany,  18  m.  N.E.  Schwerin.  P. 
11,389. 

WisowiTz,  a  town  of  Moravia,  20  m. 
N.E.  Hradisch,  dn  the  Drewniza.  P. 
2,713. 

WissANT,  a  comm.  &  maritime  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Pas-de-Calais.     P.  1,012. 

-  AVissEMBOUHG,  a  comm.  &  fortified 
town  of  France,  dep.  Bas  Rhin,  on  rt.  b. 
of  the  Lauter.     P.  6,273. 

WisTERNiTZ,  a  mkt.  town  of  Moravia. 
P.  1,408. 

WiTHAM,  a  river  of  England.  Total 
length  80  m.,  for  the  last  40  of  which  it 

is  navig.  for  small  vessels. II.  a  mkt. 

town  of  England,   co.  Essex.     P.  16,088. 

WiTKOwo,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland. 
P.  2,200. 

Witney,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  &  10  miles  W.N.W.  Oxford,  on  the 
AVindrush.  The  average  annual  number 
of  blanket-pieces,  including  pilot-cloths, 
manufactured,  is  about  10,000;  average 
value  90,000Z. 

Witten,  ■  a  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, on  the  Ruhr.     P.  2,335. 

AVittenbeeg,  a  fortified  town  of  Prus- 
sian Saxony,  on  the  rt.  b.  of  the  Elbe. 
P.  8,750.  Here  the  reformation  com- 
menced in  1517,  &  the  garrison  church 
contains  the  graves  of  Luther  &  Mel- 
ancthon,  &  their  portraits  byL.Cranach. 
Luther's  cell  in  the  Augustine  convent, 
&  Melanethon's  house,  are  still  preserved. 
—  Wittenberge  is  a  town,  on  the  Elbe. 
P.  2,680. 

Wittenburg,  a  town  of  N.  Germany. 
P.  2,705. 

Wittgenstein  Island,  Low  archi- 
pelago, Pacific  ocean. 


wol] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER, 


839 


WiTTicHENAu,  a  town  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, on  the  Black-Elster.     P.  2,100. 

WiTTiNGAu,  a  town  of  Bohemia.  P. 
3,319. 

WiTTiNGEN,  a  town  of  Hanover.  P. 
1,225. 

WiTTLiCH,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
on  the  Leiser.     P.  2,900. 

WiTTMUND,  a  vill.  of  Hanover.  P. 
1,800. 

WiTTSTOCK,  a  walled  town  of  Prussia, 
on  the  Dosse,  60  miles  N.W.  Berlin.  P. 
6,400. 

WiTZENHAusEN,  a  town  of  H.  Cassel, 
on  the  Werra.     P.  3,235. 

WivELiscoMBE,  a  market  town  of 
Engl.,  CO.  Somerset.     P.  2,984. 

WiVENHOE,  a  marit.  town  of  England, 
CO.  Essex,  on  the  Colne.     P.  1,599. 

AVizNA,  a  town  of  Poland,  50  m.  S.S.W. 
Augustow,  on  the  Narew.     P.  2,015. 

Wkra,  a  river  of  Poland,  rises  in  E. 
Prussia,  &  joins  the  Bug.  Total  course 
120  miles. 

Wladislav/ow,  two  towns  of  Poland. 

1,  on  the  Szezuj)|)e.     P.  4,506. 

II.  28  m.  N.E.  Kalice. 

Wlaschim,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circ. 
&  22  m.  S.S.W.  Kaurziin.     P.  2,236. 

AYloclawek,  a  town  of  Pcdand,  on  the 
Vistula.     P.  4,000. 

Wlodawa,  a  town,  Poland.     P.  3,660. 

WoAHOo,  or  Oahu,  one  of  the  Sand- 
wich isls.,  Pacific  ocean,  140  m.  N.W. 
Hawaii.  L.  40  m.,  greatest  breadth  18 
m.     Area,  530  sq.  m.     P.  27,800. 

WoBURN,  or  Old  Woburn,  a  market 
town  of  England,  co.  &  13  m.  S.W.  Bed- 
ford. P.  l,9U.—  Woburn-AUeT/,  E.  of 
the  town,  is  the  j)rincipal  seat  of  the 
Duke  of  Bedford,  &  derives  its  name 
from  its  being  erected  on  the  site  of  a 
Cistercian  abbey,  founded  here  in  1145. 

WoBUHN,  a  township,  Middlesex  co. 
Mass.,  on  Boston  &  Lowell  railway  & 
Middlesex  canal,  10  m.  W.N.W.  Boston. 
P.  2,993- 

WoDNiAN,  a  fortified  town  of  Bohe- 
mia, on  the  Blanitz.     P.  2,241. 

WoDzisLAw,  a  town  of  Poland,  on  the 
Wodzislawa.     P.  2,000. 

Woerden,  a  walled  town  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, prov.  S.  Holland,  cap.  cant.,  on 
the  Old  Rhine,  18  m.  E.S.E.  Leyden.  P. 
withdist.  4,117. 

Woerth-sur-Sauee,  a  comm.  &  vill. 
of  France,  dep.  B.  Rhin.     P.  1,240. 

Wohlau,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  cap.  circ.     P.  3,000. 

Wokingham,  a  market  town  of  Eng- 
land, on  the  border  of  Windsor  forest. 
P.  3,342. 


WoLCOTT,  several  townships,  U.  S. 

I.   New  York,  bordering  Lake  Ontario. 

P.  2,481. II.  Vermont,    25   miles  N. 

Montpelier. III.   Conn.,  54    miles  S. 

Hartford. 

WoLDEGK,  a  walled  town  of  N.  Ger- 
many.    P.  2,186. 

WoLDENBERG,  B,  walled  town  of  Prus- 
sia, 66  m.  N.E.  Frankfiirt.     P.  3,000. 

Wolf-Creek,  a  township,  Mercer  co. 
Penn.,  on  Wolf  creek,  10  m.S.E.  Mercer. 

P.  1,732. Wolf sborougfi  is  atownship, 

New  Hampshire,  on  Lake  Winnipiseo- 
gee,  39  m.  N.N.W.  Concord.     P.  1,913. 

WoLFENBiJTTEL,  a  town  of  Germany, 
duchy  &  8  m.  S.  Brunswick.  P.  9,003. 
It  consists  of  a  citadel,  town-proper,  & 
two  suburbs,  &  has  several  fine  churches, 
two  old  castles,  a  college,  &  various 
other  schools,  &  a  library  containing 
nearly  100,000  vols.,  with  relics  &  MSS. 
of  Luther. 

WoLFHAGEN,  a  town  of  Germany, 
Hessen-Cassel,  14  miles  W.  Cassel.  P. 
3,187. —  IVolf  islands  are  a  group  of 
British  N.  America,,  New  Brunswick,  in 
Passamaquoddy  bay,  N.  Grand  Manan 
island.  The  most  northern  in  lat.  44° 
59'  N.,  Ion.  66°  41'  W. 

WoLFRATSHAusEN,  a  market  town  of 
Upper  Bavaria,  on  the  Loisach.   P.  1,200. 

Wolf   River,  two  rivers,  U.  S. 1. 

Tennessee,  joins  the  Mississippi. II. 

Wisconsin,  enters  Lake  Winnebago,  after 
a  S.E.  course  of  150  miles. 

Wolfsberg,  a  town  of  lUyria,  Carin- 
thia,  on  the  Lavant.     P.  1,466. 

Wolgast,  a  seaport  town  of  Prussian 
Pomerania,  33  miles  S.E.-  Stralsund.  P. 
5,200. 

WoLiN,  a  mkt.  town  of  Bohemia,  on 
the  Wolinka.     P.  1,570. 

WoLKENsTEiN,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on 
the  Zschoppau.     P.  1,901. 

Wollaston-Land,  British  N.  Amer- 
ica, Arctic  ocean,  W.  Victoria  Land. 

Wollin,  a  small  seaport  town  of  Prus- 
sian Pomerania,  on  the  Divenow.  P. 
3,406. 

WoLLMiRSTADT, .  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  on  the  Ohre.     P.  3,500. 

WOLLOMBA  &  WOLLONDILLY,  tWO  riVS. 

of  New  South  Wales. 

WoLLSTEiN,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland. 

P.  2,650. II.  a  town,  grand  duchy  H. 

Darmstadt.     P.  1,470. 

WoLOMBi,  a  vilL,  New  South  Wales, 
E.  Australia. 

WoLSiNGHAM,  a  market  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Durham.     P.  2,086. 

Wolverhampton,  a  munic.  bor.  & 
manufac.  town  of  Englaud,  co.  Stafford. 


840 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[WOR 


The  town  is  blackened  from  the  presence 
of  numerous  iron  forges  &  furnaces.  P. 
104,162.  Looks,  brass,  tinned,  &  ja- 
panned wares,  tools,  nails,  papier-mache, 
&  other  goods  made  at  Birmingham,  are 
here  manufactured. 

WoNGROwiTz,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Poland,  on  the  Welna. 

Wood,  two  cos.,  U.  S. 1.  Virginia, 

in  its  N.W.  part,  bounded  by  the  Ohio 
river.'    Area,  1,223  sq.  miles.     P.  9,450. 

Cap.    Parke rsburg. II.  in      N.W    of 

Ohio.  Area,  590  sq.  m.  P-  9,157.  Cap. 
Perrysburg. —  IVood  creek,  state  New 
York,  is  the  name  of  tributaries  to  lakes 
Oneida  &  Champlain. 

WooDBEiDGE,  a  market  town  &  river- 
port  of  England,  co.  Suffolk,  on  the  De- 
ben.  P.  4,954.  The  town  has  a  spn- 
cious  church  of  black   flint  &  free-stone. 

II.  t..  New  Haven  co.  Conn.    P.  958. 

III.  t.,  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.    P.-4,821. 

Woodbury,   several  townships,   U.  S. 

1.  Pa.,   78  m.   W.  Harrisburg.     P. 

3,944. II.  CO.  Huntingdon.     P.  2,102. 

III.  Conn.,  50  m.  W.  Hartford.     P. 

1,948. IV.  a  village,  N.  J.,  32  miles 

S.S.W.  Trenton,  on  Woodbury  creek,  an 
affl.  of  the  Delaware,  at  the  head  of  its 

navigation.     P.  800. V.  (North),  Pa., 

CO.  Bedford.     P.  1,994. VI.  {Soutk), 

same  state  &  co.     P.  1,950. 

Woodcock,  a  township,  Crawford  co. 
Pa.,  on  Woodcock  creek,  213  miles  N.W. 
Harrisburg.     P.  1,921. 

Woodford,  co.  111.     P.  4,416. 

WooDHOusE  is  a  township,-  co.  Leices- 
ter.    P.  1,309. 

Woodle  Island,  Gilbert  archipelago, 
Pacific  ocean,  is  in  lat.  0°  17'  N.j  Ion.  173' 
27'  B. 

Woodstock,  a  munic.  bor.  &  town  of 
England,  co.  Oxford,  on  the  Gc\ynn.—  Old 
Woodstock  is  a  locality  a  little  N.  the 
town.  Under  the  Saxon  &  Norman  dyn- 
asties, Woodstock  was  a  royal  residence, 
&  here  King  Alfred  resided  while  trans- 
lating Boetius. 

Woodstock,  several  townships  of  the 

U.  S. I.-Vt.,  cap.  CO.  Windsor,  45  m. 

S.  Montpelier.  P.  3,041.  Its  chief  vill. 
is  built  around  a  spacious  public  ground. 

II.  Conn.,  43  mUes  E.N.E.  Hartford. 

P.  3,053. III.  N.  Y.,  69  miles  S.  Al- 
bany.    P..  1,691. IV.  a  vill.  Va.,  cap. 

CO.,  &  on  the  riv.  Shenandoah,  110  miles 
N.N.W.  Richmond.     P.  1,000. 

Woodville,  p-v.,  cap.  Wilkinson  co. 
Miss.     P.  1,000. 

Wooldale,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
York,  W.  Riding.     P.  4,806. 

Wooler,  a  market  town  of  England, 


CO.  Northumberland,  on  a  small  afll.  of 
the  Till.  P.  1,874.  The  town  is  situated 
on  the  declivity  of  the  Cheveot  hills.  In 
the  vicinity  are  remains  of  ancient  fortifi- 
cations, &  a  stone  pillar  commemorative 
of  the  victory  of  the  Percies  over  the 
Scots  in  the  reign  of  Henry  IV. 

Woolwich,  a  town  &  naval  port  of 
England,  co.  Kent,  9  m.  B.S.E.  London, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  railway. 
P.  17,661.  The  town,  about  1  m.  in  length, 
is  on  an  elevated  site,  separated  from  the 
Thames  by  the  dock-yard.  P.  .  The 
dock-yard,  the  most  ancient  in  the  king- 
dom, has  been  enlarged  of  late  years,  & 
has  some  very  fine  new  docks.  Wool- 
wich has  the  largest  arsenal  in  Britain, 
covering  more  than  100  acres,  &  contain- 
ing nearly  24,000  pieces  of  ordnance,  be- 
sides   other    warlike    materials    for  the 

army  &  navy,  a  royal  laboratory,  &o. 

II.  town,  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  P.  3,676. 
III.  town,  Lincoln  co.  Me.    P.  1,416. 

WooNsocKET  Falls,  a  village,  Provi- 
dence CO.  R.  I.,  on  Blackstone  river,  at  its 
falls,  15  m.  N.N.W.  Providence.  The  pop. 
are  engaged  in  IRanufs.  of  cottons,  flan- 
nels, &  satinets. 

WoosTER,  a  township,  Ohio,  43  miles 
S.W.  Cleveland.     P.  1,207. 

A\'^oosuNG,  a  small  maritime  town  of 
China,  80  m.  N.W.  Chusan. 

Wootton-Basset,  a  market  town  of 
England,  co.  Wilts.     P.  2,990. 

WouB,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland. 

WoHEis,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
43  m.  N.W.  Erfurt,  on  the  Wipper.  P. 
2,000. 

