BANCROFT
LIBRARY
<>
THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
1/^6^
^
^^
D B00£
MONTEREY
' In a mantle of old traditions,
In the rime of a vanished day,
The shrouded and silent City
Sits by her crescent Bay."
Monterey and Salinas Valley
EAILEOAD.
Connecting at Salinas City with Southern Pacific
Railroad for
San Francisco^ San Jose, Soledad, Paso Robles
Springs, and all 'Points East, North
and South.
At Monterey, with G-. N. <fe P.'s Passenger Steamships
for
Santa Cruz, San Simeon, San Luis Olrispo, San
ta Barbara, Los Angeles, and all Points
on the Coast South of San Francisco.
The most desirable route to Santa Cruz, Aptos, Pesca-
dero, and Soquel; Point Pinos, Moss Beach, Point Cypress,
Old Carmel Mission, and Pacific Grove Retreat.
No Staging, Four Steamers Weekly between Monterey
and Santa Cruz.
JOHN MARKLEY,
Gen. Ticket Agent.
JOSEPH W. NESBITT,
Superintendent.
THE H.A.ISTD BOOK
•>„-
MOHTEREY MD YICIHITY
CO NTAINING
i
A BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF MONTEREY SINCE ITS DISCOVERY ;
A GENERAL REVIEW OF THE RESOURCES AND PRODUCTS OF MONTEREY
AND THE COUNTY ; DESCRIPTIVE SKETCHES OF THE TOWN,
AND THE POINTS OF INTEREST IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD ;
CARMEL MISSION AND VALLEY ; PACIFIC GROVE
RETREAT; POINT CYPRESS, POINT PINOS
AND THE LIGHT HOUSE ; SALINAS,
CASTROVILLE, SAN JUAN,
SAN ANTONIO MISSION,
AND OTHER PLACES OF INTEREST IN THE COUNTY.
A COMPLETE GUIDE BOOK,
For Tourists, Campers and Visitors.
MONTEREY, 1873.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1875, by WALTON & CURTIS, in the Office of
the Librarian of Congress at Washington.
PRICE ... ... FIFTY CENTS.
AUTHORITIES QUOTED.
Records of Mission of San Carlos. Junipera Serra, Juan Crespi,
and others.
United States Coast Survey.
Three Years in California. Walter Colton.
Natural Wealth of California. Cronise.
U. S. Agricultural Reports:
Smithsonian Institute Reports.
Unpublished Memoranda. Dr. C. A. Canfield.
California Scrap Book.
Resources of Monterey County.
Resources of San Benito County.
Overland Monthly.
The Californian.
Monterey Republican.
Monterey Herald.
Santa Cruz Sentinel.
Salinas City Index.
Salinas City Town Talk.
Castroville Argus.
San Francisco Alta, Call, Chronicle, and Examiner.
CONTENTS.
FSfeg-
-
X
PjkQK.
Monterey, Poem, by E. E. Curtis 5
Historical Sketch . . : G
Portala's Cross, by Bret Harte 17
Monterey and Vicinity 19
Carmel Valley and Mission 25
Point Cypress 36
Monterey, Poem, by D. O'Connell 42
The Whale Fishery 44
Chinese Colony 49
Pacific Grove Eetreat 50
Light House ...... 54
Monterey, Poem, by Mrs. Annie E. Merritt. ... 55
^Monterey as a Port 57
The M. & S. V. R. R 60
Health and Climate, with Tables , 63
Increase of Business 71
Town Officers, etc 72
Objects, of Historical Intere^ 74
Our Pioneer Residents 82
Disinterested Opinions . . .A . 83
Sea Bathing 85
Iron Springs 87
4 CONTENTS.
PAGE.
Coal Mines 89
Our Wild Flowers 89
Trades Directory 91
The County 97
Salinas City Ill
Castroville 116
Moss Landing 120
Santa Rita 120
Soledad 120
Chualar 121
Gonzales 121
Natividad 121
Soledad Mission 122
San Antonio Mission 123
San Juan Mission 124
Hollister 125
San Juan Township ". 126
Advertisements. . 128»
Like a maiden musing sadly o'er her suitors turned away,
Long she sat in lonely beauty close beside her crescent bay.
Heeding not the world of action that beyond her portals lay ;
Careless of the strife of nations, living only for to-day.
•
Dreaming of a golden future, while the present drifted by,
As a ship becalmed may linger 'neath the storm-cloud in the sky.
All her passions wrapped in slumber ; slowly through her languid veins
Flowed her blood, as in midsummer creeps the stream across the plains.
Never lover came to woo her, never woke she from her trance,
Like the mystic Sleeping Beauty in the pages of romance.
Till the fairy Prince of Progress smiled upon her hidden charms,
On her ripe lips quickly kissed her, reached and drew her to his arms.
At his touch she slowly started : Indolence her limbs had bound
While she lingered, idly dreaming, where the tasseled tree-tops sound ;
And though heart and soul were eager to accept the proffered love,
'Neath the tyrant's chain they struggled, as the wings of prisoned dove.
Not in vain she strives to free them ; for, behold ! the chain is burst !
Aided by the arm of Progress soon the last shall be the first.
Soon a queen among the cities that adorn our golden coast
Shall she stand, and in her glory, of her noble lover boast.
EDWIN EMMET CURTIS.
MONTEREY, July, 1875.
EistQriesI Sksteh of Mosteny.
So intimately is the history of Monterey connected and inter
woven with that of California, and in a lesser degree, with that of
Mexico and Spain, that to detail it faithfully and accurately would
require more space than we. have at our command. We propose,
therefore, to sketch as briefly as possible some of the leading events
of its history, from the period of its discovery until the present day.
Early in the spring of 1602, the Viceroy of Mexico, acting under
instructions from Philip III of Spain, who was anxious to obtain
possession of California, dispatched Don Sebastian Viscaino, in com
mand of three small vessels, on a voyage of discovery up the coast.
Their passage was rendered extremely slow by prevailing head
winds, and the exploration of the peninsula, now known as Lower
California, was not completed until the beginning of November.
On the 10th of that month they arrived at the harbor of San Diego,
where they remained ten days, and departed highly pleased with
the climate, soil, and peaceful disposition of the Indians. After
landing on Santa Catalina Island, and at other places, for the pur
pose of celebrating Mass, they rounded the Point of Pines, and
cast anchor in the storm-sheltered waters of our beautiful bay on
the 10th day of December, 1602.
Viscaino, who was probably the first white man to place foot upon
he soil of this town, took possession of the country in the name
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 7
of the King of Spain. The holy sacrament was then partaken of
under the spreading branches of an oak tree, at the mouth of a
small ravine, and the spot named Monterey, in honor of Caspar de
Zuniga, Count de Monterey, the Viceroy of Mexico, who had fitted
out the expedition.
Viscaiao was unprepared to establish a Mission ; so, after a stay
of eighteen days, he continued on his voyage ; first however taking
a full description of the country, its productions, and the character
of the natives. He described the country as being clad in the
deepest verdure, the soil most productive, the natives extremely
docile, and, therefore easily converted. Although Viscaino hoped
soon to return with material for the founding of a Mission, his hopes
were never realized, and Monterey still remained a wilderness.
Over 166 years elapsed ere Monterey was again visited by the
white man. On July 14, 1769, Gaspar de Portala, Governor of
Lfwer California, at the head of a party of sixty-five persons, set
out from San Diego to rediscover Monterey. He arrived at Mon
terey, but failing to identify the place, merely erected a cross and
proceeded on his way north.
The third attempt to establish a settlement at Monterey, however,
proved more successful. The following extract from a letter of
the leader of the expedition to Father Francisco Palou, gives a
graphic account of the ceremonies attending the formal founding of
the Mission of San Carlos de Monterey, by Padre Junipero Serra,
on that memorable day, June 3rd, 1770. *
" On the 31st of May, 1770, by favor of God, after rather a
painful voyage of a month and a half, the packet San Antonio,
8 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
commanded by Don Juan Perez, arrived and anchored in this
beautiful port of Monterey, which is unadulterated in any degree
from what it was when visited by the expedition of Don Sebastian
Viscaino, in 1602. It gave me great consolation to find that the
land expedition had arrived eight days before us, and that Father
Crespi and all others were in good health. On the third of June,
being the holy day of Pentecost, the whole of the officers of sea and
land, and all the people, assembled on a bank at the foot of an oak,
where we caused an altar to be erected, and the bells rang ; we
then chanted the Veni Creator, blessed the water, erected and
blessed a grand cross, hoisted the royal standard, and chanted the first
mass that was ever performed in this place ; we afterwards sung the
Salve to Our Lady before an image of the illustrious Virgin, which
occupied the altar ; and at the same time preached a sermon, con
cluding the whole with , a Te Deum. After this the officers took
possession of the country in the name of the King, (Charles HE)
our Lord, whom God preserve. We then all dined together in a
shady place on the beach ; the whole ceremony being accompanied
by many vollies and salutes by the troops and vessels."
Later, on the same day, was solemnized the first funeral, being
that of a caulker named Alejo Nino, who died on board the San
Antonio a few -days previous. He was buried with the honors of
the Church at the foot of the cross they had erected.
• The San Antonio soon sailed for Mexico, leaving behind Father
Junigero, five priests, Lieutenant Pedro Fages and thirty soldiers.
The Indians, as Yiscaino had predicted, were ready converts,
and " seated under those dark Monterey pines, told ghostly stories
HAND BOOK OF. MONTEREY. 9
of how brightly the crosses shone that each white man wore on his
breast the first time they had passed through there, no! knowing
the place ; and of the great cross that was planted by Portala be
fore he knew he was at the spot he coveted ; how it would grow at
night till its point rested among the stars, glistening the while with
a splendor that outshone the sun ; that when their superstitious
dread wore off they had approached, planted arrows and feathers
in the earth around it, and hung strings of sardines, as their
choicest offering, upon its arms." *
Monterey was at once selected as the capital of Alta California,
and Portala appointed as its first governor. Owing to the small
amount of available agri cultural land within the semicircle of hills
surrounding Monterey, the Mission was soon removed to the neigh
boring valley of Carmelo.f The presidio or military establishment,
however, still remained at Monterey. This consisted of an enclos
ure about 300 yards square, containing a chapel, storehouses,
offices, residences and barracks for the soldiers. It was located
where the Catholic church now stands. A rude fort was built on
the hill overlooking the bay, and armed with a few small cannon.
These constituted the nucleus of the future town.
Calmly the years drifted away, scarcely causing a ripple upon
the slowly swelling tide of progress. Governor succeeded governor,
and each was content to render tribute to the Viceroy of Mexico,
while the fruitful land over which he ruled maintained him in lux
urious idleness. In 1822, Mexico, becoming tired of Spanish rule,
* TuthilPs History of California.
f A more complete account of the Mission is given in another chapter.
2
10 HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY.
established herself as a separate empire. Upon receiving intelli
gence of this important event, Governor Pablo Vicente de Sola
summoned a council of the principal military officials and church
dignitaries at Monterey, and formally announced the action of their
mother country. The council unanimously decided that henceforth
California was subject to Mexico alone. The oaths were changed
and Sola became the first Mexican governor, or more correctly,
" Political Chief of the Territory." The apathetic inhabitants
offered no resistance, and the change was effected without a
struggle.
In 1828 the Mexican Congress adopted a plan of colonization,
which authorized the Governors of dependent territories to grant
unoccupied lands to all persons who properly petitioned for them,
and agreed to cultivate and reside upon them a certain portion of
the time. These grants were subject to the approval of the terri
torial legislature. Many of the old settlers availed themselves of the
privilege thus accorded them and obtained a title to vast ranchos,
then of little value, but destined in after years to render those who
were fortunate enough to hold them immensely wealthy.
The harbor of Monterey was visited about this time by numerous
vessels, which realized an enormous profit by trading their assorted
cargoes for hides.
On the 25th of September, 1834, Hijar, Director of Colonization,
arrived at Monterey on the brig Natalia* for the purpose of
secularizing the Missions. The Natalia, which was the same ves
sel in which Napoleon the Great made his memorable escape from
Elba, was thrown upon the beach by a storm and totally wrecked.
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 11
I
The remaining timbers of this historical vessel may yet be seen at
low tide, a few yards east of the railload wharf. The seculariza
tion scheme was successfully accomplished, and the missions placed
under the charge of Governor Figueroa.
Figueroa, who. was the best ruler California had yet seen, died on
the 29th of September, 1835. Then ensued a series of insurrections
which were only terminated by the American conquest. A dissen
sion first arose between Nicholas Gutierrez, who was Governor
after Figueroa's death, and Juan Bautista Alvarado, Secretary of
the Territorial Deputation, concerning a question of Custom House
discipline. Alvarado, who was a native Californian of talent and
education, insisted so strongly upon his position that Gutierrez
ordered his arrest. Before the warrant could be served Alvarado
had escaped, and found refuge in the cabin of Isaac Graham, a
pioneer of Santa Cruz. Here a plan was laid to seize Monterey
and declare the independence of California. They organized a
company of one hundred natives under Jose Castro, and fifty rifle
men led by Graham ; entered Monterey at night ; imprisoned the
Governor and his soldiers in the presidio ; and after firing one shot
from a four-pounder, obtained possession of the town. Alvarado
was declared Governor, and Guadalupe Vallejo placed at the head
of the military.
Early in 1840, Governor Alvarado, who had become exceedingly
jealous of all foreigners, especially of his former friend Graham, pre
tended to have received information of a deep-laid plot to overturn
the government. Castro was ordered to arrest all connected with
the conspiracy, and by a strategic movement succeeded in surpris-
12 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
ing and arresting nearly a hundred persons, principally Americans.
Afterward, about twenty of Ihe supposed ringleaders were trans
ported in chains to San Bias. In July of the same year, the
American man-of-war St. Louis and a French ship arrived at
Monterey for the purpose of demanding satisfaction. Alvarado was
so badly frightened at their arrival that he fled to the interior, on
a pretext of business, and did not return to the Capital until the
coast was again clear. For two years everything remained quiet.
In July, 1842, the foreigners, so summarily banished, unexpect
edly returned on board a vessel furnished them by the Mexican
Government, which had not approved of -Alvarado's uncalled-for
action. They brought the startling news that General Michel-
torena had been appointed to both the civil and military command
of California. He arrived at San Diego in August, and was travel
ing northward in grand style, when intelligence reached him that
caused him to suddenly halt at Los Angeles. This was that Com
mander Jones, in command of the frigate United States and sloop-
of-war Cyane, had taken possession of the country, and hoisted
the Stars and Stripes at Monterey. Alvarado surrendered on the
20th of October, and California was, apparently, a portion of the
American Union. The next day, however, Jones discovered that
he had made a blunder — that Mexico was not yet at war with the
United States — and therefore he gracefully hauled down the flag
ajid apologized. Micheltorena now came to Monterey and assumed
the duties of his office. He ruled until February 1st, 1845, when
he was ousted by Vallejo, Alvarado and Castro, and Don Pio Pico
placed in his stead.
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 13
The year 1846 was a notable one in the annals of Monterey.
On July 7th, of that year, Commodore Sloat, who had arrived in
the U. S. frigate Savannah a few days previously, dispatched
Captain Mervine, at the head of 250 men, on shore, with instruc
tions to hoist the American flag over Monterey. Amid the firing
of cannon from the shipping in the harbor and the cheers of the
assembled citizens, the glorious Stars and Stripes were raised,
and a proclamation read, declaring California henceforth a portion
of the United States. The people accepted the change with
characteristic resignation, and Walter Colton was appointed the
first Alcalde under the new regime.
Colton, who had previously been Chaplain of the frigate Con.
gress, held the office of alcalde for three years, during which time
he figured prominently in the affairs of the town. In connection
with Semple, a pioneer from Kentucky, he established the first
newspaper ever published in California. It was called the Calif or-
nian, and made its first appearance on Saturday, August 15th,
1846. It was printed on paper originally intended for the manu
facture of cigaritos, and was a little larger than a sheet of foolscap.
The office was resurrected from the remains of a small concern
formerly used for printing Roman Catholic tracts in Spanish.
There being no W in the Spanish alphabet, they were compelled to
use two V's (thus, VV) whenever a W occurred. The Calif or-
nian, it is needless to say, was eagerly welcomed, and soon attained
quite a circulation. It was finally merged into the Alia California
when the latter paper was established at San Francisco.
The first jury summoned in California was empannelled by Col-
2*
14 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
ton, on September 4th, 1846. It was composed of one-third Mexi
cans, one-third Californians, and the other third Americans. This
new system of trial proved eminently satisfactory, as it always must
when properly administrated. To Colton also belongs the honor of
having erected the building, intended for a Town Hall and School
House, which bears his name.
On the 29th of May, 1848, intelligence of the discovery of gold
on the American Fork first reached Monterey. The report was
scarcely credited, yet it produced so much excitement that the
Alcalde was induced to dispatch a special messenger to investigate
its truth. On the 12th of June he returned, bringing specimens of
gold, and .a story of its lavish abundance more marvelous than an
Arabian Night's tale. Then commenced the grand rush to the
mines, which almost depopulated the town, and from which it has
never fully recovered.
On the 3d of June, 1849, (the 79th anniversary of the settle
ment of Monterey) Governor Riley issued a " Proclamation recom
mending the formation of a State Constitution, or plan of a Terri
torial Government." In pursuance of this proclamation, the Con
vention for forming a State Constitution met in Colton Hall (now
used as a school house) on the first of the following September.
Monterey was represented by the following delegates : H. W. Hal-
leek, T. 0. Larkin, C. T. Botts, P. Ord and L. Dent.
The labors of the Convention were successful beyond its most
sanguine expectations. A Constitution, remarkable for the wisdom
and liberality of its provisions, was adopted, and shortly afterward
ratified by the people. Upon adjournment, a salute of thirty-one
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 15
guns was fired, which echoed grandly back from the pine-wreathed
hills, proclaiming that soon a queen would step forth among the
sisterhood of States.
Although the convention accomplished such great results, it
effectually blighted the fair prospects of Monterey by the passage
of a resolution removing the state capital to San Jose.
By an Act of the Legislature, passed April 30th, 1851, the
town was duly incorporated. Philip A. Roach, who was then
Alcalde, was elected the first Mayor. His administration was un
marked by any events worthy of special mention. He was suc
ceeded by Gilbert Murdock, of the firm of Curtis & Murdock,
merchants, who was followed by W. H. McDowell.
Monterey did not long remain a city, for by an Act approved
May llth, 1853, her charter was amended and the control of mu
nicipal affairs vested in a board of three trustees.
In 1859 the town found herself so much in debt that it became
necessary, in order to meet her obligations, to sell the greater por
tion of the Pueblo grant. Such extravagance brought^the trustees
into disrepute, and at the next session of the Legislature the char
ter was again amended in such a manner as to render their powers,
either for good or for evil, exceedingly limited.
During the legislative session of 1869-70 an attempt at reincor-
poration was made ; the bill passed the Assembly, but was defeated
in the Senate. Another attempt was then made, but in some man
ner the bill again miscarried. A third effort to obtain the desired
result proved somewhat more successful. In 1873-74 the " Act
to Re-incorporate the City of Monterey " was carried through both
16 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
Houses and reached the Governor, who, it is alleged, failed to re
turn it within the specified time. Be this as it may, nothing more
was heard of the bill, and Monterey still remained under the nomin
al control of its trustees. The board at present consists of S. B.
Gordon, President ; H. Escolle, Treasurer ; and W. H. Bryan
Clerk.
Simultaneously with the growth of Salinas City, which was
becoming the liveliest town in the county, arose the question of
county seat removal. Monterey had held this honor ever since the
organization of the county, and the attempt of her younger rival to
wrest it from her was bitterly opposed. In spite of her efforts,
however, a petition signed by the requisite number of voters was
presented to the Board of Supervisors, who, as in duty bound,
ordered an election ; this was held on the 6th of November, 1872,
the day of the presidential election. The result was a victory for
Salinas City, and on the following February the county seat was re
moved to its present location.
From that time until the commencement of the narrow gauge
railroad in April, 1874, the fortunes of Monterey were at their
lowest ebb. Business of every description was almost stagnant ;
enterprise and improvement seemed to have no foothold witm'n her
quiet precincts, and aptly was she called " The sleepy hollow of
California." Like Atri in Abbruzo, described by Longfellow as
" One of those little places that have run
Half up the hill beneath a blazing sun,
And then sat down to rest, as if to say,
'I climb no farther upward, come what may,' "
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 17
She rested in peaceful somnolence — a veritable land of lotus
eaters — where the struggles of the outside world found no abiding
place.
The completion of the railroad marked a new era in .the history
of Monterey. Connected with the fertile Salinas Valley, having
a safe and commodious harbor, together with ample shipping facili
ties, there is no fear of a relapse into her former state of lethargy.
Although no great improvements have as yet been accomplished,
every day brings increased prosperity, and slowly but surely Mon
terey is advancing to take her destined place among the cities of
the coast.
PORTALA'S CROSS.*
BY BRET HARTE.
Pious Portala, journeying by land,
Reared high a cross upon the heathen strand,
Then far away
Dragged his slow caravan to Monterey.
The mountains whispered to the valleys, " good !"
The sun, slow sinking in the western flood,
Baptized in blood
The holy standard of the Brotherhood.
•
*See " Historical Sketch " for the incident referred to in this poem.
18 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
The timid fog crept in across the sea,
Drew near, embraced it, and streamed far and free,
Saying : " 0 ye
Gentiles and Heathen, this is truly He."
»
All this the Heathen saw ; and when once more
The holy Fathers touched the lonely shore —
Then covered o'er
With shells and gifts — the cross their witness bore.
