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Series
HINTS AND HELPS
FOR
LATIN ELEGIACS
LEE-WARN-ER
HENRY FROWDE
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE
AMEN CORNER, E.G.
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Cktmbnn; wss J5mes
HINTS AND HELPS
FOR
LATIN ELEGIACS
BY
H. LEE -WARNER, M.A.
LATE FELLOW OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE
ASSISTANT MASTER AT RUGBY SCHOOL
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
MDCCCLXXXV
[ All rights reserved ]
PREFACE.
THE object of this selection is to supply interesting English
poetry for hoys in the higher forms of Public Schools. The
mistake usually made is to set boys English to turn into Latin
Verse, which is quite unlike the kind of Latin that they
read in ordinary selections from Ovid. A boy who has gone
through such a book as Taylor's Stories from Ovid in Elegiac
Verse, is quite at sea when turned on to the sentimental love-
pieces, or languid descriptions of scenery, which form the
usual staple of a Latin Verse Exercise Book. He is at once
met by two difficulties. The first is that the English does
not inspire him. The second is that the Latin poetry which
he has hitherto read is nQt at all in the same style. Now it
is not contended that Ovid is the most inspiring of poets.
That he is the most easy of imitation, however, may fairly be
assumed. If it is a good mental exercise to put English
into Latin Verse at all, there is no style so easy to catch as
that of Ovid. The stupidest of boys can learn to break up
the ideas in an English couplet and to rearrange them in
short Ovidian sentences, as in the panels of a triptych, 'if only
there are any ideas in the English to begin with. The very
excesses of such a style will teach boys to reflect, and they
will acquire judgment by beginning Verse on so obvious
a system. In studying Ovid they will notice that they study
a poet who gives to a single idea more turns and transitions
than any other Latin author. For if Ovid fails in judgment
he is a master of invention, and in learning the first canons of
vi PREFACE.
criticism it is perhaps well for boys to have to deal with a
poet whose faults and virtues they can see so clearly.
The selection here offered is the result of many years of
experience in teaching Latin Verse by one who has never
quite convinced himself that Latin Verse teaching is desirable
for all boys in any form of a Public School. It is true that
much that is said about the drudgery of such exercise is
based on ignorance of boy-nature. Once the metre is learnt
and the learning of that is one of the incidents in reading
Latin Verse to do prepared Latin Verses is after all no more
difficult than to write correct Latin, using the metre as a key,
and if sufficiently helped and enlivened in the process, a boy
distinctly likes the puzzle. Meanwhile it teaches him to keep
his eyes on two things at once ; it teaches him orderliness :
and he has the pleasant satisfaction of feeling that he will
never be called upon to deal with too involved constructions.
Still it must be confessed that there is always one boy at
least in twenty to whom the attempt to learn metre is intoler-
able waste of time. For such boys the least that schoolmasters
can do, so long as the system of teaching Latin Verse is
maintained, is to sweeten their labours by bringing them face
to face with interesting English poetry. This is the aim of
the present selection. The author has always found the
Prosody in the Public School Latin Primer the best and
shortest introduction to the learning of Quantity and Metre,
and he has not attempted to rival it. He has, however, in-
serted a few hints to which reference is made in the pieces
which are rendered into English prose, and other hints are
appended as need arises. The renderings are intended to be
used, or not, at the choice of the teacher. With the exception
of a few, for which he is indebted to his friend Mr. Arthur
Sidgwick, every piece in the book has been turned by the
PREFACE. vii
author himself into Latin Verse in two different ways, and
in doing so he has especially avoided those exceptional
usages which boys are apt to think that teachers allow to
themselves though not to their pupils. This may involve a
certain monotony, but that is probably compensated by the
confidence with which rules given are accepted.
The pieces selected are arranged, so far as may be, in
order of difficulty, beginning with a few that are given with
English complete. In such cases as, for instance, in setting
the adaptation of Coleridge's Ancient Mariner which begins
the book it is intended that the teacher should first read the
original poem to the pupils.
A vocabulary is added at the end, including all words
needed in the course of the exercises. Indeed for the first
half of the book it will probably be all-sufficient, though it is
not intended to supersede the ordinary dictionaries or gradus.
The use of the Latin-English Dictionary ought never to be
superseded by any English-Latin Vocabulary, and the teacher
who encourages boys to trust wholly to such Vocabularies
invariably damages their Latin. The author has only to add
that he will be very thankful to any person who uses the book
who will point out mistakes or suggest corrections.
A KEY has been provided, which will be supplied to
teachers only.
HINTS AND HELPS FOR LATIN ELEGIACS.
SUBSTANTIVES.
1. It is common to find the singular used for the plural,
e.g. Egreditur castris miles ' the soldiery.' So eques, pedes, all
names of nationalities.
N.B. So too with multus, plurimus, frequens, etc. for 'many.'
2. Sometimes we find the plural for the singular, specially
in personal pronouns, not only where the sense might bear
it, as
Induimus trepida protinus arma manu,
where Ovid may be describing the experience of other exiles
besides himself, but in expressions like 'noster amor' for
meus. So too pocula, contr. pocla, for ' a cup/
3. An abstract noun is often used for a concrete, e.g.
Simplex nobilitas, perfida tela cave.
Fraude perit virtus. ' The brave are defeated by treachery.'
So too Candida caesaries for ' an old man/ barbaries, pos-
teritas. Compare
Inque tuo caderet nostra senecta sinu.
4. In the same way the concrete idea can be put for
the abstract, e.g. pollens avis, 'strong in ancestors/ i.e. in
pedigree ; ademptus Hector, ' the loss of Hector.'
B
2 HINTS AND HELPS.
5. A relative clause sometimes does duty for an English
noun, e.g.
Non quo sustineatur habet,
' he has no support/
Vix quo progrediatur habet,
' scarce admits of progress.'
Quod voci deerat,
' the failings of my voice/
Hoc ipsum ingratus quod potes esse meum est,
' your very ingratitude is my gift/
6. Again a part is often used conventionally for the
whole. Not only therefore can we say ' ora rubent/ for ' he
blushes/ but we may say ' prora ardet/ ' the ship is on fire/
without any consideration that it is 'prora/ more than
' puppis/ which is on fire.
So for ship use carina, puppis, ratis; for day Aurora,
mane, vesper; for year, ver, aestas, autumnus; for trees
particularise.
7. And this rule has been carried still further in the use
of special nouns for general, e.g. Boreas, Notus, Eurus,
Auster, Africus, etc., for ' the wind ' without realization of the
quarter from which it is blowing.
8. a. The ablative of instrument, of speech, thought,
movement is more often expressed than in English, e.g. voce
vocat, carpe manu, ore boat, pede ingreditur, aure audit.
b. The ablative of instrument is often treated as a personal
agent, e.g.
Dubia librantur ab aura.
SUBSTANTIVES. 3
"9. Apposition is a common figure of speech, often to
avoid awkward genitives, e.g.
Tot millia, fortes.
Timidissima turba, columbae.
Genialis praeda, puellae.
Nati, pignora cara.
Thalami, sua busta.
Templum, monimenta parentis.
Premitis pictos corpora Graia toros.
10. The vocative can be used in place of the nomin-
ative, e.g.
Has, hyacinthe, tenes, illas, amarante, moraris,
' some girls stop to gather hyacinths, others everlastings/
Effugit et Syrtes et te, Zanclaea Charybdi.
Not only does such use avoid words that will not enter
the Elegiac rhythm, but it avoids monotony in long enumer-
ations.
So too
Defensor solii, Jupiter alte, tui.
Cunis te, Melicerta, rapit.
Haud procul a ripis, advena Thybri, tuis.
Te quoque lux eadem, Turni soror, aede recepit,
which last line occurs within three lines of an invocation
to another.
Even in a relative clause
Quae possit crines, Phoebe, decere tuos.
11. The vocative can be repeated in an invocation.
12. Two vocatives in agreement can often be separated
with advantage, e.g.
lam Phryx a nupta quereris Tithone relinqui.
B 2
4 HINTS AND HELPS.
13. The dative often takes the place of a genitive, e.g.
Ciceroni domus combusta, Croeso opes periere.
This is specially common with datives of personal pronouns.
14. Two substantives coupled often express one idea,
e.g.
Flammis et dote paterna,
' the fires I got from my father.'
Lusus studioque videndi,
* for the pleasure of seeing the fun.'
Hostes insidiasque,
' treacherous foes.'
Deos consiliumque,
' the advice of the gods/
This is called Hendiadys.
15. An infinitive often takes the place of a substantive, e.g.
Posse quidem vis est,
' power is strength/
Pati discere est,
' suffering is learning/
Non est auxilium flere,
' crying is no good/
ADJECTIVES.
16. The adjective can often be expressed by a noun in
apposition, e.g.
Proceres, fortissima corpora,
' gallant nobles/
So too such substantives as victor, ultor, advena used
adjectivally, e.g.
Index laetitiae fertur ad astra sonus.
ADJECTIVES. 5
17. It can frequently be transferred. Thus l a boy with
modest voice' can be either 'voce modestus' or 'modesta
voce ' ; a ' man's waist ' can be ' corpora medii viri ' or ' media
corpora viri/ Compare Vergil's ' arma Volcania dei/
18. It can frequently be turned by a genitive, or a
dative of a substantive, e.g. royal grace, regum decor.
19. Remember too such expressions as ' opaca locorum '
for ' shady places/ ' alta maris/ for ' deep sea.'
20. The substantival gentile nouns may be used as
adjectives, e.g. Classica Ibera, Angla venustas for Iberica
or Anglica.
21. The Latins, being more southern than the English,
use superlatives where we are often content with positives,
e.g. the famous leader Caesar, Caesar dux clarissimus.
22. Sometimes an ablative absolute may take the place
of an adjective, e.g. morning sky, caelum sole oriente.
So too a preposition and its case, e.g. ' corbis de vimine/
' a wicker basket.'
23. For the adjective in predication may often be sub-
stituted (a) a dative of the complement, e.g. ludibrio, absurd ;
odio, hateful ; auxilio, helpful ; exitio, destructive.
Compare
Hie laudi est, ille pudendus amor.
Or () a preposition and its case, e.g. in facili, 'easy;' in
pretio, 'precious;' in prece, 'worth praying for;' in cura,
' deserving care ; ' sine lumine, ' blind ; ' sine fine, ' endless ; '
pro vallis, ' like a rampart ; ' in crimine, ' suspected ; ' sine
arte, ' artless ; ' de plebe, ' plebeian ; ' in incerto, ' uncertain ; '
sine vindice, 'defenceless;' pro portu, 'defensive;' sine lite,
' harmonious.'
6 HINTS AND HELPS.
RELATIVES.
24. The antecedent is very frequently best placed in the
relative clause, e.g.
Anna per hanc iuro, quam quondam audire solebas,
Tellurem fato prosperiore dari.
Often the relative clause precedes, e.g.
Quaeque meos releves aestus, cantare solebat,
accipienda sinu, mobilis Aura, veni.
This is exceedingly common in Ovid :
Et rediit puero, qui fuit ante, color.
Unicus est, de quo sollicitamur, honor.
PRONOUNS.
25. In emphasis or contrast always express the personal
pronoun.
26. Instead of using a personal pronoun it is often useful
to repeat the substantive, e.g.
Ventum erat ad ripas ; inerant vestigia ripis.
27. It is sometimes effective to repeat the personal
pronoun, already expressed or implied, as
Cur ego non votis blandiar ipse meis ?
Non illic urbes, non tu mirabere silvas.
So specially ille,
Nunc dextra ingeminans ictus, nunc ille sinistra.
28. The singular of the personal or possessive pronoun
may often be expressed by the plural, e.g. Est deus in
nobis, says Ovid of himself as a poet. So, too,
Nostros flentis ocellos.
RELATIVES, PRONOUNS, 7
29. With the reflexive it is often more emphatic to add
ipse to the nominative, e.g.
Vivit et est vitae nescius ipse suae.
3O. The reflexive sometimes refers to a case, not the sub-
ject, as
Ut vitulo mugit sua mater,
or, Vertit in auctores pondera vasta suos.
31. The possessive may often be expressed by the dative
of the personal.
32. ' Some ' can often be expressed by nescio quis, est
qui, invenies qui. 'Some others' is expressed in a great
variety of ways, hi illi, alii alii, followed by pars, e.g.
Hi ludunt ; hos somnus habet ; pars brachia nectit.
Or again,
Haec implet lento calathos e vimine nexos,
haec gremium, laxos degravat ilia sinus.
Ilia legit calthas, huic sunt violaria curae :
ilia papavereas subsecat ungue comas.
Has, hyacinthe, tenes, illas, amarante, moraris ;
pars thyma, pars rorem, pars meliloton amant.
Or again,
Sub Jove pars durat ; pauci tentoria ponunt ;
sunt quibus e ramis frondea facta casa est.
Pars ubi pro rigidis calamos statuere columnis
desuper extentas imposuere togas.
Invenies illic qui etc.
33. Use quisque sparingly, except with suus, e.g., fors
sua cuique loco est, ' every place has a history/ For ' every 'j
nullus non, the plural of omnis, nil non, quis non ? will do. I
HINTS AND HELPS.
VERBS.
34. There are many verbs used intransitively in English
which can only be used with a reflexive pronoun or some
part of the body in Latin, e.g.
' I roll,' volvor, or volvo me, or volvo membra.
' I fling/ jacior, or jacio me, or jacio artus.
' I start,' moveor, or moveo poema, opus.
35. It is always possible to turn an active verb into a
passive or a passive into an active by inverting the form of
the sentence.
Thus 'vicinia spernit generos/ or 'generi spernuntur ab
vicinis/
36. Often a factitive verb can be made out of 'do/ 'jacio/
' reddo/ and a passive participle or adjective.
Thus ' do vasta ' = vasto, ' I lay waste/ lassos facio = ' I
tire/
Obs. Compare ' do ruinam/ ' ruborem ' etc., for ' ruo/
' rubeo/
37. The present of permanent intention is used in
relative sentences, when in English we have a past, e.g.
Quae mittit dona gifts he had sent.
Cratera antiquum, quem dat Sidonia Dido.
38. An English aorist is often to be expressed by a
pluperfect in Latin, e.g. ' the father ended/ ' finierat genitor/
39. A perfect infinitive is frequently used where we
should use only a present, e.g.
Tutius est fovisse torum, legisse libellos.
VERBS. 9
40. The imperfect, aorist and pluperfect indicative can,
often be used by a kind of poetical exaggeration for the
imperfect and pluperfect of hypothesis, e.g.
Potui dedoluisse semel,
' I could then have had my grief out.'
Nonne satis fuerat timidae inclamasse puellae ?
41. A plural verb can be constructed with a singular
nominative expressing a plural idea, e.g.
Spernebant inopes generos vicinia dives.
42. Impersonal passives of verbs chiefly intransitive are i
very common, e.g. ' Itur in antiquam silvam/ 'statur/ 'curritur.' /
43. The imperative can be turned in many ways
(1) By the future indicative.
(2) By debeo, the gerundive with sum, oportet, or any
mere statement of necessity, e.g.
Fortuna ista ferenda tibi est.
(3) By fac or effice or the like with the subjunctive.
(4) Prohibitively by noli, cave, parce, mitte, desine,
x omitte, non licet, nefas, ne with perf. subjunctive, or by some
interrogative expression, as ' quid facias ? ' ' quis non vetat ? '
N.B. Ne videas can only mean 'lest you see.'
44. On the other hand the Latin imperative often does I 3
duty for a conditional, e.g.
Vive pius, moriere ; pius cole sacra, colentem
mors gravis a templis in cava busta trahet.
Or,
Silvia, pone metus, tibi regia nostra patebit.
45. Our English ' may/ ' will,' ' shall/ ' can ' express
many ideas and must be well understood before attempting
to turn them into Latin.
io HINTS AND HELPS.
(1) For the simple futures 'will' or 'shall' the parts of
c sum ' with the participle future can often be used in the active,
with the gerundive in the passive. Thus,
' I shall perish/ Sum periturus.
1 1 shall be sought back,' Sum repetendus.
So too, ' would have done,'
Factura fuit, pactus nisi Jupiter esset.
Or the future perfect. Thus,
'You will be injured by me.' Tu mihi laesus eris.
' You will do good.' Profueris.
Compare
Ni pro se pugnet, ademptus erit.
* Will/ expressing determination, is best turned by volo,
stat mihi, certum est, sedet mihi.
(2) For 'can' or 'cannot' expressing ability or the
reverse, use possum, valeo, est impersonal with the infinitive,
nescio, nequeo, datur, contingit. Thus,
' Not every one can go.' Non cuivis contingit ire.
' You cannot sing.' Nescis canere.
' You can see.' Cernere est.
N.B. With an active verb potest is not used impersonally,
e.g. 'It is possible to say' is not potest dicere,but potest dici.
(3) ' May/ ' might/ either implies permission, when
licet, licebit, fas, should be used.
Or it expresses a wish, as ' May you never whet your teeth ! '
Utinam nunquam acuas.
Ne tibi sit duros acuisse in proelia dentes.
Ne eveniat tibi acuere.
So, Obvius huic venias.
VERBS. 1 1
Or it expresses mere potentiality,
' One may wish to know/ scire velis.
' One might think/ putes.
' One might believe/ credideris.
(4) For ' should' often use debeo; 'should have un-
rolled/
Debuerant fusos evoluisse meos.
46. < Must ' is often well turned by the genitive and sum.
' Men must work and women must weep/ Viri est laborare,
uxoris flere.
47. Some past participles, where the present is not in use,
and a few others are used in an aoristic sense, as ratus,
solitus, and operatus, solutus, fassus, e.g.
Percurrit telas cantu solata laborem.
On the other hand ' so called ' could not be expressed in
Latin 'ita dictus/ but qui dicitur, quern memorant, qui
vocatur.
48. Certain participles of neuter verbs, specially of the
first conjugation, are used passively, e.g. erratus, regnatus.
49. The figure called zeugma where one verb does duty
for two is common in Elegiacs, as
Et celebrant largo seque diemque mero.
Thus
Vindicat orba patrem clarum patruumque potentem
of a girl who is proud of her dead father and afraid of her
uncle guardian.
12 HINTS AND HELPS.
NUMEBAIiS.
50. The distributive is sometimes used for the cardinal,
e.g.
lustrarat terrae cornua trina suae.
This is particularly the case where the numeral adverbs are
used, as ' bis quinos silet ille dies ' for ' bis quinque/ ' ten ' ;
' quater deni/ ' forty ' ; ' bis quinquageni,' ' one hundred/ etc.
PREPOSITIONS.
51. The preposition is often omitted after verbs of
motion.
52. When it governs two cases coupled, it may be put
with either or both. Thus ' through shallows and pools '
may be per vada perque lacus, vada perque lacus, or, per
vada lacusque, or again, per vada per lacus.
53. ' By' expressing the agent is (i) often expressed by
the dative in poetry, e.g.
4 Praeteritus Cereri nullus in orbe locus,'
' audita parenti,' ' nil tibi factum/ ' dicta sorori/ ' Cynosura
petatur Sidoniis/ See Mr. Hallam's Fasti, Appendix e.
(2) With many substantives it may be treated, either as an
agent or an instrument, in proportion as you conceive of
the agent as personal or not, e.g. ' percutitur prora Noto,' or,
personifying the wind, ' a Noto.'
(3) Many neuter verbs are treated as passives and take ab,
e.g.
Ut solet a magno fluctus languescere flatu,
Sed tamen a vento qui fuit, unda tumet.
Et caderet cultu cultor ab ipse suo.
PREPOSITIONS, ADVERBS, ETC. 13
So too cado, jaceo, but on this cp. Mr. Hallam's Fasti,
Appendix a.
ADVERBS.
54. (i) Adverbs and adverbial expressions are frequently
best treated as adjectives.
Thus ' willingly ' libens id fecit, unwillingly ' invitus.'
So too adverbs of time ' to-morrow/ crastinus ; ' to-day/
hodiernus ; ' by night/ nocturnus ; aeternus, ' for ever ' ;
adverbs of place, eous, occiduus, medius (between), sum-
mus, nullus ' nowhere/ e.g.
' Perque torum moveo brachia ; nullus erat '
of Theseus. Concessive adverbs, 'yet' idem, 'even' ipse.
(2) Sometimes a short parenthesis expresses an adverb, as
nee mora, ' instantly ; ' fit mora, ' slowly/
Mira quidem sed tamen acta Iqquor, 'strangely.' Quod
rarum est. Sine me tibi vera fateri, < actually.'
(3) Sometimes an ablative absolute, e.g. accelerante gradu,
Fugiunt freno non remorante dies.
Notice also the expression ' nox, quam longa/ in all its
length.
PARTICLES.
55. (i) Beginners cannot be too often reminded that
-que and -ve are enclitics and can only be coupled with the
second of the words they associate, except as meaning ' both '
or ' either.'
So equusque currus can not mean ' horse and cart ' any
more than ' and horse cart ' can.
But it is often very useful to repeat que or ve, as flumina-
que camposque, or fluminaque et campos.
14 HINTS AND HELPS.
(2) Again in joining two clauses of a sentence they should
be joined to the first word, as
I care, clamat ubi es, quove sub axe volas?
But they are often attached to the word they do not strictly
couple
(a) If that word belongs to both parts of the sentence,
as
Pacis eras mediusque belli.
(Z>) If that word is a word of four syllables, specially in
the second half of a pentameter, e. g.
Ipsa suos abscideratque comas,
In gremio vultum deposuitque suum.
Credidit errores exposuitque suos.
(3) On the other hand ' and ' is often best represented
by repeating some word, e. g. ' with hair and dress torn/
Purpureos laniata sinus, laniata capillos.
' Hated by gods and men,' invisus dis, invisus hominibus,
compare
Ungue notata comas, ungue notata genas.
O virgo, miserere mei, miserere meorum.
Dat census honores, census amicitias.
(4) Sometimes ' cum ' can be used with advantage, e. g.
Juno and Jupiter, cum love luno.
56. ' As ' and ' if ' are often merely expressed by ap-
position, e.g.
' I will go as exile/ exul ibo.
' I will kill him if arm-bearer/ armigerum necabo.
57. Ovid is particularly fond of omitting ' ut ' after verbs
of petition, e.g.
et orat
Tecta suae subeat quantulacunque casae,
PARTICLES. 15
or,
et orant
Indicet.
58. ' Though ' is expressed in many ways, peculiar to
poetry.
(a) Quamvis may take the indicative :
Restitit et senior quamvis onus urget.
() Quid quod ? What though ?
(c) Licet, 'it is allowable that/ or with futures licebit;
so
Omnia pro veris dicam, sint falsa licebit.
or,
Sis licet immitis matrisque ferocior undis,
Ut taceam, lacrimis comminuere meis.
(d) The imperative is often used for a concessive clause,
with or without esto preceding.
So Vive pius, moriere.
(e) Qui with the subjunctive can also mean ' though.'
(_/") Sometimes ' though' is merely implied, as
Forsitan, infelix, ventosque undasque timebas ;
At tibi nave tua tutius aequor erat.
DOUBLE QUESTIONS.
59. The usage in double questions is exceedingly varied.
The rule is that utrum, num, or enclitic -ne should come
with the first clause, an with the second, e. g.
Dubium nymphamne putarit,
An scierit Vestam.
But the Latin poets vary this.
1 6 HINTS AND HELPS.
Sometimes the first particle is omitted, as
Praeteream, referamne tuum, rubicunde Priape,
Dedecus ? est multi fabula parva ioci.
Fratre magis, dubito, glorier anne viro.
Quaerendum est viduae fieri malimus an orbae.
60. Utrum an, whether or, in a double question must
not be confused with sive sive, giving an alternative, e.g.
Sive igitur nascuntur aves, seu carmine fiunt,
In thalamos venere Procae.
For this ve ve is sometimes used,
Viderit audentes forsve deusve iuvat.
' Let him look to it, whoever helps, whether chance or God.'
Consequently Ovid's lines
Unaque pastorem vidisset an arva colentem
Vox erat 'hac gressus ecqua puella tulit?'
are not to be imitated.
INTERJECTION".
61. Interjections are frequently used to express a sud-
den change of feeling, e. g. me miserum !
STYLE.
62. A few remarks may be desirable on the style
peculiar to Elegiacs. The poems set as exercises in this book
are chiefly narrative or descriptive pieces, not love-sonnets
or languid descriptions of scenery. Therefore it will be well
for the student to observe how Ovid breaks up his ideas
into short sentences. Short sentences lend themselves to
rapidity of effect. In studying Ovid a student will be
STYLE. 17
studying a poet who gives to a single idea more turns and
transitions than any other Latin author.
Let us take rapidity first :
Hanc videt et visam patruus velociter aufert
Regnaque caeruleis in sua portat equis.
Here observe the repetition of the verb videt in the par-
ticiple visam, implying ' no sooner seen than carried off/
Again in
Ilia negat ; simularat anum mitraque capillos
Presserat ; instanti talia voce refert,
see how much is packed into two lines.
Again
Nullus erat ; referoque manus iterumque retempto
perque torum moveo brachia ; nullus erat,
where nullus erat clenches the whole story by reverting
to the central idea.
Mars videt hanc, visamque cupit, potiturque cupita.
where participial repetition occurs twice over.
Another way of expressing rapidity is the omission of
conjunctions, e. g.
Territa voce gravi surgit dea. Convolat omnis
Turba. Per infestas effugit ille manus,
where infestas itself also represents another action, viz.
the attack. Compare Fasti vi. 549.
63. Besides this repetition of a verb as a participle, next
observe the numberless passages where half a line or less is
repeated. This is evidently due to the love of antithesis.
e. g. Una dies Fabios ad bellum miserat omnes ;
Ad bellum missos perdidit una dies,
or Ex illis sed tamen una fuit,
Ex illis fuit una, sui germana mariti.
c
1 8 HINTS AND HELPS.
or In thalamos laeti, thalamos sua busta, feruntur.
or Si tibi cura mei, sit tibi cura tui.
or Clamabam, sine me, me sine mater abis.
or Altera tela arcus, altera tela faces.
or Ter conata loqui, ter destitit.
or Senem potum pota trahebat anus.
or Graia iuvenca venit quae te patriamque domumque
Prodat. lo! prohibe. Graia invenca venit.
or Cum quo sum pariter facta parente parens.
or Dextrae dextera iuncta meae.
The list is inexhaustible. And in such a line as
Sunt oculis tenebrae per tantum lumen obortae
Addison may be right in seeing poetry run to riot.
Still more so may this be said, when we find ideas such as
' sea nymphs in love kindling in spite of the surrounding
water,' or ' Narcissus even after death gazing on his pretty face
in the waters of the Styx.'
64. Often too we find instances of zeugma or of one
verb doing duty for two which hardly rise above the dignity
of a play on words. Such is
Pariterque animaque rotisque
Expulit aurigam.
or Hie tenuit fontes officiumque meum.
65. The structure of the Elegiac metre lends itself specially
well to the repetition of an idea in a slightly different form.
The pentameter frequently generalizes the idea of the
hexameter or makes a moral reflexion upon it.
e. g. Quae me non possum potui sopire draconem ;
Utilior cuivis quam mihi cura mea est.
and Puppibus egressus Latia steth exul in herba ;
Felix exilium cui locus ille fuit.
STYLE. 19
and Quaerere ut absumant, absumpta requirere certant,
atque ipsae vitiis sunt alimenta vices,
and lussa fugit, ventoque ratem committit et undis ;
Asperior quovis aequore frater erat
and Nunc quoque Liba iuvant festis matralibus illam ;
Rustica sedulitas gratior arte fuit.
and Propter me mota est, propter me desinat ira,
Simque ego tristitiae causa modusque tuae.
66. The way in which ideas can be expressed differently
is infinitely assisted by a large assortment of negatives. Every
positive idea admits of a negative turn.
Thus, change nulla quies.
speaks non silet, silentia rumpit.
haste non mora, rumpit moras.
sound as a nut non nux est durior.
alone nee comes est, incomitatus.
know non ignore,
mindful non oblitus.
much, all non pauca, nil non.
hostile non meus, non amicus.
true non mentitus.
foolish pectore captus, non sanus.
eat pono famem.
fly frenum non remoratur.
So too male, vix, sine, nisi, parum, minus can be varied in
use.
67. And whilst it is true that concrete expressions are
more vivid than abstract, yet of course lines like
Omnia luctus,
Omnia solliciti plena timoris erant,
abound.
In fact the writer of verses must be prepared to turn
English into Latin either way.
c 2
20 HINTS AND HELPS.
Here are a few instances of suggestive phrases :
silence tacitus vultus.
ancestry avi.
your safety tu sospes.
creation vacuo quicquid in orbe patet.
old age promissa barba.
too brave for belief credibili fortior.
beginning is better than end ultima primis cedunt.
size corpora grandia.
contrary to reality factis infitiandus.
under your leadership te duce.
last resource quod in misero tempore restat.
he is pale pallor in ore sedet.
wife and adviser coniux consiliumque.
68. Rapidity, variety, antithesis, and concreteness have
been treated of. It remains to remind the student that
clearness must not be abandoned for any other quality.
This is specially remarkable in the treatment of direct quo-
tation, where the words ' said,' ' replied,' etc. are hardly ever
omitted. Thus our English lines,
Then splashing dashing like a fish,
' Oh, save me, Johnny Sands ! '
' I can't, my dear, though much I wish ;
For you have tied my hands ; '
require no 'she said' in the second line, or 'he replied'
in the third. In Latin this is otherwise. At the same time
the words of saying may be almost anywhere.
Second word, as
At chorus aequalis, cumulatae flore ministrae,
'Persephone/ clamant, 'ad tua dona veni.'
STYLE. 21
At the end, as
Non ego, si toto mater me cedere caelo
lusserit, invita matre morabor, ait
Last word but one, as
His nomen lunctis lunius, inquit, habet,
where Concordia is the speaker.
Last but two, as
Ilia ' Timorem
Pone! tuus sospes, dixit, alumnus erit.'
Divided, as
Provolat in medium, et magna 'succurrite' voce
'Non est auxilium flere,' Metellus ait.
or 'Nulla' Coronides 'causa doloris' ait.
or ' Di ' que ' petitorum,' dixit ; salvete locorum,'
where note the position of que.
or
' Nil opus est/ dixit, ' certamine,' Romulus, ' ullo/
Similarly,
' Perfide, pars nostri, lectule, maior ubi est.'
Repeated, as
At pater infelix, nee iam pater ' I care ' clamat,
'Icare, l clamat,' ubi es, quove sub axe volas?'
Finally, of words of saying there is infinite variety : reddit
sonos, talia verba refert, ait, inquit, exclamat, vox est, ad-
loquitur with ace., adfatur, dixit, vocat, addit dicta, cantare
solebat, conclamat, orsus es ore loqui, peragit tales sonos,
voce mea voces eliciente dei,
tetigi verbis ultima verba meis,
sacro quid velit ore docet,
are just a few specimens.
22 HINTS AND HELPS.
PARENTHESIS.
69. Under the head of clearness perhaps it may be well
to give a few instances of the uses of Parenthesis.
Short expressions like nee mora to increase the pace, or
credo, memini, non ego falsa loquor, to give an appearance
of veracity, or ' quod potui ' of reflectiveness are constant.
They help to weed out of the construction verbs that might
make it too involved, and at the same time to keep the
speaker's personality before the reader.
Others will speak for themselves, e.g.
Matre salutata mater Metanira vocatur,
where Metanira is introduced in the nominative case, or
Ascendo vires animus dabat atque ita cerno,
where a sense of effort is thrown in, or
Ad patrem mandata dabat, cuique ilia dabantur
Humanos casus aspice frater erat,
a little moral reflexion.
So too fide maius, facinus mirabile, absit reverentia vero
(I must speak without respect of persons where truth is con-
cerned), valeant mendacia vatum, take the reader as it were
into confidence.
70. From Parentheses we may pass to relative clauses.
Often it conduces to clearness as well as to the suspense that
increases interest to put the relative clause before its ante-
cedent. Thus it comes more to the front, e.g.
Quos fecit, sustulit ipsa metus.
Unicus est de quo sollicitamur honor.
Et rediit puero qui fuit ante color.
Est mihi quae lanas molliat apta manus.
Et qui me sequitur semper amore tui.
PARENTHESIS. 23
At other times the antecedent is constructed with the relative
clause, e.g.
Et renovat cunctis qui fuit ante timor.
71. Sometimes the verb on which a dependent sentence
is hanging gets locked inside it. This is rare and should
not be imitated unless the sense remains absolutely clear.
Thus
Quae fuerit nostri, si q,uaeris, regia nati.
or
Fratre magis, dubito, glorier, anne viro.
or
Ut daret, effeci, tibia longa sonos.
In fact all liberties taken depend on whether the poet who
takes them can make himself clear. Where clearness or
antithesis is gained by a slight rearrangement of a sentence,
such, e.g., as
Sitque quod a tergo, sitque quod ante vides,
(in which line quodque might be open to misunderstanding,)
or
Damnis dives ab ipsa suis
(where suis is emphasized by ipsa), or
Quique dati leto quique dedere fleo
(where sunt is omitted), a strong poet does not hesitate.
In this connexion compare
Per ego ipsa pericula iuro,
when the poet by a simple device expresses the bewilderment
of the speaker.
72. One word may be desirable on the subject of meta-
phors. Here the beginner should be careful that in turning
an English metaphor into Latin, he use a verb capable of
being applied, like the English, to both sides.
24 HINTS AND HELPS.
Similes may often be turned into mere statements. Thus
' she grows pale, as a lily ; ' ' lilies are white, but whiter she/
73. The student's attention must be drawn to the art with
which long English sentences are broken up into Latin Elegiacs.
No doubt the original idea is that the hexameter should be
one complete sentence, and the pentameter another. But
the best Elegiac poets are those that break them. Four out
of five of Ovid's lines are so broken. And much of the art
of writing Elegiac verse depends on the appreciation of this.
For specimens the beginners can compare Coleridge's
' Ancient Mariner ' and other poems in the original with the
English given in the early part of the exercises. We will
take an instance :
When the British warrior queen,
Bleeding from' the Roman rods,
Sought, with an indignant mien,
Counsel of her country's gods, &c.
Here the first thing to remind the pupil of is that on the
whole it is wiser to make a rule of completing a sentence
with the completion of a couplet. Thus it will be necessary
to get rid of ' when ' at once. The next difficulty will
be, as boys put it, that ' there is not enough English.' This
will prove not to be the case, even without resorting to any
of Ovid's little arts for increasing his stock by varying his
reflexions or using negatives. The first idea is that the
Romans had crushed the Britons ; let that come in the first
line thus :
The Britons yield ; a woman had led them ;
the second line will be ' her the Romans scourge/ or ' her
you, oh unfeeling lictor, ill-treat,' or ' she struck with Roman
rods bleeds,' or ' what valour is treated how ! her back is red
MISCELLANEOUS. 25
with blows,' or ' so, oh Roman, thou biddest ; her back is red
with blood/ &c. &c. How to do the third line will of course
depend on which of the suggested second lines has been
accepted. The ideas are 'indignation/ and indignation
expressed. Thus 'indignant chafes her valour/ which is
abstract ; ' her face shows it/ which is concrete. The fourth
line would suggest use of a hendiadys. Then the stanza
would run thus :
Succubuit miles, mulier quem duxerat, Anglus ; !
Tu, Romane, iubes : sanguine terga rubent.
Indignata furit virtus; rabida ora tumescunt ;
Ilia decs patrios consiliumque petit.
This is only one of twenty possible ways. And it will be
seen that no fresh ideas have been introduced to eke out
the English of Cowper.
74. It remains to say a word on what I may call the
tricks of the trade. I have already remarked on the use-
fulness of a transposed -que in a pentameter. A five-syllabled
word is undoubtedly a godsend. Ovid did not scruple to
introduce ' dicitur/ ' fama est/ and other verbs into his
stories by way of increasing his selection of perfect infinitives.
Deposuisse, obstupuisse, perdomuisse, deseruisse, consuluisse,
delituisse, applicuisse, incaluisse, consecuisse, impediisse, and
evoluisse (for volvisse), exsoluisse (for solvisse) are only a few.
The word Deianira proves invaluable in the Deianira Herculi.
Then again the ablatives of abstract substantives, sedulitas,
nobilitas, credulitas, &c. are had in requisition. Rare com-
paratives such as barbariora, prosperiore, uberiora are coined.
Endless are the parts of quadrisyllable verbs that serve, present
participles like eripiente, desilientis; perfect active third plurals
like conticuere ; past participles like praecipitata, dissimulata,
26 HINTS AND HELPS : STRUCTURE.
insidiate ; future passives second singular like comminuere ;
subjunctives like experiamur; and a host of gerundives, e.g.
infitianda, inveniendus, effugiendus, dilacerandus ; are all
worthy of attention. Adjectives like sanguinolentus, pul-
verulentus nearly complete the list.
STRUCTURE.
75. The pentameter should end with a dissyllable. ' Es '
and ' est ' combine with dissyllables such as ubi, mora, gelu,
tuo, tibi, &c., but do not break this rule.
Ovid does end with Ausoniae, barbaric, posteritas, and in
two cases with datives like funeribus and fluminibus, but this
should not be imitated.
The last word of a pentameter should be a verb, a sub-
stantive, a personal pronoun or a possessive, or an adjective
used predicatively. Sometimes a word like 'novus' is put
at the end for the sake of antithesis, e.g. victaque concessit
prisca moneta novae.
76. The ablatives caeleste, bimestre, perenne do occur ;
but this is not to be imitated.
77. The abbreviations pocla, vincla, saecla may be used ;
lenibat, mollibat, nutribat, audibat occur in Ovid ; isse and
scisse are abbreviated for ivisse, scivisse ; horruerunt, steterunt,
contigerunt, audierunt, vagierunt, compulerunt occur in Ovid
with twelve similar shortenings ; and some I-words, especially
those in -ans and -ens, drop the i in the genitive plural ; so
caelestum.
78. It is well to make a rule of beginning verses with a
dactyl except in perhaps one verse out of six.
EXERCISES.
1. SKATING.
Now Autumn is gone, and rainy Auster;
not now is sky gloomy with cloud and tears.
You may see heaven, you may learn the sun's rays;
winter will give cold and pleasure.
Will you cross the stream? boats will not avail. 5
Step forth, and you will cross with safe foot.
Would you behold strange mazes and dances?
See, the wave is scribtyed with clever foot.
You long for the contest, and insanely desire to be there?
let an iron sole be fixed to your foot. 10
Ah too swift, your bold foot rushes on;
back and head seek the ground !
1. rainy, pluviosus. silio.
2. be gloomy, nigro, nigresco. 7. mazes, gyms, dance, chorea
3. you may, subj. or est with or chorea.
inf. rays, radii, lumina, ardores, 8. clever, doctus, catus.
fiamma, faces. 9. insanely, Hints, 54.
5. boats, i. avail, iuvo, 10. sole, planta.
prosum. 12. ground, solum, humus.
6. cross, transeo, traicio, tran-
28 HINTS AND HELPS
2. A STORM.
VIEW now the winter-storm; it shrouds the air; the cloud
whole, not broken by chinks, darkens.
Below is change ; the waves one tumult urge ;
white foam floats on the billows.
Far off the petrel tosses on his dripping path; 5
his brood follow and flutter through the pool.
His way lies through the waves ; he rises and falls in turn ;
at ease he mocks the north wind and drives the main.
Lo ! above the ducks, whose height in air to surpass none
by throwing could hope to beat, seek the high clouds. 10
Through the shore tribes of seagulls urge their passage;
as they fly, they snatch prey in the pools. [heavily;
Against them rages the anger of the wind ; their column flies
their weak cry laments the delay.
Soon the white wing is pressed beneath their bosom: rest 15
is given them by the restless wave.
1 . winter-storm, hiems. shroud, Boreas, drive, ago.
tego. 9. "whose height in air. Say
2. break, dissocio. chink, rima. ' whose air.'
3. change, nulla quies. 66. 10. throwing, iactus.
waves, Hints, I. urge,ci&o. u. seagull, fulica. passage,
5. petrel, mergus. toss, Hints, cursus.
34. dripping, madidus. path, 12. snatch, corripio, use the
limes. perfect, pool, mare, lacus, vadum.
6. fiutter through, pervolito. 1 3. rage against, irruo. -wind,
7. rises and falls, Hints, 55. Hints, 7. files heavily, conitor.
in turn, vicissim. 14. cry, querella.
8. at ease, lentus. north wind, 15. rest is given, Hints, 35.
POR LATIN ELEGIACS. 29
3. A SPORT.
SHEPHERDS behold a faun buried in sleep and shade
and mock his cloven foot.
They approach; he is seized and tied to an elm;
it is such fun to pelt him senseless.
He awakes from sleep; he yawns, and stretches his leg; 5
' Lo ! where is my reed and cup ? ' he asks.
1 See, there lie the fragments of my cup !
'wine and sleep have seized my head!'
He tries to turn his neck ; laughter sounds everywhere ;
he sees them, and prays; 'loose my bonds.' 10
'If you wish to escape freed/ they cry;
promising only a song, you shall be free!
2. mock, ludifico, and 55,6. 6. 2.
4. it is fun, iuvat. pelt, exagi to n. escape, aufugio. free, liber,
saxis, him, repeat the participle solutus, or ' chain broken,' &c.
'tied,' 26. 12. only, tantum. Use abl.abs.
30 HINTS AND HELPS
4. HUNTING.
THE south wind driving collects the clouds over the sky:
the dogs bark through the whole wood;
The earth is shaken, eager desire for the chase holds them j
through fields, through hills, charges the loosened band.
The trumpet is silent; the struggle rages deadlier :
the dogs too are silent.
Now they hold him; the shout from every mouth
rises; the banks re-echo the sound.
The maiden heard it ; ' the stag will soon perish in death ;
'the band of men will soon return' she thinks.
Go home, ye hunters ; a fairer spoil is within ;
the night dew falls, go home!
2. bark, latratum exerceo. 8. rise, erigor. re-echo, conge-
3. chase [hunting, beasts, prey]. mino, 55.
5. deadly, fatalis, dirus, cru- 9. heard, 38.
delis, rages [burns, impends, is 10. will return, Hints, 45.
joined]. n. hunter, iuvenis.
6. are silent, use perf. for pres.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 31
5. THE ANCIENT MABINER. I.
[Read from S. T. Coleridge.]
THE crowd are rushing: they cry Hymen; they repeat
Hymen ;
three men seek the new house of the bride.
An ancient mariner with glaring eye and grey hair
seeks and stops them with his skinny hand.
' There was a ship/ he cries, ' Let me go instantly/ says the
other. 5
No delay. He lets drop the hand which he holds.
Still with glittering eye he detains the guest;
then with trembling voice tells as follows.
' We escape from the port ; the bay receives the ship ; it
passes the kirk and passes the light-house. 10
Soon as it reaches the open sea, the sun came out:
the wind bursts forth and drives the bark.'
i. 41. repeat, frequento. 9. receive, excipio.
Hymen, Hymenaeus. 10. passes, use perf. for pres.
3. glaring, torvus. kirk, tempi um. light-house,
4. 55. skinny, horrens. pharos.
5. instantly, ocius. n. came out, from what?
6. No delay, nee mora. 12. drives, praecipito.
7. detain t capto, teneo.
HINTS AND HELPS
6. THE ANCIENT MARINER. II.
' THE ship is driven forward ; loud roared the blast ;
southward are we driven and hurried.
And now there came both mist and snow,
and it grew wondrous cold.
Snow increased; everywhere was ice; to none
was shape of beast or form of man to be seen.
At length through mid fog flies an albatross;
the crew welcome it as a god.
Unconscious of ill round and round it flies;
and tastes food with gleeful mouth.
Then at last splits the ice with a thunder fit;
a south wind springs up behind.'
1. forward, protenus. blast,
flamen, turbo, procella [wrath of
blast, angry blast rages, echoes].
2. southward, sub medium diem,
in notos. we, or ' the ship.'
3. came [increase, rage].
4. wondrous, 'we wonder,' or
' you may wonder.'
5. increased, incumbo.
7. albatross, ardea.
8. welcome, 'rejoice and greet,'
excipio. as, 56.
9. unconscious, inscius, imme-
mor.
1 1. splits, it fissa. fit [sudden].
12. springs up, 55, subsequor.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS.
33
7. THE ANCIENT MARINER. III.
HE had spoken ; but to him speaking the complexion was
not the same
in his face, and his hair was stiff with fear.
'What have you to do with furies ?' say I ; 'why do you stand
in fear?'
he replies; 'the albatross was slain by my hand/
Then at last the breezes drop and the sails slacken : 5
never could calm be more gloomy.
The sky glared; the sun tinged with blood,
ever more sullen, looks down on the ship.
Nor breath, nor motion ;
you might fancy painted seas carried a painted bark. 10
Water, water everywhere:
nor any drop to drink.
1. complexion [face, colour].
2. be stiff, dirigesco.
3. What have you to do with ?
Quid tibi cum. stand, adsto.
4. Est may be used at the end
of either half of the pentameter
after an elision.
5. drop, langueo, consldo, tor-
peo. slacken, resido.
6. gloomy, sullen, tristis, maes-
tus, ater, niger, gravis.
9. there is no breath, &c. [Im-
personal Passive : or ' seas are not
moved,' or 'thou couldst see
nothing,' &c.]
ii. everywhere, wherever you
see, here and there, nowhere not.
34 HINTS AND HELPS
8. THE ANCIENT MARINER. IV.
How tell the weariness of that long life?
Eyes glazed: parched throats.
I watch the western sky : nothing anywhere :
At last a figure of something strange is seen.
With dry throat I look and with black lips;
See ! a bark ! I cry, comes through the sea.
It was present nearer; forms are seen on deck;
Dice : a woman and man sit at play.
To her red lips and yellow locks;
' Well have I gamed ' says she mocking. i
She spoke : the darkness thickens ; the stars come out ;
The spectre bark disappears from sight.
One after one by the star-dogged moon
Each of my comrades cursed me with his eye.
They dropt down with heavy thump lifeless i
Three times fifty living bodies of men.
1. tell. Gerundive or delib. subj. 28. mock, rideo, ludificor, 47.
