The Heart of Pekin: Bishop A. Favier's Diary of the Siege, May-August, 1900

Google

This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project

to make the world's books discoverable online.

It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject

to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books

are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover.

Marks, notations and other maiginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book's long journey from the

publisher to a library and finally to you.

Usage guidelines

Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the
public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing tliis resource, we liave taken steps to
prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying.
We also ask that you:

+ Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for
personal, non-commercial purposes.

+ Refrain fivm automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google's system: If you are conducting research on machine
translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the
use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help.

+ Maintain attributionTht GoogXt "watermark" you see on each file is essential for in forming people about this project and helping them find
additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it.

+ Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just
because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other
countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can't offer guidance on whether any specific use of
any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book's appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner
anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liabili^ can be quite severe.

About Google Book Search

Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers
discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web

at |http: //books .google .com/I

HARVARD
COLLEGE
LIBRARY

Preservation facsimile

printed on alkaline/buffered paper

and bound by

Acme Bookbinding

Charlestown, Massachusetts

2003

©atbarlr CoUtse librarg

Bought with

Money received fron

Library Klnes.

e^ (5"(3- G

Mf^^^^^^^^^^y

ffllil

Irll May -AIjS^s^ -1900

i

Mat-Tf^i- A Company, UririTt^d
PUbTTshei-S, Boston, U.S.*\.

THE HEART OF PEKIN

BISHOP A. EAVIER'S
DIARY OF THE SIEGE
MAY-AUGUST, i 900

EDITED BY

REV.^L FRERI, D.C.L.

Assistant General Director of the Association for
THE Propagation of the Faith

*

BOSTON

MARLIER & COMPANY, Limited

I9OX

Cln )50.fD

fmptfmatttc

* JOANNES JOSEPHUS

Archibp. Bostonxbnsis

Copyright, 1901
By Rbv. Jos. Frbri

THE HEART OF PEKIN.

A CATHOLIC BISHOP'S DIARY OF THE SIEGE.

MAY- AUGUST, 1900.

PART FIRST.

The Chinese Missions.

By Tray of introduction to the following pages, it
may not be out of place to present a few general
statistics of the Catholic Chinese Missions.

There are at presenfc some ten Catholic Missionary
societies engaged in the propagation of the faith in
China. Among these may be mentioned the Society
of the Foreign Missions of Paris, the Franciscans,
the Dominicans, the Jesuits, the Lazarists, the So-
ciety of the Foreign Missions of Milan, the Society
of Mary Immaculate, the Little Brothers of Mary,
the Sisters of Charity, etc. A few years ago the
Trappists founded a monastery near .Pekin, where
their laborious and pure lives are in striking con-
trast with the laziness and dissolute conduct of the
Bonzes.

2 TRE HEART OF PEKIN.

The total number of Vicariates is 40 ; ther^ are 40
bishops, about 800 European missionaries, 500 native
priests ; and the number of native Catholics through-
out the whole of China proper is estimated at
700,000.

The Vicariate of Pekin, the mission of special inter-
est to us, dates back to 1288, when it was intrusted
to the sons of St. Francis. About 1682 it was taken
charge of by the Fathers of the Society of Jesus,
when the renowned Father Matteo Ricci and his com-
panions made Pekin their headquarters. In 1784,
on the suppression of the Society of Jesus, Pope
Clement XIV. at the request of Louis XVI. of France
confided the Vicariate to the Fathers of the Congre-
gation of the Mission, more popularly known as the
Lazarists or Vincentians. They have continued to
serve the Vicariate ever since.

According to the last report issued by Bishop
Favier, CM., Vicar Apostolip of Pekin, at the end
of 1899 there were 31 churches, 577 stations,
46,900 Catholics, 2,322 baptisms of adults during the
year, and 6,506 catechumens. The missionary staff
comprised about 28 European missionaries and 30
native priests ; a Trappist monastery with 6 priests,
• 18 choir religious, and 33 brothers ; a community of
Marist brothers, with 18 members, and also commum-
ties of Sisters of Charity and Sisters of St. Joseph.

In the London " Tablet '' of Aug. 11, 1900, appeared
a graphic description of the mission of Pekin, from
which the following is taken :

THE CHINESE IHSSIONS. o

" M. Marcel Monnier, in his delightful book *Le
Tour d'Asie, L'Empire du Milieu/ writes as follows
of the Lazarist missions at Pekin ; —

"'At the missions the welcome was indeed a cordial
one. The road thither is easily found. Hours pass
swiftly by in conversing with the men who for so
many years have passed their whole lives in the midst
of these strange Chinese races ; men who have adopted
their language, their habits and customs, who have
studied their literature, their art and their annals,

•

and who possess the gift, so rai*e and scarce, of evok-
ing in their conversation, by a few ornate and vividly
descriptive touches, men and matters of the present
and the past ; men with minds alert, not given, how-
ever, to the fostering of illusions, convinced that
they are laboring on ungrateful soil ; still tenacious,
possessed of a joyous ardor, wholly happy in the
enormous difficulties of their self-imposed tasks.

" ' It would be a mistake to look upon these mis-
sions simply from the one point of view of religious
propagandism. Their activity. is manifest in many
different ways. Their missions in Pekin are far
removed one from the other, situate at the four cardi-
nal points, as their names indicate : Pei-tang, Nan-
tang, Ton-t^,ng, and Si-tang, — ^the Church of the
North, of the South, of the East, of the West. Around
these churches are grouped not only the residences
of the Fathers, the seminaries and the novitiates, but
also the schools, the workshops, where the young
people are taught wood and metal work. Then there

4 THE HEABT OF PEKIN.

is the printing-office^ where the young native com-
positors are equally skilled in the setting ap of the
Chinese and Latin characters.

The Hospital and Dispensabt.

"'Near the Chnrch of the East, Ton-tang, is the
hospital where the Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent
de Paul, assisted by the medical staff of the French
Legation, are ever assiduous in their care aud nursing
of the most repulsively afflicted patients. This suf-
fering class of humanity exhibit afflictions, sores, and
complaints and suchlike pathological phenomena sel-
dom to be met with in European clinical institutions.
This institution is the only one of its kind in all
Pekin. Needless to say it is ever crowded. On
certain days there are to be seen hundreds of stricken
patients awaiting the arrival of the doctor. Those
who are unable to find room in the hospital make
their way to the dispensary. There their ailments
are seen to, wounds washed, and a large bowl of rice
given to each. In the neighborhood of this mission —
the most ancient Catholic settlement extant in Pekin,
one founded by the Portuguese Jesuits over two
hundred years ago — there is a never-ceasing influx
and exodus of spectral figures, disease-stricken and
fever-marked sufferers.

" < The headquarters of the mission is the Pei-tang,
— Church of the North. It is situated in the yellow
quarter of the city, close to the Imperial Palace.
There are two small pavilions flanking the entrance

THE CHINESE MISSIONS. 5

surmounted by a dragon; affixed to the wall are
marble slabs on which are inscribed the Imperial
Ordinances, setting forth the terms upon which the
concession of the land was made to France some one
hundred . years ago. But a few years back the Em-
peror, wishing to enlarge the grounds of his palace,
took the site previously held by the Fathers, and gave
them the present site in exchange, and built the
present cathedral, episcopal residence, and all the
many dependencies at his own expense, — a cost esti-
mated at over $150,000. A huge tablet suspended
over the facade of the Cathedral records this f acti
Pei-tang is the residence of the Vicar-Apostolic, a
man whose name is widely known, who is much be-
loved by all those whose privilege it has been to
know and meet him, Bishop C. M. Favier.

The School op the Mabist Brothers.

" 'A mile or so outside the walls, near to the old
French cemetery, in the village of Cha-la-eul, is the
wonderful school established and directed by the
Marist Brothers. There are about one hundred native
students attending the classes. This institution
enjoys a deservedly high reputation. Many of the
youngsters who have made their studies in this
school are now holding good posts in the Civil Ser-
vice and Custom House offices. One of the recent
members of the Chinese Embassy at Paris, the Min-
ister Tsing, was a student of Cha-la-eiil.^ "

6

THE HEART OF PEKIN.

n.

MUTTERINGS OF THE COMING StORM.

During the early part of the year, Bishop Favier
had gone to Europe in the interest of his mission.
Hearing that signs of the approaching storm had l)een
seen, he returned at once, and on May 18, 1900,
wrote from Pekin the following letter ^ : —

Pekin, May 18th, 1900.

My stay in Europe was very short indeed; but no
amount of kindness could have kept me away from
my vicariate longer, and I am thankful now that I
have returned. I felt, by intuition, that grave events
were, about to happen and that a storm was brewing.
In case of a cyclone, a commander must be at his
post, even if it means to be tied to the mast.

To understand the insurrectional and anti-Christian
movement that has gained ground so rapidly, we
must investigate the causes. Permit me a few prelim-
inary explanations.

Seeing that the emperor, Kuang Hsu, could have no
heir, and that, moreover, he was plotting to deprive

^ From the ** Annals of the Propagation of the Faith/' 'September,
October, 1900.

MUTTERINGS OF THE COMING STOBM, 7

her of the regency, the Empress nominated a new
emperor, or rather an heir presumptive. This future
sovereign of China, twelve to fourteen yeaxs of age,
is a grandson of Prince Tuan, the fifth brother of
Emperor Shien Fong, who died in 1860.

