Hindustani selections, with a vocabulary of the words;

THE LIBRARY

OF

THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA

GIFT OF
HORACE W. CARPENTIER

HINDUSTANI SELECTIONS

WITH A

VOCABULARY OF THE WORDS.

PREPARED FOR THE USE OF THE SCOTTISH NAVAL AND MILITARY ACADEMY,

JAMES R. BALLANTYNE.

SECOND EDITION.

SOLD BY J. MADDEN & CO., LONDON ;
SMITH, 87 FRINGE'S STREET, AND J. BRAIDWOOD,
26, GEORGE STREET, EDINBURGH.
M.DCCC.XLV.

PRINTED BY WATTS, LONDON; AND BALLANTYNE AND HUGHES, EDINBURGH.

3B

TRANSCRIPT
OF THE FIRST SIX SECTIONS.

BISMI-L-LAHI-R-RAHMANI-K-RAHlM.

No. I.

Pan! la'o. roti ham-ko do. tumhara nam kya hai? wuh
kaun hai? we kaun hairc? sails hindustam bolo. turn bahut
jaldi bolte. ahiste bolo, to shayad ham samjhenge. idhar a'o.
chale-ja'o. ruMsat hai.

—

No. II.

Salam sahib ! turn kaise ho ? ap-ka mizaj kaisa hai ? yih
mera kalam hai, tumhari kitab kaharc hai ? yih merl kitab hai.
suno ! shor mat karo.

No. III.

Ahmafc bin Habbana& ek sha^As tha, jo, apne-ko pahchanne-
ke-waste, ek mala gale-mera rakhta tha. ittifa^an, ek roz so-
gaya ; to us-ke chhote bha'i-ne wuh mala apne-gale-men rakhi.
Ahma^-ne, jagkar, piichha ki, " tu Ahma^ bin Habbana& hai ;
pas main kaun hun ? " a

975

No. IV.

Ek talibu-l-"ilm kisi-teli-ke ghar gaya, aur us-ke bail-ke
gale-me/z ghan^a dekha. puchha, " yih kya hai ? " kaha us-ne,
" isi-kl awaz-se is-ka chalna mujhe ina"lum hota-hai." talibu-
l-"ilm-ne kaha ki " agar khara khara hilaya-kare, to kya
daryaft-howe ? " teli-ne jawab-diya ki " mera bail talibu-l-"ilm
nahiw."

No. Y.

Ek shaMs nihayat bad-awaz tha : wuh apne-ko ^/iush-awaz
janta, Aazakar ek din wuh sha&^s kuchh ga-raha-tha. us-ke
nazdik ek dhobi rassl lekar aya. us-ne kaha ki " kya hai ? "
kaha " hazrat salamat ! main bujha tha ki shayad mera gadha
bolta hai."

No. VI.

Ek wazir ka be#a nadan o kund-zihn tha. wazir-ne . ek dana-
ke pas use bheja, aur kaha ki " is-larke-ko tarbiyat-kar ; shayad
ki "aAlmand ho-jawe." chunanchi dana-ne us-ki ta"lim men
bahut-si koshish ki, par kuchh fa'ida na-hu'a. pas, lachar
hokar, larke-ko us-ke* bap-ke pas pher bheja, aur kaha ki
" tera beta "aAil nahiw-hu'a, aur mujhe diwana kiya."

TRANSLATIONS.

No. I.

Bring water. Give me (literally us) bread. What is your
name ? Who is that ? Who are those ? Speak easy Hindu-
stani. You speak very fast. Speak slowly, then perhaps I
(we) shall understand. Come hither. Go away. There is
permission (to depart — i. e. you may go away.)

T)^«

No. II.

Peace (be with you)
Honour's constitution,
Where is your book ? This is my book.

Sir ! How are you ? How is your
L e. how do you do ?) This is my pen.
Listen ! Don't make

a noise.

No. III.

o

Ahmak, the son of Habbanak, was a person who, for the
sake of recognising himself, was (in the habit of) wearing a
necklace on his neck. By chance, one day, he fell asleep ; then
his little brother placed that necklace on his own neck. Ahmak,
having awoke, asked as follows — " Ttiou art Ahmak, the aon of
Habbanak ; then who am I?"

No. IV.

A student (or philosopher) went to the house of a certain oil-
man, and saw a bell on the neck of his bull.* He asked,
"What (or why) is this?" Said he, " By the sound of this
very (bell,) the going of this (bull) becomes known to me, (i. e.
I know, by the sound, that he is walking on and turning the
mill.") The philosopher said, "If, whilst standing still, he
should make a practice of shaking (the bell,) then what will be
discovered ?" The oilman gave answer, " My bull is not a phi-
losopher."

No. V.

A person was very bad-voiced : — he thinks himself pleasant-
voiced. By chance, one day, that person was singing something.
A washerman, having taken a rope, came near him. He said,
" What is it? (or what is the matter ?") He replied, " Health
to your worship I I had imagined that perhaps my donkey f is
braying."

No. VI.

The son of a vizier was ignorant and dull-witted. The vizier
sent him to a sage, and said, " Educate this boy — perhaps he
may become wise." Accordingly, the sage made much exertion
in the tuition of him, but any advantage was not: therefore,
having become helpless, he sent the boy back to his father, and
said, " Thy son has not become wise, and has made me mad."

* An oilman keeps a bull to turn his oil-mill.

t A washerman keeps a donkey to carry to the river the clothes that are
to be washed there.

ANALYSES,

No. I.

Pani, water, masc. (§ 19*) nom. (§ 60.) La'o, briny, second
pers. pi. imperative of la-na.

Roti, bread, nom. fern. (§ 60 and § 19.) Ham-ko, to us, dat.
pi. of mam, /. The plural of this pronoun is commonly used
instead of the singular, (§ 60, d.) Do, give, second pers. pi. im-
perative, contracted for de'o, from de-na.

Tumhara, your, gen. pi. of tu, thou, or rather a pronominal ad-
jective, agreeing with nam, name, nom. sing. masc. Kya, what ?
Hai, is, third sing, present of the defective auxiliary, (§45.)

Wuh, he, she, it, or that, nom. sing. Kaun, who ? nom. sing.
Hai, is, (§ 45.) We, those, nom. pi. of wuh. Kaun, who?
nom. pi. of kaun. Haiw, are, third pi. pres. of defective auxi-
liary, (§45.)

Sails, easy, an unchangeable adjective, (§ 26.) Hindustani,
belonging to Hindustan, an unchangeable adj., (§ 26.) Bolo,
speak, second pi. imperative of bol-na.

Turn, you, nom. pi. of tu. Bahut, very. Jaldi, quickly. Bolte,
speak, second pi. pres. of bol-na.

Ahiste, slowly. Bolo, speak, second pi. imperative of bolna.
To, then, conj. Shayad, perhaps. Ham, we, nom. pi. (used for the
sing. § 60, d) of maw. Samjhenge, will understand, first pi.
future-definite of samajh-na. The second vowel of the root is
dropped in accordance with § 24, c.

Idhar, hither. A'o, cpme, second pi. imperative of a-na.

Chale-ja'o, go away, second pi. imperative of chala-ja-na,
(§ 66, c.)

RuMsat, dismissal or permission to depart, nom. sing. fern.
(19,6.) Hai, is, (§45.)

* The references are to the paragraphs of my Hindustani grammar.

No. II.

Saliim, peace, salutation. Sahib, sir, master.

Turn, you, nom. pi. of tu. Kaise, how ? pi. masc. of the adj.
kaisa, (§ 26.) Ho, are, second pi. pres. of the defective auxi-
liary, (§ 45.)

Ap-ka, of you sir, gen. sing, of the respectful pronoun ap
(§ 60 e.) The postpos. ka is employed (and not ke or ki)
because the governing word, mizaj, constitution, is a masculine
noun in the nominative singular, (§ 27.) Kaisa, how? adj. nom.
sing. mas. agreeing with mizaj (§ 26.) Hai, is (§ 45.)

Yih, this, nom. sing. Mera, my, gen. sing, of main, or rather
pronominal adj. agreeing (§26) with /ealam, pen, nom. sing. m.
Hai, is (§ 45.)

Tumhari, your, gen. pi. of tu; or else pron. adj. agreeing
(§ 26) with kitab, book, nom. sing. fern. KahFw, where? Hai,
is (§ 45.)

Yih, this, nom. sing. Men, my, gen. of maiw, or pron. adj.
agreeing (§26) with kitab, book, fern. Hai, is (§ 45.)

Suno, listen! 2d pers. pi. imperative of sun-na . Shor, a
noise, nom. sing. m. used for the ace. (§ 60.) Mat, don't, a
prohibitive particle, used with the imperative. Karo, make,
2d pi. imperative of kar-na.

No. III.

Ahma/i bin Habbana^, a proper name ; the nom. to tha, was
(§ 25;) ek, one or «; shaA/ts, person; jo, who, rel. pron. nom.
sing.: waste, for the sake, postpos. (§ 28, a;) pahchfmne-ke, of
recognising, gen. case of the infinitive mood, used as a verbal noun
(§ 67,) governed in the genitive by wltste, (§ 28, a;) apne-ko,
himself, ace. of ap, governed by pahchanne ; rakhta tha, was
keeping, imperfect, 3d, sing. m. of rukh-im, agreeing with jo ; ek,
a; malii, necklace, nom. sing. (§ 19, b) the object of rakhta tha
(§ 60;) gale-men, in or on his neck, ace. sing. m. of gala (§ 25;)
ittil'iUan, by chance, adv.; ek, one; roz, day; so-gaya, he fell asleep,

3d sing. m. past tense of so-ja-na, an intensive compound verb
(§ 66 and 66 a) formed of so-na, to sleep, and ja-na, to go; to,
then, adv. ; us-ke, his, gen. sing, of wuh : — the postpos. ke is used
(and not ka or ki) because the governing word is a masculine
noun (viz. bha'i-ne) which is not in the nom. sing. (§ 27;)
chhote, little, inflected mas. sing, of chho*a, agreeing (§ 26) with
bha'i-rie, brother, which, being the agent of a past tense of an
active transitive verb (§ 65,) requires the addition of the particle
ne ; wuh, that, dem. pron., agreeing with mala, necklace, nom.
sing. fern, which is the object of the verb rakhi, placed. This
being the past tense of an active transitive verb, agrees, not with
its agent (bha'I-ne) but with its object (mala;) and the object
being 3d pers. fern* sing., the verb is put in the 3d per. fern,
sing. (§ 65;) apne, his own, gen. of ap, or rather a pronominal
adj. agreeing (§ 26) with gale -mew, on neck, loc. sing, of gala
(§ 25 ;) Ahma^-ne, Ahmak, the agent of puchha, asked (§ 65 ;)
jagkar, having awoke, past conjunctive participle of jag-na;
puchha, asked, past tense of the active transitive verb puchh-
na, not agreeing with its agent (Ahma£-ne) nor with its object,
which is not a word in the nominative, but a sentence, (he asked
" who am I?") and hence appearing in the 3d pers. mas. sing.
(§ 65;) ki, that, viz., or as follows, aconj. introducing a reported
speech ; tu, thou ; hai, art (§ 45 ;) Ahmak bin Habbana&, proper
name ; pas, then; kaun, who? huw, am (§45;) maiw, /.

8

TRANSCRIPT OF THE FIRST PARAGRAPH OF THE
STORY IN THE DEVANAGARI CHARACTER.

Ek raja, Pratapamukutf nam, Banaras ka tha; aur us-ke
befe-ka nam Bajramuku^; jis-ki rani-ka nam Mahadevi. Ek
din wuh, apne diwan-ke befe-ko sath le, shikar-ko gaya, aur
bahut dur jangal-mew ja-nikla; aur us-ke bich ek sundar talab
dekha, ki us-ke kinare ha/zs, chakwa chakwi, bagle, mur^/ta-
biyfm, sab-ke-sab, kalol-me^ the. Charo?^ taraf puMta gba^
bane-hu'e ; kawwal talab-mera phule-hu'e ; kinaron-par tarab-ba-
tarab-ke daraMt lage-bu'e, ki-jin-ki gbani ghani chbaww-mew
ih&ndi ^hanc?i hawa'ew atiyara-thm ; aur pancbbi pakheru dara&A-
tow-par cbabcbaboTz-mew the ; aur rang~ba-rang-ke phul ban-me/z
pbul-rahe-the ; un-par bhaurarorc-ke jhunc?-ke-jhun6/ gunj-rahe ;
ki ye us talab-ke kinare pahunche, aur, hath nniwh dhokar,
upar aye.

