Skip to main content

Full text of "Historical & descriptive account of the caricatures of James Gillray : comprising a political and humorous history of the latter part of the reign of George the Third"

See other formats 


Google 


This  is  a  digital  copy  of  a  book  that  was  preserved  for  generations  on  library  shelves  before  it  was  carefully  scanned  by  Google  as  part  of  a  project 

to  make  the  world's  books  discoverable  online. 

It  has  survived  long  enough  for  the  copyright  to  expire  and  the  book  to  enter  the  public  domain.  A  public  domain  book  is  one  that  was  never  subject 

to  copyright  or  whose  legal  copyright  term  has  expired.  Whether  a  book  is  in  the  public  domain  may  vary  country  to  country.  Public  domain  books 

are  our  gateways  to  the  past,  representing  a  wealth  of  history,  culture  and  knowledge  that's  often  difficult  to  discover. 

Marks,  notations  and  other  maiginalia  present  in  the  original  volume  will  appear  in  this  file  -  a  reminder  of  this  book's  long  journey  from  the 

publisher  to  a  library  and  finally  to  you. 

Usage  guidelines 

Google  is  proud  to  partner  with  libraries  to  digitize  public  domain  materials  and  make  them  widely  accessible.  Public  domain  books  belong  to  the 
public  and  we  are  merely  their  custodians.  Nevertheless,  this  work  is  expensive,  so  in  order  to  keep  providing  tliis  resource,  we  liave  taken  steps  to 
prevent  abuse  by  commercial  parties,  including  placing  technical  restrictions  on  automated  querying. 
We  also  ask  that  you: 

+  Make  non-commercial  use  of  the  files  We  designed  Google  Book  Search  for  use  by  individuals,  and  we  request  that  you  use  these  files  for 
personal,  non-commercial  purposes. 

+  Refrain  fivm  automated  querying  Do  not  send  automated  queries  of  any  sort  to  Google's  system:  If  you  are  conducting  research  on  machine 
translation,  optical  character  recognition  or  other  areas  where  access  to  a  large  amount  of  text  is  helpful,  please  contact  us.  We  encourage  the 
use  of  public  domain  materials  for  these  purposes  and  may  be  able  to  help. 

+  Maintain  attributionTht  GoogXt  "watermark"  you  see  on  each  file  is  essential  for  in  forming  people  about  this  project  and  helping  them  find 
additional  materials  through  Google  Book  Search.  Please  do  not  remove  it. 

+  Keep  it  legal  Whatever  your  use,  remember  that  you  are  responsible  for  ensuring  that  what  you  are  doing  is  legal.  Do  not  assume  that  just 
because  we  believe  a  book  is  in  the  public  domain  for  users  in  the  United  States,  that  the  work  is  also  in  the  public  domain  for  users  in  other 
countries.  Whether  a  book  is  still  in  copyright  varies  from  country  to  country,  and  we  can't  offer  guidance  on  whether  any  specific  use  of 
any  specific  book  is  allowed.  Please  do  not  assume  that  a  book's  appearance  in  Google  Book  Search  means  it  can  be  used  in  any  manner 
anywhere  in  the  world.  Copyright  infringement  liabili^  can  be  quite  severe. 

About  Google  Book  Search 

Google's  mission  is  to  organize  the  world's  information  and  to  make  it  universally  accessible  and  useful.   Google  Book  Search  helps  readers 
discover  the  world's  books  while  helping  authors  and  publishers  reach  new  audiences.  You  can  search  through  the  full  text  of  this  book  on  the  web 

at|http: //books  .google  .com/I 


^tOMKTT    OP 


Uihmitvif 


•    ''^         ^ 


t|«7 

h\X%%     tOIENTlA      VklLl 


o^c^J2/ 


HISTORICAL   AND    DESCRIPTIVE 


ACCOUNT 


or  THl 


CARICATURES 


or 


JAMES  GILLRAY, 


GOMPBISINO 

A   POLITICAL   AND   HUMOROUS    HISTORY   OP 

THE  LATTER  PART  OP  THE  REIGN  OF 

GEORGE  THE  THIRD. 


BT 

THOMAS    WRIGHT,    ESQ.,    F.S.A, 


9- 

▲KD 


R.   H.   EVANS,   ESQ. 


LONDON: 
HENRT    a.   BOHN,   TORK   STREET,   COVBNT    GARDEN. 

1851. 


•G-s 


I 


LIFE    OF    GILLRAY. 

(Extracted  from  the  sketch  given  in  Stomley^s  new  edition  oj 
*  Bryan'«  Dictiontury  of  the  PcUnters,) 


\ 


James  Gillray,  the  most  eminent  of  English  carica- 
turists, was  born  in  1757.  His  father,  James  Gillray, 
who  was  bom  at  Lanark,  in  Scotland,  September  3, 1720, 
entered  the  army,  and  was  present  at  the  battle  of 
Fontenoy,  where  he  lost  an  arm.  On  his  return  to  Eng- 
land, he  became  an  out-pensioner  of  Chelsea  Hospital, 
and  filled  the  office  of  sexton  to  the  Moravian  burying- 
ground  at  Chelsea  for  forty  years,  and  was  buried  there  in 
1799.  Like  the  illustrious  Hogarth,  and  the  celebrated 
engraver  Sharp,  young  Gillray  began  his  career  as  a  letter 
engraver,  but  we  have  been  unable  to  meet  with  any 
specimens  of  his  work  in  that  department. 

Being  disgusted  with  this  monotonous  occupation,  he 
ran  away  from  his  employer,  joined  a  company  of  strolling 
players,  and,  after  undergoing  the  various  hardships  which 
this  course  of  life  invariably  entails  upon  its  followers, 
returned  to  London,  and  became  a  student  of  the  Boyal 
Academy,  where  he  most  energetically  pursued  his  studies 
in  the  art  of  design.  That  he  must  have  attained  consider- 
able proficiency  is  evident  from  several  plates  which  he 
engraved  after  his  own  designs,  particularly  two  subjects 
from  Goldsmith's  Deserted  Village,"  inscribed  "The 
Village  Train,''  and  '^  The  Deserted  Village,  published  in 
1784.  These  are  designed  with  great  freedom  and  pic- 
turesque efiect,  and  have  some  resemblance  to  the  earlier 
works  of  Stotbard.     They  are  exceedingly  well  engraved 


VI  LIFE   OF   GILLRAY. 

in  the  dotted  manner,  and  though  we  are  not  acquainted 
with  the  name  of  his  instructor  they  so  much  resemble 
the  works  of  the  unfortunate  Byland,  that  we  have  little 
hesitation  in  asserting  that  he  must  have  communicated 
his  art  to  Gillray.  Among  other  works  of  this  class,  and 
executed  about  the  same  time,  are  two  portraits  of  William 
Pitt ;  which,  though  admirable  representations  of  the  man^ 
are  nevertheless  somewhat  approaching  to  caricature.  He 
also  engraved  a  few  plates  after  Lady  Spencer's  drawings, 
and,  either  for  the  purpose  of  amusement  or  mystification, 
occasionally  adopted  fictitious  names.  On  many  of  his 
earlier  caricatures,  he  made  use  of  a  monogram  composed 
of  the  letters  J.  S.  interlaced,  very  much  resembling  that 
used  by  Sayer  the  caricaturist,  probably  with  the  intention 
^of  misleading  the  public  as  to  the  real  designer. 

Gillray  appears  to  have  continued  working  as  an 
engraver  long  ailer  his  career  as  a  caricaturist  had  com- 
menced, as,  in  1792,  he  produced  a  large  plate  after 
Northcote,  representing  the  delivery  of  the  prisoners  from 
the  Bastille,  inscribed,  ^^  Le  Triomphe  de  la  Libert^,  ou, 
L'elargissement  de  la  Bastille/'  and  in  1794,  *^  Marquis 
Comwallis  receiving  the  Boyal  Hostages  at  Seringapatam,'' 
after  the  same  painter :  probably  the  last  of  his  produc- 
tions of  this  description. 

Admirable  as  are  many  of  these  works,  it  is  as  a  caricatur- 
ist that  Gillray  isbest  known.  Inthisarthehasnorival;  and 
the  exquisite  tact  with  which  he  seized  upon  points, both  in 
politics  and  manners,  most  open  to  ridicule,  is  only  equalled 
by  the  consummate  skill  and  wit  with  which  he  satirized 
them.  His  earlier  works  are  moi*e  carefully  than  spiritedly 
executed,  and  look  like  the  productions  of  an  engraver  only. 
The  earliest  of  his  undoubted  caricatures,  though  many 
others  antecedent  have  been  with  groat  reason  attributed 


LITE  OF  OILLBiLY*  Yll 

to  him,  is  dated  1779 ;  it  is  probably  a  satire  on  the  Irish 
Fortune-hunter,  and  is  called  *'  Paddy  on  Horseback/'  the 
so-called  horse  being  a  hull,  on  which  he  is  riding  with  his 
face  to  the  tail.  But  his  improyement  was  rapid  and  ex- 
traordinary, and  he  soon  attained  a  marvellous  freedom 
both  of  design  and  in  the  management  of  the  etching 
needle.  It  is  believed  he  etched  his  ideas  at  once  upon 
the  copper  without  making  a  previous  drawing,  his  only 
guides  being  sketches  of  the  distinguished  characters  he 
intended  to  introduce  made  on  small  pieces  of  card  which 
he  always  carried  about  him,  and  many  of  which  we  have 
seen.  His  caricatures  are  so  numerous  that  it  would  be 
quite  impossible  to  give  any  thing  like  a  list  of  them  in 
this  sketch ;  we  shall,  therefore,  merely  notice  a  few  of 
the  more  important,  arranging  them  according  to  the 
dates  at  which  they  appeared. 

A  New  Way  to  pay  the  National  Debt.  George  IIL  and  his 
queen  are  coming  out  of  the  Treasury  loaded  with  money, 
which  is  overflowing  their  pockets;  on  the  right  is  the 
Prince  of  Wales  in  a  very  shabby  condition,  gratefully 
receiving  money  from  the  Due  d' Orleans.   April  21, 1786. 

Ancient  Music,  A  capital  caricature  of  the  king  and  queen 
in  ecstasy  at  a  concert  performed  by  the  Ministers.  May 
10, 1787. 

Monstrous  Craws  ;  a  powerful  satire  on  the  grasping  avarice 
of  George  HI.  and  Queen  Charlotte.    May  28, 1787. 

March  to  the  Bank.  A  capital  etching,  executed  in  the  most 
masterly  style.  August  22,  1787.  There  are  two  states 
of  this  plate ;  in  the  first,  the  female  who  is  thrown  down 
in  front  has  less  drapery. 

Market  Day.  Lord  Thurlow,  as  a  grazier,  is  attending 
Smithfleld  Market,  and  examining  the  beasts,  the  heads 
of  which  represent  the  leading  political  characters  of  the 
day.    May  2, 1788. 


Vm  LIFE  OF  OILLfiA.Y. 

Election  troopg  bringing  in  their  Accounte  to  the  Fay  Table; 
J.  Oillrag,  invt.  et  fecit,  1788.    A  satire  on  the  means 
employed  by  ministers,  unsuccessfully  however,  to  frus- 
trate the  election  of  Fox  for  Westminster.    This  we 
believe  is  the  first  caricature  on  which  the  name  of  Gillray 
appears. 
Frying  Sprats : — Toasting  Mvffins.     1791.    Two  small  but 
very  clever  caricatures  on  the  parsimonious  habits  of 
George  III.  and  his  queen.     In  the  first  the  queen  is 
represented  carefully  frying  her  own  sprats ;  and  in  the 
second  the  king  is  in  the  full  enjoyment  of  toasting  his 
own  muffins. 
Anti'Saccharites,  or  John  Bull  and  his  Family  leaving  off  the 
use  of  Sugar,  1792.  The  king  and  queen,  from  economical 
motives,  are  enjoying  and  praising  their  tea  without  sugar, 
while  the  princesses  are  evidently  very  much  di^(gu8ted, 
and  take  no  pains  to  conceal  it.    The  royal  family,  it  is 
said,  were  highly  delighted  with  this  caricature. 
A  Connoisseur  examining  a  Cooper.    A  very  bold  and  happy 
idea,  capitally  carried  out.     George  ILL  is  represented 
almost  purblind  looking  with  great  attention  at  a  minia- 
ture of  Oliver  Cromwell,  which  he  holds  in  one  hand,  and 
has  a  candle  in  the  other.     The  bitterness  of  this  satire 
was  occasioned  by  the  disparaging  observations  the  king 
made  on  the  portraits  Gillray  had  sketched  during  his 
tour  in  Planders  with  Louthcrbourg.    The  king  had  said, 
"  I  don't  understand  these  caricatures."     The  exasperated 
artist  made  this  drawing,  and  said,  "  I  wonder  if  the  royal 
connoisseur  will  understand  this  ?" 
Temperance  enjoying  a  frugal  Meal,  and  A  Voluptuary  under 
the  Horrors  of  Digestion.     1792.     Two  most  admirable 
productions,  unsurpassed  either  in  humour,  design,  or 
execution.    The  temperate  habits  of  George  III.  in  the 
former,  and  the  Epicurean  manners  of  the  Prince  of 
Wales  in  the  latter,  are  portrayed  with  the  most  con- 
summate ability. 
Bengal  Levee,  from  an  original  drawing  made  on  the  spot 
by  an  amateur.   1792.    A  very  large  and  skUfully  executed 
plate.      ' 


LTFE  OF  aiLLBAY.  IX 

The  Dagger  Scene,  or  the  Flot  discovered.  1792.  The  capital 
representation  of  a  well-known  scene  in  the  House  of 
Commons,  in  which  Edmund  Burke  was  the  chief  per- 
former. 

Fatigues  of  tJie  Campaign  in  Flanders.  1793.  The  Duke  of 
York  luxuriating  in  the  company  of  the  Flemish  frows, 
attended  bj  his  soldiers,  who  are  bringing  in  large  bowls 
of  punch. 

The  Loyal  Toast  1798.  The  Duke  of  Norfolk  giving  his 
celebrated  toast,  "  The  majesty  of  the  people,"  at  the 
Crown  and  Anchor  Tavern,  for  which  he  was  dismissed 
from  his  offices. 

The  consequences  of  a  successful  French  Invasion  ;  a  set  of 
four  plates,  in  which  the  horrors  to  be  expected  are  given 
with  extraordinary  spirit.  No  doubt  these  and  other 
similar  caricatures  produced  a  great  and  powerful  effect 
on  the  minds  of  the  English  public,  inspiring  the  people 
to  a  determined  resistance. 

The  Cow-pock,  or  the  wonderful  effects  of  the  new  Inoculation. 
A  very  humorous  burlesque  on  the  popular  opinions 
respecting  Jenner*8  invaluable  discovery. 

L^Assemhlee  Nationale,  or  a  grand  co-operative  Meeting  at 
St.  Anne*s  Hilly  (the  residence  of  Charles  James  Fox,) 
respectfully  dedicated  to  the  admirers  of  a  Broad-Bottom* d 
Administration.  1801.  This  we  have  no  hesitation  in 
asserting  to  be  the  most  talented  caricature  that  has  ever 
appeared.  The  king  is  supposed  to  have  been  executed, 
the  republic  proclaimed,  and  Fox,  as  first  consul,  is 
holding  his  ievee  at  his  house  at  St.  Anne's  Hill.  All  the 
leading  Whigs  are  present,  of  whom  the  likenesses  are 
most  admirable,  and  in  the  right  comer  is  seen  a  portion 
of  the  figure  of  the  Prince  of  "Wales.  This  caricature 
gave  so  much  offence  to  the  prince  that  he  offered  a  large 
sum  of  money  for  its  suppression,  which  being  accepted, 
he  ordered  the  plate  to  be  destroyed.  It  was  the  misfor- 
tune of  the  prince  and  those  by  whom  he  was  surrounded 
to  place  reliance  on  each  other;  the  plate  was  not  de- 
stroyed, it  was  secreted,  and  still  exists.  It  will  be  found 
in  the  collection  published  by  Mr.  Bohn. 


X  LIFE  OP  GILLBAT. 

The  King  of  Brobdingnag  (sic)  and  Gulliver  (George  III. 

and  Buonaparte) ;  two  plates.     1803  and  1804i. 
The  Middlesex  Election,  1801.    Sir  Francis  Burdett  dragged 

in  his  carriage  to  the  poll  bj  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  Charles 

Fox,  and  other  leading  Whigs. 
The  Reconciliation  between  Oeorge  III.  and  the  Prince  of 

WaleSy  1804.     Admirably  treated. 
The  Life  of  William  Cohhett,  written  by  himself;  eight 

satirical  plates.     1809. 
Installation  of  the  Chancellor  of  Oxford,  (Lord  Orenville,) 

Aug.  8, 1810 ;  a  large  plate,  and  the  last  political  engrav- 
ing having  bis  name. 
Other   pieces   not   of  a   political   nature^  but  full  of 
humour^  and  sometimes  severely  satirical  on  the  fashion- 
able friyolities  of  the  time,  wherein  he  did  not  spare  the 
persons  of  the  prime  leaders  of  the  ton,  may  be  added : 

A  PiC'Nie  Orchestra,  in  which  are  introduced  the  portraits 

of  the  Marchioness  of  Buckinghamshire  and  Salisbury, 

Lord  Cholmondeley,  Charles  Grenville,  &c. 
Dilettanti  Theatricals,  in  which  the  same   characters  are 

introduced. 
Slowing  up  the  Pic-Nics ;    the  same  parties  assailed  by 

Sheridan  in  the  character  of  Harlequin,  assisted  by  Mrs. 

Siddons  and  John  Kemble. 
The  Bulstrode  Siren,     Mrs.  Billington  and  the  Duke   of 

Portland. 
Fush'pin.    Duke  of  Queensberry  and  Miss  Vanneck. 
Portraits  innumerable  of  leaders  of  the  fashions  then  in 

vogue,  both  males  and  females,  with  whose  names  the 

editor  has  been  made  acquainted,  but  which  had  better 

be  consigned  to  oblivion. 
Twopenny  Whist.     The  party  consists  of  Betty  Marshall, 

the   assistant  to   Mrs.  Humphreys,    Mrs.  Ti/mer,   Mr. 

Mortimer,  and  a  German  of  the  name  of  Schotter.    Betty 

Marshall  is  showing  the  trump  card. 
Cockney  Sportsmen,  in  four  plates  ;  1800. 
Elements  of  Skating,  in  four  plates  ;  1805. 
Bakers  Progress  at  the  University,  five  plates ;  1806. 


LIFE   OF  GILLBiLY.  XI 

The  last  plate  from  the  burin  of  Gillray  is,  A  Barber^s 
Shop  in  Assize  thne;  it  is  dated  May  15,  1818,  but  was 
probably  engraved  January  9th,  1811,  the  date  figured  iu 
the  comer.     It  is  from  a  drawing  by  Bunbury. 

Gillray 's  works  have  been  always  highly  esteemed ;  some 
time  since  they  were  produced  in  a  collected  form,  and 
have  lately  passed  into  the  hands  of  Mr.  H.  G.  Bohn,  by 
whom  they  have  been  republished  at  a  price  that  renders 
them  generally  attainable. 

Gillray  was  unfortunately  an  example  of  the  imprudence 
that  so  frequently  accompanies  genius  and  great  talent-^ 
his  habits  were  in  the  highest  degree  intemperate.  For 
many  years  he  resided  in  the  houses  of  his  publisher 
Mrs.  Humphrey,  in  New  and  Old  Bond  Streets,  and 
lastly,  in  St.  James's  Street,  by  whom  he  was  most 
liberally  supplied  with  every  indulgence.  During  this  time 
he  produced  nearly  all  his  most  celebrated  works,  which 
were  bought  up  with  unparalleled  eagerness,  and  circulated 
not  only  throughout  England,  but  all  over  Europe.  Though 
under  a  positive  engagement  not  to  work  for  any  other 
publisher,  yet,  to  satisfy  his  insatiable  desire  for  strong 
drink,  he  now  and  then  etched  plates  for  Mr.  Pores  of  Pic- 
cadilly, disguising,  in  some  instances  very  successfully,  both 
his  style  and  handling.  It  has  been  whispered  that  there 
was  a  liaison  between  Gillray  and  Mrs.  Humphrey  not 
essential  to  their  relation  as  designer  and  publisher ;  it 
is  due  to  the  memory  of  the  lady  to  contradict  that 
slander ;  such  a  liaison  did  not  exist.  The  writer  asserts 
this  from  information  derived  from  persons  of  the  strictest 
morals,  who  were  intimately  acquainted  with  Mrs.  Hum- 
phrey for  more  than  thirty  years,  and  at  whose  family 
table  Gillray  and  Mrs.  Humphrey  dined  on  Christmas  day 
regularly  for  more  than  the  last  twenty  years  of  his  life, 
previous  to  his  insanity. 


Xll  LIFE   OF  OILLEAY, 

It  has  been  before  observed  that  the  last  of  his  works 
is  dated  1811 ;  soon  after  this  he  sank  into  a  state  of 
mingled  imbecility  and  delirium,  and  once  during  a 
paroxysm  attempted  self-destruction,  by  throwing  himself 
from  an  upper  window  of  the  house  in  St.  James's  Street, 
a  fact  which  the  writer  of  this  perfectly  well  remem- 
bers, as  he  happened  to  be  passing  at  the  time,  and 
witnessed  the  struggle  between  Gillray  and  the  parties  who 
prevented  him.  He  at  length  expired  in  1815,  and  was 
buried  in  the  churchyard  of  St.  James,  Piccadilly,  near  to 
the  Rectory  House.  A  flat  stone  is  placed  over  his  grave, 
on  which  is  inscribed,  "  In  Memory  of  Mr.  James  Gillray 
the  Caricaturist,  who  departed  this  life  1st  June,  1815, 
aged  58  years.*' 

There  exists  a  specimen  of  his  knowledge  of  the  art  of 
lithography.  It  represents  a  Domestic  Musical  Party ;  tho 
mother  is  playing  on  the  piano-forte,  the  husband  stands 
behind  her  playing  the  flute,  the  children  are  singing.  It 
exhibits  considerable  ability,  and  is  excessively  rare ;  only 
one  impression  has  come  under  my  notice.  He  engraved 
on  wood  a  medallion  portrait  of  William  Pitt,  placed 
against  a  rustic  monument  overshadowed  by  tho  branches 
of  an  oak,  with  an  anchor  and  other  emblems  at  bottom. 
(See  vignette  on  the  title-page  of  the  folio  volume.)  He 
also  engraved  a  few  small  woodcuts,  among  which  are, 
A  Woman  Crying  Fish,  A  Boy  near  a  Cottage  drinking, 
and  A  Beggar  at  a  Door.  Of  these  last,  the  only  impres- 
sions we  have  seen  are  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  Haviland 
Burke. 

GEORGE  STANLEY. 


PREFACPL 


The  history  of  Gillray's  Caricatures,  affords  a  remarkable 
instance  of  the  vicissitudes  of  literary  property.  The  En- 
gravings to  which  the  present  volume  forms  a  descriptive 
accompaniment,  belonged,  for  the  most  part,  to  the  late 
Mrs.  Humphrey,  the  well-known  publisher  of  Caricatures 
in  St.  James's  Street.  For  many  years  they  produced  her 
a  considerable  income,  and  were  accordingly  valued  at  a 
large  sum — several  thousand  pounds.  When  the  trade 
in  them  began  somewhat  to  decUne,  Mrs.  Humphrey  had 
occasion  to  raise  money,  and  obtained  a  loan  of  upwards  of 
a  thousand  pounds  upon  a  deposit  of  the  coppers.  After 
vainly  endeavouring  for  some  years  to  sell  these  for  suffi- 
cient to  cover  principal  and  interest,  with  a  residue  to 
herself,  she  put  them  up  to  auction,  but  bought  them  in 
for  want  of  a  sufficient  bidding.  Subsequently,  she  offered 
them,  with  consent  of  the  lien-holder,  to  the  present 
Publisher  for  eight  hundred  pounds,  and  actually  refused 
five  hundred.  After  the  lapse  of  about  three  years  she 
would  have  accepted  the  five  hundred,  or  even  less,  but 
the  time  having  then  passed  for  expensive  publications  as 
a  judicious  investment,  the  Publisher  declined  any  further 
ncgociation,  and  the  coppers  remained  iv  statu  quo  till  the 
day  of  her  death.  The  executors,  probably  not  aware  of 
what  had  passed,  and  unable  to  meet  with  a  purchaser  at 
the  value  of  engravings,  sold  them  for  old  copper,  that  is, 
for  about  as  many  shillings  as  Mrs.  Humphrey  had  once 


XIV  FBEFACE. 

ref  ased  pounds.  By  mere  accident  the  Publisher  heard 
of  this  transaction  just  in  time  to  rescue  them  from  the 
melting  pot^  and  the  public  in  consequence  are  now  pre- 
sented, for  a  few  guineas,  with  a  volume,  which,  under 
ordinary  circumstances,  would  have  cost  four  or  five  timea 
as  much. 

Upon  obtaining  possession  of  these  coppers,  the  Pub- 
lisher made  diligent  search  for  those  which  he  found  to 
be  missing,  and  discovered  a  considerable  number  in  dif- 
ferent places,  but  principally  with  Mr.  Fores  of  Piccadilly. 
Among  these  were  those  capital  and  highly  finished 
compositions,  "The  National  Debt,*'  "Ancient  Music,'' 
"  Monstrous  Craws,"  "  March  to  the  Bank,"  "  Wife  and 
no  Wife,"  "  The  Morning  after  Marriage,"  "  Hopes  of 
the  Party,"  &c.  After  collecting  together  whatever 
plates  he  could  meet  with,  the  Publisher  proceeded  to 
arrange  them  in  two  divisions — the  one  Political, 
the  other  Humorous — each  according  to  the  date  of 
publication.  He  then  wrote  out  their  respective  titles, 
and  identified  the  characters  as  far  as  his  own  knowledge 
and  the  information  he  could  gain  permitted^  and  with  the 
MS.  thus  &r  prepared,  sought  an  editor. 

Mr.  Wright,  who  had  just  then  published  his  "  History 
of  the  House  of  Hanover,  illustrated  by  Caricatures," 
kindly  undertook  the  task,  and  is  responsible  for  the 
embryo  of  most  of  the  articles.  His  numerous  avocations 
however  rendering  it  impossible  for  him  to  carry  out  the 
labour  of  investigation  to  its  full  extent,  Mr.  B.  H.  Evans, 
long  known  as  a  bibliopole  of  high  attainments,  as  well  as 
for  his  energetic  advocacy  of  political  liberty  and  familiar 
knowledge  of  all  that  concerns  the  history  of  the  Whig 
party,  consented  to  lend  his  valuable  aid.  To  this  gen- 
tleman we  are  accordingly  indebted  for  some  very  inter- 


PREFACE.  XV 

eating  articles^  especially  those  relating  to  Fox,  Sheridan, 
Lord  Holland,  the  Duke  of  Bedford,  Duke  of  Norfolk, 
Grattan,  Tiemey,  &c.  &c.  Besides  these,  he  has  very 
successfully  elucidated  the  plates  relating  to  Boydell, 
the  Ireland  forgeries,  the  Gunnings,  Lord  Petre's  dinner, 
&c.  Among  his  more  important  contributions,  the  follow- 
ing deserve  particular  mention :  Nos.  6,  96, 139,  154,  161, 
164,  173,  174,  182,  195,  198,  199,  201,  202,  207,  214, 
245, 253, 256, 259,  269,  293,  303,  305, 319, 329,  331,  335, 
343, 349, 351,  352,  356,  366,  368,  377, 378,  380,  382,  385, 
394,  441. 

Independent  of  the  labours  of  his  editors,  the  Publisher 
has  taken  every  opportunity  of  consulting  those  who  were 
likely  to  be  versed  in  the  political  and  social  history  of 
the  period,  or  were  collectors  of  Gillray's  engravings ;  and 
he  has  to  thank  his  friend  Mr.  Wm.  Smith  the  well  known 
connoisseur  of  etchings,  Mr.  Haviland  Burke,  and  Mr. 
Hawkins  of  the  British  Museum,  all  enthusiastic  admirers 
and  collectors  of  Gillray's  Works,  for  several  valuable 
communications. 

H.  G.  B. 


DESCRIPTION 

or 

GILLRAY'S     CARICATURES, 


POLITICAL  SERIES.— Plates  1  to  366. 


1. 

PADDY  ON  HORSEBACK.         ^        Ma/rch  4th,  1779. 

During  the  year  1779,  the  trade  of  the  Irish  merchants 
was  in  a  very  depressed  state,  owing  partly  to  the 
American  war,  and  an  outcry  was  raised  for  new  com- 
mercial regulations  for  the  relief  of  the  sister  island.  The 
Irish,  indeed,  seemed  inclined  to  imitate  the  proceedings 
of  the  merchants  of  Boston.  The  consequence  was,  that 
the  question  of  relief  for  Ireland  was  very  much  agitated 
in  England.  This  early  production  of  Gillray  seems  to 
refer  partly  to  the  question  thus  agitated,  and  to  the 
popular  notion  then  prevalent  that  the  Irish  came  into 
England  as  successful  fortune-hunters,  and  that  they  were 
well  received  among  the  ladies. 

2. 
BANCO  TO  THE  KNAVE.  April  12th,  1782. 

WILKES.  NORTH  (m  the  centre).    Uockingham.  rox.  keppel. 

DUNKING.  duke   of   RICHMOND.         SIR  OBEY  COOPER. 

LORD  CHANCELLOR  THURLOW. 

On  the  defeat  of  Lord  North,  and  the  formation  of  the 
Rockingham  Administration  at  the  end  of  March,  1782, 
Fox  IS  very  evidently  the  gainer  at  this  political  game, 

y^^  1 


OILLRAY's  CABICATUBEd. 


while  Lord  North  is  completely  bankrupt.  The  ex- 
premier  was  subject  to  a  constitutional  somnolency,  which 
attacked  him  even  on  the  Treasury  Bench  with  irresistible 
force,  and  which  neither  the  animated  declamations  of 
Fox,  nor  the  pathetic  invocations  of  Burke  could  always 
prevent.  He  seldom  or  never  took  notes,  trusting  to  his 
memory  for  retaining  the  principal  facts  which  occurred 
during  the  preceding  discussion.  Sir  Grey  Cooper,  how- 
ever, one  of  the  Secretaries  of  the  Treasury,  who  com- 
monly sat  on  his  left  hand,  supplied  on  particular  occasions 
that  deficiency,  by  giving  the  word  or  subject,  ^Hhe  Parole." 
Gillray  has  here  bestowed  upon  him  the  sobriquet  of 
Parole.  The  despair  depicted  on  the  features  of  the 
master  is  reflected  on  those  of  his  dejected  follower,  who 
appears  to  be  sunk  in  despondency  at  the  loss  of  his  occu- 
pation. Sir  Grey  Cooper  is  represented  as  saying,  ''  I 
want  a  new  master,'^  and  he  got  one  the  next  year,  when 
the  Coalition  Ministry  was  arranged,  being  appointed  one 
of  the  Lords  of  the  Treasury  by  the  influence  of  Lord 
North.  Lord  Chancellor  Thurlow,  who  retained  his  oflSco 
in  both  Administrations,  is  supposed  to  be  the  ^' shuffler  ^^ 
seated  with  his  back  to  the  spectator.  It  is  difficult  at 
this  distant  period  to  identify  the  other  characters,  but  no 
doubt  they  represent  the  leading  politicians  of  the  day. 

3. 
RODNEY  INTRODUCING  DE  GRASSE. 

June  7th,  1782. 

DE  GBASSE.  ADM.  BODNET.  FOX.  QEOBGE  III.  ADM.  EEPPEL. 

Rodney's  great  naval  victory  of  the  12th  of  August, 
1782,  in  which  the  French  Admiral  De  Graase  was  taken 
prisoner  and  brought  to  England,  occurred  just  at  the 
moment  of  a  change  of  Ministry.  The  Whigs,  while  out, 
had  attacked  bitterly  the  management  of  the  Admiralty 
under  Lord  Sandwich,  whose  place,  on  the  resignation  of 
the  Tories,  was  given  to  the  Whig  Admiral  Keppel.    The 


FOUTICAL  SERIES.  3 

first  act  of  the  Whig  Administration  was  to  recall  Bodney, 
and  the  order  for  his  recall  had  departed  from  the  British 
shores  when  the  news  of  this  victory  arrived.  The  victor 
was  rewarded  with  a  very  moderate  pension^  and  the 
lowest  peerage^  a  barony,  bnt  he  was  deprived  of  the 
command  of  the  fleet.  Fox  and  Keppel,  on  each  side  of 
the  throne,  here  shew  their  embarrassment  at  the  nnfor- 
tunate  occnrrence  of  Rodne/s  victory. 

4. 
ST.  GEORGE  AND  THE  DRAGON.     June  \Zth,  1782. 

POX.  BODNEY. 

The  allusions  are  the  same  as  in  the  preceding  plate. 
Fox's  haste  to  i*eward  the  victorious  admiral  is  a  happy 
burlesque.  The  di-agon  (France)  is  disgorging  frogs  (the 
diet  for  which  our  neighbours  were  then  famed),  compelled 
by  the  new  St.  George  (Admiral  Oeorge  Rodney). 

5. 
THE  CHURCH  MILITANT.  Sept.  5th,  1779. 

The  allusion  appears  to  be  the  zeal  shewn  by  the  Church 
in  supporting  the  Government  in  the  war  against  the 
American  colonies,  and  in  the  new  war  against  Spain, 
which  broke  out  in  the  autumn  of  1779.  Comwallis  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  Markham  Archbishop  of  York,  and 
Butler  Bishop  of  Oxford,  all  political  partizans  of  Lord 
North,  are  probably  among  these  clerical  warriors. 

Horace  Walpole,  in  a  letter  dated  rather  earlier,  writes : 
— "  Our  Abbots  and  Whitgift«  now  see  with  what  suc- 
cesses and  consequences  their  preaching  up  a  crusade 
against  America  has  been  crowned !  Archbishop  Mark- 
ham  may  have  an  opportunity  of  exercising  his  martial 
prowess,  I  doubt  he  would  resemble  Bishop  Crewe  more 
than  good  Mr.  Baker.  Let  us  respect  those  only  who  are 
Israelites  indeed.*' 

1  ♦ 


^M 


4  aiLLRAY^S   CARICATUKE8. 

6. 

IRISH  GRATITUDE.  June  13/A,  1782. 

QRATTAN.      E.  s.  PEBBT  (Speaker  of  the  Irish  House  of 

Commons). 

In  1782,  on  the  81st  of  May,  the  Irish  Parliament 
Voted  the  sum  of  £50,000  for  purchasing  an  estate,  and 
erecting  a  mansion  thereon,  to  be  settled  on  Grattan,  and 
his  heirs,  as  a  reward  for  his  exertions  in  the  cause  of 
Irish  independence. 

The  circumstances  attending  this  Parliamentary  grant 
to  the  Right  Hon.  Henry  Grattan  were  so  extraordinary 
and  unprecedented  in  the  annals  of  our  history,  that  wo 
shall  give  a  rapid  sketch  of  the  events  that  preceded  and 
produced  it. 

In  the  year  1780,  the  resources  of  Great  Britain  seemed 
nearly  exhausted  by  the  long  and  unsuccessful  war  with 
America  and  France.  Spain  and  Holland  had  recently 
joined  her  enemies.  To  crown  her  embarrassments,  the 
armed  neutrality  of  the  Northern  Powers  of  Europe  was 
announced,  which  was  little  less  than  war  in  disguise. 
The  invasion  of  Ireland  was  menaced. 

At  this  crisis  was  formed  the  celebrated  body  of  Irish 
Volunteers,  consisting  of  many  of  the  nobility,  persons  of 
the  largest  landed  property,  merchants  and  tradesmen  of 
Ireland.  Their  avowed  object,  at  first,  was  to  guard  against 
the  dangers  of  foreign  invasion.  It  soon,  however,  became 
evident,  that  the  Volunteers  constituted  an  armed  delibe- 
rative body,  which  it  was  almost  impossible  to  control,  and 
dangerous  to  disband.  The  peril  was  greatly  increased 
by  their  invitations  to  all  parts  of  the  country  to  reinforce 
them  with  delegates.  Even  Ulster,  the  loyal  and  peaceable 
Ulster,  furnished  its  quota.  Lord  Charlemont  might  be 
considered  the  organiser  and  director  of  the  military  move- 
ments, and  Mr.  Grattan  the  suggester  and  framer  of  their 
political  demands.  The  Volunteers  now  declared  their 
intention  to  confine  their  efibrts  to  two  points;  the  defence 
of  the  empire,  and  the  restoration  of  the  Constitution. 


POUTTCAL  SERIES.  5 

Bat  in  1781^  they  assumed  a  bolder  tone^  and  declared 
that  nothing  could  or  ought  to  satisfy  Ireland,  but  com- 
plete legislative  independence,  and  the  solemn  renunciation 
of  Great  Britain  of  any  claim  to  legislative  control.  The 
most  exciting  language  was  used.  Mr.  Grattan  declared 
he  would  not  accept  even  Magna  Gharta  itself,  if  it  were 
the  gift  of  Great  Britain.  Mr.  Flood  exhorted  them  to 
secure  their  liberties :  "  They  had  the  Constitution  in 
their  hands,  they  had  the  Constitution  in  their  arms.'' 

The  House  of  Commons  voted  an  address  to  the  King 
stating  ^'  No  power  on  earth  can  bind  them,  but  the  King, 
Lords  and  Commons  of  Ireland,  and  they  would  not  part 
with  their  liberties  but  with  their  lives.''  Even  the  Earl 
of  Carlisle,  the  Lord  Lieutenant,  privately  informed  the 
English  Ministers  he  could  not  answer  for  the  safety  of 
Ireland  if  some  considerable  concessions  were  not  made 
to  the  people.  The  Ministers,  however,  seemed  infatuated, 
and  the  British  House  of  Commons  was  prorogued  with- 
out any  redress  of  Irish  grievances.  An  explosion  might 
now  be  reasonably  expected,  and  a  civil  war  might  have 
taken  place,  when  fortunately,  early  in  1782,  Lord  North's 
Administration  was  removed,  and  the  Bockinghara  Admi- 
nistration succeeded.  Without  loss  of  time,  the  Duke  of 
Portland  was  appointed  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland.  The 
Marquis  of  Eockingham  wrote  a  private  letter  to  Lord 
Charlemont,  assuring  him  that  the  Duke  had  received  the 
most  ample  instructions  on  the  part  of  his  Majesty  to  make 
a  complete  renunciation  of  the  Legislative  authority  of 
Great  Britain,  and  to  confirm  the  Legislative  independence 
of  Ireland.  He  conjured  him  by  their  ancient  friendship, 
and  still  more  by  the  patriotic  love  of  his  country  to 
tranquillize  Ireland,  now  all  their  grievances  would  be 
redressed.  Mr.  Fox  wrote  to  Mr.  Grattan  to  the  same 
efiect.  The  answers  to  each  letter  were  firm,  but  most 
courteous  and  conciliatory. 

On  the  14th  of  April  the  Duke  of  Portland  arrived  in 
Dublin.      On  the  27th  of  May  he  opened  both  Houses 


MB^Mi 


*        .    ,*^ 


.   '.#    .-  ■  '  r.*. 


"^^       •^to^^.«*r.'.  f/..» .  •        ^         ../•       ^   r.ty       "•  /' 


/  .  ■        •  .  v  .  f 


/'/    ■ 


f 


.■  .  1      *  ■ 


F^-»       ,.       »^/*        ..       «; 


*  .  ■         • 


.',     f'*A    '    ■     •■     '  • 


■     # 


,♦.  -••        '  -T  .  .  ■  •  -  '  ■  i^  .f--.tr.'.  ^  t  •  .'      ■  ;■  * 


.   i  •  i  ■  .     » 


•     .  ■     •     !■ 


'■  ■     .  ■       /   / 


-,  ■  '  "■ 


^  / 


.v!        ;   J      t*       '        * 


./ 


.•  •  ^  rf-  ■     •■#^     /.«*     J    ^*V    •■  i     f*  /  . >'  • 


'       .' 


•/ 


-■   •     / 


S'         '  ■    ■' 


./'../'■» 


/      '   ■       I  . 


t       ft 


.  .    ' 


•  ,  r« . 


"/  • 


:..k«'«      f  /*4« >'/•>•.'*       •*■  y' 


y  .  J         /^.'.    , 


■  #■» 


'   /*     •■:/■•    ■■^-    ■'      r      /  /#''•.' 


'^^     »  «•    i^aw^x    P^-         /•  y 


•  «        .    '• 


.  -  «         VI 


^y 


Kmf/rf^  fr/rn  wi  ir^/n  mffH,  nnd  restored  fto  oneqiiiTOcal 
ff'^uU^  f/f^./*  **  I  \fiAuff(9  ihirrtf  m  nrp  fine,  who  would  not 
h',n4h  Uf  think  UiAt  %  OnUsM^  child  mi^t  pomt  to  a 
*fM*i^  f/f  rn//nnrfUftti,  srvl  mj^  that  wm  mjr  father,  jour 

I  hi  ihtm  gHrcr  n//tfco  that  on  tho  next  daj^  he  wonld 
r/i//r#;  tm  a  (^frnmiiUnf  to  irtato  what  aam  we  shoold  grant 
P/f  this  ifnrfiiiMfi  fff  an  efitato,  and  boildiog  a  suitable 
9fa%uHu/u  UfT  our  illrMtrious  iH^nirfaetor* 

On  May  W,  Mr.  Ikgi^nal  moved  in  the  Committee, 
'^ihtii  tUH),iH)^)  lio  gran  tod  to  purchase  an  estate,  and 
StuiUVtuyr  a  mansion  for  Ifenry  (irattaUf  Estj.,  and  the  heirs 

Hir  Uttury  Cavrnidish  saifl,  ''the  nation  could  not  bear 
nm.h  n  mnn,  nor  wouUl  Mr.  Orattun's  own  delicacy  permit 
him  Uf  tuu'A^pi  it.  Half  tho  money  moved  for  wonld 
ffun'.Unnii  £2^KK)  per  annum,  and  £10,000  would  be 
Miiftly  siini<;ient  to  erw^X  a  house,  and  provide  a  proper 

Hir  Hoylo  lto<;}io  observed,  ''England  rewarded  the 
Ofiko  of  Marlborough,  and  she  rewarded  the  Earl  of 
i/hiifliiirif,  hut  we  Imvo  more  abundant  cause  to  reward 
tmr  fjrriii  jnitr!ot,  arid  if  yesterday  it  was  right  to  vote 
KIOO/HM)  to  Knglfind  for  restoring  our  rights,*  surely  this 
liny  it  is  right  to  vote  tho  same  sum  to  him  who  caused 
thit  vtmUiriil'um," 

Mr.  I  {agonal  then  rose  and  said,  "  When  he  made  tho 
fiiol  inn,  ht)  r.ouhl  not  for  tho  dignity  of  tho  nation  think  of 
a  h<NM  Ntittif  htit  as  gentlonum  diflored  from  him,  and  as  it 
camn  IVoin  Mr.  (Irattan's  partictdar  friends,  ho  should  alter 
his  iiiolion  to  £r>0,(K)0.'^ 

Mr.  Conolly  was  happy  to  inform  tho  IIousOi  "that  the 
Lord    LiouUuiant  did   nmst  cordially  coincide  in   their 

*  Tint  I  limit'  liAil  votiul  ao.OOO  MCAmcn  tor  hia  M»jc«ty*ii  navy,  and  it  was 
«iHlriilaliiMtiily  iinnounnHlihaithi«  VohinUenirhMrniUjronKAKod  to  contribute 
itu«trnlil  lotvanln  miiditf  thai  num.  b«o  llartly*!  "  Uf«  of  Charlomout,** 
vol  II  p.  ll.i. 


8  GILLBAY^S   CARICATURES. 

generous  intentions^  so  congenial  to  his  own  feelings,  and 
that  the  memory  of  such  great  events  might  be  per- 
petuated, he  wished  to  relinquish  to  the  nation's  esteem 
that  house  in  the  park,  which  Parliament  has  lately 
purchased  for  the  country  residence  of  his  Majesty's 
representative/' 

Rt.  Hon.  Col.  Fitzpatrick  (Secretary  for  Ireland),  said, 
'^  The  power  of  rewarding  merit  was  one  of  the  noblest 
branches  of  the  Royal  prerogative  of  the  Crown.  He 
could  wish  to  have  seen  it  come  from  the  Royal  hand. 
But  as  the  merit  of  the  man  was  unprecedented,  he 
hoped  that  the  present  reward  would  not  be  admitted  as 
a  precedent  in  future.'' 

On  the  following  day,  May  31,  the  House  agreed  to  the 
report  from  the  Committee,  ^'  that  an  humble  address  be 
presented  to  his  Grace  the  Lord  Lieutenant,  praying  him 
to  lay  before  his  Majesty  their  address,  that  he  would  be 
pleased  to  order  £50,000  to  be  issued  and  granted  to  the 
Rt.  Hon.  Henry  Grattan,  &c.  &c.,  and  that  the  House 
would  make  good  the  same."* 

Thus  terminated  this  remarkable  afFair,  in  which  the 
House  of  Commons,  and  the  Lord  Lieutenant  seemed  to 
compete  with  each  other  in  securing  popularity,  by  the 
recognition  of  the  services  of  Mr.  Grattan,  and  their 
propositions  for  heaping  honours  on  him.  But  Grattan 
would  not  accept  any  donative  which  did  not  emanate 
from  the  people,  or  their  representatives  in  Parliament. 

We  shall  conclude  our  account  with  the  following  ex- 
cellent observation,  extracted  from  Hardy's  "  Life  of  Lord 
Charlemont.'*  Hume  says  ''  that  the  Revolution  of  1688, 
was  accomplished  by  the  first  persons  in  the  country,  in 
rank  and  intellect,  leading  the  people.  Hence  it  ended 
in  liberty,  not  in  confusion.  The  Revolution  in  Ireland  in 
1782,  was  formed  in  a  similar  manner."    Vol.  i.  p.  387. 

The  Corpoi-ation  of  Dublin  rcciuested  Mr.  Grattan  to 
sit  for  his  portrait  to  adorn  their  Council  Chamber. 
*  Parliamentary  Register  of  Ireland,  vol.  ii,  p.  23. 


POLITICAL   SEAIES.  V 

7. 
GUY  VAUX.  No  date. 

GEO.  lU.         DUKE  OF  BICHMOND.         FOX.         BCBKE.         KEPPEL. 

SHELBUBNE.  DUNNINQ. 

This  caricature,  which  is  not  dated,  relates  to  the  intrigues 
of  the  Opposition  to  overthrow  Lord  North's  Administra- 
tion in  1 782.  Fox  holds  the  dark  lanthom  in  his  left  hand, 
and  the  barrel  of  gunpowder  is  under  Lord  Shelbume's 
left  arm. 

8. 
THE  JUBILEE.  August  2nd,  1782. 

THE  DUKE  OF  GBAFTON.         GEN.  CONWAY.         LOBD  SHELBUBNE. 

On  the  death  of  the  Marquis  of  Rockingham,  and  the 
appointment  of  Lord  Shelburne  as  the  First  Lord  of  the 
Treasury,  Fox,  who  had  aspired  to  the  control  of  the 
Cabinet,  with  his  adherents,  Burke,  Lord  John  Cavendish, 
&c.  quitted  oflSce,  calculating  that  their  example  would  be 
followed  by  the  Duke  of  Grafton  (who  was  appointed 
Lord  Privy  Seal),  General  Conway,  the  Commander-in- 
Chief,  and  other  leading  members  of  the  administration. 
In  this  expectation  they  were  disappointed,  and  in  conse- 
quence the  ensuing  debate  on  Colonel  Barrels  pension  was 
characterised  by  much  personality  and  bitterness.  To  the 
attacks  of  Fox  on  the  new  First  Lord  of  the  Treasury,  as 
about  to  bring  forward  dangerous  and  fatal  measures, 
Conway  replied,  though  with  moderation : — ^^With  solemn 
protestations  he  declared  that  he  had  not  been  able  to  dis- 
cover the  slightest  intention  on  the  part  of  the  new  First 
Minister  to  abandon  the  principles  upon  which  the  admi- 
nistration was  originally  constituted.''  Barke,  after  treating 
Conway  with  great  severity  for  trusting  to  Lord  Shelbume's 
professions,  compared  the  General  to  the  little  Red  Riding 
Hood,  who  mistook  a  wolf  for  her  grandmother.  Gillray 
has  here  drawn  the  General  as  hood-winked,  and  led  in 
triumph  by  the  double-faced  Premier.     The  younger  mem- 


10  gillray's  caricatures. 

bers  of  the  new  Cabinet  are  represented  as  rats^  in  allusion 
to  their  alleged  desertion  of  their  principles  and  party. 

9. 
THE  W— ST— R   JUST-ASSES  A  BRAYING ;    OR 
THE  DOWNFALL  OF  THE  E.  0.  TABLE. 

August  26th,  1782. 

This  appears  to  allude  to  some  active  measures  taken  at 
this  period  for  the  suppression  of  gambling  in  private 
establishments,  while  it  was  publicly  tolerated  on  the 
Stock  Exchange.  We  find  the  following  paragraph  in  the 
Daily  Advertiser,  July  81,  1782  : — 

*'  Late  on  Monday  night  Justices  Wright  and  Addington  visited,  with  a 
strong  body  of  constables,  several  E.  O.  Tables  at  the  west  end  of  the  town, 
and  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Covent  Garden,  which  they  broke  np,  and  took 
the  persons  they  found  at  play,  with  the  Masters  of  the  Tables,  into  custody, 
and  lodged  them  in  Covent  Garden  Round-house.  About  the  same  time  a 
detachment  of  civil  officers  visited  a  table  in  St  MartinVle-Grand,  which 
they  broke  into  pieces. 

*'  There  were  eight  tables  broken  in  the  whole,  and  twenty  persons  appre- 
hended, who  were  examined  yesterday  at  the  Public  Office  in  Bow  Street, 
and  were  released  on  their  giving  bail  never  again  to  bo  found  at  any  of 
these  tables." 

**  Yesterday  a  noted  E.  O.  Table  was  destroyed  in  a  private  court,  near 
Queen  Anne  Street,  Mary  Bone,  and  one  of  the  Proprietors  taken  in  custody 
by  the  police  officers." — August  24th. 

10. 

THE  V COMMITTEE  FRAMING  A  REPORT. 

August  12th,  1782. 

"  Not  Atkinson  with  stronger  terror  started, 

(Somewhat  afraid,  perchance,  of  being  carted). 

When  Justice,  a  sly  dame,  one  day  thought  fit 

To  pay  her  serious  compliments  to  Kit, 

Ask'd  him  a  few  short  questions  about  com. 

And  whisper'd,  she  believed  he  was  forsworn  ; 

Then  hinted,  that  he  probably  would  find. 

That,  though  she  sometimes  winked,  she  was  not  blind.'* 

Pet£r  Pindar. 
"  Not  pillories,  obeying  Law's  stem  voice, 

Can  more  rejoice 
To  hold  Kit  AtkinHon*8  two  ears.''  I  bid. 


POLITICAL   SEBIE8.  11 

On  tho  conviction  of  Christopher  Atkinson,  Member  of 
Parliament  for  Heydon,  Yorkshire,  of  peculation  in  his 
office  of  Corn-factor  to  the  Victualling  Board,  a  Com- 
mittee of  the  House  of  Commons,  on  which  were  many  of 
his  own  friends,  was  appointed  to  examine  into  the  charges 
against  him.  The  portraits  of  the  members  of  this  Com- 
mittee are  given  in  Gillray *s  plate.  The  next  year  ^-tkinson 
was  brought  to  trial  in  the  Court  of  King's  Bench  for 
perjury,  found  guilty,  and  was  in  consequence  expelled  the 
House  of  Commons,  December  4,  1784.  He  appealed  to 
the  House  of  Lords  against  his  sentence,  but  it  was  con- 
firmed with  the  concurrencs  of  all  the  Judges,  July  1, 1785 ; 
and  in  the  same  year,  on  the  25th  of  November,  ho  was 
pilloried  in  Mark  Lane. 

This  is  the  most  highly  finished  of  Gillray's  early  prints, 
and  is  very  rare.  The  following  verses,  published  to 
accompany  it,  are  transcribed  from  an  unique  impression 
in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Greorge  Fores  (son  of  the  pub- 
lisher). The  figures  in  the  plate,  no  doubt,  refer  to  a  key, 
of  which,  however,  no  trace  is  now  to  be  found.  No.  7  is 
probably  Bamber  Gascoyne,  junr.  His  house  at  Barking 
had  two  fronts,  and  was  called  Bifrons.  He  was  a  parti- 
cular friend  of  Atkinson's. 

THE  COMMITTEE. 

A  NEW  SONG  OF  THE  TEAS  1782. 

1. 
All  yon  who  would  gness  at  the  word  call'd  Committee, 
Attend  to  my  song,  and  I  warrant  I'll  fit  yon  ; 
fiat  of  what  yon  shall  hear  pray  don't  speak  like  a  monse, 
As  it  happened,  indeed  in  the  p********x  (Parliament)  House. 

Derry  down,  &c. 

2. 
It  happened,  I  won't  pretend  how  long  ago, 
One  A******if  (Atkinson)  wonld  his  Imtboritt  shew  ; 
When  publicly  charged  by  the  Friends  of  the  Nation, 
Of  having  been  gniity  of  deep  Peculation. 

Derry  down,  &c. 


12  oillray's  caricatubes. 

3. 
^  I'm  as  gniltless/'  sajs  he,  "  as  the  child  that's  unborn, 
Of  o'ercharging  their  malt,  their  oats,  peas  or  their  com  ; 
Though  com  altogether,  no  donbt,  they  may  be, 
I  agreed  with  the  V**^<'*«*g  (Victualling)  and  had  but  mt  Fek." 

Derry  down,  &c. 

4. 

As  the  mun  spoke  so  fairly,  what  more  could  be  done 
Than  appoint  a  Committke  to  bring  the  case  on  ? 
But  who  could  hare  thought  that  this  scandalous  Elf 
Would  haye  sat  on  this  yery  Committee  himself  ? 

Deny  down,  &c. 

6. 
W***B***D  (Whitbread  ?)  in  the  chair,  attending  all  the  rest, 
B**o**NX  (Burgoyne)  in  a  sensible  speech  them  address'd  ; 
When,  somehow  or  other,  old  Bam,  Air  (Eyre),  and  K**kr  (Kirke),* 
Conceiy'd  that  the  whole  was  a  poor  piece  of  work. 

Derry  down,  &c. 

6. 
Bam  bullied  the  eyidenoe — 'tis  plain  for  hire, 
Assisted  therein  by  his  staunch  Lawyer,  Air  ; 
Yet  in  priyate  they  said — and  'tis  certainly  true, — 
His  cause  was  so  bad,  they  could  ne'er  bring  him  throuoh. 

Dcrry  down,  &c. 


For  burning  his  books,  and  his  oath  too  denying. 

We  all  must  agree  was  a  new  mode  of  lying  ; 

His  Lighterman,  too,  was  in  wickedness  ripe, 

When  he  said,  with  his  Books  that  he  lighted  hib  Pipe. 

Deny  down,  &c. 

8. 
Though  TwiTCHBRf  appointed  him  unto  that  place. 
He  was  discharged  from  it  with  Shame  and  Diboraob. 
Take  warning,  my  friends  by  his  merited  Fall, 
Lest  yon  lose  a  Plenty  by  grasping  at  all. 

Derry  down,  &c. 

*  Bamber  Gascoyne  was  one  who  appeared  in  Atkinson's  fayour ;  James 
Kirke,  one  of  the  Victualling  Commissioners. 

f  Lord  Sandwich,  who  went  commonly  by  the  nick-name  of  Jemmy 
Twitcher. 


POLITICAL    SERIES.  13 

9. 
For  80  was  the  Dog  in  the  fable  betray'd, 
Who  let  go  the  substance  to  snap  at  the  shade  ; 
At  his  loss,  like  a  dog,  he  long  may  have  repin'd, 
Unpitied  by  all  honest  Men  in  their  mind. 

Derry  down,  &c. 

10. 
Then  here*6  to  Sir  Philip,*  (my  friends,  pnsh  it  round), 
And  all  the  Committee  who  honest  were  found  ; 
May  each  worthy  member  still  stick  to  his  tenet, 
While  A******s  trembles  at  the  name  of  one  B^NN^Trf  (Bennett). 

Derry  down,  &c. 


11. 

GLORIA  MTTNDI;   or,  THE  DEVIL  ADDRESSING 
THE  SUN.  July  22nd,  (1782). 

FOX.  LORD   SHELBURNE. 

On  the  secession  of  Fox  from  the  Shelburne  Adminis- 
tration. Fox,  in  the  character  of  the  Evil  One,  his  pockets 
emptied  through  his  unfortunate  propensity  to  gambling, 
looking  with  envy  at  Lord  Shelburne  in  power,  and  re- 
gretting the  lucrative  place  he  had  quitted. 

The  title  of  this  plate  is  in  allusion  to  Satan's  Address 
to  the  Sun  in  Milton's  Paradise  Lost. 


12. 
THE  LORD  OF  THE  VINEYARD.    April  3rd,  1783. 

FOX.  DUKE   OF   PORTLAND.  LORD   NORTH. 

On  the  celebrated  Coalition,  and  the  negociation  with 
the  Duke  of  Portland  to  form  an  Administration,  after  the 
dismission  of  the  Shelburne  Ministry.  The  Coalition 
Ministry,  of  which  the  Duke  of  Portland  was  the  nominal 

*  Sir  Philip  Jennings  Clerk,  one  of  the  Committee. 

t  Atkinson  preferred  a  bill  of  indictment  for  perjnrj  against  Mr.  Bennett, 
for  the  evidence  given  on  his  trial.  The  Grand  Jarj,  hovrever,  threw  out 
the  bill  with  the  strongest  marks  of  indignation. 


14  oillray's  caricatures. 

head,  but  which  was  represented  by  Lord  North,  as  Home 
Secretary,  and  Mr.  Fox,  as  Secretary  for  Foreign  AflTairs, 
was  announced  on  the  2nd  of  April,  1 783. 


13. 
JUDGE    THUMB;     or.    Patent    Sticks    for    Family 
Correction  :  warranted  Lawful  I 

November  27th,  1782. 

Alluding  to  an  opinion  publicly  expressed  by  Judge 
BuUer,  that  a  man  might  lawfully  beat  his  wife  with  a 
stick,  if  it  were  not  thicker  than  his  thumb.  A  witty 
Countess  is  said  to  have  sent  the  next  day  to  require  the 
measurement  of  his  thumb,  that  she  might  know  the 
precise  extent  of  her  husband's  right. 

14. 
JACK  A  BOTH  SIDES.  July  17th,  1783. 

GEO  ROE  III.  (as  Justice  in  the  cloud).        shelburne. 

DUKE   OF   PORTLAND.  FOX. 

Fox  outweighing  Shelburne  in  the  political  balance. 
On  the  political  rivalry  between  Shelburne  and  Fox 
during  the  existence  of  the  Coalition  Ministry. 

15.— 16. 
WAR.  J/arcAm,  1783. 

LORD  NORTH.  FOX.  BURKE. 

NEITHER  WAR  NOR  PEACE !    THE  ASTONISH- 
ING  COALITION.  March  Wi,  1783. 

FOX.  LORD  NORTH.  BUREE. 

These  two  caricatures  relate  to  the  coalition  against  the 
Shelburne  Administration,  when  Fox  and  Burke  suddenly 
joined  Lord  North,  whom,  when  Prime  Minister,  they  had 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  15 

attacked  with  extraordinary  bitterness.  In  the  first,  it  is 
War  to  the  uttermost, — in  the  second,  the  picture  is 
changed ;  but,  though  it  is  no  longer  War,  the  insinuation 
is  made  that  peace  cannot  have  any  real  existence  between 
such  discordant  materials.  In  the  latter  plate,  the  new 
confederates  are  attacking  the  preliminaries  of  peace. 

In  Feb.  1783,  while  Lord  North,  in  one  of  his  most 
masterly  speeches,  was  engaged  in  discussing  a  serious 
point  in  the  preliminary  Articles  of  Peace  with  America, 
a  dog,  which  had  hidden  itself  under  the  benches  of  the 
house,  suddenly  came  forth  and  set  up  a  hideous  howl 
which,  interrupting  the  speaker  at  such  a  moment,  naturally 
excited  a  roar  of  laughter,  and  would  have  disconcerted  an 
ordinary  man.  Lord  North,  however,  having  waited  till 
the  intruder  was  ejected,  and  preserving  all  his  gravity, 
addressed  the  chair — ''  Sir,''  said  he  to  the  Speaker,  ''  as 
the  new  member  for  Berkshire  has  concluded  his  argument, 
I  will  now,  with  your  leave,  resume  mine.''  This  circum- 
stance is  alluded  to  by  the  appearance  of  the  dog  in  the 
second  of  these  plates. 

17. 
AHITHOPHEL  IN  THE  DIIM;PS.       July  50th,  1785. 

CHARLES  JAMES   FOX. 

A  satire  on  the  weakness  of  Fox's  party  in  the  Parlia- 
ment which  had  been  elected  in  the  summer  of  the  pre- 
ceding year,  after  the  overthrow  of  the  Coalition  Ministry. 
No  less  than  a  hundred  and  sixty  members  of  the  former 
Parliament  were  thrown  out  in  this  struggle,  gaining  for 
themselves  the  sobriquet  of  Fox's  Martyrs,  and  the  small 
party  of  the  opposition  who  remained  were  left  to  persist 
in  a  hopeless  struggle  against  the  ministerial  measures, 
but  the  noise  they  made  tended  to  keep  up  and  increase 
the  popular  agitation  without.  It  was  this  circumstance 
which  provoked  the  Tory  party  to  attack  them  with  ex- 
treme bitterness. 


16  OILLRAY^g   CARICATURES. 

18. 

A  NEW  WAY  TO  PAY  THE   NATIONAL  DEBT, 
DEDICATED  TO  M.  NECKER.      April  2l8t,  1786. 

QUEEN.    GEO.  III.     PITT.     PRINCE  OF  WALES.     DUKE  OF  ORLEANS. 

Mucli  scandal  was  raised  in  tho  spring  of  1786  by  the 
refusal  of  the  King  and  his  Minister  to  relieve  the  Prince 
of  Wales  by  paying  off  his  heavy  accumulation  of  debt. 
The  King  and  Queen  are  represented,  with  their  then  pro- 
verbial avarice,  as  gathering  in  for  themselves  and  hoard- 
ing  up  the  riches  of  the  treasury,  dispensing  a  share  of  it 
only  to  their  German  favourites,  while  the  Heir  apparent 
is  left  in  rags  and  poverty  to  seek  assistance  of  a  foreign 
prince.  The  motto  on  his  crest  (which  is  seen  on  the  wall 
just  above  him)  is  ''  ich  starve"  in  place  of  ^'ich  dien,*' 
The  Duke  of  Orieans,  who  was  proverbial  for  his  riches, 
and  who  had  formed  an  intimacy  with  the  Prince  of  Wales, 
was  in  England  at  the  time  the  question  alluded  to  was  in 
agitation,  and  offered  tho  Prince  a  loan  of  a  considerable 
sum  to  relievo  him  in  his  difficulties. .  Some  of  the  Princess 
friends,  fearful  of  the  consequences  of  such  a  transaction, 
persuaded  him  to  decline  the  offer. 

19. 
HONI  SOIT  QUI  MAL  Y  PENSE.  March,  1787. 

MARQ.  OF  LANSDOWNE.       DUKE  OF  RICHMOND.      COLONEL  BARRE. 

On  the  defeat  of  the  project  for  fortifying  the  coast, 
brought  forward  by  the  Duke  of  Richmond,  who  held  the 
office  of  Master-General  of  the  Ordnance.  This  print 
alludes  to  an  altercation  between  the  Duke  of  Richmond 
and  the  Marquis  of  Lansdowne  (Lord  Shelbume  had 
received  this  title  in  1784),  in  tho  course  of  the  debate  on 
the  Commercial  Treaty,  in  the  House  of  Lords,  at  the 
close  of  February,  1787.  The  Marquis  is  in  the  act 
of  cramming   the   physic,  i,p.  the  Duke's  fortifications. 


POLITICAL   8EEIE8.  17 

down  his  throat.     The  letter  F.  on  the  spoon  is  the  first 
stone^  the  others  are  ready  at  hand. 

On  the  right  hand  Colonel  Barre  is  introduced  as  an 
experienced  oflScer,  well  versed  iD  the  science  and  practice 
of  war.  On  the  appointment  of  General  Wolfe  to  the 
command  of  the  army  of  Canada,  he  requested  Barr6  might 
be  his  Adjutant-General,  and  he  always  placed  the  greatest 
reliance  on  his  judgment.  At  the  battle  of  Quebec,  he 
was  by  the  side  of  General  Wolfe,  and  received  a  severe 
wound  in  his  head.  His  left  eye  was  rendered  useless. 
Some  years  after  he  became  quite  blind,  and  he  is  here 
led  in  by  a  veteran  companion  in  arms.  In  the  debate  on 
the  Duke  of  Richmond's  Fortifications,  he  shewed  the 
total  inefficiency  of  the  plan,  and  adverted  to  what  England 
had  done  at  former  periods,  particularly  by  Elizabeth  at 
the  time  of  the  Spanish  Armada.  She  profited  by  the 
collective  wisdom  of  her  most  experienced  military  and 
naval  officers  whom  she  ordered  to  prepare  a  plan  adequate 
to  the  crisis.  He  ridiculed  the  inexperience  of  the  Duke  of 
Richmond,  and  asked  if  he  had  ever  commanded  an  army, 
or  led  one  to  victory? — Hansard* s  Debates,  vol.  xxv. 
p.  386. 

On  the  left  hand,  at  the  top,  is  a  plan  of  the  Fortifica- 
tions of  Cherburg.  This  alludes  to  the  conclusion  of  the 
Marquis  of  Lansdowne's  Speech  on  the  Commercial 
Treaty  :^"  As  to  Cherburg,  he  thought  that  representa- 
tions ought  to  have  been  made  with  regard  to  the  works 
going  on  there,  and  that  it  might  have  been  done  in 
prudent,  wise,  and  proper  terms.*' — Hansard,  vol.  xxvi. 
p.  560.  The  Marquis  here  touched  a  chord  in  unison  with 
the  public  feeling.  The  destruction  of  the  fortifications 
of  Cherburg  has  always  been  a  favourite  object  with  the 
English.  ''In  1756,*'  says  Malto  Brun,  *'the  English 
made  themselves  masters  of  it,  plundered  the  inhabitants, 
and  razed  the  fortifications.'*  As  the  only  post  possessed 
by  France  in  the  Channel,  great  pains  and  cost  have  been 

2 


18  gillbay's  caricatures. 

expended  by  France  within  the  last  twenty  years,  in  re- 
pairing the  fortifications,  and  securing  the  haven. 

The  Duke  of  Richmond's  plan  was  rejected  in  the  Com- 
mons by  the  casting  vote  of  the  Speaker. 

"  In  Richmond's  Dnko  we  see  oar  own  John  Bull, 
Of  schemes  enamoured,  and  of  schemes  the  gull.'* 

Rolliad. 

20. 

ANTICIPATION,  OR  THE  APPROACHING  FATE 
OP  THE  FRENCH  COMMERCIAL  TREATY. 

January  I6fh,  1787. 

PITT.       DUKDAS.       PEPPER  ARDEN.       MACDONALD.       8UEB1DAN. 

BURKE.     FOX.     LORD  NORTH. 

On  the  violent  opposition  in  the  House  of  Commons  to 
the  French  Commercial  Treaty.  The  chief  speakers  in 
defence  of  the  treaty  were  Pitt,  Dnndas  (who  then  filled 
the  office  of  Treasurer  of  the  Navy),  and  the  Attorney  and 
Solicitor  General  (Pepper  Arden  and  Macdonald).  It  was 
fiercely  attacked  by  Lord  North  (whoso  slow,  heavy  bulk 
couches  down  in  the  right  hand  corner,  while  he  tears  the 
treaty  savagely)  Fox,  Burke,  and  Sheridan.  The  names 
of  the  Ministerial  dogs  are  marked  on  their  collars.  The 
inscription  on  Pittas  collar  is  "  Fawning  Billy,^^  intimating 
that  he  had  crouched  to  France,  and  been  overreached. 
On  Sheridan's  collar  is  Sc.  for  Scand. 

21. 
A  NOBLE  LORD,  ON  AN  APPROACHING  PEACE, 
TOO  BUSY  TO  ATTEND  TO  THE  EXPENDI- 
TURE  OP  A  MILLION  OF  PUBLIC  MONEY. 

March  12th,  1787. 

THE   MARQUIS   OP   LANSDOWKE    (jiORD   SHELBURNE). 

The  insinuation  intended  to  be  conveyed,  is  that  the 
Marquis  of  Lansdowne  availed  himself  of  his  priority  of 
intelligence  respecting  the  Preliminaries  of  Peace  with 


»""i 

/ 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  19 

America,  signed  at  Paris  (whicli  the  French  courier  has 
secretly  brought  him),  and  speculated  largely  in  the  Funds. 
They  rose  very  considerably  on  the  public  announcement 
of  peace.  The  Marquis  is  represented  as  paying  off  the 
Jews  and  other  money  lenders,  to  whom  he  was  supposed 
to  be  under  great  liabilities,  from  the  profit.  In  1787, 
the  Marquis  strenuously  defended  the  Commercial  Treaty 
with  France,  and  Gillray  took  the  opportunity  of  reviving 
the  scandal  current  in  1783. 

It  is  a  very  singular  coincidence,  that  the  public  scandal* 
of  the  day  charged  the  Earl  of  Bute,  when  Prime  Minister, 
with  having  erected  his  splendid  mansion  in  Berkeley 
Square  out  of  the  money  secretly  given  him  by  the  French 
Government  for  the  large  concessions  made  to  them  by  the 
Peace  of  Paris  in  1763 ;  and  that  a  similar  scandal  accused 
the  Earl  of  Shelbume,  when  Prime  Minister,  of  having 
paid  for  the  decorations  and  furniture  of  the  same  house 
out  of  the  profits  of  his  speculations  in  the  Funds  on  the 
signature  of  the  American  Preliminaries  at  Paris  in  1783. 

22. 
THE  BOARD  OF  CONTROUL ;   OR,   THE   BLESS- 
INGS  OF  A  SCOTCH  DICTATOR.  Mar.20th,l787. 

DQNDAS.  PITT.  LORD   SYDNEY. 

Pitt  is  playing  at  push-pin  with  Lord  Sydney  (the 
Secretary  of  State  for  Home  Affairs),  while  Dundas  is 
managing,  at  his  own  will,  the  affairs  of  India.  A  party 
of  the  needy  countrymen  of  the  latter  are  claiming  his 
patronage,  in  allusion  to  some  partiality  he  was  said  to 
have  shewn.  The  two  pictures  above  allude  to  the  India 
Bills  brought  foi-ward  respectively  by  Fox  and  Ktt — the 
former,  it  was  pretended,  acted  towards  the  Company  the 
part  of  the  highwayman,  while  Pitt  acted  as  the  cunning 
thief.  On  the  ground,  the  claims  of  Sir  Elijah  Impey, 
Major  Scott,  and  others,  are  thrown  asfde  in  neglect. 

*  See  Wraxall's  Uistorical  Memoirs,  toI.  2,  from  page  66  to  71. 

2  * 


20  gillray's  caricatures. 

23. 
ANCIENT  MUSIC.  May  lOth,  1787. 

1.   PITT.       2.    KINO.        3.    QUEEN.      4.    MAD.    SCHWELLENBERQ. 
5.    MISS  JEPPS.       6.    SIR  WATKIN   W.   WYNN.      7.    MR.  ASH- 

BRiDQB  {a  kettle  drummer  of  great  celebrity).     8.  mad. 

MARA.  9.  JOSHUA  BATES.  10.  DUKE  OF  RICHMOND.  11. 
MARQUIS  OF  LANSDOWNE.  12.  COLONEL  BARR:^.  13.  SIR 
J.  MAWBEY.  14.  ATTORNEY-GENERAL.  15.  SOLICITOR- 
GENERAL.  16.  DUNDAS.  17.  LORD  LOUGHBOROUGH.  18. 
THE   CHANCELLOR    (tHURLOW). 

«  Discord,  who  makes  a  King  delight  in  Ode, 
Slight  Sqoare  of  Hanover  for  Tottenham  Boad  ; 
Where  with  the  taste  sublime  of  Goth  and  Vandal, 
He  orders  the  worst  works  of  heavy  Handel ; 
Encores  himself  till  all  the  audience  gape, 
And  suffers  not  a  quaver  to  escape." — Petxr  Pindir. 

A  satire  upon  the  taste  which  George  III.  affected  for 
music,  so  often  ridiculed  by  Peter  Pindar.  It  is  explained 
by  the  names  of  the  Courtiers,  &c.,  whose  discordant 
notes  give  such  delight  to  the  royal  ear. 

24. 

MONSTROUS    CRAWS   AT  A   NEW    COALITION 
FEAST.  May  29th,  1787. 

THE  QUEEN.  PRIKCE   OF  WALES.  QEOBOE    III. 

On  the  Supplies,  the  great  sums  required  for  the  Privy 
Purse,  and  the  demand  for  money  to  pay  the  debts  of  the 
Prince  of  Wales,  whose  affairs  were  at  this  moment  in  great 
embarrassment.  The  King  and  Queen  were  always  accused 
popularly  of  devouring  the  money  of  the  nation  with  great 
greediness. 

25. 
A  MARCH  TO  THE  BANK.  Aug^cst  22nd,  1787. 

During  the  riots  occasioned  by  Lord  George  Gordon  in 
1 780,  serious  apprehensions  were  entertained  for  the  safety 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  21 

of  the  Bank.  Since  that  period  Government  has  assigned 
the  Bank  a  military  guards  which  is  stationed  every  even- 
ing in  the  interior  of  the  buildings^  and  remains  till  busi- 
ness is  resumed  in  the  morning.  The  Directors  keep  a  table 
for  the  commanding  officer.  This  humourous  and  very 
clever  print  refers  to  their  daily  march  up  the  Strand, 
Fleet  Street,  and  Cheapside.  Marching  two  abreast  along 
these  crowded  thoroughfares,  they  jostled  from  the  pave- 
ment all  who  came  in  their  way.  The  annoyance  to  the 
public  became  so  great,  that  about  this  time  (1787),  it  was 
loudly  protested  against ;  and  the  evil  was  at  length  miti- 
gated, by  an  order  from  head-quarters,  that  they  should  in 
future  march  only  in  single  files,  as  they  do  at  the  present 
day. 

26. 
BLACK  DICK  TURNED  TAILOR.    Febr.  4th,  1788. 

LOBD  HOWE. 

On  some  new  regulations  issued  by  Lord  Howe,  then 
First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty,  for  the  uniforms  of  Naval 
Officers,  and  on  some  promotions  and  plans  of  reform  in 
his  department,  which  were  not  very  popular.  The  words 
put  into  his  mouth  refer  to  the  public  complaints  made 
against  him  of  passing  over  veterans  in  the  service  to 
promote  juniors.  The  matter  was  brought  before  both 
Houses,  and  a  motion  for  enquiry  negatived  by  an  un- 
usually small  majority. 

27. 

THERE^S  MORE  WAYS  THAN  ONE.      VUle  Coali- 
tion Expedients.  February  18th,  1788. 

FOX.  PITT.  THURLOW. 

Pitt  and  Thurlow  were  alarmed  at  the  increasing  popu- 


22  oillrat's  caricatures. 

larity  of  Pox  at  this  period.  The  latter,  by  mounting  on 
the  charges  against  Warren  Hastings,  and  other  popular 
questions,  is  very  near  reaching  the  grapes  that  are  sus- 
pended from  the  sign  of  the  Crown — the  sweets  of  office. 


28. 

DIDO    FORSAKEN.      SIC     TRANSIT    GLORIA 
REGIN^.  May  2l8t,  1787. 

DUNDAS.      prrr.      mrs.  fitzherbert.      fox.      prince  of 

WALES.        NORTH.        BURKE. 

An  allusion  to  the  debate  in  the  House  of  Commons  on 
the  application  for  the  payment  of  the  Prince  of  Wales's 
debts,  when  the  Prince's  friends,  in  his  name,  denied  his 
presumed  marriage  with  Mrs.  Fitzherbert.  Mr.  Rolle, 
Member  for  Devonshire,  however,  had  declared  the  sub- 
ject ''affected  the  Constitution  in  Church  and  State,'' 
and  that  he  would  not  consent  to  any  grant  of  money  for 
the  Prince  till  all  doubts  were  removed.  Mr.  Fox  replied, 
that  he  had  the  immediate  authority  of  the  Prince  to 
contmdict  the  report  of  the  marriage  in  the  fullest  and 
most  unqualified  terms ;  and  that  the  Prince  was  ready 
to  attend  in  the  other  House,  as  a  Peer  of  Parliament, 
and  answer  any  questions  that  might  be  put  to  him.  Mr. 
Pitt  then  declared  himself  satisfied.  Mrs.  Fitzherbert 
never  forgave  Fox.  It  was  commonly  said,  that  she  aspired 
to  sit  on  the  Throne,  and  it  was  believed  that  she  in- 
fluenced the  Prince  in  favouring  the  claims  of  the  Catholics, 
which  is  indicated  by  the  implements  in  the  foreground. 
Fox,  Lord  North,  and  Burke,  are  carrying  the  Prince  away 
from  her,  while  Pitt  and  Dundas  are  blowing  from  her 
head  the  coronet  of  Princess  of  Walee,  and  the  crown  of 
Queen;  and  the  forsaken  and  disappointed  lady  is  prej)arod 
to  follow  the  example  of  Virgil's  Dido,  when  deserted  by 
the  faithless  ^neas. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  23 

29. 
AMSTERDAM  IN  A  BAM'D  PREDICAMENT ;  OR, 
THE    LAST    SCENE    OP    THE    REPUBLICAN 
PANTOMIME.  November  Ut,  1787, 

EMPEROR   OF  AUSTRIA.      CATHARINE  OF  RUSSIA.      THE  SULTAN. 
PRINCE  OF  ORANGE.      LOUIS  XVI.  OF  FRANCE.      OEOBOE  III. 

On  the  revolution  in  Holland,  in  the  summer  and  autumn 
of  1787,  and  the  triumph  of  the  Prince  of  Orange  over  the 
Republicans,  who  are  here  figured  as  bloated  frogs.  The 
spectators  of  this  strange  drama  are — on  the  right,  in  the 
upper  box,  the  King  of  France,  protesting  against  the 
intermediation  of  Prussia  and  England ;  and  below  him, 
the  King  of  England,  ready  to  attack  him  if  he  interferes. 
On  the  left,  the  violent  Empress  of  Russia  (Catharine), 
who  is  anxious  to  attack  the  Turk  below,  and  the  Empe- 
ror of  Austria,  who  is  supporting  her  in  setting  him  at 
defiance. 

30. 
BLOOD    ON    THUNDER    FORDING    THE    RED 
SEA.  March  let,  1788, 

WARREN    HASTINGS.  THURLOW. 

On  the  Trial  of  Warren  Hastings.  Lord  Thurlow  was 
the  principal  supporter  of  Warren  Hastings  in  his  perse- 
cution, and  is  said  to  have  received  direct  encouragement 
from  George  III.  He  is  here  represented  carrying  Hastings 
through  the  sea  of  blood  which  he  was  said  to  have  shed 
iu  India,  and  on  which  are  floating  the  bodies  of  the  mas- 
sacred, whoso  fate  was  so  pathetically  described  in  the 
glowing  declamations  of  Burke. 

81. 
THE    POLITICAL    BANDITTI    ASSAILING    THE 
SAVIOUR  OF  INDIA.  1788. 

BUKKE.  WARRBN    HASTINGS.  LORD   NORTH.  FOX. 

WaiTcn  Hastings  assaulted  by  Burke,  Lord  North,  and 


24  GILLRAY^S    CARICATURES. 

Fox,  who  instituted  and  conducted  the  attack  against 
him  in  the  House  of  Commons.  Peter  Pindar  alludes  to 
the  subject  in  his  ''  Ode  to  Edmund/'  i.  p.  412. 

«  Much  ed\fied  am  I  bj  Edmund  Burke : 
Well  pleased  I  see  his  mill-like  mouth  at  work ; 
Grinding  away  for  poor  old  England*!  good. 

at  *  *  *  *  * 

'<  Now  may  not  Edmund's  howlings  be  a  sigh, 

Pressing  through  Edmund's  lungs  for  loaves  and  fishes, 
On  which  he  Icmg  hath  looked  with  longing  eye, 
To  fill  poor  Edmund's  not  o'er-burden'd  dishes  ?" 

**  Give  Mun  a  sop,  forgot  will  be  complaint ; 
Britain  be  safe,  and  Hastings  prove  a  saint." 

82. 
WIFE  OR  NO  WIFE ;    OR,  A  TRIP  TO  THE  CON- 
TINENT.  March  27th,  1788. 

LORD   NORTH.  BUKEE.  PRINCE   OF  WALES. 

MRS.    FITZHERBERT.  COLONEL  HANGER.  FOX. 

On  the  secret  marriage  said  to  have  taken  place  between 
the  Prince  of  Wales  and  Mrs.  Fitzherbert.  Fox  is  giving 
away  the  bride ;  while  Burke  in  the  disguise  of  a  Jesuit, 
is  performing  the  ceremony.  There  are  several  allusions 
to  the  Romanism  of  the  lady.  Lord  North,  who  appears  to 
have  acted  as  the  driver  in  their  "  trip,**  has  fallen  asleep. 
They  are  said  to  have  been  married  by  the  Rev.  Samuel 
Johnes,  younger  brother  of  Colonel  Johnes,  of  Hafod, 
translator  of  Froissart,  Ac.  He  was  descended  on  the 
maternal  side  from  the  Knights  of  Ilerefordshiro,  whoso 
name  he  assumed  some  years  after.  Ho  is  now  Vicar  of 
All  Hallows,  Barking,  and  Rector  of  Welwyn,  Herts. 

33. 
THE     MORNING     AFTER    MARRIAGE;     OR,    A 
SCENE  ON  THE  CONTINENT.     A2>r!I  bth,  1788. 

PRINCE   OF   WALES.  MRS.    FITZUEKBERT. 

A  sequel  to  the  foregoing  print. 


POLITICAL   SERIES. 


25 


34. 

QUESTIONS  AND  COMMANDS;  OR,  THE  MIS- 
TAKEN ROAD  TO  HEREFORD:  A  SUNDAY 
EVENING^S  AMUSEMENT.     February  llth,  1788. 

DUKE    AND    DUCHESS    OF    GLOUCESTER.      PRINCE  WILLIAM    OF 

GLOUCESTER. 

This  appears  to  allude  to  some  churcliman  seeking  pre- 
ferment through  petticoat  influence.  The  see  of  Hereford 
became  vacant  in  1788,  and  Butler,  who  had  been  collated 
to  the  see  of  Oxford,  by  his  political  friend  and  patron. 
Lord  North,  much  against  the  will  of  the  Oxonians,  was 
about  this  period,  translated  to  Hereford  by  the  Pitt 
Ministry,  it  is  said  to  appease  the  dissatisfaction  of  the 
University.  It  appears  that  Butler  was  a  native  of 
Hamburgh,  and  had  never  taken  a  degree  in  either  of 
the  English  Universities.  Hence  the  cold  reception  he 
met  with  at  Oxford. 

35. 
THE  WESTMINSTER  HUNT. 

LORD   NORTH.      THURLOW.      GEORGE  III.      BURKE.      SIR  PHILIP 
FRANCIS.       FOX.        SHERIDAN.        WARREN   HASTINGS. 

Thurlow  riding  on  the  King,  and  whipping  back  the 
hounds,  who  had  set  upon  Hastings.  The  two  sentinels 
at  the  gate  appear  to  be  Pitt  and  Lord  Sydney. 

36. 
MARKET  DAY.     ''Sic  itur  ad  astra/'    May  2nd,  1788. 

GEORGE  III.      WARREN  HASTINGS.      EARL  OP  DERBY.      DUNDAS. 
PITT.     THURLOW.      FOX.     BURKE.      SHERIDAN.     LANSDOWNE. 

A  satire  on  the  supposed  venality  of  Parliament.  Thur- 
low, who  was  believed  to  be  the  great  buyer  in  the  House 
of  Lords,  has  a  full  fold  behind  him,  in  which  we  perceive. 


26  GILLRAT^S   CARICATUBES. 

among  other  countenances,  those  of  Lord  Sydney  and  the 
Duke  of  Grafton,  on  each  side  of  Thurlow,  Lord  Amherst, 
Lord  Sandwich,  and  others.  On  the  extreme  right  stands 
the  Marquis  of  Lansdowno.  In  the  centre  of  the  picture 
appears  Lord  Derby,  distinguished  by  his  pigtail  and  nose, 
and  below  him  the  Duke  of  Norfolk.  Even  the  King  is 
represented  as  to  be  bought,  and  on  the  left,  Warren 
Hastings  is  seen  as  the  butcher  riding  oflF  with  his  Majesty 
in  the  shape  of  a  calf — referring  to  the  Warren  Hastings 
affair.  ITie  cattle  in  Thurlow^s  fold  are  making  a  deter- 
mined attack  on  a  watch  box,  and  overthrowing  the 
celebrated  trio.  Pox,  Burke,  and  Sheridan.  Pitt  and 
Dnndas  are  quietly  enjoying  themselves  at  the  sign  of  the 
Crown,  heedless  of  the  bustle  below. 


37. 

ELECTION      TROOPS      BRINGING     IN     THEIR 
ACCOUNTS  TO  THE  PAY-TABLE.  Aug,  14,  1788. 

MAJOR  TOPHAM.  PITT. 

On  the  Westminster  Election,  which  closed  on  the  itli 
of  August,  1788,  in  which  Lord  Hood  was  brought  for- 
ward by  the  Court,  in  opposition  to  Lord  John  Townshend, 
the  Whig  candidate,  who  gained  the  day.  The  Government 
was  said  to  have  employed  every  kind  of  corruption  to 
support  their  candidate;  and  wo  have  here  its  various 
agents  applying  for  their  pay,  but  turned  away  by  the 
Minister  from  the  front  door,  that  they  may  receive  their 
reward  indirectly  through  the  back-door  from  George 
Rose.  The  leader  of  the  gang  is  Captain  Topham,  the 
proprietor  and  editor  of  The  World,  which  had  been  the 
active  supporter  of  the  Government  on  this  occasion.  The 
other  characters  explain  themselves.  The  sailors  were 
brought  up  to  support  Hood,  their  Adminvl,  and  were 
particularly  riotous  in  their  zeal  for  the  cause. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  27 

38. 

A  PIG  IN  A  POKE.    Whist,  Whist.    Dec.  10th,  1788. 

SIR  JOSEPH  MAWBEY.    SIR  PHILIP  FRANCIS  (?)    MR.  THORNHILL  (?) 

Supposed  to  be  some  allusion  to  losing  a  political  game. 
The  principal  person  is  Sir  Joseph  Mawbey,  an  eminent 
distiller,  at  Vauxhall,  Member  for  the  County  of  Surrey, 
and  Chairman  of  the  Quarter  Sessions.  He  entered  Par- 
liament as  a  Foxite,  but  on  the  Coalition  being  turned  out, 
he  transferred  his  support  to  Pitt.  The  Opposition  wits 
then  levelled  the  keenest  shafts  of  ridicule  against  him. 
The  Rolliad  took  the  lead.  We  will  present  the  reader 
with  a  pungent  extract,  which,  no  doubt,  furnished  Gillray 
with  the  hint  of  this  print : — 

<*  A  sty  of  pigs,  though  all  at  once  it  squeaks, 
Means  not  so  much  as  Mawhej  when  he  speaks. 
And  histoiy  says  he  never  yet  had  bred 
A  pig  with  snch  a  yoice,  or  such  a  head  ! 
Except,  indeed,  when  he  essays  to  joke  I 
And  then  his  wit  is  truly  pig-in-poke." 

Our  author  concludes  his  description  of  this  great 
senator  with  the  following  distich  : — 

"  Such  adaptation  ne'er  was  seen  before, 
His  trade  a  hog  is,  and  his  wit — a  boar." 

"It  has  been  proposed  to  us  to  amend  the  spelling  of 
the  last  word  thus — bore,  this  improvement,  however,  as 
it  is  called,  we  reject  as  a  calumny.^' 

Sir  Joseph  Mawbey  having  quarrelled  with  his  steward, 
Wilkinson,  claimed  £30  as  a  balance  due  to  him.  The 
steward  denied  this,  and  Sir  Joseph  arrested  him  for  it. 
He  offered  to  release  him  on  payment  of  £20,  and  after- 
wards for  £10.  Both  sums  being  refused,  he  released 
him.  Wilkinson  then  brought  an  action  against  him,  and 
recovered  £150  damages.  This  oppressive  transaction 
is  probably  alluded  to  in  the  inscription,  "  Burn  justice,'^ 
and  "  you  have  brought  your  pigs  to  a  fine  market." 


28  OILLBAY^S   CARICATURES. 

30. 
STATE  JUGGLERS.  May  16th,  1788. 

QUEEN.  GEOBOE  III.  PITT.  WABBEN  HASTINGS.  THUBLOW. 
DUNDAS.  MABQUIS  OF  LANSDOWNE.  LOBD  SYDNEY.  LOBD 
DEBBY.      BUBKE.      FOX.       DUKE   OF  NORFOLK. 

In  this  ludicrous  performance^  the  King  and  Queen  are 
balancing  on  the  sign  of  the  Crown,  in  the  characters  of 
Punch  and  Judy,  the  Queen  rejoicing  over  a  snuff-box, 
presumed  to  be  a  bribe  from  Warren  Hastings.  Beneath 
them  Pitt  is  drawing  ribbons  of  honour  from  his  mouth, 
Thurlow  is  vomiting  forth  his  usual  volley  of  profitless 
oaths,  and  Warren  Hastings,  in  the  middle,  is  throwing 
out  a  countless  quantity  of  gold.  A  number  of  persons  in 
front  are  openly  scrambling  for  ribbons  or  money ;  while 
Fox,  lifted  up  by  Burke,  and  assisted  by  the  Duke  of 
Norfolk,  is  trying  to  catch  his  share  of  the  latter  com- 
modity on  the  sly.  The  sweep  is  intended  sarcastically 
for  the  Bight  Hon.  Frederick  Montagu,  who  was  to  have 
been  one  of  the  Commissioners  for  India,  if  Fox's  East 
India  Bill  had  passed. 

40. 

THE  VISIT  TO  PICCADILLY ;  OR,  A  PRUSSIAN 
RECEFnON.  July  12th,  1792. 

SIB  WATKIN  W.  WYNN.      DUCHESS   OF  TOBK.      LADY  WYNN. 

On  the  reported  intrigue  between  the  l^ince  of  Wales 
and  Lady  Wynn,  and  the  refusal  of  the  Duchess  of  York 
to  receive  the  latter.  Lady  Wynn  was  the  wife  of  Sir 
Watkin  W.  Wynn,  and  sister  of  the  Marquis  of  Buck- 
ingham and  Lord  Grenville.  To  render  the  allusion  more 
palpable,  she  is  drawn  as  a  Welch  Goat,  with  a  striking 
likeness  of  her  own  face,  and  the  Prince  of  Wales'  feathers 
on  her  head.  Sir  Watkin  always  took  a  prominent  part 
in  the  affairs  of  the  principality. 


POUTICAL   SERIES.  29 

41. 

THE  VULTUEE  OP  THE  CONSTITUTION. 

Jamuiry  Srd,  1789. 

PITT. 

On  the  Regency  Bill,  as  proposed  by  Pitt  in  1 798,  when 
Greorge  III.  was  first  seriously  attacked  by  his  mental 
malady.  Pitt  had  placed  so  many  restrictions  on  the 
Prince  of  Wales  in  this  Bill,  that  it  was  popularly  said  he 
had  grasped  the  Crown  for  himself,  while  he  tore  the 
feathers  from  the  Princess  Coronet. 

42. 

LORD  CHANCELLOR  THURLOW.     June  27,  1789. 

One  of  the  best  portraits  of  the  celebrated  Lord  Chan- 
cellor. 

43. 

THE  BOW  TO  THE  THRONE,  ALIAS   THE  BEG- 
GING  BOW.  May  6th,  1788. 

GEORGE  III.    WAEREN  HASTINGS.    THE  QUEEN.    PITT.    THURLOW. 

Warren  Hastings  is  here  personating  the  Begum,  or 
Princess  of  Oude  (one  of  the  personages  who  figures  pro- 
minently in  the  charges  against  the  ex-Governor  of  India) 
receiving  the  adorations  of  his  worshippers.  The  Queen 
stoops  lowest  of  all  in  her  eagerness  for  the  good  things 
of  India :  she  grasps  a  bag  of  money  in  one  hand,  while 
under  her  other  arm  is  the  box  with  the  celebrated  dia- 
mond sent  by  the  Nabob  of  Benares.  The  King  carries 
off  his  share  in  a  more  surreptitious  manner.  Hats  of 
all  kinds  held  out  behind  the  principal  worshippers, 
shew  the  eagerness  of  every  class  for  its  share  in  the 
spoils.  This  print  is  a  parody  on  a  caricature  by  Sayer, 
published  on  the  first  of  May,  and  entitled  "  The  Princess's 
Bow,  alias  the  Bow  Begum/'  Sayer's  print  represents 
the  Eastern  Princess  seated  in  the  place  here  occupied  by 


30  aiLLRAY's   CARICATURES. 

Hastings,  and  receiving  the  homage  of  Burke,  Fox,  and 
Sheridan ;  Sir  Philip  Francis,  the  bitter  enemy  of  Hastings, 
seen  beneath  her  seat,  says,  **  I  am  at  the  bottom  of  all  this  \" 
while  on  the  wall  above  hangs  a  picture  illustrative  of  the 
old  saying,  '^  Parturiunt  mantes,  ncufcitur  ridiculus  mus," 


44. 

JOHN  BULL  BAITED  BY  THE  DOGS  OF  EXCLSK. 

Ajml  9th,  1790. 

ORENVILLK.        DUNDAS.      RICHMOND.      THURLOW.        JENKINSON 

(afterwards  LORD  LIVERPOOL),  pepper  arden.  lordsydnky. 

DUKE   of   GRAFTON.      CAMDEN.       PITT.      GEORGE   ROSE. 

Referring  to  the  remarks  made  by  Sheridan  on  Pitt's 
Excise  Laws  in  the  beginning  of  April,  1790,  arising  out 
of  a  petition  for  a  repeal  of  the  excise  on  tobacco,  which 
had  been  taken  up  as  the  occasion  for  an  attack  on 
Government  by  the  Opposition.  The  dogs  with  which 
John  Bull  is  baited  are  known  by  their  collars ;  Pitt  is 
setting  them  on,  while  George  Bose  is  busy  new  painting 
the  inscription  over  the  back-door  of  the  Treasury. 


45. 

SMELLING  OUT  A  RAT ;  OR,  THE  ATHEISTICAL 
REVOLUTIONIST  DISTURBED  IN  HIS  MID- 
NIGHT CALCULATIONS.  December  3rJ,  1790. 

BUBKE.  DB.    PRICE. 

Dr.  Price,  a  Unitarian  preacher,  who  had  delivered  a 
sermon  before  the  Revolution  Society,  which  served  as  a 
sort  of  guiding-star  to  the  English  admirers  of  the  revolu- 
tion in  France,  is  disturbed  in  his  secret  study  by  the 
apparition  of  the  long  nose  of  Edmund  Burke.  Burke 
had  at  this  time  become  suddenly  an  eloquent  declaimer 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  31 

against  the  revolutionary  principles  which  had  been  pro- 
pagated on  the  other  side  of  the  water,  as  well  as  against 
the  liberal  principles  in  religion  and  politics  advocated  by 
the  Opposition  in  this  country,  and  he  had  in  consequence 
separated  himself  from  the  party  with  whom  he  had  so 
long  acted.  He  had  lately  published  his  "  Reflections  on 
the  Revolution  in  France." 

4G. 

THE  LANDING  OF  SIR  JOHN  BULL  AND  HIS 
FAMILY  AT  BOULOGNE-SUR-MER.  May  31, 1792. 

Etched  by  Gillray,  from  a  Sketch  by  Bunbury.  It  is  a 
satire  on  the  annoyances  to  which  John  Bull  was  exposed, 
even  in  time  of  peace,  if  he  ventured  to  the  Gallic  shore. 

47. 
THE     FUNERAL     PROCESSION    OF    MISS     RE- 
GENCY. April  29th,  1 789. 

BLUE  AND   BUFF   TRAIN   BEARER.  THE    PISMIRE   MARQUIS 

(LOTHIAN).    LORD  STiLLETTO  (lord  moira).    A  remnant  of 
1745,  or  the  would-be-Chancellor  (lord  Loughborough). 

Weltjie,  Clerk  of  the  Mails,  the  hair-dressing  Second  Monmers,  the 

Dishclouts,          (the  pimp.  rival  Jacobins  (She- 

Princess  Cook.)  ridan  and  Fox.) 

Chief  Mourner,  the  Unfledged  Noyiciates  The  body  of  the  de- 
Princess  of  W — ,  of  St.  Giles's  ;  or,  ceased,  supported  by 
(Mrs.  Fitzherbert.)  Charley's  delight  six  Irish  Balls. 

Unfledged     Noriciates  Ignatius          Loyola,  Apozem,    Clerk     and 

of  St.  Giles's.  (Burke.)  Apothecary, 

(J.  Hall.) 

On  the  overthrow  of  the  Regency  Bill  by  the  recovery 
of  the  King.  The  Irish  Bulls  refer  to  the  vote  of  the  Irish 
Parliament,  requesting  the  Prince  to  assume  the  Regency 
without  any  restrictions  as  far  as  regarded  Ireland.  Mrs. 
Fitzherbert,  who,  in  spite  of  the  public  denial,  was  still 
believed  to  have  been  married  to  the  Prince,  is  lamenting 


32  qtllrat's  caricatures. 

her  disappointed  ambition.  The  pismire  Marquis  is  the 
Marquis  of  Lothian.  The  first  act  of  George  III.  on  his 
recovery  was  to  dismiss  the  Duke  of  Queensberry  from  his 
situation  of  a  Lord  of  the  Bedchamber,  and  deprive  the 
Marquis  of  Lothian  of  the  command  of  his  regiment. 

Gillray  took  the  hint  for  tliis  print  from  a  tract  on  tho 
Regency,  entitled  *^  The  Death,  Dissection,  Will,  and  Fu- 
neral Procession  of  Mrs.  Regency,  with  Odes,  Songs, 
Funeral  Dirge,  &c.  Printed  at  the  Logographic  Press, 
for  John  Walter,  1789.^'  He  improved  one  part  of  the 
printed  tract  by  converting  the  six  Irish  giants,  who  bear 
the  body,  into  six  Irish  bulls.  "The  PuUaloo  PuUalo 
ogh ''  in  their  mouths  are  from  the  Irish  howl  song,  in 
the  printed  tract. 

48. 
BANDELURES.  February  28th,  1791. 

PRINCE   OF  WALES.  MRS.  FITZHERBERT.  SHERIDAN. 

An  allusion  to  some  one  of  the  scandalous  stories  of 
the  day,  relating  to  Mrs.  Fitzhcrbert.  The  Prince  is 
playing  listlessly,  with  a  Bandelure,  one  of  the  fashionable 
toys  of  the  day  for  idling  away  time. 

49. 
BARBARITIES  IN  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

April  23rd,  1791. 
On  a  debate  in  the  House  of  Commons  on  the  18th  of 
April,  1791,  upon  Wilberf creeps  motion  for  the  abolition 
of  the  Slave  Trade.  The  opponents  of  the  measure 
insisted  that  the  instances  of  cruelty  towards  slaves  in 
tho  West  Indies,  adduced  by  Wilberforco  and  his  sup- 
porters, were  generally  much  exaggerated,  and  that  in 
many  instances  they  were  ridiculous  inventions.  One  of 
the  latter  is  burlesqued  in  this  plate.  It  is  sufficiently 
explained  in  the  inscription  beneath.  Francis  was  one  of 
the  warm  supporters  of  Wilberforce  on  this  question. 


POLITICAL    SERIES.  33 

50. 

LIEUTENANT  -  GOVERNOR  GALLSTONE  IN- 
SPIRED  BY  ALECTO;  OR,  THE  BIRTH  OP 
MINERVA.  Fchruary  15th,  1790. 

The  personage  here  satirized  was  Philip  Thicknesse, 
Governor  of  Landguard  Fort,  a  writer  well  known  at  the 
time  this  plate  was  published,  for  the  bitterness  of  his 
personal  quarrels,  and  the  violent  effusions  to  which  they 
gave  rise.  He  was  the  author  of  a  Sketch  of  the  Life  of 
the  celebrated  landscape  painter,  Gainsborough,  whose 
failings  he  exposes  somewhat  more  than  might  be  ex- 
pected from  a  friendly  biographer.  Various  other  writings 
are  alluded  to  with  sufficient  distinctness  in  the  plate. 

51. 
TAMING   OP  THE   SHREW  — KATHARINE   AND 
PETRUCHIO.— THE   MODERN  QUIXOTE;    OR, 
WHAT  YOU  WILL.  April  20th,  1791. 

PITT.  CATHARINE    OF    RUSSIA.  DUMOUEIEZ. 

On  the  attempted  intermediation  of  Great  Britain, 
backed  by  Prussia  and  Holland,  between  Russia  and 
Turkey,  in  the  spring  of  1 791.  Austria  and  France  are 
giving  encouragement  to  the  Empress  Catharine.  Turkey, 
which  was  suffering  severely,  takes  shelter  behind  Pitt 
and  his  supporters,  who  have  ridden  rather  roughly  the 
Hanoverian  horse. 

52. 

THE  IMPEACHMENT;  OR,  THE  FATHER  OF  THE 
GANG  TURNED  KING'S  EVIDENCE. 

May,  1791. 

SHERIDAN.  BURKE.  FOX. 

On  the  violent  quarrel  between  Burke  on  the  one  hand, 
and  Pox  and  Sheridan  on  the  other,  in  the  debates  in  the 
House  of  Commons  on  the  6th  and  1 1th  of  May,  nfter 
which  Burke  separated  entirely  from  the  party  with  which 

3 


34  GILLRAY^S    CAUlCATLIiEH. 

he  had  so  long  acted.  The  party  of  Fox  and  Shcridiin 
were  looked  upon,  and  looked  upon  themselves,  as  Burke's 
political  disciples  ;  and  the  Tories,  who  rejoiced  in  this 
quarrel,  represented  him  as  turning  evidence  against  them, 
and  impeaching  his  own  political  children. 

53. 

GUY  VAUX  DISCOVERED  IN  HIS  ATTE^fPT  TO 

DESTROY  TUE   KING   AND   THE   HOUSE   OP 

LORDS:  HIS  COMPANIONS  ATTEMPTING  TO 

ESCAPE.  May  Uth,  1791. 

FOX.  BURKE.  SHERIDAN. 

Another  caricature  on  the  same  subject  as  the  preced- 
ing. At  this  time  Gillray  worked  for  the  rival  publishers. 
Fores  and  Humphreys,  who  respectively  published  these 
prints ;  at  a  subsequent  period  the  Caricaturist  bound 
himself  to  work  only  for  the  latter. 

Fox  is  here,  by  a  pun  upon  his  name,  represented  under 
the  character  of  Guy  Vaux,  Burke,  who  in  the  preceding 
print  had  turned  King's  evidence,  is  laying  open  the  plots 
of  his  late  colleagues.  The  other  accomplices,  Sheridan, 
&c.,  are  saving  themselves  by  flight.  Sheridan  seceded 
from  the  Opposition  fur  a  short  time  after  the  quarrel  in 
the  House  of  Commons,  on  the  subject  of  the  French  Re- 
volution ;  it  was  his  violence  which  had  partly  embittered 
the  dispute. 

THE  RIGHTS  OF  MAN.  May  23a?,  1791. 

A  satire  upon  Thomas  Paine,  who  had  been  a  tailor,  or, 
more  properly  speaking,  a  stay-maker,  in  Norfolk,  had 
then  been  an  exciseman,  and  subsequently  made  his  re- 
treat to  America,  whence  he  returned  to  Europe  to  take 
a  violent  part  in  the  revolutionary  struggle,  in  supi)urt  of 
wliich  he  had  recently  published  his  '*  Rights  of  Man.'^ 
Ciillray  was  not  acquainted  with  Paino's  personal  appear- 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  85 

ance^  but  he  represents  him  here  under  the  conyentional 
figure  which  he  had  adopted  for  all  French  Bepnblicans. 

55. 
THE  NATIONAL  ASSEMBLY  PETRIFIED.    THE 
NATIONAL  ASSEMBLY  REVIVIFIED. 

June  28th,  1791. 
This  is  a  clever  and  a  rather  celebrated  caricature,  on 
the  dismay  with  which  the  violent  democrats  in  Paris  were 
struck  when  they  were  informed  of  the  King^s  flight,  and 
on  their  joy  at  the  arrival  of  the  intelligence  of  his  arrest 
at  Varennes. 

56. 
ALECTO   AND   HER  TRAIN  AT  THE  GATE  OP 
PANDEMONIUM ;  OR,  THE  RECRUITING  SER- 
JEANT ENLISTING   JOHN  BULL    INTO    THE 
REVOLUTION  SERVICE.  July  Uh,  1791. 

SHERIDAN.  FOX.         LORD  STANHOPE. 

On  the  supposed  design  of  the  party  headed  by  Fox  and 
Sheridan  to  enlist  the  people  of  England  in  the  same  revo- 
lutionary cause  which  now  flourished  in  Prance.  The 
Crown  and  Anchor  Tavern,  in  the  Strand,  was  the  grand 
place  of  meeting  of  the  Revolution  Society.  Lord  Stan- 
hope, who  rendered  himself  remarkable  by  his  strong 
democratic  principles,  was  supposed  at  this  moment  to  be 
hesitating  in  the  part  he  was  to  take  in  politics.  Lord 
Stanhope  married  Lady  Hester  Pitt,  daughter  of  the  first 
Lord  Chatham,  and  sister  to  William  Pitt,  the  Minister. 

52. 

THE  HOPES  OP  THE  PARTY  PRIOR  TO  JULY 
14th.  Prom  such  wicked  Crown  and  Anchor  Dreams, 
GOOD  Lord  deliver  us.  July  \Wi,  1791. 

HORNE  TOOKE.      GEO.  III.      FOX.      SHERIDAN.      DR.  PRIESTLEY. 
SIR  CECIL  WRAY.  THE  QUEEN.  PITT. 

The  result  which,  it  was  supposed,  the  deliberations  at 

3  * 


V 


36  uillray'ss  caricatures. 

the  Crown  and  Anchor  portended.  Sir  Cecil  Wray,  the 
opponent  of  Fox  in  the  Westminster  Election  of  1781, 
had  now  joined  the  Opposition  ;  he  was  accused  of  limiting 
his  household  very  strictly  in  the  article  of  small  beer,  and 
this  had  been  a  subject  of  jokes  and  caricatures  without 
end  at  the  Westminster  Election.  The  14th  of  July  was 
the  day  of  the  dinner  at  Birmingham,  in  celebration  of  the 
anniversary  of  the  French  Revolution,  alluded  to  more 
particularly  in  the  following  caricature. 

58. 
A  BIRMINGHAM  TOAST,  as  given  on  the  Uth  July, 
BY  THE  Revolution  Society.  Juh/  29///,  1791. 

8HEBIDAN.  DR.    PEIESTLEY.  SIR   CECIL   WRAY. 

FOX.  HORNE   TOOKE.  DR.   PRICE. 

On  the  dinner  in  commemoration  of  the  French  Revolu- 
tion, held  at  Birmingham,  on  ITiursday  the  1  kh  of  July, 
1791,  which  gave  rise  to  the  celebrated  Birmingham  riots, 
in  which  so  much  property  was  destroyed.  Some  of  the 
more  prominent  of  the  Liberal  party  arc  here  placed  round 
the  table,  while  Priestley,  with  the  holy  chalice  and  salver, 
is  giving  a  toast,  which  their  opponents  said  was  the  one 
most  agreeable  to  their  principles.  A  sample  of  Priestley's 
Puritans  are  seen  behind.  Dr.  l^rice^s  congregation  at 
Haekney  is  alluded  to  by  the  picture  suspended  against 
the  wall,  as  the  sort  of  congregation  that  was  to  be  intro- 
duced into  St.  Paul's. 


^'... 


AN    EXCRESCENCE  — A    FUNGUS  — ALIAS,     A 
TOADSTOOL  UPON  A  DUNGUILL.  Dtc20, 1791. 

WILLIAM  pirr. 
The  upstart  thing  which  the  Opposition  said  was  at  this 
timo  engnifting  itself  upon  the  Crown,  and  becoming 
superior   to   the    Crown    itself — a    political    mushroom, 
springing  up  on  the  hot-bud  of  royal  favour. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  37 

60. 

THE    SOLDIER'S    RETURN;    OR,    RARE    NEWS 
FOR  OLD  ENGLAND.  November  Uth,  1791. 

THE  DUES  AND  DUCHESS  OF  TORE. 

On  the  marriage  of  the  Duke  of  York  with  the  Princess 
Frederika,  eldest  daughter  of  the  King  of  Prussia,  which 
took  place  at  Berlin,  on  the  Ist  of  October,  1791.  The 
royal  couple  arrived  at  Dover,  on  their  way  to  London,  on 
the  21st  of  the  same  month.  The  beauty  of  the  Duchess, 
her  diminutive  foot,  and  the  money  she  brought  to  her 
husband,  were  common  subjects  of  conversation  at  the 
time  this  caricature  was  published. 

61. 
THE  INTRODUCTION.  November  22nd,  1791. 

DUKE  AND  DUCHESS  OF  70BE.     THE  QUEEN.     OEOBOE  UI. 