Worcestek,  a  city,  munic.  bor.,  &  co. 
of  England,  cap.  co.  Worcester,  on  1.  b. 
of  the  Severn,  here  crossed  by  a  5-arched 
bridge.  P.  27,677.  Standing  chiefly  be- 
tween the  Severn  &  the  Worcester  or 
Birmingham  canal,  just  above  their 
junction,  &  sheltered  on  the  E.  by  a 
finely-wooJed  hill,  it  is  one  of  the  best 
built  &  handsomest  cities  in  the  kingdom. 
Streets  regular,  wide,  &  well  paved.  On 
the  S.  the  cathedral  &  college  precincts 
occupy  an  extensive  area.  The  city  was 
formerly  enclosed  by  a  wall,  some  ves- 
tiges of  which  remain  ;  &  the  college  pre- 
cincts were,  in  early  Saxon  times,  sur- 
rounded by  separate  fortifications,  of 
which  the  Edgar  tower  is  the  chief  relic. 
The  cathedral  was  founded  in  680j  but 
the  present  edifice,  with  its  appendages, 
dating  from  the  14th  century,  is  an  ele- 
gant plain  Gothic  building,  with  a  fine 
central  tower  200  feet  in  height.  Its 
interior  is  very  tastefully  decorated,  &  it 
contains  the  tomb  &  effigy  of  King  John. 


wra] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


841 


monumental  chapel  of  Arthur,  son  of 
Henry  VII.,  monuments  to  Judge  Lit- 
tleton, Bishop  Stillingfleet,  &c.  The  see 
of  Worcester,  lately  extended,  now  com- 
prises the  cos.  Worcester  &  Warwick, 
with  portions  of  adjacent  cos.,  in  all  em- 
bracing 362  pas.  There  are  also  a  female 
penitentiary,  lying-in,  ophthalmic,  & 
other  medical  institutions,  a  dispensary, 
humane  &  other  societies ;  &  Worcester 
is  the  head-quarters  of  the  Provincial 
Medical  Association  of  Great  Britain. 
Principal  manufs.  are  china  wares  of  the 
first  quality,  &  gloves,  of  which  latter 
there  are  28  manuf.  houses,  producing 
about  250,000  pairs  of  gloves  annually, 
though  the  latter  branch  of  manuf.  is  re- 
ported to  be  declining.  Good  warehouses 
&  quays  border  the  Severn,-  which  is  here 
navigable  for  large  barges.  Under  the 
name  of  Caer  Guorangon  it  was  One  of 
the  principal  cities  of  the  ancient  Britons, 
li  in  the  early  Saxon  period  became  the 
second  bishopric  in  Mercia.  The  troops 
of  Cromwell  here  obtained  a  decisive  vic- 
tory over  those  of  Charles  II.,  Sept.  3, 
1651.  Lord  Somers  was  born  at  Worces- 
ter in  1652. II.  two  cos.  of  the  U.  S. 

^III.  in  centre  of  Mass.     Area  1,500 

sq.  m.    P.  130,789.    Cap.  Worcester. 

IV.  in  S.E.  part  of  Maryland.  Area  700 
sq.  m.     P.  18,859.    Cap.  Snow  Hill.: 

V.  a  town,  Mass.,  cap.  co.,  38  miles  S.W. 
Boston.  P.  17,049.  It  is  in  a  fertile  & 
well-cultivated  dist.,  &  is  one  of  the  finest 
towns  in  the  N.  part  of  the  Union.  It 
has  a  handsome  court-house,  state  luna- 
tic asylum,  hall  of  the  American  Anti- 
quarian Society,  with  a  valuable  library ; 
also,  woollen,  cotton,  paper,  &  machine 
factories,  printing  offices,  &  an  active 
trade.  It  communicates  by  railway  with 
Albany,  &  with  Norwich,  Conn. ;  by  the 
Blackstone  canal ;  &  by  steamers  daily 

with  New  York. VI.  a  tnshp.  of  N.  Y., 

57  m.  S.W.  Albany.    P.  2,390. VII.  a 

township  of  Pa.,  89  m.  E.  Harrisburg. 
P.  1,200. 

WoBCESTEESHiRE,  an  inland  co.  of 
England,  with  a  very  irregular  outline, 
&  many  detached  portions.  Area  763 
sq.  m.    P.  258,762. 

WoRDiNGBORG,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on 
the  S.  coast  of  the  isl.  Seeland.     P.  1,500. 

Workington,  a  seaport  town,  township 
of  England,  co.  Cumberland,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Derwent.  P.  6,994.  Working- 
ton-hall,  the  fine  castellated  mansion  of 
the  Curwen  family,  on  a  wooded  height 
above  the  town,  was  a  refuge  of  Mary 
Queen  of  Scots  after  her  flight  from  Lang- 
side. 

36 


Worksop,  a  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  &  25  m.  N.  Nottingham,  on  the  Ey- 
ton.    P.  19,210. 

WoRKUM,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
near  the  Zuyder-Zee.     P.  3,193. 

WoRLiTZ,  a  town  of  Germany,  near 
the  Elbe,  &  on  a  small  lake,  9  miles  E. 
Dessau.     P.  1,867. 

WoRMDiTT,  a  town  of  E.  Prussia,  ou 
the  Drewenz.     P.  3,470. 

Worms,  a  city  of  W.  Germany,  26  m. 
S.E.  Mayence,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Rhine,  here 
crossed  by  a  flying  bridge.  P.  9,400.  It 
was  formerly  an  imperial  city,  &  is  very 
ancient,  having  existed  before  the  arri- 
val of  the  Romans.  It  ha^d  a  palace  in 
which  Charlemagne  often  resided.  la 
the  i3th  century  its  pop.  is  said  to  have 
amounted  to  60,000.  Among  many  diets 
held  at  Worms,  the  most  celebrated  is 
that  of  1495,  convoked  by  Maximilian 
i. ;  &  that  of  1521,  before  which  Luther 
appeared. 

Worringen,  a  mkt.  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  9  m.  N.N.W.  Cologne,  on  1.  b. 
of  the  Rhine.     P.  1,905. 

WoRRSTADT,  a  mkt.  town  of  Germany, 
Hessen- Darmstadt,  cap.  co.,  13  m.  S.S.W. 
Mayence.     P.  1,630. 

WoRSLEY,  a  to^vnship  of  England,  co. 
Lancaster.     P.  8,337. 

WORTEGHEM  &   WORTEL,   tWO  viUs.  Of 

Belgium. 

Worth,  two  market  towns  of  Bavaria. 

Worthing,  a  marit.  town  of  England, 
CO.  Sussex,  on  the  English  channel.  P. 
4,702.  Its  rise  from  an  insignificant  vill. 
into  a  favorite  watering-place,  was  due 
to  the  visits  of  George  III. 

WoRTHiwGTON,  towu,  Hampshire  co. 
Mass.     P.  1,197. 

WoRTLEY,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
York,  W.  Riding.     P.  7,090. 

WoscHiTz  (Jung),  a  town  of  Bohe- 
mia, 11  m.  N.E.  Tabor.     P.  1,820. 

Wossingen,  a  mkt.  town  of  Baden, 
circ.  Middle  Rhine,  9  m.  E.  Carlsruhe. 
P.  1,597. 

WosTiTz  &  WoTiTz,  two  towus  of  the 
Austrian  empire. 

Wotton-under-Edge,  a  market  town 
of  England,  co.  Gloucester.     P.  4,702. 

WouBRicHEM,  a  strongly  fortfd.  town 
of  the  Netherlands,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Maas  &  Waal.     P.  1,220. 

Wouw,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  N.  Brabant.     P.  2,500. 

WoYSLAWicE,  a  town  of  Poland,  50  m. 
E.S.E.  Lublin.     P.  2,000. 

Wrangel,  an  island  of  Russia,  gov. 
Esthonia,  in  the  gulf  of  Finland,  15  m. 
N.E.  Revel.     P.  1,100. 


842 


CVCLOP^DIA    OF    GEOGRAPHV. 


[WUB 


Wrath  (Cape),  the  most  N.  point  of 
Sutherlandshire,  Scotl.  It  has  a  pyra- 
midal granitic  rock,  on  which  is  a  light- 
'  Souse,  which  shows  a  revolving  light  400 
feet  above  the  sea. 

Wkeak,  a  river  of  England,  co.  Lei- 
cester, joins  the  Soar  near  Rothley.  To- 
tal course,  25  m. 

Wrentham,  a  township,  Norfolk  co. 
Mass.,  23  m.  S.S.W.  Boston.     P.  2,915. 

Wreschen,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
30  m.  E.S.E.  Posen.    P.  3,040. 

Wrexham,  a  town,  pa.,  &  two  town- 
ships of  N.  AVales,  chiefly  in  co.  Denbigh. 
The  church,  formerly  collegiate,  is  a  fine 
edifice  of  the  time  of  Henry  VII.,  178 
feet  in  length,  72  feet  in  width,  with  a 
highly  decorated  tower,  135  ft.  in  height, 
a  fine  altar-piece,  &  several  good  monu- 
ments.    P,  42,295. 

Wrietzen,  a  walled  town  of  Prussia, 
on  an  arm  of  the  Oder.     P.  5,930. 

Wright,  a  co.,  in  S.W.  part  of  Mis- 
souri.   Area,  1,370  sq.  m.     P.  3,387. 

11.  town,  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y.     P.  1,716. 

Wrightstown,  t.,  Bucks  co.  Pa.  P. 
800. 

Wrightsville,  p-b.,  York  CO.  Pa.  P. 
700.  Communicates  with  Columbia  by  a 
bridge  5,690  feet  long  across  the  Susque- 
hanna. 

Wrightington,  a  township  of  Engl., 
CO.  Lancaster.     P.  1,771. 

AVroclawek,  a  town  of  Poland,  gov. 
Warsaw,  on  1.  bank  of  the  Vistula.  P. 
1,400. 

-  Wronke,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
30  m.  N.W.  Posen,  on  the  Wartha.  P. 
2,300. 

WszETiN,  a  town  of  Moravia.  P. 
2  850. 

WuDD,  a  small  town  of  Beloochistan, 
prov.  Jhalawan,  in  the  plain  of  Wudd. 
—  Wudnee  is  a  fort  of  JST.W.  India.  P. 
2,000. 

WuDWAN,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presid.  Bombay. 

Wuerdale,  a  township  of  Engl.,  co. 
Lancaster.     P.  6,875. 

WuLLERSDORF,  a  mkt.  town  of  Lower 
Austria,  on  the  Schmieda.     P.  1,700. 

WiJMME,  a  river  of  N.  Germany,  Han- 
over, after  a  W.-ward  course  of  upwards 
of  75  m.,  joins  the  Weser. 

Wunga,  a  small  town  of  Scinde,  on  the 
E.  branch  of  the  Indus. 

W^unnenberg,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Westphalia.    P.  1,300. 

WtJNNEWYL,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland. 
P.  2,000. 

WiJNscHELBURG,  a  Walled  town  of 
Prussian  Silesia.     P.  1,445. 


WuNsDORF,  a  town  of  Hanover,  13  m. 
W.N.W.  Hanover.     P.  1,954. 

WuNsiEDEL,  a  walled  town  of  Bavaria, 
on  the  llossla.  P.  3,900.  It  has  manufs. 
of  woollen  yarn  &  woven  fabrics,  <fc  a 
monument  to  Jean  Paul  Richter,  who 
was  born  here.' 

WiJEBENTHAL,  a  town  of  Austrian  Si- 
lesia, on  the  Oppa.     P.  1,359. 

WuHDAH,  a  river  of  India,  flows  tor- 
tuously S.E.  through  the  centre  of  the 
Deccan,  &  joins  the  Godavery.  Total 
course,  300  m. 

WuRM-sEE,  a  lake  of  Upper  Bavaria, 
15  m.  S.S.W.  Munich.  L.  S.  to  N.,  12 
m.,  br.  varies  to  4  m. 

WiJBTEMBERG  (KiNGDOM  Or),  a  stato 
of  S.W.  Germany,  bounded  E.  by  Bava- 
ria, S.  by  the  lake  of  Constance,  S.W., 
W.,  &  N.  by  Baden ;  cap.  Stuttgart.  L. 
140  m.,  breadth  20  to  100  m.  Area,  7,658 
sq.  m.  P.  1,743,827.  The  territory  be- 
longs to  the  basins  of  the  Rhine  &  Dan- 
ube. The  principal  mineral  products 
are  iron  &  coal,  which  are  abundant. 
Silver,  copper,  cobalt,  &  lead  are  found 
in  small  quantities ;  &  there  are  quarries 
of  excellent  building  stones  &  marble. 
Wiirtemberg  has  a  great  many  mineral 
springs ;  the  best  frequented  baths  are 
those  of  Wildbad,the  only  thermal  springs 
in  the  territory.  Salt  is  an  important 
product.  Manufactures  are  unimportant. 
Wiirtemberg  is  a  constitutional  repre- 
sentative kingdom.  The  pop.  is  almost 
exclusively  German.  The  army  consists 
of  19, 170  men  in  time  of  war,  &  8,020  in 
time  of  peace  ;  every  male  subject  is  li- 
able to  serve  from  the  age  of  25  to  31. 
The  citadel  of  Hohen-zoUern  is  the  only 
fortress.  Revenue,  10,869,808  Rhenish 
florins;  expenditure,  10,711,200  florins. 
Debt,  31,603,095  florins.  In  the  15th 
century  the  county  of  Wiirtemberg  in 
Swabia,  was  erected  into  a  duchy  by  the 
emperor  Maximilian ;  this  was  greatly 
extended  by  Napoleon,  who  created  it 
an  electorate  in  1803,  &  gave  to  its  sov- 
ereign the  title  of  king  in  1806. 

WuRZACH,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  35 
m.  S.  Ulm.  P.  \fih2.—  Wurzbach  is  a 
vill.  of  Reuss-Schleiz.     P.  1,460. 

WiJRZBURG,  a  fortified  town  of  Bavaria, 
140  m.  N.W.  Munich,  on  rt.  bank  of  the 
Main.  P.  26,814,  including  4,563  mili- 
tary. Among  its  many  ancient  edifices 
are  a  cathedral  of  the  8th  century,  the 
Marietikirche,  &  the  royal  palace,  for- 
merly residence  of  the  bishops,  built  on 
the  plan  of  the  palace  of  Versailles,  with 
fine  gardens.  Its  university,  founded 
1403,  has  a  library  of  100,000  vols. 


xen] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


843 


WcTHZEN,  a  walled  town  of  Saxony,  15 
E.  Leipzig,  on  the  Mulde.  P.  4,145. — 
Wiistensachsen  is  a  market  town,  of  Ba- 
varia.    P.  1,160. 

WusTERHAusEN,  a  walled  town  of 
Prussia,  on  an  isl.inthe  Dosse.  P.  2,800. 

II.  a  market  town  on  the  Notte,  18 

m.  S.E.  Berlin. 

WusTWEZEL,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  14  m. 
N.E.  Antwerp.     P.  1,700. 

Wyalusing,  a  township,  Penn.,  on 
Wj'alusing  creek,  an  affl.  of  the  Susque- 
hanna, 105  m.  N.  Harrisburg.  P.  1,400. 
Wyandot,  a  co.  Ohio.  P.  11,292. 
Wycliffe,  a  pa.  of  England,  eo.  York, 
N.  Riding.  P.  165.  In  the  rectory- 
house  is  a  fine  portrait  of  Wycliflfe  the 
reformer,  who  is  believed  to  have  been 
born  here  in  1325. 