TRANSCRIPT OF THE LITHOGRAPHED LETTERS IN
THE TA"LIK AND SHIKASTA CHARACTER.

No. I.

G/iarib-nawaz, salamat ! <-

Kal, ba-sabab barish-ke, maiw huzur-i "all mew
pahunch na-saka; aur kal bhi fursat na-hogi kyu?zki mujhe
kisi-dost-ke yaha?z jana hai : — umedwar huw ki yih do din mujhe
mu'Tif-rakhiyega: — in-sha'a-llahu ta"ala, parsow, kh'ah ma-M'ah,
hazir(iliungri . Ziyada hadd-i adab.

No. II.

jK7mdawand-i m"mat, salamat !

ka'I hafte hu'e ki char hazar rupai, is-

pargane-ke mahsul-kl babat, ShaiM Imam BaMsh jam"-dar-ki
rna"rifat, huzur-i pur-nur-mera bheje-ham ; aur ab-tak rasid us-
ki huzur-i faiz-ganjur-se is-fidwi-ko nahm pahunchi : — is-liye
kamal tashwish lahiA-i hal hai : — ummed ki jaldi-se do kalime,
mab\agh-i mazkur-ki rasid-me^, irAam-farma'iye, ki is-haksar-
ki khatir jam" ho.

No. III.

nawazish-farmane-wale, salamat !

shau£ mulakat ka aisa nahm-hai jo likhne-ke Aabil
ho : — 7£7iuda-ki dargah-mew, rat din, du"a-manga-karta-huw ki
ko'I aisa sabab ho, jis-se, jaldi, Mair o khubi-ke sath, didar
ap-ka muyassar a'e : — janab-i "ali-se tawa^u" yun hai ki
hamesha mulakat-ke hasil-hone-talak is dost-dar-ko Matt likha-
karew ; aur, jo kuchh kam Midmat is mulk-mew ho, be-takalluf
tahrir-farmawew, ki main, apni sa"adat jankar, ba-j

No. IV.

Nauwab-i nam-dar, salamat !

ap-ka ^^at, ghorow-ki talab-mew, pahuncha,
aur is hakir-ko sar-faraz-farmaya. fidwi-ne, ^^att-ke pahunchte-
hi, harkare, talash-ke' liye, ja-ba-ja bheje : — chunanchi char
ghore, bahut Masse, asil, be-"aib, hazar rupai-ko, ek jagah-
se hath-a'e ; aur un-ko huzur-i "ali-me^ irsal-kiya ; aur char
sa'is un-ke sath kar-diye. ummed ki jis-wa&t we huzur-me?z
pahunchew, us-wa^t sarkar-ke munshiyon-ko hukm howe ki un-
ki rasid fidwi-ko likhew. Ziyada hadd-i ad&b.

10

FAMILIAR PHRASES, TO BE COMMITTED
TO MEMORY.

I.

How are you to-day ?
How is your honour's health ?
Praise be to God !
It is very good.
Health to your honour !
Salutation !
I present my services.
I make prayer (for you.)
Good-by, (or, God be your")
protector.) \

aj turn kaise ho ?
ap-ka mizaj kaisa hai ?
alhamdu lillah !
bahut achchha hai.
hazrat salamat !
salam !

bandagi "arz-karta hurc.
du"a karta him.

hafiz.

ii.

Who are you ?
What is your name ?
What do you want ?
Where do you stay ?
What do you say ?
Who is that?
Bring water for drinking.
Take care !
Be careful.

turn kaun ho ?
tumhara nam kya hai ?
turn kya chahte ho ?
turn kahaw rahte ho ?
turn ky& kahte ?
wuh kaun hai ?
pine-ka pan! la'o.
Mabardar !

ho.

III.

What is your command ?
Shut the door.
Open the door.
Light the lamp.
Extinguish the candle.
Don't forget.
Remain silent.
There is no end of thy")
chattering. j

hukm kya hai ?
darwaza hand-karo.
darwaza kholo.
chiray/i jala'o.
batti bujha'o.
bhuliyo mat.
chup raho.

tere bakne-ki intiha nahm.

IV.

Don't make a noise.

Come near.

Go quickly.

No matter.

Say that again.

Speak easy Hindustani.

What is this ?

Call for the palanquin.

Has your master risen ?

shor mat karo.

nazdik a'o.

jaldi ja'o.

kuchh muzayaka nahiw.

wuh phir kaho.

sails Hindustani bolo.

yih kya hai ?

palki manga'o.

sahib urtia hai ?

V.

Go out of the house.
Wash your hands.
Bring a little cold water.
What sort of animal is this ?
Bring the inkstand, pen

and paper.

Who is that European ?
Whose horse is that ?
Whose house is this ?
What is the hour ?

ghar-se niklo.
apne hath dho'o.
thora-sa fhanda pan! la'o.
yih kaunsa j an war hai ?

dawat kalam ka^/iaz la'o.

wuh Gora kaun hai ?
wuh kis-ka ghora hai ?
yih kis-ka ghar hai ?
ghari kya hai ?

He is a blockhead.

Go away.

You are dismissed.

Bring some wine and- water.

I am not at leisure.

Listen !

Can you speak English !

VI.

wuh be-wukuf hai.

chale-ja'o.

ruMsat hai.

kuchh sharab pam la'o.

fursat nahirc.

suno !

turn Angrezi bol-sakte ho ?

Where shall we stop to-night ? aj-ki rat ham kahaw rahenge ?

VII.

Seek for it. us-ko dhundho.

Is any thing for eating and waharc kuchh khane-pme-ki chiz

drinking to be got there ?
What is the matter ?
I don't know, (or, it is not")

known to us.) J

What is the name of this village ?
What is the price of this ?

~v

hamare hath bechoge ?

Will you sell it to me, (or, 1
into my hand ?) J

Certainly, sir.

milti hai ?
kya hai ?

ham-ko ma"lum nahiw.

is-basti-ka nam kya hai ?
is-ka mol kya hai ?

albatta, sahib.

VIII.

Do you smoke ?

Make haste.

Is this horse Arabian, Persian,

or English ?
Enough !

It is the same thing.
Speak slowly.
Speak distinctly, (separating

your words,) then I shall

understand.

turn hukka pite ?

jaldi karo.

yih ghora Tazi, ya Farsi, ya

Angrezi hai ?
bas!

ek-hi h3i.
rah-rahke bolo.
bol bol juda kar bolo, to ham

samjhenge.

13

IX,

Where is your native country ?

Not to interrupt you, (or, ~)
pardon the freedom.) J
[e is a great rogue.

Speak without ceremony.

He speaks fluently.

He tells me one story, and you
tell me something quite dif-
ferent.

Would to God that I could
speak to them myself !

tumhara watan kahara hai ?
gustaA/u mu" af.

wuh saMt badzat hai.

be takalluf bolo.

wuh salasat-se bolta.

wuh mujh-se ek bat kahta hai,

aur turn kuchh aur hi kahte

ho.
kash ki maw ap un-se bol-

sakta !

ARTICLES OF WAR.

THE following are some of the most important of the articles of
war. The Hindustani version was made, under the directions
of Major-General Sir Robert Abercrombie, in 1796.

SECTION II. — ARTICLE 2.

jo-ko'i bara ya chhotfa "uhde-
dar ya sipahi be-adabi kare
general ya kisu bare sardari
fauj ke hakk-mew ; ya bat kahe
ki-jis-se be-wakri ya anuksan
un-ka ho-sake, tau wuh apni
taksir-ke muwafik saza pawega,
lashkari "adalat ya"ne court-
martial ki tajwiz-se.

Any officer or soldier who
shall behave himself with con-
tempt or disrespect towards the
general, or other commander -
in-chief of the forces, or shall
speak words tending to his hurt
or dishonour, shall be punished
according to the nature of his
offence, by the judgment of a
court-martial.

SECTION II. — ARTICLE 3.

ko'I "uhde-dar ya sipahi jo apne
risale-mew, ya company, ya
palten, ya regiment mew, ya
aur-kisirisale ya company men,
ya lashkar-mew, ya kisi ta"m-
ati-par, ya thane-par, ya chauki
pahre-par, kisu sabab-se kuchh
danga ya fasad shuru"-kare, ya
machawe, ya sharik kisi fitne-
men ho we, tau wuh mara-ja'ega
jan-se, ya aisi saza pawega
jaisi court-martial tfiahrawe.

Any officer or soldier who shall
begin, excite, cause, or join in
any mutiny or sedition in the
troop, company, or regiment, to
which he belongs, or in any
other troop or company in the
service, or on any party, post,
detachment, or guard, on any
pretence whatsoever, shall suf-
fer death, or such other punish-
ment as by a court-martial shall
be inflicted.

SECTION II. — ARTICLE 4.

jo-ko'I chho^a bara "uhde-dar
ya sipahi, kisi dange ya fasad-
merc hazir hoke, apne makdur
bhar usi-ko maimed na-kare ;
ya kisu dange ya us-ke irade-se
wakif hoke, trunt apne sardar-
ko is-ki Mabar na-pahunchawe,
tau saza us-ki court-martial ki
tajwiz-se katl hoga, ya aur-
tarah-ki tambih apni taksir-ke
la'ik pawega.

Any officer, non-commissioned
officer, or soldier, who, being
present at any mutiny or sedi-
tion, does not use his utmost
efforts to suppress the same, or
coming to the knowledge of
any mutiny, or intended mu-
tiny, does not without delay
give information thereof to his
commanding-officer, shall be
punished by a court-martial
with death or otherwise, ac-
cording to the nature of his
offence.

15

SECTION II. — ARTICLE 5.

ko'i"uhde-dar ya sipahi joapne-
se bare ya kadim "uhde-dar-ko
mare, ya talwarus-par khainche,
ya khaincha-chahe, ya kisii
hathyar-ko utfhawe, ya kisi
tarah-ki zabardasti namud-
kare, kisu hujjat-se ; ya apne-
se bare ya kadira "uhde-dar-ka
ko'I wajibi hukm na-mane, tau
wuh mar-c/ala-ja'ega ; ya aur-
ko'I aisi siyasat jo us-ke gunah-
ke muwafik hogi, court-martial
ki tajwiz-se us-ko di-ja'egi.

Any officer or soldier who shall
strike his superior officer, or
draw, or offer to draw, or shall
lift up any weapon, or offer
any violence against him (being
in the execution of his office,)
on any pretence whatsoever,
or shall disobey any lawful
command of his superior officer,
shall suffer death, or such other
punishment as shall, according
to the nature of his offence, be
inflicted upon him by the sen-
tence of a court-martial.

SECTION V. — ARTICLE 1.

sab-ko'I "uhde-dar, ya sipahi,
jo talab pake, ya apne nam lik-
hakar dastur muwafik naukari-
mew, phir us-se jo bhagera aur
yih sabit ho, tau un-ki saza
maut hogi, ya aur-ko'I siyasat
jaisi court-martial se tfhahra'i-
ja'egl.

All officers and soldiers who,
having received pay, or having
been duly enlisted in the ser-
vice, shall be convicted of hav-
ing deserted the s.ame, shall
suffer death, or such other pun-
ishment as by a court-martial
shall be inflicted.

SECTION V. — ARTICLE

jo hawal-dar, ya aur-ko'i chho^a
"uhde-dar, ya sipahi, apne sar-
dar-ki ruMsat bina, apne risale,

Any non-commissioned officer
or soldier who shall, without
leave from his commanding-

16

ya company, ya kisi ta"xnati-se,
apne-la'm g^air-hazir kare, aur
yih us-par sabit ho, tau apm
taksir-ke muwafik saza pawega,
court-martial ki tajwiz-se.

officer, absent himself from his
troop or company, or from any
detachment with which he shall
be commanded, shall, upon
being convicted thereof, be
punished according to the na-
ture of his offence, at the dis-
cretion of a court-martial.