The son of the Prince Tuan mentioned, who has
the same name and is ^he father of the new emperor,
is filled with hatred against Europeans and their
religion. His animosity is easily accounted for.
Prince Kong, the sixth prince who has assumed the
regency since 1860, and his younger brother, the
seventh prince who succeeded him as father of
the Emperor, Kuang Hsu, were both younger brothers
of Prince Tuan, who by right should have governed
since 1860. Besides, when there was question of
choosing a successor to the Emperor, Tung-Che, who
died without issue, the son of the seventh prince
instead of the son of Prince Tuan was unlawfully
selected. These two acts of injustice so incensed the
latter that he retired to Moukden with his family.
The. choice of the new heir presumptive has given
Prince Tuan great influence with the Empress. He
has returned with his old hatred against Europeans,
treaties, and all that has happened since 1860 ; and,
besides, in complete ignorance of European affairs,
the progress accomplished and concessions granted.
In fact, he is still imbued with all the old ideas of
forty years ago. The old party and all persons of
note who have preserved the feeling of hatred against
Europe and the Christian religion have rallied around

8 THE HEART OF PEKIN.

Prince Tuan. The result is two decided parties:
that of the prince, and that of the princes and man-
darins who have been in power since 1860; these
have accepted progress, and issued the protective laws
and decrees for religion, culminating in that of March
16, 1899, which the Empress herself brought about
and signed, and which has not been revoked, though
the old partjr has since come into power.

Numerous sects imder the names of Boxers^ Large
Knives, etc., whose insurrection originated in Shan-
tung, have for the past seven or eight months spread
throughout Chi-li, directing their movements toward
Pekin.

The Boxers are* a truly diabolical sect ; invocations,
incantations, obsession, and even possession, are com-
mon imong them. Savants may attribute their ex-
traordinary doings to magnetism or hypnotism, or
may look upon them as victims of hysteria and fanat-
icism ; but to us they seem to be even more directly
instruments of the devil.

The hatred of the name Christian drives them to
the greatest excesses. Established, as they aife, in
every village, they unite on a day specified to attack
any one Christian settlement. On Saturday, May
12, they burned the village of Kao-lo, and massacred
more than 70 persons; several other villages were
burned immediately afterwards. The Christians took
flight, leaving all their worldly possessions behind
them. The city of Pekin itself is not safe. Boxers
are there in great numbers, and everywhere placards

MUTTEEINGS OF THE COMING STORM. 9

are posted announcing the burning of cliurclies and
the destruction of Europeans. The movement seems
to be approved by those high in authority, and con-
verges from all quarters toward Pekin. The stand-
ards of the rebels bear such inscriptions as : " Protect
the dynasty and destroy Europeans ; " By " order of
the Emperor, let us destroy all Europeans." Danger,
therefore, is imminent.

We have taken all the precautions dictated by
prudence. I have written letters to all the upper
mandarins. At my request, troops have been sent to
a number of Christian settlements ; but they are
nearly all inadequate and some are ill-disposed.
Nevertheless) I believe there would be greater evil
done without them.

In our pressing necessity, I have ordered public
prayers for peace, which God alone can granjb. Be-
sides, I have written an official letter to the foreign
minister, who has convoked the diplomatic corps. It
has been unanimously decided to force the Chinese
government to prompt action under the penalty of
calling in foreign troops. Despite the danger, all are
ready at their posts. The conduct of the Christians
is admirable ; apostasy is proposed to them, but they
prefer flight, ruin, even death. Several catechumens
have received the baptism of blood.

Ma^ 28th, This letter, commenced. ten days since,
has been interrupted by ten days of Sorrow. Every
hour brings fresh news of misfortune.^ The massacre
in Kao-lo was horrible ; the victims numbered more

10 THE HJEART OF PEKIN.

than eighty. Small children were quartered, women
were burned in church or run through with a sword,
men were stabbed or shot ; it is rumored that some
were crucified. Twenty persons escaped because they
were absent at the time of the massacre. A young
man, eighteen years of age, was thrown into a well
where he remained forty-eight hours ; when . the
assassins left, he made his escape and has just arrived
among us. In another village, two Christians were
cut into pieces. In a third, several were massacred.
Thirty villages at least have been abandoned by the
Christians; six have been burned to the ground,
together with their churches. The poor Chinese, who
are pursued, take refuge in the mountains or in the
largest cities. We are giving shelter to more than
2,000. The last few days, in particular, have been a
terriWe experience.

The Boxers united in arms. May 26, to attack
Cha-la, at the very gates of Pekin. Only a miracle
saved the place that night. We had, fortunately,
taken the precaution of bringing the Sisters of Char-
ity into the city. The next day, the terrible and,
unfortunately, true news, was , circulated that the
Boxers, with unheard-of audacity, had burned the
Hankau-Pekin railroad for about ninety-five miles,
as far as the terminus station, near the capital. All
was destroyed, — material, stations, stores ; we do not
yet know whether all the foreigners along the road
were saved or not.

The same eveiiing our large establishment of

MUTTERINGS OF THE COMING STORM. H

Pei-tang was to have been burned. The announcement
had been proclaimed and posted for several days,
and I consider our escape miraculous. The different
foreign ministers have met in consultation, and have
decided to call in special detachments. If they do
not arrive within eight days, the fault will surely not
be theirs.

Chinese troops have taken possession of the rail-
way, and have reestablished communication with
Tientsin, interrupted for forty-eight hours.

A most insufficient imperial decree was published
this morning, but that protects neither religious
establishments nor the Legations in Pekin from a
coup de main. The Christian settlements in the
province are in the greatest dknger. Every minute
may bring us the news of a fresh catastrophe. We
must hope, nevertheless ; we are in the hands of God,
and not a hair of our heads shall fall without His
permission.

Such is our position to-day, May 30. I hope that
I shall be able to write better news in a few days.
But the revolution against foreigners and the perse-
cution against Christians seem so well organized that
we may expect anything. Perhaps our prayers and
those of* our poor Christians will appease the anger
of God.

12 THJB HBART OF PEKIK.

111.

After the Clouds had Broken.

From the date inentioned (May 30), with tne ex-
ception of one brief dispatch, telling of the brutal
murders of some religious, no vord was received from
Catholic sources at Pekin, until the following Sep-
tember. Then, when regular communication with
Europe was once again established, among the most
important and interesting documents received was
the journal of the Right Reverend A. Favier, CM.,
Vicar Apostolic of Pekin, with its accompanying
letter.

Tientsin, Septernher, 1900.

The conduct of our Christians has been admirable ;
all devoted themselves to most fervent prayer with-
out fearing for their lives. The couriers sent to the
Legations were in danger of death ; several never re-
turned. On the 10th of August, one of them again
sacrificed himself to inform the minister of our
being in the last extremity of need. Poor young
man I he was flayed, and the Boxers exposed his
skin and head within a few yards of our own walls.

It was a sad sight to behold Christian women

AFTER THE CLOUDS HAD BROKEN, 13

depriving themselves of their own meager allowance
of food to nourish their infants ; for a long time they
had had no breast-milk; with small pieces of tin
that served as spoons, thejr introduced the weak
gruel into the mouths of their poor children. Our
number was increased during these two months by
thirty new born babes.

One morning, before Holy Mass, one of these brave
Christian women, who had been confined during the
night, threw herself at my feet, with the words, —

" Bishop, Bishop, let me have some millet, that I
may have a little milk."

I was .obliged to refuse her with tears in my eyes ;
there was nothing more to give.

We were obliged to cook the leaves of trees, ancl
roots of dahlias and cannais, stems and the bulbs of
lilies; these, stewed together, increased the small
pittance of food allowed to each.

At night all occupied the one place, trying to pro-
tect themselves against bullets, and, especially, mines.
Two or three hundred children were crying for hun-
ger; the intense heat kept me from sleeping, and I
felt as though I were listening to the bleating of a
flock of little lambs destined for sacrifice. These
cries, however, grew weaker day by day, for we
buried one hundred and seventy of these innocents.

Misery, hunger, sickness, and bullets have more
than decimated the Christian population ; the number
of dead buried in our garden exceeds four hundred.
All died good Christians, saying, "We die for our

14 THE HEART OF PEKIN.

religion, killed out of hatred for the faith ; the good
God will give us Paradise."

Our Sisters of Charity have behaved admirably;
more tried than we ourselves were, perhaps, they
deprived themselves of everything for their children.
Excepting one or two whose nervous debility excused
their apprehensions, all manifested truly manly cour-
age. The frightful shock of the last mine was the
final blow to the venerable superioress. Sister Jaurias,
who was seventy-eight years of age, and sick ; she
died a happy death, for God did not call her until
after the deliverance.

How shall I speak of the missionaries ? My
coadjutor was everywhere, watched over everything,
encouraging, consoling, and supporting everyone,
crossing the most dangerous places constantly with-
out heeding shot or ball. The director of the semi-
nary with his yoimg men watched night and day on
the roof of the church, on the barricades, and in the
trenches. The seminarians with one of our young
colleagues still not in Oi-ders promptly filled the
places of our dead or wounded soldiers, and used
their guns like trained men ; several were struck by
balls, but, thanks be to God ! none was killed.

Our procurator continued to fulfill his duties with
astonishing calmness, attending to everything, and
though in delicate health, suffered privations with
uncommon fortitude. Our native missionaries multi-
plied themselves to establish a little order in the
house ; they directed the workers, watched over the

AFTER THE CLOUDS HAD BROKEN. 16

distribution of food, preserved peace, and administered
the last consolations to the dying. Only myself did
nothing worthy of mention. In constant retirement
in my room, I prayed to God, to the Blessed Virgin,
to the holy angels, and to all our patron saints. I
tried to preserve in myself, and to impart to others,
the spirit of resignation, patience, and calm so neces-
sary in times like these.