Monterey has undoubtedly all the natural advantages for be
coming one of the leading watering places and summer resorts of
the State. Her natural beauty of scenery, the crescent-shaped,
pine-fringed hills, sloping down through park-like groves and
flowery swards on to the quaint old Spanish town nestling at their
feet, and on again to the silvery sands and creamy ripple of the
surf of the broad, beautiful, blue waters of the bay ; the eye at
length resting on the bold outlines of the lofty Santa Cruz mount
ains, towering to the sky. On the right we have Fremont's Peak
and the Gabilan Kange, breaking the long view over the rolling
plains. The light and shadows create a perpetual change, and the
variety of scenes is such that the eye never tires of gazing at na
ture's handiwork. Our sands are without rival — one long, bold
sweep of wide, gently sloping, clean white sands — the perfection of
a bathing beach. Around from the old wharf to the light-house
there are nooks and alcoves such as the poets love to sing as
the haunts of the mermaids. The great desideratum of a sea
side resort is a beach upon which children can with safety play and
bathe, and such we certainly have. Sea mosses, shells, and pebbles
we have in great variety, while for the amateur naturalist, geolo
gist, mineralogist, and several scientists, there are unrivaled oppor-
[19]
20 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
tunities for augmenting their information and collections. Tire of
the town, and you can have a trip to Carmel or Pescadero Bays,
beautiful in the extreme ; the old Mission of Carmel, full of histori
cal interest and beauty ; Point Cypress, or the light-house on Point
Pinos ; the Hot Springs at Tassajara, or go fishing either in the
bay or the rivers of the neighbouring mountains as they flow
through the rocky canons ; if of a nautical turn of mind you can
have sailing or rowing in safe waters. The salubrity of the climate
is almost proverbial. Let a worn-out invalid, or a man whose
brains have been racked with toil, come to us — the magnetic in
fluence of the atmo.sphere grants him sleep and restful health.
From our point of view, also, Monterey has great industrial re
sources in addition to her claims as a pleasant location and fine
climate, but these resources are in embryo, and await the hand of
energy and capital to bring them to the birth. Communication
with the outside world was the first great desideratum, and that,
within the past twelve months, has been to a great extent accom
plished ; the narrow-gauge railroad to Salinas connects us by land
with San Francisco, the Salinas Valley, and indirectly with all
points of the State. By sea we have regular and frequent inter
course with the city and the ports of the coast. The proposed ex
tension of the railroad to Hollister and a loop-line to C astro ville
will be the means of bringing to Monterey for direct shipment to
foreign ports the greater portion of the grain and other pro-
ductsfof the fertile counties of Monterey and San Benito. It
is also proposed, we believe, to. connect the M. & S. V. B.
E., via Soledad, with Santa Barbara in one direction ; and in the
other with the Watsonville and Santa Cruz Railroad.
HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY. 21
These communications not only offer a means of carrying away
the products when made, but indirectly create a demand for them
by assisting in the subdivision of large ranches into small farms,
and the consequent settling-up of the country and the increased
wealth of its inhabitants, the production of the raw article and the
demand for its manufacture. The industrial contributions to this
demand which Monterey could make had she the men of enterprise
and capital to carry them out, are the following, amongst others :
Tanneries — the stock-raisers of the county can supply the hides,
and the materials for tanning we have at hand cheaper than in
most parts of the State ; the same remarks apply to wool and
cloth mills, and shoe factories. San Francisco has had to send to
the East for bricks, while we have the clay capable of making
bricks of very good quality, as is shown by those already turned
out; the pottery clay is good, and ware is already manufactured
in small quantities. Our sand is considered the best in the State
for glass-making, and is exported in large quantities to San Fran
cisco for that purpose. San Jose is making building-blocks out of the
sands of the Coyote — our sands are of purer quality, and as superior
to theirs for that purpose as it is possible to imagine. Experts
say that our indications of coal and iron are of the most promising
character, and no less than six or seven companies are vigorously
prospecting in this direction. Many other minerals are also found
in small quantities, but have not yet been thoroughly searched for.
Lime kilns, flour mills and planing mills are wanted, and there are
good openings for them. Stock-raising, farming, and dairying are
sure roads to fortune in this county, and there are yet openings for
22 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
all. Our fisheries, whale, and edible fish, are increasing in import
ance. . The great State Camp-meeting location at Pacific Grove,
close to town, will give ample opportunities for strangers to invest
in small residential properties, and more than one land-owner has
announced his intention of dividing his land into building lots this
year.
Such are the views of some of our resources, but above all we
have that priceless boon of heaven, a healthy climate ; no agues
and fever, no chills or rheumatism, no sickness save that of old
age. The class of men who will be welcomed here are men of
energy and capital. As regards our town of Monterey, we have
enough grocers, saloonists, and mechanics ; what is actually needed,
is a first-class hotel, or manufactories — above all, men who will stay
with us a year or two and help to build us up, and not fly away
with the first breeze of disappointment.
We require two first-class hotels, competent to accommodate
visitors by the hundreds and not by the score — one in the town
and one on the hill-side, or at Littletown — there are two sites
admirably adapted for the purpose, which will be donated free of
expense to any one erecting the buildings ; a race course, which
might be advantageously placed in Toombs' grove, or at the foot of
the Carmel road ; bathing houses along the beach, and one good
large etablissement de bains, after the French fashion, in which
one can take his hot or cold bath, and afterwards find amusement
for the body and mind, or lounge away the day luxuriously and
idly. Handsome stores and a thriving town would soon follow as a
matter of course. It is no idle dream of a sanguine visionary to
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 23
i
believe that all these things will come sooner or later, and that
Monterey will become one of the most fashionable summer resorts
for the wealthy. Santa Cruz, Aptos, and Santa Barbara have
already become so. Their natural advantages are, in many re
spects, inferior to those possessed by Monterey ; but they have
that which Monterey has not — American enterprise, and capital
to assist it ; a hospitable welcome to the stranger, and the hand of
friendship extended to all who will cast in their lot with them.
Monterey dreams idly on, and will so dream until a fresh race of
men, such men as are now building up our California cities, enters
her dreamy Eden, and, with the rough but kindly hand of energy,
arouses her from her lethargy.
It cannot be long before this change takes place. All down the
coast, towns, not so well favored as Monterey, are being built up,
and her turn must come. San Francisco is now too firmly fixed to
fear the competition of Monterey, and that opposition on the part
of the press to her advancement, which has done so much to keep
our town back, will now probably be withdrawn, if we may judge
from the spirit of fair play exhibited by the Alta, Chronicle, and
Call, in admitting in their columns lengthy letters from Monterey.
One very natural thought must arise in the minds of reflective
readers — and it is to such that we address this work — and it is
this : If Monterey is so blessed by Nature as you state it to be, how
is it that she is so decayed in her glory and sunk in her worth ?
How is it, that, while San Francisco, Sa^nta Cruz, San Luis, Santa
Barbara, and many other towns, have sprung from nothingness into
24 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
position and wealth, Monterey has only retrograded from wealth
and position into comparative oblivion ?
To such a thought we would reply : The gold fever caused a
migration of the people from Monterey ; the establishment of Sac
ramento and San Francisco, whither congregated all the energy
and enterprise, and the consequent removal of the capital to
a more populated spot; the want of communication with the in
terior farming country, Monterey not having in her immediate
vicinity resources or population sufficient to support herself by
herself ; and, lastly, the character of her inhabitants — good-tem
pered, kind and hospitable, easy-going and listless, as are all the
Spanish-speaking races — they lived to enjoy life easily and com
fortably, not to be harassed with the cares and turmoils attending
energy and enterprise. Nature was bountiful to them, and they
lived on Nature's gifts. Mirth, music, and " manana," with just
sufficient exertion as was absolutely requisite to provide for their
necessities, constituted their rule of life. They drifted down with
the stream* The capital went, and then the county seat — and no
great exertion was made to retain either of them. A few men
looked ahead, and worked, and they are now enjoying their re
ward ; but the majority adopted the dolce far niente habits of the
natives, and did nothing but exist.
There is also another section of residents, whose policy it has
been to retard, by every means in their power, the growth of the
place, and consequent entry of competition, 4o be soon followed, as
they truly thought, by the loss of their influence, prosperity, and
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 25
position ; fortunately, in the ordinary course of nature their retire
ment to more congenial realms cannot be far distant.
Disquieting and prejudicial rumors of bad land titles have also
been sown broadcast, by interested parties, to prevent the sales of
property to willing investors.
The railroad has changed the state of affairs not a little ; and
events of the past year clearly prove, that, with an American popu
lation working in harmony with the more enlightened portion of the
old residents and natives, a great and prosperous city may yet be
built upon the site of the old capital. It is for our readers to pay
us a visit and judge for themselves of our prospects.
Carmel Mission and Valley.
The Valley of the Carmello River affords attractions to lovers of
Nature such as few other places in the State can furnish. The
passing traveler — be he artist or antiquary, geologist or
" grizzly shootist," piscator or pedestrian, " prospector" or pleasure
seeker — may here find something congenial to his taste. The road
from Monterey passes the old Cuartel, and branches off to the right,
having on one side a woody ravine and low, flat, level lands, stud
ded, park-like, with live oaks ; on the other, the well-wooded, pine-
feathered hills. Half way up the steep hill, we command a mag-
26 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
nificent view of Monterey, Santa Cruz, and the Oastroville and
Salinas Valleys, with Fremont Peak and the Gabilan for a back
ground. Reaching the summit, and looking to the right, through
a pretty wooded glen, the eye rests upon the broad ocean. A
shady road, up hill and down dale, with ever-changing views, all
beautiful, until the hill overlooking the Carmel vale is reached,
and there we have a sight worthy of Eden in its happiest days.
On our right, the mountain, which looms before us, heavy and
massive, gloomy and severe, tapers off into a narrow, pine-fringed,
sea-girt point, against which the blue waters of the Carmel Bay
dash with ever varying beauty. This point is named Point Lobos,
so called from the " lobos del mar " (sea wolves, a species of seal)
that collect on the point, and can be seen from the shore in large
numbers. Silvery sands line the Bay, whiter almost than the sea
foam as it splashes and sprays against the dark green background.
To our right, the valley winds between the mountains, and at our
feet the Carmel glistens in the sunlight as it flows through the
willows to the sea. Descend the hill, turn to the right, and we
have reached the ruins of the old Mission. Hardly a pleasing
sight to any one possessing the bump of veneration even in the
smallest degree. „ A few ruined, broken-down adobes encircle a
dreary, desolate, semi-roofless building, beautiful even in decay — all
that is left of the second Mission in California, and one that in its
day must have been a grand edifice, for it bears unmistakable
evidence of an accurate knowledge of architecture, blended with a
bold conception in its detail and skillful workmanship, considering
the materials at hand. In 1770, a little more than one hundred
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 27
years ago, the venerable Franciscan, Junipero Serra, wandering
over mountains and through vales, preaching the gospel of good
tidings and great joy, hung his bells on a tree in this spot, and
houted, " Hear, hear, 0 ye gentiles, come to the Holy Church !"
and thus gathered around him the Indian tribes of the Rumsienes
or Runsiens, the Escelenes or Eslens, the Eclemaches and Achas-
tlies. Captivated by the scenery, its proximity to the sea, and,
above all, the beautiful stream of water and the general fertility of
the valley, Serra
" Sought in these mountain solitudes a home ;
He founded here his convent, and his rule
Of prayer and work, and counted work as prayer."
He labored zealously among his native converts, and died in 1784,
loved by them all. He lies buried in the Mission which he founded.
Visitors should inspect the curious old 'pictures and relics of
antiquity in the chapel on the right.
We climb up into the deserted belfry, where erst the bells have
pealed, calling the worshipers to mass ; and rouse from his day
dreams its sole tenant- — the traditional old, grey owl, that stares
.wonderingly at us from its saucer-like eyes.
As we sit upon one of the fallen roof-beams, and gaze upon the
shattered font, tho broken-down crosses, the ruined altar, and the
general scene of devastation and desolation around us, and remem
ber that this is one of the most ancient and important historical
monuments of California, the home and the grave of the moral hero
of the age, the true pioneer of California progress — Junipero Serra,
and the tomb of no less than fifteen Governors of this State, a
28 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
painful feeling controls us. Carmel Mission is the old Westminster
Abbey of the State, the mausoleum of the great and the good, and
the nation rewards the services of the past bj giving up
the dust of the good and brave to the guardianship of
gophers and squirrels. Thorns and briars, nettles and loathsome
weeds, adorn their graves. A few short years, and naught will re
main of. this holy edifice save an undistinguishable mass of debris.
A few more years, and it will be too late — even now it will be some
what difficult — to restore it. Whatever is done should be done
quickly, nobly, and generously, for the present state of the Mission
is a standing reproach to the church which owns it and a disgrace
to the whole State of California. It is a monument for the preser
vation of which every Californian, especially the wealthy Pioneers,
should exert themselves to have the work of renovating the build
ing commenced as soon as possible. The day will come when his
tory will mark with contempt the present generation for permitting
the decay of this, the last resting place of the great and good
Padre Junipero.
On the 4th of November of each year the Monterey Padre holds
a religious festival in honor of San Carlos, the patron saint of Car-
mello. The ruins are decorated with flowers and evergreens, and'
mirth and festivity are the order of the day.
In the Mission soil were raised the first potatoes cultivated in Cal
ifornia. In 1771, an inventory of stock showed the Mission to be pos
sessed of 19 head of cattle, 10 mules, and 4 horses. The height
of its prosperity was reached in 1825. It then owned 87,600 head
of cattle, 60,000 sheep, 2,300 calves, 1,800 horses, 365 yoke of
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 29
•
oxen, a large amount of merchandise, and $40,000 in specie.
There is a tradition among the natives, that this money was buried
somewhere, on the report that a vessel, supposed to be a pirate,
had been seen off the coast.
Passing down the coast road the geologist may pursue his invest
igations ; or by obtaining a " permit" from Mr. A. Manuel, the
obliging secretary of the " Monterey Coal Mine Company," may
visit that mine and judge for himself of the prospects of our coal
deposits.
Still further down the coast, he may find more coal mines, wild
and romantic scenery, grizzly bears, deer, trout-fishing, and other
interesting and exciting " kill-times."
Keturning, he will find a small and pretty bay, forming a splendid
fishing boat harbor, and occupied by a company of Portuguese
whalers and Chinese fishermen. Here fresh fish and salmon-spear
ing may be had.
Returning to the valley, we pass on the hill-side a substantial
modern building, Mr. Gregg's house. His ranch is notable on ac
count of more than one fortunate owner having made a comfortable
" pile" on potatoes, the quantity and quality of which are very
good.
Journeying up the Carmel valley and passing the second dairy
farm on the Haight Ranch, (Mr. McDonald's) he will see to his
right, across the river, the mouth of a canon, to the left of which a
number of small shanties constitute the " rancheria." In one of
these shanties there lately died an Indian woman who was a " mu-
chacha" of some twenty-five summers when the Mission was formed.
30 HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY.
The road passing up the canon leads to the Potrero and San
Francisquito ranches, belonging to ,the Sargent Bros., and one of
the residences of B. W. Sargent, a gentleman deservedly popular
throughout the county ; also to the bee and fruit ranch of Messrs.
Smith & Wright, whose red-cheeked peaches and luscious grapes
are justly celebrated. There is also a quicksilver mine in their
neighborhood.
Continuing our journey along the main Carmel road, we come to
the James Meadows grant. Mr. Meadows is one of the oldest of
the Pioneers, he having come to Monterey in 1837. The school-
house is upon this gentleman's land.
The next farm is held by Mr. Berwick, an English gentleman,
whose enterprising experiments in agriculture cannot fail to be pro
ductive of great benefit to the State, and let us heartily wish it, to
himself.
The dairy of the Snively Bros, is the next farm. • Their butter
commands the same price in the San Francisco markets as any of
the first-class fancy dairies, and upon more than one occasion the-
price has been higher.
They planted, four years ago, as an experiment, two almond
•trees, two years old. One of them is now twenty feet high, with a
spread of twenty feet, and a girth, one foot from the ground, of
three feet. The tree bears a good quality of fruit. Their vines
are healthy. There is one little fellow about eighteen inches high,
which has four large bunches of grapes upon it. The peach, apri
cot, pear, and nectarine trees are simply loaded with fruit. Cher
ries and strawberries thrive well.
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 31
Their orange trees have not had a fair trial at present, but
pomegranates thrive well.
The ranch of Thomas Bralee is next reached. He came to
Monterey first in 1844, returning to reside in 1847. The land
scape here is very beautiful — hanging rocks and craggy buttresses.
The Laurelles ranch adjoins Mr. Bralee's, is one and one-half
leagues in extent, and is the property of Spaulding & Co.
Mr. S. is the well known professor of circular saw dentistry in
San Francisco, and is here engaged in the laudable endeavour to
make a somewhat wild tract of country " blossom as the rose."
The road runs through very romantic and picturesque scenery, and
the traveler may readily recognize the glossy green fragrant foliage
of the laurel trees (Oreodaphne Calif ornicd) from which the
ranch derives its name.
There is some good trout-fishing in the mountain streams, south
of the Carmelo River, on the Government land abutting on this and
the next ranch.
Los Tularcitos, of five and one-fourth leagues in extent, is the
property of A. J. Ougheltree, a pioneer of '49. This fine tract of
land situate in Europe might well constitute a ducal domain. In
California, however, it merely passes as a " fine ranch."
The first house passed on the road is in what is known as the
Chupinos Canon, and is occupied by a dairyman ; the next is Mr.
O.'s dwelling house, charmingly situated near a small lagoon of
spring water. Presuming our geologist to be also a palaeontologist,
he may, by inquiring of Mr. 0., have an opportunity of examining
some mammoth palseontological remains that are visible hereabouts.
32 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
Leaving the main road, and striking over the hills, south of Mr.
O.'s house, the Jachagua Valley is reached. Retracing your
steps to Mr. O.'s house, and again pursuing the main road, we
pass S. P. Gordon's ranch, Los Conejos, three-fourths league ;
Government land succeeds to this, occupied by Messrs. Finch,
Robinson, James, and others. Near Mr* James' house the wagon
road ends, and some ten miles of trail leads to the last glory of
Carmel,
The Tassajara Hot Springs,
About forty-five miles from Monterey. There are here some dozen
hot mineral springs — reported to be very effective remedial agents.
" All the ills that flesh is heir to," barring consumption, may here
find alleviation or cure. The late Dr. C. A. Canfield, our Monte
rey savant, forwarded some of the water to the Smithsonian Insti
tute, to be analyzed ; and it was reported the richest spring then
known in the United States. Thirty-two distinct ingredients were
found therein. The water reaches the surface of the earth at 140
to 150 degrees Fahrenheit. Mr. John Borden, the present pro
prietor, reports some remarkable cures.
The proprietor is endeavoring to form a joint stock company to
build a comfortable hotel and bath houses. Visitors can be accom
modated either with " al fresco " lodgings, in which case they
should carry their own necessaries, save provisions of all kinds,
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 33
which can be furnished to them ; or board and lodging can be
found for a limited number.
Having completed his course of baths, our traveler may now
proceed to the Mission of Soledad, twenty-five miles hence, or to
the Mission of San Antonio, through the Reliz Canon, about the
same distance.
Throughout the whole of Carmel the hunter may find sport in
plenty. Quails, rabbits, and hares are abundant, only too abun
dant for the farmer's good. Deer are to be found in the hills, and
bear are in force towards the coast.
The products of the Valley are beef, butter, cheese, potatoes, and
pork. Early potatoes are raised on the coast, and last season Mr.
Gregg shipped 6,000 sacks of late potatoes that were noted in the
market for their superior quality.
Whale oil and dried fish are also produced to a great extent.
For salubrity of climate, Carmel may fairly be considered unex
celled, possibly unsurpassable in the world.
Crops rarely fail on well tilled land, and even in years of drouth,
grasses do not entirely forget to grow.
The following letter, on the coast lands of this county, we copy
from the Santa Clara Echo :
" EDITORS ECHO : — Thinking a short communication in regard to
this county might be acceptable, I send you the following account of
its advantages as a district wherein settlers may procure desirable
farming and grazing lands.
" There is a section of country south of here, (Monterey) lying
directly on the coast — principally Government land — many valuable
34 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
portions of which are still unoccupied, that for climate, soil, and gen
eral adaptability for grazing purposes, cannot be excelled in the
United States, which is saying a great deal. There is a steep
range of mountains, running on a line with the ocean, and not far
from it. On the slope of this range, facing the ocean, there is
some of the finest land you ever gazed upon, comprising tables, or
ridges, and pretty little valleys. In the deep gulches intervening
there is the greatest abundance of the finest redwood and tan-b*ark
oak ; and in almost every one of these gulches there is a running
stream of water the year round, while one or two approach almost
the proportions of rivers. The grass continues fresh and green the
entire year. When stock is once driven into this range there is no
danger of their straying out ; indeed, you may stand in your door
way and see them easily during the whole day. To add to the
many other advantages that this beautiful section of country pos
sesses over other parts of the State, is the fact that there is but one
Spanish grant between the Carmello and San Luis Obispo, a distance
of from eighty to one hundred miles.
" It is a paradise for hunters, or for those who desire to live cheap
and do but little work ; yet it might not be deemed such by one
who owned a fine place on the line of your Alameda, but we are not
all so fortunate as to be possessed of such valuable property. Deer,
quail, and rabbits abound in abundance, while in the larger streams
trout are plenty ; then, if you dislike this sport, you can go down
to the ledges in front of your little cot, and fish in the surf for rock-
cod, which are very plenty, and easily caught. But the principal
feature is its remarkable climate, it being entirely free from frost
HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY. 35
throughout the year — at least, none neaft1 the ocean, although on
the hills it may be cold enough. To assure you further, I will
give you a little of my personal experience. During Christmas
week I was down the coast, some ten miles from here, (Monterey)
prospecting for coal, (and here let me inform you that fine prospects
of gold, silver, coal, and other minerals have been found in this
section) and while camping with some Spaniards, on their " squat," .
I soon felt the remarkable difference in the climate there and that
of other sections north, although we were only a short distance
from them. At night I slept on the mud floor of the barn, with
only a little hay under me, with a thin blanket and a quilt for cover
ing ; and although the wind blew pretty fresh from the ocean, and
you could put your hand anywhere through the crevices in the
shakes that covered the barn, I had to throw off the quilt during .
the night, it being uncomfortably warm. In the morning before sun
rise I could work quite comfortably without coat or vest'; yet it is
never hot or sultry during the summer season.