SECTION VIII. — ARTICLE g.

chahiye ki ko'i "uhde-dar na-
bachawe kisi karazdar-ko us-ke
mahajanow-se, sipahi hone-ki
hujjat-se : jo "uhde-dar is bat-
ka taksirwar Aahre court-mar-
tial men, naukri-se jawab pa-
wega.

No officer shall protect any
person from his creditors on
the pretence of his being a sol-
dier ; any officer offending here-
in, being convicted thereof be-
fore a court-martial, shall be
cashiered.

SECTION IX. — ARTICLE 1.

agar ko'i chho^a ya bara "uhde-
dar, ya sipahi, yih samjhe, ki
uske apne sardar, ya aur-kisu
"uhde-dar-ne us-par kuchhzulm
yabejakiya-ho, tau us-ko apne
regiment, ya risale, ya company
ke sardar-se is bat-ki nalish
karni hogi, aur us sardar-ko
chahiye isi a'inki ru-se, ki
court-martial ko jama"-kare
faryadi-ke insaf karne-ke liye.

If any commissioned officer or
inferior officer or soldier shall
think himself wronged by his
superior or other officer, he is
to complain thereof to the com-
mandyig-officer of the regiment,
troop, or company, who is here-
by required to summon a court-
martial, for the doing justice
to the complainant.

17

SECTION X. — ARTICLE 2.

jo ko'I hawal-dar ya aur-ko'i
chhofti "uhde-dar, ya sipahi
beche, ya jan-bujhkar ya gha-
flat-se, kharab-kare, wuhi barut
goli ya tote jo us-ko hawale
hu'e ham sirkar-ke kam-ko,
aur yih bat palfani court-mar-
tial men us-par tfhahre, tau wuh
jo chhoZa "uhdedar ho, sipahi-
ke darje-mew ake mar bhi kha-
'ega, jaisa ko'i-aur sipahi aisa
taksirwar mar khata hai, court-
martial ki marzi-se.

Whatsoever non-commissioned
officer or soldier shall be con-
victed at a regimental court-
martial of having sold, or de-
signedly, or through neglect,
wasted the ammunition deli-
vered out to him to be em-
ployed in the service, shall, if
a non-commissioned officer, be
reduced to a private sentinel,
and shall besides suffer cor-
poral punishment, in the same
manner as a private sentinel so
offending, at the discretion of a
regimental court-martial.

SECTION XI. — ARTICLE 1.

sab-ko'i hawaldar, ya aur-ko'I
chhofe "uhdedar, ya sipahi, jo
lashkar ke makam-se adh-kos-
par pa'e-jawew, bina apne sar-
dar-ki ruMsat-ki chichi ; tau
un-ko aisi tambih milegi jaisi
court-martial ki tajwiz-se Zhah-
ra'i ja'egi.

All non-commissioned officers
and soldiers who shall be found
one mile from the camp, with-
out leave in writing from the
commanding-officer, shall suf-
fer such punishment as shall
be inflicted upon them by the
sentence of a court-martial.

SECTION XL — ARTICLE 5.

jo-ko'i bara "uhdedar, aphi
chauki-pahre-par, ya ta"inati,

Whatever commissioned offi-
cer shall be found drunk on

18

yd, kisu-aur Midmat-par, hathi-
yar-bandhe-hu'ematwala paya-
jawe ; tau is bat-ke waste bar-
taraf hoga; au ko'i chho^a
"uhdedar ya sipahi jo aisa
gunah kare, eti mar kha'egl
jeti court-martial ki tajwiz-merc
rtiahra'i-ja'egi.

his guard, party, or other duty
under arms, shall be cashiered
for it; any non-commissioned
officer or soldier so offending,
shall surfer such corporal pun-
ishment as shall be inflicted by
the sentence of a court-martial.

SECTION XL— -ARTICLE 6.

ko'i sentry, ya"ne pahre-dar
sipahi, jo apne pahre-ki jagah-
par sote-hu'e pakra-jawe, ya
us jagah-ko chhore, ba-ka'ida
badli-ke age ; tau wuh katl-
hoga, ya aur-ko'I siyasat jaisi
court-martial tajwiz-kare waisi
pawega.

Whatever sentinel shall be
found sleeping upon his post,
or shall leave it before he shall
be regularly relieved, shall suf-
fer death, or such other pun-
ishment as shall be inflicted by
the sentence of a court-mar-
tial.

SECTION XI. — ARTICLE 12.

jo-ko'I "uhdedar, ya sipahi,
dushman-ke samhne kuchal
kare, ya be-^/iairati-se kisi
thane-ko jo nigahbam-ke waste
us-ke hawale hai chhor-jawe,
ya baten kahe ki-jin-se aur-log
waisi-hi kuchall karew, tau
chahiye ki wuh jan-se mara-
ja'ega.

Whatsoever oflicer or soldier
shall misbehave himself before
the enemy, or shamefully
abandon any post committed
to his charge, or shall speak
words inducing others to do the
like, shall suffer death.

19

SECTION XL — ARTICLE 18.

jo-ko'I dushman-se Matt-kita-
bat-ki ru-se, ya zabani "alaka
rakhe, ya ap kuchh AAabar
pahunchawe, ya kisu wasile-se,
aur yih bat sabit ho ; tau jan-
se mara-ja'ega, ya aur-ko'I
siyasat jo court-martial men
tfhahregi, so us-ko milegi.

Whosoever shall be convicted
of holding correspondence with,
or giving intelligence to the
enemy, either directly or indi-
rectly, shall suffer death, or
such punishment as by a court-
martial shall be inflicted.

SECTION XI. — ARTICLE 20.

agar ko'I "uhdedar, ya sipahi,
apne tfhane, ya nishan-ko
chhor jawe lu£-pa£-ki talash-
me/z, aur yih bat us-par court-
martial men tahkik-ho ; tau
wuh katl-hoga, ya aisi siyasat
pawega jaisi court-martial
rtiahrawe.

If any oiBficer or soldier shall
leave his post or colours to go
in search of plunder, he shall,
upon being convicted thereof
before a court-martial, suffer
death, or such other punish-
ment as by a court-martial shall
be inflicted.

SECTION XI. — ARTICLE 22.

lashkar-ke tamam baniye duk-
andar wa-^Aaire kunjre bha-
rtiiyare lage lipte, aur sab-ko'I
admi jin-ne fauj-ka sattt pakra,
go-ki likhe-hu'e sipahiyow-mew
we nahm haiw, tau bhi lashkari
a'm o ka'ide-se hukmow-ko
manna hoga unhew.

All suttlers and retainers to a
camp, and all persons whatso-
ever serving with the forces in
the field, though no enlisted
soldiers, are to be subject to
orders, according to the rules
and discipline of war.

SECTION XV. — ARTICLE 1.

chahiye ki upar-ki likhiw-hu'Iw
a' new ekbar har ek do mahlne-
ke "arse-mew parhi aur zahir-
ki-jawew, harek regiment, ri-
sale, pal&m, ya company ke
samhne jis-ki ginti hoti-ho ya
hone-ko hai naukari-mew ; aur
chahiye ki darobast "uhdedar
au sipahi, jo naukari-mew hu'e
ya ho'enge, sab a'mow-ko'>amal-
karew aur harf-ba-harf un-ko
mane/z.

The foregoing articles are to
be read and published every
two months, at the head of
every regiment, troop, or com-
pany, mustered or to be mus-
tered in the service; and are
to be duly observed, and ex-
actly obeyed, by all officers and
soldiers who are or shall be in
the service.

NOTE TO THE LEARNER.

The grammatical inflections in Hindustani are not numerous.
Those of the pronouns have been incorporated with the follow-
ing vocabulary : —

Among nouns, all inflected

plurals end in on

Most masculines in a or d,

substitute, in the oblique

cases of the sing., and in

the nom. pi. ... e

Feminine plurals end in . aw or en

The verbal terminations are — -

Of the past tense, or par-
ticiple, .... a (pi. e.fem. i.)
Present tense, or participle, . ta (pi. ie.fem. ti.)
Future-aorist, . . . uw, e, e; en, o, en
Future-definite, . . . uwga, ega, ega; ewge, oge, ewge.
Imperative 2d pers. pi. . o
Past conjunctive participle,

(" having done so and so,") e, ke, kar, karke, karkar.

By substituting the infinitive termination, na, for any of the
others, the verb will be reduced to the form in which it is to be
sought in the Vocabulary.

VOCABULARY-

NOTE —The letters, A, P, and S, prefixed to the words in the Vocabulary, indicate that the
words are either pure Arabic, Persian, and Sanskrit words, or forms of these, more or less
corrupted. It has been considered unnecessary (see Gram. § 2 6.) to use different forms
of English type to indicate the different kinds of s or #, &c. in the Vocabulary, where the
Oriental characters are in immediate juxtaposition with the English transcript.

S.

ab-tak, till

I. \ alif.
ab, now ; (
now.
P. L-*>1 ab, water.
A. +&\j>\ Ibrahim, Abraham.
S. ^^^ ab-hi, just now.
S. L-^ I ap, self, you Sir, his wor-
ship, &c. ; L--> I Jb L-->| ap-hi
ap, of his own accord.
S. UjJ apna (one's) own.

apne-ko, himself (ace. of
ap).
ati, very.

ufarna, to take down, or
take off.

S. \$J>\ utarna, to descend.
A. ^\£>\ ittifak, concurrence.
A. \s\&\ ittifakan, by chance.
H. llj) Una, thus much, as much as
this ; ittna, as much as that.
H. ^ J&\ atkal-pachchu, at f andom.
S. ^3'T ath, eight.
>S^. Ul^3'\ uthdria, to raise.
S. U^>\ uthna, to rise.
S. —I ajt to-day.
A. OjU-\ ijazat, permission, /.

S.

H. Cil3W\ achanak, suddenly.

S. \£>>\ achchha, good.

A. \>\Jx>\ ihtiyat, caution, /.

A. ^L->-l ihsan, beneficence.

A. (j?-\ ahmak, blockhead.

A. J\j->-^ ahwal, circumstances ;
(^^Tv J\5-=*-^ ahwal- pur si,
inquiry after one's circum-
stances, /.

A. b^)c&-\ ikhtilat, conversation.

A.j\uj&-\ ikhtiyar, choice, power.

A.^p-T akhir, at last.

A. C^p-T akhirat, futurity, the world
to come,/

A. (jo^W ikhJJas, affection.

S. ^b) udas, sorrowful.

A. (~J5\ adab, politeness.

P. >]jf$i adam-zad, man.

P. ^^T adml, a man.

H.jfc^\ idhar, hither, on this side ;
udhar, thither, on that side.

A. C*&\ aziyat, injury,/.

A. »$y irada, wish, intention.

P. dJU^T arasta, adorned, arranged.

P. AT aram, comfort, health.

J

P. jjj\ arzu, desire, /.

A. JU»^ irsal, act of sending ; irsal-

karna, to send.
A. +Sj\ irkam, act of writing ; ^r-

kam-karna, to write.
H. Ur^ argaja, a kind of perfume.
P. »^ arm, a saw.
& (jj\ are, Holla ! Sirrah !
S. 13 \J! urana, to cause to fly, -to steal.
5. \3,\ wrw«, to fly.
P. ayJT azurda, vexed ; jtU- a^jT

azurda-khatir, vexed in mind.
P. H. UUjT azmana, to try.
H. ^\ &, this ; us, that. (Inflected

forms.)

P. ^1^1 asaw, easy.
£ ^T asra, refuge, abode.
S. ^j-^T dsan, a seat, a posture

(adopted byjogis in their de-
votions).

P. a^T asuda, quiet, contented.
H. (^+*\ ise, to this ; use, to that,

or to him, or him.
S. (j~±**\ asts, benediction, /
A. *j&\ ishara, a signal.
P. U£aT ashna, an acquaintance.
S. ^l^ ashnan, bathing.
P. ^Ij&l ashna i, acquaintanceship.
P. e6L£j I ashiyana, a nest.
A. J-^ «5^, genuine.
A.j^l>\ atwar, manners.
A. &\ a"la, Most High.
A. ul*jl 5/aA calamity,/.