The  Duke  and  his  Prussian  Bride  are  here  received  by 
George  and  his  Queen,  who  seem  to  be  exclusively  in- 
terested in  the  tempting  burthen,  of  which  she  is  the 
bearer.  A  Prussian  guard — one  of  the  old  King  of 
Prussians  tall  corps — is  the  carrier  of  the  rich  dower. 

62. 
THE  YORK  MINUET.  December  Uth,  1791. 

DUCHESS  OF  TOBE.         DUEE  OF  TORE. 

Another  print  on  the  subject  of  the  Duke  of  York's 
Marriage.  The  Duchess  was  celebrated  for  the  smallness 
of  her  foot,  which  this  dance  is  intended  to  exhibit  to 
advantage. 

63. 
THE  YORK  REVERENCE  ;   OR,  CITY  LOYALTY 
AMPLY  REWARDED.  December  27th,  1791. 

DUCHESS  OF  YORE.         DUEE  OF  YORE. 

On  the  reception  of  the  Address  congratulatory  on  the 


88  oillrat's  caricatures. 

marriage  of  the  Duke  of  York^  presented  to  the  Duke  and 
Duchess^  on  the  19th  of  December,  1791,  by  the  Lord 
Mayor,  Aldermen,  Sheriffs,  and  Common  Council  of  the 
City  of  London.  It  is  difficult  to  say  which  of  the  Royal 
Pair  excels  in  the  condescension  with  which  the  City 
Address  is  here  received  and  acknowledged.  The  reve- 
rence of  the  Duchess  is  so  extreme,  as  to  entitle  it  to  the 
honour  of  knighthood. 

64. 

FRENCH  DEMOCRATS  SURPRISING  THE  ROYAL 
RUNAWAYS.  June  27th,  1 791 . 

LOUIS  XVI.  THE   DAUPHIN.  MARIE   ANTOINETTE. 

A  burlesque  upon  a  very  serious  event,  the  arrest  of 
the  unfortunate  Louis  XVI.  and  his  family  at  Varennes, 
on  the  22nd  of  June,  1791,  after  their  flight  from  Paris. 

66. 

THE  KNAVE  WINS  ALL.  MODERN  HOSPI- 
TALITY;  OR,  A  FRIENDLY  PARTY  IN  HIGH 
LIFE.  March  SUt,  1792. 

LADT  ARCHES.  PB.  OF  WALES.  LADT  BUCKINOHAHSHIBE.  FOX. 

A  satire  on  the  gambling  propensities  of  the  age,  which 
were  the  bane  of  private  society,  and  to  which  the  Prince 
of  Wales  and  his  friend  Fox  were  both  victims.  Lady 
Archer  (an  old  and  faded  beauty,  celebrated  for  having 
her  face  enamelled),  at  whose  house  this  party  is  supposed 
to  be  held,  was  well  known  as  a  victimizer. 

66. 
FRYING  SPRATS,    the  queen.  Nov.  28th,  1791. 

67. 
TOASTING  MUFFINS,    geobqb  hi.    Nov.  28th,  1791. 
These  two  subjects  form  a  bitter  satire  on  the  econo* 


POLITICAL    SERIES.  39 

mical  and  domestic  habits  of  George  III.  and  liis  Queen* 
It  was  a  bold  stretch  of  the  Liberty  of  the  Press,  which 
thus  exposed  to  public  view  the  private  failings  of  Majesty. 
With  such  habits,  we  are  not  surprised  to  see  that  the 
Queen's  savings  exceed  the  capacity  of  her  pocket. 

68. 
WEIRD  SISTERS— MINISTERS  OF  DARKNESS- 
MINIONS  OP  THE  MOON.        December  23rd,  1791. 

DXJNDAS.  PITT.  THUELOW. 

The  plate  is  a  parody  on  Puseli's  painting  of  the 
"  Weird  Sisters.^' 

"  Among  the  political  caricatures  which  appeared  in  the 
shops  of  the  capital  about  this  time,  was  a  print  repre- 
senting the  Chancellor,  Pitt,  and  Dundas,  in  the  characters 
of  the  '  three  weird  sisters,'  wildly,  but  characteristically 
attired,  standing  on  a  heath,  intently  gazing  on  the  full 
moon.  Her  orb  appears  half  enlightened,  half  eclipsed. 
The  part  averted,  which  remains  in  darkness,  contains  the 
King's  profile.  On  the  other  side,  resplendent  with  light, 
and  graciously  regarding  the  three  gazers,  was  portrayed 
a  head  of  the  Queen.  The  circumstance  of  Dundas  being 
thus  ranked  with  Pitt  and  Thurlow,  sufficiently  indicates 
the  degree  of  political  consideration  which  he  attracted, 
and  how  much  higher  he  stood  in  the  public  estimation, 
as  a  man  possessed  of  power  or  influence,  than  any  of  the 
remaining  Cabinet  Ministers.  He  was,  in  fact,  far  supe- 
rior to  either  of  the  Secretaries  of  State  in  real  weight 
and  consequence." — WraxalVs  Posthumous  Memoirs ^voL  3, 
pages  309-310. 

69. 
THE    PACIPIC    ENTRANCE    OP    EARL    WOLF 
INTO  BLACKHAVEN.  Januanj  20th,  1 792. 

LORD  LONSDALE. 

The  Wolf  hero  represented  was  Sir  James  Lowthcr,  of 


40  GILLBAY^S   CARICATURES. 

great  celebrity  in  the  history  of  borough-mongering,  and 
especially  in  connection  with  the  town  of  Whitehaven, 
the  place  here  alluded  to.  Gillray's  caricature  refers 
to  a  dispute  between  this  nobleman  and  the  town  of 
Whitehaven,  in  consequence  of  which  his  Lordship  sus- 
pended the  working  of  his  coal  mines,  and  the  townsmen 
were  thus  induced  to  make  an  abject  submission.  It  is 
the  subject  of  Peter  Pindar's  '^Epistle  to  the  Earl  of 
Lonsdale.'^ 

Peter  Pindar,  in  this  and  several  other  poetical  effu- 
sions, had  attacked  the  Earl  with  his  usual  wit  and  caustic 
severity.  Lord  Lonsdale  brought  an  action  against  him 
for  a  libel.  Peter  was  alarmed,  and  made  the  most 
humble  submission.  Lord  Lonsdale  consented  to  stop 
the  proceedings  on  a  promise  that  he  would  never  again 
mention  him  in  his  writings. 

*'  The  reader  (says  the  KoUiad)  will  not  forget  the 
declaration  of  this  great  man,  that  he  was  in  possession 
of  the  Land,  the  Fire,  and  the  Water  of  the  Town  of 
Whitehaven. 

"  E'en  by  the  Elements  his  Power  confessed. 
Of  Mines  and  Boroughs  Lonsdale  stands  possessed. 
And  one  sad  serritnde  alike  denotes, 
The  slave  that  labours,  and  the  slave  that  votes.** 

Junius  calls  him  the  contemptible  Tyrant  of  the  North. 
By  the  influence  of  Sir  James  Lowther,  Mr.  Pitt  obtained 
his  first  seat  in  Parliament  in  1781.  This  was  done  in 
compliance  with  the  request  of  the  Duke  of  Rutland,  with 
whom  Pitt  had  formed  an  intimate  friendship,  when  they 
were  follow  students  at  Cambridge.  In  return  for  this 
obligation,  Mr.  Pitt,  when  he  became  Prime  Minister  in 
1 784,  elevated  him  to  a  seat  in  the  House  of  Peers  by  the 
title  of  Earl  Lonsdale,  thus  overleaping  the  two  inferior 
stages  of  the  peerage.  It  might  have  been  supposed,  that 
this  remuneration  was  fully  ailequate  to  his  pretensions 
and  services.     But  on  the  Gazette  being  published,  his 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  41 

name  appearing  at  the  bottom  of  the  list  of  newly  created 
Earls^  he  threatened  to  reject  the  Earldom,  and  means 
were  with  diflScnlty  found  to  allay  his  irritation.  On  his 
Law-agent's  Coat  is  inscribed  Black- Stone. 


70. 
A  UNIFORM  WHIG.  November  16fA,  1791. 

EDMUND    BURKE. 

Burke,  in  his  new-bom  loyalty,  is  leaning  against  a 
pedestal,  on  which  the  bust  of  George  III.  is  placed.  In 
his  reverie  he  is  contemplating  his  expected  pension  in  per- 
spective as  a  reward  for  his  Reflections  on  the  French  Revo- 
lution. On  one  side  the  Advocate  of  Liberty  is  in  rags, 
with  empty  pockets ;  on  the  other,  leaning  upon  a  more 
substantial  prop,  his  rags  have  disappeared,  and  his  pockets 
are  overflowing. 

71. 
HER    ROYA.L    HIGHNESS    THE    DUCHESS    OP 
YORK.  April  10th,  1792. 

This  is  understood  to  be  an  excellent  portrait  of  the 
Duchess  of  York,  who  has  already  figured  in  several  of  the 
preceding  Caricatures. 

72. 

A   SPHERE  PROJECTING   AGAINST  A  PLANE. 

Janiuiry  3rd,  1792. 

PITT.  LADY    BUCKINOHAMSHIBB. 

The  Sphere  is  said  to  represent  Lady  Buckinghamshire, 
and  there  is  probably  an  allusion  to  some  forgotten  rumour 
of  the  day. 


42  gillray's  cakicatukes. 

73. 
THE  BOTTOMLESS  PITT.  March  I6th,  1792. 

WILLIAM  rriT. 
This  is  another  satire  on  the  personal  appearance  of  the 
Minister,  and  is  said  to  give  a  very  accurate  idea  of  his 
general  manner  when  speaking.  In  the  warmth  of  debate 
he  had  let  fall  an  unguarded  j)hrase,  which  was  tortured 
by  the  wits  of  the  day  into  a  joke  upon  his  person. 

74. 
PATRIOTS      AMUSING      THEMSELVES  ;        OR, 
SWEDES    PRACTISING    AT    A   POST. 

April  19//1,  1792. 

OEOBGB   III.  FOX.  PRIESTLEY.  SHEfilDAN. 

On  the  designs  which  the  Tories  attributed  to  the  Oppo- 
sition, or,  as  they  called  them,  the  Revolutionary  Party  in 
England,  who  they  believed,  or  pretended  to  believe,  wero 
willing  to  imitate  the  example  of  the  Swedish  regicide, 
Ankerstrom.  The  faces  of  the  revolutionaiy  triumvimto 
are  more  coarsely  burlesqued  tlian  is  usual  with  Gillray. 
The  post  at  which  they  are  practising  is  very  ingeniously 
worked  into  a  rough  contour  of  King  George. 

75. 
TUE  BISHOP  OF  A  TUN\S  BREECHES ;  OR,  THE 
FLAMING  EVEQUE  PURIFYING  THK  HOUSE 
OF  OFFICE.  May  Uth,  1792. 

TALLEYRAND. 

The  person  most  prominent  in  this  picture  is  the  cele- 
brated Talleyrand,  who  was  Bishop  of  Autun,  and  was 
now  signalizing  himself  by  his  pretended  zeal  in  the  cause 
of  the  revolution.  It  is  a  satire  on  the  supposed  influence 
of  the  revolutionary  movement  in  Franco  upon  England, 
and  the  allusion  is  no  doubt  to  an  event  which  occurred  in 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  43 

the  May  of  1 792  in  London,  when  the  House  of  Commons 
narrowly  escaped  being  burnt.  A  pair  of  corduroy  breeches 
was  found  thi*ust  into  the  ceiling  above  the  water-closet 
in  a  state  of  combustion,  which  excited  considerable  sus- 
picion of  a  design  to  destroy  the  Parliament  House,  but 
no  incendiary  was  ever  discovered. 

76. 

DESIGN   FOR  THE  NEW   GALLERY  OF  BUSTS 
AND    PICTURES.  Mwrch  17th,  1793. 

FOX. 

In  1791,  Pitt  in  conjunction  with  Prussia  and  Holland, 
had  prepared  a  powerful  armament  to  compel  the  Empress 
Catharine  to  give  up  Ockzakow,  which  she  had  seized. 
Fox  so  successfully  opposed  the  Russian  armament  that 
Pitt  found  himself  compelled  either  to  resi;^n,  or  abandon 
the  armament.  He  did  not  hesitate  to  assert  that,  Russia 
was  indebted  for  the  retention  of  her  conquest  to  the 
opposition  he  had  encountered  in  the  House.  The  Em- 
press Catharine  was  highly  gratified  with  the  resnlt,  which 
she  attributed  to  the  powerful  eloquence  of  Fox,  and 
placed  his  bust  in  her  Gallery  between  those  of  Demos- 
thenes and  Cicero.  The  Court  party  delighted  in  stig- 
matizing Fox  as  the  modem  Cataline.  The  verses  from 
the  Poetry  of  the  Anti-Jacobin  were  added  after  its 
original  publication. 

77. 
MALAGRIDA  DRIVING  POST.       March  16th,  1792. 

DUNDAS.  PITT.  THB   ICABQUIS   OF  LANSDOWNE. 

FOX.  SHERIDAN. 

On  a  report  spread  at  this  time  that  a  change  of  Minis- 
try was  at  hand,  and  that  the  Marquis  of  Lansdowne  (who, 
as  Lord  Shelburne,  had  obtained  the  nickname  of  Mala- 
grida),  would  be  called  to  the  head  of  affairs.     His  Lord- 


44  GILLRAV'S    CARICATURES. 

ship  is  driving  in  all  haste  to  St.  James's,  as  Pitt  and 
Dundas  are  hurrying  away ;  and  behind  are  the  chiefs  of 
the  Opposition,  eager  to  share  in  the  good  fortune  of  the 
successful  candidate  for  power. 

78. 
ANTISACCHAEITES ;  OR,  JOHN  BULL  AND  HIS 
FAMILY  LEAVING  OFF  THE  USE  OF  SUGAR. 

March  27th,  1792. 

QEORQE   III.  THE   QUEEN.  THE    PRINCESSES. 

The  Royal  Pair  sotting  an  example  of  economy,  which 
appears  by  no  means  agreeable  to  all  the  family.  Peter 
Pindar  is  said  to  have  composed  a  poem  on  this  subject, 
which  ho  destroyed  before  it  was  printed. 

79. 
SCOTCH    HARRY'S    NEWS;    OR,    NINCUMPOOP 

IN  HIGH  GLEE.  May  2Srd,  1792. 

GEORGE  III.         THE  QUEEN.         DUNDAS. 

On  the  arrival  of  intelligence  of  the  great  success  of 
the  English  arms  in  India,  and  of  the  conclusion  of  peace 
with  Tippoo  Saib.  The  Indian  Affairs  were  Dundas's 
special  and  favourite  department. 

80. 

VICES   OVERLOOKED   IN   THE  NEW    PROCLA- 

MATI ON.  May  24//i,  1 792. 

Avarice,                Drunkenness,  Gambling, 

KING  AND  QUEEN.  PRINCE  OF  WALES.  DUKE  OP  YORK. 

Debauchery, 

DUKE   OF   CLARENCE   AND  MBS.   JORDAN. 

A  satire  on  the  Royal  Family,  which  requires  no  expla- 
nation, further  than  to  state  that  it  is  a  parody  on  a  Royal 
Proclamation  which  had  recently  appeared. 


POLITICAL    SERIES.  45 

81. 

AUSTRIAN   BUGABOO   FUNKING  THE  FRENCH 
ARMY.  May  12fh,  1792. 

On  the  war  which  had  just  broken  out  between  France 
and  Austria,  and  some  reverses  which. the  former  had  at 
first  sustained  in  their  hostilities  against  the  Emperor  in 
Flanders.  It  is  hardly  necessary  to  say  that  the  exultation 
expressed  in  this  caricature  was  of  very  short  duration. 

82. 
THE   FALL   OF   THE  WOLSEY  OF  THE  WOOL- 
SACK. May  2Uh,  1792. 

GEOEGE  III.  THDRLOW.  LOED  GRENYILLE.  PITT. 

Early  in  1792,  Mr.  Pitt  had  introduced  a  Bill  for  the 
continuance  of  the  Sinking  Fund,  and  a  clause  enacting 
that  in  every  future  loan,  a  sum  should  be  appropriated  for 
its  redemption.  This  Act  passed  the  Commons  with  gene- 
ral approbation.  In  the  House  of  Lords  it  encountered  a 
most  unexpected  opposition  from  the  Lord  Chancellor. 
He  inveighed  against  it  with  the  greatest  acrimony  and 
personality,  ridiculing  the  presumption  of  attempting  to 
bind  future  Parliaments.  '^  None  but  a  novice,  a  syco- 
phant, a  mere  reptile  of  a  Minister,  would  allow  this  Act 
to  prevent  his  doing  what  the  circumstances  of  the  country 
might  require  at  the  time.  The  inaptitude  of  the  project 
is  equal  to  the  vanity  of  the  attempt."  Thurlow's  speech 
made  so  great  an  impression  on  the  Lords,  that  the 
Minister's  measure  was  only  carried  by  a  majority  of  six. 
The  next  day.  May  16,  Mr.  Pitt  required  his  dismissal, 
to  which  the  King  assented,  but  for  the  convenience  of 
public  business,  ho  was  allowed  to  retain  the  seals,  till  the 
close  of  the  Session,  June  15.  Thurlow  was  astounded  at 
the  King's  ready  acquiescence,  and  said  to  his  friend.  Sir 
John  Scott  (afterwards  Lord  Eldon),  "  I  did  not  think  that 
the  King  would  have  parted  with  me  so  easily.    As  to  that 


46  qillivly's  caricatures. 

other  man,  he  has  done  to  me  just  what  I  should  have 
done  to  him,  if  I  could/'  Lord  Grenville,  who  had  received 
a  number  of  lucrative  appointments,  is  represented  as 
suggesting  that  the  Chancellorship  might  with  propriety 
be  added  to  them. 


83. 
A    GOOD    SHOT;     OR,    BILLY    RANGER,   THE 
GAMEKEEPER,  IN  A  FINE  SPORTING   COUN- 
TRY.  Febrvary  Ist,  1792. 

LORD   GRENVILLE. 

William  Wyndham  Grenville,  who  had  been  elevated  to 
the  peerage  as  Baron  Grenville,  in  1 790.  On  the  18th  of 
July,  1 792,  he  married  the  Hon.  Anne  Pitt,  sister  of  Lord 
Camelford.  He  was  himself  first  cousin  to  William  Pitt, 
and  at  this  time  he  held,  among  other  lucrative  offices, 
those  of  Ranger  of  St.  James's  and  Hyde  Parks,  and 
Secretaiy  of  State  for  Foreign  Affairs.  His  supposed 
eagerness  for  place  and  emolument  is  the  object  of  satire 
in  the  present  caricature. 

84. 

A  CONNOISSEUR  EXAMINING  A  COOPER. 

June  18th,  1792. 

GEORGE  III. 

The  King  examining  Cooper's  portrait  of  Oliver  Crom- 
well. The  parsimonious  manners  of  the  Monarch  are 
satirized  in  the  save-all,  by  means  of  which  he  uses  up  the 
last  fragment  of  the  candle. 

Gillray  had  recently  accompanied  Loutherbourg  the 
painter  into  France,  to  assist  in  making  sketches  for  his 
grand  picture  of  the  Siege  of  Valenciennes.  After  their 
return,  the  King,  who  made  great  pretensions  to  taste, 
desired  to  look  at  their  Sketches.     Uo  was  already  pro- 


POLITICAL    SERIES.  47 

judiced  against  Gillray  for  his  Political  Caricatures,  aud 
not  understanding  the  rough  style  in  which  he  had  made 
his  spirited  sketches  of  French  oflBcers  and  soldiers,  he 
threw  them  down  contemptuously,  with  the  mere  hasty 
observation,  "I  donH  understand  these  caricatures  !"  while 
he  expressed  the  greatest  admiration  at  Loutherbourg's 
more  finished  and  intelligible  drawings  of  landscapes  and 
buildings.  Gillray,  who  was  mortified  at  the  neglect  shewn 
towards  himself,  and  was  not  at  this  time  pensioned  by 
the  Court,  revenged  himself  by  publishing  the  picture  of 
the  Monarch  contemplating  the  features  of  the  great 
enemy  of  Kings,  who  was  an  object  of  particular  abhor- 
rence to  George  III.,  and  observed,  *'I  wonder  if  the 
Royal  Connoisseur  will  understand  this  ?" 

85. 
A    VOLUPTUARY    UNDER  THE    HORRORS    OP 
DIGESTION.  July  2nd,  1792. 

THE   PRINCE   OP  WALES. 

A  bitter  satire  on  the  Heir  to  the  Throne,  who  was  at 
this  time  celebrated  for  his  voluptuousness,  and  for  the 
pecuniary  diflBculties  in  which  he  was  constantly  involved, 
in  consequence  of  his  expensive  habits.  The  picture  is 
full  of  allusions,  which  tell  their  own  story. 

86. 
TEMPERANCE  ENJOYING  A  FRUGAL  MEAL. 

July  28th,  1792. 

THE   QUEEN.  OEORQE  III. 

This  plate  is  properly  a  companion  to  the  former,  and  is 
no  less  severe  on  the  saving  and  parsimonious  habits  of 
the  King  and  Queen,  than  the  other  on  their  son's  extra- 
vagance. It  is  one  of  Gillray 's  finest  works,  and  it  is 
hardly  necessary  to  point  out  the  admirable  manner  in 
which  every  little  accessory  is  made  to  bear  upon  the 
general  subject. 


48  gillray's  caricatures. 

8(5.* 
SIN,  DEATH,  AND  THE  DEVIL.        June  9th,  1792. 

PITT.  THE   QUEEN.  LORD  THURLOW. 

On  the  quarrel  between  Pitt  and  Thurlow,  which  ended 
in  the  dismissal  of  the  latter  from  the  Chancellorship.  It 
was  said  that  the  Qaeen's  influence  at  this  time  kept  Pitt 
in  power,  the  King  hesitating  for  some  time  between  his 
attachment  to  Thurlow  and  his  sense  of  the  value  of  Pitt's 
services.  Pitt,  in  the  character  of  Death,  shelters  himself 
under  the  Crown,  and  combats  with  the  Sceptre.  Satan's  ^ 
weapon,  the  Chancellor's  mace,  is  breaking  in  the  struggle. 
The  hell  hoimds  bear  the  visages  of  Dundas,  Grenville, 
&c.  This  is  without  doubt  one  of  the  boldest  pictorial 
parodies  that  was  ever  published :  it  is  said  to  have  given 
gi'eat  offence  at  Court,  and  not  without  reason. 

87. 
UN  PETIT  SOUPER  A  LA  PARISIENNE ;    OR,  A 
FAMILY    OF    SANS-CULOTTES    REFRESHING 
AFTER  THE  FATIGUES  OF  THE  DAY. 

Septcinher  2Wi,  1792. 
On  the  horrible  massacres  perpetrated  by  the  Parisian 
mob  in  the  September  of  1792.  It  is  one  of  the  first  of 
the  series  of  prints  by  which  the  Caricaturist  contributed 
BO  much  towards  the  hatred  with  which  the  English  people 
were  beginning  to  look  upon  the  French  Revolutionists. 

88. 

THE  RECEPTION  OF  THE  DIPLOMATIQUE  AND 
HIS  SUITE,  AT  THE  COURT  OP  PEKIN. 

Sepfemhcr  UWj,  1792. 

THE  EMPEROR  KIEN  LONG.      LORD  MACARTNEY.      MR.  HilTTNER. 

SIR  QEORQE  STAUNTON. 

A  caricature  on  Lord  Macartney^s  Embassy  to  China, 
and  on  the  little  which  the  Ambassador  and  his  govern- 
ment arc  presumed  to  have  known  of  the  manners  and 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  47* 

tastes  of  the  people  they  were  desirous  of  conciliating. 
The  sabject  afforded  frequent  occasion  to  Peter  Pindar  for 
the  exercise  of  his  wit.  Chinese  etiquette  is^  that  extreme 
prostrations  should  be  made  before  the  Emperor,  which 
it  was  intimated  Lord  Macartney  would  not  conform  to. 
The  whole  contour  of  the  Emperor  is  indicative  of  cun- 
ning and  contempt.  The  German  face  bringing  in  the 
cage  is,  no  doubt,  intended  for  the  late  Mr.  Hiittner,  of 
the  Foreign  Office,  who  accompanied  Lord  Macartney, 
as  interpreter,  and  published  his  own  account  of  the 
Embassy,  in  German,  Berlin,  1797. 

As  soon  as  Lord  Macartney  had  declined  to  make  the 
required  prostrations,  as  unbecoming  the  Representative 
of  his  Sovereign,  he  was  dismissed  from  the  presence  of 
the  Emperor  without  the  least  ceremony.  On  his  return 
to  his  residence  he  was  ordered  to  quit  Pekin  the  second 
day  after  receiving  the  notice.  He  represented  that  so 
short  an  interval  was  insufficient  to  make  the  nesessary  ar- 
rangements for  the  journey,  and  urgently  solicited  a  respite 
of  only  two  days,  this  however  was  peremptorily  refused. 

^neas  Anderson,  an  attach^  to  Lord  Macartney^ s 
Embassy,  also  published  an  account,  in  which  he  gives 
this  vivid  description  of  the  treatment  the  Embassy  expe- 
rienced at  Pekin.  "  We  entered  Pekin  like  Paupers,  re- 
mained in  it  like  Prisoners,  and  departed  from  it  like 
Vagrants." 

89. 
THE  BENGAL  LEVEE.  November  9th,  1792. 

1.  COL.  BOSS.*         (2.  &  3.  unknown.)         4.  mr.  wiLTON.f 

5.  COL.  ACHMUTY.];       (6.  UnknOWU.)       7.  MB.  BLAQniEBB.§ 
8.  XB.  GINETTI.||        9.  MB.  MILLEB.        10.  LOBD  COBNWALLIS.^ 

The  amateur  artist  from  whose  sketch  Gillray  etched 

*  The  first  figure,  hand  in  pocket 

t  The  slender  figure,  with  hanging  seals.      %  '^^  stout  figure  in  centre. 
§  Taking  snuff.  §  CouTersing  witli  Mr.  Miller. 

%  In  the  back  ground,  his  right  hand  on  his  star. 

4 


48*  gillray's  caricatures. 

this  print  is  said  to  have  been  General  Stevenson.  It  re- 
presents the  Levee  of  the  Governor-General,  Lord  Com- 
wallis,  at  the  Government  House,  Calcutta,  and  contains 
portraits  of  all  the  persons  of  any  note  then  employed  in 
the  pubUc  service  in  India ;  but,  though  evidently  por- 
traits, few  of  them  can  now  be  recognized.  The  figure  to 
the  extreme  right,  in  the  background,  is  Earl  Comwallis. 
Sir  John  Shore,  afterwards  Lord  Teignmouth,  succeeded 
Lord  Comwallis,  as  Gt)vemor- General  of  India,  in  1792, 
and  is  probably  among  the  persons  here  represented,  but 
we  do  not  recognize  him. 

90. 
THE  SLOUGH  OP  DESPOND;  vide  THE  PATRIOT'S 
PROGRESS.  January  2nd,  1793. 

FOX. 

The  horrors  committed  by  the  Revolutionists  in  France 
during  the  year  1792  had,  in  the  beginning  of  1793,  pro- 
duced a  strong  feeling  in  England,  and  strengthened  Pitt's 
Ministry,  while  it  was  a  proportionate  discouragement  to 
the  Opposition.  There  were  several  secessions  from  the 
Whig  party  in  consequence  of  the  alarm  which  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  French  Patriots  created  in  this  country, 
and  the  seceders  went  by  the  name  of  the  Alarmists.  In 
the  debate  on  the  Address,  in  which  Fox's  splendid  elo- 
quence shone  even  more  than  usual,  his  party  was  in  a 
very  small  minority,  and  he  is  here  represented  as  almost 
lost  in  the  despondency  in  which  the  weakness  of  his  party 
had  involved  him.  It  is  a  clever  parody  on  the  sufferings 
of  the  Christian  pilgrim  in  John  Bunyan's  Pilgrim's  Pro- 
gress. 

91. 
TOM  PAINE'S  NIGHTLY  PEST.       Bee.  lOth,  1792. 

vox.  TOM   PAINK.  DR.    PRIESTLEY. 

In  the  December  of  1792,  Paino,  who  was  in  France, 
and  therefore  out  of  the  reach  of  tjhe  law^  was  prosecuted 


/ 


/ 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  49 

and  found  guilty  of  a  libel  contained  in  the  second  part 
of  his  "  Rights  of  Man/'  He  is  here  represented  on  his 
couch  of  poverty,  dreaming  of  the  punishments  which 
awaited  his  political  crimes.  At  the  time  when  this  print 
was  published,  the  prosecution  had  been  made  known, 
but  the  trial  and  condemnation  ouly  took  place  on  the 
18th  of  December. 

92. 
A  SMOKING  CLTJB.  February  IWiy  1793. 

LOUOHBOROUQE.  PITT.  POX.  SHERIDAN.  DUNDAS. 

The  two  chiefs  of  the  opposing  parties  in  politics 
smoking  each  other,  while  the  Lord  Chancellor  Lough- 
borough (who  had  succeeded  Thurlow  on  the  Woolsack)  is 
cogitating  between  the  Whig  and  Tory,  having  acted  with 
the  former  party,  previous  to  taking  office  under  the  latter. 

93. 
JOHN     BULL    BOTHERED;     OR,     THE    GEESE 
ALARMING  THE  CAPITOL.  Dec.  19th,  1792. 

PITT. 

On  the  alarm  which  the  organs  of  Government  spread 
through  the  country,  when  the  English  Minister  was 
dragging  us  into  war  with  France  in  1 793.  Poor  John 
Bull  appears  to  be  sadly  divided  and  "bothered'^  by  the 
continual  representations  of  the  two  parties  who  wished 
to  lead  him,  as  we  see  by  his  two  cockades,  and  by  the 
contents  of  his  pockets.  The  '^  Pennyworth  of  Truth'* 
was  an  anti-revolutionary  tract,  distributed  through  the 
country  with  great  diligence  by  the  "  LoyaP*  Societies. 
The  doubts  on  the  propriety  of  using  his  anns  seem  still 
to  predominate  in  John  Bull's  mind,  although  he  allows 
himself  to  be  led  by  his  "measter'*  Billy. 

94. 
FRENCH  LIBERTY— BRITISH  SLAVERY. 

December  2}st,  1702. 
A   burlesque  comparison  of  the  glorious  condition  of 

4  * 


50  gillray's  caricatures. 

France  under  its  so-called  Freedom,  and  the  wretched  state 
of  John  Bull,  under  his  regime  of  tyranny  and  taxation  ! 

95. 
SANS-CULOTTES  FEEDING  EUROPE  WITH  THE 
BREAD  OF  LIBERTY.  Jamtanj  I2th,  1793. 

SHERIDAN.  FOX. 

The  war  against  Franco  was  represented  as  being  ren- 
dered necessary  to  hinder  the  propagandism  of  republican 
principles,  which  the  French  were  endeavouring  to  impose 
upon  every  country  either  by  hostile  invasion,  or  by  en- 
couraging the  people  to  rise  against  their  existing  Go- 
vernments. The  French  Directory  had  proclaimed  all 
Kings  and  Princes  tyrants,  and  offered  fraternization  and 
assistance  to  all  people  who  were  wishful  to  shake  off 
their  yoke.  This  print  exhibits  the  various  ways  in  which 
this  design  was  attempted  to  be  carried  into  effect  in 
Holland,  Savoy,  Germany,  Italy,  and  England.  In  our 
country,  it  is  the  two  great  leaders  of  opposition.  Fox 
and  Sheridan  (represented  in  what  the  Caricaturists 
pictured  as  the  literal  costume  of  the  San-culottes)  who 
undertake  to  accustom  John  Bull  to  the  new  diet. 

96. 

THE    DAGGER    SCENE;    OR,    THE    PLOT   DIS- 
COVERED. Deceviber  SOth,  1 792. 

DUNDAS.      PITT.      POX.       SHERIDAN.        M.  A.  TAYLOR.       BURKE. 

This  print  commemorates  an  extraordinary  piece  of 
theatrical  eflfect  played  off  by  Burke  in  the  House  of  Com- 
mons, on  the  28th  of  December,  1792.  It  was  the  debate 
on  the  introduction  of  Lord  Grenvillo's  Alien  Act.  Burke 
spoke  in  support  of  the  Ministerial  measure,  and  to  heighten 
the  effect  of  one  of  his  eloquent  declamations  against 
French  atrocities,  and  English  imitations  of  them,  and  on 
the  spirit  which  he  said  was  abroad  in  this  country,  he  drew 
out  a  Brummagem  dagger,  which  he  had  brought  with 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  51 

him  into  the  Honse,  and  kept  concealed  on  his  person  till 
the  critical  moment  of  exhibition,  when  he  threw  it  on  the 
floor.  He  insinuated  that  certain  members  of  the  House 
were  acquainted  with  the  purpose  for  which  such  instru- 
ments were  being  manufactured.  The  effect,  for  the 
moment,  is  said  to  hare  been  quite  .extraordinary.  The 
Opposition,  however,  treated  the  exhibition  with  derision, 
rather  than  with  alarm ;  the  dagger  was  itself  probably 
of  a  rather  equivocal  form,  and  Sheridan  said :  '^  You 
have  thrown  down  a  knife,  where  is  the  fork  V*  which 
electrified  the  House  with  laughter. 

Since  the  above  was  in  print,  the  publisher  has  been 
favoured  (by  his  friend,  Mr.  Evans)  with  a  detailed  and 
more  accurate  account  of  the  remarkable  circumstance  in 
question,  which  is  here  subjoined. 

Towards  the  close  of  the  year  1792,  an  extraordinary 
influx  of  foreigners  into  England  took  place.  The  Minis- 
ters professed  to  feel  the  greatest  alarm  and  consternation 
at  so  large  an  ingress  of  persons  from  a  country  which 
had  so  recently  overturned  its  Government,  imprisoned 
its  King,  and  in  which  the  flame  of  Liberty  was  excited 
by  the  torch  of  sedition.  The  militia  was  called  out. 
Parliament  was  summoned  to  meet  at  the  unusually 
short  notice  of  thirteen  days.  Ministers  called  on  Parlia- 
ment to  arm  the  Government  with  an  Alien  Act  to  enable 
it  to  send  out  of  the  country  persons  endeavouring  to 
abuse  the  hospitality  of  England.  The  Bill  passed  the 
House  of  Lords,  and  on  the  second  reading  in  the  Com- 
mons, on  the  28th  of  December,  Mr.  Dundas  explained  its 
principles  and  details,  and  declared  Ministers  had  no  other 
object  than  to  secure  the  safety  and  tranquillity  of  the 
country.  The  Bill  was  opposed  by  Mr.  Fox  as  an  unne- 
cessary innovation.  Ministers  already  possessed  adequate 
powers  to  expel  any  foreigners  attempting  to  violate  the 
public  peace,  and  believed  the  measure  originated  in  their 
inveterate  hostility  to  the  rising  spirit  of  Freedom  now 
spreading  through  France,  and  their  desire  to  suppress  all 


52  gillrat's  caeicatubes. 

communication  with  that  country  by  every  moans  in  their 
power.  This  called  up  Burke,  who  declared,  that  so  con- 
vinced was  he  of  the  overwhelming  necessity  of  the  mea- 
sure, that  he  would  rather  abandon  his  best  friends,  and 
join  his  worst  enemies,  than  withhold  his  support  of  the 
Bill.  He  descanted  with  consummate  eloquence  and 
energy  on  the  multifold  horrors  and  atrocities  of  the 
Trench  Eevolution.  He  mentioned  the  circumstance  of 
three  thousand  daggers  having  been  bespoke  at  Birming- 
ham, by  an  Englishman,  of  which  seventy  had  been  deli- 
vered. It  was  not  ascertained  how  many  of  these  were  to 
be  exported,  and  how  many  were  intended  for  home  con- 
sumption. [Here  Mr.  Burke  drew  out  a  dagger,  which 
he  had  kept  concealed,  and  with  much  vehemence  of  action 
threw  it  on  the  floor.]  "  This/'  said  he,  pointing  to  the 
dagger,  "  is  what  you  are  to  gain  by  an  alliance  with 
France :  wherever  their  principles  are  introduced,  their 
practices  must  follow.  You  must  guard  against  their 
principles  ;  you  must  proscribe  their  persons."  He  then 
held  the  dagger  up  to  view,  which  he  said  never  could  have 
been  intended  for  fair  and  open  war,  but  solely  for  mur- 
derous purposes.  "  It  is  my  object  to  keep  the  French 
infection  from  this  country;  their  principles  from  our 
minds,  and  their  daggers  from  our  hearts/'  After  a  few 
other  sentences,  he  added,  '^  While  they  smile,  I  see  blood 
trickling  down  their  faces;  I  see  their  insidious  purposes; 
I  see  that  the  object  of  all  their  cajoling  is — ^blood.  I  now 
warn  my  countrymen  to  beware  of  these  execrable  philoso- 
phers, whose  only  object  it  is  to  destroy  every  thing  that 
is  good  here,  and  to  establish  immorality  and  murder  by 
precept  and  example." 

The  late  Lord  Chancellor  Eldon,  in  the  latter  part  of  his 
life,  used  to  shew  a  dagger,  as  the  identical  one  thrown 
down  by  Burke  on  the  floor  of  the  House.  The  late  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury  (Dr.  Howloy)  assured  the  present 
Earl  of  Kldon  that  his  grandfather's  memory  had  misled 
him,  and  that  the  actual  dagger  was  in  the  possession  of 


POLITICAL  SERIES.  53 

the  son  of  the  late  Sir  James  Bland  Burgess.  With  a 
laadable  desire  of  ascertaining  the  truths  he  applied  to  Sir 
James's  son^  Sir  Charles  Montolieu  Lamb  (he  having  taken 
that  name  by  permission  ander  the  King's  Sign  Manual 
in  1821),  who  furnished  the  following  statement:  '"The 
history  of  it  is,  that  it  was  sent  to  a  manufacturer  at  Bir- 
mingham as  a  pattern,  with  an  order  to  make  a  large 
quantity  like  it.  At  that  time  the  order  seemed  so  suspi- 
cious, that  instead  of  executing  it,  he  came  to  London,  and 
called  on  my  father,  at  the  Secretary  of  State's  Office,  to 
inform  him  of  it,  and  he  left  the  pattern  with  him.  Just 
after,  Mr.  Burke  called,  in  his  way  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons, and  upon  my  father  mentioning  it  to  him,  borrowed 
the  dagger  to  shew  in  the  House.  They  walked  down  to 
the  House  together,  and  when  Mr.  Burke  had  made  his 
speech,  my  father  took  it  again,  and  kept  it  as  a  curiosity.'' 
Ab  this  dagger  is  become  a  matter  of  historical  inte- 
rest, by  being  mentioned  in  every  life  of  Burke,  and 
many  historical  memoirs  of  the  times,  the  reader  may  be 
curious  to  see  the  present  Lord  Eldon's  exact  description 
of  it.  ''  The  dagger  is  a  foot  long  in  the  blade,  and  about 
five  inches  in  the  handle,  of  coarse  workmanship,  and 
might  serve  either  for  a  dagger  or  a  pikehead.^' 

97. 
THE  BLOOD  OF  THE  MURDEEED  CRYING  FOR 
VENGEANCE.  February  16th,  1793. 

LOUIS  XVI. 

On  the  execution  of  Louis  XVI.  by  the  French  Revolu- 
tionary Government,  on  the  21  st  of  January,  1793.  A 
finely  engraved  plate,  which  helped  to  disgust  the  English 
with  the  revolutionary  proceedings. 

98. 
A  DEMOCRAT;    OR,   REASON  AND   PHILOSO- 
PHY. March  Ut,  1 793. 

vox. 
This  coarse  satire  upon  Fox,  and  his  supposed  leaning 


54  oillray's  caricatures. 

towards  the  Sans-culottes  of  France^  is  said  to  liave  been 
one  of  the  few  caricatures  against  that  Statesman  which 
really  gave  him  offence.  The  attacks  upon  Fox's  party, 
on  the  ground  of  their  presumed  revolutionary  principles, 
were  never  carried  to  such  an  extent  as  at  the  moment 
when  this  print  was  published.  Oa  ira  is  the  burthen  of 
the  most  democratic  song  of  the  day. 

99. 

THE     CHANCELLOR     OF     THE     INQUISITION 
MARKING   THE    INCORRIGIBLES. 

March  19th,  1793. 

BURKB. 

Gillray  was  at  this  time  rather  indiscriminate  in  his 
attacks,  and  he  here  caricatures  the  violent  zeal  with  which 
Burke  supported  the  party  in  whose  ranks  he  now  com- 
bated with  as  much  severity  as  he  had  just  caricatured  Fox. 
Burke,  popularly  characterized  as  "  the  Jesuit,''  for  his  open 
advocacy  of  the  Catholic  claims  in  Ireland,  is  named  to 
the  Chancellorship  of  this  new  Inquisition.  The  object 
of  ridicule  was  the  Ministerial  measures  against  the  politi- 
cal clubs  and  societies,  and  it  is  hardly  necessary  to  say 
that  the  '^  Black  List''  is  a  parody  on  a  passage  in  Shake- 
speare's Richard  III. 

100. 
FATIGUES  OF  THE  CAMPAIGN  IN  FLANDERS. 

May  20th,  1793. 

THE   DUKE   OF  TORE. 

The  British  Foot-guards  in  Flanders.  The  Duke,  who 
was  in  command  of  this  expedition,  which,  though  at  this 
time  promising  success,  ended  in  so  meiny  disasters,  is 
enjoying  the  good  things  of  the  land.  It  is  a  satire  on 
the  mode  in  which  the  English  army  was  pretended  by 
some  people  to  be  carrying  on  the  war. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  55 

100*. 

*'  Aaide  he  tam*d 
For  envy,  yet  with  jealous  leer  malign 
Ey'd  them  askance/' 

12th,  1782. 

LORD   8HELBURNE.  PITT.  FOX. 

On  the  secession  of  Fox  and  his  party  from  the  Shel- 
burne  Administration ;  one  of  GiUrny's  earlier  Political 
Caricatures^  inserted  here  out  of  its  date  for  the  conve- 
nience of  arrangement.      It  is  another  parody  on  Milton. 


101. 
DUMOUEIER     DINING    IN    STATE    AT    SAINT 
JAMESES,  ON  THE  15th  OF  MAY,  1793. 

March  SOth,  1793. 

PRIESTLET.      FOX.       HEAD  OF  PITT.       SHEBIDAN.      DXJMOUBIEB. 

On  Dumourier's  desertion  from  the  service  of  the 
French  Republic.  He  was  at  this  time  understood  to  be 
on  his  way  to  England,  and,  in  the  belief  of  his  Republican 
and  *'  Sans-culottic"  principles,  this  is  the  repast  it  is  pre- 
tended was  to  be  dressed  up  for  him.  The  three  great  re- 
volutionists, as  they  were  represented  by  the  Tories,  acting 
as  cooks — Priestley,  the  enemy  of  the  Church ;  Fox,  the 
enemy  of  Pitt ;  and  Sheridan,  the  enemy  of  the  Crown. 

Dumourier  arrived  in  England  in  June,  and  he  imme- 
diately received  notice  from  the  Secretary  of  State  to  quit 
the  kingdom  in  forty-eight  hours.  His  presence  appears 
to  have  been  dreaded. 

102. 
BRITANNIA    BETWEEN     SCTLLA    AND    CHA- 
RYBDIS.  April  8th,  1793. 

PRIESTLEY.  FOX  SHERIDAN.  PITT. 

A  beautiful  allegory,  rather  than  caricature,  on  the 
politics  of  Pitt's  administration  at  this  time,  who  is  repre- 


56  oillrat's  caricatures. 

sented  as  steering  the  helm  of  State  in  an  even  course 
between  the  two  extremes^  keeping  his  course  direct  to 
the  haven  of  public  safety.  The  whirlpool  of  Charybdis 
represents  the  undue  influence  of  the  Crown.  The  dogs 
of  Scylla  bear  the  faces  of  the  well-known  trio  struck 
with  the  political  anathema^  Priestley^  Fox^  and  Sheridan. 

103. 

JOHN  BXJLPS  PROGRESS.    JOHN  BULL  HAPPY. 

JOHN  BULL  GOING   TO  THE  WARS.      JOHN 

BULL'S     PROPERTY     IN     DANGER.        JOHN 

BULL'S   GLORIOUS   RETURN.        June  Srd,  1793. 

On  the  warlike  politics  of  the  year  1793,  and  on  the 

little  profit  John  Bull  seemed  likely  to  gain  by  his  military 

mania. 

104. 
FLANNEL    ARMOUR  .—FEMALE    PATRIOTISM. 

November  I8th,  1793. 
StiD  war !  As  the  winter  of  this  year  approached,  the 
ladies  of  Great  Britain,  in  their  solicitude  for  the  comforts 
of  the  British  soldiers,  amid  the  rigours  of  the  climate  and 
season,  manufactured  clothing  of  all  descriptions  in  flannel 
to  be  sent  over  to  the  army  in  Flanders.  It  was  a  subject 
on  which  the  press  launched  out  multitudes  ofjeux  d^esprit, 
some  of  them  not  particularly  delicate.  This  clever  print 
was  one  of  the  most  efiective  satires  on  the  zeal  of  the 
ladies,  and  is  said  to  have  had  no  small  effect  in  cooling 
it.  There  is  much  point  in  the  two  dilapidated  and 
neglected  pictures  of  Hannibal  and  Charles  XII.,  warriors 
especially  celebrated  for  the  contempt  with  which  they 
faced  the  rigours  of  winter. 

105. 
THE    HEROIC    CHARLOTTE    LA    CORDfi    UPON 
HER  TRIAL.  July  29th,  1793. 

On  the  death  of  the  French  democrat,  Marat,  by  the 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  57 

hand  of  Charlotte  Corday,  on  the  13th  July,  1793.  She 
was  immediately  brought  to  trial  by  the  Revolutionary 
Tribune,  condemned,  and  executed.  An  interesting  ac- 
count of  her  will  be  found  in  Lamartine's  ''  History  of 
the  Girondists/'     {Bohn's  Library,  vol.  3,  p.  53.) 

106. 
BLUE  AND   BUFF   CHARITY;    OR  THE  PATRI- 
ARCH   OF    THE   GREEK    CLERGY   APPLYING 
FOR  RELIEF.  June  12th,  1793. 

J.  HALL.  DR.  PBIB8TLET.         LORD  STANHOPE.  SHERIDAN. 

MICHAEL  ANOELO  TATLOR.      HORNE  TOOKB.      FOX. 

Fox's  private  circumstances  had  become  at  this  time  so 
embarrassed,  that  he  was  obliged  to  forego  even  the  trifling 
luxuries  of  life,  and  he  was  meditating  on  the  necessity  of 
retiring  from  the  political  stage.  But  his  friends  inter- 
fered, and  in  the  summer  of  1793,  they  held  a  meeting  at 
the  Crown  and  Anchor,  to  take  his  affairs  into  considertion, 
and  a  large  subscription,  with  which  he  was  relieved  in  his 
present  need,  and  an  annuity  which  was  purchased  for  him, 
shewed  Fox's  popularity.  His  enemies  turned  the  dis- 
tresses of  the  leader  of  the  Patriots  into  ridicule  :  he  is  here 
represented  as  receiving  the  charity  of  the  Committee  in 
the  shape  of  a  shower  of  unpaid  bonds,  dishonoured  bills, 
and  other  similar  documents  from  which  they  had  relieved 
him.  Sheridan  figures  as  the  Sans-culotte  highwayman ; 
and  Liberty  Hall,  as  he  was  called,  the  ci-devant  apothe- 
cary, has  in  his  pocket  a  bottle  of  poison  for  "  W.  Pitt.*' 
Blue  and  buff  were  the  colours  of  Fox's  party, 

107. 
A   PARIS  BELLE.  February  26th,  1794. 

A  fancy  portrait  of  a  fair  patriot  of  Paris  under  the 
"  Reign  of  Terror."  It  is  a  mere  etching  by  Gillray,  after 
a  drawing  by  another  person ;  but  whether  "  Miss  Mary 
Stokes"  be  a  real  name  or  a  mere  pseudonyme,  it  is  now 
impossible  to  say. 


58  GILLBAT^S   CARICATURES. 

108. 

A   PARIS   BEAU.  February  26th,  1794. 

A  companion  to  the  former  plate^  by  the  same  artist. 

109. 
A  FRENCH  HAILSTORM ;  OR,  NEPTUNE  LOSING 
SIGHT  OF  THE  BREST  FLEET.       Dec.  10,  1793. 

LORD   HOWE. 

On  Lord  Howe's  inactivity,  who  was  accused  of  remain- 
ing idle  in  Torbay,  while  he  ought  to  have  been  looking 
into  Brest  harbour,  to  watch  the  movements  of  the  French 
fleet  coUected  there.  The  popular  cry  represented  the 
English  Admiral  as  being  bribed  by  French  gold  to  re- 
main inactive ;  and  among  the  common  toasts  at  political 
dinners  was,  ''Lord  Howe — let  him  be  toasted  in  Port  /" 
Gillray  has  here  represented  him  as  driven  into  the  port  of 
Torbay  by  a  hailstorm  of  money.  A  few  months  after, 
the  great  naval  victory  of  the  Ist  of  June,  1794,  restored 
Lord  Howe  to  universal  popularity. 

At  this  time  the  disasters  experienced  by  the  Allies  on 
the  continent  in  every  quarter  had  very  much  damped  the 
warlike  ardour  of  the  people  of  England,  and  this  altered 
feeling  will  be  seen  in  several  of  the  caricatures  which 

follow. 

• 

110. 

PANTAGRUEL'S  VICTORIOUS  RETURN  TO  THE 

COURT     OF     GARGANTUA,     AFTER     EXTIR. 

FATING    THE    SOUP-MEAGRES    OF  BOUILLE 

LAND.  February  10th,  1794. 

THE  DUKE  OF  TORK.    GEORGE  III.    PITT.     THE  QUEEN. 

A  rather  severe  satire  on  the  great  results  which  were 
expected  from  the  expedition  to  Flanders,  under  the  Duke 
of  York,  and  on  his  inglorious  return.    The  Duke  arrived 


POLITICAL    SERIES.  59 

in  London  on  his  return  on  the  7th  of  February,  1794. 
The  condition  in  which  he  here  appears  shews  the  opinion 
popularly  entertained  of  his  conduct  in  the  war.  While  the 
King,  who  was  warmly  attached  to  the  amusements  of  the 
chase,  is  represented  in  a  costume  which  would  make  us 
believe  that  he  thought  more  of  hunting  than  of  State 
affairs,  Pitt  is  employed  in  considering  the  means  of  raising 
money  for  the  expenditure  which  the  Duke^s  expedition 
has  entailed,  and  of  which  he  is  reckoning  up  the  items ; 
while  we  see  the  Queen,  in  an  apartment  behind,  busy 
sacking  her  treasures.  Pitt  has  not  forgotten  an  expression 
which  Burke  had  incautiously  applied  to  the  populace  in 
one  of  his  speeches  a  little  before  this  time — 'Hhe  swinish 
multitude'* — and  which  now  became  a  sort  of  watchword  of 
party.  On  the  24th  of  February,  1793,  a  bookseller  named 
Eaton,  was  tried,  but  acquitted,  for  the  publication  of  a 
pamphlet,  entitled,  "  Hog^swash ;  or.  Politics  for  the 
People.*'  The  term  was  frequently  used  at  a  subsequent 
period. 

111. 
FRENCH    TELEGRAPH    MAKING    SIGNALS    IN 
THE  DARK.  January  26th,  1 793. 

FOX. 

A  satire  on  Fox's  supposed  predilection  for  revolutionized 
France,  and  on  the  wish  he  was  accused  of  entertain- 
ing, that  the  democratic  principles  triumphant  in  that 
country  should  be  transplaated  to  England.  He  had  been 
an  uncompromising  opponent  of  the  warlike  measures  of 
the  Ministry,  who  did  not  hesitate  to  accuse  him  of  wishing 
to  betray  his  country  to  the  enemy. 

112. 
THE  BLESSINGS  OF  PEACE— THE  CURSES  OF 

WAR.  January  12th,  1795. 

A  print  published  with  the  design  of  warning  the  people 
against  allowing  Britain  to  be  exposed  to  the  same  calami- 
ties with  which  the  countries  were  already  visited  wherever 
the  French  arms  had  penetrated,  and  of  raising  their  indig- 


60 


qillray's  caricatures. 


nation  against  the  aggressive  policy  which  now  prevailed 
in  the  revolutionary  Government  of  France. 

113. 

THE  GENIUS   OF  FRANCE  TRIUMPHANT;   OR, 

BRITANNIA  PETITIONING   FOR  PEACE. 

February  2nd,  1795. 

FOX.  LORD   STANHOPE.  SHERIDAN. 

On  the  continued  outcries  of  the  party  headed  by  Fox 
and  Sheridan  for  pacific  overtures  to  France.  It  is  in- 
sinuated that  the  only  way  in  which  Britain  could  obtain 
peace  at  this  time  would  be  by  a  very  humble  submission 
to  the  frightful  idol  which  France  had  set  up. 

Lord  Stanhope,  who  was  violent  in  his  liberal  principles, 
had  now  taken  the  place  of  Priestley,  with  Fox  and  Sheri- 
dan^ in  the  political  triumvirate. 

114. 

THE  ERUPTION  OF  THE  MOUNTAIN ;    OR,  THE 

HORRORS  OF  THE  BOCCA  DEL  INFERNO. 

July  25th,  1794. 

LORD  LAUDERDALE.  FOX.  GENERAL  FOX.  SHERIDAN. 

D.  OF  NORFOLK.  M.  A.  TAYLOR.    EARL  OF  DERBY.    LORD  STANHOPE. 

It  was  a  very  ancient  superstition  at  Naples,  when  a 
dangerous  eruption  of  Mount  Vesuvius  threatened  the 
surrounding  country,  to  carry  out  the  head  of  St.  Januarius 
in  solemn  procession  as  a  sure  method  of  appeasing  the 
mountain.  The  so-called  English  Sans-culottes,  iastead  of 
Neapolitan  lazzaroni,  are  here  carrying  forth  the  head  of 
their  great  leader,  the  political  Januarius,  who  was  supposed 
to  be  the  only  person  able  to  conciliate  France,  and  thus 
to  appease  the  great  revolutionary  eruption.  Sheridan,  as 
Cardinal,  is  officiating  in  the  holy  office ;  Lord  Lauder- 
dale is  the  bearer  of  book,  bell,  and  candle ;  General  Fox, 
the  cur  which  always  smelt  fire ;  M.  A.  Taylor  and  Lord 
Derby  are  trainbearers ;  the  Duke  of  Norfolk  carries  the 
cap  of  liberty  on  his  marshal's  staff ;  and  Lord  Stanhope, 
with  his  incendiary  torches,  brings  up  the  rear. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  61 

On  the  30th  of  June,  in  this  year,  the  Opposition,  in 
both  Honses  of  Parliament,  had  moved  resolntions  expres- 
sive of  a  wish  for  peace. 

115. 

THE  LOVER'S  DREAM.  January  Uth,  1795. 

KBS.  FiTZHEBBEBT,  and  other  favourites,      sheridan.      fox. 

GEOBQE  III.        THE  QUEEN.        PRINCE  OF  WALES.        PRINCESS 
CAROLINE. 

On  the  negotiations  for  the  marriage  of  the  Prince  of 
Wales  with  the  Princess  Caroline  of  Brunswick,  which 
was  solemnized  on  the  8th  of  April,  1795.  It  was  popu- 
larly expected  that  this  marriage  would  wean  the  Prince 
from  his  old  vices,  and  here  we  see  his  hunters,  his  mis- 
tresses,  his  gambUng  companions,  and  his  bacchanalian 
propensities,  all  disappearing  before  the  dazzling  prospect; 
which,  however,  as  it  was  soon  discovered,  was  but  a 
dream. 

116. 

THE  PROPHET  OP  THE  HEBREWS  —  THE 
PRINCE  OP  PEACE  CONDUCTING  THE  JEWS 
TO  THE  PROMISED  LAND.  March  5th,  1795. 

XABQUIS  OF  LANSDOWNE.      FOX.      SHEBIDAN.      LOBD  STANHOPE. 

RICHABD  BBOTHEES,  the  Prophot. 

Richard  Brothers,  who  had  been  an  officer  in  the  royal 
navy,  and  had  subsequently  become  deranged,  terrified  the 
weaker  part  of  the  public  in  the  earlier  part  of  1795,  by 
his  pretended  prophecies,  deduced  from  the  Revelation, 
concerning  the  French  Revolution,  the  restoration  of  the 
Jews,  and  the  destruction  of  London.  He  was  apprehended 
by  two  King's  messengers,  and  brought  before  the  Privy 
Council  for  examination,  on  the  10th  of  March,  and  was 
subsequently  confined  in  Fisher's  Lunatic  Asylum,  Isling- 
ton.    The  bundle  of  the  elect  who  are  here  carried  on  the 


62  qillray's  caricatures. 

back  of  the  prophet  to  the  sans-culottic  paradise  are  easily 
recognized  as  chief  leaders  of  the  Opposition  in  Parlia- 
ment^ Lansdowne  and  Stanhope  in  the  Lords^  and  Fox 
and  Sheridan  in  the  Commons. 

On  March  31,  Mr.  Halhed,  a  distinguished  Oriental 
scholar,  formerly  in  the  civil  service  of  the  East  India 
Company,  brought  Brothers^s  case  before  the  House  of 
Commons,  in  a  very  temperate  and  eloquent  speech.  He 
avowed  himself  a  believer  in  his  Prophecies  and  Mission. 
He  understood  that  he  had  been  apprehended  on  the  10th, 
on  a  charge  of  high  treason,  founded  on  the  following 
passage  in  his  book.  ''  The  Lord  God  commands  me  to 
say  to  you,  George  III.  King  of  England,  that  immediately 
on  my  being  revealed  in  London  to  the  Hebrews,  as  their 
Prince,  and  to  all  nations,  as  their  Governor,  your  Crown 
must  be  delivered  unto  me,  that  all  your  power  and  autho- 
rity may  cease."  The  House  knew  what  various  explana- 
tions were  given  to  different  portions  of  the  Revelation, 
and  this  he  contended  was  a  fair  and  legitimate  interpreta- 
tion, however  painful  and  insulting  to  the  King.  He 
assured  the  House  that  Brothers  was  a  most  quiet  and 
peaceable  man,  and  the  same  could  be  attested  by  the 
numerous  persons  of  quality  and  fortune  who  frequented 
his  house.  He  moved  his  book  lie  on  the  table.  No  per- 
son being  found  to  second  the  motion,  it  fell  to  the  ground. 

117. 
LEAVING     OFF     POWDER;     OR,     A     FRUGAL 
FAMILY  SAVING  THE  GUINEA.  March  10, 1795. 

On  Pitt's  tax  upon  hair-powder,  which  the  Minister 
fondly  imagined  would  bring  an  immense  sum  to  the 
revenue,  but  the  only  effect  of  which  was  to  cause  the  use 
of  hair-powder  to  be  discontinued.  The  tax  was  one 
guinea  for  each  person  using  hair-powder ;  hence  those 
who  continued  the  powder  were  jocosely  termed  ''  guinea- 
pigs." 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  63 

118, 

PATRIOTIC  REGENERATION ;  viz.  PARLIAMENT 
REFORMED,  A  LA  FRANCOISE,  —  THAT  IS, 
HONEST  MEN  (i.  e.  OPPOSITION)  IN  THE 
SEAT  OF  JUSTICE.  March  2nd,  1795. 

IB8EIKE.  FOX.  SHEBIDAN.  MARQUIS    OF  LANSDOWNE. 

LORD  STANHOPE.      PITT.      LORD  LAUDERDALE.      LORD  DERBY. 
DUKE  OF  GRAFTON  {OU  a  COTOUet)*      THE  DUKE   OF  NORFOLK 

{on  a  coronet). 

On  the  motions  for  Reform  in  Parliament.  A  scene  in 
the  imaginary  new  democratic  House  of  Commons.  Fox 
is  in  the  chair  as  President.  Lord  Stanhope,  as  pnblic 
accuser,  and  Lord  Lauderdale,  as  executioner,  are  bringing 
Pitt  to  the  bar,  who  is  accused  of  treason  to  the  country ; 
Sheridan  is  the  Secretary  of  the  House,  and  Erskine  the 
Republican  Attorney-General ;  Lord  Lansdowne  is  busily 
occupied  in  weighing  the  Crown  by  the  new  Freuch  weight. 
Derby,  Grafton,  and  Norfolk,  are  warming  their  hands  at 
a  fire,  in  which  they  have  cast  the  Holy  Bible  and  Magna 
Charta.  This  is  a  specimen  of  the  extravagant  exaggera- 
tions in  which  political  party  too  often  indulged. 

119. 

LIGHT  EXPELLING  DARKNESS— EVAPORATION 
OF  STYGIAN  EXHALTIONS;  OR,  THE  SUN  OF 
THE  CONSTITUTION  RISING  SUPERIOR  TO 
THE  CLOUDS  OF  OPPOSITION. 

PITT.  SHERIDAN.  FOX.  LORD  STANHOPE.  LORD  LAUDERDALE. 
DUKE  OF   GRAFTON.         LORD   DERBY.  DUKE   OF   NORFOLK. 

LORD   LANSDOWNE.      M.   A.    TAYLOR.      ERSKINE. 

Pitt  riding  triumphant  over  the  Opposition,  drawn  by 
the  Horse  of  Hanover  and  the  Lion  of  Britain.  Tho 
leaders  of  Opposition  are  dispersing  in  the  shade;  tho  bats 
below  are  easily  recognized  as  Lord  Lansdowne,  M.  A. 
Taylor,  and  Erskine. 

5 


\ 


64  oillray's  caricatures. 

120. 
AFFABILITY.  February  10th,  1795. 

QUEEN.  GEORGE  III. 

A  satire  on  the  famiUar  and  undignified  demeanour  of 
the  King  in  private  life.  He  was  said  to  stroll  about  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  his  farm  near  Windsor,  and  accost 
the  labourers  familiarly.  Peter  Pindar  alludes  to  this  in 
the  following  lines  : — 

**  Then  asks  the  farmer's  wife,  or  fanner's  maid, 
How  manj  eggs  the  fowls  have  laid  ; 
What's  in  the  oyen,  in  the  pot,  the  crock ; 
Whether  'twill  rain  or  no,  and  what's  o'clock  : 
Thns  from  poor  hoyels  gleaning  inforfruUiont 
To  serre  as  fatnre  treasure  for  the  nation — " 

and  in  various  other  places. 

^  121. 

A  TRUE  BRITISH  TAR.  May  28th,  1795. 

THE   DUKE   OF  CLARENCE. 

A  satire  on  the  Sailor-Prince,  who  was  a  great  lounger 
in  Bond-street,  and  whose  connection  with  Mrs.  Jordan 
was  at  this  time  the  grand  subject  of  scandal. 

122. 

THE    REAL    CAUSE    OF   THE    PRESENT    HIGH 
PRICE   OF   PROVISIONS.  May  llth,  1795. 

DUKE  OP  NORFOLK.   DUKE  OF  BEDFORD.   DUKE  OF  GRAFTON. 

LORD  LAN6D0WNE.    SHERIDAN.    FOX.    GREY. 

ERSKINE.  LORD  STANHOPE. 

In  the  bitterness  of  party  animosity,  it  was  pretended 
that  the  Whigs  assisted  the  French  in  obtaining  provisions 
from  this  country,  and  that  they  thus  increased  the  scarcity 
and  consequent  deamess  of  provisions  at  home,  which  was 
at  this  time  a  subject  of  great  discontent  throughout  the 


POLITICAL    SERIES.  65 

country.  Fox,  dressed  as  the  Commissioner-General  of 
the  French  armies,  is  negociating  the  purchases,  while 
Erskine  attends  as  his  Secretary,  and  Sheridan  and  Grey 
carry  the  money.  The  Duke  of  Bedford  is  making  a  good 
market  of  his  meal ;  the  Duke  of  Norfolk  brings  in  a 
basket  of  dumplings ;  Grafton  is  driving  the  live  stock  to 
the  coast;  and  Stanhope  is  the  steersman  of  the  boat 
which  is  to  carry  them  on  ship-board. 

123. 
POLONIUS.  May  18th,  1795. 

KINO.  QUEEN.  LORD   SALISBURY    (CHAMBERLAIN.) 

The  Marquis  pf  Salisbury,  by  Gillray  designated  Polo- 
nius,  held  the  office  of  Lord  Chamberlain  at  this  period. 

124. 
JOHN  BULL  GROUND  DOWN.  June  Ut,  1 795. 

PRINCE  OF  WALES.  BURKE.  DUNDAS.  PITT. 

John  Bull  is  here  turned  into  money  by  a  rather  rough 
process.  The  Prince's  creditors,  jockeys,  Jews,  pro- 
curesses, and  mistresses,  are  but  ill  satisfied  with  all  that 
can  be  ground  out  of  poor  John.  Pitt  acts  as  the  remorse- 
less grinder ;  and  Burke  is  among  the  scramblers.  The 
Crown  sheds  its  rays  on  the  labours  of  the  Minister,  the 
inscriptions  on  which  express  the  peculiar  sympathy  which 
the  King  was  supposed  to  feel  for  grinder  and  grinded. 

The  immediate  subject  of  this  caricature  was  the  settle- 
ment of  the  Prince's  revenue  on  his  marriage  with  Caro- 
line of  Brunswick. 

125. 
GOD    SAVE    THE    KING,    IN    A   BUMPER;    OR, 
AN  EVENING  SCENE,  THREE  TIMES  A  WEEK, 
AT  WIMBLETON.  May  27th,  1795. 

DUNDAS.  PITT. 

■ 

Pitt  and  Dundas  were  celebrated  for  their  convivial  pvo- 

5  * 


I 


66  gillrat's  caricatures. 

pensities^  and  Wimbleton,  the  residence  of  Pitt,  was  the 
usual  scene  of  their  most  profound  potations. 

126. 

BLINDMAN'S  BUFF;  OR,  TOO  MANY  FOR 
JOHN  BULL.  June  12th,  1795. 

PITT.  RUSSIA.  AUSTRIA.  JOHN   BULL. 

HOLLAND  AND   FRANCE. 

On  the  subsidies  and  aids  granted  so  lavishly  by  the 
English  Government  to  the  Continental  Powers  in  arms' 
against  France.  Prussia  and  Austria  are  picking  John's 
pockets,  while  France  and  Holland  are  treating  him  with 
derision.  Poor  John,  blindfold  in  the  midst  of  his  ene- 
mies, knows  not  whither  to  turn  to  avoid  them,  while  his 
ruler  betrays  him  into  their  hands.  The  loan  granted  by 
the  British  Government  to  the  Emperor  of  Austria  had 
excited  very  animated  discussions  in  the  House  of  Com- 
mons at  the  end  of  May  and  beginning  of  June  of  this  year. 

127. 

PRESAGES  OF  THE  MILLENIUM;  WITH  THE 
DESTRUCTION  OF  THE  FAITHFUL. 

Juneitlt,  1795. 

PITT.  DUNDAS.  LOUOHBOROUQH.  LORD  KENYON.  BURKE. 
LAKSDOWNE.  SHERIDAN.  WILBERFORCE.  FOX.  DUKE 
OF  NORFOLK.        EARL   STANHOPE.        DUKE   OF  QRAFTON. 

On  the  motions  for  peace  with  France,  in  the  session  of 
1795,  and  on  Pitt's  constant  victories  over  the  Opposition. 
Wilberforce  had  brought  forward  the  motion  for  peace  in 
the  House  of  Commons.  Pitt,  as  Death,  is  riding  some- 
what roughly  the  White  Horse  of  Hanover ;  the  h'ttle 
figure  urging  him  on  alludes  to  the  Prince  of  Wales,  and 
the  revenue,  125,000  settled  upon  him  on  his  marriage. 
The  pigs,  of  course,  are  the  "  swinish  multitude."     It  is 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  67 

a  bold  parody  on  the  book  of  Revelation.  Halbed  was 
one  of  the  behevors  in,  and  supporters  of,  the  prophet 
Brothers. 

128. 
WHAT  A  CUR  TIS  !  June  9th,  1795. 

ADMIRAL  CURTIS.  LORD   HOWE. 

Admiral  Sir  Roger  Curtis  is  satirized  for  his  supposed 
obsequiousness  to  the  dark-countenanced  hero  of  the 
Ist  of  June,  whom  the  sailors  generally  knew  best  by  the 
nickname  of  '^  Black  Dick.'*  Both  these  faces  are  said  to 
be  admirable  portraits,  and  the  one  in  the  chair  especially 
was  remarked  for  its  accurate  resemblance,  in  figure  and 
manner,  to  Lord  Howe. 

129. 

A  KEEN-SIGHTED  POLITICIAN  WARMING  HIS 
IMAGINATION.  •  June  ISth,  1795. 

LORD  ORSNYILLE. 

This  is  a  satirical  picture  of  Lord  Grenville,  who  at  a 
later  period  joined  in  the  celebrated  Broad  Bottom  Minis- 
try. The  position  with  regard  to  the  fire  appears  to  have 
been  a  favourite  one  with  his  Lordship, 

130. 

THE    BRITISH    BUTCHER     SUPPLYING    JOHN 
BULL  WITH  A  SUBSTITUTE  FOR  BREAD. 

July  &th,  1795. 

JOHN   BULIm  PITT. 

The  deamess  of  com,  and  the  increasing  scarcity  of  pro- 
yisions  and  high  price  of  bread,  led  to  much  rioting  in  the 
months  of  June  and  July,  1795.  The  Minister  is  said  to 
have  sent  some  recommendations  to  the  Lord  Mayor 
which  were  represented  as  implying  principles  like  those 


68  OILLRAY's   CABICA'lUBES. 

expressed  in  this  print.     The  foDowing  lines  are  printed 
beneath  the  plate : —  / 

Billy  the  Butcher^s  Advice  to  John  Bull. 

Since  bread  is  so  dear  (and  you  say  you  must  cat), 
'For  to  save  the  expense  you  most  li?e  upon  moat ; 
And  as  twelvepence  the  quairtorn  you  can*t  pay  for  bread, 
Get  a  crown's  worth  of  meat, — ^it  will  serve  in  its  stead. 

John  Bull  presents  a  picture  of  starvation,  which  is  not 
usual  with  him. 

131. 
THE  SLEEP-WALKER.  Navember  Ut,  1795. 

PITT. 

The  allusion  of  this  Caricature  is  not  very  clear.  By 
some  it  is  supposed  to  refer  to  back-door  influence,  and 
to  interviews  between  the  favourite  Minister  and  his 
Master  which  took  place  at  an  advanced  hour  after  the 
honest  part  of  the  community  were  in  bed.  By  others  it 
is  thought  to  exhibit  the  force  of  habit  in  Mr.  Pitt,  who 
even  m  his  sleep  seems  to  fancy  himself  proceeding  to 
the  House  of  Commons,  to  participate  in  the  debates. 

132. 
THE  REPUBLICAN  ATTACK.      November  Ut,  1795. 

PEPrER  ARDEN.  DUNDAS.  GRENVILI*E.  LOUGHBOROUGH. 
GEORGE  m.  EARLS  ONSLOW  AND  WESTMORELAND.  PITT. 
GRAFTON.  STANHOl'E.  LAUDERDALE.  SHERIDAN.  FOX. 
L.VN8D0WNE. 

On  the  outrageous  attack  upon  the  King  by  the  mob, 
when  he  was  proceeding  to  open  Parliament,  on  the  29th 
of  October,  1795.  The  satirist  has  chosen  to  represent 
the  leaders  of  the  Opposition  in  Parliament,  under  the 
character  of  rioters.  The  royal  carriage,  driven  somewhat 
furiously  by  Pitt,  is  ruuuing  over  BritAunia.  The  cries  of 
the  real  mob  were  for  cheap  bread  and  peace,  and  in  their 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  69 

rage  the  populace  added,  "  No  King  V'  and  "  Down  with 
George  V*  The  window  of  the  state  carriage  was  broken 
by  a  stone  or,  as  was  said,  from  a  shot  from  an  air-gun. 

133. 
SUPPLEMENTARY     MILITIA,     TURNING     OUT 
FOR  TWENTY  DAYS.  November  25th,  1796. 

HOFPNEB. 

A  satire  on  the  extraordinary  efforts  to  make  a  military 
appearance  against  the  invasion  threatened  by  the  French 
in  1796.  Hoppner,  the  Painter,  is  in  the  centre,  with  a 
pallet  marked  R.A. 

184. 

COPENHAGEN  HOUSE.  November  IGth,  1795. 

GALE  JONES.  THELWALL. 

On  the  great  meeting  in  Copenhagen  Fields,  on  the  13th 
of  November,  1 795,  called  by  the  London  Corresponding 
Society,  to  petition  the  King  and  both  Houses  of  Parlia- 
ment against  the  Bill  for  the  protection  of  the  King^s 
person,  which  had  been  brought  in  after  the  outrage  of 
the  29th  of  October.  The  speaker  in  the  rude  rostrum  to 
the  right  is  understood  to  represent  the  celebrated  Thel- 
wall;  on  the  hustings,  to  the  left.  Gale  Jones.  The  other 
speakers  at  this  meeting  were  Hodson  and  John  Binns. 

135. 

SUBSTITUTES  FOR  BREAD;  OR,  RIGHT 
HONOURABLES  SAVING  THE  LOAVES  AND 
DIVIDING  THE  FISHES.         December  2Uh,  1795. 

LOUGHBOEOUGH.  LORD    GEENVILLB.  DITNDAS. 

PEPPER  ARDEN.  PITT. 

Another  satire  on  the  want  of  sympathy  supposed  to 
have  been  shewn  by  Ministers  in  the  year  of  scarcity, 
1795.   The  Ministers  themselves  are  here  finding  a  golden 


V 


70  gilleay's  caricatures. 

Bobstitate  for  bread.     They  are  devouring  the  fishes 
without  the  loaves. 

136. 

THE  REPUBLICAN  RATTLESNAKE  FASCINAT- 
ING  THE  BEDFORD  SQUIRREL.     Nov.  16,  1795. 

DUKB   OP   BEDFORD.  FOX. 

On  the  political  influence  exerted  by  Fox  over  Francis, 
Duke  of  Bedford,  who  had  become  one  of  the  most 
zealous  of  the  popular  party. 

137. 

RETRIBUTION— TARRING   AND    FEATHERING; 
OR,  THE   PATRIOT^S   REVENGE. 

November  26th,  1795. 

SHERIDAN.  PITT.  FOX. 

On  the  opposition  to  the  Bill  against  Seditious  Meetings, 
and  the  rough  manner  in  which  the  Whigs  in  Parliament 
treated  the  Minister.  It  is  hardly  necessary  to  point  out 
the  sort  of  tar  with  which  the  two  leaders  of  the  popular 
party  are  tarring  and  feathering  their  grand  opponent. 

138. 
HANGING.     DROWNING.  November  9th,  1795. 

FOX.  PITT.  DUNDAS. 

Another  allusion  to  the  love  of  the  two  Ministers  for 
the  bottle.  It  represents  the  different  feelings  with  which 
different  parties  in  this  country  were  supposed  to  have 
looked  upon  the  decline  of  Republican  principles  in 
France  at  this  time. 

139. 

THE  CROWN  AND  ANCHOR  LIBEL  BURNT  BY 
THE  PUBLIC  HANGMAN.  Nov.  28th,  1795. 

JOHN    REEVE.         PITT.         SHERIDAN.         SR8EINE.         FOX. 

^4^  *'^®  centre  of  this  print,  it  will  be  seen,  is  No  Lords, 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  71 

no  Commons^  no  Parliament^  damn  the  Bevolution^  and 
the  Royal  Stamp. 

While  the  Ministers  were  exulting  in  their  triumphant 
majorities^  during  the  progress  of  the  passing  the  Treason 
and  Sedition  BiUs^  an  incident  occurred  which  not  a  little 
discomposed  their  satisfaction.  On  the  23rd  of  November^ 
the  day  appointed  for  the  second  reading  of  the  bill  against 
Seditious  Meetings^  Mr.  Sturt  rose  and  claimed  precedence 
to  lay  before  the  House  a  gross  breach  of  privilege^  and  a 
libel^  which  struck  at  the  very  roots  of  the  constitution. 
He  held  in  his  hand  a  pamphlet^  written  by  John  Beeves^ 
Esq.,  a  well-known  agent  and  supporter  of  Ministers^  a 
gentleman  who  held  a  place  under  Government^  and  was 
chairman  qf  the  Ijoyal  Association^  held  at  the  Grown  and 
Anchor,  for  bringing  to  punishment  the  authors  of  Hbels 
and  the  attendants  at  seditious  meetings.  The  pamphlet 
was  entitled,  "  Thoughts  on  the  English  Government/' 
from  which  he  would  read  the  following  passages — ''With 
the  exception  of  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  two  Houses 
of  Parliament,  and  the  interposition  of  juries,  the  Govern- 
ment and  the  Administration  rest  wholly  and  solely  on  the 
King  and  those  appointed  by  him.  In  fine  the  Govern- 
ment of  England  is  a  monarchy.  The  monarchy  is  the 
ancient  stock  from  which  have  sprung  those  goodly 
branches  of  the  legislature,  the  Lords  and  Commons,  that 
at  the  same  time  give  ornament  to  the  tree,  and  afford 
shelter  to  those  who  seek  protection  under  it.  But  these 
are  still  only  branches,  and  derive  their  origin  and  nutri- 
ment from  their  common  parent.  They  may  be  lopped  off, 
and  the  tree  is  a  tree  still,  shorn  indeed  of  its  honours,  but 
not  like  them,  cast  into  the  fire.  The  Kingly  Oovemment 
may  go  on  in  all  its  functions  unthout  Lords  or  Commons,  as 
it  has  heretofore  done  for  years  together,  and  in  our  times 
it  does  so  during  every  recess  of  Parliament,  but  without 
the  King  the  Parliament  is  no  more.^'  He  was  surprised 
that  "  at  the  Whig  Club,  gentlemen  of  liberal  education, 
acknowledged  taste,  and  high  station  in  society,  should  so 


72  gillray's  caricatures. 

often  allude  to  the  Revolution.  The  mention  of  the  Re- 
volution could  not  sound  very  grateful  to  the  royal  ear.'* 
Mr.  Pitt  avowed  the  passages  read  could  not  be  justified, 
but  before  he  could  form  a  decisive  judgment,  he  must 
read  the  whole,  and  examine  the  context.  Windham  also 
admitted  the  improper  tendency  of  the  extracts,  but  fancied 
the  real  cause  of  offence  was  the  loyal  conduct  of  Mr. 
Reeves  in  his  praiseworthy  attempts  to  put  down  sedition. 
A  Member  proposed  the  libel  should  be  burned  by  the 
common  hangman.  The  debate  was  adjourned  to  the 
26th,  and  on  its  resumption  it  was  ordered  to  be  prosecuted 
by  the  Attorney-General,  as  a  gross  and  scandalous  libel. 
Chagrined,  but  not  dismayed,  by  this  contre  tcmpa,  Pitt 
then  moved  the  second  reading  of  the  obnoxious  bill 
against  Seditious  Meetings. 

The  Whig  Club  had  held  an  extraordinary  meeting  at 
the  Crown  and  Anchor,  November  11,  and  passed  a  series 
of  resolutions,  strongly  condemning  the  arbitrary  enact- 
ments of  the  two  bills,  and  recommendinjg  the  people  to 
meet  and  petition  against  them.  This  appeal  was  enthu- 
siastically responded  to  throughout  the  kingdom. 

140. 
THE  DEATH  OF  THE  GREAT  WOLF. 

December  nth,  1795. 

SIB  C.  LONG  AND  BROTHER.  LOUOnBOROUGH.  MARQUIS  OP 
BUCKINGHAM.  WYNDHAM.  BURKE.  PITT.  PEPPER  ARDEN. 
LANSDOWNE.      DUNDAS.      WILBERFORCE.      D.    OP   RICHMOND. 

A  parody  on  West^s  picture  of  the  Death  of  Wolfe.  On 
the  attack  upon  Pitt,  in  the  House  of  Commons,  in  the 
December  of  1795,  on  the  occasion  of  the  Estimates.  The 
dying  hero  (Pitt)  is  supported  by  Dundas,  who  offers  him 
a  farewell  glass ;  and  by  Burke,  whose  '^  Reflections*'  are 
now  upon  his  pension.  The  Chancellor  figures  as  a  Mo- 
hawk savage.  Sir  C.  Long  and  his  brother,  as  the  two 
runners:  Lord  Grenville,   supported  by  Wyndham:    old 


*  POLITICAL   SERIES.  73 

Pepper  Arden,  known  by  his  nose  and  wig ;  and  Wil- 
berforce  and  Richmond  (the  latter  carrying  his  leathern 
ordnance  on  his  back),  a  weeping  couple  ;  are  all  easily 
recognized. 

141. 
THE  ROYAL  BULLFIGHT.  November  2l8t,  1795. 

PITT.  LANSDOWNE.  POX.  SHERIDAN.  GEORGE  III. 

DERBY.  STANHOPE,  &C. 

Pitt,  mounted  on  the  Hanoverian  Horse,  is  again  en- 
countering the  British  Bull,  which  he  has  already  severely 
wounded.  An  allusion  to  the  fierce  Parliamentary  debates 
of  the  November  of  1795.  The  King  and  Royal  Family 
occupy  the  upper  row  of  seats,  while  the  features  of  the 
Opposition  Members  are  traced  indistinctly  in  those 
below.  The  satire  is  explained  by  the  inscription  at  the 
foot  of  the  plate. 

142. 

THE   PRESENT ATIPN ;     OR,   THE   WISE  MEN'S 
OFFERING.  January  9th,  1796. 

FOX.  SHERIDAN.  PBINCE   OF  WALES. 

On  the  birth  of  the  Princess  Charlotte,  which  took 
place  on  the  7th  of  January,  1796. 

143. 
A  HACKNEY  MEETING.  February  Ist,  1796. 

POX.  BYNG.  MAINWARING. 

Never  during  the  reign  of  George  III.  not  even  during 
the  American  or  French  wars,  were  the  public  meetings 
80  universal,  and  so  respectably  attended,  as  against  the 
two  bills  for  the  protection  of  the  King's  person,  and 
against  Seditious  Meetings,  passed  by  Ministers  in  con- 
sequence of  the  outrage  against  the  King  at  the  opening 


74  OILLRiY^S   CAEICATURES. 

of  Parliament  in  October,  1795.  The  restrictions  as 
originally  proposed  were  so  stringent,  that  a  meeting  even 
in  a  private  house,  exceeding  fifty,  could  not  take  place 
without  giving  notice  to  a  magistrate,  who  might  attend 
if  ho  thought  proper,  and  at  his  pleasure  order  the  meeting 
to  disperse,  and  any  person  not  obeying  was  to  be  guilty 
of  felony.  The  Sheriff  of  Middlesex  summoned  the  free- 
holders to  assemble  at  the  Mermaid,  at  Hackney,  on 
November  21,  but  the  house  could  not  contain  a  third  of 
the  number  assembled,  and  they  adjourned  to  the  green 
adjoining  the  house.  The  Duke  of  Norfolk  opened  the 
proceedings,  and  told  the  meeting  they  must  not  be  mis- 
led by  the  specious  titles  of  the  bills,  ''  1  dare  say,  if  the 
High  Priest  of  the  Spanish  Inquisition  was  to  come 
among  us  to  introduce  his  system  of  inquisition  here,  he 
would  call  it  an  act  for  the  better  support  and  protection 
of  religion ;  but  we  have  understandings  that  are  not  to 
be  deceived  in  this  way.*'  The  meeting  returned  thanks 
to  Mr.  Byng  for  his  opposition  to  the  measure,  and  ordered 
their  petition  to  be  presented  by  both  their  Members. 
Mainwaring,  the  ministerial  Member,  candidly  stated  in  the 
House  of  Commons,  that  the  meeting  was  most  numerously 
and  respectably  attended,  and  that  the  requisition  to  the 
Sheriff  had  been  "  signed  by  three  Dukes,  one  Marquis, 
two  Earls,  and  several  most  respectable  freeholders.'' 

144. 

PITY  THE   SORROWS    OF   A   POOR   OLD  MAN. 

February  26th,  1796. 

BUREE.  DUEB   OF   BEDFORD. 

A  view  of  the  entrance  to  Bedford  House,  which  for- 
merly stood  in  Bloomsbury  Square.  The  Duke  had  made 
some  strong  observations  in  the  House  of  Lords  on  what 
the  Whigs  considered  as  Burke^s  apostasy  from  his  party, 
which  produced  a  printed  letter  addressed  by  the  old 
Jesuit,  as  the  Caricaturist  termed  him,  to  the  Duke,  in 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  7o 

his  own  exculpation,  in  which  he  made  a  strong  appeal  to 
his  former  friendship  with  his  uncle,  Lord  Keppel.  This 
caricature  alludes  to  a  construction  put  upon  the  letter  by 
some  of  Burke's  enemies. 

145. 
THE  DOG  TAX.  April  12th,  1 796. 

SHERIDAN.  FOX.  PITT.  DUNDAS. 

The  dog-tax  was  one  of  the  novelties  of  the  year  1796, 
and  was  the  subject  of  much  complaint  and  satire  in  and 
out  of  Parliament.  It  was  proposed  by  Mr.  Dent,  the 
banker,  and  celebrated  book  collector,  in  a  speech  so  re- 
plete with  bitterness  against  the  nuisance  of  dogs,  that 
"Windham  declared  he  could  almost  fancy  ActaBon  was 
revived,  and  revenging  his  injuries  by  a  ban  against  the 
whole  canine  race.  Dent  ever  after  went  by  the  sobri- 
quet of  Dog  Dent. 

The  distinction  between  the  dogs  which  were  to  pay 
the  tax,  and  those  which  were  to  be  exempt,  was  especially 
a  subject  for  jokes.  Gillray  has  here  given  us  his  picture 
of  the  dogs  which  were  to  bo  paid  for  by  the  public,  and 
those  which  were  ''  not  paid  for.''  The  two  Ministers 
were,  in  fact,  expensive  dogs. 

146. 
DEMOCRATIC    LEVELLING;    ALLIANCE   A   LA 
FRANCOISE;      OR,    THE     UNION     OP    THE 
CORONET  AND  CLYSTER-PIPE.  March  4th,  1796. 

lARL  STANHOPE.  HIS   DAUGHTER.       POX.        MB.   TATLOB. 

SHEBIDAN. 

This  print  may  seem  at  first  sight  a  cruel  invasion  of  the 
privacy  of  domestic  life,  and  to  exceed  even  the  bounds 
usually  allowed  to  caricaturists.  But  the  extraordinary 
violence  of  Lord  Stanhope's  political  conduct  justified  the 
severity  of  the  satire.  Lord  Stanhope  had  become  Presi- 
dent of  the  Revolution  Society,  and  in  his  speech,  in  the 
House  of  Lords,  April  4, 1 794,  quoted  nearly  the  whole  of 


76  oillbay's  caricatures. 

the  eighth  cliapter  of  the  First  Book  of  Samuel,  in  order 
to  prove  that  kings  were  considered  by  the  sacred  writers, 
and  by  God  himself,  as  a  curse  upon  mankind.  He  de- 
clared again  on  May  2,  in  the  House  of  Lords,  that  he 
was  a  Jacobin.  On  all  occasions  he  professed  such  utter  dis- 
regard for  the  mere  distinctions  of  rank,  that  he  was 
satirized  by  the  Tories  as  the  very  ne  phis  ultra  of  Sans- 
culottes, in  which  character  he  is  here  represented.  Fox 
and  Sheridan  are  introduced  as  the  officiating  ministers 
in  this  republican  alliance. 

The  real  facts  of  the  case  respecting  the  marriage  are — 
Lord  Stanhope's  daughter.  Lady  Lucy  E4ichael,  eloped 
with  Mr.  Thomas  Taylor,  the  family  apothecary,  residing 
at  Seven  Oaks,  Kent.  Her  father,  notwithstanding  the 
levelling  principles  he  professed,  refused  to  be  recon- 
ciled to  her.  Her  uncle,  Mr.  Pitt,  requested  Mr.  Taylor 
to  relinquish  his  business;  and  gave  him  a  place  under 
Government.  Lord  Chatham  also  countenanced  his  niece 
and  her  husband.  He  appointed  their  eldest  son,  William 
Stanhope  Taylor,  one  of  his  executors,  who,  in  conse- 
quence, came  into  possession,  and  edited  in  conjunction 
with  Captain  Pringle,  the  interesting  Correspondence  of 
the  great  Earl  of  Chatham,  4  vols.  8vo. 

Mr.  Pitt,  on  his  death-bed  being  asked  by  the  Bishop 
of  Lincoln  (Dr.  Tomline),  if  he  had  any  wish  to  express, 
adverted  in  his  reply  to  his  three  nieces,  the  daughters  of 
the  Earl  of  Stanhope,  by  his  eldest  sister,  for  whom  he 
had  always  manifested  the  sincerest  aflfection,  he  said,  '*  I 
could  wish  a  thousand  or  fifteen  hundred  a-year  to  be 
given  them,  if  the  public  should  think  my  long  services 
deserving  of  it.^^  Parliament  voted  £40,000  for  the 
payment  of  his  debts,  and  George  III.  granted  an  annuity 
of  £1200  to  the  nieces.  Lady  Lucy  Rachael  died  in  the 
year  1814,  and  wo  see  by  the  Report  on  Pensions  made 
to  the  House  of  Commons  in  1838,  an  annuity  of  £100 
was  granted  to  each  of  her  seven  sons. 


POLITICAL    SERIES.  77 


147. 

THE  GENERA  OF  PATRIOTISM  ;  OR,  THE 
BLOOMSBURY  FARMER  PLANTING  BED- 
FORDSHIRE  WHEAT.  February  ird,  1796. 

DUKE   OP   BEDFORD.       SHERIDAN.        POX.        LORD    LAUDERDALE. 

The  Duke  of  Bedford,  the  Republican  farmer,  is  sowing 
his  fields  with  gold,  which,  under  the  genial  rays  of  the 
sun  of  Democracy  (Fox),  is  growing  up  into  French 
bonnefs-rouges  and  Jacobin  daggers.  The  lightning  of 
ministerial  influence  appears  to  be  destroying  the  crop. 
Fox  smiles  at  the  influence  which  he  is  said  to  have 
exerted  over  the  Duke's  gold,  which  was  believed  to  be 
expended  rather  lavishly  in  supporting  his  party.  Sheri- 
dan drives  the  plough,  while  Lord  Lauderdale  urges  on 
John  Bull  here  yoked  to  it. 

148. 

JOHN  BULL  AND  HIS  DOG  FAITHFUL. 

April  20th,  1797. 

PITT.         FOX.         JOHN   BULL.         SHERIDAN.         GREY. 

John  Bull,  by  taxes,  loans,  and  a  variety  of  other  mis- 
haps, into  which  fche  dog  (Pitt)  to  whose  guidance  he  has 
intrusted  himself  has  led  him,  is  reduced  to  a  very  lament- 
able condition,  and  is  sorely  persecuted.  Fox  is  the  dog 
licensed  to  bark  at  the  ''  faitiif uP'  leader ;  Sheridan,  the 
dog  licensed  to  bite,  has  seized  the  wrong  leg ;  and  Mr. 
Grey  (the  Greyhound),  seems  to  harbour  a  design  against 
his  garments.  Blind  John  is  walking  very  near  the  edge 
of  a  precipice.  The  expenses  of  Government  were 
obliged  to  be  met  by  a  heavy  loan,  one  of  those  which 
contributed  to  John  Bull's  back  the  overwhelming 
national  debt. 


78  gillray's  caricatures. 


149. 

THE  WINE  DUTY;  OR,  T^E  TRIUMPH  OP 
BACCHUS  AND  SILBNUS;  WITH  JOHN 
BULL^S    REMONSTRANCE.  April  20th,  1796. 

DDNDAS.  PITT.  JOHN   BULL. 

A  parody  on  a  well-known  picture.  The  necessities  of 
tlie  year  1796  gave  rise  to  many  expedients  for  multiply- 
ing taxes ;  and  John  Bull  seemed  destined  to  be  deprived 
of  all  the  enjoyments  of  life  to  satisfy  his  two  jovial 
Ministers.  The  love  of  Pitt  and  Dundas  for  the  juice  of 
the  grape  was  proverbial. 

150. 

THE  DISSOLUTION;  OR,  THE  ALCHTMIST 
PRODUCING  AN  -^THERIAL  REPRESENTA- 
TION.  May2l8t,  1796. 

PITT. 

On  the  intention  to  dissolve  Parliament,  announced  in 
the  Speech  from  the  Throne  which  closed  the  Session  of 
1796.  Pitt,  the  political  Alchymist,  with  his  Treasury 
coals  (the  gold  of  the  nation),  and  his  royal  alembic,  is 
dissolving  one  Parliament  (where  there  is  opposition)  to 
produce  another  which  will  bo  more  subservient  to  him. 
He  is  seated  on  one  of  his  own  new  barracks,  the  subject 
of  some  warm  debates  in  the  Parliament  which  was  now 
to  be  dissolved. 

151. 
THE    HUSTINGS.  May  21st,  1796. 

FOX. 

One  of  the  popular  questions  of  which  it  was  protended 
Fox  would  take  advantage  on  the  hustings  at  the  new 
elections. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  79 


152. 

THE  DAILY  ADVERTISER.         January  23rd,  1797. 

pitt's  head.  pox. 

Fox  travestied  into  a  newsman,  brings  melancholy  in- 
telligence. The  satire  is  founded  on  one  of  Dundas's 
speeches  in  the  House  of  Commons,  in  which  he  made  a 
rather  bitter  reply  to  the  popular  orator's  attacks  upon 
Ministers,  and  characterized  him  sneeringly  as  a  ^^  Daily 
Advertiser.''  The  Daily  Advertiser  was  at  this  time  one 
of  the  Opposition  papers. 

153. 

A  PROOF  OF  THE  REFINED  FEELINGS  OF 
AN  AMIABLE  CHARACTER,  LATELY  A 
CANDIDATE  FOR  A  CERTAIN  ANCIENT 
CITY.  no  date,  {circa  1780-1) 

On  the  left  of  the  print  is  a  gentleman  with  a  horse- 
whip in  his  right  hand;  with  his  left  he  has  hold  of 
the  ear  of  a  lady,  whose  bonnet  and  feathers  he  has 
knocked  off,  and  is  threatening  to  horsewhip.  He  is  say* 
ing,  "  Pro  Bono  Patri^  -/'  on  his  left  is  a  man  calling  out, 
"  I'll  support  you.''  On  the  right  of  the  print  the  clergy 
in  canonicals  are  drawn  up,  shocked  at  the  violence  of  the 
proceeding.     A  cathedral  is  seen  shadowed  at  a  distance. 

This  evidently  alludes  to  some  election  squabble  in  a 
cathedral  city.  The  lady  was  probably  an  active  can- 
vasser for  the  rival  candidate. 

We  have  made  extensive  inquiries  respecting  this 
spirited  print,  but  we  have  not  been  able  to  obtain  even  a 
Burmise  of  the  person  alluded  to.  In  the  absence  of  all 
positive  information,  we  will  ourselves  hazard  a  conjec- 
ture. Whoever  the  person  was,  he  must  have  been 
eccentric,  a  sportsman,  and  a  representative  or  candidate 

6 


80  GILLRAY^S   CARICATURES. 

for  a  cathedral  city.  These  three  characteristics  were 
combined  in  the  person  of  Mr.  Charles  Turner,  created  a 
baronet  by  the  Marquis  of  Rockingham  in  1782.  He 
represented  the  city  of  York  in  Parliament  from  1768  till 
his  death  in  October,  1783.  Sir  N.  Wraxall,  who  sat  in 
the  House  of  Commons  with  him,  describes  him  *'  as  one 
of  the  most  eccentric  men  who  ever  sat  in  Parliament.'' 
''  Sir  Charles  had  many  peculiarities  of  character,  dress, 
language,  and  deportment,  in  all  which  he  was  truly 
original.  He  never  wore  any  coat,  except  one  of  a  green 
colour,  with  tally-ho  buttons,  for  he  was  a  decided  sports- 
man.'' (See  Wraxall's  Historical  Memoirs,  vol.  3,  p.  24.) 
When  Coke  of  Norfolk,  in  February,  1782,  brought  in  a 
Bill  for  the  revisal  of  the  Grame  Laws  with  a  view  to  pre- 
vent poaching,  Sir  C.  Turner  stigmatized  the  whole  code  of 
Gkme  Laws  as  tyrannical  and  disgraceful  to  the  country. 
'^  If  I  had  been  a  poor  man,  I  am  convinced  that  I  should 
have  been  a  poacher,  in  defiance  of  the  laws.  I  wish  to 
Bee  the  Game  Laws  revised,  and  stripped  of  more  than 
half  their  severity.  My  wish,  nevertheless,  is  by  no 
means  an  interested  one  ;  for  every  shilling  I  possess  is  in 
land,  and  I  am  a  sportsman  as  well  as  other  gentlemen." 
(Ibid.  vol.  3,  page  25.)  On  the  7th  of  May,  1782,  Pitt 
brought  forward  his  motion  for  Parliamentary  Reform. 
"Sawbridge  seconded,  and  Sheridan  supported  Pitt's 
motion ;  but  Sir  Charles  Turner,  by  his  originality,  and 
blunt  simplicity  of  diction,  as  well  as  of  sentiment, 
attracted  more  attention  than  either  the  one  or  the  other. 
He  said,  in  his  opinion,  the  House  of  Commons  might  be 
justly  considered  as  a  parcel  of  thieves,  who  having  stolen 
an  estate,  were  apprehensive  of  allowing  any  person  to 
see  their  title  deeds,  from  the  fear  of  again  losing  it  by 
'ch  an  inspection."  (Vol.  8,  p.  84.) 
Oi  the  E(oya)l  R(egiste)r,  a  satirical  work  written  by 
Fox  w,  author  of  the  Diaboliad,  Dr.  Syntax's  Tour,  &c. 
electiois  character  is  thus  drawn.     ''Mr.  C T 


POLITICAL    SERIES.  81 

is  the  Marplot  of  his  own  party,  and  in  his  Parliamentary 
capacity  demands  the  pity  of  his  friends,  the  contempt  of 
the  wise,  and  makes  himself  a  laufs^hing-stock  for  the 
crowd/'     (Royal  Register,  vol.  7,  p.  129.) 

The  Gentleman's  Magazine,  in  recording  his  death  on 
the  23rd  of  October,  1 783,  says,  "  of  whom  more  shall  be 
said  hereafter.''  But  we  have  not  been  able  to  trace  any 
farther  notice  of  him  in  that  valuable  repository. 

154. 

THE  CANEING  IN  CONDUIT  STREET;  DEDI- 
CATED TO  THE  FLAG  OFFICERS  OF  THE 
BRITISH  NAVY.  October  Ist,  1796. 

LOED   CAJCKLPORD.  CAPTAIN   VANCOUVER'S    BBOTHBB. 

CAPTAIN   VANCOUVER. 

On  an  attack  made  by  Lord  Camelford  upon  Captain 
Vancouver,  under  whom  he  had  served  in  the  Navy,  and 
on  whom,  meeting  him  accidentally  in  Conduit  Street^  he 
thus  retaliated  for  the  severity  he  had  experienced  from 
him  when  under  his  command.  There  are  in  the  carica- 
ture  various  insinuations  against  the  Captain's  probity. 

Lord  Camelford  was  bom  February  26,  1775.  In  his 
spirit  and  temper,  when  a  boy,  there  appeared  something 
which,  though  vigorous  and  manly,  was  peculiar  and  un- 
manageable. In  compliance  with  a  predilection  of  his  own, 
he  was  suffered,  at  an  early  age,  to  enter  the  royal  navy  as 
a  midshipman.  Being  a  seaman  of  an  extremely  adven- 
turous spirit,  he,  by  his  eager  choice,  accompanied  the  late 
Captain  Vancouver  in  the  Discovery,  in  a  part  of  his 
voyage  round  the  worlds  In  consequence  of  his  refractori- 
ness and  disobedience  of  orders,  he  put  Captain  Vancouver 
to  the  necessity  of  treating  him  with  a  severity  of  disci- 
pline, which  he  could  not  endure. 

He  accordingly  quitted  the  Discovery  in  the  Indian  Seas, 
and  entered  on  board  the  Resistance,  commanded  by  Sir 

6  * 


82  gillray's  caricatures. 

Edward  Pakenham,  by  whom  he  was  appointed  lieutenant. 
During  his  absence  from  England  his  father  died,  and  he 
consequently  succeeded  to  the  title  and  family  estates.  On 
his  return  home,  in  October,  1 796,  he  sent  a  challenge  to 
Captain  Vancouver  "  for  the  ungentlemanlike  treatment'* 
he  alleged  he  had  received  while  under  his  command.  The 
Captain  replied,  that  his  Lordship's  misbehaviour  had 
obliged  him  to  resort  to  the  measures  of  which  he  com- 
plained, and  that  the  steps  he  had  taken  were  absolutely 
necessary  for  the  preservation  of  discipline.  At  the  same 
time,  the  Captain  oflTered  to  submit  the  business  ''  to  any 
one  officer,  and  if  it  should  be  considered  that  he  was 
accountable  to  Lord  Camelford,  as  a  private  gentleman,  for 
such  official  conduct  towards  him,  he  would  not  hesitate  a 
single  moment  to  give  the  required  satisfaction.''  This 
method  of  settling  the  dispute  was  by  no  means  congenial 
to  the  fiery  disposition  of  Lord  Camelford,  who  now 
threatened  the  Captain  with  personal  chastisement.  Nor 
was  it  long  before  an  opportunity  presented  itself  for  the 
execution  of  his  menace.  Captain  Vancouver,  finding  his 
offer  of  a  reference  rejected,  and  himself  threatened  with 
personal  insult,  felt  himself  compelled  to  have  recourse  to 
the  laws  of  his  country  for  protection,  and  for  this  purpose 
was  on  his  way  to  the  Lord  Chancellor's  Office,  accom- 
panied by  his  brother,  Mr.  Charles  Vancouver,  when  he 
was  met  by  Lord  Camelford,  in  Conduit  Street,  who  aimed 
several  blows  of  his  cane  at  him,  which  were  averted  by 
his  brother.  The  insult  being  thus  offered.  Lord  Camel- 
ford retired.  This  occurrence  is  said  to  have  pressed  on 
the  spirits  of  that  meritorious  officer,  and  to  have  hastened 
his  death,  which  took  place  on  May  10,  1798. 

It  would  be  extremely  unjust  to  the  memoiy  of  Captain 
Vancouver  to  attach  the  slightest  imputation  of  cowardice 
to  his  refusal  of  the  challenge  of  Lord  Camelford.  He 
only  acted  in  conformity  with  the  regulations  of  the 
service.     Many  distinguished  officers  have  done  precisely 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  83 

the  same.     No  one  ever  questioned  the  personal  courage 
of  Earl   St.   Vincent.     When   he   commanded  the   fleet 
blockading  Cadiz^  in    1798,   the   Prince  George  launch 
was  captured.     He  immediately  issued  a  general  order, 
stating  that,  '^  It  was  painful  to  him  to  pass  censure  on 
many  of  the  officers  who  commanded  the  gun-boats  this 
morning,  and  recommended  that  the  Captains  should  send 
no  one  on  that  important  service  but  such  as  were  of  ap- 
proved firmness/^     Rear- Admiral  Sir  J.  Orde  considered 
this  to  convey  a  censure  on  two  of  his  Lieutenants,  Dufiey 
and  Nowell,  and  required  a  modification  of  the  order,  or 
that  they  should  be  brought  to  a  Court  Martial.     A  pe- 
remptory refusal  was  given.     Other  circumstances  excited 
the  irritability  of  Sir  J.  Orde.     Finally,  Lord  St.  Vincent 
dispatched  Sir  Horatio  Nelson  (afterwards  Lord  Nelson) 
on  the  Nile  expedition.     Sir  J.  Orde  indignantly  remon- 
strated against  the  appointment  of  an  officer  who  was  his 
junior.     Earl  St.  Vincent  replied,  that  as  ho  was  respon- 
sible for   the   conduct    of    the    squadron,    it  was    only 
reasonable  he  should  nominate  the  officer  who  enjoyed  his 
confidence,  that  his  plans  would  be  carried  into  complete 
execution.     On  Lord  St.  Vincent^s  return  to  England,  in 
1799,  Sir  J.  Orde  sent  Captain  Walrond  with  a  challenge 
to  him ;  but  he  declined  by  letter,  "  on  the  ground  of  not 
being  personally  responsible  for  his  public  measures.^' 
See  Captain  Brenton's  Life  of  Earl  St.  Vincent,  vol.  i. 
p.  374  to  409. 

Lord  Camelford  fell  a  victim  to  his  own  impetuosity  in 
the  29th  year  of  his  age.  He  received  a  mortal  wound  on 
the  7th  of  March,  1804,  in  a  duel  he  had  provoked  with 
Captain  Best.  He  would  have  died  unregretted,  being 
considered  overbearing  and  insulting  in  his  general  con- 
duct ;  but  on  opening  his  will,  two  codicils  were  found 
written  with  his  own  hand  the  night  before  the  fatal  duel; 
the  one  evincing  a  generous  feeling  towards  his  antagonist, 
the  other  marking  the  eccentricity  and  waywardness  of 


84  QILLBAY^S   CARICATURES. 

mind^  which  perhaps  unconsciously  influenced  many  of 
his  actions.  "  In  the  present  contest  I  am  fully  and 
entirely  the  aggressor,  as  well  in  the  spirit  as  the  letter  of 
the  word ;  should  I  therefore  lose  my  life  in  a  contest  of 
my  own  seeking,  I  most  solemnly  forbid  any  of  my  friends, 
or  relations,  let  them  be  of  whatever  description,  from  in- 
stituting auy  vexatious  proceeding  against  my  antagonist; 
and  should,  notwithstanding  the  above  declaration  on  my 
part,  the  law  of  the  land  be  put  in  force  against  him,  I 
desire  that  this  part  of  my  will  may  be  made  known  to  the 
King,  in  order  that  his  royal  heart  may  be  moved  to  ex- 
tend his  mercy  towards  him/' 

"  I  wish  my  body  to  be  removed  as  soon  as  may  be 
convenient  to  a  country  far  distant,  to  a  spot  not  near  the 
haunts  of  men,  but  where  the  surrounding  scenery  may 
smile  upon  my  remains.  It  is  situated  on  the  banks  of 
St.  Lampierre,  in  the  Canton  of  Berne,  and  three  trees 
stand  on  the  particular  spot.  The  centre  tree  to  be  taken 
up,  and  my  body  being  there  deposited,  immediately  re- 
placed.^'  He  leaves  £1000  to  the  proprietors  of  the  spot 
described.  He  desires  his  relations  will  not  go  into 
mourning  for  him. 

155. 
PROMISED    HORRORS    OF    THE    FRENCH   IN- 
VASION;     OR,     FORCIBLE     REASONS     FOB 
NEGOCIATING  A  REGICIDE   PEACE. 

October  20th,  11^6. 

THE  PRINCE  AND  HIS  BROTHERS.  JENKINSON  AND  CANNING. 

FOX.  M.   A.   TAYLOR.  PITT.  THBLWALL.  LORD 

GRENVILLE.  DUKK  OF  BEDFORD  (Bull).  BURKE.  ERSKINI. 
DUKE  OF  ORAFTON.  MARQUIS  OF  LANSDOWNE.  DUKE  OF 
NORFOLK.  LORD   DERBY.        DUKE  OF    RICHMOND'S    HEAD. 

LORD  LAUDERDALE.  LORD  STANHOPE.  CARU8LE.  PEPPER 
ARDEN.  HEAD  OF   WINDHAM.  SHERIDAN.  HEAD   OF 

DUNDAS. 

The  threats  of  a  French  invasion  became  serious  in  the 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  83 

year  1796,  and  caused  mucli  alarm  throughout  the  coun- 
try. In  this  animated  picture,  the  horrors  of  the  French 
Revolution  are  parodied  on  a  rather  extensive  scale.  The 
Whigs  are  taking  full  revenge  on  their  Tory  rivals.  Fox 
is  scourging  Pitt.  The  Bedfordshire  ox  (the  Duke  of  Bed- 
ford), urged  on  by  the  Radical  Thelwall,  is  tossing  Burke ; 
while  Lord  Stanhope,  behind  him,  is  balancing  the  head 
of  Lord  Grenville  against  his  more  bulky  part.  At 
Brookes's,  the  Whig  club-house,  there  is  rejoiciug — Derby, 
Norfolk,  and  Grafton,  are  exulting  at  the  scene  before 
them ;  Lansdowne,  in  command  of  the  guillotine,  holds 
forth  in  triumph  the  Chancellor's  wig,  while  Erskine 
exhibits  on  a  platter  the  heads  of  Lord  Sydney,  Wind- 
ham, and  Pepper  Arden.  Sheridan,  below,  is  taking 
shelter  in  the  grand  nest  of  Whiggery,  with  what  he  has 
plundered  from  the  treasury.  The  scene  at  White's,  on 
the  other  side,  is  of  a  different  character.  The  Hevo- 
lutionists  have  forced  their  way  in  ;  they  are  tossing  the 
murdered  Princes  from  the  balcony ;  the  B.  0.  table  and 
the  cards  are  broken  and  scattered ;  Jenkinson  (afterwards 
Lord  Hawkesbury)  and  Canning  are  suspended  to  the 
lamp ;  and  we  see  the  head  of  Richmond  floating  down 
the  gutter  of  blood.  Little  M.  A.  Taylor  struts  between 
the  legs  of  Fox,  as  a  bantam  cock,  on  the  fatal  axe. 
Other  allusions  explain  themselves.  In  the  distance  is 
seen  St.  Jameses  Palace  in  flames. 

156. 
GLORIOUS   RECEPTION  OF  THE  AMBASSADOR 
OF  PEACE,  ON  HIS   ENTRY  INTO  PARIS. 

October  28th,  1796. 