Wycombe  (Chipping,  or  High),  a 
munic.  bor.,  &  market  town  of  England, 
CO.  Buckingham. 

Wye,  a  river  of  England  &  Wales,  en- 
ters the  estuary  of  the  Severn  2  m.  S. 
Chepstow.  Total  course  130  m.,  for  70 
of  which,  to  Hereford,  it  is  frequently- 
navigable  for  vessels  of  40  tons  burden, 
&  to  Hay,  100  m.  from  the  Severn,  for 
small  craft. II.  r.,  Md.,  enters  Chesa- 
peake bay. III.  a  vill.  of  England,  co. 

Kent.     P.  1,648.  ■ 

Wyk,  a  seaport  vill.  of  Denmark, 
duehj'  Schleswig,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the 
island  Fohr.     P.  800. 

Wyk,  numerous  pas.  &  vills.  of  the 
Netherlands. 

Wyl,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  on  the 
Thur,  with  2,126  inhabs. 

Wymondham,  a  market  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Norfolk.     P.  5,179. 

Wynaad,  a  small  dist.  of  Brit.  India, 
presid.  Bombay. 

Wyne-gunga,  a  river  of  India,  Dec- 
can,  joins  the  Wurdah,  20  m.  S.  Chamoo- 
ry.     Total  course  230  m. 

Wyoming,  cos.  of  the   U.  S. 1,  in 

W.  part  of  New  York  state,  cap.  Warsaw. 

Area, •500  sq.  miles.      P.  31,981. II. 

Penn.,  in  its  N.E.  part.     Area,  480  sq.  m. 

P.  10,665. III.  CO.  W.  Va.    P.  1,645. 

IV.   a  vill.,  New  York,  on  Allen's 

creek,  co.  Wyoming.     P.  600. 

Wyraghuk,  a  town  of  India,  Deccan, 
dom.  ~ 

Wyke,  a  river  of  England,  formed  by 
many  small  moorland  streams,  joins  the 
Irish  sea. 

Wysox,  a  township,  Bradford  co.  Pa., 
on  Wysox  creek,  136  m.  N.  Harrisburg. 
P.  1,871. 

Wystyten,  a  town  of  Poland,  on  the 
Prussian  frontier.     P.  1,600. 


Wyszkow  &  Wyszgoeod,  two  small 
towns  of  Poland,  gov.  Plock. —  Wysztynie 
is  a  town,  30  m.  N.W.  Seyny.     P.  1,600. 

Wythe,  a  co.  in  S.W.  part  of  Virginia. 
Area,  700  sq.  miles.  P.  12,024.— Cap. 
Wytheville.    P.  450. 

Wytikon,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
&  3  m.  S.E.  Zurich.  The  French  &  Aus- 
trians  fought  here  in  June  1799. 

Wytoonee,  one  of  the  Disappoint- 
ment isls.,  in  the  Pacific  ocean.    L.  5  m. 

X. 

Xagua,  or  Jagua,  a  river  of  Central 
Amer.,  state  Honduras,  enters  the  Carib- 
bean sea,  10  m.  W.S.W.  Truxillo,  after 
a  N.  course  of  120  m. 

Xalisco,  a  marit.  state  of  the  Mexi- 
can confed.,  having  W.  the  Pacific  ocean, 
cap.  Guadalaxara.  Estim.  area,  70,000 
sq.  m.  P.  870,000.  Principal  towns  be- 
sides Guadalaxara,  San  Bias  &  Colima. 
— The  vill.  Xalisco  is  on  the  Pacific,  130 
m.  W.  Guadalaxara. 

Xalon,  a  river  of  Spain,  Aragon,  flows 
E.  &  joins  the  Xiloco  ;  the  united  stream 
enters  the  Ebro. 

Xamiltepec,  a  market  town  of  the 
Mexican  confed.,  dep.  &  75  m.  S.W.  Oax- 
aca,  near  the  Pacific  ocean.     P.  4,000. 

Xandee  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Charente  Inf     P.  1,126. 

Xanten,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
reg.  Diisseldorf,  15  m.  S.E.  Cleves.  P. 
3,080. 

Xanthi,  a  mountain  of  European  Tur- 
key, Rumili. 

Xanthus^  an  anc.  city,  Asia-Minor, 
the  remains  of  which,  on  E.  bank  of  the 
riv.  Etchenchay  (anc.  Xanthiis),  20  miles 
S^E.  -Makri,  consist  of  temples  &  tombs, 
having  elaborate  bas-reliefs. 

Xapeco,  a  river  of  Brazil,  joins  the 
Pelotas  to  form  the  Uruguay. 

Xarama,  a  river  of  Spain,  prov.  Gua- 
dalaxara, joins  the  Henares,  after  a  S! 
course  of  60  miles. 

Xaverov,   a  market  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  on  the  Kameuka.     P.  1,500. 
Xavier  (St.),  an  isl.  off  the  W.eoast  of 

Patagonia,  in  the  gulf  of  Peiias. II. 

a  river  of  Upper  California,  tributary  to 

the  Colorado III.  Plata  confed.,    90 

m.  N.N.E.   Santa    Pe. IV.   Bolivia, 

prov.  &  130  m.  N.N.E.  Santa  Cruz,  on  an 
affl.  of  the  Mamore. — ^V.  {del  Bad),  a 
vQl.  of  the  Mexican  confederation,  dep. 
Sonora. 

Xenday,  a  marit.  town  of  Japan,  on 
Xenday  bay,  E.  coast  of  Niphon. 


844 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHV. 


[yam 


Xenia  ,  a  township,  Ohio,  cap.  Greene 
CO.,  48  m.  W.S.W.  Columbus.  P.  7,055, 
1,200  are  in  a  vill. 
Xenil,  or  Genil,  a  river  of  Spain. 
Xeres  (de  la  Frontera),  a  city  of 
Spain,  prov.  &  13  m.  N.N.E.  Cadiz,  near 
rt.  b.  of  the  Guadalete.  P.  33,104.  The 
old  part  of  the  town  has  narrow  &  crook- 
ed streets,  but  the  more  modern  portion 
is  well  built.  It  has  manufs.  of  woollen 
cloths  &  leather,  &  one  of  its  chief  pe- 
culiarities is  its  numerous  bodegas,  or 
wine  stores ;  its  commerce  consists  ex- 
clusively in  the  export  of  excellent  sherry 
wines. 
Xeres,  a  town  of  Spain,  43  miles  E. 

Granada.     P.    1,700. II.    a  town  of 

Central  Amer.,  state  Honduras. 

Xeres-de-los-Caballeros,  a  town  of 
Spain,  35  m.  S.  Badajoz.  P.  5,628. 
Birth-place  of  the  celebrated  navigator 
Vasquez  de  Balbao. 

Xbros  (Gulf  of),  European  Turkey, 
Rumili,  is  an  inlet  of  the  ^gean  sea.  L. 
40  m,  br.  at  entrance  20  m. 

Xerta,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the  Ebro. 
P.  2,000. 

Xertigny,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
Prance,  dep.  Vosges.     P.  3,871. 

Xexui,  a  river  of  Paraguay,  S.  Amer., 
near  the  centre  of  the  state,  joins  the 
river  Paraguay,  after  a  W.  course  of  120 
miles. 

Xilo-Castron,  a  maritime  vill.  of 
Greece,  gov.  &  24  m.  W.N.W.  Corinth. 

XiMANi,  a  suburb  of  the  city  of  Car- 
tagena, New  Grenada. 

XiMENA,  two  market  towns  of  Spain. 
XiMO,  one  of  the  Japanese  islands. 
XiNGU,  a  river  of  Brazil,  &  one  of  the 
chief  tributaries  of  the  Amazon,  after  a 
N.  course  of  1,300  m.  joins  the  Amazon. 
XioNz,  a  small  town  of  Prussian  Po- 
land.    P.  1,104. 

Xiz,  Arabian  name  of  the  fire  temple 
&  city  Atropatenian  Ecbatana. 

Xochimilco  &  XocHiTEPEc,  two  viUs., 

Confed.  &  dep.  Mexico. — Xochicalco  is  a 

ruined  pyramid,  15  m.  from  Cuernavaca. 

XoRULLO,  a  volcano  of  the  Mexican 

confed. 

XuANDAi,  a  fine  harbor  of  Anam,  Fur- 
ther India. 

XucAR,  a  riv.  of  Spain.  [  Jucar]  The 
Xucaray  is  a  riv.  tributary  to  the  Ama- 
zon. 

XuLLA,  a  group  in  the  Malay  archi- 
pelago, 70  m.  E.  Celebes. 

XvNARA,  a  vill.  of  the  island  Tinos, 
Grecian  archipelago. 


Y. 


Y  (Dutch,  Het'y),  a  branch  of  the 
Zuyder-Zee,  Netherlands,  extending  in- 
land 16  m. 

Yablonoi  Mountains,  a  chain  in  E. 
Asia. 

Yadkin,  a  riv.  of  N.  Carolina,  flows  E. 
&  S.,  &  receives  Rocky  river,  their  junc- 
tion forming  the  Great  Pedee. 

Yafa,  a  town  of  Palestine.     [Jaffa.] 

II.  a  vill.  of  Palestine,  pash.  Acre, 

2  m.  S.E.Nazareth,  probably  the  Japhia 
of  Scripture. 

Yagua  &  Yaguache,  two  vills.  of  S. 
America. 

Yagui,  a  river  of  the  Mexican  confed., 
dep.  Sonora,  enters  the  gulf  of  California, 
25  m.  S.B.  Guaymas,  after  a  course  of 
400  m. 

Yakuno  Sima,  an  island  of  Japan,  40 
m.  S.  Kiusiu.     L.  20  m.,  br.  8  m. 

Yakutsk,  a  vast  prov.  of  Siberia,  oc- 
cupying most  of  its  E.  half  from  lat.  54° 
N.  P.  estimated  at  248,000,  with  5,000 
E-ussians  &  Cossacks,  half  of  whom  re- 
side in  the  cap.  town.  Coal  is  stated  to 
exist  in  some  places  on  the  Upper  Lena. 
Principal  trade  is  in  furs  &  walrus  teeth. 
Yakutsk,  a  t.  &  the  great  commercial 
emporium  of  E.  Siberia,  cap.  above  prov., 
on'the  Lena.  Estimated  p.  4,500,  half 
of  whom  are  Russians,  &  the  rest  native 
Yakuts  &  others.  It  stands  on  le^el 
ground,  &  consists  of  about  400  wooden 
dwellings  of  one  story.  In  some  years 
furs  to  the  value  of  2,500,000  roubles 
have  been  collected  for  its  annual  fair. 

Yalabusha,  a  central  eo.  Miss.  Cap 

Coffeeville.    Area,  720  sq.  m.     P.  14,418. 

I^ali,  a  small  isl.  off  the  S.E.  coast  of 

Asia-Minor,  at  the  entrance  of  the  gulf 

of  Kos. 

Yalo,  a  vill.  of  Palestine,  pash.  Gaza, 
on  a  hill,  12  m.  N.W.  Jerusalem,  &  sup- 
posed by  Robinson  to  occupy  the  site  of 
the  ancient  Ajalon.  ^ 

Ya-long-kiang,  two  rivers  of  the  Chi- 
nese  empire. 1.  East  Tibet  &  China 

after  a  generally  S.  course  of  600  m.  joins 

the   Kin-clia-kiang. II.    Corea,  flows 

TV.  &  enters  the  Yellow  sea.  Course,  130 
m. — The  Ya- lou- kiang  &ows  S.W.,  &  en- 
ters the  Yellow  sea,  after  a  course  esti- 
mated at  300  m. 

Yalta,   a  handsome  modern   seaport 
town  of  Russia,  on  S.  shore  of  the  Crimea. 
Yalutorovsk,  a  town  of  Siberia,  120 
m.  S.S.W.  Tobolsk.     P.  2,000. 

Yam,  Hill  co.  Oregon.     P.  1,512. 
_  Yamina,  a    town  of  Central  Africa, 


var] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


845 


state   Bambarra,  on  the  Joliba  river. — 
YamTnie  is  a  town  of  the  Ashantee  dom. 

Yamparaes,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  dep.  & 
20  m.  N.E.  Sucre. 

Yamsk,  a  marit.  town  of  E.  Siberia,  on 
the  gulf  of  Yamsk. 

Yana,  a  considerable  river  of  E.  Si- 
beria, enters  the  Arctic  ocean  by  numer- 
ous mouths.     L.  700  m. 

Yanaon,  a  vill.  &  one  of  the  French 
colonial  possessions  in  India,  on  its  E.  or 
Coromandel  coast,  at  the  delta  of  the 
Godavery  river.  Its  dist.,  extending  for 
6  m.  along  the  Godavery,  has  an  area  of 
8,147  acres.     P.  6,829. 

Yancey,  a  W.  co.  N.  C.  Area,  1,760 
sq.  m.     P.  8,205.     Cap.  Burnsvillfl. 

Yanceyville,  p-v, cap. Caswell  co.N  C. 

Yandabo,  a  town  of  Burmah,  on  1.  b. 
of  the  Irrawadi. —  Yangain-chain-ija  is  a 
t.  of  Pegu  on  the  Irrawadi,  in  its  delta. 

Yang- HO,  a  river  of  China,  unites  with 
the  Sang-kan-ha,  25  m.  S.B.,  to  form  the 
Hoen-ho  river. 

Yang-tchou,   a  city  of    China,  cap. 
dep.,  on   the  Imperial  canal,  50  m.  N.B. 
« Nanking.  It  is  stated  to  be  5  m.  in  circ, 
&  to  have  a  large  trade  in  salt. 

Yang-tze-kiang,  a  large  river  of 
China,  its  course  lying  S.  of  that  of  an- 
other great  river,  the  Hoang-ho.  Total 
course  estimated  at  2,500.  The  tide  as- 
cends it  to  the  lake  Po-yang,  450  miles 
from  the  sea,  beyond  which  it  is  navi- 
gable for  250  m.,  &  it  may  be  navigated 
to  200  m.  from  its  mouth,  by  ships  of  the 
largest  class.  Coal  is  said  to  be  plenti- 
ful in  many  places  along  its  banks. 

Yani,  a  sta.  of  W.  Africa,  Senegambia, 
on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Grambia  river. 
Principal  towns,  Pisania,  Yannemaru, 
Kartabar,  &  Kontata. 

Yanik,  a  fertile  dist.  of  Asia-Minor. 