</

',, illuminating.

P. (jjy*J\ afsos, regret, alas !

P. yj~J\ afsun, fascination.

H. j#\ afim, opium, /.

H. Lg**?\ afimi, opium-eater.

P. \s~\ aka, master.

A. j£=>\ akbar, greatest ; name of
a Mogul emperor.

S. \-&i&=>\ ikatha, in one place (adj.)
aksar, often.

ukharna, to pluck up.

S. A +&&>\ akela, alone.

S. ^J\ ag, fire, /.

P. al^T agah, informed of, intelli-
gent; ^_j»l^T agah-tar, more
intelligent.

P.J\ agar, if.

S. LL^\ ugna, to grow.

S. ./! age, before ; in front.

A. J 1 al, progeny, f:

A. isjJ\ albatta, certainly.

A. Olfl-£-N iltifat, ^kindness, /.

H. U^.Vi)\ ulta-phirna, to turn back.

A. s*as&\ alkissa, in short.

H. U^M ulahna, complaint.

H. \JL^r^ uUchna, to bale.

A. (^£*\ imtihan, experiment.

P. <JU^jJw«T amad-o-raff, coming
and going, f.

A. \j*\ umara, nobles, or a noble.

A. J\y«^ amwal, riches.

P. Jo<\ ummed, hope, /.

P. jUjtx^ ummedwar, hopeful.

H.

amir-zada, a young
noble.

in, these ; un, those, them.
(Inflected forms.)
S. Jj 1 GW, having come (for I G).
£ bT GWG, to come. The sixteenth

part of a rupee.

A. (j^>\ ambari, a hauda or litter, /.
^^-jlfc jb L^jLjJ\ ambari-dar
hathi, an elephant bearing a
hauda.

S. Ifcjuo ^ an-bedha, unbored.
P.jjo\ andar, within.
andha, blind.

andheri, darkness, /.
j> jo\ andesha, thought, anxiety.
li ^ w shaallahu
tcTala, if it please God the
Most High.
\ iri'am, a present.

the eye, /.
ungti, a finger, /.

P.

A.

A.

S.

S. JoJT anand, joy.

inhon, these ; unhon, those,
he. (Honorific inflected forms
of yih and wuh.) ,

inhen, these, or to these ;
unhen, those, or to those.

P. ;^T awaz, sound, voice,/.
jj j

£ j>fj\ upar, up, upon, over.
£ *^j>fj\ uparla, upper.
H. \3Wy& ij^rj^ ojhal ho-jana, to be-
come concealed.

£ bj\ uda, brown.

H. \j\ aur, and, also ; more, other.

A. Jjl awwalan, at first.

A. &j\ auldd, offspring, /.

£ C-Oj^ unt, a camel.

P. »T ah, a sigh, alas !

P. jc~J&T ahiste, gently, slowly.

H. (j $\ oCe, they came; ai, she
came (from bT ana).

H. bT aya, he came (fro'm bT ana).

A. \ jo\ f^G, injury, /.

H. L*>\ awa, such.

H. ,<**>j aise, thus.

S. ckloj eA;, one. ,^J\ &\ eka-eki
or (Pjb CiiJoj ek-bargz, all at
once ; ^^o.^ ^-Ae, just one.

P. ^.^T am, regulation, rules.

P. &3ooT a ma, a mirror.

II. t^ BE.

P. b 6a, with.

P. eJ^?jb ba-wasf, notwithstanding.

A. L-^b bob, a chapter.

T. bb baba, father, Sir ! child ! bb

^U- baba jan, dear child !
A. Clob 6a6a^, on account, /.
H. <— ->b bap, father.
S. Ob ^G^ speech, word, affair,/.

£ \^>-b bajna, or U^3'\ —b baj-uthna,

^. '
to resound.

P. sUs^b badshah, a king.

P. <^&\%*5\>'badshahat, royalty,/.

P. ^bUi^b badshalw, royal.

p.
p.
s.

s.
p.

p.
p.

A.
A.
A.

S.

S.

S.

s.

H.
P

S.

p.

s.

H.

S.
S.

s.
s.

H.
H.
P.

S.

H.

JV V

rain, /.
, at least.

jb bar, edge (of a knife, &c.), /.
bjb barya, a whetter.
H. Lu^jb baz-rahna, to cease,

desist.

j^jb bazar, a market,
jjb bazu, the arm, the fold (of
a door).

bafin, the heart, mind.
bavis, cause, reason.

remaining ; bLJ&. j>b
rahna, to remain left.
^ balak-pan, childhood.
Ijob banta, share.

banchna, to read.
bandhna, to bind.
6«wc??, a female slave.
> bawar, belief; b^jjb bawar
karna, to believe.

bahar, outside.
^fcb bet-ham, together.
^jbb bayan, left (hand, &c.)
^ bafana, to point out.
J batua, a purse.

bithlana, to cause to sit.
JU: bajana, to play (on a mu-
sical instrument).
>jUi bicharna, to think.
>\£| bachana, to save.
J^s bachna, to escape.
£i bachcha, a young one.
i bkhhana, to spread.

5.
P.
P.
P.

A.

A.
P. A.
H.

H. \j>

S.
P.

H.

S.
S. »
S. fy
S. H.

P.

P. A
A.

£i bichhnd, to be spread.

bichhauna, bedding.
bakhra, portion.
i bakhshna, to give, forgive.
^flfc?, bad ; J^j 1 Jo bad-awaz,
ill-voiced ; Ote Jo bad-ztit,
villain ; jpu^ jo bad-finati,
ill-nature, /.

exchange.

, in exchange, in re-
turn for.
9 badan, the body.

jo ba-daulat, by means.
badhna, a vessel for drink-
ing water from.
bura, bad.
barabar, uniform, equal, alike.

Brahman, a Brahman.
bar-bad, (given) to the winds,
thrown away.

> barchhi, a spear, f.
> baras, a year.
birah, separation.
bara, great, large.
bWj? burha-pa, old age.
jJ barhana, to augment, extend.
'^ barhna, to increase, proceed.

burhiya, an old woman.
J*o uL/jJ^ buzurg-manishj noble-
minded.

.* ba-sabab, by reason.

(*^ bismi-l-lahi-
r - rahmani -r- rahim, In the

name of God the most mer-
ciful.

S. \JL*J basna, to dwell.

S. (Jy bish, poison.

A. JuO ba'd, after.

A. JouO ba'id, far.

P. (^Jo baghal, the arm-pit ; J-*-J
bb^ (jru« baghal men dabana,
to take under one's arm.

S. \f> bakra, a he-goat.

S. 3k6 6#g-J«, a crane.

S. Jj 6*7, a burrow.

A. ^J 6a/a, calamity, evil, /.

H. b^J bulana, to call.

P. &5Cb ' balkit moreover, but.

H. b\^b bulwana, to cause to call.

S. ^> billi, a she-cat.

H. \ joub balenda, a ridge-pole.

A. ^ dtw, son (of).

S. /.^ 6aw, a wood.

£ ^ 6m, without ; jjb ^b ^ 6m
c?awe joaw?, without eating or
drinking.

H. \JJ banna, to be made.

H. b\J^ banana, to make, adjust.

P. JoJ 6«wc?, a bond ; b^ JuJ 6aw<5?-
karna, or U^.^jJo band-kar-
dena, to bind, stop.

P. ^Jo^ bandagi, service, /.

P. »JsJj banda, a slave.

£ b \ybJuJ bandhwana, to cause to
be bound.

P. L^JOJ 6aw6?J, a female slave.

H.

P.

H.
P.
H.
H.

£
P.
£
H.

S.

H.

S.

P.
H.

S.
£
£
P.

8.
£
£
H.

£

banwana, to cause to be
made.

bujhna, to think.
t boriya, a mat.
6o^«, to speak, say.
a, by, with, in, to.

> bhagna, to flee.

bhant, manner, sort, /.
ty* bhai, brother.
^J bahut, much, many, very.
> bihtar, better, good, well.
bahutera, much.

bhijwana, to cause to send.
bhar, full, whole (added pleo-
nastically to words denoting
extent or duration).
bahra, deaf.
bharna, to fill.

^J bharbkunja, a man who
parches grain.

bihishti, a water-carrier.

> bahkana, to beguile.

Bhagwan, God.
bhala, good.
**&& bhalai, goodness, /.
ba-ham, together ; bl^rfcv ^
ba-ham pahunchana,to acquire.
bhor, dawn,/.
bhukh, hunger, /.

> bhulna, to forget, be misled.
bhaunra, a large black bee.
bhi, also, even.

b/iaiya, brother.

S.
H.
S.

S.
S.
H.

S.

p.

A.

S.
S.
H.
S.

bhttar, within.
$? bhejna, to send.
', a secret.
, a sheep, /.
j£> bheriya, a wolf.
', disguise.
bhena, sister*.

bhains, a she-buffalo.
be, without ; ^Uo>\ ^j, be-insafi,
injustice, /. ; ^=^ <j be-baki,
fearlessness, /. ; U
misplaced, improperly ;
be-chara, helpless ; ^
hijabt, immodesty (appearing
unveiled) ; j_^ Joj be-daregh,
unsparingly ; J J^JLJ be-dil,
heartless, sad ; J\j^j be-karar,
or Js ^ be-kal, uneasy ; ^
be - wukuf, ignorant ;
jo be-hosh, stupified.

\t explanation ; b^ ^\^
bayan-karna, to relate.
uJ byahna, to marry.
I, to pass, happen.
, a son.

H.

S.
S.
P.

baithria, to sit down.
(N. B. The past participle,
baitha, answers to our word
" sitting.")
> beti, a daughter.
>j bich in the midst, among.
? bechna, to sell.

Bedpay, Pilpay.

S.
H.
H.

S.
S.
S.
S.
S.

Birbal, a proper name.
J bis, twenty.
o bail, a bull.

bent, a handle.
byaura, explanation, detail.

S.
S.
H.

P.

S.

S.

S.

P.

III. (^ PE.
Ob /?«/, a throne.
^)*>b JOG*, near, beside.
jjb JDGW, betel-leaf.
Ub JOGWG, to get, find.
gJ\^panch, five.
(j^r'b panchwan, fifth.
^ J^b pan-dan, a betel-box.
Sb paniv, leg, foot.
b jt?«^^^, water, m.
) joa^o, a leaf.
> jow^r, a son.

^=Cb. patakna, to dash on the
ground.

c^, fifty.
gg pachchham, west.
Jkag pukhta, baked, solid.
j^«J^. Padmamati, name of a
princess.
, upon, but.

pradhan, a minister (of
state).

parson, the day after to-
morrow, the day before yes-
terday.

j). pargana, an inferior divi-
sion of a country.

P.
P.
P.

S.

£

S.

p.
p.

H.

S.
H,

(J*jjj>{parrvarish, nourishment,/.

a

H.

S.

S.
S.
H.

S.
S.
S.
S.

^ pareshan, perplexed.
U^jpflrwa, to fall.
13WJJ parhana, to cause to read ;
IJLfcj lfc^-J parha-rahna, to re-
main teaching to read.
Ufcjj parhna, to read.
\j»>fpas, then, therefore.
H. 131 J^i~4 pasand-ana, to be

approved, to please.
Uj&4 pukarna, to shout.
13 &. pakana, to' cook.

pakarna, to lay hold of.
(N.B. In pakre, Story 6th, the
second a is dropped by Rule
24. c.)

jso pakarwana, to cause to be
seized.

Jo pakwan, sweetmeats, vic-
tuals fried in butter or oil.
pakhal, a water-bag, /.
pakheru, a bird.
Pa8r^ a turban, /.
. pilaria, to cause to drink.

palang, a bedstead.
uo. panthy a road.
^H panchami, the fifth* day of
the lunar fortnight, /.

panchhi, a bird.
C-> juo pandit, learned.
b pankha, a fan.