LORD   MALMESBUBY. 

In  the  autumn  of  1796,  a  general  wish  for  peace  pre- 
vailed throughout  the  country.  The  arms  of  France  were 
triumphant  in  Italy  and  Germany,  and  the  whole  conti- 
nent of  Europe  was  awed  by  the  successful  progress  of 
her  generals.     In  England,  the  commercial  interest  had 


86  gillray's  caricatures. 

suffered  by  the  depression  of  trade^  and  tlie  other  classes 
of  society  felt  the  unusual  weight  of  the  increased  taxation. 
To  appease  the  spreading  dissatisfaction^  Mr.  Pitt  deter- 
mined to  open  a  negotiation  for  peace  with  the  Republic 
of  France,  by  which,  either  a  satisfactory  peace  might  be 
obtained,  or  the  nation  reconciled  to  the  continuance  of 
the  war.     The  Portland  party  in  the  Cabinet  was  adverse 
to  any  overtures  being  made,  and  predicted  a  failure  from 
the  arrogance  of  the  enemy,  inflamed  by  their  recent  suc- 
cesses.    Mr.  Burke  enforced  these  views  by  his  ''  Letters 
on  a  Regicide  Peace,''  a  work  exhibiting  all  the  mighty 
powers  of    his  splendid  genius,  combining  every  topic 
which  argument,  wit,  eloquence,  and  rhetorical  skill,  could 
suggest  to  shame  his  countrymen  out  of  the  unworthy 
fears  occasioned  by  the  reverses  of  the  war,  and  to  stimu- 
late them  to  new  exertions.     He  did  not  disguise,  nor 
gloss  over  the  difficulties  of  the  crisis,  nor  the  disasters  of 
our  allies.    He  freely  admitted  the  calamitous  events  which 
had  followed   one   upon   another   in   a  long,  unbroken^ 
funereal  train.     He  saw  in  these,  however,  only  additional 
motives  to  more  vigorous  exertions.   Austria  was  defeated^ 
but  not  dispirited,  and  was  prepared  to  renew  the  contest 
with  increased  energy,  and  the  determination  of  a  people 
fighting  for  their  independence.     Mr.  Pitt's  resolution  to 
negotiate  was  unshaken,  and  Lord  Malmesbury  was  sent 
as  ambassador  to  Paris.     He  arrived  at  Calais  on  the  21st 
of  October,  and  was  courteously  received  by  the  consti- 
tuted authorities.     As  he  passed  through  the  towns  and 
villages,  the  inhabitants  generally  expressed  hopes  that  his 
mission  would  terminate  successfully,  and  such  seemed  to 
be  the  general  sentiments.     "At  Bvreux  (a  post  on  the 
English  side  of  St.  Denis),  a  deputation  from  the  Pois- 
sardes,  and  another  from  the  Miisique  et  Tambours  du 
Directoire,  as  they  styled  themselves.     They  opened  the 
carriage  doors;  the  Poissardos  made  a  speech  in  their 
way,  and  gave  mc  nosegays,  *  en  attendant  dcs  Lauriers,' 


POLITICAL    SERIES.  87 

as  they  said^  and  ended  by  embracing  me  and  my  com- 
panion.* The  musicians  were  equally  violent,  but  both 
ended  by  asking  for  money.*' — Lord  Mahnesbury's  Diary, 
vol.  iii.  p.  268. 

''At  Ecouen,t  a  deputation  from  the  Poissardes  of 
Paris,  and  another  from  the  National  Music  (to  use  their 
own  method  of  styling  themselves)  met  me.  They  pre- 
sented me  with  nosegays,  and  insisted  on  embracing  me 
and  my  companions.  They,  and  the  musical  deputation, 
vied  with  each  other  in  their  wishes  for  my  success ; 
but  as  they  both  ended  by  asking  for  money,  their  sin- 
cerity may  justly  be  questioned.'' — Diary,  vol.  iii.  p.  271. 

Lord  Malmesbury  reached  Paris,  October  22.  The  next 
day  he  writes  to  Lord  Grenville  : — ''  My  coming  into 
Paris  was  attended  with  nothing  remarkable.  I  was  suf- 
fered to  drive  very  quietly  through  the  streets  to  my  hotel, 
and  have  been  allowed  to  remain  in  it  very  quietly  since 
my  arrival."  Delacroix,  Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs,  was 
the  person  appointed  by  the  Directory  to  conduct  the 
negotiation  with  the  English  ambassador.  The  reader  of 
the  present  day  will  be  amused,  and  perhaps  surprised,  by 
the  subjoined  extracts  from  Lord  Malmesbury's  first  de- 
spatches to  Lord  Grenville.  He  really  seems  to  have 
thought  that  the  Republican  minister  must  necessarily  be 
a  man  of  ferocious  manners,  unacquainted  with  the  usages 
of  polished  society,  or  diplomatic  etiquette ;  for  he  thinks 
it  necessary  to  introduce  into  his  public  despatches  the 
following  paragraph  : — "  I  went  to  M.  Delacroix  at  the 
appointed  hour.  He  received  me  as  I  have  always  been 
received  before  under  the  same  circumstances,  and  gave 
me  the  upper  place  in  the  room." — Lord  Malmeshwry's 
Diary,  vol.  iii  p.  272. 

Again: — "I  went  to  him  dressed   in  His  Majesty's 
uniform.     He  appeared  to  have  taken  as  much  pains  to 

*  George  Ellis,  Esq. 

t  A  small  town,  twelve  miles  distant  from  Paris. 


88  OILLRAT^S   CABICATUBES. 

be  well  dressed^  as  a  man  at  his  time  of  life^  and  in  the 
present  fashion  of  his  country,  could  do/* — "There 
cannot,  however,  be  a  doubt,  that  he  was  ordered  to  re- 
ceive me  in  the  manner  he  did,  which  was  unexcep- 
tionable/*— ^Vol.  iii.  p.  274.  It  is  only  necessary  to  add, 
that  the  negotiation  dragged  on  for  about  two  months, 
when  Delacroix  peremptorily  insisted  on  Lord  Malmesbury 
delivering  in  his  ultimatum.  Lord  Malmesbury  requested 
first  to  communicate  with  his  own  Government.  M. 
Delacroix,  thereupon,  sent  his  passport,  with  orders  to 
quit  Paris  within  forty-eight  hours,  as  he  seemed  only  a 
passive  agent,  and  not  furnished  with  sufficient  powers  to 
bring  the  treaty  to  a  termination. 

157. 

OPENING  OP  THE  BUDGET;  OR,  JOHN  BULL 
GIVING  HIS  BREECHES  TO  SAVE  HIS 
BACON.  November  1 7  th,  1 796. 

FOX.  JOHN   BULL.  PITT.  BUBEE.         LORD   GRENVILLE. 

DUNDAS. 

On  the  heavy  taxation  of  the  year  1796,  and  the  demand 
for  voluntary  contributions,  which  were  forced  from  poor 
John  Bull  by  the  continued  alarm  of  a  French  invasion. 
Dundas,  Grenville,  and  Burke,  are  busy  helping  them- 
selves, while  Fox,  excluded  from  his  share  in  the  regular 
way,  is  calling  in  the  assistance  of  his  friends,  the  Sans- 
culottes of  France,  who  were  supposed  to  be  preparing 
their  invasion  at  Brest. 

158. 

BEGGING  NO  ROBBERY;  i.e.  VOLUNTARY 
CONTRIBUTION;  OR,  JOHN  BULL  ESCAPING 
A  FORCED  LOAN.  Deceinher  lOih,  1796. 

JOHN   BULL.        PITT.        BUBKE.        LORD   GRENVILLE.        DUNDAS. 

Another  caricature  on  the  voluntary  loan,  and  other 


POLITICAL  SERIES.  89 

methods  of  raising  the  revenue.  It  is  a  parodj  on  a  well- 
known  scene  in  Gil  Bias.  The  trio  of  banditti,  Dondas, 
Grenville,  and  Burke,  who  were  the  great  supporters  of 
the  cry  of  alarm  which  terrified  John  Bull  into  parting 
quietly  with  his  money,  are  bravely  supporting  their  chief. 
As  this  is  the  last  time  the  name  of  Burke  occurs  in  the 
series  of  Gillray^s  Prints,  we  are  persuaded  our  readers 
will  be  gratified  by  the  insertion  of  the  following  extract 
of  a  private  letter  from  Canning  to  his  friend  George 
Ellis,  dated  13th  July,  1797,  announcing  the  death  of 
Burke.  ''Burke  is  dead.  It  is  of  a  piece  with  the 
peddling  sense  of  these  days  that  it  should  be  determined 
to  be  imprudent  for  the  House  of  Commons  to  vote  him 
a  monument.  He  is  the  man  that  will  mask  this  age, 
marked  as  it  is  in  itself  by  events  to  all  times.''  Fox  in 
the  debate  on  the  Quebec  Bill  on  May  6,  1791,  having 
lamented  in  the  most  affecting  terms  his  difierence  with 
Burke,  '*  his  Master,  for  so  he  was  proud  to  call  him,'' 
thus  speaks  of  the  advantages  he  had  derived  from  his 
association  with  this  wonderful  man  :  ''  That  all  he  ever 
knew  of  men,  that  all  he  ever  read  in  books,  that  all  his 
reasoning  faculties  informedt  him  of,  or  his  fancy  sug- 
gested to  him,  did  not  give  him  that  exalted  knowledge, 
that  superior  information,  which  he  derived  from  the 
instructions,  and  learned  from  the  conversation  of  his 
Bight  Hon.  Friend.  To  him  he  owed  all  his  fame,  if 
&me  he  had  any." 

159. 
END  OF  THE  IRISH  INVASION ;   OR,   THE   DE- 
STRUCTION  OF  THE  FRENCH  ARMADA. 

January  20th,  1 797. 

PITT.      DUNDAS.      GBENVILLE.      WINDHAM.      FOX.       SHERIDAN. 
DB.  LAWRENCE.   BRSEINE.    HALL.    M.  A.  TATLOB.   THEWLALL. 

On  the  French  expedition  to  Bantry  Bay,  at  the  end  of 
1 796.    Pitt,  Dundas,  Qronville,  and  Windham  are  the  four 


90  gillray's  caricatures. 

winds  which  blow  up  the  storm  to  destroy  the  invaders. 
Fox,  as  the  carved  figure  at  the  head  of  the  Revolution, 
is  represented  as  influencing  the  United  Irishmen.  The 
crew  of  the  jolly-boat  are  Sheridan,  Liberty  Hall,  Erskine, 
M.  A.  Taylor,  and  Thelwall,  who,  it  is  insinuated,  were  all 
approvers,  at  least,  of  the  Irish  rebellion. 

160. 
THE  GIANT  FACTOTUM  AMUSING  HIMSELF. 

January  21«f,  1797. 

PITT.  CANNING.  WILBERFORCI.  DUNDAS.  ERSKINE. 

SHERIDAN.  FOX.  WINDHAM.  II.  A.  TAYLOR. 

Pitt  is  seated  with  his  legs  astride  the  top  of  the 
Speaker's  Chair.  The  air  of  consequence  with  which  he 
sits  is  strongly  depicted  in  his  countenance,  and  through- 
out the  whole  figure.  With  his  left  foot  he  has  crushed 
the  Opposition.  His  right  foot  is  supported  by  Dundas 
and  Wilberforce,  and  is  extended  to  be  submissively 
kissed  by  the  Ministerial  followers,  foremost  of  whom  is 
Canning,  who  is  pointed  out  to  special  notice  by  '*  The 
Trial  of  Betty  Canning*'  hanging  out  of  his  pocket.  Pitt 
is  playing  at  cup  and  ball  with  his  right  hand.  The 
ball  is  a  globe  to  denote  his  influence  over  foreign 
countries,  as  well  as  at  home.  On  his  left  side  is  a  docu- 
ment labelled  '^  Resources  for  supporting  the  War,''  with 
a  collection  of  coin,  evidently  destined  for  foreign  sub- 
sidies. On  his  right  side  are  various  of&cial  returns  of 
volunteers,  seamen,  regulars  and  militia.  He  is  thus 
prepared  to  carry  on  the  war  abroad,  and  maintain  tran- 
quilhty  at  home. 

161. 
THE  LION'S  SHARE.  January  2nd,  1797. 

Sir  John  Jervis  is  seated  at  a  table,  contemplating 
"  Hints  on  St.  Eustatia  Prize  Money,"  borrowed  from  Sir 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  91 

George  Rodney's  conduct  in  1781,  which  he  seems  to  pro- 
pose as  a  model  for  himself.  He  cannot  raise  his  eyes 
without  encountering  the  view  of  Martinique.  Behind 
him  is  '^  St.  Vincents.'^  The  following  narrative  will 
illustrate  the  other  allusions,  and  elucidate  a  transaction 
warmly  canvassed  at  the  period. 

In  the  latter  part  of  the  year  1793,  the  English  Govern- 
ment decided  upon  sending  an  expedition  to  attack  the 
French  West  India  Islands,  and  reduce  them  to  submis- 
sion. Sir  John  Jervis  was  appointed  to  command  the 
naval  force,  and  Sir  Charles  Grey  received  the  command 
of  the  troops  which  accompanied  it.  The  armament 
sailed  from  St.  Helen's  on  the  26th  of  November;  Mar- 
tinique was  the  first  object  of  attack;  a  capitulation 
having  been  proposed  to  the  inhabitants,  but  not  acceded 
to,  it  was,  after  some  resistance,  carried  in  a  gallant  style. 
The  neighbouring  island  of  St.  Lucia,  about  six  leagues 
south  of  Martinique,  was  next  assailed  and  captured. 
The  surrender  of  Guadaloupe  followed  in  April,  and  Great 
Britain  was  thus  put  in  undisturbed  possession  of  all  the 
Leeward  colonies.  These  triumphs  accomplished,  the  Com- 
manders returned  to  England,  and  received  the  Thanks 
of  the  House  of  Commons  on  the  20th  of  May,  1794. 

The  satisfaction,  however,  was  of  short  duration.  The 
West  India  Merchants  accused  the  Commander-in-chief 
of  having  been  guilty  of  most  oppressive  and  tyrannical 
conduct  towards  the  inhabitants  of  the  conquered  islands, 
and  of  having  levied  illegal  and  unheard-of  contributions 
to  gratify  his  avarice  and  enrich  himself,  contrary  to  the 
promises  he  had  held  out.  At  length  on  the  second  of 
June,  1795,  Mr.  Barham  brought  the  subject  before  the 
House  of  Commons  by  a  motion  for  the  production  of  the 
proclamations  issued  at  Martinique,  "  to  levy  a  contribu- 
tion on  the  proprietors  of  the  estates,"  or  to  use  the  un- 
precedented expression  of  one  of  them,  '*  to  raise  a  sum  of 
money  adequate  to  the  value  of  the  conquest,'^  and  for 


92  gillray's  caricatures. 

this  purpose  requiring  a  specification  of  the  property  of 
the  inhabitants^  and  if  not  complied  with^  to  order  and 
enforce  a  general  confiscation/'  Mr.  Barham  said^  that 
delay  might  be  imputed  to  him  in  bringing  forward  his 
motion ;  but  he  would  anticipate  and  answer  the  objection 
by  stating  that  application  had  been  made  to  Ministers  in 
August  last^  but  no  answer  obtained  until  April.  He  con- 
tended that  the  resistance  made  did  not  justify  the  severity 
practised  at  Martinique^  an  islai\d  strongly  fortified  and 
capable  of  the  greatest  resistance^  the  contest  lasted 
twenty-three  days,  and  only  eighty-four  men  were  said  to 
be  lost.  Guadaloupe  held  out  for  eight  days^  St.  Lucie 
three  days,  and  was  said  to  be  taken  without  loss.  Mr. 
Manning,  an  eminent  West  India  merchant,  seconded  this 
motion,  and  attacked  Sir  J.  Jervis  with  great  asperity ; 
acquitting  Sir  Charles  Grey  of  any  intentional  infliction  of 
oppression.  He  arraigned  the  proceedings  as  contrary  to 
the  instructions  given  by  Government,  contrary  to  Act  of 
Parliament,  and  contrary  to  the  Law  of  Nations  I  The 
first  instance  of  contribation  had  taken  place  at  St.  Lucia, 
a  sum  of  three  hundred  thousand  pounds  was  imposed, 
which  was  afterwards  reduced  to  an  hundred  and  fifty 
thousand  pounds,  of  this  only  thirty  thousand  pounds 
had  been  levied,  a  plain  proof  that  the  original  imposition 
was  felt  to  be  exorbitant.  It  had  been  said  no  com- 
plaints had  been  transmitted.  The  reason  was  obvious, 
no  Notary  could  be  found  to  draw  up  a  remonstrance 
without  the  risk  of  being  expelled  from  the  islands. 

Mr.  Grey  (the  son  of  Sir  C.  Grey)  made  a  powerful 
reply.  He  insisted  the  Mover  and  Seconder  had  con- 
founded capitulation  and  conquest.  The  former  was  an 
arrangement  made  to  avoid  the  necessity  and  sanguinary 
consequences  of  the  latter,  and  if  rejected,  no  claim  could 
be  preferred  in  mitigation  to  the  conquerors.  With  re- 
spect to  one  Commander  in  whose  conduct  he  was  deeply 
interested  (Sir  C.  Grey)  and  to  whose  character  the  Hon. 


;  I 


POLITICAL    SERIES.  93 

Mover  had  stated  there  did  not  exist  the  smallest  reproach^ 
and  whose  conduct  he  attributed  to  inadvertence  or  mis- 
information^ he  would  only  say  if  he  did  not  absolutely 
reject  praise  from  such  a  quarter,  he  considered  it  of  no 
value.  It  had  been  broadly  stated,  that  every  thing  done 
at  St.  Eustatia  in  the  former  war  had  been  done  in  the 
late  expedition,  and  if  Mr.  Burke  had  continued  a  Member 
of  the  House,  that  Gentleman  would  have  denounced  it 
with  the  same  indignation ;  but  he  ought  to  have  recol- 
lected that  Mr.  Burke  had  subsequently  declared,  if  he 
could  find  a  bald  spot  on  the  head  of  Lord  Rodney,  he 
would  cover  it  with  laurel.  With  respect  to  the  proclama- 
tion, he  would  not  deny  it  was  carelessly  worded ;  as  soon 
as  the  Commander-in-chief  found  it  was  considered  oppres- 
sive, he  had  himself  annulled  it — it  had  never  been  acted 
on,  and  it  had  been  disavowed  by  the  Secretary  of  State. 
Mr.  Secretary  Dundas  most  ably  vindicated  the  proceed- 
ings of  the  Commanders.  '^  With  regard  to  the  easiness 
of  the  conquest,  he  differed  widely  from  those  who  seemed 
to  underrate  the  value  of  the  services  performed,  and  he 
contended  that  the  resistance  which  the  British  forces  met 
with  fully  justified  every  proceeding  that  had  taken  place." 
He  asked,  "  Did  what  had  taken  place  at  St.  Vincent's 
proceed  from  these  proclamations,  or  was  it  not  from  the 
insurrection  of  the  Caribs,  aided  by  Jacobin  principles, 
that  devastation  had  followed  in  that  island  ?"  He  then 
moved  the  previous  question,  which  was  carried  by  sixty- 
seven  against  seventeen.  Not  content  with  this,  Mr. 
Dundas  rendered  the  triumphs  of  the  Commanders  still 
more  complete  by  immediately  moving,  *^  That  this  House 
retains  the  cordial  sense,  which  they  have  already  expressed 
in  their  Vote  of  20th  May,  1 794,  of  the  distinguished 
merit  and  services  of  Sir  Charles  Grey  and  Sir  John  Jervis 
in  the  conquest  of  the  French  West  India  Islands/'  See 
Hansard's  Debates,  Vol.  32,  p.  54  to  74.  Captain  Bren- 
ton's  Life  of  Earl  St.  Vincent,  and  GifTord's  Life  of  Pitt. 


94  oillray's  caricaturks. 

This  repetition  of  a  Vote  of  Thanks  was  indeed  a  triumph^ 
there  was  no  precedent  for  it  in  the  annals  of  Parliament, 
and  none  has  ever  since  occurred. 

The  Corporation  of  London  voted  the  Freedom  of  the 
City  to  these  eminent  Commandei's^  which  was  presented 
to  them  by  the  Chamberlain  (Wilkes),  who  addressed  them 
in  an  elegant  speech^  concluding  with  these  words,  **  Per- 
mit, Gentlemen,  the  City  wreaths  to  be  mixed  with  the 
laurels  you  have  &irly  won,  and  which  a  general  applause 
must  more  and  more  endear  to  you.  These  sentiments  of 
gratitude  pervade  the  country  in  which  we  Hve,  while  they 
animate  the  metropolis  of  our  empire.  They  give  a  fuU 
indemnity  against  the  slanderous  breath  of  envy,  and  the 
foul  calumnies  of  the  envenomed  serpent-tongue  of 
malice,  which  in  these  latter  times  has  scarcely  ceased  to 
detract  from  and  endeavour  to  wound  superior  merit.*' 
See  Chamock's  Biographia  Navalis,  vol.  6.  p.  412. 

162. 
THE  TREE    OF   LIBERTY  MUST   BE   PLANTED 
IMMEDIATELY.  February  llth,  1797. 

FOX.  THELWALL.  LAUDERDALE.  BRSEINE.  WILKES. 

LORD  DERBY.      HORNE  TOOKE.      H.  A.  TAYLOR.     COL.  HANQEE. 
LORD   STANHOPE.  SHERIDAN. 

The  heads  of  the  Opposition  cut  off,  as  the  only  measure, 
According  to  the  violent  Tories,  which  would  insure  the 
salvation  of  the  country. 

163. 
THE     REPUBLICAN     HERCULES     DEFENDING 
HIS    COUNTRY.  February  \\)th,  1797. 

POX. 

Upon  the  declaration  of  Fox,  in  his  speeches  at  this 
time  of  threatened  invasion,  that,  so  far  was  he  from 
wishing  well  to  the  enemies  of  his  country,  he  would  be 
one  of  the  first  to  take  up  arms  in  its  defence. 


POLITICAL  SERIES. 


95 


164. 
THE  NUPTIAL  BOWER.  February  ISth,  1797. 

PITT.         HON.   GATHABIKS   ISABELLA  EDEN. 
POX,  THE   EVIL  ONE,  PEEPING  AT   THE   CHABMS   OP  EDEN. 

Whoever  is  acquainted  with  the  personal  character  of 
Mr.  Pitt,  only  from  the  narrative  of  his  biographers,  will 
conclude  that  he  was  cold,  stiflF,  and  unbending;  "  Indocilis 
privata  loqui,*'  incapable  of  descending  from  his  dignity, 
and  unwilling  to  indulge  in  the  relaxation  of  familiar  con- 
versation, and  the  pleasures  of  domestic  life.  He  is  here 
represented  in  a  more  amiable  point  of  view,  a  successful 
suitor  for  the  hand  of  a  fair  lady  and  conducting  her  to 
''  the  nuptial  bower.*'  ^'  The  tattle  of  the  town  (says 
Burke  in  a  letter  to  Mrs.  Crewe,  dated  Dec.  27,  1796),  is 
of  a  marriage  between  a  daughter  of  Lord  Auckland  and 
Mr.  Pitt,  and  that  our  statesman,  our  premier  des  hommes, 
will  take  his  Eve  from  the  Garden  of  Eden.  It  is  lucky 
there  is  no  serpent  there,  though  plenty  of  fruit.''  (See 
Burke's  Correspondence  as  published  by  Earl  FitzwiUiam, 
vol.  4.  p.  417).  This  rumour  obtained  belief  not  only 
among  the  public,  but  by  his  most  intimate  friends  and 
relatives.  Even  his  favourite  niece,  Lady  Hester  Stan- 
hope, who  resided  entirely  with  him,  was  fully  impressed 
with  a  conviction  of  the  truth  of  the  report.  She  naturally 
wished  to  obtain  a  sight  of  her  uncle's  intended  bride, 
but  the  lady  will  tell  her  own  story  more  gracefully  than 
we  could  hope  to  do.  '^  Mr.  Pitt  loved  ardently  Lord 
A(uck]and)'s  daughter.  She  was  the  only  woman  I  could 
have  wished  him  to  marry.  I  had  never  seen  her,  and  as 
she  frequented  Beckenham  Church,  I  went  on  a  visit  to 
Mr.  Grote's  the  banker  to  get  a  sight  of  her.  I  went  to 
church  with  Mr.  Long's  brother;  as  soon  as  we  appeared 
in  the  pew,  she  knew  who  I  was,  and  her  whole  body 
became  of  one  deep  red ;  a  paleness  followed,  she  dropped 

7 


96  otllray's  caricatures. 

her  faead^  put  her  hand  to  her  face,  and  bent  over  her 
book  as  if  praying.  When  the  service  was  over,  I  con- 
sidered that  the  meeting  with  her  was  not  a  scene  fit  for 
the  church-porch,  but  I  was  resolved  to  have  a  close  look 
at  her;  as  we  approached  her,  she  pretended  to  be  talking 
in  an  animated  manner  with  some  of  her  party,  but  her 
attention  was  evidently  turned  towards  me.  When  we 
saluted  I  saw  she  was  beautiful — very  beautiful.'^  (Lady 
H.  Stanhope's  Memoirs,  vol.  1.  p.  1 77.)  "  Next  day  rat- 
tat-tat- came  a  carriage  and  four  to  Mr.  Grote's  door,  '  My 
dear  Mr.  Qrote,  we  have  been  long  neighbours,  but  I  don't 
know  how  it  is  we  have  not  seen  so  much  of  each  other  as 
we  ought  to  have  done.'  This  was  Lord  A.  and  the  mother. 
The  young  lady  was  more  collected  by  this  time,  and  the 
conversation  went  on  very  well.''  "  Poor  Mr.  Pitt  almost 
broke  his  heart  when  he  gave  her  up.  But  he  considered 
that  she  was  not  a  woman  to  be  left  at  will  when  business 
might  require  it;  and  he  sacrificed  his  own  feelings  to  his 
sense  of  public  duty."  "  There  are  also  other  reasons, 
Mr.  Pitt  would  say,  there  is  her  mother,  such  a  chatterer, 
and  the  family  intrigues.  I  can't  keep  them  out  of  my 
house,  and  for  my  King's  and  country's  sake,  I  must  re- 
main a  single  man." — p.  178-9.  "Yet  Mr.  Pitt  was  a 
man  just  made  for  domestic  life.  But  he  used  to  say,  he 
considered  no  man  ought  to  marry,  who  could  not  give  a 
proper  share  of  his  time  to  his  wife,  for  how  would  it  be  if 
he  was  always  at  the  House,  or  in  business,  and  she  always 
at  the  opem,  or  whirling  about  in  her  carriage." — p.  180. 
We  will  now  relate,  on  the  authority  of  Mr.  Wilberforce, 
a  most  extraordinary  proposal  of  marriage  made  to  Mr. 
Pitt  in  1783.  Premising  that  Mr.  Wilberforce  was  the 
most  intimate  friend  and  associate  of  Mr.  Pitt  in  the  early 
part  of  his  political  career;  and  during  his  first  Chancellor- 
ship of  the  Exchequer,  he  frequently  used  to  go  to  Mr. 
Wilberforce's  house  at  Wimbledon,  and  stop  from  Saturday 
to  Monday,  even  tho'  the  master  of  the  house  was  kept 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  97 

in  town;  indeed^  one  time  Mr.  Pitt  resided  for  four  months 
in  Mr.  Wilberforce^s  house.  On  the  dissolution  of  the 
Shelbume  Administration  he  resolved  to  visit  France  in 
company  with  Mr.  Wilberforce,  and  his  brother-in-law, 
Mr.  Eliot.  The  three  friends  embarked  at  Dover  for 
Calais.  The  French  Court  was  then  residing  at  Fontaine- 
bleau.  Mr.  Pitt's  fame  had  preceded  him,  and  Marie 
Antoinette  received  him  with  distinguished  attention,  and 
''expressed  her  satisfaction  at  having  seen  him.*'  At 
Paris  whither  they  removed  upon  the  9th  of  September, 
it  was  hinted  to  him,  through  the  intervention  of  Horace 
Walpole,  that  he  would  be  an  acceptable  suitor  for  the 
daughter  of  the  celebrated  Necker,  afterwards  the  cele- 
brated Madame  de  Stacl.  Necker  is  said  to  have  offered 
to  endow  her  with  a  fortune  of  £14,000  per  annum, 
but  Mr.  Pitt  replied,  "I  am  already  married  to  my 
country.''— (Wilberforce's  Life,  vol.  1.  p.  39,  40.)  We 
have  stated  that  Mr.  Pitt's  biographers  have  not  done 
justice  to  his  conversational  talents,  with  which  he  could 
enliven  and  delight  a  private  circle.  We  will  adduce  a 
most  interesting  instance  occurring  where  most  of  our 
readers  would  least  expect  to  find  him, — in  FalstafPs 
Tavern,  capping  verses  from  Shakspeare.  "  Pitt  when  free 
from  shyness,  and  amongst  his  intimate  companions,  was 
the  very  soul  of  merriment  and  conversation.  He  was  the 
wittiest  man  I  ever  knew,  and  what  was  quite  peculiar  to 
himself  had  at  all  times  his  wit  under  entire  control. 
Others  appeared  struck  by  the  unwonted  association  of 
brilliant  images ;  but  every  possible  combination  of  ideas 
seemed  always  present  to  his  mind,  and  he  could  at  once 
produce  whatever  he  desired.  I  was  one  of  those  who 
met  to  spend  an  evening  in  memory  of  Shakspeare,  at 
the  Boar's  Head,  Eastcheap.  Many  professed  wits  were 
present,  but  Pitt  was  the  most  amusing  of  the  party,  and 
the  readiest  and  most  apt  in  the  required  allusions." — 
(Wilberforce's  Life,  vol.  1.  p.  18.) 

7  * 


98  QlLhRkY's  CARICMIURES. 

After  the  death  of  Mr.  Pitt,  in  1806,  the  Hon.  Catharine 
Isabella  Eden  married  the  right  Hon.  Nicolas  Yansittart, 
(the  present  Lord  Bexley),  and  died  in  1810. 


165. 

BANK  NOTES  —  PAPER  MONEY  —  FRENCH 
ALARMISTS ;  OR,  THE  DEYIL,  THE  DEYIL ! 
AH  !  POOR  JOHN  BULL  ! ! !  March  Ut,  1797. 

PITT.  SHERIDAN.  JOHN    BULL.  FOX.  STANHOPE. 

On  the  issue  of  paper  money,  to  save  the  Bank  from  the 
conseqaences  of  Pittas  financial  measures.  The  Whigs, 
Fox,  Sheridan,  Stanhope,  &c.  who  opposed  the  paper 
money  system  with  all  their  might,  are  here  endeavouring 
to  persuade  John  Bull  to  refuse  the  notes.  The  gold  is 
safely  locked  up  under  the  counter. 


166. 

THE  TABLES  TURNED.  BILLY  IN  THE  DEVIL'S 
CLAWS.  BILLY  SENDING  THE  DEVIL  PACK- 
ING.  March  4tK  1797. 

POX.  PITT.  PITT.  POX. 

On  the  landing  of  the  French  force  in  Pembrokeshire 
(which  was  immediately  captured),  and  Admiral  Jorvis's 
victory  over  the  Spanish  Fleet  off  Cape  St.  Vincent,  on  the 
14th  of  February,  1797.  The  Admiral  was  afterwards 
created  Earl  St.  Vincent.  The  Whigfs  were  supposed  to 
exult  over  the  appearance  of  the  French  in  Wales,  as  a 
proof  of  the  want  of  foresight  in  the  Ministers  (no  prepa- 
ration having  been  made  to  withstand  the  invasion) ;  and 
to  have  been  equally  disappointed  at  the  signal  victory 
which  added  laurels  to  the  Government. 


i 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  99 

167. 

POLITICAL  RAVISHMENT ;  OR,  THE  OLD  LADY 
OF  THREADNEEDLE  STREET  IN  DANGER. 

May  227id,  1797. 

PITT. 

On  tlie  stoppage  of  payments  in  specie  by  tlie  Bank  of 
England,  and  Pitt's  measure  for  the  issue  of  paper  money. 
The  Bank  had  been  obliged  to  make  loans  to  the  Govern- 
ment on  so  large  a  scale,  that  its  resources  in  specie  at  this 
time  were  entirely  exhausted,  and  the  heavy  run  upon  the 
banks  in  consequence  of  the  threats  of  an  invasion  held 
out  by  France,  had  absolutely  reduced  the  Bank  of  Eng- 
land to  the  necessity  of  stopping  payment.  The  obligation 
to  take  paper  money  was  looked  upon  as  an  act  of  violence 
upon  the  Bank,  as  well  as  upon  the  public,  and  it  was  said 
that  the  object  was  less  to  serve  the  Bank,  than  to  force 
the  people  of  England  to  take  paper  for  money,  while  the 
money  itself  was  sent  to  the  Continent  to  support  a  war 
which  was  not  beneficial  to  us.  The  box  on  which  the 
lady  is  seated  is  supposed  to  contain  the  money  of  the 
Bank  so  safely  locked  up  that  it  is  not  to  be  touched. 

168. 

MIDAS  TRANSMUTING  ALL  INTO  PAPER. 

^  March  9th,  1797. 

vox.  M.  A.  TATLOB.  GRET.  SHEIUDAN.  EBSKINE. 

PITT.  GBBNVILLB.  DUNDA8. 

On  the  same  subject ;  a  parody  upon  a  classic  story. 
The  political  Midas  is  turning  gold  into  paper,  and  the 
reeds  of  opposition  are  supposed  to  be  moved  into  letting 
oat  his  secret,  by  the  effect  of  the  wind  from  Brest  har- 
boi^*,  which  sends  over  an  army  of  French  Jacobites, 
armed  with  daggers. 


100  GILLRAT^S   CARICATURES. 

169. 

LE  BONNET   ROUGE ;    OR,  JOHN  BULL  EVAD- 
ING  THE  HAT  TAX.  April  bth,  1797. 

The  hat  tax  was  one  of  the  new  ways  of  increasing  the 
revenue  discovered  this  year.  It  is  said  to  have  led  to  an 
immense  addition  to  the  trade  in  caps,  as  a  method  of 
evading  the  direct  tax.  John  Bull  himself  is  here  trying 
the  experiment,  but  has  chosen  an  objectionable  colour 
(red).  It  is  intimated  that  the  excessive  and  increasing 
taxation  under  Pitt's  government,  was  making  John  Bull 
less  and  less  hostile  to  the  terrible  bonnet  rouge, 

170. 
THE  BRIDAL  NIGHT.  May  I8th,  1797. 

LORD  SALISBURY  (Lord  Chamberlain).  G£0.  in.  queen,  pitt. 

PRINCE  OF  WIRTEHBERO.  PRINCESS  ROYAL.  PRINCESSES. 
PRINCE  OF  WALKS — DUKES  OF  YORK,  CLARENCE^  AND 
GLOUCESTER — PRINCE   WILLIAM   OF   GLOUCESTER. 

On  the  marriage  of  the  Prince  of  Wirtemberg  (who  was 
remarkable  for  his  obesity)  with  the  Princess  Royal  of 
England,  on  the  19th  of  May,  1797.  It  is  a  broad  and 
very  clever  caricature  on  the  most  distinguished  personages 
of  the  English  Court  at  this  time.  Pitt,  as  usual,  pro- 
duces the  money  necessary  for  the  completion  of  this  grand 
alliance.  The  Prince  of  Wirtemberg,  who  was  described  by 
some  of  the  wits  of  the  age  as  a  gi'cat  hellygcrent,  and 
therefore  a  very  warlike  prince,  is  covered  with  a  prof  usioii 
of  Orders.  The  allusion  in  the  picture  of  the  elephant, 
surmounted  by  Cupid,  can  hardly  be  misunderstood. 

171. 
LE  BAISER  A  LA  WIRTEMBOURG. 

April  \5th,  1797. 

THE    PRINCESS    ROYAL.  PRINCE   OF   WIRTEMBERG. 

Another  satire  on  the  royal  couple,  the  wit  of  which  is 
BulHcicntly  evident. 


,•  •  •  • 

'  •:  •••  •••  •  • 


POLITICAL  SERIES.  101 

172. 
PARLIAMENTARY  REFORM;    OR,   OPPOSITION 
RATS    LEAVING    THE    HOUSE    THEY    HAD 
UNDERMINED.  May  28th,  1797. 

WILBBRFORCE.         DUNDAS.         PITT.         GBCY.         ERSEINE. 
FOX.  SHERIDAN.  H.  A.   TAYLOR. 

On  the  26th  of  May,  1797,  Mr.  Grey  rose  to  renew  the 
oft-discussed  motion  for  Parliamentary  Reform,  and  was 
seconded  by  Erskine.  Pitt,  who  began  political  liEe  as  a 
violent  advocate  of  reform,  opposed  the  motion.  Pox 
made  a  splendid  speech  in  favour  of  the  motion,  and 
Sheridan  also  exerted  himself  on  the  same  side.  Never- 
theless, the  Ministers  had,  as  usual,  an  overwhelming 
majority.  The  Opposition,  who  were  charged  with  a 
design  to  overthrow  the  House  of  Commons  by  their 
motion,  and  with  it  the  Constitution  of  the  country,  and 
who  had  been  so  signally  defeated,  are  represented  as 
taking  to  their  heels  after  they  had  done  all  the  mischief 
in  their  power.  The  Opposition  had  seceded  from  the 
sittings  of  Parliament  after  their  defeat,  as  a  means  of 
shewing  their  disgust  at  the  corruption  by  which  the 
Government  was  supported. 

173. 
THE  LOYAL  TOAST.  February  3rd,  1798. 

NICHOLS.     DUKE  OF  BEDFORD.    SHERIDAN.    FOX. 

DUKE  OF  NORFOLK. 

On  the  24th  of  January,  1798,  a  dinner  took  place  at 
the  Crown  and  Anchor  Tavern,  to  celebrate  the  birth-day 
of  Mr.  Pox.  The  company  assembled  was  unusually 
numerous.  The  Whigs  and  friends  of  freedom  in  general 
resolved  to  make  a  grand  demonstration  to  shew  that  their 
confidence  in  the  principles  and  conduct  of  Mr.  Pox  was 
unshaken  by  the  secession  of  the  Portland  party  from 
their  ranks,  by  the  smallness  of  the  minority  in  Parlia- 


102  oillray's  cabicatubis. 

ment^  or  any  other  adverse  political  circumstance.  The 
continued  suspension  of  the  Habeas  Corpus  Act^  and 
various  coercive  measures  restricting  the  liberty  of  the 
subject  and  the  press,  seemed  to  them  to  demand  a  signal 
display  of  their  admiration  of  the  great  champion  of  the 
rights  of  the  people,  and  the  principles  of  the  Constitution 
as  established  at  the  Revolution  of  1688.  The  Duke  of 
Norfolk  presided  on  the  occasion.  Aa  soon  as  the  cloth 
was  removed,  the  Duke  of  Norfolk  rose  and  said,  ^'  We 
are  met  in  a  moment  of  most  serious  difficulty  to  celebrate 
the  birth  of  a  man  dear  to  the  friends  of  freedom.  I  shall 
only  recall  to  your  memory  that  not  twenty  years  ago,  the 
illustrious  George  Washington  had  not  more  than  two 
thousand  men  to  rally  round  him,  when  his  country  was 
attacked.  America  is  now  free.  This  day  fall  2000  men 
are  assembled  in  this  place.  I  leave  the  application  to 
you.     I  propose  to  you  the  health  of 

"  Charles  James  Fox." 

In  the  course  of  the  evening  the  Duke^s  health  was 
drank  with  great  enthusiasm.  He  returned  thanks,  and 
concluded  his  speech  with  these  words, ''  Give  me  leave  to 
call  on  you  to  drink.  Our  Sovereign's  health, 

"The  Majesty  op  the  People." 

In  a  day  or  two  reports  reached  the  Duke  of  Norfolk 
from  various  quarters  that  his  conduct  had  excited  the 
utmost  indignation  at  St.  James's,  and  that  he  would 
probably  be  deprived  of  his  Lord-Lieutenancy  of  the  West 
Biding  of  Yorkshire,  and  his  Colonelcy  in  the  Militia. 
Ho  accordingly  waited  on  the  Duke  of  York,  and  assured 
him  that  he  had  been  misrepresented,  or  misunderstood ; 
that  he  had  only  endeavoured  to  inculcate  an  admiration 
of  those  principles,  which  had  seated  his  Majesty's  family 
on  the  throne ;  but  as  it  was  generally  believed  that  the 
enemy  meditated  an  invasion  of  the  kingdom^  he  requested 
his  regiment  might  be  assigned  the  post  of  the  greatest 
danger,  to  give  him  an  opportunity  of  proving  his  loyalty 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  103 

and  attacliment  to  the  throne.  The  Duke  of  York  listened 
with  great  courtesy^  and  assured  him  his  request  should 
be  immediately  laid  before  the  King;  then  abruptly 
breaking  off  the  conversation,  most  annoyingly  asked  him, 
"  if  he  had  seen  Blue  Beard/'  a  dramatic  romance  just 
brought  out  with  great  splendour  at  Drury  Lane.  The 
Duke  of  Norfolk  of  course  perceived  that  no  interference 
was  to  be  expected  from  this  quarter,  and  immediately 
retired.  A  few  days  after,  he  received  a  letter  from  the 
Duke  of  Portland,  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Home  Depart- 
ment, informing  him  that  the  King  ^^  had  no  further  occa- 
sion for  his  services,''  and  on  the  6th  of  February  Earl 
Fitzwilliam  was  gazetted  as  Lord-Lieutenant  of  the  West 
Riding  of  York,  " vice  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  resigned" 
The  Ministerial  writers  and  their  partisans  highly  extolled 
the  dismissal  of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  and  represented  the 
toast  of  '^  the  Majesty  of  the  People,"  as  highly  seditious, 
and  emanating  in  the  principles  of  the  French  Revolution. 
We  are  surprised  to  find  this  latter  assertion  repeated  by 
writers  of  historical  memoirs  of  the  times.  We  shall  pro- 
ceed to  give  irrefragable  proof  that  the  toast  was  not 
unprecedented,  that  it  did  not  originate  with  the  Duke  of 
Norfolk,  and  that  it  had  been  drank  during  the  adminis- 
tration of  the  Marquis  of  Rockingham,  many  years  anterior 
to  the  Revolution  in  France.  In  the  General  Advertiser, 
of  the  13th  of  April,  1782,  then  edited  by  the  late  Mr. 
Perry  (afterwards  the  eminent  proprietor  of  the  Morning 
Chronicle),  we  find  an  account  of  a  dinner  of  the  electors 
of  Westminster  held  the  preceding  day  at  the  Shakspeare 
Tavern,  Earl  Fitzwilliam  in  the  chair.  The  first  toast 
given  by  his  Lordship  was,  "  The  Majesty  of  the  People." 
It  was  drank  by  the  Earl  of  Effingham,  the  Earl  of  Surrey 
(afterwards  Duke  of  Norfolk,  and  the  subject  of  the  present 
remarks),  Mr.  Secretary  Fox,  Burke,  Windham,  Dean 
Jebb,  J.  Churchill,  Brand  Hollis,  Dr.  Brocklesby,  &c.  &c. 
Thus  the  identical  toast  was  proposed  and  drank  by  Earl 


104  aiLLRAY^S   CARICATURES. 

Fitzwilliam,  to  whom  the  Lord-Lieutenancy  now  taken 
from  the  Duke  of  Norfolk  was  given.  It  is  not  a  little 
remarkable  that  Earl  Fitzwilliam  himself  was  dismissed 
by  his  new  Tory  Allies  in  1819,  from  the  same  Lord- 
Lieutenancy  of  the  West  Riding  of  York,  for  presiding  at 
a  county  meeting  in  Yorkshire,  at  which  resolutions  were 
passed  condemning  the  measures  of  Ministers  respecting 
the  Manchester  meeting  called  by  Hunt. 

On  the  6th  of  February,  the  next  monthly  meeting  of 
the  Whig  Club  was  held  at  the  London  Tavern.  The 
Duke  of  Norfolk  presided.  He  gave  as  a  toast,  "The 
Man  who  dares  be  honest  in  the  worst  of  times — 

"Charles  James  Fox.'' 
Mr.  Fox  returned  thanks,  and  then  toasted 

"The  Sovereignty  of  the  People.'' 
He  subsequently  proposed  the  health  of  the  Duke  of 
Norfolk  in  a  most  powerful  speech.  He  adverted  to  the 
dismissal  of  the  Duke.  No  reason  had  been  officially 
assigned ;  it  was,  however,  generally  understood  that  it 
had  arisen  from  the  eulogium  pronounced  on  General 
Washington.  Was  it  to  be  wondered  at,  that  the  noble 
Dnke,  v^ho  had  uniformly  opposed  the  American  war, 
should  have  done  so  ?  What  Englishman,  what  man  of 
any  country,  whose  heart  was  animated  with  a  love  of 
freedom,  did  not  venerate  the  name  of  that  illustrious 
patriot  ?  It  seems  also  ''  a  toast  has  given  offence — the 
Majesty  of  the  People.  I  do  not  know  upon  what  times 
we  are  fallen,  but  the  sovereignty  of  the  people  of  Great 
Britain  is  surely  a  thing  not  new  to  the  language,  to  the 
feelings,  nor  the  hearts  of  Englishmen.  It  is  the  basis  of 
the  whole  system  of  our  Government.  It  is  an  opinion, 
which  if  it  be  not  true.  King  William  was  an  usurper. 
By  what  right  did  the  glorious  and  immortal  King  William 
the  Third,  whose  portrait  is  placed  on  our  chair,  come  to 
the  throne  of  these  realms,  if  not  by  that  of  the  sovereignty 
of  the  people  ?     .     .     .     ITie  King  holds  his  title  by  an 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  105 

Act  of  Parliament.  Who  called  that  Parliament  ?  King 
William  the  Third.  By  what  right  did  he  obtain  it? 
By  a  Convention  representing  the  sovereignty  of  the 
people.  The  Convention  of  Representatives  in  fact  did 
the  thing.  It  is  whimsical  enough  to  deprive  the  noble 
Doke  of  his  appointments  for  an  offence,  which  if  he  had 
not  committed  during  the  reigns  of  George  I.  and  George 
n.  would  have  subjected  him  to  the  charge  of  being  a 
Jacobite,  and  an  adherent  of  the  exiled  family.  .  .  Of 
the  persons  of  his  Majesty's  Ministers  I  will  not  say  a 
word.  There  are  several  of  them  to  whom  I  may  fairly 
say  this  sentiment  is  not  new.  One  member  of  the 
Cabinet  (the  Duke  of  Portland)  is  still  a  member  of  this 
Club ;  another  (Mr.  Windham)  was  a  member,  and  a  third 
(Earl  Spencer)  long  gloried  in  holding  the  same  tenets. 
How  often  with  the  two  first  have  we  drank  the  sentiment 
in  this  room !  What  did  they  mean  when  they  drank  the 
Sovereignty  of  the  People  ?  What,  but  that  they  recognized 
by  this  approved  and  customary  method  a  truth  which 
belongs  to  all  people  in  reality,  but  is  the  avowed  basis 
of  the  Government  of  England,  that  the  people  of  every 
country  are  its  legitimate  Sovereign,  and  that  all  authority 
is  delegated  from  and  for  them  ?  I  should  be  ashamed  on 
account  of  my  old  respect  for  those  persons,  if  they  did 
not  honestly  avow  this  to  be  their  sense  of  the  sentiment.*' 

174. 
THE     FRIEND     OF    HUMANITY    AND    KNIFE- 
GRINDER.— Scene,  BOROUGH.  Dec.  4th,  1797. 

TIEENEY. 

After  the  secession  of  Fox,  Sheridan,  and  the  leading 
Whigs,  the  Opposition  Benches  presented  a  dreary  and 
barren  waste.  A  feeble  resistance  to  the  Ministerial 
measures  was  indeed  maintained  by  NichoUs  and  a  few 
others,  but  the  Genius  Loci  had  departed. 


106  oillrat's  caricatures. 

"  No  streamB  as  amber  smooth,  as  amber  clear, 
Were  seen  to  flow,  or  heard  to  warble  here  •" 

when  a  New  Luminary  ascended  the  political  horizon. 
The  electors  of  Southwark  returned  Tiemey  as  their 
representative  to  Parliament.  He  was  known  to  have 
drawn  up  the  celebrated  petition  of  the  Society  of  the 
Friends  of  the  People  for  a  reform  in  the  House  of  Com- 
mons, in  which  the  defects  of  the  representation  were 
exposed  with  consummate  skill.  He  now  evinced  a  com- 
pass of  information,  and  practical  knowledge  of  business 
and  its  details,  which  won  and  secured  the  attention  of  the 
House.  His  manner  was  peculiarly  calculated  to  make  an 
impression  on  a  popular  audience.  He  appeared  always 
to  treat  a  subject  with  the  greatest  candour,  and  his 
elocution  was  remarkably  fluent  and  easy,*  partaking 
rather  of  the  style  of  superior  conversation,  than  of  a  formal 
harangue.  The  most  withering  sneer,  or  the  most  cutting 
sarcasm,  seemed  to  fall  from  him  without  effort,  and  as  if 
he  were  unconscious  of  the  wound  he  had  inflicted  on  his 
opponent.  Finance  was  his  favourite  battle-field,  but  he 
could  discuss  every  topic  of  foreign  and  domestic  policy 
with  the  ability  of  an  enlightened  statesman.  His  mode 
of  taking  to  pieces  the  arguments  of  the  persons  to  whom 
he  replied,  and  reconstructing  them  in  his  own  way,  sur- 
prised  his  hearers,  who  wondered   they  themselves  had 

*  We  have  stated  above  that  Tiemey  always  spoke  with  case  and  flacncj, 
we  only  recollect  his  having  faltered  once  in  a  very  perceptible  manner. 
This  we  shall  record  from  the  pleasantness  of  the  remark  it  drew  from 
Dudley  North  when  Tiemey  had  joined  the  Addington  administration, 
and  accepted  the  Treasorership  of  the  Navy,  he  made  an  able  reply  to  Pitt's 
motion  for  an  inquiry  into  the  state  of  the  Navy.  After  sneering  at  the 
Kt.  Hon.  shipwright,  he  allndcd  to  the  difficulties  the  l^ttites  and  Foxites 
must  have  felt  in  passing  over  to  join  each  other,  and  illustrated  it  by  the 
puzzle  of  the  Fox,  the  Goose,  and  the  bag  of  com,  when  he  suddenly  faltered 
and  hesitated  for  some  time  in  elucidating  the  similitude :  **  Oh  I'*  said 
Dudley  North,  "  ho  has  juxt  recollected  he  is  describing  himself,  he  has  left 
the  Fox,  gone  over  to  the  Goose,  and  pocketed  the  bag  of  com.^ 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  107 

failed  to  perceive  tlie  absurdity  of  them  during  the  delivery 
of  the  preceding  speech.  The  attention  of  the  House  never 
flagged,  for  he  never  wearied  it  by  prolix  digressions.  His 
private  character  was  invulnerable^  which  gave  additional 
influence  and  weight  to  his  arguments.  No  ribaldry  ever 
sullied  his  speeches^  and  his  political  adversaries^  Canning 
and  the  wits  of  the  Anti-Jacobin,  paid  homage  to  the 
correctness  and  propriety  of  his  conduct  (see  the  Anti- 
Jacobin^  vol.  i.  pp.  415-16).  Such  was  the  man^  who,  for 
the  remainder  of  his  life,  was  destined  to  take  a  leading 
part  in  the  councils  of  his  country. 

The  print  of  "The  Feiend  of  Humanity  and  the 
Knife-gbindeb/^  was  intended  as  a  graphic  illustration 
of  Canning^s  parody  of  Southey^s  Poem  entitled  "  The 
Widow/^  and  written  in  English  Sapphics,  in  imitation  of 
the  original.    See  Southey's  Poetical  Works,  vol.  ii.  p.  141. 

Southey  was  the  son  of  a  respectable  tradesman  at 
Bristol.  He  was  educated  at  Westminster  School,  and 
went  from  thence  to  Balliol  College,  Oxford,  "  destined 
for  the  Church.*'  At  both  places  he  prosecuted  his 
studies  with  zeal  and  laudable  perseverance,  and  might 
be  reckoned  among  the  ^^  multa  et  prsBclara  minantes.*' 
Unfortunately  Coleridge,  then  a  student  at  Cambridge, 
visited  Oxford,  and  formed  an  intimacy  with  Southey, 
which  soon  ripened  into  friendship,  Coleridge  found 
Southey  a  republican,  and  made  him  a  Unitarian.  He 
was  too  honest  to  entertain  any  further  thoughts  of  taking 
orders  in  the  Church.  He  went  to  his  mother  at  Bristol. 
His  evil  genius  Coleridge  visited  him  there,  and  opened 
to  him  a  plan  for  emigrating  to  North  America,  and 
establishing  a  Socialist  colony  on  the  banks  of  the 
Susquehannah.  The  youthful  Southey  (for  he  was  only 
in  his  twentieth  year)  embraced  his  proposal  with  ardour. 
The  two  friends  enlisted  Lovell,  a  clever  young  Quaker, 
and  G.  Bennett,  a  fellow  collegian  of  Southey  at  Oxford. 
From  this  new  republic  all  the  deteriorating  passions  were 


108  gillray's  caricatures. 

to  be  excluded,  "  injustice,  anger,  wrath,  clamour,  and  evil 
speaking,"  and  they  were  to  set  an  example  of  human 
perfectibility.     (See  Cottle's  Recollections  of  Coleridge.) 
Twelve  was  the  number  originally  proposed  to  found  the 
colony.     Females  were   indispensable  to   the   colonists. 
Every  associate  was  therefore  to  be  a  married  man,  or  to 
marry  previous  to  their  departure.     They  seemed  to  have 
lost  sight  of  their  favourite  simpUcity  when  they  dignified 
their  new  scheme  of  government  with  the  magniloquent 
title  of  Pantisocracy.     The  preceding  particulars  of  the 
Socialist  scheme,  have  been  collected  chiefly  from  Cottle's 
Eecollections  of  Coleridge.    The  following  is  the  narrative 
of  the  Rev.  Cuthbert  Southey,  given  in  his  recently  pub- 
lished life  of  his  father.     "  Their  plan  was  to  collect  as 
many  brother  adventurers  as  they  could,  and  to  establish 
a  community  in  the  new  world  upon  the  most  thoroughly 
social  basis.    Land  was  to  be  purchased  with  their  common 
contributions,  and  to  be  cultivated  by  their  common  labour. 
Each  was  to  have  his  portion  of  work  assigned  him,  and 
they  calculated  that  a  large  part  of  their  time  would  still 
remain  for  social  converse  and  literary  pursuits.     The 
females  of  the  party,  for  all  were  to  be  married  men,  were 
to  cook  and  perform  all  the  domestic  offices,  and  having 
gone  so  far  as  to  plan  the  architecture  of  their  cottages, 
and  the  form  of  their  settlement,  they  had  pictured  as 
pleasant  a  Utopia  as  ever  entered  an  ardent  mind." — 
Southey's  Life,  vol.  1,  p.  281,  1849.     A  ship  was  to  be 
freighted,  and  implements  of  husbandry,  and  all  other 
necessaries  were  to  be  purchased.    The  cost  was  estimated 
at  about  two  thousand  pounds  ;  but  neither  the  requisite 
funds,   nor   the   required   associates  could  be  obtained. 
Southey  then  proposed  to  Coleridge  to  found  this  Pantiso- 
cracy in  some  retired  part  of  Wales.    Coleridge,  however, 
seems  to  have  awakened  from  this  romantic  dream,  and  in 
a  sensible  letter  to  Southey  pointed  out  the  insuperable 
difficulties  of  the  scheme.    Fortunately  for  his  happiness ; 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  109 

fortunately  for  his  fame,  and  fortunately  for  the  literature 
of  his  country,  Pantisocracy  was  abandoned.     His  kind 
uncle,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Hill,  Chaplain  to  the  British  Factory 
at  Lisbon,  who  had  defrayed  the  expenses  of  his  education, 
invited  him  to  accompany  him  to  Lisbon.     He  accepted 
the  invitation,  but  privately  married  Miss  Edith  Flicker,* 
on  the  14th  of  November,  1795,  the  very  morning  he  left 
Bristol  to  join  his  uncle,  assigning  as  his  reason  for  this 
extraordinary  step,  that  in  case  of  his  death  he  had  kind 
relations,  who  would  assist  his  widow,  who  might  not  have 
felt  themselves  called  upon  to  aid  his  aiSanced  bride. 
Previous  to  leaving  Bristol  he  sold  the  copyright  of  his 
Joan  of  Arc  to  Cottle,  a  bookseller  at  Bristol;    on  his 
return  home  he  published  his  Letters  from  Spain  and 
Portugal,  and  went  to  Bristol  to  bring  his  wife  to  London. 
In  November  1796,  he  entered  himself  a  member  of  Gray's 
Inn,  intending  to  become  a  barrister.    He  now  supported 
himself  in  a  great  measure  by  his  literary  publications.    A 
deeper  study  of  the  Scriptures,  a  more  mature  judgment, 
and  an  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  writings  of  our 
more  celebrated  Divines  reclaimed  him  from  Unitarianism, 
and  henceforward  he  became  a  sincere  and  enlightened 
member  and  advocate  of  the  Church  of  England.     His 
republican  principles  were  also  abandoned,  and  he  became 
an  ultra- tory.    There  is  no  reason  to  doubt  his  conversion 
in  either  instance  was  the  result  of  honest  conviction. 
In  1801,  he  was  appointed  private  secretary  to  Mr.  Corry, 
Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  for  Ireland,  and  on  that  gentle- 
man's resignation  of  office,  Southey  retired  to  Keswick  in 
Cumberland.  His  circumstances  were  now  sadly  straitened. 
His  old  friend  and  schoolfellow  at  Westminster,  Mr.  (now 
the  Right  Hon.)  Charles  Winn,  munificently  allowed  him 
from  his  own  moderate  fortune  an  annuity  of  £160.  till  he 
could  obtain  something  equal  or  superior.    In  1807,  when 

*  There  were  three  sisters  of  the  name  of  Fricker.    One  was  married  to 
Lovell,  the  second  to  Coleridge,  and  Southey  married  Edith. 


110  OILLBAT^S   CARICATUBES. 

JiOrd  Grenville  was  quitting  office^  he  proposed  to  tlie 
King  to  grant  Southey  a  pension  of  £200.  per  annnm^  to 
which  his  Majesty  "  graciously  assented."  In  1813,  by 
the  intervention  of  Sir  Walter  Scott  he  succeeded  Pyo 
as  Poet  Laureate,  and  was  exempted  from  paying  the 
degrading  quit-rent  of  an  annual  birthday  ode. 

When  the  Quarterly  Review  was  established,  he  was 
for  several  years  one  of  its  most  valuable  contributors, 
and  his  articles  greatly  extended  its  reputation  and  sale. 
His  numerous  compositions  in  verse  and  prose  have  been 
variously  estimated.  The  pubUc  has  confirmed,  and  per- 
haps many  of  his  personal  friends  will  accept  the  following 
as  a  candid  and  discriminating  sketch  of  his  literary 
character,  though  drawn  by  the  hand  of  his  inveterate 
enemy  Lord  Byron.  ^'  His  prose  is  perfection ;  of  his 
poetry  there  are  various  opinionfl,  too  much  of  it  for  the 
present  generation.  Posterity  will  probably  select.  He 
has  passages  equal  to  anything.  At  present  he  has  a 
party,  but  no  public,  except  for  his  prose  writings.  His 
Life  of  Nelson  is  beautiful."  See  Note  to  Byron's  Vision 
of  Judgment. 

175. 
THE    STORM   RISING;    OR,   THE   REPUBLICAN 
FLOTILLA  IN  DANGER.  February  1st,  1798. 

FOX.         SHERIDAN.         DUKE   OF  BEDFORD.         TIERNEY.        PITT. 

On  the  assistance  which  it  was  pretended  the  Whigs 
were  giving  to  the  threatened  French  invasion.  In  the  dis- 
tance the  Evil  One,  mounted  on  the  guillotine,*  is  dancing 

*  So  called  from  the  namo  of  the  original  proposer  of  the  machine.  Dr. 
Joseph  Ignace  Goillotin,  a  physician  of  Paris,  a  Member  of  the  States- 
General,  and  the  Omstitnent  Assembly.  He  is  said  to  have  been  a  itrj 
homane  man,  and  to  haye  suggested  this  mode  of  execution,  as  the  least 
painful  to  the  sufferer.  Towards  the  close  of  the  Reign  of  Terror  he  wai 
arrested,  imprisoned,  and  narrowly  escaped  decapitation  by  the  instrument 
he  had  himself  introduced.  On  his  liberation  from  prison,  he  abandoned  his 
political  career,  and  resumed  the  medical  profession.  He  died  at  Paris  id  1814< 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  Ill 

in  the  highest  glee,  and  playing  the  popular  tune  of  ^'Over 
the  water  to  Charley.*'  (Fox.) 

176. 

LA  PROMENADE  EN  PAMILLE.  A  SKETCH 
PROM  LIPE.  April  23rd,  1797. 

THE   FITZCLABENCES.  HBS.  JORDAN.  DUKE  OF  CLARENCE. 

On  the  relations  between  the  Duke  of  Clarence  and 
Mrs.  Jordan,  a  subject  of  much  scandal  at  this  time. 

177. 
THE  ESPLANADE.  June  Ist,  1797. 

LORD  CATHCART.  GEORGE  III.  SIR  D.  DUNDAS. 

A  caricature  on  the  undignified  appearance  of  royalty  in 
the  person  of  George  III.  As  the  motto  seems  to  inti- 
mate, the  King  is  steering  a  clear  course  between  two 
gallant  officers,  who  are  no  less  caricatures  than  himself. 
It  is  to  be  supposed  that  Majesty  is  relaxing  in  its  retreat 
at  Weymouth. 

178. 

CONSEQUENCES  OP  A  SUCCESSPUL  PRENCH 
INVASION.— No.  I.  Plate  1.  WE  COME  TO 
RECOVER  YOUR  LONG  LOST  LIBERTIES.— 
Scene:  the  House  of  Commons.      Marrh  Ist,  1798. 

DUNDAS.  PITT.  SHERIDAN.  FOX. 

These  illustrations  of  what  it  was  anticipated  would  be 
the  consequence  of  the  success  of  revolutionary  principles, 
if  violently  established  in  this  country,  were  not  originally 
designed  by  Gillray,  as  stated  in  the  inscription  below,  but 
in  transferring  the  designs  to  copper,  he  seems  to  have 
given  them  much  of  liis  own  spirit  and  manner.  Pitt  and 
Dundas  appear  in  the  first  as  two  convicts,  chained  toge- 
ther for  transportation,  with  the  rest  of  the  Members  of 

8 


112  gillray's  caricatures. 

the  House  of  Commons,  to  the  Calonies ;  while  Fox  is 
breaking  the  Mace,  and  Sheridan  burning  the  Records. 
In  other  respects  these  Plates  are  sufficiently  explained  by 
the  description  at  the  bottom.  In  this  first  subject,  how- 
ever, the  copper  of  this  description  has  been  lost  (having 
been  engraved  on  a  separate  piece),  it  is  therefore  here 
inserted. 

Description  as  published  by  Gillray.  —  One 
French  soldier  putting  handcuffs,  and  another  fetters,  on 
the  Speaker,  whose  mouth  is  gagged  with  a  drumstick. 
The  rest  of  the  Members,  two  and  two,  tied  together  with 
cords,  (Mr*  Pitt  and  Mr.  Dundas  by  the  arms  with  an  iron 
chain,  which  has  three  padlocks,  but  the  keyholes  spiked 
up).  They  are  all  dressed  in  the  uniform  of  the  Convicts  of 
Botany  Bay,  to  wit,  coats  of  two  colours,  long  breeches, 
no  stockings,  and  their  heads  close  shaved ;  French  guards 
opposite  to  the  Members,  with  their  hats  on  ;  one  of  whom 
carries  an  axe,  and  a  blazon  of  a  Death^s  head  on  his 
breast.  Two  clerks  near  him,  with  their  pens  in  their 
ears,  hanging  their  heads.  Republicans  in  the  galleries, 
wearing  their  hats,  in  which  are  triple-coloured  cockades, 
and  clapping  their  hands.  An  English  blacksmith,  in  his 
waistcoat  and  cap  of  liberty,  breaking  the  mace  in  pieces 
with  a  fore-hammer.  The  Statutes  tumbled  on  the  floor. 
The  cap  of  Hberty  raised  high  behind  the  Speaker's  chair, 
below  which  is  painted,  in  capital  letters — "  This  House 
adjourned  to  Botany  Bay, '  sine  die.'  '' — The  chaffers  and 
burning  charcoal  continuing  to  stand  in  their  present 
places  in  the  House,  but  filled  with  red  hot  irons  to  sear 
one  cheek  of  the  Members  before  they  set  off*;  and  the 
other,  if  they  shall  be  found  guilty,  by  the  verdict  of  a 
French  jury,  of  returning  to  their  own  country,  without 
leave  of  the  French  Directory,  in  writing.  An  English 
cobbler,  in  the  cap  of  liberty,  blowing  with  a  bellows  one 
of  the  chaffers ;  the  fuel,  the  Journals  of  the  House. 


POLITICAL   SEBIES.  113 

179. 

No.  I.  Plate  2.— WE  EXPLAIN  DE  RIGHTS  OP 
MAN  TO  DE  NOBLESSE.  March  Ut,  1798. 

The  scene  is  here  transferred  to  the  House  of  Lords, 
which  is  undergoing  a  &te  similar  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons. 

180. 

No.  I.  Plate  3.— WE  PLY  ON  THE  WINGS  OP 
THE  WIND  TO  SAVE  THE  IRISH  CATHOLICS 
PROM  PERSECUTION. 

The  treatment  which  the  Irish  were  to  expect  on  the 
arrival  of  the  Prench^  whom  their  agitators  had  so  often 
invited  over  as  their  deliverers. 

181. 

No.  L  Plate  4.— MB  TEACH  DE  ENGLISH  RE- 
PUBLICANS  TO  WORK. —  Scene:  a  Ploughed 
Field.  March  Ist,  1798. 

The  English  are  at  length  tasting  the  sweets  of  the 
French  Constitation.  The  description^  which  has  been 
lost,  is  here  supplied. 

Description,  as  poblished  by  Gilleay.  —  A  row 
of  English  people  in  tatters,  and  wooden  shoes,  hoeing  a 
field  of  garlic.  A  tall,  raw-boned  Frenchman,  with  a  long 
queue  behind,  like  a  Negro  driver,  with  a  long  waggoner's 
whip  in  each  hand,  walking  by  their  side.  The  people 
very  sulky,  but  tolerably  obedient  and  tractable  for  so 
short  a  time ;  John  Bull  being  a  bad  lad  only  when  you 
are  very  good  to  him.  The  group  of  the  hoers  are,  a 
husbandman,  his  wife,  a  manu&cturer,  a  curate,  and  an 
old  man.  In  another  part  of  the  field,  four  other  English 
people,  a  father  and  son  (husbaudmen),  with  two  seamen, 
in  a  yoke,  drawing  a  plough  ;  a  French  farmer  guiding  it 

8  * 


114  GILLRAY^S   CARICATURES. 

with  one  hand^  and  with  the  other  floarishing  and  cracking 
a  French  postillion's  long  whip ;  a  French  boy  walking 
by  the  side  of  the  yoke  with  a  goad,  which  has  a  point  as 
sharp  as  a  needle.  The  French  hoe-driver  gives  his  in- 
structions thus  :  '^  Jacqtces  Roastherf,  hoe  straight,  deep, 
quick,  and  rest  not.'' — The  instructions  of  the  French 
holder  of  the  plough  are :  "  Monsieur  John  Bull.  Mon 
Ami/'  (in  English)  "  My  friend,  Mr.  John  Bull,  pull  hard, 
plough  deep,  trot  quick,  turn  sudden,  rest  not."  AMessager 
d'Etat,  (in  English)  a  Messenger  of  State,  in  his  Habit  of 
OflSce,  with  a  letter  in  his  hand,  comes  to  hurry  on  the 
work  for  the  exigencies  of  war.  In  another  part  of  the 
plate  stand  the  Farm  Offices ;  a  vast  oak,  withered,  above 
them.  A  cauldron  boiling,  on  which  is  engraved  ''  Soup 
Maiore,"  with  a  stack  of  onions  and  turnips  close  by  it. 
On  a  large  board  is  painted — ^^Regulations  of  this 
"Farm. — ^At  five  o'clock  in  the  morning,  the  hogs  and 
English  slaves  are  to  be  fed ;  at  twelve  o'clock  at  night 
they  are  to  be  suppered,  and  littered  up  with  the  best 
straw  that  the  Scotch  and  Irish  part  of  the  slaves  can 
steal  from  the  neighbouring  fiirms,  and  then  locked  up. 
"  But  there  are  holes  in  the  bottom  of  the  walls  for  the 
''  hogs  to  go  out,  and  get  the  benefit  of  fresh  air.  Punish- 
''ment  of  laziness — for  the  first  offence,  five  hundred 
*'  lashes ;  for  the  second,  the  guillotine.  All  other  crimes, 
except  those  which  affect  Frenchmen,  are  forgiven,  on 
promise  of  amendment." — A  ballad  is  lying  on  the 
ground,  in  the  English  language,  entitled — "  Recantation 
of  British  and  Irish  Republican  Husbandmen  and  Manu- 
facturers."— The  burden  of  the  Song  is — "  Oh  I  England, 
England! — King,  Wife,  Sons  and  Daughters  of  our 
King,  of  whom  the  sons  are  all  brave,  and  the  daughters 
*'  all  beautiful :  Parliament  and  Judges,  who  covered  us 
with  blessings,  which  we  repaid  with  reproaches :  Clergy, 
who  taught  us  to  die  as  well  as  to  live  for  our  country— 
**Landaff,  Landaff!    Nobles  and  Squires,  in  whoso  hos- 


€( 
€< 
<( 
€€ 


€( 


€< 
€€ 


i€ 


€< 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  .115 

"  pitalitj  and  bounty  we  shared  :  St.  Vincents,  and  Dun- 
*'  cans  :  Merchants,  Master  Manufacturers,  who  lived  as 
*'  simply  as  ourselves,  but  both  of  us  well ;  how  could  we 
'*  forget  you  ?  You  would  not  have  deserted  us,  but  we 
'*  deserted  you.  But  with  the  same  weapons  which  have 
''  defended  you,  we  will  punish  ourselves.  We  despise 
*'  life,  we  could  submit  to  misfortune,  but  cannot  bear  the 

consciousness  of  not  having  stood  or  fallen  with  you. 

Oh !  England,  England,  country  of  every  bliss,  for  ever 
"  farewell  V 

182. 
LORD  LONGBOW,  THE  ALARMIST,  DISCOVER. 
ING  THE  MISERIES  OF  IRELAND. 

March  \2th,  1798. 

EABL  MOIRA. 

The  Earl  of  Moira,  a  gallant  soldier,  an  eloquent 
senator,  and  accomplished  statesman,  was  bom  9th  of  De- 
cember, 1754.  During  the  lifetime  of  his  father  he  bore 
the  second  title  of  his  peerage,  that  of  Lord  Rawdon.  He 
very  early  conceived  a  strong  predilection  for  the  military 
service,  and  embraced  it  as  a  profession.  In  the  early  period 
of  the  American  war  he  embarked  with  his  regiment  for  that 
country,  and  arrived  there  panting  for  riiilitary  distinction. 
An  opportunity  soon  presented  itsejf.  He  was  present 
at  the  memorable  battle  of  Bnnker^fl  Hill,  16th  of  June, 
1775,  serving  as  a  Lieutenant  in  tifie  fifth  company  of 
Grenadiers,  and  was  one  of  the  seven  of  the  whole  company 
who  was  not  wounded.  On  that  occasion  he  exhibited 
extraordinary  valour  and  activity.  He  is  particularly 
pointed  out  in  the  official  report  of  General  Burgoyne, 
the  Commander-in-Chief,  "Lokd  Rawdon  has  this  day 
BTAKPED  HIS  FAME  FOB  LiFE.^^  HJs  exemplary  conduct 
and  military  talents  caused  him  to  be  raised  to  the 
rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  and  Adjutant  to  the  British 
Forces  in  1778,  before  ho  had  completed  his  24th  year* 


116  oillrat's  cabicatubxs. 

He  was  then  appointed  to  a  separate  command^  and  in 
varions  engagements  with  Generals  (rates  and  Greene  he 
gained  iresh  laurels^  and  pnrsaed  his  bright  career  till 
illness  obliged  him  to  return  home.  He  was  received  with 
great  distinction^  and  created  an  English  Peer  by  the  title 
of  Lord  Bawdon.  The  American  Peace  consigDed  him  to 
inactivity  nntil  1794,  when  he  embarked  for  Ostend  with 
a  small  force.  The  skill  and  rapidity  with  which  he  effected 
a  seasonable  junction  with  the  Duke  of  York,*  elicited  great 
praise  from  military  men.  The  retreat  of  the  Duke  of 
York  and  return  of  the  British  army  again  consigned  him 
to  unwelcome  inactivity.  He  had  indeed  the  command  of 
a  body  of  troops  quartered  at  Southampton,  but  very  little 
effective  authority.  Several  battalions  of  French  emigrants 
were  placed  under  his  directions.  He  entertained  their 
officers  with  absurd  splendour  and  profuseness,  and  might 
be  said  to  have  almost  kept  a  Court  at  Southampton  for 
them.  He  is  supposed  to  have  expended  at  least  thirty 
thousand  pounds  of  his  private  fortune  in  entertaining 
them.  He  now  devoted  his  comparative  leisure  to  politics. 
The  situation  of  Ireland  attracted  his  particular  attention. 
In  vain  ho  brought  forward  conciliatory  measures  in  the 
British  House  of  Peers. 

On  the  19th  of  February,  1798,  he  brought  the  subject 
before  the  Irish  House  of  Peers.  Never  had  expectation 
been  raised  to  a  greater  height  in  that  country.  Lord 
Moira  commenced  his  address  by  candidly  avowing  that 
he  had  brought  the  same  subject  unsuccessfully  before  the 
notice  of  the  British  House  of  Peers,  but  he  had  failed  to 
obtain  an  inquiry  into  the  grievances  of  Ireland,  although 
he  had  offered  to  substantiate  his  statements  by  proofs  at 
the  bar.  Ho  entertained  more  sanguine  expectations  from 
the  Peers  of  Ireland,  for  the  heart-rending  scenes  he  shoald 
detail  had  passed  more  immediately  under  their  cog^izanoe. 

*  Lord  Moira  was  second  to  the  Duke  of  York  in  his  duel  with  Colonel 
Lennox. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  117 

He  then  entered  on  an  appalling  narrative  of  persons  torn 
from  their  families,  and  imprisoned  without  being  con- 
fronted  with  their  accusers,  or  even  knowing  the  charges 
brought  against  them.  In  some  instances  torture  had  been 
applied,  in  others  picketing  had  been  resorted  to,  and  in 
some  cases  the  unhappy  victims  had  been  half-hanged. 
He  understood  it  had  been  stated  that  the  district  about 
his  own  house  had  been  tainted  not  only  with  disaffection 
but  rebellion,  as  much  as  any  other  part  of  the  kingdom. 
These  infamous  aspersions  he  had  ascertained  originated 
with  a  Government  informer,  whose  character  was  so 
iofamous  that  no  Justice  of  the  Peace  would  receive  his 
attestation  on  oath.  Again  he  urged  on  Government  a 
more  lenient  course.  '*  The  time  for  recovering  the  affec- 
tions of  your  countrymen  has  not  yet  passed ;  conciliation 
may  be  deferred,  but  every  day  increases  the  difficulty  of 
suppressing  the  spirit  of  discontent.  Be  united,  you  may 
then  defy  France  and  the  world,  although  you  had  not  a 
ship  on  the  sea.'' 

The  Chancellor  (Lord  Clare)  was  happy  in  discussing 
the  subject  with  the  Noble  Earl,  as  his  speech  in  the 
British  House  of  Peers  had  done  so  much  mischief,  and 
aggravated  the  disaffection  in  Ireland.  He  said  that  from 
the  time  of  Lord  Townshend  concessions  had  constantly 
been  made,  that  after  each  the  people  had  professed  them- 
selves satisfied  and  grateful ;  yet  after  a  month  or  two 
their  turbulence  returned  with  increased  vigour.  The 
present  discontent  dated  from  the  formation  of  the  Society 
of  United  Irishmen  after  the  rejection  of  the  Bill  for 
Parliamentary  Reform.  The  principle  of  that  Society  was 
separation  from  Great  Britain.  Wolfe  Tone,  an  Adju- 
tant-General in  Heche's  army,  was  at  this  hour  residing 
as  Envoy  at  Paris  from  the  Society  of  United  Irishmen. 
They  had  also  another  agent  residing  at  Lisle  during  the 
negociation  of  Lord  Malmesbury,  whose  business  it  was 
to  defeat  the  British  Ambassador.     The  persons  arrested 


118  gillray's  caricatures. 

had  been  treated  with  greater  lenity  than  they  deserved. 
He  mentioned  the  case  of  Shaw,  who  had  been  stated  by 
his  Lordship  to  have  been  half  hanged :  this  he  denied. 
A  rope  had  only  been  tied  roond  his  neck  to  induce  him 
to  confess ;  and  with  regard  to  the  picket  panishment,  it 
had  been  only  done  on  a  blacksmith,  who  had  made  a 
number  of  pikes,  which  on  examination  he  denied ;  but 
being  brought  to  the  Guard  Room,  he  confessed  for  whom 
he  had  made  them,  and  where  they  were,  by  which  means 
above  a  hundred  had  been  found.  The  temporary  punish- 
ment of  this  man  was  more  than  compensated  by  the 
number  of  lives  saved  by  the  detection  of  these  instru- 
ments of  murder.  With  respect  to  the  burning  of 
houses,  it  could  not,  to  be  sure,  be  strictly  justified,  but 
some  examples  were  necessary  to  be  made ;  and  when  it 
became  necessary  to  call  out  the  military,  it  was  not  always 
possible  to  restrain  their  excesses.  Lord  Moira's  Motion 
for  an  address  to  the  Lord  Lieutenant,  recommending 
that  conciliatory  measures  should  be  devised,  was  rejected 
by  44  to  9.  Lord  Moira  had  doubtless  been  misled  in 
some  instances  by  aggravated  accounts  of  the  excesses 
committed  by  the  Government  authorities,  civil  and 
military ;  but  the  Lord  Chancellor  Clare  himself  admitted 
that  considerable  severity  had  been  exercised  towards 
some  persons,  and  that  a  vigour  beyond  the  law,  which 
*'  could  not  be  strictly  justified,''  had  been  employed. 
In  the  course  of  his  speech.  Lord  Moira  had  stated  that 
he  had  assembled  the  tenants  on  his  own  extensive  do- 
main at  Ballynahinch,  and  received  the  most  satisfactory 
assurances  of  their  devoted  sympathy.  Unfortunately 
his  confidence  proved  to  have  been  misplaced ;  for  an  open 
insurrection  broke  out  in  his  own  town  of  Ballynahinch 
shortly  after,  and  a  large  number  of  pikes  were  found 
8ecrct<?d  by  the  peasantry  in  his  own  woods,  which  gave 
rise  to  the  following  spirited  song  : — 


POLITICAL   S£R1£S.  119 

BALLYNAHINCH, 

A  MEW  SONQ. 
I. 

A  certain  great  Statesman,  whom  all  of  us  know. 

In  a  certain  Assembly,  no  long  while  ago, 
Declared  from  this  maxim  he  never  would  flinch, 

**  That  no  towa  was  so  Loyal  as  Balltkahinoh." 

II. 
The  great  Statesman,  it  peems,  had  perused  all  their  &ces, 

And  been  mightUy  struck  with  their  loyal  grimaces  ; 
While  each  townsman  had  sung,  like  a  Throstle  or  Finch, 

**  Wo  are  all  of  us  Loyal  at  Balltnauinch." 

in. 

The  great  Statesman  returned  to  his  speeches  and  readings. 
And  the  Ballynahinchers  resum'd  their  proceedings  ; 

They  had  most  of  them  sworn,  "  Well  be  true  to  the  Frinch,"* 
So  Loyal  a  towa  was  this  Balltnauinoh. 

rv. 

Determin'd  their  Landlord's  flue  words  to  make  good, 
They  hid  pikes  in  his  haggard,  cut  staves  in  h\»  wood  ; 

And  attack'd  the  King's  troops — ^the  assertion  to  clinch, 
That  no  town  is  so  Loyal  as  Balltnahinch. 

V. 

O I  had  we  but  trusted  the  rebeW  professions, 

Met  their  cannon  with  smiles,  and  their  pikes  with  conce^ons, 
Tho'  they  still  took  an  ell,  when  we  gave  them  an  inch, 

They  would  all  have  been  Loyal — ^like  Balltnauimgil 


183. 

ST.  GEORGE'S  VOLUNTEERS  CHARGING  DOWN 
BOND  STREET,  AFTER  CLEARING  THE  RING 
IN  HYDE  PARK,  AND  STORMING  THE  DUNG- 
HILL  AT  MARYBONE.  March  1st,  1797. 

CAPTAIN   FOSTER. 

A  satire  on  the  roluntcoring  mania  of  this  period,  when 

*  Iliberaice  for  f  rench. 


120  qill&at's  caricatures. 

the  country  was  threatened  with  so  many  dangers.  The 
volunteer  regiments  of  the  West  End  performed  their 
manoBUvres  in  Hyde  Park,  and  the  scene  of  their  peaceful 
campaigns  extended  to  Marylebono  and  the  surrounding 
districts.  The  St.  Greorge's  Volunteers  formed  the  first 
metropolitan  corps^  commanded  by  the  then  well-known 
Captain  Foster. 

184. 
SEAECH     NIGHT;      OR,     STATE    WATCHMEN 
MISTAKING     HONEST     MEN     FOR    CONSPI- 
RATORS. March  20th,  1798. 

MOIRA.         FOX.         SHERIDAN.         DUKE   OF  BEDFORD.         HOBNE 
TOOKB.      NICHOLS.      TIEBNBY.      NORFOLK.      PITT.     DUNDAS. 

Some  arrests  had  been  made  in  England  in  the  begin- 
ning of  March,  1798,  of  persons  implicated  in  the  troubles 
which  were  disturbing  Ireland,  and  were  the  object  of 
severe  animadversions  by  some  of  the  opposition  papers. 
The  subject  is  here  made  the  ground  for  a  satire  on  the 
Whigs.  Pitt  and  Dandas,  the  two  State  Watchmen,  are 
breaking  in  upon  the  conspirators.  The  two  leaders.  Fox 
and  Sheridan,  make  their  escape  by  the  cock-loft,  while 
the  Dukes  of  Bedford  and  Norfolk  take  to  the  chimney. 
Three  of  the  party  have  sought  a  refuge  under  the  table. 
Lord  Moira  alone  stands  his  groand. 

185. 
HABITS  OF  NEW  FRENCH  LEGISLATORS  AND 
OTHER    PUBLIC    FUNCTIONARIES,    No.    1.— 
Lb  Ministre  d'Etat  en  Grand  Costume. 

ApHl  18th,  1798. 

CHARLES   FOX. 

The  National  Convention  of  France  flattered  the  vaniiy 
of  the  revolutionary  statesmen  under  the  Directory,  and 
gratified  the  love  of  the  populace  for  external  show,  by 
appointing  a  special  costume  for  the  dififerent  Officers  of 


POUTICAL  SERIK8.  121 

State.  It  was  pretended  by  the  Court  Party  in  England 
that  the  Whigs  aimed  at  imitating  the  French  revolu- 
tionists in  this  country^  and  Gillray  has^  in  this  series  of 
*'  habits^''  clad  each  of  the  more  prominent  of  "  the  party'' 
in  the  peculiar  costume  which  was  presumed  to  be  the 
object  of  his  ambition,  if  the  present  order  of  things  were 
once  overthrown.  Fox,  the  great  man  of  the  Opposition, 
was  supposed  to  aim  at  nothing  less  than  the  place  of  First 
Minister, 

186. 
FRENCH  HABITS,  No.  2.— Les  Mbmbres  du  Consbil 
DBS  Ancibns.  April  18thy  1798. 

nUKB  OF  NORFOLK.      THB  MABQIHS  OF  lANSDOWNB.      GRAFTON. 

Two  Dukes  (Norfolk  and  Grafton),  and  a  Marquis 
(Lansdowne),  were  to  form  at  least  part  of  the  Council  of 
Ancients,  that  important  branch  of  the  French  Republican 
L^islature,  and  of  the  future  Republican  Legislature  of 
England. 

187. 
FRENCH  HABITS,  No.  3.— Lbs  Mbmbrbs  du  Consbil 
DBS  Cinq  Cbnts.  April  ISth,  1798. 

MB.  BYNO.  M.  A.  TAYLOR  LORD  LAUDBSDALB. 

BARL  OF  DBRBY.  LORD  STANHOPB. 

A  group  of  the  future  English  Council  of  the  five  hun- 
dred, no  less  characteristic  of  the  persons  and  tempers  of 
thos9  who  were  to  compose  it. 

188. 
FRENCH    HABITS,   No.  4.— Mbmbbb  du  Dirbctoibb 
ExECDTiF.  April  18th,  1798. 

DUKB  OF  BBDFORD. 

The  rich  and  zealous  Duke  of  Bedford  is  represented  in 
the  gay  costume  of  a  Member  of  the  Executive  Directory, 
which  at  this  time  was  dictating  the  fortunes  of  Europe. 


122  GILLBAY^S   CARICATDB£S. 

189. 

FRENCH  HABITS,  No.  5.— Pbesidknt  D'Administra- 
TiON  MuNiciPALB.  April  18thj  1798. 

HOBNE  TOOKE. 

The  notorious  agitator  Tooke,  who  had  never  ceased  to 
be  identified  with  political  turmoil  since  the  beginning  of 
this  long  reign,  was  to  receive  a  less  elevated  place,  at  the 
head  of  a  municipal  government. 

190. 
FRENCH  HABITS,  No.  6.— Le  Boueeau. 

April  18th,  1798. 

TIERNEY. 

Tiemey  was  harshly  dealt  with,  when  he  could  obtain 
no  more  honourable  appointment  than  that  of  the  State 
Executioner ;  he  was  to  be  appointed  to  a  presidence^  but 
to  preside  only  over  the  fearful  guillotine. 

191. 

FRENCH   HABITS,    No.  7.— L'Avocat  de  la  Repub- 
LiQUE.  May  2l8t,  1798. 

EBSKINE. 

The  great  Whig  lawyer,  Erskine,  was  supposed  to  aim 
at  placing  himself  at  the  head  of  his  profession,  in  the 
new  order  of  things. 

192. 

FRENCH  HABITS,  No.  8.— Membbe  de  la  haute  Coub 
DE  Justice.  May  15th,  1798. 

SIB  JOHN  SHUCKBOBOUOH. 

There  is  the  sedatencss  of  age,  if  not  dignity,  in  this 
high  expounder  of  the  justice  of  the  Republic. 


POLITICAL  SERIES.  123 

193. 
FRENCH    HABITS,    No.    9.  —  Jugb    du    Tribunal 
CoRSBCTiONEL.  May  2\8t,  1798. 

COURTNEY. 

Courtney,  wlio  here  occupies  a  position  which  at  this 
time  oflfered  frequent  opportunities  for  sallies  of  humour, 
was  distinguished  as  one  of  the  wittiest  of  the  Opposition 
orators  in  the  House  of  Commons. 

194. 
FRENCH  HABITS,  No.  10.— Juoe  de  Paix. 

May  15th,  1798. 

NICHOLS. 

Nichols  was  a  very  zealous  and  a  very  active  partizan 
of  the  Opposition  in  the  House  of  Commons,  although 
not  one  of  those  whose  talents  or  influence  have  obtained 
a  prominent  place  in  the  memory  of  posterity.  The 
satirist  appears  to  have  thought  him  best  fitted  for  the 
office  of  a  Republican  justice  of  peace. 

195. 
FRENCH   HABITS,  No.  11.— Le  Tresorier. 

May2l8ty  1798. 

SIR  WILLIAM   PULTENEY. 

Sir  William  Pulteney  seated  :  a  book  lies  open  before 
him  entitled  "  Etat  des  Finances  de  la  Republique."  The 
key  of  office  is  attached  to  his  coat. 

In  the  year  1797,  before  Easter,  a  very  considerable 
number  of  Members  of  the  House  of  Commons,  dissatisfied 
with  the  conduct  of  the  war,  the  embarrassed  state  of  the 
finances,  and  the  alarming  situation  of  the  country,  formed 
themselves  into  "A  Third  Party,*'  and  requested  an 
interview  with  Lord  Moira,  with  a  view  to  efiect  a  change 
of  Ministry.    As  there  is  no  account  of  this  negotiation  in 


124  aiLLBilT's   CARICATURES. 

GiflTord's  Life  of  Pitt,  in  various  other  historical  memoirs 
of  the  times,  nor  in  Cooke's  History  of  Party,  we  shall 
famish  the  reader  with  some  extracts  from  a  letter  of 
Lord  Moira  addressed  to  Col.  M'Mahon,  dated  Donington, 
June  15, 1797,  but  not  printed  till  January  2, 1798.  They 
will  show  why  Grillray  has  invested  Sir  William  Pulteney 
with  the  habit  of  "  Lb  Tresoeiee"  in  this  Print. 

*'  They  requested  that  I  would  endeavour  on  the  assur- 
ance of  their  support  to  form  an  administration,  on  the 
principle  of  excluding  peraons  who  had  on  either  side 
made  themselves  obnoxious  to  the  public.'' 

'^  I  strenuously  recommended  them  to  form  an  alliance 
with  Mr.  Fox's  party,  that  might  be  satisfactory  to  them- 
selves, and  reduce  to  strict  engagement  the  extent  of  the 
measures,  which  Mr.  Fox  when  brought  into  office  by 
themselves  would  propose.". 

'^  Hitherto  nobody  has  been  designated  to  any  particular 
office,  but  Sir  WiUiam  Pulteney.  The  gentlemen  had 
said  that  he  was  the  person  whom  they  should  be  most 
gratified  in  seeing  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  and 
I  had  professed  to  them  and  to  him  that  there  was  not 
any  person  with  whom  I  could  act  more  confidently." 

"I  added,  the  introduction  of  Lord  Thurlow,  Sir 
William  Pulteney,  and  myself  into  the  Cabinet  would  not 
assure  the  public  of  a  change  of  system." 

The  Third  Party,  however,  disapproved  the  admission 
of  either  Fox  or  Pitt  into  the  Cabinet.  Sheridan,  and  the 
other  friends  of  Fox,  at  once  rejected  Lord  Moira's  over- 
tures, and  would  only  act  in  conjunction  with  him.  After 
the  negotiation  was  broken  off.  Colonel  M'Mahon  sent  Fox 
a  copy  of  Lord  Moira's  letter,  addressed  to  himself.  Fox, 
in  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the  letter,  says :  "  His 
conduct  appears  to  have  been,  what  I  never  doubted  it 
would  be — honourable  and  judicious.  I  had  as  little  doubt 
of  his  good  wishes  to,  and  favourable  opinion  of,  me." 
Canning,  in  "  An  Ode  to  Lord  Moira,"  in  the  Anti' 


POLITICAL    SERIES.  125 

Jacobin  of  January  ^2^  1798,  glances  at  the  proposed 
appointment  of  Sir  WUliam  Pulteney  to  the  Chancellorship 
of  the  Exchequer. 

"  Old  Pnllenej,  too,  joar  influence  feels. 
And  asks  fhym  yon  th'  Exchcqnor  Seals, 
To  tax  and  saYe  the  nation." 

See  AniA-JaoMn^  toI.  i.  p.  882. 

196. 
PBENCH   HABITS,  No.  12.— Messaokb  D'Btat. 

May  21«f,  1798. 

SIB   FRANCIS   BIJBDETT. 

Bordett,  who  was  at  this  time  coming  into  notoriety  as 
a  patriot,  is  placed  last  in  the  list.  Though  his  office  of 
a  Messenger  of  State  is  not  a  high  one,  his  costume,  at 
least,  is  equal  to  that  of  most  of  his  superiors. 

197. 
LONDON  CORRESPONDING  SOCIETY  ALARMED. 

April  9Mh,  1798. 
Another  caricature  on  the  political  events  in  the  spring 
of  1798,  and  on  the  prosecutions  against  the  members  of 
the  political  clubs,  which  was  striking  no  httle  alarm  into 
the  latter,  at  the  head  of  which  was  the  celebrated  London 
Corresponding  Society.  The  intention  of  this  caricature 
is  to  expose  to  ridicule  the  low  materials  of  which  the 
secret  societies  were  often  composed. 

198. 
MEETING  OF  UNFORTUNATE  CITOTENS. 

May  12th,  1798. 

DUNDAS.  PITT.  POX.  DUKB  OP  NORFOLK. 

Fox  and  the  Duke  of  Norfolk  are  represented  in  this 
print  as  condoling  with  each  other.  Fox,  as  ''  scratched 
off— dished — ^kicked  out.''  A  list  of  the  Privy  Council 
is  exhibited,  with  the  name  of  "  C.  J.  Fox''  run  through. 


I2ff  gillray's  caricatures. 

The  Duke  of  Norfolk,  who  had  been  deprived  of  his  Lord 
Lieutenancy,  and  Colonelcy  of  the  Yorkshire  Militia, 
exclaims — "  How !  What !  Kicked  out  I  Ah,  marhleu  ! 
chacun  a  son  jour.  Ah,  maa-bleu  !''  Dundas  and  Pitt  are 
standing  sentinels  at  St.  James's  Palace. 

A  dinner  of  the  Whig  Club  took  place  at  the  Free- 
masons' Tavern,  on  the  Ist  of  May,  1798.  Mr.  Pox  was 
in  the  chair.     He  gave,  as  the  first  toast — 

''  The  Sovereignty  op  the  People  of  Great  Britain.*' 

The  Duke  of  Norfolk  proposed  The  health  of  the  Man 
who  dares  be  honest  in  the  worst  of  times— 


i9 


''Charles  James  Fox. 

Mr.  Fox  responded  in  a  most  impressive  speech;  he 
said,  ''  On  any  other  occasion  he  should  have  contented 
himself  with  returning  thanks,  but  in  the  very  peculiar 
embarrassments  in  which  the  country  was  now  plunged, 
he  thought  it  necessary  to  say  a  few  words  in  the  only 
place  in  which  he  thought  it  might  be  useful  for  him  to 
deliver  his  sentiments.  The  circumstances  and  events  of 
public  afiairs  of  late  had  induced  him  and  many  of  his 
friends  to  abstain  from  their  usual  assiduous  attendance 
in  Parliament.  Their  exertions  for  the  preservation  of  the 
Constitution  had  been  of  no  avail ;  two  years  ago  they  had 
seen  the  repeal  of  the  Bill  of  Rights  carried  by  a  triumphant 
majority ;  they  had  seen  the  functions  of  the  Constitutional 
Law  suspended,  on  alarm  created  by  the  Ministers  them- 
selves ;  and  however  well  founded  the  alarm  might  now 
be,  he  scorned  the  idea  that  it  was  necessary  for  him  to 
attend  in  his  place  in  the  House  of  Commons,  for  the  pur- 
pose only  of  vindicating  himself  from  the  vulgar  calumny 
that  he  was  not  an  enemy  to  a  foreign  invasion.  It  would 
be  an  insult  on  his  whole  life  if  such  a  declaration  could 
be  expected  from  him.    He  believed  there  was  not  a  voice 


POLITICAL  SERIES.  127 

in  the  assembly  he  addressed^  which  was  not  in  unison 
with  his  own — ^namely^  that  every  man  who  heard  him 
was  both  ready  and  willing  to  stand  forth  in  the  defence 
of  his  country^  with  the  spirit  that  belongs  to  Englishmen. 
He  found  no  fault  with  those  who  thought  it  necessary  to 
make  these  professions  elsewhere.  Thus  much  only  he 
would  say  in  this  place  for  himself.  The  present  Govern^ 
ment  of  the  country,  he  had  no  hesitation  in  saying,  was  a 
Oovernment  of  Tyranny.  They  had  adopted  the  principles 
of  Robespierre,  and  their  object  was  to  establish  tyranny  in 
England.  Look  at  the  situation  of  the  Sister  Kingdom  ; 
our  own  will  soon  be  the  same.  He  had  no  remedy  to 
recommend,  but  that  the  friends  of  freedom  should  be 
united  and  firm,  and  wait  for  better  times.  Tyranny  was 
now  the  order  of  the  day  in  every  country  in  Europe. 
Notwithstanding  the  arbitrary  proceedings  of  our  own 
ministers,  he  was  persuaded  the  unanimous  feeling  of  the 
countiy,  the  universal  determination  of  every  man  in  it 
was  to  be  ready  to  take  the  field  against  a  foreign  foe ; 
and  indeed,  they  had  a  powerful  motive  to  do  so,  for  if 
they  were  united,  they  had  a  better  chance  to  get  rid  of 
the  tyranny  of  their  own  Ministers  than  they  could 
possibly  have  by  the  success  of  a  foreign  invasion.  Even 
in  his  present  retirement  he  should  be  ready  to  come 
forward,  in  every  constitutional  effort,  to  regain  our  lost 
Uberties :  and  he  should  be  in  the  foremost  of  the  ranks 
to  repel  the  invasion  of  a  daring  enemy.'* 

We  have  been  thus  particular  in  recording  Fox's  speech 
on  this  occasion,  as  it  led  to  a  most  important  consequence, 
—the  erasing  from  the  Privy  Council  Book  the  name  of 
one  of  the  most  illustrious  statesmen,  which  had  ever 
adorned  it.  Fox's  name  was  struck  out  by  the  King  on 
the  9th  of  May.  Fox  must  have  anticipated  this  result, 
indeed  he  seems  to  have  courted  or  rather  provoked  it. 
In  the  preceding  February,  after  giving  the  toast  of  *'  The 
Sovereignty    op  the    People,"  in  commenting  on   the 

9 


128  qillrat's  cabtcatures. 

dismissal  of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk  from  his  Lord-Lieute- 
nancy and  Colonelcy  of  Militia,  he  remarked,  ''  I  have 
nothing  the  Ministers  can  take  from  mo.  I  am  still 
indeed  a  Privy  Counsellor,  at  least  I  know  nothing  to  the 
contrary,  and  if  this  sentiment  entitles  the  Noble  Duke 
to  this  animadversion,  I  shall  certainly  feel  that  I  am 
equally  entitled  to  this  mark  of  his  Majesty's  displeasure/' 

George  III.  was  perhaps  not  sorry  to  embrace  the 
opportunity,  thus  afforded,  of  inflicting  an  indignity  upon 
Fox  by  depriving  him  of  his  rank  of  Privy  CounseUor.* 
For  he  entertained  as  strong  a  personal  dislike  of  Fox,  as 
George  II.  had  done  to  the  elder  Pitt.  As  far  back  as 
the  early  part  of  1784,  when  a  large  assemblage  of  Mem- 
bers of  the  House  of  Commons,  of  acknowledged  weight 
and  independence,  from  both  sides  of  the  House,  met  at 
the  St.  Alban's  Tavern,  and  endeavoured  to  effect  a  union 
between  Pitt  and  Fox,  with  a  view  to  the  formation  of  a 
strong  Administration,  George  III.  wrote  a  private  letter 
to  Pitt,  commencing  thus:  "Queen's  House,  February  15, 
1784.  Mr.  Pitt  is  well  apprized  of  the  mortification  I 
feel  at  any  possibility  of  ever  again  seeing  the  heads  of 
the  Opposition  in  public  employments,  particularly  Mr. 
Fox,  whose  conduct  has  not  been  more  marked  against 
my  station  in  the  empire  than  against  my  person,"  &c.  Ac. 
Both  Sovereigns,  however,  wore  compelled  by  the  public 
voice  and  the  exigencies  of  the  State,  eventually  to  call 
to  their  councils  the  object  of  their  respective  aversion. 

On  the  death  of  Mr.  Pitt  in  January,  1806,  Fox  was 

*  On  the  6th  of  Jane,  after  the  dinner  at  the  Whig  Club,  the  Dnke  of 
Bedford  proposed  *'  The  Health  of  Charles  Fox/'  and  animadTerted  in 
severe  terms  on  Ministers  having  caused  the  King  to  strike  his  name  oat  of 
the  list  of  the  Priyj  Conncil.  Mr.  Fox  said,  *Ut  would  be  most  oniit  for 
him  to  say  a  word  respecting  the  Noble  Duke's  allusion  to  a  circomstance 
personal  to  himself.  Would  to  God  the  time  of  the  Ministers  had  been 
always  employed  in  tuch  frivolous  fooleries  as  settling  who  shoold  be 
Honourable  and  who  Right  Honourable,  and  deliberating  on  the  titles  most 
befitting  their  friends  and  supporters." 


POLITICAL  SERIES.  129 

appointed  Secretary  of  State  for  Foreign  Aflfairs,  and 
virtually  Prime  Minister.*  The  ability  and  address  with 
which  he  conducted  public  afEairs, — his  attractive  maimers, 
and  the  uniform  attention  and  deference  he  paid  to  the 
King,  overcame  the  preconceived  prejudices  of  the  Eang, 
and  conciliated  his  esteem.  Unfortunately  his  ministerial 
career  was  very  short:  he  died  September  13,  1806. 
''  Little  did  I  think,''  said  his  Majesty  to  Lord  Sidmouth 
at  the  first  interview  with  which  he  honoured  him  after 
the  fatal  event,  '^  little  did  I  think  that  I  slwuld  ever  live 
to  regret  Mr.  Fax^s  death.'' 

"  Mr.  Fox's  powers  of  attraction  must  have  been  extra- 
ordinary, indeed,  to  overcome  as  they  did,  not  only  the 
feebler  resistance  of  Lord  Sidmouth's  political  preposses- 
sions, but  also  the  more  deeply  rooted  predispositions, 
which  were  believed  to  prevail  in  the  Royal  mind,  yet 
that  such  was  the  case  is  unquestionable." — Pcllew's  Life 
of  Lord  Sidmouth,  vol.  2.  p.  435. 

A  pension  of  £936,  was  granted  to  Mr.  Fox's  widow. — 
See  "Eeport  from  the  Select  Committee  on  existing  Pen- 
sions," July  24,  1838,  p.  42.— "Fox,  Elizabeth  Bridget, 
aged  88,  £936.  widow  of  the  Right  Hon.  C.  J.  Fox." 

''  He  had  not,"  says  Lodge,  "  like  Mr.  Pitt,  the  honour 
of  a  funeral  and  monument  voted  by  the  Parliament  of  his 

*  Gillraj's  other ''  UnfortDnate  Citoyen"  was  appointed  Lord  laeatenant 
of  the  county  of  Sussex.  A  circumstance  occurred  daring  the  Begency, 
which  reflected  the  highest  honour  on  the  Dnke  of  Norfolk.  A  vacancy 
having  occurred  in  the  Order  of  the  Garter,  the  Regent  communicated  to 
the  Duke  of  Norfolk  his  intention  of  conferring  the  vacant  Blue  Ribbon  on 
the  Duke,  as  a  mark  of  his  private  friendship  for  the  Duke,  and  wholly 
independent  of  all  political  considerations.  The  Blue  Ribbon  had  always 
been  the  favourite  object  of  the  Duke's  ambition  ;  but  in  an  interview  with 
the  Regent,  he  expressed  his  deep  sense  of  the  high  honour  proposed  to  be 
conferred  on  him,  and  wliich  was  greatly  enhanced  by  the  terms  in  which 
the  communication  had  been  conveyed,  but  respectfully  and  firmly  declined 
the  honour,  stating  that  it  was  contrary  to  his  political  principles  to  accept 
a  favour  from  the  Crown,  while  he  felt  it  to  be  his  imperative  duty  to  oppose 
the  principles  and  measures  of  the  Ministers  who  enjoyed  its  confidence. 

9   * 


130  oillrat's  caricatures. 

country;  but  the  spontaneous  affection  of  his  countrymen, 
and  the  number  of  his  private  friends  and  political  adhe- 
rents, in  some  measure  supplied  the  place.  The  atten- 
dance of  rank,  talent,  distiuction,  and  numbers,  at  the 
last  mournful  ceremony  which  consigned  him  to  the 
grave,  was  almost  unexampled;  and  a  splendid  monu- 
ment in  the  Abbey,  together  with  a  bronze  statue  in 
Bloomsbury  Square,  were  raised  to  his  memory  by  muni- 
ficent subscriptions/' 

Another  generous  political  opponent  paid  a  tribute  to 
his  memory. 

«  For  talents  monrn,  untimely  lost, 
When  best  employ'd  and  wanted  most ; 
Monrn  genius  high,  and  lore  profound, 
And  wit  that  loved  to  play,  not  wound  ; 
And  all  the  reasoning  powers  diyine, 
To  penetrate,  resolve,  combine  ; 
And  feelings  keen,  and  fancy's  glow, 
They  sleep  with  him,  who  sleeps  below.'* 

Sir  Walter  Scott  also  beautifully  alludes  to  the  proximity 
of  Fox's  tomb  to  that  of  his  great  rival,  and  the  remark- 
able circumstance  of  the  two  graves  being  placed  in 
immediate  opposition  to  each  other,  as  their  illustrious 
occupants  had  been  during  their  political  career.  He 
bids  us  mourn  for 

**  Genius,  and  taste,  and  talent  gone. 
For  ever  tomb'd  beneath  the  stone, 
Where — taming  thought  to  human  pride ! — 
The  mighty  chiefs  sleep  side  by  side, 
Drop  upon  Fox*s  grave  the  tear, 
'Twill  trickle  to  his  rival's  bier; 
O'er  Pitt  the  mournful  requiem  sound, 
And  Fox's  shall  the  notes  rebound. 
The  solemn  echo  seems  to  cry, — 
*  Here  let  their  discord  with  them  die ;' 
Speak  not  for  them  a  separate  doom. 
Whom  Fate  made  brothers  in  the  tomb ; 
But  search  the  land  of  living  men. 
Where  wilt  thou  find  their  like  agen?" 

Introduction  to  Ccmto  the  First  of  Marmiok. 


POLITICAL   S£BIES. 


131 


199. 
SHRINE  AT  ST.  ANNE'S  HILL.       May  26th,  1798. 

NICHOLLS.     TIERNET.     LORD  LAUDERDALE.     DUKE  OF  BEDFORD. 
DUKE   OF  NORFOLK.         MARQUIS  OF  LANSDOWNE.         FOX. 

Fox  is  kneeling  before  the  basts  of  Robespierre/Egalit^, 
and  Buonaparte.  A  Tablet  is  placed  on  the  democratic 
altar^  on  which  is  inscribed  ^^  Droit  de  L'Homme/'  a  Poli- 
tical Parody  on  the  Decalogue,  the  Sixth,  Seventh,  and 
Eighth  Articles  may  be  taken  as  a  specimen — ^VI.  "  Right 
to  KiU/'  Vn.  "Right  to  commit  Adultery ;  YHL  "Right 
to  Plunder."  Nicholls,  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  and  others, 
as  stated  in  the  above  title,  are  represented  as  harpies, 
Ac.  hovering  around. 

As  St.  Anne's  Hill  is  consecrated  to  immortality  from 
having  been  the  favourite  residence  of  Fox,  we  will  give 
— first,  some  account  of  the  place ;  and,  secondly,  of  the 
domestic  habits  and  pursuits  of  its  illustrious  occupant  at 
this  time. 

"  On  the  hill  is  a  house,  the  residence  of  the  late  Right 
Hon.  0.  J.  Fox,  who  spent  much  of  the  latter  part  of  his 
life  here,  and  improved  it  by  plantations,  &c.  It  is  copy- 
hold, held  of  the  manor  of  Chertsey.  In  1769,  Lady 
Trevor  surrendered  it  to  the  use  of  Lord  Charles  Spencer, 
or  of  such  person  as  he  should  appoint.  In  1778,  her 
Ladyship  joined  with  Lord  Charles  in  surrendering  it  to 
the  use  of  the  Duke  of  Marlborough,  who  soon  after  sold 
it  to  Mrs.  Armistead,  now  the  widow  of  Mr.  Fox,  and 
who  resides  here,  1811.'' — ^Manning  and  Bray's  History 
of  Surrey,  vol.  iii.  p.  227. 

''St.  Anne's  HiU,"  says  Trotter,  "is  delightfully 
situated;  it  commands  a  rich  and  extensive  prospect. 
The  house  is  embowered  in  trees,  on  the  side  of  a  hill,  its 
grounds  decline  gracefully  to  a  road,  which  bounds  them 
at  the  bottom.     Some  fine  trees  are  grouped  round  the 


132  oillbat's  caricatures. 

house,  and  three  remarkably  beautiful  ones  stand  in  the 
lawn,  while  a  profusion  of  shrubs  are  throughout  distri- 
buted with  taste  and  judgment.  Hero  Mr.  Fox  was  the 
tranquil  and  happy  possessor  of  about  thirty  acres  of 
land,  and  the  inmate  of  a  small  but  pleasant  mansion. 
The  simpUcity  and  benignity  of  his  manners,  speaking  the 
integrity  and  grandeur  of  his  character,  soon  dissipated 
those  feelings  of  awe,  which  one  naturally  experiences  on 
approaching  what  is  very  exalted." — Trotter's  Memoirs 
of  the  latter  Years  of  Fox,  p.  9  and  10. 