2. are glazed, storigidus. throat, n. thicken, nigro, incumbo,
guttur [maneo, rubeo]. fio gravior.
4. is seen [literally, or 'comes 13. star-dogged, when the stars
up,' subit, venit]. follow, chase, watch the moon,
7. deck, puppis, transtra, fori. Diana, &c.
8. dice, alea exercetur, fit iactu, 14. curses, noto, obsecro.
iacet ludenda. 15. thump, casus, ruina. lifeless.
10. well, egregie, non male. /, exammatus.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS.
9. THE ANCIENT MARINER. V.
STRETCHED on the deck lie lifeless corpses :
alone through the sea I drift.
Thousand creeping bodies live around :
I live : the bodies of my comrades lie dead.
Scarce at length one prayer passed my lips: 5
in a moment sleep slid into my bones.
I awake : it rains :
the ship moves on.
The helmsman steers ; the mariners work .the ropes ;
soon our eyes behold the light-house. 10
Now I reach the port ; my country receives me ;
to vespers people go.
1. on, per. lie stretched, press,
cover, foul the deck.
2. alone, solus, incomitatus,
nullo comite, comitante. drift,
go, float, am driven.
5. prayer, prex is never used in
the sing. nom. Use vox precantis,
vdtum. passes, crosses, escapes,
is carried by.
6. in a moment, continue, pro-
tinus, ilicet, haud mora.
8. ship, prora, puppis, pinus.
carina, navis, ratis.
9. mariners, riautae, comites :
turba, vis, caterva. work, tracto,
expedio, ligo, apto, eolligere.
ropes, funis, vinculum, Hnum,
arma,
12. vespers, 'evening prayers.'
D 2
HINTS AND HELPS
10. LADY CLARA VERB DE VERB.
[Read Tennyson.]
I WILL not, caught by ancestry and the shadow of a great
be added to thy list of victories, beauteous Corinna.
I shall be your slave, you fancy; you will go to
the more famous;
no doubt a country heart is a good subject of mockery
You lay plots and smile with false favour;
I escape your caresses and snares.
What though you are proud of a family of nobles !
you talk big; yet you do not please yourself.
Boast then your father's praise and ancestral name ;
you are right to despise the commons.
Your pride however is no match for mine ;
he who is ever mindful of himself does not care whence
Stay your wiles; I know what is lovely:
I cannot perish for love of you.
Let a thousand busts adorn your halls,
the honour of maidenly simplicity is better.
name,
Rome
10
he is.
1. ancestry. Use 'ancestors'
(abl. without prep.).
2. am added, accede, list of
victories, ' triumphs, titles.'
4. heart [love, lover], subject
[worthy to be, gerundive], or
dative (' be a mockery').
5- /<y, [weave, prepare], smile,
rideo, renldeo.
6. caresses, oscula, blanditiae.
7. what tho\ quid quod, family
of nobles, a thousand family-por-
traits, imagines, am proud, su-
\
perbio.
8. big, ' great things.' yourself,
ipsa tibi.
9. ancestral, avltus, patrius,
paternus.
10. despise, sperno, contemno,
fastidio, ludifico, ludo.
11. Is no match, sordet prae,
is not to be counted equal.
12. mindful, memor.
13. lovely, amabilis, pulcher.
know, ' have found out,' nosco.
15. busts, imagines, avi, cerae.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 37
11. MHiLAIS' HUGUENOTS,
SEE, a maiden in vain implores her lover;
She longs to entwine his shoulders with safety.
' This is safety alone ; do thou take this pledge of love ;
it is lawful to deceive fraud with innocent fraud.'
Her words tremble ; various sounds she utters frightened : 5
with what trembling hand she ties the sign!
The youth replies not ; with left hand he soothes his love ;
full of love he gazes on her countenance.
He knows the certain dangers of the night,
the cruel foes in ambush on the road. 10
But as if scarce conscious of the deed, his right hand
holds away the ribbon from his arm.
2. entwine, 39. safety, prae- 10. Say, 'foes and ambush,'
sidium, salus. insidiae
5. sounds, sonus, vox. utter, n. asif. Use verb sum imme-
do, edo. mor, inscius, ignore.
7. replies, refero [sileo]. 12. ribbon, serica fila.
9. know, 66.
* HINTS AND HELPS
12. SIR GALAHAD.
[Fead it first from Tennyson.]
MY faithful blade cleaves men's ribs ;
my sure lance pierces their side.
Nor could twice five men vie with me alone in strength,
For I wage war with heart pure of sin.
The trumpet breaks on the air with shrill clang, 5
steel weapons rattle glancing back from steel.
Hither and thither fly shivered spear-handles; into air
man and charger rear impatient of death.
Now they reel, and change about, in varied struggle ;
now in peace they ride together. 10
Soon is poured down abundance of fragrant flowers;
matrons and virgin bands scatter them.
i. My, 31. blade, gladius,
ensis, ferrum, mucro.acies. cleaves,
figo, penetro, transadigo.
3. could, 45.
4. for. Use causal qui.
5. shrill, argutus.
6. rattle, sono, crepo, do soni-
tum. glancing back, refractus.
7. spear-handle, hastile.
8. rear, tollor, furoj subsilio.
impatient, use sing.
9. change about, vario vices.
10. ride, equo feror, vehor,
equ'to.
11. Soon, 54. abundance, vis,
copia. fragrant flowers, odores,
nares.
FOR LA TIN ELEGIA OS. 3 9
13. THE FAITHLESS LOVERS.
So neither the tears of Dido prevailed, nor all
her wrath, nor right hand clasped under adverse gods.
^Eneas, forgetful of his great love,
was already spreading his sails on the Ausonian sea:
Oft she said ' Remain ' when her lover was hasting away ; 5
the swift wind carried away sails and words.
So too the daughter of Minos wept
when she lonely pressed her couch on the lonely shore :
' Whither fliest thou,' she cries, ' return, wicked Theseus ! '
he treacherous cleft his careless way : 10
Thou, O Lenaeus, broughtest help to her;
not even !Evius himself lightens my cares.
i. Dido, the queen, Phoenissa. 7. Minoius, adj.
4. Ausonius. sea, water, waves, 9. return, flecto viam, revertor,
salt, plains. redeo, sum redux.
5. hasting, pergo, pergo abire, n. help, comfort and help, ops,
profero, &c. [cursus praecipito], subsidium, auxilium.
6. See Hints, 7.
40 HINTS AND HELPS
14. THE FORCED RECRUIT.
[First read the poem in Mrs. Browning, vol. iv. 137.]
THE bands are gathered ; a harsh law orders all ;
whomsoever the law will send, will be a soldier.
At length the day has come, the legion is prepared ;
pride, glory, wine, inflame their heart.
They march against Italians, always conquered, and rebels ;
alas ! the Austrian foe is at the gate ! <
Who with wretched look, while the band rejoices,
who holds back his foot, while the band hastens?
Alas he is an Italian ; he is forced into the fight ;
will he dare to engage ? i<
The troops meet ; he stands and casts down his arms ;
at last, smit by a brother's sword, he falls.
Why grieve ? no hero is bolder than thou art !
none can love his country better.
2. -will, use future of volo.
4. pride, fastus. heart, mens,
animus, cor, pectus, iecur.
6. Austrian, Noricus.
8. hasten, propero, praecipito.
9. forced [driven to arms, un-
willing fights, &c.].
10. engage, eonseruisse manus,
39-
12. smitten, saucius, mortuus,
perditus.
FOR LA TIN RLE GIA CS. 4 1
15. DEAR LADY DISDAIN.
[See J. McCarthy's Novel, ch. xiv. A girl whose passion is unknown
to her father has to go to an inquest to identify a corpse which she
believes to be that of her lover. She finds that it is that of another.
Her father accompanies her, and she has to hide her secret from him.]
SHE saw amazed. Here now no loved one's body.
He had escaped the danger of the sea.
What is she to do ? Can she hide such feelings from her
father,
or call back her father's heart to its old loyalty ?
Is she to simulate grief 5
and hide her real joy by silence ?
She stands amazed ; so views the knife inactive
a prisoner whom death just having threatened leaves alone.
Her heart is torn with various passion;
Hope struggles with shame. 10
Is it wrong to love one who loves not in return?
Is love forbidden by duty to a father ?
So she wonders silently, and learns now for the first time
what a loss it is to have no mother.
A strange light is before her eyes ; there is a strange sound
in her ears; 15
she faints.
i. am amazed, intremisco, n. who loves ndt in return,
obstupesco. ' one refusing mutual pledges,'
3. such feelings, talia, tanta. promissum pignus.
4. loyalty, fides. 12. duty, officium, pietas.
6. hide, tego, premo. silence 14. loss, damnum, malum.
[being silent, with silent gaze, have no, careo, egeo.
face, &c.]. 15. is, auditur [haeret]. strange,
8. prisoner, reus. novus.
9. passion, motus.
HINTS AND HELPS
16. THE WEATHERGLASS.
WOULD you know the varying fashion of the sky;
what wind will bring heat, what cold ?
A little house such as a baby might build with cards
will give you signs : you shall not be deceived.
Before the porch, on the very threshold, two guardians,
man and woman, keep the door. 6
She neat with combed hair
and trailing robe.
So steps the matron on feast days
when music calls to the merry banquet.
Him a coarse garment covers shaggy with hair
while a cap protects his head from the storm.
So walks the shepherd on the Alps
when he collects his sheep in winter.
If the woman comes forth, the man stays at home
if the man steps out, the woman keeps within.
10
i. 'Would you wish to know,'
&c.
3. ' Such as is built by boyish
art.'
5. two, see Hints, 50.
7. neat, simplex, mundus [habi-
tus].
8. ' sweeps the ground with long
trail (agmen) of robe.'
lo. music, tibia, cantus, tuba.
banquet, concelebro.
11. garment, abolla.
12. 'and a cap keeps off the
rage of the wind.' See Hints, 55.
cap, plleolus.
15,16. Turn these : e.g. They
know their own winds; he tempts
the cold, she the suns, when her
husband stays within, 33.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS.
43
17. THE ENCHANTED SHIRT. I.
THE king was sick. His cheek was red
and his eye was clear and bright.
He ate and drank with a kingly zest
and peacefully snored at night.
But he said, 'I am sick:' doctors come by the score,
he cut off their heads and sent for more. 6
At last two came ; one a sage, and poor,
the other resplendent with ring and horses his own.
The poor sage said, 'You are sound as a nut.'
'Hang him up/ roared the king in a rage. 10
The other clev'rer inspected the royal tongue,
And prescribed at once the shirt of a happy man.
Wide o'er the realm the couriers rode ;
but they say they can find no happy man.
One laments his wife living, the other dead; 15
poor wished riches; rich thought they had none.
1 . sick, suffer disease, be affected
with pain [aegroto].
2. clear, glitter with accustomed
light, solitus, consuetus.
3. ate and drank, consumes
wine and food, zest [more].
4. sleep rises, &c. [rectus, iustus,
cumsonitu solito].
5. doctor, medicus, peritus.
score [mille].
6. Repeat mille.
7. 50. poor, use superlative.
8. ring, gemma, sardonyx.
9. sound, durus, rSbustus, 66.
10. hang, erect a cross.
12. prescribes, bids bring at
once, 54, 69. shirt, tunica.
14. find, prendere.
15. dead, [taken away, rapio,
adimo].
16. wish, cupio, volo.
44
HINTS AND HELPS
18. THE ENCHANTED SHIRT. II.
ALL sides they scour; no crossway, no bridge,
escapes notice in case they may find the shirt.
At last they came to a village gate :
a beggar lay singing there.
He sang, and laughed, and rolled
on the soft grass.
The weary couriers approach and greet the scamp ;
the greeting is soon returned to each.
' This is our man : your shirt/ they cry ;
he replies, ' I've none,' and roars aloud. i
Thus the sad panorama of human woes
passed before the king's eyes.
So out he went in the realm and toiled
in a king's appointed way :
and the people blessed him, the land was glad, . 15
and himself was well and gay.
From COL. HAY,
Author of ' Little Breeches.'
1. crossway, bivium, [crepido].
2. escape, fallo, lateo lumina,
oculos.
3- 42-
4. beggar, egenus, fur.
6. where softer grass gave a
couch, torus.
8. greeting, salus [reddo].
10. roar, strepo, fremo [ore].
aloud, 8.
11. panorama, discrimina mille.
12. king, dux, rex, rector, tyran-
nus.
14. as becomes a king to give
justice [iura].
15. people, sui.
1 6. be well, valeo, salute fruor
solita, consueta.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 45
19. NEWS FROM THE WAR.
Lo, 'tis Autumn, the trees burn yellower and redder,
the apple in the orchard, the grape on the trellised vine.
Above the sky so calm, so transparent after rain;
below too all calm, the farm prospers well. 4
All prosper, but now a messenger has arrived from the war ;
' Come from the fields, father, come to the front door, mother.'
As fast as she can, sjie hurries, her steps trembling;
She does not stop to smooth her white hair or adjust her cap.
She says, ' Ope the envelope quickly ; this is not our son's
writing; a strange hand writes for * our son/ 10
All swims before her eyes, she catches the man's words only
Gunshot wound ; cavalry skirmish ; will soon be better.
'Grieve not so, mother/ says the daughter among
her sisters huddling round ; ' the letter says brother will soon
be better/
Alas, poor boy! he will never be better, brave soul! 15
While they stand at the door he is dead already.
1. and the colours bum: 6. [tuque age, or hue propera-
[croceus, rubeo, ardeo]. que],
2. use verb, trellised, flexilis. 9. envelope, paper, letter, charta,
vine, uva. tabula, notae.
3. rain had fallen ; the sky had 10. the paper is marked (char-
calmed ; requiesco. tarn noto).
4. [quiet in the house; sub lar- u. [vix pauca, vix singula.]
ibusque, or sub tuto tegmine.] 12. not serious wound [non
5. all smiles; a quick messen- grave].
ger comes. 14. ' no serious wound.'
15. in vain do they comfort, &c.
4 6
HINTS AND HELPS
20. DUCHESS MAY. I.
[Read from Mrs. Browning's Poems, vol. ii. p. 54.]
THERE was a tower ; wide the prospect spread over the
plains ;
on that spot who knows not how great the tale?
E'en now ruins bear wi ;ness to its dread fate :
in the reddening sun how great the .ruin stands black !
Hither came a bride, ignorant of coming doom ; 5
enters her home ; calls on thee, Hymenaeus.
Royal grace; constant eyes;
cordial mouth ; untired smile.
An orphan she claimed a Duke as a father, had a power-
ful uncle ;
he had bidden her marry his own son. 10
In vain she pleads ; in vain refuses :
she swears constantly to marry her own Paris.
i. spread, pateo.
5. coming, ven turns.
7. royal, of kings.
8. untired, rests on her face,
never departs.
9. had, 49, zeugma.
12. constantly, const ans, con-
stanti fide, adusque.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 47
21. DUCHESS MAY. II.
SHE spake : he bursts into sudden passion.
' Your hand/ says he, ' is light : but our anger heavy.
You wish to arm a tiny right hand with a large will
cease; passion scarce suits a maiden's beauty.' 4
' Our hand/ said she, ' is small ; but it holds great wealth :
'tis not I, but my dowry that seems lovely to you.'
Lynceus heard; under his teeth he mutters,
'Let life, let death come to me, I will be her husband.'
Up she rose with scornful eyes.
Swears, calling-to- witness her father's grave : 10
'A woman and a maid am I, gentle in nature and years;
but stronger, I laugh at the strong commands of a man.'
3. tiny, exiguus, tennis, will, 8. husbana, maritus, coniux,
arbitrium, imperium. sponsus.
4. beauty, decus, decor, gratia, 9. fixing the scorn of sad coun-
venus. tenance, fastldia.
5. wealth, opes, aurum. 10. grave, funus, bustum,sepul-
crum, 47.
HINTS AND HELPS
22. DUCHESS MAY. III.
WITH clattering sound of feet the hoof shakes the plain ;
to the citadel of her chosen husband goes the new bride.
The winds redouble; Lynceus and his father pursue;
on the husband's arm lies the bride.
' Dost thou fear ? ' he says ; ' I fear not death,' says she, 5
' life would have been fearful with such a man/
They reached the castle ; retainers oft shout ' Hymen ; '
she strokes the weary steed with gentle hand.
Then joyful she follows her lover into the castle;
worthy wife of a worthy husband. 10
Soon she forgets her fears ; forgets her threatening uncle ;
such love costs little price.
i. clattering, strepltans, quad-
rupedans.
a. citadel, arx, turres, tecta.
3- 55-
4. lie on, premo, presso.
5. fear, beg off, dread, shrink
from.
6. would have been, 40.
8. stroke, mulceo.
9. castle, arx, castra, turns.
10. wife, sponsa, marita, uxor,
coniux.
12. costs, constowithabl. price,
pretium, munus.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 49
23. DUCHESS MAY. IV.
THREE months had gone ; Lynceus surrounds the walls,
a grim man, yet valiant in arms.
Alone the wife of the duke keeps up heart;
the rest see that fate is at hand.
Lynceus rages at her out of his reach while he watches
the fort ; 5
thus a wolf tries a guarded fold.
Unconscious of danger she sits and laughs ;
then hastes to call her attendants.
' Deck me as a future bride/ says she ;
* so decked I will look at my suitor from the wall. 10
Our first bridal, methinks, was too hurried ;
now bring the gold; bring the gems.'
2. yet, tamen may go last word. 6. fold, ovile.
4. be at hand, adsum, subsum. 10. suitor, procus.
5. rages, saevio, furo. out of n. methinks, credo.
his reach, absens.
50 HINTS AND HELPS
24. DUCHESS MAY. V.
MEANWHILE the husband thus revolves his cares;
' To think that I have brought my wife to such a death.
Alas ! the god casts envious glances on our happiness ;
the time of spring does not last a fourth month.
Not for me again shall my brethren risk their worst; 5
dead myself, I will shield off more deaths.
She will weep her woman's tears and pray ;
but hopes made fresh will spring in her breast,
Bring ye the steed she stroked from his stall ;
he must bear me far to-night.'
Through the court, and through the doors, over the high
stairs, they lead him;
out from her bridal chamber comes the wife and asks the
need.
2. to think that I, me-ne with vita.
infinitive. 6. shield off , detrudo, defendo.
3. cast envious glance on, obli- 7. weep, 49.
quis limo oculis, r5do. happiness, 9. stable, stabulum equinum.
commoda. 12. bridal chamber, thalamus.
5. worst, tanta, ultima, mors, need, causa, res, opus.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS.
25. DUCHESS MAY. VI.
THE wife heard, and clinging to the shoulders of him de-
parting
mingled these sad words with her smile:
' Thou canst not tear thyself away ; together we will go ;
I will follow thee, an exiled wife of an exiled man ! 4
Death was made for me too ; me too will the air welcome ;
I shall press, a familiar burden, the back of the steed.'
Twice he removed her hands; twice she replaces them;
into the saddle he springs; still she clings to her husband.
Then in despair the horse paws the air;
up the stairs come the foe; in rush the men. 10
Then with tightened bridle, the heaving flanks of the steed
fall backward, and riders crash down together.
i. dinging, haerens, adhaerens,
vincta.
5. welcomes, grator, excipio.
6. familiar, notus. burden,
sarcma, pondus, onus.
7. them, 62.
8. saddle, back.
9. horse, sompes, quadriipes.
paw, calce fatigo.
10. rush in or 'leap in.'
1 1 . bridle, frenum, habena.
12. crash down, corruo, praeci-
pito.
E 2
5 2
HINTS AND HELPS
26. THE RIVER ALMA.
[Sept. 20, 1854.]
THOUGH no story yet graces thy streams,
though scant in stream thy waters fall,
yet now with proud foot seek the sea,
proudly, Alma, roll thy waves.
In truth, thy waves yesterday had no story; 5
then thou rolledst waves only known to Getse.
Now thy name sounds in all ears for ever;
the world withdrawn in its furthest corner hath heard it.
Two nations will keep up thy name eternal in their annals ;
eternal and deathless is the glory of thy fame. 10
As the moon outshines lesser stars,
so art thou best-known among well-known streams.
Many rivers glide by ancestral cities,
glorious in the sanctity of their ground.
But to thee all that go yield; all are poor 15
by the side of thy fame, sacred rivulet.
Poem by ARCHBISHOP TRENCH.
1. story, fabula, n5men. graces,
honours, preserves.
2. 'waters, fluenta, rivi, lympha.
3. sea, recesses, hiding-places of
the sea.
4. proudly, 54.
5. in truth, scilicet, yesterday,
54-
6. only, tantum, non nisi, modo.
7. for ever, 54.
8. withdrawn, reductus, refusns.
corner, angulus, sinus.
9. two, uterque. annals, fasti.
12. best, use comparative.
14. sanctity, pietas, relligio.
1$. yield, decedo, cedo. be poor,
sordeo.
FOR .LATIN ELEGIACS. 53
27. AEMINIUS AND DOROTHEA. I.
[Read the story as abstracted in Lewes' Life of Goethe.]
THERE was a village ; many a cottage clothes the banks of
the Rhine ;
thither a mournful band seek exile.
They carry with them cattle and creaking wains,
and what wealth a poor man carries for his use.
At the doors stand the citizens, sad and thoughtful: 5,
it is not right to see unstirred another's losses.
Whither do they fly? How dusty their shoes!
How their faces burn with the sun!
Some are silent ; others pile up words with passion ;
others with quaking voice tell of hearths fireless. 10
At the Golden Lion stands the host himself:
his wife distributes food and drink to the exiles.
3. creak, sono, crepo, resono, horreo. shoe, calceus [pes].
crepito. wain, plaustrum. 8, burn, caleo, flagro, ardeo,
4. exiguus census, opes. rubeo.
6. loss, damnum, ruina. un- 9. pile up, glomero. passion, ira,
stirred, lentus, patiens, tranquil- furor [or adj.], 32.
lus. 10. fireless, extinguished.
7. be dusty, pulvere sordeo, u. Golden Lion, [hospitium].
54
HINTS AND HELPS
28. ARMrNTUS AND DOROTHEA. II.
'MAY it be useful and lucky, I pray, what I have seen,'
says he;
'not for nothing did I take gifts to the exiles.
I approached a waggon ; a woman dying was lying there ;
a lovely girl was leading the oxen.
Soon as she saw me, she came forth from the band 5
and with modest voice asks help.
Forthwith I gave her wine and my father's toga;
and unconscious I gave all I had.
What was I to do? I looked at her face; I looked at her
hair ;
a kind of tremor ran through my bones. 10
May be now for the first time has my breast felt passion;
do I deserve to be the wooer of such a maiden ? '
1. 28.
2. for nothing, irritus, temere,
incassum, frustra.
3. 42. 6. modest, modestus,
decens, simplex, [adj. with ' she '
or 'voice'].
8. all I had, [promptus, par-
atus, quicquid erat].
10. akindof,nesc.io quis, 28.
11. passion, flame.
12. deserve, mereo, dignor.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS.
55
29. AE.MINIUS AND DOROTHEA. III.
NOR more does he say : that word when heard by his parent
first gave a hint and awoke fears.
Instantly he replies : * Fool, do you trust love ?
Love is a poorly clad, discomfortable god.
To the rich is he given ; he despises a poor home ; 5
he yields his gifts to pedigrees.
You however who are born of a poor father;
what have you to do with such a god? you will be poor.
In sooth god has wished ancestral property to be increased ;
'tis his law that wealth should be wooed by marriage.' 10
' Why hurl such taunts at your son ? ' says the mother,
' all have not the same gifts.'
1. by, use dat.
2. hint, signum. awake, concito,
incutio, addo [sollicito].
' 3. Instantly 54. fool, demens,
stultus, amens.
4. poorly clad, sordibus usus,
sordidus, [sordeo]. god, dens,
divus, numen.
6. pedigree, titulus, nobilitas.
9. property, bona, res. be in-
creased, augeor, cresco.
10. woo, capto, peto, allicio.
marriage, Hymen.
1 1 . taunts, convlcia, verba mala .
56 HINTS AND HELPS
30. ABMINIUS AND DOROTHEA. IV.
IN the stable she seeks her son ; no longer to him
are vines pleasing ; sick at heart, he neglects his horse.
He is on fire with love ; he hides himself in the orchard ;
here at last she finds and addresses him.
'What have you to do with tears? 5
You said you wished to die for your country.
Give hope to your doubtful heart : drop this modesty :
trust me: love is not to be won in your fashion.
Tis right for you to sound your father's heart by prayers.
Do you know what you wish? I will help you. 10
He only hates with hasty words :
Anger is dear to a man ; dearer ever is his son/
2. be phasing, [placeo, cordi]. 9. sound, probo, tento.
sick at heart, aeger. 10. help, auxiliabor, feremus
3. orchard, hortus, poma. opem.
7. modesty, pudor. n. hasty words, [taunts, re-'
8. fashion, mos. preaches, raging words].
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS.
57
31. THE BATTLE-FIELD.
THE morning sun was looking down from Olympus
surveying the half-dead and shattered limbs of heroes.
Like thunder, had the passion of war spread itself;
and red on fields the corpses lie.
There lies the husband : his hand is lifeless :
a hand, O wife, lately clasped in thine.
Now the claws of the crow foul his breast ;
bloody beaks dive into his cheeks.
Here the son of a widow rests in undeserved death
who left yesterday his cottage never to return.
He, his mother's sole hope, feeds the wolf;
and with his flesh still quivering gives a feast.
Here too a daughter with light foot makes her way,
determined to lift the head of her loved father.
Or over the icy field maddened rushes a maid,
to seek a lover, who left her with other hopes.
1-5
5. lifeless, [langueo, -idus].
6. clasp, premo, prehendo.
8. dive into, scrutor, rimor, in-
sinuo me in. beak, rostrum.
1 1 . sole, solus, unus, unicus.
14. determined, certus, [si
possit, quaerens, gestit, &c.]
16. who, &c.,non hoc pollicitus.
58 HINTS AND HELPS
32. THE JACKDAW OF RHEIMS. I.
[Read with it the Ingoldsby legend.]
THE saints are seated : in the midst had taken his seat Abbas,
himself the chief of priests and pontiffs.
There is one who goes here and there among vestments and
among the crowd,
over sacred vessels, over altar cloths, over the throne.
He tastes the dishes ; looks up at his master ; 5
he hops everywhere, examining everything the bird !
The dinner is over : the board is carried back by the slaves ;
the fish are consumed; the dessert is vanished.
Up come the boys and hand fresh water;
he rises from his cushion to wash, TO
takes off his ring, the gift of a king's bride;
the jackdaw snatches it up with his beak.
1. saints, pii. 7. board, mensa.
2. sacerdos pontifex. chief, 8. dessert, nuces. vanished,
prior. dispereo.
4. cloths, tegmina. 9. hand, do, offero, ministro,
5. dishes, epulae, dapes. looks praebeo.
up, suspicio ore. 10. rises from, desero, destituo.
6. examine, perscrutari, per- 12. Muz/iA, rapio, corripio. beak,
quiro. rostrum, os.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 59
33. THE JACKDAW OP KHEIMS. II.
ALL rush together; they rout out everything;
in the hubbub each seeks his own business.
They ransack the monks ; they beat and shake the carpets ;
Abbas himself shakes his purple shoes.
He treads down his heels; he shakes out the toes also; the
dishes 5
he turns over; that ring is hidden.
Then at last, in holy anger and like to one threatening,
he devotes to death the thief whoever he shall be.
All had heard : lame with drooping wing
soon is seen the bird once so gay. 10
With feeble voice he bids all approach:
they follow : in his nest is seen the ring.
1. rout out, rimor, scrutor. excutio. dish, lanx, esca posita.
2. hubbub, murmur. 9. lame, claudus. droop, lan-
3. monks, monachus. carpet, gueo.
tapete. 10. once, [qui modo, qui fuerat,
5. tread down, tero. shake out, qui fuit ante, &c.]
6o
HINTS AND HELPS
34. RETUBN OF CAPTIVES.
AT last they near Kataro's well-known fields,
Corydon, stifling tears, broke silence thus,
' Up, Tela, sister mine, seek thy white home
I seek my garden and my vineyard dear.
Who ties the vines? I fain would know, 5
who plucks the grapes ? who owns the soil ? '
He enters, and lo! his aged mother cuts her tresses,
hangs them on vine stocks, vows for his return.
See how the vines she moistens with her tears,
hear for his safety how she pours the prayer, 10
' O Corydon, son beloved, my golden apple,
how long with hot tears must I mourn thy absence ?
woe worth the day and yet more for my daughter,
Tela, loved one, when wilt thou return?'
Whom greeting he, ' God help thee, poor bereaved one, 15
will no one spare thine age and tend thy vines?'
i. at length they have come
through (use impers. pass.).
4. [ad violasque, hortus et
uva.]
6. [cuius ager? quis domina-
tur?]
7. [in palmite.]
8. [sad vows.]
9. moistens, irr5ro, irrigo, rigo.
tear, lacrima, fletus.
10. [trembling voice : many
prayers, plurima vota.]
11. dearer than gold.
12. must I mourn, [flendus eris,
illacrimare, fates bid me weep.]
14. tenuere morae; reditura.
FOR LA TIN ELEGIA CS. 6 1
35. THE GYPSY.
SEE an old woman wandering from city to city !
with black skin, matted hair, naked feet. '
Powerful in every art, prescient of the future
she tells boys and girls what is coming.
If you give an as, she will scan your palm ; 5
she will unravel what each mark means.
Are you a merchant ? what gain will she predict !
or do you cultivate the ground ? what a harvest will be yours !
Are you a soldier, and wish to learn the future ?
you will be a famous general after a short time, says she. 10
To mothers a progeny, and to maids
she gives husbands surpassing in beauty and riches.
Such her w r ords, her promises ; but do not believe,
whether thou art mother or maid, I pray.
She gives thee not wealth, merchant ; trust thy toil ; 15
soldier, act to do good to thy country, not for thyself.
1. [miserable, alone, through 7. merchant, mercator, [rem
cities.] a g]- gain, quaestus.
2. matted, squalidus, ace. of 10. famous, insignis, clams,
respect. fama digrms.
3. [praenuntia, praesaga, prae- n. 10.
scia.] 13. promise, promitto, polliceor,
5. scan, servitor. spondeo, spem addo. 43.
6. unravel, expedio. mark, 14. whether, 60.
nota. 1 6. do good, prosum, consulo.
62 HINTS AND HELPS
36. THE FRIENDS.
HARK from the mead ! what sounds of woe and pain !
a nymph, may be, or a serpent moans.
No moan of nymph that, or serpent's cry;
a hero lies in mortal agony.
To whom Mauducius : ' Brother, whence thy woe ? ' 5
In answer Ilius, ' Wounded am I to death.'
' I bring help,' says he ; ' endure thy wounds ;
' see, I make a bed to soothe thy pain/
'Nay, friend, 'tis vain, aid not, nor make my bed,
but bear me to my mother, to my home. 10
Let her lave my wounds ; the loved one make my bed, in
my ravings;
let my sister give me drink when thirsty.'
The othtr says, * My home is near ; let my mother see to
thy wounds ;
let my loved one make thy bed ; my sister give thee drink/
' Nay, friend, no stranger hand heals wounds, gives drink/ 15
He spake and yielded up his soul to God.
2. [sive qua nympha : anne soothe, qui sublevet, 70.
draco?] n. rave, furo.
4. on this soil lies and dies a 13. see to, euro, sano, inspicio.
hero. 15. stranger, alienus, exteraus,
8. support, sublevo, raulceo. to extents, ignotus.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 63
37. THE WINNING OP CADIZ. I.
LONG had the proud Spaniards advanced to conquer us,
threatening our country with fire and sword ;
often preparing their navy most sumptuous,
with all the provision that Spain could afford.
To the seas presently went our lord admiral, 5
with knights courageous and captains full good;
the Earl of Essex, a prosperous general,
with him prepared to pass the salt flood.
At Plymouth speedily took they ships valiantly,
braver ships never were seen under sail : 10
with their fair colours spread, and streamers o'er their head :
now, bragging Spaniards, take heed of your tail.
Unto Cadiz cunningly came we most happily
where the king's navy did secretly hide ;
being upon their backs, piercing their butts of sack, 15
ere that the Spaniards our coming descried.
THOS. DELONY, 1586.
1. when into our fields the 10. specie nobiliore, splendida
Spaniard (Hispanus) carried war. mole : [or exclamation, What
2. sword, manus. beauty!]
3. navy, fleet and men. u. colours, streamers, signa,
4. treasury did prepare provi- vexilla.
sion, gaza, opes. 12. plague take the hindmost;
5. our men go to the seas; the go, men, occupet scabies extremum.
noble hero their leader ; see hint. 13. in cunning they seek Gades;
6. nobles, nobilitas, together, fortune favoured.
comes. 14. here lies the (tberus) fleet
7. you too, once honoured by in its haven, 20.
a land triumph. 10. 15. no delay ; the casks are
8. [per freta salsa,] pierced ; dolium, cadus.
9. [reach harbour, mount ships.]
HINTS AND HELPS
38. THE WINNING OF CADIZ. II.
GREAT was the crying, running, and riding
which at that season was made at that place :
their beacons were fired as needs was required:
to hide their great treasure they had little space.
There you might see the ships, how they were fired fast,
and how the men drowned themselves in the sea;
there you may hear them cry, wail, and weep piteously,
when as they saw no shift to escape thence away.
The Earl of Essex most valiant and hardy,
with horsemen and footmen marched toward the town ; i
the enemies which saw them, full greatly affrighted,
did fly for their safeguard, and durst not come down.
' Now/ quoth the noble Earl, ' courage, my soldiers all !
Fight and be valiant, and spoil you shall have :
and well rewarded all, from the great to the small; 15
But look that the women and children you save/
THOS. DELONY, 1586.
1. use verbs rather than sub-
stantives. 55.
2. so great a city, such a time.
3. beacons, torches, taedae, faces.
4. [that place does not hold;
who can hide so much . . ]
5. how, [literal, or separate
clauses, or ace. inf. after videas].
6. drown, praecipito.
7. fletus, gemitus, querella.
8. no help nor flight of death
[new sentence].
9. one most brave.
10. the footmen, the horsemen,
eques,pedes,sing.[separateclauses].
11. at the sight the enemy fly;
alarmed go.
12. the bands through the gates
and seek safeguard.
14. be quick, my men.
15. [munera carpunt ; vilesque
ducesque.]
16. girls and boys, mothers and
children ; safety, salus.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 65
39. THE WINT$nN"G OF CADIZ. III.
THE Spaniards at that sight, saw 'twas in vain to fight,
hung up their flags of truce, yielding the town :
we marched in presently, decking the walls on high
with our English colours which purchased renown.
Ent'ring the houses then, and of the richest men, 5
for gold and treasure we searched each day ;
in some places we did find pie baking in the oven,
meat at the fire roasting, and men ran away.
Full of rich merchandize, each shop we did see,
damask and satins and velvet full fair, 10
which soldiers measure out by the length of their swords;
of all commodities each one hath a share.
Thus Cadiz was taken, and our brave general
marched to the market-place, there he did stand ;
there many prisoners of good account were took : -15
many craved mercy, and mercy they found.
THOS. DELONY, 1586.
1. [pugnare valebant, vis tanta the fire ; [torreo, 34].
negatur.] 8. pies prepared for others
2. [significant, dant signa. yield, [crusta].
cedere, do manus.] 9. [taberna, merx.]
3. no delay ; walls draped with 10. not more was there in thy
English (Britannus) colours: 20. houses, oh Damascus. 10 [seriea
4. renown accompanies the gaza, purpura vestis.]
English colours. n. measure, met or.
5. joy to bring together the 13. Gades.
booty. 14. in the middle of the forum.
6. the houses yield stores. Lar, [constitit, progreditur.]
domus, penetrale. 15. nobles, gallant bodies, 16.
7. which is already roasting at 16. 66 [vanae preces].
66
HINTS AND HELPS
40. THE HUNTER.
NEXT Reynard's turned out and o'er hedge and field rush
hounds, horses, and huntsmen, all hard at his brush.
They view him at length, and they have him at bay,
and by scent or by view cheat a long tedious day.
Alike born for sports in the field or the course 5
he's sure to run thorough a staunch and fleet horse,
and when fairly run down the fox yields up his breath
the high mettled racer is in at the death.
At length old and feeble, trudging early and late
bowl'd down by diseases he bends to his fate : 10
blind, old, lean and feeble he tugs round the mill
or draws sand, till the sand of his hour-glass stands still.
And now cold and lifeless, exposed to the view
in the very same cart which he yesterday drew,
while a pitying crowd his sad relics surrounds 15
the high mettled racer is sold to the hounds.
DIBDIN.
1. hedge, sepes, septum, and,
repeat the preposition.
2. rush, impers. verb, [cauda
fngit].
3. bay, impediunt viam, cingitur
corona.
4. cheat, decipio, fallo.
6. thorough, ad extrenram [non
superatur].
7. ghost, aura vitalis.
8.- slower than none. 66.
9. overcome by disease and age,
[aevum, annis, senectus].
11. whether he tugs round a
mill, molam torqueo. blind, 23.
12. with failing strength.
13. at length even in a cart,
plaustrum.
14. (in his turn he had just been
drawing it), is he drawn, 69.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 67
41. THE CID AND THE LEPER. I.
HE has ta'en some twenty gentlemen, along with him to go,
for he will pay that ancient vow he to Saint James
doth owe,
to Compostella, where the shrine doth by the altar stand,
the good Rodrigo de Bivar is riding through the land,
where'er he goes, much alms he throws, to feeble folk
and poor ; 5
beside the w r ay, for him they pray, him blessings to procure ;
for, God and Mary Mother, their heavenly grace to win
his hand was ever bountiful; great was his joy therein.
And there in middle of the path a leper did appear :
in a deep slough the leper lay; to help, none would
come near, 10
though earnestly to them did cry, 'For God our Saviour's sake,
from out this fearful jeopardy a Christian brother take ! '
When Roderick heard that piteous word, he from his
horse came down;
for all they said no stay he made, that noble champion,
he reached his hand to pluck him forth, of fear was no
account, 15
then mounting on his steed of worth, and made the leper
mount. J. G. LOCKHART.
1. himself the twentieth R6- 7. Mater Maria.
dricus, or use two clauses. 8. so, they say, may thy hand
2. pay, solvo, persolvo, luo. be kind.
Saint, Divus. 9. leper, qui squalet, horret sor-
3. he goes to Compostella. dibus,
be near, iungor, tango. 12. help, levo ; brother, 6.
4. rides, pervehitur, lustro equo. 13. come down, descendo.
land, pagi, prata, rura, agri. 14. he makes no stay, not he.
5. alms, munera, sera, nummi. 15. no account, non cura.
6. blessings, omnia fausta.
F 2
68 HINTS AND HELPS
42. THE OLD AND THE LEPER. II.
BEHIND him rode the leprous man ; when to their hostelrie
they came, he made him eat with him at table cheerfully;
While all the rest from that poor guest with loathing
shrunk away,
to his own bed the wretch he led, beside him there he lay.
All at the mid-hour of the night, while good Rodrigo slept,
a breath came from the leper which through his shoulders
crept ; 6
right through the body, by the heart, passed forth that breath-
ing cold ;
I wot he leaped up with a start, in terrors manifold.
He groped for him in the bed, but him he could not find,
through the dark chamber groped he, with sore and anxious
mind; 10
loudly he lifted up his voice, with speed a lamp was brought,
yet nowhere was the leper seen, though far and near they sought.
He turned him to his chamber, God wot ! perplexed sore
with that which had befallen when lo ! his face before,
there stood a man all clothed in vesture shining white ; 15
Thus said the vision, ' Sleepest thou, or wakest thou,
Sir Knight ? ' J. G. LOCKHART.
1. they had come (use the 8. 'soon may you see/ 'who
impers. pass.} to the fort. could say with what.'
2. share, participo. invite, 9. he moves his hands.
voco. 57. 10. he was nowhere, 54.
3. 'with fear of,' or 'and fear n. blames, culpo, increpo, in-
disease.' crepito.
4. [audeo, dignor, non dubito.] 13. then back again, nor does
5. it was night, and he know what, &c.
6. a breath freezes the bones. 14. then sees he a man standing,
7. a cold breathing freezes his 8.
heart, 63. 15. some one, I know-not-who.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 69
43. THE CID AND THE LEPER. III.
' I SLEEP not/ quoth Rodrigo, ' but tell me who art thou,
for in the midst of darkness, much light is on thy brow ? '
I am the holy Lazarus, I come to speak with thee;
I am the same poor leper thou savedst for charity.
Not vain the trial nor in vain thy victory hath been, 5
God favours thee, for that my pain thou didst relieve
yestreen,
there shall be honour with thee, in battle and in peace,
success in all thy doings, and beautiful increase.
Strong enemies shall not prevail thy greatness to .undo ;
thy name shall make men's cheeks full pale Christians and
Moslems too ; 10
a death of honour shalt thou die, such grace to thee is given,
thy soul shall part victoriously, and be received in heaven.'
When he these gracious words had said, the spirit van-
ished quite,
Rodrigo rose and knelt him down he knelt till morning
light :
Unto the heavenly Father, and Mary Mother dear, 15
He made his prayer right humbly, till dawned the morn-
ing clear.
J. G. LOCKHART.
i. who and whence ? 10. Moslems, barbaries.
4- f or ) prae, motus. 12. 'stars await soul,' or 'thy
5. /a/[patior].wV&ry,[trium- soul victorious disappears into the
pho, laboro], stars.'
7. ' let there be peace, let there 14. [matutinae preces, con-
be war,' or ' at home and abroad.' tinuat noctem diemque.]
8. 66.
HINTS AND HELPS
44. DEATH OF ADOIVIS.
STRETCHED on the ground the wounded hunter lies;
weep, Queen of Beauty, weep, he bleeds, he dies.
Why did he venturous the wild chase explore
from his dark den to rouse the shaggy boar ?
Adonis hears not; life's last drops fall slow
in streams of purple down those limbs of snow;
from his pale cheek the fading roses fly
and dewy mist obscures that radiant eye.
His faithful dogs bewail their master slain
and mourning wood nymphs pour a plaintive strain.
Haste, fill with flowers, with rosy wreaths his bed;
strew with fresh flowers our loved Adonis' head ;
round his pale corpse each breathing perfume strew ;
let weeping myrtles pour their balmy dew :
while Venus grieves and Cupids round deplore
and mourn her beauty and her love no more.
2. take to tears, Venus [eo in,
non teneo].
3. z'//-//w^,importunus. coverts,
latebrae, lustra.
4. rouse, exagito.
5 . not hearing, immemor, [fallo] .
6. purple dashes snow, [distin-
guo].
7. take lilies in exchange for
roses [muto].
10. Drjades howl, [exululo],
15. Am5res.war,prope,propter.
FOR LA TIN ELE GIA CS. 7 1
45. TO MAZZINI.
As Genoa from the waves is seen to stand,
a marble giant hewn from arid strand;
thus whilst the ages rock in storm-tossed night,
thou standest firm in solitary might.
Whence, still a dreamer, scarce to life awake, 5
of old Columbus saw the new world break;
to thee with Gracchus' heart and Dante's eye
dawned through the gloaming a third Italy.
With eye of faith, thou called' st her from the grave,
the dead thou left'st to bury their dead brave. 10
To-day, grey exile, lift that smileless face ;
heaven's frowns or smiles there never scored their trace :
and think, thou truest Knight of the sang real,
the real is never realler than the ideal.
From G, CARDUCCI.
1. Genua. waves [siipinus]. 9. thou didst see; and
2. a giant acts sentinel to, servat n. white hair, abst. for concrete
gigas. idea. 3.
3. ages, saecula. 12. let fate be good, let it be of
4. stand, press the ground. evil, thou art calm.
6. Columbus. 13. thou who followest faith
7. thence to thee, who sur- in its flight,
passest Gracchi in courage. 14. real, gravis.
72 HINTS AND HELPS
46. TOM BOWLINQ.
HERE, a sheer hulk, lies poor Tom Bowling, the darling of
our crew ;
no more he'll hear the tempest howling, for death has broached
him to.
His form was of the manliest beauty, his heart was kind and
soft;
faithful below he did his duty, but now he's gone aloft. 4
Tom never from his word departed, his virtues were so rare ;
his friends were many and true-hearted, his Poll was kind and
fair,
and then he'd sing so blithe and jolly, ah, many's the time
and oft !
But mirth is turned to melancholy, for Tom is gone aloft. 8
Yet shall poor Tom find pleasant weather, when He who all
commands,
shall give, to call life's crew together, the word to pipe all
hands. 10
Thus death, who kings and tars dispatches, in vain Tom's
life has doffed ;
for though his body's under hatches, his soul is gone aloft.
C. DIBDIN.
1. sheer hulk, 'mere timber,' 7. ' why tell of ' or ' nor less his
' useless log,' ' wood and nought voice,' &c.
else.' 8. mirth, Sec. 69.
2. ' death is to you a port,' 23. 9. yet, olim, quondam.
or ' land is made.' n. 10. Death, 'mors, fata,
3. 66. Libitma, Proserpina.
12. hatches [alveus].
FOR LA TIN ELE GIA CS. 7 3
47. OTTJMBA.
[' Conquest of Mexico,' v. 4.]
LIKE the rising wave of Ocean, when the sudden blast is strong,
and sweeps the face of the foaming sea, and hurries it along,
so rose that host in vengeance, for they see the coming foe
and the billows of the warrior bands are moving to and fro :
and loud the shout of triumph rose, like Ocean's angry roar,
for the prey they waited for is come and vengeance is in
store. 6
Back shrank the Spaniards, pale and awed, for ill can mortal
eye
Behold at first the awful sight that summons him to die.
Back shrank the Spaniards, pale and awed but Cortes' voice
is loud
' And fear ye, then, ye sons of Spain, yon vast and slavish
crowd ? 10
and have ye then forgot the foes ye trampled 'neath your feet ?
or, seek ye mercy from their hands, or safety in retreat ?
let him who will return and flee, despair of hope and life
him who would trust their faith, await the altar and the knife
but all who follow fame or me, descend to yonder plain, 15
and charge in St. lago's name for victory and Spain.'