, a bundle, /.

S. U-^£ puja, worship, /.
S. \ty>-£ puchhna, to ask.
S. \j^ pura, full ; \3^s»

karna, to fulfil.

P. d^J^) post, a poppy capsule.
P. (Jf*5^. joo5^, a sot, who intoxicates

himself with infusion of poppy

heads.

P. Cil^^ poshak, raiment, /.
S. U3l^v pahchanna, to recognise.
H.jftphir, again.
S. j^.pahar,&vrsLtch (of three hours).
H. 13^> phirna, to turn, walk about,

go round.

H. ^> pahla (or pahila), first.
H. ^^ pahle, at first.
<S. Ux^>. pahannai to put on (clothes).
£ ^^> pahnana, to cause to put on.
H. Ul^Tv pahunchana, to convey.
H. \J^hri pahunchna, to arrive.
£ llyJ^jj, phansna, to be entangled,
o^w/, a flower.
phulna, to blossom.
^er, again, back.
H. U^j^> phailana, to scatter.
£ \&*g>.phenkna, to throw ; CtlsJa^.

U>S phenk-dena, to throw away.
£ jU) joyar, fondness.
£ \^U> pyara, beloved.
P. a3L> piyala, a cup.
£ ^joo. pithy the back, /.
£ U^jkA) paithna, to penetrate, enter.
£ \££v pichha, the rear, pursuit.

8 )

S. ^^ pichhe, after.

S. j£ pit-, pain, /

P. jo pir, an old man ;

murshid, Venerable Sir !
P. JjuJ paigham, a message. .
P. ^U JL> paiman, a promise.
5. \JLx-> jt?ma, to drink ; IjUo

hukka pina, to smoke a pipe.
S. CijuLJ pmak, intoxication and

drowsiness from opium, /.

IV. O TE.

P. »j\3 taza, fresh.
P. «3bj\3 taziyana, a whip ; eobj\3
13.1/c taziyana-marna, to scourge.
P. L-$\3 #z/a6, a pond.
A. J*\!> taammul, reflection.
£ u^ tab, then (#ofo.) ; ^^^ tabhi,
then indeed, at that very time ;
^*A i^c+i tabhi se, thence-
forth."

sjj£ tajriba, experience.
Usi tajna, to abandon.

tujh, thee (inflected form).
2 tujhe, thee, or to thee.
tahrir, writing, /. ; ^j^
tahnr-karna, or (respectfully)
OUjJj-^ tahrir-farmana, to
write.

P. &Ia2 takhta, a plank.
5. JO toe?, then.

tadbir, deliberation, con-
trivance, prudence, /.

A.
S.
H.
H.

S.

A.
S.
A.
A.
A.

H.
A
A.

A.

S.

S.
S

p.

A.
A.

A.
A.

S.

H.
A.
P.
H.

tarbiyat, education, /. ;
> tarbiyat-karna, to
educate.

quickly.

trisul, a trident,
o tis, that (inflected form).
J tasalU, consolation, /.
tise, that, or to that.
> tashmsh, distraction,/
^liuo ta'zim, respect, /.
-xLo tcPUm, tuition, /.
j taksir, fault,/.
tak, till, up to.
,^=i) takrar, an altercation, /.
i«fli^=o takalluf, ceremony.
\.;<::a!> takna, to look, watch.

talash, search, /.
talwar, a sword, /.
^> tale, down, under.
J> ^»i, you.

tamacha, a blow.
tamasha, a sight, fun.
P- Ci^ {J**^+* tamash-bm, a spec-
tator.
*W> tamam, entire, all.

p tamassuk, a note of hand,
a bond.

tumhara, your.
tumhen, you, or to you.
tfm, those (inflected form),
^xi) tambura, a drum.
&JL> ^awa, a stem.

tinhen, those, or to those.

y to or tau, then.
S. y tu, thou.

A. £*^y tarvazu\ civility, /
H. J}-*^> to£r«, the bag in which

horses eat their corn.
H. U:y tora, a purse (of IGOO rupees).
S. ^jy torna, to break.
A. *£y tawakku\ hope, /

£ UJ fttfwa, to weigh.
j

S. ^y ton or fa^m, then.

H. l$!i ^a, was.

A. CU^3 tuhmat, imputation,/.

H. ^:^> thord, a little, small.

H. ^2$ the, were ; thi, was, /.

H. ^ju^ thaild, a purse.

^..Ui taiydr, ready.

, an arrow ; .

mama, to let fly an arrow,

or to hit with an arrow.
P. {J$&\J(P fir-andazz, archery,/.
H. \jfJ tera, thy.
P. jjO ^5;, sharp ; ^ jO tez-fahm, of

acute intellect.
H. UJL> torn, such.
S. ,Jj5 te^, an oilman.
S. ^jo ^m, three ; ^y^> /Jwow, all

three.

b

CEREBRAL TE.

H.

, leg, /.

«, to be broken.
thakur, a Rajput lord.
a residence.

H. J^jk^5 thathol, a wag.

H. U)^3 tahalna, to ramble.

H. \ Ju^3' thandd, cold.

H. ^^>' thahrdnd, to fix, appoint.

H. U-^AJ* thaharnd, to stop, be fixed.

VI. - JIM.

P. W ^a, a place, /.

P. UjW ja-baja, everywhere.

S. U^U- jagna* to awake.

P. ^W JGW, life, soul, f.

S. UU- ^ana, to go ; Uj^ liJU- jafa

rahna, to remain going, or to

go entirely away.
S. l£U- janna, to know, think ; eo

l^Jb ^^r U^ ^ V Wflf janiye

kyd kuchh hoga, we cannot tell

what all may be.
P. \y>\=? jdnwar, an animal.
S. i^f^jab, when ; C*Jo ^s>-jab tak,

till when, as long as ; «--*?•

u^j eo jab na tab, now and

then, perpetually.
H. Ul?- ^7w«, as much as.
P. ^Jo- juda, separate.
S. (j^-jis, whom, which. (Inflected

form.)

S. •-•-•7- y/^ft whom, or to whom.
H. '^- jagah, a place, /.
P. jb- jald, quick.
P. ^^-jaldi, quickness,/.; quickly.
S. UL>- jalna, to burn.
6

10

H.
' A.

A.

, collection ;

, to assemble.
A. P. .\i> ..*.-,«,. 7- yam" ^ar, a native
officer of the army so called.
jin, whom. (Inflected form.)
U^- janab, majesty, /. ; t-^lo-
Jk&janabi^ali, Your sublime
Majesty.

jins, species, /.
S. J^i>- jang alt a forest.
S. J«>. janam, birth ; jjJU^ J^^
janamghunti, a medicine given
to new-born infants, /.
H. (jj^?- jinhofi, who. (Honorific

inflected form.)

H. ij^r jinhen, whom, or to whom.
S. y> jo, who ; jo or y«^, if, when ;

(^^ 'y> jo koz, whoever.
A. L-^^ jawab, an answer.
P. ^3^ jawani, youth, /.
A.jfc\y> jawahir, jewels.
H. jjj>~ joru, a wife.
^9. ^^- jora, a suit (of clothes).
S. \yjy>- jorna, to join.
S. ^Lfj>- jog, fit.

r jogi, a devotee.

jaun, who ; yo/i or jaun, as,
when.

Jaunpur, name of a city.
> jaunsa, such as.

a bush;

jhar jhur, a thicket, /.
P. l-?- jahan, the world ;

H.

»\JL> jahan panah, Asylum of

the world, Your Majesty.
S. (L+$>- jhat, quickly.
H. £%>• jhatka, a shake, jerk.
H. ^j^^>- jhagarna, to quarrel.
H. Ul£-=»- jhalna, to fan, to move to

and fro as a fan.
H. iju^r jhund, a swarm.
S. ^jtyr jhuth, false, falsehood.
H. ^jQfr jholi, a wallet, /.
8. i^> fij life, mind, m.
H. '^ji, Sir.
S. fQg J! A •>• ^VM, the second Hindu

month (May — June).
S. \ **..»>• jaisa, such as.
/S*. \^*s~ jma, to live.

VII. - CHIM.
CE.

P.

P.
P.
P.

U c^ar, four ; ^j
ankhen, or ^.^j
nazren, the eyes of two per-
sons meeting.

eob^W charpaya, quadruped.
c^VW charpai, bedstead,/.
cA5/5A», celerity, /.

the moon.

chandm, moonlight,/.
Jy W chanwal rice.
LiLihW chahna, to love, wish.
(N. B. In Story 14, the aorist
of this verb is used for the
present.)

chahiye, it is necessary.

( 11 )

chabena, parched grain.
H. u^uss- chup, silent ; <— «>b

chup chap, silently.
chity mind, heart.
chatur y clever.
S- c£*lr^ chaturaty cleverness,/.
S. ^f>- charana, to feed (cattle).
P. \^j>- charkha, a spinning-wheel.
8. 13^- chirnciy to be split or sawn.
8. ^j »>• chirwana, to cause to be torn.
H.jl*^- chin-mar, a bird-catcher.
H. U,5tf*- chuktiay to be finished.
AS*. \j£^>- chakwa, a ruddy goose ;

/<??ra. L£^?" chakrdl.
H. U^»- chugna, to feed.
& ^^»- chalana, to set a going.
& UU- chalna, to go ; Ul ^

GW«, to come along ; 13 U-

chala jana, to go along, or to

go away.

H- U>- chunna, to gather, arrange.
P. &^^>- chunanchiy so that.
S. llX»- chintay thought, anxiety, /.
P. Jo>- chand, how many ? several.
S. (jjo^>- chandan, sandal -wood.
S. J\ j^_JL_s*. chandaly a man of the

lowest Hindu caste, a wretch.
H.^I»- changer, a flower-pot, tray,/
H. \y>- choa, a kind of perfume.
8. ( ***>.•,?- chaub'tSy twenty-four.

chau-paya, a quadruped.
chaudciSy the fourteenth

day of the lunar fortnight, /

8. <j^j>- chon, theft,/.

H. C^J^- chauk, a market.

H. (^-^»- chaukasl, watchfulness,/.

8. O-^-5^-»- chaukhaty door-frame,

m. or/.
5. I^^S^- chau-ghara, a box (with

four partitions) for holding

perfumes.

S. \^j>- chulhuy a fire-place.
H. U_£j^ chaunknay to start up.
H. Ifcj*. chuha, a rat, mouse.
*S*. d^s>. cA^«, six.
H. JJ\4>- .chhafi, breast, /.
S. y\^>- Man, roof, /.
S. j>\-b>- chhanw, shadow, /.
H. l^Vx^ chhipanay to hide.
H. \ I t ^ >. chhipna, to be hidden, to

lurk.
H. l3lLxJl^- chhatpatana, to tumble

about.

S. ^54^-5- chhathly a religious ce-
remony performed on the

sixth day after child-birth, /.
P. V^#v" chahchaha, warbling.
S. \3^J^=>- chhidanay to perforate.
H. UfeV^>. chhirakna, to sprinkle.
S. \J\jj fa f chhurwanuy to cause to

let go.

S. \Jj$>- chhota, little.
S. t^4*. chhutna, to abandon.

s- c^/tor, edge, end.
chhorrw, or U>

dena, to quit, let go.

H. ]/j&>- chhokra, a boy.

P. jg>. chiz, a thing,/.

S. *&£>• chela, a disciple, servant.

H. <j- chain, tranquillity.

VIII. HE.

A. eo^W hadisa, an incident.

A. H. Uj_fc J-^W hasil-hona, to be
obtained.

A.^oU- hazir, present.

A. JU- ^o/, condition.

A. CJW M/fl^, condition, /.

A. ^ ,M,. A r>- habsfw, an Abyssinian,
Negro.

A. L-^U?' ^z)a6, modesty, a veil.

A. Jo- Mcfc?, boundary.

A. (jof* hirs, greediness, /.

A. CLs£z>js~ harakat, motion, ges-
ture, /.

A. u^U-s*- hisab, a reckoning.

A. Oj o **• hazrat, presence, Ma-
jesty, /

A.J^OP- huztir, presence.