Yanina,  a  city  of  European  Turkey, 
cap.  prov.  Epirus,  on  the  AV.  side  of  the 
lake  of  Yanina,  44  m.  N.  Arta.  P.  36,000, 
of  whom  20,000  are  Greeks,  &  from  6,000 
to  7,000  Jews.  It  was  much  more  popu- 
lous before  1820,  when  it  was  burned 
down  by  order  of  Ali  Pasha. — The  Lake 
of  Yanina  is  5  m.  in  length,  by  3  m.  in 
greatest  breadth. 

Yannemaru,  a  town  of  Soiiegambia, 
"W.  Africa. 

Yan-phing,  a  city  of  China,  on  the 
Min  riv.,  90  m.  N.W.  Foo-chow,  &  stated 
to  be  one  of  the  handsomest  cities  in  the 
empire. 

Yan-tchou,  two  cities  of  China. 

Yantic,  a  river  of  the  U.  S.,  Connecti- 
cut, joins  the  Thames  at  Norwich,  after 
a  S.W.  course  of  15' m. 


Yao-an,  a  city  of  China,  cap.  dep.,  95 
miles  W.N.W.  Yun-nan.  It  is  stated  to 
have  a  large  trade  in  musk,  &  in  salt 
produced  from  a  lake  in  its  vicinity. — 
Yao-tchou  is  a  city,  on  a  river  near  its 
mouth,  in  the  lake  Po-yang. 

Yaoori,  a  large  town  of  Centr.  Africa, 
cap.  a  state  on  1.  b.  of  the  Quorra,  65  m. 
N.  Boussa. 

Yap,  one  of  the  Caroline  islands,  Pa- 
cific ocean.     L.  9  m. 

Yappah,  a  river  of  N.  Australia,  flow- 
ing into  the  S.E.  angle  of  the  gulf  of 
Carpentaria. 

Yapura,  a  river  of  S.  America,  flows 
E.  &  joins  the  Amazon,  after  a  course  of 
900  m.  in  a  part  of  which  it  forms  the 
boundary  between  Brazil  &  Ecuador. 

Yaque,  a  mountain  peak,  &  two  rivs. 
of  Hayti. 

Yar  and  Yare,  two  rivers  of  England. 
.; — I.  in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  enters  the  So- 
lent.  II.  enters  the  N.  sea. 

Yaracuy,  a  navig.  river  of  S.  America, 
Venezuela,,  after  a  N.W  course  of  80  m. 
enters  the  gulf  of  Triste. 

Yarapason,  a  vill.  of  Asia- Minor,  on 
iihe  Kizil-Irmak. 

Yarkand,  a  flourishing  city,  &  the 
cap.  of  Chinese  Turkestan,  in  a  fertile 
nlain  on  the  Yarkund  river,  in  lat.  38° 
i9'  N.,  Ion.  76°  7'  45"  E.  P.  stated  to 
comprise  30,000  families,  of  from  5  to  10 
persons  each,  besides  about  7,000  Chinese 
troops.  The  city,  enclosed  by  an  earth 
rampart,  &  entered  by  five  gateways,  has 
extensive  suburbs,  houses  built  of  stone 
&  clay,  many  canals  intersecting  its 
streets,  two  large  bazaars,  numerous 
mosques,  &  about  a  dozen  Mohammedan 
colleges. —  Yarkand  river  rises  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  Karakorum  mountains,  flows 
mostly  N.E.,  &  unites  with  the  Kashgar, 
Aksu,  &  Khoten  rivs.,  to  form  the  Tarim, 
which  finally  enters  a  lake  of  the  desert 
Gobi.^   Total  course,  500  m. 

Yarm,  a  market  town  of  England,  co. 
York,  N.  Riding,  on  the  Tees.  P.  1,511. 
Yarmouth  (Great),  a  munic.  bor.  & 
seaport  town  of  England,  co.  Norfolk.  P. 
26,898.  It  stands  on  a  narrow  slip  of 
land  between  the  sea  &  the  river  Yare, 
across  which  it  communicates  by  a  draw- 
bridge With  South-town,  or  Little  Yar- 
mouth, &  with  Gorlestone.  The  town 
was  enclosed  by  an  ancient  wall.  It  con- 
sists chiefly  of  four  parallel  streets,  &  a 
number  of  cross  lanes.  Along  the  river 
a  handsome  quay  extends  for  about  1  m. 
The  harbor,  formed  by  the  Yare,  is  ac- 
cessible by  vessels  of  200  tons,  &  Yar- 
mouth has   an  extensive    trade    iu  the 


846 


CYCLOP  .fiUIA     OF    LJKOGHAl'HV, 


[yel 


export  of  agricultui-al  produce,  malt,  her- 
rings, &  other  fish,  to  the  Mediterranean 
&  the  W.  Indies.  It  is  the  priijcipal  seat 
of  the  English  herring  fishery,  which 
employs  about  250  vessels  belonging  to 
the  port,  &  about  3,000  hands,  including 
curers. — —II.  a  marit.  &  market  town, 
Isle  of  "Wight,  on  its  N.W.  coast,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Yar.  P.  567.-- — III.  a 
township,  Barnstable  eo.  Mass.,  on  Cape 
Cod,  65  m.  S.E.  Boston.  P.  2,595,  chiefly 
employed  in  fisheries. 

Yahra-Y-arra,  a  river  of  the  British 
Australian  colony  Victoria. 

Yarriba,  a  state  of  Central  Africa, 
Guinea,  near  the  Niger. 

Yarrow,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  Sel- 
kirk, flows  mostly  E.-vvard,  &  joins  the 
Ettrick.     L.  25  m. 

Yasi-Koi,  a  large  vill.  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia,  &  containing  300  houses  of 
Mohammedans,  &  75  do.  Greek  Christ'ns. 

Yass,  a  town  of  New  South  Wales,  E. 
Australia.     P.  274. 

Yassy,  or  Jassy,  the  cap.  town  of 
Moldavia,  is  situated  on  an  affl.  of  the 
Pruth,  in  a  plain  surrounded  by  low  hills, 
200  m.  N.N.E.  Bucharest.  Its  houses 
cover  a  large  space,  being  interspersed 
with  gardens.     P.  20,000  (7) 

Yates,  a  co.  near  the  centre-  of  New 
York  state,  between  Seneca  &  Canan- 
daigua  lakes.  Area,  320  sq.  m.  P. 
20,590.  Cap.  Pennyan. 'II.  p-t.;  Or- 
leans CO.  N.  Y.     P.  2,230. 

Yauco,  a  small  town  of  Porto-Rieo, 
near  the  S.  coast  of  the  island.  P.  2,650. 
—  Yautepec  is  a  vill.,  confed.,  dep.  &  40 
m.  S.S.E.  Mexico. 

Yazoo,  a  river,  Mississippi,  joins  the 
Mississippi,  45  m.  W.N.W.  Jackson,  after 
a  S.W.  course  of  220  m.,  for  50  of  which 

it  is  navigable  for  large  boats. II.  a 

central  co.  Miss.     Area,  660  sq.  m.     P. 
14,418.     Cap.  Benton. 

Yazoo  City,  p-v.,  Yazoo  co.     P.  800. 

Yba,  a  marit.  vill.  of  the  island  Luzon, 
'  Philippines. 

Years  (St.),  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  France,  dep.  Ariege.  P.  2,328.— St. 
Ybart  is  a  comm.  &  vill.,  dep.  Correze. 
P.  1,557. 

Ybeha,  a  large  marshy  lake  of  South 
America,  Plata  confed. 

Yberg,  a  vill.  of  Switzerland,  with 
medicinal  springs.     P.  1,500. 

Ybicuy,  a  riv.  of  S.  America,  Uruguay, 
rises  on  the  Brazilian  frontier,  &  joins 
the  Paraguay.     L.  200  m. 

YcAcos  (Cape),  a  headland  on  the  N. 
coast  of  Cuba,  bounding  the  bay  of  Ma- 
tanzas  on  the  N  E. 


Ye,  a  town  of  British  India,  presid. 
Bengal,  on  the  river  Ye. — The  Ye  river 
has  a  short  course,  but  is  navigable  by 
boats  for  about  20  miles. 

Yeadon,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
York,  W.  Riding.     P.  3,379. 

YebEnes,  a  market  town  of  Spain,  21 
m.  S.  Toledo.     P.  3,063. 

Yeblehon,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-Inf.     P.  1,187.    ' 

Yebuah,  a  small  &  lofty  island  in  the 
Red  sea,  off  the  Arabian  coast. 

Yecla,  a  town  of  Spain,  44  miles  N. 
Murcia.     P.  9,333. 

Yedo,  Yeddo,  or  Jeddo,  a  city  &  the 
second  cap.  of  Japan,  it  being  the  resi- 
dence of  the  Sio-gun,  or  military  emperor, 
on  the  gulf  of  Yedo,  S.E.  coast  of  the  isl. 
Niphon.  Lat.  35°  40'  N.,  Ion.  139°  40' 
E.  P.  700,000.(7)  It  is  stated  to  be  en- 
closed by  a  trench,  &  intersected  by  nu- 
merous canals  &  branches  of  a  river, 
navigable  for  vessels  of  moderate  burden. 
It  has  a  fortified  palace  with  very  exten- 
sive grounds,  many  noble  residences 
ornamented  externally  with  sculptures 
&  painting,  some  large  temples  &  other 
public  edifices,  &  numerous  conventual 
establishments ;  but  its  dwellings  are 
mostly  of  wood,  &  it  suffers  frequently 
from  destructive  fires.  Outside  of  the 
city  are  two  large  suburbs. — The  gulf  of 
Yedo  is  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific  ocean.  L. 
S.  to  N.  70  m.  breadth  at  entrance,  40 
miles.  At  its  N.  extremity  are  the  city 
Yedo  &  the  mouths  of  several  rivers. 

Yejubbi,  a  large  commercial  town  of 
S.  Abyssinia. 

Yell,  one  of  the  Shetland  islands,  Scot- 
land, the  second  of  the  group  in  size.  L. 
17  m. ;  extreme  breadth,  7*  m.  Area,  94 
sq^  m.  P.  including  the  island  Fetlar, 
3,450.— II.  a  N.W.  co.  Afk.  Area, 
936  sq.  m.     P.  3,441.     Cap.  Danville. 

Yellow  Creek,  a  river,  Mississippi, 
joins  the  Yazoo,  after  a  S.W.  course  of 
70.  miles— The  Yellow-knife,  British  N. 
Amer.,  W.  territory,  enters  the  Great 
Slave  Lake.  L.  130  ra.—  YelloiD  Ricer 
is  the  name  of  a  river  in  Indiana,  &  of 
several  streams  in  Ireland. 

Yellow  Sea,  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific 
ocean,  in  E.  Asia.. 

Yellow  Springs,  a  highly  pictur- 
esque watering-place,  Ohio,  S.W.  Colum- 
bus. Its  springs  are  sulphurous,  &  re- 
sorted to  annually  by  many  visitors. 

Yellowstone,  a  river,  U.  S.,  &  one 
of  the  principal  affls.  or  head  streauis  of 
the  Missouri,  rises  in  lake  Eustis,  imme- 
diately E.  the  Rock}'  mountains,  lat.  4J° 
20'  N.,   Ion.   109°, 30'  W.,  flows  N.E.  & 


YLS] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


847 


joins  the  Missouri,  after  a  serpentine 
course  of  700  m. 

Yembo,  a  maritime  town  of  Arabia, 
Hedjaz,  on  a  low,  sandy,  &  bare  tract, 
near  the  Red  sea,  130  m.  S.W.  Medina, 
of  which  city  it  is  the  port.'  It  consists 
of  about  1,500  houses. 

Yemen,  a  country  of  Arabia,  in  the 
S.W.,  forming  the  chief  part  of  the  an- 
cient Arabia  Felix. 

Yengi-Hissah,  a  town  of  Chinese 
Turkestan. 

Yeni-bazar,  a  mkt.  town  of  European 
Turkey,  Bulgaria,  14  m.  N.E.  Shumla. 

Yenidje,  numerous  small  towns  of 
European  Turkey. 

Yenijah,  several  vills.  of  W.  Asia. 

Yenikale,  a  fortified  t.  of  S.  Russia, 
gov.  Taurida,  Crimea,  on  the  N.W.  point 
of  the  peninsular  of  Kertsch.     P.  1,700. 

Yenikale  (Strait  or),  anc.  (^Cimme- 
rian Bosporus),  the  strait  connecting 
the  sea  of  Azov  with  the  Black  sea.  L. 
20  m.,  br.  8  to  10  m.  Where  shallowest, 
it  is  stated'  to  be  only  13  feet  in  depth. 
The  town  Yenikale  is  on  its  W.  side. 

Yenisei,  one  of  the  great  rivers  of  N. 
Asia,  Siberia — its  basin  lying  between 
those  of  the  Obe  &  Lena,  &  estimated  to 
comprise  an  area  of  1,000,000  sq.  m.  It 
rises  in  Mopgolia  (Chinese  empire.) 
Total  course  estimated  at  2,300  m. 

Yeniseisk,  a  vast  gov.  of  Asiatic 
Russia,  comprised  in  B.  Siberia.  Its 
extent  is  nearly  commensurate  with  the 
basin  of  the  Yenisei  which  traverses  its 
centre  ;  but  besides  which  it  comprises 
the  courses  of  several  minor  rivers.  P. 
210,000. (?)  Surface  mountainous  in  the 
S. —  Yeniseisk  is  the  cap.  of  a  dist.,  on 
the  Yenisei,  in  lat.  58°  27'  17"  N.,  Ion. 
92°  16'  48"  E.  P.  6,000.  It  is  stated  to 
be  3  m.  in  circumference. 

Yeni-Shehr,  several  vills.,  of  Asia- 
Minor. 

Yenne,  a  market  town  of  Savoy,  cap. 
mand.,on  the  Rhone.  P.  with  comm.  3,227. 

Yeomandong  Mountains,  a  chain  in 
Further  India.  Height  from  2,000  to 
8,000  feet. 

Yeou-hu  &  Yeou-lun,  two  islands  of 
the  N.  Pacific  ocean. 

Yeovil,  a  manufacturing  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  Somerset,  on  the  Yeo.  P.  7,043. 
Before  thread  gloves  came  into  exten- 
sive use,  it  was  estimated  that  20,000 
persons  in  Yeovil  &  its  vicinity  were  em- 
ployed in  the  manufacture  of  leather 
gloves,  of  which  300,000  dozens  were 
made  annually. 

Yepes,  a  town  of  Spain,  22  m.  E.  To- 
ledo.   P.  3,065. 


Yerabolus,  a  site  in  N.  Syria,  pash.  & 
60  m.  N.E.  Aleppo. 

Yerba-Buena  a  town  of,  California. 

Yeres,   two    rivers    of  France. 1. 

joins  the  Seine,  after  a  W.  course  of  50 

m. II.  enters  the   English  channel, 

after  a  N.  course  of  20  m. 