I do not think that I exaggerate in estimating the
number of victims in the Vicariate of Pekin alone
to be 20,000 at least; 20,000 victims, dead, burned,
cut to pieces, or thrown into the rivers, without
making the slightest idolatrous prostration that
would havcispared their lives. I do not believe that
two out of a hundred have saved themselves by a
single superstitious act where the heaii; was not
involved. Not one of our missionaries left his post,
though the mandarins offered to conduct them under
escort to a place of safety ; not one forsook his
Christians. At the present hour, notwithstanding
the arrival of troops, more than twenty-five are be-
sieged in their residences. May God protect them !

In Pekin, three churches, seven large chapels, the
colleges, hospitals, and establishments of the Sisters
of St. Joseph (native) — all are destroyed. The
cemeteries in which missionaries have been buried,
from Matthew Ricci to Bishop Sarthon (three cen-
turies), have been robbed, monuments overthrown,
bones, yea, even the coffins, reduced to ashes and cast
to the winds. The Pei-tang (northern cathedral),

Id TBS HEART OF PEKIK.

damaged by shells^ is the only building iindestrojed.
Fathers Addosio, GkirrigueSy Dor^^ and Chavanne
were killed in Fekin^ and several Chinese priests
in the mission likewise lost their lives.

The Vicariate possessed one hundred and seventy-
seven Christian settlements^ of which nearly all had
their chapels; hardly one-fourth have been spared:
the houses of Christians have been pillaged and
burned. I know but one in Pekin that has been left
standing.

In short, the ruin is almost entire^ the work of
forty years is nearly annihilated ; the courage of mis-
sionaries^ nevertheless^ is not on the wane ; we shall
begin over again , assured of success in the end^ for
^Hhe blood of martyrs is the seed of Christians;"
unless Ood design to punish unhappy China^ that has
abused His grace for centuries. Let us hope that He
will grant pardon, so many persons, even among the
mandarins, are innocent of the atrocities committed.
We love, and will ever love, our poor people of China ;
pray for them and for us. " Oratias agamos Domino
Deo nostro I "

PART SECOND.

Through the Valley op the Shadow of Death,
Day by Day. May-Juke.

The last news which I was able to foi*ward from
Pekin was dated May 30. Permit me to give you
a short account of the terrible siege which we have
sustained in the Pei-tang lintil the day of deliverance
granted by God.

Wednesday/, May SOth. — To-day we received proof
that the Boxers are assisted by the Chinese govern-
ment and regular tx*oops. These last themselves
set fire to the railway buildings. The Tsung-li-ya-
min tried to delay troops ; but the foreign ministers
held out, replying that they would come on foot if
the railroad were not left open to them. From nine
till eleven o'clock in the evening, several small red
balloons, sent off by the Boxers, floated over the
city ; they were signals for assembling ; the Chinese
soldiers had possessed themselves of a supply of car-
tridges.

Thursday, May 31st — My vicar-general. Father
Guilloux, whom I called to Pekin, left for Tientsin

17

18 TBM HXAET OF PMMUf.

with Fadier C^j. Wm ther he Me to leadi tiieir
dessxnatian ? We aje sme of lindiing ; tbcj saj the
route is intercepfted hy soIdienL A tekgnm from
Father DanKmt was receiTed at ten oVlock; sercn
other Giristian Tillages burned ! At half-pist twelxe
I receired a letter frcHn the French minister; himself
saA the Bassian Tfiinister were called upon to exert
an unusual d^ree of energy in order that the French
and Bnssian marines who landed in Taku the erening
before might reach Pekin by rail At half-past three
a mandarin from our friends came to see ns ; he told
OS that the Empress could not resist the anti-Enro-
pean movement. The good mandarins have been dis-
charged from office, or have resigned. SeTenty-five
French, 75 Bussians, 75 Engli^ 40 Italians, 22
Japanese, and 60 Americans left Tientsin for Pekin
at half -past three; they are expected this eyening.

Friday J June 1st. — Befugees from all quarters are
arriying ; our missions of Pa-tchoo are nearly totally
destroyed. The brave Father Lon Gr^oire was the
last to remain in his residence, and escaped from the
Boxers by flight. Sisters of St Joseph, Children of
the Holy Childhood, have been massacred. The
French minister came to see us at half-past nine
o'clock, and told us of the coming of thirty marines,
who, in fact, arrived at the Pei-tang at ten o'clock,
accompanied by nearly all the French in Pekin.
The Tsung-li-yamen had specified that the troops
were destined to guard only the legations ! But M.
Pichon himself brought us nearly the half of his

THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH. 19

detachment ; may lie be assured of our lasti^ig grati-
tude ! At midnight Father Guilloux telegraphed to
us that refugees from Partchoo were arriving in large
niunbers in Tientsin, and that the river was filled
with floating bodies of massacred Christians.

Saturday, June 2d, — We are placing posts every-
where ; the ensign of the vessel, Mr. Paul Henry, a
young man twenty-three years old, who is in com-
mand of the marines, is as pious as he is brave — a
true Breton. The news from Tientsin is bad: the
grants themselves are exposed. The engineers have
left the city of Pao-ting-fou, and the mandarins
would like to get our European colleagues to leave
likewise. They are refusing, declaring that they
must remain among their Christians until the end.
May God protect them!

Sunday, Pentecost, June Sd, — The Sovereign Pon-
tiff having delegated me to present a letter and a gift
to the Empress in his name, I proceeded to fulfill this
mission of confidence. His majesty not being in the
city, he appointed Prince Ts'ing to receive me in his
name ; which event took place to-day, at two o'clock,
in his own palace. This prince was sui-rounded by
high mandarins. Letter and presents were delivered
with full imperial ceremonial, and were accepted with
the greatest marks of respect and appreciation. I
had, besides, drawn up a petition for the Empress, in
which I explained the actual position. I asked pro-
tection for our Christians, and the punishment of
the Boxers. The prince consented to take charge of

20 THE HEART OF PEKIN,

»•

it, and I know that the next day it was delivered to
His Majesty.

Monday, June Jfth, — The Pei-tang, examined by
our commander, seemed impossible to defend with
thirty men. There are, in fact, nearly foni-teen hun-
dred yards of wall ! It has been decided that in case
of too violent an attack, all are to unite in the church,
and the plan of defense is being prepared. We are,
besides 70 Europeans, including Sisters and Brothers,
about 1,000 male Chinese and nearly 2,200 women and
children. At one o'clock we received a visit from
several gentlemen of the Legation who told us that
the fifteen soldiers already sent to Nan-tan were
obliged to be withdrawn as given up to certain death
by the impossibility of an efficacious defense. In
case of attack, what is to become of . our colleagues,
the Sisters of Charity, the Sisters of St. Joseph, the
Marist Brothers, and so many Christians who live in
this parish ? To God's protection ! In the evening,
at six o'clock, twenty Christians were armed as
guards : the danger increases.

Tuesday, June 6th, — I telegraphed since morning
to the superior-general *^ in Fekin and in Tientsin
peril is extreme for alU' A dispatch from Father
Guilloux informs us of many fires and as many more
massacres of Christians. Here, everybody is working
on barricades, lances are being made, and the supply
of provisions is being increased. At six o'clock in
the evening, the Italian minister sent ten of his
marines to defend the establishment of the Sisters,

THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH. 21

who belong to the Holy Childhood, with whom axe
several Italian Sisters. At half-past seven the gov-
ernor of the city came to me and told me, —

^* You have nothing to fear : the Boxers will not
dare to attack the Pei-tang."

This great mandarin is perhaps sincere, but, for my
part, I believe his assertion to be absolutely false.

Wednesday, June 6th, — We are multiplying the
means of defense. We have learned that the Em-
press has sent two members of the Grand Council to
arrest the Boxers bt/ persuasion / It is altogether
useless.

Thursday, June 7th, — We are constructing a small
turret to protect the eastern wall of our residence.
I am going to the Legations, where they still hope ; for
a new imperial decree, better than those preceding,
has just been issued. For myself I cherish no hope,
and do not fail to repeat that an attack is imminent.
At eight o'clock the Marist Brothers of Cha-La came
back to the Pei-tang.

Friday, June 8th. — Villages are burning on all
sides, fires are multiplying during the night; the
firing of guns is heard everywhere, and we are obliged
to watch till morning.

Saturday, June 9th, — Some Boxers have been
seen in the k^ou, (The k^ou is the northern part of
the large park, the southern part of which was
given to us by the Emperor to construct our Cathe-
dral.) I am going to the Legations again, where all
optimism has not died out. The Empress has re-

22 THE HEART OF PEKIN.

turned to the city with the coui-t, and issued a very
strong new decree. The governor has himself written
to me that he has received a special order to protect
the churches of Pekin; I have but little confidence
in his words ; they will be overridden.

Sunday, June 10th, — I shall telegraph to Paris
again, because I am afraid that in a short time I
shall be unable to do so; then I am going to the
Legations, where there is great uneasiness, because of
the revolt of the soldiers of General Toun-Fou-Sian.
Fresh troops left Tientsin this morning under thie
command of Admiral Seymour ; we hope to see them
arrive here to-morrow. . . . But the Boxers have all
left the city ; the regular soldiers are on the walls
with ai-tillery. At eight o'clock the telegraph wires
were cut between Tientsin and Pekin, as well as
between Pekin and Pao-ting-fou. These facts are
bad signs ; I shall be very much surprised if the
reliefs can arrive.