A. H. (jfcjo ^j>- hakk-men, in re-
spect to.

A.^a*- hakir, contemptible.

A. C* a, A-fl->- hakikat, truth, narra-
tion, state, /.

A. Jo- Aw#w, a command.

A. ^5o- hakim, a sage, physician.

A. V- hairan, confounded.

A.
A.

P.
P.
A.

P.
P.

A.
P.
P.
A.
A.

-^-
A.

P.
P.
P.
A.
A.
A.
P.
P.
A.

P,

P.
P.
P.

IX.

khassa, excellent.
khatir, the mind ;
>• khatir-jam\ content,/.
khak, the earth,/.
khaksafy humble.

empty ; ,$->Vfc ^Jli-

empty-handed.
khanddn, family.
khawind, master.
khabar, intelligence, /.
khuda, God.

khudawand, master.
khidmat, service,/.
P. A&o Jo- khidmat-gar, a servant.
kharabi, mischief, mishap,/.
khirad, wisdom, /.
khar-gosh, a hare.
'*- kharidna, to buy.
khwhki, dry land, /.

khaslat, disposition, /.
khasam, a husband.
las- khatt, a letter, epistle.
\SL'S~ khafa, angry.
y>- Mo, custom, disposition,/.

khawassi, the place where
one sits behind a great man
on an elephant.

ktiah-ma-ktiah, nolens
volens, certainly.
t>\y>- kfiahan, desirous.
ktiahish, desire, /.
khub, good.

H.

P.
P.
P.

P.

khubi, goodness, pleasant-
ness, /.
Mud, self.

khurak, food,/.
>- khush, pleasant ; J^T ^J*^-
khush-awaz, pleasant-voiced.

kTiMsKi, joy,/., joyfully.
A. JVx*- khayal, imagination.
A.<-^>- khair, happiness,/.; a
A OVg»- khair at, charity,/.

P.
P.

P.
P.
H.

P.

S.

X. 3 DAL.

Dabishtim (proper name).
\jb Dara Shukoh (proper
name).

cb dagh, a mark, scar.
,*b dam, a net.
*b dam, the twenty-fourth part

of a paisa.
13 b dana, sage.

f, a tooth ; (jvo ^^b
danton men ungU
dena, to put the finger between
the teeth, to be amazed.
<6b dana, corn.

dahna, right (as opposed
to left) ; (^.^ <^-fc^ dahne
baen, to the right and left

dabana, to press down,
dar, a door, in ; (Jȣ ,\5 dar-
pesh, in front.

dirakht, a tree.
dumst, right ; d^-*O

S.
P.
P.

P.
P.
P.
P.
P.

S.
P.
P.
P.
A.

A.
A.

S.

S.
P.
P.

H.

durust-kirdar't, recti-
tude of conduct, /
darshan, interview.
dargah, threshold, palace, /.
darmanda, helpless, des-
titute.

j^ dar-miyan, in the midst.
darwaza, door.

darwesh, dervise, beggar.
o dory a, sea, river.

lo daryaft, discovery, /. ;
I3y& C^b^3 daryaft-hona, to be
discovered.
, ten.

dastgin, aid, patronage,/.
dasht, a desert.
dushwar, difficult.
du'a, benediction, prayer, /.
L£— LjU l^-i du^a-mangm, to
pray.

dafa, one time, /.
Jp ^'M, trouble ; I3y& J3 efe'M-
hona, to be vexed.
dukh, pain, grief.
dukhra, misfortunes ; U)\
f ^^ «/>»« dukhra
kiya-karti-hun, I am occupied
with my own cares.

dikhlana, to shew.
s <&7, heart, mind.
H. <jb du-latti, a kick with the

two hind legs, /.
«b dulJuui, a bride.

p.

p.

S.
A.

P.

S.

S.
S.

S.

p.
p.

S.

p.

A.
A.

S.
H.

A.
H.

S.

S.
S.

+5 dam, breath ; \JJ£ *3 «&w» deria,
to leave to simmer or stew ;
Ul^O atom khana, to be si-
lent and crestfallen ; \jj *3
efaw few«, to take breath, rest.
+5 dum, tail, /.
<j$ Gfrw, day.

dunya, the world, / ; UJ>
)te dunya-dari, worldliness,/.
3 do-atasha, double-distilled.
^ rfi/eM, milk ; ^^L). »3ji
dudh-pilat, a wet-nurse.
j3 ^M-/1, distance,/., far.
j^ daurana, to cause to run.
S daurna, to run.
^J> e?0s£ or ^^Jo^j^ dost-dar,
a friend.

c?^^, friendship, /.
dusra, second, other.
dufcan, a shop,/.

wealth, prosperity,/.
daulat-mandy rich.
don on, both.

dhandhal-pana, chica-
nery.

dharna, to place.
dahshat, fear,/.
dhakka, a jolt.

dhulwana, to cause others
to wash.

jjb3 d/iobin, a washer-man's
wife.

, a washer-man.

P.

S.
£

S.
5.
S.

H. j*y^^ dhum, a tumult, /.

5. Uybi d/tona, to wash.

5>. Ufci dfiiya, daughter.

S. ^U^^ dhyan, meditation.

S. (jS dl, gave or given. (Past

tense or participle fern, of Uo

dena.)
S. bi </f^a, gave or given. (Past

tense or. participle masc. of

5.

S.
H.
H.
H.

6>, please to give. (Resp.
imp. of \JJ»t^ dena.)
>5 dzdar, sight.
J>.i der, delay,/, late.
des, country.

des-nikala, banishment.
dekhna, to see.

to give.
5 dew, a god.
>5 dmar, a wall,/.

diwan, tribunal, divan, mi-
nister of state ; \jeb»> ^j-?.^
diwani k/mss, privy- council
chamber.
£3 diwana, mad.

£ CEREBRAL DAL.
c?«r/w, beard,/.
dakim, a witch. -
«, to throw.
, a small box, /.

, a very small box, /

S. \3Jj3 daranut to frighten.

^ ( 1

& \3y5 darna, to fear.

& lL*»S dasna, to bite or sting (as

a venomous animal).
H. \jy3 dalwana, or UpJ^yS dalwa-

dena, to cause to be thrown.
H. \JJ>j'S dubna, to dive ; \3W L-^j'5

dub-jana, to be drowned.
& .J j'i #We, a sedan, /.
H. <cj!W3 dhari, a minstrel ; (jj&'i

s*-g dhari-bachcha, a young

minstrel.

H. {J'y* 5 dihuri, threshold, /.
H. Ciiiy&5 d/wlak, a drum, /
S. Uj&joyo dhundhna, to seek.
H. sV£ rfcrA, one and a half.

XL i ZAL.

A. JJ)i «a^, innate.

A. .ji 5;a6^, slaughter, /. ;

zabh-karna, to slaughter.
A. »ji zarra, a little.

A.

A.

sagacity.

XII. J RE.

raft night,/.

j ratib, ration, daily allow-
ance of food (to animals, par-
ticularly dogs and ele'phants).
V raj, sovereignty, kingdom.
In compos., royal ; e.g.
raj-putr, a prince ;
raj-putrii a princess ; _.o -\
raj-kaj, business of govern-

A.
P.

A.

S.
P.

P.

S.
S.
A.
S.
A.
A.

H.
P.
A.

S.
P.
A.

S.

S.

P.
P.

P.

ment ; .Vt ^"^V raj-kumar, or
^JJU^ ruj-kuhwar, a prince ;
LJ^J-^ raj-kanya, a princess.
a^aft repose,/.
rasft right ; ^^j^ C^»^
rast-got, speaking truth,/.

razz, satisfied.
rantt queen, princess.
raA, road, /. ; U^5o.^ »^ rah-
dekhna, to expect.
t\j rah-gir, traveller.
j rae, prince.

rupai, rupee. (Inflected form.)
j rutba, rank, degree.
>j rijMna, to please.
rahm, compassion.

rukhsat, dismission, per-
mission to depart, /. ; rukhsat-
hona, to take one's leave.
j rassa, a rope, cable.
rasta, a road.
rasm, a custom,/.
rassl, a rope, cord.
rasid, a receipt, /.
j rifakat, society, /.
rafchna, to keep, place, have.
ramchera, a common ap-
pellation of a slave.
ramna, to roam.

ranjida, vexed ; ranjida-
khutir, vexed in mind.

randt, a woman.
S. i^JJj rang, colour, sort ; rang

ba-rang, or rang-a-rang, of

various sorts ; rang-mahall, an

apartment for festive enjoy-

ment.

P. (j^&j rangm, coloured.
P. *j\jj rawana, proceeding ; ra-

wana-fiona, to be despatched,

to go away.

P. jj^jj ru-ba-ru, face to face.
S. L^JJ ?*wp, form, beauty.
S. j^jj r£jt?«z, rupee. (Inflected

form.)
S. H^. r> rupiy<*> a rupee (a coin

worth two shillings).
S. ^Jj j roti, bread, /
P. jjj roz, day.
P. ^.^jj raushan, shining.
S. \3

j. 0w«, to weep.
P. (j*\&j rihai, liberation,/.
H. Ufcj rahna, to remain.
S. Ufr rijhna, to be pleased.

XIII. j ZE.

P. ^^j ^«n, lamentation, /.
P. c]j 2:0^^, a crow.
A. Jj\j zail, perishing.
P. ^bj zaban, the tongue,/.
P. ^j zakhm, a wound.

zamm, the earth, /.

r, effort.
poison.

ziyada, more ; Ju»

ziyada haddi adab, (to

A.

P.

S. U sa

S.
S.
P.
P.

A.

jS>.

S.
A.
P.

S.
P. H

£
£
S.

S.

write) more (would be to
transgress) the bounds of po-
liteness.

>\ zirak, sagacious.
zervar, ornaments.

XIV. ^ SIN.

sa, like. (Gram. §26./.)

sath, along with, a com-
pany.
sara, all.

^ sarhe, with a half.
^a,?;, apparatus.
saman, furniture.
samhne, in front.
5«»z/>, a snake.

sahukar, a great mer-
chant ; ^^j^JfcUj sahukar-
bachchi, a merchant's daughter.

a groom.

rm, a religious men-
dicant.

, all.

, a cause.

sabza, verdure ; J\\ *j£->*
sabza-zar, a meadow.

^, all. (Gr. § 37. 6.)
supurd-karna, to give
in charge.

satana, to vex.

«^«, seventeen.

stri, woman.

sajiina, to cause to prepare.

( n )

S.

S.
S.
S.

S.
S.

S.

S.
P.
P.
P.

P-
P.
A.
A.

S.
S.
S.
S.

sajna, to adjust ; j===>\s?* ^
saj sajakar, having completely
prepared.
sack, true, truth.
sac/icha, true, sincere.
siddh, success.

sidharna, to set off.
sudi, the light half of the
lunar month,/.
t* sir, the head.
*>3 sar, the head ; s^^3 s«n' re A,

the high road.
\j+* sira, extremity.

sarasima, confounded.
sar-anjam, conclusion.
sardar, a chief.
sar-faraz, exalted.
saza, punishment, /.

surface, /.

sd'adaf, happiness, /.
0/Vzr, journey.
sakna, to be able.

, happiness.
sikhlana, to teach.
«aMJ, a woman's female
friend.

salam, salutation.
salamaf, safety, jr.
*fl^, easy.
samana, to go into.
^rtrn^, a path, quarter, /.

samajhna, to understand,
think.

S.

S.

S.

S.

P.

^•
A.

^.

S.

samundar, the ocean.
samet, along with.
samain, time.
sunna, to hear.
sunar, a goldsmith.
13U — **5 sunana, to cause to
hear.

sundar (fern, sundari),
beautiful.

sandesa, a message.
sunsan, dreary.
singar, ornament.
sanwarria, to adorn.
sunne-wala, a hearer.
«, a hundred ; so, he, she,
it, that ; so.

\yj» satva, with a quarter. (Gram.
§ 59. «.)
sawar, a rider, riding.

H.

5.
H.

&
H.

a question, begging.
siwa'e, besides.
sochna, to reflect.
saudagar, a merchant.
sixteen.
to sleep.

silence, /.,- sunt
marna, to be silent.