^'  Far  from  me  and  my  friends  be  such  frigid  philosophy, 
as  may  conduct  us  indifferent  and  unmoved  over  any 
ground  which  has  been  dignified  by  wisdom,  bravery,  or 
virtue.  That  man  is  little  to  be  envied  whose  patriotism 
would  not  gain  force  upon  the  plain  of  Marathon.''  Such 
is  the  eloquent  exclamation  of  Dr.  Johnson.  We  should 
likewise  esteem  it  impossible  that  any  man  of  enlightened 
mind  could  visit  the  mansion,  tread  the  ground,  or  breathe 
the  air  of  St.  Anne's  Hill,  without  feeling  his  love  of 
liberty,  and  the  British  constitution  invigorated  and  ex- 
panded.  We  recall  to  our  recollection  the  splendid  exer- 
tions of  our  British  Demosthenes  in  the  cause  of  Freedom, 
in  the  advocacy  of  Peace,  in  his  triumphant  establishment 
of  the  Bight  of  Juries  to  decide  on  the  Law,  as  well  as  the 
Fact  in  the  case  of  Libels,  and  his  virtual  Abolition  of  the 
Slave  Trade  in  his  last  short  ministerial  career. 

In  the  year  1793,  it  became  known  to  some  of  Mr. 
Fox's  intimate  personal  and  political  friends,  that  he  was 
greatly  embarrassed  in  his  pecuniary  circumstances.  They 
did  not  suffer  their  regret  to  evaporate  in  unavailing  ex- 
pressions. A  meeting  was  arranged  to  take  place  on  the 
1st  of  June,  at  the  Crown  and  Anchor  Tavern,  "  for  the 
purpose  of  offering  to  Mr.  Fox  an  effective  Testimony  of 
Gratitude  for  his  long  and  unwearied  Political  Exer- 
tions in  their  cause,  and  that  of  the  Public.''  Mr.  Francis 
assured  the  meeting  that  every  precaution  had  been  taken 


POLITICAL   8EBIES.  133 

to  keep  the  intention  from  the  knowledge  of  Mr.  Fox. — 
At  a  second  Meeting,  on  the  11th  of  Jiine^  the  Committee 
announced  that  the  plan  had  been  seconded  with  such 
success  as  to  enable  them  to  present  Mr.  Fox  with  an 
annuity,  neither  unworthy  of  him  nor  themselves.  Mr. 
Fox  thus  became  possessed  of  one  of  the  first  of  earthly 
blessings — Independence;  and  he  never,  by  any  subse- 
quent imprudence,  abused  the  well-placed  generosity  of 
his  friends. 

We  will  now  give  a  slight  sketch  of  Mr.  Fox's  domestic 
habits,  occupations,  and  literary  pursuits,  after  his  seces- 
sion from  Parliament  in  1797,  when  he  enjoyed  the  quiet 
and  tranquillity  of  a  comparatively  private  life;  from  which 
he  would  not  have  emerged  had  not  his  detestation  of  the 
War,  induced  him  to  return  to  the  House  of  Commons  in 
1802,  to  defend  the  Peace  of  Amiens,  and  he  was  per- 
suaded to  continue  his  parliamentary  attendance  by  the 
urgent  request  of  friends,  with  whose  wishes  he  felt  him- 
self bound  to  comply.  Mr.  Fox  was  an  early  riser.  In 
the  summer  he  rose  between  six  and  seven,  and  break- 
fasted at  eight ;  in  the  winter  he  rose  at  eight,  and  break- 
fasted at  nine.  At  breakfast  he  read  aloud  some  of  the 
newspapers  to  Mrs.  Fox  and  any  visitors,  who  might  be 
residing  with  them.  ^^  At  such  times,^'  says  his  Private 
Secretary,  '^  when  the  political  topics  of  the  day  were  natu- 
rally introduced  by  the  papers,  I  never  could  observe  the 
least  acrimony  or  anger  against  the  party,  which  so  sedu- 
lously, and  indeed  so  successfully,  had  laboured  to  exclude 
him  from  the  management  of  affairs  by  misrepresentations 
of  his  motives,  rather  than  by  refutation  of  his  arguments.'' 
Gibbon,  in  a  letter  to  Lord  Sheffield,  bears  a  similar  testi- 
mony to  the  delightful  amenity  of  his  disposition.  In 
describing  the  pleasure  he  derived  from  Fox  passing  a  day 
with  him  at  Lausanne  just  after  ho  had  lost  all  hope  of 
restoration  to  power  by  the  triumphant  majority  which 
Pitt  had  obtained  by  the  general  election ;  he  adds,  "  We 


134  OILLRAT^S  CARICATURES. 

had  little  politics,  though  he  gave  me,  in  a  few  words,  such 
a  character  of  Pitt,  as  one  great  man  should  give  of  another, 
his  rival/*  And  in  his  autobiography,  says,  "I  admired  in 
Mr.  Fox  the  powers  of  a  superior  man,  as  they  are  blended 
in  his  attractive  character,  with  all  the  softness  and  sim- 
plicity of  a  chad :  no  human  being  was  ever  freer  from 
all  taint  of  malignity,  vanity,  or  falsehood.'* 

After  breakfast  Mr.  Fox  regularly  read  some  Italian 
author,  with  Mrs.  Fox.  He  then  retired  to  his  library, 
and  pursued  his  studies  until  dinner  time.  These  he  pro- 
secuted with  almost  youthful  ardour.  The  Greek  Dramatic 
Poets  occupied  much  of  his  attention  at  this  time,  and  he 
corresponded  with  Gilbert  Wakefield  on  subjects  of  clas- 
sical literature.  An  ardent  politician  who  had  seen  a  letter 
on  his  table  directed  to  Charles  Grey,  would  have  supposed 
he  had  discovered  that  some  political  project  was  in  agita- 
tion, and  would  have  been  surprised  to  learn  that  the  long 
epistle  was  a  defence  of  the  epithet  "  Merry,'*  to  the  note 
of  the  Nightingale,*  with  a  reference  to  Chaucer,  "  who 
of  all  poets  seems  to  have  been  the  fondest  of  the  singing 
of  birds  ;**  references  are  made  to  Theocritus;  "Sophocles 
is  against  us ;  but  see  what  Homer  says,  you  will  find  the 
passage  somewhere  in  one  of  the  twelve  last  books  of  the 
Odyssey,  and  if  you  do  not  readily  find  the  passage,  you 
will  be  amply  repaid  by  the  pleasure  of  the  perusal."  The 
reader  may  judge  from  this  what  were  the  nature  of  Fox's 
studies  at  this  time. 

In  summer  Mr.  Fox  dined  at  half -past  two  or  three,  and 
in  winter  at  four,  that  time  might  be  afforded  for  walking, 
and  other  rural  amusements.  After  tea,  the  evening  was 
usually  spent  in  conversation,  or  Mr.  Fox  would  read  aloud 
some  historical  work,  or  some  other  literary  production ; 

*  Drj'dcn  pocnw  to  have  been  startled  at  Chaucer's  application  of  "  Merry** 
to  the  note  of  the  Nighting:nle,  and  in  \m  ni<Klerni/ation  of  the  Flower  and 
the  Leaf  has  changed  the  bird  into  a  Goldtinch.  Sir  Waller  Scott  docb  not 
notice  this  change. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  135 

the  lighter  departments  of  the  Belles  Lettres,  however, 
were  not  neglected ;  and  Mr.  Pox  would  gratify  the  circle 
of  his  friends  by  reading  the  Mysteries  of  Udolpho,  or 
other  popular  novel  or  romance.  At  ten  a  light  supper 
was  served,  and  soon  after  the  party  retired  to  rest. 

Planting  and  gardening  were  favourite  occupations  of 
Pox,  and  he  is  universally  allowed  to  have  laid  out  the 
grounds  of  St.  Anne's  Hill  with  skill  and  taste.  He  con- 
sidered the  five  years  of  his  secession  from  Parliament 
(from  1797  to  1802)  as  the  happiest  period  of  his  life. 
Mrs.  Pox's  efforts  to  promote  his  domestic  comforts  were 
exemplary  and  untiring.  On  the  24th  of  January,  1799, 
he  attained  his  fiftieth  year,  and  on  his  birthday  addressed 
these  verses  to  Mrs.  Pox. 

"  Of  years  I  have  now  half  a  century  past, 
And  none  of  the  fifty  so  blest  as  the  last ; 
How  it  happens  my  troubles  thus  daily  should  cease. 
And  my  happiness  still  with  my  years  should  increase. 
In  defiance  of  Nature's  more  general  laws, 
Tou  alone  can  explain,  who  alone  are  the  cause.'' 

The  reader  will,  perhaps,  be  amused  with  the  following 
Physiognomical  Portrait  of  Pox,  executed  by  the  Cory- 
phaDus  of  Physiognomists — Lavator.  It  is  contained  in  a 
letter  of  Sir  Balph  Payne  (afterwards  Lord  Lavington)  to 
Sir  Robert  Murray  Keith,  dated  Lyons,  Nov.  1,  1788. 
"  When  I  was  at  Zurich,  where  I  staid  a  couple  of  days, 
I  paid  a  visit  to,  and  spent  two  or  three  hours  each  day 
with  Lavater,  and  I  will  annex  a  memorandum,  which  I 
copied  from  his  note*book,  on  Charles  Pox's  Physiognomy, 
which  he  had  an  opportunity  of  examining  about  a  Qouple 
of  months  ago,  at  Berne,  where  he  met  him  accidentally .'' 

PnT8IOO!VOMT   OF  FoX   BT  LaTATES. 

Fkont.    In^puisablc  :  plus  dc  Richesscs  d'idees  et  d*images,  quo  'je  n'ai 

jamaU  vu  peint  swr  aucune  Ph\j:fiognomic  au  M.onde, 
SouRciLS.    Superbes,  rcgnants,  dominants. 


136  GILLRAT^S   CARICATURES. 

Nbz.  Mddiocre.^LE8  Tedx.  BempliB  de  g^nie,  pcrgans,  fascmants, 
magiqnes. 

Leb  Joueb.  SensnelleB. — Bouche.  Pleine  d*nne  yolnbilit^  Burpreaante 
et  agreable,  et  le  bas  da  yiaage  doax,  affable  ot  sociable. — Layatbb 
FiNXiT. — See  Sir  Bobort  Murray  Keith's  Ck>rrespondence,  Yd.  ii. 


200. 

THE   TREE   OF    LIBEETY,— WITH   THE   DEVIL 
TEMPTING  JOHN  BULL.  May  23rd,  1798. 

POX. 

Fox,  as  the  serpent  of  political  evil,  attempting  to 
sednce  John  Bull  with  the  apple  of  Beform. 

Political  excitement  prevailed  in  England  at  this  time 
with  extraordinary  intensity  and  rancour.  The  Whigs 
accused  the  Ministers  of  a  systematic  design  to  establish 
despotic  power  in  thq  kingdom,  and  using  the  suspension 
of  the  Habeas  Corpus  Act,  the  Restrictions  of  the  Liberty 
of  the  Press,  and  other  coercive  measures  as  means  to 
facilitate  that  object.  The  Tories,  in  their  turn,  branded 
their  opponents  as  Jacobins,  plotting  to  subvert  tho 
Monarchical  Institutions  of  the  country. 

This  Print  may  be  regarded  as  a  clever  specimen  of  tho 
exaggerated  misrepresentations  on  the  Tory  side  of  the 
question.  From  the  branches  of  the  "Tree  op  Liberty," 
which  Fox  has  planted,  sprout,  not  only  ^^  Reform,  De- 
mocracy, Conspiracy,  Treason,  and  Revolution,^'  but 
^'  Atheism,  Deism,  Blasphemy ,'*  &c. ;  sentiments  abhorrent 
from  his  nature.  Such  attacks,  however,  were  considered 
legitimate  warfare  in  those  days  of  over-excitemeut. 

"  We  live  in  times  of  violence  and  extremes,''  says  Fox, 
in  a  letter  to  one  of  his  correspondents,  ^'  and  all  who  are 
for  creating,  or  even  for  retaining  chocks  upon  power,  are 
considered  as  enemies  to  order.'*  Fox  was  accordingly 
represented  as  a  Republican,  though  he  had  given  a  most 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  137 

lacid  exposition  of  his  sentiments,  in  liis  speecli  on  the 
Army  Estimates  in  1790.  ''He  always  thought  any  of 
the  simple  unbalanced  Governments  bad,  simple  Mo- 
narchy, simple  Aristocracy,  simple  Democracy, — ^he  held 
them  all  imperfect,  or  vicious ;  all  were  bad  by  them- 
selves :  the  composition  alone  was  good.  Those  had 
always  been  his  principles,  in  which  he  had  agreed  with 
his  friend,  Mr.  Burke.''  And  again,  in  his  speech  for 
giving  a  Constitution  to  Canada,  in  1 791.  '*  With  regard 
to  Grovemment,  he  would  express  his  mind  freely  and 
explicitly ;  and  that  was,  that  there  could  be  no  good  or 
complete  system  of  (Jovemment  without  a  proper  mixture 
of  Monarchy,  Aristocracy,  and  Democracy.  These  had 
always  been  his  sentiments ;  and  whoever  thought  other- 
wise, had  entirely  misunderstood  him,  especially  if  they 
supposed  that  he  was  an  enemy  to  Aristocracy.'' 

201. 
THE  EXPLANATION.  May  SOth,  1798. 

LOBD   CAMELFOBD.      PITT.  TIERNET.      SIR   f.    BURDETT. 

On  Friday,  May  25,  1798,  Pitt  moved  to  bring  in  a 
Bill  "  for  the  more  efficient  Manning  of  the  Navy,  by  an 
augmentation  of  10,000  men  to  the  present  force,"  at 
the  same  time  intimating,  '^  that  as  the  present  alarming 
situation  of  the  country  made  it  necessary  that  this  mea- 
sure should  be  passed  without  any  delay,  he  should  wish 
that  the  Bill  might  this  day  be  passed  through  its  different 
stages,  with  a  suitable  pause  at  each,  if  required;  and 
that  it  should  be  sent  to  the  Lords  for  their  concurrence." 
Tiemey  complained  of  the  precipitancy  of  the  Eight  Hon. 
Gentleman.  He  had  heard  no  arguments  that  proved  its 
propriety.  ''  He  knew  of  no  sudden  emergency  that 
urged  its  necessity ;  even  if  he  had,  some  time  ought  to 
have  been  allowed  him  to  weigh  and  to  examine  the  nature 
of  such  an  emergency,  before  he  proceeded  to  give  three 


138  gillrat's  cabicatubes. 

or  foar  votes  on  a  measure  of  which  no  notice  had  been 
given/'  Pitt  repeated  the  urgency  of  the  measure,  and 
said :  ^^  If  the  measure  be  necessarji  and  that  a  notice  of 
it  would  enable  its  effects  to  be  eluded,  how  can  the 
Honourable  Gentleman's  opposition  to  it  be  accounted  for, 
but  from  a  desire  to  obstruct  the  defence  of  the  country. '^ 
Tiernej  called  the  Bight  Hon.  Gentleman  to  order,  the 
language  was  unparliamentary,  and  he  appealed  to  the 
Chair  for  protection.  The  Speaker  (Addington)  said  it 
was  unparliamentary  to  impute  improper  motives  to  any 
Hon.  Gentleman,  and  the  House  would  wait  for  the  Bight 
Hon.  Gentleman's  explanation.  Pitt  replied,  "  He  was 
afraid  the  House  must  wait  for  a  long  while  before  they 
heard  such  an  explanation  as  was  demanded  of  him,  for 
he  must  adhere  to  his  former  declaration,"  which  he 
repeated.  ^^  He  knew  that  he  had  no  right  to  impute 
motives  to  the  language  used  by  the  Honourable  Gtsntle- 
man,  however  impossible  it  might  be  not  to  suspect  such 
inotives.  He  must  say,  he  would  neither  retract,  nor 
further  explain  his  former  expressions."*  Mr.  Tiemey 
immediately  withdrew  from  the  House,  which  ought  to 
have  been  a  sufficient  indication  to  the  Speaker  of  what 
would  take  place,  and  he  should  have  exerted  the  authority 
of  the  Chair  to  constrain  each  party  to  give  a  pledge  that 
no  hostile  proceeding  should  ensue. 

On  the  next  day,  Saturday,  May  26,  as  the  Speaker 
was  dining  with  Lord  Grosvenor,  a  letter  was  brought 
him  from  Pitt,  stating  that  he  had  received  a  hostile  mes- 
sage from  Mr.  Tiemey,  and  requesting  to  see  him.  The 
Speaker  immediately  repaired  to  Downing  Street.  '^  On 
my  arrival,"  he  says,  ^'  I  found  Pitt  had  just  made  his 
wiU."— See  PelleVs  "  Life  of  Lord  Sidmouth." 

On  Sunday,  May  27,  at  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon, 
Mr.  Pitt,  accompanied  by  Mr.  Byder,  and  Mr.  Tierney  by 

*  ilansard^s  Debates,  vul.  35,  pp.  1460^0:2. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  139 

Mr.  George  Walpolo,  met,  by  appointment,  on  Wimbledon 
Common.*  After  some  ineffectual  attempts  on  the  part  of 
the  seconds  to  prevent  further  proceedings,  the  parties 
took  their  ground,  at  the  distance  of  Twelve  paces.  A  case 
of  pistols  was  fired  at  the  same  moment,  without  effect ;  a 
second  case  was  also  fired  in  the  same  way.  Mr.  Pitt  fired 
his  second  pistol  in  the  air.  The  seconds  then  interfered, 
and  insisted  that  the  matter  should  go  no  further,  it  being 
their  decided  opinion  that  sufficient  satisfaction  had  been 
given,  and  that  the  business  was  ended  with  perfect  honour 
tobothparties.'* — See  "Pellew's  Life  of  Lord  Sidmouth.'* 
On  the  following  Wednesday,  May  30,  Mr.  Wilberforce 
gave  notice  of  his  intention  to  bring  the  subject  before  Par- 
liament, with  a  view  to  prevent  the  recurrence  of  a  similar 
event.  Mr.  Pitt  addressed  a  letter  to  him,  from  which  tho 
following  is  an  extract: — "  Downing-street,  May  30, 1798. 
—Whatever  may  be  your  general  sentiments  on  subjects 
of  this  nature,  they  can  have  acquired  no  new  force,  or 
additional  argument  from  any  thing  that  has  passed  in  this 
transaction.  You  must  be  supposed  to  bring  it  forward 
with  reference  to  the  individual  case.  In  doing  so  you  will 
be  accessory  to  loading  one  of  the  paiiiies  with  unfair  and 
nmnerited  obloquy.  With  respect  to  the  other  party, 
myself,  I  feel  it  a  real  duty  to  say  to  you,  frankly,  that 
your  motion  is  one  for  my  removal.  If  any  step  on  the  sub- 
ject is  proposed  in  Parliament,  and  agreed  to,  I  shall  feel 
from  that  moment  that  I  can  be  of  more  use  out  of  office 
than  in  it ;  for  in  it,  according  to  the  feelings  I  entertain, 
I  conld  be  of  none.  I  state  to  you,  as  I  think  I  ought, 
distinctly  and  explicitly,  what  I  feel.     I  hope  I  need  not 

*  The  Annual  Register,  and  the  Editor  of  Hansard's  Parliamentary  De- 
bates, erroneociBly  state  the  dnel  to  hare  taken  place  on  Patney  Heath. 
Speaker  Addington  pointed  oat  the  exact  spot  to  his  son-in-law  Pellew. 
**  The  dael  occnrred  in  the  hollow  beneath  the  windmill  which  crowns  tho 
Common,  and  at  some  little  distance  to  the  left  of  the  high  road,  where  it 
descends  the  hill  towards  Kingston,  and  on  the  spot  in  which  he  himself  stood 
awaiting  the  result." — ^Pellew's  **  Life  of  Lord  Sidmouth,"  toI.  i.  p.  206. 


140  oillrat's  caricatures. 

repeat  what  I  always  feel  personally  to  yourself/' — ^Wilber- 
force^s  Life,  vol.  ii.  p.  281. — Pitt's  threat  \)f  resignation 
induced  Wilberforce  to  relax  the  sternness  of  his  deter- 
mination to  discharge  this  moral  and  political  duty.  He 
abandoned  his  motion,  and  contented  himself  with  enter- 
ing in  his  Diary,  at  the  bottom  of  Pitt's  letter — "  Strange 
length  to  which  he  carries  the  point  of  honour.'' 

*'  The  Speaker  was  censured  at  the  time,  especially  by 
the  Opposition,  for  not  having  insisted  on  a  more  satisfac- 
tory explanation  from  Mr.  Pitt.  This  was  said  to  have 
been  the  only  occasion  on  which  he  had  erred  in  judgment, 
or  failed  to  enforce  the  authority  of  the  House,  and  cer- 
tainly it  does  appear  doubtful  whether,  in  his  anxiety  lest 
he  should  make  the  matter  worse  by  interference,  he 
exerted  his  influence  sufficiently." — PelloVs  Life  of  Lord 
Sidmouth,  vol.  i.  p.  204.  Such  is  the  lenient  stricture  of 
his  biographer,  who  would  have  represented  the  public 
feeling  more  correctly,  if  he  had  said,  the  Speaker  was 
universally  censured,  and  his  presence  near  the  scene  of 
the  duel  was  considered  an  aggravation  of  the  original 
error.  ^'  Some  one,"  said  Addington,  "  observed  that  the 
Speaker  knew  of  the  meeting,  and  ought  to  have  prevented 
it  /'  but  Lord  Chatham  remarked,  ^^  that  I  could  not  have 
taken  any  step  so  injurious  to  his  family;  in  fact,  as  I  had 
received  the  information  from  Pitt  himself,  my  interfering 
would  have  looked  too  much  like  collusion."  Vol.  i.  p.  205. 

It  seems  extraordinary  that  the  Speaker's  nerves,  or 
his  judgment  should  have  failed  him  on  this  occasion.  He 
had  given  many  proofs  of  his  strict  impartiality  and  inde- 
pendence. On  the  25th  of  May,  1792,  in  the  debate  on 
the  celebrated  Proclamation  against  Seditious  Publications, 
Mr.  Grey  (afterwards  Earl  Grey),  made  a  most  acrimo- 
nious attack  on  Pitt.  He  said — '^  One  intention  of  the 
Proclamation  seemed  to  be  to  divide  the  Opposition.  It 
was  a  measure  contrived  by  him,  whoso  supremo  delight 
was  to  see  discord  supersede  harmony  among  those  who 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  141 

opposed  his  measures ;  by  him  whose  whole  political  life 
was  a  tissue  of  constant  inconsistency,  of  assertion  and 
retraction ;  by  him  who  never  proposed  a  measure  without 
intending  to  deceive  his  hearers,  promising  every  thing, 
but  performing  nothing,  and  perpetually  breaking  his  word 
with  the  public ;  who  studied  all  the  arts  of  captivating 
popularity,  without  ever  intending  to  deserve  it;  and  who 
was  a  complete  apostate  from  the  very  commencement  of 
his  political  life ;  by  him  whose  malignity  sought  its  gra- 
tification in  the  separation  of  the  dearest  of  friends,  and 
whose  whole  conduct  was  an  uninterrupted  series  of  con- 
temptuous disdain  towards  the  rights  of  the  people,  and 
the  privileges  of  that  House.  Mr.  Grey  was  repeatedly 
called  to  order,  but  suffered  to  proceed  by  the  Speaker, 
who  did  not  think  his  language  disorderly.'^  Rivington's 
Annual  Register  for  1792,  vol.  i.  p.  376.  The  Speaker, 
who  thus  decided,  cannot  be  suspected  of  having  had  a 
disposition  to  succumb  to  the  Minister,  or  of  improperly 
consulting  his  personal  feelings. 

When  Mr.  Pitt  had  complied  with  the  despotism  of 
custom,  and  given  the  satisfaction  required  by  a  barbarous 
code  of  honour,  it  would  have  been  more  consonant  with 
true  dignity  if  he  had  retracted  the  injurious  imputation 
which  he  must  have  known  to  be  groundless,*  but  his  pride 
overcame  his  magnanimity.     No  one  ever  passed  through 

*  It  was  generally  reported  at  the  time  that  Pitt  had  partaken  rather  too 
freelj  of  the  oonyiyialitiea  of  the  dinner-table  on  the  afternoon  of  the  debate 
which  gave  rise  to  the  duel. 

**  Narratnr  et  Prisci  Catonis 

Ssepe  Mero  caluisse  Virtus." 

Occnrrences  of  this  sort  were  not  unfreqnent  in  those  days  with  Members  of 
the  House  of  Commons.  The  RoUiad  has  a  pointed  allusion  to  a  scene  of 
this  description  in  an  epigram  on  Pitt  and  Dundas. 

*'  I  can't  see  the  Speaker,  Hal  ;  can  you  ?'* 
**  Not  see  the  Speaker,  Will  ?  why  I  see  two." 

Gilbray  has  seTcral  caricatures  on  the  symposia  of  Pitt  and  Dundas. 


142  OILLRAY^S   CARICATURES. 

a  long  parliamentary  career  with  a  higher  character  for 
political  worth,  or  more  respected  by  friends  or  opponents^ 
than  Tiemey  did. 

After  Tiemey's  death,  the  most  honourable  tribute  was 
paid  to  his  memory  by  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  to  whom 
Tiemey  had  always  been  opposed  in  politics.  In  the  Re- 
port of  the  Select  Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons 
on  Pensions,  we  find,  under  the  head  of  Pensions  granted 
in  connexion  with  Political  and  Parliamentary  Services, 
the  following  entry — '^Tierney,  Anna  Maria;  aged  73, 
widow  of  the  late  Right  Hon.  George  Tiemey ;  this  pen,'- 
sion  was  unsolMted,  and  was  recommended  to  the  Crown 
by  his  Grace  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  then  at  the  head  of 
the  Government/' — Page  42. 

202. 

OPPOSITION  TELEGRAPHS;  or,  THE  LITTLE 
SECOND-SIGHTED  LAWYER  GIVING  A  TRUE 
SPECIMEN  OP  PATRIOTIC  INFORMATION. 

June  23rd,  1798. 

JEKYLL. 

Early  in  May,  1798,  the  English  Government  deter- 
mined to  send  a  naval  and  military  expedition  to  Ostend, 
under  the  command  of  Captain  Sir  Home  Popham  and 
Major-General  Coote,  '^  for  the  purpose  of  blowing  up  the 
basin,  gates,  and  sluices  of  the  Canal  of  Bruges,  and  destroy- 
ing the  internal  navigation  between  Holland,  Flanders,  and 
France.''  The  wind  proved  extremely  unfavourable  to  the 
operations  of  the  squadron,  and  caused  considerable  delay. 
On  the  18th  they  had  anchored  in  the  Ostend  Roads ;  and, 
as  the  weather  appeared  something  more  favourable.  Sir 
Home  Popham  had  made  the  signal  to  approach  the  coast, 
when  the  wind  suddenly  veered,  and  threatened  to  blow  so 
violently  against  them,  that  Sir  Home  Popham  and  Gene- 
ral Coote  were  deliberating,  whether  it  would  not  be  better 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  143 

to  go  to  sea^  and  wait  for  a  more  favourable  opportunity ; 
"  when  a  boat  from  the  Vigilant  so  convinced  us,''  says 
Sir  Home  Popham,  "  of  the  small  force  at  Ostend,  Nieu- 
port,  and  Bruges,  that  General  Coote  begged  he  might  be 
landed,  to  accomplish  the  great  object  of  destroying  the 
Canal,  even  if  the  surf  should  prevent  his  retreat  being  so 
successful  as   I  could  wish/'*    Early  in  the  morning 
of  the  19th,  about  a  thousand  men  were  landed,  many 
of  them  before  they  were  discovered.     The  greatest  spirit 
and  energy  animated  the  troops,   and    General    Coote 
completely  succeeded  in  accomplishing  the  object  of  the 
expedition.     The  troops  then  commenced  their  retreat 
to  their  ships,  and  had  proceeded  as  far  as  the  Sand 
hills,   when  the   wind  blew  a  hurricane,  and  the  vio- 
lence of  the  surf  rendered  it  impossible  to  re-embark  a 
single  man.     They  then  made  every  possible  exertion  to 
entrench  themselves,  and  strengthen  their  position.     They 
passed  an  anxious  night,  hoping  the  wind  might  abate  in 
the  morning,  and  enable  them  to  regain  their  ships.    But 
the  winds  and  the  surf  were  adverse.     "  Both  Coote  and 
I  thought,"  says  Colonel  Burrard,  in  a  letter  to  Captain 
Popham,  ''  that  if  we  could  not  get  off  at  day-break,  we 
should  be  surrounded  by  a  host  of  enemies. — Too  truly. — 
When  the  day  was  clear,  one  large  column  appeared  in 
front — four  more  with  horse  artillery  attacked  us  in  dif- 
ferent directions.     The  action  lasted  nearly  two  hours, 
when,  surrounded  on  all  sides,  we  found  we  could  do  no 
more."     They   capitulated.     General   Coote  and   Major 
Donkin  were   severely  wounded,  and  Colonel  Campbell 
killed.     The  total  loss,  including  seamen,  amounted  to 
about  100  killed  and  woimded,  and  900  taken  prisoners. 
"  The  object  of  the  expedition."  says  Lieut.-ColonelWarde 
'*  was  completed  by  burning  a  number  of  boats  destined 
for  the  invasion  of  England,  and  by  so  completely  destroy- 

*  See  Sir  Home  Fopham's  Dispatch,  dated  May  20, 1798. 

10 


144  gillray's  caricatures. 

ing  the  Locks,  Bsisin,  and  Gates  of  the  Brages  Canal,*  that 
it  was  this  morning  (May  20)  without  a  drop  of  water ; 
and  as  I  understand  all  the  Transports  fitting  out  at 
Flushing  were  intended  to  be  brought  to  Ostend  and  Dun- 
kirk by  the  inland  navigation,  to  avoid  our  cruisers,  that 
arrangement  will  be  defeated,  and  it  will  be  a  long  time 
before  the  works  can  be  repaired,  as  they  were  five  years  in 
finishing,  and  were  esteemed  the  most  complete  works  of  the 
kind  in  Europe^ 

In  this  Print  Jeeyll  is  represented  working  a 
Telegraph,  erected  on  the  top  of  the  Morning 
Chronicle  Office  ;  impatient  to  obtain  the 
earliest  intelligence  respecting  the  result  of 
THE  Expedition  to  destroy  the  Canal  of  Bruges. 

On  the  20th  of  June  he  exclaims  :  "  Ay,  now  let  us  see 
what  are  the  fruits  of  this  miserable  Expedition  !  Ay,  I 
see  that  the  intelligence  I  had  from  Bruges  was  of  un- 
doubted authority  !  Yes,  yes,  our  informations  are  always 
to  be  depended  upon !  Ay,  sure  enough,  there's  the  great 
Sluice  of  Sluykens,  which  was  the  great  object  of  the 
Expedition,  has  not  been  blown  up ;  the  damages  have  all 
been  repaired  in  a  week,  and  the  Canal  now  as  full  as  at 
any  former  period !  O  Lord  I  O  Lord !  this  is  the  way 
that  poor  John  Bull's  money  goes  !  !  V* 

On  the  21st  he  exclaims  : — "  Why,  what  the  devil  do  I 
see  ?  Zounds  !  why,  here's  incontestable  evidence  that  the 
Sluices  are  all  destroyed  !  The  masonry  all  blown  up !  and 
the  navigation  of  the  Canal  at  an  end.  O  Lord,  what 
damages  they  have  done  !  Why,  it  can't  be  repaired  by 
any  efforts  in  less  than  twelve  months.  Mercy  upon  me ! 
What  will  my  Lord  Malagridaf  say,  when  I  tell  him  about 
this  business  ?" 

*  The  Canal  of  Bruges  was  about  thirteen  miles  long,  and  in  most  parti 
nearlj  one  hundred  jrards  wide.  It  iormed  one  of  the  most  important  re- 
ceptacles for  the  boats  and  other  craft  destined  for  the  invasion  of  England. 

t  Marquis  of  Lansdownc.  This  appellation,  derived  from  the  name  of  the 


POLITICAL    SERIES.  145 

Personal  Satires  and  Political  Caricatures,  which  excited 
the  laughter  and  merriment  of  contemporaries,  from  the 
felicity  and  pungency  of  the  allusions,  frequently  become 
obscure  and  nearly  unintelligible  in  the  next  generation. 
That  is  the  case  in  the  present  instance.  The  Caricature 
alludes  to  statements  made  in  the  House  of  Commons  by 
Jekyll,  on  the  20th  and  21st  of  June,  1798,  of  which  no 
record  is  to  be  found  in  Hansard^s  Debates.  The  gallery 
of  the  House  was  ordered  to  be  cleared  on  the  former  day, 
and  the  editor  of  Hansard  has  most  strangely  omitted  all 
notice  of  the  proceedings  of  thd  House  on  the  21st  of 
June.  On  the  20th,  Jekyll  stated,  in  the  course  of  his 
speech,  that  the  Expedition  to  Ostend  had  virtually  failed, 
as  the  damage  done  to  the  Canal  of  Bruges  could  be  re- 
paired in  a  very  short  time.  On  the  meeting  of  the  House 
on  the  following  day,  Jekyll  said  :  '^  He  hoped  the  House 
would  give  him  credit  when  he  said,  that  nothing  could 
give  him  more  pain,  than  to  make  any  representation  that 
was  not  well  founded.  Yesterday  he  stated  in  the  House, 
from  the  authority  of  letters  he  had  seen,  and  which  were 
received  in  London,  that  the  Canal  and  Works  at  Ostend, 
the  destruction  of  which  was  the  object  of  the  late  Expe- 
dition thither,  had  not  been  effected ;  that  we  had  not  put 
an  end  to  that  Canal.  He  had,  however,  this  morning 
received  information  from  a  distinguished  officer  (Captain 
Popham),  assuring  him  that  his  statement  of  yesterday 
was  erroneous,  and  that  officer  gave  him  evidence  from 
yarious  quarters.  He  had  no  ocular  demonstration  of  the 
fact  himself,  for  he  remained  on  board ;  but  he  referred 
to  an  American  officer,  who  had,  and  he  declared  that  the 

celebrated  Portngaese  Jcsnit  Malagrida,  was  first  given  to  Lord  Sholbnme 
(Marqnis  of  lAnsdowne),  by  Junius,  who,  iu  a  letter  to  the  Public  Adyertujer, 
under  the  Signature  of  "  Corregio/*  dated  Sept.  1, 1767,  characterises  him  as 
*'  Heir  apparent  to  Loyola — a  perfect  Malagrida.*'  Our  readers  may  rccullrct 
the  unfortunate  speech  addressed  by  Goldsmith  to  Lord  Shelbnrne,  with  his 
usual  simplicity  and  characteristic  hlnnderin*;.  "  [  wonder  why  they  cull 
joa  Malagrida, /or  Malagrida  was  a  good  man.'* 

10  * 


146  gillray's  caricatures. 

works  were  blown  up,  and  entirely  demolished ;  that  the 
navigation  of  the  Canal  was  entirely  put  an  end  to,  and 
that  there  was  no  current  of  water  there  now,  except  at  the 
flowing  of  the  tide ;  and  that  the  works  cannot  be  put  in  a 
state  of  repair  in  less  than  twelve  months.  He  thought  it 
necessary  to  say  this,  lest  it  should  go  abroad,  as  he  had 
stated  yesterday,  that  the  object  of  the  Expedition  was  not 
attained ;  he  did  this  to  quiet  the  mind  of  the  gallant 
officers  in  the  Expedition,  and  the  more  so,  as  the  Com- 
mander-in-chief, General  Coote,  was  there  wounded.  He 
was  aware  the  former  information  he  had  received,  and 
which  he  had  stated  in  the  House,  would  give  pain  to 
every  feeling  mind  in  the  country.  He  was  now  persuaded, 
that  the  work  of  that  expedition  was  fully  done,  as  far  as 
depended  on  the  gallant  persons  concerned  in  it.'' 

Mr.  Secretary  Dundas  said  after  this,  "  No  man  could 
have  any  idea  that  the  work  was  not  done,  nor  was  it 
possible  to  say  that  the  Hon.  Gentleman  had  mis-stated 
the  thing  wilfully.'' 

Gillray  has  frequently  introduced  Jekyll  into  the  series 
of  his  Political  Prints,  it  may  therefore  be  proper  ta  make 
a  few  remarks  respecting  him.  He  was  descended  from 
an  eminent  lawyer.  Sir  Joseph  Jekyll,  Master  of  the  Bolls 
in  the  Reign  of  George  I.  He  was  himself  a  barrister,  and 
practised  at  the  common  law  bar.  By  the  friendship  and 
influence  of  Lord  Shelburne  (flrst  marquis  of  Lansdowne) 
he  was  one  of  the  representatives  for  Calne  for  a  long  series 
of  years.  His  parliamentary  speeches  were  enlivened  by 
wit,  and  enforced  by  cogency  of  argument.  The  gaiety  of 
his  conversation,  his  bon  mots,  entertaining  puns  and 
agreeable  manners,  made  his  company  much  sought  after 
by  the  best  society.  He  was  a  great  favourite  of  the  Prince 
of  Wales,  and  frequently  a  guest  at  Carlton  House. 

In  the  spring  of  1815,  a  Mastership  in  Chancery  having 
become  vacant,  the  Prince  Regent  was  unremitting  in  his 
application  to  Lord  Eldon  to  confer  the  appointment  on 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  147 

Jekyll ;  bat  He  could  not  obtain  his  reluctant  consent  be- 
fore June.  Some  of  the  circumstances  attending  his 
appointment  to  the  office  are  so  singular  and  whimsical, 
that  we  shall  relate  them  nearly  in  the  words  of  Lord 
Eldon^  as  given  in  his  Anecdote  Book,  or  in  his  account 
to  his  relative,  Mrs.  Porster. 

"  The  fact  is,  Jekyll  was  a  great  favourite  with  every- 
body. Everybody  wished  him  to  be  well  provided  for  in 
a  proper  way.  Nobody  wished  it  more  than  I  did.  But 
I  hesitated  weeks  and  months  before  I  made  the  appoint- 
ment. His  most  anxious  and  most  powerful  well-wisher 
was  the  Prince  Regent,  who  was  very  much  attached  to 
him,  and  with  whom  Jekyll  had  spent  many  convivial 
hours.  He  was  a  person  of  great  humour  and  wit,  and 
indulged  himself  in  manifesting  his  wit  and  humour  to  a 
very  considerable  extent,  and,  I  believe,  without  ever 
having  said  an  ill-natured,  provoking,  or  a  rude  thing  of 
or  to  any  man,*  whilst  he  was  so  indulging  himself.  The 
Prince  Regent,  after  having  repeatedly  applied  to  me  at 
Carlton  House  to  appoint  Jekyll  the  Master  without  effect, 
and  having  observed  that  a  man  of  his  sense  would  soon 
be  able  to  learn  his  business,  at  length  took  the  following 
step  in  furtherance  of  his  purpose.  He  came  alone  to  my 
house  in  Bedford  Square ;  upon  the  servant  opening  the 
door,  the  Prince  observed,  that  as  the  Chancellor  had  the 
gout,  he  knew  he  must  be  at  home ;  he  therefore  desired 
lie  might  be  shown  to  the  room  where  the  Chancellor  was. 

*  The  Chancellor's  brother,  howeyer,  seemn  to  haye  been  annoyed  at  what 
most  men  would  haye  considered  a  harmless  pleasantry.  On  Sir  William 
Scott's  marriage  with  the  Marchioness  of  Sligo,  he  had  two  brass  plates 
placed  on  his  street  door.  On  an  npper  compartment  was  one  bearing 
the  name  of  the  Marchioness  of  Sligo;  on  the  other,  in  a  lower  compart- 
ment, was  the  name  of  Sir  W.  Scott  JekjU,  meeting  Sir  W.  Scott  shortly 
after,  said  to  him,  "  I  had  the  pleasure  of  lesying  my  card  at  yonr  honse  the 
other  day.  I  found  you  had  already  began  to  knock  under."  Sir  William, 
on  his  retom  home,  ordered  his  servant  to  have  the  position  of  the  plates 
reversed. 


148  QILLRAY^S   CARICATURES. 

My  servants  told  the  Prince  I  was  much  too  ill  to  be  seen. 
He,  however,  pressed  to  be  admitted,  and  they  respect- 
fully informed  hira  that  they  had  positive  orders  to  admit 
no  one.     Upon  which  he  asked  to  be  shown  the  staircase^ 
which  they  could  not  refuse  to  do.     He  immediately  as- 
cended, and  pointed  first  to  one  door,  and  then  to  another, 
asking,   'Is  this  your  master's  room?'     They  answered 
'No/  until  he  came  to  the  right  one,  upon  which  he 
opened  the  door,  and  seated  himself  by  my  bedside.    Well, 
I  was  surprised  to  see  his  Royal  Highness,  and  inquired 
his  pleasure,  he  said  he  had  come  to  request  that  I  would 
appoint  Jekyll  to  the  vacant  Mastership  in  Chancery.     I 
respectfully  answered,  that  I  deeply  regretted  his  Royal 
Highness  should  ask  that,  for  I  could  not  comply.     He 
inquired    why  ?      Simply    because,  in    my  opinion,  Mr. 
Jekyll  was  totally  unqualified  to  discharge  the  duties  of  the 
office ;  he  continued  to  urge  his  request,  and  I  said  I  could 
never  agree.   His  Royal  Highness  suddenly  threw  himself 
back  in  the   chair,  exclaiming,    'How   I  do  pity  Lady 
Eldon  P  Good  God !  I  said,  what  is  the  matter  ?  '  Nothing,' 
answered  the  Prince,  '  except  that  she  never  will  see  you 
again,  for  here  I  shall  sit  in  this  chair  until  you  promise  to 
make  Jekyll  a  Master  in  Chancery.'    Well,  I  was  obliged 
at  length  to  give  in,  I  could  not  help  it.  However,"  added 
Lord  Eldon,  "Jekyll  got  on  capitally.     One  of  my  friends 
met  him  after  he  was  appointed,  and  asked  him,  how  in 
the  world  he  come  to  be  picked  out  for  that  office,  and  he 
answered,  '  he  supposed  it  was  because  he  was  the  most 
unfit  man  in  the  country.'     Now  you  see  the  very  con- 
sciousness of  his  want  of  ability  led  him  in  all  difficult 
cases  to  consult  two  or  three  other  Masters  in  Chancery, 
and  being  guided  by  two  or  three  experienced  heads,  never 
went  wrong.     He  continued  in  office  a  considerable  time, 
till  indisposition  and  age  obliged  him  to  retire  upon  the 
usual  pension.     I  met  hira  in  the  street  the  day  after  his 
retirement,  when,  according  to  his  usual  manner,  he  ad- 


POUTICAL   SERIES.  149 

dressed  me  in  a  joke,  'Yesterday,  Lord  Chancellor,  I  was 
your  Master,  to-day  I  am  my  own/  ''* 

We  have  already  spoken  of  Jekyll's  colloqnial  talents, 
it  only  remains  to  add,  he  sometimes  indulged  in  epigram- 
matic effusions.  We  can  only  afford  space  for  one  spe- 
cimen connected  with  a  branch  of  his  profession. 

ON  THE  SERJEANTS-AT-LAW. 

'*  The  seijeants  are  a  grateful  race, 
Their  dress  and  language  show  it ; 
Their  purple  robes  from  Tyre  we  trace, 
Their  arguments  go  to  it. 

203. 

LE  COUP  DB  MAITEE.  November  24th,  1797. 

FOX. 

On  the  revolutionary  principles  attributed  to  the  Whigs, 
and  the  ultimate  designs  which  were  still  ascribed  to  their 
leader.  Fox,  who,  it  was  pretended,  aimed  at  nothing  less 
than  the  subversion  of  the  Constitution. 

204. 
UNITED  IRISHMEN  IN  TRAINING-  June  12, 1798. 
On  the  Irish  Rebellion  of  1798.     This  print  requires 
little  explanation. 

205. 

UNITED    IRISHMEN    UPON    DUTY. 

June\2ih,  1798. 
A  sequel  to  the  foregoing.  It  is  rather  an  exaggerated 
picture  of  the  horrors  which  attended,  or  rather  which 
were  expected  to  attend  the  sanguinary  Rebellion  of  1798. 
French  revolutionary  principles  are  here  brought  into  full 
play,  in  the  shape  of  plunder,  rape,  and  murder,  and 
every  description  of  outrage  and  devastation. 

«  See  Twi88*s  Life  of  Lord  Eldou,  toI.  u.  p.  266—268. 


150  GILLRAT^S   CABICATUKES. 

206. 

PIG'S   MEAT ;  OR,    THE   SWINE   FLOGGED   OUT 
OP  THE  FARM  YARD.  June  22nd,  1798. 

NICHOLLS.  LORD    DERBT.  DUKE   OF  NORFOLK.  FOX. 

TIBRNEY.  DUKE   OF   BEDFORD.  BRSKINE.  BURDETT. 

PITT.         DUNDAS.         M.    A.   TAYLOR. 

Pitt  and  Dandas  driving  the  Opposition  Pigs,  the  re- 
presentatives of  the  ''  swinish  multitude,*'  out  of  John 
Bull's  farm-yard. 

In  all  the  speeches  and  writings  of  Burke,  there  was  no 
phrase  or  sentiment  which  was  so  bandied  about,  or  pro- 
voked such  general  indignation,  as  the  term  '^  swinish 
MULTITUDE,**  applied  to  the  people.  It  was  denounced 
in  public  meetings,  clubs,  and  epigrams,  and  assailed  in 
every  variety  of  shape  and  form.  The  expression  w«8 
more  keenly  resented  as  proceeding  from  one  who  had  uni- 
formly justified  the  revolt  of  the  Americans,  and  triumphed 
at  the  success  of  their  arms ;  "  Who  had  rejoiced  with 
Fox  at  the  victories  of  a  Washington,  and  sympathized 
with  him  almost  to  tears  at  the  fate  of  a  'Montgomery." 
(See  Hansard*s  Debates,  vol.  29,  p.  379.)  A  seditious 
incendiary,  of  the  name  of  Thomas  Spence,  who  kept  a 
small  bookseller*s  shop  in  Little  Turnstile,  Holbom,  and 
was  also  a  dealer  in  copper  coins,  published  a  series  of 
cheap  tracts,  entitled  ''Pig's  Meat;**  and  as  a  Lion*s 
Head*  was  placed  before  the  door  of  the  publisher  of  the 
Spectator,  to  receive  the  contributions  of  correspondents 
in  its  mouth,  so  Spence  placed  a  trough  before  his  own 
door,  as  a  recipient  for  contributions  to  "  PiG*s  Meat.*' 
He  also  struck  a  medalet,  on  the  obverse  of  which  was^ 

A     PIG    TRAMPLING     UPON     EMBLEMS     OF     ROYALTY    AND     BE* 

LiGioN;  the  cap  of   liberty  radiated  above;  the  legend^ 

"PiG*s     Meat,    published     by     T.    Spence,    London.** 

A  copy  of  this  is  preserved   in   Sir  George  Chetwynd*8 
*  Now  ID  the  po8Kcs8iou  of  the  Duke  of  Bedford,  at  Wobum. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  151 

Collection.  Spence  was  prosecuted  for  higli  treason,  con- 
victed, and  sentenced  to  stand  in  the  pillory,  and  be  im- 
prisoned seven  months.  To  commemorate  this,  he  struck 
a  medalet ;  on  the  obverse  is  a  bust  in  profile,  1794  ;  the 
legend,  ''  T.  Spence,  seven  months  imprisoned  for  high 
treason."  (See  Sharp's  Catalogue  Raisonne  of  Sir  G. 
Chetwynd's  most  interesting  and  valuable  collection  of 
Copper  Coins,  Medalets,  &c.  4to.  p.  144,  Privately  printed, 
1834.)  These  inflammatory  medalets  were  industriously 
circulated  by  Spence,  Daniel  Isaac  Eaton,  and  other  kin- 
dred spirits. 

The  celebrated  expression,  ''  swinish  multitude," 
occurs  in  Burke's  Reflections  on  the  Revolution  of  France, 
where  speaking  of  the  destruction  of  the  French  nobility 
and  clergy,  he  predicts  that  learning  will  soon  follow  in 
their  train.  '^  Nothing  is  more  certain,  than  that  our 
maimers,  our  civilization,  and  all  the  good  things  which 
are  connected  with  manners  and  with  civilization,  have,  in 
this  world  of  ours,  depended  for  ages  upon  two  principles 
and  were  indeed  the  result  of  both  combined ;  I  mean, 
the  spirit  of  a  gentleman,  and  the  spirit  of  religion.  The 
nobility  and  the  clergy,  the  one  by  profession,  the  other 
by  patronage,  kept  learning  in  existence,  even  in  the  midst 
of  arms  and  confusions,  and  whilst  Governments  were 
rather  in  their  causes  than  formed.  Learning  paid  back 
what  it  had  received  to  Nobility  and  to  Priesthood,  and 
paid  it  with  usury,  by  enlarging  their  ideas,  and  by  furnish- 
ing their  minds.  Happy  if  they  had  all  continued  to 
know  their  indissoluble  union,  and  their  proper  place ! 
Happy  if  Learning,  not  debauched  by  ambition,  had  been 
satisfied  to  continue  the  instructor,  and  not  aspired  to  be 
the  master  !  Along  with  its  natural  protectors  and  guar- 
dians, Lejlsning  will  be  cast  into  the  mire,  and  trodden 
down  under  the  hoofs  of  a  swinish  multitude.'^* 

*  In  Burke's  own  copy  of  his  Works,  his  Son  had  inserted  the  following 
note  in  manoscript :  "  See  the  fate  of  Bailly  and  Condoroet,  supposed  to  be 


152  QiLL rat's  caricatures. 


207. 

NIGHTLY  VISITORS  AT  ST.  ANNE'S  HILL. 

8(^t.  2l8t,  1798. 

FOX.  LORD   EDWARD   FITZGERALD. 

Fox,  aroused  from  his  sleep,  has  started  ap  in  his  bed, 
liorror-struck  at  the  apparition  of  Lord  Edward  Fitzgerald, 
who  thus  addresses  him  : — 

"  Who  first  sedac'd  my  jonthfal  mind  from  virtae  ? 
Who  plann'd  mj  treason,  and  who  cans'd  my  death  ? 
Remember  poor  Lord  Edward,  and  despair  111" 

Fox  answers — 

**  Why  dost  thon  shake  thy  gory  locks  at  me  ? 
Dear,  bravest,  worthiest,  noblest,  best  of  men  ! 
Thoa  canst  not  say  I  did  it" 

Around  his  room  are  seen  the  headless  bodies  of  Quigley, 
Shears,  &c.  The  Confessions  of  Arthur  O'Connor  are 
suspended  over  Fox's  head,  and  "  The  Plan  of  the  Irish 
Rebellion''  lays  by  his  side.  All  these  are,  of  course, 
intended  to  imply  that  Fox  and  the  leading  members  of 
the  Opposition*  had  been  the  authors  and  abettors  of  the 
recent  Irish  Rebellion. 

Lord  Edward  Fitzgerald  was  the  fifth  son  of  the  first 
Duke  of  Leinster,  by  his  wife  EmUia  Mary,  daughter  of 
Charles,  second  Duke  of  Richmond ;  he  was  bom  the  15th 


here  allnded  to.  Compare  the  circumstances  of  the  trial  and  ezecation  of 
the  former  with  this  prediction."  After  Barke's  death,  his  execators  in- 
serted this  note  in  their  first  edition  of  his  Works,  stating  that  it  was 
approved  bj  Mr.  Burke,  and  illostrated  his  meaning. 

*  More  than  half  a  century  haying  elapsed  since  the  detectioo  of  the 
conspiracy  of  the  United  Irishmen,  it  may  be  conyenient  that  the  reader 
should  be  reminded  that  neither  Reynolds,  the  original  informer,  nor  Arthur 
O'Connor,  nor  any  of  his  confederates,  eyer  implicated  any  of  the  English 
Opposition  in  any  connection  with  the  Society  of  United  Irishmen,  or  know- 
ledge of  their  real  objects,  which  were  to  overturn  the  Irish  Government, 
and  establish  a  republic  in  that  kingdom. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  153 

of  October,  1768;  his  father  died  in  1773.  Not  long 
after,  his  mother  married  William  Ogilvie,  Esq.,  a  gentle- 
man of  an  ancient  family  in  Scotland.  Young  Edward's 
education  was  thenceforward  principally  superintended  by 
Mr.  Ogilvie.  ''  As  the  youth,*'  says  Moore,  *'  was  from 
the  first  intended  for  the  military  profession,  to  the  studies 
connected  with  that  pursuit  his  preceptor  principally  di- 
rected his  attention.  Luckily,  the  tastes  of  the  young 
learner  coincided  with  the  destiny  marked  out  for  him,  and 
in  all  that  related  to  the  science  of  military  construction, 
— the  laying  out  of  camps,  fortifications,  &c.,  he  was  early 
a  student  and  a  proficient.''  In  1 779,  he  commenced  his 
military  career  in  the  Sussex  Militia,  of  which  his  uncle, 
the  Duke  of  Richmond,  was  Colonel.  A  youth  of  his 
aspiring  ambition  was  not  likely  to  remain  long  contented 
with  the  inglorious  campaigns  of  the  Sussex  Militia, 
though  even  there  he  had  an  early  opportunity  of  display- 
ing his  knowledge  of  castrametation,  for  ''the  persons 
intrusted  with  the  task  of  making  the  encampment  having 
proved  themselves  wholly  incompetent,  with  the  permis- 
sion of  his  uncle  he  undertook  and  performed  it  to  the 
surprise  and  satis&ction  of  the  regiment."  In  the  autumn 
of  1 780,  a  Lieutenancy  was  procured  for  him  in  the  96th 
Kegiment  of  Foot,  but  he  exchanged  into  the  19th  early  in 
1 781 .  His  regiment  was  ordered  to  America,  and  in  June 
he  landed  at  Charlestown.  He  soon  had  an  opportunity  of 
achieving  *'  a  service  which  was  not  brilliant,  but  useful, 
and  brought  him  both  honour  and  reward."  His  Colonel 
having  retreated  before  Greneral  Lee,  Lord  Edward  Fitz- 
gerald, who  was  upon  the  rear-guard,  covering  the  retreat 
of  the  regiment,  kept  the  American  corps  in  check  till  he 
was  able  to  break  up  a  small  wooden  bridge  over  9  creek, 
which  completely  prevented  pursuit  by  the  enemy.  Lord 
Bawdon  (afterwards  Lord  Moira)  was  so  pleased  with  this 
readiness  of  resource  in  so  young  an  officer,  that  he  imme- 
diately appointed  him  an  aide-de-camp  on  his  staff.     He 


154  gillbat'b  cabicatubes. 

remained  in  America  till  the  termination  of  the  war ;  at  the 
peace  he  returned  to  Ireland,  and  was  elected  Member  for 
the  borough  of  Athy,  then  in  the  nomination  of  the  Duke 
of  Leinster.  At  this  time  he  found  Parliamentary  life  very 
insipid.  Nearly  about  the  same  time  he  became  enamoured 
of  Lady  Catharine  Mead,  second  daughter  of  the  Earl  of 
Clanwilliam,  and  afterwards  married  to  Lord  Powerscourt. 
He  subsequently  formed  another  attachment.  Moore  only 
designates  the  young  lady  by  the  initial  G***.  The  Duke 
of  Richmond,  who  felt  a  strong  interest  in  both  parties, 
endeavoured  to  promote  the  union ;  but  her  &ther,  con- 
sidering Lord  Edward's  fortune  totally  inadequate  to  the 
maintenance  of  a  wife  and  family  in  a  style  of  the  elegant 
competence  to  which  his  daughter  had  been  accustomed, 
peremptorily  forbade  him  his  house.  His  spirits  sank 
every  day  more  and  more  under  the  disappointment,  and 
he  resolved  to  join  his  regiment  (now  the  54fth),  at  New 
Brunswick,  in  Nova  Scotia. 

It  is  not  oar  purpose  to  trace  his  operations  during  his 
residence  in  New  Brunswick,  or  his  excursions  among  the 
savage  tribes ;  we  introduce  the  subject  for  the  purpose 
of  stating  that  this  was  the  period  in  which  he  first  con- 
tracted his  republican  principles,  and  imbibed  the  partiality 
for  equality  in  society.  His  disappointments  in  love  seem 
to  have  had  an  influence  over  this  preference.  In  a  letter 
to  his  mother,  dated  Frederick's  Town,  New  Brunswick, 
Sept.  2,  1778,  he  says,  "  Savages  enjoy  the  love  and  com- 
pany of  their  wives,  relations,  and  friends,  without  any 
interference  of  interests  or  ambition  to  separate  them.  To 
bring  things  home  to  oneself,  if  wb  had  been  Indians, 
instead  of  its  being  my  duty  to  separate  from  all  of  you, 
it  would  be  my  duty  to  be  with  you,  to  make  you  comfort- 
able, and  to  hunt  and  fish  for  you ;  instead  of  Lord  G*** 
being  violent  against  letting  me  marry  G***,  he  would  be 
glad  to  give  her  to  me,  that  I  might  maintain  and  feed 
her:    no   cares  for  children, — no  devilish  politics,  &c." 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  155 

(See  Moore^s  Life  of  Lord  Edward.)  He  returned  to 
England  in  1790^  and  contrary  to  Iiis  motlier's  earnest 
remonstrances^  the  Duke  of  Leinster  returned  his  brother 
Edward  to  the  &ish  Parliament  for  the  borough  of  Kil- 
dare. 

In  October,  1792,  he  went  to  Paris.  He  tells  his 
mother,  "  I  lodge  with  my  friend  Paine.*  We  breakfast, 
dine,  and  sup  together.  At  Paris  he  saw  the  beautiful  and 
accomplished  lady,  then  known  and  celebrated  by  the  name 
of  Pamela,  and  who  was  designated  by  the  surname  of 
Sims ;  but  was  really  the  daughter  of  the  Duke  of  Orleans 
(Philippe  Egalite),  by  Madame  Genlis.  In  less  than  a 
month  they  were  married  at  Tournay.  Philippe  Egalite, 
his  son  Louis  Philippe  (the  Count  de  Neuilly),  and 
Madame  Genlis  were  present  at  the  nuptials,  and  were 
attesting  witnesses  to  it.  On  November  the  18th,  Lord 
Edward  attended  a  Public  dinner  of  the  English  at  Paris 
to  celebrate  the  triumph  of  the  French  armies.  The  most 
violent  Republican  toasts  were  drank;  among  others, 
**  May  the  Patriotic  Airs  of  the  German  legion  Ga  ira,  the 
Carmagnole,  and  the  Marseillaise  Hymn  become  the  fa- 
vourite music  of  every  army ;  and  may  the  soldier  and  the 
citizen  join  in  the  chorus.^'  As  soon  as  this  was  known 
in  England,  he  was  dismissed  from  the  army. 

In  January,  1793,  he  arrived  in  London  with  his  young 
bride.  He  now  plunged  into  politics.  He  had  unfortu- 
nately formed  a  friendship  with  Arthur  O^Connor,  but  it 
is  believed  that  it  was  not  till  about  the  beginning  of  the 
year  1796  that  Lord  Edward  became  a  member  of  the 
Society  of  United  Irishmen,  one  of  the  most  formidable 
conspiracies  ever  formed  against  the  Irish  Government, 
and  if  it  had  not  been  ultimately  betrayed  by  one  of  the 
confederates  (Reynolds),  might  have  deluged  Ireland  in 
blood,  and  endangered  the  existence  of  the  Government. 

*  The  Author  of  the  Bights  of  Man,  &c. 


156  GILLRATf^S    CARrCATURES. 

Lord  Edward^s  military  knowledge  rendered  his  accession 
a  most  important  acquisition  to  the  Society.  Hencefor- 
ward he  was  one  of  the  principal  advisers  and  organisers 
of  that  body.  He  was  appointed  to  accompany  Arthur 
O'Connor  to  Hamburgh  to  negociate  with  the  French 
Directory  for  the  invasion  of  Ireland.  The  failure  of 
General  Heche's  expedition  is  well  known.  O^Connor,  in 
company  with  Quigley,  attempted  to  go  to  Paris  by  the 
way  of  Calais.  They  were  arrested  at  Dover  for  high 
treason.  Quigley  w£ks  convicted  and  hanged.  O'Connor 
was  acquitted^  but  instantly  arrested  in  the  dock  by  a  war- 
rant from  the  Duke  of  Portland,  and  sent  to  Ireland. 
Being  now  convinced  that  Government  was  in  possession 
of  the  fullest  proofs  of  his  guilty  and  alarmed  for  the  safety 
of  his  life,  he  with  several  others,  entered  into  terms  with 
the  Government,  and  made  a  full  disclosure  of  every  thing 
connected  with  the  conspiracy.  Lord  Edward  was  sensible 
of  his  imminent  danger,  and  the  fatal  consequences  which 
must  attend  his  capture.  With  the  greatest  skill  he  for  a 
long  time  eluded  pursuit ;  perhaps,  however,  partly  from 
the  great  clemency  of  the  Government,  and  their  desire  to 
avoid  the  public  execution  of  a  man  of  unblemished  pri- 
vate character,  brother  of  the  first  peer  of  Ireland,  and 
otherwise  highly  related.  Even  Lord  Chancellor  Clare 
usually  described  as  stern  and  inexorable,  in  an  interview 
with  Lord  Edward's  father-in-law,  Mr.  Ogilvie,  expressed 
himself,  says  Moore,  with  the  most  friendly  warmth  on 
the  subject,  ''  For  Ood/s  sake  get  this  young  man  out  of  the 
country ;  the  porta  shall  he  thrown  open  to  you,  and  no 
hinderance  offered.^'  A  most  generous  offer !  But  Lord 
Edward  was  immoveable.  In  vain  Mr.  Ogilvie  tried  every 
means  of  argument  and  persuasion ;  he  replied,  ''  It  is  now 
out  of  the  question  ;  I  am  too  deeply  pledged  to  these  men 
to  be  able  to  withdraw  with  honour.^'  No  alternative 
remained  to  the  Government.  A  proclamation,  offering 
a  thousand  pounds  for  his  arrest  was  issued,  and  in  May, 


POLITICAL    SERIES.  157 

1798,  he  was  discovered  and  arrested  at  the  hoase  of 
Marphy,  a  feather  merchant,  in  Thomas  Street,  Dublin. 
Lord  Edward  Fitzgerald  had  only  just  finished  his  dinner 
with  Murphy  and  Neilson,  and  retired  to  his  bed-room, 
and  laid  down  on  his  bed  without  his  coat,  when  the  Town 
Major  Sirr,  Major  Swan,  who  was  a  magistrate,  and  Mr. 
Byan  the  publisher  of  Faulkener's  Journal,  entered  the 
room.  Lord  Edward  shot  Mr.  Byan  in  the  stomach  (the 
wound  proved  mortal),  and  wounded  Swan  with  a  dagger 
in  two  places.  Lord  Edward  was  himself  wounded  in  the 
right  arm,  by  a  pistol  discharged  at  him  by  Major  Sirr, 
and  after  lingering  a  considerable  time,  died  on  the  3rd 
of  June  from  the  efiects  of  the  wound. 

It  is  difficult  to  sketch  a  character  of  this  unfortunate 
nobleman,  who  in  private  life  was  uniformly  courteous, 
frank,  conciliatory,  and  generous,  a  good  son,  an  affec- 
tionate brother,  and  a  most  tender  husband  and  fond 
father.  The  latter  portion  of  his  public  life  unfortunately 
presents  a  melancholy  contrast : 


**  We  scarcely  can  praise  him,  or  blame  him  too  much." 

A  writer  in  the  Quarterly  Review  (we  believe  Mr. 
Croker)  writes  thus  :  "  Johnson  said,  that  he  '  delighted  in 
that  intellectual  chemistry,  which  can  separate  good  quali- 
ties from  evil  in  the  same  person.'  It  is  easy  to  make  this 
separation  in  the  case  of  Lord  Edward  Fitzgerald.  In  his 
private  relations  the  generosity  of  his  better  nature  were 
manifest ;  his  errors  (to  use  the  lightest  term)  are  &tally 
exemplified  in  that  portion  of  his  life  which  belongs  un- 
happily to  the  history  of  his  country." — (Quarterly  Review, 
vol.  xUv.  p.  213.) 

He  must  have  been  an  extraordinary  man,  who  could 
conciliate  the  esteem  of  men  of  such  different  views 
and  opinions.  Party  feelings  too  often  embitter  the 
conduct  of  political  opponents,  and  dismember  private 
friendships.     The  Prince  of  Wales  was  anxious  to  interfere 


158  gillray's  caricatures. 

in  his  belialf^  and  declared  he  would  have  written  to  Lord 
Chancellor  Clare  to  endeavour  to  obtain  a  delay  of  his 
trials  until  the  passions  of  men  should  be  cooler^  but  was 
afraid  to  do  harm.*  The  Duke  of  York  actually  did  write 
to  Lord  Clare^  and  was  successful  in  his  application.f 
The  Duke  of  Portland,  Secretary  of  State,  wrote  con- 
solatory letters  to  his  family,  and  sent  them  bulletins  of 
Lord  Edward's  health.  We  have  already  stated  the 
unsolicited  benevolence  of  Lord  Clare.  Major-General 
Sir  John  Doyle,  under  whom  he  had  served,  writes  thus 
after  his  death  :  '^  Of  my  lamented  and  ill-fated  friend  I 
should  never  tire  of  speaking ;  I  never  knew  so  loveable  a 
person,  and  every  man  in  the  army,  from  the  General  to 
the  drummer,  would  cheer  the  expression.*'  It  is  almost 
superfluous  to  say  his  relatives  were  overwhelmed  with 
affliction  at  his  unhappy  fate. j: 

Who  does  not  heave  a  sigh,  and  wish  that  such  talents 
and  good  qualities  had  been  beneficially  employed  in 
upholding  the  laws,  constitution,  and  real  interests  of  his 
country.  Cum  Talis  Esset,  utinam  Noster  Essst! — 
The  afiectionate  solicitude  of  his  father-in-law,  Mr.  Ogilvie, 
for  Lord  Edward  during  his  life,  and  his  unremitted  ex- 
ertions for  the  welfere  of  his  widow  and  children  are 
beyond  all  praise.  By  his  unwearied  perseverance,  united 
with  those  of  Lord  Edward's  family,  the  Prince  Regent 
consented  that  a  Bill  should  be  passed  to  repeal  his 
attainder.     When  the  Bill  was  brought  into  the  House  of 

*  It  is  pleasing  to  record  that  the  Frinoe  Regent  evinced  his  regard  for  the 
memory  of  Lord  Edward  by  giving  his  only  son  a  conmiission  in  his  own 
regiment,  the  10th,  as  soon  as  the  youth  attained  his  sixteenth  year.  It  is 
equally  pleasing  to  add  he  did  credit  to  the  appointment. 

t  The  Duke  of  York,  who  h  ad  always  been  much  attached  to  Lord  Edward , 
expressed  a  wish  to  obtain  some  relic  of  his  lamented  friend.  Mr.  Watson 
Taylor,  who  had  been  private  Secretary  to  Lord  Camden,  hearing  this,  pre- 
sented to  him  the  Rebel  uniform  of  Lord  Edward  j  what  has  become  of  it 
since  the  Duke's  death  is  not  known. 

{  See  Moore*s  Life  of  Lord  Edward  Fitzgerald,  poMim, 


POLITICAL   SERIES. 


159 


Lords,  Lord  Holland  was  affected  to  tears,  and  pronounced 
it  *'  the  act  of  a  wise,  gracious,  and  high-minded  Prince  /^ 
and  the  Muse  of  Byron  celebrated  the  Royal  clemency. 

207*. 

EXTIRPATION  OF  THE  PLAGUES  OF  EGYPT- 
DESTRUCTION  OF  REVOLUTIONARY  CROCO- 
DILES;— OR,  THE  BRITISH  HERO  CLEANSING 
THE  MOUTH  OF  THE  ND^E.  Oct  6th,  1798. 

NELSON. 

On  the  battle  of  the  Nile,  August  1,  1798.  The  news 
of  this  great  event  arrived  at  the  beginning  of  October,  on 
the  4th  of  which  month  the  metropolis  was  illuminated. 


208. 

JOHN  BULL  TAKING  A  LUNCHEON;  or,  BRITISH 
COOKS  CRAMMING  OLD  GRUMBLE  GIZZARD 
WITH  GOOD  CHEER.  Oct.  2Uh,  1798. 

SHSSIUAN.  FOX.  ADMIRALS   WARREN,    GARDINER,   HOWE^ 

BRIDPORT,   NELSON,    ST.   VINCENT,    DUNCAN. 

On  the  splendid  victories  which  crowned  the  British 
navy  at  this  period.  Fox,  Sheridan,  and  the  Whigs,  who, 
it  was  pretended,  sympathized  with  the  republican  French, 
are  alarmed  in  the  utmost  degree,  at  the  destruction 
which  is  going  on. 

• 

209. 

NELSON'S  VICTORY;  or,  GOOD  NEWS  OPE- 
RATING   UPON   LOYAL    FEELINGS. 

Oct.  Zrd,  1 798. 

8IB  F.   BUBDKTT.        DUKE   OF  NORFOLK.         LORD  LANSDOWNE. 
DDKS  OF  BEDFORD.       SHERIDAN.        BKSEIN£.        FOX. 

Another  satire  on  the  supposed  mortification  of  the 

n 


160  gillray's  caricatures. 

Whigs  at  the  destruction  of  the  French  fleet.  The  leaders 
of  the  party  are  expressing  their  feelings  in  a  variety  of 
difierent  ways.  They  had  predicted  a  very  different  ter- 
mination of  the  war. 


210. 

STEALING  OFF;  or,  PRUDENT  SECESSION. 

Nav.  6th,  1798. 

BHUCKBOROUGH.     EBSKINE.     BURDETT.     TIERNET.      SHERIDAN. 

M.  A.  TAYLOR.     FOX.     LORD  GRET  (as  a  Grcyhound). 

On  the  secession  of  Fox  from  Parliament  during  this 
session,  to  lament,  as  his  party  said,  in  his  retirement, 
the  evils  which  his  zeal  and  talents  coold  not  avert.  The 
Tories  said,  on  the  contrary,  that  he  had  deserted  his  post, 
because  he  could  no  longer  conceal  his  mortification,  that 
all  his  endeavours  to  do  mischief  had  failed ;  and  he  is 
here  represented  making  his  exit  in  a  panic,  caused  by 
the  discoveries  of  his  pretended  secret  practices  with  the 
Irish  rebels,  and  by  the  recent  successes  of  Government, 
accompanied  only  by  his  two  feithful  dogs,  Grey  and  the 
diminutive  M.  A.  Taylor.  Sheridan  and  the  rest  of  the 
party  keep  their  places,  although  thrown  into  the  utmost 
confusion  by  the  overthrow  of  their  hopes. 


211. 
THE  HERO  OF  THE  NILE.  Dec.  Ut,  1798. 

NELSON. 

The  hero  of  the  Nile  dressed  in  and  attended  with  the 
honours  and  rewards  which  were  showered  upon  him  for 
that  great  achievement.  In  the  month  of  November  Lord 
Nelson  was  licensed  by  royal  authority  to  bear  the  follow- 
ing augmentations  to  his  armorial  ensigns,  viz.  '^  A  chief 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  161 

undulated  argent,  thereon  waves  of  the  sea,  from  which  a 
palm  tree,  issuant  between  a  disabled  ship  on  the  dexter, 
and  a  ruinous  battery  on  the  sinister,  all  proper;^'  and,  for 
his  crest,  '^  on  a  naval  crown,  or,  the  chelengk,  or  plume 
of  triumph,^'  presented  to  him  by  the  Sultan,  as  an  acknow- 
ledgment of  his  services  in  the  recent  great  victory ;  with 
the  motto,  Palmam  qui  meruit  ferat  ;^  and  to  his  original 
supporters,  which  were  a  sailor  on  the  dexter,  and  a  lion 
on  the  sinister,  he  was  allowed  the  augmentations  fol- 
lowing, viz.  *'  In  the  hand  of  the  sailor,  a  palm  branch, 
and  another  in  the  paw  of  the  lion,  both  proper,  with  the 
addition  of  a  tri-coloured  flag  and  staff  in  the  mouth  of  the 
latter/' 

Gillray  has  represented  Nelson's  arms,  as  thus  aug- 
mented, with  some  slight  improvements  of  his  own. 

212. 

FIGHTING  FOR  THE  DUNGHILL;  ok,  JACK  TAR 
SETTLING  BONAPARTE.  Nov.  20th,  1798. 

John  Bull  giving  Boney  his  '^  bellyful."     Tliis  subject 
needs  no  explanation. 

213. 

DESTRUCTION  OF  THE  FRENCH  COLOSSUS. 

Nov.  Ut,  1798. 

Another  illustration  of  the  feeling  of  exultation  caused 
in  England  by  the  recent  successes  of  the  British  flag. 

*  Palmam  qui  meruit  ferat.  We  have  often  been  asked  from  what  author 
the  motto  of  Lord  Nelson's  arms  is  taken.  The  words  occur  in  the  last 
itansa  of  an  ode  of  Jortin,  '*  Ad  Ventos/'  written  in  1727.  We  will  tran- 
teribe  the  passage,  that  a  reader  who  may  not  be  already  acquainted  with 
it,  may  see  the  peculiar  felicity  of  the  application. 

*'  Concurrant  pariter  ratibus  rate^  : 
Spectent  Numina  Ponti,  et 

Palmam  qui  meruit,  ferat.** 
See  Jortiu's  Tracts,  vol.  i.  p.  17. 

11  * 


162  OILLRAY^S   CARICATURES. 

The  colossus  of  French  revolutionary  tyranny  was  not, 
however,  yet  overthrown,  and  it  required  some  years  to 
fulfil  the  anticipations  embodied  in  this  allegory. 


214. 

IMPROVEMENT  IN  WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES ; 
OR,  SIR  JOHN  SINCLAIR  DISCOVERING  THE 
BALANCE    OF   THE   BRITISH   FLAG. 

Dec.  let,  1798. 

SIR  JOHN   SINCLAIR. 

In  this  print  the  tall  figure  of  Sir  John  Sinclair  is  seen 
weighing,  with  a  pair  of  stilliards,  "the  Navy  of  England," 
with  the  following  inscriptions — 'Ho  be  retained,  viz. 
50,000  Seamen,  and  half  a  dozen  Ships  of  War,  and 
6,000,000  Sailors  to  be  sent  to  plant  Potatoes/'  "  Advan- 
tages  of  Cold  GBconomy/'     ''  10,000  heavy  Reasons  for 
giving  the  Enemy  a  fair  Chance  of  getting  out  of  their 
Ports.''      Vegetables,   &c.,  are   attached,  and  a   cap    of 
liberty,  with  a  tri-coloured  cockade,  depends  from  the  bot- 
tom.   Across  the  beam  of  the  stilliards  is  inscribed  '*  Vive 
l'Egalite  ;"  round  the  staflT  of  the  stilliards  the  flag  of 
the  British  navy  is  entwined.     Behind  him  is  seen  "  A 
Table  of  Weights  and  Measures,  laid  down  upon  the  true 
democratic  principle  of  the  Stilliards  of  Egalite."     By  his 
side  are  '*  Improvement  in  the  Art  of  Political  Dunging,'* 
''  Pursuits  of  Agriculture,"  "  The  Apostate  Laird,"  a  Par- 
liamentary Romance,  together  with  the  ^'Loss  of  the  Agri- 
cultural Chair,"*  &c.      Sir  John  Sinclair  is  astonished  to 
see  the  British  flag  in  the  ascendancy,  and  completely 
outweigh  the  collective  objects  of  his  favourite  pursuits. 
This  spirited  caricature  was  provoked  by  a  speech  of 

*  An  allusion  to  the  Ministers  turning  him  ont  of  the  Presidential  Chair 
of  the  Board  of  Agriculture. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  163 

Sir  John  Sinclair  on  the  Navy  Estimates  on  the  27th 
of  November,  1798.  On  the  preceding  day  Lord  Arden, 
one  of  the  Lords  of  the  Admiralty,  had  moved  that 
120,000  men  be  employed  for  the  sea  service.  The  next 
day,  on  the  bringing  up  the  Report,  Sir  John  said — '^  He 
hesitated  not  to  declare  that  110,000  men  was  the  utmost 
to  which  we  could  possibly  go,  with  any  attention  to  pro- 
priety. The  principal  grounds  on  which  he  rested  this 
opinion  was,  the  ruined  state  of  the  French  navy,  and  the 
skill  and  spirit  uniformly  displayed  by  our  own.  He 
nrged  the  necessity  of  public  economy,  and  the  prudence 
of  a  gradual  disbandment  of  our  soldiers  and  sailors,  and 
leaving  hands  sufficient  for  the  purposes  of  agriculture  and 
commerce/'     (See  Hansard,  vol.  xxxiii.  p.  1562.) 

Mr.  (afterwards  Sir  John  Sinclair),  may  justly  be  ranked 
amongst  the  eminent  men  of  the  reign  of  Greorge  III.  He 
was  bom  in  Thurso  Castle,  in  the  county  of  Caithness,  on 
lOih  of  May,  1754.  At  the  general  election  in  1780,  he 
was  returned  to  Parliament  as  representative  of  his  native 
county,  and  continued  a  member  of  the  House  of  Commons 
for  upwards  of  thirty  years.  He  entered  Parliament  un- 
fettered by  party  connections,  and  gave  his  support  to 
Lord  North.  He  was  an  assiduous  attendant  on  his  Par- 
liamentary  duties,  and  soon  evinced  talents,  and  a  know- 
ledge of  business.  We  shall,  however,  pass  at  once  to 
the  formation  of  Pittas  administration  in  1784,  as  he 
then  began  to  take  a  more  active  and  prominent  part  in 
general  politics  and  financial  measures.  The  celebrated 
Westminster  Scrutiny  engaged  public  attention,  and 
was  generally  condemned  by  the  friends,  as  well  as  the 
opponents,  of  the  Minister.  It  was  viewed  as  a  measure 
intended  to  ruin  a  rival  by  the  enormity  of  the  expense,. 
and  each  member  considered  a  similar  engine,  might  be 
employed  against  himself  at  some  future  election.  Early 
in  1785,  Mr.  Sinclair  addressed  a  private  remonstrance  to 
the  Minister,  poiutod  out  in  very  friendly,  but  energetic 


164  GILLRAT's   CAKiCATUfiES. 

terms,  the  unpopularity  of  the  scrutiny,  and  suggfosted  a 
mode  of  putting  an  end  to  it  without  discredit,  or  appear- 
ance of  defeat.  The  unwelcome  communication  made  no 
impression  on  Pitt,  and  in  the  plentitude  of  his  power,  he 
was  deserted  by  his  friends,  and  left  in  a  minority,  and 
Mr.  Fox  seated  for  JVestminster.  Mr.  Pitt  had  also  the 
mortification  of  receiving  from  the  King  a  private  letter, 
on  March  20,  1785,  in  which  he  complains  of  having 
heard  that,  Mr.  Pitt  had  stated  to  some  of  his  friends,  that 
his  motion  for  Parliamentary  Reform  had  been  defeated 
by  the  secret  influence  of  his  Majesty,  and  the  King 
adds  this  cutting  sarcasm,  ^'  The  conduct  of  some  of  Mr. 
Pitt's  most  intimate  friends  on  the  Westminster  Scrutiny, 
shews,  there  are  questions,  men  will  not,  by  friendship,  be 
biassed  to  adopt.''  (See  Tomline's  Life  of  Pitt,  vol.  i. 
4to.  p.  450.)  Mr.  Sinclair  also  privately  remonstrated 
with  Mr.  Pitt  on  some  of  the  clauses  in  his  East  India 
Bill,  and  reminded  him  that,  as  we  had  recently  lost 
America,  chiefly  through  unwise  Parliamentary  Legisla- 
tion, how  necessary  it  was  to  guard  against  exciting  any 
jealousy  among  the  East  Indians.  Neither  remonstrance 
produced  an  eflect,  and  Sinclair  began  to  suspect  that  the 
young  minister  was  impatient  of  control  or  remonstrance, 
either  public  or  private- — perhaps,  however,  it  may  be  fair 
to  surmise  that  the  member  for  Caithness  did  not  view  with 
complacency  the  neglect  of  his  useful  suggestions. 

In  1785  Mr.  Sinclair  put  forth  the  first  volume,  in 
quarto,  of  an  important  work,  a  "  History  of  the  Public 
Bevenue  from  the  earliest  Period  to  the  Time  of  Publica- 
tion." No  similar  work  had  appeared ;  particular  periods 
had  been  treated  of,  but  no  systematic  history,  embracing 
the  whole  financial  history  of  the  British  empire  had  been 
published.  The  utility,  accuracy,  and  value  of  this  work 
was  universally  recognised  by  the  statesmen  of  the  period. 
In  the  course  of  the  work  he  had  occasion  to  institute  a 
comparison  bctwceu  the  sysstcm  of  Uvxation  adopted  iu 


POUTICAL   SERIES.  165 

England  and  France,  and  condemned  the  unequal  system 
of  taxation  and  class  exemption  which  prevailed  in  France, 
and  the  general  corruption  in  the  administration  of  the 
finances  of  that  country.  He  adds  this  remarkable  ob- 
servation (the  reader  will  recollect  it  was  written  in  1785), 
it  may  be  considered  the  earliest  prediction  of  the  French 
Eevolution.  "The  Court  of  France,  like  every  other 
arbitrary  administration,  is  nothing  but  a  faction,  confe- 
derated together  for  the  government  of  that  great  and 
powerful  kingdom;  and  this  faction  is  upheld,  and  re- 
ceives perpetual  accessions  from  the  hopes  that  every 
individual  belonging  to  it  entertains  of  having  some 
share  in  the  plunder  of  the  nation.  But  if  ever  these 
hopes  are  destroyed, — if  ever  frugality  is  carried  to  any 
extreme, — if  all  expectations  of  sharing  in  the  spoils, — if 
these  public  hopes  are  annihilated, — ^if  the  power  of  the 
&ction  should  cease,  a  revolution  would  be  the 
CONSEQUENCE.'^  The  embarrassment  of  the  French  finances 
induced  Lewis  XVI.  to  call  Necker  to  his  councils.  He 
discharged  the  duties  of  First  Minister  of  Finance  with 
zeal  and  ability,  and  introduced  a  real  and  substantial 
reform  in  the  administration  of  the  French  system  of  taxa- 
tion. The  consequences  predicted  by  Sinclair  in  1785 
followed, — the  Revolution  ensued.  We  have  already  stated 
that  the  publication  of  Sinclair's  '^  History  of  the  Revenue'' 
was  received  with  general  approbation,  and  it  has  sustained 
its  reputation.  Many  years  afterwards,  Mr.  Rush,  the 
American  Ambassador  in  London,  asked  Mr.  Vansittart, 
the  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  "  What  was  regarded  as 
the  best  account  of  the  British  finances  ?"  He  said,  ^^  It 
was  difficult  to  arrive  at  a  knowledge  of  them  from  any 
single  work ;  but,  on  the  whole,  he  considered  Sir  John 
Sinclair's,  for  the  period  it  embraced,  as  the  most  satisfac- 
tory."* (See  Rush's  Account  of  his  Residence  in  London.) 
In  1784,  Mr.  Pitt  had  offered  a  baronetcy  to  Mr.  Sin- 

*  The  beiit  Edition  is  io  3  vols.  8vo. 


166  oillray's  caricatures. 

clair;  and^  on  the  2iid  of  November^  wrote  a  letter^  telliiig 
him  he  had  been  rambling  in  the  country  during  the 
Becess^  but  he  should  return  to  town  very  shortly,  and 
would  see  it  carried  into  eflTect.     As  the  baronetcy  was  not 
conferred  until  the  14th  of  February,  1786,  we  many  infer 
*'the  Friendly  Bemonstrances,''  and  some  symptoms  of 
independent  voting  might  defer  the  creation.     The  ba- 
ronetcy did  not,  however,  compromise  his  independence,  as 
was  soon  evinced  by  his  conduct  in  the  proceedings  against 
Warren  Hastings.    He  considered  Hastings  had  supported 
the  interests,  extended  the  empire  of  the  English  in  the 
East  Indies,  and  enriched  his  native  country  by  his  able 
government.  He  therefore  voted  against  his  impeachment, 
more  particularly  as  the  proceedings  against  him  appeared 
to  be  carried  on  with  a  spirit  of  persecution,  rather  than 
the  calmness  of  a  judicial  inquiry.     He  was  indignant  that 
his  independent  vote,  in  a  solemn  legal  investigation,  should 
give  offence.     In  a  letter  to  Hastings,  he  says,  '^  but,  after 
all,  there  are  many  difficulties  to  struggle  with.  I  am  much 
less  afraid  of  your  open  enemies  than  of  hollow  friends. 
I  suspect  that  Pitt  and  Dundas  are  particularly  hostile. 
They  have  never  forgiven  me  for  voting  against  the  im- 
peachment, and  are  now  so  inveterate  as  to  be  actually 
carrying  on  an  opposition  to  me  in  my  own  county,  with 
every  exertion  of  influence  that  Government  can  muster." 
Sinclair  became  now  gradually  estranged  from  Pitt.     He 
supported  Fox  on  the  Regency  Question. 

In  1790  he  formed  the  project  of  a  Statistical  History  of 
Scotland,  an  undertaking  which,  at  that  time,  had  never 
been  paralleled  by  an  individual,  wo  believe  we  might  add, 
nor  by  any  society  nor  public  institution  in  Europe.  He 
proposed  to  publish  an  account  of  every  Parish  in  Scotland, 
its  History,  Antiquities,  Population,  Habits,  and  the  Condi- 
tion of  the  People,  and  of  its  Soil,  Cultivation,  and  Present 
Stiito.  This  gigantic  effort,  and  the  expenses  attending 
it,  might  well  hiive  appiillcd  the  st<jutest  nerves  ;  but  he 


POLITICiX  SERIES.  167 

delighted  in  overcoming  difficulties.  He  saw  at  once  that 
this  object  could  only  be  obtained  by  the  assistance  of  the 
parochial  clergy  of  Scotland^  and  he  resolved  to  enlist  the 
sympathy  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Church  of 
Scotland.  That  intelligent  body  entered  immediately  into 
his  views,  and  passed  an  unanimous  vote  to  contribute, 
with  all  expedition  in  their  power,  to  complete  a  work  of 
such  apparent  utility.  Thus  encouraged,  and  with  a  view 
to  give  an  uniformity  to  his  work,  he  drew  up  a  series  of 
one  hundred  and  sixty  queries,  arranged  under  the  heads 
of  '^  Geography,  Natural  History,  Population,  Productions, 
and  Miscellaneous  subjects.'^  The  success  was  beyond  his 
most  sanguine  expectations.  The  first  volume  waB  pub- 
lished in  1791,*  and  the  entire  work  was  eventually  com- 
pleted in  21  vols.  8vo.  In  1825  he  published  an  Analysis, 
or  condensed  account  of  the  whole  in  2  vols.  8vo.  A  new 
and  revised  edition  of  the  entire  work  has  been  printed 
since  his  death. 

His  activity  was  untiring:  he  now  became  the  chief 
promoter  of  the  African  Association,  whose  object  was  to 
promote  the  cause  of  science  and  humanity,  "  The  result 
of  their  labours,^^  says  Murray,  *'  has  thrown  new  lustre 
on  the  British  name,  and  widely  extended  the  boundaries 
of  human  knowledge.^'  (See  Murray^s  African  Discove- 
ries, vol.  i.  p.  5.) 

Among  the  most  valuable  services  to  the  public  per- 
formed by  Sir  John  Sinclair  was  the  formation  of  a  '^  So- 
ciety for  the  Improvement  of  British  Wool,'^  at  Edinburgh, 
in  January,  1791,  "which,  says  the  Rev.  J.  Sinclair,  the 

*  It  U  remarkable  that  the  words  Statistics  and  Statistical  were  so  little 
known  in  the  British  Noroenclataro  of  Economic  Science,  that  they  could 
not  be  found  in  any  English  Dictionary.  Walker  adopted  them,  and  Todd 
has  introduced  them  into  his  edition  of  Johnson's  English  Dictionary  ;  and 
Bichardson,  in  his  admirable  Dictionary,  thus  inserts  "  Statistick  (Fr.  Statis- 
tiqae)  is  a  word  for  which  we  are  said  to  be  indebted  to  a  living  writer  (mean- 
ing Sir  John  Sinclair).  Statistic  is  applied  to  every  thing  that  pertains  to  a 
State — its  population,  soil,  produce,  &c." 


168  GILLRAY^S   CARICATURES. 

depressed  state  of  pastoral  economy,  rendered  peculiarly 
necessary.  Wool  had  for  centuries  been  the  staple  com- 
modity of  Great  Britain,*  but  attention  to  it  had  of  late 
been  most  strangely  .  neglected,  and  few  combined  a 
theoretical  with  a  practical  knowledge  of  the  subject. 
The  consequence  was,  English  Wool,  had  greatly  dete- 
riorated/' The  Society  proved  eminently  beneficial  in 
reviving  due  attention  to  this  national  object. 

We  will  now  conduct  the  reader  to  the  breaking  out 
of  the  war  in  1 793.  England  had  enjoyed  ten  years  peace, 
and  the  commercial  treaty  with  France  had  led  to  an 
extensive  trade  with  that  country.  No  sooner  was  war 
declared,  than  a  sudden  stoppage  of  the  exports  to  that 
country  ensued.  The  unexpected  event  struck  terror 
into  the  merchants.  Perhaps  the  greatest  commercial 
panic  which  had  ever  occurred  in  Great  Britain,  now  pre- 
vailed. Universal  distrust  predominated  throughout  the 
kingdom.  To  add  to  the  calamity,  the  Bank  and 
Bankers,  refused  to  discount  to  any  extent  for  their  best 
and  oldest  customers.  The  trade  of  the  merchants  and 
manufacturers,  might  be  said  to  be  suspended.  The 
Ministers  seemed  astounded  and  paralysed  by  the  extent 
of  the  commercial  convulsion.  But  neither  they,  nor  the 
merchants  themselves,  could  suggest  any  plan  for  the  relief 
or  mitigation  of  the  general  distress;  when  Sir  John  Sinclair 
communicated  to    Dundas  a  plan  he   had  devised,  and 


tf 


*  In  a  scarce  and  canons  little  volume,  entitled  **  The  Oolden  Fleeoet' 
by  W.  S.,  1657,  12mo.  p.  2,  the  following  enthusiastic  panegyric  on  the 
importance  of  wool  to  the  trade,  manufactares,  and  prosperity  of  England, 
occnrs.  It  woold  have  delighted  Sir  John  Sinclair.  *'  Wool  is  thb  flowkr 

AKD    BTBKNOTH,  THE  REVENUE  AKD  BLOUD  OF   EnOLAKD  ;    a  bond  Uniling 

the  people  into  societies  and  fraternities  for  their  own  utility  }  the  milk  and 
honey  of  the  grazier  and  countryman,  the  gold  and  spices  of  the  West  and 
Kast  India  to  the  merchant  and  citizen  ;  in  a  vrord,  the  Exchequer  of 
Wealth,  and  Sceptre  of  Protection  to  them,  as  well  at  home  as  abroad, 
and  therefore  of  full  merit  to  be  had  in  remembrance,  defence,  and  encou- 
ragement.'' 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  169 

desired  him  to  lay  it  before  Pitt.  The  Minister  was 
struck  with  its  originalitj,  boldness,  and  efficacy  of  the 
plan,  but  alarmed  at  the  extent  of  the  risk  the  nation 
would  incur  by  its  adoption. 

Mr.  Pitt  desired   an   interview    with    Sir   John,  who 
convinced  him  both  of  the  expediency  and  safety  of  the 
proposed  plan  for  the  relief  of  trade.      The  proposition 
was,  that  an  Act  should  be  passed  authorising  His  Majesty 
to  issue  five  millions  of  Exchequer  bills,  which  twenty 
unpaid  Commissioners  should  be  empowered  to  lend  in 
various  sums  to  merchants  and  traders,  who  could  give 
adequate  security  for  the  repayment.     The  Act  was  passed 
in  May  1793.      The  effect  was  almost  magical.     Trade 
revived,  and  confidence  was  restored ;  and  so  beneficial 
was  the  result  of  this  bold  and  novel  operation,  that  it 
has  since  been  successfully  repeated  in  periods  of  com- 
mercial panic.     The  projection  and  organization  of  this 
measure  was  sufficient  to  confer  celebrity  on  any  man ; 
and  so   sensible   was   Mr.  Pitt   of  the   magnitude   and 
value  of  the  benefit  derived  by  the  public,  that  he  very 
honourably  proclaimed  it  in  the  most  unqualified  manner, 
and   in  a  letter  addressed   to   Sir  John  Sinclair,  says, 
"  there  is  no  man  to  whom  Government  is  more  indebted 
for  support  and  useful  information  on  various  occasions 
than  to  yourself,  and  if  you  have  any  object  in  view,  I 
should  attend  to  it  with  pleasure/'      Sir  John  Sinclair 
replied  to  this  courteous  letter,  that "  he  sought  no  favour 
on  his  own  behalf,  but  that  the  reward  most  gratifying 
to  his  feelings,  would  be  the  support  of  the  Minister  to 
the  Institution  by  Parliament  of  a  great  national  Corpo- 
ration, to  be  called  the  Board  ov  Aobiculture.''     An- 
other interview   took    place   between  Mr.  Pitt  and  Sir 
J.  Sinclair.      The   Minister  consented  to  the  establish- 
ment of  a  Board  of  Agriculture,  with  an  annual  allowance 
of  £3500,  to  be  placed  under  the  management  of  unpaid 


170  oillbat's  caricatubbs. 

Commissioners.  With  the  sanction  of  the  Minister, 
therefore.  Sir  J.  Sinclair  introduced  a  Bill  into  Parlia- 
ment, on  the  15th  of  May,  1793,  ''he  pointed  out  the 
advantages  which  would  result  from  an  improved  breed 
of  Farming  Stock,  from  Improved  Instruments  of  Hus- 
baudry,  and  from  the  general  adoption  of  useful  practices 
peculiar  to  certain  districts,  and  also  from  the  introduc- 
tion of  foreign  discoveries  in  Agriculture  into  our  own 
country.'* 

The  Act  was  passed,  and  he  was  unanimously  elected 
President  at  the  first  meeting  of  the  Board.  He  continued 
to  preside  over  it  for  several  years ;  but  having  been  dis- 
satisfied with  the  management  of  the  war,  and  the  prodigal 
expenditure  of  the  Government,  he  took  an  active  part  in 
the  formation  of  a  Third  Party,  whose  great  objects 
were  to  procure  Peace ;  and  if  peace  were  unattainable, 
to  carry  on  the  war  with  greater  vigour,  united  with  greater 
economy ;  and  also  to  efiect  some  Reform  in  the  Repre- 
sentation of  the  People.  Upon  this  the  Ministers  resolved 
to  eject  him  from  the  Presidential  Chair  of  the  Board  of 
Agriculture.  This  was  effected  with  great  difficulty,  and  only 
by  the  votes  of  the  official  members,  who  voted  in  right 
of  their  offices,  and  who  had  never  attended  before ;  yet 
oven  by  those  means  Ministers  only  carried  the  election 
against  him  by  a  majority  of  one.  Many  of  the  Tory 
members  were  disgusted  by  the  exercise  of  Ministerial 
influence  in  the  election  of  the  President  of  a  purely 
Scientific  Institution.  A  vote  of  thanks  for  his  conduct 
in  the  chair  passed  unanimously,  and  was  ordered  to  be 
transmitted  to  him  by  the  newly  elected  President,  Lord 
Somervillo,  who  had  allowed  his  name  to  be  put  in  nomi- 
nation with  the  greatest  reluctance.  The  Archbishop  of 
York  (Dr.  Markham),  wrote  a  letter  of  condolence  to 
him,  in  which  he  stated  that,  '^  he  had  been  applied  to  by 
Ministers,  but  that  he  would  not  be  made  a  tool  to  do  a 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  171 

dishononrable  act."  Eight  years  afterwards,  on  the  death 
of  Lord  Somerville,  he  was  earnestly  solicited  to  resume 
the  Presidentship,  and  he  consented. 

His  agricultural  reputation  was  not  confined  to  his  own 
country.  In  April,  1800,  Otto,  the  Ambassador  from  the 
Consular  Government  of  France,  applied  to  Sir  John 
Sinclair,  for  a  list  of  the  Works  relating  to  Agriculture, 
as  were  most  likely  to  promote  the  internal  improvement 
of  France.  While  complying  with  this  request.  Sir  John 
Sinclair  inclosed  copies  of  a  paper  he  had  drawn  up  on 
experimental  farms  and  circular  cottages.  The  French 
Government  transmitted  his  plans  and  papers  to  the 
National  Institute,  who  submitted  them  to  the  examination 
of  two  of  their  members,  Tessier  and  Cels,  who  reported 
favourably  on  them.  The  National  Institute  voted  their 
thanks  to  Sir  John,  and  expressed  their  admiration  of  his 
exertions  in  the  cause  of  humanity. 

We  may  now  hurry  over  the  remaining  portion  of  his 
life.  Mr.  Percival  considered  Sir  John  had  rendered  such 
important  services  by  his  speeches  and  pamphlets  on  the 
Bullion  Question,  or,  as  Cobbett  would  have  called  it,  in 
the  contest  of  "  Paper  against  Gold,*'  that  in  July,  1811, 
he  appointed  him  Cashier  of  the  Board  of  Excise  in  Scot- 
land, with  a  salary  of  £2000  per  annum  ;  "  a  sum  (says 
his  son,  the  Rev.  John  Sinclair),  much  smaller  than  the 
interest  of  the  debt  he  had  accumulated  as  President  of 
the  Board  of  Agriculture.^'  This  appointment  disquali- 
fied him  from  sitting  in  the  House  of  Commons,  and  his 
public  life  may  be  said  to  have  terminated. 

In  1807  he  had  published  his  Code  of  Health  and  Lon- 
gevity. In  1811  he  published  his  Code  of  Agriculture, 
in  one  volume  octavo.  Mr.  Coke,  of  Norfolk  (an  oracle 
on  this  subject)  told  Mr.  Rush,  '*  He  considered  the  Code 
of  Agriculture,  the  most  useful  work  on  the  subject." 
We  shall  conclude  with  Sir  John  Sinclair's  remarks  on 
the  Codean  System.     '*  The  object  of  this  system  was  the 


172  oillbay's  caricatures. 

Condensation  of  Human  Knowledge.  Knowledge  (he  osed 
to  say)  scattered  promiscaonsly  through  a  multitude  of 
books^  resembles  ore  in  a  mine ;  but  knowledge  collected, 
arranged  and  condensed,  is  like  the  pure  metal  separated 
from  the  dross,  substantial,  portable,  accessible  and  useful/' 
(See  the  Rev.  J.  Sinclair's  Life  of  his  Father,  passim.) 

Sir  John  Sinclair  died  May  21,  1835.  His  family 
wished  the  funeral  to  have  been  strictly  private,  but  the 
magistrates  of  Edinburgh,  and  a  deputation  from  the 
Highland  Society,  requested  permission  to  pay  their  last 

TRIBUTE  OF  RESPECT  TO  A  MAN  WHOM  THET  CONSIDERED  TO 
HAVE  BEEN  A  PUBLIC  BENEFACTOR. 

215. 

HORRORS  OF  THE  IRISH  UNION;  BOTHERA- 
TION  OF  POOR  PAT ;  or,  A  WHISPER  ACROSS 
THE  CHANNEL,  Dec.  2Uh,  1798. 

TIERNEY.  FOX.  M.   A.   TATLOR. 

A  humorous  caricature  on  the  opposition  shewn  to  the 
project  of  the  Irish  Union,  when  it  was  first  agitated  at  the 
end  of  1798,  after  the  entire  suppression  of  the  rebellion. 
Pat  is  thoroughly  ''  bothered  '*  between  the  alluring  ofiers 
of  the  lady  (Britannia),  and  the  awful  warnings  of  the 
Opposition. 

216. 

MEETING  OF  THE   MONIED  INTEREST;— CON- 

STITUTIONAL  OPPOSITION  TO  THE  TEN  PER 

CENT.;— i.e.  JOHN  BULL'S  FRIENDS  ALARMED 

BY  THE  NEW  TAX.  Dec.  ISth,  1798. 

8IR  W.  PULTENET.  LORDMOIRA.  COL.TARLETON.  SIR  J.  SINCLAIR. 
TIERNBT.  M.  A.  TAYLOR.  HORNE  TOOKE.  LORD  STANHOPE. 
FOX.  SIR  J.  SHUCEBOROUGH.  ERSKINE.  DUKE  OF  BEDFORD. 
D.  OF  NORFOLK.     LORD  DERBT.     NIOHOLLS.     SIR  F.  BURDEIT. 

Fox  is  addressing  the  principal  Members  of  Opposition, 
and  denouncing  in  the  most  energetic  manner  the  proposed 
income-tax.     They  respond  in  terms  equally  energetic. 


POLITICAL    SERIES.  173 

The  enormous  expenditure  caused  by  the  military  and 
naval  armaments  of  England,  and  the  ruinous  amount  of 
the  subsidies  remitted  to  our  Allies,  had  drained  England 
of  her  metallic  stores,  and  completely  changed  the  face 
of  the  monetary  and  fiscal  system  of  England.  Burke  in 
his  Reflections  on  the  Revolution  of  France  in  1790,  had 
contrasted  with  just  pride  the  relative  monetary  situa- 
tions of  France  and  England.  In  France,  gold  and  silver, 
the  representatives  of  the  conventional  credit  of  mankind 
had  disappeared,  and  a  forced  paper  currency  was  the  only 
circulating  medium  : — ''  In  England  not  one  shilling  of 
paper  money  of  any  description  is  received,  but  of  choice, 
the  whole  has  had  its  origin  in  cash  actually  deposited, 
and  is  convertible  at  pleasure  in  an  instant,  and  without 
the  smallest  loss,  into  cash  again.  Our  paper  is  of  value 
in  commerce,  because  in  law  it  is  of  none.  It  is  powerful 
on  'Change,  because  in  Westminster  Hall  it  is  impotent. 
In  payment  of  a  debt  of  twenty  shillings  a  creditor  may 
refuse  all  the  paper  of  the  Bank  of  England.'' 

But  these  halcyon  days  were  passed.  The  Bank,  by  its 
improvident  advances  to  the  Government  had  been  com- 
pelled to  suspend  cash  payments.  One  and  two  pound 
notes  were  now  issued  for  the  first  time  in  England,  and 
formed  material  ingredients  in  the  circulating  medium : 
taxation  had  been  raised  in  every  department ;  the  duties 
in  the  Customs  and  Excise  had  been  seriously  increased ; 
these,  however,  and  the  triple  assessment  of  the  assessed 
taxes  did  not  equal  the  public  expenditure.  The  Land- 
tax,  too,  which  had  hitherto  been  an  annual  grant,  was 
made  perpetual,  and  actually  sold ;  still  the  exigencies  of 
the  state  required  further  supplies.  One  resource  re- 
mained,— to  substitute  an  income  tax  of  10  per  cent,  for 
the  triple  assessment  of  the  assessed  taxes,  by  which  a 
large  revenue  would  be  derived  from  landed  proprietors, 
rich  bankers,  merchants,  fund-holders,  lodgers,  and  others 
who  contributed  but  Uttle,  in  proportion  to  their  means. 
The  Minister  estimated  the  probable  produce  of  the  tax  at 


174  OILLEAY^S   CARICATURES. 

ten  millions.  The  inquisitorial  nature  of  this  tax  excited 
general  discontent.  Meetings  were  called  in  every  county, 
city,  and  borough,  to  oppose  it.  Pitt,  however,  persevered ; 
the  oppressive  weight  of  the  tax  was  admitted,  but  justi- 
fied by  state  necessity.  With  a  view  to  mitigate  in  some 
degree  the  severity  of  the  pressure  on  persons  with  large 
families,  a  deduction  of  ten  per  cent,  on  the  income  tax, 
was  allowed  to  persons  who  had  above  a  certain  number 
of  children.  The  Duke  of  Northumberland  did  not  hesi- 
tate to  avail  himself  of  this  clause.  We  can  make  a  large 
allowance  for  the  violence  of  party  politics,  for  indignation 
against  a  war,  said  to  be  rashly  entered  on,  and  badly 
conducted;  but  the  days  of  chivalry  were  indeed  gone, 
when  the  representative  of  the  title,  honours,  and  domains 
of  the  noble  and  illustrious  House  of  Percy,  could  stoop 
to  claim  a  deduction  for  his  children,  and  publicly  register 
them  as  a  burthen,  entitling  him  to  relief.  This  exposed 
him  to  merited  obloquy  and  ridicule,  particularly  in  a 
satirical  ballad,  which  deserves  to  be  rescued  from  the 
ephemeral  fate,  usually  attending  such  effusions.  It  is  a 
happy  parody  on  Chevy  Chace.  Party  politics  are  tran- 
sient, but  wit  survives,  when  the  circumstance  in  which 
it  originated  is  forgotten,  or  sunk  into  insignificance. 

CHEVY  CHACE. 

God  prosper  long  onr  noble  King, 

Our  lives  and  safeties  all : 
A  woeful  stoTj  late  there  did 

In  Britain's  Isle  befall. 

Dnke  Smithson  of  Northumberland,* 

A  vow  to  Grod  did  make  ; 
The  choicest  gifts  in  fair  England, 

For  him  and  his  to  take. 

*  Sir  Hngh  Smithson  married  the  Lady  Elizabeth,  daughter  and  only 
child  of  the  Duke  of  Northumberland,  who  died  in  1750.  In  the  same  year, 
he  obtained  an  Act  of  Parliament,  authorising  him  to  assume  the  surname 
and  arms  of  Percy.  In  1767,  the  King  created  him  Earl  Percy,  and  Dnke  of 
Northumberland.  The  hero  of  this  ballad  was  the  eldest  son  of  this  marriage. 


POLITICAL   SERIES. 

Excise  and  Customs,  Charch  and  Law, 
Fve  begg'd  from  Master  Rose  ; 

The  garter  too, — bat  still  the  EUies 
I'll  have,  or  I'll  oppose. 

«  Now,  God  be  with  him,"  quoth  the  King, 

«  Sith  'twill  no  better  be  ; 
**  I  tmst  we  have  within  oar  realm 
Five  handred  good  as  he." 


175 


« 


And  soon  a  law,  like  arrow  keen, 

Or  spear,  or  cartal-axc. 
Struck  poor  Dukb  Smithson  to  the  heart 

In  shape  of  Powder  Tax. 

Sore  leaning  on  his  cratch,  he  cried, 
^  Crop,  crop,  my  merry  men  all ; 

**  No  guinea  for  your  heads  Fll  pay, 
*<  Though  Church  and  State  ^oald  fall." 

Again  the  taxing-man  appear*d — 

No  deadlier  foe  could  be  ; 
A  schedule  of  a  cloth-yard  long, 

Within  his  hand  bore  he. 

*'  Yield  thee,  Dnke  Smithson,  and  behold 
**  The  assessments  thou  must  pay  ; 

'*  Dogs,  horses,  houses,  coaches,  clocks,* 
"  And  servants  in  array." 

**  Nay,"  quoth  the  Duke,  *'  in  thy  black  scroll 

**  Deductions  I  espye, — 
<'  For  those  who  poor,  and  mean  and  low, 

"  With  children  burthen'd  lie. 

"  And  tho*  full  sixty  thousand  pounds 

**  My  vassals  pay  to  me, 
"  From  Cornwall  to  Northumberland, 

**  Through  many  a  fair  country. 

**  Tet  England's  Church,  its  King,  its  Laws, 

**  Its  cause  I  value  not, 
**  Compared  with  this  my  constant  text, 

"  '  A  penny  saved  is  got.* 


m 


A  tax  had  recently  been  imposed  on  watches. 


12 


17C  oillray's  caricatures. 

♦•  No  drop  of  princely  Percy's  blood* 
'<  Through  these  cold  veins  doth  run ; 

'*  With  HoUpwr*8  castles,  hlouon,  name, 
"  I  still  am  poor  Smithbom. 

'<  Let  England's  yonth  unite  in  arms, 
"  And  CTery  liberal  hand 

"  With  honest  zeal  subscribe  their  mite, 
**  To  save  their  natiye  land. 

*<  I  at  St.  Martinis  Vestry  Board 
"  To  swear  shall  be  content, 

'*  That  I  have  children  eight,  and  claim 
"  Dedfuctions  ten  per  cent.** 


God  bless  ns  all  from  factions  foes, 

And  French  fraternal  kiss  ; 
And  grant  the  Ejno  may  never  make 

Another  Duke  like  this. 

217. 
CITIZENS    VISITING    THE    BASTILLE. 

Jan.  I6th,  1799. 

SIR   F.   BURDETT. 

On  some  conversation  which  took  place  in  the  House 
of  Commons  on  the  oppressions  exercised  in  prisons^  and 
especially  in  the  new  state  prison  in  Coldbath  Fields,  which 
was  now  popularly  characterized  as  the  Bastille,  and  which 
was  also  known  among  offenders  as  the  College.  Sir 
Francis  Burdett  having  received  private  information  of 
great  and  scandalous  abuses  being  practised  upon  the 
miserable  inmates  of  that  prison,  visited  it,  and,  having 
assured  himself  of  the  facts,  brought  the  subject  before 
Parliament,  and  excited  public  indignation  against  the 
discipline  of  the  prison.     The  Home  Secretary,  therefore, 

*  The  late  Duke  of  Hamilton  paid  a  visit  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland 
one  antunm,  on  his  road  to  Scotland.  They  wcro  taking  a  ride  together  on 
the  Cheyiot  Hills,  when  the  Duke  of  Northumberland  turned  round,  and, 
without  consideration,  said,  *'  My  Lord,  many  yearn  have  elapsed  since  a 
Percy  and  Douglas  met  on  these  hills."  The  pride  of  the  DougUs  was 
touched,  and  he  haughtily  replied,  *'  Nor  hare  they  now/* 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  177 

gave  orders  to  the  Governor,  Airis,  not  to  admit  the 
Baronet  again.  At  a  subseqaent  period^  an  examination 
of  the  charges  proved  that  the  management  of  this  prison 
was  an  outrage  upon  humanity,  and  Airis  himself  received 
punishment  for  his  conduct. 