" On that night, as I learned afterwards, pumps and water-pipes
froze in other places. After breakfast, while we were walking
through a field, one of the Spaniards called my attention to some
weeds under our feet ; and there, exposed to my view, lay the
tenderest plant that grows in California, it being no less than the
Chile pepper, and that, too, in full bloom. ' How is that for
high,' on a New Year's day ? He also pulled up a potato vine,
with a new potato hanging to it that was as large as a common
sized hen egg.
" You will doubtless ask why such a country should remain
36 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
unsettled to this late day in California. I answer as best I can.
There is, as yet, but a very sparse population, and the country in
question has been almost inaccessible till within a few years, mainly
on account of the bad roads, or rather, the entire lack of them.
Up to some three years ago there was little more than a horse trail
below the Carmello ; but now you can go with a wagon for about
six miles from that stream. Below the present terminus, I am
told that the country looks splendid, and that the timber through
that country is heavy and plenty. I have been informed that
claims can be bought quite cheap, say from $800 to $1,000 ; or
claims can be taken up. Although the gulches are steep and the
bends in the road are sharp, you can haul with a good span of
horses five or six hundred pounds. The population are all males ;
I hear of only one woman being down there. You will bear in
mind that new settlers do not always represent the best society.
" Yours, C. S.
" MONTEREY, February 7th."
Cypress Point.
Cypress Point is the one spot more perfectly adapted than any
other place in the State for picnics and camping out.
Start out along the Carmel road, and take the path through the
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 37
woods ; climb the hill, and, resting on the flower-bedecked turf,
surrounded by ferns and groves, take in the view. Adown the
wooded slope, carpeted with a profusion of flowers of all colors
under the sun, the brown, barren-looking moorlands of the Salinas
plain rising and falling like an inanimate sea of motionless billows,
with here and there a bright emerald patch of some small, well-
tilled farm shining like a rough-set jewel. The stern and sombre
Gabilan range, with its serrated ridges and dark clusters of pine
woods, mellowed down with a filmy haze enshrouding its base. On
our left, the beautifully blue waters of the Bay of Monterey, as
smooth as a lake, half crescented with the lofty Santa Cruz range,
its pine-feathered ridges, the white sands upon which the milk-
white foam creeps and crawls with a sinuous motion like some huge
leviathan of the deep. The azure heavens flecked with clouds.
The whole panorama is one which the all-souled artist lives and
loves to paint. Surely the " NAPLES OF THE NEW WORLD " is the
Bay of Monterey.
On once again. We now enter a well shaded road, and catch
charming glimpses, here and there, of the grand old Carmel range,
and then suddenly there bursts upon our entranced sight a pano
rama of sky, ocean, and woods. The broad Pacific is only dis
tinguishable from the heavens above it , by its glittering sheen as
the sunlight plays upon its heaving breast. Anon, a little snow-
flake of foam dances on the molten surface as one billow, more
playful than the rest, shakes its snowy crest, or the white sails of
a ship appear, as swan-like she glides along the water. The
weird forest, with its gaunt, ghoul-like, black pines, moaning in
4*
38 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
harmony with the ceaseless roar of the waves as the breeze plays
through the branches. Cold and uninviting is the distant view of
this grim protector of the mysterious shades of the melancholy
cypress. Enter the forest, and as you pass through the flowery
glades the fragrance of the shrubs and the songs of the birds fall
pleasantly on the senses. Pass on, and crossing an open space of
green turf, startling the rabbits and quail, we enter another grove ;
the sun-flecks through the moss-hung and bearded trees, creating a
pleasant, subdued light, such as is met with in the ancient minsters
and Moorish alcazars of. Europe. An involuntary thrill of delight
runs through one, and from the storehouse of the mind rushes a
flood of memory of childhood's days with its ancient legends, of en
chanted groves and fairies. A few steps further, and the mystical
grove is reached and crossed, and we gaze with rapture on the
beauty of the sea coast. Surely God's world, beautiful as it is,
can scarcely show fairer spots.
Landward the imperturbable cypress grove, silent as the Pyra
mids, mystical as the Sphinx, the gnarled gray trunks supporting
the golden green branches — a fit haunt for departed spirits, a
Merlin, or a slumbering cot for a child of Cain.
" Cain. Cypress ! 'tis a gloomy tree,
As if it mourned o'er what it shadows ;
Wherefore didst thou choose it
For our child's canopy ?
Adah. Because its branches
Shut out the sun like night, and therefore seem'd
Fitting to shadow slumber.
Cain. Ay, the last and longest."
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 39
The sierras of the Santa Lucia droop down into the sea, brown,
barren, and velvety, like some old dust-begrimed tome in the old
library at home, uninviting on the outside but containing untold
riches under its gloomy and unforbidding garb. The ill starred
Moro rock lifts its dome-shaped head with threatening aspect,
warning mariners of the dangers of a rock-bound coast. The
craggy rocks jut out into the ocean, and the playful breakers as
they dash upon them send aloft showers of spray white as driven
snow, while the sunlight shines through the bright green billows as
they curl and dash along in their impetuous, neVer-ending race.
At our feet the silvery crystal sands are sprinkled with glistening
abelone shells, sea polished, and the varied colors of the beautiful
sea mosses. Little pools teem with marine life and form a perfect
aquaria, and the broad Pacific sweeps on in its uncontrollable
course, bearing upon its bosom the wealth of empires.
Cross the point through the woody glades towards Point Pinos,
passing pretty bays with white crystal sands and shelving beaches.
Here the billows charge in with a greater impetuosity, but well in
hand they break in a creamy ripple at the foot of the green-patched
sand dunes. The black pines from which the point was named
three hundred years ago, almost skirt the water. The mountains
of Santa Cruz bound the view. The many-plumaged sea birds flit
by, and the sea lions dive under the foaming billows. Stay and
watch the setting sun gild the trees and cast a golden haze upon
the swelling waters, and then ride home through the moonlit groves,
40 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
and if your trip to Cypress Point has not been a happy one blame
yourself, for possibly you may have forgotten that
" He who joy would win,
Must share it — happiness was born a twin.2'
The Monterey Cypress.
We extract the following from a letter written by the late Dr.
Canfield to the " Monterey Republican : "
" Very few ornamental trees are so easily made to grow in this
part of California, or are so useful when grown, as the Monterey
Cypress. Some trees, it is true, are easier raised and grow faster,
but are good for nothing when grown, and speedily decay. * '*
" The Monterey Cypress, it is unnecessary for me to say to those
who have seen it, is a beautiful evergreen, grows rapidly, is thick,
stout, and graceful, attaining a height of 40 to 60 feet. The
largest trunk I measured in the grove at Point Cypress, was nine
teen feet and two inches in circumference at three feet above the
ground ; or about six feet and four inches in diameter. The tim
ber is very durable, and makes excellent posts and rails. The
cones, or globules, are produced every year, and are about the size
of a large filbert. The seed is, in shape and size, like onion seed,
and may be sown in the same way and in the same sort of soil.
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 41
The cones do not fall from the trees, and the seed is retained in
them at Cypress Point, where the trees are kept almost constantly
damp by the fog that rolls in from the ocean, till it often becomes
mouldy and worthless. * * * With good seed it is as easy to
raise Cypress trees as it is to raise onions or parsnips. But great
care must be taken in transplanting them from the seed bed in the
nursery, not to let the roots dry. This should be done just so soon
in the fall as the ground becomes thoroughly moist, and the more
dirt taken -up with the roots the better. As soon as the ground
begins to get dry in the spring or summer, the trees should be
well watered every two or three days, sufficiently to keep the
ground around their roots moist. And the second year, also, if
any of the trees look feeble or unthrifty, they should be well
watered. If planted on dry land, they cannot be injured by plen
tiful watering. The danger is that they will not have enough.
" The botanical name of the Monterey cypress is Cupressus
Macrocarpa, of Hartweg : it was afterwards called O. Macrabiana
by a Scotch florist, Murray, but this latter name is not used among
botanists. Besides the large cypress, we have a very interesting
dwarf species growing on the barren hills near town, and in a few
other localities along the Coast. The Cupressus G-oveniana, Gor
don. It is a miniature tree, never more than ten feet high, but
often loaded with cones, or galbules, when a foot high. Some
botanists have not been willing to admit that this is anything more
than a variety of the Macrocarpa, but I have proved by careful ob
servation, by cultivation, etc., that it is a good species, and that it
comes true from the seed ; and I believe there is no longer any
42 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
doubt of its being a distinct species. This, although a dwarf, does
not grow bushy or straggling, but upright, straight and tree-like,
and with a thin or sparse foliage, making a very curious and pretty
ornament for cultivation, with its thick clusters of cones. Like the
large Monterey Cypress, it is easily raised from seed. * * *
The Monterey Cypress, though naturally growing in a few very lim
ited localities along the coast near Monterey, readily grows almost
anywhere in this State by taking a little care and observing the be
fore mentioned precautions."
MONTEREY.
IN a mantle of old traditions,
In the rime of a vanished day,
The shrouded and silent city
Sits by her crescent bay.
The ruined fort on the hill-top,
Where never a bunting streams,
Looks down, a cannonless fortress,
On the solemn city of dreams.
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 43
Gardens of wonderful roses,
Climbing o'er roof, tree and wall,
Woodbine and crimson geranium,
Hollyhocks, purple and tall.
Mingle their odorous breathings
With the crisp, salt breeze, from the sands,
Where pebbles and sounding sea shells
Are gathered by children's hands.
Women with olive faces,
And the liquid southern eye,
Dark as the forest berries
That grace the woods in July,
Tenderly train the roses,
Gathering here and there
A bud — the richest and rarest —
For a place in their long, dark hair.
Feeble and garrulous old men
Tell in the Spanish tongue
Offthe good, grand times at the Mission,
And the hymns that the Fathers sung ;
Of the oil and the wine, and the plenty,
And the dance in the twilight gray —
" Ah, these," and the head shakes sadly,
" Were good times in Monterey !"
44 . HAND BO.OK OP MONTEREY.
Behind in the march of cities —
The last in the eager stride
Of villages later born —
She dreams by the ocean side.
The Monterey Whale Fishery.
The whale fishery, which for the last twenty-five years has con
stituted one of the most important of our local industries, is likely
soon to become a thing of the past. The whales are gradually be
coming scarcer, and now that the tide of commerce is turning this
way, they will, ere long, give our bay a wide berth.
Of the various species of whales which frequent the coast of Cal
ifornia, the most valuable are the Sperm Whale, Right Whale,
Humpback, Finback, Sulphurbottom and California Gray. Many
years ago, while California was yet a province of Mexico, the New
Bedford whale ships caught large numbers of Sperm and Eight
whales along this coast ; but these species have now almost disap
peared, and our whalers have to content themselves with the more
numerous but less valuable California Greys and Humpbacks.
Occasionally, however, a Sulphurbottom or Right Whale is caught,
but this is a rare occurence.
It was for the purpose of catching the Humpbacks, known to be
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 45
numerous in this bay, that the Monterey Whaling Company was
organized in 1854. In the fall of that year, Capt. J. P. Daven
port, an old and experienced whaler, got together a company of
twelve men, only three or four of whom were regular whalemen,
the balance being " land lubbers.*4 They had two boats, and met
with pretty good success, as the whales were tame and easily
caught in the old fashioned manner with harpoons and lances.
Capt. Davenport brought a number of bombs with him from the
east, but owing to some defect, they proved worthless and were not
used. The price of oil falling to twenty-five cents per gallon, the
company was disbanded before the commencement of the next sea
son.
The whales, however, were not allowed to rest, for in 1855 the
company of Portuguese, known as the " Old Company," was or
ganized with seventeen men and two boats. Although at first they
used no guns, they succeeded in taking about 800 barrels of
Humpback oil annually for about three years.
In the Autumn of 1858, Capt. A very of the schooner Sovereign
noticed a school of California Greys playing near the surf, about
three miles from town. He informed the whalers of his discovery
and they at once proceeded to the spot indicated and caught several
of the school, besides many others of the same species, before the
season closed. In the winter of the same year (1858) Capt. Dav
enport again started in with two boats well manned and equipped
with bomb and harpoon guns. Both companies whaled in the bay
with varying success, getting from 600 to 1000 barrels annually
per company, for several years, when Capt. Davenport withdrew
46 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
from the business. His company has since been known as the
" New Company" of Portuguese whalers. During the season of
1862-63 each company secured about 1700 barrels of oil. This
was one of their most successful years.
In 1861 the Carmel Company was organized. At first they
whaled in this bay, but in the spring of 1862 they moved to their
present station on Carmel Bay.
The Humpback season commences about the 10th of August
and expires about the first of December. The California Grey
season then commences and continues until the middle of April.
The first half of the season is called the "going down season," as
the whales are then descending from their summer haunts in the
Arctic ocean to the lagoons and bays on the lower coast, for the
purpose of bringing forth their young. It is during the "coming
up season," as their return northward is called, that the greater
number of whales are caught ; for if the whalers can succeed in
striking the " calf" the "cow" is an easy capture, as she will die
rather than desert her offspring.
This brings us to the means of capturing these marine monsters.
At the first streak of dawn the whalers man their boats, six to a
boat, and proceed to the whaling "ground" near Point Pinos.
Here they lay on their oars and carefully scan the water for a
" spout." Suddenly some one sees the wished-for column of mist
foam, and cries out " There she blows !" Then all is activity, the
boat is headed for the whale and the guns are made ready to fire.
When within a short distance of the animal the oars are " peaked"
and the boat is propelled by paddles so as not to disturb the wary
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 47
whale. Having arrived within shooting distance, which is about
forty yards, the harpoon, connected with a long line, is fired into
whatever part of the animal is visible. Down goes the whale, the
line with a turn around the " loggerhead " of the boat being allowed
to run out for several hundred yards, when it is held fast. The
whale generally makes a direct course for the open ocean, dragging
the boat after with almost lightning rapidity. Soon, however, it
becomes weary and comes to the surface to breathe ; now is the
golden opportunity; the boat approaches as near as possible and a
bomb-lance is fired. In case this enters a vital part, the animal
dies instantly, but oftener it does not, and the same maneuvering
as before is repeated until two or three bombs have been shot be
fore the animal is killed. It is then towed to the try works, where
the " blubber," as the casing of fat with which it is covered is
called, is removed, cut into small pieces, and boiled out. Some
times, however, the whale will sink as soon as killed ; should such
be the case, a buoy is attached to the line, and the animal is left
until the generation of gases in its body causes it to rise, which us
ually occurs in from three to nine days. It is then towed in and
" tried out " as before.
The usual yield of a California Grey is about forty barrels if a
female, and twenty-five barrels if a male. That of a Humpback
about the same. The average size of a California Grey is forty-two
feet in length, and twenty-eight or thirty feet in circumference. A
Sulphurbottom is occasionally caught which measures a hundred
feet from tip to tip. In 1873 the New Company commanded by
Capt. Pray, captured a Right Whale seventy feet long and fifty feet
48 HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY.
in circumference. It yielded 175 barrels of oil and 1500 pounds
of bone, and netted the company over $2000. At the close of
that season the two companies, numbering in all thirty-four men,
were consolidated into one company of twenty-three men, eleven
quitting the business entirely.
The life of a whaler is very exciting and dangerous, as the boat is
sometimes capsized or swamped, and the men have to swim for their
lives. Yet such is the force of habit, that they seem to feel no
more fear when in pursuit of a whale than if they were upon dry
land.
A good story is told of a gentleman who upon assuring the
whalers that he knew not what fear meant, was allowed to go out
with them in their boat. Soon a whale spouted near by, and the
Captain, true to his aim, lodged a harpoon in its body. The whale
made for the mouth of the bay, the boat almost flying in its wake.
The amateur whaler now began to get excited, not to say scared.
His teeth chattered, he prayed, and hung on to the boat like grim
death. Faster and faster went the boat, the water just even with
the gunwale, and whiter and whiter grew the gentleman's face. At
length the limit of his endurance was reached. He jumped to his
feet and yelled out in frantic accents : " Cut the rope ! For
heaven's sake cut the rope, I'll pay for the whale !" The rope was
not cut and the whale was secured without much difficulty. All
who wish to know more of this most interesting division of the ce
taceans are referred to Capt. C. M. Scammon's excellent work,
"Marine Mammals of the Pacific Coast."
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 49
Our Chinese Colony.
Chinatown is distant from Monterey about" one mile from the
outskirts of the town, and is situated on one of the numerous small
bays that line the bay of Monterey. It is admirably selected for
the business carried on by its enterprising citizens — fish-curing and
abelone shell shipping. Its inhabitants are frugal, industrious, and
well behaved. Little or no crime occurs among them, and so
far as our experience goes, they are a sober, honest set of men, and
compare very favorably with their countrymen throughout the
State. " Tim," a California-born Chinaman, speaks English and
Spanish as fluently as a native. The census of Chinatown is as
follows : Man Lee Company, three men and three women ; Sun
Sing Lee Company, three men, two wonen, and three children ; Yek
Lee Company, six men, two women, and one child ; Yee Lee Com
pany, six men, two women, and three children ; Man Sing Company,
four men and one woman. In connection with these companies are
those of Carmel, Pescadero, and Portuguese Bay — Sun Choy Lee
Company, eleven men an'd one woman ; Boo Lee Company, eight
men, and Dai Lee Company, eight men. There are about twenty
men and eight women outside of these companies in different em
ployments in the town and neighborhood.
The Chinese industries are fishing for rockfish, cod, halibut, flound
ers, red and blue fish, yellow tail, mackerel, sardines, and shell fish,
the greater part of which are split open, salted, and dried in the sun
6*
50 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
for exportation to San Francisco, whence they find their way to the
mines throughout the State, and abroad. It may be estimated that
the amount of dried fish exported from Monterey annually averages
nearly 100 tons. The Chinese collect also large quantities of
abelone shells, which find a ready market at $20 a ton. They
possess about thirty boats, nearly all of which were built by them
selves. They are sailed in the Chinese fashion. During the past
month they have commenced shipping fresh fish to Gilroy, San
Jos6, and other interior towns. Although they import from San
Francisco the greater portion of their merchandise, they purchase
very liberally of the merchants in town, and as their trade is always
for cash, they are very desirable customers in these hard times.
Pacific Grove Retreat— The M. E. Encampment
Grounds.
The eastern boundary is about one-half mile west of Chinatown,
and, following the sea-shore, the tract extends to the line fence of
the dairy farm this side of the Light House. This last boundary
is marked by a conspicuous pile of rocks, which, looking as if it
might be a Druidical monument, is the termination of a promontory
that breaks the force of the northwesters, and shelters the sea line
of the tract. Under the lee of the promontory is a beautiful little
HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY. 51
cove, possessing a smooth beach, and being almost entirely free
from surf. This is the spot selected for bathing houses. Behind this
cove are pine woods, interspersed with oaks, covering a surface of
sufficient extent and smoothness for the accommodation of any con
gregation of auditors. Here, therefore, as this survey indicates,
will be placed the stand for the preachers. The site selected for
the hotel, or hotels, occupies ground centrally located with refer
ence to the sea, upon which the buildings, therefore, will look out
directly. A broad avenue traverses the grounds, with side streets,
separating lots, upon which villas are expected to be erected.
The general arrangements of the Encampment are based upon the
principles guiding those of the Eastern States, especially the one
held at Ocean Grove, in the vicinity of Long Branch, N. J., and
are under the control of the Board of Trustees.
One hundred acres are divided into residential lots, a park, a
pleasure ground, a grand avenue, minor streets and avenues, and
the town. The lots are divided into sections, ranging from 30x60
to 30x125.
The principal buildings -are the preachers' stand — an elegant
structure, carefully and substantially built by Prinz, of Monterey,
containing a platform for the ministers, and seats for the choir. It
faces the congregational ground, which is arranged in a perfect
circle, 200 feet in diameter, with a ring of tents around it, and a
roadway of seventy-five feet. The aisles range from four to twelve
feet in width. Benches are provided to accomodate about 5000
people. The whole is covered by the shade of the pines — tall,
52 HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY.
straight, young trees — through whose gothic branches the sunlight
falls subdued.
The restaurant is a commodious building 33x90 feet, placed but
a short distance from the congregational ground. It will be run
on the ticket system, by R. C. Wormes. In close proximity are the
grocery and provision store, 24x50 feet; the meat market is
24x50 feet, and the furnishing and clothing store.
On the opposite side of the street are six dormitories, each
24x50 feet. There is also a laundry.
Admirable arrangements are made for conveniences necessary
to civilization.
The stable accomodations are a few rods off, on the Monterey
side, around a large well.
The water for the use of the camp, in addition to three wells on
the grounds, is brought 3300 feet in pipes from a tank containing
6000 gallons, filled from a never-failing stream, and is raised sixty-
two feet above the level of the grounds ; it flows into another tank,
with a capacity of 15,000 gallons, having a clear fall to the highest
point on the grounds, of twenty feet. 'Both tanks will be kept con
stantly filled, as a large quantity will be consumed in sprinkling
the roads and grounds. There are also some very valuable sul
phur and chalybeate springs within a short distance, which can be
introduced without much trouble.
New tents can be bought on the grounds at wholesale prices, or
rented at very low figures.
Ordinary campers, except during the meeting, will be charged
fifty cents a head, to include wood, water, and cleaning up.
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 53
The bath-house is 60x24 feet, and contains twenty-two dressing
rooms. It is conveniently placed in a small ravine on the verge of
a beautiful little bay, whose sandy floor rivals in whiteness the
marble of the Romans' bath. The water is transparently clear,
and is always warm, being sheltered from the wind by picturesque
rocky cliffs. The view of the numerous baylets and jutting rocks,
over which the blue waves dash in merry sport, and the Gabilan
Range in the foreground, is lovely in the extreme.