Monday, June 11th, — From the top of our church
we see the summer residences of Europeans, on the
western hills, in flames. At a quarter before ten
many Boxers with their standards passed along the
wall of the Yellow City ; serious alarm ; everybody is
at his post. Nevertheless, I left for the Legations ;
confidence is felt there ; detachments from Admiral
Seymour and numerous troops are expected, because
the admirals have received orders to send all they
have as soon as the telegraph wires are cut, and that
has been done. I share little of this hope. Prince

THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH. 23

Tuan, grand chief of the Boxers, and high mandarins,
their friends, have just been named members of the
Tsung-li-yamen. At five o'clock in the evening the
chancellor of the Japanese Legation, going before
the expected troops, was massacred near the southern
gate by the soldiers of Toun-fou-sian. They have
united with the Boxers, and are trying to keep all
Europeans from entering or leaving Pekin.

Tuesday^ June 12th, — The Boxers have set fire to
the stacks of straw next to the house of the Sisters of
Cha-La. At seven o'clock in the evening fresh alarm
made us take up arms, but our fears were without
ground. A haK-hour later Mr. Pichon wrote to us
that the new members of the Yamen had come to
see him, that they had been very kind, and that
Admiral Seymour would enter the city without diffi-
culty. God grant that the words of the mandarins
may be sincere, but ... we cannot believe them.

Wednesday, June ISth, — General Toun-fou-sian is
in open revolt, the Christians of Pekin are leaving
their homes. Three of them have been massacred in
the Chinese city by the Boxers. We have learned
through the Legations that Admiral Seymour with
his troops slept in Lang-fou yesterday ; this village
is about forty miles from here; the railroad has
been burned; we can hardly dare hope that the troops
can arrive now. At midday we learned that the
French cemetery was burned and completely de-
stroyed. - The watchman, his wife, and children have
been massacred. Bad night ; fires and cries of death.

24 THE HEART OF PEKIN.

to some extent, everywhere ; women are taking refuge
in the church. At haK-past nine o'clock we saw our
beautiful church of St. Joseph in Tong-tan in flames.
Toward ten o'clock ominous noises. The Boxers are
heard giving the word of command to the west of
our establishment. At eleven o'clock two Christians
confirmed the burning of this Church. We watched
until morning, because the trumpets of the Boxers
sounded on all sides.

Thursday^ June IJffth, Feast of Corpiis Christi. —
At eight o'clock in the morning we saw from the top
of the church the constant blaze of Tung-t'ang and
several other fires. We can no longer hold communi-
cation with any one ; the gates of the Yellow City are
closed, guarded by the troops of Prince Tuan. At
half-past eleven o'clock the old cathedral of the
Immaculate Conception in Nan-tan, the residence, the
college, the hospital, the orphanage, all took fire;
it is a horrible sight !

Toward midnight much firing of cannon and guns
to the south ; will Lord Seymour arrive ? . . . Cries
of death from Boxers all around us. Cha, Cha,
kill I kill ! ! ! Chao, Chao, bum ! bum ! ! ! Till two
o'clock in the morning everybody was up and about ;
then the cries grew fainter, and the Boxers seemed to
be retreating.

Friday, June 15th. — All the Sisters expected
death, and received Holy Communion ; children and
women have taken refuge in the cathedral. At eight
o'clock we learned from an escaped Christian that

THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH. 25

the missionaxies; Brothers^ Sisters, and children of
St. Joseph, in !N'an-tan, are safe in the Legations. A
detachment of volunteers, as courageous as devoted,
went to save them at one o'clock in the morning. At
half -past eleven we saw the Tower of Our Lady of
the Seven Dolors in Si-t'ang, the bricks of which are
reddened by fire. All is surely burned. A courier,
sent by us to the Legation, came back at three o'clock,
bringing a letter from Mr. Pichon, and one from
Father Addosio, pastor in Nan-tan: "!No news of
the detachments ; fight with the Boxers. Father
Garrigues, pastor in Tung-t'ang, is sui-ely murdered.
Many Christians taken refuge in the palace of Prince
Sou, to the north of the Legations."

At six o'clock we learned that Father Dor^, pastor
in Si-t'ang, had been murdered. At seven o'clock
our establishments were surrounded on the south,
east, and west by a large crowd of Boxers. A half-
hour later, their horrible cries were heard ; we were
surely going to be attacked. The Sisters and all
their children came to the cathedral, where there
were already eighteen hundred women and babies,
maddened by fear. They were just in time. The
Boxers arrived by the south at a quarter to eight.
Their leader, on horse, is a lama or a bonze ; he pre-
cedes an immense red flag, surrounded by young
Boxers who have undergone the incantations and are
likewise dressed in red. They burned perfumed
sticks, prostrated themselves on entering our street
on the south, and then advanced in compact band^.

26 THE HEART OF PEKIN.

The marines of our great gate let them approach
within two hundred yards, then sent a volley into
their ranks, which laid forty-seven of these so-called
" invulnerables " low, and put the thousands of
Boxers, who followed, to flight. We went out at
once and captured five swords and one lance. The
Boxers, driven back, at once set fire to the houses
which adjoin ours on the south. We have been pre-
served by God, who changed the direction of the
wind in our favor ; moreover, wet covering, pumps,
nothing had been forgotten to assist Providence.

Made furious by their failure, vntnessed by a
crowd of ten thousand persons ready to plunder, the
Boxers redoubled their noise and ferocious yells until
after midnight, but did not dare to attack anew.

This first serious encounter has given us hope
in manifesting the cowardice of our enemies. The
Christians, whom we had armed with about five hun-
dred lances, had, besides, seven or eight poor guns ;
made courageous by this first success, they promised
to keep watch vnth the marines on the fourteen hun-
dred yards of wall.

Saturday, June 16th, — Through a fugitive, we
learned the admirable constancy of many Christians
massacred without the gate T'ing-tze-men, of whom
not one would deny his faith ; that is very consoling
At half-past twelve serious alarm ; cries of Boxers ;
arrival of regular soldiers, who guard the gate of
Si-Hoa; they are evidently not to defend, but to
attack us. Our purveyor refuses to sell anything j

THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH, 27

he is threatened with death if he gives us the least
supply. Towards half-past four an immense fire be-
gins to rage in Tsien-Men ; the Boxers, after having
burned all the houses of Christians, are now burning
the stores where a few European articles are sold.
A courier sent to the Legation, came back at five
o'clock. Always no news from Admiral Seymour,
At half-seven every-one is at his post. More than
three hundred soldiers, and numerous Boxers, have
surrounded our residence ; the Sisters and Christians
again pass a sad night in the church. An imperial
decree, issued during the day, announces officially to
all China that the churches of Pekin have been
buimed.

Sundayj June 17th. -r- From two till half -past three
in the morning many cannon-shots and volleys from
the side of the Legations. Toward ten o'clock,
Boxers and troops blockade us completely. However,
a Christian gives himself up, leaves, and brings us
word from Mr. Pichon : " More than two thousand
houses have been burned in Tsien-Men, of which
twenty-six large Chinese banks." Afternoon very
disturbed. The Boxers and their fires are seen all
around us.

Monday, June 18th, — We are fortifying ourselves
against a possible attack from artillery, as several
cannon have been brought to the south of our build-
ings. Prince Tuan himself is not far away. At half-
past four, a large number of Boxers came in vehicles,
and preparations for attack began. A heavy rain

28 TBB HEART OF PSRIK.

sent hy Gtod at a quarter before six prevents the
attack.

Tuesday, June 19th. — A servant from Si-fang,
after having wandered abont in the city several days,
succeeded in coming to ns, and told ns that Father
Dor^ was burned to death in his room together with
twenty Christians; he would not make use of his
arms. A few days before, this brave Father said
to me, —

*^ Bishop, if I am attacked, may I make use of my
gun?''

I answered him, —

^' Of course it is permitted in case of legitimate
defense."

He added, —

" But, if it were to defend myself alone, would it
not be more perfect not to make use of it ? "

I then said to him, —

"Assuredly; to 'be murdered for God without
making any defense is true martyrdom."

That is what this beloved brother has done !

In the street ten pieces of cannon are turned
toward us. Are they to defend the palace, or to
attack us ?

Wednesday f June 20th, '• — A Christian has reached
us despite the blockade. He has informed us that
the German minister was killed in going to Ya-men,
and that the other ministers have received orders to
leave within twenty-four hours.

Thursday, June 21st. (30th anniversary of the

T£E VALLEY OF TBE I^HADOW OF DEATH. 29

massacres of Tientsin,) — A brave Cliristiaii has given
himself up to go to the Legations again; he has
brought back this short message from Mr. Pichon, —

"The French Legation and other ministers are
obliged to withdraw to the English Legation; the
German minister has been really killed and his in-
terpreter wounded ; the Austrian Legation has been
evacuated and will be burned. The project of leaving
Pekin has been abandoned. Let us. prepare our-
selves for the last journey, but let us still hope.'^

On his part, Mr. Darcy, lieutenant and the superior
officer of Mr. Paul Henry, has written to him: "You
should have received the order to rally, but remain
at your post for the present." God permitted that
this order to rally never reached us, otherwise we
should all have been lost. The situation is grave.
Are we going to join the martyrs of Tientsin ? We
are preparing ourselves for all things.