A  reference  to  the  debate  in  the  House  of  Commons 
will  explain  the  complaint  here  put  into  the  mouth  of  Sir 
Francis;  it  may  be  observed,  merely,  that  one  part  of 
them  refers  to  a  statement  that  an  unfortunate  woman, 
imprisoned  for  disorderly  conduct,  was  confined  in  an 
unhealthy  cell,  and  was  not  allowed  even  medical  attention, 
although  she  was  known  to  be  suffering  under  the  loath- 
some disease  to  which  her  wretched  calling  exposed  her. 

218. 

BUONAPARTE  HEARESTG  OF  NELSON'S  VIC 
TORY,  SWEARS  BY  HIS  SWORD  TO  EXTIR- 
PATE  THE  ENGLISH  FROM  OFF  THE  EARTH. 

Dec.  8th,  1798. 

Another  caricature,  which  needs  no  other  explanation 
than  a  reference  to  Buonaparte's  vain-glorious  boasting 
&fter  the  disaster  which  had  overwhelmed  the  French 
fleet  at  the  mouth  of  the  Nile.  It  may  be  observed,  that 
Napoleon's  features  were  not  at  this  time  well  known  to 
the  English  caricaturists. 

219. 
THE  APOTHEOSIS  OF  HOCHE.  1798. 

One  of  Gillray's  finest  conceptions,  in  which  all  the 
crimes  of  the  French  revolution  are  crowdBd  before  our 
sight  in  a  vast  emblematical  panorama.  General  Hoche 
was  par  excellence  the  General  of  the  Republic ;  and  his 
name  was  more  particularly  familiar  to  English  ears,  from 
the  circumstance  of  his  having  been  designated  as  the 
commander  of  the  army  for  the  invasion  of  Ireland. 

12  * 


178  GILLRAY^S   CARICATURES. 

220. 
SIEGE  DE  LA  COLONNE  DE  POMPfiE.   SCIENCE 

IN  THE  PILLORY. 

On  the  Institute  of  Egypt,  formed  by  the  body  of  French 
savans  who  accompanied  the  French  army  under  Napo- 
leon into  Egypt,  to  make  scientific  observations  in  the 
countries  about  to  be  conquered.  This  print,  like  the  one 
preceding,  is  sufficiently  explained  by  the  inscriptions. 

221. 
EGYPTIAN  SKETCHES.  March  12th,  1799. 

The  expedition  to  Egypt  was  made  a  frequent  subject 
of  satire  in  England.  The  series  of  subjects  here  pre- 
sented to  us  by  Gillray  was  intended  more  especially  to 
ridicule  the  Institute  founded  by  Napoleon  at  Cairo,  and 
the  proceedings  of  the  French  savans  who  accompanied 
the  invading  army.  A  monkey,  as  the  republican  com- 
mander, is  seen  attempting  to  place  the  cap  of  liberty 
on  the  apex  of  the  great  pyramid,  while  his  progress  is 
somewhat  impeded  by  the  eagerness  of  Folly,  represented 
as  a  naked  philosopher,  to  sliare  in  the  exploit.  Even  the 
Sphynxes  have  become  Frenchified. 

222. 
L'INSURRECTION    DE    L^NSTITUT    AMPHIBIE. 
—THE  PURSUIT  OF  KNOWLEDGE. 

March  12th,  1799. 

We  have  here  a  forcible  example  of  the  pursuit  of 

knowledge  under  difficulties.     The  republican  naturalists 

have  commenced  rather  unpropitiously  with  an  attempt  to 

tame  and  utilize  the  crocodile. 

223. 

L'INFANTERIE    FRANCAISE    EN    EGYPTE— LE 

GENERAL   ASNE    CONVERTED    TO    IBRAHIM 

BEY.  March  Uth,  1799. 

It  appears  that  it  was  found  necessary  to  mount  the 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  179 

troops  in  the  Egyptian  campaign  upon  asses,  a  circum- 
stance which  could  not  fail  to  furnish  subject  for  satire. 
It  seems  doubtful  whether  the  commander,  or  the  animal 
which  carries  him,  is  giving  the  word  of  command. 


224. 

PRiETOR  XJEBANUS ;— INAUGURATION  OF  THE 
COPTIC  MAYOR  OP  CAIRO,  PRECEDED  BY 
THE  PROCUREUR  DE  LA  COMMUNE. 

March  12th,  1799. 

On  the  scheme  for  a  new  political  and  municipal  con- 
stitution of  the  city  of  Cairo. 

225. 

THEOLOGIE  A  LA  TURQUE— THE  PALE  OP  THE 
CHURCH  OP  MAHOMET.  March  12th,  1799. 

Philosophy  brought  to  a  nonplus.  The  free  notions  of 
the  Prench  theologians  are  represented  as  proving  by  no 
means  satisfactory  to  the  Mahometan  doctors,  who  are 
using  the  advantages  which  force  has  placed  at  their  dis- 
posal. The  renegade  in  the  distance  is  covering  his  head 
with  a  turban  to  save  a  less  honourable  part  of  his  body. 

226. 

MAMALUCK  ET  HUSSARD  REPUBLIC  AIN. 
GENERAL  RESULT  OP  BUONAPARTE^S 
ATTACK  UPON  IBRAHIM  BEY^S  REAR- 
GUARD.  March  12th,  1799. 

In  this  print  a  Prench  hussar  is  flying  from  the  mur- 
derous attack  of  his  Mamaluke  assailant.  On  his  sword 
is  inscribed,  *'  Vaincre  ou  Courie'* — Victory  or  Plight. 


180  gillray's  caricatures. 

227. 

TIRAILLEUR  PRANCAIS,  ET  CHEVAL  LEGER 
DE  L^ARMfiE  DU  PACHA  DE  RHODES.— 
EVOLUTIONS  OF  FRENCH  MOUNTED  RIFLE- 

MEN.  March  12th,  1799. 

Another  example  of  the  advantages  derived  from  the 
new  style  of  mounting  of  the  French  cavalry.  In  the 
preceding  plate  we  see  the  advantage  of  the  ass  by  its 
swiftness  in  the  flight ;  here  it  shines  by  its  steadiness  in 
the  conflict. 

228. 

SUPPOSED  TO  BE  A  CORRECT  REPRESEN- 
TATION  OF   A  MAMALUKE   CHIEF. 

Dec.  1st,  1798. 

This,  though  not  belonging  to  the  foregoing  series,  is 
connected  with  them  by  its  subject.  It  is  evidently  not  a 
design  of  Gillray^s,  though  it  may  owe  something  to  his 
imagination.  Perhaps  it  may  have  been  taken  from  a  rude 
sketch  made  by  some  one  who  was  in  Egypt  in  this  war. 

s      229. 

EXHIBITION  OF  A  DEMOCRATIC  TRANSPA- 
RENCY, WITH  ITS  EFFECT  UPON  PATRIOTIC 
FEELINGS.  April  1 5th,  1 799. 

EKSKINE.  TIBRNEY.  FOX.  SIB  J.  SINCLAIR.  M.  A.  TAYLOR. 
DUKE  OF  NORFOLK.  SHERIDAN.  SIR  F.  BURDETT.  NICHOLLS. 
LORD  HOIRA.      DUKE  OF  BEDFORD.      LORD  DERBY. 

On  the  secret  Committee  appointed  by  the  House  of 
Commons  to  inquire  into  the  proceedings  and  designs  of 
the  political  societies  in  Ireland  and  England.  The  report 
of  this  Committee  pointed  out  an  alleged  and  continued 
treasonable  correspondence  with  the  French  Republicans, 
and  was  made  the  ground  in  Ireland  for  severe  stat€  pro- 


POUTICAL   SERIES.  181 

seditions^  which  aro  pretended  to  have  cast  dismay  into 
the  Liberal  party  in  England.  They  are  here  represented 
as  terror-struck  at  the  discovery  of  their  designs.  The 
latter  circumstance  is  represented  by  the  four-fold  trans- 
parency, in  which  the  English  Whigs  are  seen  carrying 
into  cflTect  the  lessons  they  had  received  from  French 
democracy. 

230. 
NEW    PANTHEON    OP    DEMOCRATIC    MYTHO- 

LOGY.  May  1th,  1799. 

Another  series  of  satirical  representations  of  the  party, 
but  which  appears  not  to  have  been  completed  according 
to  the  author's  full  design.  The  attributes  of  the  various 
deities  thrown  out  of  the  fool's-cap  of  liberty  before  the 
democratic  altar,  need  no  explanation. 

231. 
HERCULES  REPOSING.  May  7th,  1799. 

POX. 

The  great  leader  of  the  Whigs  had  at  this  time  seceded 
from  his  place  in  the  political  arena,  and  was  living  in 
temporary  retirement  at  St.  Anne's  Hill.  He  has  here 
hung  his  harp  upon  the  willow,  while  the  apples  of  discord 
are  rotting  at  his  feet.  The  political  Hercules  boasts  the 
skin  of  an  ass,  instead  of  the  lion  skin  of  his  prototype ; 
and  his  supposed  decUning  popularity  is  alluded  to  by  the 
figure  of  Fame  tottering  on  the  summit  of  her  temple. 

232. 
MARS.  *  May  7th,  1799. 

GENERAL  WALPOLB. 

On  the  fiery  zeal  of  General  Walpole,  one  of  the  warmest 
advocates  of  the  liberal  principles  of  the  Whig  Opposition. 
The  crest  of  his  helmet  is  a  diabolical  Sans-culotte^  with 
a  cap  of  liberty  on  his  head. 


182  gillray's  caeicatuees. 

233. 
HAEPIBS  DEFILING  THE  FEAST.    May  7th,  1799. 

TIEBNET.  SIB  J.    SHUCKBOBOUGn.  JEKTLL. 

The  three  political  harpies  defOing  John  Boll's  favourite 
roast  beef,  plum  puddings  and  porter,  with  their  demo- 
cratic pollutions. 

234. 
CUPID.  May  7th,  1799. 

NICHOLLS. 

Gillray  has  introduced  NichoUs  into  his  ''New  Pan- 
theon'' in  the  character  of  Cupid.  He  was  blind  of  one 
eye,  and  his  features  were  remarkably  plain.  His  elocu- 
tion was  ungraceful,  and  his  action  generally  much  too 
vehement.  He  exhibited  the  contortions  of  the  Sybil, 
without  her  inspiration.  He  is  thus  pleasantly  alluded  to 
in  a  duet  between  Fox  and  Home  Tooke,  in  the  Anti- 
Jacobin — 

**  Fox. — ^Well,  now  my  fayonrite  preacher's  NiekU, 
He  keeps  for  Pitt  a  rod  in  pickle  ; 
His  gestwres  fright  th'  astonished  gazers, 
His  sarcasms  cut  like  Pa€kw<H>d*s  raaors,** 

235. 
THE  TWIN  STAES,  CASTOR  AND  POLLUX. 

May  7th,  1799. 

BEBKLT.  STUBT. 

Two  of  the  Whig  politicians  of  the  day,  who  were  equally 
celebrated  as  opponents  of  the  Ministry,  and  as  brewers 
of  ale. 

236. 
THE  AFFRIGHTED  CENTAUR,  AND   LION   BRI- 
TANIQUE.  May  7th,  1799. 

DUKE   OF  BEDFORD. 

The  Duke  of  Bedford  was  celebrated  for  his  tasto  for 
sporting — ^tho  turf  as  well  as  the  chace.     However,  ho  is 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  183 

here  represented  under  the  form  of  the  Centaur,  half  man 
and  half  horse.  The  roar  set  up  against  him  by  the  British 
lion,  or  at  least  put  into  the  lion's  mouth,  was  a  sufficient 
subject  for  alarm. 

237. 
THE  INEXPRESSIBLE  AIR  OP  DIGNITY. 

March  9th,  1803. 

THE  DUKE  OF  MABLBOBOUGH. 

The  Duke  of  Marlborough  of  this  period  was  distin- 
guished as  a  fop.  This  figure  was  bemg  pointed  out  as  a 
broad  contrast  to  all  our  notions  of  the  warlike  character 
of  the  illustrious  hero  who  first  obtained  the  dukedom. 

239. 
A  MAN  OP  IMPORTANCE.  May  16th,  1799. 

THE  EABL  OF  MOIRA. 

A  nobleman  frequently  attacked  by  the  Tory  press  of 
this  period,  on  account  of  the  part  he  took  in  Irish  politics. 
The  verses  are  taken  from  the  Anti- Jacobin,  a  Tory  jour- 
nal remarkable  for  its  bitterness.  He  voted,  however,  for 
the  Union,  in  opposition  to  his  own  party,  the  Whigs,  who 
were  generally  opposed  to  that  measure. 

240. 
FIELD .  MARSHAL    COUNT     SUWARROW-ROM- 

NISKOY.  May  23ri,  1799. 

The  great  and  sanguinary  General  of  the  Emperor 
Paul  I.  of  Russia.  In  the  middle  of  April,  1799,  he 
assumed  the  command  of  the  Austro-Russian  armies  in 
Italy,  and  gained  repeated  successes  against  the  French 
in  Italy  during  Buonaparte's  absence  in  the  East ;  but  his 
career  was  at  length  checked  by  Massena  in  Switzer- 
land. His  victories  had  made  his  name  popular  in  Eng- 
land, and  procured  him  the  honour  of  this  plate.  He 
died  in  the  year  following  (1800). 


184  GILLRAY^S    CAEICATURE8. 

241. 

THE   STATE   OF   THE  WAR ;    or,  THE  MONKEY 
RACE  IN  DANGER.  Maij  20th,  1799. 

This  print  appeared  in  the  midst  of  the  successes  of  the 
Russians  and  Austrians  in  Italy^  and  when  Buonaparte  had 
been  driven  by  the  Turks,  aided  by  Sir  Sidney  Smith  and 
the  English,  from  before  Acre.  The  Republicans,  under 
the  old  satirical  disguise  of  monkeys,  are  roughly  treated 
by  the  Eastei'n  crescent,  the  Russian  bear,  the  Austrian 
eagle,  and  the  English  lion.  A  few  months  shewed  the 
emptiness  of  the  boasts  embodied  in  GiUray^s  caricature, 
and  saw  some  of  the  parties  here  triumphant  bowing  before 
a  power  which  they  had  aflfected  to  despise. 

242. 

THE  HIGH  GERMAN  METHOD  OF  DESTROYING 
VERMIN  AT  RADSTADT.  May  22nd,  1799. 

This  is  not  a  very  generous  or  just  satire  on  an  act  which 
cast  disgrace  at  least  upon  Austria.  On  the  28th  of  April, 
1 799,  the  French  Plenipotentiaries  at  Radstadt,  Bonnien 
and  Roberjot,  were  waylaid  and  assassinated  near  that 
town,  by  a  troop  of  Szeckler^s  hussars,  or  persons  in  their 
uniform.  Jean  Debry  was  also  loft  for  dead,  but  he  reco- 
vered. This  breach  of  the  law  of  nations  excited  the 
utmost  indignation  in  France. 

243. 
INDEPENDENCE.  June  9th,  1799. 

TYBWHITT   JONES. 

Gillray  has  put  into  the  mouth  of  Tyrwhitt  Jones  this 
speech : — "  I  am  an  independent  man.  Sir,  and  I  don't  care 
that,  who  hears  me  say  so  !  I  don't  like  wooden  shoes  ! 
No,  Sir,  nor  French  wooden  shoes ;  no,  nor  English 
wooden  shoes,  neither ;  and  as  to  the  tall  gentleman  over 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  185 

the  way,  I  can  tell  him  I  am  no  Pizarro  !  1^11  not  hold 
up  the  deyil's  tail  to  fish  for  a  place,  or  a  pension  !  Fm 
no  skulker.  No,  nor  no  seceder  neither!  I'll  not  keep 
out  of  the  way,  for  fear  of  being  told  my  own.  Here's 
my  place,  and  here  I  ought  to  speak.  I  warrant  I'll  not 
sneak  into  taverns  to  drink  humbug  toasts  that  I  am 
afraid  to  explain — ^not  I !  My  motto  is,  '  Independence 
and  Old  England,'  and  that  for  all  the  rest  of  the  world. 
There— that !— that  I— that !" 

We  cannot  trace  to  what  speech  this  allndes.  Pizarro 
was  brought  out  on  the  24th  of  May  ;  the  print  is  dated 
June  the  9th.  The  occurrence  must,  therefore,  have  taken 
place  in  this  interval,  because  he  calls  Sheridan  "  Pizarro." 
There  is  not  the  slightest  allusion  to  any  attack  of  this 
description  made  upon  Sheridan  by  Tyrwhitt  Jones,  or  any 
other  speaker,  reported  in  Hansard's  Debates  during  the 
period.  The  allusion  to  humbug  toasts,  &c.,  is  intended 
to  refer  to  the  speeches  and  toasts  at  the  Whig  Club. 

The  collectors  of  prints  call  the  first  impressions  of 
the  ''  March  to  Finchley"  "  the  Sunday  print,"  because 
Hogarth  by  mistake  dated  it  on  a  Sunday.  Gillray  has 
here  made  a  similar  mistake.  June  the  9th,  1799,  was  on 
a  Sunday. 

244. 
PIZARRO    CONTEMPLATING    OVER    THE    PRO- 
DUCT  OP  HIS  NEW  PERUVIAN  MINE. 

June  Uh,  1 799. 

SUEfilDAN. 

"  A  man  so  various  that  he  seemed  to  be 
Not  one,  but  all  mankind's  epitome/** 

"  Whatever  Sheridan  has  done,^'  says  Lord  Byron,  "  has 
been  par  excellence,  always  the  best  of  its  kind.  He  has 
written  the  best  comedy,  the  best  opera,  the  best  farce,  and 

♦  From  Drj'den's  Character  of  Villicrs,  Duke  of  Buckingham,  author  oi' 
the"  Rehearsal." 


186  OILLBAY^S   CABICATUBES. 

tho  best  address  (the  monody  on  Grarrick),  and  to  crown 
all,  delivered  the  very  best  oration  ever  conceived  in  ibis 
country/' 

It  would  be  presumption  to  add  one  syllable  upon  She- 
ridan's dramatic  works,  after  citing  the  above  panegyric 
of  Lord  Byron ;  but  it  may  not  be  superfluous  to  inform 
the  rising  generation,  and  those  who  are  not  yet  fully 
acquainted  with  the  merits  of  Sheridan's  dramas,  that  his 
dramatic  works  and  monody  on  Garrick  have  been  pub- 
lished in  a  very  neat  volume  in  duodecimo  by  H.  G.  Bohn. 

The  speech  referred  to  by  Lord  Byron  is  that  delivered 
in  Westminster  Hall,  on  Hastings's  trial,  on  opening  the 
charge  relative  to  the  Begum  Princesses  of  Oude ;  but 
before  adverting  to  that,  it  will  be  proper  to  notice,  that 
he  had  brought  forward  the  same  charge  in  the  House  of 
Commons  on  Feb.  17, 1787.  For  five  hours  and  a  half  he 
delighted  and  astonished  the  House,  and  at  the  conclusion 
of  his  speech  Fox  and  Burke  pronounced  the  most  glow- 
ing eulogiums  on  it ;  Pitt  declared  it  had  surpassed  all 
eloquence  of  ancient  and  modem  times.* 

''  Though  the  wondering  senate  hung  on  all  he  spoke," 
a  more  arduous  task,  and  greater  triumph  still  remained 
to  him.  The  impeachment  was  carried,  and  it  became 
Sheridan's  province  to  open  the  same  charge  before  an 
assembly  even  still  more  august.     Westminster  Hall  was 

*  Gibbon  speaking  of  his  own  Parliamentary  career,  says,  "  The  sacoesf 
of  his  pen  discouraged  the  trial  of  his  voice."  It  is  a  veiy  enrioos  drcnm- 
Btance  that  after  Sheridan  had  made  his  first  speech,  he  went  np  into  the 
gallery,  and  asked  Woodfall,  the  celebrated  Parliamentary  reporter,  with 
great  anxiety,  what  he  thoaght  of  his  first  attempt  Woodfall,  with  mora 
candour  than  penetration,  replied,  *"  I  do  not  think  this  is  yonr  line— yoa  had 
much  better  have  stuck  to  your  former  pursuits."  On  hearing  this,  Sheridan 
rested  his  head  upon  his  hand  for  a  few  minutes,  and  then  said,  **  It  is  in 
nie,  and  by  G — ,  it  shall  come  out  of  me."  Very  different  was  Macklin's 
prik^ction  respecting  Pitt,  on  hearing  his  first  speech.  The  late  Mr.  Ferry 
told  Vhe  writer  of  this  note  that  he  was  seated  in  tho  gallery  next  to  Macklin, 
and  when  Pitt  concluded,  he  asked  Macklin  what  he  thought  of  Pitt*s 
speech..  Macklin  answered,  '*  Sir,  he  will  be  grand — he  will  bo  magnificent, 
when  h^'  dares  to  be  impudent.*' 


POLITICAL    SERIES.  187 

fitted  up  aa  a  court  of  justice,  and  Sheridan  appeared 
before  the  assembled  peers,  as  representative  of  the  Com- 
mons of  England,  to  prefer  and  substantiate  this  charge. 
The  House  of  Commons  was  present,  and  the  assembly 
was  suiTOunded  by  an  extraordinary  display  of  beauty,  of 
rank,  wealth,  and  distinguished  characters. 

Largior  hie  campos  lether,  et  Inmine  yestit 
Pnrpureo. 

Expectation  was  wound  up  to  the  highest  pitch ;  not 
to  surpass  his  former  effort,  however  brilliant  his  speech 
might  be,  would  have  been  considered  a  failure.  He 
resolved  to  eclipse  himself — ^and  he  succeeded.  Never 
was  so  great  an  effect  produced.  It  is  to  be  lamented  that 
we  have  no  faithful  report  of  this  mighty  achievement 
of  eloquence.  Wonderful  indeed  must  have  been  that 
oratory,  which  could  call  forth  this  splendid  tribute  from 
Burke,  himself  a  consummate  master  of  eloquence  : — 

''  He  has  this  day  surprised  the  thousands  who  hung 
with  rapture  on  his  accents  by  such  an  array  of  talents, 
such  an  exhibition  of  capacity,  such  a  display  of  powers, 
as  are  unparalleled  in  the  annals  of  oratory;  a  display  that 
reflected  the  highest  honour  upon  himself — ^lustre  upon 
letters,  renown  upon  Parliament,  and  glory  upon  the 
country.  Of  all  species  of  rhetoric,  of  every  kind  of  elo- 
quence that  has  been  witnessed  or  recorded,  either  in 
ancient  or  modem  times,  whatever  the  acuteness  of  tho 
bar,  the  dignity  of  the  senate,  the  solidity  of  the  judgment 
seat,  and  the  sacred  morality  of  the  pulpit,  have  hitherto 
furnished,  nothing  has  surpassed,  nothing  has  equalled^ 
what  we  have  heard  this  day  in  Westminster  Hall.  No 
holy  seer  of  religion,  no  sage,  no  statesman,  no  orator,  no 
man  of  any  literary  description  whatever  has  come  up,  in 
the  one  instance,  to  the  pure  sentiments  of  morality,  or  in 
the  other,  to  that  variety  of  knowledge,  force  of  imagina- 
tion, propriety  and  vivacity  of  allusion,  beauty  and  ele- 
gance of  diction,  strength  and  copiousness  of  style,  pathos. 


188  GILLRAY^S   CARICATURES. 

and  sublimity  of  conception,  to  which  wo  have  this  day 
listened  with  ardour  and  admiration.  From  poetry  up  to 
eloquence  there  is  not  a  species  of  composition  of  which  a 
complete  and  perfect  specimen  might  not  from  that  single 
speech  be  culled  and  collected.''* 

GlLLRAT    HAS    DRAWN    AND     HABITED     ShSRIDAN    IN    THE 

CHARACTER  OF  PizARRO.  He  is  Contemplating  the  product 
of  his  own  Peruvian  mine,  and  thus  soliloquises,  ''Honour! 
reputation ! — a  mere  bubble !  Will  the  praises  of  posterity 
charm  my  bones  in  the  grave  ?  psha !  my  present  purpose 
is  all !  0,  gold  !  gold !  for  thee  I  would  sell  my  native 
Spain,  as  freely  as  I  would  plunder  Peru.*'  The  sarcastic 
insinuation  intended  to  be  conveyed  by  this  print  is  that 
Sheridan's  political  feelings  were  more  in  unison  with 
those  of  Pizarro,  than  with  the  patriotic  sentiments  he  has 
put  into  the  mouth  of  the  Peruvian  General  BoUa.  The 
play  was  brought  out  at  Drury  Lane  on  the  24th  of  May, 
1799,  and  was  eminently  successful.  George  III.  who 
for  a  considerable  time  had  confined  his  theatrical  visits 
to  Covent  Garden,  now  signified  his  intention  of  being 
present  at  the  performance  of  Pizarro,  and  having  wit- 
nessed the  representation  expressed  warm  admiration  of 
it.  Twenty-nine  editions  of  Pizarro,  consisting  each  of  a 
thousand  copies,  were  sold  in  a  very  short  time,  and  of 
course  added  considerably  to  Sheridan's  gains  by  the  play. 

245. 
FRENCH  GENERALS   RETIRING   ON  ACCOUNT 
OF    THEIR    HEALTH;    WITH   LEPAUX    PRE- 
SIDING  IN  THE  DIRECTORIAL  DISPENSARY. 

June  20th,  1799. 
On  the  return  of  several  of  the  French  Generals  from 

*  It  is  most  extraordinary  that  neither  Prior,  in  his  Life  of  Bnrke,  nor 
Moore,  in  his  Life  of  Sheridan,  shonM  have  recorded  this  magnificent  burst 
of  extemporaneous  eloquence,  which  conferred  equal  honour  on  him  who 
pronounced  tlic  (>anegyric,  a^*  on  him  wlio  was  the  object  of  it 


POLITICAL    SERIES.  189 

Egypt,  who  were  allowed  by  the  Directory  to  revisit  their 
native  country  under  the  pretence  of  recruiting  their  health. 
This  caricature  hardly  needs  any  further  explanation. 

246. 
ALLIED  POWERS  UNBOOTING  EGALITE. 

September  let,  1 799. 

Another  caricature  on  the  reverses  which  France  was  at 
this  time  experiencing  on  every  side.  John  Bull's  jolly 
tar  is  holding  the  red-capped  republican's  arms,  while  the 
Turk,  rendered  bold  by  the  late  check  given  to  Napoleon 
at  Acre,  is  preparing  to  add  his  nose  to  the  string  of 
trophies  suspended  at  his  waist.  Austria,  assisted  by 
Russia,  is  unbooting  him  of  his  conquests  in  Italy,  and 
emptying  them  of  his  golden  spoils.  The  secret  expedition 
is  alluded  to  in  the  proceedings  of  the  sly  Dutchman,  who 
is  attempting  from  behind  to  purloin  the  cheese  on  which 
the  British  tar  has  established  his  right  foot. 

247. 
THE  RECEPTION  IN  HOLLAND.       Sept.  8th,  1799. 

WILUAM   PRINCE   OF   OBANOE. 

On  the  English  expedition  to  Holland  in  the  August  of 
1 799  to  restore  the  Prince  of  Orange,  who  is  here  repre- 
sented as  experiencing  an  overwhelmingly  joyful  reception 
from  his  people,  and  especially  from  his  countrywomen. 
This  view  of  the  ''  reception ''  was,  however,  rather  pre- 
mature, for  the  British  army  found  no  support  from  the 
Dutch,  and  was  eventually  compelled  to  make  a  somewhat 
disgraceful  retreat. 

248. 
EXIT  LIBERTE  A  LA  FRANCOISB !  OR,  BUONA- 
PARTE   CLOSING   THE   FARCE    OF   EGALITE 
AT  ST.  CLOUD,  NEAR  PARIS.      Nov.  lOth,  1799. 

BUONAPARTE. 

On  the  dissolution  of  the  Directoiy  by  Buonaparte's 


190  aiLLBAY^S    CARICATURES. 

soldiers,  Nov.  9,  1799,  an  event  known  in  history  as  the 
revolution  of  the  18th  Bnimaire.  The  new  coDstitation^ 
in  which  Buonaparte  was  chosen  first  consul,  was  promul- 
gated  on  the  13th  of  December. 

249. 
EFFUSIONS    OF    A    POT     OP     PORTER;     OR, 
MINISTERIAL     CONJURATIONS     FOR     SUP- 
PORTING    THE    WAR.  Nov.  29th,  1 799. 

PITT. 

On  the  discontent  excited  by  the  rise  in  the  price  of 
porter,  by  the  increased  taxes  on  malt  and  hops,  and  on 
the  inclination  of  the  populace  as  well  as  of  its  political 
leaders,  to  lay  every  kind  of  national  calamity  to  the 
charge  of  the  Minister.  In  this  instance  the  popular 
clamour  is  made  to  issue  from  the  mouth  of  Dr.  Parr,  who 
was  a  distinguished  Whig,  and  celebrated  for  his  attach- 
ment to  a  pipe  and  a  pot.  Pitt,  mounted  on  the  white 
horse  (Hanover),  rises  vauntingly  out  of  the  froth  of  the 
doctor's  favourite  beverage,  and  calls  down  the  vengeance 
of  the  elements  on  the  unfortunate  crops  which  ought  to 
bring  abundance  to  his  countrymen. 

250. 
THE   FRENCH  CONSULAR  TRIUMVIRATE,  SET- 
TLING  THE  NEW  CONSTITUTION.  Jan.  Ut,  1800. 

CAMBACEKES.         L£    BRUN.         SIETES.         BUONAPARTE. 

On  the  new  French  constitution  as  compiled  by  Sieyes, 
under  the  direction  of  Buonaparte.  Below,  a  peep  behind 
the  scones  reveals  to  us  certain  imps  forging  new  chains 
for  France,  and  for  Europe.  Some  of  Gillray's  countiy- 
men  may  have  been  hoaxed  into  the  belief  that  these  were 
true  likenesses,  but  there  was  truth  in  his  prophecy  that 
in  this  '^  Ccynstitution  pour  VAvcnir"  the  first  consul  was 
destined  to  assume  the  character  of  the  ^^ grand  mmiarque. 


9» 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  191 

251. 

DESIGN  FOR  THE  NAVAL  PILLAR.  Feb.  Ut,  1800. 
This  print  explains  itself^  and  can  hardly  be  called  a 
caricature.  It  was  published  in  the  midst  of  the  popular 
enthusiasm  occasioned  by  the  great  successes  of  our  fleets^ 
and  when  the  public  talked  of  the  justice  and  propriety  of 
raising  some  grand  monument  to  the  &me  of  our  naval 
commanders  and  their  gallant  tars. 

252. 
DEMOCRACY;    OR,   A    SKETCH    OF   THE   LIFE 
OF  BUONAPARTE.  May  12th,  1800. 

One  of  those  numerous  productions  which  were  at 
this  time  put  forth  with  the  object  of  exciting  the  hatred 
and  contempt  of  the  people  of  this  country  towards  the 
man  who  had  now  begun  to  rule  the  destinies  of  France. 
The  events  of  his  life  are  here  traced  from  his  supposed 
introduction  to  a  military  education  under  the  bounty  of 
the  monarch  whom  he  afterwards  assisted  in  dethroning, 
to  his  election  to  the  office  of  first  consul.  The  different 
compartments  are  sufficiently  expkined  by  the  inscriptions 
on  the  plate ;  and  it  is  hardly  necessary  to  state  that  they 
are  grossly  exaggerated,  especially  as  far  as  regards  his 
early  life. 

253. 

THE     NEW     SPEAKER     (i.  e.    The    Law    Chick), 

BETWEEN    THE    HAWKS    AND    BUZZARDS. 

Feb.  15th,  1800. 

M.   A.    TAYLOR. 

Michael  Angelo  Taylor  was  the  son  of  Sir  Robert  Taylor, 
Knight,  a  celebi'ated  architect,  who  built  the  Bank.  He 
bestowed  a  liberal  education  on  his  son  Michael  Angelo, 
and  sent  him  to  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford.  Michael 
Angelo  Taylor  studied  the  law,  and  was  admitted  abarrister. 

13 


192  QILLRAT^S   CARICATURES. 

He  seems  at  first  to  have  entertained  some  ambitious  views 
of  advancement  in  his  profession.  He  married  the  sister 
of  Sir  Harry  Vane  Tempest,  Bart.  At  the  general  election 
in  1784,  he  obtained  a  seat  in  the  House  of  Commons. 
He  took  an  early  opportunity  of  declaring  his  determina- 
tion to  support  the  Minister,  but  not  indiscriminately. 
An  early  opportunity  occurred  of  evincing  his  sincerity, 
by  giving  an  independent  vote  on  the  unpopular  West- 
minster Scrutiny.  On  the  9th  of  February,  1785,  Mr. 
Taylor  said :  "  That  as  he  should  that  night  give  a  vote 
against  those  with  whom  he  had  agreed  in  general,  and 
against  whom  he,  perhaps,  might  never  give  another,  he 
thought  it  right  to  give  his  reasons  for  so  doing."  Ho  then 
assigned  his  reasons  for  considering  the  High  Bailiff's 
Court  an  illegal  judicature,  not  competent  to  try  the 
validity  of  the  Westminster  Election.  He  did  not  pretend 
to  contend  with  the  learned  gentleman  who  preceded  him 
(the  Master  of  the  Bolls,  Sir  Lloyd  Kenyon).  He  was 
young — ^he  was,  but  what  he  might  call  himself,  a  Chicken 
in  the  profession ;  but  he  could  not  reconcile  to  his  ideas 
of  law  the  Westminster  Scrutiny.  It  had  been  called  a 
Court ;  it  was  ridiculous,  in  his  mind,  to  call  it  so— -it  was 
but  a  mockery  and  a  jest.'* 

Mr.  Sheridan  observed,  that  they  had  that  day  been 
honoured  with  the  councils  of  a  complete  gradation  of 
lawyers ; — they  had  received  the  opinion  of  a  Judge,  of 
an  Attomey-Gteneral  in  Petto  (Michael  Angelo  Taylor) ; 
of  an  ex-Attomey-General,  and  of  a  Practising  Barrister. 
With  regard  to  the  acquisition  of  a  Learned  Gentleman, 
who  had  declared  he  meant  to  vote  with  them  on  that  day, 
he  was  sorry  to  acknowledge,  that  from  the  declaration  the 
Learned  Gentleman  had  made  in  the  beginning  of  his 
speech,  he  saw  no  great  reason  to  boast  of  their  auxiliary. 
The  Learned  Gentleman,  who  had  with  peculiar  modesty 
called  himself  a  Chicken  of  a  Lawyer,  had  declared  that, 
thinking  them  in  the  right  with  respect  to  the  discussion 


•  < 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  193 

of  that  day^  he  should  vote  with  them ;  bat  he  had  at  the 
same  time  thought  it  necessary  to  assert,  that  he  had  never 
before  voted  differently  from  the  Minister  and  his  friends, 
and  perhaps  he  never  should  again  vote  with  those  to  whom 
he  meant  to  give  his  support  that  day.  It  was  a  little 
singular  to  vote  with  them,  professedly,  because  he  found 
them  in  the  right,  and  in  the  very  moment  that  he  had 
assigned  so  good  a  reason  for  changing  his  side,  to  declare 
that  in  all  probability  he  never  should  vote  with  them 
again.  He  was  sorry,  he  said,  to  find  the  Chicken  was 
a  bird  of  ill  omen,  and  that  its  augury  was  so  unpropitious 
to  their  future  interests.  Perhaps  it  would  have  been  as 
well,  under  these  circumstances,  that  the  chicken  had  not 
left  the  barn-door  of  the  Treasury,  but  continued  side  by 
side  with  the  old  Cock,  to  pick  those  crumbs  of  comfort, 
which  would  doubtless  be  dealt  out  in  due  time  with  libe- 
rality, proportioned  to  the  fidelity  of  the  feathered  tribe.'' 
— (See  EJAusard's  Debates,  vol.  25,  p.  42  and  p.  47.) 

ELaving  once  exercised  an  independent  judgment,  he 
seems  gradually  to  have  alienated  himself  from  his  Tory 
connexions,  and  adopted  Whig  principles.  He  joined  the 
Opposition,  who  cordially  welcomed  their  new  ally ;  and 
they  must  have  entertained  a  very  favourable  opinion  of 
his  legal  knowledge,  as  they  nominated  him  one  of  the 
managers  of  Hastings's  Impeachment,  doubtless,  with  a 
view  of  availing  themselves  of  his  assistance,  with  respect 
to  the  Law  of  Evidence,  in  the  examination  of  witnesses, 
which  so  frequently  excited  contention  during  the  trial! 
Had  George  III.'s  illness  continued,  and  the  Regency 
Bill  passed  in  1788,  the  Whigs,  on  entering  ofiice,  would 
have  dissolved  Parliament,  and  it  was  universally  under- 
stood that  Michael  Angelo  Taylor  would  have  been  ap- 
pointed Speaker  of  the  new  House  of  Commons.  The 
King's  recovery  terminated  M.  A.  Taylor's  brilliant  pros- 
pects. This  disappoiiitiient  is  the  object  satirized  in 
THIS  PKiNT.    The  Hawks  and  the  Buzzards  of  the  opposing 

18  * 


194  gillrat's  cabicatubes. 

parties  unite  in  assailing  him  ;  and  tlio  tremendous  hisses 
of  these  birds  of  prey  terrify  Taylor  from  ascending  the 
Speaker's  chair.  The  features  of  his  old  antagonist 
Sheridan  are  conspicuous  in  the  countenance  of  one  of 
these  sibilant  birds  to  the  right  of  the  Print.  The  fact 
is,  Taylor^s  disappointment  excited  little  sympathy,  from 
the  overweening  pomposity  of  his  manners.  On  the  se- 
cession of  the  Portland  party,  he  steadily  adhered  to  Mr. 
Fox,  and  continued  to  support  that  statesman  and  his 
friends  during  the  remainder  of  his  life.  Michael  Angelo 
Taylor  is  now  scarcely  remembered,  except  from  the  Act, 
which  he  procured  for  the  improvement  of  the  streets  of 
London,  and  the  removal  of  nuisances  and  inconveniences 
from  them,  popularly  called  Michael  Angelo  Taylor's 
Street  Act. 

254. 

BUONAPARTE  LEAVING  EGYPT.  March  8th,  1800. 
A  satirical  representation  of  an  event  which  changed 
the  face  of  events  in  France  and  throughout  Europe. 
The  designation  of  ^^  The  Desebteb  ov  thb  Abmt  or 
Egypt,"  here  applied  to  the  hero  of  Egypt  was  echoed  by 
many  of  his  countrymen. 

255. 

THE  WORN-OUT  PATRIOT;  OR,  THE  LAST 
DYING  SPEECH  OF  THE  WESTMINSTER 
REPRESENTATIVE.  Oct.  Uth,  1800. 

HABVET   COMBE.  FOX.  EBSKINE.  BIB  J.    SINCLAIR. 

TIBBNEY. 

The  Twentieth  Annivebsaby  of  Fox's  Election  for 
Westminsteb  was  celebrated  by  a  dinner  at  the  Sliak- 
speare  Tavern,  on  the  10th  of  October,  1800.  The  ap- 
pearance of  Fox  at  a  public  meeting,  after  so  prolonged 
an   absence  from   Parliament,   excited   intense    interest 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  193 

amongst  his  friends  and  partisans^  who  were  anxious  to 
hear  his  sentiments  on  public  affairs,  and  demonstrate 
their  unabated  attachment  to  him.  Before  three  o'clock 
the  great  room  at  the  Shakspeare  Tavern  overflowed,  and 
shortly  after  every  room  in  the  house  was  filled  with 
company. 

After  dinner,  Mr.  Fox's  health  was  drank  with  enthu- 
siasm. Mr.  Fox  then  addressed  the  company,  and  said, 
"  During  the  twenty  years  I  have  represented  you  in  Par- 
liament I  have  adhered  to  the  principles  on  which  the 
Bevolution  of  1688  was  founded,  and  to  what  have  been 
known  as  the  old  Whig  principles  of  England.  Amidst  all 
the  trying  difficulties  with  which  I  was  surrounded  on  so 
many  critical  occasions,  it  has  been  my  good  fortune  to 
entertain  those  sentiments,  which  you  have  sanctioned  by 
your  approbation,  and  to  follow  the  line  of  action  which 
has  obtained  the  concurrence  of  the  majority  of  my  con- 
stituents. Even  during  the  last  three  years,  when  I  have 
adopted  a  system  of  retirement  from  public  business— a 
system,  which  to  many  appeared  of  doubtful  propriety,  and 
concerning  which  even  my  own  opinion  has  been  the  lea^t 
decided — ^yet  I  have  had  the  good  fortune  to  concur  with 
the  Electors  of  Westminster,  and  the  satisfaction  to  know 
that  this  part  of  my  conduct,  whatever  difference  of 
opinion  might  have  existed  as  to  its  wisdom  and  policy,  has 
never  been  imputed  to  a  dereliction  of  my  principles.'' 

Mr.  Fox  then  reminded  the  company,  that  when  he  first 
represented  them,  the  country  was  engaged  in  the  cala- 
mitous war  with  America ;  he  then  took  a  rapid  review  of 
Ihe  principal  events  which  had  occurred  during  the  last 
twenty  years ;  and  then  continued  thus :  '^  In  many  of  the 
circumstances  which  have  distinguished  that  interval,  the 
part  which  an  honest  man  had  to  act  was  difficult  to 
choose  and  to  sustain ;  so  difficult,  indeed,  that  unless  he 
had  formed  his  conduct  upon  general  principles,  applicable 
io  all  times  aiid  to  all  events,  he  must  have  been  unable  to 


196  qillray's  caricatures. 

guide  his  course  in  such  a  manner  as  to  secure  the  testi- 
mony of  his  own  mind^  and  the  approbation  of  his  country ; 
he  must  have  been  unequal  to  the  faithful  discharge  of 
his  public  duty,  during  a  series  of  such  eventful  years* 
without  a  system^  just^  liberal,  and  comprehensive.  In  such 
a  system  I  have  found  the  principles  on  which  I  was  to 
act^  and  the  conduct  I  had  to  pursue.^' 

'^  Since  that  day  last  January^  when^  after  an  absence 
of  some  time,  I  returned  to  Parliament^*  I  think  there  can- 
not be  a  doubt  entertained  respecting  the  intentions  of 
Ministers.  We  were  then  told,  by  persons  high  in  office, 
that  it  was  not  to  be  wished  that  the  former  negotiation 
should  have  succeeded.  We  were  told  that  the  negotiation 
entered  into  by  Ministers  had  failed ;  yet  it  had  been  use- 
ful, as  it  had  contributed  to  bring  the  nation  into  a  solid 
system  of  Finance  I  I  confess,  therefore,  that  it  is  with 
additional  dismay  and  grief,  that  I  hear  the  news  of  a  new 
failure ;  because  we  have  reason  to  apprehend  that  Minis- 
ters will  consider  it  as  a  fortunate  circumstance,  and  that 
it  will  prove  the  forerunner  of  another  solid  system  of 
Finance.^'  Mr.  Fox,  having  touched  on  various  other 
topics,  in  an  eloquent  and  impressive  speech,  concluded 
thus : — ^^  1  feel  the  deepest  gratitude  to  you,  and  to  all  the 
people  of  England  who  honour  me  with  their  approbation, 
but  I  must  inform  you  that  I  still  mean  to  seclude  myself 
from  public  business.  My  time  of  action  was  over  when 
those  principles  were  extinguished  on  which  I  acted.  I 
have  at  present  no  more  to  say,  but  that  I  will  steadily 
adhere  to  the  principles  which  have  guided  my  past  con- 
duct. These  require  that  I  should  continue  absent  from 
Parliament,  but  I  shall  ever  maintain  that  the  basis  of  all 
politics  is  Justice — that  the  basis  of  all  constitutions  is  the 
Sovereignty  of  the  People — and  that  from  the  People  alone, 


*  f)n  ihc  (liscussioa  on  the  overtures  of  peace  from  the  French  ConsulAT 
Government. 


POLITICAL  8EBIES.  197 

kings^  parliaments^  judges^  and  magistrates  derive  their 
authority."* 

Ik  this  Print  Gillrat  has  depicted  Fox  as  the 
Worn-out  Patriot,  making  his  last  dying  speech 
to  the  electors  ov  Westminster. 

The  reader  will  perceive  that  the  words  put  into 
Fox's  mouth  are  a  parody  on  portions  of  Fox's  speech, 
which  was  perfectly  obvious  at  the  time  of  publication ; 
but  much  of  the  point  and  sarcasm  would  be  lost  at  the 
present  day  without  reference  to  the  extracts  we  have  given. 
'^  Gentlemen,  you  see  I  am  grown  quite  an  old  man  in  your 
service  !  Twenty  years  IVe  served  you,  and  always  upon 
the  same  principles.  I  rejoice  at  the  success  of  our  enemies 
in  the  American  war,  and  the  war  against  the  virtuous  French 
has  always  met  with  my  most  determined  opposition;  but 
the  infamous  Ministry  will  not  make  peace  with  our 
enemies,  and  are  determined  to  keep  me  out  of  their 
councils,  and  out  of  place.  Therefore,  gentlemen,  as  their 
principles  are  quite  different  from  mine,  and  as  I  am  now 
too  old  to  form  myself  according  to  their  systems,  my 
attendance  in  Parliament  is  useless  I — and  to  say  the  truth, 
I  feel  that  my  season  of  action  is  past,  and  I  must  leave  to 
younger  men  to  act,  for  alas  !  my  failings  and  weaknesses 
will  not  let  me  now  recognize  what  is  for  the  best. 
Erskine  is  supporting  Fox,  who  appears  '*  worn-out,'' 
and  to  have  scarcely  strength  adequate  to  the  delivery  of 
his  speech.  A  pot  of  ^'  Whitbread's  Entire"  is  placed 
before  him  to  recruit  his  nearly  exhausted  energies.  On 
the  left  of  the  print  stands  Harvey  Combe,  then  Lord 
Mayor,  above  his  head  is  ^^  Vive  la  Liberte."  He  holds 
in  his  right  hand  '^  A  Petition  to  the  Throne,  or  a  new 
way  to  Combe  the  Minister's  wig.^ 


if 


^  It  i«  yery  much  to  be  regretted  that  a  selection  of  some  of  Fox's 
Speeches  at  the  Whig  Club,  and  to  the  Electors  of  Westminster,  was  not 
appended  to  his  Parliamentary  Speeches,  as  they  often  throw  light  on  the 
politics  of  the  day. 


198  qillbay's  carjcatubes. 

The  supposed  ^'  Woen-out  Patriot"  lived  to  form  an 
Administration  in  1806,  in  conjuDction  with  Lord  Gren- 
ville,  and  to  fill  the  office  of  Secretary  of  State  for 
Foreign  Afiairs,  and  George  III.  on  the  death  of  Mr. 
Fox,  declared  that  he  had  never  known  the  duties  of  that 
office  more  efficiently  discharged. 

256. 
THE  MAGNANIMOUS  ALLY.  Jan.  2Qth,  1801. 

THE   EMPEBOB   PAUL. 
Mens  tnrpis,  corpore  torpL 

The  life  of  Paul  I.  Emperor  of  Russia,  was  diversified 
by  many  extraordinary  circumstances.  He  was  the  son  of 
Peter  III.  and  Catherine  II.  He  was  bom  October  1, 
1754.  He  was  the  victim  of  the  bitter  dissensions  which 
then  subsisted  between  his  parents.  No  sooner  was  his 
birth  announced  than  Peter  III.  issued  an  Ukase^  declaring 
his  firm  conviction  that  the  child  was  not  his  son^  and 
caused  this  proclamation  to  be  registered  in  the  archives  of 
the  empire.*  Thus  abandoned  by  his  father,  his  mother 
confided  him  to  the  care  of  a  physician  named  Epinos^ 
and  to  Count  Panin  ;  they  superintented  his  early  educa- 
tion, and  Paul  ever  retained  a  grateful  sense  of  their  at- 
tentions and  services.  Paul  early  evinced  a  disposition  for 
the  acquisition  of  scientific  knowledge ;  but  his  mother 
studiously  discouraged  his  attainment  of  any  considerable 
advance  either  in  literature  or  science.  After  the  death  of 
his  father,  she  entertained  great  jealousy  of  her  son,  and 
did  not  permit  him  to  hold  any  important  appointment. 
She  seldom  allowed  him  to  appear  at  Court,  probably  feel- 
ing the  presence  of  her  son  a  rebuke  on  the  profligate  dis- 

^  Catherine  took  ample  rcrenge  on  her  hnshand.  She  cansed  him  to  be 
arrested.  The  conspirators  persuaded  him  to  st^n  an  act  of  abdication,  then 
imprisoned  him  in  the  fortress  of  Uobscba,  and  within  a  week  poisoned  him. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  199 

solatenesB  of  his  mother's  private  life.  It  is  generally 
understood  that  during  her  last  illness  she  was  devising 
means  to  prevent  his  succession  to  the  throne,  either  by 
secretly  causing  his  death,  or  by  proclaiming  her  adoption 
of  her  grandson  Alexander  as  her  successor,  but  her  death 
took  place  before  she  could  carry  this  design  into  execution. 

The  accession  of  Paul  I.  to  the  throne  was  hailed  with 
universal  joy ;  his  dismissal  of  his  mother's  favourites  was 
regarded  with  approbation ;  singularly  enough,  one  of  the 
first  acts  of  his  government  was  to  order  funeral  honours 
to  the  memory  of  his  father,  which  his  mother  had  with- 
held ;  considering  the  conduct  of  Peter  III.  on  his  birth, 
this  was  esteemed  an  exemplary  instance  of  forgiveness 
and  filial  reverence. 

He  took  the  earliest  opportunity  of  evincing  his  ab- 
horrence of  the  French  Revolution,  of  French  regicides, 
and  the  French  Constitution  and  principles.  He  paid 
great  attention  to  the  exiled  French  princes,  and  assigned 
to  Louis  XYIII.  the  palace  of  Mittau  for  a  residence,  and 
provided  him  an  establishment  worthy  of  imperial  muni- 
ficence and  royal  acceptance.  He  entered  into  a  treaty  of 
confederation  with  Austria  and  England,  to  furnish  a  large 
army  to  operate  against  France.  In  conformity  with  this 
stipulation,  the  formidable  Suwarrow  advanced  to  the  aid 
of  Austria.  His  victorious  troops  advanced  as  far  as 
Switzerland  amidst  a  series  of  brilliant  successes,  and  the 
Emperor  despatched  another  body  of  troops  to  co-operate 
with  the  English  expedition  to  Holland. 

It  might  now  be  said  that  Europe  hailed  Paul  as  its 
future  deliverer  from  the  tyranny  of  French  oppression, 
and  the  restorer  of  sovereigns  to  their  lost  thrones.  The 
press  now  teemed  with  encomiums  on  his  magnanimity.* 


*  Among  the  encomiastic  enloginms  of  Pani,  which  issued  fr6m  the 
London  press,  was  one  entitled  '*  The  Sovbbeion,  a  Poem,  addressed  to 
the  Emperor  of  all  the  Boasias,  by  Charles  Small  Ptbds,  one  of  the 


200  gillrat's  cabicatures. 

But  alas !  these  brilliant  visions  vanished^  and  Snwarrow, 
unsupported  by  the  reinforcements  he  had  expected  from 
Austria,  and  with  a  commissariat  inadequately  provided^ 
was  defeated  by  Massena^  and  retreated  precipitately  to 
Russia^  where  he  was  coolly  received  by  the  Emperor. 
The  expedition  to  Holland  was  equally  unsuccessful.  The 
rage  of  Paul  on  these  combined  disasters  was  excessive. 
He  declared  he  had  been  betrayed  by  the  perfidy  of  the 
Ministers  of  Vienna  and  London^  and  publicly  insulted 
the  Austrian  and  English  Ambassadors  at  his  levee.  A 
further  cause  of  exasperation  soon  occurred.  The  English 
captured  the  island  of  Malta,  of  which  he  had  chosen  to 
constitute  himself  Grrand  Master.  He  withdrew  from  his 
alliance  with  England  and  Austria.  For  some  time  he 
remained  quiescent^  and  seemed  disposed  to  observe  a 
neutrality  between  the  belligerents ;  when  to  the  astonish- 
ment of  Europe,  there  appeared  a  proclamation  in  the 
Court  Gazette  of  St.  Petersburgh,  stating,  that  *'  Thb 
Emperob  of  Russia  finding  that  the  Powers  of  Europe 
cannot  agree  among  themselves,  and  being  desirous 
to  put  an  end  to  a  war,  which  has  desolated  it  fob 
eleven  years,  intends  to  point  out  a  spot,  to  which 
he   will   invite   all  the  other  sovereigns  to  repair^ 

Lords  Commissioners  of  the  Treasury.*'  The  opposition  wits  assailed  the 
Treasury  Poetaster  with  the  shafts  of  ridicule  ;  the  best  epigram  on  the 
occasion  was  one  in  Latin,  written  by  Porson,  and  put  into  the  month  of 
Pye,  the  Poet  Laureate. 

Arcui-Poeta — Loquitwr. 
'*  Non  aumm  qnaerunt.  sed  Laurum  Pittqne  Pybnsque, 
Queis  hujus  nihil  est^iUius  ampla  segos 
Aurum,  non  Laurum  desiderat  Archi-Poeta» 

Tarn  raro  solitus  carpere  dente  cibos, 
8i  non  de  facto,  de  Jure  Poeta  Ego, 
Sed  nee  do  facto,  nee  de  Jure  Poeta  Pybus." 

On  the  death  of  Paul  the  following  distich  was  circulated: — 

*  The  downfall  of  Paul, 
Makes  Pybus  sing  small" 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  201 

TO  FIGHT  IN  SINGLE  COMBAT^  bringing  with  them  as 
seconds  and  esquires^  their  most  enlightened  ministers 
and  able  generals^  such  as  Thargot^  Pitt,  Bernstofif^  and 
that  the  Emperor  himself  purposes  being  attended  by 
Grenerals  Count  Pahlen  and  Kutnsoff/^  The  imperial 
Quixote,  however,  did  not  find  any  royal  Knight-errant 
to  come  forward  to  break  a  lance  with  him,  and  we  pre- 
sume he  considered  this  as  a  confession  on  the  part  of 
each  monarch,  that  he  was  *'  impar  congressus  Achilli." 
He  who  had  denounced  the  French  Revolution,  and 
French  Government,  in  unmeasured  terms,  now  ordered  a 
bust  of  Bonaparte  to  fill  a  conspicuous  place  in  his  palace, 
and  entered  into  an  alliance,  offensive  and  defensive,  with 
him;  one  great  object  of  this  treaty  was  to  drive  the 
English  out  of  India,  and  to  humble  the  maritime  supre- 
macy of  England.  In  furtherance  of  this  latter  object, 
he  effected  a  confederacy  of  the  Northern  Powers  for  the 
enforcing  of  the  claims  of  neutrals  to  a  free  navigation. 

He  soon  after  began  to  exhibit  decided  marks  of  a  dis- 
ordered mind.  He  issued  the  most  arbitrary  edicts.  He 
did  not  confine  himself  to  petty  acts  of  annoyance,  such 
as  that.  No  person  in  the  Russian  Empire  should  wear  a 
round  hat,  &c.  but  he  conducted  himself  with  the  most 
brutal  violence  to  his  nobility,  and  to  some  of  his  most 
distinguished  generals.  No  one  felt  himself  safe  from 
the  paroxysms  of  his  rage.  The  consequence  was  a  con- 
spiracy formed  against  his  life,  and  organized  notwith- 
standing the  severity  and  vigilance  of  his  precautions. 
Twenty  conspirators  entered  the  palace  by  the  garden 
gate.  The  sentinels  at  first  refused  them  admission, 
stating  the  Emperor  had  retired  to  rest ;  but  they  assured 
them  there  was  a  fire  in  the  city.  By  an  extraordinary 
law  of  Russia,  the  Emperor  is  bound  to  attend  personally 
at  every  fire  in  the  capital.*    The  sentinels  confiding  in 

'*'  The  same  law  prevails  in  China.  The  Emperor  of  China  is  boand 
personally  to  attend  fires  in  his  capital. 


202  qillray's  caricatures. 

the  distinguished  generals,  whom  they  recognized^  gave 
admittance ;  when  they  entered  the  palace,  a  Cossack  on 
duty,  perceiving  they  were  armed,  gave  a  shriek,  and  was 
instantly  immolated.  Paul,  however,  heard  the  shriek,  and 
suspecting  some  treachery  rose  from  his  bed,  and  hid 
himself  in  a  closet.  The  conspirators  supposed  he  had 
escaped,  but  General  Beningsen  feeling  the  sheets,  and 
finding  them  warm,  was  convinced  that  he  was  secreted 
in  the  room.  They  discovered  and  dragged  him  out  of 
the  closet.  Paul  made  considerable  resistance ;  but  after 
receiving  several  wounds,  was  eventually  strangled  with 
his  own  military  sash  in  the  night  between  the  11th  and 
12th  of  March.  He  died  in  the  47th  year  of  his  age,  and 
the  fifth  of  his  reign. 

GiLLRAT   HAS   CHOSEN   FOR    HIS    MOTTO,   '^  MeNS     TuSPIS, 

CoRPORE  Turpi  ;''  but  some  allowance  should  be  made  for 
his  early  persecutions  both  by  father  and  mother.  His 
father  had  disowned  him,  and  his  mother  had  not  only 
treated  him  with  great  rigour,  but  with  almost  her  dying 
breath  had  endeavoured  to  prevent  his  succession  to  the 
throne.  Such  unnatural  conduct  on  the  part  of  both 
parents  may  have  preyed  on  his  mind,  and  engendered  the 
seeds  of  insanity,  and  may  be  pleaded  in  extenuation  of 
his  brutality  of  conduct  in  the  latter  part  of  his  life. 


257. 
THE  UNION  CLUB.  Jan.  21««,  1801. 

TIERNET.         DUKE   OF   BEDFORD.         FOX.         PRINCE   OF  WALES 
UNDER  THE   TABLE.  LORD   STANHOPE.  ERSKINE. 

SIR  JONAS   BARRINOTON.  LORD    MOIRA.  SHERIDAN. 

SIR   F.   BURDETT.  DUKE   OF  NORFOLK.  LORD  CHOL- 

MONDELT.  MR.  MANNERS  (iN  THE  HAT.)  LORD  KIRKUD- 
BRIOHT.  8TURT.  COL.  HANQER.  MARQUIS  OF  LANSDOWNE. 
DR.  PARR.  TYRWHITT  JONES.  MARQUIS  OF  QUEENS- 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  203 

BEBBY.         NICHOLLS.         LORD   DEBBT.        COL.    8.   MATTHEWS. 
SIB  LUMLET   SKEFFINQTON. 

The  present  century  opened  with  that  important  national 
measure^  the  Union  of  Ireland^  which  created  much  agita- 
tion at  the  time^  and  among  the  emanations  of  popular 
feeling  was  the  establishment  of  the  Union  Club,  which 
held  its  meetings  in  Cumberland  House,  Pall  Mall,  and 
which  furnished  the  subject  of  the  present  caricature.  The 
Union  Club  was  for  a  short  time  exceedingly  &ishionable> 
and  its  festivities  were  proportionally  celebrated.  Gillray 
has  made  a  union  of  all  shades  and  parties  in  one  great 
scene  of  jovial  and  tumultuous  ebriety.  The  great  drinkers 
of  the  political  stage,  including  the  Prince  of  Wales,  who 
has  involuntarily  deserted  the  presidential  chair,  and  the 
Duke  of  Norfolk^  are  all  under  the  table.  Most  of  the 
party  are  easily  recognized.  Dr.  Parr,  with  his  pot  of 
porter,  holds  a  prominent  place ;  and  Lord  Lansdowne,  the 
advocate  of  concession  to  the  Irish  Catholics,  is  using  a 
crucifix  for  a  tobacco  stopper.  The  &ishionable  pair.  Colonel 
Matthews  and  Sir  Lumley  Skeffington,  appear  together  in 
a  state  of  elevation  at  the  extreme  right. 

258. 
INTEGRITY  RETIRING  FROM  OFFICE ! 

February  24th,  1801. 

JBETLL.  DUKE  OF  NOBFOLE.  SIB  F.   BUBDETT.  DUKE 

OF  BEDFOBD.  NICHOLLS.  TIBBNET.  TYBWHITT 

JONES.  8HEBIDAN.  CANNING.  LOBD   QBENVILLE. 

LOBD  LOUGHBOBOUGH.  DUNDAS.  PITT. 

On  the  resignation  of  Pitt's  Ministry,  in  the  February 
of  1801.  The  Whigs  whose  tattered  appearance  would 
certainly  entitle  them  to  be  classed  under  the  head  of 
''improper  persons,''  are  rushing  to  obtain  the  places 
thus  vacated,  but  are  held  back  by  the  sentinel  at  the 
Treasury  gate,  who  perhaps  is  intended  to  represent 
Addington,  the  Pi'emier  who  succeeded  Pitt. 


204  gillray's  caricatures. 


269. 

POLITICAL  AMUSEMENTS  FOR  YOUNG  GENTLE- 
MEN;— OR,  THE  OLD  BRENTFORD  SHUTTLE- 
COCK  BETWEEN  OLD  SARUM  AND  THE 
TEMPLE  OF  ST.  STEPHEN.        March  15th,  1801. 

LORD  TEMPLE.  HORNE  TOOEE.  LORD  CAHELFOBD. 

Lord  Camelford  and  Lord  Temple  are  playing  Battle- 
door  and  Shuttlecock  in  St.  Stephen's  Chapel.  The 
shuttlecock  is  Home  Tooke's  head,  into  which  five  feathers 
are  inserted,  each  bearing  an  inscription. — "Deceit.''— 
''Vanity."— "Jacobinism."— "New  Morality."— "Envy." 
— ^A  clerical  band  is  fastened  under  the  shuttlecock.  Lord 
Camelford*  calls  out,  "There's  a  stroke  for  you,  messmate, 
and  if  you  kick  him  back,  I'll  return  him  again,  damme  I 
If  I  should  be  sent  a  cruise  to  Moorfields  for  it !  Go  it, 
Coz."  Lord  Temple  answers  :  "  Send  him  back  ?  Yes, 
I'll  send  him  back  twenty  thousand  times  before  such  a 
high  flying  Jacobin  shuttlecock  should  perch  it  here  in 
his  clerical  band."  On  Lord  Camelford's  coat  pocket  is 
inscribed,  "Effusions  of  Loyalty;"  and  on  the  ground 
between  his  legs  lies  "  List  of  Candidates  for  Old  Sarum, 
J.  H.  Tooke,  Black  Dick,t  and  ThelwalL" 

Mr.  Home,  who  afterwards  assumed  the  name  of 
Tooke,  was  bom  in  1 734.  He  was  the  son  of  a  poulterer 
in  Newport  Market.  His  father  bestowed  on  him  a  liberal 
education.  He  placed  him  first  at  Westminster  School, 
and  in  1754  sent  him  to  St.  John's  College,  CambridgOj 

*  Lord  Camelford  was  a  Lienteoant  in  the  Navy. 

t  Black  Dick.  It  was  carrently  reported  that  Lord  Camelford  had  declared 
his  intentioii  of  retaming  his  Black  Serrant  for  Old  Samm  in  case  the  Ilonae 
annulled  the  election  of  Home  Tooke.  Lord  Camelford  very  properly  dis- 
claimed ever  having  entertained  the  intention  of  offering  so  gross  an  insolt 
tu  the  lloose. 


POLITICAL   SEBIES.  205 

where  he  distinguished  himself  by  his  assiduity  and  pro- 
ficiency in  his  studies.  It  was  his  most  anxious  wish  to 
have  devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  the  Law,  and  to  have 
pursued  it  as  a  profession ;  but  was  induced  to  enter  tho 
Church  by  the  importunate  solicitations  of  his  father.  He 
was  ordained  Priest  in  1760,  and  in  the  same  year  was 
instituted  into  the  living  of  New  Brentford,  which  was 
said  to  have  been  purchased  for  him  by  his  father.  He 
here  discharged  the  duties  of  a  parish  priest  for  some 
years  in  an  exemplary  manner.  In  1 763  he  accompanied 
the  son  of  the  celebrated  Elwes  to  France  as  his  travelling 
tutor,  or,  as  he  himself  expressed  it,  as  '^  bear-leader." 
They  remained  a  year  in  France,  principally  at  Paris,  and 
the  society  and  enjoyments  afforded  by  that  gay  metropolis 
were  most  probably  more  congenial  to  his  taste  than  the 
duties  of  the  parish  priest  of  New  Brentford.  At  the 
expiration  of  the  year  he  returned  to  his  vicarage,  and 
resumed  his  clerical  duties,  and  he  might  now  perhaps 

'*  While  yet  no  patriot  project  poshing, 
Content  I  thnmp'd  old  Brentford's  cushion, 
I  passed  my  life  so  free  and  gaily, 
Not  dreaming  of  that  damned  Old  Bailey.*' 

At  Paris,  however,  he  had  formed  an  acquaintance  with 
Wilkes,  and  this  is  supposed  to  have  given  him  the  first 
taste  for  politics.  At  a  subsequent  period  he  took  an 
active  part  in  the  Middlesex  Election,  and  by  his  exertions 
gpreatly  promoted  the  interest  of  Wilkes.  He  now  plunged 
deeper  into  politics.  Wilkes  and  Tooke  subsequently 
quarrelled,  and  a  most  vituperative  correspondence  ensued 
between  them ;  it  would  be  difficult  to  decide  to  which  the 
palm  of  scurrility  should  be  assigned.  He  contended 
with  Junius,  with  keener,  and  more  polished  weapons, 
and  is  allowed  to  be  the  only  antagonist  of  that  formidable 
assailant,  who  retired  unscathed  from  the  field,  and  even 
left  the  victory  doubtful. 


206  gillrat's  caricatures. 

Our  limits  will  not  permit  us  to  follow  Home  through 
the  whole  course  of  his  politiccJ  life,  we  can  only  glance  at 
some  of  the  leading  events  of  it ;  particularly  his  election 
as  member  for  Old  Sarum,  as  that  involved  a  great  con- 
stitutional question* 

In  1773  he  resigned  his  vicarage  of  New  Brentford,  and 
applied  himself  to  the  study  of  the  Tiaw.  He  entered 
himself  as  a  student  at  the  Inner  Temple,  and  regularly 
took  his  commons  there.  The  kindness  of  four  finends 
enabled  him  to  do  this,  by  presenting  him  with  a  joint 
bond,  engaging  to  pay  him  an  annuity  of  £480,  to  remain 
in  force  till  he  was  called  to  the  Bar.  While  he  was 
pursuing  his  legal  studies,  he  rendered  an  important  ser- 
vice to  Mr.  William  Tooke,  one  of  the  friends  who  had 
fvranted  the  annuity  bond.  Mr.  Tooke  despondingly 
stated  to  Mr.  Home,  that  his  estate  at  Purley  (near  Gk>d- 
stone,  in  Surrey),  was  about  to  suffer  a  most  serious 
depreciation  by  the  oppressive  conduct  of  a  neighbouring 
landed  proprietor,  who,  unable  to  wrest  his  manorial  rights 
from  him  by  a  vexatious  kwsuit,  had  now  resorted  to  the 
decisive  expedient  of  an  Act  of  Parliament,  to  deprive  him 
of  them  by  an  inclosure  bill.  He  said  the  bill  had  been 
smuggled  through  the  House;  every  attempt  of  his 
Counsel  to  place  the  matter  in  its  true  light,  and  convince 
the  Committee  of  the  injustice  of  the  clauses  affecting  his 
interest  had  failed  by  the  Parliamentary  influence  of  his 
opponent.  He  added,  the  bill  was  to  be  read  the  third 
time  the  next  day,  and  there  was  no  doubt  it  would  be 
carried.  Home  answered :  '^  If  the  facts  are  as  you  have 
represented,  the  House  shall  not  pass  that  bill."  He  had 
recourse  to  a  most  extraordiuary  device,  which  would  have 
occurred  to  few  persons,  and  still  fewer  would  have  had 
the  courage  or  audacity  to  put  in  execution.  He  instantly 
wrote  a  most  virulent  libel  on  the  Speaker  (Sir  Fletcher 
Norton),  charging  him  with  robbing  an  individual  of  his 
property  in  order  to  enrich  a  favoured  person.     He  then 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  207 

repaired  to  the  office  of  the  Public  Advertiser,  and  desired 
to  have  it  inserted  in  the  next  day's  paper.  Woodfall  told 
him  the  article  was  so  flagrant  a  libel  on  the  Speaker,  that 
it  was  impossible  the  House  should  pass  it  over*  He  would^ 
however,  insert  it  on  condition  that  Home  would  consent 
to  his  giving  up  the  name  of  the  author.  Home  assured 
him  this  was  the  object  he  coveted.  The  following  day, 
as  soon  as  the  House  of  Commons  met,  Woodfall  was 
ordered  to  be  taken  into  custody,  by  the  Serjeant  at  Arme^ 
for  this  libellous  attack  on  the  dignity  and  honour  of  the 
House  of  Commons.  He  gave  up  the  name  of  the  writer, 
and  Home,  who  was  standing  by  his  side  at  the  Bar, 
avowed  himself  to  be  the  author*  The  announcement  of 
his  name  excited  a  great  sensation ;  Woodfall  was  dis- 
charged, and  Home  taken  into  custody.  When  called 
upon  for  his  defence,  he  disclaimed  all  intention  of  insult 
to  the  Speaker,  and  professed  the  highest  respect  for  his 
impartiality ;  but  he  had  had  recoarse  to  this  artifice  as  the 
only  means  of  drawing  the  attention  of  the  House  and  the 
public  to  the  atrocious  injustice  of  the  Bill.  He  then  in 
a  calm  manner  and  most  luminous  speech  analysed  the 
Bill,  and  shewed  the  great  injustice  which  would  be 
inflicted  by  it.  His  statement  produced  conviction  on  his 
auditory,  the  obnoxious  clauses  were  expunged,  and  his 
friend's  property  saved  from  the  intended  spoliation.  The 
House  also  passed  resolutions  to  prevent  the  possibility  of 
such  negligence  of  examination  occuriing  in  the  passing 
of  all  future  bills  of  inclosure. 

One  difficulty  remained  to  the  House, — how  to  dispose 
of  Home !  It  seemed  impossible  to  punish  a  man  for  an  act, 
which  was  admitted  to  have  been  the  means  of  saving  the 
House  from  committing  a  flagrant  act  of  injustice.  They 
therefore  chose  to  resolve,  that  Mr.  Home  be  discharged 
from  the  custody  of  the  Serjeant-at-Arms,  as  there  was 
not  sufficient  proof  of  his  being  the  author  of  the  libel  I 
This  was  amusing  enough,  as  he    had    commenced    his 

14 


208  gillrat's  caricatures. 

address  by  avowing  the  authorship ;  but  the  House,  dis- 
covering its  error  respecting  the  Bill,  would  not  allow  him 
to  criminate  himself.  Mr.  Tooke  was  delighted  with  the 
result,  and  at  his  death  bequeathed  him  the  estate  at 
Purley,  and  requested  he  would  assume  the  name  of 
Tooke  in  addition  to  Home. 

When  the  period  of  calling  him  to  the  bar  arrived  at 
maturity,  the  Benchers  of  the  Inner  Temple  refused  to  call 
him  on  account  of  his  having  been  ordained  a  priest.  We 
do  not  question  the  propriety  of  this  decision ;  but  we 
think  it  would  have  been  only  candid,  and  even  just,  to 
have  informed  him  of  the  alleged  impediment  at  the  period 
of  enroUing  his  name  as  a  student  on  the  books  of  their 
society,  and  suffering  him  to  spend  several  years  in  study- 
ing a  profession  under  their  auspices,  without  communi- 
cating to  him  the  fruitlessness  of  the  pursuit. 

In  1790  he  was  a  candidate  to  represent  the  City  of 
Westminster.  In  1794  he  was  arrested  and  tried  for 
High  Treason,  and  was  acquitted.*  He  displayed  extra- 
ordinary acuteness  and  talents  in  aiding  his  Counsel, 
Erskine  and  Gibbs,  on  that  occasion.  In  1 798  he  again 
stood  unsuccessfully  for  Westminster. 

In  1801  he  was  returned  to  Parliament  for  the  borough 
of  Old  Sarum  on  the  nomination  of  Lord  Camelford. 

On  the  16th  of  February  he  was  introduced  to  the 
House  of  Commons  by  Sir  Francis  Burdett  and  Mr.  Wil- 
son. The  gravest  countenances  relaxed  into  a  smile,  when 
they  saw  the  new  Speaker,  Sir  John  Mitford,  cordially 
shake  him  by  the  hand  and  congratulate  him  on  his  elec- 
tion. If  was  fresh  in  the  recollection  of  all,  that,  the  same 
Sir  John  Mitford  only  seven  years  before  had  endeavoured, 
in  a  speech  of  five  hours  and  a  half,  to  persuade  a  jury  to 


*  Windham,  adverting  to  the  acquittal  of  Home  Tooke  and  his  associates, 
inteniperately  called  them  **  Acquitted  Felons."  Sheridan  reminded  him 
that  there  were  some  "  Unacquitted  Felons"  in  the  country. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  209 

convict  him  of  high  treason,  and  subject  him  to  all  the 
dreadful  penalties  attached  to  that  crime.  As  soon  as 
Home  Tooke  had  taken  his  seat,  Earl  Temple  rose  and 
said,  '^  he  had  observed  a  gentleman,  who  had  just  retired 
from  the  table,  after  having  taken  the  oaths,  whom  he 
considered  to  be  incapable  of  a  seat  in  that  House,  in  con- 
sequence of  his  having  taken  Priest's  Orders,  and  been 
inducted  into  a  living.  He  should  wait  the  allotted  time 
of  fourteen  days  to  see  if  there  was  any  petition  presented 
against  the  return,  if  not,  he  should  then  move  that  the 
return  for  Old  Sarum  be  taken  into  consideration/' 
Feb.  19th,  he  spoke  on  Mr.  Sturt's  motion  relative  to  the 
failure  of  the  Ferrol  Expedition.  In  the  course  of  his 
speech  he  remarked,  '^  If  the  House  refuse  to  go  into  a 
Committee  of  Inquiry,  with  what  propriety  can  they  enter 
into  the  merits  of  the  return  for  Old  Sarum  and  its 
member  ?  How  can  they  plunge  themselves  into  inquiries 
and  discussions  about  who  is,  and  who  is  not  a  priest,  and 
whether  a  thirty  years'  quarantine  is  not  sufficient  to 
guard  against  the  infection  of  his  original  character  ?" 

On  the  10th  of  March  Lord  Temple  moved  for  the  ap- 
pointment of  a  Committee  to  obtain  proofs  of  the  ordination 
of  Home,  and  to  search  for  precedents  respecting  the  eligi- 
bility of  a  clergyman.  He  supported  his  motion  by  a  very 
elaborate  speech.  Home  commenced  his  reply  by  declar- 
ing, that  much  unnecessary  time  would  be  wasted  in  the 
search  for  proof  of  his  having  taken  orders.  ''  I  would,'' 
said  he,  ''have  saved  his  Lordship  the  trouble,  acknow- 
ledging then,  as  I  do  now,  that  upwards  of  forty  years  I  was 
ordained  a  Priest.  Sir,  I  then  understood  from  your 
authority  (addressing  the  Speaker)  that  such  admission 
cannot  be  received,  and  acted  upon  by  this  House.  I  ought 
to  have  some  knowledge  of  the  proceedings  of  this  House, 
for  I  have  been  in  the  custody  of  the  Serjeant-at-Arms, 
and  from  that  knowledge  I  aver  that  it  is  the  constant 
practice  of  this  House  to  take  the  admission  of  parties  as 


210  gillray's  caricatures. 

evidcnco  of  facts.  '  Habes  eonfitentem  reum,*  1  ask  is 
there  any  specific  or  positive  law  against  my  sitting  in  this 
House  f  That  there  is  not,  is  pretty  evident  from  the  course 
now  pursued.  The  Grenville  Act  for  regulating  decisions 
on  controverted  elections  does  not  exclude  me.  Will  it  be 
said  the  Canon  law  does  ?  Will  t];iis  House  acknowledge 
the  Canon  law  to  be  binding  on  the  proceedings  of  this 
House,  and  can  the  Canon  law  bind  a  person  who  has 
taken  clerical  orders  and  renounced  them  ?  Must  wo  have 
recourse  to  the  old  proverb,  '  Once  a  captain  always  a 
captain."'  He  concluded  a  very  able  speech,  thus :  '*  I  am 
sorry  to  have  troubled  the  House  so  long.  I  will  just  by 
the  way  observe  that,  I  not  only  entreat,  but  call  upon  the 
House  to  pay  but  little  regard  to  any  observation,  which 
some  men  may  make  upon  their  having  a  large  Stake  in 
the  country,  from  whence  they  would  infer  that,  that  is 
every  security,  which  can  be  desired  for  their  public  virtue. 
Sir,  I  have  a  Stake,  and  a  deep  Stake  in  this  country — 
my  character,  a  Stake  not  stolen  from  the  public  hedge,* 
but  planted  there ;  a  Stake  that  I  would  not  change  with 
the  noble  Lord, — and  all  his  connexions  put  together. 
His  Stake  cannot  be  augmented  or  increased  but  out  of 
the  Public  Stock ;  but  mine  is  augmented  when  I  can  add 
to  the  common  stock  of  happiness  and  public  benefit  of 
mankind.'*  Lord  Temple's  motion  was  carried.  See 
Hansard's  Debates,  Vol.  35. 

The  Report  of  the  Committee  having  been  presented  to 
the  House ;  Lord  Temple,  on  the  4th  of  May,  moved  that 

*  This  Allndcs  to  an  oocurreDoe  m  a  debate  a  few  yean  before,  wbea 
Tiernej,  having  strong^  condemned  the  continnance  of  the  war,  said  that 
it  was  chiefiy  supported  by  Placemen,  expectant  Placemen,  or  persons  de- 
rivhig  a  profit  from  it,  and  not  by  independent  men.  Lord  Temple  in  reply 
said,  in  a  haughty  manner,  that  the  honourable  gentleman  must  at  least 
allow  that  he  was  an  independent  member,  and  that  he  and  his  family  had 
a  large  Stake  in  the  country.  Tierney  retorted  that  the  Noble  Lord  had 
told  them  thsit  he  and  his  l&mlly  held  a  large  StaJce  in  the  country^  bat  he 
luul  omitted  to  add  that,  it  fvas  stolen  from  tlie  public  hedge. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  211 

the  Rev.  John  Home  Tooke  having  been  ordained  a  priesi 
was  ineligible  to  sit  in  this  Hoase.  He  supported  his 
motion  in  a  very  elaborate  speech.  Tooke  replied  with 
great  ability^  and  contended  that  the  Noble  Lord  had  failed 
to  make  out  a  case.  '^  I  have  been  told  that  I  have  a  vote 
in  the  Convocation.  It  is  above  forty  years  since  I  took 
orders,  and  I  never  once  was  summoned  to  the  Convocation,* 
spoke  in  it,  or  gave  a  vote  in  it.  They  say  it  is  improper  for 
a  clergyman  to  sit  in  this  house ;  do  things  then  pass  here 
improper  for  a  clergyman  to  witness.  The  door,  however, 
is  not  absolutely  barred  against  me.  There  is  an  unfortu- 
nate clergyman,  who  has  lately  been  guilty  of  adultery, 
and  the  cry  has  been  loud  that  he  should  be  deprived. 
Were  he  really  deprived.  Sir,  I  suppose  there  cannot  be  a 
doubt  that  being  no  longer  in  orders  he  would  be  eligible 
to  a  seat  in  this  House.  But  still.  Sir,  they  object  to  me 
on  account  of  being  a  clergjrman.  If  I  had  been  tainted 
with  infidelity,  and  tried  to  make  proselytes  to  it,  I  should 
then  be  as  competent  to  sit  here  as  any  member  present. 
This  reminds  me  of  an  occurrence  which  took  place  in  this 
city  a  few  years  ago.  A  poor  girl  in  very  indigent  cir- 
cumstances, and  quite  destitute,  went  to  a  director  of  the 
Magdalen  Hospital,  and  applied  to  be  taken  in.  *  Why,^ 
said  he,  '  ^tis  true  there  is  now  a  vacancy,  and  I  have 
no  objection  to  admit  you;  but  first  let  me  hear  something 
of  your  history.  Who  seduced  you  ?  Where  have  you  lived 
since?'  'Seduced  me,'  e:j:claimed  the  girl,  'I  am  as 
innocent  as  the  child  unborn.  I  may  be  poor,  your  honour, 
but  I'm  very  honest.'  '  You  won't  do  for  us  then,'  replied 
the  Governor,  *  if  you  wish  admittance  here  you  must  go 
and  qualify  yourself  by  prostitution  I'f    That  innocence 

*  Mr.  Fox  in  the  course  of  bis  speech  quoted  from  a  poet  who  introduced 
common  sense  as  a  Queen  goyeming  the  world  by  her  sway. 

**  Fair  Common  Sense,  whilst  thou  on  earth  dost  reign, 
The  Conyocation  will  not  meet  again." 
t  This  anecdote  of  the  worthy  Goyemor  of  the  Magdalen  recalls  to  our 


212  gtllray's  caricatubes. 

should  in  any  way  be  a  disqualification  !'*  He  then  con- 
tinued, *'  To  exercise  the  functions  of  the  Ministry  a  clergy- 
man must  have  preferment,  or  the  licence  of  the  bishop,  and 
the  moment  he  is  deprived  of  them  he  ceases  to  be  a  priest. 
The  Rev.  Dr.  Walker  defended  the  town  of  Londonderry, 
when  the  military  had  fled,  and  thus  prevented  it  from 
falling  into  the  hands  of  James  11.  Eang  William  was  so 
highly  pleased  with  his  gallantry,  and  felt  so  grateful  for 
his  services  that  he  wished  to  make  him  a  bishop.  But 
no;  the  bishops  interfered;  a  man  stained  with  blood,  they 
said,  was  unfit  to  officiate  in  that  sacred  character.  King 
William,  however,  gave  him  a  regiment,  and  he  died  in 
Flanders,  fighting  bravely  by  his  side.  He  made  as  good 
a  colonel  as  if  he  had  never  entered  the  church.  We  are 
perseveringly  told  a  clergyman  should  not  discharge  any 
other  duty  than  those  of  his  profession.  The  present 
Bishop  of  Lincoln,  Dr.  Prettyman,  was  private  secretary 
to  Mr.  Pitt;  and  the  present  Bishop  of  Meath  (Dr. 
O'Beime),  was  private  secretary  to  the  Duke  of  Portland. 
It  is  not  long  since  a  gentleman  sat  in  this  House,  who 
was  then  a  Colonel  of  Militia,  and  who  had  formerly  been 
in  orders.''  Lord  Temple's  motion  was  negatived,  and 
the  previous  question  carried.  This  confirmed  Home 
Tooke's  right  to  sit  in  the  House.  Mr.  Addington,  as  soon 
as  the  division  was  announced,  gave  notice  of  his  inten- 
tion to  bring  in  a  bill  to  disqualify  clergymen  to  sit  in 
future,  and  this  bill  was  passed  into  a  law.  Tooke 
continued  to  sit  during  the  remainder  of  the  Parliament. 
In  1802  Parliament  was  dissolved,  and  he  was  no  longer 
eligible. 

Tooke  acquired  a  high  and  permanent  reputation  by 

rocollcction  an  locideDt  in  Footc'd  Farce  of  the  Minor, — "Mrs. Colo:  Com« 
along  Lucy,  yon  banhful  baggage,  I  thought  I  bad  silenced  your  scruples. 
Don't  you  remember  what  Mr.  Squintum  said,  •  A  woman's  not  worth 
saving  tliat  won't  be  guilty  of  a  swinging  sin,  for  tlicn  she  has  matter  to 
rc]>ent  upon.'  "    Act  3,  scene  1 . 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  213 


€t 


The  Diversions  of  Parley/'*  which  has  procured  him  a 
distinguished  place  among  British  Philologists.  He  died 
in  March  1812. 


260. 

LILLIPUTIAN   SUBSTITUTES,  EQUIPPING    FOR 
PUBLIC  SERVICE.  May  28th,  1801. 

LORD  BLDON.       ADDINOTON.        LORD   HAWSBSBUBT.       CHARLES 

TORKB  (who  succeeded  Windham  as  Secretary  at  War). 

LORD  HOBART.      YANSITTART  AND  J.  H.  ADDINOTON  (Secre- 
taries of  the  Treasury.) 

A  satire  upon  the  incapacity,  as  it  was  said  by  their 
opponents,  of  the  Ministers  who  succeeded  Pitt's  Cabinet. 
The  print,  with  its  inscriptions,  sufficiently  explains  itself. 


261. 

PRELIMINARIES  OF  PEACE  f— OR,  JOHN  BULL 
AND  HIS  LITTLE  FRIENDS  MARCHING  TO 
PARIS.  October  6th,  1801. 

LORD  MOIRA.  FOX.  GBN.  WALPOLB.  'SHBRIDAN.  M.  A. 
TATLOR.  SIR  J.   BURDETT.  LORD   DERBT.         NICH0LL9. 

TIBRNET.         DUKE   OF  NORFOLK.         LORD  HAWKESBURT. 

Lord  Hawkesbury,  who  was  now  Minister  of  Foreign 
Affidrs,  in  one  of  his  speeches  at  the  commencement  of 
the  war,  spoke  of  marching  to  Pl^s,  and  here  he  is 
introduced  as  putting  his  threat  into  effect,  but  not  in  a 
very  hostile  manner.  The  preliminaries  of  the  hollow 
peace  of  1801  were  signed  on  the  1st  of  October. 

•  The  title  of  this  work  was  derived  from  the  name  of  the  estate  he- 
qncathed  him  by  Mr.  Tooke. 


214  oillbay's  caricatures. 

262. 
POLITICAL  DREAMERS  !— VISIONS  OP  PEACE! 
PERSPECTIVE  HORRORS  !       November  9th,  1801. 

PITT.         FOX.         LORD   HAWEESBURT.         BUONAPART£.        M.   A. 
TAYLOR.  WINDHAM.  LORD   DERBY.  NICHOLLS. 

QEN.  WALFOLE.  COL.  HANGER.  ER8KINE.  SHERIDAN. 
SIR  F.  BURDETT.  DUKE  OF  BEDFORD.  DUKE  OF  NORFOLK. 
TIERNEY. 

On  the  warm  debates  in  Parliament  upon  the  prelimi- 
naries of  peace.  Windham  was  the  leader  of  the  Opposi- 
tion to  the  peace^  and  indulged  in  prognostications  which 
the  friends  of  the  peace  declared  to  be  of  the  most 
visionary  character. 

263. 
PREPARING   FOR   THE   GRAND   ATTACK;— OR, 
A    PRIVATE    REHEARSAL    OP    THE    CI-DE- 
VANT  MINISTRY  IN  DANGER.      Dec.  4th,  1801. 

SHERinAN.         HORNE   TOOKE.         FOX.         SIR  F.   BURDETT. 

Sir  Francis  Burdett  receiving  instructions  in  political 
warfare  from  the  three  great  Opposition  orators  of  the 
day.  Soon  after  this  period,  on  the  12th  of  April,  1802, 
Burdett  brought  forward  a  motion  to  inquire  into  the 
conduct  of  the  late  Ministry.  It  was  for  this  display  that 
he  is  here  supposed  to  be  preparing. 

264. 
THE  NATIONAL  PARACHUTE,— OR,  JOHN  BULL 
CONDUCTED   TO  PLENTY    AND    EMANCIPA- 
TION.  July  lOth,  1802. 

JOHN   BULL.  PITT. 

On  Pitt's  financial  schemes.  The  parachute  was  the 
fashionable  invention  of  the  day.     It  is  related  in  the 


POLITICAX   SERIES.  215 

Journals  of  the  21st  of  September,  1802,  very  soon  after 
the  date  of  this  plate,  that  Mr.  Gramerin  (a  celebrated  aero- 
naut) descended  on  that  day  in  a  parachute.  This  newly 
invented  machine  is  described  as  made  of  canvas  in  the 
form  of  an  umbrella,  having  at  the  top  a  large  flexible  hoop 
of  about  eight  feet  in  diameter.  Beneath  this  was  a  basket 
or  tube  of  wicker  work,  in  which  the  aeronaut  was  seated. 

265. 

SKETCHES    OP    THE    INTERIOR    OF    ST.    STE- 
PHEN'S  AS  IT  NOW  STANDS.    March  Ut,  1802. 

LOBD  HAWEESBUBT.  DICKINSON.  NICH0LL8.         TIE&NET. 

ADDINGTON.  ABBOT. 

The  new  Minister  addressing  the  House,  and  surrounded 
by  his  supporters,  a  heterogeneous  mass  of  Whigs  and 
Tories.  Lord  Hawkesbury  is  seated  behind  him  in  his 
usual  pensive  attitude. 

266. 
HOPE.  April  8ih,  1802. 

MB.  DICKENSON.  LOBD   HAWKESBUBY.  ADDINGTON. 

The  group  within  the  House  is  nearly  the  same  as  that 
pourtrayed  in  the  above  print.  Dickenson,  who  is  looking 
in  from  the  lobby,  listens  to  the  hopeful  promises  of  the 
ministerial  orator. 

267. 
DESPAIR.  AprU  8th,  1802. 

EOBSON.  TYBWHITT  JONES.  MAETIN.  SIB  P.  BUBDBTT. 

In  this  Gillray  makes  Robson  thus  address  the  Speaker : 
— "  We  are  aU  ruinated.  Sir !  all  diddled.  Sir !  abused  by 
placemen,  Sir  f  bankrupts  all.  Sir  I  not  worth  £16.  10«, 
Sir!"  Behind  him  is  Tyrwhitt  Jones,  who  has  inscribed 
on  his  coat : — '^  Ignorance  of   the  old  Administration ; 


216  oillray's  caricatures. 

Stupidity  of  the  new  Administration ;  Ministerial  Tricks  ; 
Plonder;  Blander;  Collusion;  Impeachment;  Banish- 
ment/' 

This  refers  to  an  occurrence  in  the  House  of  Commons. 
Bobson,  who  daring  the  secession  of  the  Whigs  had  been 
a  constant  attendant  on  Parliamentary  duties,  on  the  4th 
of  March,  1802,  in  a  Committee  of  Supply,  after  expa- 
tiating on  the  extravagant  expenditure  of  the  country, 
observed : — ^'  The  finances  of  the  country  were  in  so 
desperate  a  situation,  that  Government  were  unable  to 
discharge  its  bills  ;  for  a  fact  had  come  within  his  know- 
ledge, of  a  bill  accepted  by  Government  having  been 
dishonoured."  The  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  (Ad- 
dington)  said: — ''The  House  ought  to  expect  of  the 
Hon.  Gentleman  to  state  the  precise  fact  to  which  he  had 
alluded;  and  name  a  day  on  which  he  would  bring  it 
forward,  and  prove  it ;  if  he  did  not,  the  next  step  would 
be  for  the  House  to  proceed  and  censure  him  for  the  use  of 
such  expression ;  for  no  man  ought  to  make  a  heavy  charge 
against  Grovemment  any  more  than  individuals,  and  allege 
a  fact  for  the  basis  of  such  charge  without  being  prepared 
to  bring  proof  of  such  fact.''  Poor  Bobson  seems  to  have 
been  afraid  of  being  sent  to  the  Tower,  and  said,  ''  it  was 
an  expression  which  came  out  in  the  warmth  of  speech." 
But    Martin,    the  banker,*    Member  for    Tewkesbury, 

*  Martin  was  a  plain-spoken,  rongh,  independent  Member  of  Parliament. 
He  sat  in  Parliament  many  years  for  the  borough  of  Tewkesbury.  He  con- 
sdentioQsly  supported  Whig  principles  :  bnt  when  Fox  formed  the  coalitioin 
with  Lord  North,  Martin  scarcely  ever  addressed  the  Hoane  without  denounc- 
ing the  coalition  in  the  most  bitter  terms,  as  a  compromise  of  principles.  One 
day  he  said  he  wished  the  House  would  order  a  starling  to  be  placed  in  it,  to 
occasionally  call  out,  "Coalition,  oubsed  Coalition."  Fox  good- 
hnmoui^dly  replied,  the  Hon.  Member  might  save  himself  the  trouble  of  pro- 
curing the  bird  ;  for  while  he  remained  a  Member  of  the  House,  be  would 
perform  to  admiration  the  proposed  office  of  the  starling.  Martin,  howerer, 
could  not  long  support  Tory  measures,  and  returned  to  the  ranks  of  the  Whigs, 
and  remained  with  them  during  the  remainder  of  his  Parliamentary 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  217 

advanced  to  his  rescue,  and  quieted  his  fears.  He 
said,  tliat  an  acceptance  of  the  Sick  and  Hurt  Office,  in 
his  hands,  had  been  presented,  and  had  met  the  fate 
described  by  the  Hon.  Member.  Addington  now  said, 
"  Whether  or  not  the  bill  was  paid,  remains  to  be  proved; 
but  my  information  comes  from  the  same  source  as  the 
Hon.  Member  derives  his  accusation.  At  all  events,  the 
instance  of  the  Hon.  Member  of  the  insolvency  of  Govern- 
ment is  a  bill  of  £19.  7«,"  Bobson  now  took  courage^ 
and  replied,  ^'  that  was  so  much  the  worse,  as  the  bill  was 
in  the  hands  of  a  poor  man  who  wanted  the  money." — 
Hansard,  vol.  36,  pp.  347-50. 

268. 
THE  NURSERY ;— WITH  BRITANNIA  REPOSING 
IN   PEACE.  December  4th,  1802. 

LORD   HAWKESBURT.  FOX.  ADDINGTON. 

One  of  the  happiest  of  Gillray's  satires.  Fox,  who  was 
a  zealous  advocate  of  peace,  and  had  lately  been  presented 
to  Napoleon  in  Paris,  is  joined  with  the  two  Ministers  as  a 
triumvirate  of  nurses  around  Britannia's  apparently  peace- 
f  ul  cradle.  In  this  and  the  following  plates,  the  brief  and 
unsubstantial  peace  of  1802  seems  to  have  brought  out 
the  artist's  best  vein. 

269. 
INTRODUCTION     OF    CmZEN    VOLPONE    AND 
HIS    SUITE,   AT  PARIS.  Ncru.  15th,  1802. 

NAPOLEON.  MRS.  FOX.  FOX.  BRSKINE. 

ARTHUR  o'CONNOR.  LORD  AND  LADY  HOLLAND. 

The  First  Consul  Buonaparte  is  holding  a  Levee,  seated 
in  a  Chair  of  State,  with  one  hand  held  out  to  welcome 
Fox,  who,  in  full  court  dress,  is  making  a  very  low  bow  to 
him  :  on  Fox's  coat  pocket  is  inscribed,  "  Original  Jaco- 
bin Manuscript."    Mrs.  Fox  is  curtesying  to  Buonaparte. 


218  GILLBAT^a  CABICATURES. 

Erskine^  dressed  in  his  forensic  gown  and  wig,  is  bowing. 
Lord  and  Lady  Holland  are  standing  behind  Fox.  The 
figure  prostrated  on  the  ground,  whose  face  cannot  be 
seen,  has  a  scroll  above  his  head,  inscribed  "  Revolutionary- 
Odes  by  Citizen  Bow-ba-daro"  (Bob  Adair)  is  Robert 
Adair  (now  the  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Robert  Adair),  and  on  his 
body  is  ^'Intelligence  for  the  Morning  Chronicle,"  to 
intimate  that  he  was  a  correspondent  of  that  newspaper. 
The  tall  figure,  standing  on  the  left  of  Buonaparte,  with 
a  scroll  inscribed,  *' Trial  of  O'Connor,  Maidstone,*'  is 
Arthur  O'Connor. 

We  have  already  stated*  that  when  Mr.  Fox  seceded 
from  his  attendance  in  Parliament  in  1797  he  resolved  to 
devote  a  portion  of  his  time  to  literary  pursuits,  and 
occupy  himself  with  some  literary  undertaking.  At  first 
he  meditated  an  *'  Essay  on  Racine  and  Defence  of  the 
French  Stage,'' — afterwards  a  Treatise  on  the  Beauties  of 
Euripides — and  subsequently  he  projected  a  Complete 
Edition  of  Dryden's  Works,  illustrated  with  notes ;  there 
being  at  that  time  no  collected  edition  of  the  works  of 
that  eminent  writer,  to  whom  Sir  Walter  Scott  assigns 
tho  third  place  among  English  Classics.  Mr.  Fox  was 
not  only  an  enthusiastic  admirer  of  his  poetry,  but  he 
considered  his  prose  compositions  to  afford  the  purest 
specimens  of  genuine  English  diction,  and  standard  of 
excellencet  for  beauty  and  harmony  of  style. 

These   designs   were   successively  laid  aside,   and  he 


♦  See  No.  199,  p.  134. 

f  So  great  was  Fox's  admiration  of  the  style  of  Dryden,  that  in  ocmipoB- 
ing  his  History,  he  at  first  intended  not  to  use  any  word  which  had  notheen 
sanctioned  hy  Dryden's  authority.  He,  however,  esteemed  the  Commen- 
taries of  Blackstone  and  the  writings  of  Middleton  (the  author  of  the  Life 
of  Cicero)  models  of  pnre  English.  The  late  Dr.  Parr  was  equally  im- 
pressed with  the  purity  and  beauty  of  Middleton's  English  style,  **  stylus  est 
ejus  ita  purus  ac  suavis,  salebris  sine  nllis  profiuens,  nt  nnmeros  videatar 
complecti,  qualcs  in  alio  quopiam  (praeter  Addisonum)  frostra  quAsiveris." 
'^rrcpfatio  ad  Bellcndenum. 


POLITICAL   SERIES,  219 

eventually  engaged  in  writing  a  History  of  James  II.  and 
the  Bevolation.  He  was  naturally  solicitous  to  obtain 
access  to  original  papers  and  documents^  which  might 
throw  new  light  on  the  period.  The  Peace  of  Amiens 
presented  a  favourable  opportunity,  and  he  resolved  to 
visit  France  and  examine  the  archives  of  the  Foreign  OflBce 
at  Paris. 

On  the  29th  of  July  he  left  St.  Anne's  Hill,  accompanied 
by  Mrs.  Fox,  Mr.  St.  John  (afterwards  Lord  St.  John), 
and  Mr.  Trotter,  subsequently  his  Private  Secretary.  On 
arriving  at  Calais  he  was  received  with  great  distinction. 
The  Municipal  officers  expressed  a  wish  to  entertain  him 
with  a  dinner ;  but  he  politely  declined,  assigning  as  a 
reason  his  anxiety  to  proceed  on  his  journey.  At  Lisle 
he  was  persuaded  to  accept  an  invitation  of  the  Municipal 
authorities  and  the  Officers  of  the  Army.  Wo  cannot 
accompany  him  in  his  tour  through  the  Netherlands  and 
Holland ;  but  must  confine  ourselves  to  the  period  of  his 
arrival  and  residence  at  the  Hotel  de  Richelieu  at  Paris. 

One  of  his  first  visits  was  to  the  Th6atre  Fran9ois  to 
witness  the  representation  of  the  Andromaque  of  his 
favourite  Bacine.  He  revisited  that  theatre  in  a  few  days 
to  be  present  at  the  performance  of  the  Phedre  of  Bacine. 
'*  On  this  occasion  (says  Trotter)  he  was  very  soon  recog- 
nized by  the  audience  in  the  pit,  every  eye  was  fixed  on 
him,  and  every  tongue  resounded.  Fox  !  Fox  I  The  whole 
audience  stood  up,  and  the  applause  was  universal.  He 
alone,  to  whom  all  this  admiration  was  paid,  was  embar- 
rassed. His  friends  were  gratified  by  the  honour  bestowed 
on  this  great  man.  It  was  that  reward  which  Crowned 
Heads  cannot  purchase, — ^respect  and  gratitude  from  his 
fellow  men,  for  his  exertions  in  favour  of  humanity,  and  an 
honourable  peace.  So  unwilling  was  Mr.  Fox  to  receive 
the  applause  as  personal,  that  he  could  not  be  prevailed 
upon  to  stand  forward ;  nor  when  his  name  repeatedly 
pronounced  left  no  doubt  of  the  matter,  could  he  bring 


220  gillray's  caricatures. 

himself  to  make  any  obedience,  or  gesture  o£  thanks.  No 
man  had  ever  less  vanity,  or  rather  was  so  totally  devoid 
of  it  as  Mr.  Fox,  and  perhaps  through  the  genuine 
modesty  of  his  nature,  he  seemed  deficient  on  this  occa- 
sion, in  respect  to  the  audience.  The  First  Consul  was 
present  in  his  box.'*  See  Trotter's  Memoirs  of  the  latter 
years  of  Fox,  p.  204-5. 

We  shall  now  proceed  to  give  Mr.  Trotter's  account  of 
Fox's  introduction  to  Buonaparte  at  a  levee  held  at  the 
Tuilleries ;  only  premising  that  as  they  passed  through 
some  of  the  State  Rooms,  Fox  and  his  friends  could  not 
fail  to  observe  busts  of  himself  and  Lord  Nelson,  occupying 
conspicuous  places.  ''  We  reached  the  interior  apartment 
where  Buonaparte,  First  Consul,  surrounded  by  his 
Generals,  Ministers,  Senators,  and  OflBcers,  stood  betwixt 
the  Second  and  Third  Consuls,  Le  Brun  and  Cambaceres, 
in  the  centre  of  a  semicircle  at  the  head  of  the  room.  The 
numerous  assemblage  from  the  Salle  des  Ambassadeurs, 
formed  into  another  semicircle,  joined  themselves  to  that 
at  the  head  of  which  stood  the  First  Consul.  Buonaparte, 
of  a  small  and  by  no  means  commanding  figure,  dressed 
plainly  though  richly,  in  the  embroidered  Consillar  coat, 
without  powder  in  his  hair,  looked  at  first  view  like  a 
private  gentleman,  indifi*erent  as  to  dress,  and  devoid  of  all 
haughtiness  in  his  air.  The  two  other  Consuls,  large  and 
heavy  men,  seemed  pillars  too  cumbrous  to  support  them* 
selves,  and  during  the  Levee  were  sadly  at  a  loss  what  to 
do,  whether  the  snufi'-box  or  the  pocket  handkerchief  was 
to  be  appealed  to,  or  the  left  leg  exchanged  for  the  right. 
As  soon  as  the  circle  was  formed,  Buonaparte  began 
with  the  Spanish  Ambassador,  then  went  to  the  American, 
with  whom  he  spoke  some  time,  and  so  on,  performing  his 
part  with  ease  and  very  agreeably,  until  he  came  to  the 
English  Ambassador,  who,  after  the  presentation  of  some 
English  noblemen,  announced  Mr.  Fox.  Buonaparte  was 
a  good  deal  flurried,  and  after  indicating  considerable 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  221 

emotion  very  rapidly  said,  "  Ah,  Mr.  Fox  !  I  have  heard 
with  pleasure  of  your  arrival !  I  have  desired  much  to  see 
you.  I  have  long  admired  in  you  the  orator,  and  friend 
of  his  country,  who,  in  constantly  raising  his  voice  for 
peace,  consulted  that  country's  best  interests — those  of 
Europe  and  of  the  human  race.  The  two  Great  Nations 
of  Europe  require  peace ;  they  have  nothing  to  fear,  they 
ought  to  understand  and  value  one  another.  In  you,  Mr. 
Fox,  I  see  with  much  satisfaction  that  Great  Statesman 
who  recommended  peace,  because  there  was  no  just  object 
of  war,  who  saW  Europe  desolated  to  no  purpose,  and  who 
struggled  for  its  relief.''  Mr.  Fox  said  little  or  rather 
nothing  in  reply ; — ^to  a  complimentary  address  to  himself 
he  always  found  repugnance  to  answer,  nor  did  he  bestow 
one  word  of  admiration  or  applause  upon  the  extraordinary 
and  elevated  character,  who  addressed  him.  A  few  qnes- 
tions  and  answers,  relative  to  Fox's  tour,  terminated  the 
interview."     See  Trotter's  Memoirs. 

As  we  have  given  the  preceding  account  of  the  interview 
between  Buonaparte  and  Fox  from  the  narrative  of  Trotter, 
the  reader  perhaps  may  be  grafcified  to  see  it  confirmed  by 
an  extract  from  the  Memoires  de  Constant,  Premier  Valet 
de  Chambre  de  I'Empereur  sur  la  Vie  Privee  de  Napoleon. 
Paris,  1830,  Vol.  iii.  p.  66.  '*  Le  Premier  Consul  8'avaD9a 
vers  M.  Fox  et  lui  dit  je  me  felicite  de  vous  voir  k  Paris, 
Monsieur.  H  y  a  long  temps  que  je  vous  admire  comme 
orateur,  et  comme  sincere  ami  de  votre  pays  h  qui  vous 
fites  si  desireux  de  rendre  la  Paix.  Je  suis  tr^s  heureux 
de  faire  votre  connaissance.  A  ces  paroles  il  ajouta 
plusieurs  complimens,  qui,  dans  la  bouche  d'un  homme  si 
extraordinaire  ne  pouvaient  qu'Stre  trds-agreables  k  M. 
Fox." 

The  shyness  or  modesty  of  Fox,  which  prevented  his 
making  the  slightest  acknowledgment  of  the  compliment 
paid  him  on  this  occasion,  is  greatly  to  be  regretted,  and 
must  have  been  a  disappointment  to  Buonaparte,  as  if  he 


222  gillray's  caricatures. 

underrated  its  value.  This  is  clear  from  the  account  of 
Fox  in  the  Biographie  Universelle.  "  Fox  approuva  lo 
traits  d' Amiens  et  partit  Pannee  suivante  pour  Pfiuris.  II 
fut  trds  bien  accueili  dans  cette  capitale^  et  le  Premier 
Consul  Buonaparte  lui  adressa  lesdiscours  les  plus  flatteurs, 
sans  rSussir  h  lui  inspirer  une  Kaute  idie  de  sa  personne/* 
In  the  same  yaluable  work  we  find  this  testimony  to  the 
merit  of  Trotter's  Memoirs,  ''  Ces  Memoires  ecrits  avec 
toute  la  partiality  de  I'amitie  nous  ont  paru  tr^s  precieux> 
non  seulement  pour  les  details  qu'on  j  trouve  sur  le  sujet 
du  livre,  mais  aussi  par  des  jugements  sur  nombre  de 
personages  Fran^ais  et  Etrangers." — ^Vol.  15. 

The  next  person  who  was  presented  to  the  First  Consul 
was  Erskine.  Buonaparte  merely  said  to  him,  '^  Etes  vous 
legiste — are  you  a  lawyer  ?  This  must  have  been  a  great 
disappointment  to  one  so  sensitive  as  Erskine,  and  whose 
celebrity  in  his  own  country  must  have  led  him  to  expect 
a  more  distiDguished  reception. 

Mr.  Fox  attended  a  second  levee  of  the  First  Consul, 
and  was  invited  to  dinner,  it  being  the  practice  of  Buona- 
parte to  invite  some  of  the  most  distinguished  persons  who 
had  been  presented  at  the  preceding  levee.  At  dinner 
Buonaparte  indignantly  expressed  his  dislike  of  the  mem- 
bers of  Pitt's  late  Cabinet,  and  even  designated  Windham 
by  name,  as  the  projector  and  abettor  of  "  the  infernal 
machine.'*  Since  the  secession  of  the  Portland  party, 
Windham  had  particularly  distinguished  himself  by  the 
asperity  of  his  attacks  on  Fox  and  his  principles ;  but  the 
nature  of  Fox  was  too  lofty  and  generous  to  countenance 
for  a  moment  this  unfounded  charge,  and  he  used  every 
effort  to  remove  the  impression  from  the  mind  of  Buona- 
parte. 

During  his  residence  at  Paris  he  attended  every  morning 
at  the  Foreign  OflBce,  accompanied  by  Mr.  Adair,  St. 
John,  and  Trotter,  who  assisted  him  in  copying  such  do- 
cuments as  he  esteemed  useful  to  him.    Every  facility  was 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  223 

given  to  his  researches^  and  he  obtained  transcripts  of 
many  important  dispatches  of  Barillon,  and  some  unpub- 
lished correspondence  of  D'Avaux. 

We  must  now  bring  our  narrative  to  a  conclusion. 
Every  attention  was  paid  to  Fox  during  his  sojourn  at 
Paris.  On  visiting  the  Mint  they  struck  a  medal  in 
honour  of  the  occasion.  Talleyrand  entertained  him  to 
dinner  with  great  splendour.  Many  other  distinguished 
persons  paid  him  similar  attentions.  He  was  particularly 
gratified  by  receiving  a  visit  from  Lafeyette,  who  had  acted 
RO  distinguished  a  part  in  the  early  period  of  the  French 
Revolution^  but  had  been  captured  and  for  a  long  time 
imprisoned  by  the  German  allies  of  England.  Lafayette 
expressed  his  grateful  thanks  to  him  for  having  obtained 
his  Hberation  from  the  dungeons  of  Germany.  In  the 
course  of  conversation  Fox  said  to  him,  '*  You  endeavoured 
to  establish  the  solecism  of  a  monarch  at  the  head  of  a 
republic.'*  He  received  similar  gratification  from  a  visit 
of  the  patriotic  Polish  General  l^osciusko. 

270. 

GERMAN  NONCHALANCE;  — OR,  THE  VEXA- 
TION OF  LITTLE  BONEY.  January  Ist,  1803. 

COUNT  STAHREMBEBO. 

This  Austrian  Minister  passed  through  Paris  on  a 
political  mission  in  so  much  haste,  that  he  did  not  stop  to 
pay  his  respects  to  Napoleon,  which  gave  great  offence  to 
the  ruler  of  France. 

271. 

THE  FIRST  KISS  THESE  TEN  YEARS !  OR,  THE 
MEETING  OF  BRITANNIA  AND  CITIZEN 
FRANCOIS.  January  1  st,  1803. 

Another  clever  hit  at  the  peace.    The  portraits  of  Napo- 

15 


224  gulrat's  cabicatubes. 

leon  and  King  Greorge^  suspended  on  the  wall^  appear  to 
be  shaking  hands^  but  with  a  very  bad  grace.  This  cari- 
cature is  said  to  haye  excited  Napoleon's  mirth  to  an 
unusual  degree. 