The Executive Committee are the Rev. J. 0. Ash, of Salinas,
the indefatigable Chairman ; the Rev. J. W. Ross, Geo. Clifford,
Jas. Allayton, of San Jose ; and Geo. F. Baker. Too much
praise cannot be awarded to the resident managers, the Revs. Ash
and Ross, for the pains and labor they have bestowed upon the
arrangements, carefully considering even the most minute details
in order that nothing should mar that perfect harmony so necessary
to insure success ; nor should the liberality and untiring energy of
Mr. Jacks be unnoticed, for by the aid of this gentleman's purse
and advice many apparently insurmountable difficulties have been
surmounted.
The Encampment commands a splendid view of the Bay of Mon
terey, and the magnificent scenery surrounding it, with pretty bays
for bathing places and beautiful groves for rambles. In close
proximity to the Light House ; within a morning's walk of that
pearl of beauties, Cypress Point ; with good sea fishing, sailing, or
boating ; with the opportunities for every kind of outdoor occupa
tion and enjoyment ; and all within three miles of Monterey, and
its railroad and steamboat connections with all parts of the State ;
54 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
with a climate beyond reproach ; a temperature, with one or two
exceptions, the most equable in the known world, and with a loca
tion so healthy that doctors scarcely make a living, it bids fair to
become an unrivaled summer resort. Bishop Peck, now making
an Episcopal visit on this coast, says : "I have some acquaintance
with our splendid retreats for camp meetings and health in the
East, and I have no hesitation in saying that this is fully equal to
the best I have seen."
Point Pinos Light House
Is situated on an eminence and point of land forming the extreme
western shore of the bay of Monterey, and distant from the town
about three miles. The building is a dark gray stone structure,
one and a half stories high, built in the strongest and most sub
stantial manner. Rising from the center or ridge of the roof is a
brick tower painted white, on which is firmly placed the iron
lantern and illuminating apparatus, the exterior of which is painted
red. This light station was erected by order of the Hon. Thomas
Corwin, Secretary of the Treasury, in the year 1853. The light
was first exhibited to mariners on January 20th, 1855, and Mr.
Charles Layton was the first keeper appointed to take charge of it.
The light is classed as a third order Fresnel, with catadioptric
lenses, of immense and powerful magnifying capacity. The light,
HAND KOOK OP MONTEREY. 55
in ordinary fair and clear weather, should be discernable from a
vessel's deck sixteen and one-half nautical miles. The height of
center of focal plane above high water on sea level is 9l feet.
The arc illuminated is four-fifths of the entire horizon, or 288
degrees. The description of the light, as given to mariners in their
charts, is a third order, fixed white, Fresnel light.
The following persons have been principal keepers of the light :
Chas. Layton, Charlotte Layton, Geo. C. Harris, Frank Porter,
Andrew Wasson, and Capt. Allen L. Luce, the present attentive
and courteous incumbent, who has held the position from October
1st, 1871.
The drive to the Light House is pleasant and pretty, and well
shaded. The ro%i passes the grounds of the M. E. Encampment.
The view from the tower well repays the visitor for his pains.
Capt. Luce and his family are always pleased to welcome visitors
and to show them every attention.
MONTEREY.
BY MES. ANNIE E. MERRITT.
Where the blue waves kiss the sand,
As they leap a joyous band ;
Where the mountains towering high,
Seem to touch the azure sky ;
56 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
Where the young vines meekly twine
Bound the tall, majestic pine ;
Half enclosed in rocks of gray,
Gently slumbers Monterey.
Beautiful as poet's dream,
When its hills with verdure teem ;
When the balmy air is filled
With incense from heaven distilled,
And sweet Nature seeks repose
Where the murmuring streamlet flows,
Like some gem of brightest ray
There enthroned is Monterey. ^
Flowers of the brightest hue,
Laden with the morning dew ;
Velvet grass and clinging vine,
Groves of oak, and stately pine,
Fleecy clouds that lightly rest
On the evening's gentle breast ;
All these hold their quiet sway
On the shores of Monterey.
But more beautiful at eve'n *
In the mystic light of heaven,
When the moon's pale, silvery sheen
Lends its beauty to the scene,
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 57
And a koly calm o'er all
Settles lightly as a pall,
And the night seems changed to day
'Neath the skies of Monterey.
Talk not of the storied Rhine,
Nor Italia's sunny clime,
Nor the Orient's so fair
With its balmy, perfumed air.
Crowned with old historic lore
Well I love this rock-bound shore ;
'T is to thee I sing my lay —
Queen of Beauty, Monterey.
Monterey as a Port-
We copy the following from the Salinas City Index :
" It requires no great stretch of the imagination to predict that
the products of a very large area of California, both to the south
and east of Monterey and Salinas, are ultimately to find their way
to tide-water across our Valley. In truth, between San Francisco
and San Pedro, a distance of over four hundred miles, WE HOLD THE
GATEWAY to the only accessible harbor for general 'commerce with
6
58 HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY.
the world. It is only a question of time in regard to the centering
of other railroads to this point. To the doubting ones we say, ex
amine the profile maps of the country, then scan any map of the
Atlantic seaboard, and answer us, whether in the light of what
has come to pass elsewhere, we are extravagant in our predictions
for the future.
" We would not give a fig for the judgment of that man who is
despondent over our future prospects. There were just such in
San Francisco twenty years ago, and with about as much reason
and judgment as those who are fearful there is no further room for;
progress here."
The Monterey Weekly Herald says :
4; Only a few years have elapsed since the first ship loaded grain
at San Francisco for Europe ; and when we compare the great
fleet of vessels engaged in transporting our cereals to foreign ports
with the number that were so engaged a few years ago, is it any
wonder that the Californian's heart swells with pride, -and that he
dreams of how this great fleet shall be multiplied until it shall as
tonish the world ?
" It is well, while the California!! is conjuring up such a brilliant
future for his State, that he should pause in his reverie and ask
himself what should be done for the proper protection of such ves
sels. It is well known that, during the prevalence of rough wea
ther outside, a vessel cannot enter the harbor of San Francisco,
and any arriving at such a time must of necessity put to sea,
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 59
or come to Monterey, where nature has modeled a PORT OF REFUGE,
with no c bar ' to guard its entrance, and free from all dangerous
shoals and rocks. The storm of last Fall bears out this assertion,
for the Bay was filled with all vessels within reach seeking refuge
there, entering and leaving just as they pleased.
" But nature has not made our harbor so good that the hand of
man cannot improve it ; and we believe it to be the duty of those
interested in the future welfare of our State, to properly represent
to Congress the great good that would result from the expenditure
of a small sum of money, compared to the benefits that would ac
crue to the shipping interests of this coast, in improving the port of
Monterey.
" The harbor, properly, is in the shape of a horse-shoe, the
mouth opening to the north, and it is amply protected from the
south, east, and west ; and with a breakwater extending half a mile
into the Bay from the northwestern shore, the harbor would afford
PERFECT SAFETY FROM WINDS FROM ANY AND ALL POINTS OF
THE COMPASS. Even now the largest ships in the navies of the
world can ride with safety through any gale that blows in the Bay
of Monterey ; but no doubt improvements can be made.
" There is also a large natural laguna, which could be without dif
ficulty transformed into a dry or wet dock. In fact, the natural
position of Monterey is such that she is bound to become, next to
San Francisco, the most flourishing port on the coast. Her growth
may be retarded, but it cannot be prevented."
60 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
The Monterey and Salinas Valley Railroad.
Whatever may be the fate of this road in the future, it will al
ways be memorable in the commercial history of California as the
first narrow-gauge railroad built in the State ; and also as a road
built by the people for the people, to contend with a great and pow
erful monopoly, and to save the grain-growers of the district no
less than $200,000 a year.
It was commenced in April, and finished in October, 1874. All
interested in it devoted their time and means without stint, especi
ally C. S. Abbott, the President ; D. Jacks, the Treasurer ; and
John Markley, the Secretary. Mr. JJ F. Kidder, now engaged
on the Nevada narrow-gauge, was the Chief Engineer and Super
intendent of Construction. The iron came from the Pacific Boil
ing Mills of San Francisco, and Falkner, Bell & Co.'s, of the
same place. The locomotives, " C. S. Abbott," and " Monterey,"
from the Baldwin Locomotive Co., in Pennsylvania. The cars,
which are superior in every respect, were built in Monterey, by
Thomas iCarter.
Although the road is a " narrow-gauge," only three feet between
the rails, the cars are so designed that the passengers hardly real
ize any difference from those of the broad-gauge, and have ample
room and accommodation.
The railroad commenced running October 28th, 1874, too late to
carry much of the grain of the Valley ; but its early completion
HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY. 61
had been a fixed fact in August, thereby compelling the S.P.R.R.
to make a reduction from $5.50 per ton to $4.25 freight on grain
to San Francisco. The M. & S.V.R.R. carried about 6000 tons
in 1874 ;' loaded the H. L. Richardson at Monterey (2400 long
tons). The freight on merchandise from San Francisco to Salinas
City was $7.20 ; the S.P.R.R. reduced to $6.00. Salinas was
supplied with redwood lumber from Watsonville and pine from San
Francisco ; now there are two markets open, and redwood is
brought from Santa Cruz, and pine from Puget Sound, which
comes to Monterey as cheap as to San Francisco, and only has to
be freighted 20 instead of 120 miles.
The number of stockholders is 72, principally land owners or
farmers, as may be seen by the following :
David Jacks has in Monterey Co. about. . .30,000 acres.
C. S. Abbott 10,000 "
A. & M. Gonzales 13,000 "
Robert McKee and Monrass Family, about . . 19,000 "
A. Wason 1,000 "
Francis Doud 1,000 "
P. Zabala 5,000 "
Jesse D. Carr 45,000 "
James Bardin 5,000 "
John Abbott , '400 «
J. B. H. Cooper 5,000 "
C. Laird 2,000 "
Chas. McFadden. . 500 "
62 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
Malarin 5,000 acres.
Geo. Pomeroy 1,000 "
Judson Parson 300 «
Wm. Quintal.. . . 300' "
Wm. Robson . . . ' 400 «
J. M. Soto... 3,500 «
B. V. Sargent 13,000 «
F. S. Spring 2,000 «
Chas. Underwood 400 "
William, Ford 300 "
Besides the land owned and occupied by quite a number of small
farmers.
The road, warehouses, wharves, cars, engines, etc., everything in
cluded, cost 1357,000.
As regards the current year's freight : it costs by S. P. R. R.
from Salinas City to San Francisco, freight $3.50, weighing and
loading 25 cents, making f 3*75 from Salinas to S. F. for all grain
that is not stored in a warehouse ; warehouse charges per season,
f 1.00 per ton. Weighing, loading, freight, and wharfage from Sa
linas to San Francisco, by Monterey and S. P.R. R., and G. N. P.
Steamers, is |3.75 ; by M. & S. V. R. R. to Monterey is $1.75. In
other words, it costs $3.75 to get the grain (when not stored) to
deep water shipping, by S. P. R. R. to San Francisco, and $1.75
to deep water shipping at Monterey ; if the grain is stored for the
season, $1.00 per season.
HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY.
63
Climate.
Monterey County has one of the most delightful climates in the
world — neither too hot nor too cold. People here wear the same
clothing winter and summer, there being so little range of tempera
ture. THE TOWN OF MONTEREY HAS LESS RANGE OF
TEMPERATURE THAN ANY PLACE ON THE COAST.
The tables given below are prepared from the records kept at
Salinas City, and are perfectly reliable in every particular. The
following table speaks for itself on the subject of temperature, and
is taken from the daily record kept by Dr. E. K. Abbott, who is a
regular correspondent of the United States Signal Service :
MONTH,
1874.
Lowest temperature
for month.
Highest temperature
for month.
Mean temperature
for month.
January . .
30deg
32
31
43
45
53
52
52
47
46
33
24
xees.
66deg
66 •
70
70
82
79
75
76
76
79
75
73
rees.
49deg
49
49
55
57
59
62
61
59
58
53
46
rees.
March
May
June .... . . .
July
August
September
October
November . .
Observations of the thermometer were taken three times daily in
64 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
the shade and open air. The lowest temperatures all occurred in
the morning and were noted at 7 o'clock A. M., while the highest
were noted at 2 p. M.. Our lowest temperatures are simply frosty
nights, and are never continued during the day ; for instance, our
coldest night for 1874 is registered at 24 degrees ; at 9 o'clock p. M.
of the previous day the temperature was 34 degrees ; while at 2
o'clock P. M. the same day the thermometer registered 62 degrees.
There was not a day during the entire winter of 1874-75 that a
person could not gather a nice bouquet, grown in open air, from any
of the flower yards in Salinas or Monterey. Fuchsias and geraniums
grow all winter in the open gardens.
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
65
The following table shows the mean temperature of January and
July in various portions of California and other States and countries,
taken from reliable sources. Observe how little difference there is
between January and July at Salinas City and Monterey :
PLACE.
January.
July.
Difference.
Latitude.
MONTEREY
Deg.
52
Deg-
58
Deg.
Deg.Min.
36.36
Salinas City — 1873
51
60
9
36.36
Salinas City — 1874
49
62
13
36.36
49
57
8
37.48
Los A.n°*eles . .
52
75
oo
34.04
54
71
lY
34.24
51
72
21
32.41
Sacramento . . .
45
73
28
38.34
49
72
23
37.56
45
66
21
38.18
St Helena
42
77
35
38.30
48
67
19
38.05
Fort Yuma
56
92
36
32.43
30
74
44
39.06
New York
31
77
46
40.37
New Orleans . .
55
82
27
29.57
Naples . . .
46
76
30
40 52
47
77
30
31.47
Honolulu
71
78
7
21.16
52
65
13
19.26
60
70
10
32.38
37
62
25
51.29
33
70
37
47.25
Bordeaux . . ....
41
73
32
44 50
40
73
33
43.71
43
75
32
43.17
46
77
31
44.24
Algiers . .
52
75
23
36.47
— [" Resources of Monterey County."
66
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
The following table of comparisons we extract from The Nat
ural Wealth of California, by Titus Fey Cronise, a work which
though very valuable in its general information and research, is
extremely inaccurate in many points relating to Monterey. '
Localities.
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
Mean
Tern, of
the year
deg.
56 5
56 0
56 5
54 0
60 0
72 0
52 0
52 0
53 0
51 0
49 0
deg.
60 0
69 5
67 0
59 0
71 0
90 0
57 5
60 0
70 5
61 5
63 t)
deg.
59 0
61 0
60 5
57 0
64 5
75 5
53 0
55 0
52 0
54 0
51 5
deg.
51 0
46 5
49 0
61 0
52 5
57 0
43 5
47 5
35 5
42 5
39 5
deg.
56 6
58 0
58 0
55 5
62 0
73 5
51 5
53 5
53 0
52 0
51 0
Sacramento . . > ....
Fort Yuma. . ..
Humboldt Bay*
Port Orford ...
Fort Steilacoom, W. T
*The figures for these localities are probably too low.
§
o
H
H
m CC
o o
is
a co
O r-l
« -%
g §
O3 ^5
|'^
.2 -3
bD <r>
•| -5
I
i
«
i : i
«
-
„
S
SO 10 1-4
•*J CO
0 SO
o*
CO
CO
o
•^
§ i §
>0
0
t-
m
CO «
fe
t-
t-
S
s - 5
t-l
CO
00
?!
eo •* IH
i
«
SO
so
3
I - s
CO
(N
CO
0
(M
- - -
si
S
8
g » -
O5
o
•*
3
so >o
4
a
g
3
rRJ ! QO
CO • IO
CO
eo
>o
O}
CS CO
1
S
3
s - •«
so
o
3
SO
t- ^ iH
1
38.
g
8 :
:
i
S
C5
t- to co
£
SO
c-
01
«3 SO
1-1
-*
00
CO
CO t- «-l
oi
SO
t-
S
i 1
CO
10
to
- s «
"3
t-
>-5
US
§ °°
so
S
CO
o> i-( co
ti
t-
t-
o
2
1-1
1-1
s
M
(M OO CM
I
t-
: : :
M
: 1 ":
Greatest heat at 2 P. M
Greatest cold 7 A. M. to 9 P.
Average heat at 2 P. M
Nights of frost
Rain in inches and hundredth
Days without clouds
Days completely clouded. . . .
South or southwest winds . . .
North or northwest winds. . .
Foggy mornings
Foggy evenings
Fog all day
[67]
68
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
Extract from Agricultural Report of 1869, by the late Dr. Can-
field.
£
£
g
£
g
2
g
P>
i?
9
U
£
&
|
i-j_
^
1
H
|
ID"
|
CD
I
1
1
1
1
•
I
r
Maximum Tern . .
63
71
71
68
80
83
80
80
94
90
77
65
Minimum Tern. . .
32
32
40
23
44
46
50
45
44
42
35
27
Mean Tarn
50 3
49 4
56 1
43 1
58 9
69 8
65 7
61 8
62 9
59 5
55 1
48 9
Rain
3 83
4 13
2 69
1 09
0 03
0 01
0 02
1 36
0 72
2 42
The following remarks, among a multitude of others, we extract
from the different well known journals to which they are credited ;
being the unsolicited opinions of strangers who have visited Mon
terey at all seasons of the year, they are entitled to consideration :
THE CLIMATE IS REMARKABLY EVEN
And much milder than any place north of here ; oppressively warm
days are unknown, and it is hardly ever unpleasantly cold.
For bathing purposes the beach is unequalled ; the slant is so
gradual, and the tide ebbs and flows so lazily, the water is so
delightfully warm and beautifully transparent, that a good. bath ac
commodation would attract thousands every summer. Such an
establishment would pay handsomely here.
* HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 69
The strong south and southwest winds which detract so much
from Santa Cruz on account of the unpleasantly cold weather they
ofttimes produce, and so frequently cause the surf to become even
dangerous for purposes of bathing, amount to but gentle zephyrs
here.
I can assert from experience as well as from the testimony of
many others, that it is the sleepiest spot in the State and the best
place in California for the tired brain to rest. * * * *
Men and women can sleep all night and all day, and grow fat and
rugged and strong. It is a real sleepy hollow, the only one in
California, so far as known ; and this eminent quality, whether it be
in the air or earth or sea or surroundings, it matters not, will be a
fortune to Monterey if properly managed.
All who labor long and heavily with the brain must in their vo
cations have sleep, and they will frequent that place most where
they can sleep best.
•
THE CLIMATE IS ALL THAT MAN CAN DESIRE.
Sheltered by the high pine-covered mountains on the west from
the breezes of the ocean, the finely tempered wind odorous with the
resinous pines and sweet scented shrubs comes gently stealing over
the placid waters of the bay. * * while the sea fog
lifted high above by the hills scuds towards the great Salinas
plain, fructifying the land and casting a thin cooling veil across
the face of the sun. — Sacramento Bee.
70 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
THERE IS NO SPOT ON THE COAST
Whose natural advantages are at all equal to Monterey. Santa
Cruz is no comparison nor Santa Barbara either ; but these places
have the start, and only Yankee energy can bring Monterey up
with them. * * The first thing needed is a good hotel,
not in the town, but near to the woods and sea bathing. * * *
There are many great and wealthy men in Monterey who could, if
they would, build such a one as is required ; but they are natives,
and do not care for active life or investments of such a character ;
they are easy, slow-going people, content to let what they deem
well enough alone, and take no ventures of that character. — Sac
ramento Bee.
For many years no town in the State has been less known than
Monterey. * * A quaint old Spanish town, without
life or movement, and apparently belonging to some forgotten arcadi
an age. Yet for eighty years it was the most important town
in California, the seat of government and the commercial center.
* The location of the old town is delightful — a gentle
grassy slope at the foot of the hills, of a moderate elevation, cov
ered with evergreen trees and facing one of the finest harbors in
the world.
THE CLIMATE IS THE MOST DELIGHTFUL
That can be imagined. The only natural cause that brings life to
a close there is old age. — Kern County Courier.
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 71
MONTEREY IN A SANITARY POINT
Of view has been long known to stand second to no place in the
world — no town of its size can show so many aged people who have
spent all or the greater part of their lives at any one point, and no
place where people hold age better. — Salinas City Index.
There is not one of the natural resources so much needed to
make a successful and enjoyable watering place but can be found
here.
Beautiful scenery, admirable facilities for bathing, sailing, riding,
driving or hunting, with points of interest and beauty in the im
mediate neighborhood. — San Francisco Daily Alta California.
The Increase.
Within the past year twenty-five new residences and stores have
been built in Monterey, and others are going up. Sixty new
business enterprises have been started, twelve of them have
collapsed, and several have removed to other portions of the town
from which they settled in. These may be regarded as very sub
stantial improvements, considering the unfavorable circumstances
of the winter and the hard dry season. More than one hundred
72 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
families have located at this place and in this vicinity during the
same period.
That the trade of Monterey is steadily increasing in spite of the
unfavorable season, is shown by the fact that the express business
has increased nearly six fold since the opening of the railroad ; that
fifty new business enterprises can make at least a living for their
proprietors, while the business of their older rivals has not
deteriorated ; that buildings of a substantial character are slowly
but steadily increasing in number. Even the item of fresh fish and
game shipments to the San Francisco markets through the express
is of importance, since it embraces 90,000 pounds of fish, 8500
pounds of quail, 3500 pounds of deer and 3000 pounds of rabbits
since the opening of the road.
Monterey Township Officers.
Town Trustees, S. B. Gordon, President, H. Escolle, Treasurer,
W. H. Bryan, Clerk ; S. Pardee, W. H. Bryan, Justices of the
Peace ; A. W. Rapelye, Matias Vargus, Constables ; W. D.
.Robinson, Road Master ; School Trustees — S. B. Gordon, B. V.
Sargent, W. H. Bryan.
Monterey Post Office, Alvarado Street-
POST OFFICE HOURS. — Mail closes at 8 A. M.; arrives at 5 P. M.
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 73
Office hours — 7 A. M. to 7 : 30 p. M. on week days, and 8 to 10 :30
A. M. and from 4 to 7 P. M. on Sundays.
EXPRESS OFFICE, corner Pearl and Alvarado streets. — Mail closes
at 8 A. M.; arrives at 5 p. M. Office hours — 6 A. M. to 8 : 30 p. M.
on week days, and 7 A. M. to 12 and 6 p. M. to 8 p. M. on Sundays.