Friday, June 22d^ Feast of the Sacred Heart. —
We are completely blockaded, and are no longer able
to hold communication with any one without.

Those besieged are as follows, —

Bishop Favier, Bishop Jarlin, coadjutor. Rev. Du-
coulombier, procurator general of the Vicariate, Rev.
Giron, director of the seminaries. Rev. Chavanne,
professor recently arrived, Mr. Gartner, student not
yet in Orders, Brother Denis and Brother Maes ; the
Visitor of the Marist Brothers, the Superior and four
Brothers of the same society ; twenty-two Sisters of
Charity, of whom eight are native; thirty French

30 THE HEART OF PEKIN.

marines of the d^ Entrecaateaux, the ensign in com-
mand, Mr. Paul Henry, ten Italian marines, besides
an adjutant and an ensign, Mr. Oli'v 3ri ; one hundred
and eleven pupils of the Grand and L. %le Seminaries ;
900 men and youths, refugees ; 1,800 women and
children; 450 young girls from the schools and
orphanages; 51 infants in the cradle; approximate
total,. 3,420 in all, pf whom 71 are Europe, ns.

With a pound to a person a day, we ha '^e enough
provisions for more than one month; our rms con-
sist of forty guns of the marines, seven or eight guns
of all kinds in the hands of Chinese, a few poor
swords and 500 lances, or rather 500 long . sticks
tipped with iron. These are all. The line to be
defended measures exactly 1360 yards.

I had determined, in a pastoral letter, that the
consecration of the Vicariate to the Sacred Heai't
should take place to-day. At half-past six o'clock,
the priest kneelitig at the foot of the altar was read-
ing the first words of .consecration, when a severe
cannon-shot broke a window of the church, where all
had assembled, and killed a poor woman. A panic,
readily pardoned, seized the people; all crowded in
the chapels and sacristies of the west, as we had* been
attacked from the east. Cannon reports succeeded one
another at minute intervals : the church was speedily
evacuated. Fourteen Krupp guns sent forth without
interruption the latest improved Schrapnel bombs.
Several small brick columns, double windows, flew
into pieces; the facade of our cathedral is badly

■

■■

■

TiM *

Cathedral of Pekim.

THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH. 33

the past three days. God grant that we may have
enough provision, and that the army of relief may not
be too long in coming !

Monday, June 25th, — The night, like the morning,
was comparatively calm, but it seems that a great
battle is being fought on the side of the Legations ;
the cannon of yesterday are silent behind their
intrenchments. We sustain well a hail of projectiles
sent by guns on the ramparts: we have become
accustomed to so much noise during the past three
days that we hardly pay any more attention to it.
The Boxers have placed mannikins on the roofs of
the houses ; this childish stratagem does not make
us waste ammunition. There remain 276 cartridges
to each man, and they will not be put to other than
good use.

Tuesday, June 26th. — The Boxers have set fire to
all the houses which adjoin us, and are working back
of the imperial wall, where they are placing ladders
and scaffolding, so as to be able to shoot more con-
veniently. They are firing on us from all sides, but
no one has been struck. In the afternoon there was
a hard fight on the side of the Legations.

Wednesday, June 27th, — Since six o'clock in the
morning the Boxers have been again attacking us on
the south ; they have entered our street with a large
red flag, thinking perhaps that our post at the gate of
entrance had been destroyed during the bombardment
of the preceding days. Like the first time they were
put to flight by well-directed volleys; they were

34 THE HEAET OF PEKIN.

chased in pui'suit, and the ai'ms which they threw
down have been collected. In this sortie of scai-cefy
one hundred yards, the second mate was unfortu-
nately wounded by a shot in the shoulder. From
the tops of houses, ladders, and scaffolding, the enemy
has covered our courts and porches with shot for
more than six hours ; a young girl has been killed,
and a woman wounded in the head. About eleven
o'clock in the evening we were surprised by a large
band of Boxers throwing explosive bombs and burn-
ing arrows against our Great Gate, which, at the same
time, they wet with petroleum, by means of fire-
pumps stolen by them. During this time the
regular soldiers rained a shower of balls from their
Mauser rifles. Everybody is behaving welL The
Great Gate is saved, and only one Christian has been
wounded. Our marines are truly admirable ; they all
wear a scapular and a crucifix, and feel themselves
protected by God.

Thursday, June 28th. — After a calm enough day,
we suffered a vigorous attack at six o'clock in the
evening, and counted as many as 42 gun-shots to
the minute ; terrible night. The Boxers began anew
their attack against the Great Gate. Our people,
infuriated, decided about midnight to venture a
sortie. They threw themselves on the Boxers, who
wet us with petroleum at a distance of less than
thirty yards. Ten Boxers were killed, the others put
to flight; two petroleum pumps, powder, shot, and
even several chests of clothing, were captured. De-

THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH, 35

spite the terrible discharges from the regular soldiers,
the most dangerous houses were set afire. The
pumps taken still contained about twenty-five gallons
of petroleum apiece !

Friday, June 29th, Feast of SS. Peter and Paul. —
We offered our congratulations to the brave com-
mander, Paul Henry ; we spoke of Angers, his coun-
try, and the happiness of his parents upon seeing
him again. He said to us, " You will see that we
will save the Pei-t'ang ; perhaps some of us will be
no more; I shall be happy to die in so worthy a
cause ; I hope that God will open Paradise to me.
If I am to die, I shall not die until you no longer
need me,'* etc.

I implored him, as on every day, not to expose
himself. I fear for him, he is so brave, so full of
courage, so devoted.

It seems as though the Boxers intend to leave us
this day of joy ; apart from the balls which are put-
ting holes in our windows or flattening against the
walls as usual, all is quiet, and we are not called upon
to sustain any serious attack. At ten o'clock in the
evening a frightful storm broke, and the thunder
seemed to fall on the palace ; nevertheless, heavy
firing on the side of the Legations.

Saturday, June SOth. — The morning was saddened
by the death of the poor second mate, Joannic ; we be-
lieved him saved, when his wounds gangrened, and
occasioned his death in a few hours. Alas ! we had
neither doctor nor surgeon. He died like a brave
Breton, fortified by all the sacraments.

36 THE HEART OF PEKIN.

At half -past eleven we were surprised to see oiur-
selves again bombarded ; a dozen bombs of very large
caliber burst in the air without harming any one. At
the end of a quarter of an hour, this cannonading,
accompanied by heavy firing from the east, ceased all
of a sudden. What did it mean? I saw on the
mountain of the White Tower, in the midst of the
lakes of the palace, twelve hundred yards from us,
twenty persons magnificently clothed. It was thought
that Prince Tuan, the Empress, and other high per-
sonages, had come to look on the bombardment as
upon a display of fireworks. Our marines had a great
desire to send a discharge from their Lebels on this
group, but I thought I should keep them from doing
so in order not to excite an already too violent hatred.

At half-past five we buried the second mate, very
simply and quickly, in our garden, for balls rained
mercilessly around those present. Our brave Chris-
tians are all saddened, and say, " Why not one hun-
dred of us dead instead of this brave seaman ? "

Sunday, July Ist — About eight o'clock we heard
a number of cannon-shots in the south ; are they the
reinforcements? We still hope against all hope.
For the first time we begin to eat asses' flesh ; mules
and horses will follow ; there are eighteen of them.
Smallpox has broken out among the children ; seven
to eight are dying every day.

Monday, July 2d, — The attacks are less lively
than on preceding days, but the food is very bad;
no more vegetables, no more salted herbs, for our

THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH. 37

poor Christians ; they commenced to lose spirit ; heat,
38° C, atmosphere damp; no news for twelve days.
What a long time !

Tuesday J July 3d, — A very heavy rain disturbs
us greatly. If the rainy season has already com-
menced, all hope of deliverance must be abandoned.
As every one knows, everybody smokes in China.
We have no more tobacco ; our people are making it
with leaves from pear-trees, dried and powdered.
Mortality is on the increase ; we are now burying as
many as fifteen children a day.

Wednesday y July Jffth. — This morning the Lega-
tions were more severely attacked. About midday
we saw the soldiers and Boxers erecting a large plat-
form of earth to the north of the Yellow Wall ; they
evidently want to place their cannon so as to bombard
us from the rear, at eight hundred yards. Our gun-
ners struck down twelve of these bandits.

At five o'clock in the evening the Boxers again
appeared opposite our Great Gate. The cannon which
we had taken was loaded and pointed ; the Chinese
artilleryman, a Christian formerly in the army of
Prince Tuan, fired without orders and much too soon;
the enemy fled, with only a few wounded. Christian
watchmakers who have taken refuge amongst us,
make excellent Lebel, Mauser, and other cartridges ;
we shall not, therefore, lack ammunition.

Thursday, July 5t1u — We have been able to manu-
facture powder for the cannon taken from the enemy,
and placed to protect the Sisters, so as to return the

38 THE HEART OF PEKIN.

fire that threatens us from the north ; but it is very
little compared with those who are firing against us.
During the whole day we were aimed at from the
south of the Yellow Wall, without any serious result

Frldaj/f July 6th, — We begin to fear famine.
Bioe, wheat, beans, millet — all is weighed exactly ;
the total is better than we had hoped, — nearly sixty
thousand pounds. With a pound to a person a day,
we are safe for twenty days : at the end of that time
we shall have surrendei'ed or been delivered. At
five o'clock in the evening an unusual noise was
heard : it was a fuse hurled at the church, which went
tlu'ough a window, leaving a long train of fire in its
wake. We picked it up ; it was composed of a tube
about two feet long, of hammered copper, tipped with
a strong triangular point; the end is formed of a
wooden handle about ten feet long. These fuses go
through a roof as easily as a loaded ball, and, besides,
are a great menace of fire.