1. blast, 7- 10. 'my columns,' agmen ;
2. hurries, rapio, praeripio, ago, roars, boo.
praecipito. II. trampled, proculco.
3. in vengeance, ultor, 16. 12. * where is hope of flight? *
4. move, aestuo, ftuo, fluito, 72. 13. return or flight, 55. will,
6. the prey comes, they cry; the 45.
prey comes ready, 62. 14. him who, 70, * nought
7. the Spaniard, Hispanus, i, but the knife awaits.'
69. 16. lacobus, 10.
74
HINTS AND HELPS
48. DEATH OF DON PEDRO. I.
HENRY and King Pedro clasping,
hold in straining arms each other;
tugging hard and closely grasping,
brother proves his strength with brother.
Harmless pastime, sport fraternal,
blend not thus their limbs in strife ;
either aims, with rage infernal,
naked dagger, sharpened knife.
Close Don Henry grapples Pedro,
Pedro holds Don Henry strait,
breathing, this triumphant fury,
that, despair and mortal hate.
Sole spectator of the struggle,
stands Don Henry's page afar,
in the chase who bore his bugle,
and who bore his sword in war.
10
1. the king holds Henricus.
2. Henry presses the king, 55,
6.
3. [immisceo manus manibus,
pugnam lacesso.]
4. the two brothers, uterque.
5. here no sport ; no play.
6. [simulo, simulacra.]
8. 'the right hand,' ' the left.'
9. grapples, stringo, presso.
11. the former, ille.
12. the latter, hie [spes cadit].
13. 'one is present.'
14. a page, puer.
15. 'he had carried his bugle,
while* [lituus].
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 75
49. DEATH OP DON PEDRO. II.
DOWN they go in deadly wrestle,
down upon the earth they go,
fierce King Pedro has the vantage,
stout Don Henry falls below.
Marking then the fatal crisis, 5
up the page of Henry ran,
by the waist he caught Don Pedro,
aiding thus the fallen man:
King to place or to depose him,
dwelleth not in my desire, 10
but the duty which he owes him
to his master pays the squire.
Now Don Henry has the upmost,
now King Pedro lies beneath:
in his heart his brother's poniard . 15
instant finds its bloody sheath.
1. 'so again, so oft they fall.' ance.'
2. 'the earth cannot reconcile.' 9. [non dignor, non meum est,
3. Pedro, Petrus. sum minor quam qui.]
4. 'bites the earth,' 8. 10. to set up, constituo. 39.
5. crisis, discnmen, periclum. n. [debita exsolvo.]
6 ' with quickening steps,' ' in- 12. nor a truant do I refuse help
stantly,' < without delay,' 54. [fugitivus].
7. waist, mid body, 17. 15. (no need of that other
8. ' and gives help and assist- sheath,) 69.
76 HINTS AND HELPS
50. PLIGHT OF THE MOORS FROM GRANADA.
THERE was crying in Granada when the sun was going down;
some calling on the Trinity some calling on Mahoun.
Here passed away the Koran there in the Cross was borne
And here was heard the Christian bell and there the Moorish
horn:
Te Deum Laudamus ! was up the Alcala sung : 5
down from the Alhambra's minarets were all the crescents
flung ;
the arms thereon of Arragon they with Castile's display;
one King comes in in triumph one weeping goes away.
Thus cried the weeper, while his hands his old white beard
did tear,
'Farewell, farewell, Granada! thou city without peer! 10
Woe, woe, thou pride of Heathendom ! seven hundred years
and more
have gone since first the faithful thy royal sceptre bore !
Thou wert the happy mother of a high renowned race ;
within thee dwelt a haughty line that now go from their place ;
within thee fearless knights did dwell, who fought with mickle
glee 15
the enemies of proud Castile the bane of Christentie ! '
1 . sunset ; crying in the banished n. how many hundred years
city. have gone by.
2. the two sides their own God ; 12. since, ex quo.
utrique suum numen. 14. my fathers once inhabited
3. Koran, liber. thee.
4. bell, campana. trumpet, tuba. 15. dwell, incSlo.
5. Alcala, Mons sacer. 1 6. Castile, regnum. Queen
6. crescents, signa. minaret, Isabella and king Ferdinand com-
turris. monly called the kings. Christen-
7. of Arragon and Castile, tie, crux.
Reges.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 77
51. FLIGHT OF THE MOORS FKOM GBANADA.
n.
' FOR here did valour flourish, and deeds of warlike might
ennobled lordly palaces in which was our delight.
The gardens of thy Vega, its fields and blooming bowers
Woe ! woe ! I see their beauty gone and scattered all their
flowers !
No reverence can he claim the King that such a land hath
lost 5
on charger never can he ride, nor be heard among the host ;
but in some dark and dismal place, where none his face may
see,
there, weeping and lamenting, alone that King should be.'
Thus spake Granada's king as he was riding to the sea,
about to cross Gibraltar's Strait away to Barbary: 10
thus he in heaviness of soul unto his Queen did cry
(He had stopped and ta'en her in his arms, for together they
did fly.)
' Unhappy King ! whose craven soul can brook ' (she 'gan
reply)
' to leave behind Granada who hast not heart to die !
Now for the love I bore thy youth, thee gladly could I
slay 15
for what is life to leave when such a crown is cast away ? '
2. ennoble, spargo nobilitate, 10. while flying to the Syrtes
illustro. and the strait of Hercules.
3. Vega, a sloping valley [su- 12. [corripio.]
pinus]. 13. brook, dignor.
4. gone, pereo, depereo. 14. to-think-that-thou couldest
5. reverence, obsequium. 'Who not die! tene.
will give ? ' 15. I loved thee ; in token there-
6. I should not dare to give of, pignus in appos. to sentence,
orders to a charger, nor to men. 16. I would gladly slay thee.
7. [latebrae, recessus.]
HINTS AND HELPS
52. THE QUADROON GIRL. I.
THE slaver in the broad Lagoon
lay moored with idle sail;
he waited for the rising moon,
and for the evening gale.
Under the shore his boat was tied,
and all her listless crew,
watched the gray alligator slide
into the still bayou.
Odors of orange-flowers, and spice,
reached them from time to time,
like airs that breathe from Paradise
upon a world of crime.
The Planter, under his roof of thatch,
smoked thoughtfully and slow;
the Slaver's thumb was on the latch,
he seemed in haste to go.
H. W. LONGFELLOW.
TO
1 . see you not? Lagoon, Lacuna.
2. [no breeze fills, what delay
holds.]
3. ' waits till the moon shine.'
4. till the evening's breeze move
the bark.
6. listless, [otiatero vana], 17.
7. alligator, monstrum praterise.
8. ' they watch where he goes
and care not.'
9. oranges, aurea p5ma.
10. odors, narum eopia.
11. world, mille figurae.
12. Paradise, Elysium.
13. the planter, colSnus, [fri-
gus capio].
14. smokes, fumum vomit.
15. Slaver, nauta, magister.
[aversis gradibus].
1 6. ' impatient of delay.'
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 79
53. THE QUADROON GIRL. II.
HE said, 'My ship at anchor rides
in yonder broad lagoon;
I only wait the evening tides,
and the rising of the moon.'
Before them, with her face upraised, 5
in timid attitude,
like one half curious, half amazed,
a Quadroon maiden stood.
Her eyes were large and full of light,
her arms and neck were bare; 10
no garment she wore, save a kirtle bright,
and her own long raven hair.
'The soil is barren, the farm is old/
the thoughtful Planter said;
then looked upon the Slaver's gold 15
and then upon the maid.
H. W. LONGFELLOW.
1. ' an anchor holds my ship.' 10. hope and fear tossed her
2. where the lagoon meets the breast.
sea. ii. kirtle,' zona. garment,
3. evening, ' vespertinus' or amictus.
'dumae.' 12. save (ni) where her hair
5. Libyca de matre. covers her cheeks.
6. her modest forehead was full 13. old, senesco.
of fear. 14. so says he, * while he medi-
7. half, ' alternans * or ' miranti tates with himself.'
similis similisque timenti.'
8o HINTS AND HELPS
54. THE VICTOR'S RETURN.
AMIDST the gloom of silent night
a war-like sound now advances,
the winds waft it hither in their flight,
it seems the clash of lances.
My heart is sad, but not with fear ; 5
it throbs with hope while I listen :
they tramp in time to the music I hear;
their torch-lighted lances glisten.
How many thousand hearts now beat
like mine with fond expectation, 10
they doubt, they fear, they hope to greet
the friends that guard their nation.
The heroes come with laurels crowned,
they come with trophies of glory;
their coursers bound and their trumpets resound; 15
our bards shall record their story.
2. ' what sound advances ?' 7. 'do you hear, or;' [conso-
4. 'so spear sounds colliding nus].
with spear.' 10. [anxietas.]
6. throb, trepido, [nescio quis].
FOR LA TIN ELEGIA CS. 8 1
55. THE WHITE SHIP. I.
THE butcher of Rouen, poor Berold,
by none but me can the tale be told.
'Twas a royal train put forth to sea :
yet the tale can be told by none but me.
King Henry held it as life's whole gain, 5
that after his death his son should reign.
The times had changed since on either coast
clerkly Harry was all his boast.
Of ruthless strokes full many an one
he had struck to crown himself and son; 10
and his elder brother's eyes were gone.
And when to the chase his court would crowd
the poor flung ploughshares on his road.
But all the chiefs of the English land
had knelt and kissed the prince's hand. 15
And next with his son he sailed to France
to claim the Norman allegiance.
'Twas sworn and sealed, and the day had come
when the king and the prince might journey home.
ROSSETTI.
1 . Rouen, Ruta. meat-market, lines [ambitione tvimeo, saevio].
gives me gain, macellum. 12. chase, venatus [exerceo, fre-
2. tale, fabula [facta], quento].
5. [vitae praepono, malo quam 13. ploughshares, vomes.
vitam, miro propero amore.] 14. chiefs, nobilitas, 3. Eng-
6. reign, sceptra gero, teneo ; lish, Anglus, 20.
regno. Put 14, 15, 16, 17 into two
7. once he was gentler. Latin lines.
8. [scripta Hbrique.] 19. [Redux.]
9. TO, n, will go into two Latin
HINTS AND HELPS
56. THE WHITE SHIP. II.
STOUT Fitz-Stephen came to the king,
a pilot famous in seafaring;
and he held to the king in all men's sight,
a mark of gold for his tribute's right.
'Liege Lord! my father guided the ship,
from whose boat your father's foot did slip
when he caught the English soil in his grip.
He was borne to the realm you rule o'er now,
in that ship with the archer carved at her prow :
and thither I'll bear, an' it be my due,
your father's son and his grandson too.
The famed white ship is mine in the bay;
from Harfleur's harbour she sails to-day,
with masts fair-pennoned as Norman spears,
and with fifty well-tried mariners.'
Quoth the king, ' My ships are chosen each one,
but I'll not say nay to Stephen's son.
My son and daughter and fellowship
shall cross the water in the White Ship.'
ROSSETTI.
1. Fitz-Stephen, Filius Stephani.
2. 66.
3. all men, knights and common
people, sight. Use verb.
4. mark, stips.
5. 6, 7, in two Latin lines.
9. whose figure-head holds an
arrow [sculpta figura].
10. due, debita, iusta.
1 1 . grandson, natus nati, nepos,
progenies.
13. she sails, you will soon have
left (the wind blows favourable),
39. Leave out Harfleur.
14. < each mast has a pennon ;
you might think you saw, etc.,'
or ' as the masts their pennons, so
our spearshafts hold theirs.' pen-
non, signum. spearshaft, hastile.
16, 17, 18, 19, may be done in
two Latin verses.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 83
57. THE WHITE SHIP. III.
THE king set sail with the eve's south wind,
the prince and all his remain behind.
With noble knights and with ladies fair,
with courtiers and sailors gathered there,
three hundred living souls we were, 5
And I : Berold was the meanest hind
in all that train to the Prince assigned.
The Prince was a lawless, shameless youth ;
from his father's loins he sprang without ruth.
And now he cried, 'Bring wine from below; 10
let the sailors revel ere yet they row.
Our speed shall o'ertake my father's flight,
though we sail from the harbour at midnight.'
The rowers made good cheer without check;
the night was light and they danced on the deck. 15
But at midnight's stroke they cleared the bay,
and the White Ship furrowed the watery way.
ROSSETTI.
i . [littora foveo, amo.] 1 1 . revel, luxurio, luxuria frui.
3, 4, 5, to be done in two Latin 12. speed [remis velisque].
lines. 14. good cheer, indulgeo Genio,
5. souls, corpora viva. inflor laccho.
7. 66. 15. deck, trabes.
G 2
84 HINTS AND HELPS
58. THE WHITE SHIP. IV.
THE sails were set and the oars kept tune
to the double flight of the ship and the moon.
Swifter and swifter the White Ship sped,
Till she flew as the spirit flies from the dead.
As white as a lily glimmered she, 5
like a ship's fair ghost upon the sea.
And the Prince cried, ' Friends, 'tis the hour to sing !
Is a songbird's course so swift on the wing?'
From brown throats, white throats, merry and strong,
the knights and the ladies -raised a song. 10
A song, nay a shriek that rent the sky,
of three hundred living that now must die.
An instant shriek that sprang to the shock
as the ship's keel felt the sunken rock.
'Tis said that afar, a shrill strange sigh, 15
the king's ships heard it and knew not why.
ROSSETTI.
1. set [tumeo]. n. 'what do I say?'
2. flight [celero viam pariter, 14. shriek [nuntia mortis, necis
aequo vias]. instantis].
5. 72. 15. knew not why [triste per
6. ghost, species falsa, vana. augurium eo, ducor, ign5ro qui
8. ' no song-bird flies swifter.' sit et unde sonus].
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS.
59. THE WHITE SHIP. V.
A MOMENT the pilot's senses spin;
then he loosed the boat, and the youth leapt in.
A few friends leapt with him, standing near;
'Row! the sea's smooth, and the night is clear/
'What! none to be saved, but these and I?'
' Row, row, as you 'd live ! All here must die/
Put on the churn of the choking ship
they struck with the strained oars' flash and dip.
'Twas then o'er the splitting bulwarks' brim
the Prince's sister screamed to him.
He gazed aloft, still rowing apace,
and through the whirled surf he knew her face.
To the toppling decks clave one and all,
as a fly cleaves to a chamber wall.
I prayed for myself and quaked with fear;
But I saw his eyes as he looked at her.
ROSSETTI.
i. spin [menteinper omnia ver- 7. churn [turbo], spuma. cfiok-
sat, non scit quid denique tentetj. ing, premor, sido.
3. near, propter. n. apace , vi, omnibus remis.
4. row, utor remis. 14. cleaves, coeo cum, haereo,
5. ' how few are here ! ' [quo- [teneo pede.]
tus]. Call the prince lulus. 15. [quod potui], see 69.
86
HINTS AND HELPS
60. THE WHITE SHIP. VI.
HE knows her face and he heard her cry,
And he said, * Put back ! she must not die.'
And back with the current's force they reel,
like a leaf that's drawn to a water wheel.
O'er the naked keel as she best might slide
the sister toiled to the brother's side.
He reached an oar to her from below
and stiffened his arms to clutch her so.
But now from the ship some spied the boat,
and 'saved* was the cry from many a throat.
And down to the boat they leapt and fell :
it turned as a bucket turns in a well.
The Prince that was and the king to come
there in an instant went to his doom.
God only knows where his soul did wake ;
but I saw him die for his sister's sake.
ROSSETTI.
2. put back, verto remos. she, do rigida.
etc., 'lest she die,' or 'death must
be kept off.'
3. reel [the ship sucks in the
boat], resorbeo.
5- 65.
8. stiffen, lenta rigore teneo,
10. [via salutis fit, adest.]
12. bucket, vas. -well, puteus.
13. Prince, filius regis.
15. soul woke, 'spirit went.'
1 6. ' dies that she may live.'
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 87
61. THE WHITE SHIP. VII.
WITH prayers in vain and curses in vain,
the White Ship sundered on the mid main.
And what were men and what was a ship
were toys and splinters in the sea's grip.
The ship was gone and the crowd was gone, 5
and the deep shuddered and the moon shone.
And in a straight grasp my arms did span
the mainyard rent from the mast where it ran;
and on it with me was another man.
Where lands were none 'neath the dim sea sky, 10
we told our names, that man and I.
'Oh, I am Godefroy de 1'Aigle hight,
and son I am to a belted Knight/
'And I am Berold, the butcher's son,
who slays the beasts in Rouen town.' 15
' Oh, farewell, friend, for I can no more : '
* Christ take thee/ I moaned; and his life was o'er.
ROSSETTI.
i. prayers, curses [Superi, n. de T Aigle, 'an eagle is my
Acheron], father's crest,' insigne.
3. were. Use plup., 38. 12. a belt, zona, marks my father
4. toy [ludibrium]. as a knight.
7, 8, 9, to be two Latin verses. 14. 68. ' To him I.'
mainyard, antenna. 15. Rouen, Ruta.
another, 66. 16. ' use better fates.'
88 HINTS AND HELPS
62. THE WHITE SHIP. VIII.
AT last the morning rose on the sea,
like an angel's wing that beat towards me.
Sore numbed I was in my sheepskin coat ;
half dead I hung and might nothing note,
till I woke sun-warmed in a fisher's boat.
The sun was high o'er the eastern brim
as I praised God and gave thanks to Him.
That day I told my tale to a priest,
who charged me keep it in mine own breast.
We spoke with the king's high chamberlain,
and he wept and mourned again and again
as if his own son had been slain.
And who so bold that might tell the thing
which now they knew to their lord the king?
At last the king heard the sad news said;
King Henry fell as a man struck dead.
Full many an hour bids kings to smile;
but this king never smiled again.
ROSSETTI.
2. as if it brings a message
from heaven [nuntioj.
3, 4, 5. to make two Latin lines.
3. sheepskin coat, pellis, pellis
bidentis.
5. sun-warmed, apricus. fisher s
[alienus].
8. priest, vates. tale, ' fata,' or
' what I suffered.'
10, u, 12. to make two Latin
lines.
14. 'the tale which had been
long known,' or ' what the people
frightened were muttering.'
17. smile [frons laeta, risus],
[genio fruor, in risus ora solve].
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 89
63, THE WRECK OF THE HESPERUS. I.
f IT was the schooner ' Hesperus '
1 that sailed the wintry sea,
(and the skipper had taken his little daughter
1 to bear him company.
Blue were her eyes as the fairy flax,
her cheeks like the dawn of day,
and her bosom white as the hawthorn buds 5
that ope in the month of May.
f Down came the storm and smote amain
i the vessel in her strength ;
( she shuddered and paused like a frighted steed,
( then leaped her cable's length.
' Come hither ! come hither ! my little daughter,
and do not tremble so: 10
for I can weather the roughest gale
that ever wind did blow.'
He wrapped her warm in his seaman's coat
against the stinging blast;
he cut a rope from a broken spar, 15
and bound her to the mast.
H. W. LONGFELLOW.
2 . his, 26. ii. gale [Zephyri, Boreas, Eurus,
3. flax, glauca seges lini, 66. Notus].
5. buds, gemma. 12. can [non curae erit, non
8. leap, salio, salto; leave out dabit metum, non erit pavori].
cables length. 13. coat, abolla.
JO. tremble, concipio metus, 15. rope, funis, retinaciila.
tremo.
9 o
HINTS AND HELPS
64. THE WRECK OF THE HESPERUS. II.
16
AND fast, through the midnight dark and drear,
through the whistling sleet and snow,
like a sheeted ghost, the vessel swept
towards the reef of Norman's Woe.
To the rocks and breakers right ahead
she drifted, a dreary wreck,
and a whooping billow swept the crew
like icicles from her deck.
She struck where the white and fleecy waves
look soft as carded wool;
but the cruel rocks, they gored her side
like the horns of an angry bull.
At day-break on the bleak sea-beach
a fisherman stood aghast,
to see the form of a maiden fair
lashed close to a drifting mast.
The salt sea was frozen on her breast,
the salt tears in her eyes;
and he saw her hair, like the brown sea-weed,
on the billows fall and rise.
H. W. LONGFELLOW.
10
I. darkness; rough night.
3. sheeted, cano tegmine, cinc-
tus, circumdatus.
4. Normals Woe, ' where the
men perished.'
5. ahead, adversus, oppositus.
6. wreck, naufragium.
8. so falls an icicle, stiria, 69.
10. wool, vellera.
13. fisherman, piscator.
1 6. fall and rise, itque reditque.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 91
65. HART LEAP WELL.
THE knight had ridden down from Wensley Moor,
with the slow motion of a summer's cloud,
and now as he approached a vassal's door,
1 Bring forth another horse ! ' he cried aloud.
Joy sparkled in the prancing courser's eyes: 5
the horse and horseman are a happy pair ;
but though Sir Walter like a falcon flies,
there is a doleful silence in the air.
Where is the throng, the tumult of the race ?
The bugles that so joyfully were blown? 10
This chase, it looks not like an earthly chase :
Sir Walter and the Hart are left alone,
f The poor Hart toils along the mountain side ;
1 I will not stop to tell how far he fled,
(nor will I mention by what death he died;
1 but now the Knight beholds him lying dead,
f Dismounting, then, he leaned against a thorn ;
I he had no follower, dog, nor man, nor boy; 15
f he neither cracked his whip, nor blew his horn,
I but gazed upon the spoil with silent joy.
WORDSWORTH.
I. supero de vertice mentis. 8. he goes quick ; all else silent.
4. quis mihi ducet equum ? 10. [persono.]
6. man rejoices in horse, and 12. you might imagine a man
horse in man. to be hunting a ghost, [sollicito,
7. the hoof shakes the plain. fatigo.]
9 2
HINTS AND HELPS
66. THE LAST MINSTREL.
THE way was long, the wind was cold,
the Minstrel was infirm and old ;
his withered cheek and tresses grey
seemed to have known a better day;
the harp, his sole remaining joy,
was carried by an orphan boy.
The last of all the bards was he,
who sang of Border chivalry;
for, well a day! their date was fled,
his tuneful brethren all were dead;
and he, neglected and oppressed,
wished to be with them and at rest.
No more on dancing palfrey borne,
he carolled light as lark at morn;
no longer courted and caressed,
high placed in hall a welcome guest,
he poured, to lord and lady gay,
the unpremeditated lay.
SIR W. SCOTT.
2. minstrel, vates. weak, tremu-
lus, invalidus.
4. bear witness to, testificor.
day [avi], 4.
5. harp, chelys, testudo, lyra.
7. ' alone of once so many
minstrels.'
9. date, tempera.
10. tuneful brethren, brothers
and harp. Repeat verb.
ii.' the prey of a foreign tyrant.'
12. 'to enjoy rest? quies, re-
quies.
13. no more, non iam.
14. lark, alauda.
17. no lords or ladies await
him.
1 8. while he sings [indoctus, in-
compositus].
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 93
67. MY MISTRESS COMMANDING ME TO
RETURN HER LETTERS.
Go then, blest papers! you shall kiss those hands
that gave you freedom but hold me in bands;
which with a touch did give you life; but I,
because I may not touch those hands, must die.
Methinks, as if they knew they should be sent 5
home to their native soil from banishment,
I see them smile, like dying saints that know
they are to leave this earth and toward heaven go.
When you return, pray tell your sovereign,
and mine, I gave you courteous entertain : 10
each line received a tear, and then a kiss
first bathed in that, it scaped unscorched from this ;
I kissed it because your hand had been there,
but 'cause it was not now, I shed a tear.
Though these be powerful arguments to prove 15
I love in vain, yet must I ever love.
THOMAS CAREW.
1. papers, tabula, tabella. kiss, 7. a smile sits on thy face,
[tango]. 8. heaven, Elysium.
2. ' gives me chains.' 9. on return, regressus, redux.
3. 'life is denied by that hand 10. entertain, hospitium.
by which? unde. u. 'Did I not give tears?'
4. I may not touch her who 12. using the one as fomentation
touched thee, 39. may not, neks,, (fomenta), you are not scorched
45. by the others [caleo].
5. Methinks ; scilicet. 13. because, nam.
6. banishment, exilium, tot 14. -was not, absum, vaco.
taedia. 15. prove, arguo [vanus].
94 HINTS AND HELPS
68. THE GLOVE AND THE LIONS.
KING Francis was a hearty king, and loved a royal sport,
and one day, as his lions strove, sat looking on the court;
the nobles filled the benches round, the ladies by their side,
and 'mongst them Count de Lorge, with one he hoped to
make his bride. 4
The bloody foam above the bars came whizzing through the air;
said Francis then, ' Good gentlemen, we're better here than
there ! '
De Lorge's love o'erheard the king, a beauteous, lively dame,
with smiling lips and sharp bright eyes, which always seemed
the same :
she thought, ' The Count, my lover, is as brave as brave can
be; 9
he surely would do desperate things to show this love of me!
Kings, ladies, lovers, all look on; the chance is wondrous fine;
I'll drop my glove to prove his love ; great glory will be mine ! '
She dropped her glove to prove his love ; then looked on him
and smiled ;
he bowed and in a moment leaped among the lions wild:
the leap was quick; return was quick; he soon regained his
place; 15
then threw the glove, but not with love, right in the lady's
face !
1 In truth*! ' cried Francis, ' rightly done ! ' and he rose from
where he sat :
* No love/ quoth he, ' but vanity, sets love a task like that ! '
LEIGH HUNT.
2. lion, leo, lea. looker on, [podium].
auspex, arbiter, court, cavea [du- 6. [nonne placet ? iste locus.]
ellum]. 8. always seemed [gratia ficta,
3. by their side, comes. Repeat fixa].
the verb. 9. M0$/,reputo,mecumvolvo,
4. Lorgius. one he hoped, &c., 66.
sponsa. 12. glove [manicae].
5. foam, spuma [sanies], bars 13. him, 26.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 95
69. VOW OP KEDUAN. I.
THUS said, before his lords, the King to Reduan :
* 'Tis easy to get words deeds get we as we can :
rememberest thou the feast at which I heard thee saying,
'twere easy in one night to make me Lord of Jaen ?
5 ' Well in my mind I hold the valiant vow was said ;
fulfil it, boy ! and gold shall shower upon thy head ;
but bid a long farewell, if now thou shrink from doing,
to bower and bonnibell, thy feasting and thy wooing ! '
' I have forgot the oath, if such I e'er did plight
10 but needs there plighted troth to make a soldier fight ?
A thousand sabres bring we'll see how we may thrive.'
1 One thousand ! ' quoth the King ; ' I trow thou shalt
have five ! '
( They passed the Elvira-gate, with banners all displayed,
13 ( they passed in mickle state, a noble cavalcade ;
( what proud and pawing horses, what comely cavaliers,
4 \ what bravery of targets, what glittering of spears !
( What caftans blue and scarlet what turbans pleached
r 5 ) of green;
( what waving of their crescents and plumages between ;
/ what buskins and what stirrups what rowels chased in
16 I gold!
j What handsome gentlemen what buoyant hearts and
( bold!
1. Redunus, 8. 9. 'nor do I remember, nor do
2. easy, promptum, in prompto, I refuse.'
in facili. n. 'fortune will follow the
3. remember, teneo animo brave.'
[effluo ex animo]. 12. ' I will give five thousands.'
4. ' Ahena will fall,' you say. 13. Elvira-gate, porta Toleda.
6. perform; you shall be rich. 15. caftan, mitra. scarlet, pur-
7. shrink, renuo. pureus. turban, tiara.
8. feasting^ deliciae, luxuria, 16. what bold, quantus.
dapes.
9 6
HINTS AND HELPS
70. VOW OP REDUAN. II.
IT was a heavy sight but most for Reduan :
he sighed, as well he might, ere thus his speech began,
' O Jaen ! had I known how high thy bulwarks stand,
my tongue had not outgone the prowess of my hand.
' But since, in hasty cheer, I did my promise plight,
(what well might cost a year) to win thee in a night,
the pledge demands the paying. I would my soldiers
brave
we.re half as sure of Jaen as I am of my grave !
' My penitence comes late my death lags not behind ;
I yield me up to fate, since hope I may not find '-
With that he turned him round; 'Now blow your
trumpets high !'
But every spearman frowned, and dark was every eye.
I But when he was aware that they would fain retreat,
he spurred his bright bay mare I wot her pace was
fleet;
( he rides beneath the walls, and shakes aloof his lance,
14 ( and to the Christians calls, if any will advance ?
( With that an arrow flew from o'er the battlement
15 I young Reduan it slew, sheer through the breast it went;
f he fell upon the green ' Farewell, my gallant bay ! '-
\ Right soon, when this was seen, broke all the Moor array.
i. most, tristissimus. Reduan,
noster.
4. [audeo, profiteer esse.]
6. [stat capiendus.]
7. Repeat ' I will pay.' pledged,
reus. pay vow, vota solvo.
8. death is sure to me ; so may
JLhena belong to my men.
12. the men mutter low and
press their lips, 5.
13. spur up, submitto. spurs,
calcaria.
14. cries, Is any at my side ?'
16. [salutat equum.]
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 97
71. MARMIOW. (vi. 34.)
BUT as they left the darkening heath,
more desperate grew the strife of death.
The English shafts in volleys hailed,
in headlong charge their horse assailed :
/ front, flank, and rear, the squadrons sweep,
< to break the Scottish circle deep,
I that fought around their king.
But yet, though thick the shafts as snow,
though charging knights like whirlwinds go,
though bill-men ply the ghastly blow,
unbroken was the ring;
J the stubborn spearsmen still made good
1 their dark impenetrable wood,
J each stepping where his comrade stood
I the instant that he fell.
No thought was there of dastard flight;
linked in the serried phalanx tight,
groom fought like noble, squire like knight,
as fearlessly and well.
SIR WALTER SCOTT.
1. heath, campus. 10. unbroken, vinci nescius,
2. grew, exardesco, cresco with indomitus.
comparative, strife, furor. 1 1 . hastile, I . shoot of a tree ;
3. hail, turbine glomeror, gran- 2. spear-shaft.
dinis instar ruo. 13. no thought of flight, nor to
4. headlong [praecipito]. yield to death.
6. [turma tegit regem, milite 14. one love, one faith,
septus rex.] 15. 'with no distinction? dis-
7. snow [nivea procella.] crimen.
9. bill, securis. 16. [varia conditione.]
9 8
HINTS AND HELPS
72. LAY OP THE IMPRISONED HUNTSMAN.
MY hawk is tired of perch and hood,
my idle greyhound loathes his food,
my horse is weary of his stall,
and I am sick of captive thrall.
I wish I were as I have been,
hunting the hart in forests green
with bended bow and bloodhound free,
for that's the life is meet for me.
I hate to learn the ebbing time
from yon dull steeple's drowsy chime,
or mark it as the sunbeams crawl,
inch after inch, along the wall.
The lark was wont my matins ring,
the sable rook my vespers sing:
these towers, although a king's they be,
have not a hall of joy for me.
SIR WALTER SCOTT.
1. Repeat taedet. perch, sedes.
hood, cucullus.
2. greyhound, umber, loathes,
fastidio.
3. [otia stabuli, ignavia tecti.]
4. [conclusus carcere.]
5. would that I could slay the
deer.
6. as before, and follow hares.
7. [Quam iuvat, quantus amor.]
8. me, nostri mores, modi.
10. steeple, turris. drowsy, lan-
guidus.
14. 10, sing, domonitus.
15. a king's, regius.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS.
99
73. LORD ULLIN'S DAUGHTER.
THE boat hath left a stormy land,
a stormy sea before her,
when oh ! too strong for human hand !
the tempest gathered o'er her !
And still they rowed amidst the roar
of waters fast prevailing ;
Lord Ullin reached that fatal shore
his wrath was changed to wailing:
for sore dismayed, through storm and shade,
his child he did discover!
one lovely hand was stretched for aid,
and one was round her lover.
1 Come back ! come back ! ' he cried in grief,
' across the stormy water ;
and I'll forgive your Highland Chief, -
my daughter ! oh my daughter ! '
CAMPBELL.
1 . left, destituo, desero. stormy,
turgidus.
2. stormy. Use comparative.
3. ' Alas, weak hand of men ! '
5. ' Threats of waves and mur-
murs of sea increase.'
6. ' rower fights in vain,' nauta.
9- 63-
10. [corpora cara.]
11. hand [sinistra dextra, dex-
tra sinistra] .
12. lover, procus, suus, amans.
14. danger, pericla.
15. Highland, hostibus, peiori-
bus ortus.
H 2
loo HINTS AND HELPS
74. THE PALMER.
OPEN the door, some pity to show ;
keen blows the northern wind!
The glen is white with the drifted snow,
and the path is hard to find.
No outlaw seeks your castle gate,
from chasing the king's deer,
though even an outlaw's wretched state
might claim compassion here.
A weary palmer worn and weak,
I wander for my sin;
O, open, for our Lady's sake!
a pilgrim's blessing win !
The hare is crouching in her form,
the hart beside the hind:
an aged man, amid the storm, 15
no shelter can I find.
1. open, recludo, resero vincla. 7. ' And yet I had heard.'
pity, misereor, pius sum. 8. [tanta relligione.]
2. wind, Boreas. 10. 'to cleanse former sins, I
3. drift, compulsus agger, co- wander.'
actus. ii. ' let S. Mary be witness.'
4. hard to find [fallit, latet 12. a pilgrim saved will be a
pedem]. greater glory to you, 67.
5. outlaw, exul, exlex. 13. hare, lepus. form, fovea.
6. no king's deer hath fallen by 14. hart, cervus. hind, cerva.
my hand. covert, latebrae, thalamus.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 101
75. BATTLE OP IVB.Y. I.
OH ! how our hearts were beating, when at the dawn of day,
we saw the army of the League drawn out in long array ;
with all its priest-led citizens and all its rebel peers,
and Appenzel's stout infantry, and Egmont's Flemish spears ;
there rode the brood of false Lorraine, the curses of our land ;
and dark Mayenne was in the midst, a truncheon in his hand :
and as we looked on them, we thought of Seine's empurpled
flood ;
and good Coligny's hoary hair all dabbled with his blood ;
and we cried unto the living God, who rules the fate of war,
to fight for His own holy name, and Henry of Navarre. 10
The King is come to marshal us, in all his armour drest,
and he has bound a snow-white plume upon his gallant crest.
He looked upon his people, and a tear was in his eye ;
he looked upon the traitors and his glance was stern and high.
Right graciously he smiled on us, as rolled from wing to wing
down all our line a deafening shout, ' God save our Lord the
King ! ' 16
MACAULAY.
1. ' 'Tis mom : what alarm holds 7. Ah, how oft does red Sequa-
us.' mis come up to our minds ! 10.
2. League, socii. 8. Coltgny, senex.
4. Appetizers, Helveticus. Fie- 9. We pray God to fight, 57.
mis A, Belgicus. 10. Henry of Navarre, ' pious
5. Lorraine was cousin of the king.'
king, ' sure brood of a false father.' 12. crest, iuba.
6. Mayenne, dux. truncheon, 14. traitors, infidi, falsi.
sceptrum. 16. 68.
102 HINTS AND HELPS
76. BATTLE OP IVKY. II.
AND then, we thought on vengeance, and, all along our van,
' Remember St. Bartholomew/ was passed from man to man ;
but out spake gentle Henry, ' No Frenchman is my foe :
down, down with every foreigner, but let your brethren go/
Oh ! was there ever such a knight, in friendship or in war, 5
as our Sovereign Lord King Henry, the soldier of Navarre !
Ho ! maidens of Vienna ! Ho ! matrons of Lucerne !
Weep, weep, and rend your hair for those who never shall
return.
Ho ! Philip, send, for charity, thy Mexican pistoles,
that Antwerp monks may sing a mass for thy poor spearmen's
souls. 10
Ho! gallant nobles of the League, look that your arms be
bright !
Ho ! burghers of Saint Genevieve, keep watch and ward to-
night !
For our God hath crushed the tyrant, our God hath raised
the slave,
and mocked the counsel of the wise and the valour of the
brave.
Then glory to His holy name, from whom all glories are ;. 15
And glory to our Sovereign Lord, King Henry of Navarre.
MACAULAY.
1. thought on, repute [in men- 8. 45.
tern venit]. vengeance, scelus 9. Philip king of Spain [rex,
luendum, commissa luenda. tyrannus]. Mexican pistoles [num-
2 . remember [memor] . St. Bar- mus aureusj.
tholomew, ' brother's blood.' 10. mass ['nenia sacra,' funera
4. ' unpunished,' inultus. iusta] .
6. Navarre, Pyrene. 13. crushed, debello, frango.
7. 'Who drink Rhenus,' or 14. 55.
Rhod anus,' or ' Ister.'
FOR LA TIN E LEG I A CS. 103
77. NASEBY FIGHT. I.
IT was about the noon of a glorious day in June,
we saw their banners dance and their cuirasses shine;
the man of blood was there, with his essenced hair,
and Astley and Sir Marmaduke and Rupert of the Rhine.
Like the servant of the Lord with his bible and his sword
the general rode along to form us for the fight; 6
when a murmuring sound broke out and swelled into a shout
among the godless horsemen on the tyrant's right.
Hark ! like the roar of the billows on the shore
the cry of battle rises along their charging line, jo
for God and the cause and the church and the laws,
for Charles King of England and Rupert of the Rhine.
They are here, they rush on ! we are broken, we are gone !
Our left is borne before them like stubble in the blast. 14
Oh Lord, put forth thy might; Oh God, defend the right,
stand back to back in God's name, and fight it to the last !
MACAULAY.
1 . ' Sun in midsky : air silent.' 9. Use a verb here.
2. banners, signa. cuirasses y 10. cry of battle , Mars fremi-
ferrum. bundus.
3. 'contemptible with perfume n. ' They cry.'
of hair.' 12. 10. ( thee, boy, famed for
4. ' Knights and the youth ' affection] pietas.
[Teutonicus] . 14. so crops give way torn by
5. Fairfax is here meant. the wind.
6. ride, feror equo, vehor. for 15. Lord, approach; support
the fight, acies. right laws.
7. What murmurs sound ! 16. let our column go with
8. godless, protervus, impius. wings serried.
104 HINTS AND HELPS
78. NASEBY FIGHT. II.
STOUT Skippon hath a wound, the centre hath given ground.
Hark ! Hark ! what means the trampling of horsemen on
our rear?
Whose banners do I see, boys? Tis he, thank God, 'tis
he, boys!
Bear up another minute, brave Oliver is here.
Their heads all stooping low, their points all in a row, 5
like a whirlwind on the trees, like a deluge on the dykes,
our cuirassiers have burst on the ranks of the accurst,
and at a shock have scattered the forest of the pikes.
Fast, fast the gallants ride in some safe nook to hide,
their coward heads predestined to rot on Temple Bar; 10
aside he turns, he flies, shame to those cruel eyes,
that bore to look on torture and dare not look on war.
Ho ! comrades scour the plain, and ere ye strip the slain
first give another stab to make your quest secure;
then shake from sleeves and pockets the broad pieces and
lockets, 15
and tokens of the wanton, the plunderers of the poor.
MACAULAY.
2. 'Falloran?' Rostra].
4. bear up, resisto, utor viribus, n. he, king Charles I.
nitor contra. Oliver, dux notus. 1 2. torture, tormenta [gladia-
5. points, hastile. tores, amphitheatra].
6. 10. vary the monotony cf 13. 'Twice slay the slain.'
two similes. 14. [raptor inultus ; nuda ra-
7. cuirassiers, I5ricati, ala, pina.]
equites. 15. sleeves, manicae, a sign of
8. pike, pilum. luxury in Rome, vestis. locket
10. Temple Zto;'[scalaGem6nia, [torquis, monile].
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 105
79. DEFENCE OF LTTCKNOW. I.
FRAIL were the works that defended the hold that we held with
our lives
women and children among us, God help them, our children
and wives !
Hold it we might and for fifteen days or for twenty at most.
' Never surrender, I charge you, but every man die at his post ! '
The voice of the dead whom we loved, our Lawrence the best
of the brave : 5
cold were his brows when we kiss'd him we laid him that
night in his grave.
' Every man die at his post ! ' and there hailed on our houses
and halls [balls,
death from their rifle-bullets, and death from their cannon-
death in our innermost chamber, and death at our slight
barricade,
death while we stood with the musket, and death while we
stoopt to the spade, 10
death to the dying, and wounds to the wounded, for often
there fell [shell,
striking the hospital wall, crashing through it their shot and their
death for their spies were among us, their marksmen were
told of our best,
so that the brute bullet broke through the brain that could
think for the rest ;
bullets would sing by our foreheads, and bullets would rain
at our feet 15
Death at the glimpse of a finger from over the breadth of a
street. A. TENNYSON.
i. [putresco, vix do moras hos- 9. inner chamber, penetrale.
tibus.] barricades, 5bices.
3. twenty, viginti, bis deni. 10. spade, pala. musket, telum.
4. post, locus. 12. [domus aegrorum.]
5. Laurens. 13. [dextra fallitur, errat.]
6. ' Now he lies cold.' 14. 'the thoughtful first.'
7. Each keeps his place as 15. 'The hissing bullet,' stri-
bidden. Through the roofs, through dula massa.
the halls, 55. 16. at sight of, vel viso digito.
8. [ferreus imber.]
io6 HINTS AND HELPS
80. DEFENCE OF LUCKNOW. II.
MEN will forget what we suffer and not what we do. We can
fight,
but to be soldier all day and be sentinel all through the night
ever the mine and assault, our sallies, their lying alarms.
Bugles and drums in the darkness, and shoutings and
soundings to arms,
ever the labour of fifty that had to be done by five, 5
ever the marvel among us that one should be left alive,
heat like the mouth of a hell, or a deluge of cataract skies,
stench of old offal decaying, and infinite torment of flies,
thoughts of the breezes of May blowing over an English field,
cholera, scurvy, and fever, the wound that would not be heal'd,
lopping away of the limb by the pitiful-pitiless knife, 1 1
torture and trouble in vain, for it never could save us a life.
Valour of delicate women, who tended the hospital bed,
horror of women in travail among the dying and dead,
grief for our perishing children, and never a moment for grief,
toil and ineffable weariness, faltering hopes of relief. 16
A. TENNYSON.
1. [pereo ex animo.] vigeo? vireo.
2. ' day bids fight, night watch.' n. 'while it tries to heal, it
3. lying alarms [pugnamsimulo, hurts.'
lacesso]. 12. 'torture is protracted by
4. bugles, cornua [falsus, men- torture.'
dax]. 13. hospital bed, cubantes.
5. [opus bis quinque viromm, 14. In her turn keeping her bed
exaequant viribus.] she* gives birth with death crushing
6. be left, supersum. her.
8. stench, nidor. fly, musca. 15. Grief is wished for and grief
9. Ah, how often do we pray, &c. denied.
10. -would not be healed, vivus
FOR LA TIN ELEGIA CS. 107
81. COUNTY GUY.
AH! County Guy the hour is nigh,
the sun has left the lea,
the orange flower perfumes the bower,
the breeze is on the sea.
The lark, his lay who trilled all day, 5
sits hushed his partner nigh;
breeze, bird, and flower, confess the hour,
but where is County Guy?
The village maid steals through the shade,
her shepherd's suit to hear : 10
to beauty shy, by lattice high,
sings high-born cavalier.
The star of Love, all star above,
now reigns o'er earth and sky;
and high and low the influence know 15
but where is County Guy?
SIR W. SCOTT.
1. [exspectata dies.] 9. shade, legmen.
2. leave, destituo, 55. 10. shepherd, pastor, [procus.]
3. flower, copia fl5runi, narum. n. 'mistress presses the lattice,'
bower, antrum. fenestra.
5. the lark, alauda. 14. repeat the preposition, 55
6. partner, sponsa. 15. 'a powerful master.'
8. ' what delays hold Jovius ? '
loS HINTS AND HELPS
82. EXCUSE FOR PILGRIM'S PROGRESS.
You see the ways the fisherman doth take
to catch the fish ; what engines doth he make !
Behold, how he engageth all his wits;
also his snares, lines, angles, hooks, and nets;
yet fish there be, that neither hook, nor line,
nor snare, nor net, nor engine can make thine :
they must be groped for, and be tickled too,
or they will not be catch'd, whate'er you do.
How does the fowler seek to catch his game !
by divers means! all which one cannot name: 10
his guns, his nets, his lime-twigs, light, and bell;
he creeps, he goes, he stands; yea, who can tell
of all his postures? Yet there's none of these
will make him master of what fowls he please.
Yea, he must pipe and whistle to catch this; 15
yet, if he does so, that bird he will miss.
BUNYAN.
1 . ' thousand ways.' fisherman, nets, calamus.
piscator. 6. some he cannot entice.
2. entice, elicio, 39. 7. These unless you attract nor
3. ' what pains, what labours he scorn to tickle [titillo].
employs ! ' [labor, opera.] 8. no net will catch.
4. hooks and snares [laqueus, 10. [enumero.]
insidiae, dolns]. 12. some stand, another bending
5. Whether he employ rods or rests on his knee.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 109
83. THE NEW HOME.
RIGHT well is the new-made house begun,
the roof is not on nor the walls quite done,
still from above the rain may fall,
and the sunlight wander at will o'er all.
Then pray we to the world's great King 5
that He from heaven's high vault will bring
His priceless treasures forth and o'er
the open house His blessings pour.
And first may He all bounteous deign
the barn to fill with ripened grain, ' 10
the stall make healthy for horse and kine
and the cellars stock with generous wine.
The wickets and windows consecrate
that evil may never pass in thereat,
and grant from out this new made door 15
gay laughing children may often pour.
1. [Opus mature.] 10. ripened, tempestivus.
2. 'still walls not firm; roof n. let health be in the stalls,
absent.' let calves and horses be well cared
3. fall, descendo. may, licet for.
with subj. 12. cask, dolium, testa.
6. let us give prayers [vota 13. wicket, fores.
prcesque]. 14. no evil, nihil mali, nihil
7. [depromo.] impuri.
9. barn, horrea. 16. [chorus.]
I 10
HINTS AND HELPS
84. THE SMUGGLER.
'TwAS one morn when the wind from the north blew keenly,
whilst sullenly roared the big wave on the main,
a famed smuggler Will Watch kissed his Sue then serenely
took helm, and to sea boldly steered out again.