Church Services.
CATHOLIC CHURCH. — Kev. A. Casanova; morning, 10 A. M.,
Evening 3 p. M..
METHODIST EPISCOPAL.— Kev T. B. Hopkins, in Central Build
ing. Morning, 10 :30 ; evening 6.
EPISCOPAL CHURCH. — Rev. J. S. McGowan, Washington Hall.
7 :30 P. M.
PACIFIC GROVE RETREAT. — 10 A. M., 3 p. M., and 7 P. M.
NEWSPAPER, Weekly Herald. Every Saturday. S. Clevenger,
Alvarado street.
Travel.
MONTEREY AND SALINAS VALLEY RAIL ROAD.
WEEK DAYS. — Leave Monterey 8 :30 ; arrive at Salinas 9 :45.
Leave Salinas 3 :15 ; arrive at Monterey 4:30.
7*
74 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
SUNDAYS — Leave Monte
9 :45 A. M. and 5 :45 p. M.
SUNDAYS — Leave Monterey 8 A. M. and 4 p. M.; leave Salinas
STEAMERS.
G. N. & P.'s steamers and opposition steamer, San Vicente,
leave as advertised at the Railroad depot, Express and Postoffice.
Objects of Historical Interest in the Town.
The Cuartel on California street is a two-story, ruinous looking
adobe building, with a balcony running around it. It was built in
1840 by J. Abrego, acting under orders from Alvarado, and cost
811,000, redwood then selling at $50 per 1000 feet, and nails at
$36 a keg. The books of the Library Society are there, but for
the present the Library is closed to the public. The Methodist
Episcopal Church and Sunday School hold their meetings in the
building. Col. B. C. Whiting is the agent for the government
property in Monterey. The Cuartel was also used as the school
house until the school was transferred to the
COLTON HALL.
This building stands back off Main street. Since the removal
of the county seat to Salinas it has been occupied by the school.
Prior to that time it was used as the court house, and for the county
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 75
offices. We extract the following in regard to it from the Rev.
Walter Colton's very interesting work, Three Tears in California :
« 184 , March 8th. — The Town Hall, on which I have been
at work for more than a year, is at last finished. It is built of a
white stone, quarried from a neighboring hill, and which easily
takes the shape you desire. The lower apartments are for schools ;
the hall over them — seventy feet by thirty — is for public assemblies.
The front is ornamented with a portico, which you enter from the
hall. It is not an edifice that would attract any attention among
public buildings in the United States ; but in California it is without
a rival. It has been erected out of the slender proceeds of town
lots, the labor of the convicts, taxes on liquor shops, and fines on
gamblers. The scheme was regarded with incredulity by many ;
but the building is finished, and the citizens have assembled in it,
and christened it after .my name, which will go down to posterity
with the odor of gamblers, convicts, and tipplers."
THE PRISON
was first built by Walter Colton adjoining the old calaboose, but in
1855 a new and more substantial one was erected as the county
jail, in the school house building.
Should Monterey ever recover her position as the county seat,
it would be a great saving to the county, as there need foe but little
extra cost incurred for buildings.
THE OLD BLOCK HOUSE AND .FORT
stand on the hillside overlooking the bay. A weird adobe naturally
76 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
attracts the attention to the spot. The view from the fort well
repays, the exertion of the walk. About the year 1843 Gen.
Micheltorena dug a deep ditch on the site of the present fort?
with two or three embrasures for guns which were never mounted.
When the United States squadron under Commodore Sloat took
possession of Monterey in July, 1846, the block house was built and
ship guns mounted. It was first called Fort Stockton, but afterwards
Fort Mervine. On the arrival of Co. F, U. S. 3rd Art., in January,
1847, earthworks were thrown up, and it was picketed and guns
were mounted. It was dismantled in 1852, most of the guns being
carried to Benicia. A few may still be seen at the corners of some
of the streets.
THE OLD CUSTOM HOUSE.
" Pioneer," writing to the Monterey Republican^ says : " The
foundation, or rather the central portion of it, was laid when
the flag of Old Spain waved over California, and after lay
ing for years in that state, the walls were raised under Mex
ican rule, and a tiled roof put upon the central part. At the
end were built two small towers, shingled over ; but the second tow
er was not built until 1844 or 1845. In the Mexican -time the
Custom House could boast of a boat and boat's crew, but now Uncle
Sam is too poor to support one in the third harbor of California,
though it is the only port where a vessel can lay in safety during
southeasters, from San Francisco to San Diego. In early days it
used to support two or three Custom House officers, for Monterey
was the port where the duties were paid by the vessels trading to
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 77
the Mexican Department or Territory of California. In the latter
part of 1844 the Custom House, or central part of it, was turned
into a ball-room by the officers of the U. S. Frigate Savannah,
then laying at anchor in the bay of Monterey. * * * On the tak
ing of Monterey by the U. S. Naval forces July 6th, 1846, the old
Custom House was occupied by a party of marines, and the head
quarters of Capt. W. Mervine of the U. S. Navy, who had com
mand of the forces, was in the north end of the building."
The learned Dr. Canfield was for some time Collector of Custom
at this port. He was succeeded by Mr. Ireland. Now, the port is,
so far as the Customs are concerned, amalagmated with Santa
Cruz and Moss Landing.
The building is occupied as a private residence by Capt. T. G.
Lambert. It is charmingly situated at the end of Alvarado street,
and seawards almost hangs over the bay. In the summer even
ings the seats under the portico are occupied by young men and
maidens, enjoying the balmy breezes, and sentimentalizing upon the
moonlit wavelets as they break in ripples on the beach. It would be
an admirable site for a small hotel.
r-
THE CATHOLIC CHURCH.
Was built in 1794. It was within the Presidio enclosure, and was
intended merely as a chapel for the accommodation of those who
were unable to attend the parish church at Carmel. When the
missions were secularized, the Carmel mission was abandoned and
the Monterey chapel dedicated as the parish church. The mate-
78 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
rial used in its construction was a kind of white stone, abundant in
the neighborhood. Although this stone is quite soft, being easily
cut with a knife, it has withstood the ravages of time remarkably
well, and the building may stand for another hundred years. In
shape, it was originally a parallelogram, 120 feet long by 30 feet
wide, inside dimensions. In 1858, under the direction of Padre
Juan Bautista Cormillas, two wings were added, furnishing in
creased capacity, and transforming the church into the shape of a
cross. The altar was built at the same time. It is the work of an
Italian, and is justly regarded as a fine piece of art. The large
gothic windows are adorned with life-size paintings of various saints.
The walls are also hung with paintings, many of them being of
great age and exquisite beauty. They were principally brought
from the mission of Carmel, and are by unknown artists. The
church will accommodate five hundred people. It is by far the
most interesting building in the town, and is an honor to the church
it represents. The visitor who devotes an hour to examining this
sacred edifice will be well repaid for his time. The present pastor
is Rev. A. Cassanova, to whom we are indebted for much valuable
information.
THE CEMETERY.
The Cemetery is situated across the slough or estero, near the
Catholic church, and is connected with the town by a causeway of
white stone. In shape it is an irregular triangle, surrounded on two
sides by water, and on the third by a fence which is sadly in need
of repairs.
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 79
Passing through the dilapidated portal, we find ourselves in the
midst of a lovely growth of live oaks. Old and moss-covered pa
triarchs of the forest, which doubtless were standing long ere the
Genoese stepped upon the eastern verge of the Continent, are
grouped around in picturesque confusion. Trees of a younger
growth, perchance acorns when beheld by Serra, are intermingled
with these ; while the northern half of the Cemetery is overrun by
a dense growth of lupins, covered with flowers of a most brilliant
yellow. As these flowers, typical of jealousy, bloom for a short
season above the ground, then fade away and merge into unremem-
bered dust, so it is with the petty jealousies of this life about which
we fret so much.
Near the center of the present inclosure are the remains of a
stone wall that formerly marked the boundaries of the Cemetery as
laid out by the old Franciscan Fathers. They inclose a space
about one hundred yards square, and show that the Fathers must
have believed in cremation, or else overrated the healthfulness of
Monterey.
Upon the side nearest the bay are the trenches which surround
ed a primitive fort erected by Governor Micheltorena, previous to
the American occupation.
The graves are scattered here and there, with no regard to order
— some beneath the shade of the giant oaks, others on the open
grassy plats bathed in perpetual sunshine— in fact, wherever the
friends of the departed deemed most appropriate. This very lack of
order forms one of the characteristic beauties of the place. Were
80 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
everything arranged with mathematical precision, the picturesque
charm of the place would be lost.
After reclining for a while upon the fragrant grass, listening to
the mournful dirge wailed by the wind through the trees, and the
answering moan of the ocean — that grand symbol of eternity — we
reverently retrace our steps and are soon once more in the land of
the living, where too often the Grim Messenger is unthought of un
til his terrible knocking is heard aA the gate.
\
CALIFORNIA'S FIRST THEATER
Stands on Pacific Avenue, and is an adobe building, the property
of Mr. John A. Swan, one of our earliest pioneers, and a gentleman
possessed of a great fund of information about the earlier days of
the State, From the Monterey Weekly Herald and the Santa
Cruz Sentinel, we extract the following information in reference to
the first Thespian performances in the Golden State, " It was in
the fall of 1847, that four volunteers, (Matt Gormley, Bill Tindal,
Jack Moran, and Long Lee) came up from Santa Barbara on mili
tary duty, consigned to Co. F, 3d Regt. U, S, Artillery. They
were in the minstrel line, and had given two burnt cork entertain
ments to the Santa Barbarians, before leaving. In Monterey they
were joined by Aleck Patterson, Pete Earl, and three local char
acters designated as " Tips,'' " Taps," and " Tops." With this
company, the " management " gave two performances in the old
Cuartel Building, south end, up stairs. This was undoubtedly the
first effort at minstrelsy on this Coast. "
" The first theatrical performance ever given in California took
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 81
place in the old adobe store-house adjacent to Jack Swan's saloon,
and it came to pass in this way. About the time that Stevenson's
regiment, New York Volunteers were disbanded, three companies in
cluding the Colonel came up to Monterey. Soon after, the soldiers
attempted a theatrical exhibition, which was a success. Encoura ed
by their liberal patronage, the managers induced Jack to fix seats,
stage and scenery in the old adobe. The bills were got out in due
form, posters printed with a blacking-pot and brush, and pro
grammes written announcing ' Putnam ,' or ' The Lion Son 0/'76,'
as the first piece to be played. C. E. Bingham personated the '76
Son, and Mrs. Bingham Mrs. Martha Washington, Charley Clu-
chester George Washington. Frank Wensell and his wife took part.
John O'Neal, Mr. Fury and Pete Earl belonged to the company
also. Damon and Pythias, Box and Cox, The Grolden Far
mer, Grrand Father White Head, and Nan the Gf-oodfor Nothing,
were pieces in the repertory of the company. John Harris, Tom
Beech, Capt. Wingfield, Mrs. .Zfettlebottom, and Lieut. Derby,
were also among the leading spirits of the troup. 1849 and 1850
were memorable eras in the Thespian records of Monterey."
THE CONVENT.
Another ruined, broken-windowed building on Main Street. It
was built in 1852, for the Sisters of Charity, and used by them
till 1858. The Monks resided in two small houses on the hillside.
8
82 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
THE OLD CALABOOSE
Was built in 1832, by Figueroa, and stood where Watson's
butcher shop, and Sunoneau's saloon are now, at the junction of
Pearl and California Streets.
THE OLD COMMISSARIAT
Was the building now occupied by E. H. Schmidt's store, on Cali
fornia Street.
Our Pioneer Residents
Though death, and the other changes that time brings with his
wings have sadly thinned the ranks of our pioneers, we still have
a few left who have remained loyal to their first love, Monterey.
D. Jose Abrego, James Meadows, Thomas Bralee, Geo. C. Har
ris, George Oliver, John A. Swan (" Pioneer,") Wm. D. Kobin-
son, George Austin, Teodoro Gonzalez, Manrico Gonzalez, B. Y.
Sargent, J. Flynn, then the youngest white boy in San Francisco,
and D. Jacks, all of whom arrived in the State before, or in 1849.
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 83
Opinions of Disinterested- Parties.
We extract the following from the speech of the Hon. P. A.
Roach, last alcalde and first mayor of Monterey, and first senator
from the County, at the centennial commemoration, on the 3d of
June, 1870 :
" Look at this magnificent bay. It stretches from point to point
twenty-eight miles. It can shelter the navies of the world. Its
anchorage is secure. No pilot has ever been needed to bring ves
sels even to its wharf. The largest ships ever constructed can ride
at anchor within a few hundred yards of the beach. The great
seaports of the world are obliged to lay heavy charges on shipping
for inward and outward pilotage. The cost of this service in San
Francisco for one year, or at the most, two years, would build in
Monterey Bay a breakwater that would give perfect security in all
weather ; but the United States Government ought to perform this
duty. Of late it has been seeking to obtain harbors in various
sections of the world, which will require immense sums to place
them in security.
" Why not devote some of the treasure to improve this harbor ?
The ports of Monterey and Santa Cruz can soon be made great
centers of shipment of merchandise. A railroad could be construct
ed to bring, for shipment hence, immense quantities of grain from
the San Joaquin region. A railroad even within the county would
bring produce to fill your grain elevators, and as in the past, Mon
84 HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY.
terey would become again in the markets of the world a place of
commercial importance. Look at yonder Estero, bridged to lead
from the Church to the Cemetery. There is a natural dock-yard
by removing the sand bar that obstructs its mouth. It is deep
enough to take in the largest ship, and was favorably reported on
by many of the Naval Commanders. Why not adopted ? Because
there was a combination on foot in 1849, of high speculators. Our
people who owned land were made to believe that the convention,
if called, would continue the Capital at Monterey ; that the Bar
racks would be used, and that a naval depot would be established
here. Then your people swapped lots in San Francisco for those
in Monterey. You remember many of these bargains to your sor
row.
" Soon came the change ; the Capital was removed to San Jose ;
then we saw the naval depot taken from us ; next we heard that
wooden shanties were to be erected in the healthier climate of Be-
nicia, for the army. These tinder boxes, and theexpense entailed"
by the change, cost over a million dollars. I asked Governor Ki
ley, the last military Governor of the Territory, why this change ?
why abandon fire-proof quarters for the others ? The gallant sol
dier, and the honest, scar-marked veteran answered in his stammer
ing manner, spec-spec-spec-speculation. That is what caused the
quick blow against your city."
We extract the following from " Three Years in California," pub
lished in 1852.
" The scenery around Monterey, and the locale of the town, ar
rest the first glance of the stranger. The wild waving background
HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY. 85
of forest-feathered cliffs, the green slopes, and the glimmering walls
of the white dwellings ; and the dash of the billows on the spark
ling sands of the bay, fix and charm the eye.* Nor does the en
chantment fade by being familiarly approached ; avenues of almost
endless variety lead off through circling steeps, and winding through
long shadowy ravines, loose themselves in the vine-clad recesses
of the distant hills. It is no wonder that
CALIFORNIA CENTERED HER TASTE, PRIDE AND WEALTH HERE,
Till the vandal irruption of gold hunters broke into her peaceful do
main. Now all eyes are turned to San Francisco, with her mud
bottoms, her sand hills, and her chill winds, wnich cut the stranger
like hail driven through the summer solstice. Avarice may erect
its shanty there, but contentment and a love of the wild and beauti
ful will construct its tabernacle among the flowers, the waving shades
and the fragrant airs of Monterey.
The climate on the seaboard is REMARKABLY EQUABLE ; it varies
at Monterey, the year round, but little from sixty."
Sea Bathing at Monterey.
The late Colbert A. Canfield, M. D., whose scientific researches
have been of immense service to the country, writes as follows :
86 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
" There is no better place on the coast, within easy access of the
large towns of California, for a watering place, than Monterey.
The climate, mild and salubrious ; the beautiful natural scenery,
landscapes and ' water-scapes,' with the wide, smooth bay in the
foreground, all combine to make it the most attractive seaside re
treat that can be found ; for the Bay of Monterey is one of the most
beautiful in the world. The town is sheltered from the cold north
east winds by the pine-covered hills on the side towards the ocean,
and still its atmosphere is scarcely even hot or uncomfortably warm.
It is, consequently, a very healthy place for all classes of persons,
but especially for children. Hence it is, I suppose, that the chil
dren are as numerous in its streets as are the quails in its neighbor
ing thickets. The summer complaints of children are almost un
known, and it is a long time since there has prevailed here any
contagious epidemic disease. The water of the bay has one peculi
arity, viz : it is much warmer than that of the ocean outside. There
is a strong current running into the bay on the north side, around
fort Ano Nuevo, that makes a complete circuit of the bay, along the
eastern shore, and running thence westward along the south shore
by the town of Monterey, it runs out around Point Pinos, even
against the wind, with so strong a current that it is very hard row
ing against it in a boat. For this reason, the water near the town
is several degrees warmer than it is on the Santa Cruz side of the
bay. And also for this reason, I suppose, it is, that there is so
much beautiful seaweed growing on the southeast side of the bay.
" Nowhere on the coast is there such a variety of beautiful and
delicate forms of sea- weed, and such an abundance, as here. Col-
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 87
lectors of the article for scientific or ornamental purposes are in
their glory here, and many of the shells are not devoid of beauty
or variety.
" The surrounding country contains much beautiful scenery, and
interesting drives may be had in various directions * * * * with
the certainty of a few hours of pleasant and healthful recreation.
Within easy access of the town are plenty of opportunities for fish
ing or hunting, for those who like these sports."
Chalybeate Waters, or Iron Springs.
Dr. Canfield, having examined the springs at the Pescadero and
Point Cypress, writes :
" The rocky cape that shelters the town of Monterey from the
sea, and forms its harbor, is a ridge of granite, coarse and rotten, the
most of it easily crumbling' to pieces where exposed to the waves or
air, and in many places colored red with the iron which it contains.
As the surface water (from rains and fogs) passes through this po
rous granite, it dissolves out the iron, as may be seen in nearly all
the springs that flow from this granite ridge towards the sea ; but
only in a few places is the water sufficiently charged with iron to be
called chalybeate, and to be serviceable as a remedial agent.
" The springs containing a noticeable quantity of iron, are near
88 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
the mouth of the Carmel river, in the ravines that have been cut
through the sandstone rocks into the granite, running down to the
sea. There may be seen here cropping out thin strata of iron ore
(carbonate and hydrated oxyd) sometimes pure, and sometimes
mixed with sand. This is a few rods south of the farm house at
the Pescadero. One spring in particular, in a ravine near the sea
shore, has its water so saturated with iron, that it is deposited in
abundance around the margin of the pools, and on the sticks and
stones in the water. There is no sulphur in the water, or next to
none, and it is quite clear and palatable except for the iron which
it contains. Here, then, we have a chalybeate water that will
undoubtedly prove an excellent tonic for people who are debilitated
and with but little blood in their veins, and it is also accompanied
by all the other hygienic adjuvants necessary for the renovation of
the strength of the feeble — a pure and healthy atmosphere, mild
and warm — it being on the south side of the promontory of Point
Pinos — Cold bathing in the surf, as it rolls in from the ocean, or
tepid baths in the warm and sheltered nooks among the rocks — as
the state of the health requires, or fancy dictates. The surrounding
scenery is beautiful. There are wide beaches with beautiful sands,
shells and curiously water-worn rocks, with caves and natural
bridges. The little bay of Carmel, in front, is dotted with rocky
islets covered with the nests of sea birds, and across the bay, Point
Lobos rears up its granite walls and turrets, resounding with cries
of seals and sea-lions that make it their habitation. The anlon
(abelone) shells are very abundant here, and it is a favorite resort
of the Chinese fishermen. Numbers of handsome agates are found
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
on the Beach, and a mine of silver and gold (?) was once opened
at the water's edge. This vein contains silver, perhaps, but the
metalliferous gangue or matrix being crystallized gypsum,
(sulphate of lime) it would hardly be possible that it could contain
gold."
Our Coal Mines.
The principal mines in the course of development are the " Mon
terey," B. V. Sargent, President; A. Manuel, Secretary; the
" Mai Paso," J. W. Miller, President ; A. H. Harris, Secretary.
There are also the Consolidated Coal Mining Co., whose offi
ces are in San Francisco : A. J. Griffiths, President ; E. Hayden,
Secretary : and several others of minor importance. It is quite
probable that in a few months Monterey will ship away large
quantities of coal, as the prospects are highly nattering.
Our Wild Flowers.
We cull the following from the San Francisco Chronicle, as it
is so thoroughly applicable to our own hill-sides and canons, teem
90 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
ing as they are with beautiful flowers, rare and graceful ferns, and
odorous flowering shroubs.
" Whosoever has seen a little of California will forgive' us for
loving our wild flowers. They are so many and so beautiful that
we cannot withhold the expression of our admiration. We used
to love, and we love yet, the modest, shy little violet that in the
East was almost snow-born, and which timidly put forth its azure
petals on the first touch of May. We loved it for associations
broken up long ago. But how little is the whole sisterhood of
flowers at the East compared with the glories of a California
Spring? We go out upon our hill-sides at that season and find
miracles of beauty everywhere under our feet — not single flowers,
but a wilderness of sweetness and beauty, never to be forgotten. We
have counted in one morning twenty-nine varieties within less than the
area of an acre, and some of them exquisitely pure in color and in
symmetry. In all the foothills and mountain-sides of California,
even far into its arid Summery, flowers burst up from among rocks
which seem hardly able to give a foothold for aught so delicate and
fragile, challenging your admiration, and almost seeming to rejoice
that the wandering feet of a stranger have led him where his eyes
could feast upon their beauties, which else had never been seen by
man. Our gardens are beautiful with the chosen flowers of every
clime and country, but the retiring beauties of our hill-sides and
canons have a charm for us that no tricks of the gardener's skill
can imitate or approach."
HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY. 91
MONTEREY TRADES DIRECTORY.
Hotels.
Washington, Lockwood & Bryan, Washington street.