Yerim,  a  small  town  of  Arabia,  75  m. 
S.E.  Sana. 

Yerma,  a  market  town  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia. 

Yerville,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Seine  Inf.     P.  1,495. 

Ybshil-Irmak,  river  of  Asia-Minor, 
afrer  a  tortuous  N.  course  of  200  miles, 
enters  the  Black  sea. 

Yeshil-kul  (the  "Green  lake"),  a 
lake  of  Chinese  Turkestan,  N.  Kiria,  L. 
30  m. 

Yesso,  one  of  the  largest  of  the  Ja- 
panese isls.,  lat.  41°  24'  N.,  Ion.  140°  9' 
E.  Estim.  area,  62,500  sq.  m.  Its  N. 
part  is  very  fertile,-  products  comprise 
wheat,  rice,  hemp,  tobacco,  fruits,  oak, 
elm,  &  birch  timber,  &  large  quantities 
of  dried  salmon  &  other  fish.  Here  are 
said  to  be  some  valuable  mines  of  gold 
&  silver.  The  Strait  of  Yesso,  between 
this  island  &  Kunashir,  is  12  m.  across. 

Yeste,  a  town  of  Spain,  50  miles  S.W. 
Albacete.     P.  5,900. 

Yeu,  a  consid.  river  of  Central  Africa. 

Yewndoun,  a  town,  Burmese  dom., 
on  the  Irrawadi. —  Yewngbenza  is  a  town 
on  rt.  b.  of  the  Irrawadi. 

Yezd,  a  city  of  Persia,  in  the  Persian 
desert,  lat.  32°  10'  JST.,  Ion.  56°  E.  Among 
the  pop.  are  many  IParsees  or  Ghebers 
(fire-worshippers),  this'  being  nearly  the 
only  place  in  Persia  which  they  inhabit. 
—  Yezdahad  is  a  small  town,  prov.  Fars. 

Yezdikhast,  a  town  of  Persia,  75  m. 
S'.S.E.  Ispahan.     P.  2,000. 

Yffiniac,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  COtes-du-Nord.     P.  2,213. 

Ygrande,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
France,  dep.  AHier.     P.  1,663. 

Yic,  a  river  of  S.  America,  Uruguay, 
flows  "W".  &  joins  the  Rio  Negro.    L.  120  m. 

YiN-LiN-KAN,  a  large  bay  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  island  Hainan,  China  sea. 

Yi-TCHOu,  a  town.,  China,  on  the  Y-ho. 

Yki,  an  island  of  Japan,  in  the  strait 
of  Core  a.  L.  15  ra.,  br.  8  m. —  Ykima  is 
one  of  the  Madjicosiiua  islands,  China  sea. 

Ylo,  a  maritime  town  of  S.  Peru,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Ylo  in-the  Pacific  ocean. 

Yloe,  one  of  the  Calamianes  islands, 
Philippines,  Asiatic  archipelago.  Area, 
65  sq.  m. —  Yloylo  is  a  town  on  the  S.E. 
coast  of  the  Philippine  island  Panay. 

Ylst,  a  t.  of  the  Netherlands.    P.  1,250. 


848 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHV. 


[yor 


Tngaeen,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  20  miles 
long  by  5  m.  broad. 

YoDO,  a  town  of  Japan,  island  Niphon, 
on  the  Yedogava. 

ToMBER  Island,  one  of  the  Bissagos 
islands,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Africa. 

YoNi,  a  village  of  W.  Africa.,  on  Sher- 
borough  island,  8^5  m.  S.E.  Sierra  Leone. 

YoNKEKs,  tnshp.  of  Westchester  co.,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Hudson  river,  a  few 
miles  above  New  York,  with  which  it  has 
daily  steam  communication.     P.  4,160. 

YoNNE,  a  riv.  of  France,  rises  in  the  E., 
joins  the  Seine  at  Montereau.    L.  150  m. 

II.   a  dep.  of  France,  in  the  N.E., 

formed  of  part  of  the  old  prov.  Burgundy. 
Area,  2,824  sq.  m.     P.  331,133. 

YooT-siMA,  a  small  island  of  Japan, 
N.W.  Cape  Noto,  Niphon. 

Yoegan-Ladik,  a  large  town  of  Asia- 
Minor. 

York,  the  second  city  of  England  in 
point  of  rank,  though  not  in  size  ur  com- 
mercial importance,  a  co.  of  itself,  cap. 
CO.  Yorkshire,  near  the  centre  of  which 
it  stands,  on  the  Ouse.  The  city  is  en- 
closed by  ancient  walls,  flanked  with 
towers,  &  forming  a  fine  promenade  ;  &■ 
is  entered  by  five  principal,  &  five  minor 
gateways,  some  of  which  former  are  re- 
markable structures.  The  Ouse  &  Foss 
traverse  the  interior  of  the  city  ;  the 
Foss  is  crossed  by  4  bridges,  &  the  Ouse 
by  an  elegant  bridge  of  3  arches.  York 
is  well  built,  &  generally  handsome.  At 
the  head  of  these  is  York  minster  or 
oath.,  the  finest  structure  of  its  kind  in 
England,  mostly  built  in  the  13th  &  14th 
centuries,  524J  ft.  in  length,  &  222  ft.  in 
breadth  internally,  with  a  great  tower 
234  feet  in  height,  magnificent  W.  front 
flanked  by  2  towers  196  feet  in  height,  & 
very  richly  adorned  within.  It  was  set 
on  fire  by  the  lunatic  Martin  in  1829,  & 
suffered  from  an  accidental  fire  in  1840, 
but  the  injuries  to  it  have  been  fully  re- 
paired. The  see  of  York  comprises  the 
E.  &  W.  Ridings  of  the  co.  &  the  arch- 
deaconry of  Cleveland  ;  the  authority  of 
the  archbishop  extends  over  the  prov.  of 
York,  consisting,  with  the  archbishopric, 
of  the  bishoprics  Durham,  Carlisle,  Ches- 
ter, Ripon,  &  Sodor  &  Man.  Gross  rev- 
enue of  see  20,141Z.  York  has  several 
Roman  antiquities,  the  remains  of  an 
abbey  founded  by  William  Rufus,  &  of  a 
college  founded  by  Henry  VI.  Charities 
are  very  numerous.  York  has  an  active 
trade  in  the  import  of  coal,  but  its  chief 
prosperity  is  due  to  its  being  resorted  to 
■by  the  gentry  of  N.  England,  as  a  kind 
of  northern  metropolis.    York  was  the 


residence  of  Hadrian,  Severus,  Constan- 
tius  Chlorus,  Constantino,  &  other  Roman 
emperors.  &  the  funeral  obsequies  of 
Severus,  who  died  there  a.d.  212,  are 
supposed  to  have  been  performed  on 
Sivers  hill  W.'  the  city.  Under  the  Sax- 
ons it  was  successively  the  cap.  of  the 
kingdoms  Northumberland  &  Deira.  It 
suffered  greatly  for  opposing  William  the 
Conqueror.  In  the  civil  wars  it  sided 
actively  with  the  king,  but  it  was  equally 
noted  for  its  opposition  to  the  arbitrary 
decrees  of  James  II.     P.  57,111. 

York,  several  cos.  of  the  U.  S. 1. 

Maine,  in  its   S.W.  part;    cap.   Alfred 

Area,   818    sq.    m.      P.   60,101. II. 

Pennsylvania,  bordered  N.E.  by  the  Sus- 
quehanna.    Area,  864  sq.  m.     P.  57,450. 

York,  the  cap.,  a  t.,  has  1,294  inhab. 

III.  Virginia,  along  Chesapeake  bay. 
Area,  150  sq.  m.  P.  4,460.  Cap.  York- 
town. Iv.  a  dist.,  S.  Carolina,  in  its 

N.  part,  cap.  Yorkville.  Area,  800  sq.  m. 
P.  19,433. — It  is  the  name  of  rivers  in 
Maine  &  Virginia ;  the  latter  joins  Chesa- 
peake bay  near  Yorktown,  by  an  estuary 
from  2  to  3  m.  in  width,  &  forming  the 
best  harbor  in  Virginia. 

York,   several  townships,  U.  S. 1. 

Maine,  on  York  river,  close  to  its  mouth 
in  the  Atlantic,  42  miles  S.S.W.  Port- 
land. It  is  regularly  laid  out,  &  has  a 
good  harbor  for  vessels  of  250  tons  bur- 
den, a  light  house,  &  shipping  employed 

in   the    fisheries. II.  New  York,   on 

Genesee  river.     P.  3,049.-; III.  Ohio, 

CO.  Morgan.     P.  1,032 IV.  Ohio,  co. 

Athens.  P.  1,601.— V.  Indiana,  co. 
Switzerland.  P.  1,331. VI.  Pennsyl- 
vania,   CO.  York.     P.   1,294. VII.  a 

bor.,  Pennsylvania,  cap.  co.  York,  22  m. 
S.  Harrisburg.  P.  4,779.  It  is  well  built, 
&  is  connected  by  railroads  with  Phila- 
delphia &  Baltimore,  &  communicates 
with  the  Susquehanna  by  a  navigable 
canal. —  Yorkshire  is  a  township,  New 
York,  on  Cattaraugus  creek.     P.  1,292. 

York,  the  former  name  of  Toronto, 
Upper  Canada. — —II.  a  fort,  British  N. 
America,  on  the  ^■.  coast  of  Hudson  bay. 

III.  a  village,  W.  Africa,   15  m.  S. 

Freetown. IV.  a  co.  of  W.  Australia, 

V.  a  town  of  Tasmunia,  co.  Devon. 

VI.  a  pa.,  CO.  Monmouth. VII. 

{Cape),  the  most  N.  point  of  Australia. 
Off  it  N.E. -ward  is  a  group  termed  York 
isls. — -VIII.  (Mount),  Australia,  New 

South  Wales. ^IX.  (Sound),  an  inlet 

on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Australia; X. 

British  N.  America,  in  Frobisher  strait. 

York  (New),  U.  S.,  N.America.  [New- 
York.] 


YUC] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEEK. 


849 


YoRKE  Peninsula,  a  tongue  of  land, 
S.  Australia.     L.  100  m. ;    gr.  br.  30  m. 

Yorkshire,  the  largest  co.  of  England, 
in  its  N.  part  having  E.  the  North  sea. 
Area,  5,836  sq.  m.  P.  1,785,680.  York- 
shire is  both  an  agricultural  &  grazing, 
&  a  manufacturing  co.  of  the  first  rank. 
Large  numbers  of  horses  are  bred  ;  &  the 
CO.  supplies  many  of  the  cows  used  in  the 
London  dairies.  Sheep  have  been  estim. 
at  1,200,000,  &  the  annual  produce  of 
wool  at  2,800  packs.  The  eo.  is  divided 
into  N.,  E.,  &  W.  Ridings  (a  name  said 
to  be  derived  from  a  Saxon  word  signify- 
ing thirds),  &  into  the  ainsty  of  the  city 
of  York.  It  is  subdivided  into  17  wapen- 
takes &  2  liberties,  &  into  613  parishes. 

II.   t.,   Cattaraugus   co.   N.  Y.     P. 

1,292. 

York-Sulphur-Springs,  a  village  & 
fashionable  watering-place,  Pennsylva- 
nia, 15  m.  S.  Carlisle,  with  excellent  ac- 
commodations for  visitors. 

YoRKTOWN,  a  township,  state  &  near 
New  York,   16  m.  N.  White  Plams.     P. 

2,819. II.  a  vill.  of  Virginia,  cap.  co. 

York,  on  York  creek,  opposite  Gloucester, 
with  about  300  inhabs.  Here,  October  19, 
1781,  the  British  army,  under  Lord 
Cornwallis,  surrendered  to  Gen.  Wash- 
ington, which  event  terminated  the  revo- 
lutionary war. 

YoRKviLLE,  several  vills.  of  the  U.  S. 

1.  South  Carolina,  on  an  afS.  of  the 

Broad,  with  about  700  inhab.,  a  court- 
house, jail,  &  academy. II.  New  York, 

on  the  Harlem  railw.,  which  here  passes 
through  a  tunnel  844  feet  in  length,  5  m. 
N.  New  York.  P.  800.  It  has  a  school- 
house,  large  library,  rope-walk,  &  exten- 
sive carriage  factories.  Others  are  in 
Alabama,  Tennessee,  &  Wisconsin. 

YosiDA,  a  town  of  Japan,  isl.  Niphon, 
160  m.  S.W.  Yeddo,  &  reported  to  Contain 

1,400   houses. Yosyvara    is    a   much 

smaller  town  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  60 
m.  S.W.  Yeddo. 

Yo-TCHOu,  a  city  of  China. 

YouGHAL,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  co.  &  27  m.  E.  Cork,  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  estuary  of  the  Blackwater. 
P.  9,939. 

Young,  two  townships  of  Pa. 1,  co. 

Ind.     P.  1.116. IL  CO.  Jefferson.     P. 

1,321. —  Youngstoicn  is  a  township  &  port 
of  N.  Y.,  CO.  &  on  the  E.  side  of  tbe  river 
Niagara,  at  its  entrance  into  Lake  Onta- 
rio, &  having  a  ferry  to  Fort-Georgo  in 
Canada.     Others  are  in  Pa.  &  Ohio. 

YouNGBENZA,  a  town  of  the  Burmese, 
on  the  maia  arm  of  the  Irrawadi,  in  its 
delta. 

36^ 


,  Ypane-Guazu,  a  river  of  Paraguay, 
S.  America,  joins  the  Paraguay.  L.  100 
miles. 

Yperlee,  a  river  of  Belgium,  enters 
the  North  sea.     L.  35  m. 

Ypres,  a  fortified  town  of  Belgium,  on 
the  Yperlee.  P.  15,516.  It  has  a  col- 
lege, academy  of  painting,  &  a  public 
library. 

Ypsilanti,  a  township,  Mich.,  30  m. 
W.S.W.  Detroit,  with  which  it  is  connect- 
ed by  railway.  P.  2,419,  of  whom  1,500 
are  in  the  village. 

Y]?siLi,  an  island  of  Greece,  gov.  Ar- 
gos,  in  the  gulf  of  Nauplia. 

Yrieix  (St.),  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Vienne,  on  the  Loue. 
P.  7,715. — II.  {La  Montague),  a  comm. 
&  vill.,  dep.  Creuse.    P.  1,322. 

Yronde,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Puy-de-DGme.     P.  1,301. 

YsER,  a  river  of  France  &  Belgium, 
joins  the  Yperlee  after  a  N.B.  course  of 
32  miles. 

YsscHE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium, 
10  m.  S.B.  Brussels.     P.  3,800. 