Will had promised his Sue that this trip if well ended 5
should coil up his ropes, and he 'd anchor on shore ;
when his pockets were lined, why his life should be mended,
the laws he had broken, he'd never break more.
His sea boat was trim, made her port, took her lading;
then Will stood her home, made her offing, and cries, 10
' This night, if I 've luck, furls the sails of my trading ;
in dock I can lie, serve a friend too besides/
Will lay to till the night came on darksome and dreary ;
to crowd every sail then he piped up each hand;
but a signal soon spied, 'twas a prospect uncheery, 15
the signal it warned him to bear from the land.
DIBDIN.
3. Sue. Use sponsa.
4. steer out, vela do, 55.
5. promise, paciscor. Use direct
, speech.
6. not oars, not ropes hereafter
will I use.
7. packets [pario rem, rem
facio].
8. break, violo.
10. 'the coast, the goal of
finished toil, is at hand.'
1 1 . [cursus finio, vela condo.]
12. serve, profuero.
14. iubet festinent, 57.
15. 'empty hope.'
1 6. 'he recognised the signa
forbad his return.'
FOR LA TIN ELEGIA CS. 1 1 1
85. THE REVIVAL.
*
A TOUCH, a kiss, the charm was snapped,
there rose a noise of striking clocks,
and feet that ran and doors that clapped,
and barking dogs and crowing cocks.
A fuller light illumined all, 5
a breeze through all the gardens swept,
a sudden hubbub shook the hall,
and sixty feet the fountain left.
The hedge broke in, the banner blew,
the butler drank, the steward scrawled, 10
the fire shot up, the martin flew,
the parrot screamed, the peacock squalled.
The maid and page resumed their strife,
the palace banged, and buzzed, and clacked,
and all the pent up streams of life 15
dashed downward like a cataract.
TENNYSON.
i. charm, ca-Tmina.. sna#,solvo. SC riba. enters in books, refero.
2. clocks, [tinnula sistra]. 12 . peacock, pavo. parrot, psit-
4. barking, latratus. crowing, tacus.
carmen - 13. Phyllis and Syrus. resume,
5. illumine, lustro. novo intennissa.
6. sweep, concutio. I4 . sfr ^ f i mpia-
9. hedge, sepes. banner, vex- I5> < and as a stream rushes.'
illum - 16. so, &c.
10. butler ; promus. steward,
112 HINTS AND HELPS
86. ZN" MEMORIAM.
WHAT sh&ll be the pictures I hang on the walls
to adorn the burial place of him I love ?
pictures of flowing springs and farms
with the fourth month eve at sundown,
with floods of the yellow gold, of the gorgeous sun, 5
and the grey smoke, lucid and bright,
with the fresh sweet herbage under foot
and the pale green leaves of the trees prolific.
In the distance the broad breasted river gleaming
with a wind dapple here and there; 10
the ranging hills on the banks
throwing long shadows;
and the city at hand with dwellings so dense
and stacks of chimneys
and all the scenes of life, the workshop 15
and the workmen homeward return.
WHITMAN.
1. picture, tabula, colores. 10. 'save where the breeze
walls ', aedes, sepulcrum. dapples] vario, distinguo.
2. love, solus amor. n. range [praetexo].
3. farm, Lares, limen agreste. 12. the shadow is drawn out
/(.fourth, April! mense, vespere. into green paths.
5. [inauro.] 13. dense, confertus.
6. 'smoke, a bright pillar,' 14. [culmina nigra suo fumo.]
9. 15. workshop, taberna [vices
7. [iugis herba.] vario].
9. broad-breasted, la to pectore.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS.
87. HARVEST HOME.
COME, sons of Summer, by whose toil
we are the lords of wine and oil:
crowned with the ears of corn, now come
and to the pipe sing 'harvest home/
Come forth, my lord, and see the cart
dressed up with all the country art,
horses, mares, and frisking fillies
clad all in linen white as lilies.
The harvest swains and wenches bound
for joy to see the waggon crowned:
about the cart, hear how the rout
of rural younglings raise the shout;
pressing before some coming after,
those with a shout and these with laughter;
some bless the cart, some kiss the sheaves,
some bind their brows with oaken leaves.
R. HERRICK.
10
1. summer-companions, aestivus
comes.
2. oil, olea.
3. ears, arista.
4. pipe, tibia.
5. carts, plaustnun.
6. 'art in which the countryman
is strong,' co!5nus, agrestis.
7. 'saucy foals with their
mother,' vitiilus, soboles.
13. ' whether they love to hurry
in front, or follow behind.'
15. Some pray; some offer
kisses to Ceres.
114 HINTS AND HELPS
88. THE MASSACRE. I.
HEAR now the tale of the murder in cold blood
of three hundred and six young men.
Retreating they had formed a hollow square
with their baggage for breastwork.
Six hundred lives out of the surrounding enemy's square 5
who were six times their number was the price they took
in advance.
Their colonel was wounded and ammunition gone.
They treated for an honourable capitulation,
received writing and seals,
they marched back prisoners of war. 10
They were the glory of the race of rangers,
matchless in horse, rifle, song, supper, courtship,
large, turbulent, generous, brave, handsome, and affectionate,
bearded, sun-burnt,
dressed in the free costume of hunters,
not a single one more than thirty years of age. 15
WHITMAN.
1. Hear, accipio, disco, in cold 7. ammunition, sagittae.
blood, 9, [scelus]. 8. ' surrender-is-made ; but they
2. 'three hundred three times claim to retreat keeping their
two fell.' honour,' 42.
3. 'the band had retreated into 9. Agreement made [paciscor].
a square ' [quadratum agmen]. 10. ' a captured band.'
4. baggage, sarcina. breastwork, 1 3. Alas, their vigour ! bearded
vallum, agger, 22. beauty [barbatus].
5. 'Enemy press on, six for 14. Firm loyalty! nobility, of
each ; they slay six hundred ' heroes !
[totidem], 15. Dressed in skins, and the
6. so much price is asked in freedom of Diana, 14.
advance [ante]. 16. [lustrum.]
I
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS.
89. THE MASSACRE. II.
i, 2 THE second first-day morning they were brought out in
squads and massacred.
3, 4 It was beautiful early summer, the work commenced
about five, it was over by eight.
5, 6 None obeyed the command to kneel ; some made a
mad, helpless rush.
7, 8 Some stood stark and straight ; a few fell at once, shot
through the heart or the temple.
9, 10 The living and the dead lay together : the maimed and
mangled dug into the earth.
ii, 12 Some half killed attempted to crawl away, these were
despatched with bayonets, or battered with the butts
of muskets.
13, 14 A youth not seventeen years old seized an assassin till
two more came to release him.
ic, 1 6 The three were all torn, covered with the boy's blood.
WHITMAN.
1 . [festa dies.] foveo.
2. [dedita turba.] n. crawl, genua aegra traho.
3. early, redivivus [floreo]. 12. bayonet, hasta. butt, clava.
4. [oritura, orta dies.] 13. 'Why, boy, refuse death?
5. [genu flecto.] See 10.
6. -mad, lymphor, sine mente 14. See you not ? a third foe
ruo. is at hand.
7. stark, immobilis. shot, fos- 15. He died fighting; he will
sus. hearty iecur. not die unavenged.
9. together, nullo discrimine. 16. three sets of arms, trina
10. mangle, dilanio. dig into, arma.
I 2
n6 HINTS AND HELPS
90. BLENHEIM.
METHINKS I hear the drum's tumultuous sound,
the victors' shouts and dying groans confound ;
the dreadful burst of cannon rend the skies,
and all the thunder of the battle rise.
'Twas then great Marlboro's mighty soul was proved, 5
that, in the shock of charging hosts unmoved,
amidst confusion, horror, and despair,
examined all the dreadful scenes of war ;
( in peaceful thought the field of death surveyed,
1 to fainting squadrons sent the timely aid,
(inspired repulsed battalions to engage,
I and taught the doubtful battle where to rage. 10
So when an angel, by divine command,
with rising tempests shakes a guilty land,
such as of late o'er pale Britannia passed,
calm and serene he drives the furious blast,
and, pleased th' Almighty's orders to perform, 15
rides in the whirlwind, and directs the storm.
JOSEPH ADDISON
1. [Fallor an ?]. drum, tympana. 9. peaceful, lentus, non dubitans,
2. [victor, victus]. immemor pericli.
3. cannon, ferrea machina. 10. where to rage, via, aditus.
5. Marlboro", dux. proved, u. angel, 'messenger.'
emineo, probor. 13. such as, [testis eras], 10.
6. unmoved, animi constans, 15, 16. whirlwind, turbo, tem-
immotus. pestas.
8. scenes, fata, vices.
FOR LA TIN ELEGIA CS. 117
91. THE TTTRCO. I.
STILL at the school, a boy of seventeen years :
the child with hair so fair and eyes so blue,
too young to know the cause of woman's tears :
3 <J his life was fresh, not filled with grown-man's fears,
' the small world he had known was pure and true.
( He 'd clasp his mother in that dear embrace,
5 \ and she had blessed her boy, her only. boy:
^ no longer scholar, learning Latin-case,
for news had come, and ill-news flies apace,
that Woerth and Gravelotte followed Saarbriick-joy :
she walked- beside him to the rendezvous,
his pale fair mother, with her widow's veil :
( she heard his words, and not the drum- tattoo,
< ' Good courage, fare-you-well ! Ma mere, adieu ! '
I ' Courage, good courage, boy ! mine shall not fail/
The fair little Turco fought with the best,
but winter came, and with ague he lay:
f the surgeon, seeing death in the west,
f *X said, 'Baby, go back, go home to thy nest:'
I but the sick child answered, ' No, let me stay/
i. seventeen, compare Ovid, 7. and, 69.
aged 20. ' Liberior fratri sumpta 8. 4 conquerors had yielded to
mihique toga.' conquered.'
3. too young, expers. grown- 9. mother, matercula.
man's, virilis. n. good courage, macte nova
5. [dat, reddit verba novissima, virtute.
salutem.] 14. ague, febris.
6. Latin repetition, dictation.
il8 HINTS AND HELPS
92. THE TTJRCO. H.
THE boy has fallen, struck down by a ball :
an old soldier raises him up on his back.
f The day is lost sad rings the ' Recall,'
3 < to a regiment that rests where no echo may fall :
I so a Requiem plays them home from attack.
And the .Arab ' brave ' guards the wounded child,
by a brook that sings in a little ravine.
Afar the cannonade roars loud and wild,
and, straining-up his face, that just had smiled,
/ he sternly speaks 'mid booming in between :
9 \ ' Where are the Prussians ? answer, answer true :
10 ) do they at last, at last, turn back in flight ?
S Am I in France, and do we still pursue ?'
Then said that brave old Turco, pressed to tell,
' Yes, little Frenchman, thou hast nobly won.'
' Then will you hear me ? I will go 'tis well,
13 < Oh, my dear mother. . . .' and in that faint knell
' The fair child soldier slept down dipped the sun.
i. by a ball, eminus [globus]. 8. [nescio quis risus, premitur
3. Recall, receptus. gravitate.]
4. [surdus.] regiment, legio, 9. Prussians, Borussi.
caterva, manipli. 10. turn, fugio, terga do.
5. Arabs. ii. Comp. Horace, 'splendide
6. ravine, recessus, angulus, mendax.'
alveus.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 119
93. WILLIAM TELL. I.
( COME, list to me and you shall hear
1 a tale of what befell
fa famous man of Switzerland
(Near Reuss' bank, from day to day,
3 \ his little flock he led,
by prudent thrift and hardy toil
I content to earn his bread.
( Nor was the hunter's craft unknown :
5 } TT '
I in Un none was seen
(to track the rock-frequenting herd
I with eye so true and keen.
A little son was in his house,
a laughing fair-haired boy;
so strong of limb, so blithe of heart,
he made it ring with joy. 10
( His father's sheep were all his friends ;
I the lambs he called by name ;
("and when they frolicked in the fields,
(the child would share the same.
So peacefully their hours were spent
that life had scarce a sorrow;
they took the good of every day,
and hoped for more to-morrow.
1. 'Boys and girls,' 55. 10. made ring, fecit resonare,
2. Swiss, Helveticus. Giiliel- docuit.
mus. 14. [credideris.]
4. earn, mereo, pario. 15. [hornus.]
6. track, vestigia sequor, solli- 16. [praecipio.]
cito, fatigo.
1 29 HINTS AND HELPS
94. WILLIAM TELL. II.
(Bur oft some shining April morn
( is darkened in an hour,
( and blackest griefs o'er joyous homes,
\ alas ! unseen may lower.
( Nor yet on Switzerland had dawned
3 ( her day of liberty :
( the strangers' yoke was on her sons,
* \ and pressed right heavily.
( So one was sent in luckless hour
' \ to rule in Austria's name ;
a haughty man in savage mood
in pomp and pride he came.
( One day, in wantonness of power,
' ( he set his cap on high :
| ' Bow down, ye slaves/ the order ran :
{ ' who disobeys shall die !'
6 jit chanced that William Tell that morn
( had left his cottage home,
jand with his little son in hand,
( to Altorf town had come.
For oft the boy had eyed the spoil
his father homeward bore,
and prayed to join the hunting crew
when they should roam for more.
( And often on some merry night,
75 \ when wondrous feats were told,
| he longed his father's bow to take
"* 1 and be a hunter bold.
2. unseen, fallo with fut. part. 6. pride, animi, fastus, saevitia.
mischief, pestis, lues. 7- ca P> galerus. [arbitrio usus,
4. [servitium, servitii iugum.] grassor.J
5. Austrian, Noricus [praetor, *> vnth, [eo comes.]
legatus]. in luckless hour, 69. 15 /*& miracula, fortia facta.
FOR LA TIN ELE GIA CS. 121
95. WILLIAM TELL. III.
TELL saw the crowd, the lifted cap,
the tyrant's angry frown ;
and heralds shouted in his ear,
' Bow down, ye slaves, bow down !'
5 Stern Gessler marked the peasant's mien,
and watched to see him fall;
but never palm-tree greater stood
than Tell before them all!
' My knee shall bend/ he calmly said,
' 'to God, and God alone:
{ my life is in the Austrian's hand,
I my conscience is my own.'
( ' Seize him, ye guards !' the ruler cried
t while passion choked his breath :
/ ' he mocks my power, he braves my lord,
1 he dies the traitor's death ;
fyet wait. The Swiss are marksmen true
I so all the world doth say ;
( that fair-haired stripling hither bring
I we '11 try their skill to-day.'
Hard by a spreading lime-tree stood,
to this the youth was bound:
( they placed an apple on his head
I he looked in wonder round.
2. [fronte minante.] 9. Austriacus. in hand, penes.
3. herald, praeco, lictor. 13. yet wait, quid tamen edico ?
5. Gessler, Caesar. peasant, 14. ' you may try,' experior.
ruricola, colonus. 16. 'apple on head' or 'head
8. 10. under apple.'
122 HINTS ANJ) HELPS
96. WILLIAM TELL. IV.
( ' THE fault is mine, if fault there be,'
1 cried Tell in accents wild :
( < on manhood let your vengeance fall,
1 but spare, oh, spare my child !'
( ' I will not harm the pretty boy/
I said Gessler tauntingly :
( ' if blood of his shall stain the ground,
(yours will the murder be.
Draw tight your bow, my cunning man, 5
your straightest arrow take:
you know yon apple is your mark,
your liberty the stake.'
A mingled noise of wrath and grief
was heard among the crowd :
( the men, they muttered curses deep ;
i the women wept aloud.
Full fifty paces from this child,
his strong bow in his hand,
with lips compressed, and flashing eye,
Tell firmly took his stand.
The bow was bent, the arrow went 15
as by an angel guided:
in pieces two beneath the tree
the apple fell divided!
1. 8. shall be a slave.'
2. Compare Ovid, ' Si non vis 10. mutter, musso.
puero parcere, parce seni.' 1 1 . fifty, decies quinque.
4. murderer, necis auctor. 14. 'you might think' or 'so
5. bow, [nervus], arcus. a god,' c.
8. 'unless you cleave it, you
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 123
97. BISHOP HATTO. I.
THE summer and autumn had been so wet,
that in winter the corn was growing yet;
'twas a piteous sight to see all around
the grain lie rotting on the ground.
Every day the starving poor 5
crowded around Bishop Hatto's door,
for he had a plentiful last year's store,
and all the neighbourhood could tell
his granaries were furnished well.
At last Bishop Hatto appointed a day
to quiet the poor without delay; 10
he bade them to his great barn repair,
and they should have food for the winter there.
Rejoiced such tidings good to hear,
the poor folk flocked from far and near ;
the great barn was full as it could hold 15
of women and children, and young and old.
R. SOUTHEY.
2. corn, seges in sulcis stat, year,' prior.
horrea nuda. 10. quiet, insidiam sedo.
3. rot, putresco [spes omnis 12. food for winter, victus
arist ae] . h ibernus .
4. pools, lacus. 14. far and near, hinc illinc,
6. Bishop Hatto, pontifex. externus, proxirnus.
7. could tell, [scilicet]. 15. 'Non iam vasta vacant.'
8. ' so much remains from last
124 HINTS AND HELPS
98. BISHOP HATTO. II.
THEN when he saw it could hold no more,
Bishop Hatto he made fast the door ;
and while for mercy on Christ they call,
he set fire to the barn and burnt them all.
' I' faith, 'tis an excellent bonfire ! ' quoth he,
' and the country is greatly obliged to me,
for ridding it in these times forlorn
of rats, that only consume the corn/
So then to his palace returned he,
and he sat down to supper merrily,
and he slept that night like an innocent man,
but Bishop Hatto never slept again.
In the morning as he entered the hall,
where his picture hung against the wall,
a sweat like death all over him came,
for the rats had eaten it out of the frame.
R. SOUTHEY.
5. excellent, festivus, insignis. 12. Bishop, 10. last, summus,
6. country, patria. obliged, ultimus.
debet grates. 13. enters the hall, [prandia
7. rats, mures. quaerit].
10. set supper, pono coenam. 15. picture in frame, tabella.
sit down, sedeo.
FOR LA TIN ELEG1A CS. 1 2 5
99. BISHOP HATTO. III.
As he looked there came a man from the farm,
he had a countenance white with alarm;
'My lord, I opened your granaries this morn,
and the rats had eaten all your corn.'
Another came running presently,
and he was pale as pale could be,
' Fly ! my Lord Bishop, fly !' quoth he,
'ten thousand rats are coming this way
the Lord forgive you for yesterday ! '
1 1 '11 go to my tower on the Rhine/ replied he,
' 'tis the safest place in Germany ;
the walls are high, and the shores are steep,
and the stream is strong, and the water deep.'
Bishop Hatto fearfully hastened away,
and he crossed the Rhine without delay,
and he reached his tower, and. barred with care
all the windows, doors, and loopholes there.
R. SOUTHEY.
i. farm, villa, ager. 10. safe place, hospitium, per-
3. granaries, granaria, horrea. fugium.
4. per do, pass, pereo. 12. stream, vortex, fluenta.
5. presently, 54. 14. without delay, 54.
8. yesterday, hesternus dies.
126 HINTS AND HELPS
100. BISHOP HATTO. IV.
HE laid him down and closed his eyes,
but soon a scream made him arise ;
he started, and saw two eyes of flame
on his pillow from whence the screaming came.
He listened and looked, it was only the cat; 5
but the Bishop he grew more fearful for that,
for she sat screaming, mad with fear,
at the army of rats that was drawing near.
For they have swum over the river so deep,
and they have climbed the shores so steep, 10
fand up the tower their way is bent,
( to do the work for which they were sent.
( They are not to be told by the dozen or score,
( by thousands they come, and by myriads and more ;
such numbers had never been heard of before,
such a judgment had never been witnessed of yore.
Down on his knees the Bishop fell,
and faster and faster his beads did he tell.
R. SOUTHEY.
2. arise, exsilio, prosilio ; lin- 9. so deep, 'in all its fulness,
quo torum. quam plenus.
3. start, horresco. 10. 'in vain had the Rhine
4. two, bini, 50. fenced its waters with a bank.'
6. more, quam prius. 12. 'ultrix manus, millia mille,'
8. army, agmina, millia. draw 9.
near, cedo, praecipito. 16. tell beads, itero preces.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS.
127
101. THE PILGKIMAGB TO KEVLAAR. I.
THE mother stood at the window, her son lay in the bed ;
' Look, Wilhelm, the procession is passing by,' she said.
' So sick I am, my mother, I cannot hear nor see :
with thinking of my Gretchen, my heart aches bitterly.'
' Get up, we '11 go to Kevlaar, with book and rosary, 5
and sure Our Blessed Lady will heal thy heart for thee.'
The holy banners flutter, as onward goes the line,
the holy psalms are chanted, at Koln upon the Rhine.
The mother follows also, leading her son goes she,
both singing with the chorus, ' Mary, all praise to thee ! ' 10
To-day Our Lady at Kevlaar her finest clothes doth wear :
so much she must be doing, so many sick come there.
The sick folk all are bringing to her as offerings meet
limbs that of wax are fashioned, waxen hands and feet.
A waxen hand one offers, and heals in his hand the wound ; 15
a waxen foot another and straight his foot is sound.
1 . lay, cubo, reciibo. Transpose
son and mother.
2. procession, pompa.
4. 'Chloe has taken away my
senses.'
5. Kevlaar, aedes.
7. Kdln, Colonia. Will come
best in the hexameter.
10. Mary, Maria, mater sancta,
sanctissima.
n. clothes, vestis, amictus.
12. 'poor clothes do not do
(facio) for (ad) so great work.'
15. is healed, valebit, sanus erit.
1 6. 54.
128 HINTS AND HELPS
102. THE PILGRIMAGE TO KEVLAAR. II.
THE mother took a candle, and made of it a heart;
' Take that to Our Blessed Lady, and she will heal thy smart/
The heart he took, and sighing, unto the shrine did go,
and from his eyes the tears, the words from his heart did flow.
' O thou so highly blessed, O purest Maid divine, 5
thou who art Queen of Heaven, pity this grief of mine !
At Koln in the city, I with my mother dwelt,
the city where so many churches and shrines are built,
and close to us dwelt Gretchen, but dead is Gretchen now
a waxen heart I bring thee, my wounded heart heal thou/ 10
The sick son and his mother within the chamber slept;
there came Our Blessed Lady, and lightly in she stept.
She bent her o'er the sick man, and on his heart did lay
her gentle hand quite lightly, and smiled and passed away.
The mother, dreaming, saw it, and something more beheld ; 15
she woke from out her slumber, the dogs so loudly yelled.
There lay stretched out before her, her son, and he was dead,
and on his pale cheek playing, the morning light shone red.
1. candle, lucerna. 12. lightly, [vix pono].
2. smart, dolor, vulnus. 15. saw it, &>c,, 'sees or thinks
10. heal, sano, foveo, facio she saw.'
sanum. 16. yell, exululo.
n. and, 55. 17. 6.
FOR LA TIN ELEGIA CS, 1 2 9
103. THE LOSS OF THE BLRKENHEAD. I.
RIGHT on our flank the crimson sun went down,
the deep sea rolled around in dark repose,
when like the wild shriek from some captured town
a cry of women rose.
5 The stout ship Birkenhead lay hard and fast,
caught, without hope, upon a hidden rock ;
her timbers thrilled as nerves, when through them passed
the spirit of that shock.
| And ever, like base cowards who leave their ranks
9 ( in danger's hour, before the rush of steel,
( drifted away, disorderly, the planks,
( from underneath her keel.
Confusion spread; for, though the coast seemed near,
sharks hovered thick along that white sea-brink.
The boats could hold? not all and it was clear
she was about to sink.
j ' Out with those boats, and let us haste away,'
15 ( cried one, ' ere yet yon sea the bark devours.'
( The man thus clamouring was, I scarce need say,
( no officer of ours.
F. DOYLE.
1. sinks into the waves on right nerves.'
[dexter], 54. 8. ' You might fancy the timbers
2. repose, [sileo]. to thrill with feeling,' 39, 45.
4. ' such was the form of Trqja 10. planks, ligna, trabes.
when taken.' n. confusion, 42.
5. hidden, fallens, latens. with- 12. sharks, lupi [marini.]
out hope, 69. 13. [usus ratiu sufficit.]
7. ' Just as a blow strikes man's 16. I scarce need say, scilicet.
j 30 HINTS AND HELPS
104. THE LOSS OF THE BERKENHEAD. II.
WE knew our duty better than to care
for such loose babblers, and made no reply;
till our good colonel gave the word, and there
formed us in line to die.
There rose no murmur from the ranks, no thought 5
by shameful strength unhonoured life to seek,
our post to quit we were not trained, nor taught
to trample down the weak.
So we made women with their children go.
The oars ply back again, and yet again ; 10
whilst inch by inch, the drowning ship sank low,
still under steadfast men.
What followed why recall ? The brave who died,
died without flinching in the bloody surf.
They sleep as well beneath that purple tide, 15
as others under turf.
F. DOYLE.
1. care for, moror. 7. quit post, cedoloco. trained,
2. babbler, loquax, garrulus. [doctrina].
6. worth seeking, merendus, 11. inch by inch, iam iamque.
corripiendus. sinks, side, mergor.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS,
131
1O5.
ON Linden, when the sun was low,
all bloodless lay the untrodden snow;
and dark as winter was the flow
of Iser, rolling rapidly.
But Linden saw another sight,
when the drum beat at dead of night
commanding fires of death to light
the darkness of her scenery.
By torch and trumpet fast arrayed
each horseman drew his battle-blade,
and furious every charger neighed
to join the dreadful revelry.
Then shook the hills with thunder riven;
then rushed the steed, to battle driven;
and louder than the bolts of Heaven
far flashed the red artillery.
T. CAMPBELL.
15
1. low, duplicat umbras.
2. bloodless, nondum sanguine-
lentus.
3. 'as winter hides itself in
shadow.'
4. so Isarus, &c.
5. [Audin.]
6. sight, alia rerum forma.
9. 'a thousand torches; the
sound of a thousand trumpets.'
n. ' eager for going.'
14. [calce fatlgat.]
15. bolts, fulmina.
16. artillery, machma.
K 2
132 HINTS AND HELPS
106. HOHENTirPTDEN. II.
BUT redder yet that light shall glow
on Linden's hills of stained snow ;
and bloodier yet the torrent flow
of Iser, rolling rapidly.
Tis morn; but scarce yon level sun 5
can pierce the war-clouds, rolling dun,
where furious Frank and fiery Hun
shout in their sulphurous canopy.
The combat deepens. On, ye brave
who rush to glory, or the grave ! 10
Wave, Munich, all thy banners wave,
and charge with all thy chivalry!
Few, few shall part, where many meet !
the snow shall be their winding-sheet,
and every turf beneath their feet 15
shall be a soldier's sepulchre.
T. CAMPBELL.
3. ' more and more.' II. S}gambri.
6. pierce, irradio, penetro, re- 12. 'go to close quarters,'
moveo. cominus.
7. sulphurous canopy, sulfureum 13. 'how small a part,' quota
velamen. pars.
8. 'The Gallic race and Getae.' 14. winding sheet, \es\\sfamerza..
10. grave, funera, tnors, fata. 15. turf, vivus cespes, herba.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 133
1O7. THE POET'S SONG.
THE rain was over, the poet arose,
he passed by the town and out of the street,
a light wind blew from the gates of the sun,
and waves of shadow went over the wheat.
And he sat him down in a lonely place, 5
and chanted a melody loud and sweet,
that made the wild swan pause in her cloud,
and the lark drop down at his feet.
The swallow stopt as he hunted a bee,
the snake slipt under the spray, 10
the wild hawk stood with the down on his beak,
and stared with his foot on the prey.
And the nightingale thought I have sung many songs,
but never a one so gay,
for he sings of what the world will be 15
when the years have died away.
TENNYSON.
2. [desero], 55 (3). 10. slip, insinuo me, lateo.
3. gates, limen. u. down, lanugo.
4. Turn ' -waves'* by a simile. 13. Philomela, thought, secum
wheat*, Ceres. meditatur, repiitat.
6. sweet, dulcisonus. 14. [posse nego.]
7. swan, cycnus. 16. [praesens annus, instans
9. swallow, Procne, hirundo. hora.]
ii
134 HINTS AND HELPS
108. HERMIT OF WARKWORTH. I.
DARK was the night, and wild the storm
and loud the torrent's roar :
and loud the sea was heard to dash
against the distant shore.
( Musing on man's weak hapless state
I the lonely hermit lay :
, / when lo I he heard a female voice
o <
I lament in sore dismay.
With hospitable haste he rose,
and waked his sleeping fire :
and snatching up a lighted brand,
10 forth hied the reverend sire.
f All sad beneath a neighbouring tree
I a beauteous maid he found,
(who beat her breast, and with her tears
I bedewed the mossy ground.
( ' O weep not, lady, weep not so,
1 nor let vain fears alarm :
(my little cell shall shelter thee,
\ and keep thee safe from harm.'
J * It is not for myself I weep,
5 I nor for myself I fear ;
(but for my dear and only friend
I who lately left me here/
5. mans chances, humani casus, hurry, 54.
6. female, femineus. 13. Eager to-be a-good-host he
7. ' to give help,' laturus opem. soothes [hospitio intentus] and
8. ' and wakes his hearth with prays her.
fresh flame,' [foci]. 14. [tecta quantulacunque], 57.
9. brand, stipes, [fomes]. 15. Remember to put in 'sh
10. you may soon see him replies,' 68.
I [
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 135
109. HERMIT OF WABKWORTH. II.
' O TRUST in heaven/ the hermit said,
'and to my cell repair!
doubt not but I shall find thy friend
and ease thee of thy care/
_ | Then climbing up his rocky stairs,
5 I he scales the cliff so high ;
( and calls aloud, and waves his light
I to guide the stranger's eye.
Among the thickets long he winds,
with careful steps and slow;
at length a voice returned his call
quick answering from below :
{' O tell me, father, tell me true,
if you have chanced to see
| a gentle maid, I lately left
I beneath some neighbouring tree/
f ' Praise heaven, my son,' the hermit said ;
I ' the lady 's safe and well/
f And soon he joined the wandering youth
I and brought him to his cell.
( Then well was seen these gentle friends
I they loved each other dear :
( the youth he pressed her to his heart :
1 the maid let fall a tear.
1. What is the dative plural 8. ' hope directs his slow feet '
of '' dens' 1 ? hermit, sacerdos. 9. 'a shout is brought to the
2. 'arise, and despise not my ears of him shouting.'
hut.' ii. if, numquid forte.
3. ' Doubt nought ; your friend 13. safe, sospes, integer.
will soon be restored.' 14. soon he enters the hut
6. ' lights, signals of the road.' where she is waiting.
136 HINTS AND HELPS
110. HEBMIT OF WABKWOBTH. III.
("An! seldom had their host, I ween,
I beheld so sweet a pair;
/ the youth was tall, with manly bloom ;
I she slender, soft, and fair.
f The youth was clad in forest green,
I with bugle horn so bright ;
(she in a silken robe and scarf,
I snatched up in hasty flight.
'Sit down, my children/ said the sage;
' sweet rest your limbs require:'
f then heaps fresh fuel on the hearth,
I and mends his little fire.
f * Partake/ he said, ' my simple store,
I dried fruits, and milk and curds :'
f and spreading all upon the board,
1 invites with kindly words.
( ' Thanks, father, for thy bounteous fare/
I the youthful couple say :
/then freely ate, and made good cheer,
I and talked their cares away.
/ ' Now say, my children, (for perchance
I my counsel may avail),
/ what strange adventures brought you here
I within this lonely dale ?
(Ten winters now have shed their snows
I on this my lonely hall,
/since valiant Hotspur (so the North
I our youthful lord did call)
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS.
137
(against fourth Henry Bolingbroke
I led up his northern powers,
( and stoutly fighting, lost his life
I near proud Salopians towers.
i. pair, par.
3. bugle, lituus. green, viridis
amictus.
4. silk, serica.
6. fresh fuel, nova ligna.
7. curds, coagula [liquefacta
lactej.
8. board, [hospitium] .
10. talk away, [immemor,
oblitus].
1 2. ' whither she flies, what
she does, why she seeks coverts,'
lustra.
13. 'twice five.'
14. ' that brave lord.'
15. the Severn (Sabrina) is
witness of our troubles.
1 6. 'thou wast witness, cruel
South, in collision with North,'
[collisus] .
138 HINTS AND HELPS
111. HERMIT OP WARKWORTH. IV.
('!N Scotland safe he placed the child
1 beyond the reach of strife,
(nor long before the brave old Earl
I at Bramham lost his life.
(And now the Percy name, so long
I our northern pride and boast,
(lies hid, alas! beneath a cloud;
I their honors reft and lost.
{No chieftain of that noble house
now leads our youth to arms;
fi ( the bordering Scots despoil our fields
I and ravage all our farms.
^ ( Their halls and castles, once so fair,
I now moulder in decay :
(proud strangers now usurp their lands,
I and bear their wealth away.
{Nor far from hence, where yon full stream
runs winding down the lea
[fair Warkworth lifts her lofty towers
o <
( and overlooks the sea.
( Those towers, alas ! now lie forlorn,
1 with noisome weeds o'erspread,
("where feasted lords and courtly dames
1 and where the poor were fed.
( Meanwhile far off, mid Scottish hills
ii
I the Percy lives unknown ;
{on strangers' bounty he depends
and may not claim his own.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS.
O might I with these aged eyes
but live to see him here,
then should my soul , depart in bliss !'
He said, and dropt a tear.
'And is the Percy still so loved
of all his friends and thee?
then, bless me, father/ said the youth,
( for I, thy guest, am he.'
139
2. old Earl, senex. Leave out
' Bramham.'
3. our pride, quam latus Boreale
colebat.
5. chieftain, [semina gentis].
6. despoil, depopulor. Scots,
barbarus hostis.
8. usurp, occiipo, habeo, teneo.
9. [Cernisut?].
ii. noisome weeds, situs herbae-
que 14, [squaleo, horreo].
14. ' the enemy owes to enemies
the bounty he has.'
1 8. bless me, ore fave.
140 HINTS AND HELPS
112. CENONE.
ON this holy height of Ida
where the pine and cypress grow,
sate a woman, young and lovely,
weeping, ever weeping low.
Drearily throughout the forest 5
did the winds of Autumn blow:
and the clouds above were flying,
and Scamander rolled below.
' Faithless Paris, cruel Paris ! '
Thus the poor deserted spake 10
' Wherefore thus so strangely leave me ?
why thy loving bride forsake?
why no tender word at parting ?
why no kiss, no farewell take?
would that I could but forget thee! 15
would this throbbing heart could break !
1. height, vertex, oilmen. Ida, me?' 39.
Idaeus. n. 63. Again she shouts.
2. cypress, cupressus, cuparissus. 12. ' me who was given to thee
4. ever, usque, totum diem, in vain.'
sine fine. 13. no last word for me? no
5. dreary, tristis. whispers?
6. ' Autumn failing' (deficio). 14. no kisses?
8. Xanthus. 16. forget, obliviscor, non
10. ' canst thou desert unhappy memini.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 141
113. ENGLAND.
BEHOLD, the world's great waste the ocean we
whole forests send to reign the sea ;
and every coast may trouble or relieve,
but none can visit us without our leave.
Our little world the image of the great ; 5
like that amidst the boundless ocean set,
of her own growth hath all that nature craves
and all that's rare is tribute from the waves.
As Egypt does not on the clouds rely,
but to the Nile owes more than to the sky; 10
so what our earth and what our heaven denies
our ever constant friend the sea supplies.
The taste of hot Arabia's spice we know,
free from the scorching sun that makes it grow,
without the worm in Persia's silks we shine 15
and without planting drink of every wine.
DRYDEN.
1. waste, aequora vasta. 9. rely, [obnoxius].
2. send, detrudo, immitto. 10. Nile, (Nlliacus adj.), soil,
reign, rego, imperito. [uber].
3. coast, plaga. relieve [merx]. ' n. denies, nego [malignus].
4. visit, adeo, viso. 12. supply, suppedito.
5. ' world to us.' 13. Arabes.
6. ' reflects the world,' [refero.] 15. worm, bombyx.
7. [victus.] 1 6. wine, [Chium, Lesbiura,
8. tribute, reditus, tributa. Falernum, &c.].
142 HINTS AND HELPS
114. THE RAVEN AND THE OAK. I.
UNDERNEATH an old oak tree
there was of swine a huge company,
that grunted as they crunched the mast :
for that was. ripe and fell full fast.
Then they trotted away, for the wind it grew high : 5
one acorn they left and no more might you spy.
Next came a Raven that liked not such folly:
he belonged, they did say, to the witch Melancholy !
Blacker was he than blackest jet,
flew low in the rain and his feathers not wet. 10
He picked up the acorn and buried it straight
by the side of a river both deep and great.
Where then did the Raven go ?
He went high and low,
over hill, over dale, did the black Raven go.
Many autumns, many springs
travelled he with wandering wings
many summers, many winters
I can't tell half his adventures.
1. eak, aesculus, quercus, ilex. 9. Instead of jet say 'vaccinia,'
2. 'swine, a saucy band,' 9. berries.
3. grunts, grunnitus. crunch, 12. call the river A ufidus, 10.
mando, [fatigo.] 13. 'Over hill, over dale, soon
5. [fit fuga.] you go.'
6. [de tot modo stratis.] 14. I can never recount your
7. * meditating something more road.
serious,' 10. 15. many, quot, [tero, duco].
8. the Stygian witch , maga.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 143
115. THE RAVEN AND THE OAK. II.
AT length he came back, and with him a she,
and the acorn was grown to a tall oak tree.
They built them a nest in the topmost bough,
and young ones they had and were happy enow.
But soon came a woodman in leathern guise, 5
his brow, like a pent house, hung over his eyes.
He'd an axe in his hand, not a word he spoke,
/ but with many a hem ! and a sturdy stroke,
1 at length he brought down the poor Raven's old oak.
His young ones were killed, for they could not depart,
and their mother did die of a broken heart. 10
( The boughs from the trunk the woodman did sever ;
( and they floated it down on the course of the river.
( They sawed it in planks, and its bark they did strip,
( and with this tree and others they made a good ship.
The ship it was -launched ; but in sight of the land 15
such a storm there did rise as no ship could withstand.
It bulged on a rock, and the waves rushed in fast :
round and round flew the Raven and cawed to the blast.
1. she, corva. volatus.
2. 69. ii. sever, nudo.
4. 'brood, dear pledges,' 9. 13. in sight of land, suo vel
5. leather, corium. litore viso.
7. axe, bipennis, securis. 15. [alveus haurit aquas.]
8. [Lares.] 16. 10.
9. 'scarce fit for so long a^fy,'
144 HINTS AND HELPS
116. A DREAM OF FAIR WOMEN.
[Iphigenia.]
BUT she, with sick and scornful looks averse,
to her full height her stately stature draws:
'My youth/ she said, 'was blasted with a curse;
this woman was the cause.
I was cut off from hope in that sad place, 5
which yet to name my spirit loathes and fears:
my father held his hand upon his face,
I blinded with my tears,
still strove to speak : my voice was thick with sighs ;
as in a dream dimly I could descry 10
the stern black bearded kings with wolfish eyes
waiting to see me die.
The high masts flickered as they lay afloat,
the crowds, the temples, wavered, and the shore
the bright death quivered at the victims' throat 15
touched; and I knew no more.
A. TENNYSON.
1. scorn, fastldia. 8. blind, impedio. tears, lacri-
2. full height, incessu vero pa- mae, singultus.
teo, ingredior altus. 9. kings, dark heads, 9.
3. curse, Furiae, Dirae. 10. wolfish, torvus, intentus.
5. loathes, horreo, fastldio. n. afloat, suspensus.
7. hand, 7. 13. bright death, invert.
FOR LA TIN ELEGIA CS. 145
117. THE REVENGE. I.
A PINNACE, like a fluttered bird, came flying from far away :
' Spanish ships of war at sea ! we have sighted fifty-three ! '
Then sware Lord Thomas Howard : ' 'Fore God I am
no coward ;
but I cannot meet them here, for my ships are out of gear,
and the half my men are sick. I must fly, but follow
quick. 5
We are six ships of the line; can we fight with fifty-
three?'
Then spake Sir Richard Grenville : ' I know you are
no coward;
you fly them for a moment to fight with them again.
9 j" But I've ninety men and more that are lying sick ashore.
< I should count myself the coward if I left them, my
( Lord Howard, 10
To these Inquisition dogs and the devildoms of Spain.'
So Lord Howard past away with five ships of war that day,
till he melted like a cloud in the silent summer heaven ;
but Sir Richard bore in hand all his sick men from
the land
I very carefully and slow,
14 ( and we laid 'them on the ballast down below ;
and they blest him in their pain, that they were not left
to Spain, 15
to the thumbscrew and the stake, for the glory of the
Lord. A. TENNYSON.
1. bird, 'pigeon.' morrow's palm awaits/ [cras-
2. ' ten times five sails.' tinus].
3. 'says he is no runaway;' 10. Whom I should not wish to
fugax. desert. Leave out' Inquisition,' &c.
4. [torpeo, marcidus.] 12. as a cloud disappears.
5. follow [terga teneo]. 14. lay, depono.
6. Can six keep off fifty? 50. 15. [supplicium] ; leave out
7. 'the knight,' eques. ' thumbscrew and stake.'
8. ' those who fly to-day, to-
146 HINTS AND HELPS
118. THE REVENGE. II.
HE had only a hundred seamen to work the ship and
fight,
( and he sailed away from Flores till the Spaniard came
2< in sight,
I with his huge sea-castles heaving upon the weather bow.
!' Shall we fight or shall we fly?
Good Sir Richard, tell us now,
for to fight is but to die!
There '11 be little of us left by the time this sun be set.'
,And Sir Richard said again : ' We be all good English
men.
Let us bang these dogs of Seville, the children of the
devil,
6 Hor I never turned my back upon Don or devil yet.'
Sir Richard spoke and he laughed and we roared a
hurrah, and so
the little Revenge ran on sheer into the heart of the foe,
for half of their fleet to the right and half to the left
were seen,
and the little Revenge ran on through the long sea-
lane between. TO
Thousands of their soldiers looked down from their
decks and laughed,
thousands of their seamen made mock at the mad
little craft
running on and on, till delayed
by their mountain-like San Philip that, of fifteen hun-
dred tons,
ae
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 147
and up-shadowing high above us with her yawning
tiers of guns, 15
took the breath from our sails, and we stay'd.
A. TENNYSON.
1. 'were healthy;' valeo. 10. lane, limes, between, 54.
2. Florcs, portus. 13. 'On goes the ship, it goes.'
3. ' Now flight or death awaits San Philip, Chlmaera, Philippus,
us.' 10.
5. ' we must seek fight.' 14. [quantus].
6. Spaniards (Hispani) cannot 15. tiers, tabiilata.
frighten me [temfico]. 16. ' sails flap no longer filled,'
7. hurrah, voces faventes. 66.
9. ' presses right and left ;' 55.
148 HINTS AND HELPS
119. THE REVENGE. III.
AND the night went down, and the sun smiled out far
over the summer sea,
and the Spanish fleet with broken sides lay round us all
in a ring;
but they dared not touch us again, for they feared that
we still could sting ;
so they watched what the end would be.
And we had not fought them in vain, 5
but in perilous plight were we;
and the sick men down in the hold were most of them
stark and cold,
and the pikes were all broken or bent, ,and the powder
was all of it spent ;
and the masts and the rigging were lying over the side ;
but Sir Richard cried in his English pride, 10
'We have fought such a fight for a day and a night
as may never be fought again !
/We have w r on great glory, my men!
13 \ And a day less or more
j at sea or ashore,
14 Vwe die does it matter when?
Sink me the ship, Master Gunner sink her, split her in
twain! . 15
Fall into the hands of God, not into the hands of Spain ! '
A. TENNYSON.
2. Spanish, tberus, 20. oars, yardarm, antenna.
3. * combats once-tried.' 10. as an English (Anglus)
4. 'what the dawn brings.' officer.
6. the men who were undone 12. [fors renovatur.]
had first undone [perdo, pereo]. 13. [gloria paritur.]
8. f darts or weapons.' 14. What matter (whether) to-
9. The side is bare (nudus) of morrow or to-day death be on us ?
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 149
120. SENSITIVE PLANT. I.
A SENSITIVE plant in a garden grew,
and the young winds fed it with silver dew,
and it opened its fan-like leaves to the light,
and closed them beneath the kisses of night.
And the Spring arose in the garden fair, 5
like the spirit of love felt everywhere;
and each flower and herb on earth's dark breast
rose from the dreams of its wintry rest.
But none ever trembled and panted with bliss
. . . as the companionless sensitive plant. ro
For the sensitive plant has no bright flower,
radiance and odour are not its dower,
it loves even like love, its deep heart is full;
it desires what it has not the beautiful.
The sensitive plant was the earliest
upgathered into the bosom of rest;
a sweet child weary of its delight,
the feeblest and yet the favourite, 15
cradled within the embrace of night.
P. B. SHELLEY.
1. sensitive [turpis, vilis]. gar- 9. [nescio quis dulcedo.]
den, horti, pi. TO. [sensus.]
2. fed, nutrio, 77. 13. 'it feels the force of love.'
4. [premo labris.] 14. [concilio.]
5. [saturnia regna.] 15. ' It first night cradles.'
6. ' so love breathes everywhere.' 16. ' so a fond mother cherishes
8. ' as winter fails, their dreams her delicate one.'
cease,' [deficio, cado].
150 HINTS AND HELPS
121. SENSITIVE PLANT. II.
A LADY, the wonder of her kind,
whose form was upborne by a lovely mind,
which dilating, had moulded her mien and motion
like a sea-flower unfolded beneath the ocean,
tended the garden from morn to even,
and the meteors of that sublimer heaven,
like the lamps of the air when night walks forth,
laughed from her footsteps up to the "earth.
I doubt not the flowers of that garden sweet
rejoiced in the sound of her gentle feet ;
I doubt not they felt the spirit that came
from her glowing fingers through all their frame.
This fairest creature from earliest Spring
thus moved through the garden ministering
all the sweet season of Summer-tide,
and ere the first leaf looked brown, she died.