Monterey House, Paulson & Lagoni, Alvarado street.
Bay View House, Private Lodging House, Main street.
Boarding House and Restaurant, M. Silvas, Pearl street.
Furnished Rooms, J. Simoneau, Pearl street.
Restaurant, R. C. Wornes, Tyler street.
J. Simoneau's Restaurant, Pearl street.
Dry Goods, Groceries, Cigars, and General Merchandise.
Wm. Bardin, Alvarado street.
H. Escolle & Co., California and Polk streets.
W. Laporte, Alvarado street.
L. Little, Washington street.
J. Abrego, Pearl street.
B. Mendessolle, Washington street.
Groceries and Provisions.
J. B. Snively, Alvarado and Pearl streets. Wells, Fargo & Co.'s
Agent.
92 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
E. II. Schmidt, California street.
F. Gomez, Alvarado street, Post Office.
M. Silvas, Pearl street.
W. H. Pjburn, Alvarado street.
Dry Goods.
L. Bergstein, Polk street.
S. Marks, Alvarado street.
Watchmakers, Jewelers, Gunsmiths, and Hardware
Dealers.
McClure Bros., Washington street.
Silversmith, Engraver, and Draughtsman.
4
John Hall, Abrego street.
Silversmiths and Abelone Jewelers.
Celestino Truxillo, Alvarado street.
P. H. Masters, Alvarado street.
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 93
Tinsmith and Hardware Dealer.
W. W. James, Pearl street.
Vegetables, Fruits, Tobaccos, Stationery, and Notions.
L. B. Austin, Alvarado street.
Porter Long, Pearl street. . .
Butchers.
F. Doud, Alvarado street.
Thos. Watson, Pearl street.
Bakers.
Mrs. Bradwick, American Bread, Washington street.
H. Escolle, French Bakery, California street.
Lumber Merchants.
Lambert Bros., the Old Wharf, Railroad Depot.
9
94 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
Carpenters and Builders.
L. Bos well, Polk street.
G. Oliver, Larkin street.
H. Prinz.
E. J. Lewis, Alvarado street.
A. Guillee, Polk street.
G. Sullivan, California street.
C. Herron, Washington street.
J. Gray, Pacific Grove.
F. Graham, Pacific Grove.
House, Sign, and Carriage Painters.
St. Glair, Roberts & Trascol, Houston street.
Saddler and Harness Maker.
J. Cramer, Pearl street.
*
Boot and Shoe Makers.
Chris. Gamber, Pearl street.
A. Chacon, Pearl street.
HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY. 95
M. Vargas, Houston street.
Manuel Bojorges.
Barber.
S. Koffle, Pearl street.
Plasterers.
P. Corley & F. Folsom.
Pianos and Organs.
E. E. Curtis, Main street.
Blacksmiths and Wheelwrights.
Dodge & Sanchez, Alvarado street.
A. B. Reed, Alvarado street.
A. Toothacher.
Saloons.
Wise & Harris, Pearl street.
J. Simoneau, Pearl street.
yb HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
4
The Shades, R. Morey, Alvarado street.
The Union, D. Ruiz, Pearl street.
Railroad Exchange, A. Sanchez, Alvarado street.
Depot Saloon, J. Feraud.
Monterey Saloon, M. Dutra.
Railroad House Bowling Alley and Saloon, P. Serrano, Alvarado
street.
Monterey Brewery, V. Gigling, California street.
Livery Stables.
Bryan & Bonny, Washington street.
R. Morey, The Shades, Alvarado street.
Teamsters.
R. Morey, Alvarado street.
John Myers, Washington street.
J. Caldwell, Main street.
Laundry.
Qo Tai, California street.
The following pages in reference to Monterey County we extract
from the very accurate and valuable work compiled by Mr. A. W.
Butler, the " Kesources of Monterey County." The work will be
sent, free of charge, to any one applying to Mr. Butler, or Mr.
Winham, of Salinas City, California. All persons intending to
visit or reside in California should read it.
Monterey County.
This county lies between parallels 35 degrees and 45 minutes
and 37 degrees north latitude, and the central portion of the county
is in longitude 121 degrees and 30 minutes west from Greenwich ;
is bounded on the north by Santa Cruz County and Monterey Bay,
on the east by the counties of San Benito, Fresno, and Tulare, on
the south by San Luis Obispo County, and on the west by the
Pacific Ocean ; has an area of 3,600 square miles, or 2,304,000
acres of land, and its northern boundary lies south from San Fran
cisco about 90 miles by railroad. There is a great diversity of
9*
[97] '
98 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
soil, climate, and productions, owing to the peculiar manner in
which the county is divided by mountains, hills, and valleys. The
territory may be regarded as divided naturally into four sections,
viz :
The Santa Lucia Mountains,
Which extend from Monterey Bay on the north into San Luis
Obispo County, where the range unites with the Coast Range, and
from the Pacific Ocean — out of which they may be said to rise — to
the Salinas Valley east — a distance of some eighteen miles. These
mountains are in most places very rough and steep, especially in
the central and western portions of the range, so much so that
some parts of the country have not been explored. They attain
in the rougher portions a height of 5,000 feet. In these mount
ains are many places where water is plentiful and the surface of
the country such as to furnish a good home. The number of in
habitants that find places in the little valleys and canons, and on
the mountain sides of this range, is increasing rapidly every year.
These mountain homes, sheltered from the winds, possessing a
delightful climate, have peculiar advantages in the production of
fruits. Grapes, figs, peaches, apricots, oranges, lemons and semi-
tropical fruits flourish here.
Higher up on the mountains are many small stock ranches,
where there is always plenty of feed. Wood is everywhere abun
dant, and persons living in this section have quite a trade in this
article. There are several coal mines eight or ten miles south of
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 99
Monterey that promise well, though they have not yet any efficient
means of transportation from the mines to market, but it is said
that a railroad can be constructed without much difficulty to Mon
terey. Gold has been discovered in several places in this range,
but not in paying quantities. These mountains contain immense
deposits of limestone, from which the very best quality of lime can
be produced ; and as lime rock is not found very abundantly in the
State, this county will doubtless build up an immense trade in that
article. In this district are located the famous Tassajara and
Pariso and other hot mineral springs. The land is mostly unsur-
veyed Government land. Game of all descriptions, from the quail
to the grizzly bear, abounds. The scenery is unsurpassed in eicteut,
grandeur, or beauty.
The Great Salinas Valley
Lies between the Gabilan mountains on the east and the Santa
Lucia mountains on the west, and opens upon Monterey Bay at
the north, from which it extends over one hundred miles south,
with a width of from six to fifteen miles, and contains an area of
about 1,000 square miles, or 640,000 acres of land. Through the
valley runs the Salinas River, which has a quicksand bottom, and
carries a large volume of water in the wet season, but a small
quantity in the dry part of the year. The principal tributaries of
the Salinas are the San Lorenzo and Estrayo from the east, and
100 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
the Arroyo Seco, San Antonio, and Nacimiento from the west.
The lands of the valley may be divided into three classes :
First — The heavy, rich bottom lands, good for the growth of
anything. This soil is mostly black adobe, and in many localities
contains just enough sand to make it work easily, thereby making
not only one of the richest soils in the world, but also one of the
pleasantest and easiest worked. These lands sometimes produce
over one hundred bushels of barley to the acre, and one tract near
Salinas City, containing six hundred acres, has produced of wheat
an average of sixty-five bushels per acre. The lands,: commonly
known here as " sediment lands," belonging to this class, (although
comprising a small portion of it) do not stand a drouth as well
as some of the other lands. The average crop of wheat on these
lands may be set down as about thirty-seven bushels per acre, and
of barley about sixty-four bushels per acre.
Second — The table lands, good for almost anything, and especi
ally for wheat and barley. These lands stand dry weather or a
short supply of rain better than any other in the valley. The
average yield of these lands is, of wheat about thirty bushels per
acre, and of barley about fifty bushels per acre.
Third — The upland, good for the production of wheat, barley,
oats, and rye. These lands lie close along the base of the mountains
in the lower part of the canons and among the lower hills, and
differ very much in quality in different localities, some being as
good land as there is in the valley, while other tracts are not so
good. Some of this land is the very best fruit land in the State,
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 101
and will produce oranges, limes, lemons, peaches, apricots, almonds,
figs, and the other fruits common to this section.
There were cultivated in this valley in 1874 about eighty thous
and acres in crops of all kinds ; from this acreage there were ex
ported thirty-two thousand tons of wheat and twelve thousand tons
of barley. For other crops we have no data, but immense quanti
ties of potatoes, beans, hay, and other crops were produced. The
land in cultivation, in 1875, is about 110,000 acres. The price of
wheat has ranged for the last three years so as to give an average
price of about |1.57 per hundred delivered at the depot in Salinas
City. Barley is now selling at $1.50 per hundred. The Salinas
Valley, in point of fertility and diversity of soil, has no superior in
the State, and when this is considered in connection with its mild
and healthful climate, the amount of tillable land, and its proximity
to the commercial center of the State, the great advantages pos
sessed for transportation of produce, and the cheapness of freights
compared with the more remote sections of the State, it has no
equal. For every mile a farmer in California places himself from
1 San Francisco he has to pay for it in two ways — first, by the
amount of extra freight on what he buys ; second, by the amount of
extra freight deducted from the market price of what he has to sell.
The use of this valley, as agricultural land, has been confined to
the past six years ; prior to that time stock-raising was the occupa
tion of the people, and the land was held in large tracts of from
three thousand to forty-nine thousand acres, and as a consequence,
this is a NEW COUNTY AND COUNTRY. As these large tracts of land
102 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
are now being cut up and sold off, a splendid opportunity is offered
to any one that wishes to secure a good home.
The Gabilan Mountains
Extend from the Pajaro River, at the northern boundary of the
county, through the entire length of the county. From the Pajaro
River, going south, the first eighteen miles of the range is a system
of low mountains, covered almost everywhere with grass and an
abundance of timber. This part of these mountains is now nearly
entirely occupied. The next thirty miles of the range is composed
of high, rough mountains, which extend as far south as the San
Lorenzo. From the San Lorenzo to the southern boundary of the
county, these mountains are low, rolling hills, forming the foot-hills
of the Coast Range, and are about twenty or thirty miles in width.
In this section are several beautiful little valleys, among which are
Peach-Tree Valley, Cholamo Valley, Indian Valley, Long Valley,
Priest Valley, and several others, nearly all of which possess a
good soil. These valleys have a delightful climate, peculiarly
adapted to the growth of semi-tropical fruits. The land is nearly
all unsurveyed Government land, and at present is used chiefly in
the stock business. The Gabilan Mountains, in their climate and
adaptability, closely resemble the Santa Lucia. This range con
tains immense deposits of lime-stone, and quicksilver has been dis
covered.
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 103
The Pajaro Valley
Is located along the northern line of Monterey County, and extends
across the Pajaro River into Santa Cruz County. This valley
possesses one of the most productive soils in the State. The Pajaro
River runs westerly through this valley, and finds an outlet in
Monterey Bay. This section is separated from the Salinas Valley
by a low range of hills that extend from the Gabilan Mountains to
Monterey Bay. The climate is similar to that of the Salinas.
The Assessor's Books for 1874
Show that the property in the county is worth about $10,000,000.
The total number of acres of land, aside from town lots, assessed,
is 764,995 ; this land is valued at 15,733,512, or about $7.49 per
acre, and the value of the improvements on this land is put at
$423,737. The personal property is valued at $2,401,275. The
rate of taxation for 1874 was $1.66 on the hundred dollars ; this,
however, is much higher than our ordinary rates, and was so fixed
in order to get the county out of debt, and in this object it suc
ceeded.
The Population.
Although we have no very accurate source of information on this
subject, the population of the county is about 9,000, and is increas-
104 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
ing so rapidly that, with no elections of general interest to cause
voters to register, there have been registered in this county since the
last general election, 1,740 aditional voters.
Land Titles
In this county have long been settled, and there is hardly a case of
doubtful land title in the county. The Government land is nearly
all unsurveyed, and where occupied, is held by the right of pos
session.
Price of Land.
Farming lands in this county range in price from $ 3 to $150*
per acre, owing to quality and location. Bottom lands in the
Pajaro Valley are worth from $80 to $150 per acre, while the
rolling and hill lands sell at from $15 to $40 per acre. The low
hill lands interspersed with small valleys, between the Pajaro and
Salinas Valley, vary in price from $6 to $25 per acre with im
provements ; of these lands there are about fifteen or twenty
thousand acres. The table lands of the Salinas Valley sell at
from $30 to $60 per acre, while some sell as low as $15. The
heavy bottom lands range in price from $50 to $100 per acre, and
in the immediate vicinity of Salinas City sell at $100 to $250 per
acre, in small tracts of from one to twenty acres. The uplands are
•worth from $3 to $25 per acre, owing to quality and location.
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 105
There is a vast quantity of unsurveyed Government land in the
hilly and mountainous parts of the county, now held by the right of
possession ; and these tracts are frequently offered in the market
for low figures for the right of possession and the improvements.
This possession gives no fee to the land, but gives to the purchaser
the right to occupy until surveyed, and then the first right to buy
at Government prices. To parties unacquainted with our lands
the prices given above may seem high, but when it is understood
that these lands are unsurpassed in productiveness, and need no
irrigation ; that in dry seasons they produce good crops when
other sections fail ; that in wet seasons our lands yield immensely ;
that the county has such good facilities for transportation of pro
duce ; that we possess advantages for harvesting grain not found
in many localities ; that we have a climate that is delightful and
especially adapted to the comfort of the farmer ; that good society
and good schools are found almost everywhere within our borders ;
and that every farmer who bestows the proper care and labor in
seed-time upon his land is almost beyond doubt assured of a
bountiful harvest ; we think the prices will be attributed to the
merit in the lands and their surroundings. One man may do a
foolish thing, but many are not apt to invest in lands that are sell
ing for more than they are worth, yet in this county during 1874
there was sold $300,000 worth of land to men who had been rent
ing and farming the lands they bought, and most of them made
the purchase-money from land.
10
106 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
Rent of Farming Land
Is from $2.50 to 810 per acre. Many of the renters pay a part
of the crop, say one-third or one-fourth. Of course, the $10 land
is the very best, and the renter can afford to pay the price. Farm
ers in Monterey County, paying the prices for land and rent given
above, on an average have done better in the last five years than
have the farmers of any other county in the State.
The Health
Of the people of this county is as good as in any section of the
State. We have no chills and fever, no epidemic diseases. We
possess a climate that in itself does not produce disease of any
kind, an atmosphere that brings no malaria. There is no night in
the year but is cool enough to afford a good, refreshing sleep under
a pair of blankets, and none so cold that a person could not sleep
comfortably in the open air under the same cover.
Schools.
There are now organized about thirty-two school districts in thia
county, and in these districts schools are maintained for most of
the time during the year. The wages paid to teachers are such as
HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY. 107
to command good talent. For instance, several districts situated
in remote parts of the county have the good judgment to pay their
teachers from $30 to $ 100 per month, and thereby they secure aa
good teachers as are found in the towns. In no district in the
county are low wages paid. The State and county provide ample
means to give every child a good English education if the parents
of the districts but see that they get the worth of their money.
With fifteen children between 'the ages of five and seventeen years
a new district can be formed. California has a good school
system, and it is gensrally well administered. There are no private
schools of any note in the county.
Stock-raising
Is still a prominent interest in this county, especially in the mount
ainous and hilly portions, which are covered with sheep and cattle.
Horses are raised for the markets by many of the farmers, and the
better class of horses find a ready sale. Some persons have given
attention to the raising of hogs, and the number shipped from the
county every year is very large. The raising of hogs is very profit
able in connection with farming, dairying, etc. No kind of stock
requires feeding, except such as are kept up, as they find sufficient
grazing the entire. year.
Monterey County is one of the best sheep counties in the State,
but persons need not come here with the expectation of finding a
cheap class of land in tracts large enough to feed bands of sheep of
108 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
10,000 and over. Our lands, as a general thing in valleys, are
too valuable for sheep pastures, and in the hills it is difficult to find
pasturage for large bands in one locality.
Angora Goats.
The Cashmere or Angora Goat business is of late attracting con
siderable attention among wide-awake business men, and is thorough
ly establishing itself as one of the substantial industries of this
State. In this county the Santa Lucia and Gabilan mountains
contain many thousand acres of Government land just suited to the
grazing of goats.
Dairying
Receives much attention, and persons engaged in the business
find it very profitable. One dairy, four miles from Salinas City,
belonging to C. S. Abbott, produced, in 1874, about two hundred
thousand pounds of butter, which yielded $70,000. This is the
largest dairy, but many others are doing proportionally well.
Butter and cheese always find a ready market. There are many
small dairies scattered through the hills of this county. The climate
is peculiarly adapted to this business — there is probably no better
in the State.
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 109
Flax and Mustard
Are cultivated to considerable extent in the county.
Sugar Beets and Mangel- Wurzels
Are considerably cultivated by persons who have stock to feed and
have only a small tract of land. The crop is a great success, both
as to the immense amount of feed produced, and as to the conve
nience for use. The yield, with proper cultivation in good soil, is
from seventy-five to one hundred and fifty tons per acre. The
crop can be left growing all winter, and taken up as' required for
use, and when the ground is wanted for a new crop, what remains
of the old crop can be pulled up and thrown into a pile. The
mangel-wurzel grows to be very large, some of them grown around
Salinas City weighing from ninety to one hundred and seventy
pounds.
Potatoes
Are extensively cultivated, and make in many localities immense
yields and are very profitable. Monterey County is one of the
best potato counties in the State— both as to the quantity and
quality of the crop.
10*
110 HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY.
Alfalfa
Does well in almost every locality in this county, and produces
from three to four crops of hay, of from two to four tons per acre
every year, where it is used for making hay, and furnishes a per
petually green pasture, good for #11 kinds of stock, where used for
the purposes of pasturage.
Pumpkins
Are also raised largely for feed on places where there is no outside
range. One farmer in Pajaro produced one weighing two hundred
and twelve pounds.
Beans
Are extensively cultivated in this county, the profit of the crop
being large.
County Officers.
County Judge, W. M. R. Parker; Sheriff, J. B. Smith;
County Clerk, John Markley ; Recorder, Herbert Mills ; Treas
urer, B. T. Nixon ; Assessor, W. V. McGarvey ; School Superin-
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. Ill
tendent, R. C. McCrosky ; Tax Collector, M. Castro ; District At
torney, M. Farley; Auditor, J. B. Scott; Surveyor, F. L. Ripley.
BOARD OP SUPERVISORS. — E. St.. John, S. B. Gordon, J.
Sheehy, E. Breen, J. B. H. Cooper. Regular meetings, first Mon
day in February, May, August and November.
THE COURTS. — County Court, W. M. R. Parker, Judge ; meets
on first Monday in March, May, July, September and November.
District Court, Belden, Judge ; meets on the third Monday in
March, July and November. Probate Court, Parker, Judge ; in
chambers at the Court House, in Salinas City, every Saturday, at
10 o'clock A. M.
Salinas City
Is the county seat of Monterey County. It is located on the
Southern Pacific Railroad, one hundred and eighteen miles from
San Francisco, ten miles from tide water at Moss Landing, and
eighteen miles by Monterey and Salinas Valley Railroad from the
harbor at Monterey. It is a young and thriving town, only seven
years old : and, situated as it is in the central portion of the rich
agricultural lands of the Salinas Valley, is one of the finest business
localities in the State. The population of the city has more than
doubled in the last two years, and is still increasing as rapidly as
112 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
ever. Enterprise and prosperity are everywhere visible. Ac
cording to the annual report of the Mayor for last fiscal year there
was spent for public improvement about $ 60,000. The city is well
supplied with gas and water, and a well organized and equipped
fire department. The school buildings are ample and commodious,
and the schools of the town employ six teachers at present. There
are eight church organizations presided over by pastors, viz :
Methodist Episcopal Church, Methodist Episcopal Church South,
Presbyterian Church, United Presbyterian Church, Episcopal
Church, Christian Church, Baptist Church, and Catholic Church.
Of Lodges, there are the Independent Order of Odd Fellows,
Free and Accepted Masons, Independent Order of Red Men, the
Patrons of Husbandry, and the Sons of Temperance. The rate of
taxation for 1874—75 was forty cents on the $ 100 of property.
The assessed value of property for 1875 is about $1,500, 000.
This is the great central point in Monterey County of trade,
wealth, and commerce, and from its natural surroundings must of
necessity continue to be so. It would be a good investment for
persons acquainted with the business to establish woollen mills here,
as this county produces large quantities of wool. The annual clip
of the county is about seven hundred thousand pounds. San
Benito, formerly a part of Monterey County, also produces large
quantities of wool. A boot and shoe factory would do well here.
An establishment for the manufacture of sugar from the beet
would find this a good location. Machine shops and foundries of
various kinds would find plenty of business here. We have but
two flouring mills. Wagon and carriage factories would find a
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 113
good field at this place. We need a good college here, as there is
no institution of the kind in the county, and our climate is pecu
liarly adapted to the wants of pupils. Many of the manufactured
articles that we have to buy might be procured at home. What
we especially need is more capital, and we think that there is no
place on the coast where a man that has money can go and do
better than he can here ; there are many good investments to be
made. — [Resources of Monterey County.
SALINAS CITY DIRECTORY.
Mayor, H. S. Ball ; Common Council, W. D. Reynolds, G. A
Tolman, S. Cassiday, M. Hughes, C. Hoffman, S. P. Carter ; City
Marshal, W. W. Elliott ; City Clerk, A. W. Butler ; City Treasurer,
S. W. Conklin ; City Attorney, N. G. Wyatt ; City Surveyor, St.
John Cox ; City Assessor, W. L. Carpenter.
EPISCOPAL CHURCH — Corner of Gabilan and California streets ;
Rev. J. S. McGowan, Rector ; services every Sunday at 11 o'clock
A. M. ; Sunday School at 10 o'clock A. M.
CHRISTIAN CHURCH — Preaching every other Lord's Day at the
Court House, by Elder Byrarn Lewis, at 11 o'clock, A. M. All
are invited to. attend.
UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH — Sabbath school and Bible class
at 10 o'clock A. M. ; services every Sabbath at 11 A. M. and 7
p. M., at Pacific Hall, in Salinas City. Prayer meetings every
Tuesday evening alternately at the residences of the different
114 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
members. Seats free. All are cordially invited to attend. Rev.
Geo. McCormick, Pastor.
M. E. CHURCH — Rev. Geo. 0. Ash, Pastor ; services in new
church on Gabilan street, at 11 o'clock A. M. and 7:30 o'clock P. M. ;
class meeting at 12 M. ; Sabbath school at 2:30 P. M. ; prayer
meeting every Thursday evening at 7:30.
M. E. CHURCH SOUTH — Preaching every Sunday at 11 o'clock
A. M,, and 7:30 P. M. ; Sunday school at 10 o'clock ; prayer
meeting Wednesday evening at 7:30 o'clock. Rev. Mr. Renfro,
Pastor.
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH — Central Avenue ; Sabbath school at
9:45 o'clock A. M. ; Dr. W. H. Davies, Superintendent ; services
at 11 o'clock A. M. and 8:30 p. M. Seats free. All are cordially
invited to attend. Rev. W. H. Wilson, Pastor.
SALINAS LODGE No. 204, F & A. M. — Stated meetings on
Saturday, on or before the full moon in each month. Sojourning
brothers invited to attend. W. V. McGarvey, W. M. ; E. K.
Abbott, Secretary.
ALISAL LODGE No. 163,1. 0. OF 0. F. — Meets every Wednesday
evening at 7 o'clock, in Odd Fellows' Hall, Main Street, Salinas
City. Members of the order in good standing invited to attend.
G. A. Tolman, N. G. ; H. W. Mills, R. S. ; Jas. McDougall, P. S.
IMPROVED ORDER OF RED MEN. — Gabilan Tribe, No. 44, meets
every Tuesday evening at Grangers' Hall. Visiting and sojourning
brothers in good standing invited to attend. A. Bullene, S. ; L.
Auker, C. R.
PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY. — Until further notice, Salinas Grange
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 115
*
No. 24, Patrons of Husbandry, will meet at Grangers' Hall, over
Vanderhursfc, Sanborn & Go's store, on the 1st and 3d Saturdays
of each month, at 2 o'clock p. x., for business. J. R. Hebbron,
Master ; Wm. Quentill, Overseer ; F. Johnson, Lecturer ; Geo.
Abbott, Chaplain ; Peter Matthews, Steward ; S. D. Triplett,
Assistant Steward ; Mrs. Killburn, Ceres ; Mrs. Cony, Pomona ;
Mrs. Ida Hebbron, Flora ; Mrs. P. Matthews, L. A. S ; Clara
Westlake, Secretary.
THE MAILS. — For Castroville, Watsonville, and all points north
of Salinas City, mails close at 11 A. M. ; for New Republic,
Natividad, Monterey, and all points south of Salinas City, at
2:30 P. M.
POST OFFICE. — Closed on Sunday from 10:30 A. M. to 3 p. M.
Southern Pacific R. R. passenger train leaves Salinas depot
going north 11:15 A. M., going south, 2:45 P. M. M. & S. V. R.
R. for Monterey, 3:15 P. M. On Sundays, 9:45 A. M., 5:45 p. M.
Excursion tickets good from Saturday night to Monday morning.
Salinas City Fire Department. — Chief Engineer, J. B. Langford ;
First Assistant, J. D. Brower ; Second Assistant, R. L. Robbins ;
Secretary, L. H. Garrigus. Engine Co. No. 1 ; Foreman, Jas.
Swasey. Alert Hook & Ladder Co. No. 1 ; Foreman, W. L.
Carpenter. Excelsior Hose Co. No. 1 ; Foreman, J. C. Kelly.
116 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
Castroville.
This thriving town was started in 1863, by Juan B. Castro, one of
the owners of the Castro Grant. Mr. Castro, -through his skillful
management and business energy, has succeeded in making Castro-
ville, from a wayside station, a town of about 800 to 900 inhabit
ants.
The business establishments of this place are, two good hotels,
two livery stables, five stores, one tin shop, one millinery shop, three
saloons, one brewery, one flour mill, two blacksmith shops, one
newspaper, post office, express, W. U. and A. & P. telegraph of
fices, drug store, tailor shop, shoe-maker, two churches and a fine
school house.
Castroville being within three miles of the shipping point for
much of the country back of it, and a great part of the traffic una
voidably passing through it, commands a large share of trade far up
the valley, while in its immediate vicinity are the immense Moro
Cojo, Bolsa Nueva, Santa Rita and Escarpinos ranches, containing
some 39,000 acres of most excellent agricultural, grazing and wood
land, which are being rapidly sold off in small farms, besides the
Cooper and other large ranches that are rented to substantial
tenants.
Castroville is a growing town, located on the Southern Pacific
Railroad, two and one-half miles from Moss Landing, fifteen miles
northwest of Monterey and nine miles north of Salinas City. The
HAND BOOK 'OF MONTEREY. . 117
trade of the town commands a good population. School facilities
are excellent, and there are two churches in the place. The town
is immediately surrounded by fine agricultural land, well watered,
while to the east of Castroville, about three miles distant, there are
large tracts of grazing and timbered land, a considerable area of
table lands and rolling hills, the soil of these being sandy and well
adapted to the raising of stock and the growing of fruits, vegetables,
oats, rye, etc. Water is attainable in the town and vicinity at
from six to fifteen feet. The average yield of adjacent lands is of
wheat thirty bushels per acre, and of barley fifty bushels ; one hun
dred bushels of barley per acre have been raised in some cases.
The agricultural lands around Castroville are well suited to the
growing, not only of wheat and barley, but to the successful culti
vation of oats, corn, beets, potatoes and vegetables. The health of
the town is exceptionally good, and the climate equable. — Re
sources of Monterey County.
Castroville Directory,
Wm. Childs, Justice of the Peace ; J. W. Mitchell, Justice of
the Peace ; G. Alderman, Constable ; P. Ojeda, Constable ; Juan
Pomber, Roadmaster.
11
118 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
POST OFFICE.
Mails close, going north, at 11 o'clock A. M. Going south, at 2
p. M. Israel Johnson, P. M.
SOUTHERN PACIFIC R. R.
PASSENGER TRAIN leaves Castroville Depot, going north, at
11:40 A. M. Going south, at 2:25 p. M.
FREIGHT TRAIN leaves, going north, at 12 M. Going south, at
5 P. M.
»
M. AND S. V. R. R.
Castroville Crossing. — To Salinas, 9:30 A. M.; Monterey, 3:30
p. M. Sundays, to Salinas, 9 A. M. and 5 p. M.; Monterey, 10 A. M.
and 6 p. M.
F. AND A. M.
CONFIDENCE LODGE, No. 203, F. & A. M. — Stated communi
cations on the Saturday evening preceding each full moon, in Tol-
man's Hall, Castroville. A. P. Potter, W. M.;'L. Wollinberg,
Secretary.
HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY. 119
I. 0. 0. F.
CASTROVILLE ENCAMPMENT, No. 37, I. 0. 0. F. — Meets first
and third Tuesdays of each month, at Odd Fellows' Hall, Castro-
ville. J. M. Pomber, C. P.; M. M. Speegle, Scribe.
SALINAS LODGE, No. 163, 1. 0. 0. F. — Meets every Saturday
evening, in Odd Fellows' Hall, Castroville. M. M. Speegle, N. G.;
F. L. Whitcher, R. S.
P. OP H.
MORNING STAR GRANGE, No. 188, P. of H.— Meets in Tol-
man's Hall, every two weeks, commencing April 3d, 1875. F.
Brown, M.; Miss M. Paton, Sec.
CHURCH SERVICES.
Rev. 0. D. Kelly, of Watsonville, will preach in the Union
Church every Sunday at 3^ o'clock P. M. Sunday-school at 2£
p. M.
The Catholic Church, Rev. Father Kern, services at 10 o'clock
A. M. on Sundays.
Newspaper — The Argus, published every Saturday.
120 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
.Moss Landing
•
Is located on the Bay of Monterey at the mouth of the Salinas
river, about three miles from Castroville, and has three extensive
and commodious warehouses for the storage of grain, and a substan
tial wharf running out into the bay about 1000 feet, where vessels
lie to take in grain. A regular line of steamers call twice a week.
Santa Rita
Is a small town situated about three miles from Salinas City. The
County Alms House, under the charge of Dr. S. M. Archer, is lo
cated here. The town also boasts of a fine Catholic church. Al
though situated too near Salinas City ever to become a large place,
it must always remain a thriving little village.
Soledad
Is a thriving little town started in 1874, and is the present terminus
of the Southern Pacific Railroad: Situated in the midst of a
splendid agricultural country, perfectly level up to the fertile
foothills, with crops that never fail, well watered by the river, and
having water within twenty feet of the surface, it is bound to become
HAND BOOK OF MONTJptEY. 121
a town of some importance. A fine school house is now being
erected. The coast line of stages to the South connects with the
Southern Pacific Railroad.
Chualar
Is a rising agricultural town on the Southern Pacific Railroad,
situated in a beautiful valley, well watered, and with good lowlands
and foothills. The climate and crops are equal to the best portions
of the Salinas Valley. It is distant about ten miles southeast of
Salinas, and will probably become a town of some importance.
Gonzales
Is another new town about twenty miles southeast of Salinas, in
the heart of the Salinas Valley. With good lands, well watered, a
good season would make town lots very valuable.
Natividad
Is a pretty little town at the foot of the- Gabilan Range, about six
miles northeast of Salinas City.
11*
122 HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY.
The Mission of Soledad
Was founded October 9th, 1791, and is situated fifteen leagues
southwest of Monterey on the left bank of the Salinas river, in a
fertile plain known by the name of the " Llano del Rey." The
priest was an indefatigable agriculturist. To obviate the summer
drought, he constructed, through the labor of his Indians, an
aqueduct extending 15 miles, by which he could water twenty
thousand acres. In 1826 the mission owned about 36,000 head of
cattle, and a greater number of horses and mares than any other
mission in the country. So great was the reproduction of these ani
mals that they were not only given away but also driven in bands
into the bay of Monterey in order to preserve the pasturage for the
cattle. It had about 70,000 sheep and 300 yoke of tame oxen.
In 1819 the Major domo of this mission gathered 3400 bushels of
wheat from 38 bushels sown. Its secularization has been followed
by decay and ruin. — Walter Cotton.
The mission possessed a fine orchard of a thousand trees, but
very few were left in 1849. There was also a vineyard about six
miles from the mission in a gorge of the mountains.
It is 18 miles from Monterey to Buena Vista, and 25 from there
to Soledad : the road could be shortened by bridging some of the
gulches. The road passes through some beautiful oak groves, af
fording perfect shelter from the sun and wind ; it is like traveling
through a fine park. The left bank of the Salinas river should be
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 123
followed, as it is superior in beautiful scenery and shelter from sun
and wind to the right or main bank, and commands charming views
of the Santa Lucia range, whose foothills are covered with mosaics
of acres of flowers of the most brilliant hues, and of -gentle slopes
covered with gnarled and curiously shaped oaks. From Soledad
to San Antonio by the Relese cation is 30 miles, or by the stage
road about 45 miles ; for campers and lovers of nature's beauties
the horse trail through the canon is by far the pleasantest, as there
is an abundance of wood and water on the road, and finer and
grander scenery for those who can enjoy it.
The Mission of San Antonio
Was founded by Padre Junipero Serra, July 14th, 1771, and is
situated about twelve leagues south of Soledad on the border of an
inland stream upon which it has conferred its name. The build
ings were inclosed in a square, twelve hundred feet on each side,
and walled with adobes. Its lands were forty-eight leagues in cir
cumference, including seven farms, with a convenient house and
chapel attached to each. ' The stream was conducted in paved
trenches twenty miles for purposes of irrigation ; large crops re
warded the husbandry of the Padres. In 1822 this mission owned
52,800 head of cattle, 1800 tame horses, 3000 mares, 500 yoke
124 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
of working oxen, 600 mules, 48,000 sheep and 1000 swine. The
climate here is cold in winter and intensely hot in summer. This
mission on its secularization fell into the hands of an administrator
who neglected its farms, drove off its cattle, and left its poor
Indians to starve. — Walter Coltorfs Three Years in California.
The mission grapes were very sweet ; wine and aguardiente were
made from them in early days, and the grapes were brought to
Monterey for sale. The vineyard and garden walls are now gone,
and the cattle have destroyed the vines ; many of the buildings are
down, and the tiles have been removed to roof houses on some of the
adjoining ranches. The church is still in good repair. There was
formerly a good grist mill at the Mission, but that also, like the Mis
sion, is a thing of the past. — Pioneer M. 8.
Mission of San Juan Bautista.
x
This Mission looms over a rich valley ten leagues from Monterey
— founded 1794. Its lands swept the broad interval and adjacent
hills. In 1820 it owned 43,870 head of cattle, 1360 tame horses,
4870 mares, colts and fillies. It had seven sheep farms, contain
ing 69,530 sheep ; while the Indians attached to the Mission drove
321 yoke of working oxen. Its storehouse contained $75,000 in
goods and $20,000 in specie. This miss-ion was secularized in
HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY. 125
1834 ; its cattle slaughtered for the hides and tallow, its sheep
left to the wolves, its horses taken by the dandies, its Indians left
to hunt acorns, while the wind sighs over the grave of its last
Padre.— Walter Cotton.
Hollister.
Hollister is the county seat of San Benito county ; it contains a
population of aj)out 2000, and is one of the most thriving and
prosperous towns of the State. It is pleasantly located in the
center of one of the most beautiful and fertile valleys on the Pacific
Coast.
It is situated on one branch of the Southern Pacific Railroad, of
which it is the practical terminus — 94 miles, or about five hours'
ride from San Francisco. This road passes through the finest and
most picturesque section of the State ; the intermediate stations
embracing the following prominent towns and cities, to wit : San
Mateo, Belmont, Redwood City, Menlo Park, Mayfield, Mountain
View, Santa Clara, San Jose and Gilroy. The celebrated Gilroy
Mineral Springs, resorted to by invalids and visitors from all parts
of the world, are about 20 miles distant, and the noted Paso Robles
Springs of San Luis Obispo are located 180 miles southwest from
Hollister.
126 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY.
Some of the most celebrated watering places of the coast can be
reached by rail or vehicle in a few hours. Santa Cruz, known all
over the world for its" grand scenery and beautiful beaches, is 40
miles distant ; and Aptos, a new rival as a pleasure-seeking resort,
is nine miles this side. Watsonville, a cool, shady and delightful
place to spend a few days of the hot season, has a nice beach five
miles from town,- reached by a fine gravelly road — is 23 miles from
Hollister. Last, though not least, is the " CITY BY THE SEA" — the
ancient capital of the State, Monterey, which is about 44 miles dis
tant. Its natural charms and advantages as a watering place have
been embalmed in song and told in story so often that we need not
here descant upon them. — Resources of San Benito County.
• San Juan Township.
The above township, in which is situated the old and once flour
ishing town of San Juan, adjoins Hollister Township on the ^west.
It is delightfully located, and contains beside its beautiful and fer
tile lands, many objects of interest — not the least among which is
the antiquated Mission of San Juan Bautista, with its tile roof.
San Juan Township lies in the northeast part of San Benito
County, and contains an area of about 60,000 acres. The San
Benito river passes through it near its northern boundary from east
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 127
to west, and unites with the Pajaro river at the county line.
There are about 9000 acres of rich bottom and valley land, about
4000 or 5000 acres of rolling land suitable to cultivation; the
balance grazing land — some timber, but small, being used prin
cipally for fuel.
Fine flowing wells of pure water are obtained in the bottom
lands at the depth of 100 feet ; but good water can be had nearer
the surface — say from 15 to 20 feet. The hill lands are well
watered.
The Mission of San Juan Bautista was founded about the year
1775, and the church was built soon afterward, together with the
adjoining buildings.
This place was once occupied as a military station, and was for
tified during the Mexican Revolution in 1822. The location of
the town, is excellent, being situated on the bluff on the southwest
side of the valley. It contains a population of about 500 inhabi
tants .
The nearest depot on the railroad is Sargent's Station, six miles ;
the next nearest is Hollister, nine miles. Stages run daily, carry
ing the mails each way. — Resources of San Benito County.
ERRATUM.
Page 15, after McDowell, read :
Although McDowell was the duly elected Mayor, he never
served as such, the duties of the office being discharged by Mr.
Charles Herron.
G-0 TO
WM. B^R
ALV^RADO ST., MONTEREY,
For your CHOICE GROCERIES!
Clothing, Dry Goods, Hardware, Boots and
Shoes, Crockery, Glassware,
Tobacco., Cigars, "Wines and Liquors.
FANCY ARTICLES,
ALL AT LOWEST PRICE FOR CASH.
Two Sewing Machines for sale. Goods delivered to any part of the City
free of charge.
]STe:w Store !
]STew Goods!
CALL AND SEE
B. MENDESSOLLE'S
NEW STOCK OF
Dry Goods, Groceries, Crockery, Hardware, Wines and
Liquors, etc., etc.
At the cor. Pearl and Alvarado Sts., Monterey.
[128]
Monterey and Salinas Valley
RAILROAD.
Connecting at Salinas City with Southern Pacific
Railroad for
San Francisco, San Jose, Soledad, Paso Robles
Springs, and all Points East, NortJi
and Soulh.
At Monterey, with Gr. N. & P.'s Passenger Steamships
for
Santa Cruz, Sun Simeon, San Luis Obispo, San
ta Barbara, Los Angeles, and all Points
on the Coast South of San Francisco.
The most desirable route to Santa Cruz, Aptos, Pesca-
dero, and Soquel; Point Pinos, Moss Beach, Point Cypress,
Old Carmel Mission, and Pacific Grove Retreat.
No Staging, Four Steamers Weekly between Monterey
and Santa Cruz.
JOHN MARKLEY,
Gen. Ticket Agent.
JOSEPH W. NESBITT,
Superintendent.
iV,
SHOULD GO TO
J. B. SNIVELY'S
CORNER OF PEARL AND ALVARADO STS.
FOR THEIR
GROCERIES AND PROVISIONS,
CIGARS AND TOBACCOS,
CONFECTIONERY, BREAD,
FRESH AND DRIED FRUITS,.
Tho Best Stock of Candles in Town!
LAMP SHADES, ETC.
GLASS AND CROCKERY WARE,
TOTS AND STATIONERY,
Fishing Lines, Poles, Flies and Tackle,
Cutlery,
Abalone Shell Jewelry,
Shell Work, and
Yankee Notions.
Agency of the SAN FRANCISCO CHRONICLE, only 15 cts.
per week, or $6.00 a year, including " Sunday Chronicle."
OFFICE OF WELLS, FARGO & C(TS EXPRESS.
Special low rates on Shipments of Fish, Game, Butter, Poultry, and Farm
Produce delivered in the City.
[2]
CHARLEY'S
RESTAURANT,
Oyster and Ice Cream Saloon,
TYLER STREET, Back of Washington Hotel
Meals at all hours. Ball Suppers and Dinners made a' specialty.
Board $5.00 a week and upwards. Fresh Eastern Oysters and Ice
Cream always on hand. •
PRIVATE ROOMS FOR FAMILIES.
Fresh Bread, Pies and Cakes every day. Three tickets for 25 cts.
R. C. WORNES, (late of Salinas City) Proprietor.
Families supplied with Fresh Eastern Oysters.
Orders by IVIail Promptly Attended to.
LAMBERT &
—DEALERS IX—
ii\}*, lending, Suildjr^
And all kinds of Dressed and Rough Lumber,
Mouldings, Doors, Windows, Lath and Lime, Hair, etc.
ALVARADO STREET, MONTEREY, CAL.
Lumber Furnished &?/ the Cargo.
Having supplied oiirselves with a new improved Shingle Mill, we are prepared to supply
shinglfs at a lower rate than can be done by others.
Lambert Bros. h;ive purchased and thoroughly repaired the Old North Pacific Transporta
tion CO'B Wharf, at Monterey, aad are prepared to do
Wharfage, Storage and Commission Business.
Agents for the opposition Steamer " SAN VICENTE," leaving Pacific Street Wharf, San
Francisco, arriving at Monterey on Friday Evenings.
HL
CARPENTER, CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER,
Cabinet Making, Upholstering and Jobbing promptly executed.
Spring Mattresses Made and Repaired. Coffins made to order.
First Floor, Cuartel Building, California Street.
-A. :e* v -a. ;E* A x> os
F. DOUD, - - PROPRIETOR.
The best Quality, Beef, Mutton, Pork, Ham, Bacon and Lard
Always on hand and for sale at the most reasonable prices.
RAILftOAB EXCHANGE.
The Railroad Exchange Saloon is now open to the public, and the Proprietor
guarantees to furnish his patrons with the best of
Wines, Liquors, Ales, Porters, Sardines and Oysters.
The Exchange shall always be a neat, quiet, orderly retreat to all customers. Call and
judge for yourselves.
ADOLPH SANCHEZ, Alvarado Street, near the Post Office.
IPOST OmOE STORE 1
ALVARADO STREET, FELIPE GOMEZ, PROPRIETOR.
Groceries and Provisions, Candies, Nuts, Cigars, To
bacco, Dried Fruits, Jellies, Sardines, Crackers,
Stationery, Yankee Notions.
Jgjf" Grain and all kinds of Produce taken in exchange for Groceries..
J". IR,.
Resident Physician, and Dealer in Drugs and Medicines,
BOOKS, STATIONERY A^D TOYS,
New York and San Francisco Newspapers Daily.
Store and Office on Alvarado St.
LINFORTH, KELLOGG & CO.
HARDWARE
And Agricultural ImplemQnts.