YssEL,  a  river  of  the  Netherlands, 
formed  at  Doesburg  by  the  union  of  the 
Old  Yssel  &  the  New  Yssel.  It  enters 
the  Zuyder-Zee  after  a  course  of  80  m. 
— Neder  Yssel  is  a  branch  of  the  Leek,  & 
joins  the  Maas.  L.  30  m. —  Yssehnonde 
is  an  isl.  of  S.  Holland.     L.  15  m.,  br.  5  m. 

YssELsTEiN,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, cap.  cant.,  with  a  river-port  on  the 
Lower  Yssel.     P.  3,271. 

YssENGEAUx,  a  comm.  &  town  of 
France,  dep.  H.  Loire.    P.  7,707. 

YsTAD,  a  seaport  town  of  S.  Sweden, 
on  the  Baltic.     P.  4,118. 

YsTwiTH,  a  river  of  Wales,  co.  Cardi- 
gan, after  a  AY.  course  of  23  m.,  enters 
Cardigan  bay  at  Aberj'stwith. 

Ythan,  a  river  of  Scotland,  enters  the 
North  sea,  after  a  course  of  20  m. 

Yucatan,  a  peninsular  state,  Central 
America,  until  1846  a  part  of  the  Mexi- 
can confed.,  mostly  between  lat.  17°  30' 
&  21°  30'  N.,  &  Ion.  87°  &  91°  W.,  hav- 
ing N.  &  W.  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  E.  the 
Caribbean  sea,  &  landward  Brit.  Hondu- 
ras, Guatemala,  Chiapas,  &  Tabasco. 
Area  variously  estimated  from  50,000  to 
80,000  sq.  m.  P.  472,876.  It  also  com- 
prises the  remarkable  ruins  of  Uxmal, 
Chi-chen,  Kabah,  &  Zayi.  The  legisla- 
tive assembly  declared  itself  independent 
of  Mexico,  January  1st,  1846. — The  bay 
of  Yucatan  is  a  name-sometimes  given  to 
the  sea  immediately  N.  the  bay  of  Hon- 
duras.— The  channel  of  Yucatan,  between 
that  country  &  Cuba,  is  120  m.  across. 


850 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[ZAC 


YuEN-KiANG,  a  river  of  China,  enters 
the  lake  Tong-ting.     L.  400  m. 

TuEN-TCHOu,  two  towns  of  China. 

YuGYACAETA,  a  large  &  populous 
town  of  Java,  near  its  centre. 

Yung-,  a  prefix  of  the  names  of  nu- 
merous Chinese  cities. 

Y*UNQUERA,  a  town  of  Spain,  33  miles 
W.N.W.  Malaga.     P.  2,72G. 

YuN-NAN,  the  most  S.W.  prov.  of  Chi- 
na. Area  107,969  sq.  m.  -P.  5,561,320.(7) 
—  Yun-nan,  the  cap;,  is  on  the  N.  side  of 
a  lake. 

YuN-HiNG,  a  city  of  China,  cap.  dep. — 
Yun-yang  is  a  city,  cap.  dep.,  on  a  trib- 
utary of  the  Hoang-ho. 

Yurung-Kash,  Chinese  Turkestan,  af- 
ter a  N.-ward  course  joins  the  Yarkand 
&  Aksu  rivers,  to  form  the  Tarim.  To- 
tal length  estim.  250  m.- II.  a  town 

of  Chinese  Turkestan,  stated  to  comprise 
1,000  houses. 

YusTE,  a  convent  of  Spain,  near  Pla- 
cencia,  &  celebrated  as  the  place  of  re- 
tirement chosen  by  the  Emperor  Charles 
v.,  who  died  here  21st  September,  1558. 

YuTHiA,  the  old  cap.  of  Siam,  Further 
India,  ou  the  Me-nam. 

YuTTA,  a  town  of  Palestine,  4  m.  S. 
Hebron.  Reland  supposes  it  to  be  the 
Juda  alluded  to  in  Luke  i.  37,  as  the 
birth-place  of  John  the  Baptist. 

YuzGAT,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor,  pash. 
Sivas,  in  a  narrow  valley,  55  miles  S. 
Tchorum. 

YvERDUN,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  cant. 
Vaud.    P.  3,461. 

YvETOT,  a  coinm.  &  town  of  France, 
dep.  Seine-Inf.    P.  9,183. 

YviAs,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France,  dep. 
CC.tes-du-Nord.     P.  2,400. 

YviGNAc,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  COtes-du-Nord.     P.  1,784. 

YvoiR,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  Belgium,  on 
rt.  b.  of  the  Maese.  P.  700. —  Yvoire  is  a 
vill.  of  Savoy. 

YvGNAND  &  YvoHKE,  two  villagcs  of 
Switzerland,  cant.  Vaud. 

Yvrb-l'eveq.ue,  a  comm.  &  village  of 
France,  dep,  Sarthe,  on  rt.  bank  of  the 

Huisne.     P.  2,192. II.   {le  Polin),  a 

comm.,  dep.  Sarthe,  13  miles  E.N.E.  La 
Fleehe.     P.  1,602. 

YzENDYKE,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Zeeland,  on  isl.  Cadsand.    P.  2,341. 

TzEENAY,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Maine-et-Loire.     P.  1,601. 

YzEUHES,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of  France, 
dep.  Indre-et-Loire,  on  the  rt.  b.  of  the 
Creuse.     P.  1,690. 


z. 

Zaab,  a  dist.  of  Algeria,  S.  of  the  Great 
Atlas  mountains. 

Zaandam,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
on  the  Zaan.  P.  11,139,  chiefly  engaged 
in  ship-building  &,  sea-faring  occupations. 
— Zaandyk  is  a  village  on  the  Zaan.  P. 
2,144. 

Zaanen,  twoyills.  of  the  Netherlands. 

1.  (East),  5  m.  N.  Amsterdam. 

II.  (West),  dist.  &  7  m.  N.B.  Haarlem, 
near  the  Y. 

Zab,  two  rivers  of  Turkish  Kurdistan, 

tributaries    to    the    Tigris. 1,    (the 

"Greater  Zab"),  flows  very  tortuously 
S.S.W.,  &  after  having  entered  the  plain 
of  the  pash.  Bagdad,  joins  the  Tigris 
about  25  m.  S.  Mosul.     Total  course  200 

miles. II.   (the  "Lesser  Zab"),  has 

its  course  S.E.  of  the  foregoing,  &  joins 
the  Tigris,  78  m.  S.E.  Mosul. 

Zabbanago,  a  town  of  Burmah,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Irrawadi. 

Zablatov,  a  mkt.  town  of  Austrian 
Poland,  Galicia.     P.  1,500.- 

Zabliak,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Albania. 

Zabludov,  a  market  town  of  Piussian 
Poland.     P.  1,700. 

Zacapa,  a  town  of  Central  America, 
state  &  70  m.  N.E.  Guatemala,  ne.ar  the 
river  Motagua.  Estimated  p.  5,000  — 
Zacata  is  a  vill.  of  S.  Peru,  dep.  Cuzco. 

Zacatecas,  a  dep.  of  the  Mexican  con- 
fed.,  mostly  between  lat.  21°  30'  &  24° 
50'  N.,  &  "ion.  100°  10'  &  103°  40'  W. 
Area,  19,930  sq.  m.  P.  273,575,  who  live 
mostly  by  mining  &  agriculture.  It  be- 
longs to  the  central  table-land  of  the 
confed.,  &  is  one  of  the  richest  mining 
-provs.  in  Amer.,  having  3  extensive  veins 
of  silver,  upon  all  which  nearly  3,000 
shafts  have  been  opened,  &  it  has  been 
estimated  that  its  mines  have  pro- 
duced silver  to  the  value  of  200  millions 

sterling. II.  Zacatecas,  the  principal 

mining  city,  &  cap.  of  the  dep.,  is  in 
a  narrow  valley,  150  miles  N.N.W'. 
Guanaxuato.  P-,  with  its  suburb  Veta- 
Grande,  28,000.  It  is  built  over  a  vein 
of  silver,  has  externally  a  noble  appear- 
ance, contains  a  gunpowder-mill,  &  a 
mint. — Zacatlan  is  a  vill.  Mexican  con- 
federation. 

Zacatula,  a  market  town,  confed:  & 
dep.  Mexico,  on  the  Bolsas. 

Zachan,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pom- 
erania.     P.  1,060. 

Zacharie  (St.),  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Var.     P.  1,622.     , 


zan] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTERR. 


851 


Zachkevitchi,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russian 
Poland.     P.  1,600. 

Zackrzewo,  a  town  of  Poland,  gov. 
Warsaw,  with  1,500  inhab. 

Zacualpan,  a  vill.  with  some  silver 
mines,  eonfed.,  dep.,  &  65  m.  S.S.W.  Mex- 
ico.— Zacualtipan  is  a  town  of  the  same 
dep.,  100  m.  N.E.  Mexico. 

Zadonsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  1.  b.  of 
the  Don.     P.  2,000. 

Zafaran-Boli,  a  town  of  Asia-Minor, 
Anatolia.     P.  15,000.(?) 

Zafarine,  a  group  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean, off  the  coast  of  Morocco. 

Zaffarano,  a  market  town  of  Sicily. 
—  Cape  Zaffarana  is  a  headland  on  the 
N.  coast  of  Sicily. 

Zafferaead,  a  considerable  town  of 
Brit.  India,  presid.  Bengal. 

Zaffean  (Zafferan),  a  marit.  town 
i»f  N.  Africa. 

Zafra,  a  town-of  Spain,  37  m.  S.E.  Ba- 
iajoz.     P.  4,894. 

Zagora,  a  mkt.  town  of  Albania,  on 

Ihe  boundary  of  Epirus. 1\.  a  vill  of 

European  Turkey,  Thessaly.-^ Cape  Za- 
gora is  a  headland,  2  m.  .N.E.  this  vill. ; 
&  Mount  Zagora  is  the  modern  name  of 
Mount  Pelion. 

^agrOs  (Mount),  a  mountain  range  of 
Asia,  forming  a  part  of  the  boundary  be- 
tween Persia  &  the  Turkish  pash.  Bag- 
dad. 

Zagyva,  a  river  of  Central  Hungary, 
joins  the  Theiss  at  Szolnok,  after  a  course 
of  90  m. 

Zahna,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony. 
P.  2,140. 

Zahu,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on 
the  Khabur. 

Zaikany,  a  vill.  of  Transylvania. 

Zainah,  a  town  of  Algeria,  70  miles 
S.S.W.  Constantine,  supposed  to  occupy 
the  site  of  the  ancient  Za-rna. 
V   Zainsk,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  on  the 
Zai.     P;  1,700. 

Zaire,  or  Congo,  a  river  of  AV.  Africa, 
Lower  Guinea,  after  a  W.  course  nf  un- 
certain length,  enters  the  Atlantic  by 
several  wide  mouths.  At  90  leagues  in- 
land it  has  been  found  4  m.  across. 

Zaisan  (Lake),  a  lake  of  Chinese 
Turkestan.  Length  E.  to  W.  80  m.,  br. 
20  miles. 

Zaklikov,  a  town  of  Poland,  on  the 
Sanna.     P.  1,600. 

Zakotnaja,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia, 
gov.  Voronej.     P.  1,500. 

Zalamea,  llipa,  a  town  of  Spain.    P. 

3,980. II.  {la  Real),  a  town,  prov.  & 

34  m.  NE.  Huelva.     P.  4,180. 

Zalathna,  a  market  town  of  Tran- 


sylvania, on  an  affl.  of  the  Maros. II. 

CO.  Upper  Weisenburg. 

Zaleszczyky,  a  town  of  Austrian 
Poland,  Galicia,  on  the  Dniester.  P. 
5,000. 

ZAI.INAF,  a  group  of  islets,  strait  of 
Macassar,  W.  of  Celebes. 

Zalosze,  a  market  town  of  Austrian 
Poland,  Galicia,  on  the  Sered,  23  miles 
S.S.E.  Brody. 

Zambeze,  or  CuAMA,  a  river  of  E.  Af- 
rica, enters  the  Indian  ocean  by  numer- 
ous mouths,  after  an  E.  course  of  uncer- 
tain length. 

Zamocha,  a  mkt.  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
Minsk.     P.  1,550. 

Zamoea,  a  city  of  Spain,  cap.  prov. 
Zamora,  on  the  Douro.     P.  9,926. 

Zamora,  a  town  of  S.  Amer.,  Ecuador, 

dep.  Assuay,  on  the  Zamora  river. 

II.  a  mkt.  town,  Mexican  confed. III. 

a  town  of  S.  Peru,  dep.  &  20  m.  N.  Cuz- 

co. IV.  a  mkt.  town,  Portugal,  20  m. 

N.E.  Lisbon. V.  a  small  town  of  Al- 
geria, 105  m.  S.E.  Algiers. 

Zamosc,  a  strongly  fortified  town  of 
Poland,  45  m.  S.E.  Lublin,  on  the  Wieprz. 
P.  5,000. — Stari-Zamosc  is  a  town,  13  m. 
N.W.  Zamosc,  with  1,000  inhabs. 

Zandvliet,  a  fortified  town  of  Belgi- 
um, near  rt.  bank  of  the  Scheldt.  P. 
1,200. 

Zanen  (Cost  &  West),  two  vills.  of 
the  Netherlands,  prov.  N.  Holland. 

Zanesville,  a  tnshp.,  Ohio,  cap.  co. 
Muskingum.  The  vill.  on  E.  bank  of 
Muskingum  river,  here  crossed  by  two 
bridges,  52  m.  E.  Columbus.  P.  7,929. 
It  has  an  elegant  court-house,  co.  offices, 
a  jail,  matket-house,  atheneeum,  free 
school,  public  library,  &  numerous  mills 
&  factories ;  a  canal  &  locks  around  the 
falls  of  Muskingum  supplying  water- 
power,  &  also  a  navigable  channel.  A 
branch  connects  it  with  Ohio  canal. 

Zangeia,  a  town  of  Central  Africa, 
Iloussa. 

Zangnomang,  a  prosperous  town  of 
the  Burmese  dom. 

Zanguebar,  a  vast  country  of  E.  Af- 
rica, on  the  Indian  ocean.  The  interior 
is  entirely  unknown.  It  is  partly  sub- 
ject to  the  Imaum  of  Muscat,  &  partly 
governed  by  native  princes.  Chief  towns, 
Magadoxo,  Mombas,  Quiloa,  Patta,  & 
Lamoo.  Principal  exports  rice,  sugar, 
gums,  fish,  &  ivory.  In  the  16th  &  17th 
centuries,  the  Portuguese  had  many  set- 
tlements on  the  coast. 

Zannone,  the  mo.st  N.  of  the  Ponza 
Islands. 