272. 

A    PHANTASMAGORIA;  — SCENE:     CONJURING 
UP  AN  ARMED  SKELETON.     January  bth,  1803. 

ADDINGTON.  WILBEBFOBCE.  LOBD   HAWEESBUBY.         FOX. 

An  excellent  satire  on  the  same  subject  as  the  last.  The 
triumvirate  of  peacemakers  are  boiling  down  the  British 
lion^  and  their  incantations  raise  from  the  mystic  pot  the 
skeleton  of  Britannia^  literally  reduced  to  nothing  but 
bones. 

273. 
BAT-CATCHING.  January  19th,  1803. 

LOBD   HAWEESBUBY.       ADDINQTON.       CANNXNO.      8HEBIDAN. 

TIEBNEY. 

The  two  Ministers  catching  opposition  bats^  by  a  method 
which  is  well  known  to  bat-catchers  of  all  sorts.  Sheridan^ 
Tiemey^  and  Cannings  are  in  danger  of  being  netted. 

274. 

DOCTOR   SANGRADO   CURING  JOHN  BULL  OP 
REPLETION.  May  2nd,  1803. 

FOX.      SHSBIDAN.     LOBD  HAWEESBUBY.     MASTEB  A(dDINQTO)N. 

ADDINGTON.  BUONAPABTE. 

This  caricature  is  said  to  have  given  great  offence  to  the 
Minister^  Addington,  who  had  conferred  upon  his  son,  a 
mere  boy,  one  of  the  lucrative  clerkships  of  the  Pells. 
Sheridan  and  Fox  are  now  holding  out  their  hands  for  a 
share  of  the  blood  so  ruthlessly  extracted  from  John  Bull. 


POLITICAL    SERIES.  225 

275. 

PHYSICAL  AID;    OR,  BRITANNIA   RECOVERED 

FROM    A  TRANCE :— ALSO,  THE    PATRIOTIC 

COURAGE    OF    SHERRY    ANDREW;     AND    A 

PEEP  THROUGH  THE  FOG.       March  11th,  1803. 

LORD   HAWEESBUBY.  AUDINOTON.  BRITANNIA.  FOX. 

SHERIDAN. 

On  the  8th  of  March,  1803,  a  royal  message,  pointing 
to  the  warlike  preparations  then  going  on  in  France  and 
Holland,  ronsed  the  nation  to  a  sense  of  the  imminence 
of  war,  attended  with  new  fears  of  an  invasion.  Sheridan 
distinguished  himself  by  his  warlike  language  in  the 
debates,  and  he  appears  here  as  the  foremost  and  most 
blustering  defender  of  Britannia,  who  is  worse  than  thun- 
derstruck at  the  alarming  intelligence.  Addington,  the 
doctor  (as  he  was  nicknamed,  in  allusion  to  the  profession 
of  his  father),  is  administering  relief.  The  peace-loving 
Fox  remains  incredulous. 

276. 
ARMED  HEROES.  May  18th,  1803. 

LORD   HAWKBSBURY.  ADDINGTON.  BUONAPARTE. 

Addington  acting  the  hero,  while  his  colleague,  Lord 
Hawkesbury,  is  very  tamely  repeating  his  grand  threat  of 
marching  to  Paris.  The  mixture  of  courage  and  fear  in 
the  attitude  and  language  of  the  Minister  is  admirable. 

277. 
FRENCH    VOLUNTEERS    MARCHING    TO   THE 
CONQUEST   OF   GREAT   BRITAIN. 

Oct.  25th,  1803. 
A  satire  on  the  reported  eagerness  of  the  people  of 
France  to  serve  in  the  threatened  expedition  against  Great 
Britain. 

Many  persons  believed  that  the  King  and  his  Ministers 

15  * 


226  oillbat's  caricatures. 

did  not  really  credit  Buonaparte's  threat  of  invasion ;  but 
the  following  extract  from  a  most  curious  autograph 
LETTER  OF  Georoe  III.  to  Bishop  Hurd  places  the  King's 
serious  belief  in  the  menace  beyond  all  dispute.  The 
letter  only  came  to  light  last  year  (1849),  and  will  be  new 
to  most  of  our  readers.  It  proves  the  King  was  making 
his  family  arrangements  with  a  view  to  that  event. 
"Windsor,  Nov.  30,  1803.  We  are  here  in  daily  expec- 
tation that  Bonaparte  will  attempt  his  threatened  inva- 
sion, the  chances  against  his  success  seem  so  many  that  it 
is  wonderful  he  persists  in  it.  I  own  I  place  that  thorough 
dependence  on  the  protection  of  Divine  Providence  that 
I  cannot  help  thinking  the  usurper  is  encouraged  to  make 
the  trial  that  the  ill  success  may  put  an  end  to  his  wicked 
purposes.  Should  his  troops  effect  a  landing,  I  shall  cer- 
tainly put  myself  at  the  head  of  my  troops  and  my  other 
armed  subjects  to  repel  them.  But  as  it  is  impossible  to 
foresee  the  events  of  such  a  conflict,  should  the  enemy 
approach  too  near  to  Windsor,  I  shall  think  it  right  the 
Queen  and  my  daughters  should  cross  the  Severn,  and 
shall  send  them  to  your  Episcopal  Palace  at  Worcester ; 
by  this  hint  I  do  not  in  the  least  mean  they  shall  be  any 
inconvenience  to  you,  and  shall  send  a  proper  servant  and 
furniture  for  their  accommodation.  Should  this  event 
arise  I  certainly  would  rather  have  what  I  value  most  in 
life  remain,  during  the  conflict,  in  your  diocese,  and  under 
your  roof,  than  in  any  other  place  in  the  island.^' 

278. 

FRENCH  INVASION;   OR,  BUONAPARTE  LAND- 
ING IN  GREAT  BRITAIN.  June  lOth,  1803. 

This  was  one  of  the  numerous  prints  which  assisted  in 
sustaining  the  patriotic  contempt  of  Frenchmen,  amid  the 
terror  excited  in  the  hearts  of  many  of  our  countrymen 
during  the  threatened  invasion  in  the  alarming  year  1803. 


POLITICAL   SERIES. 


227 


279. 
MANIAC   RAVINGS;   OR,  LITTLE   BONEY  IN  A 

STRONG   FIT.  May  2Uh,  1803. 

A  parody  on  Lord  Whitworth^s  dispatch  of  the  14th 
of  March,  1803,  describing  the  violent  scene  which  had 
occurred  the  day  before  at  the  Tuilleries.  "  The  exaspe- 
ration and  fury  of  Buonaparte,^'  says  the  Annual  Register 
for  the  year  just  mentioned,  ''broke  out  into  ungovernable 
rage  at  his  own  Court,  on  his  public  day,  and  in  the  pre- 
sence of  the  diplomatic  body  of  Europe  there  assembled. 
Thus  violating  every  principle  of  hospitality — of  decorum 
— of  politeness — and  the  privileges  of  Ambassadors — ever 
before  held  sacred.  On  the  appearance  of  Lord  Whit- 
worth  in  the  circle,  he  approached  him  with  equal  agitation 
and  ferocity,  proceeded  to  descant,  in  the  bitterest  terms, 
on  the  conduct  of  the  EngUsh  Government — summoned 
the  Ministers  of  some  of  the  Foreign  Courts  to  be  wit- 
nesses to  this  vituperative  harangue — and  concluded  by 
expressions  of  the  most  angry  and  menacing  hostility. 
The  English  Ambassador  did  not  think  it  advisable  to 
make  any  answer  to  this  brutal  and  ungentlemanly  attack, 
and  it  terminated  by  the  First  Consul  retiring  to  his 
apartments,  repeating  his  last  phrases,  till  he  had  shut 
himself  in;  leaving  nearly  two  hundred  spectators  of  this 
wanton  display  of  arrogant  impropriety,  in  amazement 
and  consternation.^' 

280. 
DEATH  OF  THE  CORSICAN  FOX.— SCENE,  THE 
LAST  OF  THE  ROYAL  HUNT.      July  20th,  1803. 

GEORGE    III.  BUONAPARTE.  PITT. 

This  caricature  of  Napoleon  was  published  after  the 
declaration  of  war  and  recommencement  of  hostilities  in 
1803.  Gillray's  prophecy  was  fulfilled,  but  long  after  its 
date,  when  the  hunter  was  no  longer  capable  of  enjoying 
his  triumph. 


228  OILLKAY^S    CARICATUBE8. 

281. 

THE  HANDWRITING  UPON  THE  WALL. 

August  2ith,  1803. 

NAFOLIK)N.  JOSEPHINE. 

This  is  an  admirable  parody  on  Belshazzar's  Feast. 
Bnonaparte^  with  Josephine  sitting  by  his  side^  while 
regaling  his  courtiers  with  a  splendid  repast^  is  seen 
starting  from  his  chair  of  state,  horror-struck  at  the  sight 
of  the  inscription  on  the  wall,  "Mene,  mene,  Tekel 
upharsin.^'  A  hand  is  seen  issuing  from  another  part  of 
the  wall,  holding  a  balance,  in  which  the  despotism  of 
Buonaparte  is  found  wanting,  and  outweighed  by  the 
crown  of  Louis  XVIII.  under  which  is  *'  Vive  le  Hoi." 
Among  the  dishes  on  the  table  are  various,  indicative  of  his 
visions  of  the  invasion  of  England.  On  one  dish  is,  ^'  Oh, 
de  roast  beef  of  Old  England ;"  but  a  decapitated  head 
supplies  the  place  of  the  favourite  sirloin.  The  pastry  is 
moulded  into  representations  of  '^  the  Tower  de  Londres/' 
"  St.  James',^^  "  the  Bank  of  England,''  surmounted  by  a 
tri-coloured  flag.  A  bottle  of  wine  is  labelled  ''Maid- 
stone,'' alludiog  to  the  trial  of  Arthur  O'Connor  and 
Quigley,  who  were  arrested  at  Dover,  while  proceeding  to 
France  to  arrange  the  plan  for  the  French  invasion  of 
Ireland.  The  three  sisters  of  Buonaparte  are  standing 
behind  Josephine,  voluptuously  attired. 

282. 
DESTRUCTION  OF  THE  FRENCH   GUN-BOATS ; 
OR,  LITTLE  BONEY  AND  HIS  FRIEND  TALLY 
IN  HIGH  GLEE.  Nov.  22nd,  1803. 

TALLEYRAND.  BUONAPARTE. 

Napoleon  rejoicing  at  the  destruction  of  his  own  troops. 
The  callousness  with  which  the  Ruler  of  France  looks  on 
the  fate  of  thousands  of  his  ^joldiers  who  perished  in  sup- 


POLITICAL  SERIES.  229 

porting  his  ambition  was  proverbial.  It  was  supposed 
by  some  tliat  he  looked  forward  with  no  feelings  of  regret 
to  the  immense  loss  of  life  which  must  attend  on  his 
attempt  to  effect  a  landing  upon  the  British  shores^  as  a 
relief  to  him,  by  checking  the  military  spirit  which  he  had 
excited  to  such  a  pitch  that  he  could  no  longer  manage  it 
himself. 

283. 
JOHN  BULL  AND  THE  ALARMIST. 

JOHN   BULL.  SHERIDAN. 

When  originally  printed  as  a  broadside,  this  spirited 
caricature,  alluding  to  the  tone  of  Sheridan^s  speeches  in 
Parliament,  was  accompanied  with  the  following  verses, 
which  will  form  the  best  explanation : — 

JOHN  BULL  AND  THE  ALARMIST. 

John  Ball,  as  he  sat  in  his  old  snag  chair, 
An  Alarmist  came  to  him,  and  said  in  his  ear, — 
"  A  Corsican  thief  has  jnst  slipt  fh)m  his  quarters, 
And  he's  coming  to  rayish  yoor  wives  and  yoar  daughters  I" 

Let  him  come  and  be  d — d,"  thas  roared  oat  John  Ball ; 
With  my  crab-stick  assar'd  I  will  fncture  his  skall ; — 
Or  I'll  squeeze  the  Tile  reptile  'twixt  my  finger  and  thamb. 
Make  him  stink,  like  a  bag,  if  he  dares  to  presume." 

'*  They  say,  a  full  thousand  of  flat-bottom'd  boats, 
Each  a  hundred  and  fifty  have  warriors  of  note, 
All  fally  determined  to  feast  on  your  lands. 
So  I  fear  you  will  find  full  enough  for  your  hands." 

John,  smiling,  arose  upright  as  a  post, — 
**  I'ye  a  million  of  friends  bravely  guarding  my  coast ; 
And  my  old  ally  Neptune  will  give  them  a  dousing. 
And  prevent  the  mean  rascals  to  come  here  a  lousing !" 

• 

284. 
THE     CORSICAN    CARCASE -BUTCHER'S    REC- 
KONING   DAY.  September,  1808. 

BU0NAFABT8.  TALLEYRAND. 

Napoleon  restrained  by  his  minister^  Talleyrand^  from 


it 


230  QILLRAY^S   CARICATURES. 

rashing  too  rasUy  into  the  war  with  Great  Britam.  The 
political  butcher  is  furious  at  the  roaring  of  the  British 
bull^  and  his  anger  is  not  appeased  by  the  stealthy  visit 
of  the  bear  of  Russia. 

285. 
THE  CORSICAN  PEST;  OR,  BEELZEBUB  GOING 

TO    SUPPER.  October  6th,  1803. 

This  rather  coarse  caricature  requires  no  further  expla- 
nation than  that  furnished  by  the  verses  below,  which  are 
understood  to  have  been  written  by  Paul  Sandby,  the 
celebrated  painter  in  water-colours. 

286. 
THE  KING  OP  BROBDINGNAG,  AND  GULLIVER. 

June  26th,  1803. 

BUONAPARTE.  GEORUI   ni. 

This  clever  design  is  said  to  have  been  the  work  of 
Lieut.-Colonel  Bradyll,  of  the  Coldstream  Guards^  and 
not  of  Gillray^  who^  it  is  presumed^  only  etched  it. 

287. 
THE    GENIUS     OP    PRANCE     NURSING     HER 
DARLING.  November  26th,  1804. 

BUONAPARTE. 

Another  of  the  numerous  caricatures  published  at  this 
time  for  the  purpose  of  embittering  the  English  people 
against  their  great  and  inveterate  enemy.  The  imperial 
crown  is  the  plaything  after  which  he  is  straining. 

288. 
THE  KING  OF  BROBDINGNAG,  AND  GULLIVER. 
(Plate  2.)  February  lOth,  1804. 

BUONAPARTE.  PRINCESSES.  THE  QUEEN. 

GEORGE   III.  LORD   SALISBURY. 

The  amateur  who  designed  this  clever  plate^  is  said  to 
be  the  same  Lieut.-Colonel  Bradyll^  to  whom  we  owe  the 


•  .  •  • 

•  :•  •::  .  •  • 

.    .  *    ... 

•  .  -  .     •  ■ 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  231 

other  plate  on  the  same  subject.    It  probably  owes  some- 
thing to  the  etching  of  Gillray, 

289. 
A  MORNING  RIDE.  Fehruwry  2bth,  1804. 

PRINCE  Of  WALES.  COLONEL   M^MAHON. 

Ajiother  subject  which  was  only  engraved  by  GiUray. 
It  is  said  to  be  a  most  characteristic  picture  of  the  Prince 
of  Wales  and  his  attendant. 

290. 
CONFEDERATED  COALITION ;  OR,  THE  GIANTS 
STORMING  HEAVEN.  Mwi/  Ist,  1804. 

SIB  F.  BUBDETT.  EABL  OF  CARLISLE.  DUKE  OF  NORFOLK. 
MARQUESS   OF   STAFFORD.  FOX.  LORD   HAWEESBURT. 

LORD   TEMPLE.  ADDINQTON.  WILBERFORCE.  LORD 

STANHOPE.  M.  A.  TAYLOR.  DUNDAS.  PITT.  ST.  VINCENT. 
GREY.  EARL  OF  DERBY.  WINDHAM.  SHERIDAN.  ERSEINE. 
DR.   LAWRENCE. 

A  caricature  in  Gillray^s  best  style,  on  the  grand  coalition 
which  overthrew  the  Addington  Administration^  which  led 
to  the  re-appointment  of  Pitt.  The  triumvirate,  Addington^ 
Lord  Hawkesbuiy,  and  Lord  St.  Vincent,  are  defending 
the  Ministerial  heaven^  assaulted  on  one  side  by  Pitt  and 
Dundas^  and  their  immediate  supporters^  and  on  the  other 
by  Fox,  who  is  now  supported  by  Lords  Grenville  and 
Temple.  The  numerous  other  assailants  are  carrying  on 
their  attacks  in  diflferent  quarters,  and  by  different  means. 

291. 
MIDDLESEX  ELECTION,  1804.- "A  LONG  PULL, 
A  STRONG  PULL,  AND  A  PULL  ALTOGETHER." 

August  7th,  1804. 

LORD  MOIRA.  LORD  CARLISLE.  COL.  BOSVILLE.  DUKE  OF 
BEDFORD.  ORET.  LORD  DERBY.  ST.  VINCENT.  MARQUESS 
OF  LANSDOWNE.  FOX.  DUKE  OF  NORFOLK.  HORNE  TOOKE. 
SIR  W.    CURTIS.         SHERIDAN.  TIERNEY.  ERSKINB. 

TYRWHITT  JONES.  GENERAL   FITZPATRICK. 

On  the  great  struggle  for  the  representation  of  Middle- 


232  oillray's  cabicatubes. 

sex  in  the  summer  of  1804^  between  Mainwaring^  the 
Court  Candidate,  and  Sir  Francis  Burdett.  The  former 
gained  the  election  by  a  majority  of  five,  the  numbers  of 
votes  being,  for  Mainwaring,  2828,  and  for  Burdett  2823. 
Burdett  is  here  carried  to  the  hustings,  dragged  in  by 
the  Whig  party,  with  his  political  preceptor.  Home 
Tooke,  for  coachman,  and  Erskine,  Tiemey,  and  Sheridan, 
as  footmen.  The  scene  represents  the  hustings  at 
Brentford. 


292. 

BUONAPARTE  FORTY- EIGHT  HOURS  AFTER 
LANDING !  —  VIDE  JOHN  BULL'S  HOME- 
STROKE,  ARMED  EN  MASSE.      July  26th,  1803. 

Another  of  the  patriotic  caricatures  provoked  by  the 
threats  of  invasion  in  1803. 


293. 
UNCORKING  OLD  SHERRY.  March  10th,  1805. 

ADDINOTON.  PITT.  SHERIDAN.  TIKBNEY.  POX. 

WINDHAM.         SIB  F.  BURDETT.         GREY.         ERSKINE. 

The  Uncorking  Old  Sherry  was  one  of  the  most 
popular  of  Gillray's  Political  Prints.  Pitt  is  drawing  the 
cork  of  a  bottle  of  sherry ;  but  instead  of  the  generous 
wine  of  Xeres,  there  '^  bursts  ouf  a  never-ending  collec- 
tion of  ''  Old  Puns,'' — "  Groans  of  Disappointment," — 
"  Stolon  jests,  invectives,  lame  puns,  loyal  boastings, 
dramatic  ravings,  low  scurrilities,'' — '^  Fibs,  Fibs,  Fibs," 
&c.  This  bottle  has  a  portrait  of  Sheridan  upon  it.  There 
are  various  other  bottles  placed  around ;  one  ^'  A  Glass 
of  all  Sorts,"  has  a  portrait  of  Tiemey  upon  it.  Another 
bottle  having  the  portrait  of  Fox,  is  marked  "True 
French  Wiue."  Another  with  the  portrait  of  Windham, 
is  inscribed  ''  Brandy  and  Water."    Another  *'  Brentford 


POLITICAL    SERIES.  233 

Ale,"  with  the  portrait  of  Sir  F.  Bardett,  then  Member 
for  Middlesex.  There  is  Whitbread's  "  Small  Beer" — Grey 
is  ''  Goosberry  Wine" — and  Erskine  figures  as  a  bottle 
of  "  Spruce  Beer."  At  Pittas  feet  lies  a  bottle  overturned, 
labelled  "  Medicinal  Wine,"  and  becuring  the  portrait  of 
Addington,  whose  Ministry  Pitt  had  recently  overturned, 
and  who  had  acquired  the  nickname  of  the  Doctor. 

Pitt  and  Sheridan,  during  the  long  course  of  their 
political  career,  attacked  each  other  occasionally  with  a 
spirit  of  personal  animosity,  that  neither  of  them  exhi- 
bited in  debate  towards  any  other  individual.  The  ori- 
ginal ground  of  this  personal  feeling  seems  to  have  been 
laid  in  the  debate  on  the  American  preliminaries  of  peace 
in  1783,  when  Pitt  was  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  in 
Lord  Shelbume^s  Administration.  The  sarcasms  then 
interchanged  between  them,  appear  to  have  left  a  lasting 
impression  on  both  their  minds. 

In  1783,  on  Lord  John  Cavendish's  motion  for  censuring 
the  preliminaries  of  the  American  peace,  Mr.  Sheridan, 
in  the  course  of  a  very  able  speech,  observed  that  the 
17th  article  was  one  of  the  most  inconsistent  political 
productions  that  could  possibly  be  supposed;  it  was 
couched  in  such  vague  and  loose  terms,  that  it  must  have 
relation  to  the  impending  treaty  with  Holland.  It  was 
with  the  view  of  finding  out  the  extent  of  that  article, 
and  what  reference  it  had  to  the  treaty  yet  pending,  and 
the  political  position  it  evidently  had  towards  France,  that 
the  Hon.  Gentleman  made  his  motion  on  a  former  day, 
and  which  called  forth  the  indignation  of  the  Chancellor  of 
the  Exchequer  as  being  inconsistent  with  the  established 
usage  of  the  House,  unprecedented,  and  preposterous  in 
the  extreme.  This  convinced  him,  however,  that  the 
Bight  Hon.  Gentleman  was  more  a  practical  politician 
than  an  experienced  one ;  his  years  and  his  very  early 
political  exaltation,  had  not  permitted  him  to  look  whether 


234  oillray's  caricatures. 

there  had  been  precedents,  or  to  acquire  a  knowledge  of 
the  journals  of  the  House.  Had  his  youth  permitted 
him  to  acquire  such  knowledge,  his  discretion  would 
not  have  suffered  his  abilities,  which  he  greatly  admired, 
to  be  carried  away  by  his  heat  and  precipitancy ;  he  would 
not  with  so  much  indignation  have  resented  the  asking 
questions,  which  it  was  the  duty  of  Ministers  to  satisfy. 
If  he  had  consulted  the  journals,  he  would  have  found 
incontestable  evidence  to  prove  the  groundless  authority  of 
his  indignant  assertions ;  he  would  have  found  that  it  was 
not  unprecedented  to  lay  a  depending  treaty  before  the 
House ;  nay,  that  before  a  single  step  had  been  taken  to 
complete  any  of  the  points  of  it ;  it  had  been  usual  for 
Parliament  to  be  in  possession  of  the  principles  upon 
which  it  was  proposed  a  treaty  should  turn.  Parliament 
was  called  upon  to  assist  with  its  advice  on  the  vast 
subject  of  national  importance,  which  peace  must  neces- 
sarily in  all  times  be,  as  involving  in  it  so  much  of  the 
general  prosperity  and  happiness  of  Europe.'' — Hansard* s 
Debates,  Vol.  23,  pp.  47-8-9. 

Mr.  Pitt,  in  his  reply,  in  defending  the  Preliminaries  of 
Peace,  displayed  those  extraordinary  powers,  which  now 
developed  themselves  more  and  more  on  every  important 
occasion ;  and  proved  that  he  would  soon  establish  a  fame, 
which  would  place  his  name  in  the  first  rank  of  orators  of 
any  age  or  nation.  He  was  pointedly  severe  on  those 
who  opposed  the  address,  but  selected  Sheridan  for  the 
most  prominent  object  of  attack  and  personal  sarcasm. 
'^No  man  admired  more  than  he  did  the  abilities  of  the  Hon. 
Gentleman,  the  elegant  sallies  of  his  thoughts,  the  gay 
effusions  of  his  fancy,  his  dramatic  turns,  and  his  epigram- 
matic points,  and  if  they  were  reserved  for  the  proper 
stage,  they  would  no  doubt  receive,  what  the  Hon.  Gen- 
tleman's abilities  always  did  receive,  the  plaudits  of  the 
audience,  and  it  would  be  his  fortune,  ^  soi  plausu  gaudcre 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  235 


theatri/*  But  this  was  not  the  proper  scone  for  the  ex- 
hibition of  those  elegances/' 

Sheridan  was  extremely  felicitous  in  his  rejoinder.  '^  On 
that  particular  sort  of  personality,  which  the  Right  Hon. 
Gentleman  had  thought  proper  to  introduce,  he  need  not 
comment.  The  propriety,  the  taste,  the  gentlemanly  point 
of  it,  must  have  been  obvious  to  the  House.  But  let  me 
assure  the  Bight  Hon.  Gentleman,  that  I  do  now,  and  will 
at  any  time  he  chooses,  to  repeat  this  sort  of  allusion,  meet 
it  with  the  most  sincere  good  humour.  Nay,  I  will  say 
more,  flattered  and  encouraged  by  the  Bight  Hon.  Gentle- 
man's panegyric  on  my  talents,  if  ever  I  again  engage  in 
the  species  of  composition  he  alludes  to^  I  may  be  tempted 
to  an  act  of  presumption — to  attempt  an  improvement  on 
one  of  Ben  Jonson's  best  characters — the  character  of  the 
Anoey  Boy  in  the  Alchemist.''t 

The  Uncorking  Old  Sherry  took  place  in  the 
House  op  Commons  on  the  6th  of  March,  1805. 
Sheridan  made  a  motion  for  the  repeal  of  the  Additional 

*  The  qaotation  is  from  Lncan,  and  allades  to  Pompej,  who  among  other 
arts  of  courting  popalarity,  erected  a  theatre  at  Rome,  to  which  the  citizens 
were  admitted  grataitonslj.  Whenever,  therefore,  Pompej  made  his  appear- 
ance in  his  box,  his  entrance  was  sure  to  be  greeted  with  the  rapturous  ap- 
plause of  the  audience. 

t  Sheridan,  gratified  by  the  effect  the  allusion  had  produced  in  the  House, 
drew  up  the  following  advertisement  extraordinary.  "  In  consequence  of  a 
hint  lately  g^ven  out  in  the  House  of  Commons,  the  play  of  the  Alchemist  is 
certainly  to  be  performed  by  a  set  of  gentlemen  for  our  diversion,  in  a  private 
apartment  of  Buckingham  House.  The  characters  will  be  performed  by 
the  following  gentlemen  : — 

BvbiXe  (the  Alchemist)  Lord  Shblbubvb. 

Fiy»  (the  House  Keeper)  .        The  Lord  Changbllor  (Thurlow.) 

DoU  (their  Colleague)  The  Lord  Adtooate  (Dundas.) 

Drugger  (the  Tobacco  Man)      Lord  Effingham. 

Epiowre  Mammon  .  Mr.  Riobt. 

TrUnilation   .  Jenkinson. 

KasMl  (the  Angry  Boy)  .        Mr.  W.  Pitt. 

Afumias  (a  little  Pastor)  .        Mr.  Hill  (brother  of  Rowland  Hill.) 

Dome  PUcmt  Gen.  Conwat. 

And 

Surly  His (Majesty.)" 


236  GILLRAY^S   CARICATURES. 

Force  Bill.  Having  shewn  the  utter  inefficiency  of  the 
measure^  and  its  failure  in  raising  recruits^  he  commented 
with  great  severity  on  the  constitution  of  Mr.  Pittas  new 
Cabinet.  Pitt  had  himself  denounced  the  incompetency 
of  the  greater  part  of  his  present  colleagues ;  but  he  sup- 
posed the  talents  of  Lord  Hawkesbury^  Lord  Castlereagh^ 
Lord  Eldon^  and  others^  had  undergone  a  wonderful 
change  and  improvement  by  their  removal  from  Adding, 
ton's  Cabinet^  and  being  transplanted  into  his  own. 

Mr.  Pitt  in  his  reply  said,  ''The  Hon.  Gentleman  seldom 
condescends  to  favour  us  with  a  display  of  his  extraor- 
dinary powers  of  imagination  and  of  fancy ;  but  when  he 
,does  come  forward,  we  are  prepared  for  a  grand  perform- 
ance. No  subject  comes  amiss  to  him,  however  remote 
from  the  question  before  the  House.  All  that  his  fancy 
suggests,  or  that  he  has  collected  from  others,  all  that  he 
can  utter  in  the  ebullition  of  the  moment,  all  that  he  has 
slept  on  and  matured,  are  combined  and  produced  for 
our  entertainment.  All  his  hoarded  repartees,  all  his 
matured  jests,  the  full  contents  of  his  commonplace  book, 
all  his  severe  invectives,  all  his  bold  hardy  assertions, 
he  collects  into  one  mass,  which  he  kindles  into  a 
blaze  of  eloquence,  and  out  it  comes  altogether,  whether 
it  has  any  relation  to  the  subject  in  debate  or  not.  Thus 
it  is  that  the  Hon.  Gentleman  finds  a  new  argument 
for  the  repeal  of  the  present  bill,  because  the  House  and 
the  country  has  less  confidence  in  the  present  than  even 
in  the  late  Ministers.'^ 

Sheridan  appears  to  have  been  unusually  stung  and 
galled  by  this  attack.  While  the  debate  was  proceeding, 
he  went  up  into  Bellamy's  refreshment-room,  ordered  a 
bottle  of  Madeira,  poured  it  out  into  a  bowl,  drank  it  off, 
and  thus  primed,  came  down  into  the  House,  and  made 
the  following  bitter,  cutting,  and  truculent  retort. 

''The  Right  Hon.  Gentleman  complains  that  I  used 
harsh  and  violent  language  towards  him,  that  I  wandered 
from  the  subject  in  discussion,  and  sought  to  supply  the 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  237 

defect  of  argament  by  personal  reflections.  Although  I 
may  be  supposed  to  be  sometimes  a  warm  speaker  in  this 
House,  I  believe  I  have  never  been  accused  of  harbouring 
much  political  animosity  against  any  man.  The  Right 
Hon.  Gentleman  intended,  I  suppose,  to  contrast  my 
violent  language  with  his  own  singular  gentleness  and 
meekness  of  manners.  This  observation,  he  doubtless 
thought,  came  with  peculiar  propriety  from  a  person  so 
perfectly  averse  to  all  ill-natured  personalities;  so  eminently 
distinguished  for  soaring  above  all  little  political  enmities, 
and  so  complete  a  foe  to  every  thing  sarcastic  or  biting. 
The  Right  Hon.  Gentleman  has  thought  proper  to  describe 
my  speech  as  coining  from  a  person  who  has  never  read 
the  Act  it  is  proposed  to  repeal,  and  who  knows  nothing 
of  it  beyond  the  title.  What  I  said  is  regarded  by  him  as 
a  collection  of  jests  and  sarcasms,  which  have  been  for  a 
long  time  stored  up,  in  order  that  they  may  burst  all  at 
once  on  the  meek,  gentle,  modest  head  of  the  Right  Hon. 
Gentleman.  If  my  speech,  however,  was  so  very  un- 
worthy of  the  serious  attention  of  the  House ;  if  I  did 
wander  so  much  from  the  object  of  the  debate ;  If  I  did 
entertain  the  House  with  nothing  but  hoarded  repartees, 
or  common-place  jokes ;  is  it  not  a  little  singular  that  the 
Right  Hon.  Gentleman  should  have  done  me  the  honour 
to  start  up  immediately  to  answer  me  ?  The  Right  Hon. 
Gentleman  knew  well  that  his  vast  and  splendid  talents 
were  not  necessary  to  answer  a  speech  distinguished  for 
nothing  but  irregularity  and  ignorance.— No  man  is  more 
ready  to  acknowledge  the  great  and  eminent  talents  of  the 
Right  Hon.  Gentleman  than  I  am.  No  man  esteems 
them  higher  than  I  do.  But  if  I  were  to  characterize  his 
Ministry,  I  should  say,  in  language  which  the  Right  Hon. 
Gentleman  may  recollect  to  have  heard  before — namely, 
that  he  has  added  more  to  the  burdens,  and  subtracted 
more  from  the  liberties  of  the  people,  than  any  Minister 
that  ever  governed  this  country. 


238  01 LL rat's  caricatures. 

"The  Right  Hon.  Gentleman  has  thought  fit  to  alludo 
to  the  support  which  I  gave  to  the  Noble  Lord  (Sid- 
mouth)^  when  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer^  and  at 
the  head  of  his  Majesty's  Councils.  He  represents  it 
as  an  insidious  and  hollow  support.  I  hope  it  is  not  my 
character  to  give  any  support  of  that  description.  He 
says,  I  gave  the  Noble  Lord  a  few  votes  when  I  knew  they 
could  be  of  no  use  to  him,  and  that  I  opposed  him  when 
my  support  could  alone  have  been  of  advantage  to  him. 
I  say  that  this  charge  is  contrary  to  fact.  I  gave  my  sup- 
port to  the  late  Administration  with  the  utmost  good  fiskith, 
and  I  know  that  the  Noble  Lord  has  always  been  ready  to 
acknowledge  it.  But  suppose  I  had  not  supported  him 
with  fidelity  and  firmness,  what  then  ?  I  never  had  pro- 
fessed to  do  so,  either  to  that  Administration,  or  to  this 
House.  I  supported  them  because  I  approved  of  many 
of  their  measures,  but  principally  was  I  induced  to  sup- 
port them  because  I  considered  their  continuance  in  office 
as  a  security  against  the  return  to  power  of  the  Bight  Hon. 
Gentleman  opposite  me,  which  ever  appeared  to  me  as  the 
greatest  national  calamity.  If,  indeed,  I  had  recommended 
the  Noble  Lord  to  his  Majesty — if  I  had  come  down  to 
this  House,  and  described  the  Noble  Lord  as  the  fittest 
man  in  the  country  to  fill  the  office  of  Chancellor  of  the 
Exchequer,  because  it  was  a  convenient  step  to  my  own 
safety,  in  retiring  from  a  situation  which  I  had  grossly 
abused,  and  which  I  could  no  longer  fill  with  honour  and 
security; — ^if,  having  seduced  him  into  that  situation,  I 
had  afterwards  tapered  ofi"  from  a  promised  support,  when 
I  saw  that  the  Minister  of  my  own  choice  was  acquiring 
greater  stability  and  popularity  than  I  wished  for; — if, 
when  I  saw  an  opening  to  my  own  return  to  power,  I  had 
entered  into  a  combination  with  others  whom  I  meant  also 
to  betray,  from  the  sole  lust  of  power  and  office,  in  order 
to  remove  him ; — and  if,  under  the  dominion  of  these  base 
appetites,  I  had  then  treated  with  ridicule  and  contempt. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  239 

the  very  man  whom  I  had  before  held  up  to  the  choice  of 
my  Sovereign,  and  the  approbation  of  this  House  and  the 
public ; — then,  indeed,  I  should  have  merited  the  con- 
tempt and  execration  of  all  good  men,  and  should  have 
deserved  to  be  told,  that  I  was  hollow  and  insincere  in  my 
support,  and  that  I  had  acted  a  mean,  a  base,  and  a  per- 
fidious part/' 

Notwithstanding  the  harsh  personalities,  which  occasion- 
ally passed  between  Pitt  and  Sheridan,  on  the  first  day  of 
the  sessions  of  the  newly  elected  Parliament  in  1802,  a 
ludicrous  interchange  of  civility  took  place  between  them. 
They  advanced  from  the  opposite  sides  of  the  House  to  the 
table  to  be  sworn  in,  and  happening  to  stand  next  to  each 
other,  they  took  the  oaths  at  the  same  time.  The  ceremony 
having  been  gone  through,  the  clerk  required  the  usual  fee 
of  two  shillings  from  each.  Pitt  putting  his  hand  into  his 
pocket,  and  finding  he  had  no  money  in  it,  turned  round 
to  Sheridan,  and  laughing,  said,  '*  Will  you  lend  me  two 
shillings  V^  Sheridan  furnished  the  required  loan  to  the 
Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  to  the  great  amusement  of 
the  members  who  were  waiting  to  be  sworn.  The  f  ollow- 
ing  jeu  d'esprit  appeared  the  next  day  in  a  morning  news- 
paper :  "  Something  is  certainly  on  the  carpet  at  present 
between  the  Ministry  and  Opposition,  for  we  assert,  from 
undoubted  authority,  that  yesterday  a  loan  was  negotiated 
between  Mr.  Pitt  and  Mr.  Sheridan." 


294. 

THE  GRAND  CORONATION  PROCESSION  OF 
NAPOLEON  THE  FIRST,  EMPEROR  OF  FRANCE, 
FROM  THE  CHURCH  OF  NOTRE-DAME,  NO- 
VEMBER  19th,  1804.  January  Ut,  1805. 

On  the  crowning  step  of  Napoleon's  ambition.     He  was 
proclaimed  Emperor  of  the  French,  under  the  title  of  Na- 

16 


240  QILLRAY^S   CARICATURES. 

poleon  I.,  on  the  20th  of  May,  1804,  and  was  crowned 
with  extraordinary  ceremonies  on  the  19th  of  November. 
The  Pope  was  compelled  by  the  mandate  of  Baonaparte  to 
repair  to  Paris,  and  perform  the  ceremony  of  the  corona- 
tion. On  the  19th  of  November,  the  Emperor,  attended 
by  a  numerous  military  escort,  and  followed  by  an  immense 
train  of  equipages,  proceeded  to  the  Cathedral  of  Notre 
Dame.  There  his  Holiness  performed  a  solemn  service, 
anointed  the  Emperor  with  the  sacred  unction,  and  placed 
the  crown  upon  his  head.  The  inscription  below  the 
print  will  furnish  the  best  explanation  of  the  parts  acted 
by  the  diflTerent  personages  who  contributed  to  this  event, 
or  took  a  part  in  it. 

295. 

THE  PLUM.PTJDDING  IN  DANGER ;    OR,  STATE 
EPICURES   TAKING  UN  PETIT   SOUPER. 

February  26th,  1805. 

PITT.  NAPOLEON. 

The  new  Emperor,  and  his  opponent  the  English  Minis- 
ter, helping  themselves— one  taking  the  land,  the  other 
the  sea.  On  the  overtures  made  by  the  new  Emperor  for 
a  reconciliation  with  England  in  the  January  of  1805. 

296. 

THE  APPLES   AND  THE   HORSE-TURDS;     OR, 
BUONAPARTE  AMONG  THE  GOLDEN  PIPPINS. 

February  2Uh,  1800. 
A  parody  on  the  old  &ble,  composed  soon  after  the 
elevation  of  Napoleon  to  the  office  of  First  Consul.  He 
was  supposed  to  be  already  aiming  at  claiming  relationship 
with  the  crowned  heads  of  Europe,  and  the  caricature  has 
here  intimated  the  feeling  which  such  a  proposal  was  likely 
to.  excite. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  241 

297. 
JOHN   BULL   OFFERING   LITTLE   BONEY   FAIR 

PLAY.  August  2nd,  1803. 

Another  caricature  on  the  invasion  of  1803,  well  calcu- 
lated to  keep  up  the  popular  spirit  of  defiance  shewn  on 
that  occasion. 

298. 
THE  STATE  WAGGONER  AND  JOHN  BULL ;  OR, 
THE    WAGGON    TOO    MUCH  FOR  THE   DON- 
KEYS.  March  Uth,  1804. 

CANNING.  EBSEINE.  WILBEBFOECE.  LORD  CARLISLE. 

OBEY.  M.  OF  BUCKINGHAM.  PITT.  FOX.  LORD  G RENVILLE. 
WINDHAM.         SHERIDAN.         ADDINGTON. 

On  the  change  in  the  Ministry  in  1804.  Addington  and 
his  team  have  dragged  the  state  waggon  into  a  slough ; 
while  farmer  John  Bull  is  pointing  to  his  old  stud  of 
horses,  now  mustered  in  opposition,  as  alone  likely  to 
furnish  a  team  capable  of  drawing  it  out.  Windham  and 
Sheridan  are  indulging  in  a  kick  at  each  other. 

299. 
END    OF    THE    IRISH    FARCE    OF    CATHOLIC 
EMANCIPATION.  May  I7th,  1805. 

PITT.  LORD   HAWKESBURY.  LORD    8IDM0UTH.  LORD 

GRSNVILLE.  LORD  MOIRA.  MRS.  FITZHERBERT.  DUKE  OF 
CLARENCE.  FOX.  DUKE  OF  BEDFORD.  LORD  STANHOPE. 
SHERIDAN.  DUKE   OF  NORFOLK.  WINDHAM.  LORD 

LAUDERDALE.         LORD   DERBY.  SIR   F.    BURDETT.         LORD 

THANET.         MR.    GRATTAN.  LORD   HOLLAND.  ERSKINE. 

LORD   HENRY   PETTY. 

At  the  beginning  of  May,  1805,  the  Catholics  of  Ire- 
land petitioned  both  Houses  of  Parliament  for  emancipa- 
tion from  the  penal  statutes  then  in  existence  against 
them.    The  debate  in  the  House  of  Lords  took  place  on 

16  * 


242  QILLBAT^S   CARICATURES. 

the  10th  and  13th  of  May^  and  that  in  the  Honse  of 
Commons  on  the  13th  and  14th  of  the  same  months  and 
in  both  Houses  the  petition  was  rejected  by  a  large  ma- 
jority. Lord  Grenville  brought  the  subject  forward  in 
the  Upper  House^  and  Fox  in  the  Lower ;  it  was  strongly 
opposed  by  Lord  Hawkesbury,  Lord  Sidmouth,  and  Mr. 
Pitt. 

The  Popish  squadron^  led  by  Lord  Grenville  in  his 
pontificals,  as  their  pope,  and  by  Lord  Moira,  who  in  his 
precipitate  fall  has  overthrown  Mrs.  Fitzherbert,  who  was 
accused  of  using  her  influence  to  further  the  cause,  are 
rebutted  in  their  attempt  to  force  the  sanctuary  of  the 
Treasury.  Fox,  as  a  cardinal,  with  Lord  Stanhope  as  his 
incense-bearer,  mounted  on  a  very  Irish  personification  of 
a  "  bull,'*  is  in  equal  dismay  at  the  blasts  with  which  they 
are  received  by  the  three  champions  of  Protestantism. 
Sheridan  is  about  to  elevate  the  host,  and  Home  Tooke 
bears  the  cross,  surmounted  with  a  bonnet  rouge,  which, 
like  the  portrait  of  Napoleon  hung  round  the  bull's  neck, 
is  intended  to  intimate  that  the  zeal  for  the  Catholics  was 
but  a  cover  for  French  revolutionary  principles.  Most  of 
the  other  Whig  leaders  figure  in  this  stirring  scene,  occu- 
pied in  various  positions  and  offices  which  it  was  pretended 
were  congenial  to  their  sentiments. 

300. 

ST.    GEORGE   AND  THE   DRAGON. 

August  2nd,  1805. 

GSORQE   III.  NAPOLEON. 

The  royal  St.  George  rescuing  Britannia  from  the  fangs 
of  the  Monster  of  France.  The  king  wears  the  uniform 
of  his  own  regiment  of  Guards  (the  Blues).  But  a  few 
weeks  after  the  date  of  this  print,  the  Imperial  crown 
received  a  gash  in  the  victory  of  Trafalgar,  not  much  less 
formidable  than  the  one  here  represented  literally. 


V 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  243 

301. 
BRITANNIA  BETWEEN  DEATH  AND  THE  DOC- 
TORS.  .  May  20th,  1804. 

ADDINGTON.  PITT.  POX,  NAPOLEON. 

On  Pitt's  return  to  oflSce  in  1804.  Doctor  Addington's 
course  of  treatment  has  nearly  thrown  his  patient  into  the 
power  of  political  deaths  personified  in  her  arch-enemy 
Napoleon,  and  she  is  only  relieved  by  the  sudden  return 
of  her  old  physician.  Pitt  is  represented  as  kicking 
Addington  out  of  the  House,  and  has  overturned  a  phial 
in  Addington's  hand,  labelled  "  Composing  Draft.*'  Pitt 
holds  a  bottle  of  "  Constitutional  Restorative''  in  his 
hand,  and  ''  The  Art  of  Restoring  Health"  is  hanging 
out  of  his  pocket.  He  is  treading  upon  Fox's  prostrate 
body.  By  Fox's  side  are  "  Whig  Pills,"  and  in  his  uplifted 
hand  is  "Republican  Balsam." 

302. 
THE  RECONCILIATION.  November  20  th,  1804. 

QUEEN.         PBINCESSES.         LORD  MOIBA.        PITT.        GEOROE  III. 

PRINCE  OP  WALES. 

On  the  reconciliation  of  the  prince  with  his  royal  father, 
which  was  said  to  have  been  brought  about  chiefly  by  the 
intermediation  of  Pitt  and  Lord  Moira.  It  is  not  an  unapt 
parody  on  the  story  of  the  prodigal  son. 

303. 
THE  WOUNDED  LION.  July  16Wt,  1805. 

LORD  ST.  VINCENT.      WILBERFORCE.      LORD   SIDMOUTH.        LORD 
MELVILLE.     GBET.     POX.     KINNAIRD.    ERSKINE.    WALPOLE. 

The  conception  of  this  print  is  remarkably  happy.  The 
subject  is  the  Impeachment  of  Lord  Melville  for  making 
use  of  the  Public  Money  for  his  own  private  accommoda- 
tion, while  he  held  the  oflSce  of  Treasurer  of  the  Navy.   The 


244  GILLBAT^S   CARICATURES. 

Lion  (Lord  Melville)  is  lying  on  the  ground,  wounded  by 
the  discharge  from  a  piece  of  ordnance  fired  off  by  Lord 
St.  Vincent,  concealed  behind  a  tree;  the  mortar  is  a 
pewter  pot  inscribed  "  Whitbread^s  Entire/'  Grey  repre- 
sented as  a  serpent.  Fox  in  the  character  of  his  four-footed 
namesake,  Kinnaird  as  a  wolf-dog,  and  other  members 
pictured  as  animals  are  attacking  the  wounded  Lion.  Lord 
Sidmouth,  depicted  as  an  ass,  is  laden  with  ''  Physic  for 
the  Lion''— "  Clyster  for  the  Lion" —'' Emetic  for  the 
Lion"—"  Opening  Pills"—"  Candied  Whorehound."  He 
is  kicking  the  Lion  with  his  hind  heels,  and  calling  out 
"  Give  him  another  kick,  brother  Bragge."  By  his  side, 
and  behind  Addington,  are  his  brother-in-law  Bragge  and 
his  brother  Hely  Addington,  also  represented  as  asses  car- 
rying "Provisions  for  the  Doctor's  family" — •*  Pension  for 
brother  Bragge" — "  Pension  for  brother  Hely" — "Trifles 
through  the  Lion's  generosity,"  &c.  Wilberforce,  in  the 
character  of  an  ape,  is  perched  on  a  tree,  holding  in  his 
paw,    "  Solution   of   Vital    Christianity,"   and   emitting 

Cant,  Envy,  Hypocrisy,"  &c.     In  the  Lion's  claws  are 

Plans  for  Manning  the  Navy" — "  List  of  Ships  built  in 
1804"* — "  Abolition  of  Impressment."  Britannia  is 
seated  under  an  oak,  mouruing  over  the  wounded  Lion^ 
her  spear  broken,  and  her  shield  discarded. 

Gillray's  Motto  is  happily  chosen.  ^'  And  now  all  the 
skulking  herd  of  the  forest,  some  out  of  insolence,  others 
out  of  revenge,  some,  in  fine,  upon  one  pretence,  and  some 
upon  another,  fell  upon  him  by  consent, — ^but  nothing  went 
so  near  the  heart  of  him  in  his  distress,  as  to  find  himself 
battered  by  the  heel  of  an  ass." — Vide  JEsop's  Fables, 

Lord  Melville  was  unquestionably  one  of  the  ablest 
statesman  of  the  reign  of  George  III.  He  was  bred  to  the 
profession  of  the  law,  and  filled  the  office  of  Lord  Advo- 
cate of  Scotland  during  the  administration  of  Lord  North, 
and  was  one  of  the  most  efiicient  supporters  of  the  latter 

*  Lord  Melville  yraa  at  that  time  First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty. 


POLITICAL    8EBIES.  245 

part  of  his  ministry.  He  was  removed  from  office  by  the 
Rockingham  administration,  but  appointed  Treasurer  of 
the  Navy  by  Tiord  Shelbume.  He  joined  Pitt  in  his  oppo- 
sition to  the  Coalition  ministry ;  and  on  Pitt's  appointment 
as  First  Lord  of  the  Treasury  and  Chancellor  of  the  Exche- 
quer in  December,  1783,  he  was  by  far  the  most  powerful 
of  his  supporters.  His  opponents  accused  him  of  seeking 
office  without  any  regard  to  political  consistency. 

**  Alike  the  Advocate  of  North  and  Wit, 
The  Friend  of  Shelbume,  and  the  Guide  of  Pitt." 

Indeed,  the  services  he  rendered  to  Pitt  at  that  time 
were  invaluable.  Fox's  India  Bill  had  just  been  rejected, 
and  caused  his  dismissal  from  office ;  but  all  allowed  that 
some  new  and  vigorous  measure  was  indispensable  for  the 
government  of  India.  The  new  Minister  was  therefore 
called  upon  to  introduce  a  bill  for  that  purpose.  Pitt  was 
then  only  in  his  25th  year.  Splendid  as  his  abilities  were, 
he  had  not  had  time  to  study  the  affairs  of  India  with  that 
attention,  which  the  production  of  a  code  for  the  govern- 
ment of  India  required.  Dundas  had  been  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  for  investigating  the  affairs  of  the  Carnatic ; 
he  therefore  came  to  the  subject  with  a  mind  stored  with 
information,  and  was  the  real  author  of  the  India  Bill, 
which  Pitt  introduced  under  his  own  name.  The  House 
and  the  public  were  astonished  at  the  extensive,  varied  and 
accurate  knowledge  of  the  complicated  affairs  of  that  dis- 
tant empire  exhibited  by  so  young  a  man,  and  at  the  ease 
and  perspicuity  with  which  he  elucidated  the  bearings  of 
the  clauses  of  his  India  Bill,  and  vindicated  its  superiority 
over  the  rejected  Bill  of  Fox,  by  preserving  the  preroga- 
tive of  the  crown,  the  rights  of  the  Bast  India  Company, 
whfle  it  consolidated  the  political  rights  of  India,  and 
improved  her  conmiercial  regulations.  The  Parliamentary 
majority  still  remained  faithful  to  the  Coalition,  and  his 
bill  was  rejected.     But  Pitt's  fame  was  established  on  a 


246  OILLRAT^S   CARICATURES. 

firm  basis.  He  dissolved  the  Parliament^  and  obtained  a 
triumphant  majority.  Pitt  was  folly  sensible  of  the  im- 
portant assistance  rendered  him  by  Dundas ;  and  hence- 
forward no  one  possessed  so  large  a  share  of  his  confidence^ 
or  participated  so  frequently  in  the  enjoyment  of  his  social 
hours.  With  Pitt  "he  gave  many  a  vote/'  with  Pitt 
*'  he  drank  many  a  bottle.''*  The  general  election  having 
secured  Pitt's  continuance  in  office^  Dundas  devoted  him- 
self entirely  to  politics.  The  versatility  of  his  talents  was 
truly  surprising.  He  filled  at  difierent  times  the  offices  of 
Treasurer  of  the  Navy,  President  of  the  Board  of  Control, 
Secretary  for  the  Home  Department,  Secretary  for  the 
Colonies,  with  the  management  of  the  French  War  annexed 
to  it,  and  First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty.  While  Treasurer 
of  the  Navy  he  obtained  great  credit  by  introducing  an 
Act  for  the  better  regulation  of  the  office.  One  of  the 
clauses  strictly  forbade  the  Treasurer  to  make  any  use  of 
the  money  in  his  hands,  as  had  been  hitherto  allowed,  and 
was  a  source  of  considerable  emolument  to  the  holder  of 
the  office.  In  the  Addington  administration  Earl  St. 
Vincent  was  First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty,  he  procured  a 
Commission  for  inquiring  into  the  afiairs  of  the  Navy. 
Unfortunately  the  10th  Report  of  the  Commissioners 
fihewed  that  Lord  Melville,  while  Treasurer  of  the  Navy, 
had  employed  some  of  the  public  money  for  his  own  per- 
sonal accommodation  ;  it  was  admitted  the  whole  had  been 
repaid,  and  no  loss  had  been  sustained  by  the  public ;  but 
it  was  clearly  a  violation  of  the  salutary  provisions  of  his 
own  Act,  and  led  to  his  impeachment.  It  resulted  in  liis 
acquittal, — but  his  political  career  was  terminated.  He 
died  in  May,  1811. 

I  twill  be  observed  that  Gillray  has  not  placed  Sheridan 
among  the  animals  attacking  "The  Wounded  Lion." 

It  excited  very  considerable  surprise  at  the  time,  that, 

*  Gibbon's  expression  rcspcctinj:  his  grandfather's  connection  with  the 
Parliament^irv  forces. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  2-47 

while  all  tlio  leading  Members  of  Opposition  and  the 
Addington  party  were  pressing  forward  the  impeachment 
of  Lord  Melville,  Sheridan  took  no  part  in  the  debates, 
and  abstained  from  voting.  This  was  connected  with  a 
singular  piec«  of  secret  history.  Some  years  before,  when 
Lord  Melville  was  President  of  the  Board  of  Control,  She- 
ridan requested  of  him  the  favour  of  an  Indian  writership 
for  a  young  man  he  was  anxious  to  serve.  Lord  Melville 
most  readily  and  courteously  complied,  and  Sheridan  de- 
sired the  appointment  might  be  filled  up  with  the  name  of 
Wright.  The  young  man  was  the  son  of  a  very  clever  and 
active  sheriff's  oflScer,  whom  Sheridan  had  contrived  to 
gain  over  to  his  interest ;  and  whenever  a  writ  to  levy  exe- 
cution on  the  effects  of  Drury  Lane  was  issued  out  in  the 
sheriff's  oflSce,  Wright  generally  contrived  to  get  it  into 
his  own  hands  to  serve,  and  returned  "  no  effects,**  or  in- 
terposed a  delay  in  the  execution,  which  enabled  Sheridan 
to  make  an  arrangement  with  the  creditor.  Sheridan  having 
received  this  favour  from  Lord  Melville,  felt  he  could  not 
vote  against  him  in  a  matter  so  deeply  affecting  his  inte- 
rest, and  in  fact  deciding  the  continuance  or  extinction  of 
his  political  career. 

This  anecdote  recalls  to  our  recollection  an  occurrence 
which  took  place  between  Shippen  (''the  downright  Ship- 
pen'*  of  Pope)  the  celebrated  Jacobite,  and  Sir  Robert 
Walpole,  which  we  will  extract  from  Coxe*s  Memoirs  of 
that  Minister.  "  Sir  Robert  Walpole  having  discovered  a 
correspondence  which  one  of  Shippen*s  friends  carried  on 
with  the  Pretender,  Shippen  called  on  the  Minister,  and 
desired  him  to  save  his  friend.  Sir  Robert  willingly  com- 
plied, and  then  said,  '  Mr.  Shippen,  I  cannot  desire  you  to 
vote  with  the  Administration,  for  with  your  principles  I 
have  no  right  to  expect  it.  But  I  only  require,  whenever 
any  question  is  brought  forward  in  the  House  personally 
affecting  me,  that  you  will  recollect  the  favour  I  have  now 
granted  you.*  ** — Coxc's  Walpole,  Vol,  1,  4to. /?.  670. 


248  GILLBAY^S   CAEICATUBE8. 

304. 

THE  SURRENDER  OP  ULM ;  OR,  BUONAPARTE 
AND  GENERAL  MACK  COMING  TO  A  RIGHT 
UNDERSTANDING:  INTENDED  AS  A  SPECI- 
MEN OF  FRENCH  VICTORIES,  i.e.  CONQUER- 
ING  WITHOUT  BLOODSHED. 

November  6th,  1805. 

This  print  is  a  severe  but  well-merited  satire  on  the  dia- 
gracefol  Surrender  of  Ulm  on  the  17th  of  October, 
1805,  and  plainly  intimates  that  it  was  effected  by  bribery. 

Buonaparte  is  sitting  on  a  drum-head.  His  sword  is  in 
his  right  hand,  pointing  to  the  prostrate  Field-Marshal 
Mack,  whom  he  thus  addresses :  ''  There*s  tour  price. 
There's  ten  millions !  Twenty !  It  is  not  in  my  army  alone 
that  my  resources  of  conquering  consist !  I  hate  victory 
obtained  by  effusion  of  blood  V^  Mack  replies,  "  And  so 
do  I  too  !  What  signifies  fighting  when  we  can  settle  it 
in  a  safer  way ! !  V^  Mack  is  delivering  up  "  The  Keys  of 
Ulm'*  with  his  right  hand,  and  his  sword  with  his  left. 
By  Mack's  side  is  placed  the  List  of  the  Articles  to 
be  delivered  up :  "1  Field-Marshal — 8  Generals-in-chief 
— 7  Lieutenant-Generals — 36  thousand  Soldiers — 80  pieces 
of  Cannon — 50  Stand  of  Colours — 100,000  pounds  of  Pow- 
der— and  4000  cannon-balls."  Buonaparte  points  with 
his  left  hand  to  three  soldiers  bearing  the  stipulated  bribe, 
ready  to  be  paid.  A  flag  is  waving  over  the  heads  of  the 
soldiers,  inscribed  ''  La  Victoiro  ou  la  Mort."  In  front  of 
Buonaparte  are  standard-bearers  with  flags,  inscribed, 
"Vive  Buonaparte:"  "Vive  L'Empereur  Napoleon." 

Whether  the  surrender  of  Ulm  proceeded  from  intel- 
lectual imbecility,  cowardice,  or  sudden  panic  on  the  part 
of  the  Austrian  Commander  Mack,  it  astounded  Europe ; 
and  entirely  disorganized  the  preconcerted  plans  of  the 
Allies.  It  never  could  have  been  anticipated  that  a  place 
so  strongly  fortified,  and  defended  by  a  numerous,  bravo 


POLITICAL    SERIES.  249 

and  well-appointed  army,  and  amply  supplied  with  ammu- 
nition and  stores  of  every  description  would  have  surren- 
dered without  first  opposing  a  formidable  resistance  to  the 
enemy.  The  event  was  unparalleled  in  the  military 
history  of  modern  times^  and  was  generally  ascribed  to 
treachery.  Mack  was  tried  by  a  court-martial,  and  sen- 
tenced to  death,  but  the  lenity  of  the  Emperor  commuted 
the  punishment  into  imprisonment  for  life,  thinking  it  un- 
necessary to  order  him  to  be  shot,  like  Admiral  Byng,  as 
Voltaire  expresses  it,  ''  pour  encourager  les  autres." 

305. 

POLITICAL  CANDOUR;  i.e.  COALITION  RE- 
SOLUTIONS  OP  JUNE  14th,  1805.— (Pro  bono 
Publico.)  June  2l8t,  1805. 

PITT.  LORD   H.    PETTY.  TIERNET.  ERSKINB.  POX. 

SHERIDAN.  WILBERFORCE.  WINDHAM.  ORET. 

In  this  print  Gillray  represents  Fox  addressing  the 
House,  and  acquitting  Pitt  of  the  charge  of  personal  con- 
ruption.  Pitt  is  delighted  with  the  generous  testimony  of 
his  rival  in  his  favour,  and  calls  out  ''Here,  here,  here,'* 
pointing  to  the  Treasury  Bench.  Fox,  charmed  with  the 
grateful  acknowledgments  of  his  exertions,  says,  "Oh, 
how  I  shall  enjoy  to  sit  down  with  him  on  the  bench  of 
honesty."  "An  immaculate  statesman, — ^just  like  my 
own  papa.**  Fox  holds  in  Lis  left  hand  behind  hirn 
"  Arrangements  for  a  new  Coalition.**  Windham  is  hold- 
ing in  his  hand  "Votes  and  Speeches  for  the  Political 
Register  ;**  but  finding  the  turn  the  Debate  has  taken, 
exclaims,  "  He  deserves  a  statue  of  gold  more  than  Porcu- 
pine {id  est  Cobbett)  himself.**  Wilberforce  ejaculates, 
"  Oh,  he*8  an  angel  of  light,  a  cherubim  of  glory.**  A 
porter  pot  lies  upset  on  the  ground,  and  the  beer  is  run- 
ning out  on  the  floor,  intimating  that  Whitbrcad's  charge 
against  Pitt  has  been  overturned,  &c.  &c. 


250  OILLRAY^S   CARICATURES. 

In  the  course  of  the  investigation  of  the  charges  against 
Lord  Melville,  it  was  discovered  that  in  the  year  1796, 
Pitt  had  advanced  £40,000  of  the  public  money  to  Boyd 
and  Benfield,  to  enable  them  to  make  good  their  instal- 
ments on  the  Loan,  and  thereby  saved  them  from  the  heavy 
loss  they  would  have  sustained  by  the  sale  of  their  scrip, 
which  at  that  time  was  at  a  great  discount.  The  bitterest 
of  Pitt's  political  opponents  attributed  this  illegal  advance 
to  a  corrupt  understanding  between  the  Minister  and  these 
Loan  contractors.  Mr.  Whitbread  brought  the  subject 
under  the  notice  of  the  House.  At  the  commencement  of 
the  debate  Mr.  Pitt  inquired  if  he  should  retire  during  the 
discussion  of  a  subject  personally  affecting  himself.  Mr. 
Fox  and  the  majority  of  the  House  esteemed  it  unneces- 
sary, and  "  Mr.  Fox  assured  the  Eight  Honourable  Gen- 
tleman that  he  should  have  felt  as  sincere  sorrow  as  any 
member  in  that  House  if  it  had  appeared  from  the  result 
of  the  inquiry,  that  the  Bight  Honourable  Gentleman  was 
guilty  to  the  same  degree  as  Lord  Melville.  However 
much  he  might  have  differed  from  the  Bight  Honourable 
Gentleman  in  the  course  of  his  political  life ;  however  he 
might  have  thought  his  general  conduct  deserving  of 
blame ;  however  he  might  think  him  blameable  in  this  in- 
stance ;  yet  he  should  have  felt  uneasy  and  unhappy  had  it 
turned  out,  after  the  high  station  which  the  Bight  Honour- 
able Gentleman  had  so  long  held, — after  the  opposition 
even  which  he  himself  had  felt  it  his  duty  to  give  him — that 
the  Bight  Honourable  Gentleman  was  personally  corrupt. 
For  himself,  he  could  declare  that  he  never  entertained 
such  an  opinion  of  him,  and  he  was  happy  that  the  result 
of  the  inquiry  did  not  justify  the  adoption  of  even  a  sen- 
timent of  suspicion  on  that  ground.  Although  he  had 
frequently  condemned  the  public  conduct  of  the  Bight 
Honourable  Gentleman ;  although  he  had  on  many  occa- 
sions uttered  sentiments  respecting  him,  which  he  should 
have  felt  it  treason  against  his  country  and  his  conscience 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  251 

to  suppress,  still  he  never  expressed  a  suspicion  that  the 
Right  Honourable  Gentleman  was  capable  of  personal  cor- 
ruption, nor  did  he  ever  entertain  such  a  suspicion.  How- 
ever he  might  charge  him  with  that  species  that  ap- 
pertained to  general  neglect  of  duty,  his  mind  entirely 
acquitted  him  of  that  kind  of  sordid  corruption  alluded  to 
by  the  Honourable  Gentletuan  under  the  Gallery.'* — 
{Hansard's  Debates,  Vol.  5  for  1805,  p.  413-14.) 

This  is  the  last  time  Mr.  Pitt  appears  in  the  series  of 
Gillray^s  political  prints.  We  cannot  take  leave  of  him 
without  paying  our  homage  to  his  splendid  talents.  Placed 
at  the  head  of  the  Government  very  early  in  life,  he  exhi- 
bited all  the  mental  resources  of  mature  age.  He  had 
opposed  to  him  a  phalanx  of  extraordinary  abilities,  Fox, 
North,  Burke,  Sheridan,  Windham,  &c.  with  scarcely  any 
efficient  coadjutor,  except  Dundas.  To  have  triumphed 
over  men  like  these,  to  have  baffled  their  energetic  exer- 
tions, and  reduced  an  adverse  majority  almost  solely  by 
his  amazing  eloquence,  and  sustained  himself  in  office,  is 
unparalleled  in  the  political  history  of  this  country.  The 
House  of  Commons  was  the  true  theatre  of  his  gloiy.  The 
magnificent  flow  of  his  language,  the  beautiful  structure  of 
his  unpremeditated  sentences  enchained  the  attention,  and 
captivated  the  minds  of  his  hearers.  His  great  rival  said, 
he  himself  was  never  at  a  loss  for  a  word ;  but  Mr.  Pitt 
always  employed  the  best.  His  sarcasm  was  withering — 
his  panegyric  ennobling.  Constantly  occupied  in  the  dis- 
charge of  his  official  duties,  his  reading  was  not  varied  and 
extensive  like  that  of  Fox,  and  he  rarely  quoted ;  but 
whenever  he  illustrated  his  argument  by  a  quotation,  it 
was  always  felicitous  and  appropriate.  Our  limits  will 
not  permit  us  to  multiply  instances,  we  will  give  one.  In 
the  debates  on  the  Union  with  Ireland,  he  was  reproached 
with  wishing  to  reduce  the  sister  kingdom  to  a  servile 
subjection  to  England :  he  replied  in  the  words  of  Virgins 
iEneas : — 


252  oillrat's  cauicatubes. 

**  Non  mihi,  nee  TeacrU  Italos  parere  jabebo, 
Nee  mibi  regna  peto  ;  paribns  se  legibus  ambro, 
Inyiete  Geotes  seterna  in  Focdera  mittant.*' 

We  will  not,  however,  assame  the  presamption  of  at- 
teiDpting.a  biographical  sketch  of  this  great  statesman ; 
but  will  place  before  the  reader  two  extracts  from  charac- 
ters of  him,  the  one  drawn  by  the  hand  of  a  devoted 
friend — Canning,  and  the  other  by  Sir  James  Mackintosh, 
a  liberal  opponent. 

By  Canning. — "  Dignity,  strength,  discretion — these 
were  among  the  most  masterly  qualities  of  his  mind  at  its 
first  dawn.  He  was  devoted  to  the  State.  Its  interests 
engrossed  all  his  study,  and  engaged  all  his  care.  It  was 
the  element  alone  in  which  he  seemed  to  live  and  move. 
He  allowed  himself  but  little  recreation  from  his  labours. 
His  mind  was  always  in  its  station,  and  its  activity  was 
unremitted.  He  had  a  proud  reliance  on  himself,  and  it 
was  justified.  Like  the  sturdy  warrior  leaning  on  his 
own  battle-axe,  conscious  where  his  strength  lay,  he  did 
not  readily  look  beyond  it." 

By  Sir  James  ^Mackintosh. — '^  His  eloquence  was  of 
a  kind  peculiarly  adapted  to  the  situation  which  he  filled. 
He  was  stately  and  dignified  in  manner,  clear  and  distinct 
in  unravelling  the  details  of  the  most  complicated  subject, 
declamatory  at  once  and  argumentative,  so  as  to  furnish 
the  best  pretexts  to  those  who  wished  to  follow  him,  while 
he  cheered  and  encouraged  those  who  might  be  in  dread 
of  his  adversaries ;  but  above  all,  he  excelled  in  the  use  of 
both  topics  and  language,  with  a  view  to  produce  the  effect  * 
he  desired,  and  never  commit  himself;  he  could  balance 
his  expressions  so  nicely, — conceal  or  bring  forward  parts 
of  his  subject  so  artistically — approach,  and  yet  shun  dan- 
gerous points  so  dexterously — often  seeming  to  say  so 
much,  while  he  told  so  little,  and  almost  always  filling  the 
ear  more  than  the  mind,  and  frequently  leaving  it  doubtful 
upon  reflection,  what  had  in  substance  been  carried  away. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  253 

— ^that  a  celebrated  cotemporary  (Windham)  was  scarcely 
chargeable  with  exaggeration  in  saying,  that  '  he  verily 
believed  Mr.  Pitt  could  speak  a  King^s  speech  oflf  hand/ 

''To  these  qualities,  so  eminently  fitting  him  for  a 
ministerial  orator,  he  added  others  of  a  higher  description. 
His  fluency  of  language  was  almost  preternatural,  and  yet 
it  never  grew  tiresome ;  for  though  it  never  rose  to  any 
great  beauty,  yet  it  was  generally  characteristic  and  ap- 
propriate, and  from  time  to  time  it  did  contain  expressions 
of  more  than  ordinary  felicity,  if,  at  its  common  level,  it 
too  much  resembles  the  diction  of  a  State  Paper.  He  was 
rather  loud  and  vehement,  than  impassioned ;  and  appeared 
to  declaim  more  from  the  head  than  the  heart.  But  then 
he  reasoned  closely,  and  arranged  both  quickly  and  accu- 
rately ;  or  at  least  he  seemed  to  be  always  arguing  and 
distinguishing,  and  to  address  the  understanding  rather 
than  the  passions,  over  which  he  had  hardly  any  other 
control  than  that  which  subjects  the  nerves  of  an  audience 
to  a  sonorous  and  most  powerful  voice,  itself  under  strict 
discipline.  In  one  part  of  eloquence  and  only  in  one, 
could  he  be  deemed  an  orator  of  the  highest  genius ;  his 
sarcasm  was  at  once  keen  and  splendid  ;  it  was  brilliant, 
and  it  was  concise.^' 

Pitt  died  January  26th,  1806.  The  Legislature  voted 
£40,000,  for  the  payment  of  his  debts,  and  conferred  on 
him  the  honours  of  a  public  funeral,  and  monument  in 
Westminster  Abbey.  To  the  sui-prise  of  many,  Windham, 
who  had  been  his  colleague  in  office,  opposed  the  funeral 
honours.  He  said,  the  Mover  and  Seconder  of  the  Address 
had  called  upon  Members  to  bury  party  spirit  in  his  grave. 
He  had  no  political  animosity  to  bury ;  but  by  the  custom 
of  this  country,  and  indeed  of  all  nations  at  all  times,  these 
extraordinary  honours  have  been  only  conferred,  when 
there  has  been  a  certain  union  of  merit  and  success.  He 
cheerfully  recognized  the  splendid  talents  of  Mr.  Pitt; 
but  he  cannot  be  said  to  have  been  fortunate  in  the  result 


254  GILLRAY^S   CARICATURES. 

of  his  exertions.  This  opposition  drew  upon  Windham  a 
severe  rebuke  in  a  satirical  poem,  entitled  ^^  Elijah's  Man- 
tle, published  on  the  entrance  of  the  Fox  and  Grenville 
Administration  into  office."  Windham  is  thus  addressed : — 

"  Windham,  if  e'er  thy  sorrows  flow, 
For  priyate  loss  or  pablic  woe, 

Thy  rigid  brow  unbend  : 
Tears  oyer  Cssar,  Brutus  shed, 
His  hatred  warred  not  with  the  dead, 
And  Pitt  was  once  thy  friend. 

*'  Does  Enyy  bid  thee  not  to  mourn  ? 
Hold  then  his  mantle  up  to  scorn  ; 

His  well-earned  fame  assail ; 
0£  Funeral  honours  strip  his  corse* 
And  at  his  yirtues,  till  thou'rt  hoarse. 

Like  curat  Thersites  rail.'' 

306. 

THE  DEATH  OF  ADMIEAL  LORD  NELSON  IN 
THE  MOMENT  OF  VICTORY !       Bee.  23rd,  1805. 

A  rather  feeble  attempt  at  celebrating  the  great  battle 
of  Trafalgar,  fought  on  the  24th  of  October,  1805,  in 
which  Nelson  fell  in  the  moment  of  victory. 

307. 

LE  DLiBLE  BOITEUX ;  OR,  THE  DEVIL  UPON 
TWO  STICKS,  CONVEYING  JOHN  BULL  TO 
THE  LAND  OF  PROMISE.        February  8th,  1806. 

LORD  SIDMOUXn.       FOX.      LOKD  QRENVILLE.      JOHN    BULL. 

Fox,  as  the  Diable  Boiteux,  is  soaring  through  the  air. 
His  head  is  surmounted  by  the  Prince  of  Wales's  feathers. 
He  is  carrying  Lord  Sidmouth  under  his  left  wing,  who 
has  '^  Honesty^'  inscribed  over  his  head :  and  he  sustains 
Lord  Grenville  with  his  right  wing ;  over  Lord  Grenville's 
head  is  inscribed  "  Humility.'*  On  Fox's  back  is  inscribed 
"  Loyalty — Independence — Public  Good.''  He  is  calling  to 


I^OLITICAL   SERIES.  255 

John  Bull :  "  Come  along^  Johnny ;  take  fast  hold  of  my 
cloak^  and  I  will  bring  you  to  the  Icmd  of  milk  and  honey/' 
John  Bull  replies,  "  Oh  yes,  I  will  try  to  hold  fast,  but 
I'm  damnably  afraid  that  your  cloak  may  slip  off  before 
we  get  there ;  and  I  may  chance  to  break  my  neck." 

On  Fox's  accession  to  oflSce,  after  Pitt's  death.  Fox's 
two  crutches  are  Lords  Sidmouth  and  Grenville.  Fox's 
coalition  with  the  latter  led  to  the  formation  of  the  cele< 
brated  Broad-Bottom  Administration,  which  was  com* 
pleted  on  the  3rd  of  February,  1806. 

308. 
THE  CABINETICAL  BALANCE.        Feb.  \6th,  1806. 

LORD  BLLEKBOBOUOU.  LORD   ERSXINE.  LORD   MOIRA. 

FOX.  GRET.  LORD   SIDMOUTH.  LORD   QRENVILLE. 

LORD   TEMPLE.  WINDHAM. 

Lord  Ellenborough  is  mounted  upon  the  shoulders  of 
Lord  Sidmouth,  with  his  feet  placed  on  the  Cabinet 
balance.  The  two  other  sections  of  the  Cabinet — the 
No-bottomites  and  the  Broad-bottomites — are  in  the 
opposite  scales.  By  a  pressure  of  his  left  foot  Lord 
Ellenborough  inclines  the  balance  in  favour  of  the  Broad-- 
bottomites. 

When  Fox  and  Lord  Grenville  made  overtures  to  Lord 
Sidmouth  to  join  their  Administration,  he  assented  on 
condition  of  naming  one  friend  as  a  member  of  the 
Cabinet,  and  selected  Lord  Ellenborough,  the  Chief 
Justice  of  the  King's  Bench.  No  act  of  the  Whig 
Ministry  was  so  unpopular.  The  Friends  of  Liberty  were 
indignant  that  ''the  Man  of  the  People"  should  have 
been  prevailed  on  to  consent  to  the  admission  of  the 
Chief  Judge  in  trials  for  libels  instituted  by  the  Crown, 
when  the  Judge  himself  formed  a  part  of  the  Executive 
(Jovemment.  The  inconvenience  had  been  seriously  felt 
in  the  instance  of  Lord  Mansfield,  whose  conduct  on  the 

17 


256  gillrat's  cabicatures. 

trial  of  Woodfall  for  the  publication  of  Junias's  Letters, 
and  of  others  for  alleged  libels^  had  fully  established  the 
justice  of  their  repugnance.  Mr.  Fox  made  a  most 
ingenious  speech  to  prove  that  ^'the  Cabinet"  was  only 
a  modem  term,  and  was  unknown  to  the  Law  or  Con- 
stitution. It  was  only  a  deputation  of  the  Privy  Council, 
and  every  Chief  Justice  was  a  member  of  the  Privy 
Council.  The  defence  was  ingenious,  but  not  solid,  and 
the  public  remained  unconvinced  and  dissatisfied,  though 
the  House  of  Commons  had  refused  to  sanction  Mr. 
Spencer  Stanhope's  motion  for  the  removal  of  Lord 
BUenborough.*  The  rising  sun  of  the  Prince  of  Wales 
shines  upon  the  new  Ministers,  while  the  spirit  of  Pitt  is 
hovering  over  the  setting  sun  of  the  Kiug. 


809. 

TIDDT.DOLL,  THE  GREAT  FRENCH  GINGER- 
BREAD  BAKER  DRAWING  OUT  A  NEW 
BATCH   OF   KINGS.  Janua/ry  23rd,  1806. 

PRINCE   TALLETRAND.  NAPOLEON.  SHERIDAN.  FOX. 

LORD   STANHOPE.  U)BD   MOIEA.  LORD   DERBT. 

Buonaparte,  represented  as  ^'  The  great  French  Ginger- 
bread Baker,'*  is  drawing  out  of  "  The  New  French  Oven 
for  Imperial  Gingerbread''  a  batch  of  Kings — "The  Kings 
of  Bavaria,  Wirtemberg,  and  Baden."  "  The  Ash-hole  for 
Broken  Gingerbread"  contains  Italy — ^Austria — The  Ne- 
therlands— Holland — ^and  Switzerland,  swept  in  by  *'  the 
Corsican  Besom  of  Destruction ;"  also  Death's  head  wear- 
ing the  Spanish  Crown.  A  pile  of  cannon  balls  supplies 
fuel  for  feeding  the  fire  of  the  Imperial  oven.  On  the 
right  of  the  print  we  see  "Little  Dough  Viceroys  intended 

*  The  preaent  Lord  Ellenboroiigh  has  declared  in  the  Home  of  Lordi 
that  hiB  father,  in  the  Utter  part  of  his  life,  admitted  the  inexpediency  of  the 
appointment,  and  deeply  regretted  his  acceptance  of  the  seat  in  the  CaUnet 


POLITICAL  SEBIES.  257 

for  the  New  Batch  ;*'  in  these  we  recognise  the  portraits 
of  Sheridan,  Fox,  Lord  Moira,  &c.  with  crowns  on  their 
heads.  On  the  left  is  the  "  Political  Kneading  Trough  /' 
Talleyrand  is  busily  employed  in  kneading  the  dough  of 
Hungary,  Turkey  and  Poland.  The  Prussian  Eagle,  with 
a  crown  on  its  head,  is  hovering  over  Hanover.  A 
basket  below  contains  "  True  Corsican  Kinglings  for 
Home  Consumption  and  Exportation.^'  Beside  it  is 
"  Hot  Spiced  Gingerbread,  all  hot !  who  dips  in  my  lucky 
bag?''  &c.  &c. 

This  print  is  a  most  spirited  satire  on  the  wanton  man- 
ner in  which  Buonaparte  displayed  his  despotic  power 
about  this  period,  depriving  one  Boyal  Family  of  its 
Crown  and  Sceptre,  and  tossing  them  to  a  relative  or 
&vourite.  We  were  told  "the  House  of  Braganza"  had 
ceased  to  reign,  and  immediately  after,  the  elevation  of 
Murat,  his  brother-in-law,  to  the  vacant  throne  was  pro- 
claimed. The  Eling  of  Spain  was  deposed^  and  his  own 
brother  Joseph  was  announced  to  astonished  Europe,  as 
the  monarch  of  that  gallant  nation  of  gentlemen  and 
cavaliers ;  thus  realizing  what  the  ambition  of  Lewis  XIV. 
had  never  been  able  to  effect  by  the  War  of  Succession-— 
the  virtual  annexation  of  Spain  to  France. 

An  admirable  illustration  of  the  subject  of  this  print 
occurs  in  Sheridan's  speech  on  the  state  of  Ireland  in  the 
following  year.  "  I  cannot  patiently  think  of  such  petty 
party  squabbles,  while  Buonaparte  is  grasping  the  nations; 
while  he  is  surrounding  France,  not  with  the  iron  frontier, 
for  which  the  wish  and  childish  ambition  of  Lewis  XIV. 
was  so  eager,  but  with  kingdoms  of  his  own  creation ; 
securing  the  gratitude  of  higher  minds  as  the  hostage, 
and  the  fears  of  others  as  pledges  for  his  safety.  His 
are  no  ordinary  fortifications.  His  Mabtbllo  Towers 
ABE  HIS  Alues;   Cbowns  and  Sceptres  abe   the  Pali- 

SADOES     of     his     ENTRENCHMENTS,     AND     EIlNOS     ARE     HIS 

Sentinels." 

17* 


258  oillrat's  cabicatubes. 

310. 

MAKING    DECENT;    i.  e.    BROAD-BOTTOMITES 
GETTING  INTO   THE   GRAND   COSTUME. 

February  20th,  1806. 

GBET.  FOX.  LOBD   SIDMOUTH.  LOBD   HENBT   PBTTT. 

WINDHAM.       LOBD  OBENVILLE.       LOBD  MOIBA.        8HEBIDAK. 
DUE3   OF  BEDFOBD.        TIEBNET.         EBSKINE.        VANSITTABT. 

The  Whigs  had  long  been  out  of  office^  and  it  was  a 
trick  of  the  Tory  press  to  represent  the  party  as  men  of 
little  property;  though  the  names  and  estates  of  the  Duke 
of  Northumberland,  Duke  of  Devonshire,  Duke  of  Bed- 
ford, Duke  of  Norfolk,  &c.  might  have  been  confidently 
opposed  to  an  equal  number  of  names  of  the  other  side. 
The  idea  of  measuring  the  merits  of  Statesmen  by  the 
length  of  their  purses  was  grovelling,  and  would  have 
deprived  the  country  of  the  services  of  Lord  Chatham, 
Pitt,  Fox,  Burke,  Lord  Liverpool,  Canning,  and  many 
other  illustrious  names. 

The  conception  of  this  print  is  remarkably  clever.  Gill- 
ray  represents  the  new  Ministers  as  having  been  so  long 
out  of  oflSce,  that  they  were  quite  unprepared  for  appear- 
ance at  Court.  But  the  idea  is  carried  out  with  so  much 
playfulness  and  good  humour  that  the  parties  caricatured 
must  have  themselves  joined  heartily  in  the  laugh. 

Fox  is  shaving  before  a  glass ;  he  has  hid  his  bonnet 
rouge,  and  his  blue  and  buff  coat  and  waistcoat  under  a 
chair ;  a  dress  sword  is  placed  ready  by  his  side.  Grey  is 
cleaning  his  teeth  before  the  same  glass,  which  has  the 
Prince  of  Wales's  feathers  over  it.  Lord  Sidmonth'a 
countenance  is  partially  obscured  by  the  exhalations  fi*om 
a  powder-puff.  Lord  Moira.,  already  nearly  dressed  in  his 
regimentals,  is  tying  on  his  stock.  Lord  Robert  Spencer 
is  washing  his  hands.  Lord  Grenville,  while  dressing, 
turns  his  Broad-Bottom  on  some  of  his  colleagues.     Lord 


POLITICAL  SSBIE8.  259 

Erskine^  attired  in  the  dress  of  Lord  Cliancellor,  is  looking 
with  delight  at  himself  in  a  glass.  Lord  Henry  Petty  is 
strutting  about  the  room^  admiring  his  Chancellor  of  the 
Exchequer's  robe ;  and  the  Duke  of  Bedford^  appointed 
Lord-Lieutenant  of  Ireland,  is  drawing  on  his  boots,  pre- 
paring to  start  for  Lreland  to  assume  the  government.  On 
the  ground  near  him  is  a  plan  of  '*  The  Road  from  Wobum 
Farm  to  Ireland,"  and  "  A  new  Way  of  Improving  the 
Irish  Breed  of  Black  Cattle." 

Lord  Henry  Petty  is  thus  alluded  to  in  the  satirical 
poem  *'  Elijah's  Mantle :" — 

"  Pitt*8  Cheqaer  robe  'tis  thime  to  wear> 
Take  of  hk  Mantle  loo  a  share, 

Twill  aid  thy  Ways  and  Means  ; 
And  should  Fat  Jack  and  his  Cabal 
Cry,  <Rob  ns  the  Exchequer,  Hal,' 

'Twill  charm  away  the  fiends." 

And  Lord  Sidmouth  is  thus  apostrophised  in  the  same 
poem : — 

<*  Sidmouth, — though  low  TUa  head  is  laid, 
Who  called  thee  from  thy  natiye  shade. 

And  gaye  thee  second  birth  ; 
GaTe  thee  the  sweets  of  power  and  place. 
The  tofted  gown — the  gilded  mace, 

And  raised  thy  pony  worth  : 

**  Think  how  his  Mantle  wrapped  thee  roand  : 
Is  one  of  eqnal  rirtoe  found 

Among  thy  new  compeers  ? 
Or  can  thy  cloak  of  Amiens  sto^ 
Once  laughed  to  scorn  by  Bine  and  Bnff, 

Screen  thee  from  Windham's  jeers  ? 

We  shall  conclude  with  directing  the  attention  of  the 
reader  to  the  principal  member  of  the  new  Administration 
— Fox,  and  his  presentation  at  Court.  ''He  went  to 
Court  in  all  the  simplicity  of  a  plain  dress,  without 
powder.  He  was  pleased  with  the  King^s  reception  of  him, 
and  he  uniformly  appeared  to  me,  the  whole  subsequent 


260  gilleay's  casicatubes. 

time  he  was  in  office,  full  of  just  respect  for  his  Majesty, 
attentive  to  his  wishes,  and  anxious  to  conduct  matters  in 
the  office  so  as  to  merit  the  continuance  of  his  approbation/' 
•—See  Trotter's  Memoirs,  p.  374. 

''  The  introduction  of  Mr.  Fox  so  late  into  his  Majesty's 
Councils  may  be  thought  to  have  occasioned  some  embar- 
rassment between  the  Monarch  and  his  patriotic  and 
neglected  Minister.  Nothing  of  this  kind,  however,  took 
place.  The  Sovereign  possessed  too  much  dignity  and 
elevation  of  mind  to  adopt  any  party  animosity,  and  the 
Minister  felt  too  profound  a  respect  for  his  Royal  master, 
and  too  much  veneration  for  monarchy  itself,  not  to 
approach  the  Boyal  presence  in  a  manner  worthy  of  him- 
self and  of  the  King.  Everything  passed,  therefore,  in 
the  most  agreeable  and  gracious  manner.'^ 

"  From  the  time  of  Mr.  Fox's  entering  the  Cabinet  in 
February,  1806,  till  his  illness,  his  Majesty  had  never 
occasion  to  testify  disapprobation :  with  his  mode  of  con- 
ducting a  negociation  he  was  much  pleased ;  his  dispatches 
obtained  even  his  Majesty's  admiration — and  of  official 
writing  there  was  no  better  judge — and  there  can  be  little 
doubt  that  with  such  a  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  the 
name  of  the  Sovereign  and  of  Great  Britain  (had  he  been 
spared)  would  have  risen  to  great  and  proud  estimation 
abroad." — Trotter's  Memoirs,  ^.377. 

311. 
MORE    PIGS    THAN    TEATS;    OR,    THE    NEW 
LITTER   OP    HUNGRY  GRUNTERS,   SUCKING 
JOHN  BULL'S   OLD  SOW  TO  DEATH. 

March  5th,  1806. 

HORNE  TOOES.  SIB  F.  BURDETT.  TIEBNET.  DUKE  OF  BEDFORD. 
LOBD  CARLISLE.  LORD  ERSKIKE.  LORD  QRENVILLE.  LORD  H. 
PETTY.  LORD  TEMPLE.  LORD  DERBY.  LORD  SIDMOUTH. 
SHERIDAN.  FOX.  OREY.  LORD  HOIRA.  WINDHAM.  THE 
SPEAKER. 

On  the  numerous  new  mouths  which,  by  the  accession 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  261 

of  the  Whigs  to  power,  were  to  be  added  to  those  which 
ahready  pulled  so  greedily  at  John  Bull's  purse.  John 
appears  in  great  alarm  at  the  eagerness  of  his  numerous 
brood. 

312. 
A  TUB  FOR  THE  WHALE.  March  lith,  1806. 

LOSD  EB8KINE.  SHERIDAN.  LORD  OBENVILLE.  LORD  H. 
PETTY.      FOX.      LORD  ELLEKBOROUOH.      PRINCE  OF  WALES. 

Another  satire  on  the  Broad-Bottoms,  whose  ship  is 
wafted  forward  by  the  favour  of  the  Prince  of  Wales, 
while  they  are  obliged  to  thrown  out  an  empty  barrel 
(supposed  to  represent  the  great  promises  of  the  Whigs) 
to  amuse  the  great  leviathan  of  public  opinion,  which  is 
deluging  them  with  "  ridicule*'  and  '^  contempt/*  The  sun 
of  power  is  already  setting  upon  them.  The  broom  at  the 
mast-head  indicates  that  the  boat  is  to  be  disposed  of. 

313. 

A  GREAT  STREAM  FROM  A  PETTY  FOUNTAIN ; 
OR,  JOHN  BULL  SWAMPED  IN  THE  FLOOD 
OF  NEW  TAXES.  May  9th,  1806. 

WINDHAM.  GRET.  LORD  DESBT.  DUKE  OF  BEDFORD.  VOX. 
LORD  MOIRA.  LORD   GBENVILLE.  SHERIDAN.  LORD 

8IDH0UTH.        TIERNET.        LORD  H.  PETTY.      SIR  F.  BURDETT. 
HORNE  TOOKE. 

On  the  bndget  of  Lord  Henry  Petty,  the  new  Chan- 
cellor of  the  Exchequer.  The  Whigs  had  always  cried  out 
against  excessive  taxation,  and  now  they  were  in  power, 
they  were  not  only  obliged  to  adopt  the  system  of  their 
predecessors,  but  they  found  it  necessary  to  add  to  the 
burden  already  existing.  The  opponents  of  the  new 
Ministry  took  advantage  of  the  position  in  which  they  were 
thus  placed,  to  reproach  the  Whigs  with  being  less  econo- 


""'"^  c«>oa  t\>i»«*  °\-  bete  ««'- 


POLITICAL   8BEIES.  263 

hands  held  np  snppliantly  to  Fox ;  his  sword  has  dropped 
from  his  grasp.  Fox^s  right  foofc  is  trampling  npon  it. 
Fox  stands  over  the  King  with  a  drawn  sword,  and  ex- 
claims, "  Oh,  you  Prussian  Marauder,  you  !  What,  IVe 
caught  you  at  last  ?  What,  you  took  me  for  a  double- 
&ced  Talleyrand,  did  you  ?  Did  you  think  J  was  like 
yourself,  to  look  one  way  and  row  another  ?  What,  you 
thought  because  I  make  loyal  speeches  now,  that  I  must 
be  a  turncoat.  O  you  Frenchified  Villain !  1^11  teach  you 
to  humbug  and  insult  my  poor  dear,  dear  Master,  and  to 
join  with  such  rascals  as  Boney  and  O'Connor.'^  The 
King  of  Prussia  replies,  "  Indeed,  indeed,  indeed  I  could 
not  help  it.''  Fox's  left  hand  is  placed  behind  him,  hold- 
ing a  paper  inscribed  ^*The  State  of  the  Nation;"  it  is 
thereby  insinuated  that  his  speeches  while  in  opposition 
had  described  the  country  to  be  so  inadequately  defended 
that  the  French  Emperor  was  encouraged  to  undertake 
its  invasion. 

The  surrender  of  Ulm,  and  the  destructive  battle  of 
Austerlitz  had  inflicted  the  most  extensive  calamities  on 
our  Allies;  but  Buonaparte  had  not  been  able  to  wrest 
from  Grreat  Britain  any  portion  of  her  dominions.  The 
East  and  West  Indies  were  intact.  The  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  Malta,  Trinidad,  and  the  Ionian  Islands,  annexed  to 
Great  Britain  since  the  Peace  of  Amiens,  remained  secure 
in  her  possession. 

Buonaparte,  therefore,  determined  to  inflict  a  wound  on 
the  personal  feelings  of  George  III.  where  he  thought  he 
would  be  most  sensitive.  He  turned  his  eyes  towards 
Hanover,  and  resolved  to  deprive  the  King  of  the  here- 
ditary dominions  of  his  family. 

On  the  15th  of  December,  1805,  a  Convention  was  con- 
cluded at  Vienna,  between  the  Emperor  of  the  French  and 
Count  Haugwitz.  It  was  stipulated  that  Prussia  should 
cede  her  ancient  possessions  of  Anspach  and  Bayreuth, 
and  some  other  provinces,  and  be  allowed  to  indemnify 


264  oillrat's  cabicatures. 

herself  by  seizing  and  appropriating  to  herself  the  Elec- 
torate of  Hanover.  On  the  10th  of  April,  1806,  the  King 
of  Prussia  proclaimed  himself  King  of  Hanover.  On 
the  23rd  day  of  April  Mr.  Secretary  Pox  brought  down 
a  message  to  the  House  of  Commons  from  the  King,  an- 
nouncing that  the  King  of  Prussia  had  taken  possession 
of  Hanover,  and  closed  its  ports  against  the  ships  of  Great 
Britain. 

In  a  very  moderate  speech  Fox  enlarged  on  the  gross 
injustice  of  this  conduct  of  the  King  of  Prussia,  and 
shewed  that  it  did  not  proceed  from  urgent  necessity,  for 
Bussia  had  promised  him  powerful  military  assistance,  and 
England  had  engaged  to  furnish  large  pecuniary  supplies, 
if  he  should  be  drawn  into  a  war  with  France.  "  These 
were  the  means  he  possessed  of  giving  weight  to  his  nego- 
tiations, and  how  did  he  apply  these  means  ?  Why,  to 
seize  a  part  of  the  territories  of  one  of  those  powers,  which 
had  been  supporting  him  in  that  rank  and  situation,  which 
enabled  him  to  conclude  his  treaty. — He  says,  because  I 
have  lost  Anspach  and  Bayreuth,  I  therefore  feel  myself 
under  the  necessity  of  seizing  the  dominions  of  some  third 
power,  not  only  of  a  third  power,  but  of  one  that  from  all 
times,  and  by  every  circumstance,  I  am  bound  to  respect.'' 
He  stated  that,  in  communicating  to  the  Prussian  Minister, 
Baron  Jacobi,  his  Majesty's  just  resentment,  he  had  ex- 
pressed to  him  that  ^'  no  consideration  of  convenience,  or 
mutual  accommodation,  much  less  of  equivalent,  would 
ever  induce  his  Majesty  to  forget  the  exemplary  fidelity 
of  his  Hanoverian  subjects,  or  consent  to  the  alienation  of 
the  Electorate."  He  added,  that  it  was  impossible  to 
doubt  that  the  King  of  Prussia  was  acting  under  the  in- 
fluence and  dictation  of  France,  for  he  had  not  only  seized 
Hanover,  but  had  closed  its  ports  against  England.  This 
was  a  direct  act  of  hostility,  and  a  legitimate  cause  of  war. 
He  concluded  by  moving  an  address  to  the  King,  promis- 
ing support,  which  was  carried  unanimously. 


POLITICAL  SERIIS.  265 

316. 

COMFORTS    OF   A    BED    OF    ROSES. 

April  2l8t,  1806. 

GHOST  OF  PITT.  FOX.  MBS.   FOX.  NAPOLEON. 

The  conception  of  this  print  is  remarkably  happy,  and 
Gillray  has  bestowed  particular  pains  on  its  details.  The 
allusion  to  Fox's  illness,  and  its  causes,  aggravates  the 
satire,  but  most  readers  will  think  it  had  better  have  been 
omitted,  and  was  unnecessary  for  the  illustration  of  the 
subject. 

Fox  and  Mrs.  Fox  are  in  bed.  Fox's  slumbers  are 
agonized  by  the  vision  of  Buonaparte,  whose  right  hand 
holds  a  drawn  swoid  over  him,  and  his  lefb  tightly  grasps 
Fox's  collar ;  resting  his  right  foot  on  the  bed,  and  his  lefb 
on  a  cannon,  inscribed  ''  pour  subjuguer  le  Monde."  A 
fierce  mastifiT  (John  Bull)  is  flying  at  Buonaparte.  A  ban- 
ner, surmounted  by  a  bird  of  prey,  and  inscribed  ''  Hor- 
rors of  Invasion,"  is  seen  floating  behind  Buonaparte. 
Death's  head  is  looking  from  under  the  bed,  "grinning 
horribly  a  ghastly  smile ;"  his  lefb  arm  holds  up  to  Fox's 
view  an  hour-glass,  the  sand  has  nearly  run  out ;  round 
his  left  arm  is  entwined  a  scroll,  inscribed  "  Intemperance, 
Dropsy,  Dissolution."  Death's  right  hand  grasps  his 
spear.  The  Prussian  Eagle  is  hovering  over  Fox's  bed 
(Prussia  had  recently  seized  BAnover)  •  On  the  right  o^ 
Fox's  bed,  Pitf  s  ghost  is  endeavouring  to  rouse  him  from 
his  sleep,  exclaiming, "  Awake,  arise,  or  be  for  ever  fallen." 
On  the  right  side  of  the  bed,  on  the  floor,  are  symbols 
of  Fox's  difficulties — ^^  India  Roses  :"  "  Emancipation 
Roses :"  "  French  Roses  :"  ''  Volunteer  Roses."  At  the 
bottom  of  the  bed  lies  '^  A  List  of  the  Broad-Bottom  Ad- 
ministration"— Citizen  Volpone,  Lord  Bogy  (Lord  Gren- 
ville,  nicknamed  Bogy  Grenville),  Bett  Armstead  (Mrs. 
Fox),  Doctor  Clysterpipe  (Lord  Sidmouth),  Miss  Petty 
(Lord  H.  Petty). 


266  GILLBAY^S   CAHICATURES. 

Gillray^s  '^Bed  of  Bosss'^  took  its  origin  from  an  ex- 
pression of  Lord  Castlereagh  in  his  speech  on  Windham's 
motion  on  the  military  establishments  of  the  country. 
Lord  Castlereagh  concluded  an  elaborate  speech  by  de- 
claring that  the  late  Administration^  in  handing  over  the 
Government  of  the  country  to  their  successors^  had  placed 
them  on  ^'  A  Bed  of  Boses/'  When  it  is  recollected  that 
Ulm  had  surrendered  without  resistance,  that  Buonaparte 
had  triumphantly  entered  Vienna,  and  the  fatal  battle  of 
Austerlitz  had  been  lost^  it  required  no  ordinary  intrepidity 
to  make  the  assertion  in  the  face  of  an  audience  &miliar 
with  these  events ;  but  we  will  record  Lord  Gastlereagh's 
own  account,  and  Mr.  Pox's  indignant  reply. 

Lord  Castlereagh  said : — "  The  Noble  Lord  (Lord  H* 
Petty)  has  found  a  revenue  progressively  productive,  public 
credit  such  as  to  enable  him  to  borrow  for  the  service  of  the 
year  on  terms  highly  advantageous  to  the  public ;  and  the 
general  prosperity  of  the  country  such  as  to  admit  of  his 
adopting  the  manly  resolution  of  raising  a  large  additional 
proportion  of  the  supplies  within  the  year.  The  Noble 
Lord  (Lord  Howick)  has  found  a  navy,  on  the  numbers  and 
efficiency  of  which  it  is  as  little  necessary  for  me  to  com- 
ment, as  upon  their  late  unrivalled  achievements.  The 
Bight  Hon.  Gentleman  (Mr.  Windham)  has  found  an 
army  exceeding  by  25,000  men  the  greatest  army  the 
country  ever  before  possessed,  and  of  a  description  which 
qualifies  them  to  fulfil  every  wish  their  Sovereign  can  form 
with  respect  to  their  exertions,  if  their  character  and  con- 
stitution is  not  broken  down  by  inconsiderate  and  specu- 
lative innovations.  I  again  repeat,  that  the  Government 
has  great  difficulties  to  surmount,  but  they  arise  from  , 
causes  which  my  late  Bight  Hon.  Friend  (Mr.  Pitt)  and  \ 
those  who  acted  with  him,  had  neither  the  power  nor  the  ^ 
means  to  control.  Whatever  was  immediately  under  his 
own  guidance  has  been  successfully  conducted ;  and  I  do 
not  hesitate  to  assert  that  in  all  the  essential  points  above 


\ 


\ 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  267 

alkided  to,  viz.  the  finances,  the  navy  and  the  army,  com- 
pared.with  the  embarrassments  under  which  they  are  dis- 
posed to  represent  themselves  as  taking  the  Government, 

THS   PBISSNT    AdMIKISTBATION    MAT  BE   CONSIDEBED  AS   ON 

A  Bed  OF  Roses/' 

Mr.  Secretary  Fox  said : — '^  What  has  fallen  from  the 
Noble  Lord  appears  to  me  so  extraordinary  that  I  coald 
not  have  imagined  that  any  human  nerves  were  sufficient 
to  enable  any  one  gravely  to  make  such  assertions  as  he 
has  hazarded.  He  has  told  us  that  the  country  is  now 
placed  in  such  a  state  of  proud  splendour  and  universal 
prosperity,  as  never  had  been  handed  over  by  any  ministry 
to  their  successors.  Grracious  Gt>d  I  and  in  what  does 
this  prosperity,  of  which  he  boasts,  consist  ?  Undoubtedly 
the  navy,  by  the  most  unparalleled  gallantry,  and  the  most 
wonderful  success,  even  beyond  human  calculation,  is  in  a 
state  in  which  the  task  of  my  Bight  Hon.  Friend  near  mo 
(Lord  Howick)  is  comparatively  easy.  But  may  it  not  be 
questioned  whether  all  the  merit  is  due  to  the  last  Board  ? 
nay,  whether,  with  a  reference  to  the  future,  and  mainte- 
nance of  the  navy,  everything  is  quite  so  meritorious  as 
the  Noble  Lord  asserts  ?  But  of  the  splendid  victories 
achieved,  is  the  whole  credit  to  be  concentrated  in  the  last 
eighteen  months  ?  Is  none  due  to  that  Board  of  Admiralty 
at  which  Lord  St.  Vincent  presided  ?  none  due  to  those 
who  selected  and  appointed  those  officers  ?  The  Noble 
Lord,  indeed,  defended  Lord  St.  Vincent  too ;  but  it  can- 
not be  denied  that  many  of  his  friends  entertained  against 
that  gallant  officer  as  strong  prejudices  as  ever  existed  in 
the  minds  of  men.  But,  after  mentioning  the  navy,  I  do 
not  know  that  there  is  a  single  point  on  which  I  can  sub- 
scribe to  the  Noble  Lord's  representation  of  the  state  of 
the  country.  Is  it  in  the  finances  that  we  are  to  seek  for 
the  proofs  ?  Because  the  last  Administration  laid  very 
heavy  burdens  on  the  public,  did  that  facilitate  the  laying 
on  of  those  new  burdens  which  my  noble  Friend  (Lord  H. 


268  oillbat's  caricatubes. 

Petty)  found  it  his  duty  to  propose  ?  It  is  true  we  have 
forty-three  millions  of  revenue ;  but  is  it  very  consolatory 
that  we  have  an  expenditure  of  forty-three  millions  ?  Is 
there  no  relation  between  these  objects  ?  or  is  it  a  proof 
of  prosperity  that  our  taxes  are  enormous^  though  they 
are  borne  with  cheerfulness^  because  they  may  be  neces- 
sary ?  Does  the  Noble  Lord  appeal  to  Ireland  as  that 
with  the  state  of  which  there  is  every  reason  to  be  proud  f 
Is  India  in  the  best  possible  state^  quite  prosperous  and 
tranquil  ?  Where  then  is  the  '  Bed  ov  Boses'  to  which 
we  have  succeeded  ?  Really  it  is  insulting,  to  tell  me,  I 
am  on  a  bed  of  roses,  when  I  feel  myself  torn  and  stung  by 
brambles  and  nettles,  whichever  way  I  turn.  Even  the 
Noble  Lord's  late  colleague  admits,  '  the  Continent  is  not 
in  a  very  satisfactory  state  1 1'  ''-^{Hansard's  Debates, 
Vol.  6,  p.  707.) 

317. 
THE  BEAR  AND  HIS  LEADER.       May  19th,  1806. 

LORD   SIDMOUTH.      LORD   H.    PETTY.      FOX.      LORD  GBENVILLK. 

Fox  is  represented  as  a  bear  muzzled  and  led  in  a  chain 
by  his  master.  Lord  Grenville :  he  says,  ^'  What  though  I 
am  obliged  to  dance  a  bear,  a  man  may  be  a  gentleman 
for  all  that  ;'*  Lord  Grenville  has  a  cudgel  in  his  hand, 
inscribed,  "  Cudgel  for  disobedient  Bears.'*  A  paper  in- 
scribed, ''  Rewards  for  obedient  Bears,''  hangs  from  his 
pocket.  He  calls  out,  "Don't  be  afraid  of  my  Bear, 
Ladies  and  Gentlemen,  I  have  tamed  and  muzzled  him, 
and  reformed  his  habits  :"  "  My  Bear  ever  dances  to  the 
genteelest  of  tunes."  Lord  Sidmouth  enacts  the  part  of 
a  blind  old  fiddler  with  a  wooden  leg,  and  is  playing  "  God 
save  the  King "  to  the  dancing  of  the  bear.  From  his 
pocket  hangs,  "  Pray  remember  your  poor  and  old  blind 
Fiddler."  Lord  Henry  Petty,  as  a  monkey,  holds  the 
bear's  tail  with  one  hand,  and  a  cap  in  the  other,  to  collect 
contributions ;    he  is  dancing,  at  his  feet  is  the  ballad,     1 

I 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  269 

*'  And  a  begging  we  will  go.'*  One  of  the  bear's  feet  is 
on  '^  5a  ira/'  Behind  Lord  Sidmouth  hangs  out  a  sign- 
post, inscribed  "Pro  Bono  Publico.  Superb  fine  Exhibi- 
tion at  the  Bear-Garden,  Broad-Bottom  Alley.  Orpheus 
charming  the  BruteSi  with  a  grand  accompaniment  by  Dr. 
Sangrado.'*  By  his  side,  "  Pease  Soup,  or  Bruin's 
Delight,  a  Ballet  /'  and  "  Bubble  and  Squeak,  a  Duett,'' 
an  allusion  to  Lord  Grenville's  relatives.  Sir  Watkins 
William  Winn  and  Mr.  Charles  Winn,  so  nick-named. 

The  insinuation  intended  to  be  conveyed  by  Gillray  in 
this  print  is,  that  Fox  having  owed  his  introduction  to 
ofBce  to  Lord  Grenville,  to  whom  the  Eling  had  given  a 
carte  blanche  to  form  an  Administration,  was  thereby 
reduced  to  subordination  to  that  Nobleman.  The  consti- 
tution of  the  Cabinet,  and  the  measures  adopted  by  the 
new  Ministers,  particularly  the  mode  of  opening  the  nego- 
tiation for  peace  with  France,  and  the  frank  and  concilia- 
tory spirit  in  which  it  was  condacted,  proved  that  Fox's 
genius  was  in  the  ascendant.  Fox  loved  to  take  counsel 
with  his  colleagues  on  terms  of  equality ;  he  would  not 
have  brooked  a  superior.  Lord  Grenville  had  the  good 
sense  to  appreciate  the  value  of  his  alliance.  He  was  the 
only  man  of  the  party  who  could,  at  that  time,  have  led 
the  House  of  Commons  with  equal  success.  It  redounds 
to  the  honour  of  the  three  sections  which  constituted  the 
Cabinet,  that  they  seem  to  have  acted  together  with 
mutual  confidence,  unalloyed  by  jealousy,^as  long  as  the 
health  of  Fox  was  spared  to  share  in  their  deliberations. 

318. 
THE  TRIUMPH  OF  QUASSIA.  Jtme  10th,  1806. 

BAECLAT.  COMBB.  WHITBBEAD.  LOBD   H.   PETTY. 

LOBD   OBEKVILLE.  FOX. 

On  the  support  given  to  the  monopoly  of  the  great 
breweries,  and  the  alleged  substitution  of  quassia  for  hops 


270  gtllray's  caeicatubks. 

in  brewing  porter.  The  great  brewers  of  the  day  form 
the  procession  on  foot ;  while  the  three  ministers,  now 
riding  the  same  horse,  take  the  lead. 

319. 
VISITING  THE  SICK.  July  28th,  1806. 

LORD  TEMPLE.  LOBD  GBEKVILLE.  MABQtJIS  OF  BUCKINOHAV. 
LOBD  SIDMOUTH.  LOBD  DEBET.  MBS.  FOX.  LOBD  H.  PETTY. 
WINDHAM.  LOBD   MOIBA.  PBIKGE   OF  WALES.  MBS. 

FtTZHEBBEBT.      FOX.      SHEBIDAN.      LOBD  HOWICK. 