Saturday^ July 7th. — Since half -past four in the
morning, the Boxers have thrown explosives on our
roof for two hours. More than two hundred and fifty
of these projectiles have ignited, but our precautions
were well planned ; casks, bathing-tubs, buckets full
of water j men provided with hooks and pumps, were
ready, and the fire did not spread. As six o'clock the
cannon on the north was discharged, and at first sent
simple balls against us. We answered by a full
volley and several shots from our set cannon. The
Tartars, surprised, quickly changed their cannon, and

THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH. 39

replaced it by a Krupp gun. The first shell blew our
gunner to pieces ; the position became untenable ; all
the structures to the west of Jeu-tse-t'ang are bored
through. Moreover, during the whole day several
hundreds of fuses were thrown on our roofs. This
day is one of the most disastrous of the siege. Toward
evening only, shells were replaced by Chinese bombs,
many of which did not explode ; total, three hundred
and sixty cannon-shots in twelve hours. But one of
our number was killed and several were wounded.
Without miraculous protection all would have been
in flames to-day.

Sunday, July 8th, — Since morning, we have
strengthened the places weakened by the cannonad-
ing of the preceding day ; but the bombardment be-
gan again, more lively than before, at nine oclock ;
at first, simple balls, then shells. The clock tower
is completely demolished. Total, one hundred and
two cannon shots and new fuses, which like those of
the day before, did not set fire to anything.

Monday, July 9th, — At five o'clock in the morn-
ing, the Boxers again began to throw explosives;
intense firing all day, and one hundred and seven
cannon shots; only two Christians were wounded.
We are beginning to be somewhat fatigued and dis-
quieted, especially as the enemy is preparing, it
seems to bombard us from the south and the west.
From eleven till midnight, we heard a terrible, battle
on the side of the legations.

Tuesday, July 10th, — After a tranquil morning,

40 THE HEART OF PEKIN.

fighting was renewed at ten o'clock ; the cannon on
the north continued to demolish ; at two o'clock^ the
attack became more vigorous ; two enormons pieces of
artillery set on the south wrought much damage to
our Great Gate and the church. A full volley silenced
them for an instant, but the Chinese artillerymen pro-
tected their gunners by iron masks. At the Great
"Gate, the sailor David received a ball in the head,
dying a half hour afterwards, fortified by the sac-
raments. But five men remain at this dangerous
post ; the others have taken refuge in the casemates ;
one hundred and seven loaded balls, twenty-five
pounds each, have been fired; one of these, after
having blown the windows of our room into pieces,
fell on the bed which I had just left. Still another
miracle ! We no longer count them.

Wednesday, July 11th, — A casemate has given
way ; it is being speedily repaired despite the firing.
A Mauser ball has passed through the hat of Bishop
Jarlin ; a hair-breadth below, and I should have had
no coadjutor. The Blessed Virgin has saved the be-
loved and brave bishop.

The bombardment began again at half-past one;
a few minutes afterwards a fearful explosion shook
all our buildings. A column of earth and stones is
being raised over thirty yards high to the east of
Jen-tse-t'ang. We all flee to it. Fortunately, the
mine was not carried far enough, and we have es-
caped with a few damaged houses, that can be
propped ; one killed and several wounded. We thank

THE' VALLEY OF TEE SHADOW OF DEATH, 41

God. The bombardment continues ; a shell has
fallen in the chapel of the sisters^ on the benches
which they have just left to go to supper.

During the night, we set fire to houses which the
Boxers occupied only yesterday ; we found twenty
casks of petroleum, some swords and guns, which are
burning with the other things.

Thursday/, July 12th, — The morning of this day
was so quiet that we thought the soldiers had left.
But, about half-past ten, enormous balls commenced
to rain down on us until six o'clock in the evening.
Sent at long intervals apart, but fifty reached their
aim ; that is to say, our Great Gate, which is now in
a deplorable condition.

Friday, July ISth. -r^The fear of mines decided
us to undertake an exploration about two o'clock in
the morning. Several holes were found and filled in,
that were beginnings of mines in which rolls of
electric wire had been placed, evidently intended to
set off the powder. At midday, the firing of cannon
began again. A sailor was seriously wounded in
the head by splintering bricks ; another was sadly
bruised. From seven till nine o'clock in the evening
bombarding and filing on the side of legations.

Saturday, July l^th. — Several Christians are going
to set fire to the houses which interfere with the
shooting from the Great Gate. At Jen-tse-t'ang,
about eleven o'clock, an Italian marine was killed by
a shot in the head. A Christian, who wanted to find
out whence the fire came, was ^ likewise killed. Ex-

42 THE HEART OF PEKIN,

cepting a few hundred gun-shots, the day has been
quiet enough.

Sunday, July 15th, — One would suppose that the
Chinese ai-tilleiymen had repented their not bom-
barding us yesterday ; from nine in the morning they
recommenced their work of destruction ; the cannon
on the south and south-west wrought the greatest
damage at the Great Gate and to the church ; only
one hundred and foi-ty shots during the day, and
they continued during the night. Fresh nocturnal
exploration ; two unfinished mines were again dis-
covered and destroyed.

Monday, July 16fh, — The Boxers continue to
throw explosives without effect. From nine o'clock
in the morning till ten in the evening, they sent hun-
dreds of balls against us. One Christian woman
has been killed ; a sailor has been wounded in both
eyes by the splintering of bricks: one is certainly
lost.

Tuesday, July 17th, — This day has been the most
quiet, perhaps, of the siege ; no cannon-shots and
scarcely and from guns. It seems as though the
Boxers are preparing a scheme. We have begun a
novena to Saint Ann, patroness of our brave Bretons.
Our beloved commander Henry will present the ex-
voto which we have promised if we ai*e delivered.

Wednesday, July 18th, — We are energetically
pushing the work of a counter-mine already begun,
because, for some days, we have been hearing heavy
blows on the west side of Jen-tse-t'ang under the

THE VALLEY OF TBE SHADOW OF DEATH, 43

Yellow Wall. About eleven o'clock we ascertained
that our enemies were moving away on the side of the
Pagoda of the lamas which adjoins us on the east.
Fifty vehicles are transporting the chests and bundles
of Boxers and soldiers. Is the army of relief ap-
proaching, or do the lamas think that the neighbor-
hood is going to be blown up ? Mystery !

Alas ! the second supposition is true. At five
o'clock, mine explosion — twenty-five dead, twenty-
eight wounded. The whole part west of Jen-tse-t'ang
in ruins I We make a rush, expecting attack from
the Boxers ; they did not come. Unfortunately we
number among the dead Brother Joseph, a Marist,
who led the workmen of the counter-mine, a young
man, twenty-five years of age, as pious as he was
brave, loved and lamented by all. The explosion
occasioned a panic, and subterranean noises were
supposed to be heard everywhere. Women and chil-
dren ran about, frightened to death, and, despite the
danger, most of them took refuge in the cathedral,
which occupies the central site of our buildings.

Thursday f July 19th, Feast of St, Vincent. — Burial
of Brother Joseph,* exchange of fire with Boxers.
The marine Franc, who exposed himself too much,
received a ball in his head, and died almost instantly.
He lived just long enough to receive absolution.

Friday, July 20th, — Our Christians are again going
to burn the most dangerous houses ; about six o'clock
the Boxers, on their part, set fire to a house south of
our Great Gata Work on the mine where the Sisters

44 THE HEART OF PEKIN.

were was continued ; we need not urge our Christians
to work ; they have not forgotten the catastrophe of
the 18th.

Saturday, July 21st, — Provisions are beginning to
get low ; with great economy they will last fifteen
days. The attempt was made to get some from a
small store only two hundred yards distant; but
stopped by soldiers and Boxers, our Christians re-
turned empty-handed.

Sunday, July 22d: — Firing continued all night;
the enemy evidently feafs that we are going for pro-
visions ; two Christians have been wounded, and one
sailor lost his left eye by a ball that lodged back of
the ear. One of our Chinese sighted the Boxers
digging a large ditch back of the Yellow Wall. Four
men ascended the ladders, the barrels of their guns
well-filled, and shot down twenty of the enemy, as
well as two mandarins. In the evening, diluvian
rain ; the casemates are uninhabitable.

Monday, July 23d. — After a half-day's quiet, we
were attacked in the afternoon at foiu* o'clock by
several thousand Boxers, and as many regular sol-
diers, called together by tam-tams and trumpets that
sounded without interniption.

The attack was made simultaneously on the north,
east, and south. The death of several marines and
the serious wounds of some others deprived us of five
guns. We had trained and drilled so many of the
Marist Brothers and Chinese students of the seminary
not in orders, so that our thirty Lebel guns were all

THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH. 46

in constant use, besides the ten Italians defending the
Sisters. The attack was extremely vigorous. Boxers,
lamas, and regular soldiers, to the number of more
than one thousand, tried to scale the wall. They left
one hundred and fifty dead on the ground, and took
to flight. Enraged, the soldiers of Prince Tuan dis-
charged all their ammunition on the side of our
Grand Gate, and, without exaggeration, during one
hour sent five thousand Mauser bullets that did not
wound a single one of us. The trumpets then sounded
a retreat, and we were left undisturbed. It was nine
o'clock in the evening.