P. B. SHELLEY.
i. A lovely woman cared-for the soil, as stars of the sky.'
the flowers. 9. [Fallor an.]
3. as the sea-flower unfolds 10. actually the blossoms re-
beneath the waves, alga. joiced at the sound.
4. [largior incessus, nobilior 14. her, do you, O paradise,
gradus.] cherish with spring suns.
6. meteors, faces. 15. [sub frigore primo.]
7. 'Flowers shone forth from
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 151
122. SENSITIVE PLANT. III.
THREE days the flowers of the garden fair
like stars when the moon is awakened were,
and on the fourth the sensitive plant
felt the sound of the funeral chant;
and the steps of the bearers heavy and slow, 5
and the sobs of the mourners deep and low;
the garden once fair became cold and foul,
like the corpse of her that had been its soul.
f Which at first was lovely as if in sleep,
< then slowly changed till it grew a heap
( to make men tremble who never weep. 10
For Winter came; the wind was his whip,
one choppy finger was on his lip :
he had torn the cataract from the hills,
and they clanked at his girdle like manacles.
When Winter had gone, and Spring came back, 15
the sensitive plant was a leafless wrack;
but the mandrakes and toadstools and docks and
darnels
rose like the dead from their ruined charnels.
P. B. SHELLEY.
1. Three days pass: flowers 10. never [metuo, ignore],
droop and get pale. n. Boreas, whip, flagellum.
2. 'so may you see.' 12. choppy, rugosns.
4. tt& funeral chant, exsequiale, 14. 'his girdle (zona) clanks
funereum melos. stuffed with ice, as if with mana-
7. [sordidus fit, putrescit.] cles.'
8. so foul is the corpse. 17. mandrakes, use avenae.
9. At first sleep holds it ; then darnel, lolium.
it becomes a shapeless carcase. 18. dead [lemures].
152 HINTS AND HELPS
123. WALSINGHAM BALLAD. I.
[For ' Our Lady of Walsingham,' see Knight's England, Vol. ii.]
'As, you came from the holy-land of Walsingham
met you not with my true love by the way as you eame ? '
' How should I know your true love, that have met many a one
as I came from the holy-land, that have come, that have gone? '
' She is neither white nor brown, 5
but as the heavens fair;
there is none hath a form so divine
on the earth, in the air.*
' Such a one did I meet, good sir,.
with angel-like face: 10
who like a queen doth appear
in her gait, in her grace/
' She hath left me here all alone,
all alone and unknown,
who sometimes loved me as her life, 15
and called me her own/ THOS. DELONY, i6M Cent.
1. ' thou who leavest the church ' 9. [Comp. Ovid, Fasti, iv. 583,
(aedes) of the virgin. ' ne vana labores/]
2. by the way, hac [ecqua pu- 10. meet [obvius].
ella]. ii. you might think.
3. 'It is true, many go and re- 12. gait, gressus, incessus, [in-
turn.' Avoid the question and gredior],
reply here. 14. alone, incomitatus, non co-
4. 'still she stands out,' 74. mitatus.
5. [ligustra], Verg. E. 2. 18. 16. 'prayed I might be hers.'
7. [simile ant secundum], 69. Omit 'ut' if necessary, 57.
FOR LA TIN ELEG1A CS. 153
124. WALSINGHAM BALLAD. II.
WHAT 's the cause she hath left thee alone and a new way
doth take,
that sometimes did love thee as her life, and her joy did
thee make?'
'I loved her all my youth,
but now am old, you see :
love liketh not the fallen fruit, 5
nor the withered tree.
For love is a careless child and forgets promise past:
he is blind, he is deaf, when he list, and in faith never fast.
For love is a great delight,
and yet a trustless joy; 10
he is won with a word of despair,
and is lost with a toy.
Nay, love is a durable fire,
in the mind ever burning;
never sick, never dead, never cold, . 15
from itself never turning/ THOS. DELONY, ibth Cent.
1. Tell me why, &c. 9. idem, 54.
2. * thou gavest life and joy/ or 10. 'brings and carries off,'
' it was life to her to see you.' fertque rapitque.
3. mark question and reply by n. ' of one despairing.'
some such word as 'dixit,' 68. 12. toy [munuscula, dona].
4. the brightness, which was 13. [Vestam, pervigiles ignes
before, is gone. vincit.]
5. fallen, caducus, lapsus. 14. [non periturus.]
6. -withered, marcidus, nudus 15. sick, languidus, aeger, lan-
comis. guens.
7. careless, procax, protervus. 16. 'leave his wonted path,'
8. deaf, non audio, non capio 39.
aure, surdus.
154 HINTS AND HELPS
125. RELIEF OP LUCKNOW. I.
THERE was one of us, a corporal's wife,
a fair young gentle thing,
wasted with fever in the siege,
and her mind was wandering.
She lay on the ground in her Scottish plaid, 5
and I took her head on my knee:
1 When my father comes hame frae the pleugh,' she said,
{ Oh ! please then waken me.'
She slept like a child on her father's floor
in the flecking of wood-bine shade, 10
when the house-dog sprawls by the open door;
and the mother's wheel is stayed.
It was smoke and roar, and powder-stench,
and hopeless waiting for death :
but the soldier's wife, like a full-tired child, 15
seemed scarce to draw her breath.
R. T. S. LOWELL.
i. corporal, centurio, [vix annis 6. took, sustineo, 55.
utilis]. 8. [somnus premit, opprimit.
3. siege, obsidio. fallit oculos.]
4. wandering [urgent furiae, 10. wood-bine. Leave out, or
rabies: lymphor]. use cerintha, labrusca, vitis.
5. Scotch plaid, patria palla, n. house-dog, molossus.
vestis. 14. ' una salus mori.'
FOR LA TIN ELEGIA CS. 155
126. BELIEF OP LUCKNOW. II.
I SANK to sleep, and I had my dream,
of an English village-lane,
and wall and garden; a sudden scream
brought me back to the roar again.
( Then Jessie Brown stood listening,
1 and then a broad gladness broke
all over her face, and she took my hand
and drew me near and spoke :
The Highlander's ! Oh ! dinna ye hear
the slogan far awa
the McGregor's? Ah! I ken it weel;
it's the grandest o' them a'.
'God bless thae bonny Highlanders!
We 're saved ! we 're saved ! ' she cried :
and fell on her knees, and thanks to God
pour'd forth, like a full flood-tide.
Along the battery-line her cry
had fallen among the men:
and they started, for they were there to die :
Was life so near them then?
R. T. S. LOWELL.
!
r
1. dream, somnium [videor]. 9. Highlanders, cives, Sccti.
2. English [notus]. God bless, saluto, servet deus.
5. Jessie, ipsa. 10. [auspicibus vobis.]
7. slogan, tibia. Leave out 12. 72.
Highlanders. 13. 'Nor does she say more.
8. McGregor s, Actorides. That cry, &c.
156 HINTS AND HELPS
127. RELIEF OP LUCKNOW. III.
THEY listen'd, for life: and the rattling fire
far off, and the far-off roar
were all : and the colonel shook his head,
and they turned to their guns once more.
Then Jessie said ' That slogan's dune ;
but can ye no hear them, noo,
The Campbells are comin ? It 's no a dream ;
our succours hae broken through ! '
We heard the roar and the rattle afar,
but the pipes we could not hear;
so the men plied their work of hopeless war,
and knew that the end was near.
/It
13 1
was not long ere it must be heard,
a shrilling ceaseless sound :
was no noise of the strife afar,
or the sappers underground.
f was the pipes of the Highlanders,
/
( and now they play r d ' Auld Lang Syne:' 15
it came to our men like the voice of God,
and they shouted along the line.
R. T. S. LOWELL.
1 . fire, machina. 7. Campbells, Battiades, or any
2. roar, classica, tubae, any patronymic, no dream, non in-
noise of battle. somnia, non vana.
3. colonel, dux. shakes head, n. plied, exerceo, instauro
renuo. [itur].
4. [spe desperata.] 14. sap, subvecto, effodio solum.
5. [primus sonus.] 15. [carmina cognita, nota.]
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 157
128. NAUSICAA SOLILOQUISES. I.
THERE came he on us from the forest dim
sea-worn, but like a god in face and limb.
Even a king's daughter wonderful and fair
might lose her heart unblamed to one like him.
One word of parting was to serve for all, 5
one last short word when to the festival
he came at evening his face flushed and keen
with thoughts of home ; and high along the hall
the great gold statues held their torches red;
I spoke with loud seas swirling in my head, 10
* Farewell ; remember that to me this day
thou owest thy life's ransom.' Then he said
some words in answer: his voice sounded dim
far off: the silver pillars seemed to swim
before me, and he spoke and passed away, 15
and that was the last word I had of him.
1. He, Ulysses, dim, sublustris. 8. [ardeo.]
2. ille, 25. 9. See 63 [fulcrum].
3. unblamed, expers culpae, in- 10. held, sustineo, praepono,
sons. 69.
4. lose heart, succumbo, do fi- n. ' Tis my gift that you live.'
dem, 40. Compare Ovid, Heroides, xii. 206.
5. parting. Use salus. 13. something, nescio quid.
6. Compare Ovid, Heroides, 14. far off, remotus, amotus.
xii. 50. 16. 'He was nowhere? Use
7. 'determined on going.' nullus, 54.
158 HINTS AND HELPS
129. NATJSICAA. II.
THE twisting-horned slow-swinging oxen low
across the fields; light waves in even flow
plash on the beach; but when he went from us
the morning and the sunlight seemed to go.
The gods are angry; we shall never be 5
now as of old, when far from all men we
dwelt in a lonely land and languorous
circled and slumbered by the sleeping sea.
Why should I live where everything goes wrong,
where hope is dead, and only grief lasts long? 10
I will have rest among the asphodel,
for death is stronger, though my love be strong.
The last white stars grow fainter one by one ;
the folding mists rise up to meet the sun ;
birds twitter on our dewy orchard trees; 15
day comes; alas! my day is nearly done.
i. [tardi iuvenci, vis lenta 7. [languor membra tenet.]
bourn.] 8. sleeping sea, quies marina,
3. He indeed goes, 62. ponti situs.
5. [tempora prisca redibunt, re- n. / zt/zV/, certum est.
ditura.] 15. /fcw/y, roscida. orchard trees,
6. lonely, reductus. poma.
FOR LA TIN RLE GIA CS. 159
130. NAPOLEON'S FAREWELL.
FAREWELL to the land, where the gloom of my glory
arose and overshadowed the earth with her name
she abandons me now but the page of her story,
the brightest or blackest, is filled witn my fame.
I have warred with a world which vanquished me only 5
when the meteor of conquest allured me too far:
I have coped with the nations which dread me thus lonely,
the last single captive to millions in war.
Farewell to thee, France ! when thy diadem crowned me,
I have made thee the gem and the wonder of earth, 10
but thy weakness decrees I should leave as I found thee,
decayed in thy glory, and sunk in thy worth.
Oh ! for the veteran hearts that were wasted
in strife with the storm, when their battles were won
then the Eagle, whose gaze in that moment was blasted, 15
had still soared with eyes fixed on victory's son !
BYRON.
1. [grandior umbra.] sands; now conquered I frighten
2. 0Vrj^a^?w,obumbro,obtego. thousands.'
3. story, fasti. 9. diadem, diadema, aurum.
4. white, 'to-be-marked with 10. 'thou shinest all the more
chalk,' creta. lovely,' [splendidus.]
6. meteor, [nimius laudis amor, 12. worth, [fides.]
palma mendax.] 15. blast, laedo, praestringo.
7. 'Then I conquered thou-
160 HINTS AND HELPS
131. BARBARA FRITCHIE.
UP from the meadows rich with corn,
clear in the cool September morn,
green-walled by the hills of Maryland
the clustered spires of Frederick stand.
Round about them orchards sweep,
apple and peach-tree fruited deep,
fair as a garden of the Lord
to the eyes of the famished rebel horde.
( Forty flags with their silver stars,
I forty flags with their crimson bars,
| flapped in the morning wind : the sun
I of noon looked down, and saw not one. 10
( Up rose old Barbara Fritchie then,
1 bowed with her fourscore years and ten ;
J bravest of all in Frederick town,
( she took up the flag the men hauled down ;
in her attic-window the staff she set,
to show that one heart was loyal yet.
Up the street came the rebel tread, 15
Stonewall Jackson riding ahead.
Under his slouched hat left and right
he glanced; the old flag met his sight.
'Halt!' the dust-brown ranks stood fast.
' Fire ! ' out blazed the rifle-blast. 20
It shivered the window, pane, and sash ;
it rent the banner with seam and gash.
Quick, as it fell from the broken staff
Dame Barbara snatched the silken scarf;
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS.
161
she leaned far out on the window-sill, 25
and shook it forth with a royal will.
1 Shoot, if you must, this old grey head,
but spare your country's flag/ she said.
{A shade of sadness, a blush of shame,
over the face of the leader came;
f the nobler nature within him stirred
I to life at that woman's deed and word : 30
' Who touches a hair of yon grey head
dies like a dog! March on!' he said.
J. G. WHITHER.
1 . morning : autumn.
2. not yet hot.
3. ' churches and towers;' leave
out Frederick.
4. Maryland was named after
Henrietta Maria, 10.
8. garden of the Lord, Elysii
campi.
11. Barbara, anus.
1 2. 'which the men took down.'
15. 'Stonewall Jackson,' dux.
1 6. [strata, plateae.]
19. halt, sisto.
20. [hostica tela.]
21. window pane, fenestra,
morae vitreae.
23. Barbara, Beroe. as it fell,
iamiam casura.
24. ' the pole falls,' hasta.
25. window-sill, e patula fene-
stra.
26. royal will, imperiosus.
28. spate, parco, non violo.
1 62 HINTS AND HELPS
132. POOR MATTHIAS.
POOR Matthias! Found him lying
fallen beneath his perch and dying?
Found him stiff, you say, though warm
all convulsed his little form?
( Poor canary ! many a year
6 "\ well he knew his mistress dear ;
^ now in vain you call his name,
( vainly raise his rigid frame,
g \ vainly warm him in your breast,
^ vainly kiss his golden crest
smooth his ruffled plumage fine,
touch his trembling beak with wine. 10
One more gasp it is the end!
dead and mute our tiny friend !
Songster thou of many a year,
now thy mistress brings thee here,
( says, it fits that I rehearse,
(tribute asked by thee, a verse 15
f meed for daily song of yore,
1 silent now for evermore.
M. ARNOLD.
1 . ' Do you say that you found,' 6. mistress, ipsa.
&c. 8. warm, foveo.
2. perch, sedes. cage, cavea. 12. tiny, pusillus.
4. convulsed, contremuisse. 14. [donandus carmine.]
FOR LA TIN ELE GIA CS. 163
133. CANOSSA 1075.
IN the courtyard of Canossa
stands the Caesar pale and shivering.
through the day so cold and rainy
barefoot, and in garb of sorrow.
Prayer he murmurs, but his spirit 5
frets against the sore dishonour,
thinks of many a German forest,
thinks of many a gallant liegeman,
*O that I could call them here,
each right arm a sword uprearing, 10
each good battle-axe around me
longing, longing for the battle;
then the shavelings who affront me
soon will fly in wild confusion,
and before our yeomen banners 15
soon the Capital would tremble.'
1. 'Overwhelmed with vexa- volvo.
tion.' Canusinus, adj. 9. them, say ' former comrades.'
2. shiver, horreo. n. 'Would that I could go
3. Use substantives coupled, girt with two thousand axes.'
14. 12. [par amor.]
4. barefoot, nudus pedem, nudo 13. shavelings, serva, servilis
pede, nudus pede. turba.
5. ' like one praying.' 14. fly, [diffugio.]
6. dishonmir, dedecus, pudor, 15. banners, signa, aquilae.
[indignus, immeritus.] 16. yeomen, agrestes viri.
7. thinks, mente reputo, re-
M 2
1 64 HINTS AND HELPS
134. THE BAILIFF'S DAUGHTER OF ISLINGTON. I.
(NORFOLK.)
( THERE was a youth, and a well-beloved youth,
1 \ and he was a squire's son :
The loved the bailiffs daughter dear,
2 ( that lived in Islington.
JYet she was coy and would not believe
3 ( that he did love her so,
( nor at any time would she
4 | any countenance to him show.
( But when his friends did understand
5 \ his fond and foolish mind,
j they sent him up to fair London
( an apprentice for to bind.
JAnd when he had been seven long years,
^ ( and never his love could see ;
( many a tear have I shed for her sake,
I when she little thought of me.
JThen all the maids of Islington
\ went forth to sport and play :
| all but the bailiffs daughter dear:
( she secretly stole away. 10
/ she pulled off her gown of green,
1 \ and put on ragged attire,
( and to fair London she would go,
2 ( her true love to enquire ;
and as she went along the high road,
the weather being hot and dry,
she sat her down upon a green bank, 15
and her true love came riding by. PEPYS' Collection.
1. squire, armiger. 10. stole away, corripiome.
2. bailiff's daughter, villica. n. ragged attire, panni. gown
3. coy, [hinnuleae similis.] of green, palla viridis [bis tinctus].
4. countenance, v5ta. exchange, muto.
6. apprentice, tiro. 12. love, procus, suns.
7. years, annus, [aestas, ver, 13. highroad, munita, strata
hiems.] viarum.
9. sport, bacchor, ludo. 16. 69.
FOR LA TIN ELE GIA CS. 165
135. THE BAILIFF'S DAUGHTER OF ISLINGTON. II.
(NORFOLK.)
(She started up with colour so red,
1 \ catching hold of his bridle rein,
| ' One penny, one penny, kind sir,' she said,
2 ( 'will ease me of much pain.'
( ' Before I give you one penny, sweetheart,
3 \ pray tell me where you were born : '
/ ' At Islington, kind sir,' she said,
r
4 \ ' where I have had many a scorn.'
1 1 prythee, sweetheart, then tell to me, 5
O tell me whether you know
the bailiff's daughter at Islington:'
' She is dead, sir, long ago/
( ' If she be dead, then take my horse,
9 I my saddle and bridle also :
(for I will into some far country
\ where no man shall me know.' 10
'Oh stay, oh stay, thou goodly youth,
she standeth by thy side,
she is here, alive, she is not dead,
and ready to be thy bride.'
f ' Oh farewell grief, and welcome joy,
15 I ten thousand times before ; 15
( for now I have found mine own true love
\ whom I thought I should never see more.'
PEPYS' Collection.
1. bridle, habenae. 9. horse, caballus.
2. penny, aes. ease pain, damna 10. far country, Syrtes, Gades,
lvo. barbaries, &c.
4. Islington, Ameria. n. goodly youth, dulcissime
6. 'do not conceal what you rerum.
know,' celo, condo sinu. 12. side, [adsam, premo latus.]
8. is dead, fuit, vixit, mortua est, 16. found, recipio, revise.
1 66 HINTS AND HELPS
136. THE EMPEROR'S BIRD'S-lfrEST. I.
ONCE the Emperor Charles of Spain,
with his swarthy, grave commanders,
I forget in what campaign,
3 1 long besieged in mud and rain,
some old frontier town of Flanders.
Up and down the dreary camp,
in great boots of Spanish leather,
striding with a measured tramp,
these Hidalgos, dull and damp,
cursed the Frenchmen, cursed the weather.
{Thus as to and fro they went,
over upland and through hollow,
giving their impatience vent,
perched upon the Emperor's tent,
in her nest, they spied a swallow.
H. W. LONGFELLOW.
1. ' had girded himself to war.' 8. curse, increpito. weather,
2. commanders, ora ducum. * winds.'
4. Flanders, [bibit Rhenum.] 9. hollow, lacuna, lama.
5. dreary, taedia. 10. impatience, bills.
6. boots, caligae. n. Emperor's tent, praetoria.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 167
137. THE EMPEROR'S BIRD'S-NEST. II.
YES, it was a swallow's nest,
built of clay and hair of horses,
/ mane, or tail, or dragoon's crest,
3 < found on hedge-rows east and west,
I after skirmish of the forces.
Then an old Hidalgo said, 5
as he twirled his gray mustachio,
{' Sure this swallow overhead
thinks the Emperor's tent a shed,
and the Emperor but a Macho ! '
Hearing his imperial name
coupled with those words of malice, 10
( half in anger, half in shame,
1 1 < forth the great campaigner came
I slowly from his canvas palace.
'Let no hand the bird molest/
said he solemnly, 'nor hurt her!'
f Adding then by way of jest,
I ^< 'Golondrina is my guest, 15
( 'tis the wife of some deserter ! '
H. W. LONGFELLOW.
2. clay, lutei Lares. 8. Macho, mulus.
3. mane, &c., villus. hedge-row, 9. [nomina suum nmlique iungi.]
septa, [tesqua.] u. campaign, [debello] ornatus
5. Hidalgo, Hispanus, tot triumphis.
6. twirl, [barbam mulceo.] 15. Golondrina, Philomela.
7. Emperors tent, praetSria. 16. deserter, profugus.
68
HINTS AND HELPS
138. THE EMPEROR'S BIRD'S -NEST. III.
SWIFT as bowstring speeds a shaft,'
through the camp was spread the rumour,
( and the soldiers, as they quaffed
< Flemish beer at dinner, laughed
vat the Emperor's pleasant humour.
So unharmed and unafraid
sat the swallow still and brooded,
till the constant cannonade
through the walls a breach had made,
and the siege was thus concluded.
Then the army elsewhere bent,
struck its tents as if disbanding,
only not the Emperor's tent,
for he ordered, ere he went,
very curtly, 'Leave it standing!'
So it stood there all alone,
loosely flapping, torn and tattered,
till the brood was fledged and flown,
singing o'er those walls of stone
which the cannon-shot had shattered.
H. W. LONGFELLOW.
10
3. quaffed) &c. [posita inter
pocula],
4. 'how he is mild, and how
humorous,' facetus.
8. siege, obsidio.
10. Emperor s tent, regia tecta,
domus.
11. order, do iussa.
14. torn, dilacero, dilanio.
tatters, fragmen.
FOR LA TIN ELE GIA CS. 169
139. NAPOLEON AND THE SAILOR. I.
'TWAS when his banners at Boulogne
armed in our island every freeman,
his navy chanced to capture one
poor British seaman.
They suffered him, I know not how, 5
unprisoned on the shore to roam;
and aye was bent his youthful brow
on England's home.
( His eye, methinks, pursued the flight
1 of birds to Britain, half way over,
f with envy they could reach the white
1 dear cliffs of Dover. 10
u f A stormy midnight watch, he thought,
I than this sojourn would have been dearer,
if but the storm his vessel brought
to England nearer.
At last, when care had banished sleep,
he saw one morning, dreaming, doating,
an empty hogshead from the deep 15
come shoreward floating.
T. CAMPBELL.
1. Bononia [Gallus tyrannus]. 7. [obtiitu tenet.]
2. [tessera.] 9. birds, 7.
3. ' One against thousands.' 10. cliffs of Dover, littora nota.
6. ' think they, scarce can safety 14. [Incertum vigllans.]
be won back if-he-do- wander.' 15. hogshead, cadus.
1 70 HINTS AND HELPS
140. NAPOLEON AND THE SAILOR. II.
HE hid it in a cave, and wrought
the live-long day, laborious, lurking,
until he launched a tiny boat
by mighty working.
^ ( Oh, dear me ! 'twas a thing beyond
I description ! Such a wretched wherry 5
6 f perhaps ne'er ventured on a pond
( or crossed a ferry.
( For ploughing on the salt sea field,
I it would have made the boldest shudder :
/untarred, uncompassed, and unkeJed
O \
I no sail, no rudder !
From neighbouring woods he interlaced
his sorry skiff with wattled willows : 10
and thus equipped he would have passed
the foaming billows.
A French guard caught him on the beach,
his little Argo sorely jeering,
till tidings of him chanced to reach 15
Napoleon's hearing.
T. CAMPBELL.
2. 'cheats the day with industry,' 9. willow, salignus. branches,
sedulitas. trabes.
3. ' how small a boat finished interlace, implico. sorry, rimo-
by how great labour,' quantulus. sus, vilis, sordidus.
5. [Quin me musa iuvas?], 12. would have passed, 45.
mock-heroic style. 13. guard, exciibiae.
6. pond, stagnum. 14. ' what a joke was our lason.'
8. rudder^ moderamen. 16. 10.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. ' 171
141. NAPOLEON AND THE SAILOR. III.
f WITH folded arms Napoleon stood,
I serene alike in peace and danger,
fand in his wonted attitude
I addressed the stranger :
'Rash youth, that wouldst yon Channel pass
on twigs and staves so rudely fashioned,
thy heart with some sweet English lass 5
must be impassioned/
' I have no sweetheart/ said the lad,
'but absent years from one another,
great was the longing that I had
to see my mother.' 10
'And so thou shalt/ Napoleon said:
'you've both my favour justly won:
a noble mother must have bred
so brave a son/
( He gave the tar a piece of gold,
I and with a flag of truce, commanded \ 5
f he should be shipped to England Old
( and safely landed.
T. CAMPBELL.
i. serene, serenus, placidus, len- n. 'thy mother whom thou
tus [contemplor]. wishest to see, see thou shalt/
4. a twig, vimen, [fascis.] staff, 12. &?M,uterque, mater natusque.
palus. 13. Farewell; good luck.
9. ' I prefer nothing to a mother.' 14. [non poterat genuisse.]
172 HINTS AND HELPS
142. THE SOLITUDE OF ALEXANDER SELKIRK.
I AM monarch of all I survey;
my right there is none to dispute;
from the centre all round to the sea
I am lord of the fowl and the brute.
Solitude ! where are the charms 5
that sages have seen in thy face?
Better dwell in the midst of alarms
than reign in this horrible place.
1 am out of humanity's reach,
I must finish my journey alone, 10
never hear the sweet music of speech;
I start at the sound of my own.
The beasts that roam over the plain
my form with indifference see ;
they are so unacquainted with man, 15
their tameness is shocking to me.
W. COWPER.
i. [Sine vindice nostrum est.] talk,' [homo, human us].
4. repeat Imperito. 10. alone, 66.
5. [Demens qui cecinit.] 12. start at, tremo, aufugio.
7. [Barbaric septus.] 13. [Ipsa adeo ferarum agmina.]
9. 'A man I may not use man's 16. tameness, 67.
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 173
143. THE SOLITUDE OF ALEXANDER SELKIRK.
II.
YE winds that have made me your sport,
convey to this desolate shore
some cordial endearing report
of a land I shall visit no more :
my friends, do they now and then send 5
a wish or a thought after me?
O tell me I yet have a friend,
though a friend I am never to see.
How fleet is a glance of the mind!
Compared with the speed of its flight, 10
the tempest itself lags behind,
and the swift-winged arrows of light.
When I think of my own native land
in a moment I seem to be there;
but alas ! recollection at hand 15
soon hurries me back to despair.
W. COWPER.
2. make sport, ludifico. 7. Only let there be who follow
3. 'will ever some pledge of me with love.
love be claimed ?' 8. let one love me though never
4. ' will it be granted to send to be seen.
words back to the well-known 10. [transvolito.]
soil?' 13. think of, recolo.
5. [' De tot modo patribus 15. [species vanescit.]
unus.'] 1 6. despair } spes nulla.
174
HINTS AND HELPS
144. INVITATION.
UP! up! my Friend, and quit your books,
or surely you'll grow double;
up! up! my Friend, and clear your looks,
why all this toil and trouble?
The sun, above the mountain's head,
a freshening lustre mellow
through all the long green fields has spread,
his first sweet evening yellow.
Books ! 'tis a dull and , endless strife ;
come, hear the woodland linnet,
how sweet his music ! on my life,
there 's more of wisdom in it.
And hark ! how blithe the throstle sings !
He too is no mean preacher;
come forth into the life of things,
let Nature be your teacher.
W. WORDSWORTH.
10
1 . books, libri, chartae, tabulae,
scripta.
2. double [corpora curva, duplex
genu].
3. [spem fronte sereno.]
4. trouble, studium, labor.
5. freshen, renovo, novo.
6. mellow, maturus.
8. evening, Hesperius, vesper-
tinus.
9. ' what have you (to do) with
papers ? '
10. dost hear how the linnet
sings? galbiila.
11. wisdom, doctrina, sapientia.
13. throstle, turdus.
14. preacher, magister.
15. life of things, tenor rerum.
1 6. nature [omnia].
FOR LA TIN ELE GIA CS. 1 7 5
145. LOSS OF THE ROYAL GEORGE. I.
TOLL for the brave !
The brave that are no more !
All sunk beneath the wave
fast by their native shore.
Eight hundred of the brave, 5
whose courage well was tried,
had made the vessel heel
and laid her on her side.
A land-breeze shook the shrouds
and she was overset; 10
down went the Royal George,
with all her crew complete.
Toll for the brave!
Brave Kempenfelt is gone;
his last sea-fight is fought, 15
his work of glory done.
T. CAMPBELL.
1. /0//[nenia,funebresquerellae]. 8. make reel, premo latus.
2. no more [pereo, depereo]. 9. land-breeze, de terris orta.
4. ' In vain was close by,' [pro- 10. 'the keel floats, where should
pinquus.] have (use debeo) floated the prow/
5. courage, virtus, fides, try, 45.
specto, tento. n. call the ship ChTmaera.
6. 'twice four hundred and 12. 'planks and men have dis-
three.' appeared.' Repeat the verb, 62.
7. 'Ah careless band, what are 13. slightly vary verse.
you doing ? you are wrong to trust 14. 'the captain, our glory,'
the wave.' [male cautus, securus], 9.
42-
HINTS AND HELPS
146, LOSS OP THE ROYAL GEORGE. II.
IT was not in the battle;
no tempest gave the shock;
she sprang no fatal leak,
she ran upon no rock.
His sword was in its sheath,
his fingers held the pen,
when Kempenfelt went down,
with twice four hundred men.
Her timbers yet are sound,
and she may float again, TO
full charged with England's thunder
and plough the distant main:
but Kempenfelt is gone,
his victories are o'er;
and he and his eight hundred 15
shall plough the wave no more.
T. CAMPBELL.
1. 'did the prow sink',' sub- 10. float again, renovo, in-
sido, merger. stauro vias.
2. shock, plaga. n. ^ar^*/ [tonitrua iacto, hosti
3. leak, rima, fissura, .foramen. minor].
5. sheath, vagina. 13. gone [fleo ademptum].
6. pen, pluma, stilus. 14. [periit gloria, decus,nomen.]
9. sound, integer.
FOR LA TIN ELEGIA CS. 1 7 7
147. LAMENT FOR WALSIWGHAM. I.
IN the wrackes of Walsingham
whom should I chuse
but the Queen of Walsingham
to be guide to my muse ?
Then thou Prince of Walsingham 5
grant me to frame
bitter plaints to rewe thy wronge,
bitter woe for thy name.
Bitter was it, oh! to see
the seely sheepe 10
murdered by the raveninge wolves
while the sheephardes did sleep !
Bitter was it, oh ! to vewe
the sacred vyne,
whiles the gardiners placed all close, 15
rooted up by the swine.
! Bitter, bitter, oh! to behold
the grape to growe
where the walls of Walsingham
so stately did shewe.
EARL OF ARUNDEL, i6th Cent.
1. wrackes, ruinae. Walsing- 8. 'men who dishonour thy
ham Abbey, Templum, aedes. name.'
2. ' who is to steer my song ?' 14. sacred vine, trabs sacrata,
3. Qtteen, Holy Virgin. vitis.
4. Compare Ovid, Fasti, i. 466, 17. grapes, labrusca.
&c. 18. [basis orba.]
5. Prince, ' hallowed son.'
178 HINTS AND HELPS
148. LAMENT FOB WALSINGHAM. II.
( SUCH were the workes of Walsingham
I while she did stand !
f Such are the wrackes as now do shewe
1 of that holy land !
f Level, level, with the ground
I the towres do lie,
( which with their golden glittering tops
I pierced once to the sky !
Where were gates no gates are now;
the waies unknowen,
while the presse of peers did passe
while her fame far was bio wen.
Oules do scrike where the sweetest hymns
lately were songe : 10
toade's and serpents hold their dennes
where the palmers did thronge.
( Weepe, weepe, oh Walsingham,
I whose dayes are nights ;
( blessinge turn to blasphemies,
\ holy deeds to despite !
_ ( Sinne is where our ladie sat,
(heaven turned is to hell: 15
f Satan sits where our Lord did swaye.
I Walsingham, oh ! farewell !
EARL OF ARUNDEL, i6th Cent.
2. shew, videor, supersum. 9. owl, noctua.
4. sky, astra. n. toad, bufo. dens, lustrum,
5. no gates [atria nuda]. cavum.
7. peers, proceres frequentes, 14. blasphemies, crimina.
pia turba. 16. Satan, 'death, mischief.'
FOR LATIN ELEGIACS. 179
149. DON RODERICK'S VISION.
THEY come ! they come ! I see the groaning lands
white with the turbans of each Arab horde ;
swart Zaarah joins her unbelieving bands,
Alia and Mahomet their battle-word,
the choice they yield, the Koran or the Sword 5
See how the Christians rush to arms amain !
f In yonder shout the voice of conflict roared,
the shadowy hosts are closing on the plain
8 \ now, God and Saint lago strike, for the good cause of
Spain!
' By Heaven the Moors prevail ! the Christians yield :
Their coward leader gives for flight the sign ! 10
The sceptred craven mounts to quit the field
is not yon steed Orelio ? Yes, 'tis mine !
But never was she turned from battle-line :
lo ! where the recreant spurs o'er stock and stone !
Curses pursue the slave, and wrath divine ! 15
f Rivers ingulph him ! ' ' Hush/ in shuddering tone,
I the Prelate said '-rash Prince, yon visioned form 's
thine own.'
SCOTT.
1. groan, gemo, reclame. 5. Use imperatives. 'Die, or
2. turban, mitra. Arab, Arabs, swear in the words of the prophet.'
Arabians. 8. S.Iago, sanctus Jacobus, 10.
3. Zaarah, Africa. 9. Moors, Mauri.
4. Mahomet, vates. battle-word, 12. leave out Orelio [Fallor
tessera. an?].
N 2
i8o
HINTS AND HELPS
150. LITTLE NORAH.
A FAIR little girl sat under a tree,
sewing as long as her eyes could see ;
she smoothed her work and folded it right,
and said, 'Dear work, good night, good night/
5 Such a number of rooks flew over her head,
crying, Caw, caw, on their way to bed ;
she said, as she watched their curious flight,
'Little black things, good night, good night/
The horses neighed, and the oxen lowed,
( and the sheep's bleat-bleat came over the road,
10 < all seeming to say with a quiet delight,
( 'Good little girl, good night, good night/ .
j She did not say to the sun good night,
\ though she saw him there like a ball of light :
{for she knew that he had God's time to keep
all over the world, and never could sleep.
( The tall pink foxglove bowed his head,
13 ( the violets curtsied, and went to bed;
j and good little - - tied up her hair,
4 1 and said on her knees her evening- prayer.
_ | And while on her pillow she softly lay,
5 \ she heard nothing more till again it was
day;
again
( and all things said to the beautiful sun,
I ' Good morning, good morning, our work has begun.
LORD HOUGHTON.
1 . as long as, quantum.
2. sew, suo, traho fila.
3. smooth, demulceo. fold, du-
plico [loculo repono].
4. good night, nox eat placida,
lenis.
5. number, vis.
6. caw, crocito.
9. neigh, hinnio. low, miigio.
bleat, balo.
12. [insomnis.]
13. foxglove, baccar.
14. say prayer, v5ta, pieces
fundo, reddo.
16. work, opus, pensum.
FOR LA TIN ELEGIA CS. 1 8 1
151. THE FIRE OP LONDON.
[From Annus Mirabilis.]
SUCH was the rise of this prodigious fire,
which, in mean buildings first obscurely bred,
from thence did soon to open streets aspire,
and straight to palaces and temples spread.
The diligence of trades, and noiseful gain, 5
and luxury, more late, asleep were laid;
all was the Night's, and in her silent reign
no sound the rest of Nature did invade.
In this deep quiet from what source unknown,
those seeds of fire their fatal birth disclose; 10
and first few scattering sparks about were blown,
big with the flames that to our ruin rose.
Then in some close-pent room it crept along,
and, smouldering as it went, in silence fed;
till the infant monster, with devouring strong 15
walked boldly upright with exalted head.
DRYDEN.
2. mean buildings, casae, lares II. spark, scintilla, [rara, hie
viles, exigui. illic.]
3. aspire, bacchor, comissor. 12. [pestis acerba, caeca ruina.]
4. palaces, regia tecta, dorrms 13. creeps, serpo, insinuo.
procerum. 14. feeds, alimenta traho.
5. Put concrete rnercator, caupo. 15. ' raises itself into the air.'
8. nature, omnia, res [ubique], 16. walk, ingredior.
9. source, fons, origo [unde].
VOCABULARY.
a, unus.
abaisance, obsequium.
abandon, desero, desti-
tuo.
abandoned, perditus.
abase, minuo, premo.
abash, pudore afficio.
abate, elevo ; (of wind}
steraor.
abbatis, obex.
abbot, abbas [pater, pon-
tifex].
abbreviate, minuo.
abdicate, abdico, resigno.
abet, iiivo, auxilior, con-
scius sum.
abhor, fastidio, in odio
habeo.
abide, maneo, habito,
cole.
ability, ingenium [opis],
abject, vilis, sordidus.
abjure, renuncio.
able, potens [possum,
sufficio, valeo],
ablution, lustrum.
abnegate, renuo.
abnormal, nevus.
aboard [conscendo].
abode, sedes, domus, lar.
abolish, tollo, dissolve,
perdo, pessum do.
abolition [ruina, finis! .
abominable, detestatus,
exsecrandus, infandus,
sacer.
aboriginal [terrae filius] .
abortive, irritus, imma-
turus.
abound, abundo, super-
sum [sum super].
about, (prep.} circa, sub,
ad, circum ; (adv.}
circa, fere, ferme.
am about to, in animo
habeo, sum with fut.
part,
above, (adj.} siiperus ;
(adv.} supra, prae.
abreast, par [latus tegoj.
abridge, contraho.
abroad, (adj.} peregri-
nus; (acfo.)foris, pere-
gre.
abrupt, praeruptus, prae-
ceps.
absence, absentia.
absent, absens.
am absent, absum, desi-
deror.
absolute, merus [tyran-
nus].
absolutely, omnino, pem-
tus.
absolve, absolve.
absorb, haurio.
abstain, abstineo, parco.
abstemious, parcus.
absurd, ineptus, absur-
dus.
abundant, dives, uber.
abuse (ill-treat}, abutor,
amcio malo ; (revile}
maledico [regero con-
vicia, probra].
abusive, probrosus.
abyss, profunda, (n. pi}
barathrum, gurges.
academy, ludus.
! accelerate, mature, ce-
lero, propero.
accept, accipio, admitto.
acceptable, gratus, accep-
tus, accipiendus.
access, aditus, accessus.
accessible, facilis, per-
vius, ingrediendus.
accessory, conscius.
accident, casus, ibrs.
accommodate, morem
gero.
accompany, prosequor,
comitor, deduce ;
(part.} comitatus : pass.
takes abl.
accomplice, conscius, par-
ticeps.
accomplish, perficio, per-
ago, obeo, efficio.
accomplished, doctus, hu-
manus.
accost, alloquor, adfor,
compello, aggredior.
account, cura, ratio,
on account of, ob, prop-
ter [vicem].
accountable, reus.
accursed, nefastus, sa-
cer.
accuse, accuse, facie reum
[imputo].
accustom, exerceo, im-
bue,
be accustomed, soleo, as-
suesco.
ache, (s.} dolor ; (v.} do-
leo.
achieve [accomplish^,
achievement, facinus, res.
i8 4
VOCABULARY.
acknowledge, agnosco,
fateor.
acorn, glans.
acquaint, facio certum.
acquiesce, baud abnuo.
acquire, acquire.
acquit, absolve, purgo.
acre, iugerum.
across, trans, per.
act, ago, facta patro [me
gero].
actions, res gestae.
active, strenuus, agilis,
officiosus.
actually, scilicet, ultro.
acute, acutus, acer.
adamant, adamas.
adapted, commodus, ap-
tus.
add, addo, adicio.
be-adde, accedo.
adder, coluber.
addicted, deditus.
address, alloquor, aflfor.
adept, peritus.
adhere, cohaereo.
adherent, fautor ; in pi.
use mei, tui, sui.
adieu, vale [summa voce
saluto].
adjoining, contiguus,
iunctus.
adjust, renovo [revoco].
admiral, praefectus, qui
classi praeest.
admire, admiror, laudo,
amo.
admit, admitto, accipio,
recepto, concede,
it is admitted, constat.
admitting, licet, licebit.
admonish, moneo.
adopt, suscipio.
adorable, colendus, vene-
randus.
adore, colo. adoro, vene-
ror.
adorn, orno, decoro.
adorned, decorus.
' adornment, cultus, orna-
tus, decor.
adult, adultus [pubesl.
I advance, (.) progredior,
incedo, provehor.
: (a.) promoveo, infero.
I in advance, ante.
I advantage, bonum, com-
modum, utilitas.
j be of advantage, prosum.
advantageous, utilis.
adverse, ad versus, in fen -
sus.
be adverse, obsum, ob-
sto.
adversity, res adversae.
advice, consilium.
advise, suadeo, hortor,
consilior.
adviser, auctor, suasor.
advocate, patronus.
affair, res.
affect, afficio, moveo,
affecto, simulo.
affected, simulatus,fictus.
affection, affectus, amor,
pietas.
afflict, afficio, vexo.
afflicted, aeger, confectus,
miser.
be afflicted, laboro.
afford, praebeo, sufficio,
suppedito.
affright, terreo ; pavore,
metu afficio ; terrorem
inciitio.
affront, see insult,
afloat, suspensus.
be a .oat, nato.
afresh, [integer.]
after, post, ab, ex, sub
[posterior, secundus].
(co/.) postquam.
afternoon, post medium
diem
afterwards, inde, post ea
(not in fifth foot).
again, rursus, iterum
[novus].
against, in, contra, ad-
versus.
age, anni ; (/>/.) aetas,
aevum, seculum.
old age, senectus, se-
necta.
aghast, stupefactus.
ago, abhinc, dudum.
agony, dolor.
agree, consentio, con-
venio.
agreeable, probatus, gra-
tus, commodus.
aid, auxilium, subsidium,
opis gen ; (v.} adiuvo,
iuvo.
ail, doleo, aegroto.
aim, intendo, peto, volo.
air, aer, aether, aura ;
habitus [sub divo].
< /arm, pavor; (v.} turbo,
terreo, exanimo.
be alarmed, trepido.
alas, heu, eheu, vae, hei.
albatross [ardea].
alder, alnus.
alert, alacer, prompt us.
alien, peregrinus, exter-
nus, alienus.
alight, desilio, descendo,
insido.
alike, simul, pariter
[idem],
alive, vivus.
be alive, vivo, sum.
all, omnis, cunctus [ne-
mo non].
at all, omnino.
allay, placo, sedo, pono.
allegiance, fides, officium.
alliance, foedus.
allot, distribuo.
allow, patior, sino, con-
cede.
it is allowed, fas, licet.
allowance, venia, pensa.
ally, socius.
almost, fere, ferme.
alms, munera (n. p.}.
alone, unus, s5lus, in-
comitatus.
along, praeter, per.
aloud [voce].
also, etiam [idem].
altar, ara, altare.
alter, muto.
alternate, altemor; (adj.}
alternus.
alternately, per vices.
although, licet, licebit,
quamvis, etsi, ut.
altogether, omnino, nun-
quam non
always, semper.
amaze, stupefacio.
be amazed, obstupesco.
ambition, ambitio, gloria,
laudis amor, cupido.
ambttsh, insidiae, arma-
tacta.
lie in ambush, insidior.
amend, corrigo, emendo.
amiable, suavis, amabi-
lis.
amid, inter [medius].
amiss, pravus, malus.
take amiss, aegre fero.
among, in, inter [me-
dius].
amount, summa.
ample, amplus, magnus,
spatiosus.
ancestor, avus, proavus,
atavus [imago].
ancestral, avitus, patrius.
ancestry [patres].
anchor, ancora [iacio,
solvo].
ancient, antiquus, vetus,
priscus,vetustus,prior,
qui fuit ante.
anciently, olim, quon-
dam, prius, ante, tern-
pore in antiquo.
VOCABULARY.
and, et, atque, -que.
anew, de novo, ab inte-
gro.
angel, caelestis [genius].
anger, ira, furor, bilis.
angry, iratus.
be angry, succenseo, iras-
cor, stomachor.
anguish, luctus, angor,
dolor.
animal, fera, animal.
ankle [sura], talus.
announce, nuntio.
annoy, vexo, sollicito,
fatlgo, exerceo.
annual, annuus.
annul, deleo, rescindo.
anoint, ungo.
anon, continue [nee
mora].
another, alius, alter [alias,
alibi, alio, aliter].
another's, alienus.
answer, respondeo, re-
fero, do responsa.
anticipate, occupo, prae-
cipio, antevolo.
anvil, incus.
anxiety, cura, an xi etas,
be anxious, laboro.
any, quis, quivis, quis-
quam.
any f ecquis.
anywhere, usquam.
apart, reductus, diversus,
rarus.
apologize, excuso.
apparent, apertus, mani-
festus [species].
apparition, species, simu
lacrum.
appear, videor, appareo,
adsum.
appearance, habitus, vi-
sus, vultus, frons,
species.
appease, placo, mulceo.
appetite, cupido, fames.
i8 5
applaud, plaudo, faveo.
applause, plausus, voces
faventium.
apple, malum.
apply, adhibeo, applico.
apprentice, discipulus,
alumnus.
approach, accedo, pro-
pinguo, aggredior.
approve, pro bo, com-
probo.
apricot [aurea mala,
poma aprica].