Zanow,  a  town  of  Prnss.  Pomerania- 


852 


CYCLOPAEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[ZEB 


P.  1,540. — Zanshousen  is  a  vill.,  9  miles 
N.E.  Landsberg. 

Zante,  one  of  the  Ionian  isls.,  Medi- 
terranean, 8  m.  S.  Cephalonia.  L.  23J 
m.,  br.  G  to  11  m.  P.  38,929.  It  has 
numerous  olive  gardens  &  vineyards,  & 
produces  pomegranates,  melons,  peaches, 
&  citrons ;  but  its  principal  export  is 
currants.  A  quantity  of  wine  is  made, 
half  of  which  is  exported.  Zante,  the 
cap.  &  only  town,  on  the  E.  coast,  is  the 
largest  in  the  republic.     P.  20,000. 

Zanzibar,  an  island  off  the  E.  coast 
of  Africa  L.  of  isl.  about  40  m.,  br.  15 
m.  P.  200,000,  consisting  of  Arabs, 
Sowily  Africans,  &  Negro  slaves.  The 
island  is  the  metropolis  of  the  loiaum  of 
Muscat's  possessions  on  E.  coast  of  Afri- 
ca. The  town  called  Shanganny  is  situ- 
ated on  a  low  point  of  sand,  has  a  wooden 
fort,  &  is  irregularly  built.     P.  4,000('?) 

Zapara,  an  island,  S.  America,  Vene- 
zuela.    L.  1^  m.  -.» 

Zapatosa  (Lake),  S.  America,  is  an 
enlargement  of  the  river  Sesar  before  it 
joins  the  Magdalena.  L.  25  m.,  br.  22 
miles. 

Zaha,  the  cap.  city  of  Dalmatia,  occu- 
pies an  oval  peninsula  about  Ij  miles  in 
circ.  P.  6,850,  mostly  of  Italian  de- 
scent ;  &  the  vills.  of  its  immediate  vi- 
cinity have  from  20,000  to  30,000  inhabs. 
Its  harbor  is  small,  but  the  inhabitants 
own  upwards  of  240  vessels,  employed  in 
fisheries  &  coasting  trade.  Near  it  are 
remains  of  a  fine  aqueduct,  built  by  Tra- 
jan.— Zara  Vecchia  is  a  vill.,  17  m.  S.E., 
With  1,300  inhab. 

Zara,  a  vill.  of  Asia-Minor,  40  miles 
N.E.  Sivas.  P.  300  famili^. — Zara  is 
the  most  S.  of  the  Kerkenna  isls.,  off  E. 
coast  of  Tunis. 

Zaragoza,  or  Saragossa,  a  city  of 
Spain,  cap.  prov.  Zaragoza  &  of  the  old 
kingdom  of  Aragon,  on  the  Ebro,  which 
separates  it  into  two  portions,  connected 
by  a  fine  stone  bridge,  176  m.N.E.  Mad- 
rid. P.  40,482.  Previous  to  its  memor- 
able disasters  in  1808-9,  its  churches  were 
the  most  magaificent  in  the  peninsula. 
It  is  neatly  btiilt  of  brick.  Chief  edifice  the 
cathed.  church  of  Nuestra-senora-del- 
Pilar,  celebrated  all  over  Spain  for  its 
sanctuary  which  attracts  numerous  pil- 
grims. The  university  of  Zaragoza, 
founded  1474,  ranks  as  the  third  in  the 
kingdom,  &  it  had  in  1841, 1,100  students. 
Zaragoza  is  very  ancient,  &  numerous 
vestiges  of  Roman  remains  attest  its 
former  importance.  It  was  taken  by  the 
French  in  January  1809,  after  a  sie^a 
of  eight  months,  memorable  for  a  defence 


reckoned  among  the  most  heroic  of 
modern  times. 

Zarevokokshaisk,  a  town  of  Russia, 
70  m.  N.W.  Kasan.  P.  5,000.— Zarenos- 
antschursk  iz  a  town,  145  m.  S.W.  Viat- 
ka.     P.  2,000. 

Zargoun,  a  small  town  of  Persia. 

Zarki,  a  town  of  Poland,  26  m.  N.N.W. 
Olkusz.     P.  1,980. 

Zarnah,  a  ruined  city  of  Persian  Kur- 
distan, in  Mount  Zagros. 

Zarno,  a  market  town  of  Austrian 
Poland,  Galicia.     P.  1,500. 

Zarnow,  a  town  of  Poland. — Zarnow- 
ice  is  a  town,  gov.  &  44  m.  S.W.  Kielce. 
P.  1,638. 

Zarskoe-Sblo,  a  town  of  Russia,  17 
m.S.  St.  Petersburg.  P.  10,233.  It  has 
a  college  with  14  professors,  a  military 
school,  &  manufs.  of  carpets,  but  is  chiefly 
noted  for  a  summer  residence  of  the  em- 
peror, founded  by  Peter  the  Great  in 
1710,  &  the  favorite  abode  of  Catherine 
II. 

Zaruma,  a  town  of  S.  America,  Ecua- 
dor, on  the  Tumbez.     P.  6,000. 

Zarza,  2  towns  of  Spain. 1,  on  the 

Guadiana.  P.  3,127. — -II.  {la  Mayor), 
13  m.  N.E.  Alacantara.     P.  2,313. 

Zarziss,  a  maritime  town  &  castle  of 
N.  Africa,  Tunis. 

Zashiversk,  a  town  or  vill.  of  JE.  Si- 
beria. 

Zaslav,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
gov.  Volhynia,  on  the  Gorin.     P.  8,200. 

Zasmuk,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circ.  &  4 
m.  S.E.  Kaurzim.     P.  1,587. 

Zatas,  a  river  of  Portugal,  formed  by 
the  junction  of  the  rivers  Sora  &  Erva, 
joins  the  Tagus. 

Zator,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia,  on  the  Vistula.     P.  1,466. 

Zauditz,  a  market  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia.  P.  1,235. — Zavelstein  is  a  town 
of  Wlirtemberg. 

Zawjschost,  a  town  of  Poland,  8  m. 
N.N.E.  Sandomir,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Vistula. 
P.  3,070. 

Zayi,  a  ruined  city  of  Yucatan,  70  m. 
S.  Merida. 

Zbarasz,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia,  on  the  Ikva.     P.  5,642. 

ZoiJNY,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  57 
m.  S.S.E.  Posen.     P.  3,200. 

Zea,  Ceos,  an  island  of  the  Grecian 
archipelago,  gov.  Syra,  13  m.  E.  Cape 
Colonna.  P.  5,000. — Zea,  the  cap.  town, 
is  built  in  successive  terraces  on  the  N. 
declivity  of  the  mountain. 

Zebayer,  a  group  of  small  volcanio 
islands  in  the  Red  sea,  largest  3  m.  long. 

Zebid,  a  fortified  town  of  Arabia,  dist 


zer] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


853 


Yemen,  on  tiie  riTCr  Zebid.  P.  7,000. 
It  is  enclosed  by  high  walls,  flanked  with 
numerous  towers,  &  is  of  great  antiquity. 

Zebrak,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  cire.  P. 
1,278. 

Zebu,  an  island  of  the  E.  archipelago, 
Philippines,  W.  of  Negros  island.  L. 
100  m.,  br.  varies  to  30  miles.  The  cap. 
town  Zebu  is  on  its  E.  side.    P.  8,805. 

Zebulon,  p-v.,  cap.  Pike  co.  Ga. 
^sZedelghem,  a  vill.  of  Belgium,  6  m. 
S.W.  Bruges.     P.  2,050. 

Zedenick,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the 
Havel.     P.  2,870. 

Zedik,  a  town  of  Persia,  20  miles  W. 
Reshd. 

Zedlitz  (Alt),  a  market  town  of  Bo- 
hemia. 

Zbeland,  the  most  S.prov.  of  the  Ne- 
therlands. Area,  673  sq.  m.  P.  155,- 
271.  Zeeland-proper,  comprising  the 
islands  Walcheren,  Beveland,  Tholen, 
Duiveland,  &  Schowen,  between  the 
mouths  of  the  Scheldt  &  Maas.  Surface 
little  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  &  pro- 
tected against  its  irruption  by  dams  & 
dykes;  besides  the  islands,  the  prov. 
comprises  a  portion  of  continent  S.  of  the 
Scheldt.  Principal  towns,  Middelburg, 
the  cap..  Flashing,  Zierikzee,  &  St.  Goes. 
Under  the  French  it  formed  the  dep. 
Bouches  d'Escaut.  It  suffered  severely 
from  an  inundation  of  the  sea  in  1825. 

II.  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands.     P. 

1,650. 

Zeggers  Cappel,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Nord.     P.  1,775. 

Zeghen,  a  town  of  Cent.  Africa,  Fez- 
zan. 

Zesozhbe,  an  island  in  the  Niger. 

Zehden,  a  town  of  Prussia,  40  m.  N. 
Frankfurt.     P.  1,600. 

Zehree,  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  35  m. 
S.B.  Kelat. 

Zeiden,  a  mkt.  town  of  Transylvania, 
Saxonland.     P.  3,546. 

Zeil,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  near  the 
Main,  4  m.  S.S.E.  Hassfurt.  P.  1,310. 
II.  a  vill.  of  Wiirtemberg. 

Zeist,  a  pa.  &  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
5  m.  E.  Utrecht.     P.  3,047. 

Zeitun,  a  town  of  Greece. — ^11.  a 
place  of  Asia- Minor,  on  the  route  from 
Arabgir  to  Aleppo. III.  a  dist.  of  Per- 
sia, highly  fertile  &  populous. 

Zeitoun  (Gulp  of),  an  inlet  on  the  E. 
coast  of  Greece. 

Zeitz,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, on  the  White  Elster,  23  miles  S.W. 
Leipzig.     P.  11,100. 

Zekanovetz,  a  market  town  of  Rus- 
sian Poland.     P.  1,500. — Zekinovka  is  a 


town,  gov.  Podolia,  on  the  Dniester.    P. 
1,500. 

Zelandia,  a  fort  of  Dutch  Guiana. 

Zelaya,  a  town  of  the  Mexican,con- 
federation,  dep.  &  35  m.  S.E.  Guanax- 
uato.    Estimated  p.  11,000. 

Zele,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of  Bel- 
gium, prov.  E.  Flaiylers.     P.  10,484. 

Zelechow,  a  town  of  Poland,  30  miles 
S.W.  Siedlee.    P.  2,300. 

Zelhem,  a  vill.  of  the  Netherlands, 
prov.  Gelderland,  20  m.  E.  Arnhem.  P. 
of  pa.  2,600. 

Zell,' a  town  of  Hanover.  [Celle.] 

Zell,  several  towns,  market  towns,  & 
vills.  of  Germany. 

Zell,  two  vills.  of  Switzerland.  The 
lake  of  Zell,  Swiss  cant.  Thurgau,  is  12 
miles  in  length,  br.  4  m. 

Zella-St-Blash,  a  town  of  Germany, 
duchy  Saxe-Coburg.     P.  1,830. 

Zellerfeld.  a  town  of  Hanover,  P. 
4,546. 

Zellingen,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Main.  P.  1,985. — ■Zeltins;en  is  a  vill. 
of  Rhenish  Prussia.     P.  1,450. 

Zenbin,  a  market  town  of  Russia.  P. 
1,500. 

Zempelburg,  a'town  of  W.  Prussia.  P. 
3,450. 

Zemplin,  a  market  town  of  N.E.  Hun- 
gary, on  the  Bodrog. 

Zendarud  ("  living  stream"),  a  large 
river  of  Persia.     L.  150  m. 

Zengg,  a  fortified  .seaport  town  of  mili- 
tary Croatia.     P.  5,000. 

Zengue,  a  river  of  Georgia,  Russian 
Transcaucasia.     L.  60  m. 

Zenitza,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Bosnia.     P.  2,000. 

Zenjan,  a  town  of  Persia,  on  the  riv. 
of  Zenjan.  P.  15,O00.C?)— The  river  of 
Zenjan  joins  the  Kizil-Ouzan,  after  a 
N.W.  course  of  90  m. 

Zenkov,  a  town  of  Russia,  42  m.  N. 
Poltava,  on  the  Grunia,  with  3,000  in- 
habitants. 

Zenone  (San),  a  market  town  of  N. 
Italy,  Lombardy,  on  the  Olona. 

Zenta,  a  market  town  of  Hungary,  CO. 
Bacs,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Theiss.  P.  13,653., 

II.  (or  Zetta),  a  river  of  Albania. 

Montenegrin  confed. 

Zepita,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  on  a  head- 
land in  the  lake  of  Vinamarca. 

Zer-afghan,  a  river  of  Independent 
Turkestan,  Bokhara,  enters  lake  Den- 
ghiz,  after  a  total  course  estim.  at  400  m. 

Zerbst,  a  town  of  N.  Germany,  on  an 
affl.  of  the  Elbe.     P.  8,449. 

Zerkowo,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland. 
P.  1,435. 


854 


CyOLOP.t:DfA    OF    OEOGRAnir. 


ZOB 


Zermatt,  a  hamlet  of  Switzerland, 
cant.  Valais. 

Zeenagoea,  a  mountain  region  of  IST. 
Albapia. 

Zeula,  or  jVIarkt-Zeula,  a  market 
town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Main.   P.  1,000. 

Zeuleneoda,  a  town  of  Germany,  9 
m.  S.W.  Greitz.  P.  4,831. — Zeuiern'is  a 
Till.;  Baden,  6  m.  N.E.  Bruchsal.  P.  1,499. 

Zeven,'  a  town  of  Ilaaover,  24  miles 
S.W.  Stade.    P.  2,098.      . 

Zevenaas  &,  Zevenbehgen,  2  Small 
towns  of  the  Netherlands. 

Zevio,  a  market  town  of  Austrian 
Italy  on' the  Adige.     P.  2,400. 

ZEYLji.,  a  seaport  town  of  Adel,  N.E. 
Africa,  on  the  sea  of  Bab-el- Mandeb.  P. 
500.  It  stands  on  a  low  sandy  cape, 
bounding  E.  a  harbor  which  has  18  feet 
of  water  at  low  tide. 

Zezers,  a  river  of  Portugal,  joins  the 
Tagus,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  100  m. 

ZiBKOv  (Novo),  a  town  of  Kussia,  gov. 
&  77  m.  N.N.E.  Tcherni^ov.     P.  1,500. 

ZicAvo,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
Corsica.     P.  1,249. 

ZiEGELHAusEN,  a  viU.  of  BadcD,  on 
fthe  Keeker.     P.  1,471. 

ZiEGENHALz,  a  towu  of  Prussiari  Si- 
lesia, on  the  Biela.     P.  3,500. 