Fox  is  raised  up  in  a  great  arm-chair,  his  swollen  legs 
indicate  the  last   stage    of   dropsy.     Mrs.  Fitzherbertj 
habited  as  an  Abbess,  is  endeavouring  to  console  him  : 
'^  Do  confess  your  sins,  Charley  !     Do  take  advice  from  an 
old  Abbess,  and  receive    absolution  !      Here  is  Bishop 
O^Bother,  'twill  be  quite  snug  among  friends,  you  know." 
The  Roman  Catholic  Prelate  in  full  pontificals,  with  a 
crucifix  at  his  side,  thus  addresses  him  :  ''  0  Tempora,  O 
Mores  I  Charley,  dear  Charley  I  remember  your  poor  soul, 
and  if  you're  spared  this  time,  give  us  Emancipation— 
or —  I !  !''  Sheridan,  standing  behind  him  says,  " Emanci- 
pation! Fudge!  Why,  Dr.  O'Bother,  I  thought  you  knew 
better ! "    A"  Scheme  for  a  new  Administration,'''  already 
prepared,  is  hanging  out  of  his  pocket.     Fox  replies  to  the 
Catholic  Bishop,  ''  I  abhor  all  communion  which  debars 
us  of  the  comfort  of  the  cup  !     Will  no  one  give  me  a 
cordial  ?"     The  Prince  of  Wales  appears  oppressed  with 
grief :  he  says,  ''Alas,  poor  Charley !  do  give  him  a  brim- 
mer of  sack,  'twill  do  him  more  good.  Abbess,  than  all  the 
Bishop's  nostrums  !"     From  the  Prince's  pocket  is  seen 
hanging  a  ''  Letter  from  JeflFery."     This  alludes  to  a  pam- 
phlet recently  published  by  JefiFery,  who  had  been  an  emi- 
nent goldsmith  and  jeweller  in  Dover  Street,  and  had  been 
ruined  by  the  large  amount  of  jewellery  and  plate  he  had 
furnished  to  the  Prince  of  Wales  and  Mrs.  Fitzherbert  by 


POLITICAL  SERIES.  271 

the  Prince's  order.  Despairing  of  obtaining  payment,  he 
had  recently  printed  '' A  Letter  to  the  Prince  of  Wales/' 
in  which  he  charged  him  with  having  induced  him  to  fur- 
nish the  jewellery  and  plate  by  the  most  solemn  and 
repeated  pledges  of  his  personal  honour  to  provide  for  the 
payment  of  the  debt,  and  notwithstanding,  having  left 
his  claim  totally  unliquidated.  On  a  stand  near  Fox's 
chair  a  chamber  utensil  is  placed  upon  ''  Negotiation 
for  peace  between  Great  Britain  and  France."  Lord 
Henry  Petty  is  weeping,  and  exclaims,  ''Ah  poor  me !  I 
fear  my  dancing  days  are  over."  ''New  Taxes  for  1806" 
are  seen  hanging  out  of  his  pocket.  Windham  cries  out, 
"  O  Lord,  what  side  can  I  tack  round  to  now  ?"  Lord 
Moira  says,  "  I  must  go  back  to  Ballynahinch,  och!  och!" 
Lord  Grenville  asks,  "  Well,  Doctor,  have  you  done  his 
business  ?"  Lord  Sidmouth  replies,  "  We'll  see."  Mrs. 
Fox  has  fainted  in  a  comer  of  the  room ;  Lord  Derby  is 
administering  to  her  a  glass  of  true  Maidstone  gin  (an 
allusion  to  the  trial  of  O'Connor  at  Maidstone),  and  says, 
^'My  dear  old  flame  Bet,  don't  despair!  if  Charley  is 
popp'd  oflf,  an't  I  here  to  comfort  you  ?" 

This  print  is  a  strong  exemplification  of  the  bitterness 
of  party  violence  prevalent  at  this  time.  The  sorrows  and 
Bufferings  of  a  sick  room  are  not  proper  subjects  of  legi- 
timate satire.  There  was  no  pretence  of  superior  sanctity 
or  patriotism  claimed  for  Mr.  Fox  on  the  part  of  his 
friends,  and  consequently  no  ground  for  invading  the 
privacy  of  domestic  life.  It  affords  us,  however,  the 
opportunity  of  recording,  that  in  his  last  illness,  Mr.  Fox 
received  the  most  affectionate  attentions  from  his  old 
friends. 

The  deep  feeling  displayed  by  Lord  Holland  resembled 
filial  affection.  Miss  Fox,  Lord  Holland's  sister,  was  most 
affectionate  in  her  attentions.  His  early  friends.  Lord 
Robert  Spencer  and  General  Fitzpatrick,  endeavoured  to 
soothe  his  sufferings  and  cheer  his  spirits.   The  late  Duke 

18 


272  gillbat's  caricatubbs. 

of  DcvonsBire  was  his  constant  visitor,  and  wlien  cliange 
of  air  was  recommendod^  he  placed  his  noble  mansion  at 
Chiswick  at  Mr.  Fox's  disposal.  It  is  also  gratifying  to 
record,  npon  the  testimony  of  Mr.  Fox's  private  secretary, 
Mr.  Trotter,  that,  while  Mr.  Fox  remained  in  the  Duke  of 
Bedford's  house  in  Stable  Yard,  St.  James's,  the  Prince 
of  Wales  was  a  frequent  visitor,  and  displayed  the  utmost 
solicitude  for  the  health  of  his  old  friend. 

"  The  Prince  of  Wales,"  says  Mr.  Trotter,  "  at  this 
time  shewed  all  the  marks  of  a  feeling  heart,  and  of  great 
constancy  in  friendship,  more  honourable  to  him  than  the 
high  station  he  adorned.  Almost  every  day  he  called  and 
saw  Mr.  Fox.  There  was  no  afiectation  in  his  visits ;  the 
countenance,  full  of  good-natured  concern — the  manner, 
expressive  of  lively  interest — the  softened  voice — evinced 
that  not  all  the  splendour,  the  flattery  or  pleasures  of  a 
Court  had  changed  the  brightest  feature  in  the  human 
character, — attention  to  a  sick  and  drooping  friend." — 
Trotter's  Memoirs ^  p.  117.  It  would  be  superfluous  to 
record  other  names.  The  last  audible  words  of  the 
expiring  Statesman  were,  ''  I  die  happy." 


320. 

BRUIN  IN  HIS   BOAT;   OR,  THE  MANAGER  IN 
DISTRESS.  June  20th,  1806. 

WILBEBFOBCE.    LOBD  DEBBY.    LOBD  STANHOPE.    LORD  MELYILLI. 

WHITBBEAD.      LOBD   SJDMOUTH. 

Lord  Melville,  habited  as  a  Scottish  Thane,  is  standing 
on  the  Rock  of  Innocence;  he  is  discharging  two  cannons, 
one  inscribed  "Adam"  and  the  other  "Plomer"  (the 
names  of  his  Counsel) ;  with  these  he  shatters  to  pieces 
the  vessel  "  Impeachment."  Whitbread  is  thrown  out  of 
it  into  the  water,  and  is  swimming  to  save  his  life.  Fox, 
as  "  Bruin,"  is  in  his  boat,  standing  upon  the  "  Vanity 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  273 

Cooler;"  the  flag  '^Vanity''  is  floating  from  tlie  mast 
head^  the  Reports  of  the  Naval  Commissioners  are  inscribed 
on  the  sail.  Wilberforce,  Lord  Stanhope  and  Lord  Derby, 
as  birds  of  prey,  are  hovering  around.  The  "  Broad- 
Bottom  Goose  Cap"  is  seen,  with  Lord  Sidmouth's  head 
placed  in  it.  On  the  left  of  the  print,  at  the  top,  is 
a  balance,  inscribed  ^'Impartiality."  "Integrity"  has 
weighed  down  ''Defamation."  In  Lord  Melville's  per- 
spective is  "The  Rock  of  Honour,"  and  "Posterity." 


321. 
THE  FRIEND  OF  THE  PEOPLE  AND  HIS  PETTY 
NEW  TAX-GATHERER,  PAYING   JOHN  BULL 
A  VISIT.  May  28th,  1806. 

FOX.  LORD   H.    PETTY. 

Pox  and  Lord  Henry  Petty  are  knocking  at  John  Bull's 
door.  Lord  Henry  Petty  vociferates,  "  Taxes  I  Taxes  ! 
Taxes !"  Fox  is  pointing  to  a  schedule  of  New  Taxes  in 
Lord  Henry's  hands.  Over  John  Bull's  shop  is  inscribed 
"John  Bull,  late  Dealer  in  the  shop  below — ^Moved  up 
Stairs.  N.B.  Porterage  done ;  Shoes  cleaned."  A  bill 
is  stuck  on  the  shop — "  This  Shop  to  Let,  inquire  of  the 
Tax-Gatherer."  John  Bull,  popping  his  head  out  of  a 
first-floor  window,  cries,  "  Taxes,  taxes,  taxes  !  why,  how 
am  I  to  get  money  to  pay  them  all  ?  I  shall  very  soon 
have  neither  a  house  nor  hole  to  put  my  head  in!"  Fox 
replies,  "A  house  to  put  your  head  in!  why,  what  the 
devil  should  you  want  a  house  ?  havn't  you  got  a  first 
floor  room  to  live  in,  and  if  that  is  too  dear,  can't  you 
move  into  the  garret  or  get  into  the  cellar  ?  Taxes  must 
be  had,  Johnny.  Come,  down  with  your  cash,  it's  all  for 
the  good  of  your  dear  country  !"  On  the  right  of  the 
print  is  a  newly- erected  pump,  inscribed,  "  New  Brewery 
for  the  Benefit  of  the  Poor.  Erected  1806,  C.  J.  Volpone, 
Overseer."    Boys  arc  pumping  out  the  water,    A  broken 

18  * 


274  gillray's  caricatures. 

and  discarded  barrel  of '' Whitbread's  Entire"  is  lying  on 
the  ground.  On  the  left  of  the  print  is  a  barrel  of 
"  Home-brewed  Small  Beer.  Ten  shillings  a  barrel^ 
duty."     Behind  Pox  is  a  Broad-Bottom  Pop  Shop. 

This  print  is  intended  to  point  out  to  popular  indigna- 
tion the  oppressive  nature  of  the  new  taxes  imposed  by 
the  Broad-Bottomed  Ministers.  But  the  leading  featnre 
of  the  print,  Fox^s  reply  to  John  Bull's  complaintj  is  a 
most  just  and  happy  satire  on  a  passage  of  Fox^s  speech, 
on  the  new  10  per  cent,  property  duty.  After  urging 
that  some  allowance  was  made  to  annuitants,  Mr.  Fox 
said :  '^  According  to  the  extent  of  a  man's  income,  in 
many  different  situations,  he  might  have  it  in  his  power 
to  make  such  alterations  in  his  expenditure  as  that  the 
tax  might  not  entirely  crush  him ;  he  might  be  able  in 
some  measure  to  relieve  himself ;  if  he  lived  in  the  first 
floor,  for  instance,  he  might  remove  to  the  second,  and  so 
lessen  his  expenses :  if  he  was  on  the  second  floor  already, 
he  might  mount  to  the  attic  story :  but  where  a  man  was 
already  found  to  be  in  the  cellar,  where  could  ho  be  sent 
to,  what  resource  could  he  have  ?" — See  Hanawrd^s  De- 
hates.  May  \hth,  1806. 


322. 

SKETCH  FOR  A  MONUMENT  OP  DISAPPOINTED 
JUSTICE.  July  9/A,  1806. 

lord  sllenborough.      lord  sidmouth.      lord  grekvilli. 
lord  lauderdale.      lord  stanhope. 

Fiat  Justitia,  Ruat  Ccelum. 

The  Chief  Justice  of  England  (Lord  Ellenborongh)  holds 
the  balance.  With  the  Sword  ov  Justice  he  strikes  off 
the  froth  from  a  pot  of '' Whitbread's  Entire.''  Whitbread 
was  the  leading  manager  of  Lord  Melville's  Impeach- 
ment.     The  balance  is  inclined  by  the   "  Decision  of 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  275 

the  Peers,  the  Votes  of  the  Bishops,  the  Opinion  of  Eleven 
of  the  Judges  and  of  Lord  Eldon."  "Not  Guilty.^' 
Lord  Ellenboroagh  is  seated  on  the  ''  Broad-Bottom 
Cabinet,''  which  is  supported  by  Viscount  Sidmouth,  Lord 
Lauderdale  and  Earl  Stanhope.  The  label  of  "Viper 
Drops'*  is  seen  in  Lord  Sidmouth's  pocket,  Li  front  of 
Earl  Stanhope  is  "  The  Catameran  of  Justice,  to  blow  up 
all  Opposition  in  spite  of  wind  and  tide."  Lord  Lauder- 
dale is  dressed  as  a  Highlander,  his  bagpipes  are  by  his 
side,  his  feet  rest  on  "  Bbissot's  Pbinciples  of  Justice."* 
Lord  Lauderdale,  at  the  commencement  of  the  Beyolution, 
had  eulogized  Brissot.  Burke,  in  his  Letter  to  the  Duke 
of  Bedford,  speaks  of  "  Citizen  Brissot  and  his  friend  the 
Earl  of  Lauderdale." 

Ten  Articles  of  Impeachment  were  preferred  by  the 
Commons  against  Lord  Melville.  The  greatest  number 
of  Peers  who  voted  on  any  one  article  was  135,  viz.  on  the 
4th  article,  on  which  he  was  unanimously  acquitted.  On 
the  second  article,  81  pronounced  him  *'  not  guilty,"  and 
54  pronounced  him  "guilty" — majority  27.  Among  the 
peers  who  pronounced  him  guilty  on  the  second  article 
were  the  Lord  Chancellor  Erskine,  Lord  Chief  Justice 
EUenborough,  Lord  Sidmouth,  Privy  Seal,  Lord  Stanhope 
and  Lord  Lauderdale.  On  the  12th  of  June  the  Lord 
Chancellor  pronounced  the  judgment  of  the  House  of 
Peers.  The  Lord  Chancellor  said,  '^  Henry  Viscount 
Melville,  I  am  to  acquaint  your  Lordship,  that  you  are 

*  Bnrke,  in  his  preface  to  his  son's  translation  of  Brissot's  Address  to  his 
OonititaentB  in  1794,  sajs :  "  The  translator  of  the  following  work  brings 
forward  to  the  English  tribunal  of  opinion  the  testimony  of  a  witness  beyond 
all  exception.  His  competence  is  undoubted.  He  knows  eyery  thing  which 
ooDoems  this  Reyolntion  to  the  bottouL  He  is  a  chief  actor  in  all  the  scenes 
which  he  presents.  No  man  can  object  to  him  as  a  Royalist ;  the  Royal 
party  and  the  Christian  religion  never  had  a  more  determined  enemy.  In  a 
word.  It  is  Brissot.  It  is  Brissot,  the  Republican,  the  Jacobin,  and  the 
Philosopher,  who  is  brought  to  give  ao  account  of  Jacoblnifim,  of  Bepnb* 
Ucauiam  and  of  Philosophy." 


276  gillray's  cabicatubes. 

acquitted  of  the  Articles  of  Impeacliment  exhibited  against 
yoa  by  the  Commons  for  High  Crimes  and  Misdemeanors, 
and  of  all  things  contained  therein.**  Lord  Melville  stood 
whilst  the  Lord  Chancellor  addressed  him^  and  made  a  low 
bow  when  he  had  finished. — See  Howell's  State  Trials, 
Vol.  29. 

323. 

WESTMINSTER      CONSCRIPTS      UNDER      THE 
TRAINING  ACT.  Sept.  1st,  1806. 

LOBD   LAUDEBDALE    (the    Scottish   Dove).  NAPOLEON. 

TALLETBAND.  FOX.  LOBD  EBSKINE.  LOBD  ELLENBOBOUOH. 
LOBD  TEMPLE.  LOBD  H.  PETTT.  LOBD  MOIBA.  SHERIDAN. 
LOBD  GBEKVILLE.  LOBD  SIDMOUTH.  COLONEL  HANOEB. 
WINDHAM.         LOBD   HOWICK. 

The  satire  intended  to  be  conveyed  by  this  print  is  that 
the  Broad-Bottom  Ministers  were  willing  ''to  ground 
arms,"  or  in  other  words,  to  make  an  ignominious  peace 
with  the  enemy.  Buonaparte  is  the  Drill  Serjeant ;  he  is 
standing  on  a  pile  of  cannon  balls  with  a  drawn  sword  in 
his  hand,  and  has  given  the  word  of  command  to  ground 
arms.  Talleyrand  is  the  Constable  of  the  corps.  Fox  is 
brought  in  his  sick  chair  to  act  as  Drummer  to  the  con- 
scripts. 6.  R.  is  marked  on  his  drum.  The  Prince  of 
Wales*^  feathers  are  on  the  back  of  his  chair.  The  Flugel 
Man  is  Lord  Grenville,  who  has  already  given  the  signal 
to  the  conscripts.  Lord  Erskine,  ill  disciplined,  is  bowing 
and  presenting  his  musket  to  the  Constable  of  the  corps 
(Talleyrand).  Windham  is  Corporal.  Lord  EUenborough, 
Lord  Sidmouth,  Sheridan,  Colonel  Hanger,  &c.,  are 
grounding  arms,  but  the  gallant  Moira  is  awkward  in 
grounding  his  arms,  and  discharges  his  musket  in  the  air. 
Lord  Lauderdale,  the  Scottish  Dove,  is  bringing  an  olive 
branch  in  his  mouth,  and  the  "Terms  of  Peace'*  are 
carried  between  his  feet. 


POLITICAL   SERIG8. 


277 


The  circamstances  in  which  the  missions  of  Lord  Yar- 
mouth an^  Lord  Lauderdale  originated^  are  unexampled 
in  diplomatic  history.  A  few  days  after  Mr.  Fox  had 
entered  o£Bce^  he  received  a  letter  from  a  Frenchman,  who 
had  just  arrived  at  Gravesend,  requesting  him  to  forward 
a  passport  to  him,  as  he  had  something  to  communicate 
which  would  give  him  satisfaction.  Mr.  Fox  directed  a 
constable  to  be  sent  to  bring  him  in  custody  to  his  house 
in  Arlington  Street.  To  avoid  repetition  we  will  give  an 
extract  from  Mr.  Fox's  account  of  the  transaction  in  a 
letter  to  Talleyrand,  dated  Feb.  20th,  1806.  "  After  a 
short  and  unimportant  conversation,  the  villain  had  the 
audacity  to  tell  me,  that  it  was  necessary  for  the  tranquillity 
of  all  Crowned  Heads  to  put  to  death  the  Ruler  of  France, 
and  that  for  this  purpose  a  house  had  been  hired  at  Passy, 
from  which  this  detestable  project  could  be  carried  into 
effect  with  certainty  and  without  risk.''  Mr.  Fox  proceeds 
to  say,  at  first  he  did  him  the  honour  to  suppose  him  to 
be  a  spy,  and  intended  to  send  him  immediately  out  of  the 
country ;  but  on  reflection  he  determined  to  detain  him  for 
a  short  time  and  then  have  him  conveyed  to  Hamburgh, 
that  ample  time  might  be  given  to  the  French  Govern- 
ment to  defeat  the  conspiracy  if  it  really  existed.  He 
calls  himself  Guillet  de  la  Grevilliere,  but  I  think  it  a  false 
name.  Talleyrand  replied  on  the  5th  of  March,  "  I  have 
laid  your  Excellency's  letter  before  his  Majesty.  His 
first  words,  after  having  read  it,  were,  '  I  recognize  here 
the  principles  of  honour  and  virtue,  by  which  Mr.  Fox 
has  ever  been  actuated.  Thank  him  on  my  part.' " 
Talleyrand  adds,  *'  It  may  be  agreeable  to  you  to  receive 
news  from  this  country.  I  send  you  the  Emperor's 
speech  to  the  Legislative  Body.  ^  You  will  see  that  our 
wishes  are  still  for  peace." 

Mr.  Fox  considered  the  communication  of  the  Emperor's 
speech,  enclosed  in  Talleyrand's  letter,  an  overture  of 
peace^  and  resolved  not  to  sacrifice  this  paramount  object 


278  oillbat's  cabicatures. 

of  his  policy  to  unnecessary  etiquette  and  pedantic  punc- 
tilios.    He  hoped  the  spirit  of  conciliation  evinced  might 
be  esteemed  a  step  in  advance  towards  peace.    He  there- 
fore at  once  replied^  that  England  was  most  desirous  of 
peace ;  but  then  it  must  be  a  peace  honourable  to  both 
nations  and  their  allies^  any  other  would  only  be  a  hollow 
truce.    In  a  private  letter  to  Talleyrand  he  requested^  as  a 
personal  favour  to  himself^  the  release  of  Lord  Yarmouth^ 
who  was  one  of  tho  English  travellers  detained  prisoners 
in  France  since  the  commencement  of  the  war.     Lord 
Yarmouth  was  a  private  friend  of  the  Prince  of  Wales ; 
but  from  the  application^  Buonaparte  naturally  supposed 
he  was  a  private  friend  of  Fox^  who   enjoyed  his  con- 
fidence.    His  release  was  immediately  granted.     In  an 
interview  with  Lord  Yarmouth,  Talleyrand  intimated  to 
him  that  he  might  advantageously  act  as  the  agent  of  secret 
and  confidential  communications  between  the  two  Govern- 
ments.   He  hinted  that  Hanover  should  be  restored  to  the 
King  of  England^  and  that  France  would  forbear  the  pre- 
tensions to  Sicily,  which  she  had  lately  put  forward.    Lord 
Yarmouth  repaired  to  London,  and  communicated  the  con* 
versation  to  Mr.  Fox.     Lord  Yarmouth  shortly  returned 
to  Paris^  instructed  by  Fox  to  open  the  negotiation  on 
these  grounds^  and  directed  him  to  propose  that  England 
should  negotiate  in  conjunction  with  Russia.     Talleyrand 
objected  to  the  interposition  of  Russia  between  two  great 
Powers,  capable  of  adjusting  their  own  difierencea,  but 
added  as  the  negotiators  of  the  three  Powers  would  reside 
at  Paris,  the  object  of  Mr.  Fox  might  be  attained  by  pri- 
vate communications  with  each  other.      The  Emperor 
Alexander  specifically  directed  his  ambassador  D'Oubril 
not  to  sign  any  treaty  expept  with  a  complete  understand* 
iiig  with  England.    The  conferences  proceeded  &vourably 
for  some  time,  but  the  persuasive  arts  of  the  French 
Minister  held  out  advantages  to  Russia,  and  persuaded 
her  weak  minister  to  sign  a  sopurutc  treaty  of  peace  with 


POLITICAL  SERIES.  279 

FrancOj  in  direct  contravention  of  the  Emperor  Alexander's 
instructions.    The  demands  of  the  French  Government 
immediately  rose  ;    Talleyrand  declared  that  he   could 
no'  longer  negotiate  with  Lord  Yarmouth^   unless    he 
obtained  full  powers  from  his  Government.      These  were 
immediately  forwarded  by  Mr.  Fox,  accompanied  by  the 
most  distinct  and  peremptory  instructions  not  to  produce 
them,  unless  the  French  Minister  would  recur  to  the  ori- 
ginal overtures,  and  recognize  the  restoration  of  Hanover, 
and  the  abandonment  of  the  French  pretensions  to  Sicily 
as  a  preliminary  and  sine  qua  non  of  his  production  of  the 
full  powers  accredited  to  him.     Unfortunately,  influenced 
by  the  private  assurances  of  the  Russian  Minister,  that  the 
perseverance  in  his  refusal  to  produce  his  full  powers 
would  lead  to  the  immediate  rupture  of  the  negotiation. 
Lord  Yarmouth  yielded,  and  produced  them  to  the  French 
Minister.     Thus  Talleyrand  succeeded  in  persuading  both 
the  Bussian  and  English  Ambassadors  to  violate  their 
most  clear,  plain  and   peremptory  instructions.      The 
French  General  Clarke  was  appointed  to  negotiate  with 
Lord  Yarmouth. 

The  French  Minister  now  assumed  a  much  higher  tone, 
and  urged  that  the  restoration  of  Hauover  for  the  honour 
of  the  British  Crown,  Malta  for  the  glory  of  the  Navy, 
and  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  for  the  advantage  of  British 
Commerce,  ought  to  be  sufficient  inducements  to  England 
to  conclude  a  peace.  Lord  Yarmouth's  dispatch,  an- 
nouncing the  production  of  his  full  powers,  astounded  the 
British  Cabinet.  '*  The  necessity  of  some  other  negotiator 
was  immediately  felt,  and  the  important  charge  was 
entrusted  to  Lord  Lauderdale,  a  nobleman  whose  discern- 
ment and  talents  eminently  qualified  him  for  the  task,  and 
whose  uniform  disposition  to  a  pacific  system  of  policy 
was  a  strong  earnest  of  the  sincerity  of  the  British  Cabinet 
in  their  endeavouns  to  obtain  peace.  The  health  of  Mr, 
Fox  began  at  this  period  to  decline,  and  the  nomination  of 


280  gillray's  caricatures. 

his  'personal  friend^  and  tried  political  adherent,  was  a 
pledge  that  the  Cabinet  continued  to  promote  his  views, 
and  to  consult  the  spirit  of  his  policy/'*  Lord  Lauder- 
dale arrived  at  Paris  on  the  5th  of  August,  and  had  an 
interview  with  General  Clarke.  As  the  English  Gbvem- 
ment  had  given  a  coadjutor  to  Lord  Yarmouth,  the  French 
Government  appointed  Champagny,  the  Minister  of  the 
Literior,  to  co-operate  with  General  Clarke, 

The  illness  of  Mr.  Fox  was  most  calamitous,  and  his 
death  seems  to  have  terminated  all  hopes  of  peace.  Lord 
Grenville  was  then  nut  only  nominally,  but  decidedly 
Prime  Minister.  Buonaparte  might  recollect  the  haughty 
dispatches  which  Lord  Grenville,  when  Secretary  of  State, 
had  addressed  to  the  Directory  and  to  his  own  Govern- 
ment. Lord  Lauderdale  is  allowed  to  have  conducted  the 
negotiation  with  great  ability,  but  he  could  never  regain 
the  lost  ground.  The  spirit  of  conciliation  had  departed 
from  the  French  Councils,  their  increasing  demands  neces- 
sarily led  to  the  termination  of  the  negotiations.  Whether 
peace  might  have  been  attained  if  Mr.  Fox  had  lived  it  is 
of  course  impossible  to  say,  but  all  hope  of  it  seems  to 
have  terminated  with  his  life.  We  feel  confident  impar- 
tial history  will  not  attribute  the  &ilure  to  the  English 
Government. 

324. 
NEWS      FROM      CALABRIA!       CAPTURE      OP 
BUENOS    ATRES  !  Sept.  13<A,  1806. 

JOSEPHINE.  NAPOLEON.  TALLEYRAND. 

On  the  dismay  of  Napoleon  on  his  defeat  at  Maida,  the 
capture  of  Buenos  Ayres  by  the  English,  and  the 
symptoms  of  a  general  rising  against  him  among  the 
continental  states. 

*  We  have  qnoted  this  passage  from  the  Annual  Register  for  1806.  We 
haTe  reason  to  know  that  the  history  of  this  negotiation  was  revised,  or 
rather  written  for  it  by  Lord  Grenville. 


POLITICAL  SERIES.  281 


325. 

TRIUMPHAL  PROCESSION   OP   LITTLE  PAULL 
THE  TAILOR  UPON  HIS  NEW  GOOSE. 

Nov.  6th,  1806. 

BOSYILLB.  HOBNE  TOOKE.  PAULL.  SIB  F.  BUBDETT. 

COBBETT. 

The  scene  is  Covent  Garden  during  the  Westminster 
Election  of  November,  1806. 

Bosville  is  distributing  money  among  the  mob  to  cry 
out  *'  Paull  for  ever  !''  "  There's  a  penny  a-piece  for  you, 
lads  !  and  now  hollo  out '  Paull  for  ever,'  and  then  1*11  give 
each  of  you  a  ride  in  my  coach  and  four  !  Hollo,  Boys  !  I" 
Home  Tooke  is  '*  An  old  Monk  from  Brentford,  leading 
poor  Goose  in  a  string/'  Burdett  is  the  Goose,  and  Paull 
is  mounted  upon  the  Goose's  back ;  in  his  right  hand  is 
an  open  pair  of  shears,  exhibiting  '*  True  Perth  Cucum- 
bers /'  in  his  left  hand  is  a  measure ;  under  him  is  **  India 
Cabbage  :"  '*  Patterns  for  the  new  Parliament  Dress :" 
''  Superfine  Cloth  :"  and  an  inscription,  "  Goose  upon 
Goose."  '*  The  Triumphal  Procession  of  Little  Paull  the 
Taylor  upon  his  New  Goose"  advances  slowly.  "  Porcu- 
pine (Cobbett)  is  dirtying  his  boots  in  attempting  to  give 
poor  Gx)ose  a  shove  out  of  the  kennel."  Cobbett  is  a 
newsman,  lustily  blowing  a  horn  and  roaring  out,  ''  Glo- 
rious news !  Paull  for  ever  !  Damnation  to  the  Whigs  !" 
In  his  left  hand  is  "  Cobbett's  Political  Register."  A  card 
with  "  Independence  and  Public  Justice"  is  stuck  in  his 
hat.  In  his  pocket  are  ''  Speeches  for  Paull,  Goose,"  &c. 
"  Ballad-singers  at  bs  per  day"  close  the  procession.  The 
card  of  ''  Independence  and  Public  Justice"  in  Cobbett's 
hat  alludes  to  the  investigation  he  had  proposed  into  the 
conduct  of  the  Marquis  of  Wellesley  in  India,  and  the 
Articles  of  Impeachment  he  had  exhibited  against  him. 


282  qillbat's  caricatures. 

326. 
THE   HIGH    FLYING   CANDIDATE    {i.e.  LITTLE 
PAULL  GOOSE)   MOUNTING  FROM   A  BLAN- 
KET. Nov.  nth,  1806. 

SIR  SAHXTEL  HOOD.         PAULL.         MONUKENT  OF  FOX  IN  COYSKT 
GARDEN  CHURCH  YARD.  SHERIDAN. 

The  scene  is  the  front  of  the  hustings  before  Covent 
Garden  Church,  at  the  conclusion  of  the  Westminster 
Election,  November,  1806.  Sir  Samuel  Hood  and  She- 
ridan, the  successful  candidates,  are  tossing  Paull  in  the 
Coalition  Blanket  into  the  air,  his  shears  and  his  hat  are 
flying  up  with  him.  His  '*  Cucumbers*'  and  his  "  cabbage'* 
are  about  to  follow.  Behind  Sir  Samuel  Hood  are  banners 
inscribed  ''  Navy  and  Volunteers,''  *'  Hood  and  Sheridan 
for  ever."  In  Sheridan's  pocket  is  seen  "  The  Devil 
among  the  Taylors."  Behind  Sheridan  is  a  man  holding 
a  banner,  inscribed  "  Sheridan  and  Hood,  Volunteers  and 
the  Navy,"  and  vociferating  '*  Sherry  and  Hood  for  Ever." 
Another  calls  out  *'  No  Stitchlouse."  A  monument  is 
seen,  inscribed,  ''  Sacred  to  the  memory  of  poor  Charley, 
late  Member  for  the  City  of  Westminster.  We  ne'er 
shall  see  his  like  again."  Fox's  head  is  placed  upon  the 
monument;  from  his  mouth  issues  the  exclamation,  ''O 
Tempera,  O  Mores." 

327. 
POSTING   TO   THE   ELECTION.     A   SCENE    ON 
THE  ROAD  TO  BRENTFORD.    Nov.  1806. 

Bee.  Ut,  1806. 

LORD  ORENVILLS.  SHERIDAN.  SIR  SAMUEL  HOOD.  HELLISH. 
MARQUIS  OF  BUCKINGHAM.  LORD  TEMPLE.  LORD  CASTLB- 
REACH.  PAULL.  BTNG.  HEAD  OF  FOX.  NAPOLEON.  BIB 
F.  BURDETT.      HORNE  TOOKE.      BOSVILLE.      COBBETT. 

The  Candidates  for  Middlesex  in  November  1806,  were 
Byng,  Sir  Francis  Burdett,  and  Mellish.     They  and  their 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  283 

friends  are  posting  to  the  hustings.  Sheridan  and  Sir 
Samuel  Hood  are  riding  on  one  horse  (intimating  their 
coalition  at  the  late  Westminster  election).  Sheridan  is 
"waving  his  hat  and  hurrahing ; — ''  Hood  for  ever/'  still 
remains  in  his  hat.  In  his  pocket  is  ''  Neck  or  Nothing, 
a  new  Coalition.''  On  the  horse's  side  is  hanging,  ^'  Sub- 
scription of  Malt  and  Hops  from  the  Whitbread  brewery." 
Sir  Samuel  Hood  is  waving  his  hat ;  the  card,  "  Sheri- 
dan for  ever,"  is  still  in  it.  Their  horse,  kicking  up 
behind,  overthrows  PauU,  who  is  riding  upon  an  ass ; 
his  shears  and  '^  Impeachment"  drop  from  his  hands. 
Mellish  is  proceeding  in  a  coach  drawn  by  four  horses ; 
Lord  Grenville,  mounted  on  the  box,  is  driving;  the 
Marquis  of  Buckingham,  Lord  Temple,  and  Lord  Castle- 
reagh  are  standing  up  behind.  ''  The  State  of  the  Poll," 
and  ''Independence,"  are  upon  the  upper  panels,  and 
on  the  lower  are  "  Rule  Britannia,  and  the  Bank  of 
England  for  ever,"  and  ''  Integrity  and  Independence ;" — 
affixed  to  the  carriage  is  a  banner  inscribed  "  Loyalty  and 
Independence  for  ever."  Byng  is  in  another  carriage,  a 
bust  of  Fox  upon  a  pole  is  in  front  of  the  carriage,  with 
an  inscription  under  it,  ''  The  Good  old  Whig  Block ;" 
on  an  upper  panel  is  "  The  good  old  Whig  Interest  for 
ever."  ''Old  Wigs  for  ever"  is  on  the  coach  door. 
Burdett  is  riding  in  front  of  a  cart,  he  is  waving  his  hat, 
and  calling  out  "  Liberty  for  ever."  "  The  Life  of  Oliver 
Cromwell"  is  seen  in  his  pocket.  Home  Tooke  and  Bos- 
yille  are  riding  in  the  cart.  Home  Tooke  holds  up  a 
banner,  inscribed  "  Liberty  and  Equality,  no  Placemen  in 
Parliament,  no  Property  Tax,  no  Bastilles,  Liberty  for 
ever !"  Paine's  "  flights  of  Man"  are  seen  in  Bosville's 
pocket.  On  the  side  of  the  cart  is  inscribed  "  No  Taxed 
Carts,  Burdett  for  ever."  Buonaparte  is  the  postillion ; 
insinuating  that  Burdett  was  friendly  to  the  revolutionary 
principles  of  France,  and  wished  to  introduce  them  here. 
Cobbett  is  employed  by  Burdett  as  a  drummer,  his 
drumsticks  are  his  "  Political  Begister,"  and  inflammatory 


284  oillray's  caricatures. 

letters.  A  great  crowd  follows — "  Orator  Broad  Face, 
Swallow  Street/'  holding  up  a  pot  of  porter,  is  conspi- 
cuous. 

328. 

THE     FUNERAL     PROCESSION      OF     BROAD- 
BOTTOM.  April  6th,  1807. 

LORD   LAUDRRDALE.        LORD  MOIRA.  LORD   ELLENBOROUGH. 

SHERIDAN.  THE  BODT  OF  LORD  ORENYILLE  IN  A  HEARSE. 

LORD   HOWIOE.  MARQUIS   OF   BUCKINGHAM.         THE   POPE. 

LORD  NUGENT.  LORD   8IDM0UTH.  LORD   ST.    VINCENT. 

WINDHAM.  LORD    H.    PETTY. 

On  the  dismissal  of  the  Grenville  ministry,  in  March, 
1807,  in  consequence  of  their  proposing  to  the  King  the 
admission  of  the  Catholics  to  all  rauks  in  the  army  and 
navy,  the  body  of  Lord  Grenville  is  placed  in  a  hearse. 
''  Gul.  Baro.  de  Broad-Bottom  obiit  die  Martis  24®.  A.D. 
1807."  The  mourners  following  the  corpse  are  Lord 
'  Moira,  Lord  Ellenborough,  Sheridan,  Lord  Temple 
*'  shedding  tears  from  Hedge  Land.''  The  Marquis  of 
Buckingham,  habited  as  a  Catholic  priest,  a  crucifix  is 
hanging  from  his  ribbon,  and  his  train  is  held  up  by 
Lord  Howick.  Lord  Sidmouth,  Lord  St.  Vincent,  and 
Windham,  are  the  pall-bearers.  The  Tories  had  raised 
the  cry  of  "  No  Popery,''  and  the  Pope  is  introduced  in 
the  procession  prepared  to  oflSciate  at  the  interment. 
Lord  Henry  Petty  dressed  as  a  Catholic  priest,  is 
preceding  the  hearse,  his  left  hand  bears  a  lighted  torch, 
his  bell  has  dropped  from  his  right  hand.  The  hearse 
is  advancing  towards  a  church,  but  the  hands  of  a  clergy- 
man are  extended  to  refuse  sepulture  in  it.  He  says, 
''  No  burial  here  for  a  Broad-Bottom ;  he  died  a  Roman ; 
besides,  'tis  &  felo-de-se*  case ;  take  him  to  the  next  four 

*  Mr.  Sheridan  complained  strongly  of  the  follj  of  Ministers  in  furnishing 
the  King  with  sach  a  popular  pretext  for  their  dismu«al.  "  He  had  often/' 
he  said,  "  heard  of  people  knocking  out  their  brains  against  a  wall,  but  nerer 
before  knew  of  any  one  building  a  wall  expressly  for  the  purpoae.*' 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  285 

cross-roads;    and  the  family  has  a  large  stake  always 
ready/'* 

329. 

VIEW  OP  THE  HUSTINGS  IN  COVENT  GAR- 
DEN.  Vide  THE  WESTMINSTER  ELECTION. 
November,  1806.  December  13th,  1806. 

BIB  SAMUEL  HOOD.  WHITBBEAD.  SHERIDAN.  PETER  MOORS. 
DUKE  OF  NORTHUMBERLAND.  PAULL.  COBBETT.  SIB  F. 
BUBDETT.  BOSVILLE. 

This  is  one  of  Gillray's  happiest  conceptions.  On  the 
extreme  right  of  the  print  stand  Col.  Bosville,  Sir  Francis 
Bardett,  Cobbettand  a  host  of  his  ultra-liberal  supporters, 
with  cards  in  their  hats  bearing  Paull's  name.  Paull  is  ad- 
dressing the  mob,  and  pointing  to  Sheridan,  designates 
him  "  The  sunk,  the  lost,  the  degraded  Treasurer.''  A 
ferocious  dog,  whose  collar  is  inscribed  '^  Peter  Moore,'*  is 
endeavouring  to  bite  Paull.  The  Duke  of  Northumber- 
land is  looking  askance  at  Paull,  and  has  a  card,  inscribed 
'*  Notability,"  in  his  hat.  Sheridan  is  in  the  centre,  sur- 
rounded by  a  phalanx  of  distinguished  Whigs,  bearing  his 
cards  in  their  hats.  Whitbread  is  consoling  Sheridan  with 
"  a  Pot  of  Whitbread's  new  Loyal  Porter."  He  has 
''  Hood  and  Sheridan"  in  his  hat,  to  intimate  that  these 
two  candidates  had  united  their  interests.  Sir  Samuel 
Hood,  drest  in  his  naval  uniform,  stands  on  the  right  of 
Sheridan ;  it  is  seen  that  he  has  lost  his  left  arm  in  the 
service  of  his  country. 

A  tumultuous  mob  is  assembled  in  the  front  of  the 
hustings.  Some  in  front  of  Paull  are  roaring  out  "  Paull 
and  Plumpers :"  ^'  Paull  and  Independence."  One  carries 
a  cabbage  on  the  top  of  a  pole,  and  cries  out ''  No  Cab- 
baging Candidate."     Others,  '^No  Stitching  Representa- 

*  For  an  explanation  of  this  expression,  see  page  207. 


286  qillriy's  caricatures. 

tive/'  Shears  are  upheld,  and  ''  No  Paull  Gtoose'*  vocife- 
rated. But  the  grand  attack  is  on  Sheridan.  ''  No  Har- 
lequin Turncoat :"  ^'  No  Stage  Tricks  :'^  ''  No  Vagabond 
Representative:^'  ''Pay  your  debts,  Mr.  Treasurer:*' 
''Where's  my  Renter's  Share?"  &o.  A  few  cry  out, 
"  Sherry  and  liberty."  Some  of  the  mob  assembled  before 
Sir  Samuel  Hood  cry  out  "  Hood  for  ever  :"  others,  *'  No 
two  Faces  under  one  Hood :"  "  No  Picton,"  &c. 

Never  had  Sheridan,  during  the  course  of  his  political  life, 
experienced  so  bitter  a  mortification,  so  severe  a  humilia- 
tion, as  at  the  Westminster  Election  in  November,  1806, 
On  the  death  of  Fox  he  had  flattered  himself  that  his  own 
popularity  would  point  him  out  as  the  natural  successor  of 
his  illustrious  friend.  He  reckoned  on  the  popular  favour, 
he  had  reason  to  expect  the  Government  support,  and  he 
was  sure  of  the  Prince  of  Wales's  interest.  He  received 
an  unexpected  disappointment.  The  Duke  of  Northum- 
berland put  forward  his  eldest  son.  Lord  Percy.  Lord 
Grenville  did  not  feel  himself  sufficiently  strong  to  offend 
the  irritable  Duke,  who  commanded  eight  or  nine  votes  in 
the  House  of  Commons.  Sheridan  declined  the  contest, 
and  retreated  with  tolerable  grace ;  he  could  not  be  ex- 
pected to  oppose  the  long  purse  of  the  Duke  of  Northum- 
berland, and  the  influence  of  Government  united. 

But  at  the  general  election  in  November,  1806,  Lord 
Percy  stood  for  the  county  of  Northumberland ;  West- 
minster was  then  open  to  Sheridan.  Paull,  who  had  lately 
displayed  considerable  talent  in  the  House  of  Commons 
announced  himself  as  a  candidate,  and  he  was  most  ener- 
getically supported  by  all  the  XJltra-Liberal  politicians. 
To  render  this  print  intelligible,  it  may  be  necessary  to 
state  that  Paull  was  the  son  of  a  respectable  tailor,  who  had 
procured  for  him  an  appointment  in  India.  Paull  liad 
made  himself  master  of  the  modem  political  history  of 
India,  and  having  realized  a  moderate  fortune,  returned 
home  and  obtained  a  seat  in  the  House  of  Commons.     He 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  287 

then  brought  a  series  of  charges  against  the  Marquis  of 
Welleslej^  preparatory  to  moving  an  impeachment  of  him. 
In  sustaining  these  he  received  some  able  support,  and 
among  others  from  Windham. 

Among  the  most  prominent  supporters  of  Paull  at  this 
election  for  Westminster  were  OoL  Bosville,  Sir  Francis 
Burdett  and  Cobbett.  It  is  unnecessary  to  speak  of  the 
two  latter ;  but  Col.  Bosville  is  not  so  generally  known  to 
readers  of  the  present  day.  Wm.  Bosville,  Esq.  of  Gun- 
thwaite  in  Yorkshire,  was  a  gentleman  of  large  property. 
He  was  a  very  eccentric  character.  He  was  uncle  to  Sir 
John  Sinclair,  whose  son,  in  the  Life  of  his  &ther,  has 
thus  described  him.  ''  My  grand-uncle's  exterior  con- 
sisted of  a  single-breasted  coat,  powdered  hair  and  queue, 
and  other  paraphernalia  of  a  courtier  in  the  reign  of 
George  II. ;  but  within  this  courtly  garb  was  enclosed  one 
of  the  most  ultra-liberal  spirits  of  the  time.  He  assembled 
every  day  at  his  house  in  Welbeck  Street  a  party  of  con- 
genial souls,  never  exceeding  the  number  of  twelve ;  not 
receiving  the  important  summons  to  dinner  a  single  mo- 
ment after  five  o^clock.  A  slate  was  kept  in  the  hall,  on 
which  any  intimate  friend  might  inscribe  his  name. 
Among  the  persons  thus  privileged,  I  may  mention,  besides 
&mily  connections.  Sir  Francis  Burdett,  Home  Tooke, 
'  Parson  Este,'  Major  James,  Baron  Dimsdale,  Lord  Ox- 
ford'and  Mr.  Clifford,  the  barrister  of  0.  P.  celebrity. 
Among  Mr.  Bosville's  Liberal  friends  was  the  noted  author 
of  the  Political  Register.  While  Cobbett  was  in  Newgate, 
my  grand-uncle  went  in  state,  with  four  horses  to  his  car- 
riage, to  visit  the  prisoner,*  and  afterwards  presented  him 
with  a  thousand  pounds  in  token  of  sympathy,  as  he 
termed  it,  with  the  persecuted  sufferer.'* — See  Rev.  John 
Sinclair's  Life  of  Sir  John  Sinclair,  vol.  1.) 

*  Baron  Maseres,  who  was  a  Cnrsitor  Baron  of  the  Exchequer,  alwaja 
^ited  Ck>bbett  daring  his  imprisonment,  in  full  dress,  with  his  Judge's  gown 
and  wig,  lest  he  should  be  supposed  to  pay  his  visit  secretly. 

19 


288  oillrat's  caricatubbs. 

No  sooner  did  Sheridan  appear  on  tlie  hustings  than  he 
was  assailed  by  the  most  hideous  yells  and  vollies  of  abuse; 
these  he  could  have  endured^  and  was  no  doubt  prepared 
to  encounter.  He  had  hoped  by  his  playful  wit,  his  sar- 
casms and  his  jokes,  to  keep  the  mob  in  good  humour ; 
but  there  was  one  man  in  the  crowd  who  fairly  beat  him, 
and  compelled  him  to  retire.  It  was  in  vain  that  Sheridan 
called  him  ''  the  broad-faced  orator  in  the  green  coat/' 
assailed  him  with  the  keenest  wit,  held  him  up  to  ridicule, 
or  denounced  him  as  a  hireling  ruffian ;  he  was  impene- 
trable, and  seemed  rather  invigorated  by  the  attack  and  to 
enjoy  the  fun.  A  comedy  had  lately  appeared  at  Covent 
Garden,  in  which  a  dandy  rov£  was  repeatedly  quizzed  by 
a  companion  pointing  to  his  clothes,  and  the  ornaments  on 
his  person,  and  asking  the  annoying  question,  ''Who 
suffers  ?"  The  man  alluded  to  constantly  played  off  this 
artillery  upon  Sheridan.  "  Sheridan,  I  see  you  have  got 
a  new  coat ;  who  suffers  ?  Sheridan,  who  suffers  for  that 
new  hat  V^  and  in  this  strain  he  kept  up  an  incessant 
brawling.  Sheridan,  conscious  of  his  pecuniary  irregu- 
larities, could  not  endure  this  public  exposure  before  the 
eminent  Whigs  by  whom  he  was  surrounded.  He  was 
completely  cowed,  his  proud  spirit  gave  way,  and  it  was 
announced  that  he  was  taken  ill,  and  his  son,  Tom  Sheri- 
dan, attended  and  spoke  for  him.  He  gained  the  election, 
but  the  speeches  at  the  hustings,  and  the  pen  of  Gobbett, 
had  inflicted  a  wound,  which  rankled  in  his  breast.  He 
felt 

"  Padet  hac  opprobria  nobis, 
Et  did  potniase,  et  noo  potniue  refelli/' 

330. 
A  PLUMPER   FOR   PAULL !    OR,    THE  LITTLE 
TAILOR  DONE   OVER.  Ifay  IZth,  1807. 

CUFFOBD.         FACLL.         SHERIDAN.         SIB  FSAMCIS  BUBDITT. 
BOBVILLS.        HOBMX  TOOKB.        COBBETT. 

The  Speaker  has  blown  off  the  table  Paull's  "  Petitioo 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  289 

against  Sheridan  for  Bribery  and  Corruption  at  the  West- 
minster Election,  and  in  its  fall  it  overthrows  Paull,  who 
is  lying  on  the  floor ;  his  measnre,  his  shears^  and  his 
''  Impeachment  of  the  Marquis  of  Wellesley,'' have  dropped 
from  his  hands.  Clifford's  brief,  "Paull  versus  Sheridan," 
the  list  of  witnesses,  ^'  Conkey  Beau,  Bill  Soames,  Drake, 
and  Hart  the  Informer,'^  lie  scattered  around.  Burdett  is 
depicts  as  ''  The  Green  Goose  from  Brentford.'*  Bosville 
is  holding  up  his  hands  in  despair,  the  "  Expenses  of  the 
Election''  are  seen  in  his  pocket ;  he  is  going  out  of  the 
House  accompanied  by  Home  Tooke.  Cobbett  holds  up 
his  *'  Political  Register,"  and  points  to  the  ''  Attack  upon 
Sheridan." 


831. 

PATRIOTS  DECIDING  A  POINT  OP  HONOUR! 
OR,  AN  EXACT  REPRESENTATION  OP  THE 
CELEBRATED  RENCONTRE  WHICH  TOOK 
PLACE  AT  COMBE  WOOD,  ON  MAY  2nd,  1807, 
BETWEEN  LITTLE  PAULL  THE  TAILOR, 
AND  SIR  FRANCIS  GOOSE.  May  Uh,  1807. 

BELLENDEN   KERB.  SIB   F.    BURDETT.  PAULL.  COOPER. 

Upon  the  duel  between  Burdett  and  Paull,  arising  out 
of  the  affairs  of  the  disputed  Westminster  election.  Sir 
Francis  Burdett,  depicted  as  a  goose,  exclaims  *'  What, 
must  I  be  out !  and  a  tailor  get  into  Parliament !  !'* 
"  You're  a  liar  !  I  never  said  that  I  would  sit  as  Chair- 
man at  your  shopboard  !  !  V^  Paull  replies,  "  A  liar !  Sir, 
Fm  a  tailor  and  a  gentleman,  and  I  must  have  satisfac- 
tion V*  Burdett's  second,  Mr.  Bellenden  Kerr,  is  stand- 
ing behind  him  with  a  brace  of  pistols  under  his  right  arm ; 
Cooper,  PaulFs  second,  looking  very  like  Jemmy  Jumps, 
is  standing  behind  Paull  with  a  brace  of  pistols  under  his 
left  arm.     A  post-chaise  and  four  is  at  a  little  distance. 

19  * 


290  gillrat's  caricatures. 

The  postillion  has  got  up  into  a  tree  to  witness  the  duel. 
Paulas  wounded  leg  is  raised  up^  his  shears  and  his  mea- 
sure are  between  his  legs.  On  the  ground  in  the  front  of 
Paull  lie  "  Sir  Francis  Goose's  Letter  to  the  Electors  at  the 
Crown  and  Anchor/'  and  "  Mr.  Paull's  Advertisement/' 
By  his  side  lie  scattered  '^  Cobbett's  Character  of  Paull  the 
Tailor;"  "Dangers  of  indulging  Political  Envy,  by  Sir 
Francis  Goose  /'  and  a  basket  containing  papers  labelled 
"  Westminster  Election,  Paull." 

When  the  King  had  dismissed  the  Grenville  Ministry, 
and  formed  another  Administration  imder  the  Duke  of 
Portland,  Perceval  was  induced  to  relinquish  his  profession, 
and  accept  the  Chancellorship  of  the  Exchequer,  upon 
being  appointed  Chancellor  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster  for 
life.  Besolutions  were  immediately  moved  and  carried  in 
the  House  of  Commons,  declaring  this  appointment  an 
illegal  encroachment  on  the  rights  of  his  Majesty's  suc- 
cessor. The  appointment  was  accordingly  annulled,  and  a 
new  one  made  out,  restricting  the  appointment  to  the 
King's  life.  The  new  Ministers,  however,  perceived  that 
their  opponents  would  be  too  powerful  in  the  House  of 
Commons,  and  resolved  on  a  dissolution.  They  trusted 
that  "  The  Name  of  the  King,"  and  the  cry  of  ''  No 
Popery"  would  be  "Towers  of  Strength"  to  them  in  the 
new  elections,  and  they  did  not  miscalculate.  The  can- 
didates for  Westminster  were  Sir  Samuel  Hood,  Sheridan 
and  Paull.  The  latter  was  not  dispirited  by  his  recent 
defeat ;  he  flattered  himself  he  should  be  able  to  beat 
Sheridan  now,  no  longer  supported  by  the  Government 
interest. 

Mr.  Paull  advertised  a  dinner  to  take  place  at  the  Crown 
and  Anchor  tavern  on  the  1st  of  May, —  Sir  Francis 
Burdett  in  the  chair.  A  large  meeting  assembled,  but  the 
Hon.  Baronet  did  not  attend ;  it  was  stated  by  Mr.  Jones 
Burdett  that  his  brother.  Sir  Francis,  had  not  given  any 
promise  to  preside,  and  was  surprised  to  find  his  name 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  291 

advertised  without  his  sanction.  Mr.  Paull  explained  to 
the  meeting  that  he  might  have  misunderstood  Sir  Francises 
meanings  who,  though  willing  to  propose  him  for  West- 
minster at  the  hustings,  it  seems  had  not  understood  that 
he  was  to  take  the  chair  at  this  meeting. 

Sir  Francis  Burdett,  had  addressed  a  letter  to  Mr.  Paull 
on  the  29th  of  April,  stating  that  the  advertisement  had 
excited  his  surprise  and  displeasure.  ^'  I  must  say,  to  have 
mj  name  advertised  for  such  meetings  is  like  '  Such  a 
day  is  to  be  seen  the  great  Katterfelto,'  and  this  without 
my  previous  consent,  or  application  to  me.  From  any  one 
else  I  should  regard  it  as  an  insult.  I  yielded  to  your 
desire  that  I  should  nominate  you,  although  I  should  much 
rather  avoid  even  that ;  but  as  I  highly  approve  your  con- 
duct, I  do  not  object  to  that  one  act,  as  a  public  testimony 
of  such  approbation,  but  to  that  single  point  I  must  con- 
fine myself.^'  After  the  receipt  of  this  letter  it  was  cer- 
tainly disingenuous  in  PauU  not  to  substitute  the  name  of 
another  person  as  chairman;  and  the  intervention  of  two 
days  allowed  sufficient  time  for  the  purpose.  When  the 
dinner-party  broke  up,  Mr.  Paull  waited  on  Sir  Francis 
Burdett ;  a  warm  altercation  ensued,  and  a  hostile  meet- 
ing was  arranged  for  10  o*clock  the  next  morning  at 
Coombe  Wood,  near  Wimbledon  Common.  Sir  Francis 
Burdett  was  attended  by  Mr.  Bellenden  Kerr*  as  his 
second,  and  Mr.  Paull  by  a  Mr.  Cooper.  Mr.  Bellenden 
Kerr  advanced  to  Mr.  Cooper,  and  told  him  that  he  had 
applied  to  his  friends  at  the  Horse  Guards,  and  to  Mr. 
Manton,  but  had  not  been  able  to  procure  proper  pistols 
on  the  sudden  emergency,  and  he  was  fearful  of  exciting 
suspicion  by  extending  his  inquiry.     He  therefore  *'  ex- 

*  Mr.  Bellenden  Kerr  was  one  of  the  clainiants  of  the  Roxbnrghe  Peerage. 
He  had  changed  his  name,  which  had  originallj  been  Gawler.  He  was  the 
Captain  Gawler  of  the  Horse  Guards,  who  had  been  dismissed  from  the  army 
in  1792,  at  the  same  time  as  Lord  Edward  Fitzgerald,  for  drinking  seditions 
toasts  at  a  public  meeting  of  the  English  at  Paris,  to  celebrate  the  French 
Berolntion. 


292  gillray's  caricatubxs. 

pected  that  he  would  consent  as  well  as  Mr.  Panll,  that  we 
should  use  one  of  theirs ;  to  this  they  both  agreed.  Mr. 
Cooper  told  me  that  he  did  not  know  how  to  load  the 
pistols ;  I  shewed  him  how^  and  directed  him  to  load  Bur- 
dett's,  while  I  loaded  Mr.  Paull's.  I  then  asked  him  what 
distance  he  proposed  for  them  to  stand  at;  he  said  he 
knew  nothing  about  the  matter^  and  left  it  to  me.  I  mea- 
sured out  twelve  paces^  and  placed  the  principals  at  the 
extreme  of  the  space ;  I  then  directed  him  to  give  Sir 
Francis  a  pistol^  and  I  presented  another  to  Mr.  PauU." 
A  case  of  pistols  was  discharged  without  effect.  Mr.  Bel- 
lenden  Kerr  then  advanced^  and  asked  Mr.  Paull  if  he  was 
satisfied ;  he  replied,  "  No,  not  without  an  apology.''  The 
pistols  were  loaded  a  second  time,  and  Mr.  Cooper  was  to 
give  the  command  to  fire,  but  he  retreated  to  such  a  dis- 
tance that  Sir  Francis  called  out  he  could  not  see  him. 
Mr.  Bellenden  Kerr  then  gave  the  command  to  fire ;  Bur- 
dett  was  wounded  in  the  thigh,  and  Mr.  Paull  in  the  top 
of  the  leg.  The  wounded  parties  returned  to  town  toge- 
ther in  Mr.  PauU's  postchaise.  Mr.  Kerr  proposed  to 
Mr.  Cooper  to  draw  up  conjointly  and  sign  an  official 
statement  of  the  duel.  Mr.  Cooper  refused.  Mr.  Kerr 
requested  his  address,  this  he  also  refused;  he  then 
asked  what  was  his  situation  in  life  ?  this  was  also  refused ; 
and  Mr.  Kerr  in  his  published  statement  says,  "  I  do  not 
know  who  or  what  he  is  to  this  day.'' 


332. 

JOHN    BULL    AND    THE    SINKING    FUND:— A 

PETTY  SCHEME  FOR  REDUCING  THE 
TAXES,  AND  PAYING  OFF  THE  NATIONAL 
DEBT !  February  29th,  1807. 

LORD  ERSKINE.    DUKE  OF  NORFOLK.    BTNQ.     LORD  LAUDEBDALI. 
LORD  MOIRA.      SHERIDAN.      WINDHAM.     DUKE  OF  CLARSNCX. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  293 

MARQUIS  OF  BUCKINOHAM.  LORD  GRENVILLE.  LORD  TEMPLE. 
LORD  SIDMOUTH.  LORD  ELLENBOROUGH.  LORD  H.  PETTY. 
LORD  LIYBRPOOL.      LORD  CASTLEREAQH.      CANNING. 

Jolin  Boll  is  kneeling  on  the  '^  Bock  of  Broad-Bottom'd 
Security  /'  on  his  back  is  placed  ''  The  Sinking  Fund ;  i.e. 
Taxations  of  42  Millions  per  Annum/^  and  the  Chancellor 
of  the  Exchequer  (Lord  H.  Petty)  is  standing  upon  it, 
shovelling  down  guineas  to  his  clamorous  adherents.  Lord 
Grenville,  the  Marquis  of  Buckingham  and  Lord  Temple 
are  endeavouring  to  catch  some.  The  Duke  of  Norfolk 
holds  up  a  punch-bowl  inscribed  '*  The  Majesty  of  the 
People.''  Lord  Erskine  holds  up  ''The  Chancellor's 
Purse.''  Lord  Moira  raises  his  military  hat,  with  the 
Prince's  feathers  stuck  into  it — the  Duke  of  Clarence,  the 
*'  Royal  Jordan."  Sheridan,  in  a  harlequin's  dress,  holds 
up  his  cap  with  his  right  hand,  and  his  wand  is  behind  him 
in  his  left,  &c.  &c.  John  Bull  exclaims,  ''  Toss  away ! 
Toss  away,  my  good  Boy  I  Toss  away  f  Oh,  how  kind  it 
is  to  ease  me  of  this  terrible  load  I"  Lord  Henry  Petty 
answers, ''  Patience,  Johnny  !  arn't  I  tossing  away  as  fast 
as  I  can  ?  Arn't  I  reducing  your  taxes  to  1  Is  and  &d  in  the 
pound  ?  Why,  you  ought  to  think  yourself  quite  com- 
fortable and  easy,  Johnny !"  On  the  other  side  is  seen  a 
broken  column  overhung  by  a  cypress  tree ;  on  the  pedes- 
tal is  inscribed, ''  Sacred  to  the  Memory  of  Departed  Great- 
ness," (Pitt).  The  ex-Ministers  and  their  friends  are 
lamenting  their  unhappy  fate,  that  none  of  the  golden 
shower  descends  upon  them.  Lord  Castlereagh  says, 
"A  few  scatterings  this  way  would  be  very  acceptable 
indeed  I"  Canning  says,  "  0  the  Petty  cheat  I  that  Sink- 
ing Fund  was  our  invention,  and  not  to  have  a  snack  of 
it  at  last,  oh  !  oh  !"  Vansittart  holds  in  his  hands  '^  Fi- 
nance Resolutions,"  and  exclaims,  "My  Sinking  Fund 
would  have  cleared  it  ofE  in  half  the  time."  Lord  Liver- 
pool is  despairingly  holding  up  his  hat. 


294  OILLRAY^S   CABICATUSE8. 

This  print  is  intended  as  a  satire  upon  the  prodigality 
with  which  the  Broad-Bottom  Ministers  were  accused  of 
rewarding  their  friends. 


88S. 

ELECTION   CANDIDATES;    OB,   THE   REPUBLI- 
CAN  GOOSE  AT  THE  TOP  OF  THE  POLL. 

May  20th,  1807. 

WINDHAM.  LORD  TEMPLE.  LORD  HOWICK.  LORD  GBENYILLI. 
SIB  r.  BUBDETT.  LOBD  COCHBANE.  ELLIOT.  SHEBIDAN. 
PAULL.      HOBNE  TOOEE. 

The  candidates  for  Westminster  in  May,  1807,  were  Sir 
Francis  Burdett,  Lord  Cochrane,  Sheridan,  Paull,  and 
Elliott  the  brewer  of  Pimlico.  A  pole  is  erected  in  the 
centre  of  the  hustings.  The  republican  Goose  (Burdett) 
is  pitchforked  to  the  top  of  the  pole  (poll)  by  his  friend 
the  Devil  (represented  by  Home  Tooke).  The  Goose  is 
hissing  at  "  The  Sun  of  the  Constitution;''  ''Conceit*'  and 
''Vanity"  are  on  his  wings.  On  the  Devil's  (Home 
Tooke's)  wings  are  inscribed  "Deceit"  and  "Sedition;" 
he  has  a  clerical  band  under  his  chin.  Lord  Cochrane 
holds  the  pole  with  one  hand^  and  with  the  other  flourishes 
the  cudgel  of  "Reform."  In  his  pocket  are  "Charges 
against  Lord  St.  Vincent ;"  he  has  kicked  down  Elliot  the 
brewer^  who  stood  on  the  Tory  interest^  but  soon  disco- 
vered he  had  not  the  slightest  chance  of  success. 
"Quassia"  is  inscribed  on  his  body;  a  beer-barrel,  in- 
scribed "  Elliott's,"  is  falling  with  him  and  hides  his  head. 
Sheridan,  in  a  harlequin's  jacket,  is  vainly  endeavouring  to 
climb  up  the  pole,  intimating  he  has  lost  the  election. 
Paull  is  falling  from  the  pole,  his  leg  wounded  in  the  late 
duel  is  conspicuous ;  his  hat,  his  shears  Bud  a  cabbage  are 
falling  with  him.  Men  bearing  banners  of  "  Burdett  and 
Independence,"  &c.  are  parading  in  front  of  the  hustings. 


POLITICAL   8EBIES.  295 

334. 
THE  FALL  OF  ICARUS.  Apnl  21th,  1807, 

MARQUIS   OF   BUCKINQHAM.  LOBD  TEMPLE. 

Earl  Temple  was  Joint-Paymaster  of  the  Forces  during 
the  Fox  and  Grrenville  Ministry^  and  occupied  the  official 
residence  at  Whitehall.  He  had  the  arrogance  to  place  a 
brass  plate^  engraved  ''  Earl  Temple/^  on  the  door^  as  if 
it  were  his  own  private  house,— a  circumstance  unpre- 
cedented. On  the  dissolution  of  the  Ministry  it  was 
nniversaUy  reported  that,  on  quitting  office  he  had  carried 
away  a  very  large  quantity  of  stationery ;  this  drew  down 
upon  him  severe  animadversions  in  the  public  newspapers, 
and  it  was  even  said,  at  one  time,  it  would  be  noticed  in 
the  House  of  Commons. 

This  print  represents  the  official  house  of  the  Pay- 
master of  the.  Forces  at  Whitehall.  A  cart,  with 
''Stationery  Office"  painted  upon  it  is  standing  before 
the  door;  Lord  Temple's  black  servant  is  handing  quills, 
wax,  and  writing  paper  to  the  carter.  Lord  Temple, 
depicted  as  Icarus,  has  already  made  himself  wings,  and 
cemented  them  with  the  official  wax;  he  has  mounted 
into  the  air;  but  the  sun,  represented  by  the  head  of 
Greorge  III.  shines  so  intensely  upon  the  modem  Icarus, 
that  his  wings  melt,  and  he  is  falling  upon  the  ''  stake'' 
taken  "out  of  the  public  hedge."*  The  Marquis  of 
Buckingham,  as  Daedalus,  has  already  taken  flight  up- 
wards :  ''  Tellership  of  the  Exchequer"  is  marked  on  his 
wings ;  he  is  endeavouring  to  shelter  himself  in  a  cloud, 
to  avoid  the  burning  influence  of  the  sun.  Under  the 
print  is  a  poetical  inscription;  the  last  stanza  runs  thus : — 

"  With  plames  and  wax,  and  such  like  things. 
In  qa  entities  not  small, 
He  tries  to  make  a  pair  of  wings 
To  eaM  his  sndden  fall  I" 

*  See  page  210. 


296  oillbat'b  caricatures. 

335. 

A  KICK  AT  THE  BROAD-BOTTOMS,  L  e.,  EMAN- 
CIPATION OF  ''ALL  THE  TALENTS." 

March  2Srd,  1807. 

OEORQE  III.  LORD  aRENVILLB.  MARQUIS  OF  BUCONaHAM. 
LORD  HOWICK.  LORD  H.  PETTY.  LORD  ELLENBOROUGH. 
WINDHAM.  LORD  MOIRA.  LORD  TEMPLE.  LORD  SIDMOUTH. 
SHERIDAN.    LORD  ERSEINE.   WHITBREAD.    LORD  LAUDERDALE. 

The  enraged  King  exclaims^  "  What !  what  f  bring  in 
the  Papists  !  0  you  cunning  Jesuits,  you  I  What,  you 
thought  I  was  like  little  Boney,  and  would  turn  Turk  or 
anything!  but  if  you  have  no  faith  or  conscience,  I  hare  I 
ay,  and  a  little  Protestant  spunk  too  I  so,  out  with  you 
all  I  out,  with  all  your  Broad-BottomM  Popish  plots! 
Out  with  you ! — out !  out  I  out  \"  The  King,  holding  hia 
sceptre  in  his  right  hand,  is  aiming  a  -  blow  at  Lord 
Grenville ;  he  has  seized  his  hair  with  his  left,  his  foot  is 
placed  on  that  part  of  Lord  Grenville,  which  is  usually 
denominated  the  seat  of  honour.  In  Lord  Grenville's 
left  hand  is  the  ''  Catholic  Bill,  for  bringing  the  Papists 
into  power,  and  supporting  the  Broad-Bottom  Jesuits  in 
their  places.''  Lord  Howick  holds  in  his  left  hand  the 
''Bill  for  securing  the  Papists  in  commanding  of  the  Army 
and  the  Navy,  and  all  the  Public  Offices.''  The  position 
of  his  right  hand  shews  that  he  has  already  received  a 
kick  similar  to  that  given  to  his  colleague.  The  position 
of  Lord  Temple's  hand  behind  him  testifies  a  similar 
castigation.  Lord  Ellenborough's  hand  indicates  a  sore- 
ness in  the  same  part.  The  Marquis  of  Buckingham  and 
Windham  are  astonished.  Lord  Moira  and  Lord  Lander- 
dale  stand  aghast.  Lord  Sidmouth  and  Sheridan  are 
endeavouring  to  escape  out  at  the  door.  Lord  Henry 
Petty,  in  his  Exchequer  robe,  and  Lord  Erskine,  in  the 
costume  of  Chancellor,  with  the  purse  by  his  side,  are 
lying  prostrate  on  the  floor. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  297 

On  the  5th  of  March,  Lord  Howick  moved  for  leave  to 
bring  in  a  Bill  for  securing  to  all  his  Majesty's  subjects 
the  privilege  of  serving  in  the  army  and  navy  upon  taking 
an  oath  prescribed  by  Act  of  Parliament,  and  leaving  to 
them  the  exercise  of  their  religion.  A  strange  anomaly 
existed  in  the  law  at  that  time.  By  an  Act  of  the  Parlia- 
ment of  Ireland^  passed  in  1793,  Roman  Catholics  in  that 
country  were  enabled  to  hold  commissions  in  the  army, 
and  attain  to  any  rank,  except  that  of  Commander-in- 
Chief,  Master-General  of  the  Ordnance,  or  General  on  the 
Staff.  By  the  Act  of  Union  the  army  raised  in  Ireland 
was  liable  to  serve  in  England;  yet  the  instant  a  regiment 
landed  in  England,  its  Catholic  officers  were  disqualified 
by  law  to  remain  in  the  service,  and  would  only  have  the 
alternative  of  remaining  in  the  service  contrary  to  law,  and 
subject  to  penalties,  or  to  relinquish  the  military  profession. 
The  Bill  introduced  was  intended  to  remove  this  anomaly. 
It  had  been  submitted  to  the  King,  who  at  first  objected 
to  it,  but  on  the  clause  in  the  Act  of  Union  being  pointed 
out  to  him,  he  gave  a  reluctant  assent.  Perceval  opposed 
the  introduction  of  the  Bill,  he  did  not  deny  the  advantage 
or  even  the  justice  of  assimilating  the  laws  of  the  two 
countries,  but  contended  that  the  Catholics  had  not 
experienced  any  annoyance  from  the  enforcement  of  the 
penalties,  and  he  doubted  whether  they  could  be  inflicted 
since  the  Union ;  he  therefore  regarded  this  measure  as  a 
preliminary  to  ulterior  and  more  extensive  concessions. 

A  cry  of  "No  Popery^'  was  immediately  raised.  On 
the  11th  of  March  Lord  Sidmouth  tendered  his  resigna- 
tion in  a  letter  to  Lord  Grenville.  ''  My  opinion  of  the 
Bill  respecting  Roman  CathoUcs,  and  the  communicationa 
now  going  on  with  Mr.  Canning  for  the  purpose  of  con- 
necting him  with  the  Government,  separately  afibrd  suffi- 
cient ground  for  this  conviction,  and  when  taken  together,. 
admit  of  no  alternative.'^*  On  the  same  day  he  made  an  over' 
*  Sec  Pellew's  Life  of  Lord  Sidmouth,  vol.  ii.  p.  461. 


298  OILLRAT^S    CARICATURES. 

ture  to  Perceval  for  a  communication  on  the  best  means  of 
defeating  the  Catholic  Bill^  and  a  meeting  between  them 
was  fixed  for  the  13th.  The  King  had  informed  his 
Ministers  on  the  llth^  that  he  found  the  Bill  went  farther 
than  he  had  originally  understood^  and  that  to  such  a  mea- 
sure he  never  could  consent.  On  the  12th^  the  Duke  of 
Portland  addressed  a  private  letter  to  the  King^  enforcing 
the  danger  of  making  the  required  concession  to  the  Catho- 
lics. The  letter  is  most  artfully  drawn  up ;  the  Duke  was 
stimulated  to  the  step^  and  assisted  in  the  composition  of 
the  letter,  by  Lord  Malmesbury,  who  was  constantly  en- 
gaged in  political.intrigues.  In  the  course  of  the  letter, 
the  Duke  says,  "  But  should  any  peculiarity  of  circum- 
stances have  induced  your  Majesty  to  acquiesce  in  it,  I 
should  still  think  that  by  following  the  dictates  of  my  own 
conscience,  and  voting  against  it,  I  should  not  offend  your 
Majesty.^'  Should  the  King  feel  a  repugnance  to  the  mea- 
sure, the  Duke  says,  '^  I  must  fairly  state  to  your  Majesty, 
that  your  wishes  must  be  distinctly  known,*  and  that  your 
present  Ministers  should  not  have  any  pretext  for  equivo- 
cating on  the  subject,  or  any  ground  whatever  to  pretend 
ignorance  of  your  Majesty  ^s  sentiments  and  determination, 
not  only  to  withhold  your  sanction  from  the  present  mea- 
sure, but  to  use  all  your  influence  in  resisting  it.'^  Shoold 
the  Ministers  persist  in  attempting  to  pass  the  Bill,  the 
Duke  kindly  assures  the  King  ''that  persons  will  be 
found  able  to  carry  on  your  Majesty's  business  with  talents 
and  abilities  equal  to  your  present  Ministers.^'t 

In  the  interim  Lord  Howick  had  withdrawn  the  Bill, 
and  the  King  had  commanded  Lord  Sidmouth  to  withdraw 
his  resignation ;  he  did  so,  and  consequently  declined  the  in- 

*  In  1784,  the  Doke  of  Portland  had  sererely  censored  Earl  Tanpk^ 
shewing  a  letter  of  the  King,  expressing  his  ayersion  to  Fox*s  India  BiU, 
and  the  Honse  of  Commons  passed  resolutions  declaring  it  to  be  nnoonsti- 
tutional.    Lord  Temple  was  obliged  to  resign  in  consequence. 

t  See  Lord  Malmesburj*B  Diary.     Vol.  It.*  p.  367. 


POLITICAL    SERIES.  299 

terview  with  Perceval.  The  Ministerial  difficulties  seemed 
removed  for  the  present :  but  they  held  a  Cabinet  Council, 
and  resolved  to  present  a  Memorial  to  the  King,  stating 
that  they  reserved  to  themselves  the  right  of  tendering 
advice  to  his  Majesty  on  this  subject,  whenever  they 
might  think  proper.  It  is  remarkable  that  neither  the 
Chancellor  Lord  Erskine,  Lord  Sidmouth,  nor  Lord 
Ellenborough,were  summoned  to  this  Council.  The  King 
considered  this  declaration  a  gratuituous  annoyance,  and 
now  required  a  written  pledge  that  they  would  not  at  any 
time  address  him  again  on  this  subject ;  this  pledge  they 
respectfully  declined,  affirming  it  was  contrary  to  law. 
They  were  bound  by  their  oaths  to  tender  advice  to  his 
Majesty  on  all  subjects  they  might  esteem  essential  to  the 
interests  of  the  Crown  and  the  country.  The  King  next 
day  informed  Lord  Howick  that  '^  He  must  look  out  fob 

KSW  MlNISl^RS.'^ 

The  Lord  Chancellor  had  an  interview  with  the  King 
upon  the  Recorder's  Report ;  the  conference  upon  that 
subject  being  ended,  Lord  Erskine  told  the  King  '^  that 
he  was  sensible  that  when  he  first  entered  into  his  Majesty^s 
service,  his  Majesty  had  entertained  a  prejudice  against 
him,  that  he  was  quite  satisfied  that  this  prejudice  was 
now  removed ; — ^that  upon  the  measure  which  had  been 
the  original  cause  of  the  present  state  of  things,  he 
thought,  both  religiously  and  morally,  exactly  as  his 
Majesty  himself  did,  but  that  it  would  be  unconstitutional 
for  his  Ministers  to  sign  the  required  pledge, — it  might 
subject  them  to  impeachment — that  the  Catholics  would 
desire  nothing  more  than  to  have  a  Ministry,  who  were 
supported  by  '  all  the  talents '  and  weight  of  property  in 
the  country,  go  out  upon  such  a  measure ;  and  that  if  he 
proceeded  with  his  resolution,  he  would  never  know 
another  hour  of  comfort  or  tranquillity.''  The  King 
listened  with  great  attention,  and  seemed  greatly  agitated ; 
he  replied,  "  My  Lord,  you  are  a  very  honest  man,  and  I 


300  gillray's  caricatures. 

am  very  mach  obliged  to  you."  Lord  Erskine  flattered 
himself  lie  had  made  a  favourable  impression  upon  the 
King ;  but  his  resolution  was  already  taken. 

The  King  commanded  the  attendance  of  Lord  Hawkes- 
bury  and  Lord  Eldon  at  Windsor.  He  sent  them^  with  a 
carte  blanche^  to  the  Duke  of  Portland^  to  form  an  Ad- 
ministration. Great  agitation  now  prevailed  in  the  poli- 
tical world.  The  Duke  of  Portland  met  with  several 
refusals  to  his  offers  of  office  and  a  seat  in  the  Cabinet. 
An  impression  prevailed  that  he  could  not  form  a  Ministry 
of  sufficient  strength  and  ability  to  resist  the  influence  of 
the  ex-Ministers  in  Parliament.  The  Marquis  of  Wellesley, 
after  deliberation,  declined  the  Foreign  Office.  Mr.  Yorke 
declined  from  apprehension  of  the  weakness  of  the  new 
Ministers.  Lord  Lowther's  Parliamentary  interest  was 
secured.  '^  He  declined  taking  office^  but  confessed  the 
Oarter  in  due  time  would  gratify  him.''  The  Doke  of 
Portland  agreed  to  this^  and  mentioned  it  to  the  King^ 
who  said  he  should  be  the  first  promoted  in  the  Peerage,* 
and  then  the  Garter  might  follow  with  propriety." — ^Lord 
Malmesbury's  Diary,  Vol.  iv.  p.  379. 

The  Administration  was  at  length  formed.  A  great 
accession  of  strength  was  gained  in  the  person  of  Mr. 
Canning,  a  consummate  debater,  who  had  been  on  the 
point  of  joining  the  late  Cabinet.  He  accepted  the 
Foreign  Office.  "Canning,^'  says  Lord  Malmesburyj 
"  spoke  as  if  the  choice  of  Cabinet  places  was  to  be  at 
his  refusal,  and  declared,  with  a  threat,  that  he  never 
would  sit  in  the  same  Cabinet  with  Addington.'' — ^Lord 
Malmesbury's  Diary,  Vol.  iv.  p.  867. 

The  following  extract  of  a  letter  from  Lord  Eldon  to  Sir 
William  Scott  furnishes  a  curious  picture  of  what  was 
passing — '*  March  81,  1807 — I  am  most  seriously  huri 
that  Lord  Sidmouth  is  not  among  us.  My  earnest  wish 
and  entreaty  has  been  that  he  should,  and  many  others 
*  He  was  created  Earl  of  Lonsdale,  and  had  the  Garter. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  801 

have  wished  it ;  but  it  has  been  urged  by  some  that  at 
this  moment  it  cannot  be ;  that  not  an  individual  con- 
nected with  Lord  Melville  could  join  or  support ;  if  it 
was  sOy  that  a  large  part  of  Mr.  Pitt's  friends  would 
secede ;  that  among  Lord  Grenville's  majority  there  are 
persons  not  adverse^  and  likely  enough  to  be  friendly^ 
who  are  so  desperately  angry  with  Lord  S.,  that  with  him 
in  the  Administration^  they  would  be  against  it  to  a  man  ; 
that  Canning  declines  office  if  Lord  S.  was  to  have  office 
now^  but  would  not  object  a  few  months  hence ;  and  all 
the  Pittites  who  talk  to  me  hold  themselves  bound  by 
their  view  of  past  transactions  not  to  desert  Canning  in  a 
question  between  him  and  Lord  S.  The  language  which 
these  two  have  held  respecting  each  other  has  done  infi- 
nite mischief.  In  short  it  is  a  sickening  scene  that  is 
passing.  I  take  the  Great  Seal  to-morrow." — {See  Twists 
Life  of  Lord  Eldon,  Vol.  ii.  p.  30.) 

We  shall  close  this  article  with  an  account  of  the  re- 
markable contrast  made  by  the  King  between  the  conduct 
of  Mr.  Fox  and  that  of  one  of  his  colleagues^  as  stated  in 
conversation  with  Lord  Eldon: — ''  Bach  change  of  Admi- 
nistration since  1801^  had  been  unpleasing  to  the  King; 
but  upon  further  acquaintance  his  prejudice  against  Mr. 
Fox  became  much  abated.  Some  time  after  the  dissolu- 
tion of  the  Whig  Ministry  the  King  said,  "  It  was  but 
just  to  acknowledge  that  Mr.  Fox,  though  certainly  forced 
upon  him,  had  never  presumed  upon  that  circumstance  to 
treat  his  Sovereign  like  a  person  in  his  power,  but  had 
always  conducted  himself  firankly,  yet  respectfully,  as  it 
became  a  subject  to  behave.  His  manner,  the  King  was 
wont  to  say,  contrasted  remarkably  with  that  of  another 
of  the  Whig  Ministers,  who,  when  he  came  into  office, 
walked  up  to  me  in  the  way  I  should  have  expected  from 
Buonaparte  after  the  battle  of  AusterUtz.^'  —  {Tvrisa^s 
Life  of  Lord  Eldon,  Vol.  i.  p.  510.) 


302  gillrat's  caricatures. 

838. 

POLITICAL  MATHEMATICIANS  SHAKING  THE 
BROAD-BOTTOMED  HEMISPHEEES. 

Jcmuary  9ih,  1807. 

LORD  HAWKSSBURY.  LORD  0A8TLSR1A0H.  WIHDHAM.  TIIRHIT. 
BTNG.  GHOST  OF  FOX.  LORD  ERSKINS.  LORD  H.  PBTTT.  LORD 
TEMPLE.  MARQUIS  OF  BUCKINGHAM.  LORD  MOIRA.  LORD 
GRENVILLE.  LORD  SIDMOUTH.  LORD  SLLENBOROUGH.  LORD 
LAUDERDALE.  LORD  HOWICE.  SHERIDAN.  PAULL.  COBBITT. 
NAPOLEON.      SIR  F.  BURDETT.      HORNE  TOOES. 

Gillray  thas  dedicates  this  print  ''To  that  last  Hope  of 
the  Country — the  New  Opposition,  this  Representation  of 
Charley's  Old  Breeches  in  Danger  is  respectfully  dedi- 
cated.^'  The  Broad-Bottomed  Ministers  are  comfortably 
seated  in  the  Old  Breeches  of  their  late  popular  le^er, 
*'  the  Man  of  the  People;''  they  are  revelling  on  the  loayes 
and  fishes  furnished  by  the  Exchequer  and  Treasury.  A 
dog  with  "Tiemey^'  engraved  on  his  collar  is  endeavouring 
to  climb  up  into  Fox's  nether  garment.  The  Prince  of 
Wales's  feathers  indicate  the  support  he  gave  to  the  Whig 
Ministers.  Rats  are  gnawing  them  away.  PauU,  seated 
on  "  the  Bock  of  Independence/'  is  cutting  asunder  ''the 
Broad-Bottom  Measure"  with  his  shears;  he  is  ''the 
Fulcrum  of  the  Constitution"  on  which  a  lever  is  placed 
to  remove  the  Cabinet  incubus^  which  presses  so  heavfly 
on  the  nation.  Cobbett^  Burdett  and  Home  Tooke  are 
pulling  at  the  end  of  the  lever  with  all  their  force.  By 
their  side  are  a  "New  Planetary  System,"  "Scheme  for  a 
New  Patriotic  Administration/'  "  New  Scale  of  Justice," 
"  No  Taxation,"  "  No  Bastille,"  "  Political  Repster,"  Ac. 
On  the  other  side,  Lord  Hawkesbury,  Lord  Castlereagh, 
Canning,  &c.  are  pulling  with  might  and  main  to  overthrow 
the  Cabinet  incubus.  Buonaparte,  looking  from  an  emi« 
nence,  through  a  telescope,  says,  "Oh!  by  Gar  I  if  I  oonld 
but  once  put  my  foot  upon  the  lever,  I'd  give  their  Broad- 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  303 

Bottoms  a  sliake  with  a  vengeance  I  f  !  The  head  of  Fox 
is  looking  out  of  his  grave,  exclaiming,  ''  O,  save  my 
breeches,  heaven  I'^*  On  his  monument  we  read,  ''  Hic 
JACET  PATER  Broad-Bottomos,  he  lent  his  raiment  to  cover 
the  needy,  and  hide  his  enemies  from  shame ;  he  went 
naked  to  the  grave/'  Britannia  is  weeping  over  a  broken 
statue  of  Pitt ;  on  the  pedestal  is  inscribed  "  The  Pilot 
that  weathered  the  storm." 

337. 
THE    PIGS    POSSESSED;      OR,    THE     BROAD- 
BOTTOM'D     LITTER     RUNNING     HEADLONG 
INTO    THE    SEA    OF    PERDITION. 

April  18th,  1807. 

OEORQE  III.  SHERIDAN.  LORD  SIDHOUTH.  LORD  ELLENBOROUQH. 
LORD  HOWICE.  WINDHAM.  LORD  HOLLAND.  LORD  WALPOLE. 
LORD  CARLISLE.  LORD  ST.  VINCENT.  LORD  TEMPLE.  LORD 
ORENVILLE.  LORD   DERBT.  MARQUIS    OF  BUCKINGHAM. 

TIERNBT.  COURTNEY.  LORD  ERSEINE.  LORD  LAUDERDALE. 
LORD  H.  PETTY.  EARL  SPENCER,  LORD  MOIRA.  DUKE  OF 
BEDFORD.         WHITBREAD. 

Parodies  npon  Scriptnres  in  caricatures  or  other  compo- 
sitions are,  to  say  the  least,  best  avoided.  With  this  reser- 
vation the  conception  of  this  print  must  be  pronounced 
extremely  felicitous.  The  enraged  Royal  Farmer  is  about 
to  attack  the  possessed  pigs  with  his  uplifted  pitchfork,  he 
exclaims,  '^  0,  you  cursed  ungrateful  grunters  !  what,  after 
having  devoured  more  in  a  twelvemonth  than  the  good  Old 
Litter  did  in  twelve  years,  you  turn  round  to  kick  and  bite 
your  old  master !  but  if  the  devil  or  the  Pope  has  got  pos- 
session of  you  all,  pray  get  out  of  my  farm-yard  !  Out 
with  you  all — no  hangers  behind  !  You're  all  of  a  cursed 
bad  breed ;  so  out  with  you  altogether !  !'*     The  Farmer 

♦  A  parody  on  the  dying  words  ascribed  to  Pitt,  **  Oh,  save  my  country, 
hearen  !" 

20 


304  gtllray's  caricatures. 

« 

is  kicking  Sheridanr  The  pigs  are  running  headlong  into 
the  sea.  The  herd  consists  of  Lord  Sidmouth,  Lord 
EUenborough,  Courtney,*  Lord  Derby,  Lord  Moira,  Lord 
Lauderdale ;  Duke  of  Bedford,  late  Lord  Lieutenant  of 
Ireland,  is  sqeaking  "  Erin  go  bragh ;''  Whitbread  has  run 
his  head  into  a  porter  butt,  labelled  *'  Whitbread's  entire  /' 
the  Marquis  of  Buckingham  is  following  in  the  rear  of 
Lord  Grenville;  Lord  Temple  is  the  ''Last  Stake  of  the 
Broad-Bottomed  Family ;"  Lord  Howick  has  fallen  down, 
and  is  lying  on  his  back  upon  the  "  Repeal  of  the  Test 
Act  /'  Lord  Grenville  has  one  foot  upon  "  Emancipation 
of  the  Catholic  Army  and  Navy,''  and  the  other  foot  on 
the  ''  Catholic  Bill,''  he  is  plunging  into  the  sea. 

338. 

THE  NEW  DYNASTY ;  OR,  THE  LITTLE  COR- 
SICAN  GARDENER  PLANTING  A  ROYAL 
PIPPIN   TREE.  June  25th,  1807. 

COBBETT.  SIR  F.  BURDETT.  HORNE  TOOEE.  LORD  MOIRA. 
NAPOLEON.  TALLEYRAND.  LORD  aRENYILLE.  MARQUIS  OF 
BUCKINGHAM. 

Gillray  has  combined  a  double  satire  in  this  print,  one 
on  the  late  Ministers  for  the  introduction  of  the ''  Catholic 
Bill^'^  and  the  other  on  the  king-making  proceedings  of 
Napoleon.  On  the  right  of  the  spectator  is  the  "  Royal 
Oak.''  On  its  top  is  placed  a  crown  in  honour  of  its  hay- 
ing sheltered  Charles  II. ;  it  now  bears  the  goodly  fruit  of 
''  Protestant  Faith,'' ''  Integrity  of  the  Lords,"  "  Indepen- 
dence  of  the  Commons,"  and  ''  Liberty  of  the  Press." 
Lord  Howick  with  the  "  Whig  Cleaver,"  the  Marquis  of 
Buckingham  with  a  "  Broad-Bottom  Hatchet,"  and  Lord 

*  Courtney  is  placed  between  Lord  Ellenborongb  and  Lord  Sidmoath. 
The  face  presents  a  striking  resemblance  of  this  most  intimate  friend  of  Fox, 
who  was  a  frequent  Tisitor  at  St  Anne*8  Hill  It  is  said  to  be  the  only 
portrait  of  hini« 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  305 

Qrenville  with  a  "  Cfttholic  Cleaver,"  are  labouring  to  fell 
the  venerable  tree,  that  is,  the  British  Constitution.  Lord 
Grenville  has  a  crucifix  hanging  down  his  back,  indicative 
of  the  favours  he  had  proposed  to  bestow  on  the  Roman 
Catholics. 

On  the  left  is  Napoleon  preparing  to  plant  the  "  Royal 
Pippin"  Tree.  Talleyrand  has  already  dug  a  hole  of  suffi- 
cient circumference  to  receive  it ;  in  his  coat-pocket  is 
seen  "projet  pour  aggrandiser  les  Jardins  Imperials." 
"  William  the  Norman  Robber"  forms  the  root  of  the  tree^ 
The  branches  bear  memorials  of '^Crooked-backed  Richard 
killed  at  Bosworth ;  Edmund,  the  fourth  son  of  Edward 
III.,"  and  other  unfortunates.  A  crowned  head  of  Lord 
Moira  is  placed  on  the  top  of  the  Royal  Pippin  Tree,  inti- 
mating that  he  claimed  to  be  descended  from  the  Lrish 
royal  race  of  Ballynahinch.  Buonaparte's  sword  has  in- 
scribed on  it  ^'  Corsican  Grafting  Kiiife."  Behind  him  are 
his  newly  grafted  Royal  Pippin  Trees  in  Holland,  Saxony, 
and  Wirtemberg,  &c.  On  the  ground  are  ''  Grafts  of 
King  Pippins  for  Brentford,  Wimbledon,  and  Botley." 
The  heads  of  Home  Tooke,  Cobbett,  and  Burdett  are 
crowned. 

339. 

CHARON'S  BOAT;  OR,  THE  GHOSTS  OF  ALL 
THE  TALENTS  TAKING  THEIR  LAST  VOY- 
AGE, FROM  THE  POPE^S  GALLERY  AT  ROME. 

July,  1807. 

LORD  CASTLEBEAOH.  CANNING.  LORD  HAWKESBUBY.  LOBD 
MOIBA.  LOBD  H.  PETTY.  LOBD  EKSEINE.  LOBD  HOWICK. 
WHrrBREAD.  LOBD  TEUPLE.  8HEBIDAN.  MABQUIS  OF 
BUCKINGHAM.  WINDHAM.  LOBD  SIDMOUTH.  LOBD  GBBNYILLE. 
LOBD  LAUDEBDALE.  BISHOP  OP  LINCOLN  (pBETYMAN)  .  HOBNE 
TOOKE.        SIB  P.  BUBDETT.        LOBD  ST.  VINCENT. 

The  Broad-Bottom  Packet  is  conveying  the  late  Cabinet 
and  some  of  its  supporters  across  the  river  Styx.    Charon 

20* 


306  oillbay's  caricatures. 

is  personated  by  Lord  Howick,  who  is  rowing, — ^the  ''Whig 
Club"  is  his  oar.  He  exclaims,  "  Better  to  Reign  in  Hell 
than  serve  in  Heaven."  Earl  St.  Vincent  is  steersman,  he 
calls  out,  "  Avast !  Trim  the  Boat !  or  these  damn  d 
Broad-Bottom  Lubbers  will  overset  us  all."  Lord  Henry 
Petty  is  playing  on  a  lyre,  he  has  his  foot  on  the  dance, 
"  Go  to  the  devil  and  shake  yourselves."  Lord  Erskine  is 
exhibiting  the  eflFects  of  the*'  Catholic  Emetic."  Whitbread 
holds  "  Wesley's  Hymns  in  one  hand,  and  a  Pot  of  Whit- 
bread's  Entire"  in  the  other.  Lord  Moira's  eyes  are  raised 
to  heaven,  he  is  kissing  a  crucifix  held  in  his  right  hand, 
his  left  grasps  the  mast,  which  is  surmounted  by  the 
feathers  of  his  patron,  the  Prince  of  Wales,  under  them  is 
*'  Fitz — Ich  Dien."  Windham  holds  in  his  hand  a ''  Scheme 
for  drilling  Imps  in  Hell."  The  Bishop  of  Lincoln  has 
''  Unction"  on  his  mitre ;  he  holds  in  his  clasped  hands 
''  Pitt  Endowments,"  and ''  Whig  Endowments,"  intimat- 
ing that  he  obtained  as  much  as  he  possibly  could  from 
both  the  Pitt  and  Whig  Administrations.  Lord  Lauder- 
dale is  in  agonies,  but  exclaims, ''  Vive  Brissot."  Sheridan 
is  suffering  from  the  same  effects  as  Lord  Erskine.  The 
Marquis  of  Buckingham  holds  a  cup  in  his  hand,  and  en- 
deavours to  cheer  up  Lord  Grrenville, "  Courage,  Brother ! 
take  Extreme  Unction  and  don't  despair."  The  Broad- 
Bottom  "  Ballast  from  Stowe,"  with  a  crucifix  upon  it,  is 
the  only  discernible  part  of  Lord  Grenville.  Lord  Temple 
has  dropped  overboard  "  Pay  OflSce  Stationery,"  and  a 
"  List  of  Places,  Pensions,  and  Sinecures."  Lord  Sid- 
mouth  has  &llen  overboard  into  the  Styx.  The  floating 
Wig-Box,  inscribed  "  Lord  Double-Bottom,  his  Wig-Box, 
King's  Bench,"  has  evidently  belonged  to  Lord  EUenbo- 
rough.  The ''  Morning  Chronicle"  and  "  Oracle"  are  float- 
ing in  the  water,  and  a  flag  flying  on  the  packet  is  inscribed 
''  Templa  quam  dilecta,"  the  family  motto  of  the  Gren- 
ville family.  "  Catholic  Emancipation"  is  on  the  sail.  On 
the  right  hand  top  of  this  print,  Cobbett,  tmnsformed  into 


POLITICAL   S£BIES.  807 

a  bird,  is  blowing  letters  from  his  Political  Register  into 
the  packet.  The  Morning  Post  bird  is  conveying  ''  Pro- 
testant Letters''  into  it.  A  monster  bird,  compounded  of 
Burdett  and  Home  Tooke,  is  emitting  "  Damnable  traths*' 
among  the  crew.  On  the  left  of  the  print  at  the  top  are 
three  witches  riding  in  the  air  on  their  brooms,  they 
represent  the  three  fatal  sisters  or  ParcaB.  Canning  as 
Lachesis,  holds  the  thread  of  the  late  Administration, 
and  Castlereagh,  as  Atropos,  has  cat  it  asunder.  Lord 
Hawkesbury,  as  Clotho,*  holds  the  distaff,  because  he  has 
spun  the  thread  of  the  new  Administration. 

On  the  opposite  side  of  the  Styx  are  seen  departed 
spirits.  Pox  is  placed  between  Cromwell  and  Robespierre. 
Pox  holds  up  a  branch,  and  cries  out,  ''  Welcome  to 
Charley.*'  Robespierre  holds  his  decapitated  head  in  his 
hand,  and  welcomes  the  boat's  crew.  Colonel  Despard 
and  Quigley  are  recognised  by  the  halters  round  their 
necks,  they  welcome  the  new  arrival.  Cerberus  is 
barking  at  the  Packet's  Crew. 


340. 
PHAETON  ALARMED  1  March  22nd,  1808. 

prrr.     canning,     lord  h.  petty,    whitbread.    windham. 

LORD  SIDMOUTH.  LORD  ERSKINE.  LORD  LIVERPOOL.  LORD 
ST.  VINCENT.  PERCEVAL.  LORD  CASTLEREAGH.  LORD  ELDON. 
LORD  ELLENBOROUGH.  SHERIDAN.  LORD  GREY.  LORD 
LAUDERDALE.  LORD  GRENVILLB.  FOX.  LORD  MOIRA. 
LORD  TEMPLE.   LORD  CARLISLE.   TIERNEY.   BUONAPARTE. 

This  is  one  of  Gillray^s  finest  allegorical  conceptions, 
"  The  Sun  of  Anti-Jacobinism,''  Canning,  who  had  been 
active  in  the  overthrow  of  the  old  Ministry,  and  in  forming 
the  new,  is  the  adventurous  Phaeton  of  the  political 
heaven,  he  is  startled  at  the  monstrous  constellations  who 


*  Clotho  colum  retinot,  Lachesis  net,  ct  Atropos  occat. 


308  OILLRAY's   CAEICATUEE8. 

threaten  his  progress  on  all  sides.     The  chariot  of  the 
new  sun  is  drawn  by  steeds  in  which  we  recognise  the 
features  of  Liverpool,  Perceval,  Castlereagh,  and  Eldon. 
'*  Copenhagen''  and  "  Libra  Britannicns''  are  attached  to 
the  chariot  wheels.     Leo  Britannicus  is  making  a  spring 
at  the  presumptuous  charioteer.     Among  the  threatening 
stars  is  Python,  Lord  Howick ;  Wilberforce  is  Aquila  ;* 
Lord  Lauderdale  enacts  Pisces ;  Whitbread  as  Aquarius^ 
is  hurling  a   "  Barrel  of    Small  Beer"  at  him.      Lord 
Sidmouth,   a    newly   created    star    "  Sangradarius/'    is 
squirting  at  him.     Erskine,  as  Astr^a,  is  endeavouring 
to  extinguish  the  Politiqal  Phaeton.     Lord  EUenborough 
is  aiming  a  blow  with  his  "Herculean  Club.''    The  raging 
Bull  is  snorting  Fire :  a  collar  with  *^  Erin  go  brach"  is 
round  his  neck,  beads  and  a  crucifix  are  attached  to  it,  and 
a  Porridge  Pot  containing  "  Emancipation"  is  fastened  to 
his  tail.     Windham  is  Sagittarius. — Earl  St.  Vincent  is 
*^  Cancer." — Sheridan  enacts  the  drunken  Silenus  mounted 
on  an  ass,  with  a  bottle  of  ''  Port"  in  each  hand.     Lord 
Grenville  is  Scorpio, — the  Whig  cliiefs  are  in  his  claws. 
Buonaparte,   mounted   on  the  Russian  Bear,  is   *^  Ursa 
Major."      Neptune,   with   his   trident    in   his    hand,    is 
looking   out   of  the   sea,   horror-struck   at   the   general 
conflagration.     The  ghosts  of  Pitt  and  Fox,  as  Apollo 
and  Pluto,  are  surveying  from   the   shades   below,   the 
spreading  flames,  which  menace  the  destruction  of  heaven 
aud  earth.     It  is  a  very  remarkable  circumstance  that 
Canuinsr  concluded  one  of  his  earliest  Poetical  Exercises 
at  Eton  with  an  ardent  desire, 

*'  To  live  in  a  blaze,  and  in  a  blaze  expire." 

This  print  seems  to  exhibit  a  consummation  of    his 

wish. 

■  Aquila  wais  a  tribune  of  the  people,  who  refused  t<>  ru*  when  Ciffcar*8 
procciksion  pn.s^ed. 


POLITICAL  SERIES.  309 


341. 

DELICIOUS  DREAMS !    CASTLES  IN  THE  AIR ! 
GLORIOUS  PROSPECTS  1  ApHl  10th,  1808. 

CA8TLEREAGH.       PERCEVAL.       DUKE   OF   PORTLAND.       HAWKES- 
BURT.      CANNING.      LORD   HULQRAYE. 

The  new  Prime  Minister,  the  Duke  of   Portland,  is 
regaling  some  of  his  Cabinet  Colleagues.    A  Bowl  of 
Punch,  "  Madeira,''  "  Port,''  &c.  are  on  the  table.     The 
Ministers,  experiencing  the  effects  of  copious  libations, 
have  all  fallen  asleep.    They  are  dreaming  of  the  splendid 
achievements  they  meditate.     A  Crutch  is  placed  by  the 
Duke  of  Portland's  Chair,*  intimating  that  he  is  an  old 
and  worn-out  Statesman.     Lord  Hawkesbury's  hands  are 
clasped,  he  appears  to  be  uttering  pious  aspirations  for 
the  success  of  our  arms.     Canning,  Secretary  for  Foreign 
Affairs,  has  in  his  pocket  '*  Secret  Correspondence  from 
Copenhagen,"  intimating  that  the  Copenhagen  Expedition 
originated  with  him.     Perceval  is  resting  his  head  on  one 
hand,  and  liolds  a  tumbler  of  punch  in  the  other.     A 
tumbler  of  punch  has  fallen  from  the  hand  of  the  slum- 
bering Castlereagh,  and  the  contents  are  running  over  his 
clothes ;  a  copy  of  an  intended  speech,  ^^  nine  hours  and 
a  half  long/'   detailing  the  military  establishments   for 
''The  Defence  of   the  Country,"  has  fallen  out  of  his 
pocket.     Behind  him  a  Cat  holds  in  her  paws  an  *'  air  by 
Catalani."     We  suspect,  however,  that  the  insinuation  is 
intended  to  be  applied  to  the  Duke  of  Portland,  who  was 
fond  of  music  and  singing;  and  had  formerly  had  the 

*  The  Marquis  of  Tichfield  was  extremely  averse  to  his  father's  accepting 
the  Treasury.  He  feared  the  mental  and  bodily  fatigue  would  be  too  great 
for  his  advanced  age  and  debilitated  constitution.  He  represented  this  to 
the  Duke,  and  also  to  Lord  Malmcsbury,  who,  we  know,  wa:>  urging  the 
Duke  to  accept  the  Frcmicrship. 


310  QILLEAY^S   CARICATURES. 

credit  of  a  liaison  with  Mrs.  Billington.  Lord  Mulgrave, 
First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty,  overpowered  by  wine,  is 
lying  Tinder  the  table.  Bats  are  feasting  on  '^  the  Loayes 
and  Fishes  of  the  Treasury.'* 

In  the  upper  part  of  the  print  we  perceive  the 
visions  which  are  floating  in  the  excited  minds  of  the 
Ministers.  "  Britannia  Triumphant'*  is  seated  in  a  car, 
Buonaparte  and  the  Russian  Bear  are  chained  to  the 
wheels.  Sailors,  supposed  to  have  captured  the  Danish 
Fleet,  are  hurrahiug,  and  singing  ^^  Britannia  rules  the 
World." 


842. 

PILLARS    OF    THE    CONSTITUTION.       THREE 
O'CLOCK  AND  A  CLOUDY  MORNING. 

Feb.  Ist,  1809. 

SHERIDAN.  DUKE   OF   NORFOLK. 

The  Duke  of  Norfolk  and  Sheridan,  having  finished 
their  hbations,  are  reeling  out  of  Brooks's.  A  sign  post 
is  inscribed  '^To  Parliament  Street."  The  Duke  of 
Norfolk  is  stammering  out,  **  And  now  for  the  Majesty 
of  the  People.*'  A  bottle  of  "  Port ''  is  in  his  pocket. 
Sheridan  staggering,  calls  out,  '^  And  now  have  at  the 
Ministry,  damme.''  In  his  pocket  are  seen  **  Motions  to 
badger  the  Minister." 

The  Statesmen  of  former  times  too  frequently  cele- 
brated the  orgies  of  Bacchus.  "  The  Duke  of  Montrose, 
who  entered  Pitt's  Cabinet  in  1784,  and  again  in  1801, 
used  to  say  that '  Any  one  Member  of  the  former  Cabinet 
drank  more  wine,  than  the  whole  collected  individuals 
did,  twenty  years  later.'  "* 

*  Sec  "Wraxall's  Memoirs,  vol.  iv.  p.  441. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  311 

343. 

BRITISH  TARS  TOWING  THE  DANISH  FLEET 
INTO  HARBOUR;  the  Broad-Bottom  Leviathan 
trying  Billyhs  Old  Boat,  and  the  Kttle  Corsican  tottering 
on  the  Clouds  of  Ambition. 

CANNING.         LORD  LIVEBPOOL.         LORD  CASTLERBAGH.  LORD 

HOWICK.  LORD  GRENYILLE. 

Lord  Liverpool  and  Lord  Castlereagh  are  rowing  "  The 
Billy  Pitt/'  Canning  seated  at  the  prow  is  towing  the 
Danish  fleet  into  the  harbour  of  Sheemess.  Lord 
Howick  is  uttering  *' Detraction ''  on  the  Expedition, 
Earl  St.  Vincent  is  filled  with  "  Envy,''  and  Lord  Gren- 
ville  is  raising  an  '^  Opposition  Clamour"  against  it.  The 
sign  of  the  ''  Good  Old  Royal  George"  hangs  out  on  a 
public-house  in  '^  Sheemess  Harbour."  John  Bull  is 
seated  before  the  door  with  a  pot  of  Porter  in  his  left 
hand,  he  is  waving  his  hat  with  his  right,  and  vociferat- 
ing ''  Rule  Britannia,  Britannia  rules  the  Waves !" 
Buonaparte  is  seen  in  the  clouds,  horror-struck  at  the  loss 
of  the  Danish  fleet ;  his  '^  projet  pour  subjuguer  la  Mer" 
has  dropped  from  his  hand. 

Buonaparte,  not  content  with  issuing  the  Berlin  and 
Milan  Decrees  against  the  commerce  of  England,  now  me- 
ditated a  more  deadly  blow.  By  a  secret  article  of  the 
treaty  of  Tilsit,  it  was  stipulated  that,  the  Emperor  of 
Russia  should  assist  Napoleon  in  organizing  a  Naval  Con- 
federation of  the  Northern  Powers  under  the  specious 
name  and  pretext  of  "The  Armed  Neutralitt,"  to 
protect  the  maritime  rights  of  Neutrals,  but  in  reality  to 
compel  England  to  accept  the  terms  of  peace,  which  might 
be  dictated  to  her.  Denmark  had  evinced  great  reluctance 
to  become  a  party.  But  Buonaparte,  after  rebuking  the 
deputies  from  Hamburgh,  who  had  presented  a  petition  to 
him,  humbly  representing  that  the  execution  of  the  Decrees 


312  oillbay's  caricatures. 

in  Hamburgh  would  be  the  total  ruin  of  their  city,  took 
occasion  to  allude  to  the  Crown  Prince  of  Deiimarky  *'  Let 
THAT  Little  Prince  take  care  op  Himself/'*  It 
was  known  that  Napoleon  did  not  utter  vain  threats 
against  weak  States.  The  English  Government  had 
obtained  intelligence,  on  which  they  placed  implicit  re- 
liance, that  a  large  accumulation  of  Naval  stores  was  col- 
lected at  Copenhagen,  and  that  the  Danish  fleet  was  to 
convey  it  to  Brest,  and  the  fleet  itself  be  placed  at  the 
disposal  of  the  French  Government,  Mr.  Jackson  was 
therefore  dispatched  to  Copenhagen  to  require  the  sur- 
render of  the  Danish  fleet  to  Great  Britain  during  the  war ; 
as  the  Danish  Government  could  not  protect  itself  against 
the  intended  use  of  the  fleet  for  the  hostile  purposes  of 
France  against  England. 

The  terms  originally  offered  by  Mr.  Jackson,  and  re- 
peated by  Admiral  Gumbier  on  the  2nd  of  September, 
1807,  were,  ''That  the  Danish  fleet  should  be  held  in 
deposit,  under  the  most  solemn,  stipulation  that  it  should 
be  restored  at  the  conclusion  of  the  war,  with  all  its  equip- 
ments, in  as  good  a  state  as  it  may  be  received.'*  The 
Danes  rejected  the  proposition,  and  the  English  fleet 
bombarded  Copenhagen,  which  was  compelled  to  capita- 
late  on  the  8th  of  September.  The  British  Admiral  im- 
mediately began  rigging  and  fitting  out  the  ships  that 
filled  the  capacious  basins,  where  they  were  laid  up  in 
ordinary,  and  they  were  all,  together  with  the  stores, 
timber,  and  every  article  of  naval  equipment  found  in  the 
arsenals  and  storehouses  conveyed  to  England,  where  they 
arrived  the  latter  end  of  October. 

Copenhagen  tjufiercd  most  severely  during  the  bombard- 
ment, as  is  most  feehngly  depicted  by  an  unexceptionable 
witness.     Lord  Eldon,  in  a  letter  to  Lady  Eldon,  dated 

'^  lu  one  of  his  bulletins  he  said,  "I'cut  ctre  le  BKk'us  da  Contiucut  no 
sera  pas  un  vain  mot." 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  313 

September  19,  says: — '^Yesterday  I  dined  at  the  Ad- 
miralty, and  met  there  several  Admirals  and  Captains,  who 
had  just  returned  from  Copenhagen,  and  we  had  full  par- 
ticulars. The  state  of  the  inhabitants  of  Copenhagen,  and 
their  distresses,  must  have  been  terrible  and  tremendous. 
In  one  street  our  mortars  destroyed  five  hundred  persons, 
principally  poor  helpless  women  and  children.  It  made 
my  head  ache  and  my  blood  run  cold,  to  hear  the  accounts 
these  gentlemen  gave.'' — ^Twiss's  Life  of  Lord  Eldon, 
vol.  ii.  p.  59. 

The  greatest  commiseration  was  felt  in  England  for  the 
fate  of  the  unhappy  Danes,  involved,  against  their  will,  in 
the  quarrel  of  the  two  mighty  belligerents.  A  friendly 
feeling  towards  the  Danes  had  long  been  entertained  by  the 
English,  and  they  deplored  the  stern  necessity  dictated  by 
the  duty  of  self-preservation.  They  hailed,  however,  with 
satisfaction  the  infusion  of  new  vigour  into  the  British 
Councils.  The  projection  of  the  measure  was  attributed  to 
the  energetic  counsels  of  the  Foreign  Secretary,  and  Can- 
ning was  henceforward  regarded  as  the  most  efficient  mem- 
ber of  the  Administration.  He  was  equally  powerful  in 
the  Cabinet  and  the  Senate.  As  we  shall  not  have  to  speak 
again  of  Mr.  Canning,  we  will  here  give  a  character  of  his 
oratory,  drawn  by  the  skilful  hand  of  one  who  was  an  eye- 
witness of  its  eflfects.  *^  Among  our  own  orators,  Mr. 
Canning  seems  to  have  been  the  best  model  of  the  adorned 
style.  The  splendid  and  sublime  descriptions  of  Mr.  Burke 
— ^his  comprehensive  and  profound  views  of  general  prin- 
ciple— though  they  must  ever  delight  and  instruct  the 
reader,  must  be  owned  to  have  been  digressions,  which 
diverted  the  mind  of  the  hearer  from  the  object  on  which 
the  speaker  ought  to  have  kept  it  steadily  fixed.  Sheridan, 
a  man  of  admirable  sense  and  matchless  wit,  laboured  to 
follow  Burke  into  the  foreign  regions  of  feeling  and  gran- 
deur.    The  specimeus  preserved  of  his  most  celebrated 


/ 


314  gillray's  caricatures. 

spooches  shew  too  mucli  of  the  exaggeration  and  excess  to 
which  those  are  peculiarly  liable  who  seek  by  art  and 
efifort  what  Nature  has  denied.  By  the  constant  part  which 
Mr.  Canning  took  in  debate^  he  was  called  upon  to  shew  a 
knowledge^  which  Mr.  Sheridan  did  not  possess^^  and  a 
readiness  which  that  accomplished  man  had  no  sucli  means 
of  strengthening  and  displaying.  In  some  qualities  of  style 
Mr.  Canning  surpassed  Mr.  Pitt.  His  diction  was  more 
various^  sometimes  more  simple^  more  idiomatical^  even  in 
its  more  elevated  parts.  It  sparkled  with  imagery^  and 
was  brightened  by  illustration ;  in  both  of  which  Mr.  Pitt, 
for  so  great  an  orator,  was  defective. 