April, Aprilis (adj.}.
apt, aptus, idoneus.
arable, arandus [arva].
arbitrary, imperiosus
[sine vindice].
arbour, umbraculum.
arena, arena.
arise, suborior, orior,
subsilio.
arm, bracbium, torus,
lacertus, ulna.
army, exercitus, agmen,
acies [miles, pedesj.
around, circum, undique
[medius, adj.'].
arouse, excito, suscito.
arrange, dispono, con-
stituo, colloco.
array, orno, instruo.
arrest, corripio.
arrive, pervenio, adeo,
adsum.
arrogance, fastus, super-
bia.
arrow, sagitta.
art, ars, dolus, dexteri-
tas.
artful, dolosus, vafer,
callidus.
artillery, tela (n. pi.},
artless, simplex, sine arte.
as, qualiter, sicut, ut,
velut, ceu ; (when) ut,
postquam ; (since}
quod, quum.
i86
VOCABULARY.
ash, fraxinus, ornus.
ashamed, pudibundus.
be ashamed, me pudet,
pudor habet, pudore
afficior.
ashes, cinis.
ask, rogo, flagito, posco,
oro, obsecro.
askance, obliquus.
ass, asinus.
assail, peto, aggredior,
lacesso, irruo.
assembly, coetus, conci-
lium.
assent, annuo.
assert, affirmo. iuro.
assist, iuvo, adsum, fero
opem, auxilior, addo
me socium.
assistance, auxilium, ops,
subsidium, socia arma,
salus, spes.
assuage, mitigo, lenio
[allay]. ^
assume, accipio pro certo.
assure, do fidem.
astonish, stupefacio, ter-
reo.
at, ad, in.
atrocity, scelus, facinus.
(.) impetus.
attempt, tento, experior ;
(n.) periculum, peri-
clum.
attend, do aures ; conies
eo.
attract, prolecto.
attract to oneself, con-
cilio.
augury, augurium.
auspicious, dexter, felix.
avail, prosum, valeo.
avoid, vito, fugio, aufu-
gio.
await, maneo, exspecto.
awake, excitor, exsilio ;
(tr.} excito, exstimulo.
away, absens, e visu.
awe, metus, reverentia.
awkwardly, laeve.
awning, velamen.
axe, securis.
B.
babble, niigae.
babbler, garrulus.
babe, infans.
bachelor, coelebs.
back, tergum, dorsum.
on-back, supinus.
back, (adj.} retro.
backward, (adj.} segnis,
iners.
backdoor, post! cum.
bad, malus, pravus, vi-
tiosus, laevus.
badge, insigne.
baffle, eludo, fallo.
bag [loculus], crumena,
saccus.
baggage, sarcina.
bailiff, villicus.
bait, esca.
bake, coquo.
balminess, alma (. pi.}.
band, turba, mantis, ca-
terva.
bandage, fomentum.
bandit, latro.
bane, pernicies, malum.
baneful, pernicicsus, ma-
lus.
banish, pello, ago, eicio.
be banished, exulo.
banishment, exilium.
bank, rlpa.
banquet, coena, dapes
(pi.},
bar, claudo, obstruo, im-
pedio.
barbarous, barbarus, at-
rox, inhumanus.
bare, nudus ; (v.} de-
tego, nudo.
bargain, pactum.
bark, (v.} latro, latratum
exerceo.
barns, horrea (. pi.}.
barrel, cadus, ddlium.
barren, sterilis.
barricade, obiex, septum.
barrier, claustrum, car-
eer.
barter, muto.
base, turpis. infamis.
bashful, verecundus.
bask, apricor, rapio so-
lem.
bathe, lavor, abluo me.
batter, ferio, percutio.
battle, pugna, certa-
men.
bay, sinus, (tree} laurus.
be, sum, versor.
beach, littus, ora.
beak, rostrum.
beam, trabs, robur, tig-
num, radius iubar.
bear, fero, perfero, gero,
pario ; (n.} urstis.
beast, monstrum.
beat, vinco, supero, ferio,
plango, verbero ;
(v. n.} mlco, palpito.
beautiful, pulcher, for-
mosus, venustas, spe-
ciosus, decSrus.
beauty, decor, gratia, vo-
luptas, decus, venus.
because, quod, quum.
beckon, niito, innuo.
become, fio (fier-), cado,
venio.
bed, thalamus, torus,
lectus, ciibile.
keep-bed, cubo, aegr5to.
bee, apis [examen],
beech, fagus ; (adj.} fagi-
nus.
before, ante, pro, prae,
coram ; (adj.} prior ;
(adv.} ante, prius,
VOCABULARY.
187
olim ; (conj.} ante-
quam.
go fo/ore,praecedo,prae-
gredior [occupo].
beg, oro, obsecro, rogo,
precor.
beget, gigno, genero,
pario.
beggar, mendlcus.
begin, incipio, ordior,
instituo.
beginning, principium,
coeptum.
beguile, fallo, decipio.
behind, pone ; (adj.} pos-
terior.
behold, aspicio, specto.
belief, fides.
believe, credo, confido.
believe-m.e, scilicet.
believing, credulus.
bell, campana.
bellow, mugio.
below, sub, subter, infra ;
(adj.} inferus, inferior.
belt, balteus, z5na.
bend, flecto, curvo.
bended, duplex, recurvus.
bending, flexilis, pronus.
bequeath, lego.
bereave, orbo.
bereft, orbus.
berry, bacca.
beseech, oro, obsecro.
beset, circumsedeo, cir-
cumdo, cingo.
besiege, obsideo, oppug-
no.
besmear, lino.
bes'ow, dono, praebeo.
betray, prodo, trado [ar-
guo].
betroth, spondeo.
between, [in medium] in-
ter.
bewail, ploro, doleo, lu-
geo, lamentor.
beware, caveo, praecaveo.
bewilder, sollicitum, du-
bium reddo.
beyond, ultra, trans, prae-
ter, supra ; (adj.) ul-
terior.
bid, iubeo, impero,
mando, voco.
bier, rogus, feretrum.
big, magnus, amplus,
spatiosus.
talk-big, magna sono.
bile, bilis.
bill, securis.
billhook, falx.
billow, fluctus, aestus.
billowy, undosus.
bind, vincio, ligo, necto.
birch, betula.
bird, avis, ales, volucris.
birdlime, viscum.
give-birth, pario.
bite, mordeo, r5do.
bitter, acerbus, amarus.
blackbird, merula.
black, niger, ater, livi-
dus.
be black, nigro, nigresco.
blade, acies, tonsa.
blame, increpo, culpo,
arguo, increpito; (.)
culpa, crimen.
bland, suavis, blandus.
blast, flatus, flamen.
blaze, exardesco, ardeo.
blear-eyed, lippus.
bleat, balo,
bleed, fundo sanguinem.
blemish, macula, labes.
blend, misceo, coniungo.
bless, "beo, augeo, felicem
reddo.
blessings, fausta (n. />/.) ;
munera (n. pi.},
blight, roblgo.
blind, caecus, oculis cap-
tus.
bliss, dulcedo.
blithe, hilaris.
block, lignum, stipes.
j blockade, (n.} obsidio,
obsidium.
blockway, obsto, obstruo.
blood, sanguis, cruor,
sanies.
bloodhound, molossus.
blood-stained, sangumo-
lentus.
bloom, flos, color.
blossom, fl5res induo,
floreo.
blot, macula, labes ;
(v.) maculo, foedo,
deleo.
blow, spiro, flo, anhelo.
blue, caeruleus, caeralus,
glaucus.
blunder, erro, fallor.
blunt, hebeo, retusus.
blush, rubeo ; (.) rubor.
boar, verres, aper.
board, mensa, tabula ;
(v.) conscendo.
boast, tacto, glorior.
boast oneself, profiteor.
boast not, nego.
boasting, tumidus.
boat, cyaibsi (or any
part}.
body, corpus, caterva.
bog, patus, lama.
boil, ferveo.
boisterous, fervidus.
bold, fortis, audax, acer.
bolt, claustrum.
bond, vinculum, catena.
bondage, servitium.
bondsman, vas (vadis g.},
servus.
lone, os (ossis g.}.
book, liber, libellus,
scrip ta (/>/.).
boon, gratia, munus.
boor, rusticus, agrestis.
booth, taberna.
booty, praeda, spolium.
border, margo, ora, finis ;
i88
VOCABULARY.
(v.) cingo, ambio,
praetexo.
bordering, finitimus, pro-
ximus.
born, natus, satus, editus,
ortus.
borrow, sumo mutuum.
borrowed, mutuus, alie-
nus.
bosom, sinus, gremium.
bo'k, ambo, uterque.
both parties, utrique [ut-
rinque, utrobique].
bottle, amphora, lagena.
bottom, fundus, radix
[imus .
bough, ramus, frons,
brachium.
bound, saltus, finis, meta,
terminus ; (i/.) salio,
prosilio, finio.
be bound, debeo ; obstrin-
gor.
boundless, immensus, sine
fine.
bountiful, benignus, lar-
gus.
bow, arcus; (v.~) nuto,
succumbo, fleeter.
bowels, viscera.
bower, antrum.
bowl, crater.
box-tree, buxus.
box, (v.) pugnis certo.
boy, puer, adolescens
[proles virilis].
bracket, fulcrum.
braid, necto, intexo, im-
plico.
brain, cerebrum.
brake, dumetum.
bramble, rubus, dumus,
vepris.
branch, brachium, ramus
[palmes] .
brand, stipes, nota ; (v.)
noto, uro.
brandish, vibro, corusco.
brass, aes; (adj.} aereus,
aeratus, aeneus.
brave, fortis, impavidus,
audax.
brave-deeds, laudes (/>/.).
bray, rudo.
breach, ruina.
bread, panis.
break, rumpo, dissocio,
pango, violo,
break in, interrumpo.
break - into - light, scin-
tillo.
breast, pectus.
breath, flatus, spiritus.
breathe forth, exspiro.
breathless, anhelus.
breed, stirpes, genus ; (v.)
gigno, genero, sero.
breeze, aura, flamen.
bribe, corrumpo.
bride, sponsa, puella,
nupta.
bridge, pons.
bridle, frenum, habena;
(v.) freno, cohibeo,
coerceo.
brief, brevis, angustus.
brier, dumus, rubus, ve-
pris.
brigade, cohors, turma.
brigand, raptor, latro.
bright, varius, clarus,
lucidus.
brightness, color, splen-
dor, fulgor.
brim, margo, ora; (v.)
[vina corono].
bring, infero, apporto ;
(in), reddo ; (forth),
depromo,educo,pario.
briny, salsus.
brisk, alacer, promptus.
bristle, seta; (v.) horreo.
brittle, fragilis.
broad, latus, amplus.
broil, rixa, iurgium.
bronze, aes.
brood, proles, progenies ;
(over, v.), alo, foveo,
pasco.
brook, rivus, rivulus; (v.)
fero, patior.
broom, genista.
brother, frater, consan-
guineus.
brotherly, fraternus.
brown, fuscus.
bruise, pango, contundo.
bruised, llvidus.
brush, cauda ; (v.~) verro.
brutal, inhumanus.
bucket, urna.
buckler, clypeus, scutum.
bud, gemma, germen.
buffoon, scurra.
bugle, lituus, cornu.
build, condo, aedifico,
struo.
building, casa, tectum.
bull, taurus, iuvencus.
bullet, [glans] massa
plumbea.
bumpkin, rusticus.
bundle, fascis.
burden, sarcina, pondus,
onus; (v.) onero, pre-
mo.
burial, funus, exsequiae.
burn (intr.), flagro, ar-
deo ; (tr.~) uro, cremo.
burst, rumpo, dirumpo.
bury, hvimo, sepelio, tu-
mulo.
burya. way ,defodio,condo .
bush, arbustum, virgul-
tum.
business, res.
bust, imago, cera.
busy, sedulus.
but, at, ast, sed, vero.
but if, sin.
butcher, lanius, carnifex
[macellum].
butler, pr5mus.
buy, emo, mercor.
VOCABULARY.
189
C.
cable, rudens, funis.
caftan, persica vestis.
cage, cavea.
cajole, blandior.
calamity, malum, lues,
pestis.
calendar, fasti.
calf, vitulus, iuvencus.
call, voco, appello, ar-
cesso.
"he-called, audio.
calm, tranquillus, placi-
dus, serenus.
calm, (n.} quies ; (v.}
sedo, placo.
camp, castra (/>/.).
I cm,possum,queo,valeo.
I cannot, nequeo.
cancel, deleo, rescindo.
eat/zW,simplex,candidus.
candle, lucerna.
cannon, [tonnentum.]
canopy, velamen.
canvas, carbasus.
cap, mitra, pileolus.
caprice, libido, levitas.
captain, dux, praefectus.
be captain, praesum.
car, currus.
care, cura.
care for euro, moror.
careful, anxius, sollici-
tus, providus.
careless, immemor, neg-
ligens.
caresses, [insidiae] blan-
ditiae, oscula.
carnage, caedes, strages.
carp at, r5do, detrecto,
carpo.
carpet, tapes.
carriage, currus, rheda,
plaustrum.
carry, veho, fero, porto.
carry off, perimo, adimo.
cart, plaustrum.
carMogether, convecto.
carve, sculpo, coelo.
cask, d5lium, testa, cadus.
cast, iacio, proicio, tor-
queo, iacto.
castle, arx, castellum.
cat, felis.
catch, capio, excipio.
cattle, boves, pecus, ar-
menta (pi.}.
cavalier, eques.
cavalry, eques.
cave, antrum, spelunca.
cause, efficio.
caw, crocito.
cease, cesso, cado, de-
sino ; (imp.} parce.
cedar, cedrus.
cede, cedo, dedo.
celebrate, celebro, laudo,
effero.
celebrated, clarus, prae-
clarus [ille].
cell, cella.
censure, (v.} noto.
certain, certus, quidam.
chafe, incendo, irrito; (.)
aestuo.
chaff, palea.
chain, catena, vinculum,
compes ; (v.) vincio.
chalk, creta.
challenge, voco, provoco.
chamber, conclave, tha-
lamus.
chance, casus, fors.
change, (i/.) vario vices ;
(v. tr.} muto, verto.
changes, vices, nulla
quies.
channel, alveus.
chant, melos.
chapel, sacellum.
chappy, rugosus.
charge, ruo, incurro, vo-
lito.
charger, currus, sompes ;
(a dish} lanx.
charm, gratia, carmen;
(v.} allicio, fascino.
charming, amoenus.
chase, venatus, praeda ;
(v.} fatigo, sequor y
vexo.
chaste, castus, pudicus.
cheap, vilis.
cheat, fallo, decipio,-
fraudo.
check, impedio, premo.
cheek, gena, mala.
cheer, voces faventes,
clamor secundus.
cheerful, hilaris.
cherish, foveo, alo.
cherry, cerasus.
chesnut, castanea.
chest, area, cista.
chew, mando.
chicken, altilis, pullus.
chide, increpo, increpito.
chief, prior, princeps.
child, infans.
childless, orbus.
chill, frigus.
chime, sono.
chin, mentum.
Chinese, sericus.
chink, rima.
chirp, garrio.
chivalry, virtus [delecti
heroes].
choice, eximius [flos].
choir, chorus.
choke, ango.
choose, lego, eligo.
church, aedes [sacra, />/.].
churlish, rusticus, sordi-
dus.
cinder, cinis, favilla.
circle, circumeo, cingo ;
(v.} orbis, gyrus, co-
rona.
circumstance, res.
citadel, arx.
cite, voco, laudo.
citizen, civis.
190
VOCABULARY.
city, urbs.
civilize, colo, emollio.
not civilized, barbarus,
ferus.
claim, posco, assero, vin-
dico.
claimant, petitor.
clamber, scando.
clammy, lentus.
clamour, clamor, strepi-
tus.
clan, gens, tribus.
clank, strideo.
clap, plaudo; (.) plau-
sus.
clarion, lituus, cornu.
clash, coeo, collldo.
clasp, prehendo, amplec-
tor.
claw, unguis.
e/ay,argilla, hi turn ; (adj.}
fictilis.
clean, mundus, punas,
nitidus ; (v.) detergo,
purgo.
cleanly simplicity, mun-
ditiae (pi.),
clear, liquidus, splendi-
dus, clams, serenus ;
(v.) purgo.
cleave, findo, transadigo,
seco ; (to), haereo, ad-
haereo.
cleft, rima.
clement, clemens, lenis.
clerk, scriba.
clever, dexter, sellers,
callidus.
client, cliens.
cliff", rupes, saxum, sco-
pulus.
climate, coelum.
cling to, adhaereo.
clip, tondeo, praecido.
cloak, (v.) velo, tego,
dissimulo ; abolla,
palla, lacerna.
cloak of war, sagum.
clod, gleba.
close, claudo, concludo.
to closequarters, cominus;
(adv.) close by, pro-
pinquus; (adj.) pro-
pior.
clothes, [sinus] vestis,
amictus.
cloud, nubes, nubila,
(pi.) nebula.
cloudy, nimbosus.
clover, medica, cytisus.
club, clava, fustis.
cine, indicium.
clumsy, rudis.
cluster, racemus.
clutch, inicio manus; pre-
hendo.
coach, currus, rheda.
coast, plaga, ora, littus.
coat, tunica, vestis.
coax, blandior.
cobweb, tela, aranea.
cock, gallus.
coeval, aequalis.
coin, nummus, aes, stips,
moneta.
cold, frigus. frigora (pi.) ;
(adj.) frigidus, geli-
dus.
be cold, frigeo, algeo.
colleague, collega.
collect, colligo, cogo,
confero.
in collision with, collisus.
colour, color.
of same colour as, con-
color.
colours, signa.
column, agmen.
comb, depecto, pecto ;
(n.) pecten, (of honey)
favus.
combat, pugno resisto ;
(.) pugna, certamen.
come, venio, progredior,
accedo.
come, age ; (out) exeo.
come up, subsum.
comfort, solor, foveo, re-
creo.
command, imperium,
ditio, iussum ; (v.)
praesum, iubeo, im-
pero.
commander, dux, prae-
fectus.
commence, incipio.
commerce, merx.
commission, mandatum.
commotion, tumultus,
m5tus.
companion, socius, c5-
mes, sodalis.
companions, comes, so-
dalis.
in company, comes.
compare, compare, con-
fero.
compass, circumeo,cingo,
lustro.
compel, cogo, subigo.
complain, queror, con-
queror.
complaining, querulus,
queribundus.
complaint, querella, ques-
tus, morbus.
complete, integer, iustus.
complexion, color.
compliance, obsequium.
compliant, facilis.
comply, obsequor.
compose, condo, fingo,
placo.
compress, comprimo.
comprise, contineo.
comrade, socius, con-
sors.
concave, concavus.
conceal, celo, abdo, cor-
do, dissimulo.
be concealed, delitesco,
latito, lateo.
concealment, latebrae.
concede, cedo, concede.
VOCABULARY.
conceive, concipio, fingo.
concert, consensus.
conciliate, concilio.
conclude, perficio.
concoct, coquo, conflo.
concord, concordia, con-
sensus,
in concord, (adj.} con-
cors.
concourse, concursus.
condemn, damno, con-
demno.
condescend, dignor.
condition, conditio, sors.
conduct, mores (pi.}, ra ~
tio ; (v.} duco, mitto.
confer, conferb, tribuo.
conference, congressus,
colloquium.
confess, fateor, confiteor.
confide, fido, credo,
committo.
confidence, fides, fiducia.
confident, fidens animi,
fortis, audax.
confidential, intnnus.
confine, termino, claudo,
teneo.
confinement, career, vin-
cula (/>/.).
confiscate, publico.
conflict, pugna, certa-
men ; (v.) pugno, con-
fligo.
confound, confundo,
misceo, turbo.
confusion, res trepidae.
congratulate, gratulor.
conjure, obtestor ; canto.
connect, iungo, necto.
connected, afrmis.
conquer, d5mo, vinco,
supero, subigo, de-
bello.
conqueror, victor, vic-
trix, domitor, domi-
trix.
conscious, conscius.
consecrate, consecro,
dico, voveo.
consent, consentio, annuo.
consider, duco, habeo,
aestimo, piito.
consist of, consto ex,
consisto in.
be consistent, cohaereo.
consistent, constans.
console, s5lor.
conspire, coniuro.
constant, constans, fir-
mus, fidelis.
consternation, pavor, ter-
ror [trepidus].
constrain, cogo.
consult, consulo.
consume, consume, ab-
sumo.
contact, tactus.
contain, capio, teneo,
contineo.
contaminate, polluo, ma-
culo, foedo.
contamination, labes, ma-
cula.
contemn, sperno, despi-
cio, contemno.
contempt, contemptus,
fastidium.
contemptible, vilis, despi-
ciendus.
contend, contendo, certo.
contest, lis, certamen.
continually, crebro,saepe.
continue, per go, duco,
non desisto.
contract, praetum ; (v.)
minuo, contraho, sus-
cipio ; loco, redimo.
contractor, redemptor.
contrary, contrarius, op-
positus, adversus.
contribute, confero.
contrive, molior, struo,
invenio.
control, rego, moderor,
coerceo.
controvert, nego.
contumacious, improbus.
convenient, commodus.
converse, colloquor.
convey, fero, veho, mitto.
convict, convince, dam-
no ; (.) reus.
convince, doceo, per-
suadeo.
convincing, gravis, ma-
nifestus.
convulsive, subitus.
coo, gemo.
cook, coquus; (v.) co-
quo, concoquo.
cool, frigus.
coop, claudo.
coot, fiilica.
copious, uber, felix.
copper, aes, aera (pi.},
copy, exemplum ; (s.)
imitor, fingo.
cord, funis.
cork, cortex, suber.
cormorant, mergus.
corn, farra ; (pi. ) spica,
arista, ceres.
corner, sinus, angulus,
recessus.
corpse, cadaver.
correct, corrigo, cas-
tigo.
correspond, ultro citro-
que verba habeo.
corridor, porticus.
corrupt, vitio, corrumpo,
perdo.
cost, pretium, sumptus,
impensor ; (v.} sto,
consto.
costly, pretiosus, casus.
cottage, casa.
conch, torus, cublle, lec-
tus, stratum.
cough, tussis.
council, concilium.
counsel, consilium.
counsellor, auctor.
192
VOCABULARY.
count, annumero, recen
seo, habeo ; (.) co-
mes.
countenance, vultus, OS,
facies, frons.
counterfeit, simulo.
countless, non numeran-
dus, sine fine.
country, (.) ager, rns,
patria ; (adj.} rusticus,
agrestis.
county, comes.
couple, par, iugum, bini.
courage, virtus, animus.
course, cursus, iter, via.
court, aula, area.
courtiers, cohors.
courtesy, officia ; (pi.}
hospitium.
covering, tunica.
covert, latebrae, lustra ;
(n. pi.} thalamus.
cow, vacca, bos; (v.}
teneo.
coward, ignavus, timi-
dus.
crack, discutio ; (.)
rima.
cradle, cunae, cubile.
craft, ars, dolus.
crafty, vafer, callidus.
crag, rupes, saxum.
crane, grus.
crash, fragor; (v.) crepo,
crepito.
crave, oro.
craven, pravus.
crazy, amens.
creak, crepo, strideo.
creaking, stridulus.
crease, ruga.
create, creo, facio.
credit, fides.
credulous, credulus.
creek, sinus, mare re-
fusum.
creep along, insinuo me.
creeping, repo.
crescent, signa, (pi.} [lu-
natus].
crest, iuba, insigne,
crista.
crevice, rima, hiatus.
crew, socii, grex.
crime, facinus, nefas.
crimson, purpiireus.
crisis, discrimen.
critic, censor, corrector.
croak, queror, crocito.
crook, pedum.
crooked, curvus,aduncus.
crop, seges, messis ; (v.)
carpo, tondeo.
cross, transeo, traicio ;
(.) crux ; (adj.) mo-
lestus, difficilis.
crow, comix; (t/.) cano,
triumpho.
crowd, turba, corona ;
to, concelebro.
crowded, frequens.
crowing, carmen.
crown, diadema ; (leaves')
corona.
cruel, crudelis, ferus,
durus.
cruise, navigo.
crumb, mica.
crush, gravo, conficio,
contero.
crust, frustrum, crusta.
crutch, baculum.
cry, qiierella, fletus, ul-
ulatus; (v.)clamo,fleo,
lacrymo.
cuckoo, cucullus.
cuff", manica.
cull, carpo, decerpo.
cultivate, colo, sero.
cunning, callidus, vafer,
peritus.
cup, poculum, calix, pa-
tera.
curb, frenum ; (y.} freno,
cohibeo.
curds, coagula.
cure, sano, medeor ; (.)
medicina.
curse, furiae, dira, nii-
mina, paena.
curtain, aulaeum, velum.
cushion. Use torus.
custom, mos, usus.
cut, seco, caedo, reseco.
cypress, cupressus, cypa-
rissus.
daffodil, narcissus.
dagger, culter, sica.
daily, in dies.
daisy, bellis.
dale, vallis.
dally, moror, ctmctor.
damage, damnum, ma-
lum.
damp, madidus, hfuni-
dus.
damsel, puella, virgo.
dance, chorea, chorus ;
(v.} salto, exerceo
chorum.
danger, periclum, dis-
crimen.
dapple, (v.} vario, dis-
tinguo.
dare, audeo, opto.
dark, obscurus, fuscus,
caecus.
darken, nigro.
darnel, lolium.
dart, iaculum, spiculum,
telum ; (v.} proicio,
iacto, exsilio.
dash against, incido,
offendo ; (.) impetus.
daughter, filia, nata.
dauntless, impavidus, in-
territus.
dawn, crepuscula (n.pl.},
orta dies.
day, dies, lux; (adj.)
diurnus.
VOCABULARY.
193
dazzle, perstringo.
dead, functus, mortuus,
exanimis.
deadly, crudelis, fatalis,
dirus.
deaf, surdus.
deal, abies ; (arf/.) abieg-
nus.
dear, carus, pretiosus.
dearth, inopia.
death, libitlna, funus,
nex.
debase, dedecoro, cor-
rumpo.
decay, marceo. dissolvor.
deceit, fraus, dolus.
deceive, fallo, decipio.
decent, decens, decorus.
decide, statuo, consti-
tuo.
decider, arbiter.
deck, puppis [transtra,
fori] ; (v.) orno.
declare, affirmo, arguo,
profiteer.
decorate, decoro, orno.
decree, censeo, edico.
dedicate, sacro, dedico. ^
deduct, tollo, demo,
adimo.
deed, factum, facinus.
deep, altus, profundus,
gravis.
deer, cervus, cerva,
dama.
defame, detrecto.
defeat, vinco, fundo,
supero ; (n.) clades.
defence, praesidium.
defenceless, nudus.
defend, tueor.
defer, differo, protraho.
defile, maculo, inquino;
(.) fauces.
define, describo.
deformed, informis.
defraud, fraudo.
defy, provoco, lacesso.
degrade, moveo loco,
maculo.
degree, gradus, locus,
by degrees., sensim, pau-
latim.
deign, dignor.
delay, moror, remoror ;
(n.) mora.
deliberate, meditor, con-
sulo.
delicate, tener, mollis,
gracilis.
delight, delecto, iuvo ;
(n.) voluptas, laetitia.
deliver, libero, solvo,
vindico.
delude, ludo, decipio.
deluge, inundo, obruo ;
(.) diluvium.
demand, posco, postulo,
flagito.
demolish, everto, diruo.
den, antrum, specus,
latebrae.
deny, nego, infitior,
renuo.
depart, discedo, abeo,
digredior.
dependent, cliens.
deplore, ploro, lugeo,
doleo, queror.
depopulate, populor,
vasto.
deposit, pignus.
depreciate, elevo, premo.
deprive, prlvo, spolio,
orbo.
depute, lego.
deride, rideo.
derive, capio, duco, per-
cipio. .
descend, descendo, cado,
defluo.
descendants, posteritas,
n^potes.
describe, narro, pingo.
desecrate, profano, violo,
polluo.
desert, desero, linquo,
destituo, transfugio ;
(.) desertum ; (merit}
meritum.
deserter, transfuga.
deserve, mereor.
deserved, dignus.
design, fingo, statuo,
volo; (w.)propositum,
consilium.
desire, cupido, votum.
desirous, cupidus, avidus.
desist, desisto, omitto.
desk, scrinium.
desolate, solus, vastus.
despair, spes falsa ; (v.)
despero.
despatch, mature, mitto,
(.) nuntius.
despise, sperno, contemno,
fastidio.
despot, tyrannus.
dessert, poma, mensa
secunda.
destiny, fatum, sors.
destitute, inops, expers,
orbus.
destroy, perdo, deleo,
diruo.
destruction, ruina.
destructive, exitiosus.
detain, teneo, moror,
capto.
deter, deterreo.
determined, certus, con-
stans.
I am determined, certum
est.
detract, elevo, minuo,
detraho.
detriment, noxa, dam-
num.
device, signum, insigne.
devil, scabies.
devious, devius.
devise, molior, reperio.
devoid, expers, vacuus.
devote, dedico, consecro.
194
devoted, addictus, de-
ditus.
devour, voro, consume.
dew, ros.
diamond, adamas.
dice, alea.
die, occido, pereo, de-
pereo, obeo, emorior.
diet, cibus.
differ, discrepo, dis-
sentio.
different, dispar, dissimi-
lis.
difficult, gravis, difficilis.
dig, fodio.
dignify, augeo, honoro.
dignity, honor, splen-
dor.
dilate, pateo, distendor.
dim, sublustris, hebes.
diminish, minuo, dimi-
nuo, extenuo.
din, sonus, fragor ; (i/.)
obtundo.
dine, prandeo, coeno.
dinner, coena.
dip, merge, imbuo.
dire, dirus, atrox, hor-
rendus.
direct, dirigo, rego, duco.
directly, continue.
dirge, naenia.
dirt, sordes ; (pi.} lutum,
squalor.
dirty, sordidus, immun-
dus.
be dir.y, sordeo, squaleo.
disable, frango.
disaffected [non suus,
alius].
disagree, dissideo.
disagreeable, molestus.
disallow, improbo.
disappear, depereo, eva-
nesco.
disappoint, fallo, frustror.
disastrous, infelix.
disband, dimitto.
VOCABULARY.
discern, video, cerno, in-
telligo.
discharge, fungor, obeo,
praesto.
disciple, discipulus.
disclose, retego, promo,
prodo, indico.
discoloured, discolor.
discomfort, illuvies.
discontent, dolor, invidia.
discontinue, cesso, inter-
mitto.
discord, discord ia.
discordant, discors, dis-
sonus.
discover, invenio, reperio.
discourage, dissuadeo.
discourse, loquor, dis-
sero.
discredit, dedecus, in-
famia, labes.
discreet, prudens, cautus.
disdain, fastum, fas-
tidium.
disease, morbus.
be diseased, aegroto.
disembark, expono ; egre-
dior, escendo.
disengage, 'disiungo,
solve, expedio.
disfavour, offensa, in-
vidia.
disgorge, evomo, influo.
disgrace, dedecus.
disguise, celo, tego, dis-
simulo.
disgust, fastldia (. pi.) ;
(v.) offend o.
dish, lanx, esca posita.
dishearten, debilito, af-
fligo.
dishevelled, passus, so-
lutus.
dishonest, iniquus, im-
probus.
dishonour, dedecus, in-
famia ; (v.) dedecoro,
noto.
disjoin, dissocio, dis-
solve.
dislike, aversor, abhor-
reo.
dislodge, expello, de-
turbo.
dismal, flebilis, tristis.
dismay, terreo.
dismiss, mitto.
disobey, iussa recuso.
dif oblige, vexo.
disown, respuo.
disparage, elevo, de-
trecto, extenuo.
dispel, pello, dissipo,
fugo.
dispense, distribuo.
disperse, dissipo, pro-
fundo, dilabor.
displace, moveo.
display, exhibeo, os-
tendo.
displease, displiceo.
dispose, colloco, dis-
pono.
disprove, refello.
dispute, lis.
disquiet, sollicito, turbo.
disregard, negligo, omit-
to.
dissatisfied, aeger animi.
dissever, disiungo.
dissipate, dissipo, disicio.
dissolve, solvo, resolvo,
dirimo.
distaff, colus.
distant, longinquus, dis-
tans, remotus.
distinct, diversus, dis-
similis.
distinction, discrimen.
distinguish, distinguo,
secern o.
distinguished, egregius,
insignis.
distort, torqueo.
distress, dolor, tristitia,
aerumna.
VOCABULARY.
195
district, regio, ager.
distrust, falsa fides.
ditch, fossa.
diver, mergus.
divert, verto, derivo.
divest, nudo, exuo.
divide, divide.
divine, divus, divinus,
caelestis.
do, facio. ago, struo.
doctor, medicus, peritus.
doe, cerva, dama.
dog, canis, catulus; (v.}
sequor.
dome, tholus.
doom, damno, con-
demno ; (.) fatum,
iudicium.
doting, amans.
double, duplex [bini] ;
(v.} diiplico, inge-
mino.
doubt, dubito, fluctuo ;
(.) fides, incerta.
doubtful, anceps, dubius.
dove, columba,palumbes.
dower, dos.
down, lanugo, pluma.
downfall, casus, ruina.
downhill, declivis, pro-
nus, praeceps.
drag, traho, rapio.
dragon, draco.
drain, fossa.
drape, velo, decoro.
draught, potus, haustus.
draw, diico, traho, veho ;
promo ; nudo.
dream, somnium, in-
somnium.
dregs, faex.
drench, immergo.
dress, vestis, amictus.
~be-dressed-up, niteo.
dried, precius.
drift, agor, compellor.
drill, exerceo ; (.) tere-
bra.
drink, bibo, poto.
drink in, haurio.
drip, stillo, mano.
dripping, madidus.
drive, ago, cogo, prae-
cipito, urgeo.
driver, rector.
droop, langueo.
drop, (.) gutta, stilla ;
langueo, stillo ; (tr.~)
deicio, mitto.
drop for, praeripio.
drowsy, languidus.
drudge, servus.
drum, tympanum.
drunli, ebrius.
dry, siccus, aridus [areo];
(v.) sicco, abstergeo.
duck, anas.
due, debitus.
duke, dux.
dull, stolidus, iners, ig-
navus.
duly, rite.
dungeon, career [vincla,
pi.},
during, per, in, inter,
simple ace.
dusk, crepuscula (/>/.).
rfws/-begrimed, squalens.
dusty, pulverulentus.
dutiful, pius, officiosus.
duty, munus, officium.
dwell, habito, colo.
E.
each, singuli, quisque,
uterque
eager, furiosus, aeger,
dims, ardeus.
eagle, aquila,
ear, auris.
ear of corn, arista, spica.
early, mane; (adj.) ma-
tutinus.
earn, mereor, percipio.
earnest, strenuus, vehe-
mens, impiger.
earth, terra, tellus, solum,
humus.
earthborn, terrigena.
earthquake, terrae mo-
tus.
earthwork, agger.
ease, otium, quies ; (v.)
levo, lenio, mitigo.
at ease, lentus.
eat, edo, pascor, con-
sumo.
ebb, cado, refluo.
echo, echo, imago.
eclipse, defectus.
ecstasy, furor.
eddy, vortex, gurges.
edge, acies ; margo, ora ;
(i/.) acuo.
educate, instituo, ediico,
doceo.
efface, deleo, interline.
effeminate, mollis, im-
bellis.
effort, molimen, nisus.
egg, ovum ; (v.} incite,
impello.
egress, exitus, 'egressus.
eject, expello, emitto.
either, vel, aut.
elated, elatus, sublatus.
elbow, cubitus.
elder, senior, maior.
elegance, decor, cultus.
elephant, elephas, ele-
phant us.
elevate, tollo, erigo,
augeo.
elves, lemures.
elm, ulmus.
else, alius, aliter.
elude, effugio, eludo.
elysian, elysius.
emancipate, libero, solvo.
embark, impono, con-
scendo.
embarrass, impedio, sol-
licito.
embellish, orno, decoro.
196
VOCABULARY.
emblem, signum, in-
dicium.
emboss, caelo.
embrace, complexus ; (v.)
amplector, complector.
embroider, pingo.
emerald, smaragdus.
emerge, emerge, exeo.
emit, mitto, effundo.
emperor, princeps [rex].
empire, regnum, impe-
rium.
employ, utor, adhibeo.
empty, inanis, vacuus ;
(y.) exhamio.
emulous, aemulus.
enable, do.
enact, edico, statuo.
encamp, habeo castra.
enchant, delecto, fascino.
enchantment, deliciae,
illecebrse, cantus.
encircle, cingo, ambio.
enclose, claudo, sepio.
encounter, occurro.
encourage, hortor, con-
firmo.
end, finis, exitus, meta ;
(v. intr.), deficio.
endeavour, Conor, tento.
endless, proprius, peren-
nis, sine fine.
endure, fero, patior, to-
lero.
enemy, hostis, inimicus.
energy, vis, impetus.
enfeeble, debilito.
enfold, implico.
engage, consero mannm,
congredior.
engagement, fides, pro-
missum.
engine, machina.
enjoy, utor, fruor.
enlarge, augeo.
enlist, conscribo, cogo.
enlistment, delectus.
enmity, odium, simultas.
ennoble, lustro.
enough, sat, satis.
enrage, accendo, incendo.
enrich, dito, opibus au-
geo.
ensign, vexillum, signum,
insigne.
ensnare, rapto, irretio.
entangle, implico, im-
pedio.
enter, subeo, intro, in-
gredior.
enter in a book, refero,
inscribo.
enterprise, coeptum, co-
natus.
entertain, excipio.
entice, elicio, allicio, pro-
lecto.
entire, integer.
entirely, penitus.
entrails, viscera.
entrance, introitus.
entranced, attonitus.
entreat, oro, precor, ob-
testor.
entreaty, preces (pi.),
entrust, credo, committo.
entwine, necto, implico,
immisceo.
envelope, tabulae ; (v)
tego, obvolvo.
envious, lividus, invidio-
sus.
envy, invidia, livor ; (v.)
in video.
epitaph, sermo, carmen.
equal, par, aequus; (v.)
aequo, adaequo.
equally, pariter, iuxta.
equip, instruo,omo,paro.
erase, deleo, elno, lino.
erasure, litura.
ere, antequamj
erect, erigo, struo ; (adj.}
rectus.
err, erro, pecco.
erst, olim, quondam.
escape, fugio, effugio ;
(w.) fuga, effugium.
escape notice, fallo.
eschew, vito, abhorreo ab.
escort, comitor, mitto.
espouse (wife), duco ;
(husband] nubo.
espy, speculor.
established, ratus.
esteem, colo, revereor ;
(.) honor, reverentia,
cura.
eternal, aetemus, peren-
nis, perpetuus.
even, (adj.) aequus, par,
planus ; (v.} aequo,
adaequo ; vel, ipse,
etiam.
evening, (adj.) vesperti-
nus ; (.) vesper.
event, casus.
ever, usque, semper ; un-
quam.
every, quilibet, quivis,
omnis.
everywhere, undique, pas-
sim, ubique.
evict, expello.
evident, manifestus.
evil, malus, improbus.
ewe, ovis, bidens.
exact, exigo.
exalt, erigo, tollo, augeo.
example, exemplum [auc-
tor].
exceed, supero. excedo.
excel, praesto, excello,
supero.
except, excipio ; (adv.)
nisi, ni ; ($rep.) prae-
ter.
excessive, nimius.
exchange, muto.
excite, suscito, moveo,
stimulo.
exclude, eximo, exclude.
excuse, venia [defendo].
execute } perficio, perago.
VOCABULARY.
197
exempt, immunis, liber,
vacuus.
exercise, exerceo.
exert, nitor, contendo,
laboro.
exhale, exhalo, spiro.
exhaust, haurio, absumo,
contero.
be exhausted, deficio.
exhibit, ostendo, aperio.
exhort, hortor, suadeo.
exile, exilium, exul ; (v.)
expello, pello.
exist f sum, existo, versor.
exit, exitus, egressus.
expand, pandor, patesco.
expect, spero, expecto.
expel, eicio, pello, ex-
pello, exigo.
expend, in sumo, ex-
pendo.
expense, sumptus, im-
pensa, pretium.
experience, usus.
expiate, pio, expio, luo.
expire, pereo, intereo,
morior.
explain, explico.
exploit, factum, facinus,
res gesta.
expose, expono, propono.
exposed, obnoxius.
expounder, interpres.
express, exprimo, de-
claro.
expunge, deleo, tollo.
ex'.end, extendo.
extensive, vastus, amplus,
spatiosus.
extenuate, elevo, extenuo.
exterior, externus, ex-
terior.
exterminate, extinguo,
deleo.
extinguish, extinguo.
extol, effero, celebro,
laudo.
extort, extorqueo.
extract, extraho.
extravagant, prodigus,
effusus, profusus.
extreme, extremus, ulti-
mus, summus.
exult, exulto, gestio,
triumpho.
eye, oculus, lumen. Do
not use ocellus.
eyebrow, supercilium.
fable, fabula.
fabulous, fictus, falsus.
face, os, facies, vultus,
frons; (y.) adverse ore
figo.
on-our-faces, proni.
facetious, facetus, lepi-
dus, festivus.
facing, oppositus, adver-
sus, contrarius.
fade, marcesco, sordeo,
pereo.
fading, marcidus, cadu-
cus.
faggot, fascis.
fail, deficio, desum.
failing, culpa.
faint, debilis, fractus.
fair, condidus, niveus ;
venustus, conspicien-
dus ; aequus, iustus.
faith, fides.
faithful, fidus, fidelis.
faithless, fallax, perfidus.
falchion, ensis.
falcon, accipiter.
fall, cado, recido, decido,
ruo ; (.) casus, lap-
sus, ruina.
false, falsus, fictus, do-
losus, mendax.
falter, haesito.
fame, fama, gloria.
familiar, notus.
family, domus, stirps,
genus.
famine, fames.
famous, insignis, incly tus,
nobilis.
fan, ventilo.
fancy, puto ; (adj.') ex-
cultus ; (.) amor.
far, procul, longe.
yhr-away, remotus.
say-farewell-to, saluto,
valedico.
farm, fundus, ager ; (v.)
colo.
fashion, mos ; figura.
fasten, f igo, ligo, vincio.
fat, uber, pinguis, opi-
mus.
fatal, letifer, fatalis, exi-
tiosus.
fate, fatum, sors [par-
cae].
fated, fatalis.
father, pater, parens,
genitor.
fatherly, paternus, pa-
trius.
father-in-law, socer.
fatigue, exerceo, fatigo,
lasso ; (.) labor, tae-
dia (/>/.).
fault, culpa, vitium.
favour, faveo ; (.) gra-
tia, favor.
fawn, hinnulus, hinnu-
leus.
fear, metus, pavor.
fearless, impavidus, in-
territus.
feast, epulae, dapes, con-
vivium ; (*/.) epulor,
coeno.
feather, penna (long) ;
pluma (short},
fee, merces, munus, pre-
tium.
feed, edo, pascor.
feel, sentio, percipio.
198
VOCABULARY.
feign, fingo, simulo, dis-
simulo.
fell, (v.) sterno, deicio,
caedo ; teter.
fen, palus.
fence, septa (n.pl.), sepes,
vallum ; (v.) sepio.
fern, filix.
fertile, fertilis, ferax, lae-
tns.
fetch, arcesso, quaero.
fetter, vinclum, compes,
catena.
few, pauci.
how few, quot [quotus].
fickle, levis, varius, in-
certus.
field, campus, satum,
ager.
fierce, ferox, saevus.
fiery, igneus.
fife, fistula.
fig, ficus.
fight, pugno, confligo ;
(n.) pugna, certamen.
figure, forma, figura,
species.
filbert, nux.
file, lima; (v.) limo.
fill, compleo, repleo.
fillet, vitta, infula, taenia.
filth, sordes.
filthy, sordidus, obscoe-
nus.
finch, acanthis.
find, invenio, reperio.
fine, tenuis, gracilis ;
splendidus ; (v.) mule-
to.
finger, digitus.
finish, exigo, finio, pera-
go-
fin, abies ; (gen.} abietis,
pmus ; (adj.) abieg-
nus, pineus.
fire, ignis, flamma ; (v.)
incendo, uro [flagro],
firebrand, fax.
fireless, extinctus.
fireplace, focus.
firm, firmus, stabilis.
first, prior, primus.
fish, piscis.
fisherman, piscator.
fissure, rima.
fist, pugnus.
fif, aptus, idoneus.
fit-for-much, utilis.
fix, figo, defigo.
flag, langueo, remitto ;
signum, insigne, vex-
illum.
fiagon, amphora, lagena
flame, flamma.
flank, latus, cornu.
flash, scintillula, splen-
dor; (i/.) corusco.
flat, aequus, planus.
flatter, assentor.
flaunt, iacto ; superbio.
flavour, sapor.
flaw, vitium.
flax, linum.
flaxen, flavus.
flee, fugio, aufugio.
fleece, vellus.
fleet, classis ; (adj.} celer,
rapidus, velox.
fles'h, caro.
flicker, mico, corusco.
flight, fuga ; volatus.
flinch, detrecto.
fling, iacio, torqueo,
proicio.
be flung, iaceo, cado.
flint, silex.
float, nato.
flocli, grex, pecus, turba.
flog, verbero.
flood, diluvies ; (v.) in-
undo.
floor, tabulata (pi.),
flop, resido.
flounder, titubo, vacillo.
flourish, vigeo, floreo,
vireo.
flow, fluo, labor, mano,
fundor.
flower, flos ; (v.) floreo,
induo in florem.
flush, rubor.
flute, tibia, arundo, fi-
stula, avena, calamus,
buxus.
flutter, volito ; trepido,
vibro.
fly, diffugio, volo, vo-
lito ; (.) musca.
fly hea\dly, connitor.
foam, spuma; (v.) sp^mo,
caneo.
fodder, pabula (/>/.).
foe, hostis, inimicus.
fog, nebula.
foil, ludo, eludo, fallo.
fold , sinus, septum ,
ovile ; (v.) plico,
claudo.
foliage, frons, comae
(pi.).
follow, insto, insequor.
as follows, talia.
folly, dementia.
foment, foveo, accendo.
fomentation, fomenta
(pi.).
fondle, blandior.
food, cibus, alimenta (n.
pi.).
fool, stultus, ineptus.
foot, pes, planta.
footstep, vestigium.
for, (prep.) pro, ad.
forbear, desino, parco.
forbid, prohibeo, veto.
force, c5go, rumpo, ex-
torqueo ; (n. ) vis, vio-
lentia, robur.
ford, vadum.
forebode, portendo, sig-
nifico.
forefathers, avi, maiores,
patres.
foreign, peregrinus, ex-
VOCABULARY.