, a pestle.
smhin, in front.
very well !

a handmaid.
, from, by, than.

S.
S.

S.

P.
P.
P.

S.
P.
P.

P.
P.
P.
P.
P.
A.
A.
P.
P.
P.
A.
P.

A*** sej, a couch, /.

( is )

A.

ser, a weight of about 2 Ibs. ;
sair, an excursion, /.
$>* sing, a horn.

XVI. ^ SHIN.

shabdsh, Bravo!
shakh, a branch, /
shadi, marriage,/.
sliastr, scripture.
sham, evening.
shah, a king, a title assumed
by fakirs.

rf shahzada, a prince.

shah-sawar, a good rider.
shayad, perhaps.
shitabi, haste, /.
shutur, a camel.
shakhs, person.

, agreement, bargain, /.
sharm, shame, /.
H. \3lcps sharmana, to be ashamed,
aja^ sharmanda, ashamed.
C/o'ofc shafakat, kindness,/.

shikar, hunting, game ;
shikar-band^ cords for tying
game ; shikar karna, to catch.
& shikari, a hunter.
shukoh, dignity, /
shor, noise.
shauk, eagerness.
shauhar, a husband.
shahr, a city.

P.
A.
P.

A.

A.
A.
A.

A.

A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.

£> shuhra, fame.

£* shahri, a citizen.
£a shaikh, an old man, a chief.
sher, a tiger.

XVII. (Jo SAD.

sahib, master, (in com-
pos.) possessed of; sahib ka-
ramat, endowed with miracu-
lous power ; sahib kamal, en-
dowed with perfection, a saint.

suhbat, society, /.
sadr, chief, supreme.

surat, form,/.

XVIII. u^> ZAD.

zarar, injury.
zarur, necessary.

XIX. 1> TO^E.

t-Jl^ talibu-rilm, a stu
dent, philosopher.

, cheerfulness, /.
, sort, /.

; side, towards, /.
falab, search, salary,/.

, mode, state.
tai, travelling.

XX. k ZO^E.

zahir, apparent.
A. (JUij^g zarafat, facetiousness, /.

XXI. £ "AIN.

A. ^j^ "arizt, accidental.

A. JJ>\P "akil, wise.

A. J\p "alctm, the world.

A. (J^- "all, sublime.

A. O^Lp "ibadat, devotion,/

A. C^Us- "ibarat, a trope, /

A. C^jf- "ibrat, warning,/

A. (~*sf' "ajab, wonderful.

A. eu^P "arsa, area, space.

A. (J0J& "arz, petition, representa-
tion, a respectful statement
or reply ; "arz karna, to re-
present ; "arz ki, he respect-
fully stated or replied.

A.J^P "aziz, dear, esteemed.

A. ,j-^ "ishk, love.

A. jk_£- "atr, perfume, ottar (of
roses, &c.) ; "atr-dan, a per-
fume-box.

A. Jjis- "akl, wisdom, / ; "aklmand,
wise.

A. ~*&& "ilaj, remedy.

A. »j^£- "alawa, besides.

A. j+£> "umr, age, /

A. (J-+2- Carnal, action.

A. Oj^£- "aurat, a woman.

A. (jof "iwaz, instead.

A. &<£> "a/id, a compact.

A. c-^ "aib, fault.

A. JoP "«?, a festival.

A. (J^p "aish, pleasure.

A. ,.*£• "am, exactlv-

A.

A.

A.

A. C

A.

A.

A.

A.

A.

XXII. ^GHAIN.

ghdfil, careless.
ghc/lib, victorious.
glmib, absent.
ghurbat, wretchedness, /.
' gharaz, in short.
ghusse, in anger.
- ghulam, a slave.
gham, grief.

iic ghammat, a blessing, /
hota, a dive ; ^Ao/a mama,
or £-^0ta lagana, or g
to take a plunge.

XXIII. uJ FE.
A. t^S^faiddi advantage.
A. ZJfath, victory,/ ; fath-yab, vic-

torious.
A. ys£ fajr, morning, / ; fajr hote ffi,

immediately on its becoming

morning.
A, <_5ji>_? fidroi, devoted, your de-

voted servant.
P. ±\J* farakh, spacious.
A. C^Oj-i fursat, leisure, opportu-

nity, /

P. H. Uly farmana, to order.
P. 3l^J faryad, complaint, /
P. c^-^b^ faryadi, a plaintiff.
P. c-^.y fareb, deceit.
P. eOkfiJ^ farefta, enamoured.
A.^va3 fakir, a beggar.
A. &akiriiihe life of a beggar,/

A. ^sa& fikr, thought ; fikr-mand,

anxious.

A. eo^JJ fiilana, such a one.
A.j^aMj filfaur, immediately.
A. (j&£ faiz, bounty.

XXIV. j KAF.

7, capable.

, an opportunity.

, a judge.
kufila, a caravan.
JJf AraW, before.

ftLJf &$/«, Mecca, an altar ; (and,
by way of respectful address)
Worship ! Father ! EXbldi
"alam, Kibla of the world !
Your Majesty !
Jjjjf kabul, consent ; kabul karna,

to agree to.
. jJ? kadrt quantity, f.
* JJ kadam, a footstep.

kadim, ancient.
jf karma, order, context.

kism, sort, /. ; kasam, an
oath, /.
^.M/9 kismat, fate, /.

kassab, a butcher.
3 kasd, design, attempt.

kusur, fault, deficiency.
e*o3 kissa, a story; kissa kotah,
in short.

kazakar, by chance.
ira, a fort.

A. JS kalam, a reed-pen.
A. v>-JH> Aiflrfrf', imprisonment ;
, to be imprisoned.

S.

XXV. d KAF.

ka, of.

kafoui, to spin.
^. UJK katna, to cut, spend time ;

kat dalna, to cut off.
S. J-»-^ A:«/fl/, lamp black (with

which the eyelids are painted).

S.
S.

S.
*S^.
H.

S.

W kala, black.

J£ kam, desire, Cupid ; business ;
kam karria, to be of use.
O fcan, the ear.

kandha, the shoulder.
kahe ko, for what ? why ?
kayath, name of a tribe of
Hindus.

iitar, a pigeon.

A?, ever ; kabhl kabhl,
sometimes.
\jg kapra, cloth.
\Z-f kutta, a dog.
L-^bT kitab, a book, /.
U/y kutarna, to cut with the

teeth.
U_j^ kitna, how much ? Attltoe eA;,

some.

\J*& katna, to be cut.
^j^-jiLy katori, a small metal
cup,/

21

£

H.
A.

£
£
£

£

S.

£

£

P.

£
A.
H.
A.

£
£
P.

S.
A.
P.

£
P.

S.

kachla, clay.

kuchh, any, some, any thing,
something.

kachhua, a tortoise.
Ol*y karamat, miracles, /.
13^ karna, to do, make.
CiloU^ Karnatak, the Carnatic.
UJ Ojjfe karwat-lena, to turn
(in bed).

te, whom ? which ? what ?
(inflected form) ; kis-liye or
kis-waste, why ?

kasturi, musk,/
, some, any (inflect, form).
mt some, any (inflected
form) ; klse, whom ? or to
whom ?

Kashmir, Cachemere.
kal, yesterday, to-morrow.
alam, a word, conversation.
^ kalawant, musician.
kalima, a word, speech.
kalol, a gambol.
<yjl^ kulhari, an axe.
J' fom, seldom ; kam-bakht, a
wretch ; kam-sawar, a bad
rider.

mar, a prnce.
JU^ kamal, perfection, perfect.

aman, a bow, /.
kamana, to earn.
kamar, the waist, /.
kamali lotus.

H. ^ kin, whom ? which ? what ?

(inflected pi.)

P. Ij^ kinara, side, shore.
A. aAtf' kinaya, a hint.
£ US' kumba, family.
P. (j-b's J-xy kund-zihn, of obtuse

intellect.

£ j^J^ kunwar, a prince.
£ Jly^ kanwal, a lotus.
£ (j^J^ kinhen, whom or to whom ?
£ f~> fc0j to, for (not translated

when it is the sign of the

accusative) ; (in Braj) who ?
£ \£ kawwa, a crow.
£ \ '\£ kiwar, a door.
P. aljy' kotah, short.
P. J^y kotwal, chief of police.
H. Vjf kora, new.
H. \j£ kora, a lash.
£ <J'jj> kauri, a cowrie,/.
P. (J&^ koshish, exertion,/
£ ^£ kaun, who, which, what?
£ 13^ kona, corner.
H. c? jo^T kundi, a mortar, /.
£ L*jy kaunsa, what sort of ?
£ <^*j? koi, some, any, some one,

a certain.
P. &£s> kit that, because, viz., as

follows.

£ \^ kaha, he said.
H. (j^' kahan, where ?
£ Ul^ khana, to eat, suffer.
£ 13 ^& khujlana, to scratch.

H. tyfkhara, erect, standing ; khara

khara, whilst continuing to

stand still.

H. ^gs*j^ khirki, a wicket, /.
S. U^*' khilana, to feed.
S. U^f 'J^ khilkiland or khilkhila-

uthna, to laugh heartily.
S. ^jjoj ^f khule-bandon, freely.
5. \^f kahna, to say.
H. lSj£$" Motfz, perfidious.
S. \3*4f kholna, to open.
S. \Jj$f khona, to lose.
5. UL^f khelna, to play.
5. (j^f kahm, anywhere.
H. U^*&* khainchna, to draw.
H. ^a &£, of ; Tti, of, (fern, past of

fcarna) made.

S. J& kal or kal ek, several.
S. ^/kyat what? why? kiya, made.
S. \*~*f kaisa, what sort of?
S. j~sf kesar, saffron, /
H. ^y-*^ kyun or kyunkar, why ?

kyunki, because that.

XXVI. ^J GAP.

S. Uj'^ garna, to bury, drive down.

& Jlf ^«/, a cheek.

S. U\f ^GW«, to sing.

& .fl'i^ ganth, a bundle ; ganth ka

purely very rich.
6'. y\S ganrv, a village.
5. \Jb j£ gadha> an ass.
H. b^J^ gadariya, a shepherd.

P. ^j^ guzran, life, /.; guzran-
karm, to spend life.

P. IS^J? guzranna, to present.

P. 13, v>? guzarna, to pass.

P. ^^^ garmi, heat, y.

S. j^ £Wtt, spiritual guide.

5. J^ gur, raw sugar.

H. 13^^ girgirana, to implore.

5. ^ gala, the neck.

P. L-*^ gulab, rose-water ; gulab-
pash, a bottle from which rose-
water is sprinkled,/.

P. (jW£ gitman, opinion.

S. ^ gun, merit.

S. U\j ^ \ : ^ gunthwana, to cause to
string.

ganjur, treasurer.

jS. j\jJo ganwar, villager.

S. Cl>o^>^ gunwant, skilful.

P. ^il gunah, fault.

P. 8\j£ gawah, a witness.

5. g^fW^ gosam, a saint.

P. euia^ gosha, a corner.

<S. UaSj? gunjna, to buzz.

P. b>j£ ^oy«, one would say.

H. Ol^J ^«^, ambush, /.

£ L!->^ ^o^, a quay.

H. \3V^ g^abrana, to be confused.

H. L5£$ ghapchi, the grasp of the
two arms,/.

, a house.

ghari, an hour (of twenty-
four minutes),/.

H.

S.

S.

S.

H.

S.
H.

S.
S.

S.
A.

A

$ ghusna, to penetrate.

gahna, jewels ; ghana,
dense.
^ ghanta, a bell.

ghantdll, a small bell,/.
ghora, a horse.
gholna, to dissolve.

ghunti, medicine (given
to new-born infants).
ghi, clarified butter.

gherna, or gher-ana, to
come round.
gaya, went, gone.
j& gyam, wise.
>fly£, gone, they went.
gat, gone, she went.

XXVII. J LAM.

la-jawab, incapable of
answering ; la-char, helpless,

lathi, a staff,/
^ lahik, adhering.
lazim, inseparable.

a lal-bujhakkar, a wise-
acre.