Tuesday y July 2Jith. — In the north-east near the
Pagoda we see a number of Boxers wearing yellow
turbans and belts. These are the brigade of lamas.
They carry a French flag. This puerile ruse makes
us laugh despite the sadness of the hour. About
half-past four tam-tams again united the Boxers, and
we anticipated an attack which did not take place.
Yesterday's lesson was profitable. Three Christians
were wounded during the day, and a new mine dis-
covered on the south. From the top of the church
large numbers of flags were seen, and at night as
many lanterns on the walls of the city.

Wednesday^ July 25th. — Quiet enough day. Our
Christians went out and burned several embattled
houses without being disturbed. The Boxers dug
very deep trenches back of the Yellow Wall ; we do
not know why. Our marines killed a dozen of these
brigands.

46 TEE HEART OF PEKIN.

Thursday f July 26th. — At one o'clock veiy lond
explosion. An exploded mine was the first thought
of all, and eyerj one ran to his post. It was nothing.
A bold Boxer had carried a large bomb to onr eastern
wall, and it exploded without doing any damage. At
three o'clock Father ChaTanne, a Lazarist priest,
died almost suddenly. A few days before he had
been woiinded on guard at his post by a ball probably
poisoned, since it brought on black smallpox which
caused his death.

Friday, July 27th. — We hear very severe cannon-
ading distinctly on the south and east; we always
hope to see the army coming. Several fuses thrown
at night made us think that the Legations are com-
municating by signals with troops outside of the
city. What is hoped for is easily believed. . . .

Saturday, July 28th. — ^e are again very seri-
ously concerned about provisions ; we have fixed the
rations at eight ounces a day for a person. We can
thus survive ten days. Cannon were again heard
about ten o'clock. One was set only 100 yards away
from Jen-tse-t'ang ; the gunners were quickly shot
down, but the cannon was moved farther away and
sent 75 projectiles against us. The enemy seem to
be short of ammunition, and are loading their cannon
with almost anything, even stones. During the
night we received 36 bombs and numberless shots
from guns on the ramparts.

Sunday y July 29th» — The bombardment continues ;
the soldiers have shot off 115 filled balls, and bullets

THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH. 47

have been so numerous that all our battlements are
demolished ; three Christians were killed.

Monday J July SOth, — The night was bad ; they
continued to fire on Jen-tse-t'ang. From seven
o'clock in the morning, the cannon commenced their
work, assisted by heavy firing on the part of regular
soldiers. Commander Henry is descending the break
with twelve men; Boxers enter in large numbers,
carrying f agofes wet with petroleum, which they light
against the northern wall.

Commander Henry multiplies himself ; several hun-
dreds of the Boxers have been killed ; unfortunately,
two sailors were wounded by a ball which entered
the commander's neck. He then descended from the
scaffolding, and received a second mauser bullet in
his side. Kotwithstanding these two mortal wounds,
he still kept up ; finally he succumbed under the
veranda, in the arms of a priest, who administered
the last Sacraments to him. At the end of twenty
minutes, he died as a brave soldier and good Chris-
tian. We shed tears but once during the siege, and it
was on this day. Never before have we been so low
down ; the simple quartermaster Elias took command
of the detachment; but Bishop Jarlin is there to
watch over our Bretons, who cry like children over
the death of their leader. One hundred and fifty
shots from cannon were fired during the day. One
hope is left to us ; the commander had told us, " I
shall not die until you no longer need me." He
will protect us from Heaven with St. Mauritius and
St. George, whom he has joined.

4S THE HEART OF PEKIN.

Tuesday^ July Slst — The Boxers have sent arrows
against us, to which writings of similar character
have been attached. They contain about what
follows : —

" You, Christians, shut up in the Pei-tang, reduced
to the greatest misery, eating leaves of trees, why do
you resist with so much animosity when you are
no longer able to do so ? We have leveled cannon
and set mines against you, and you will be destroyed
in a short time. You have been deceived by the
devils of Europe; return to the ancient religion of
* Fono,' deliver up Bishop Favier and the others, and
you will have saved your lives, and we will give you
to eat. If you do not do so, you, your wives and
children, will all be cut into pieces."

It is needless to say that not one of our brave Chris-
tians was so much as tempted to accept these offers,
and yet each received but ten ounces of food a day.

To-day eighty shots from cannon were fired against
us without much damage, excepting to our roofs,
which are nearly all riddled.

Wednesday, August 1st — Since six o'clock in the
morning the Boxers have returned to the north ; they
are only three to four hundred in number. They
were quickly routed ; at least fifty were killed.

A short time afterwards we heard on the side of
the Pagoda of the lamas, cries and firing. It seems
that there was a quarrel between the Boxers and the
soldiers, and that the latter killed some of their
opponents.

THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH 49

Thursday J August 2d. — We are lessening our
own rations and those of our Christians ; weakness is
general. We have only just enough to keep us from
starving to death. The dogs that are feeding on the
dead bodies of Boxers are hunted, killed, and eaten ;
our unfortunate people are adding this miserable
food to leaves of trees and roots of all kinds. The
time for the rainy season has come long since, but no
rain falls. God has left the roads passable for the
army of relief.

Friday, August Sd, — It seems as though we are
no longer watched, shots are so rare. There is even
some talk of venturing a sortie at two o'clock in the
morning in quest of grain ; but for this we would be
obliged to expose the lives of two-thirds of our
marines ; we shall not do so until there is absolutely
nothing more to eat in the house.

Saturday, August Jfth, — As usual, for four days
we have been left undisturbed during the day ; but at
night severe firing always begins again. The Boxers
and regulars know that we are in the very last
extremity of need, and are trying to keep us from
going out. Urged on by hunger, several Christians
escaped, entered burned houses, and brought back a
little burned rice found among the rubbish ; it is very
sad.

Sunday, August 5th, — The question of food is the
only one that now engages our attention : we can
resist balls, bullets, and bombs, but we can make no
resistance against famine. We have carefully weighed

50 THE BE ART OF PEKIN.

all that there is to eat ; the total amount is 7,000
poTinds. It is decided to distribute 1,000 pounds a
day among 3,000 persons. Thus we can survive seven
days. We fervently hope that the army of relief
will arrive this week. God has granted us such
strong protection until now.

Monday, August 6th. — A few Christians, unable to
suffer the pangs of hunger any longer, again ventured
out ; three were captured by the Boxers, who led them
away to be cut into pieces. To this sad occurrence
another is added : the sailor on duty at the Great
Gate has had his right eye shot out. There are already
three among our poor soldiers blind in one eye I

Tuesday, August 7th, — Severe cannonading has
been heard in the distance. Soldiers and Boxers are
attacking us feebly. This makes us hope that the
army is approaching ; but our Christians are so weak-
ened that they are sleeping under the verandas, thin,
pale, and as if in a faint. If the enemy were to attempt
an assault upon our five hundred armed men of the
start, hardly twenty-five would be in a condition to
repulse them.

Wednesday, August 8th. — Always the same quiet,
without a total. cessation of firing. A Christian gath-
ering leaves on a tree was struck by a ball, and fell
like a poor bird pierced by an arrow.

Thursday, August 9th. — We are constantly on the
watch, as the Boxers have promised that we shall all
perish ; in face of the danger, east of the Great Gate
is being explored. One Christian has been killed, and

THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH. 51

two have been wounded, but a mine was discovered,
and just in time to be destroyed.

Friday, August 10th, — We acknowledge with terror
that in two days our provisions will be exhausted ; we
have set aside four hundred pounds of rice and a mule,
so that our defenders may survive ten days.

The question was proposed whether anything shall
be reserved for ourselves and the Sisters. The answer
was unanimous, — " No : we shall die with our Chris-
tians.'' Some one, however, remarked that we de-
served greater pity than the poor people, since they
could eat the leaves of trees, and we could not. It
was then decided that a two-pound loaf of bread
should be given to each one of us. This last reserve
was kept in our rooms.

The rations have been reduced to two ounces per
person. Six days are thus assured ; but what days !
Still water is plenty, and with it, life can be preserved
some time.

At midday the cannon on the north was again fired
against us, as well as that on the east, — only fifty balls^
however. The aim is poor. The Boxers, inexpe-
rienced, are handling the pieces. About three o'clock
a captive balloon was seen on the south : our confidence
increases.

Saturday, August 11th, — Sixty shots from cannon,
to-day again. Instead of balls they are firing any-
thing at all, — old iron, nails, stones, even brick. In
the evening, we discovered and destroyed another
mine on the south of the Great Gate.

62 THE HEART OF PEKIN.

Sunday, August 12th, — At quarter-past six in the
morning^ violent explosion, a mine more terrible than
the others burst where the Sisters were.- All, at
once, ran to the scene. Happily, most of the chil-
dren and religious were at Mass in the chapel, other-
wise half would have perished. The damage done is
fearful ; all the eastern part of Jen-tse-fang is a heap
of rubbish, A hollow seven yards deep and forty in
diameter marks the place of explosion. Five Italian
marines and their officer disappeared; more than
eighty Christians, including fifty-one children in the
cradle, have been buried forever tmder this nun.
Notwithstanding a shower of balls, we go to help the
wounded.

Brother Julius- Andrew, Visitor of the Marist
Brothers, met his death in trying to save a half-
buried woman. He was a man of great courage, who,
during the whole siege, manifested intelligence, devo-
tion, and bravery beyond compare.