199
ternus, alienus [ad-
vena, hospes].
foresee, auguror, pros-
picio.
foresight, consilium, pra-
dentia.
forest, silva, saltus, ne-
mus.
foretell, praedico, vati-
cinor.
forewarn, praemoneo.
forge, excudo, fabrico.
forget, obliviscor, perdo,
mitto.
be forgotten, pereo.
forgetful, immemor, ob-
litus.
forgive, ignosco.
fork, furca.
form, forma, figura, spe-
cies ; (of a hare) fovea.
formerly, quondam, olim,
ante, prius.
forsake, desero, linguo.
forsooth, scilicet.
fort, castrum, arx.
fortify, munio.
fortunate, felix, faustus,
secundum, prosper.
fortune, fortuna, sors,
fatum.
forward, protinus, ante.
foster, alo, foveo.
foul, horriduSjimmundus,
turpis.
found, condo, fundo.
founder, conditor, funda-
tor.
fountain, fons.
fowl, avis, volucris, ales.
fowler, auceps.
fox, vulpes.
fox- glove, baccar.
fragment, fragmen.
fragrance, odor, nares.
fragrant, odorus, fra-
grans.
frail, infirmus.
frame, struo, compono,
fingo.
France, Gallia.
/ra,candidus, simplex.
frankincense, thus.
frantic, demens, furiosus.
fraternal, fraternus.
fraud, fraus.
free, expers, solutus,
liber, vacuus.
give freedom to, dimitto,
solvo, libero.
freeborn, ingenuus.
freeze, astringo, gelo ;
dirigesco.
freight, onus.
Frenchman, Gallus,
(adj.} Gallicus.
frenzy, dementia, in-
sania.
/ryen/,assiduus; creber,
frequens ; (v.} fre-
quento, celebro.
fresh, novus, integer
[vireo].
freshen, renovo.
fret, sollicito, turbo.
fretted-ioof, lacunar.
friend, amicus.
friendless, solus [inops].
fright, timor, terror.
frighten, terrifico, terreo.
fringe, praetexo.
frisk, exsulto, lascivio.
frith, fretum.
frog, rana.
frolic, iocus.
from, ab, ex, de.
front, frons [ad versus].
frontier, finis.
frost, gelu, pruina.
frosty, gelidus.
froth, spuma.
frown, frons contractus.
frugal, parcus.
fruit, fructus, poma (pi.} ;
(of earth), fruges.
fruitful, ferax, laetus.
fruitless, vanus, irritus.
fuel, fomes ; ligna (pi.},
fugitive, refugus.
fulfil, perficio, absolvo.
full, plenus, frequens.
fully, bene.
fund, cumulus, gaza.
funeral, funus,exsequiae ;
(adj.}, exsequialis, fu-
nestus.
funeral pile, rogus, pyra.
funny, ludicrus, ridicu-
lus.
furies, dirae (pi.},
furl, contraho, lego.
further, ulterior.
fury, bilis, furor.
G.
gabbling, garrulus.
gadfly, asilus.
gage,pignus; (v.} spon-
deo.
gain, quaestus, lucrum ;
(v.} lucror, percipio,
consequor.
gait, gressus, incessus.
gale, flamen, aura, pro-
cella.
gall, uro, sollicito.
gallant, fortis, audax,
nitidus.
gallantry, fortia facta.
galley, phaselus, ratis.
gallop, equum cito.
gallows, crux.
game, ludus, lusus.
gap, ruina, hiatus.
gape, hio.
kitchen garden, hortus ;
flower garden, horti
(/>/.)
garland, sertum, corona.
garment, amictus, vestis.
garrison, praesidium.
garrulous, loquax, gar-
rulus.
2OO
VOCABULARY.
gash, lacero, lanio ; (n).
vulnus.
gasp, anhelo.
gate, porta, ianua.
gather, lego, colligo,
carpo, cogo.
gauntlet, caestus.
gay, hilaris, laetus,
splendidus.
gaze at, prospicio,
specto.
gem, gemma.
general, dux, ductor.
generate, gigno, creo,
genero.
generous, largus, effusus.
genial, almus.
genius, ingenium.
gentle, mitis, blandus,
facilis, comis.
gentleman, ingenuus.
genuine, sincerus.
German, Germanus ;
(adj.} Germanicus.
gesture, gestus.
get, acquire, capio, con-
sequor.
get-out-of, renuo.
ghastly, pallidus.
ghost, umbra.
ghosts, lemures.
gift, donum, munus.
gild, inauro.
gilded, auratus.
gipsy, saga, maga.
gird, cingo.
girdle, zona, balteus.
girl, puella, virgo.
girlish, puellaris, vir-
gineus.
give, do (dare), dono,
tribuo ; (way}, nuto,
cedo.
glad, laetus, hilaris.
be glad, gaudeo, laetor.
gladden, laetifico.
glance at, aspicio.
glancing back, refractus.
glare, radio, fulgeo.
glaring, torvus.
glass, vitrum ; (adj.') vi-
treus.
be-glazed, sto vitreus.
gleam, fulgeo, mico ;
(n.) fulgor.
glen, vallis, convallis.
glide, labor, fluo.
glide-by, praeterlabor.
glitter, mico, niteo, co-
rusco, nitor.
gloom, opaca (n. pi.} ;
caligo, tenebrae.
gloomy, tristis [nigro].
glorious, clarus, illustris.
glory, gloria, fama.
gloss, nitor.
gloss over,extenuo,elevo.
glow, ardor, fervor ; (v.}
ferveo.
glut, satio.
gnarled, nodosus.
gnat, culex.
gnaw, rodo.
go, migro, eo, vado ;
(where due}, redeo.
goal, meta, career.
goat, caper, capella.
goblet, poculum, patera.
God, Deus, numen, su-
peri.
godless, impius.
godly, pius, sanctus.
gold, aurum ; (adj.}
aureus.
golden age, saturnia
regna.
gold -flow ered,a.uncom\is
good, bonus, probus,
iustus, praestans.
goodly, pulcher, formo-
sus.
goodness, virtus,
g-oose, anser.
gore, cruor, sanies, ta-
bum.
gorged, satus.
govern, rego, guberno,
moderor, praesum.
gown, toga, tunica, ves-
tis.
grace, gratia, decor.
graceful, decdrus.
graft, insero ; (.) sur-
culus.
grain, granum, mica.
granary, horreum, gra-
narium.
grand, grandis, splendi-
dus, magnus.
granddaughter, neptis.
grandfather, avus.
grandmother, avia.
grandees, proceres.
grandson, nepos.
grant, cedo, tribuo,
annuo.
grape, uva [racemus].
grapple, stringo, pre-
hendo, teneo.
grasp, corripio, pre-
hendo.
grass, gramen, herba,
cespes.
grasshopper, cicada.
grassy, gramineus, her-
bidus.
grate, focus ; (v.) tero,
rado.
grateful, gratus, accep-
tus.
gratify, delecto, placeo.
gratitude, gratia.
grave, (adj.} gravis,
severus.
grave, (v.} sculpo, caelo ;
(.) sepulcrum.
graveclothes, funerea
vest:s.
gravel, glarea.
gray, canus, caeruleus.
graze, pasco, stringo.
grease, ungo, illino.
great, magnus, amplus,
spatiosus.
VOCABULARY.
201
Greek, Graecus, Graius,
Argivus.
greedy, edax.
green, viridis, crudus.
green- growing, virens.
greet, saluto.
to be grey, canesco.
grey-hound, umber.
grief, dolor, luctus,
maeror, tristitia, cura.
grieve, ango, vexo, sol-
licito.
grievous, tristis, acerbus.
grim, torvus.
grind, tero, contero.
grisly, horridus.
groan, gemo, ingemo,
queror.
groaning, querella.
groom, agaso.
groove, fossa.
grot, spelunca, specus,
antrum.
grove, nemus, lucus.
ground, terra, humus,
solum.
grow, iilor, cresco, au-
geor, fio.
growl, fremo.
grown, adultus.
grudge, invideo.
grunt, grunnltus.
guard, defendo, tueor,
custodio; (.) custos,
defensor.
be on guard, exciibo,
vigilo.
guardian, custos, tutor.
guest, convlva, hospes.
guidance, ductus.
guide, dux.
guile, fraus, dolus.
guilt, culpa, crimen.
guiltless, insons, in-
nocuus.
guilty, nocens, reus.
gulf, sinus, gurges, bara-
thrum.
gull, mergus.
gun, machma.
gush, effluo.
gust, flatus, flamen.
H.
habit, habitus, mos, usus.
habitation, sedes.
haggard, squalidus.
hail, saluto, voco, sal-
vereiubeo; (?z.)grando.
hair, coma, capillus,
caesaries.
halcyon, alcyon.
half, dimidius (adj?).
half-dead, semianimis.
hall, aula, atria (. ^/.).
hallowed, festus, sacratus.
halt, sisto, maneo ; (adj.}
claudus.
halter, laqueus.
hamlet, pagus.
hammer, excudo.
hand, manus, dextra,
sinistra ; (v.) duco,
trado, ministro.
handcuff, manica.
handle, tracto, gero.
handmaid, ancilla, fa-
mula.
handsome, pulcher, for-
mosus, dec5rus, spe-
ciosus.
hang, suspendo,demitto;
(intr.} pendeo.
hang-over, immineo.
haply, forte, casu.
happy, felix, beatus.
harass, vexo, fatigo, sol-
licito.
harbinger, praenuntius.
harbour, portus ; (v.)
excipio.
hard, durus, rigidus.
hard-hearted, immitis.
hardly, vix, aegre.
"hardship, labor, malum.
hardy, durus, robustus.
hare, lepus.
harm, malum, damnum,
noxa.
harmless, innocuus.
harmonious, consonus.
harmony, concordia.
harness, instruo, apto ;
(.) phalerae.
harp, chelys, lyra,
cithara.
harrow, rastrum.
harry, fatigo.
harsh, severus, rigidus.
harvest, messis.
hasten, ruo, praecipito,
propero, accelero.
hatchet, securis.
hate, odium; (v.) odi,
detest or.
haunt, concelebro, fre-
quento; (.) lustrum,
nota sedes.
have, use sum with dative ;
habeo.
haven, portus, perfugium.
haughty, superbus.
hawk, accipiter.
hay, fenum.
hazard, discrimen, peri-
clum.
haze, nebula.
hazel, corylus ; (adj.}
colurnus.
hazy, nebulosus.
head, caput, vertex [sum-
mus].
headdress, vitta.
headlong, pronus, prae-
health, salus.
drink health, propino.
healthy, sanus.
be healthy, valeo.
heap, agger, acervus ; (v
congerOj accumulo.
202
VOCABULARY.
hear, aure, auribus ac-
cipio, audio.
heart, pectus, sinus,
iecur.
hearth, focus.
hearty, cSmis, fidelis.
heat, calor, aestus, fervor.
heath, erica.
heave, tumeo, tumesco.
heaven, elysium ; (s.)
polus.
heavenliness, numen.
heaviness, pondus, gravi-
tas.
heavy, gravis, gravidus,
onustus.
hedge, septum, sepes.
heed, euro, respicio.
heel, calx,
make heel, premo.
heifer, vitula, iuvenca.
heigh /-in-air, aer; vertex.
heights, summa (n. pi.),
heir, haeres.
hell, orcus, tartara (/>/.)
hellish, stygius.
helm, clavus.
helmet, galea.
helmsman, gubemator,
nauta, rector.
help, adsum, levo, con-
sulo (with dat.}, pr5-
sum ; (n.) ops, auxi-
lium.
helpful, adiutrix, (fern.} ;
utilis.
helpless, inops.
hem in, cingo, claudo.
hemlock, cicuta.
hen, gallina.
hence, hinc.
herald, praeco, praenun-
tius.
herd, armentum, pecus,
grex.
herdsman, bubulcus.
here and there, rarus
hero, vir, heros.
heron, ardea.
hesitate, haereo, dubito,
cunctor.
hew, obtrunco, seco.
hidden, caecus.
hide, pellis, corium ; (v.)
condo, occulo ; lateo,
latito.
hideous, deformis, tnr-
pis.
hiding-place, latebrae.
high, altus, celsus, sub-
limis.
highborn, nobilis, inge-
nuus.
hill, collis, iugum, cli-
vus.
hilt, .capulus.
hind, cerva ; agricola.
hinder, prohibeo, impe-
dio ; posterior.
hinge, cardo.
hint, subdo mente faces,
significo.
hire, merces, pretium.
hiss, sibilo, explode ; (n.)
sibila (pi.},
history, fasti.
hit, ferio, figo, percutio ;
(n.) ictus.
hive, alveus.
hoard, cumulus, thesau-
rus.
hoar frost, pruina.
hoariness, canities.
hoarse, raucus.
hoary, canus.
hog, porcus.
hogshead, dolium.
hoist, extollo.
hold, occupo, possideo,
capio ; of a ship, ca-
rina, alveus.
hole, latebrae, cavum,
caverna.
hollow, cavus.
holmoak, ilex.
holy, sacer, religiosus.
homage, obsequium.
home, penates, domus,
lares.
homely, simplex.
honest, integer, iustus.
honey, mel.
honeysuckle, cerintha.
honour, veneror, honoro,
colo ; (.) honor, glo-
ria.
hood, cvicullus.
hoof, ungula.
hook, laqueus, uncus,
hamus.
hoop, orbis.
hope, spero ; (.) spes.
hopeless, exspes".
horizon, aer summus.
horn, cornu.
horrible, dims, horri-
bilis.
horse, equus, currus ;
(w.) quadrupes ; (nag)
caballus.
'horseman, eques.
hose, braccae.
host, hospes.
hostage, obses.
hostile, hosticus, infen-
sus.
hound, catulus.
hour, hora.
house, lar, tecta (pi.} ;
domus.
housedog, molossus.
hovel, casa.
hover, volito.
how, ut, quo modo,
quam.
how small ! quotus, quan-
tulus.
however small, quan-
tuluscunque.
howl, exululo, ululo.
huckster, caupo.
hue, color.
huge, ingens, vastus.
VOCABULARY.
203
hulk, lignum.
hum, murmuro.
hunger, fames, esuries.
hungry, ieiunus, vorax.
hunt, venor, sequor.
hunter, venator[iuvenis].
hurl, praecipito, regero.
hurry, celero, accelero;
(a.) proripio.
hurrying, fugax.
hurt, laedo, noceo, ob-
sum.
husband, vir, maritus,
coniux.
hyacinth, hyacinthus.
hymen, hymen, hymen-
aeus.
I.
I, ego, egomet [nos].
ice, glacies ; (v.) glacio,
congelo.
icy, gelidus, glacialis.
idle, ignavus, segnis,
iners, desidiosus ; va-
nus.
be idle, cesso, quiesco,
vaco.
if, si, ntnim non [sin,
nisi].
ignorant, ignarus, nes-
cius, rudis.
ill, malum, damnum,
aerumna ; (adj.] ma-
lus, aeger.
ill-timed, importunns.
be ill, aegroto, laboro,
doleo.
use ill, abutor.
ill-looking, deformis,
tnrpis.
illness, morbus.
illuminate, illustro.
illustrate, explico.
illustrious, clarus, insig-
nis.
image, effigies, imago,
simulacrum.
imagine, concipio.
imbibe, bibo, haurio.
imbrue, tingo, inficio,
polluo.
imbue, imbno.
imitate, refero, imitor.
imitation, simulacra (n.
pi.}.
imitative, imitator (m.) ;
imitatrix (/.).
immediate, instans ; prox-
imus.
immense, ingens, im-
manis.
immerse, mergo, immer-
go-
imminent, praesens.
immoderate, immodicus.
immolate, macto, im-
molo.
immortal, aetemus, sine
morte.
immovable, immotus.
impair, corrumpo, no-
ceo.
impatient, impatiens.
impeach, accuse, insi-
mulo.
impeachment, crimen.
impede, impedio, obsum,
officio.
impel, impello, suadeo.
impetid, insto, immineo.
imperishable, non peri-
turus.
impious, impius.
implant, insero.
implicate, implico.
implore, oro, obtestor,
imploro.
important, gravis.
importunate, importunus.
importune, fatigo.
impose, impono.
be impregnate, parturio.
impress, signum.
imprint, imprimo, infigo.
imprison, claudo.
imprudent, incautns, im-
providus.
impudent, procax, petu-
lans.
impulse, pulsus, impul-
sus, motus.
with impunity, impune,
inultus.
impute, tribuo, imputo.
in, in, intra, apud.
inactive, iners, segnis.
inaugurate, instauro.
inborn, nativus, insitus.
incautious, incautus, im-
prudens.
incense, thus ; (v.) irrito,
incendo.
incessant, assiduus.
incident, res, casus.
incite, incito, stimulo,
moveo.
incline, induco, flecto.
inclined, pronus, pro-
clivis.
income, reditus, vectigal.
be inconsistent, vacillo ;
repugn o.
inconstant, levis, incon-
stans.
increase, augeo, adaugeo ;
cresco.
incumber, onero, impe-
dio.
incur, obeo, suscipio.
indebted, obnoxius.
for indeed not, neque
enim.
independent, liber.
Indian, Indus ; (adj.)
Indicus.
indicate, indico, arguo.
indifferent, securus.
be indignant, irascor ;
vix fero.
indirect, obliquus.
indisposed, aversus ; aeg-
rotus.
indistinct, confusus.
204
VOCABULAR Y.
indolence, segnities, de-
sidia.
indolent, segnis, iners,
desidiosus.
indoors, sub laribus.
induce, suadeo, impello.
indulge, indulgeo, obse-
quor.
indulgent, blandus, be-
nignus.
infamous, foedus, atrox,
improbus.
z/awy,dedecus, infamia.
infant, infans.
infantry, pedes, pedites.
infect, inficio.
inferior, minor, inferior,
impar.
infernal, infernus.
infirm, invalidus.
inflame, accendo, sti-
mulo.
inflate, inflo.
inflexible, immotus.
inflict, infligo.
influence, moveo, suadeo
[possum].
inform, dico, nuntio.
infuse, infundo.
inglorious, inhonestus,
ignotus, inglorius.
ingraft, insero.
ingratiate, concilio.
ingress, ingressus, introi-
tus, aditus.
ingulf, sorbeo.
inhabit, incolo, habito.
inhale, spiro.
inharmonious, dissonus.
inhospitable, inhospitus.
inhuman, inhumanus,
fenis.
iniquity, scelus.
injure, laedo, noceo.
injured, saucius.
injurious, damnosus,
perniciosus.
injury, damnum, noxa.
inlaid, varius, pictus.
inmate, incola.
innermost, penetralia
(#.)
innocent, innocuus, in-
sons.
inordinate, immoderatus.
inquire, rogo, quaere,
percontor.
insane, insanus.
insensible, exanimis ; fer-
reus.
inside, intra, in.
insidious, dolosus, insi-
diosus.
insignificant, vilis, levis.
insinuate, instillo ; insi-
nuo.
inspect, specto, inspicio,
inspire, stimulo, excito.
instance, exemplum.
instantly, ocius [nee
mora] .
instead. of, pro.
instruct, doceo, instituo.
instruction, doctrina.
insult, iniuria.
insure, confirmo.
intend, volo, constituo.
intent, consilium, propo-
situm.
inter, humo, sepelio.
intercourse, commercium.
interfere, intercede.
intermit, remitto.
interpose, infero.
interpreter, interpres.
interrupt, rumpo.
intertwine, implico.
interval, spatium.
interview, colloquium.
intestines, viscera, exta
(#)
intrigue, ars, fraus.
introduce, admilto, corn-
men do.
invade, invado, irnimpo.
invalid, infirmus, aeger.
invectives, convicia (/'/.).
inveigle, invehor in.
invert, invenio, reperio ;
perverto.
invest, obsideo.
inveterate, vetus.
invite, invito, voco ; pro-
voco.
invoke, in voco.
involve, involvo.
inure, exerceo.
inweave, innecto.
ire, ira, rabies,
it irks, piget.
iron, ferrum ; (adj.} fer-
reus.
ironical, dissimulatus.
irresistible, invictus.
irresolute, incertus, du-
bius.
irrigate, rigo, humecto.
irritate, irrito, lacesso,
pro voco.
island, insula.
issue, exitus, finis.
Italian, Italus ;
Italicus.
itch, scabies.
ivory, ebur ; (adj.} ebur-
nus.
ivy, hedera.
J.
jackdaw, corvus, cornT-
ciila, graculus.
jacket, tunica.
jaded, lassus.
jail, career.
jailer, ianitor.
jar, fremitus, rixa ; (t/.)
crepo, strepo.
javelin, teluiri, spiculum.
jaw, fauces, mala.
jay, parra.
jealous, invidus, aemulus,
Hvidus.
jealousy, invidia., suspicio.
VOCABULARY.
205,
jeer, irrideo.
jest, iocus, lusus ; (v.}
iocor, rideo, ludo.
jesting, iocosus, facetus.
jewel, gemma.
jingle, tinnitus.
job, opus, pensum.
jocund, laetus, hilaris.
join, compago ; (v.} con-
cilio, iungo.
join-tight, astringo.
joining, finitimus, con-
finis.
joke, see jest.
jolt, concutio, succutio.
journey, iter ; (v.) eo,
navigo.
joy, dulcedo, laetitia.
judge, iudex, arbiter ;
(v.} diiudico.
judgment-seat, tribunal.
jug, urna, amphora.
juice, succus.
July, (adj.} Quintilis, Ju-
lius.
jumble, misceo.
jump, saltus; (v.} salio.
June, Junius (adj.}.
just, Justus, probus, ae-
quus.
justice, iura (pi.}.
justify, defendo, excuso.
jut, promineo, emineo.
juvenile, iuvenilis.
K.
keel, carina.
keen, acutus, acer.
keenness, ardor, fervor ;
acies.
keeping, salvus, with abl.
abs.
keep, servo, asservo,
teneo.
keep-off, defendo.
keeper, custos.
ken, visus.
kept- alive, vlvus.
kernel, medulla, nucleus.
key, clavis.
kid, haedus, haeduleus.
kidnap, furor.
kill, caedo, neco, tru-
cido.
kin, cognatus, propin-
quus.
kind, c5mis, benignus ;
(.) genus, ratio.
a.-kind-of, nescio-quis.
kindle, accendo, conflo ;
ardeo.
kindness, gratia, officium,
meritum.
king, rex.
kingfisher, alcyon.
kingly, regius, regalis.
kirk, templum.
kirtle, z5na.
kiss, osculum.
kitchen, culina.
kite, milvus.
knapsack, sarcma, saccus.
knave, nebulo, improbus.
knee, genu, poples.
kneeling, genu flecto, sub-
mitto.
knife, culter, falx.
knight, eques,
knit, necto.
knock, pulso, verbero,
percutio ; (.) ictus.
knoll, collis, clivus.
knot, nodus.
knotty, nodosus.
know, novi, agnovi, sen-
tio.
L.
laborious, operosus.
labour, labor, opus ; (v.)
laboro, nitor.
lacerate, lacero, dilanio.
lack, egeo, indigeo ; de-
sum.
lad, puer.
ladder, scalae (pi.},
lady, domina, hera.
lag, cunctor.
lagoon. Use lacuna.
lair, thalamus, latebra,
lustrum.
lake, lacus.
lamb, agnus, agna.
lame, claudus.
\>e-lame, claudico.
lament, illacrymo, in-
crepo, queror, doleo.
lamentation, querella, do-
lor.
lamp, lampas, lucerna.
lance, hasta, lancea.
land, terra, tellus, solum.
land (adj.}, terrestris,
pedester.
lane, limes.
language, lingua.
languid, languidus.
languor, situs.
languorous, languidus.
lap, gremium.
lapse, lapsus ; (v.} tran-
seo, labor.
large, grandis, amplus.
lark, alauda.
lash, lorum, habena.
lass, puella.
lasting, proprius.
last, (v.} duro, maneo.
for last time, extremutn.
at last, tandem, demum.
latch, sera.
late, serus, novus.
lately, nuper.
lattice, fenestra.
laud, laudo.
laugh, rideo ; (.) risus,
cachinnus.
launch, mitto, detrudo.
laurel, laurus(rf/.); lau-
reus.
lavish, prodigus.
law, lex, ius.
lawful, iustus [licet].
206
VOCABULARY.
lawless, indomitus.
lax, solutus.
lay, loco, pono.
lay aside, pono.
lay waste, vasto, do vas-
tum, depopiilo.
lea, pratum.
lead, duco, ago.
lead-up-to, peto.
leaf, frons, folium,
be in leaf, frondeo.
league, foedus.
leak, rima; (v.) fatisco.
lean, macer.
lean upon, innitor, in-
cumbo.
leanness, macies.
leap, salio, salto; (.),
saltus.
learn, disco, nosco.
learning, doctrina.
leather, corium.
leave, venia.
leave, destituo, relinquo.
legend, fabula.
legion, legio.
leisure, otia (pi.}, [vaco
*]-
lend, commodo.
at length, tandem, de-
mum.
lengthen, produce, ex-
tendo.
lenient, lenis, mitis.
leper, leprosus.
lessen, minuo, diminuo,
elevo.
lesson, pensum.
lest, ne.
let, permitto, sino; im-
pcdio.
letter, littera, epistola.
level, planus, aequus ;
(t>.) aequo.
levy, conscribo, impero.
lewd, protervus, lasci-
vus.
liable, obnoxius.
liar, mendax.
liberate, libero, exsolvo.
lick, lambo.
lictor, lictor.
lie, iaceo, sternor [pro-
nus] ; mentior.
life, vita, aetas, victus.
lifeless, lentus, exanimis.
lift, tollo.
light, levis; (n.~) lux,
lumen, fulgor; (t/.)
accendo.
light-house, pharos.
lighten, minuo, levo.
lightning, fulgur.
like, similis, par, instar;
(v.) probo, amo.
liken, compare.
lily, lilium.
limb, membrum, artus.
lime, viscum.
lime tree, tilia.
limit, finis, limes ; (v .)
finio, termino, claudo.
limpid, limpidus, liqui-
dus.
linden, tilia.
line, series, ordo.
linen,\im\m; (adj.} lineus.
linger, moror, cunctor.
linnet, galbiila.acanthis.
lion, leo, lea, leaena.
lip, labrum, labellum.
lisp, balbutio.
list, tabula.
list-of-victories, titiili.
listen, audio.
litter, lectica.
little, parvus, parvulus,
exiguus.
live, vivo, sum, dego
aetatem.
long-lived, vivax, vitalis.
lively, alacer.
liver, iecur.
livid, Hvidus.
lizard, lacertus, lacerta.
lo I en ; ecce, aspice.
load, onero, gravo ; (n.]
onus.
loan [mutuus].
loath, insitus.
loathe, horreo, fastidio.
lofty, altus, excelsus,
sublimis.
log, truncus, lignum,
stipes.
loiter, cesso, m ror.
loll, reciibo, recumbo.
lone, solus.
long, diu ; (adj.} longus;
(v.) opto, cupio, desi-
dero.
longer, amplius.
longing, cupidus.
look, video, aspicio,
specto ; (.) visus r
aspectus, obtutus.
look at, tueor.
look out, prospicio.
looker on, auspex.
loose, laxo, solvo.
lord, dominus, proceres.
lord it over, imperito.
lose, perdo, amitto.
loss, damnum.
lot, sors, fatum.
loud, clarus [magna
voce].
love, amo, diligo, ardeo;
(.) amor, studium.
lovely, amabilis, pulcher.
lover, amans, amator,
procus.
low, humilis, demissus;
(v.} mugio.
low lying, supinus.
lower, premo, deprimo.
loyal, fidus, fidelis.
luck, fortuna, sors.
lucre, lucrum.
ludicrous, ridiculus, ludi-
crus.
lukewarm, tepidus.
lull, sopio, mulceo ; (n.)
quies.
VOCABULARY.
207
lump, massa, acervus.
lure, illecebra; (v.) alli-
cio.
lurk, lateo, latito.
lurking-place, latebrae.
lust, libido.
lustre, splendor.
lute, cithara.
luxuriant, fertilis.
luxurious, lautus, luxu-
riosus.
lyre, lyra, cithara, fides
(pi.), testudo, barbitos,
chelys.
lying, mendax, falsus.
M.
mad, insanus, amens,
furiosus.
mad desire, furor,
in madness, insanus.
magic, artes, magicae.
magpie, picus, pica.
maid, virgo, puella, an-
cilla, famula.
maiden, (adj.) integer,
virgineus.
mail, lorica.
maimed, mutilus, mancus.
main, summus, praeci-
puus.
maintain, sustineo.
maize, sesamum.
make, facio, reddo, creo,
condo.
make way, pergo
maker, artifex, auctor.
malady, morbus.
male, mas, masculus.
mallet, malleus.
mallow, malva.
man, homo, vir, iuvenis,
senex.
manacle, mamca.
manage, gero, curo,tra to.
mane, iuba.
manful, virilis.
manger, praesepe.
mangle, dilanio, lacero.
maniac, lymphatus, furio-
sus.
manifest, notus, mani-
festus [pateo].
manliness, virtus.
manner, mos, modus.
mannerly, urbanus, bu-
rn anus.
mantle, pallium, lacerna.
many, multus, plures.
how many, quot.
maple, acer.
mar, obsum, noceo.
maraud, praedor.
marble, marmor ; (adj.)
marmoreus.
March, (adj.) Martius ;
(v.) proficiscor, incedo.
margin, margo, ora.
marigold, caltha.
mariner, nauta, navita.
mark, noto, signo ; (.)
nota.
market, mercatus, forum.
marriage, coniugium.
married, iunctus ; nupta.
marry, duco, nubo.
marsh, palus.
marshal, instruo, dis-
pono.
marvel, monstrum, pro-
digium.
marvellous, mirus, miri-
ficus.
mask, persona, larva ;
(v.) celo, tego.
mass, (v.) glomero; (.)
massa, moles.
mast, malus ; glans.
master, dommus, herus ;
(v.) supero, domo.
mastijf, molossus.
mat, teges.
maternal, maternus.
matron, mater, matrona
matted, sq,nalidus.
mattock, ligo.
May, (adj.) Mains.
may, licet, fas est.
mazes, ambages, gyri.
meadow, pratum ; (adj.)
pratensis.
mean, volo ; (adj.) hu-
milis, vilis.
measure, metor.
meat, caro.
meat-market, macellum.
medicine, medicina.
meditate, meditor.
Mediterranean, medium
mare.
medley of fight, aequo
confusi marte.
meek, mitis, placidus.
meet, coeo, occurro.
meeting, (adj.) iunctus,
obvius.
mellow, maturus ; (v.)
coquo.
melodious, canorus, blan-
dus.
melody, melos.
melt, solvo, resolvo,
fundo; (intr.) liquesco.
member, membrum.
memorial, monumentum.
menace, minor, minitor ;
(.) minae (pi.).
mend [rego], reficio,
reparo.
merchandise, merx.
merchant, mercator.
mercy, dementia.
mere, merus.
merit, virtus, meritum ;
(v.) mereo.
message, mandatum, ius-
sum.
messenger, nuntius.
metal, metallum.
meteors, sidera, faces.
method, ratio, modus, via.
midday, medius dies.
middle, medius.
208
VOCABULARY.
midriff, praecordia.
mien, species, habitus.
might, vis, vires, robur.
mighty, potens.
migrate, migro.
m//c?,mitis,blandus, lenis.
mildew, r5bigo.
milk, lac.
milkpails, mulctra.
milkwhite, lacteus.
mill, mola.
mind, mens, animus.
mines, lautomiae, metal-
lum.
mingle, misceo.
minstrel, vates.
mint, moneta.
miracle, monstrum, pro-
digium.
mire, lutum.
mirror, speculum.
mischief, lues, malum,
damnum.
misconduct, culpa.
miser, avarus.
miserable, miser, infelix.
misery, tristitia, dolor.
misfortune, malum.
misletoe, viscum.
miss, desldero ; erro.
be missed, vaco.
mist, nebula.
mistake, erro ; (n.) error.
mistress, ipsa, domina,
hera.
mistrust, difiido.
misty, nebulosus.
mix, misceo.
moan, gemo, ploro; (n.}
gemitus.
moat, fossa.
mob, turba, vulgus.
mock, ludificor, derideo.
model, exemplum.
moderate, modicus, mod-
estus.
modest, modestus, pudi-
cus.
modesty, pudor.
moist, iidus, humidus,
madidus.
moisten, irrigo, rigo, hu-
mecto.
mole , talpa, moles.
molest, vexo, sollicito.
mollify, lenio, mulceo,
placo.
moment, momentum.
money, nummus, pecunia.
monk, monachus.
monkey, simia.
monster, monstrum.
monstrous, immanis, pro-
digiosus.
month, mensis.
monthly, menstruus [bi-
mestris].
monument, monumentum.
moon, luna, Cynthia,
Diana.
moor, tesqua : palus.
Moor, Maurus.
moor-hen, fulica.
more, (adv.} plus, magis,
amplius.
moreover, praeterea, quin.
morning, mane, aurora,
lucifer; (adj.} matu-
tmus.
morrow, crastinus dies.
morsel, frustum.
mortal, mortalis.
mosque, templum.
moss, muscus.
mossy, muscosus.
mother, mater, genetrix.
be mother, pario.
mother-in-law, socrus.
motherless, orbus.
motherly, maternus.
motion, m5tus.
motionless, immotus.
motley, varius.
motto, carmen.
mould, terra, situs.
moulder, putresco.
mount, ascendo, scando.
mountain, mons, iugum.
mourn, doleo.
mouse, mus.
mouth, ora (n.pl.\ fauces
(pi.},
move (v. intr.}, moveor,
mdtor ; (tr.} moveo,
agito.
movement, m5tus.
mow, meto, succldo, ton-
deo.
mower, messor.
much, multus, plurimus,
frequens.
mud, limus, coenum,
liitum.
muddy, lutulentus.
muffle, velo, obnubo.
muffled, surdus (of noise).
mug, p5culum.
mulberry, morus; (fruit),
morum.
mule, mulus.
multiplied, multiplex.
munch, edo.
murder, caedes, strages.
murderous, cruentus.
murmur, murmur, fre-
mitus ; (v.} musso,
fremo, murmuro.
muscles, tori, nervi.
muse^ musa, Camera.
muse on, meditor.
music, melos, cantus.
muster, cogo, colligo.
mute, mutus, tacitus,
taciturnus.
be mute, taceo, sileo.
mutiny, seditio.
mutter low, musso.
mutual, mutuus [in-
vicem].
muzzle, capistrum.
my, hie, meus, noster.
myrrh, myrrha.
myrtle, myrtus.
mysterious, arcanus.
VOCABULARY.
209
N.
na^, mannus.
naiad, naias, nais.
nail, clavus, unguis ; (v.)
figo.
naked, nudus, apertus.
name, nomen ; (n.) voco,
appello, n5mino.
nap, sopor.
napkin, mappa.
narrate, narro, refero.
narrow, angustus, arctus.
nasty, foedus, sordidus,
immundus.
nation, populus, gens.
native, nativus, insitus,
indigena.
nature, res (/>/.)
naughty, malus, pravus.
navigate, navigo.
navy, classis..
nay, qum.
near, propter, prope ;
(adj.} propinquus,
propior.
neat, mundus, concinnus.
neck, colla (n. pi.), cer-
vix.
necklace, monile.
nectcr, nectar.
need, egeo, indigeo.
needle, acus.
needy, egenus, inops.
neglect, negligo, omitto.
neigh, hinnio.
neighbour, vicmus.
neither, nee, neve ; (adj.}
neuter.
nerve, animus, vigor.
nest, nidus, lar.
nestle in, foveo [nidi-
fico].
net, rete.
nettle, urtica ; (v.) irrito.
never, nunquam, non un-
quam.
be next, iungor.
new, novus.
news, nuntius.
next, proximus ; (prep.}
iuxta.
nibble, r5do.
nice, lautus.
niche, cella.
niggard, parcus, avarus,
malignus.
night, nox [noctu].
nightingale, philomela.
nightly, nocturnus, noc-
tivagus.
nimble, agilis.
nip, praecido, seco, uro.
no, nullus, nemo.
noble, nobilis, clarus,
splendidus [proce-
res].
noblesse, nobilitas.
nod, nutus ; (t/.) nuto,
annuo.
noise, sonus, sonitus,
strepitus.
noiseless, tacitus.
nook, angulus, recessus.
noon, medius dies, aestus.
north, boreas, arctus.
north-wind, boreas, aqui-
lo ; (adj.) arctous, bo-
realis.
nose, nasus, nares (//.).
not, non, baud [nondum,
nusquam].
note, signum, nota, fana.
nothing, nihil, nil.
give notice, declare, in-
dico.
notorious, notus, mani-
festus [pateo].
nourish, nutrio, (impf.)
nutribam, alo, foveo.
nourishing, almus.
novel, novus, insolitus.
November, (adj.) Novem-
ber.
now, nunc, iam.
null, irritus.
numbed, attonitus, tor-
pidus.
be-numbed, torpeo.
number, numerus ; (v.)
enumero.
numerous, multus, fre-
quens.
nurse, nutrix.
nurseling, alumnus.
nurture, alimenta (n.pl.\
victus.
nymph, nympha [nais,
hamadryas],
O.
oak, quercus, ilex, aes-
culus, robur.
oaken, quemus, iliceus,
r5boreus.
car, remus, palma.
oarage, remigium.
take oath of, iuro in
verba.
obedience, obsequium.
obey, pareo, obsequor.
object,, exprobro, recuso.
oblique, obliquus.
obliterate, deleo, ex-
tinguo.
oblivious, immemor, ob-
Htus.
obloquy, invidia.
obscure, obscurus, tene-
brosus.
obsequies, exequiae.
observe, adverto, noto,
servo.
obstruct, obstruo, obsum.
obtain, acquire, conse-
quor, potior.
obvious, manifestus.
occasion, tempus, causa.
occupy, capesso, teneo,
habito.
occur, accido, evenio.
ocean, oceanus.
October, (adj.) October.
210
VOCABULARY.
odd, impar.
ode, carmen.
odious, odiosus, invisus.
odium, invidia.
odoriferous, 6d5rus, fra-
grans.
odour, odor.
of, de, ex.
offence, culpa, crimen,
error.
offend, erro, pecco.
offender, reus.
offer, do, offero.
office, munus.
officer, praefectus.
offspring, proles, soboles.
often, saepe, crebro
[quoties, toties].
oil, iingo ; (.) oleum.
old, vetiis, antiquus.
old age, senecta, se-
nium.
old man, senex, vetulus.
old woman, anus, vetula.
to be old, senesco.
olive, oliva, olea.
omen, omen, augurium.
omit, omitto, mitto.
on, in, super.
once, semel, olim, quon-
dam.
one, unus, aliquis.
only, tantum, naodo, non
nisi.
onset, impetus.
ooze, limus ; (v.) emano.
open, aperio, pando,
resero, recludo.
be open, pateo.
opening, hiatus.
opinion, sententia.
opportune, tempestivus.
oppose, obsisto, obsto,
resisto, repugno.
opposite, eontrarius, ad-
versns, oppositus.
oppress, premo, opprimo.
opulent, dives.
or, vel, aut, sive, an,
anne.
oracle, oraculum.
orchard, hortus, poma-
rium.
ordain, statuo.
order (levy}, impero, or-
dino, iubeo; (.) ordo,
iussum.
origin, origo, fons.
ornament, orno, decoro ;
(.) decus, ornatus.
orphan, orbus, orbatus.
osier, vimen.
other, alter, alius [alibi,
alio, alias, aliter].
ought, debeo [decet].
our, noster.
out, ex, extra [foris].
outbreak, tumultus, sedi-
tio.
outdo, supero.
outlandish, peregrinus.
outlaw, exlex.
outlet, exitus.
outlive, supersum.
outrage, laedo, violo ;
(.) injuria.
outrun, praecurro.
outshine, praeniteo, prae-
luceo.
outside, externus, exte-
rior.
outwit, fallo.
over, per, super, supra.
overcome, vinco, devinco,
supero.
overflow, redundo, in-
undo.
overgrown, sentus, ob-
situs.
overload, obruo.
overlook, prospicio, neg-
ligo.
overmuch, nimius.
overpower, opprimo, de-
bellor.
overset, everto.
overshadow, obumbro,
overtake, occiipo.
overthrow, fundo, fugo,
profllgo ; (.) clades.
overtop, superemineo.
overwhelm, obruo.
owe, debeo.
owl, bubo, strix, noctua.
own, habeo, possideo,
agnosco.
owner, dominus.
ox, bos, iuvencus, vi-
tulus.
ox-herd, bubulcus.
P.
pace, gradus, gressus.
pack, (v.} confercio ; (n.)
corona, grex.
paddock, ager.
padlock, sera.
paean, paean.
page, puer; famulus,
pagina.
pageant, pom pa.
pain, dolor, angor; (t/.)
vexo, ango.
pains, labor, opera, stu-
dium.
paint, pingo.
pair, par (*.)._
palace, aula, regia.
pale, albus, pallidus.
be pale, palleo, pallesco.
paling, vallum.
pall, pall a.
palm, palma.
pamper, foveo, indulgeo.
panic, pavor panicus.
pansy, viola.
pant, anhelo.
1 paper, chartae (pl.\ pa-
pyrus.
; parade, pompa, species.
I paramour, amans.
1 parch, torreo, aduro,
sicco.
VOCABULARY.
211
parched, siccus, aridus,
exustus.
pardon, venia ; (v.) ig-
nosco.
parent, parens.
park, horti (pi.*),
parrot, psittacus.
parsley, apium.
part, pars; (v.) separo,
divide.
partner, sponsa, socius.
partridge, perdix.
pass, praetereo, traicio,
ago, dego.
pass through (tr.\ in-
sinuo.
passage, cursus, transitus.
past, actus, praeteritus.
pasturage, pastus, pas-
cua.
paternal, paternus, pa-
trius.
path, semita, limes, cal-
lis.
patient, patiens.
patrol, excubiae ; (t/.)
vigilo.
pattern, exemplum.
pause, cesso, moror ; (.)
mora.
pave, sterno, munio.
pay, solvo, luo ; (tribute},
contribuo.
peace, pax, quies.
peacock, pavo.
peak, apex.
pear, pirus.
peasant, agrestis, rusti-
cus.
peck, mordeo.
peculiar, proprius.
pedigree, stemma, tituli,
genus [imagines],
peevish, dimcilis, mo-
rosus.
peg, clavus.
pelt, exagito, peto.
pen, stilus, sepes, septum.
penalty, poena, mulcta.
pendulous, pendulus.
penetrate, penetro.
pennon, signum, vexil-
lum.
penny [as], aes.
pensive, gravis.
people, plebs, populus;
(v.) frequento.
perceive, sentio, percipio.
perch, sedes.
perfect, summus.
perfidious, perf idus.
perform, facio, perago,
obeo.
perfume, odor.
perhaps, forsitan, forsan.
peril, periclum, discri-
men.
perish, pereo, dispereo.
permit, permitto, sino,
concedo.
pernicious, exitiosus, ma-
lus.
perplex, turbo.
persevere, persisto.
persuade, induce, exoro.
pert, petulans.
peruse, lego.
pervert, corrumpo.
pervious, pervius.
pester, vexo, lacesso.
pestilence, pestis.
petrel, mergus.
phalanx, phalanx.
phantom, umbra.
pheasant, colchavolucris.
physic, medicina.
pick, carpo, lego.
pickaxe, ligo.
pickle, condio.
picture, tabula, imago.
pie, crustum.
pier, agger, m5les.
pierce, transadigo, pene-
tro, defigo.
piety, pietas, religio.
pig, sus ; porcus.
P 2
pigeon, columba.
pike, lupus ; hasta, pilum.
pile, acervus, cumulus.
pilgrim, advena.
pillage, rapio, praedor,
spolio ; (.) praeda,
raptum.
pillar [moles], columna.
pilot, rector, gubernator,
magister.
pimpernel, anagallis.
pine, plnus,taeda, abies;
(arf/.) pmeus.
pinnace, phaselus.
pinnacle, fastigium.
pipe, tibia, avena.
pirate, praedo.
pit, fovea, fossa.
pitch, (v.) pono, loco;
(n.)pix; (adj.} piceus.
pitcher, urna.
piteous, miser, miseran-
dus.
pith, medulla.
pitiless, immitis.
pity, miseror, misereor.
place, locus, situs, sedes ;
(v.) pono, loco, statuo.
placid, placidus.
plague, pestis, lues ; (v.')
vexo.
plain, aequus, simplex,
make plain, explico.
plaint, querella.
plaintive, lugubris.
plait, necto.
plan, consilium ; (t/.)
molior.
plane, platanus.
plank, trabs, tabula.
plant, flosculus ; (t/.)
sero.
planter, colonus, cultor,
sator.
plate, lanx.
plaudit, plausus.
play, ludo; (.) lusus,
ludus.
212
playful, ioc5sus.
pleasant, gratus.
please, iuvo, placeo, de-
lecto.
pleasure, munus, deliciae,
voluptas.
pledge, pignus ; (v.)
praesto.
pleiads, pleiades.
plenteous, largus, uber.
plenty, copia.
pliant, lentus.
plot, consilium ; (v.)
stnio, molior, con-
spiro.
plough, aratrum [vomer,
stiva] ; (v.) aro.
pluck, vello, carpo.
plum, prunum.
plum- coloured, purpu-
reus.
plume oneself, glorior,
superbio.
plump, pinguis.
plunder, diripio, prae-
dor ; (.) praeda.
plunge, praecipito ; (fr.)
condoj mergo.
ply, exerceo.
poet, poeta, vates.
poignant, acerbus.
point, acies, mucro ; (v.)
acuo.
poise, libra,
poison, venenum ; (v.) ve-
neno, imbuo.
pole, axis ; polus.
pole of a flag, hasta.
polestar, cynosura.
polish, polio ; (.) nitor,
cultus.
polite, urbanus, comis.
politic, prudens, sagax.
pollute, inquino, maculo.
pomp, splendor.
pond, stagnum.
poniard, slca.
pontiff', pontifex.