A.
H.
A.
A.
P.
H.
S.

, to bring.

proper, suitable.
13 \£J3 latkana, to suspend'

a/, importunity,/.
, attention.
lakMakha, a censer.
, a sweetmeat,
a boy.

A.

P.
P.

/S'.
£
S.
S.

p lurkuna or lurha-dena, to
spill.

lurhakna, to be spilt.
a, a jest.

likha-parha, able to
write and read.

likhana, to cause to write.
likhna, to write.
\3\j ft ^srt likhwana, to cause to

write.
UlG lagana, to apply.

lagna, to be applied, begin,
become.

langra, lame.
\3Vj&5 langrana, to limp.

liwana, to cause to take.

, people.
lomri, a she-fox.

luhu-luhan, bloody.
fe take thou, having taken,
he shall take ; diwani khass
se le, extending all along the
space from the private coun-
cil chamber (Gr. § 21. c.) ; fo
took, taken.
letna, to lie down.
lekin, but.

UJ lena, to take, get, buy.
e, for.

H.

S.

XXVIII.

A. J>U matam, mourning.
A. \f>-\* majara, incident.

S. Ujlc marna, to beat, kill, ruin.

S. t/jU mare, by reason.

A. JU mal, wealth.

S. ^llc mala, necklace, /.

A. (i^iJU malik, proprietor.

P. 5j6U manda, fatigued.

S. U&U mangna, to ask for.

5. ^U wiofc mother.

A. iljk/c mablagh, a sum ; mablaghi

mazkur, the sum aforesaid.
S. j£o »ttVr, friend.
A. J»*ai« muttasil, adjoining.
A. (Jfix* muttafik, agreeing.
&• L£*^* mithai, a sweetmeat,/.
S. ^pji* mitti, earth, /. ; mittl-dena,

to bury.
A. U-^° mujra, obeisance, visit ;

mujra-karna, to wait upon.
S. ^si? mujh, me. (Inflected form.)
S. ^^4^° mujhe, me or to me.
A. JU^° muhaly impossible.
A. Clxx^0 muhabbat, affection,/.
A. «^° mahrum, disappointed.
A. (^yaj^ mahsul, revenue.
A. CJ^° mihnat, toil,/.
A. ^asi0 mahv, effaced, distracted.
S. Jv« mad, wine, pride.
A. O^L^C muddat, a long time, /.

(Persian plural, muddafha.)
A.j^J* mazkur, aforesaid.
A. (..^jfcjw* mazhab, religion, sect.
A. duJj« martaba, rank, time, turn.
P. e mard, a man.

P. .1^0 murdar, carrion.

P. A^X) mardum, a man ; mardum-

azari, oppression,/.
A. Jwy> murshid, director.
P. t3^^< murghabi, a water-fowl,/
iS'. U^o marna, to die.
A. Oj^o muruwat, generosity,/.
A. J\y6 mizaj, constitution, humour.
A.J\*MM musaftr, a traveller.
A. ^£*~/* mustahikk, worthy (of).
A. JooL-xj musta'idd, prepared.
A. ^s^* maskhara, a jester.
A. jJu*-o masnad> a large cushion

(used as a throne),/.

H. b

masuri bar, a double

H.

A.
A.
A.
P.
A.

A.
A.

edge (i.e. an edge which is
ground on both sides, and
which slopes from both sides,
as in a hatchet, contradis-
tinguished from the yaksuri-
bar, or single edge, which
slopes from one side only,
as in a chissel.

missz, a powder (with which
the teeth are tinged black), /.

mushabik, like.

mashghul, employed.
mashakkat, trouble, /.

mashk, a water-bag, /

mushkil, difficult ; a diffi-
culty, /.
* mashhur, celebrated.

£*x masTiiyat, will, /

A.

A.
A.
A.
A.

A.
A.

A.

A.
A.
A.

A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
S.
P.
A.

A.
A.

&£A*a_/o muzayaka, penury, con-
sequence ; kuchh muzayaka
nahm, no matter.
mazbut, firm.

mutabik, correspondent to.
matlub, required.
mutarvwaka, having a col-
lar round the neck.
x# ma\ with.

mu'af, forgiven ; mu'af-
karna or mu"af-rakhna, to
excuse.

ma'bud, God ; ya ma'bud
karke, having made (the in-
vocation) Oh God (assist me !)
majun, an electuary.
md'rifat, by means of,/.
ma'lum, known ; ma'lum-
karna, to discover ; ma'lum-
hona, to be discovered.
muftari, a slanderer.
mufassal, in detail.
mufid, profitable.
mukabil, against, for.
makam, dwelling, station.
makan, a place.
mukhra, the face.
magar, perhaps, but. "
mutta, a learned man, school-
master.
U mulazim, a servant.

mulakaf, interview, /.
mlanci, to mix, reconcile.

A. CiLL« mulkj a country ; mulk
ba-mulk, from country to
country.

S. UU milna, to meet, be got.
S. Oy* milwana, to cause to mix.
S. ^* man, mind, heart.
A. ^c man, a weight of 40 ser.
A. t— *^U* mundsib, proper.
S. j<-5u« mantr, a spell.
S. <^j<Lx-* mantri, a (king's) mi-
nister.

S. J(Ja< mandir, a temple.
A. Jj<< manzil, an inn,/.
A. ^^SJ* munsM, a secretary.
A.j^iaJLx) manzur, seen, acceptable,

intended.

£ UV&c mangana, to send for, ask
for, call for.
munh, face, mouth.

or mua-hua, dead.
muwafik, conformable to,
like.

0w>& a pearl, m.
mota, fat.

maujud, existing, ready.
morha, a stool.

maukuf, abolished.
» mom, wax ; mom-dil, a soft-
hearted fellow.

mundna, to shut.
l^x» maharajy great king, your
Excellency.

If* mahadev, a name of Siva.
rf

S.
5.
A.

S.
H.
A.
H.
A.
P.

S.
S.

S.

P. (3^* mihrbam, kindness,/.

P- <j?^JoU-fO mihman-dari, hospi-
tality, /.

A. U^o muhaiya, ready

P. Uj^x> malwna, a month.

H. ^U* miyan, Sir.

P. (-^fA miyan-ji, a schoolmaster.

£ l^jo* mitha, sweet

P. ^c #zeM, a peg, nail.

P. ^Jo* matdan, a plain.

H. 1^ awera, my.

x« muyassar, attainable.

m, in, among ; main, I.

S. ^JOULX* mendki, the rump (of a
horse), /.

XXIX. ^ NUN.
P. Juw>\\3 na-ummed, hopeless.
S. ^>U nath, Lord.
P. ^blS nadan, ignorant
P. C*JjU wa^wA;, delicate.
S. P. JJ w«»2, name ; nam-dar or

nam-ivar, renowned.
P. ^J name, by name.
S. yU TZQWW, name.
P. j\3 wa'o, a boat.
S. &U nayaka, a damsel.
5. d>o mV, always.
A. O\jS najat, salvation, f. ; najati

akhirat, salvation in the next

world.

S. ^Jo nidan, at last.
S. {j*]j> niras, hopeless.

S. *)l\j-> nirala, private, extraordi-
nary ; nirale, apart.

P. Cib.^p nazdlk, near.

P. &)\J£ nisMna, a mark.

A. e^J nasha, intoxicating liquor.

A. C^0^ nasihat, advice,/.

A. J&L) nazar, sight, /. ; nazar ana,
to appear.

A. <Jl*« .w.> ni'mat, favour, gracious -
ness, /.

A. (j£u naksh, a picture.

A. ,jLa-HJ nuksan, damage.

A. JJLJ nakl, a story,/.

nikala, see des-nikala.

nikalna, or nikal-dena, to
put out.

/£ UK3 nikalna, to go or come out ;
nikal-jana, to go out.

S. 4_£j W0&A, the nail (of a finger
or toe) ; nakh sikh se, from
top to toe.

P.jlG nigar, a picture.

8. ^jJu-U nandola, an earthen
vessel.

P. <^ju5 nang or waw^- o ndmus, ho-
nour, shame, disgrace.

A. <--^y nawwab, a nabob, governor
of a town or district.

P. (^jSrj^y nawazish, kindness, /.

P.jSy naukar, a servant.

P. c^^y naukart, service.
A. ul^^ nihayat, extremely.
J3 ni-hattha, unarmed.

( 27 )

S. .jg? nihchai, certainty.

8. C£T-^ nahin> no> not ' nahm-to,

otherwise.

S'. ^ ne, a particle affixed to the
name of the agent with a
transitive verb in a past tense.
(See Gram. § 65.)
S. 1-3 naya, new.
S. ^g! niche, below, down.
P. ^^uo neki, goodness, /. ; neki bar
bad, gunah lazim, my good-
ness has been thrown away,
I and blame has adhered to
me. (Persian proverb.)
XXX. j WAW.

P. j o, and.

A. ct^j waris, heir.

A. k ^j waste, for the sake, on
account of.

A. la£^j wcTiz, a preacher.

H. *)l\j wala, (denotes, in composi-
tion,) doer, man, inhabitant,
owner.

P. \j»\j wah-wa, bravo!

A. Jjj wazlr, a minister of state.

H. ^j>>j wis, him, her, it, that. (In-
flected form.)

A. eOu^j wasila, intervention.

A. laPj wa"z, a sermon.

A. Ijj wafa, fidelity, /. ; wafa-dar,
faithful ; wafa-dari, fidelity,/

A. CJ>'« makt, time.

A. cyj wuku\ occurrence.

H. (J2-f-3j wunhin, just then, just

there.

H. Sj wuh, he, she, it, that.
H. ^b&j wahan, there.
H. ^^jbj 7z?a^2 or WM^, he himself,

that very.
H. (jfr-bj wahin, just then, just

there.

H. ^/j we, they, those.
H. L**>j waisa, such.

XXXI. 5 HE.

S. 4^>\b hath, hand ; hath bandhna,
to join the hands in a sup-
plicating posture.

S. ^5^^ hathi, an elephant.

S. j\So har, a chaplet, m. ; Aar, loss,/ ;
har manna, to acknowledge all
lost, to give up the dispute.

S. (jlfc han, yes.

5. (^j^jo^JLjfc hitopades, name of a

Sanskrit book of fables.

6. jU-^-jLfc hathyar, arms ; hathyar-

band, armed.

H. U& hatna, to recede, move.
P.jfc ^ar, every.
P. Ja>.yfc harchand, although.
S. (j^Jb hridaya* heart.
P. JL^fc harkara, a courier.
S. ^Jo hiran, a deer.
P. .hj& hazar, a thousand.
P y.^a. hushyar, cautious, prudent.

28

£

haffa, a week.
hakka bakka, confused.
b^Jt> hilana, to shake ; hilaya-
karria, to make a practice of
shaking.

\Jjb hilna, to shake.
+St> ham, we, us.
\jl^£> hamara, our.

himmat, courage, /. ; him-
mati mardan madadi khuda,
resolution (on the part) of
men (ensures) the aid of
God.

hamen, us or to us.
hunar, skill,
(j»j& hans, a goose.
U^Jjt> hansnq, to laugh.
^J& M you are, you, he, or it

may be.
\y& hawa, air,/.
\^J& M'a, been, became, was.
\ota, becoming.

hoga, will be.

t
hun, I am.

S.

S.
S.
>S.
5.
S.

Oy& ^owa, to be or become.
hunga, I will be ;

hai, is (with past part. has).

A£, exactly, indeed.

hma, void of.
^fe hm, exactly, indeed.
& hain, (we or they) are.

P.
P.

P.

A.
P.

H.
H.

S.

H.
H.

XXXII. <f YE.

b yay or, Oh !

ib yae?, memory, /. ; yad-ana, to

come to mind.
.b j^or, a friend. (Pers. plur.

-, despair, /.
J J5o. yak-dil, unanimous ; yak-

diti, unanimity,/.
^^ yw/i, thus.

^, this, he, she, it.

*1* here, to or at the
abode.

?. y^» this very.
, these.

I'RINTKl) BY WILLIAM WATTS, CliOXVN TOl'IlT, TKMPLE BAH.

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