SOLE ^GKEOXTTS FOR *
PITTS' CHICAGO THRESHER,
MANSFIELD STEAM ENGINES,
WOOD'S EAGLE MOWERS,
RUSSELL'S PEERLESS MOWER and REAPER,
GARDEN CITY PLOWS,
MYER'S EXCELSIOR GANG PLOW,
NAPA GANG PLOW,
FRIEDEMAN HARROW,
FURST & BRADLEY'S SULKY RAKES,
TIFFIN -HORSE RAKES,
GENEVA DO.
Full Supply FORKS, HOES, SHOVELS, RAKES,
AXES, HATCHETS, Etc.
Pumps, Hydraulic Rams, Rubber Hose, Belting, etc.
Church, School, and Farm Bells, Lawn Mowers.
Please send for Illustrated Catalogue and Price List.
3 & 5 Front St., San Francisco.
12 [ 129 ]
HALLET, DAVIS & CO.'S
Celebrated Pianos.
The Leading Instruments of the World !
Endorsed by
LISZT, STRAUSS, LEUTNER AND BENDEL !
GEO. WOOD & CO.'S
PARLOR and YE5TRY ORGAIS.
W. G. BADGER, Sole Agent, Nos. 7 and 13 Sansome St., S. F.
E. E. CURTIS, Agent for Monterey.
Contractor, Carpenter and House Builder
Has opened Shop in
And is prepared to take Contracts for
Building, Moving, Raising and all kinds of
Carpentering.
[130]
THE BEST POLICY
Is to
Insure in the oldest, soundest arid wealthiest Companies.
THE LONDON ASSURANCE CO.
(Established 1720.)
Assets, $14,251,686.41 !
Net Surplus (over all Liabilities) $2,409,000.
INSURANCE CO, OF HARTFORD,
OO3ST3ST.
Cash Assets, - - - #6,046,268.73
. THE PACIFIC MUTUAL
LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA.
W. H. P. WALTON, Agent, Monterey.
(With J. B. Sniveley, cor. Pearl and Alvarado Streets.)
Jti^ Orders promptly filled for Books, in all Lan
guages, at San Francisco Prices.
COPIES OF HIS
Hand Book of Monterey !
Sent free by mail on receipt of 50 cents.
[131]
FLOWERS,
FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.
r>_
FRUIT AND VEGETABLE STORE,
Main Street, Salinas City,
Receives fresh supplies of Fruit and Vegetables from San Jose
daily.
John C. Morrison, Jr.
Importer and Wholesale Dealer in
FINE WINES AND LIQUORS,
316 Sacramento Street,
And 32 L Commercial Street, bet. Front and Battery,
SA.IST
[132]
MANUEL DUTRA'S
MONTEREY SALOON,
PEARL STREET, MONTEREY.
tfCS2* Best Brands Wines, Liquors and Cigars ^^^[
Gk 3S£. "WELLS, HUH. ID.
Monterey City, - Cal.
Graduate of Medical College of Virginia, and Medical College N. Y.
Special attention given to Surgery and Diseases of Women.
DR. LEMON'S DENTAL ROOMS,
Up Stairs, in Ball & Frank's Building, Main Street, SALINAS CITY.
Beautiful gold filling for $1.00 and upward, and warranted for life. Beauti
ful and substantial Sets of Artificial Teeth on any kind of base desired.
Terms moderate. All work freely guaranteed to give satisfaction.
I will be in Salinas from the 1st to the 15th of each month ; after that time
can be found at my Office in Monterey City. Calls by mail promptly attended
to. G. B. LEMON, M. D., Dentist.
Lyon's Ale Depot. Monterey.
Bohemian Club Rendezvous. The Best Liquors and Cigars.
FRENCH RESTAURANT. MEALS AT ALL HOURS
Good Cheer and Good Reception.
IFOIR
Dry Goods, Clothing, Boots and Shoes, Hats and
Caps, and all kinds of Furnishing Goods,
Go to S. MARKS.
He has just received a NEW- STOCK, which he will sell cheap for Cash.
S. MARKS, Alvarado Street , Monterey.
12* [ 133 ]
THE CHOICEST GOODS
FOR THE
LEAST SUM OF MONEY
CAN BE FOUND AT
Schmidt's Cheap Cash. Store,
California Street, Monterey,
(Opposite old Cuartel.)
Remember that EPOSSt H. Schmidt keeps constantly
On hand the Finest Stock of
Groceries, Provisions, Wines, Liquors, Cigars,
Boots, Shoes, Clothing, Hats, Crockeries,
And a Full Line of
Can and Bottle Kitchen Goods, Wooden Ware, Hard
ware, Glass Ware, etc., which he sells
IFOR
[134]
"Washington Hotel,
LOCKWOOD & BRYAN", Proprietors.
This Commodious Three Story Hotel affords Superior
Accommodations to the traveling public, being adapted to the com
fort and convenience of
TOURISTS AND PLEASURE SEEKERS.
The Rooms are Large, Comfortable and Well-Furnished. The
Table is supplied with
THE BEST THE MARKET AFFORDS.
Charges are very Moderate and suited to the
times.
A good Ball Room is connected with the Hotel.
LOCKWOOD & BRYAN.
[135]
THE CASTROVILLE ARGUS :
BY J. MEKRITT.
Office, cor. Merritt and Poole Sts., Castroville,
Monterey Co.
TERMS, in advance : One year, $4.00 ; Six months, $2.00 ; One month, 50c.
Single Copies, lOc.
RATES OF ADVERTISING?
One Square (ten lines or less), $1.50 for the first insertion, and $1.00 for each
Subsequent insertion.
A Liberal deduction made to yearly and regular Advertisers.
COLLECTION OFFICE.
The undersigned would respectfully inform the public that he will
•
Collect Bills of Every Description,
on reasonable terms.
Bills from abroad sent to me will be promptly collected.
Office at the Post Office in Monterey.
Give me a trial.
M. R. MERRITT,
Agent for the Phoenix, and Home Ins. Cos. of Hartford.
[136]
Homesteads for All !
DESIRABLE LOTS
IN THE EAPIDLY GROWING
TOWN OF CASTROVILLE,
For Sale at Moderate Prices !
Possessing varied advantages of beauty of location, convenience to business,
fertility of soil, and all the requisites for a profitable, comfortable and beautiful
Homestead. Size, 50 feet front by 130 feet depth. An alley 40 feet wide runs
through each block. Most excellent water from 10 to 16 feet deep.
Sickness is almost unknown, so healthy is the town.
Being within three miles of the shipping point for much of the country
back of it, and a great part of the traffic unavoidably passing through it,
Castroville commands a large share of trade for up the valley, while in its
immediate vicinity lie the immense Moro Cojo, Bolsa Nueva, Santa Bita and
Escarpines Banchos, containing some 39,000 acres of most excellent agricultu
ral, grazing and wooded lands, which are being rapidly sold off in small farms;
besides the famous Cooper, and other large ranches that are rented.
The advantages above enumerated, and many others, will be apparent to any
who will come and see for themselves.
JUAN B. CASTRO,
Castroville.
[137]
LAND FOR SALE!
2OO Acres of Land
• FOB. SALE,
On the Bolsa Nueva y Moro Cojo Rancho,
Distant 8 miles from Castroville, 8 miles from Salinas City, and 4 miles
from Santa Rita and Natividad.
The Land contains about
Two Thousand Cords of Wood,
Several Springs, and is suitable for Grazing, or the
Growing of Fruit and Vegetables.
For further particulars inquire of
J. D. CASTRO,
CASTROVILLE.
[138]
W. H. WEBB. JAS. A. WALL.
Webb & Wall,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
Salinas City.
Office — Wall's New Building, Front Room,
Second Floor.
W. M. R. Parker,
Conveyancer and Searcher of Records,
Haying had ten years' experience in the Clerk and Recorder's Office in Mon
terey County, is prepared to make
Correct Abstracts of Title,
Of Various Ranches, etc., on reasonable terms.
REVENUE STAMPS KEPT. ON HAND.
[139]
SE3STJD :FO:R
RESOURCES
OF
MONTEREY COUNTY,
GAL IFORNI A,
Including the Great Salinas Valley.
COMPILED BT A. W. BUTLEE.
Published by the Mayor and Common Council of
Salinas City, for FREE DISTRIBUTION.
[140]
M. & S. V. RAILROAD.
TIME TABLE.
Train No. 1.
A. M.
Leave Monterey 8 30
" Bardin's 9 15
" Castro ville Crossing 9 30
Arrive Salinas City 9 45
Train No. 2.
P. M.
Leave Salinas City 3 15
" Castro ville Crossing 3 30
" Bardin's 3 45
Arrive Monterey 4 30
Sunday Excursion Trains.
Train No. 1.
A. M.
Leave Monterey 8 00
" Bardin's 8 45
" Castro ville Crossing 9 00
Arrive Salinas City 9 15
Train No. 2.
A. M.
Leave Salinas City 9 45
*' Castro ville Crossing 10 00
" Bardin's 10 15
Arrive Monterey 11 00
Train No. 3.
P. M.
Leave Monterey 4 00
" Bardin's , 4 45
" Castro ville Crossing 5 00
Arrive Salinas City 5 15
Train No. 4.
P. M.
Leave Salinas City 5 45
' ' Castro ville Crossing 6 00
" Bardin's 6 15
Arrive Monterey 7 00
Through tickets from San Francisco to Monterey and from Monterey to San
Francisco, via the Southern Pacific Railroad, including omnibus transfer
through Salinas City, for sale at S. P. R. R Ticket Office, San Francisco, and
the Company's Office in Monterey.
JOSEPH W. NESBITT,
Superintendent.
13
[141]
Courts.
DISTRICT COURT — Belden, Judge. Terms of Court — Third Mon
day in March, July and November.
COUNTY COURT— Parker, Judge. Terms (five) — First Monday
in March, May, July, September and November.
PROBATE COURT — Parker, Judge. In perpetual session.
Board of Supervisors.
E. St. John, S. B. Gordon, J. Sheehy, E. Breen.
J. B. H. Cooper.
Regular Meetings — First Monday in February, May, August
and November.
County Officers.
Wm. M. R. Parker County Judge.
M. Farley District Attorney.
J. B. Smith Sheriff.
John Mar^l ey County Clerk.
B. T. Nixon Treasurer.
H. N. Mills Recorder.
J. B. Scott Auditor.
M. A. Castro Tax Collector.
R. C. McCroskey School Superintendent.
Dr. H. P. Tuttle, Coroner, and ex-officio Public Admin
istrator.
Newspapers.
1 Salinas City—" Index," " Democrat,''' " Town Talk."
Monterey — " Weekly Herald."
Castroville — " Argus."
[142]
DEPOT OF THE
NEW YORK BREWERY BEER
At the Old Brewery, California Street, Monterey.
Saloons and Families supplied in quantities to suit. The Bar is well stocked
with the choicest Brands of "Wines and Liquors.
GMGJLING.
CHRIS- O--A-DVCBEPI.,
BOOT
PEARL STREET, MONTEREY.
Boots and Shoes manufactured to order and a fit guaranteed. Particular
attention given to REPAIRING.
Lagoni & Paulson, Proprietors, Alvarado Street, Monterey,
The above house having lately changed hands, has been refitted and fixed up
for the reception of guests. The hotel is conveniently situated on the main
thoroughfare, and the reduced rates and improvements inaugurated by the new
management commend it to the traveling public. Good Wines, Liquors and
Cigars at the Bar. LAGONI & PAULSON.
Dealer in Stoves, Pumps, Pipes, and all kinds of Tinware,
ETC.
Particular attention paid to Tin Roofing and Job "Work. Give me a call.
and see for yourselves.
Pearl Street, near Wise & Harris's Saloon, Monterey.
SADDLE AND HARNESS MAKER,
PEARL STREET.
Repairs neatly and expeditiously done. Saddle Trees, Whips, Collars, Bits,
Punches, etc., always on hand.
[143]
A.. ROM^N & CO.
Publishers, Importers, Booksellers anil Stationers,
WHOLESALE AND KETAIL.
NO. 11 MONTGOMERY STREET,
LICK HOUSE BLOCK, SAN FRANCISCO.
JOHN G. HODGE & CO.
Importers and Wholesale Stationers,
327, 329 and 331 Sansome St., cor. Sacramento,
New York Office, 59 John St. SAN FRANCISCO.
Daniel Bigley. Geo. Bigley.
BIG-LEY BROTHERS,
Dealers in Groceries, Provisions, Etc.
N. E, Corner Clay and Davis Streets, San Francisco.
E. P. Fellows & Co. -
Importers & Dealers in Druggists' Glassware & Sundries,
318 CLAY STREET, BELOW BATTERY,
P. O. Box, 1792. SAN FRANCISCO.
Agents for Fritzche, Scliimmel & Co's (Leipzig) Essential Oils and Flavoring Extracts.
Theo. Bagge. Joseph Brook. Chas. Jas. King.
C. JAS. KING OF WM. & CO.
of Hermetically Sealed (
N. W. COR. BROADWAY AND SANSOME STREETS,
SAN FRANCISCO.
[144]
L. B. A.TJSTHST,
ALVARADO STREET, MONTEREY, Next to the Express Office,
CIGARS, TOBACCO, ETC.
Candies , Nuts, Etc., Stationery, BlanJe EooJcs, Show-Case Goods, Veg
etables and Fruits.
TASSAJARA SPRINGS now Open to VISITORS
The undersigned gives notice that the Tassajara Springs are now open for Visitors.
These Springs were noted centuries ago among the old aborigines for the Medicinal Virtues
of the waters, and the pale faces are now adding their praises to that of the red man to the
Great Spirit for the gift. Parties ^isiting the Springs can be furnished with meals, or, if
camping, with provisions. Also, parties wishing to be taken to or from the Springs can be
accommodated. Apply to J. B. BORDEN.
HE.
Keeps a First-Class Stock of
Groceries arid Provisions, Wines, Liquors, Tobaccos,
Fruits, Candies, Glass and Crockery Ware.
The W. 17. Telegraph Office. Hides, Game and Farm, Produce Shipped.
ALVARADO STREET.
Ornamental Trees at the Cypress Nursery.
Cypress Trees, Australian Gums, and Pine Trees in large quan
tities at Low Rates.
\
All orders promptly attended to by PAUL ROMIE, Monterey.
Sriri T f""** T> .A. ' L<" TTi ~C
JL JL C_J i~* ^CTL. _kS. Jzj ±:
MRS. BRADWICK,
Fresh American Bread, Cakes, Pies and Confectionery,
WASHING-TON STREET, NEXT TO THE HOTEL.
13* [ 145 ]
THE CONSOLIDATED TOBACCO COMPANY
OIF
PLANTATION AT SAN FELIPE. FACTORIES AT GILROY,
MANUFACTURE
CIGARS ^TOBACCOS
Of California Grown Leaf;
Cured by the Gulp Process, and Guarantee them SUPERIOR
to anything Manufactured in the United States,
OF AMERICAN GROWN TOBACCOS.
Office and Salesroom, 207 Front St., San Francisco.
EDGAR BRIGGS, Agent.
[146]
SHADES SALOON.
MAIN STREET,
Near its Junction with Alvarado Street, MONTEREY, CAL.
Choice Liquors, Wines, Cigars, etc.
The Saloon is supplied with everything necessary to the comfort of visitors.
{^"Connected with the Saloon is a commodious
FEED AND BOARDING STABLE,
Where parties from a distance can be sure to have their horses properly attefl<
to. JgipHorses taken in charge for training.
R. MOREY, Proprietor.
THE NEW
CITY HA.LL
Traveling Troupes desirous of performing in Monterey
• will find this Hall
Commodious, Convenient and Cheap.
For terms address the Secretary,
CITY HALL CO., Monterey, Cal.
[147]
- IF. BA.SSETT <3z OCX
Produce Commission Merchants,
No. 219 Washington Street, San Francisco.
BRITTAN, HOLBROOK & CO.
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
77/7 /Yflfes, S/000S, Sheet Iron, Copper, Iron and Copper Wire
And General House Furnishing Hardware,
Nos. Ill and 113 California and 17 and 19 Davis St., San Francisco.
JA.COB STIFIAJEIILE <3z CO-
CALIFOBNIA STANDARD BILLIARD TABLES
Sole Agents for Delaney's Patent Steel Wire Cushion, the best in use,
A Large Stock of Billiard Goods, Ten Pins and Balls,
533 MARKET STREET, .......................... SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
I. Lohman. T. B. Coghill. James 0. Rountree,
Late of Rountree & McMullen.
LOHMAN, COGHILL & ROUNTREE,
Importers, Wholesale Grocers and Commission Merchants,
313 and 315 Front Street, cor. Commercial, San Francisco.
ST. GLAIR ROBERTS,
House, Sign and Carriage Painter,
Graining, Gilding, Marbling, and Paper Hanging.
Charges Moderate. HOUSTON STREET.
[148]
George C. Harris. E. H. Wise.
BII^LIA.E,ID S .A. HL, O O IsT3
By HARRIS «fc WISE.
Only the Finest Brands of Liquors and Cigars Kept on Hand.
TWO GOOD BILLIARD TABLES. DAILY JOURNALS.
CORNER PEARL AND TYLER STREETS.
J. E. McClure, J. P. McClure,
WATCHMAKER AND JEWELER. MACHINIST AND GUNSMITH.
McCI/CTRE BROTHERS,
Jewelry, Watches and Clocks, Tools, Etc., Light
Hardware, Etc.
WASHING-TON STREET.
CEO. OLIVER,
Builder and Contractor, and General Carpentering
attended to.
Monterey Shell Work Always on Hand. VAN BUREN STREET.
P. Corby. F. Folsom.
CORBY & FOLSOM,
MASONS AND PLASTERERS,
LARKIN AND FRANKLIN STREETS.
CITY MARKET.
IF.A.T T E 1ST ID E DEI 3UE E .A. T S 1
T. WATSON,
IPE-A-IEim, STREET.
Prices Low. Meats warranted the best that can be procured.
[149]
Averill Chemical Paint,
Manufactured by the
California Chemical Paint Company.
This Paint is prepared in liquid form READY FOR
APPLICATION, requiring no Thinner or Dryer, and
will not spoil by standing any length of time.
PURE WHITE, OR ANY SHADE OR COLOR
DESIRED.
It is CHEAPER, more ELASTIC, and produces a more BEAU-
TIFUL FINISH than the best of any other Paint.
It will not FADE, CHALK, CRACK or PEEL OFF, and
will last twice as long as any other Paint.
Put up in ^, J, i, 2, and 5 Gallon Packages, and in Barrels.
Sold by the Gallon, and not by the Pound.
Send for Sample Card of Colors, and Price List, before ordering
any other.
Office and Depot, 117 Pine Street, San Francisco.
[150]
^^
Astonishment
has often been expressed
at the low rates charged by
(// BACON & COMPANY for the beautiful
1 nnting executed at their office; but
this is no longer a matter of surprise to
those who visit the office, where the fast
est machines and best appliances are in
the hands of skilled and active workmen.
Promptness of delivery is a prominent
characteristic in our business. Orders
from the interior filled at city prices.
Paper Ruling Blank Backs
'^fndinf { 1 nmnufacTd
j£S8toS ^ ** to order-
Cor. Clay and Sansome
Streets,
San Francisco.
STOVES and RANGES
A Large Variety of Cooking, Parlor, Box and Office
STOVES!
Over 100 different Kinds and Styles
to select from, including the Old Favorites
Diamond Rock and
Chief Cook,
Eureka, Mariposa
and Bismark
} STOVES.
} RANGES.
LOCKE & MONTAGUE,
112 and 114 BATTERY ST.
San Francisco.
MANUFACTURERS OF THE IMPROVED FRENCH RANGES.
[152]
DR. ABORN,
THE WELL-KNOWN SUCCESSFUL SPECIALIST,
Until he retires from active practice in a short time, will receive a limited number of
patients daily, from 10:30 A. M. to 3 P. M., and from 6 to 7:30 P. M.
CONSUMPTION,
ASTHMA, BRONCHITIS, OZENA AND CATARRH,
A. F IS" E S S ,.s=^
AND ALL DISEASES OF THE EYE AND EAR,
And Obstinate Chronic Diseases generally, embracing also
Heart, Liver, Stomach. Nervous Diseases & Broken-Down Constitutions
Are the class of maladies which are successfully treated by DR. ABORN,
OOIRHXTEIR OF FOST AUXTID KE-AJEJJNTY STIRJBEXS,
After the ordinary methods have failed.
RETIREMENT FROM ACTIVE PRACTICE.
DR. ABORN will retire in the course of a few months from active practice for a while.
MUTUALLY DESIRABLE.
It would be more agreeable to the Doctor if persons who desire to consult him would
satisfy themselves as to his skill and successful mode of treatment before calling. This
would tend to remove misapprehension and all necessity for explanations.
SEVERAL HUNDREDS
Of Testimonials from well-known citizens have been published in behalf of the suffering;
also, a list of References, embracing some of our most prominent residents, whose names
have been given so that the most skeptical may with all others have every opportunity of
satisfying themselves that the peculiarly successful scientific method of treatment adopted
by DR. ABORN is everything that it is represented to be. Evidences have accumulated in
proof of this, grateful testimonials of remarkable cures being daily received by him. Many
of these are contained in the pamphlets and papers published by him for gratuitous
circulation.
From San Francisco,
By Southern Pacific Railroad to Salinas City. De-
I pot, corner Fourth and Townsend Streets. Train
| leaves at 8.30 A.M.
From Salinas City to Monterey, by M. & S. V. R. R.
Train leaves Salinas at 3.15 P.M., on week days, and
| 9.45 A.M. and 5.45 P.M.", on Sundays.
OIR,
By Steamers leaving Washington Street Wharf every
Tuesday and Saturday.
From L,o$ Anyeles, San Dteyo, and other Points
South.
By Goodall, Nelson & Perkins' Steamers, sailing as
advertised.
OJR,,
By Coast Line of Stages to Soledad ; thence by S. P.
R. R. to Salinas City; thence by M. & S. V. R. R. to
Monterey.
Through Tickets for sale at S. P. R. R. Depot, cor. Fourth
and Townsend ; and at Office of G. N. & P. S. S. Co., 238 Montgom
ery Street, San Francisco.
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11