ZiEGENHAiN',  a  fortified  town  of  Ger- 
many, H.-Cassel.     P.  1,727. 

ZiEGENOBT,  two  contiguous  vills.  of 
Prussian  Pomerania.     P.  1,140. 

ZiELENziG,  a  walled  town  of  Prussia, 
26  m.  N.N.E.  Frankfiirt,  on  the  Poste. 
P.  4,400. 

Zieeenbeeg,  a  walled  town  of  Ger- 
many, H.-CasseL     P.  1,601. 

ZiERiKZEE,  a  fortified  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  on  the  isl.  Schouwen.  near 
the  E.  Scheldt.  P.  6,890.  It  is  the  oldest 
town  in  Zeeland. 

ZiESAR,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony. 
P.  2,750. 

ZiGNAGO,  a  vill.  of  N.  Italy,  Sard, 
dom.     P.  1,287. 

ZiLiTEN,  a  maritime  town  of  N.  Africo, 
on  the  gulf  of  Sidra. 

ZiLLEH,  Zela,  a  town  of  Asia- Minor. 
P.2,000families.(7)^  It  has  a  fortress  on 
the  site  of  an  ancient  temple.  50,000 
persons  from  all  the  commercial  towns 
of  Asiatic  Turkey,  attend  a  fair  here. 

ZiMAPAN    &    ZiMATLAN,  twO    viUs.  of 

the  Mexican  eonfed. 

ZiMiTB,  a  town  of  S.  America,  New 
Granada. 

Zimmeen  (Gross),  a  market  town  of 
Germany  on  the  Ger.sprienz.     P.  2,930. 

ZiXGST,  an  island  of  Pi^ssian  Pomera- 
nin,  in  the  Baltic.     L.  14  m.,  br.  2  m. 


ZiNJi,  a  large  vill.  of  Turkish  Kurdi- 
stsin. 

ZiNNA,  a  town  of  Prussia,  reg.  &  27 
m.  S.  Potsdam.     P.  1,760. 

ZiNTEN,  a  tchvn  of  E.  Prussia,  on  the 
Straddig.     P.  2,500. 

.ZiPAQUiEA,  a  small  town  of  S.  Amer., 
New  Granada. 

ZiPH,  a  ruined  town  of  Palestine. 

Zips,  a  vill.  of  Hungary,  in  the  co.  to 
which  it  gives  name. 

ZiRKE,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  on 
the  Warta.     P.  2,070. 

ZiEKNiTZ,  a  market  town  of  Illyria, 
Carniola.  P.  1,300.— The  lake  of  Zirk- 
nitz,  6  m.  long,  3  m.  broad.         ^ 

ZiRMiE,  a  to^m  of  Cent.  Africa,'Nigritia. 

ZiRONA,  a  small  island  of  Dalmatia,  in 
the  Adriatic. — Zirtz,  or  Zircz,  is  a  small 
town  of  Hungary. 

ZiTTAu,  a  town  of  Saxony,  26  m.  S.E. 
Bautzen,  on  1.  b.  of  the  Mandau.    P. 
9,268.      It  is  the  centre   of   the    linen         ^ 
■manuf.  of  Lusatla. 

ZiTURER,  a  vill.  of  Turkish  Armenia, 
on  the  Joruk. 

Ziz,  a  river  of  Morocco,  is  lost  in  the 
sauda  of  the  Sahara.-  Course  estimated 
at  upwards  of  200  miles. 

ZizERs,  a  market  town  of  Switzerland, 
near  the  Upper  Khine.     P.  1,018. 

ZiABiNGs,  a  town  of  Moravia,  29  miles 
S.S.W.  Iglau.     P.  2,176. 

Zlatust,  a  village  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
105  m.  N.W.  Troitsk. 

Zleb,  a  market  town  of  Bohemia.  P. 
1,065. — Zliii  is  a  town  of  Moravia,  on  the 
Drewniza.     P.  2,630. 

Zloczow,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland) 
Galicia.     P.  4,000. 

Zmeixogorskoi,  a  fortified  &  mining 
town  of  Siberia.     P.  4,900. 

Zmiev,  a  town  of  European  Bussia,  on 
the  Sivemoi-Donetz.     P.  3,000. 

Zna,  or  TzNA,  two  rivers  of  Russia. 

1,  joins  the    Moksha,    after   a  N. 

course  of  200  miles. II.  after  a  N.E. 

course,  joins  the  Msta. 

Znaim,  a  town  of  Moravia^  on  1.  b.  of 
the  Thaya.     P.  5,010.         • 

Znin,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  23 
m.  S.S.W.  Bromberg.     P.  1,351. 

ZoAGLi,  a  comm.  &  market  town  of 
N.  Italy,  on  the  gulf  of  Genoa.    P.  3,873. 

ZoAR,  a  vill.  of  Ohio,  co.  &  on  the  Tus- 
carawas, 96  m.  N.E.  Columbus.  The  vill. 
is  inhabited  by  a  German  colony,  &  has 
iron  works,  &  a  large  botanic  garden. 

Zobeir,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  3  m. 
S.W.  Bassorah. 

Zoblitz,  a  town  of  Saxony,  19  m.  S.E. 
Chemnitz.     P.  1..545. 


zvo] 


UNIVERSAL    GAZETTEER. 


ZoBTEN,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia. 
P.  1,620. 

ZoFiNGEN,  a  town  of  Switzerland'.  P. 
3,175. 

ZoGNO,  a  vill.  of  Austrian  Italy,  on 
the  Brembo.     P.  2,000. 

ZoHAB,  a  town  of  Persian  Kurdistan. 
It  once  consisted  of  1,000  houses. 

ZoHKEi^  or  Tab,  a  river  of  Persia, 
flows  mostly  W.-ward,  &  after  a  W.  course 
of  100  m.,  enters  the  Persian  gulf. 

ZoLKiEw,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia.     P.  3,927. 

ZoLLVEREiisf,  the  name  given  by  the 
Germans  to  the  confederation  known  in 
this  country  as  the  Prussian  Commercial 
Union. 

ZoLOTONosHA,  a  towQ  of  Russ.  Poland, 
go\:.  &  105  m.  W.  Poltava,  cap.  dist. 

ZoLOTOPOL,  a  market  town  of  Russia, 
42  m.  S.E.  Svenigorodka.     P.  1,500. 

ZoLOTSHEV,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the 
Uda.     P.  5,000. 

ZoMBOR,  a  town  of  S-  Hungary,  cap. 
CO.  Bacs,  27  m.  N.N.W.  Pesth.    P.  22,000. 

ZoNHOVEN,  a  comm.  &vill.  of  Belgium. 
P.  2,776. 

ZoNOMA,  a  town  of  Upper  California, 
on  W.  side  of  the  bay  of  San  Francisco. 

ZoRBiG,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  on 
the  Strenkbach  &  Fiihne.  P.  2,369.— 
Zorge  is  a  vill.  of  Brunswick.     P.  1,454. 

ZoHN,  a  river  of  France,  joins  the 
Mod&r  on  right.  Course  45  m. — Zorn- 
dorf  is  a  vill.  of  Prussia. 

ZossEN,  a  walled  town  of  Prussia,  22 
m.  S.  Berlin.     P.  1,919. 

ZscHOPPAU,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the 
Zschoppau.     P.  6,169. 

ZuBiBNA,  a  town  of  N.  Italy,  Piedmont. 
P.  of  comm.  2,452. 

ZucA-PA,  a  town  of  Central  America, 
state  Guatemala. 

ZucKMANTEL.  a  frontier  town  of  Aus- 
trian Silesia.     P.  4,181. 

ZuEROs,  a  town  of  Spain,  28  m.  S.E. 
Cordova.     P.  2,024. 

ZuG,  a  central  canton  of  Switzerland, 
&  the  smallest  in  the  confederation.  L. 
15  m. ;  greatest  br.  9  m..  Area,  85  sq.  m. 
P.  15,322,  entirely  Roman  Catholics,  & 
speaking  German.  Zug  joined  the  Swiss 
confederation  in  1352. — Zng,  the  cap.,  is 
situated  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  lake  of 
Zug,  at  the  foot  of  the  Zugerberg,  52  m. 
E.N.E.  Bern.  P.  3,085.— The  Zugersee, 
or  lake  of  Zug,  in  the  S.W.  of  the  canton 
Zuz,  is  9  m.  long  &  2  to  3  m.  broad. 

Zuiderzee,  a  gulf  of  the  German 
ocean,  in  the  Netherlands.  The  Zuiderzee, 
formerly  a  lake,  was  united  to  the  GST- 
man  ocean  by  an  inundation  in  1282. 


ZujAR,  Mcetera,  a  town  of  Spain,  near 
the  Barbata.     P.  1,655. 

ZuLiA,  a  dop.  of  Venezuela,  S.  Amer. 
Area,  89,000  sq.  m.  P.  154,000.  It  sur- 
rounds the  lake  of  Maracaybo. 

ZuLLicHAu,  a  walled  town  of  Prussia, 
50  m.  E.S.E.  Frankfurt.     P.  4,898. 

ZuLPicH,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia. 
P.  1,188.  It  is  believed  to  be  the  ancient 
Tolbiacum,  near  which  Clovis  tlefeated 
the  Germans  in  the  year  496. 

ZiJLz,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on 
the  Biala.    P.  2,739. 

ZuMPANGO,  a  mkt.  town  of  the  Mexican 
confed.     P.  1,500. 

ZuNGOLi,  a  town  of  Naples.    P.  1,'800. 

ZuEGENA,  a  town  of  Spain,  38  m.  N.E. 
Almeria,  on  rt.  b.  of  the  Almanzor.  P. 
2,930. 

ZuRi,  an  island  of .  Dalmatia,.  in  the 
Adriatic.     L.  7  m. 

Zurich,  a  canton  of  Switzerland,  in  the 
N.  Area,  687  sq.  m.  P.  231,576,  nearly 
all  Protestants,  &  using  the  German  lan- 
guage. Zurich  holds  the  first  rank  among 
the  cantons  of  the  Swiss  confederation^  > 
Contingent  to  the  federal  army  is  6,726 
men,  451  horses,  &  92,640  francs.  Chief 
towns,  Zurich,  Eglisau.  Wadenschwyl,  & 

Winterthur. Zurich  (auc.   Turicum), 

the  cap.,  is  situated  on  the  Limmat,  at 
its  exit  from  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the 
lake  of  Zurich,  60  miles  N.E.  Bern.  P. 
14,500,  nearly  all  Protestants.  The 
Limmat  divides  it  into  2  parts,  which 
communicate  by  3  fine  bridges.  It  is 
surrounded  by  old  walls,  &  has  an  arsenal 
with  a  fine  collection  of  armory.  Near 
it  the  Swiss  defeated  the  Austrians,  22d 
July  1443,  &  the  French  defeated  the 
Russians  &  Austrians,  26th  August  1799. 
— The  lake  of  Zurich,  celebrated  for  its 
picturesque  beauty,  is  enclosed  at  its  E. 
end  by  the  cantons  Schwyz  &  St.  Gall. 
Length,  23  miles  ;  breadth,  J  mile  to  2? 
miles. 

ZuRMiE,  a  town  of  Central  Africa, 
Houssa,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Niger. 

ZuRuiwA,  a  river  of  Brazilian  Guiana, 
after  a  S.E. -ward  course  of  80  m.  joins 
the  Takutu. — ^11.  a  town  of  Ecuador, 
dep.  Assuay.  P.  6,000. — Zuruviillo  is  a 
village  of  Peru. 

ZuTKUERdUE,  a  comm.  &  vill.  of 
France,  dep.  Pas-de-Calais.     P.  1,862. 

ZuTPHEN,  a  town  of  the'  Netherlands, 
on  the  Yssel.    P.  11,113. 

ZuviA,  a  town  of  Spain,  4  m.  S.E.  Gra- 
nada, on  1.  b.  of  the  Genii.     P.  3,095. 

ZvERiNGOLovsK,  a  towu  of  Siberia,  on 
the  Ui. 

ZvoRNiK,  a  fonified  town  of  European 


856 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


[ZAD 


Turkey,  Bosnia,  on  the  Drin,  30  m.  from 
its  mouth  in  the  Save.     P.  15,000.(7) 

Zwaet-Behg  (the  "black mountain"), 
two  mountain  ranges  of  S.  Africa,  Cape 
Colony. — The  Zwart-Doom^  a  river,  en- 
ters the  Atlantic. 

ZwARTKOPS,  a  riv.  of  S.  Africa,  Cape 
Colony,  tri)3utary  to  the  Little  Doom 
river,  which  it  joins  after  W.S.W.  course 
of  100  m.— The  Zwartland,  is  a  fertile 
tract  of  the  same  colony. 

ZwARTSLUis,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, on  the  Zwarte  Water.     P.  3,650. 

ZwEiBRucKEN,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Ba- 
varia, on  the  Erbach.     P.  6,920. 

ZwELLENDAM,  the  most  S.  division  of 
the  Cape  Colony,  S.  Africa.     Area,  7,616. 
sq.  m.     P.  19,847. — Zivellendam,  the  cap. 
,is  110  m.  E.  Cape  Town. 

ZwENKAu,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the 
Elster.     P.  2,612. 

ZwETTEL,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria, 

ontheKamp.     P.  2,150. 

■"    Zwickau,  a  town  of  Saxony,  cap.  circ., 

on  1.  b.  of  the  Mulde,  60  m.  S.W.  Dres- 

-den.     P.  8,837.    It  has  a  church,  with  a 


lofty  tower,  a  gymnasium,  with  a  library 
of  30,000  vols. II.  a  town  of  Bohe- 
mia. P.  3,835. — Zwiesel,  is  a  market 
town  of  Lower  Bavaria,  on  the  Regen. 
P.  1,245. 

ZwiNGENBEEG,  a  town  of  Germany,  at 
the  foot  of  the  Meliboous  mountain.  P. 
1,445. 

ZwiTTAu,  a  river  of  Moravia,  after  a 
S.  course  of  55  miles  joins  the*Schwarza. 

II.  a  walled  town  of  Moravia.     P. 

3,699. 

ZwOLLE,  a  fortified  town  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, cap.  prov.  Over-Yssel,  on  the 
Zwarte- "Water.     P.  16,950. 

ZwoLLEN,  a  town  of  Poland,  19  miles 
E.S.B.  Radom.     P.  2,026. 

ZwoMiTz,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  he 
Zwomitz.     P.  2,012. 

ZwYNDRECHT,  a  comm.  &  market  town 
of  Belgium,  on  the  Scheldt.     P.  2,200. 

Zydaczow,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
Galicia.     P.  2,141. 

Zydowo,  a  town  of  Prussia,  6  miles  S. 
Gnesen.    P.  530. 


^.