The French marines, who at once appeared on the
scene of disaster, killed fifty Boxers that tried to
force an entrance; the others took to flight. Until
evening we worked trying to save the buried. We
rescued Mr. Olivieri, commander of the Italian de-
tachment; he is covered with bruises, but he will be
spared. Of his five marines, two were discovered liv-
ing, but their wounds leave no ground for hope. A
post of French marines is stationed at Jen-tse-t'ang
with some seminarians to defend, in case of need, the
break, which is eighty yards long. Since eight o'clock

THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH, 53

in the morning the cannonading has not ceased; we
have received more than one hundred projectiles.
We are at the very last extremity.

Monday, August 12t1u — All are suffering very
much from famine; despondency is general, but the
repeated firing of cannon heard in the distance leaves
us a little hope. At eleven o'clock a new mine ex-
ploded in Jen-tse-t'ang ; thanks be to God ! it was not
carried far enough, and the damage done is compara-
tively insignificant.

In the evening we heard the Boxers cry, *'The
devils from Europe are approaching: we will die if
we must, but you shall perish before us."

At four o'clock in the evening the brave marine,
Robours, was killed at his post by being shot in the
forehead. We have only enough food to last two
days, and what food !

Tuesday, August Htlu — A terrible battle is being
fought on the south-east ; we hear cannon, mitrail-
leuses and volleys, f ron the top of the church ; the
Chinese flags are seen to disappear from the walls.
At eleven o'clock the bombardment is stronger; we
see fugitives making their escape, people who are
moving away. Despite the balls sent against us
from all sides, hope reigns in our hearts. We are
again able to speak, smiles come to our lips, for the
army of relief is evidently attacking Pekin. At five
o'clock in the evening we see at a long distance five
strange officers on the walls and a marine signaling to
the east; not far from there, an American flag is

54 THE HEART OF FEKIN.

waving. Until nine o'clock missiles are multiplied;
we see two to three hundred wounded Chinese carried
away.

Wednesday^ August 15thy Feast of the Assumption.
— Before daybreak, a gate of Pekin, on the east, was
in flames. From seven till nine o'clock, noise of can-
non, volleys aad firing of mitrailleuses are incessantly
heard. The army is probably making an assault.
Numbers of European soldiers are seen in the place
where the five officers were yesterday.

Until nine o'clock in the evening we hoped that
they would come to deliver us. The Blessed Virgin,
who has led the troops into Pekin on the day of her
glorious Assumption, will send them to us to-morrow,
please God! Four hundred pounds of food are left
for three thousand persons! Providence seems to
have counted the grains of rice; could He have
counted more exactly ?

Thursday f August 16th, — I had just celebrated
Mass at six o'clock, and was making my act of
thanksgiving under a veranda, when I heard severe
firing from a large band approaching from the south.
About half-past seven the shots came perceptibly
nearer, and before eight o'clock were, heard about
three hundred yards away, behind the gate of the
Yellow City called Si-Hoa. This gate had been
closed, large numbers of regular soldiers occupied it,
and in the street which leads from this gate to the
Imperial Palace, several strong barricades had been
built of sacks of rice which were defended by at least

THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH, 55

fifteen hundred men armed with repeaters, not count-
ing the Boxers and regulars stationed in the embat-
tled houses provided with embrasures.

Oar people, who climbed the walls, thought that they
recognized some European soldiers stationed behind
the gate of Si-Hoa ; others, Chinese soldiers ; we did
not know whether it were a last attack or deliverance
that was in preparation. At all events, I sounded
the Casquette du Fere Bugeaud on the bugle three
times. No response, no hurrah, came back from
without; but from within, a rain of projectiles poured
down upon us. A bomb exploded at my feet; I had
time to shelter myself back of a Brick column. At
the end of a half hour, a bold Christian, who climbed
the wall of the Yellow City, came running to me and
said :

" They are surely Europeans; I saw an officer dressed
in white, with stripes." We had ali-eady raised a
large French flag on top of the church, with the sig-
nal, "We ask for immediate relief." The director
of the Seminary, and his students carried another new
flag two hundred yards farther north and repeated
the bugle-calls. The officer seen came up to the flag ;
a ladder was passed to him, and he pressed the hand
of my coadjutor who had gone to that side. It was a
Japanese captain. He asked, " Can you open the gate
of the Yellow City ? "

It was impossible considering our small number.

"Very good," he replied; "I shall try to force it."

And he went down on the other side of the wall.

56 THE HEART OF PEEIN.

At this moment we saw a new band of soldiers,
dressed in blue, quickly approaching with cannon.

"This time," they called out to me, "we are no
longer in doubt ; they are French." They ran directly
up to the flag, set some ladders on their side, and we
placed others on our side. In a few minutes, fifty
of Marty's company with their commander were
among us. During this time the Japanese, scaling
the wall farther south, had opened a panel of the gate ;
the French artillery, stationed opposite, finished the
work, and despite the fire of several thousand shots
to the minute, the barricades were attacked.

The marine infantry that had entered our lines had
time to cross our ground, and take the large barricade
in the rear after having scaled and burned the embat-
tled house, and met their defenders at the point of the
bayonet.

The battle was over. More than eight hundred
dead bodies of Boxers or Chinese regulars were strewn
on the ground. We had cause to mourn only the loss
of two killed ; three were wounded, among them Com-
mander Marty.

It was about ten o'clock. The French Minister,
Mr. Pichon, and General Frey had been in the Pei-
tang for a quarter of an hour. Keedless to say that
mutual greetings and congratulations were offered
from the depths of our hearts. We were saved I

* A. FAVIER.

Plan of the New Pei-Tano.

PLAN OF THE NEW PEI-TANG.

I. BUILDINGS OF THE MISSIONARIES.

1. Cathedral of Pekin.

J.

Privileged Altar of the Pas-

2, 2' Imperial Pavilions.

sion.

3. Esplanade.

A,

A', Af', U*', Missionaries'

4, 4^ 4'^ Gates in Wrought Iron.

Quarters.

5. Entrance Court.

B.

Private Chapel.

6. Principal Entrance.

C.

Bishop's Apartments and

7. Court of Honor.

Clock Tower.

8. St. Joseph's Couft.

D.

Drawing Room.

9. Our Tiady*6 Court.

E.

Grand Parlor.

10. St. Vincent's Court.

F.

Treasurer's Office.

11. Seminary Court.

G.

Main Library.

12. Prep. Seminary Court.

H.

liefectory.

13. Office Court.

I.

Chinese Library.

14. Vegetable Garden.

J.

llecreation Boom.

15. Park.

K.

Store House.

16. Brothers' Court.

L.

Museum.

17. Printing Department.

M.

Warerooms of Printing De-

18. Visitors' Department.

partment.

19. Bandstand.

N.

Chinese Warerooms.

20. Monument.

O.

Pharmacy.

21. Kiosk.

P.

Business Offices.

22. Wells.

Q.

Brothers' Workshops.

a. High Altar and Sanctuary.

B.

Kitchen.

b. Altar of Blessed Virgin.

S.

Printing, Binding, and Ma*

c. Altar of St. Joseph.

chine Shops.

d. Altar of St. Vincent.

T.

Visitoi-s' Quarters.

e. Altar of B. Perboyre.

U.

Servants' Quarters.

f. Altar of St. Michael.

V.

Seminary Dormitory and Class-

g. Altar of B. Odorick.

room.

h. Altar of St. Peter.

X.

Seminary Refectory.

i. Altar of St. Philomena.

Y.

Seminary Chapel.

68

FLAN OF THE NEW FEI-TANG.

59

Z. Class Booms of Prep. Sem-
inary.

W. Dormitories of Prep. Semi-
nary.

4- Stables, Sheds, etc.

The line . . . shows the

area occupied by the old Pei-
Tang.

B. "R/ Street separating buildings
of the missionaries from
those of the Sisters.

IL BUILDINGS OF THE SISTERS.

1. Catechumen's and Dispensary

Court.

2. Sisters' Court.

3. School Court.

4. Orphanage Court.
6. Service Court.

6. Church Yard

7. Court of the Novitiate.

A. Church of the Immaculate

Conception.

B. Apartments of the Superioress

and Novitiate.

C. Schools.

D. Orphanage.

E. Sisters' Quarters.

F. Catecb union's Quarters.

G. Dispensary.

H. Infirmary and Store House.

I. Sundry Apartments.

J. Chapel of the Children of

Mary.
K. Store House.
L. Laundry, Nursery, etc.
M. Entrance.
N. Wells.

^ri ; ':

dissociation for tbe Propagation
of the faith

H»mtlv»rtmrm for Ihm Unltmd Sti
St. Mapjr'* SmittlnmrHf

'TpHE object of the Association for the
Propagation of the Faith is to assist by
prayers and alms the Catholic Missionaries
engaged in preaching the Gospel in heathen ■
and non-Catholic countries.

At present it contributes towards thej
support of 325 Dioceses or Vicariates and!
nearly 20,000 Missionaries in all parts of|
the world.

For all information concerning the truly
Catholic work of this Association, apply to

Rev. J. Freri, D.C.L',

Si. Mary's Seminary,

BALTIMORE. MD.%

sssn

The borrower must return this item on or before
the last dale stamped below. If another user
places a recall for this item, the borrower will
be notified of the need for an earlier return.

Non-receipt of overdue notices does not exempt
the borrower from overdue fines.

Harvard College Widener Library
Cambridge, MA 02138 617-495-2413