VOCABULAR K
pool, lacus, lacuna, va-
dum.
poor, pauper, egenus,
inops.
poorly clad, sordens,
horrens.
poplar, popiilus.
poppy, papaver.
populace, plebs, vulgus.
populous, frequens.
porch, porticus, vestibii-
lum.
port, portus ; habitus.
portend, portendo, signi-
fico.
porter, ianitor.
portion, dos ; (v.) dis-
pertio, distribuo.
portrait, imago, effigies.
position, situs.
possess, habeo, possideo.
post, locus ; (v.) pono,
loco.
postpone, differo.
pot, vas.
potion, potus.
potsherd, testa.
pound, tero, contero.
pour, fundo.
poverty, egestas.
powder, pulvis.
power, vis, vires (/-/.)
[possum ; penes].
practice, usus.
practise, meditor, exer-
ceo.
praise, laus ; (v.) laudo.
prance, incedo.
prating, garrulus.
pray, precor, oro, sup-
plico.
prayer, preces (pi.},
precede, praecedo, ante-
eo, praeco, praecurro.
precedent, exemplum.
precipitate, praeceps.
predict, augiiror, prae-
cmo.
prefer, malo.
preferable, potior.
pregnant, gravidus.
prelude, exordium.
premature, immaturus.
premeditated, meditatus.
prepare, paro, comparo.
presence, presentia, aura
[adsum, coram].
present, praesens ; (t/.)
do, dono ; (.) munus,
donum.
preserve, servo, tueor.
preside over, praesum.
press, premo, urgeo.
press on, insto, incumbo.
presume, audeo, dignor.
pretend, simulo ; dissi-
mulo
pretty, venustus.
prevail, valeo, vinco,
exoro.
prevent, impedio, prohi-
beo.
previous, prior.
prey, praeda.
price, pretium, merces.
prick, purgo, mordeo,
uro.
prick (ears), arrigo.
pride, fastus, superbia,
iactantia.
take/rfe, tiimeo, glorior.
priest, sacerdos.
prince, princeps.
princely, regius.
print, imprimo ; (.)
signum, nota, vesti-
gium.
prior, pontifex.
prison, career ; (v.) te-
neo.
privet, ligustrum.
prize, praemium ; palma.
probe, specto, probo.
proceed, incedo, progre-
dior.
procession, pompa.
VOCABULARY.
213
proclaim, edico, pro
clamo.
procrastinate, differo
opus.
procure, acquire.
prodigal, prodigus, ne
pos.
prodigy, monstrum.
produce, pario, gigno
(.) fructus.
profane, profanus, im-
pius.
profit, lucrum, quaestus
fructus ; (v.) prosum,
iuvo, lucror.
profitless, sterilis.
profound, profundus.
progeny, proles, soboles,
progenies.
prognostic, augurium.
prohibit, veto, prohibeo.
prolific, fecundus.
prolong, produce.
promise, spondeo, pacis-
cor, polliceor ; (.)
promissum, fides.
prompt, promptus ; (v.)
hortor, stimulo.
prone, pr5nus, proclivis.
prop, fulcio ; (.*) ful-
crum.
propel, impello.
proper, proprius, aptus.
property, res, census.
prophecy, praedico, vati-
cinor ; (.) praedic-
tum.
prophet, vates.
propitiate, placo, pio.
propitious, praesens, pro-
pitius, dexter.
propose, fero, postiilo.
proposer, auctor.
prosecute, persequor.
prospect, prospectus ;
spes.
prospective, venturas.
prosper, augeo ; floreo.
prosperous, felix.
prostrate, sterno ; (ci
pronus, supplex.
protect, tueor, defendo,
prdtego.
protection, praesidium.
protract, traho.
be proud, siiperbio.
prove, specto, arguo,
probo.
providence, numen.
provision, opes ; cura.
provoke, lacesso, pro-
voco.
prow, prora.
prune, puto, attondeo.
pry into, rimor, inspicio.
publish, edo, divulgo.
pvjfup, effero.
be puffed up, tumeo, tur-
gesco.
puffed up, elatus, tumi-
dus.
puff of smoke, fumifer
aestus.
pull, traho, duco, vello.
pulpit, pulpitum
pumice, pumex.
pump up, haurio.
punish, punio, castigo.
punishment, poena, sup-
plicium.
punhher, vindex, ultor.
purchase, emo, mercor.
ure, purus, liquidus,
sincerus.
'urge, purgo.
purling, susurrus.
urloin, surripio.
urple, purpura; (adj.}
purpureus.
Purpose, animus, consi-
lium; ( v .) volo, sta-
tuo.
purse, saccus, criimena.
insto.
urvey, ministro.
push, trudo.
pushing, improbus.
put, pono, loco, fere,
statuo.
put forth, cieo.
put out, extinguo.
putrid, putris, putridus.
pyramid, pyramis.
pyre, rogus, pyra.
Q.
quadruped, quadriipes.
quaff, poto, bibo.
quagmire, vadum, lutum.
quail, co turn ix.
quake, tremo, intremisco.
quantity, c5pia, vis.
quarrel, rixa, lis, iur-
gium ; (v.) contendo,
rixor.
quarry, praeda.
quarter, venia, pars,
quarta.
quay, moles, crepido.
quell, opprimo.
quick, citus, velox, celer.
be quick, praecipito.
quicken, (tr.) moveo ;
(intr.) accelero.
quiet, tranquillus, quietus;
(v.~) placo, paco.
quill, calamus.
quilt, stragulum.
quit, linguo, relinquo,
desero.
quite, omnino.
quiver, pharetra ; (v.)
tremo, vibro, mico.
quoit, discus.
quote, kudo, comme-
moro.
B.
rabble, turba, vulgus.
rabid, furiosus, rabidus.
214
VOCABULAR Y.
race, genus ; cursus ; (t/.)
curro.
rack, tormentum ; (v.) |
crucio, torqueo.
radiance, nitor, splendor.
radio' e, Juceo, radio,
fulgeo.
raft, ratis, trabs.
rafter, trabs, tignum.
rag, pannus.
rage, furo, insto, saevio.
bacchor ; (w.) ira,
furor, rabies.
rail at, maledico, in-
vehor in.
raiment, vestis.
rain, pliivia, imber.
rainy, pluviosus, im-
brifer.
raise, erigo, tollo, effero.
rake, rastrum.
rake up, conquiro.
rally, restituo.
ram, aries.
ramble, vagor, palor.
rampart, vallum,
at random, temere.
range, lustro, spatior ;
(n.) ordo, series.
rank, (adj.} crassus.
rank, conditio, locus,
ordo ; (t/.) pono, aes-
timo.
ransack, rlmor, scrutor.
ransom, redimo ; (.)
pretium.
rapid, rapidus, velox.
rapine, rapina, raptum.
in rapture, raptim.
rare, rarus.
rascal, nequam, perditus.
rase, excido, deicio.
rash, praeceps, teme-
rarius.
rather, pptius [malo].
rattle, crepo, crepito.
ravage, vasto, populor.
rave, dellro, furo.
raven, corvus, corva.
ravenous, vorax, avidus.
raw, crudus, rudis.
ray, radius, ardor, lu-
men, iubar.
reach, adeo, attinguo,
consequor.
read, lego, perlego.
ready, paratus, praesens.
real, verus.
reap, me" to, demeto.
reaper, messor.
rear, alo, nutrio; (.)
agmen, extremum.
by reason of, ob, prop-
ter, per.
rebel, rebellis.
rebound, resulto.
rebuff, repulsa.
rebuild, instanro.
recall, revoco, reduce.
receive, excipio, capio.
recent, novus, recens.
recite, narro.
reckon, recenseo.
make it recoil, reicio.
recollect, memini, re-
peto.
reconcile, concflio.
record, signo, narro.
recover, recipio, sano.
recruit, tiro.
red, ruber, roseus, rubi-
cundus [rubeo, ru-
besco].
redness, rubor.
redolence, odor.
redouble, gemino, itero.
reduce, vinco, domo,
redigo.
re-echo, ingemino, do
g^minoque, con-
gemmo.
reed, calamus, avena,
arundo.
reek, madeo, oleo.
reel, titubo.
refer, remitto, attribuo.
refine, purgo, excolo.
reflect, refero, reddo.
refluent, refluus.
refrain, contineo.
refresh, recreo, reficio.
refuge, receptus, hos-
pitium.
refugee, perfuga.
refuse, renego, detrecto,
renuo, respuo.
regal, regius, regalis.
regard, respicio, colo,
specto ; (.) cura.
regiment, legio, turma.
register, census.
regret, desiderium ; (v.}
desidero, doleo.
regular, iustus.
reign, regno, dominor.
rein, habena, I5rum.
reject, reicio, respuo.
rejoice, gaudeo, ovo,
laetor.
reiterate, itero.
relax, remitto.
release, solvo, libero,
eximo, dimitto.
relentless, immitis, in-
humanus.
reliance, fides.
relief, levamen.
relieve, levo, relevo.
religion, pietas.
relinquish, linquo,desero.
relish, gustus.
reluctant, invitus [nolo,
gravor].
rely on, confido, nitor
[fretus].
remain, maneo, resto.
remaining, reliquus,
sxiperstes.
remedy, medicina.
remember, teneo animo,
memor sum.
remind, moneo.
remiss, segnis, solutus,
iners.
VOCABULAR Y.
215
remit, remitto, omitto.
remote, distans, remo-
tus.
remove, moveo, removeo.
rend, lacero, dilanio,
discerpo.
render, reddo, restituo.
renew, instauro, renovo.
renown, fama, gloria,
laus, decus.
repair, restituo, reficio.
repast, dapes.
repeal, abrogo.
repeat, frequento, itero.
repent, doleo.
replace, repdno.
reply, refero ; (.) re-
sponsum.
report, rumor, fama.
repose, quiesco ; (n.)
requies.
reprieve, differo.
reproach, exprobro, in-
crepo.
reprove, culpo, obiurgo.
repugnant to, alienus,
abhorrens.
repulse, pello, repello,
fugo.
request, rogo, peto,
flagito.
require, exigo, posco,
egeo.
rescue, libero, redimo.
resemble, refero.
resembling, similis.
reside, habito.
residence, domus, lares.
resign, abdico, cedo, re-
signo.
resist, resisto, repugno.
resolve, statuo.
resolved, certus, fixus.
resolution, constantia.
resort, perfugium.
rewound, resono.
resounding, resonus.
respect, vereor, observe.
respectable, probus, ho-
nestus.
respectively [quisque
suum].
responsible to, obnoxius.
rest, quies, requies, oti-
um ; (tr.) recreo.
rest (support}, sustmeo.
restiff, indocilis.
restless, irrequietus.
restore, reddo, restituo.
restrain, cohibeo, freno.
result, eventus.
resume, repeto, resume.
retain, rep5no.
retainer, comes.
retinue, cohors.
retire, recede.
retired, reductus.
retreat, receptus,secessus.
return, (adj.) mutuus j
redeo, revertor.
returning, redux, reditu-
rus.
reveal, aperio, retego.
revenge, ulciscor, vin-
dico ; (.) vindicta.
revenger, vindex, ultor.
revenue, reditus, fructus.
revel, comissor.
reverie, somnia (pi.).
review, recenseo.
reviling, convlcium, pro-
brum.
revive, recolo, recreo, re-
ficio.
revived, redivlvus.
revoke, revoco, rescindo.
revolt, deficio, rebello.
reward, praemium, mer-
ces.
rib, costa.
ribbon, serica, flla (n.
pi.) ; taenia.
rice, oryza.
rich, locuples, dives.
riches, divitiae, opes.
rid, exsolvo.
ride, equito, vehor, feror.
ride through, lustro equo.
ridge, iugum.
ridicule, rideo.
rift, hiatus, rima.
rigging, arma.
right, rectus, probus,
dexter ; (n.) ius.
rill, rivus, rlvulus.
rim, ora, margo.
rm^,sono,resono; (n.)an-
nulus, aurum, gemma.
ringing, tinnulus.
riot, tumultus.
ripe, maturus.
rise, surgo, erigor, in-
gemino ; (n.) ortus.
risk, alea.
rival, aemulus.
river, fluvius, amnis,
flumen.
road, via, iter [static].
roam, vagor, erro.
roar, boo, furo, fremo.
roast, torreo.
rob, spolio, rapio.
robber, latro.
robe, vestitus,toga,vestis.
rochet. Use vestis.
rock, scopuluSj rapes,
saxum.
rod, virga, calamus.
rogue, nebulo, vafer.
roll, volvo, voluto.
roof, tecta (pi.), culmen.
rook, cornix.
room, thalamus.
root, radix; (v.) out, ex-
stirpo.
rope, funis.
rose, rosa.
rosemary, ros marinus.
rotten, marcidus.
to be rotten, putresco.
rough, asper, scaber,
horridus.
round, (pr.) circum.
rounded, teres, rotundus.
2l6
VOCABULARY.
rouse, excito.
rout, fuga.
row, (.) ordOj series ;
remigo.
rower, nauta, remex.
royal, regius, regalis.
rub, tero, deleo, limo.
rudder, clavus, guberna-
clum.
rude, incultus, rusticus.
rue, ruta ; (v.} doleo.
be-ruffled, horreo.
rugged, asper, durus.
ruin, ruina, pernicies ;
(v.} perdo, everto.
rule, dominor, rego ; (.)
ditio, regnum.
rumble, murmuro.
rumour, fama, rumor.
run, curro, fluo, fugio.
runaway, fugax.
run in, insmuo.
running [water], iugis.
running with, lique-
factus.
rush, iuncus ; (v.} ruo.
rust, situs, robigo.
rustle, strepo, susurro.
S.
sack, diripio, vasto.
sacred, sacer, sanctus,
sacra tus.
sacrifice, sacra (pi.} ; (v.}
sacrifice, macto, facio.
sad, tristis, mosstus, lugu-
bris [doleo, maereo].
saddles, instrata (n. pl.\
sadness, maeror, luctus,
tristitia.
safe, sospes, tutus, salvus.
safeguard, praesidium.
safety, salus.
saffron, crocus ; (adj.*)
croceus.
sails, lintea (n. />/.), vela,
carbasa ; (v.) navigo.
sailor, nauta, navita.
saint, divus ; (of a man)
pius.
saleable, venalis.
sally, erumpo.
salt, sal.
salt-sea., salsa (n. />/.).
salute, saluto.
salve, unguentum.
same, idem.
sample, exemplum.
sanctity, relligio.
sanctuary, asylum.
sand, arena.
sandy, arenosus.
sap, succus.
sapling, arbustunu
sash, zona, balteus.
sate, satio, expleo.
sated, satur.
sauce, condio.
saucy, protervus, impro-
bus.
savage, ferus, incultus.
savageness, feritas.
save, servo, tueor ; (/>r.)
praeter.
savour, sapor.
saw, serra.
say, dico, loquor, in-
quam.
saying, dictum,
say-but-good-words, fa-
veo ore.
scabbard, vagina.
scale, ascendo; (.) libra,
lanx, squama.
scaly, squameus.
scan, scrutor.
scanty, paucus, exiguus.
sear, cicatrix.
scarce, rarus ; (adv.} vix.
scare, terreo.
scatheless, incolumis.
scatter, spargo, dissipo,
profundo.
scene, scena.
scent, odor [nares].
scented, odorus, fragrans.
scholar, discipulus.
school, ludus.
schoolboy, alumnus.
scion, surculus.
scoff, irrideo.
scold, obiurgo.
scoop, effbdio, cavo.
scorch, uro, torreo.
be-scorched, caleo.
score, noto, aro.
scorn, contemno, spemo,
dedignor ; (.) fastl-
dia (n. pi.}.
scour, limor, purgo,
lustro.
scourge, virga, flagellum ;
(v.) verbero, mulco.
scrap, fragmen, frus-
tum.
scrape, rado.
scratch, lacero.
scrawl, exaro.
scream, strepitus, ulula-
tus; (v.) strepo, ululo.
scribe, scrlba.
scribble, sen bo.
scruple, relligio.
scud, curro.
scuffle, rixa.
sculk, lateo, latito.
sculpture, sculpo.
scurf, situs, squalor.
scurfy, squalens.
scythe, falx.
sea, mare, pontus, pela-
gus, fretum, altum,
aequor, marmor ; (adj.}
marinus, aequoreus.
sea-flower, alga.
seagull, fulica.
seal, phoca, signum, si-
gillum ; (i;.) signo.
r, aduro.
search, quaero, exploro.
season, condio/; (n.} tern-
pus,
in season, tempestivus,
VOCABULARY.
217
seat, sedes, sella, sedile ;
(v.) loco.
be-seated, consido, sedeo.
seaweed, alga.
second, secundus, alter;
(v.) adsum, iuvo, ad-
iuvo.
secrecy, silentium.
secret, arcanus, secretus,
caecus.
secrete, abdo, celo, ab-
scond o.
secure, securus ; (v.) tu-
eor, defendo.
secured, tutus.
sedentary,iners, assiduus.
sedge, carex, ulva.
sedition, seditio.
seeming, species.
see, video, cerno, specto,
tueor.
see not. Use fallo with
part. ; (again} , revise ;
(to), euro, inspicio.
seek, peto, quaero, sequor.
seem, videor.
seen, vates.
seethe, aestuo.
seize, rapio, occupo.
seldom, raro.
select, egregius.
self, ipse.
sell, vendo.
senate, senatus [curia],
send, mitto, lego.
send for, arcesso.
senseless, non sanus,
amens.
sentinel, vigil.
separate, divido, separo,
disiungo ; (intr.} di-
gredior.
September, (adj.") Sep-
tember.
sepulchral, funereus.
sepulchre, sepulcrum, tu-
mulus.
sequel, exitus.
serious, gravis.
serried, densatus.
servant, servus, famulus.
serve, pr5sum, servio.
service, servitium.
set (sun), cado, occido.
set up, loco, constituo.
set out, proficiscor.
settle, pono, statuo, com-
pono.
be settled, sto.
sever, separo, abscindo.
several, multus, frequens.
severe, severus, durus,
rigidus.
sew, suo.
shabby, tritus.
shackle, vincio, illigo ;
(.) compes.
shade, umbra, tenebrae;
(z/.) obumbro.
shady, umbrosus, opacus.
shaft, telum, spiculum,
sagitta.
shaggy, horrens, hirsu-
tus.
shake, quatio, quasso,
vibro.
shake-off, excutio.
shallow, vadum.
shame, piidor, infamia.
shameful, turpis, puden-
dus.
shape, forma, figura.
share, pars; (t/.) parti-
cipo.
do-your-sar, fac pro
parte.
sharer, particeps.
shark, lupus.
sharp, acutus.
shatter, frango, effringo.
shave, tondeo, stringo.
sheaf, manipulus.
shear, tondeo.
sheath, vagina.
shed, fundo, effundo.
sheep, ovis, pecus, bidens.
sheepfold, ovile.
shelter, hospitium, tec-
turn, perfugium ; (v.)
defendo, tego, tueor.
shelving, declivis.
shepherd, pastor.
shew, monstro, sum tes-
tis, ostendo.
shew horrors, horreo.
shew out, lustro.
shield, clypeus, scutum,
parma.
shield off, defendo.
shine out, enitesco.
shine through, irradio.
shining, lucidus, splen-
didus, coruscus.
ship, navis, ratis, trire-
mis [prora, puppis,
carina).
shipwrecked, naufragus.
shiver, (tr.) collide, fran-
go ; (intr.} horreo.
shock, plaga, pulsus, ic-
tus.
be-shocked, contremo.
shoe, caliga, calceus ; (or
use] pes.
shoot, hostile, germen ;
(v.) mitto, emitto,
iaculor.
shop, taberna.
shore, ora, littus, plaga.
short, brevis, exiguus.
shorten, contraho.
shot, tormentum.
shove, trudo.
shoulder, humerus.
shout, clamo ; (.) clamor.
shout often, frequento,
clamito.
show, spectaculum.
shower, imber.
shriek, ululo ; (.) ulv;-
latus.
shrill, argutus, acutus.
shrine, fanum, adytum.
shrink, abhorreo, fugio.
218
VOCABULARY.
shrivel, contrahor.
shroud, palla.
shroud (v.), tego. celo.
shrub, friitex, virgultum.
shudder, horresco.
shun, fugio, vito.
shut, claudo, obsero.
sick, languens, aeger,
aegrotus.
sickle, falx.
sickness, morbus.
side, latus.
siege, obsidio.
sigh, susplrium ; (v.)
suspiro, gemo.
sight, visus, aspectus
[appareo].
sign, indicium, signum.
signify, significo.
silent, tacitus, silens.
keep silent, reticeo, ta-
ceo, sileo.
silk, serica (n. pi.),
silly, ineptus.
silver, argentum ; (adj.}
argcnteus.
simple, simplex.
sin, scelus, delictum ; (v.)
pecco.
since, ex quo.
sincere, apertus, sincerus.
sinews, nervi. tori.
sing, ca.no, canto, mo-
dulor.
sink, subsido, merger ;
(a.) deprimo, mergo.
sister, soror, germana.
sit, sedeo, consido.
sit next, premo.
site, situs, positus.
skiff", cymba.
skilful, doctus, peritus.
skill, ars.
skim, rado.
skin, ciitis, pellis.
skinny, horrens.
skip, exsulto.
skirt, ora.
sky, polus, coelum.
slack, laxus; (v.) laxo,
remitto.
slaughter, caedes, clades.
slay, triicido, caedo, ob-
trunco.
sleek, nitidus.
sleep, somnus, sopor ;
(v.) dormio, dormlto.
lull to sleep, sopio.
sleepless, insomnis.
sleeve, manicae (pi.),
slender, gracilis.
slide, fallo lapsus, labor.
slight, tenuis; (v.) neg-
ligo.
sling, funda.
slip, labor, effluo ; (.)
lapsus, error.
slit, findo.
sloe, splnus.
sloping, svipinus, decli-
vis.
sloth, desidia, torpor.
slow, lentus, tardus, pi-
ger.
be slow, torpeo.
slumber, somnus, quies.
slur, macula, nota.
sly, dolosus.
small, vilis, parvus, exi-
guus.
smart, nitidus.
smear, lino.
smell, nidor, odor ; (v.)
oleo, redoleo.
smile, risus ; (v.) rideo.
smite, caedo, ferio.
smith, faber.
smoke, fumus.
smoky, fumeus, fumosus.
smooth, (v.) sereno : cdmo ;
(adj.) laevis.
smuggle [abdo, celo].
snake, serpens, anguis,
coluber.
snap, crepitus, fragor ;
(v.) dissilio.
snare, insidiae, laqueus;
(v.) illaqueo.
snatch, corripio, rapio.
snip off, abscindo, re-
seco.
snore, sterto.
snow, nix ; (adj.) nivo-
sus.
so, sic, ita, tam, tantum.
soaking, blbxilus.
sobbing, singultus.
sober, sobrius.
society, convictus.
sod, cespes.
soft, moll is, tener.
soften, mollio.
soil, foedo, maciilo ; so-
lum.
solace, s5latium.
soldier, miles [eques,
ped&j.
soldiery, miles.
sole, planta.
so/eww,solemnis, gravis.
solid, solidus [vivus].
some, nescio quis, ali-
quis ; (pi.) alii, pars.
sometimes, interdum [est
ubi].
sow, filius, natus, puer.
son-in-law, gener.
song, cantus, modi, nu-
meri.
soow, mox, cito [nee
mora] .
sooner, potius [malo].
soothe, mulceo, lenio.
soothsayer, haruspex,
auspex, augur.
sorcerer, magus, saga.
sorrow, luctus, tristitia,
dolor ; (v.) doleo, lu-
geo.
sorry, tristis, moestus.
soul, anima.
sound, (adj.) integer, sa-
nus;(v.) tento; sono,
sonito.
VOCABULAR Y.
219
sound to, cieo.
sowr, acerbus [acesco].
source, fons.
southward, in medium
diem.
south wind, notus, aus-
ter.
sow, sus.
sow, sero, insero.
spade, pala, rutrum, ligo.
Spain, Hispania ; (adj.}
Hispanus, Iberus.
spare, parco, tempero.
spark, scintilla.
sparkle, splendeo, mico,
corusco.
sparrow, passer.
speak, loquor [fatur].
spear, hasta, splculum,
cuspis ; (v.) ligo.
s/>or-handle, hastile.
speck, macula, nota.
spectre, spectrum.
speech, sermo, loquella.
speed, festmo, propero.
spend, impendo, ago.
spider, aranea.
spill, profundo, effundo.
spin, neo.
spindle, fusus.
spite, llvor.
splash, aspergo.
split, (tr.) findo, diffin-
do ; (intr.~) fatisco,
dehisco.
spoil, praeda, quaestus,
spolium ; praedor,
spolio.
spoke, radius.
sport, lusus, deliciae ; (v.)
ludo.
spot, (.) locus, macula ;
(T/.) commaculo, noto.
spotted, varius.
spouse, coniux.
sprawl, iaceo [prdnus,
siipinus] .
spray (of sea), spuma.
spray (a branch), surcu-
lus.
to be spread, pateo, pan-
dor.
spread, profundo, spargo.
sprightly, lascivus, pro-
cax.
spring, cresco, subeo,
salio ; (.) ver. tem-
pora verna ; fons ; sal-
tus.
sprinkle, spargo, aspergo.
sprout, cresco, germino.
spurs, calcaria.
spurn, sperno, contemno.
spy, speculor, expl5ro.
squadron, turma, ala.
squall, vagio ; (.) va-
gitus ; turbo.
squander, effundo, ob-
sumo, dissipo,
square, agmen quadra-
turn.
squeak, stridor.
squeeze, premo, compri-
mo.
squire, armiger.
squirrel. Use mus.
stab, fodio, f igo ; (.)
vulnus.
stable, praesepe, stabu-
lum.
stack, acervus, cumulus.
staff, baculus, virga.
stag, cervus, dama.
stage, theatrum, ptilpi-
tum.
stagger, titubo.
stain, maculo, comma-
culo ; inqumo, foe-
do.
stake, palus, vallus.
stale, stabiilum.
stammer, balbutio.
stamp, imprimo.
stand, sto, adsto.
stand-out, emineo.
anrf, consisto.
standard, signum.
standard - bearer, signT-
fer.
star, sidus, astrum,
Stella.
starry, sidereus.
start, exagito, terreo.
starved, enectus, confec-
tus fkme.
station, static, locus ;
(v.) pono, statuo.
stay, mora ; fulcrum ;
(v.} moror, maneo,
permaneo.
steal, furor, rapio.
stealth, furtum [furtim,
clam].
steam, vapor.
steed, equus.
steel, chalybs.
steep, praeceps ; (v.) im-
buo.
steer, iuvencus, vitulus ;
(v.) rego, giiberno.
stem, truncus.
step, incessus, gradus.
step forth, (v.) progre-
dior.
stepfather, vitricus.
stepmother, noverca.
stepson, privignus.
stern, rigidus, torvus ;
(.) puppis.
sternness, rigor.
steward, scriba, villicus.
stick, baculus, fustis ;
(v.) haereo, cohaereo.
stiff", rigidus, tenax.
stiffen, dirigesco, rigeo.
stifle, premo, suffoco.
still, intempestus, placi-
dus ; (v.) sedo, paco.
stillness, quies.
stimulate, stimulo, ex-
cito, incendo.
sting, stimulus ; (v ) pun-
go, mordeo, criicio.
stingy, parcus, sordidus.
22O
VOCABULAR Y.
stir, agito, moveo ; (.)
tumultus.
stoat, mustela.
stock, truncus, stipes.
stone, lapis, lapillus.
stony, saxeus.
stooping, pronus, demis-
sus.
stop, corripio, teneo ;
(intr.~) sisto, cesso ;
(.) mora.
store, copia, thesaurus.
stores, condita.
storm, procella, turbo ;
(v.) expugno ; saevio.
story, nomen ; fabula.
stout, robustus.
straight, rectus.
straightway, continue.
strain, intendo.
strait, arctus, angustus ;
fretum ; (on land}, ar-
tum.
strand, littus, arena.
strange, externus, no-
vus.
stranger, ignotus, ad-
vena, hospes.
strap, lorum.
stratagem, doli.
straw, stramen, stipula ;
(adj.') stramineus.
stray, vagor.
stream, flumen, amnis.
street, tra:nes,strata (/>/.),
via.
strength, vis, vires (//.),
robur.
have-strength, valeo.
stretch, tendo.
strew, spargo, sterno.
stride, incedo.
strife, lis, iurgia (n. pl.\
strike, ferio, percussi.
string, filum, chorda.
strip, exuo, spolio.
stripe, ictus, plaga.
strong, fortis, validus.
grow strong, vigeo.
be-s/rong--enough, suffi-
cio.
struggle, reluctor.
stubble, palea.
study, meditor ; (.) stii-
dium.
stuff, refercio.
stupefy, stupefacio.
sturdy, firmus.
sty, hara.
style, appello.
subdue, vinco, domo, su-
bigo, debello.
subject, obnoxius [suus],
submit, cedo, do = manus.
succeed, succedo.
success, felicia coepta
W-
successful, felix, faustus.
succour, auxilium, opem
(ace.) ; (v.) succurro,
auxilior.
such, talis [tantum].
sudden, siibitus, impro-
visus.
suffer, patior, fero, sino.
suffuse, suffundo, inficio.
suit, convenio.
suitor, procus.
sulky, difficilis.
sully, polluo.
sum, summa.
summer, (adj.*) aestivus ;
(.) aestas, dies aes-
tivi.
summit, vertex, cacumen.
summon, voco, arcesso.
sun, sol, Phoebus.
sunbeam, iubar, radius
[orior, occido].
Sunday clothes, supplex
vestis.
sunny, apricus.
superior, melior [prae-
sto].
supersede, revoco, di-
mitto.
superstition, relligio.
supply, ministro, suppe-
dito, praebeo.
support, adsum, sublevo.
sustineo.
suppose, puto [fac].
suppress, comprimo.
supreme, summus.
sure, certus, f idelis.
surety, vas, praes.
surf, aestus.
surge, fluo, fluito, aestuo.
surmount, siipero.
sr/>me,excipio, occupo.
surprising, insolitus, mi-
rabilis.
surrender, dedo, trado.
surround, obeo, cingo.
survey, circumspicio,
lustro.
survive, supersum, su-
pero.
swain, rusticus ; procus.
swallow, hirundo, proc-
ne ; (v.~) voro, de-
voro, haurio.
swamp, palus.
swan, cycnus, olor.
swarm, examen ; (i/.)
coeo.
swarming, plurimus.
swarthy, fuscus.
sway, gero, rego.
swear, iuro, tester.
sweat, sudor.
sweep, verro.
sweet, dulcis, iucundus ;
dulcisonus.
sweetness, dulcedo.
swell, turgeo, tumeo.
swelling, turgidus.
swift, celer, rapidus, ve-
lox.
swim, nato.
swindle, fraudo, destituo.
swine, porcus.
sword, gladius, ensis
[ferrunijmucro, acies].
VOCABULARY.
221
sylvan, Silvester.
sympathy, studia (/>/.),
consensus.
symptom, indicium.
T.
table, mensa.
tablecloth, mappa.
tackle, aggredior, oc-
cupo.
tail, cauda.
taint, inficio, maculo ;
(.) macula, tabes.
take, occupo, capio,
sumo, eo in, capto.
tale, fabula.
talk, loquor, colloquor.
tall, altus, procerus.
talon, unguis.
tamarisk, myrica.
tame, cicur ; (v.) domo.
tamper with, sollicito.
tangle, implico.
tapestry, tapes.
tar, pix [cera].
tare, lolium [avena].
tarnish, inquino.
tarry, moror, demoror.
task, pen sum.
taste, mores ; sapor ;
(v.) delibo, gusto.
taunts, convicia (n. pi.),
tavern, popina.
tax, tributum.
teach, doceo.
team, iiigum.
tear, lacrima ; lacero, dl-
lanio.
tear-away, avello.
tease, vexo.
tedious hours, taedia.
teem, abundo.
tell, refero, dico, me-
moro, narro.
temper, animus.
tempest, procella, tem-
pestas.
temple, templum, aedes,
delubrum; tempora.
tempt, tento.
tend, euro.
tender, tener, mollis.
tent, praetorium (of a
general),
terrible, dirus, timendus,
metuendus.
terror, terror, timor,
pavor.
test, index ; (v.) probo.
testify, testificor.
than, quam.
thankful, gratus.
thanks, grates (/>/.).
that, ille, iste [do not use
is].
thatch, culmus.
thaw, solvo.
theatre, theatrum, scena.
theft, furtum.
thence, inde, illinc.
there, ibi, illic.
thick, densus, crassus.
thief, fur, latro.
thigh, femur.
thin, rarus, tenuis.
think, cogito, puto,
mente revolvo.
thirst, sitis.
thirsty, aridus.
thistle, carduus.
thither, illuc.
thorn, acanthus [vepres],
dumus, rubus.
though, quamvis, ut, li-
cet.
thoughtful, prudens, gra-
vis.
thoughtless, immemor,
imprudens.
threat, minae (pi.) ; (v.)
minor, minitor.
threatening, minax.
threshold, limen.
thrill, contremo, mico.
thrive, vigeo.
^roa/,fauces.guttura(/>/.)
throb, palpito.
throne, solium.
throstle, turdus.
throw (n.), iactus.
thrush, turdus.
thrust, trudo, transadigo.
thumb, pollex.
thunder, tonitrus ; (v.)
tono.
thyme, thymum.
tickle, titillo.
tide, aestus.
tie, vinculum ; (v.) ITgo,
vincio, necto.
tiers, tabulata.
tiger, tigris.
tighten, stringo.
till, (pr.) ad ; (conj.) do-
nee, dum ; (v.) colo,
excolo.
tiller, cultor, arator, ag-
ricola.
tilth, arva (pi.).
timbrel, sistrum.
time, tempus, vetustas.
take time, maturo.
tinder, fomes.
tinge, tingo.
tint, color.
tiny, pusillus.
tipsy, ebrius.
tiptoe, arrectus in digitos.
tire, fatigo, lasso.
title, titulus, nomen.
to, ad, in, tenus.
to-day, (adj.) hodiernus.
toe, digitus.
together, simul.
toil, labor ; (v.) laboro.
token, signum, index.
tolerate, patior, fero.
tomb, sepulcrum, tumu-
lus, bustum.
to-morrow, eras ; (adj.)
crastinus.
tongs, forceps.
tongue, lingua.
222
VOCABULARY.
too much, nimis; (adj.}
nimius.
tooth, dens.
top, vertex, culmen
[summus] ; (v.) su-
pero.
torch, taeda, fax.
torpid, torpidus [tor-
pesco].
torrent, torrens.
tortoise, testudo.
torture, dolor, suppli-
cium ; (v.) torqueo,
crucio.
torturer, tortor.
toss, iacto, agito.
totter, vacillo, labo.
touch, tango, tracto ;
moveo ; (.) tactus.
tough, durus, lentus.
tower, turris, arx.
town, urbs.
trace, duco ; repeto ;
(.) indicium.
track, callis, limes, ves-
tigium.
trackless, invius.
tract, regio, ora.
trade, commercia (/>/.) ;
(f.) mercor.
trail, traho ; agmen.
train, comitatus ; (v.)
educo.
traitor, proditor [perfi-
dus].
trample, proculco, ob-
tero.
tranquil, tranquillus,
quietus, placidus.
transact, ago, euro,
obeo.
transfix, figo, perfidio.
transgress, violo ; (intr.}
pecco.
transparent, sudus, liquT-
dus.
transport, transfero; ef-
fero.
trap, laqueus.
trappings, phalerae, e-
phippia.
trash, nugae.
travail, partus.
travel, eo, proficiscor.
traveller, viator.
traverse, transgredior.
treacherous, perfidus.
tread, tero, calco.
treason, proditio, spreta
fides.
treasures, gazae, opes.
treasury, gaza.
treat, gero me in, ago.
treaty, foedus.
tree, arbor, arbustum,
friitex, virgultum.
trefoil, cytisus.
tremble, tremo, trepido.
trembling, tremefactus.
trench, fossa.
tresses, crines, comae.
trial, conamen.
tribes [multus, innume-
rus, millia], turba,
grex.
trick, fraus, dolus; (v.)
decipio.
trickle, stillo.
trident, tridens
trifle, nugor, ineptio.
trim, concinnus, niti-
dus ; (v.) compono,
orno.
triumph, triumphus ;
(v.) triumpho, ovo,
gestio.
troop, grex, turma, ca-
terva.
trophy, tropaeum.
troth, fides.
be-in- trouble, laboro
trouble, dolor, cura, la-
bor; (v.) vexo, solli-
cito.
troublesome, importunus,
gravis.
trough, alveus.
truant, fugitivus, erro.
truce, induciae.
it is true, scilicet.
trumpet, tuba, lituus,
cornu.
truncheon, sceptrum.
trunk, truncus, stipes.
trust, fides; (v.} credo,
fido ; committo.
try, tento, specie, probo,
experior.
tug, torqueo, traho, ago.
tumult, tumultus, seditio.
tune, melos, modi.
tuneful, dulcisSnus.
turban, tiara, mitra.
turf, herba, cespes.
turn, verto, inverto.
in turn, ipse ; (adv.} vi-
cissim [inque vicem].
take turn, exerceo vices,
vario vices.
twig, vimen.
twine, necto.
twist, torqueo.
the two, uterque.
the two sides, utrique.
type, exemplum.
tyrant, tyrannus.
TT.
ugly, turpis, deformis.
umpire, arbiter.
unable, nescius [nequeo].
unaccustomed, insuetus,
insolitus.
unattended, incomitatus.
unavenged, inultus.
unawares, imprudens.
unbar, resero.
unbidden, iniussus [ipse,
ultro],
unbind, solvo.
unbridled, efTrenus.
uncertain, incertus, du-
bius.
VOCABULARY.
223
unceasing, assiduus.
uncivilised, barbarus, in-
cultus.
unclad, nudus.
uncle, (ma/.) avunculus;
(/>.) patruus.
unclean, sordidus,
unclouded, innubilus.
uncommon, rarus.
unconscious, nescius, im-
memor.
uncover, detego, rtego.
undaunted, impavidus
[ultro].
under, sub, infra [minor] .
undergo, subeo.
undecided, anceps.
underrate, elevo.
understand, intelligo.
undertake, capesso, sus-
cipio.
undeserved, immeritus.
undisciplined, rudis.
undo, perdo, solvo ;
(pass.') pereo.
undying, perennis.
unequal, impar.
unfailing, certus.
unfair, iniquus.
unfasten, solvo, resero,
recludo.
unfed, impastus.
unfit, ineptus.
unfix, ref Igo.
unfold, evolvo [tumes-
co].
unfortunate, infelix.
unfriendly, inimicus.
unfurl, pando, explico.
unguent, unguentum.
unhand, dimitto.
unharmed, integer.
uniform, vestis, tegmen.
union, consensus.
unite, iungo, corinecto.
unknown, ignotus.
unless, nisi.
unlike, dissimilis.
unlimited, infinitus [sine
fine].
unload, exonero, levo.
unloose, solvo, resolvo.
unlucky, infelix, in-
faustus.
unman, frango, debilito.
unmarried, coelebs, in-
nuba.
unmask, detego.
unmindful, immemor.
unnatural, impius.
unpopular, ingratns.
unpunished, inultus.
unquiet, irrequietus.
unravel, explico, expedio.
unrelenting, inexorabilis.
unripe, crudus.
unrobe, exuo.
unroll, evolvo.
unruly, indocilis, indo-
mitus.
unsay, retracto.
unseal, resigno.
unseen, invisus, caecus.
unsound, vitiosus.
unstable, inconstans.
unstained, intemeratus,
inviolatus.
unstirred, iners, lentus,
incolumis.
unstring, laxo, solvo.
unsullied, purus, integer.
unsung, indictus.
untaught, indoctus.
unthankful, ingratus.
untie, solvo.
until, dum, donee.
untimely, immaturus
[ante diem].
untiring, assiduus.
untroubled, ignavus, pla-
cidus.
untrue, falsus.
unwarlike, imbellis.
unwary, imprudens, in-
cautus.
unwell, aeger.
unworthy, indignus.
unwounded, illaesus, in-
teger, incolumis.
unyoke, solvo.
up, adversus.
upbraid, exprobro.
uphold, sustineo.
upon, super.
upright, rectus.
uproar, tumultus.
upset, everto.
urge, cieo, urgeo, in-
cito.
urge up, submitto.
urgent, vehemens.
use, usus ; (v.) utor, ad-
hibeo.
be of no use, nil valeo.
useless, irritus, vanus.
usual, solitus, consuetus.
usury, usura, foenus.
utter, (v.) edo, dico.
utterly, omnino.
V.
vacant, vacuus.
vain, vanus, irritus.
in vain, in cassum, vana
(n. pi.}, frustra.
valiant, fortis.
valid, ratus.
valley, vallis.
valour, virtus, animus.
value, pretium ; (v.)
aestimo.
valuable, pretiosus [in
pretio].
vanish, dispereo.
vanquish, domo, vinco,
debello.
vanquisher, domitor.
vapour, vapor.
various, varius, diversus.
vary, vario.
vase, vas.
vassal, cliens.
vast, vastus, ingens.
224
VOCABULAR Y.
vaunt, iacto.
vegetables, olus.
veil, velum ; (v.} velo,
obnubo.
vein, vena.
venal, venalis.
vendor, venditor.
venerable, venerabilis,
reverendus.
venerate, veneror, colo.
vengeful, ultor, ultrix.
venture, audeo ; (.) au-
sum, conatus.
verdant, viridis, virens.
be verdant, vireo, vi-
resco.
verge, margo.
vermilion, minium.
verse, versus, carmen.
vessel, vas ; navis.
vesture, velamen, amic-
tus.
vetch, vicia.
vex, affiigo, solicito.
vexation, aerumna.
vexatious, molestus, acer-
bus.
viands, cibus, victus.
vice, vitium.
victim, victima, hostia.
victor, victor, victrix.
victory, victoria [palma].
vie, certo.
view, visus, aspectus,
video, prospicio.
vigorous, vividus.
vigour, vigor, vis.
vile, vilis.
village, pagus.
villain, improbus.
vine, vltis, uva, vlnea.
vinegar, acetum.
vine-leaf, pampinus.
vine-stock, palmes.
violate, violo.
violence, vis.
violent, violentus.
violet, viola.
virgin, virgo ; (acf/.) vir-
gmeus.
virtue, virtus, pietas.
virtuous, bonus.
visage, os, vultus.
visible, videndus.
vision, visum, somnium.
visit, viso, saluto.
voice, vox.
voiceless, mutus.
void, vacuus, inanis, irri-
tus.
vomit, vomo, evomo.
vouch, tester.
vow, votum ; (v.) voveo,
devoveo.
voyage, navigo.
vulture, vultur.
"W.
wage, gero.
wager, pignus.
wages, merces.
wail, ploro, gemo.
wain, plaustrum.
waist [medius].
wait, maneo, exspecto.
wake, excito ; (m/r.) vi-
gilo, excitor.
ake
wakeful, vigil, pervigil.
walk, incedo, ingredior,
ambiilo, spatior.
wall, paries, murus.
walnut, nux.
wand, virga.
wander, vagor, erro,
palor.
wandering, vagus.
zc/aw^egestas ; (v.) careo ;
[need] egeo.
be wanting, desum; (3rd
pers.} deest.
wanton, lascivus.
war, mars, bellum ; (cry'),
tessera.
ward-off", arceo, defendo.
wares, merces (/>/.)
warm, calidus, fervidor ;
(v.} foveo.
be warm, caleo.
warmth, calor, fervor.
warn, moneo.
wary, cautus, callidus.
wash, lavo, abluo.
wasp, vespa.
waste, tero, perdo, pro-
fundo; vastus, incultus.
watch, vigilo, excubo.
water, aqua, lympha,
latex, unda, iimor ;
(v.~) rigo.
waters, fluenta.
wave, unda, fluctus.
wave, (v.} exulto ; agito,
vibro.
waver, vacillo, fluctuo.
wavy, undosus.
wax, cera ; (adj.) cereus.
waylay, insidior.
weak, vescus, invalidus,
imbecillus.
wealth, dlvitiae, opes.
wealthy, dives, locuples.
wean, lacte depello.
weapon, telum.
wear, gesto, induor ;
tero.
weariness, taedia (n.pl.\
weed, avena.
weighdown, gravo.
weight, moles.
welcome, grator, excipio.
well, egregie.
wellthinking, prudens.
wet, rigo, humecto.
what (of size), quantus,
quantulus.
wheat, ceres.
whet, exacuo.
whether at all, numquid.
whip, flagellum.
whirlwind, turbo,
whistle, sibilo.
whitehair canities.
whiz, frerno.
VOCABULARY.
225
whole, integer.
wicked, sceleratus.
widow, orba, vidua.
willy arbitrium, impe-
rium, voluntas.
willow, (adj.} salignus ;
(n.) salix.
win, pario.
wind, ventus, notus, bo-
reas, auster, aquilo,
eurus, africus.
winterstorm, hiems.
wish, voluntas, meus.
wif, ars.
witch, maga.
with. Use idem censors.
withdrawn, refusus.
withered, rugosus.
be without, careo, egeo,
desidero.
witness to, testificor.
no wonder, scilicet.
woo, capto, peto.
woolcoat, lana.
work, exerceo.
work at, laboro.
worm, bombyx.
worry, fatlgo.
worship, colo, addro,
worths, vaccinia (n. pi.}.
be worthy, dignor.
wound, laedo.
wrack, nebula.
wrestle, luctor.
writing, scripta, notae
(pl.\
be wrong, fallor.
Y.
yacht, phaselus.
yard-arm, antenna.
yarn, pilum.
yawn, dehisco, hio.
yawning, hiatus.
year, annus.
yearly, annuus [quotan-
nis].
yell, uliilo.
yellow, flavus, croceus,
luteus [flaveo].
yeoman, agrestis.
of yesterday, hesternus.
yield, cedo, succumbo.
yew,ta.xus; (adj.} taxeus.
yoke, iiigum.
young, iuvenis.
youngest, minimus.
your, iste.
youth, iuventa.
zeal, studium.
zealous, studiosus.
zephyr, zephyrus, favo-
nius.
zone, zona.
THE END.
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