'^No  English  speaker  used  the  keen  and  brilliant  weapon 
of  wit  so  long,t  so  often,  or  so  effectively,  as  Mr.  Canning. 
He  gained  more  triumphs,  and  incurred  more  enmity  by  it 
than  by  any  other.  Those  whose  importance  depends  much 
on  birth  and  fortune,  are  impatient  of  seeing  their  own 
artificial  dignity,  or  that  of  their  order,  broken  down  by 
derision ;  and,  perhaps,  few  men  heartily  forgive  a  success- 
ful jest  against  themselves,  but  those  who  are  conscioas  of 
being  unhurt  by  it.  Mr.  Canning  often  exercised  this 
talent  imprudently 4    In  sudden  flashes  of  wit,  and  in  the 

*  ThiB  strictare  seems  anfoanded.  Sheridan*8  speech  on  the  Begum  qaes- 
tion  evinced  extensive  knowledge,  and  consnmmate  skill  in  arranging  the 
details  of  a  complicated  subject,  and  placing  them  in  an  intelligible  shape 
before  his  audience.  Numerous  other  instances  might  be  adduced.  It  moat 
be  remembered,  too,  that  Canning  usually  possessed  a  very  great  advantage 
over  Sheridan  in  addressing  the  House,  as  he  generally  spoke  from  official 
information,  to  which  he  had  access,  even  long  before  ho  possessed  a  seat  in 
the  Cabinet. 

t  This  can  scarcely  be  said,  Sheridan  became  Member  for  Stafford  in  1780, 
and  continued  in  Parliament  until  1811,  a  period  of  31  years.  Canning 
entered  Parliament  in  1793,  and  died  in  1827,  a  period  of  34  years.  A  slight 
difference. 

X  We  may  apply  the  following  observation  of  Dryden  to  Canning  :  "  The 
most  severe  censor  cannot  but  be  pleased  with  the  prodigality  of  his  wit, 
though  at  the  same  time  he  could  have  wished  the  master  of  it  had  been  a 
better  manager." 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  315 

playful  description  of  men  and  things,  he  was  often 
distinguished  by  that  natural  felicity  which  is  the  charm 
of  pleasantry ;  to  which  the  air  of  art  and  labour  is  more 
fatal  than  to  any  other  talent/' — "  It  cannot  be  denied 
that  Mr.  Canning's  taste  was  somewhat  influenced  by  the 
example  of  his  early  friend  (Sheridan).  The  exuberance 
of  fancy  and  wit  lessened  the  gravity  of  his  general  manner, 
and  perhaps  also  indisposed  the  audience  to  feel  his  earnest- 
ness, where  it  clearly  shewed  itself.  In  that  important 
quality  he  was  inferior  to  Mr.  Pitt, — 


it 


Deep  on  whose  front  engraven, 


Deliberation  sat  and  pnblic  care  ;"* 

and  no  less  inferior  to  Mr.  Fox,  whose  fervid  eloquence 
flowed  from  the  love  of  his  country,  the  scorn  of  baseness, 
and  the  hatred  of  cruelty,  which  were  the  ruling  passions 
of  his  nature.'* — Miscellaneous  Works  of  Sir  James 
Mackintosh,  vol.  ii.  p.  159. 

The  preceding  extract  is  highly  characteristic  of  Can- 
ning's oratory;  we  cannot  conclude  without  presenting 
to  the  reader  the  following  admirable  sketch  of  Can- 
ning's general  character,  drawn  by  the  pen  of  the  same 
distinguished  writer : — 

"  He  was,"  says  Sir  James  Mackintosh,  '*  a  man  of  fine 
and  brilliant  genius,  of  warm  affections,  of  high  and  gene- 
rous spirit,  a  statesman  who  at  home  converted  most  of 
his  opponents  into  warm  supporters  ;  who  abroad  was  the 
sole  hope  and  trust  of  all  who  sought  an  orderly  and  legal 
liberty,  and  who  was  cut  off  in  the  midst  of  vigorous  and 
splendid  measures,  which,  if  executed  by  himself,  or  with 
his  own  spirit,  promised  to  place  his  name  in  the  first  class 
of  rulers,  among  the  founders  of  lasting  peace,  and  the 
guardians  of  human  improvement." 

*  MiIton*8  Paradise  Lost,  book  ii. 


316  qillbay's  caricatures. 

344. 

BROAD  BOTTOMED  DRONES  STORMING  A 
HIVE.  WASPS,  HORNETS,  AND  HUMBLE 
BEES    JOINING    IN    THE    ATTACK. 

May  2nd,  1808. 

LORD  SIDMOUTH.  LORD  ELLENBOROUGH.  DUKE  OF  BEDFORD. 
WINDHAM.  LORD  CARLISLE.  LORD  SPENCER.  DUKE  OF 
NORFOLK.  LORD  ST.  VINCENT.  COURTNEY.  LORD  LAUDER- 
DALE. SHERIDAN.  HORNE  TOOKE.  DUKE  OF  CLARENCE. 
LORD  ERSKINE.  SIR  F.  BURDETT.  LORD  MOIRA.         LORD 

DERBY.  TIERNEY.  MARQUIS  OF  BUCKINGHAM.  LORD 

TEMPLE.    WINDHAM.    LORD  GRENVILLE.     WHITBREAD.      LORD 
H.  PETTY.      LORD  HAWKESBURY.      JX)RD  ELDON.      CANNING. 

The  two  parties.  Ministers  and  Opposition,  fighting  for 
the  Treasury  hive. 

345. 

L'ENFANT  TROUVE ;  A  SAMPLE  OP  ROMAN 
CHARITY.  May  19th,  1808. 

LORD  NUGENT.  LORD  TEMPLE.  MARQUIS  OF  BUCKINGHAM. 

MARCHIONESS  OF  BUCKINGHAM.      RIGHT  HON.  THOMAS  ORSN- 
VILLB.         LORD  GRENVILLE. 

It  was  currently  reported  about  this  time  that  a  basket 
containing  a  female  infant,  with  a  ticket  addressed  to  the 
Marchioness  of  Buckingham,  was  left  at  the  door  of  the 
Marquis  of  Buckingham  in  Pall  Mall.  The  Marquis 
directed  the  child  to  be  carefully  conveyed  to  the  work- 
house. 

Gillray  has  placed  the  following  inscription  under  this 
print — '*  L'Enf  ant  Trouve :  a  sample  of  Roman  Charity!  or, 
the  misfortune  of  not  being  bom  with  marks  of  the  Talent. 
What !  a  relation  to  the  Broad-bottoms  !  O  Sainte  Marie  I 
Why,  there's  not  the  least  appearance  of  it ;  therefore 
take  it  away  to  the  workhouse  directly.*' 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  317 

The  Marquis  of  Buckingham's  black  servant  has  just 
brought  a  basket,  containing  a  child,  into  the  parlour; 
his  astonished  eyes  are  nearly  starting  from  their  sockets, 
while  he  deposits  it  upon  the  table.  The  whole  Grenville 
family  is  present.  The  playful  little  innocent  is  kicking 
up  its  heels,  and  unconsciously  exhibiting  the  lower  part  of 
its  person.  The  Marquis  of  Buckingham  has  started  from 
his  chair,  and  put  on  his  spectacles  to  examine  the  child 
carefully.  He  seems  to  exclaim — '^Ede  notam  tanti 
ORNEBis  ;"*  but  the  infallible  Broad-bottom  mark  is  want- 
ing, and  he  repudiates  the  child.  The  Marchioness,  dressed 
as  a  Tiady  Abbess,  seeks  in  vain  for  the  true  sign.  Lord 
Nugent,  Lord  Temple,  the  Right  Hon.  Thomas  Grenville, 
and  Lord  Grenville,  are  decidedly  of  opinion  that  there 
cannot  be  any  aflSnity,  where  the  never-failing  criterion  is 
wanting ;  it  is  therefore  unanimously  resolved  to  commit 
the  infant  to  the  tender  mercies  and  benignant  superin- 
tendence of  the  parish  officers.  The  drawers  of  the  table, 
on  which  the  basket  and  child  are  placed,  are  labelled — 
"  Listsof  Pensions,  Lists  of  Places,  andLists  of  Sinecures." 
^  Lists  of  Crown  Grants,''  intended  to  indicate  that  a  more 
kind  and  generous  treatment  of  a  helpless  and  abandoned 
infant  might  have  been  expected ;  but  it  must  be  owned 
that  if  a  foundling,  placed  at  the  door  of  a  wealthy  family, 
were  to  be  received  and  brought  up,  "another  and  another 
would  still  succeed  with  unenviable  frequency. 


346. 

THE  SPANISH  BULL  FIGHT ;   OR,  THE    CORSI- 
CAN  MATADOR  IN  DANGER.       July  llth,  1808. 

On  the  general  rising  in  the  Peninsula  against  the 
French,  in  1808,  which  led  to  the  Peninsular  War,  and 
ultimately  to  the  deliverance  of  Europe  from  the  tyranny 

*  Ovidii  MetamorphoseoD,  lib.  i.  ▼.  761. 


n 


318  GILLRAY^S   CARICATUEES. 

pf  Napoleon.*  The  scene  is  the  ''  Theatre  de  rEurope.'* 
The  Spanish  Bull  has  a  "  Corsican  chain*'  round  his  neck. 
He  has  trampled  the  usurper  Joseph  under  his  feet ;  a 
crown  is  on  his  head^  and  he  grasps  a  paper  in  his  hand 
inscribed  "  Coronation  de  Joseph  Buonaparte^  Rex  Espag- 
nol, — Gibraltar/'  The  Spanish  Bull  having  disposed  of 
Joseph,  has  just  tossed  Napoleon  himself  into  the  air ;  from 
his  hand  has  dropped  his  "  Plan  pour  subjuguer  le  Monde/' 
The  Prussian,  Dutch,  and  Danish  Bulls  are  '^  Wounded 
Bulls  bellowing  for  help."  In  the  boxes  of  the  "  Theatre 
de  I'Europe"  are  seen  George  III.  looking  through  an 
opera-glass,  with  a  pitchfork  in  his  right  hand ;  the  Pope 
holding  a  ''Bull  for  excommunicating  the  Corsican 
Usurper ;"  and  various  European  and  Eastern  Potentates 
looking  on  with  delight  at  the  successful  resistance  of  the 
Spanish  bull. 

Gillray  has  placed  at  the  top  of  this  Print  the  following 
inscription  from  Baretti's  Travels :  "  The  Spam'sh  bull  is 
so  remarkable  for  spirit,  that  unless  the  Matador  strikes 
him  dead  at  the  first  blow,  the  bull  is  sure  to  destroy 
him." 

347. 

THE  VALLEY  OP  THE  SHADOW  OP  DEATH. 

Septe7nber  24th,  1808. 

Buonaparte  has  entered  "the  Valley  of  Death," 
sword  in  hand,  prepared  to  encounter  opposition,  but  he 
recoils  at  the  appearance  of  sights,  which  might  have 
appalled  the  stoutest  nerves.  The  *'  Leo  Britannicus*'  is 
rushing  upon  him, — the  Sicilian  Terrier  menaces  him. 
The  "  Portuguese  Wolf*  is  springing  at  him.  Death, 
mounted  on  a  horse  of  the  "  True  Royal  Spanish  breed," 

*  Talleyrand  earaeatlj  endeavoured  to  diflsnade  Napoleon  from  attempting 
the  con(|ne8t  of  Spain,  and  predicted  it  would  bo  <*  Lb  Commencbmsht  db 
LA  Fin." 


POUTTCAL   SERIES.  319 

0 

holds  up  an  "  hour-glass  *'  to  his  affrighted  eyes,  and  is 
preparing  to  strike  with  his  dart.  The  thunders  of  the 
Church  are  fulminated  against  him.  The  departed  spirit 
of  Junot  says^  ''  Bemember  Junot  ;'*  and  that  of  Dupont, 
"Remember  Dupont.**  *'The  Turkish  new  moon  is 
rising  in  blood/*  and  "British  Influence**  has  obscured 
'*  French  Infli!ence.'* — The  spirit  of  Charles  XII.  holds  a 
drawn  sword  over  Napoleon,  prepared  to  avenge  the 
wrongs  of  Sweden.  The  imperial  Eagle  of  Austria  is 
emerging  from  a  cloud.  While  these  perils  beset  Napo- 
leon in  the  front  and  on  his  side,  the  Bussian  Bear  has 
broken  his  chain,  and  menaces  him  in  the  rear. — "  The 
Prussian  Scare-crow  is  attempting  to  fly  at  him.**  "  The 
Rhenish  Confederation  of  starved  Bats,  crawling  out  of 
the  mud,**  are  ravenously  pressing  towards  him. — "Dutch 
Frogs  spitting  out  their  spite,**  are  emerging  from  the 
"Lethean  ditch;'*  and  the  '^American  Battle-snake  is 
shaking  his  tail,**  and  spitting  venom  at  him.  Napoleon's 
brother  Joseph,  the  ex-king  of  Spain,  has  fallen  into  the 
"  Ditch  of  Styx,**  and  is  floundering  in  the  water  without 
hope  of  emerging. 

This  print  is  intended  to  shew  that  the  success  of  the 
Spanish  Insurrection  against  France,  the  expulsion  of  the 
usurper  Joseph  from  Spain,  and  the  success  of  the  British 
arms  in  the  Peninsula  had  encouraged  a  general  resistance 
to  the  progress  of  the  French  arms.  An  infatuation  had 
prevailed  throughout  Europe  that  the  French  army  was 
irresistible,  —  the  charm  once  broken,  the  European 
armies  fought  with  gallantry  and  confidence,  and  con- 
quered;— ^^ possunt  quia  posse  videntur" 

The  vengeance  of  the  oppressed  has  pursued  Napoloon. 

** ct  extra 

Processit  looge  flammantia  Moenia  Mandi.'* 

Lucretius,  lib.  i. 


21 


\ 


320  gtllray's  caricatures. 

348. 

SPANISH  PATRIOTS  ATTACKING  THE  FRENCH 
BANDITTI  —  LOYAL  BRITONS  LENDING  A 
LIFT.  August  15th,  1808. 

The  universal  rising  in  Spain,  and  the  hatred  raised 
there  by  French  tyranny  and  cruelty,  were  at  this  time  a 
subject  of  great  public  agitation  in  England,  and  this  was 
one  of  the  prints  sent  abroad  to  keep  up  the  excitement. 


349.^ 

THE  LOYAL  ADDRESS ;  OR,  THE  PROCESSION 
OP  THE  HAMPSHIRE  HOGS  FROM  BOTLEY 
TO  ST.  JAMES'S.  October  20th,  1808. 

SHERIDAN.  LORD  LAUDERDALE.  BOSVILLE.  SIB  F.  BUBDBTT. 
LORD  H.  PETTY.  COBBETT.  WINDHAM.  LORD  SIDICOUTH. 
LOBD   QBENVILLE.         LORD   HOWICK. 

Cobbett  is  seated  on  his  "Political  Hog  Trough.*'  The 
trough  is  drawn  by  Hampshire  Hogs.  Behind  him  is  held 
up  **  The  Loyal  Petition  of  the  Noble  and  Truly  Inde- 
pendent Hogs  of  Hampshire,  humbly  shewing  that  the 
convention  with  Junot  was  a  cursed  humbug  upon  Old 
England,  and  that  the  three  damned  Convention  Signers 
ought  to  be  hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered,  without  judge 
or  jury.''  Sir  Francis  Burdett  is  driving  the  hogs  attached 
to  the  trough  with  a  cart-whip.  Cobbett  is  preceded  by 
men  carrying  flags,  in  scribed,  "The  Botley  Patriot  and  his 
Hogs  for  ever.*'  "  No  Chevaliers  du  Bain.'* — "  Given  up 
to  Junot  all  the  plunder,  all  the  horses,  all  the  arms.  O 
Diable !  0  Diable ! !  '*  On  another  flag  is  painted  a  repre- 
sentation of  the  '*  Due  d'Abrantes  ratifying  the  Conven- 
tion." Bosville  is  distributing  ^'  Pig's  meat"  {id  est,  money) 
among  the  swinish  multitude.     Lord  Grenville^  Lord  Sid- 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  321 

mouth,  and  Lord  Howick,  are  helping  to  shove  the  hog 
trough  along  iu  its  progress.  Attached  to  the  hog  trough 
are  various  references  to  the  Political  Register.  A  man 
is  carrying  a  banner,  inscribed  "  Triumph  in  Portugal/'  a 
new  catch,  to  be  sung  by  the  Hampshire  Hogs,  to  the 
tune  of  *'  Three  Jolly  Boys  all  in  a  Row.'*  By  the  side  of 
the  banner  are  *'  Three  Grallows,"  on  which  are  hanging 
"Sir  Hugh''  (Dalrymple);  '^ Sir  Arthur''  (Wellesley,  now 
Duke  of  Wellington) ;  and  ''  Sir  David"  (Baird)  j  the 
''Three  Jolly  Boys"  who  signed  the  Convention  with 
Junot  at  Cintra." 

Upon  the  indignation  excited  in  England  by  the  Con- 
vention of  Cintra,  concluded  on  the  30th  of  August, 
1808,  by  which  the  French  army  was  allowed  to  evacuate 
Portugal  upon  what  was  considered  far  too  favourable 
terms.  The  first  petition  ridiculed  in  this  print,  is  repre- 
sented as  led  by  Cobbett,  who  made  a  fierce  attack  upon 
Ministers  in  the  Political  Register,  and  had  a  principal 
hand  in  keeping  up  the  agitation.  A  suppressed  stanza  of 
''  Childe  Harold"  has  been  quoted,  describing  the  effect 
of  the  news  of  the  Convention  when  it  reached  England. 


« 


Pens,  tongaet,  feet,  hands,  combined  in  wild  uproar  ; 
Mayor,  aldermen,  laid  down  th'  aplif  ted  fork  ; 
The  bench  of  bishops  half  forgot  to  snore  : 
Stem  Cobbett,  who  for  one  whole  week  forbore 
To  question  angbt,  once  more  with  transport  leapt, 
And  bit  his  derilish  qnill  again,  and  swore 
With  foe  such  treaQr  never  should  be  kept : 
Then  burst  the  blatant  beast,  and  roar'd,  and  raged,  and — ^slept." 


21  * 


322  qillrat's  caricatures. 

350. 
PATRIOTIC    PETITIONS    ON    THE    CONVEN- 

TION. 

THE    COCKNEY    PETITION. 

SIB  C.    FLOWER  AND   ALDERMAN   WAITHMAN. 

THE    WESTMINSTER    PETITION. 

HORNE  TOOKE.        SIR   F.   BURDETT.         SHERIDAN.        BOSYILLE. 

WISHART. 

THE    CHELMSFORD    PETITION. 

LORD  H.  PETTT.     MARQUIS  OF  BUCKINGHAM.     EARL  ST.  VINCENT. 

WINDHAM.  LORD  TEMPLE. 

THE  MIDDLESEX  PETITION. 

PAUL.  COUNSELLOR   CLIFFORD.  BTNG. 

This  print  was  intended  as  a  Satire  on  the  addresses 
presented  to  the  King^  condemning  the  Convention  made 
at  Cintra,  by  which  the  French  were  enabled  to  evacuate 
Portugal  unmolested,  and  praying  that  an  inquiry  might 
be  made  into  the  subject. 

This  print  is  divided  into  four  compartments.  On  the 
upper  compartment,  on  the  left  of  the  spectator,  ''the 
Cockney  Petition"  (that  is,  the  Petition  of  the  Corporation 
of  London),  has  just  been  presented  to  the  King  by  the 
Recorder.  The  mover  and  seconder  of  the  Address  are 
Mr.  Noodle  and  Mr.  Doodle  (Aldermen  Waithman  and 
Flower).  The  King, addressing  Noodle  (Waithman),  says, 
''  Petition  me ! — no  such  petitions,  Mr.  Noodle.*'  And 
to  Doodle  (Flower)  the  King  says,  ''  No  Knighting  to- 
day, Mr.  Doodle  !'*  It  was  said  that  Alderman  Flower 
had  flattered  himself  with  being  knighted  on  the  occasion 
of  presenting  the  Address.  Waithman,  bowing  very  low, 
says,  "  Humble  Petition,  my  Liege.*'  Flower  is  bowing 
very  low  and  reverentially.  In  his  pocket  is  seen  a  paper, 
"  Mover,  Mr.  Noodle  ;  Seconder,  Mr.  Doodle.** 

The  upper  compartment  on  the  right  represents  Horse 


POUTICAL  SERIES. 


823 


Tooke's  bed-room.  He  is  Ul  in  bed.  Sheridan,  Bosville, 
and  Wishart,  the  tobacconist  in  Coventry  Street,  an  ardent 
Whig,  who  had  several  times  had  the  honour  of  proposing 
Fox  for  Westminster,  have  brought  the  Westminster  Peti- 
tion to  submit  to  Tooke's  inspection ;  but  Tooke,  having 
raised  himself  up  in  bed,  say  to  Burdett,  "  Out  with 
them  !  They  are  too  bad  for  us  !'*  Burdett  is  kicking 
Sheridan,  and  is  about  to  cudgel  the  three  Petitioners  with 
the  "  Club  of  Reform.''  He  exclaims,  "  Out,  monsters ! 
havn't  they  cleared  Portugal  of  the  enemy's  army  V  In 
Wishart's  pocket  is  seen  "  Republican  Snuff."  By  Tooke's 
bed-side  is  placed  "Cobbett's  Weekly  Political  Register." 

On  the  lower  left  compartment  is  the  "  Chelmsford  Peti- 
tion." The  Broad-bottom  Patriots  are  addressing  the 
Essex  Calves  I  The  Marquis  of  Buckingham  says,  "Aye, 
it's  all  for  want  of  us !"  Earl  St.  Vincent  exclaims,  "  O 
this  cursed  Convention !  It's  all  the  fault  of  the  damn'd 
Ministry,  by  not  sending  me  out  to  Portugal !  0  damme, 
if  I  had  had  but  one  of  my  legs  in  the  Tagus,  I'd  have 
Convention'd  and  Abrantes'd  em !  Ah,  it  was  all  for  want 
of  ME,  Grentlemen  Calves  !  It's  all  for  want  of  me  that  all 
this  happened  !  All  for  want  of  me."  He  is  leaning  on 
a  crutch  held  in  his  right  hand ;  in  his  left  he  holds  the 
"  Essex  Petition.  Horrid  Convention.  Ministers  firing  the 
Park  guns.  Armistice  in  French  lingos."  On  a  sign-board 
is  painted,  "  Essex  Calves,  to  be  sold  to  the  best  bidder. 
For  particulars  inquire  at  the  Broad-bottom  market." 

The  lower  compartment  on  the  right  represents  the 
Meeting  of  the  Middlesex  Freeholders  at  Hackney.  Paull 
is  addressing  the  Meeting,  "  0  infamous  Convention  1 
Inquiry  won't  do  I  Instant  justice !  Cut  off  their  heads, 
and  try  them  afterwards  !"  Clifford,  the  barrister,  holds 
up  the  "Middlesex  Petition."  Byng,  the  universally 
respected  Byng,  has  his  hat  in  his  hand,  and  is  about  to 
address  his  constituents  ;  a  reporter  is  preparing  to  take 
down  his  speech. 


32i  gillray's  caricatures. 

After  the  decisive  victory  obtained  at  Vimiera,  by  Sir 
Arthur  Wellesley^  Jiinot  felt  it  was  impossible  to  maintain 
his  position^  and  was  afraid  he  should  be  surrounded  and 
overpowered  by  the  British  and  Portuguese  armies ;  he 
therefore  sent  General  Kellerman,  with  a  flag  of  truce,  to 
propose  an  armistice,  and  an  offer  to  enter  into  a  conven- 
tion for  the  evacuation  of  Portugal.  This  was  agreed  to 
by  Sir  Hugh  Dalrymple.  When  the  news  of  the  battle 
of  Vimiera  reached  England,  the  nation  was  overjoyed. 
Ministers  ordered  the  Park  and  Tower  guns  to  be  fired  at 
ten  o'clock  at  night.  The  Convention  was  signed  on  the 
80th  of  August,  by  "  George  Murray,  Quartermaster 
GeneraV  and  "Kellerman,  G^niral  de  Division."  By 
this  it  was  agreed  that  "  The  French  were  not  in  any  case 
to  be  considered  prisoners-of-  war ;  all  the  individuals  who 
composed  the  French  army  were  to  be  transported  to 
France,  with  their  arms  and  baggage,  and  the  whole  of 
their  private  property,  from  which  nothing  was  to  be 
excepted.  All  the  artillery  of  French  calibre,  and  the 
French  cavalry  horses  were  to  be  sent  to  France.''  It  was 
also  inrther  stipulated  that  when  the  English  army  and 
fleet  got  possession  of  the  town  and  port  of  Lisbon,  "they 
were  not  to  molest  the  Russian  squadron  during  its  con- 
tinuance in  the  Tagus,  nor  stop  it  when  its  commander 
wished  to  sail,  nor  pursue  it  after  it  had  sailed,  until  the 
time  fixed  by  maritime  law.*' 

The  Portuguese  were  exasperated  at  the  terms  of  the 
Convention ;  they  complained  bitterly  that  the  French 
should  be  allowed  to  carry  ofi*  all  their  plunder  under  the 
designation  of  private  property. 

The  English  Admiral,  Sir  Charles  Cotton,  refused  to 
agree  to  the  article  in  the  Armistice  for  the  departure  of 
^•>ie  Russian  fleet ;  but  signed  a  separate  convention  with 
the  Russian  Admiral,  that  the  Russian  fleet  should  be 
delivered  up  to  the  English  as  a  deposit  until  six  months 
after  the  peace  between  England  and  liussia. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  325 

As  soon  as  the  terms  of  the  Convention  wore  known  in 
London^  they  excited  general  dissatisfaction.  We  were 
represented  to  have  lost  by  negotiation  all  the  advantages 
gained  by  our  arms.  Numerous  public  meetings  were 
held^  in  which  strong  resolutions  were  passed  condemning 
the  terms  of  the  Convention,  and  they  were  embodied  in 
petitions  to  the  King,  praying  for  an  investigation  into  the 
subject.  Public  opinion  was  so  strongly  expressed  in  all 
p€u*ts  of  the  country,  and  re-echoed  from  Portugal,  that 
the  Commander-in-Chief  ordered  a  Board  of  Inquiry  to  be 
held  at  Chelsea.  It  consisted  of  seven  Greneral  Officers, 
and  was  presided  over  by  Sir  David  Dundas.  It  met  on 
the  14th  of  November.  The  Board  reported  that  it  was 
extremely  difficult  to  form  a  satisfactory  opinion,  as  the 
evidence  was  conflicting,  but  that  a  great  advantage  was 
gained  by  the  evacuation  of  Portugal.  The  King  was  not 
satisfied  with  this  report,  and  the  Commander-in-Chief 
(the  Duke  of  York)  sent  it  back  for  the  reconsideration  of 
the  Members  of  the  Board.  Their  second  report  was  nearly 
the  same  in  substance.  All  further  proceedings  were 
dropped.  Sir  Hugh  Dalrymple,  however,  had  lost  the 
confidence  of  the  Crown,  the  army,  and  the  public,  and 
he  was  never  again  employed  to  command  any  expedition. 

351. 
DISCIPLES     CATCHING    THE    MANTLE:     THE 
SPIRIT     OF     DARKNESS     OVERSHADOWING 
THE   PRIESTS   OP  BAAL.  June  28th,  1808. 

DUKB   OF  PORTLAND.  LORD   LIVERPOOL.  LORD   ELDON. 

CANNING.  LORD   CASTLERBAGH.  PERCEVAL.  PITT. 

LORD   GRENVILLE.  LORD    HOWICK.         WINDHAM.  LORD 

LAUDERDALE.       GHOST  OF  FOX.       WillTfiREAD.        MARQUIS  OF 
BUCKINGHAM.  LORD   ERSKINE.  LORD   ST.   VINCENT. 

SHERIDAN.         LORD   SIDMOUTH.         LORD  MOIRA.         DUKE   OF 
BEDFORD. 

This  is  a  parody  on   the  Scriptiu'o  history  of  Elijah 


326  OILLRAY^S   CARICATURES. 

ascending  into  heaven  in  a  "  chariot  of  fire,*'  drawn  by 
"  horses  of  fire/*  and  his  mantle  descending  on  Elisha. 
It  is  applied  to  the  recently-appointed  Administration  of 
the  Duke  of  Portland.  ''  The  Altar  of  the  Constitution*' 
is  erected  on  "  The  Rock  of  Ages  ;**  upon  it  is  placed  the 
Bible  and  Crown.  "  Magna  Charta,  Fortitude  and  Pru- 
dence** surround  the  Altar.  The  members  of  the  new 
Cabinet  are  assembled  around  the  altar ;  their  attention  is 
suddenly  attracted  to  the  luminous  appearance  of  the 
Spirit  of  their  political  Elijah,  drawn  in  a  chariot  of  fire, 
by  horses  of  fire,  through  the  celestial  atmosphere  to  the 
region  of  immortality.  In  his  progress  he  drops  his  man- 
tie,  and  his  disciples  are  endeavouring  to  catch  it,  hoping 
to  derive  inspiration  from  it.  The  Duke  of  Portland,  Lord 
Eldon  and  Perceval  are  kneeling  with  their  hands  raised 
upwards.  Lord  Liverpool,  Canning,  Lord  Castlereagh, 
and  their  colleagues  are  anxiously  endeavouring  to  catch 
the  mantle  and  its  inspiration.  On  the  right  of  the  print 
is  seen  the  departed  spirit  of  Fox  hovering  over  his  dis- 
ciples, and  dropping  his  ''Republican  Mantle**  and  *' Torch 
of  Discord**  among  them.  Lord  Grenville  is  standing  on 
the  "  Broad-Bottom  Dunghill  ;**  he  derives  '^  comfort" 
from  ''Charley*s  old  Breeches.**  Lord  Howick  is  appalled 
by  the  splendid  appearance  of  Pitt,  and  the  Suake  of  Envy 
twined  round  his  body  is  hissing  at  the  chariot  and  the 
rider.  The  mask  drops  from  Windbam*s  astonished  face. 
The  affrighted  Marquis  of  Buckingham  drops  the  tiara 
from  his  head,  and  the  pastoral  crook  from  his  hand. 
Egahte  (the  Duke  of  Bedford),  Lord  Moira  and  Lord 
Erskine  are  confounded.  Lord  Sidmouth,  overpowered 
by  the  effects  of  this  "  gentle  emetic,**  has  fallen  down  on 
his  back,  and  is  kicking  his  legs  up  in  the  air;  the 
affrighted  Earl  St.  Vincent  has  taken  refuge  between  his 
friend  the  Doctol*'s  legs.  Sir  Francis  Burdett,  as  Guy 
Fawkes,  is  hurrying  off  with  the  Catholic  Petition  under  his 
ai*m.    lie  has  dropt  his  dark  lantern  upon  a  bai*rel  belong- 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  327 

ing  to  the  ''Gunpowder  Brewery,'' from  which  Whitbread's 
head  is  seen  emerging. 

We  are  not  enabled  to  judge  on  whom  "  The  Mantle'' 
descended ;  on  some  of  Pitt's  disciples  it  must  have 
certainly  set  awry.  The  Portland  Administration  was 
avowedly  formed  on  Ultra-Protestant  principles,  or  a  reso- 
lute determination  to  resist  at  all  times  any  relaxation  of 
the  laws  against  the  Catholics.  Perceval  was  most  sincere 
in  this  determination ;  but  Canning  privately  approved 
the  measure  of  the  late  Ministers,  and  was  eventually  one 
of  the  most  powerful  and  eloquent  advocates  of  Catholic 
Emancipation.  Lord  Castlereagh,  when  Secretary  for 
Ireland,  had  gained  over  many  of  the  leading  Catholics  by 
holding  ont  to  them  the  hope  of  their  gaining  emancipa- 
tion from  the  Imperial  Parliament,  which  would  certainly 
not  be  granted  by  the  Irish  Parliament ;  and  Lord  Cam- 
den, who  had  been  Lord-Lieutenant  of  Ireland,  would  have 
been  friendly  to  the  measure,  but  was  influenced  by  defe- 
rence to  the  feelings  of  the  King.  The  following  curious 
entry  occurs  in  Lord  Malmesbury's  Diary,  Vol.  iv.  p.  370. 
*'  March  19,  1807.  Lord  Camden  is  right  as  to  the 
Catholic  Bill,  hut  like  many  others,  not  so  much  against 
the  principle  of  the  Bill,  as  because  tlie  King  has  declared 
himself,  and  he  conceives  it  to  be  a  sort  of  pledge  he  had 
given  to  Pitt,  that  the  question  must  not  be  mooted 
during  the  King's  life." 

The  series  of  Gillray's  political  prints  is  now  drawing 
to  a  close.  We  shall  therefore  take  this  opportunity  of 
making  some  remarks  on  Lord  Castlereagh. 

Lord  Castlereagh  commenced  his  political  career  in  Ire- 
land. He  was  at  first  an  ardent  supporter  of  Paliamentary 
reform,  but  his  family  connections  opened  office  to  him, 
and  he  saw  a  new  light.  He  was  Secretary  for  Ireland  at 
the  time  the  Legislative  Union  was  brought  forward,  and 
the  success  of  the  measure  may  be  justly  ascribed  chiefly 
to  his  ability  and  exertions.     It  must  be  confessed  he  was 


328  gillray's  caricatures. 

not  always  very  scrupulous  in  the  means  of  effecting  it ; 
the  venality  of  many  of  the  Irish  members  of  Parliament 
was  at  that  time  proverbial ;  we  must  avert  our  eyes  firom 
the  degrading  spectacle,  and  turn  them  to  the  contempla- 
tion of  the  solid  and  permanent  benefit  conferred  on  the 
British  Empire.  The  Legislative  Union  will  ever  form 
one  of  the  brightest  jewels  in  the  Londonderry  coronet. 

When  the  Union  was  effected,  his  services  were  trans- 
ferred to  England.  He  obtained  a  seat  in  Lord  Sidmouth's 
Cabinet,  and  in  Pitt's  on  the  removal  of  Sidmouth.  On 
the  appointment  of  the  Portland  Administration  he  became 
Secretary  for  the  Colonies,  to  which  was  assigned  the 
conduct  of  the  war.  He  was  the  author  of  the  disastrous 
Walcheren  Expedition.  Canning  insisted  on  his  dismissal 
for  incompetency.  The  Duke  of  Portland  was  irresolute, 
and  while  he  hesitated.  Lord  Castlereagh  became  apprised 
of  Canuing^s  application  to  the  Duke.  He  challenged 
Canning,  and  a  duel  took  place  between  them  on  the  2l8t 
of  September,  1809.  Their  resignation  of  office  of  course 
followed.  On  the  death  of  Perceval  Lord  Liverpool  again 
sought  his  services,  and  few  statesmen  ever  exercised 
greater  control  over  public  afiairs  than  Lord  Castlereagh 
did  to  the  time  of  his  death  in  1822.  The  Peace  of  Paris 
in  1814  is  another  jewel  resplendent  in  the  Londonderry 
coronet.*  We  might  have  here  closed  our  remarks  on 
his  official  conduct,  but  the  publication  of  the  Castlereagh 
Papers  by  his  brother,  the  Marquis  of  Londonderry,  dis- 
closes a  fiict,  which  alone  would  be  sufficient  to  confer 
immortality  on  his  name,  and  honour  on  his  judgment.  It 
appears  he  nominated  Lord  Wellington  to  the  command  of 
the  Peninsular  army,  and  enforced  the  appointment  against 
the  wishes  and  remonstrances  of  George  III.  The  fact 
will  probably  be  new  to  most  of  our  readers,  as  very  few 
take  the  trouble  to  peruse  collections  of  State  Papers.    The 

*  Lord  Castlereagh  waK  elected  an  '*  Kxtra  Knight"  of  the  Garter,  Jniift 
9,  1814,  and  became  one  of  the  Constituent  Com]nuiioub,  June  30,  1S17. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  329 

circumstance  is  so  interesting  that  we  shall  print  George 
the  Third's  letter  entire.  "  Windsor  Castle,  Oct.  3,  1809. 
His  Majesty  has  never  been  induced  to  admit  that  Lord 
Castlereagh  was  wanting  in  zeal  or  exertion  in  providing 
for  the  reinforcement  of  his  army  in  Portugal.  On  the 
contrary,  Lord  Castlereagh  must  remember  that  the  King 
was  not  disposed  to  question  the  correctness  of  the  repre- 
sentations made  by  Sir  John  Moore,  which  subsequent 
experience  has  too  fully  confirmed ;  and  although  he  was 
induced  to  yield  to  the  advice  of  his  confidential  servants, 
he  never  could  look  with  satisfaction  to  the  prospect  of 
another  British  army  being  committed  in  Spain,  under  the 
possible  recurrence  of  the  same  difficulties.  It  was  also 
this  impression,  which  prompted  the  King  to  acquiesce  in 
the  appointment  of  so  young  a  Lieutenant-General  as  Lord 
Wellington*  to  the  command  of  the  troops  in  Portugal,  as 
he  hoped  that  this  consideration  would  operate  with  others 
against  any  considerable  odigmentation  of  the  army ;  al- 
though that  augmentation  has  been  since  gradually 
produced  by  events  then  not  foreseen.  In  making  this 
observation  the  King  is  far  from  meaning  to  reflect  upon 
Lord  Wellington,  of  whose  zealous  services  and  abilities 
he  has  the  most  favourable  opinion,  and  whose  subsequent 
conduct  has  proved  him  deserving  of  the  confidence 
reposed  in  him;    but  as  Lord  Castlereagh  has  laid  so 

*  Had  George  III.  forgotten  that  General  Wolfe,  in  the  36th  year  of  hia 
age,  had  captured  Quebec  with  7000  men,  although  defended  by  the  expe- 
rienced Biarqnis  de  Montcalm,  with  20,000  men,  and  the  consequent  surren- 
der of  the  whole  of  Canada  to  Great  Britain  ;  or  did  be  undervalue  the  mili- 
tary policy  of  Lord  Chatham  ?  '*  Considering,"  says  Walpole,  **  that  our 
ancient  officers  had  grown  old  on  a  very  small  portion  of  exi)erience,  which 
by  no  means  compensated  for  the  decay  of  fire  and  vigour,  it  was  Mr.  Pitt's 
practice  to  trust  his  plans  to  the  alertness  and  hopes  of  younger  men.  This 
appeared  particularly  in  the  appointment  of  Wolfe  for  the  enterprise  of  Que- 
bec."—(TFbZpok's  Memoirs  of  George  II.  Vol.  ii.  p.  346.)  It  might  have 
been  expected  that  the  military  genius  and  the  brilliant  achievements  which 
had  already  marked  Lord  Wellington's  career,  would  at  once  have  out- 
weighed the  want  of  a  few  additional  yelurs  in  the  King's  mind.  Uc  was 
already  forty  years  of  age. 


330  gillray's  cahicatubes. 

much  stress  upon  this  pointy  his  Majesty  has  considered 
it  due  to  himself  and  to  Lord  Castlereagh,  to  shew  clearly 
he  had  never  entertained  an  idea  that  there  had  been  any 
neglect  on  his  part  in  providing  for  that  service/' — {See 
Castlereagh  Papers  and  Carrespondence,  Vol.  i.  p.  18.) 

It  only  remains  to  speak  of  Lord  Castlereagh's  Parlia- 
mentary exertions.  He  had  no  pretensions  to  the  charac- 
ter of  an  orator.  His  diction  was  inelegant^  his  sentences 
involved ;  the  extraordinary  phraseology  which  he  some- 
times employed^  and  the  confusion  of  his  metaphors^  would 
sometimes  provoke  the  laugh  or  the  ridicule  of  his  oppo- 
nents ;  as  when  he  descanted  on  '^  the  ignorant  impatience 
of  taxation,^'  or  hoped  "  the  House  would  not  turn  its  back 
on  itself/'  yet,  notwithstanding  these  defects,  he  exercised 
a  powerful  influence  over  the  House  of  Commons,  by  his 
courtesy,  by  his  habits  of  business,  and  the  advantages  he 
derived  from  his  official  information.  If  any  new  or  extra- 
ordinary measure,  even  of  finance,  was  attempted  during 
the  Liverpool  Administration,  the  charge  of  introducing  it 
was  committed  to  Lord  Castlereagh.  He  unhappily  com- 
mitted suicide  by  cutting  his  throat  on  the  12th  of  August, 
1822.  His  friends  said  his  mind  had  been  overworked^ 
and  the  verdict  of  the  Coroner's  inquest  adjudged  the  rash 
act  to  have  been  committed  "  during  a  fit  of  temporary 
insanity."* 

Lord  Grey,  whom  Gillray  has  placed  under  Fox's 
*'  Republican  Mantle,"  was  first  returned  to  Parliament 
for  the  county  of  Northumberland  in  the  year  1786.  He 
had  not  then  quite  attained  his  twenty-first  year,  and 
in  consequence  waited  a  short  time  after  his  return  before 

*  The  Marqnifl  of  Londonderry  has  jast  erected  (1850)  a  monnmental 
statue  to  the  memory  of  his  brother  in  the  north  transept  of  Westminster 
Abbey.  The  figure  is  the  size  of  life.  He  is  represented  in  the  attitude  oi 
speaking.  He  holds  a  scroll  in  his  hand,  inscribed,  **  Tub  Peacb  of 
Paris,  181 1."  The  statae  is  executed  in  the  purest  white  Carrara  marble 
by  J.  Eyan  Thomas.    On  the  pedestal  is  judiciously  inscribed,  **  Ireland 

WILL  KKV£B    FOAG&T    TUE    bXATEbMAK    OM  THE   LEOIbLATlTE   UmIOH." 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  331 

he  took  his  seat  in  the  House.    His  first  speech  was  against 

Pitt's  commercial  treaty  with  France.     He  displayed  so 

much  talent  in  his  early  speeches— his  manner  was  so  dig- 

nified,  and  his  elocution  was  so  graceful  and  impressive — 

that  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  managers  of  Hastings's 

impea.chment.     For  many  years  he  fought,  side  by  side 

with  Fox,  the  battles  of  constitutional  liberty,  advocated 

the  freedom  of  the  press,  resisted  the  suspension  of  the 

Habeas  Corpus  Act  and  the  restrictions  imposed  on  public 

meetings*    He  strenuously  opposed  the  war  with  France, 

and  condemned  every  attempt  of  this  country  to  interfere 

with  the  forms  of  Government  adopted  in  other  countries. 

He  commenced  his  life  as  a  Parliamentary  reformer,  and 

did  not  belie  the  promises  of  his  youth,  but  when  he  became 

Prime  Minister  carried  into  effect  a  more  salutary  and  eflS- 

cient  reform  than  he  himself  originally  contemplated.     It 

was  upon  the  rejection  of  his  motion  for  Parliamentary 

Reform  in  1797,  that  the  secession  of  the  Opposition  took 

place.     Despairing  of  carrying  into  effect  any  proposition 

of  economy  or  reform,  or  inducing  the  Government  to 

listen  to  any  pacific  overtures,  the  Opposition  resolved  to 

discontinue  their  regular  attendance,  and  not  assist  in 

merely  ''registering  the  edicts  of  the  Ministry.'*     Fox 

himself  allowed  the  secession  was  a  measure  of  doubtful 

policy.     On  the  appointment  of  the  Addington  Ministry 

and  the  Peace  of  Amiens,  the  Opposition  resumed  their 

Parliamentary  attendance.      Mr.   Grey  and  Mr.  Thomas 

Grenville  were  principally  instrumental  in  effecting  the 

Foxite  and  Grenville  co-operation  in  Parliament,  which 

overturned  the    Addington   Administration.     We   shall 

pass  over  the  well-known  circumstances  attending  Pitt's 

accession  to  office.     At  his  death  the  Fox  and  Grenville 

Administration  was  formed,  and  Mr.  Grey  became  First 

Lord  of  the  Admiralty,  and,  on  the  death  of  Mr.  Fox, 

Secretary  for  Foreign  Affairs.     The  proposed  admission 

of  Roman  Catholic  officers  into  the  army  and  navy  caused 

the  dissolution  of  the  Ministry. 


332  qillray's  caricatures. 

Lord  Grey  was  once  again  an  active  leader  of  Opposi- 
tion, and  continued  so  in  connection  with  Lord  Grenville; 
until  a  diflTerence  of  opinion  arising  between  these  two 
Statesmen  on  the  Peninsular  War,  Lord  Grenville  retired 
from  Parliament,  and  closed  his  political  life.  Lord  Grey 
became  comparatively  inactive  in  public  affairs,  until  the 
trial  of  Queen  Caroline.  He  displayed  extraordinary 
ability  in  analysing  the  evidence  adduced  against  her,  and 
vindicated  the  cause  of  a  Princess,  whom  he  represented 
to  have  never  received  the  aflTections  of  a  husband,  but  to 
have  been  insulted  and  oppressed  by  him,  from  the  very 
commencement  of  the  unfortunate  alliance. 

On  the  termination  of  the  proceedings  against  Queen 
Caroline,  Lord  Grey  again  relapsed  into  inactivity.  In 
1827  a  circumstance  occurred,  which  was  the  most  painful 
and  galling  to  the  feelings  of  Lord  Grey  which  he  had 
ever  experienced.  On  the  death  of  the  Earl  of  Liverpool, 
Canning  was  appointed  Prime  Minister.  The  Marquis  of 
Lansdowne,  Lord  Holland,  and  most  of  the  leading  Whigs, 
and  dearest  friends  of  Earl  Grey,  resolved  to  support 
Canning,  hoping  to  secure  thereby  a  more  liberal  system 
of  Government,  and  annihilate  the  predominance  of  Tory 
influence.  The  cause  of  this  excited  feeling  is  thus 
admirably  described  by  the  Reviewer  of  Miss  Martineau's 
*'  History  of  England  during  the  Thirty  Years'  Peace,** 
in  the  Athenceii/ni  of  April  7,  1849.  ''Between  these 
Statesmen  (Canning  and  Grey)  there  had  been  a  feud  of 
twenty  years'  standing;  envenomed  by  sallies  of  wit, 
epigram  and  lampoon*  on  one  side — by  reprisals  of  scorn, 
defiance  and  disdain  on  the  other.  Lord  Grey  believed 
his  own  political  life  to  be  closed  j  his  dearest  and  most 
trusted  associates  had  joined  the  new  Ministry^  and  be 
sat  almost  alone  on  the  Opposition  benches,  surrounded 
by  adversaries  with  whom  he  had  no  sympathy.     It  was 

*  On  Canning's  being  appointed  Secretary  for  Foreign  Affain.  hia  friend 
Lord  Malmesbnry  regrots  '*  his  dangerous  habit  of  qaizssing,  which  he  can* 
not  reftraiQ."— Afaltnesbury'5  Diary,  Vol.  i?.  p.  367. 


POUTICAL    SBRIES.  333 

the  deep  melancholy,  the  resigned  calmness  of  his  memor- 
able speech,  which  rendered  its  invective  so  telling  and 
BO  cutting.  It  was  aptly  compared  by  a  foreign  writer 
to  '  the  frozen  wind,  which  chills,  benumbs  and  renders 
powerless/  It  touched  the  Minister  with  the  icy  finger 
of  death.  Canning  paid  a  heavy  penalty  for  the  spirit  of 
contempt  which  was  the  least  worthy  attribute  of  his 
genius.  It  met  at  last  in  deadly  conflict  the  loftier  spirit 
of  scorn,  and  perished  in  the  contest.*'  Perhaps  the  last 
sentence  is  rather  overstated,  for  the  speeches  of  the 
Duke  of  Wellington  and  others  of  his  former  colleagues 
had  deeply  wounded  his  feelings ;  Canning,  who  never 
spared  sarcasm,  ridicule,  or  ludicrous  allusions  when 
assailing  an  opponent,  was  himself  the  most  sensitive  of 
men. 

We  shall  now  pass  at  once  to  the  appointment  of  Lord 
Grrey  as  Prime  Miniyter.  His  policy  evinced  the  sincerity 
of  his  political  professions  out  of  office.  After  a  most 
arduous  struggle  he  triumphantly  carried  Parliamentary 
Reform,  completed  the  measures  for  the  Abolition  of  the 
Slave  Trade>  and  laid  the  foundation  of  Ecclesiastical 
Reform  in  Ireland  by  consolidating  some  of  the  bishoprics, 
and  applying  the  revenues  of  those  suppressed  and  of  the 
overgrown  livings,  to  the  improvement  of  small  livings, 
and  making  better  provision  for  the  working  Clergy.  He 
also  commenced  the  plan  of  National  Education.  These 
salutary  measures  will  hand  his  name  down  to  posterity 
as  a  benefactor  of  his  country.  Earl  Grey  died  on  the 
17th  of  July^  1845,  in  the  82nd  year  of  his  age. 

352. 
PANDORA    OPENING    HER    BOX. 

February  22nd,  1809. 

MART   ANN    CLARKE. 

The  conception  of  this  print  is  remarkably  happy.  Pan- 
dora (Mrs.  Clarke)  is  standing  at  the  bar  of  the  House  of 


334  GILLRAY^S   CARICATURES. 


» 


Commons.  She  has  just  taken  off  the  "  Cover  of  Infamy 
from  the  ^'  Opposition  Stink  Box/*  Innumerable  serpents 
issue  forth,  hissing  out,  ''  Perjury,  Deceit,  Revenge,  In- 
gratitude, Lies  and  Calumny/'  The  ''  Broad-Bottom 
Eeservoir'*  is  open  to  receive  ''Forged  Letters,'*  ''Forged 
"  Appointments,**  "  Commissions  and  Appointments  to 
the  best  Bidder,**  "  Prices  of  Commissions  in  the  Army, 
A.  Clarke,  Seer.**  "Private  Communwationa  from  his 
Excellency  the  Morocco  Ambassador.'*  "Love  Letters 
from  Mr.  Waddle**  (Col.  Wardle).  "  List  of  Mrs.  Clarke's 
Pensions,**  &c. 

We  will  recall  to  the  recollection  of  the  reader  the  attri- 
butes of  the  mythological  Pandora,  that  he  may  the  better 
perceive  the  felicity  of  the  application  of  the  allegory  in 
this  print.  Jupiter  having  resolved  to  punish  the  pre- 
sumption of  Prometheus  in  stealing  fire  from  heaven,  com- 
manded Vulcan  to  make  a  woman  of  clay,  and  breathe  life 
into  her.  The  deities  of  Olympus  vied  with  each  other  in 
bestowing  accomplishments  and  the  power  of  fascination 
upon  her.  Venus  gave  her  beauty  and  the  art  of  pleasing, 
— the  Graces  imparted  to  her  the  power  of  captivating, — 
Apollo  instructed  her  in  music, — Mercury  endowed  her 
with  eloquence, — Minerva  gave  her  splendid  ornaments. 
Jupiter  presented  her  with  a  beautiful  box,  and  ordered 
her  not  to  open  it  till  she  was  married,  but  present  it  to 
her  husband  on  her  wedding-day.  Mercury  introduced 
her  to  Prometheus ;  the  sagacious  mortal,  however,  dis- 
trusted Jupiter  and  his  present,  and  declined  the  con- 
nection ;  his  less  intuitive  brother,  Epimetheus,  accepted 
the  hand  and  the  box  of  Pandora.  The  fatal  consequences 
are  well  known. 

On  the  27th  of  January,  1809,  Col.  Wardle  brought 
forward  his  charges  against  the  Duke  of  York.  He  ani- 
madverted with  great  energy  on  the  Duke*s  corrupt  abuse 
of  the  Half-Pay  Fund.  The  produce  of  this  Fund  arises 
from  commissions  falling  in  by  the  death  or  dismissal  of 


POLITICAL   SBBIES.  335 

officers  from  the  army ;  when  the  commissions  are  sold^ 
and  the  amount  applied  to  the  purchase  of  commissions 
for  meritorious  officers,  the  Compassionate  Fund,  or  other 
military  purposes.  The  Fund  is  under  the  sole  control 
of  the  Commander-in-chief.  He  said,  he  should  prove 
that,  from  1803  to  1806,  the  Duke  of  York  had  a  mistress, 
Mrs.  Clarke,  living  in  great  splendour  in  Gloucester  Place. 
This  lady  had  a  scale  of  prices  for  the  sale  of  commissions, 
and  he  would  lay  before  the  House  Mrs.  Clarke's  prices 
and  the  regulated  prices. 

Mrs.  Clarke's  Prices.'  Regulated  Prices. 


A  Majority  .  £900 

A  Company  .  700 

A  Lieutenancy  .  400 

An  Ensigncy  .  200 


£2600 
1500 

550 
400 


Every  sale  of  a  commission  effected  by  Mrs.  Clarke  was 
a  loss  to  the  Half-Pay  Fund  of  the  difference  between  her 
price  and  the  regulated  price.  He  then  gave  a  long  detail 
of  sales  effected  by  her,  the  name  and  rank  of  the  officer, 
and  the  sums  paid ;  a  list  of  exchanges  of  commissions  as 
effected  by  her,  &c.  &c.  Her  patronage  was  also  extended 
to  ecclesiastics.  Dr.  O'Meara  wished  **  to  preach  before 
Royalty,''  and  it  was  accomplished  by  the  Duke  of  York's 
influence,  &c.  He  moved  that  a  Committee  of  the  whole 
House  investigate  the  subject.  The  motion  was  agreed  to^ 
and  the  witnesses  ordered  to  be  summoned. 

On  the  1st  of  February,  in  all  the  pride  and  bloom  of 
beauty,  the  lovely  Thais  stood  at  the  bar  of  the  House ; 
her  appearance  created  great  sensation.  Many  a  Member 
doubtless  longed  ''to  take  a  leap  at  her  lips.''*  Her 
examination-in-chief  was  conducted  by  Col.  Wardle.  She 
confirmed  his  opening  statements  by  oral  testimony  and 

*  The  expression  of  the  Page  in  Massinger's  "  Maid  of  Honour/'  Act  II. 
Scene  2. 

22 


336  oillray's  cabicatubes. 

written  documents.  In  her  cross-examination  she  exhi- 
bited extraordinary  self-possession,  quickness  in  repartee> 
and  baffled  her  interrogators  by  the  poignancy  of  her  wit, 
and  exciting  the  laughter  of  the  House  against  them,  and 
sometimes  converted  the  question  intended  to  degrade  her 
into  the  means  of  annoying  the  Duke  of  York.  The 
Attorney-General  asked  if  she  was  not  a  married  woman  f 
She  replied.  You  have  no  reason  to  doubt  it.  "  Have  you 
not  sworn  you  were  a  widow?  ^'  "  Never/'  "  Not  at  a  court- 
martial  V*  "  No.''  "  The  Judge  Advocate,  who  is  present  in 
the  House,  can  affirm  that."  ''  He  had  more  feeling  than 
the  gentleman  who  is  now  examining  me,  and  he  permitted 
me  to  state  that  without  swearing  to  it.  He  knew  that  I 
was  living  with  the  Duke  of  York  at  the  time,  and  that  I 
was  a  married  woman,  and  the  Duke  of  York  a  married 
man.  The  Duke  was  not  aware  that  I  had  not  been 
sworn  to  the  statement  of  being  a  widow,  and  when  I 
applied  to  him  for  a  few  hundreds  after  our  separation,  he 
sent  me  a  message,  threatening  to  have  me  put  into  the 
pillory,  or  into  the  Bastile,  if  I  dared  to  publish  any  of 
his  letters."  Attorney -General : — "Who  brought  that 
message  from  the  Duke  to  you  ?''  "A  very  particular  friend 
of  the  Duke  of  York's."  ''  Who  ?"  ''  One  Taylor,  a  shoe- 
maker  in  Bond  Street,  very  well  known  to  Mr.  Adam."* 
^'By  whom  did  you  send  the  request  to  the  Duke  for  these 
few  hundreds,  to  which  the  Duke  sent  that  answer  by 
Taylor  ?"  ''  By  my  pen."  *'  How  did  you  send  this  letter  ?" 
"  By  the  Ambassador  of  Morocco  ?"  ''  What  do  you  mean  by 
the  Ambassador  of  Morocco  ?"  ''  Taylor,  the  ladies'  shoe- 
maker in  Bond  Street." 

She  invariably  returned  a  prompt  and  keen  retort  to 

questions  asked  solely  for  the  purpose  of  annoyance.     The 

House  listened  with  evident  pleasure  ''  to  the  voice  of  the 

charmer."    Even  the  grave  Wilberforce  made  these  entries 

*  W.  Adam,  Esq.,  afterwards  Chief  Baron  of  Scotland. 


POLITICAL   SEBIES.  337 

in  his  diary.  "This  melancholy  business  will  do  irre- 
parable mischief  to  public  morals^  by  accustoming  the 
public  to  hear  without  emotion  shameless  violation  of 
decency.  The  House  examining  Mrs.  Clarke  for  two 
hours — cross-examining  her  in  the  Old  Bailey  way, — she 
elegantly  dressed,  consummately  impudent,  and  very  cle- 
ver, clearly  got  the  better  in  the  tussle.  A  number  of 
particulars  let  out  about  her  life,  mother,  children,  &c.^^ — 
{Wilberforce's  Life,  Vol.  iii.  p.  402.)  And  again,  "Mrs. 
Clarke,  by  fascinating  the  House,  has  prevented  its  de- 
gradation, by  appearing  to  stifle  the  inquiry,  and  take  too 
strong  a  part  with  the  Duke  of  York.  Curious  to  see  how 
strongly  she  has  won  upon  the  people.'* — (Vol.  iii.  p.  403.) 
In  the  course  of  the  proceedings,  which  lasted  nearly  two 
months,  Mrs.  Clarke  had  stated  that  General  Claveriug 
had  offered  her  a  pecuniary  compliment  to  procure  his 
appointment  to  one  of  the  new  regiments  about  to  be 
raised.  As  the  levy  did  not  take  place,  and  consequently 
no  money  had  been  paid,  the  circumstance  would  have 
passed  unnoticed  by  the  House ;  but  General  Clavering 
had  the  folly  to  obtrude  himself  as  a  voluntary  witness, 
and  solemnly  deny  the  truth  of  the  allegation.  Mrs. 
Clarke  reaffirmed  her  statement,  and  confirmed  her  testi- 
mony by  the  production  of  the  Duke  of  York's  letter  in 
answer  to  the  application.  "  Sandgate,  August  24,  1804. 
Clavering  is  mistaken,  my  angel,  in  thinking  that  any  new 
.regiments  are  to  be  raised ;  it  is  not  intended,  only  second 
battalions  to  the  existing  corps ;  you  had  better,  there- 
fore, tell  him  so,  and  that  you  were  sure  that  there  would 
be  no  use  in  applying  for  him.''  General  Clavering  was 
re-examined,  and  prevaricated  so  grossly,  that  the  House 
committed  him  to  Newgate.  Captain  Sandon  was  also 
committed  for  prevarication  to  the  same  prison.  The  ex- 
amination of  witnesses  at  length  closed,  after  an  interval 
of  nearly  two  months.     Col.  Wardle  summed  up,  and  con- 

22  * 


338  oillbat's  caricatures. 

eluded  by  moving  that  the  Duke  of  York  had  been  guilty 
of  corrupt  practices  and  connivance,  and  praying  for  his 
dismissal  from  the  command  of  the  army.     Mr*  Bankes 
moved  an  amendment,  acquitting  the  Duke  of  York  of 
personal  corruption  or  corrupt  connivance,  but  addressing 
the  Eling  to  remove  the  Duke  for  gross  irregularities  and 
negligence.     In  a  House  consisting  of  nearly  500  Mem- 
bers, Bankes's  amendment  was  lost  only  by  95,  at  a  period 
when  the  influence  of  the  Crown  was  almost  paramount. 
Windham  made  an  admirable  and  most  candid  speech. 
He  analysed  the  proceedings  with  consummate  ability. 
He  said,  the  House  must  narrowly  examine  the  evidence 
of  Mrs.  Clarke ;  she  was  a  partisan.     But  she  had  answered 
eveiy  interrogation  with  frankness  and  openness,  without 
hesitation,  equivocation,  or  evasion.     She  was  a  bad  wit- 
ness giving  good  testimony.    Sometimes,  when  her  parole 
testimony  might  seem  improbable,  she  had  established  it 
by  incontestable  written  documents.     He  acquitted  the 
Duke  of  York  of  personal  corruption  or  connivance,  but 
considered  the  irregularities  which  hadbeen  proved  required 
hi.  ™.o,.l,  if  not  Scipsted  b,  hi,  vol.  A  -ig^". 
He  then  indignantly  anm[iadverted  on  the  conduct  of  Col. 
Wardle,  in  surreptitiously  taking  many  of  the  documents 
from  Mrs.  Clarke's  house  against  her  will  and  remonstrance. 
''  It  did  not  make  greatly  in  favour  of  a  cause  that  it  began 
by  a  breach  of  confidence,  and  that  it  owed  the  possession 
of  a  main  part  of  its  evidence  to  an  act  of  violence,  com-^ 
mitted  in  a  house  to  which  admission  had  been  procured 
upon  terms  of  apparent  friendship.     This  was  the  state- 
ment admitted,  or  not  contradicted,  by  the  party.     Mrs. 
Clarke  says,  that  the  papers  were  taken  from  the  table  in 
her  presence,  and  without  her  consent,  and  against  her 
consent.     If  this  protest  of  hers,  made  at  the  time,  was 
mere  pretence;  if  her  resistance  was  merely  foigned ;  if  the 
whole  was  a  sort  of  permitted  rape,  or  a  little  love  struggle. 


POLITICAL  8B£I£S.  339 

'  PignoB  dereptam  laoertis, 

Aat  digito  male  pertiiiaci/* 

he  should  only  observe,  that  it  was  not  treating  the  House 
very  respectfully,  in  a  matter  pretty  important ;  if  upon 
such  grounds,  they  were  to  be  made  to  believe  that  Mrs. 
Clarke  was  an  unwilling  witness,  and  entitled  to  all  the 
additional  credit,  on  one  side,  which  such  a  character 
would  give  her.  But  if  the  facts  really  were  as  she  stated, 
and  as  the  Honourable  Mover  did  not  seem  to  deny ;  if 
the  papers  were  in  truth  taken  by  him  from  her  table,  he 
entering  the  house  as  he  did,  and  she  protesting  bona  fide 
against  the  proceeding,  other  gentlemen  must  think  as  they 
liked,  but  he  must  declare  for  his  own  part,  that  there  was 
no  one  article  of  the  charges  against  the  Duke  of  York, 
proved  or  unproved,  which  he  would  not  rather  confess  to, 
than  be  guilty  of  the  act  so  described.  It  was  at  least  a 
pretty  good  reason  why  he  should  have  been  shy,  as  his 
Honourable  Friends  were  accused  of  being,  of  mixing  in  a 
cause,  of  which  such  an  act  stood  in  the  front/' 

On  the  15th  of  March,  Mr.  Perceval  moved  and  carried 
a  resolution,  absolving  the  Duke  of  York  from  all  personal 
corruption  or  criminal  connivance.  An  animated  debate 
ensued.  Mr.  Windham  said,  ''  He  should  hear,  he  must 
confess,  with  great  delight,  that  no  necessity  existed  for 
any  further  opinion,  but  that  the  Royal  personage  had  of 
himself  decided  to  quit  a  situation,  which  he  could  not 
liold,  with  satisfaction  to  himself,  longer  than  while  he 
could  hold  it  to  the  general  satis&ction  of  the  country. 
Such  a  decision  could  not  be  construed  as  admitting  in  the 
smallest  degree  the  truth  of  anything  charged  against  him. 

*  The  quotation  is  from  Horace  ;  the  whole  gtanza  rnns  thus  : — 

*'  Nnuc  et  latentis  proditer  intimo 
Gratus  paellas  risuB  ab  angnlo, 
Fignnsqae  dereptnm  lacertis, 
Aut  digito  male  pcrtinaci." 


340  qillrat's  caricatures. 

It  was  a  submission  to  public  opinion.  Nothing  could  do 
more  credit  to  the  feelings  of  the  country,  nor  at  the  same 
time  shew  more  strongly  the  general  purity  of  the  ad- 
ministration of  its  affairs^  than  the  commotions  excited  by 
any  thing  that  had  the  appearance  even  of  a  departure 
from  that  purity.  It  was  a  feeling  which  one  could  not 
wish  less.  A  homage  paid  to  such  a  feeling  was  no  ad- 
mission of  the  truth  of  its  application  in  the  particular 
case.^'  On  the  1 8th  of  March,  Wilberf orce  wrote  to  Lord 
Muncaster,  '^  Perceval  carried  last  night  his  vote  of  pur- 
gation, but  unless  the  Duke  of  York  should  resign  before 
Monday,  I  am  sanguine  in  my  expectation,  that  we  shall 
either  carry  the  question  for  his  removal,  or  for  some  mea- 
sure which  must  lead  to  it,  as  to  render  it  prudent  for  him 
to  take  the  hint.^* — {Wilberf orce' 8  Life,  Vol.  iii.  p.  4f05.) 
On  the  20th  of  March,  the  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer 
(Perceval)  announced  to  the  House  of  Commons  that  the 
Duke  of  York  had  resigned  the  command  of  the  army.* 
Lord  Althorpe  moved  "  that  the  Duke  of  York  having 
resigned  the  command  of  the  army,t  the  House  does  not 
now  think  it  necessary  to  proceed  any  further  in  the  con- 
sideration of  the  evidence  before  the  Committee.'*  Perce- 
val moved  to  omit  the  word  ^'  now/^  otherwise  proceedings 
against  the  Duke  might  be  revived  at  a  future  period ;  and 
this  amendment  was  carried. 

The  Parliamentary  proceedings  here  closed ;  but  Mrs. 
Clarke  was  not  yet  appeased.  She  announced  for  intended 
publication.  Memoirs  of  her  Life,  and  particularly  of  her 
transactions  during  her  connection  with  the  Duke  of  Yorkj 

*  The  Dake  of  Cumberland  sent  Mr.  R.  Thornton  to  Wilberforoe  to  in- 
quire if  he  intended  to  take  any  further  proceedings  now  the  Duke  of  Toik 
had  resigned.  '*  Thornton  sajs,  the  Duke  of  Cumberland  told  him,  the 
King  and  all  of  them  were  extremely  angry  with  me.  Yet  what  ooold  I  do 
as  an  honest  man  ?*'-~{Wtlherforce*8  Life,  vol.  iii.  p.  406.) 

t  Sir  David  Dundas  was  appointed  his  successor,  and  held  the  appoint- 
ment for  two  years,  and  then  resigned.  The  Duke  of  York  was  re-  appointed, 
and  held  the  command  of  the  army  until  his  death. 


POLITICAL  SERIES.  341 

accompanied  with  a  series  of  Letters  of  the  Duke  of  York, 
and  of  persons  treating  with  her  for  preferment.  A  nego- 
tiation was  opened  with  her  for  the  suppression  of  these 
Memoirs^  and  said  to  be  concluded  on  the  terms  of  imme- 
diate payment  of  £7000  in  cash,  and  the  grant  of  an 
annuity  of  £400  for  her  life  guaranteed  to  her.  All  the 
disgraceful  exposures  might  have  been  prevented  had  the 
Duke  paid  her  the  stipulated  annuity  of  £400,  for  it  ap- 
pears she  never  once  annoyed  the  Duke  until  £500  was 
due  to  her,  and  her  applications  for  payment  met  by  scorn 
and  menace. 

353. 
APOTHEOSIS  OF  THE  CORSICAN  PHCENIX. 

August  2ndy  1808. 

Gillray  has  placed  the  following  inscription  under  this 
print : — ''  When  the  phoenix  is  tired  of  life,  he  builds  a 
nest  upon  the  mountains,  and  setting  it  on  fire  by  the 
wafting  of  his  own  wings,  he  himself  perishes  in  the  flames, 
and  from  the  smoke  of  his  ashes  arises  a  new  phoenix  to 
illuminate  the  world.'' 

The  ancients  described  this  fabulous  bird,  or  bird  with 
fabulous  attributes  ascribed  to  it,  to  be  the  size  of  an 
eagle,  its  head  crested  with  a  beautiful  plumage,  its  neck 
covered  with  feathers  of  gold  colour,  and  its  eyes  sparkling 
like  stars.  It  is  said  to  live  five  or  six  hundred  years,  and 
when  it  has  attained  this  extreme  old  age,  it  builds  a  pile 
of  sweet  wood  and  aromatic  gums,  which  it  sets  fire  to, 
and  consumes  itself  in  the  flames.  From  its  ashes  it  rises 
again  in  lusty  youth  and  invigorated  strength. 

A  crown  is  here  placed  on  the  head  of  the  Imperial 
Phoenix,  and  a  '^  Cordon  d'Honneur*'  round  his  neck.  He 
has  erected  a  pile,  consisting  of  the  countries  of  Portugal, 
Spain,  France,  Algiers,  Africa,  &c.  and  has  set  fire  to  it. 
His  sparkling  eyes  survey  with  satisfaction  the  flames  in 
which  he  is  enveloped,  and  has  devoted  himself  to  self- 
immolation. 


342  QILLBAY^S   CABICATUBES. 

At  the  top  of  the  print  we  see  him  in  his  renovated  form 
of  a  dove^  bearing  an  olive-branch  in  his  mouthy  and  con- 
veying ''  Peace  on  earth/'  This  print  is  intended  as  a 
satire  npon  Napoleon's  professions  of  an  ardent  wish  for 
a  general  pacification  made  at  this  time. 

354. 
OVERTHROW  OF  THE  REPUBLICAN  BABEL. 

May  1«^,  1809. 

fiOSVILLE.  LORD   CASTLEBEAQH.  CANNING.  FEBGEVAL. 

HOBNE  TOOKB.  WISHABT.  COBBETT.  SIB  F.  BUBDETT. 
ABBOTT.  WHITBBEAD.  LOBD  TEMPLE.  LORD  LAUDEBDALS. 
MABY  ANNE   CLABKE.       COL.   WABDLE.       LOBD   FOLKESTONE. 

GiUray  has  placed  this  inscription  under  the  print  :— 
''  And  they  said,  Go  to^  let  us  build  us  a  city  and  a  tower, 
whose  top  may  reach  unto  heaven,  and  let  us  make  us  a 
name.  But  they  were  scattered  abroad  upon  the  face  of 
the  earth,  and  they  left  off  to  build  the  city.*' — Gtenesis, 
chapter  xi. 

The  scene  is  the  House  of  Commons.  Speaker  Abbott 
holds  in  his  left  hand  a  roll,  inscribed  ''  Justice  Trium- 
phant.— Decisions  of  the  Rt.  Hon.  the  House  of  Com- 
mons.— Majority  against  the  Evidence  of  a  Prostitute. — 
Majority  against  the  Machinations  of  Republicans  and 
Levellers.^'  The  Speaker  wields  the  mace  in  his  right 
hand,  and  is  directing  blows  at  the  assailants  of  the  Duke 
of  York.  Lord  Castlereagh,  Canning  and  Perceval  are 
blowing  the  attacks  into  the  air,  and  to  complete  the  con- 
fusion of  the  assailants,  a  "Royal  Watcr-spout'^  is  descend- 
ing upon  them.  Mrs.  Clarke  is  overthrown.  A  ceinture 
of  "  Ligratitude*'  is  round  her  waist.  "  Mrs.  A.  Clarke's 
Old  Conjuring  Muff  is  to  be  sold  to  the  best  Bidder ;''  her 
phmder  is  dropping  from  her.  Col.  Wardle  is  upset.  His 
**  Private  Reasons*'  are  discovered.  In  his  fall  the  Colonel 
has  dropped  a  paper  from  his  hand,  entitled,  *'  Abuses  in 
tlio  Army  Department  inconte&tably  proved  on  the  words 


POLITICAJi   SEBIES.  343 

of  a  Prostitute  and  her  Paramour/'  and  his  "  Motion  for 
granting  Pensions  to  all  Whores  and  their  Maids/'  Lord 
Folkestone  in  his  fall  drops  his  "  Patriotic  Harangues,'' 
"  Motions  for  Kicking  up  a  Row  in  the  House  of  Com- 
mons," and  his  "  Hints  from  Cobbett."  A  'f  Barrel  of 
Mischief"  has  fallen  on  the  prostrate  Whitbread;  "Cocus 
Indicus  and  Quassia"  are  issuing  out  of  it.  He  has  dropped 
his  *'  Essay  upon  Political  Brewing  without  Malt  or  Hops." 
Lord  Temple  has  fallen  down  the  '^  Broad-Bottom  Ijadder 
of  Ambition."  "  Foolscap  Paper  for  Broad-Bottoms"  and 
"  Stationery  for  the  Paymaster  for  attacking  the  Ministry" 
are  scattered  round  him.  Sir  Francis  Burdett  is  tumbling 
down  the  '^  Republican  Ladder  of  Ambition ;"  his  fall  is 
eased  by  the  pitchfork  of  the  Hampshire  Hog  Private," 
Cobbett.  Cobbett  himself  is  standing  on  the  '^  Sand-hill 
of  Opposition."  Behind  him  are  ranged  Home  Tooke,  in 
the  character  of  Guy  Fawkes,  with  his  lantern,  Bosville, 
Wishart  holding  up  **  the  Westminster  Address,"  &c.  &c. 
A  satire  on  those  who  supported  Col.  Wardle's  charges 
against  the  Duke  of  York  in  the  affair  of  Mrs.  Clarke. 
The  Duke  of  York  might  rejoice,  but  unfortunately  had 
no  reason  to  feel  pride  at  the  result  of  the  investigation ; 
for  it  must  be  remembered  that  the  proceedings  termi- 
nated with  a  resolution,  ''  that  the  Duke  of  York  having 
resigned  the  command  of  the  army,  the  House  does  not 
think  it  necessary  to  proceed  any  further  in  the  consi- 
deration of  the  evidence  before  the  Committee." 

355. 

AN  OLD  ENGLISH  GENTLEMAN  PESTERED 
BY   SERVANTS  WANTING  PLACES. 

May  \&th,  1809. 

LORD  H.  PETTY.  SIB  P.  BURDETT.  COBBETT.  TOWNSHBND. 
WHITBREAD.  LORD  SIDMOUTH.  LORD  OBENVILLE.  LORD 
TEMPLE.         MARQUIS  OF  BUCKINGHAM.         WINDHAM.         LORD 


344  gillrat's  caricatures. 

HOIRA.  LORD  ER8EINE.  QEOROE  III.  DITKE  OF  PORTLAND. 
LORD  ORET.  PERCEVAL.  TIERNEY.  LORD  CASTLEREAGH. 
CANNING.  LORD  LIVERPOOL.  DUKE  OF  BEDFORD.  LORD 
CARLISLE.        LORD  ST.  VINCENT.        DUKE  OF  NORFOLK. 

The  Old  English  Gentleman  (George  III.)  is  Burroonded 
by  a  host  of  applicants  for  places.  Lord  Grenville,  bowing 
almost  to  the  ground,  says,  "  Does  your  Honour  want  a 
steady  Broad-BottomM  coachman  to  drive  you?''  The 
Marquis  of  Buckingham  says,  ^'  We'll  do  anything,"  and 
Earl  Temple  adds,  '^  in  any  way."  Lord  Grey,  depicted 
as  a  Grey-hound,  has  his  paws  on  the  Duke  of  Portland, 
and  says,  '^  Pray,  throw  me  a  bone, — your  Grace, — a 
bone  !"  The  Duke  replies,  ''  Ha !  ha  I  ha  I  Throw  you  a 
bone !  for  what  ?  a  bone  to  a  poor  silly  Grey-hound,  that 
can  only  yelp,  and  neither  bite,  nor  keep  the  French  wolf 
from  the  door!"  Tiemey  is  jogging  Perceval's  elbow, 
and  says,  ''  Pray,  Mr.  Chancellor  P.,  do  speak  a  word  in 
our  favour  to  his  Honour  !"  Perceval  answers,  '^  A  word 
in  your  favour,  Mr.  T. !  I  fear  I  shall  not  find  a  word  of 
that  kind  in  aU  England."  Sheridan  is  soliciting  Canning, 
''  Pray,  Mr.  Secretary  C,  has  his  Honour  any  wish  for  our 
services  ?"  Canning :  '^  Not  the  least  wish,  I  believe." 
The  Duke  of  Bedford  :  ''  I  can  look  after  your  Honour's 
estates  in  Ireland,  or  take  care  of  your  farms  at  Windsor." 
Windham :  '^  His  Honour  don't  take  any  notice  of  the 
Civil  Speeches  I  lately  made."  Lord  Moira:  *'I  wish 
that  his  Honour  would  but  give  a  nod  this  way ! "  Erskine : 
^^  Ego,  I  have  had  my  hat  in  my  hand  for  this  fortnight 
in  hopes  of  an  opportunity  to  make  a  bow."  Lord  Sid- 
mouth,  bowing  with  his  hat  in  his  lefl  hand,  and  a  cathartic 
in  his  right,  says,  '^  Pray,  your  Honour,  remember  Doctor 
Slop,  your  own  Apothecary,  who  physics  the  French." 
Whitbread :  "  If  his  Honour  wants  an  Iwnest  Porter^ 
I'm  his  man."  By  his  side  lies  "  Sam.  Froth  his  knot, 
carries  any  weight  in  any  weather,"  &c.  &c.  The  Old 
Gentleman    (George  III.)   says,    "  Well,   Gentlemen,   I 


POLITICAL   SBBIES.  345 

bave  taken  a  peep  at  70a  all ;  but  I'm  afraid  tHat  you 
won't  doj  for  some  of  you  are  too  heavy  and  Broad- 
Bottom'd^  and  the  rest  seem  to  have  no  bottom  at  all ; 
so.  Gentlemen^  I  think  I  shall  be  content  with  my  old 
servants/' 


356. 

THE  INTRODUCTION  OF  THE  POPE  TO  THE 
CONVOCATION  AT  OXFORD,  BY  THE  CAR- 
DINAL  BROAD-BOTTOM. 

December  Ist,  1809. 

MARQUIS  OF  BUCKINGHAM.  CANNING.  LORD  GRET. 

LORD   GRENVILLE.  NAPOLEON.  LORD  TEMPLE. 

Gillray  has  affixed  this  inscription  over  the  print : — 

''  GtoLGOTHA,  OR  THE  PlACB  OF  SkULLS.*' 

The  Oxford  Convocation  has  assembled  to  elect  a  Chan- 
cellor.  Lord  Grenville,  habited  as  a  Cardinal^  is  present- 
ing the  "  Catholic  Petition  for  the  vacant  Chancellorship^ 
with  a  Plan  for  erecting  a  new  Popish  Sanhedrim^  on  the 
rains  of  old  Alma  Mater.'*  The  Pope,  arrayed  in  his 
pontificals,  has  his  tiara  on  his  head,  his  right  hand  holds 
his  crosier,  his  left  holds  np  the  train  of  Cardinal  Broad- 
Bottom  (Lord  Grenville).  Buonaparte  is  seen  secreted 
under  the  Pope's  robe.  The  person  to  whom  Lord  Gren- 
ville presents  the  petition  leads  a  "  Popish  Greyhound'' 
(Lord  Grey)  in  a  string ;  he  receives  the  petition  cour- 
teously, and  says,  "  Well  done,  my  children,  this  is  all  the 
Convocation  I  would  have."  This  person's  mask  being 
a  little  drawn  aside,  the  Author  of  all  Evil  is  discovered. 
The  Marquis  of  Buckingham,  habited  as  an  ecclesiastic, 
holds  up  the  devil's  tail.  The  Archbishop  of  York  has 
the  *'  York  Mass  Book"  open  before  him.  The  Bishops  of 
London,  St.  Asaph,  Oxford  and  Norwich  have  the  "  Mass 
Book"  of  their  respective  dioceses  before  them ;  intended 


346  GILLBAT^S   CARICATURES. 

to  indicate  that  they  are  about  to  vote  for  Lord  Grenville. 
All  the  ecclesiastics  are  in  full  canonicals ;  some  of  the 
minor  dignitaries  have  mass-books  in  their  hands^  others 
have  skull-caps.  Lord  Temple,  looking  like  a  jolly  priest* 
carries  the  cup^  containing  the  consecrated  wafer;  the 
figure  next  him  carries  a  lighted  torch. 

The  Duke  of  Portland's  death  on  the  30th  of  October, 
1809,  caused  a  vacancy  in  the  Chancellorship  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Oxford.  The  choice  of  his  successor  excited,  on 
this  occasion,  intense  interest,  not  only  in  the  University, 
but  throughout  the  Kingdom.  Lord  Grenville  announced 
himself  as  a  candidate  for  the  honour ;  a  delegation  from 
numerous  Members  of  the  University  invited  Lord  Eldon 
to  allow  himself  to  be  put  into  nomiuation ;  and  another 
deputation  invited  the  Duke  of  Beaufort.  Lord  Grrenville's 
literary  attainments  seemed  to  point  him  out  as  the  best 
qualified  to  preside  over  a  learned  body.  He  was  not  only 
eminently  skilled  in  the  learning  of  Greece  and  Borne;  but 
his  attainments  in  general  literature  were  of  a  high  order. 
Lord  Eldon  was  one  of  the  most  distinguished  Chancellors 
who  had  ever  filled  the  marble  chair ;  but,  immersed  in 
the  active  duties  of  a  professional  life,  he  had  neglected 
literature  for  the  severer  studies  of  the  law.  The  only 
pretension  of  the  Duke  of  Beaufort  was  his  elevated  rank. 
Lord  Eldon,  however,  contrived  to  give  the  contest  a  poli- 
tical character.  He  always  endeavoured  to  persuade  him- 
self and  the  public  that  his  own  personal  interests  were 
bound  up  with  those  of  the  Church  and  State ;  his  defeat 
would  be  the  immediate  precursor  of  Catholic  Emancipa- 
tion,— his  success  would  be  the  confirmation  and  security 
of  the  Protestant  interest.  He  wrote  to  his  brother.  Sir 
W.  Scott : — "  If  principles  of  such  importance  as  those 
upon  which  the  request  to  me  has  been  put  are  really  at 
issue,  I  wish  the  request  had  been  made  to  some  person 
of  higher  character  and  consequence  in  the  State ;  and 
though  I  should  never  have  thought  of  offering  myself  to 


POLITICAL   SBRIES.  347 

a  contest,  in  which  disappointment  must  affect  my  family  as 
long  as  my  nams  shall  he  remembered,  I  could  not  possibly 
avoid  compliance  with  that  request  which  has  been  ad- 
dressed to  me/' — {Twiss's  Life  of  Eldon,  Vol.  ii.  p.  109.) 

He  endeavoured  to  instil  these  sentiments  into  the 
King's  mind.  He  writes  to  Sir  W.  Scott :  ''  The  King 
to-day  said  it  would  be  hard  if  Cambridge  had  a  Unitarian 
Chancellor,*  and  Oxford  a  Popish  one."  The  election  of 
Chancellor  was  fixed  for  the  13th  and  14bh  of  December. 
Every  nerve  was  now  strained  to  secure  the  contested 
dignity.  We  shall  extract  the  following  paragraph  from 
the  Oxford  Herald  of  December  16th.  "  The  election  has 
excited  more  interest  than  any  that  has  preceded  it  in  the 
recollection  of  the  oldest  Member  of  the  University.  Votes 
came  from  the  remotest  parts  of  the  Kingdom,  all  the  car- 
riages and  horses  to  a  considerable  distance  were  engaged, 
and  every  inn  was  filled.  The  Undergraduates  having  left 
the  University  previous  to  the  commencement  of  the  elec- 
tion, most  of  the  non-resident  electors  were  supplied  with 
rooms  in  the  Colleges.''  And  the  annexed  communication 
was  furnished  to  the  Oxford  Herald  of  December  23rd  by 
an  Academic  correspondent : — 

^'  The  casting-up  the  numbers  and  the  scrutiny  occupied 
above  two  hours,  and  was  a  stage  of  the  election  full  of 
suspense  and  expectation. 

''  The  order  in  which  the  three  candidates  were  first 
mentioned  was  determined  by  their  respective  rank ;  yet  an 
idea  had  prevailed  that  the  name  of  the  successful  candidate 
would  be  the  first  pronounced.  From  this  misconception 
it  happened,  that  Lord  Eldon's  name,  as  Chancellor  of 

*  Henry  Dnke  of  Grafton,  who  had  been  Prime  Minister,  and  is  "  damned 
to  everlasting  fame"  by  the  Letters  of  Junius.  He  became  a  convert  to 
Unitarianism,  and  attended  Dr.  Lindsey's  chapel  in  Essex  Street.  He  left 
a  manuscript  memoir  of  his  conversion,  which  his  son,  the  late  Duke,  com- 
mitted to  the  flames.  He  also  left  a  Memoir  of  his  Political  Life,  which  is 
in  the  possession  of  the  present  Duke,  who  permitted  Sir  Denis  Lc  Marchant 
to  make  extracts  from  it,  which  are  printed  in  the  Appendix  to  yoL  iv.  of 
Walpole's  Memoirs  of  George  the  Third,  p.  376—423. 


348  qillrat's  cabicatubes. 

England,  being  first  in  the  Ust,  a  momentary  persuasion 
was  entertained  that  his  Lordship  had  the  majority  of 
votes,  and  his  friends  had  begun  to  testify  their  joy.  But 
when  their  names  were  read  over  a  second  time,  in  order 
to  declare  the  numbers.  Lord  Grenville's  was  called  the 
first,  a  precedence  which  signified  his  legitimate  election. 
A  loud  shout  instantly  burst  forth  from  the  friends  of  the 
Chancellor  elect.  This  sudden  expression  of  feelings  at 
success  in  a  great  object  is  too  natural  a  circumstance  to 
be  marked  by  any  severity  of  censure,  but  in  the  present 
instance,  considering  the  place  where  it  was  shewn,  it  was 
perhaps  a  little  inconsistent  with  the  decorum  of  an  Aca- 
demical body/' 

The  following  were  the  numbers  declared  at  the  con- 
clusion of  the  election : — 

Lord  Grenville         .         .         406 

LordEldon     ...        393 

Duke  of  Beaufort   .         .         288 

The  number  who  voted  amounted  to  1087,  and  the 

whole  who  had  a  right  to  vote  amounted  only  to  1274. 

There  remained,  therefore,  only  187*  persons  who  did  not 

vote  on  this  occasion.     All  the  Bishops,  who  had  a  vote 

for  the  election  of  Chancellor  in  the  University  of  Oxford, 

voted  for  Lord  Grenville,  except  two  who  voted  for  Lord 

Eldon. 

Lord  Eldon  was  grievously  disappointed  at  the  result. 
He  complained  '^  that  he  had  been  sacrificed  to  a  Fox- 
hunting Duke,"  and  even  in  a  letter  to  Sir  William  Scott, 
doubts  whether  he  may  not  feel  himself  compelled  to 
resign  the  Great  Seal.  What  shall  we  say  to  the  absurdity 
of  such  a  declaration  ?  In  speaking  of  so  great  a  man  as 
Lord  Eldon,  we  will  only  call  it  extraordinary  self-delusion, 
but  we  may  be  sure  that  he  never  seriously  contemplated 
for  a  moment  the  resignation  of  the  Great  Seal.  He  held 
it  "  digito  pertinaci,'*  until  the  dissolution  of  the  Adminis- 
tration by  the  death  of  Lord  Liverpool. 

*  Of  these  187  persons  some  no  doubt  paired  off. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  349 

357. 

TRUE  REFORM  OF  PARLIAMENT,  i.  e.  PATRIOTS 
LIGHTING  A  REVOLUTIONARY  BONFIRE  IN 
NEW  PALACE  YARD.  June  Uth,  1809. 

COL.  WARDLE.  COBBETT.  LORD  FOLKESTONE.  COUNSELLOR 
CLIFFORD.  BOSVILLE.  HORNE  TOOKE.  WHITBREAD. 

QRATTAN.         SIR   F.    BURDETT.         LORD   TEMPLE.         MARQUIS 
OF   BUCKINGHAM. 

The  Parliamentary  Reformers,  assembled  in  New  Palace 
Yard,  are  about  to  sacrifice  a  hecatomb  of  the  Ancient 
Laws  and  Constitution  of  England.  Sir  Francis  Burdett 
is  addressing  the  assembled  patriots,  previous  to  the  fiery 
celebration.  He  tells  them,  that  "  it  is  only  in  the  House 
of  Commons  that  the  people  of  England  are  spoken  of 
with  contempt  and  caluminated.  Can  things  be  remedied 
by  Bills  ?  No  !  it  must  be  by  an  honest  House  of  Com- 
mons. What  is  the  use  of  Magna  Charta,  Habeas  Corpus, 
or  the  Bill  of  Rights  V  Below  him  is  seen  the  "  Resolu- 
tion of  the  Whig  Club,  that  it  is  the  decided  opinion  of 
this  Club,  that  no  substantial  and  permanent  good  can  be 
derived  by  the  country,  from  any  change  of  Ministry, 
unless  accompanied  by  an  entire  change  of  system, 
accomplished  by  an  entire  Reform  of  the  Parliament.*' 
Whitbread  is  bringing  on  his  shoulder,  "  Pro  Bono 
Publico,  a  well-pitched  old  beer-barrel  to  crown  the 
bonfire.*'  It  is  painted  ^' Whitbread's  Entire."  He 
empties  out  of  it  into  the  Revolutionary  Bonfire,  "Respect 
to  the  Crown,*'  "  Rules  and  Orders  of  the  House  of  Com- 
mons," and  "  Dignities  of  the  House  of  Lords."  Home 
Tooke,  depicted  as  Guy  Fawkes,  has  the  lighted  ''  Torch 
of  Sedition"  in  his  right  hand,  and  a  dark  lantern  in  his 
left.  He  is  setting  fire  to  the  "  Rights  of  the  House  of 
Brunswick  to  the  Throne,"  to  "  Magna  Charta,"  to  the 
Bill  of  Rights,"  "  Habeas  Corpus,"  &c.     Bosville  is  by 


350  GILLRAY^S   CARICATURES. 

his  side,  conveying  to  the  flames  the  "  Act  against 
Fomenting  Treasons/'  Lord  Folkestone  is  preparing  to 
burn  the  "Act  against  Seditious  Meetings,''  and  the  ''Act 
against  Bribery  and  Corruption."  Col.  Wardle  is  seated 
on  the  right  side  of  Lord  Folkestone ;  he  is  preparing  to 
consign  to  the  conflagration  the  ''  Act  against  Defaming 
the  Eoyal  Family,"  and  Grattan  is  destining  to  the  same 
fate  the  ''  Act  of  Union  between  Great  Britain  and  Ire- 
land," and  the  Law  against  Irish  Eebels.  Cobbett  is 
holding  up  to  view  on  a  pitchfork,  *'  Elements  of  Reform, 
by  W.  Cobbett,  the  Hampshire-Hog  Reformer."  Clifford, 
the  O.P.  barrister,  is  preparing  to  throw  into  the  Revolu- 
tionary Bonfire,  the  ''  Laws  of  England,"  *'  Penal  Statutes," 
and  "  Trial  by  Jury." 

Two  of  the  Broad-Bottoms,  Lord  Temple  and  the  Mar- 
quis of  Buckingham,  are  slinking  away  alarmed  at  the 
progress  of  the  measures  they  had  secretly  encouraged* 
Lord  Temple  says,  "  Come  away,  brother  Broad-Bottom, 
come  away."  The  Marquis  replies,  ''  Ay,  they  may  want 
to  reform  our  pockets,  perhaps."  In  the  Marquis's  left 
pocket  is  a  list  of  ^'  Exchequer  Pickings,"*  and  in  his 
right  hand  pocket  ''  Family  Pickings.' 


}> 


358. 

THE  LIFE   OF  WILLIAM  COBBETT,  Writtin  by 
Himself.    (Plate  1.)  September  29th,  1809. 

This  series  of  bitter  satirical  prints  against  the  grand 
radical  of  the  day  are  parodies  on  the  autobiographical 
sketch  in  his  own  Begister,  published  during  this  year. 
They  need  little  further  explanation  than  that  given  in  the 
inscriptions  beneath  each  plate,  the  first  of  which  repre- 
sents the  pretended  amusements  of  his  childhood. 

*  The  Marqois  of  Buckiogham  was  a  Teller  of  the  Exchequer. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  351 

359. 

THE  LIFE   OF  WILLIAM   COBBBTT,  Written  by 
Himself.     (Plate  2.)  September  29th,  1809. 

The  second  represents  him  flying  from  the  embarrass- 
ments into  which  he  had  run  himself  at  home,  and 
enlisting  for  a  soldier. 


360. 

THE  LIFE  OF  WILLIAM  COBBETT,  Written  by 
Himself.     (Pijite  3.)  September  29th,  1809. 

Cobbett's  exploits  as  a  corporal. 


361. 

THE  LIFE  OF  WILLIAM  COBBETT,  Written  by 
Himself.     (Plate  4.)  September  29th,  1809. 

His  delinquencies  as  sergeant-major. 


362. 

THE  LIFE  OF  WILLIAM  COBBETT,  Written  by 
Himself.     (Plate  5.)  September  29th,  1809. 

He  obtains  his  discharge,   returns  to  England,   and 
accuses  his  officers. 


363. 

THE  LIFE  OF  WILLIAM  COBBETT,  Written  by 
Himself.     (Plate  6.)  September  29th,  1809. 

His  flight  to  America. 

23 


352  gillray's  caricatures. 

364. 

THE  LIFE  OF  WILLIAM   COBBETT,  Written  by 
Himself.     (Plate  7.)  Sepieniber  29ih,  1809. 

SIR   p.    BURDETT.  BOSVILLB.  CLIFFORD. 

HORNE  TOOKE.  COBBETT. 

He  returns  to  England^  and  plots  against  the  Govern- 
ment. 

365. 

THE  LIFE  OF  WILLIAM  COBBETT,  Written  by 
Himself.     (Plate  8.)  September  29th,  1809. 

The  denouement  of  this  eventful  history. 

Cobbett  was  unquestionably  one  of  the  ablest  political 
writers  of  his  age.  He  commenced  his  career  as  a  political 
writer,  under  the  signature  of  Peter  Porcupine,  in  America^ 
about  the  period  of  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  of  the 
French  Eevolution.  We  believe  his  first  publication  was 
an  answer  to  an  address  of  Dr.  Priestley  to  the  Americans, 
in  which  the  Doctor  represented  himself  as  a  martyr  in 
the  cause  of  civil  and  religious  liberty,  come  to  lay  his 
bones  in  their  land  of  freedom.  There  was  at  this  time 
a  numerous  party  in  America  enamoured  of  the  principles 
of  the  French  Revolution,  and  perhaps  grateful  for  the 
services  rendered  to  their  country  by  the  French  during 
the  American  War.  These  men  incessantly  laboured  to 
animate  their  country  against  England.  Cobbett  opposed 
the  speakers  and  writers  of  this  anti-English  party  vrith 
energy  and  effect,  and  upheld  the  rights,  interests  and 
character  of  his  country,  with  so  much  ability  and  success, 
that  Windham  did  not  hesitate  to  declare  in  the  British 
Parliament,  ''he  deserved  a  statue  of  gold'*  for  his 
services.  Prosecutions,  however,  were  commenced  against 
him  in  America,  and  to  avoid  the  consequences  of  an 
unfavourable  result  he  returned  to  his  native  country. 


POLITICAL    SERIES.  353 

He  arrived  in  England  with  very  slender  resources,  but 
the  fame  of  Peter  Porcupine  had  preceded  him.  Ho 
opened  a  bookseller's  shop  in  Pall  Mall,  and  set  up  a  daily 
newspaper  called  *'  the  Porcupine  ;'*  this  was  discontinued 
in  a  few  months :  it  is  a  very  different  thing  to  write  an 
occasional  political  essay,  or  to  supply  the  leaders  of  a 
daily  paper.  The  bookseller^s  shop  was  soon  closed; 
Cobbett  was  not  calculated  to  endure  the  confinement  of 
a  retail  shop,  nor  had  he  either  capital,  or  knowledge  of 
the  taste  and  literary  wants  of  the  public,  to  conduct 
either  a  retail  or  wholesale  bookselling  business.  Ho 
hit  on  the  happy  expedient  of  publishing  his  "  Weekly 
Political  Register." 

He  was  now  in  his  element.  No  one,  since  the  time 
of  Swift,  ever  addressed  himself  more  efiectively  to  the 
common  sense  of  the  people ;  he  stripped  every  subject  of 
technicalities,  and  pla.ced  every  topic  within  the  sphere 
of  their  apprehension.  They  who  would  not  have  appre- 
hended the  meaning  of  the  suspension  of  the  Habeas 
Corpus  Act,  readily  comprehended  the  suspension  of 
"  the  Personal  Security  Act.**  He  elucidated  the  most 
complicated  subject,  as,  for  instance,  the  monetary  system, 
or,  as  he  called  it,  ''Paper  against  Gold,"  with  marvellous 
simplicity  and  perspicuity,  and  subjects,  hitherto  supposed 
to  be  only  intelligible  to  political  economists,  were  rendered 
familiar  topics  of  conversation. 

The  Peace  of  Amiens  afibrded  ample  opportunities  for 
the  display  of  Cobbett's  political  powers.  He  analysed 
every  article  of  the  treaty  with  extraordinary  ability,  and 
pointed  out  to  public  indignation  the  sacrifices  made  by 
the  preliminaries  of  peace.  The  reputation  of  his  Weekly 
Register  was  now  firmly  established,  and  its  circulation 
widely  extended.  His  politics  were  entirely  changed.  He 
became  the  champion  of  democracy,  and  the  assailant  of 
every  Administration,  Politicians  of  every  sliade  felt  a 
deep  interest  in  the  publication;  this  was  not  n  little 

23  * 


354  GILLRAY^S   CARTCATtTEES. 

enhanced  by  tlie  intrepidity  of  liis  assertions^  his  caustic 
satire,  and  the  unrestrained  personalities  and  invectives  in 
wliich  he  indulged.     Every  one  took  in  his  Register,  for 
every  one  expected  to  see  a  friend  or  connection  satirised. 
The  spleen  of  many  was  gratified,  all  were  amused.    Lord 
Eldon  seems  to  have  been  particularly  annoyed  at  the 
extensive  circulation  of  the  Register,  even  among  his  own 
friends,  and  complained  that  the  Attorney-General  did 
not  prosecute  it.     He  wrote  to  Sir  William  Scott :  "  As 
to  the  prosecution  of  the  Morning  Chronicle,  and  as  to 
your  friend  Cobbett,  I  know  what  I  should  have  done  as 
to  those  publications  long  ago,  if  I  had  been  Attorney- 
General;  but  it  seems  to  me  that  ever  since  my  time  it  has 
been  thought  rigfit  to  leave  the  Government  character  and 
individual  character  without  the  protection  of  the  law 
enforced,  because  I  had  proved*  its  eflScacy,  when  it  was 
called  into  exertion.*' — ^^  As  to  Cobbett,  I  am  quite  out  of 
patience  about  those  who  unll  take  in  his  paper;  but  I 
observe  that  all  my  friends,  in  short  every  body  one  knows, 
abuse  him,  but  enjoy  his  abuse,  till  he  taps  at  their  own  door, 
and  then  they  do  not  like  the  noise  he  makes — not  a  bit 
of  it/'— {Twiss's  Life  of  Lord  Eldan,  Vol.  ii.  p.  107,  8.) 

At  length,  however,  in  his  Register  of  July  10,  1809, 
Cobbett  published  animadversions  on  the  flogging  of  some 
local  militia  men  in  the  Isle  of  Ely,  and  on  the  punish- 
ment being  inflicted  by  soldiers  of  a  German  Regiment 

*  We  are  surprised  Lord  Eldon  should  plame  himself  on  hia  political  prcH 
secutions.  He  twice  filed  inf ormatiotis  ag^nst  Mr.  Peny,  the  pn^rietor  of 
the  Morning  Chronicle,  and  in  both  instances  was  defeated  by  the  Terdictof 
the  jury.  He  had  no  reason  to  pride  himself  on  the  result  of  the  trials  of 
Hardy,  Home  Tooke,  and  Thelwall  for  high  treason.  His  obstinate  pene- 
Terance  in  the  trials  of  Home  Tooke  and  Thelwall  after  the  acquittal  of 
Hardy  is  now  generally  condemned.  He  could  not  feel  flattered  by  Burke's 
significant  question  in  reference  to  them  :  **  How  comes  it,  that  in  all  the 
state  prosecutions  of  magnitude,  from  the  Revolution  to  within  these  two 
or  three  years,  the  Crown  has  scarcely  ever  retired  disgraced  and  defeated 
trom  its  Courts  ?"—{Bwrhe*8  first  Letter  on  a  Regicide  Peace,  1796.) 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  355 

stationed  there.  This  he  represented  to  be  an  indignity 
to  the  English  character.  If  the  punishment  were  to  be 
inflicted^  it  ought  to  have  been  by  their  own  countrymen, 
and  the  backs  of  Englishmen  ought  not  to  have  been  pro- 
faned by  the  stripes  of  foreigners.  The  Attorney-General 
(Sir  Vicary  Gibbs)  prosecuted  the  paper  as  a  libel,  calcu- 
lated to  excito  mutiny  in  the  army.  Cobbett  was  found 
guilty  by  the  jury.  He  perceived  at  once  the  very  serious 
situation  in  which  he  was  placed;  he  recollected  his 
energetic  attack  on  Lord  EUenborough^s  appointment  to  a 
seat  in  the  Cabinet,  and  dreaded  the  vindictive  character 
of  that  political  judge,  whose  influence  would  chiefly 
determine  the  amount  of  his  punishment.  He  therefore 
endeavoured  to  negotiate  with  the  Government,  and 
engaged  the  good  oflSces  of  Mr.  Reeves,*  the  celebrated 
Chairman  of  the  Crown  and  Anchor  Loyal  Association,  to 
propose  that  he  should  not  be  brought  up  for  judgment, 
and  that,  in  consideration  of  this,  he  should  bind  himself 
to  discontinue  the  Weekly  Register,  and  abstain  from  all 
political  writing.  Sir  Vicary  Gibbs  and  the  Government 
were  inexorable.  He  was  brought  up  for  judgment,  and 
sentenced  to  be  imprisoned  two  years  in  Newgate,  and  to 
pay  a  fine  of  £1000.  The  sentence  was  astounding.  It 
had  too  much  the  appearance  of  vindictiveness.  Either 
the  long  imprisonment,  or  the  heavy  fine  might  have 
satisfied  the  offended  majesty  of  the  law. 

The  publication  of   the  Register  was  continued,  and 

*  Mr.  ReeTes's  admiration  of  the  patriotic  writings  of  Peter  Porcupine 
induced  him  to  seek  Cobbett's  acquaintance  on  his  arriyal  in  England.  They 
were  mutually  pleased  with  each  other,  and  their  acquaintance  ripened  into 
friendship.  It  is  to  their  mutual  credit  that  subsequent  difierencos  in  politics 
did  not  dissever  their  friendship.  Cobbett  could  not  have  chosen  a  nego- 
tiator more  likely  to  have  accomplished  his  object.  But  the  Government 
had  him  now  in  their  power,  and  were  determined  to  make  an  example  of 
him.  Perliaps,  too,  they  might  think  that  any  compromise  wonld  be  attri- 
buted to  political  cowiirdice.  We  have  already  given  an  account  of  Mr. 
Reeves  *8  ultra-Tory  pamphlet,  for  which  he  was  prosecuted.    See  page  71. 


356  GILLBAY^S   CARICATURES. 

lasted  thirty-throo  years  from  its  original  commencement. 
At  the  first  general  election  after  the  passing  of  the 
Reform  Bill,  Cobbett  was  elected  member  for  Oldham. 
His  Parliamentary  efforts  disappointed  the  expectations 
of  his  enthusiastic  admirers.  His  rival  in  notoriety,  Hant, 
displayed  more  talent  for  public  speaking.  Cobbett  died, 
June  18th,  1835. 


366. 
TENTANDA  VIA  EST  QUA  ME   QUOQUE 


rOSSIM   TOLLERE   HUMO.         VmjiUi  Georg. 

He  steers  bis  flight 
Aloft,  incumbent  on  the  duskjr  air 
That  felt  unnsiial  weight 

August  8th,  1810. 

MARQUIS  OF  BUCKINaHAM.     MAEQUIS  OF  STAFFORD.     WINDHAM.  « 
FOX.     LORD  ORENVILLE.     LORD  TEMPLB.     LORD  HENBT  PETTY. 
ARCHBISHOP  OF  YORK.         BISHOP  OF  LONDON.         SIR  WATEIM 
W.  WINN.         DUKE  OF  BEDFORD.        SHERIDAN.        LORD  QRKY. 
WHITBREAD.      LORD  8IDM0UTH.      REV.  W.  CROWE. 

This  print  of  Lord  Grenville^s  Installation  is  intended 
as  a  companion  to  that  of  his  Election,  No.  356.  Lord 
Gronville,  seated  in  a  balloon,  is  ascending  into  the  air. 
Uo  is  attired  in  his  Chancellor's  gown,  with  a  crucifix  on 
his  back.  During  his  upward  flight  he  has  thrown  away 
his  CardinaFs  hat,  rosary  and  mitre,  and  placed  a  tiara  on 
his  head.  In  his  aerial  progress  he  drops  from  the  balloon 
''  A  letter  to  the  Earl  of  Fingal  /'*  ''  Liber  Valorum" 
(or.  Account  of  the  value  of  benefices,  with  precedents 
for  presentations,  inductions,  &c.)  On  the  upper  part  of 
the  balloon  on  minute  inspection  may  be  seen  a  face  of  a 
person,  whose  hand  extends  round  the  balloon,  and  drops 
promises  among  the  Members  of  the  Convocation.    This  is 

*  Ix)nl  Grcuville  puhlishcd,  in  1810,  a  Letter  to  the  Earl  of  Fingal,  on 
the  Bubjevt  of  Cuthulic  Kmoucipatioo. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  357 

probably  meant  for  Dr.  Hodgson,  Principal  of  Brazcnnoso 
College,  who  was  an  active  canvasser  for  Lord  Gronville, 
and  was  said  to  have  procured  for  him  more  votes  than 
any  other  person.  The  Marquisses  of  Buckingham  and 
Stafford  are  contemplating  the  passing  scene  from  the 
windows  of  the  Oxford  Theatre.  Fox,  metamorphosed 
into  a  bird,  is  blowing  with  all  his  might  to  aid  the  ascent 
of  the  balloon.  Windham  is  entering  the  door  of  the  Con- 
vocation, to  which  is  affixed  :  "  Ordered  that  no  Doctor  of 
Laws  be  admitted  without  Bag  Wig.*'  The  ^' Liber  Regis'* 
(or.  Value  of  Livings  in  the  King's  Books,  with  precedents 
for  presentations,  &c.),  Oxford  edition,  is  affixed  to  the 
entrance.  Three  Bishops,  mounted  upon  asses,  are  bestow- 
ing benedictions  on  the  Chancellor,  and  endeavouring  to 
gra.sp  hold  of  the  descending  Cardinal's  hat.  The  Arch- 
bishop of  York  is  drawn  in  his  state  carriage,  and  is  cheered 
as  he  approaches.  (The  Archbishop  had  voted  for  Lord 
Grenville.)  Sir  Watkin  Williams  Winn  and  his  two  bro- 
thers  are  hurraliing  in  an  open  chaise  drawn  by  Welsh 
goats.  Sheridan  has  doffed  his  harlequin's  jacket  and 
wand.  He  is  putting  his  hand  to  his  head  in  despair 
Annexed  to  his  harlequin's  wand  is  a  notice,  '*  Lost,  sup- 
posed to  be  stolon,  a  Doctor  of  Laws'  new  red  Gown  and 
Bag  Wig."  This  alludes  to  a  joke  circulated  at  the  time, 
that  Sheridan  would  have  had  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws 
conferred  on  him,  but  he  could  not  raise  the  money  to 
purchase  a  gown.  Lord  Henry  Petty,  in  an  academic 
gown  and  wig,  with  a  chimney-sweeper's  brush  and 
shovel  in  his  hands,  is  dancing  merrily.  Crowe,  the  public 
orator,  has  fallen  asleep.  A  pot  of  "  Whitbread's  Entire," 
has  dropt  from  him ;  on  the  floor  by  his  side  is  his  aca- 
demic cap,  and  "  Oratio  Croweiana  ;"  a  dog's  hinder  legs 
are  on  the  oration,  and  he  is  paying  it  the  same  compli- 
ment, as  Hogarth's  dog  paid  to  Churchill's  Poetical  Epistle 
to  his  mastiT.  Behind  the  public  orator  is  a  stone,  in- 
scribed "  Mile  js  from  Oxford  to  Kome,"  and  a  blank  is  left 


358  GILLRAY^S   CAEICATUBES. 

before  ''Miles,''  as  if  the  Popish  proceeding  of  the  Convo- 
cation in  electing  Lord  Grenville  had  left  it  doubtful  how 
much  the  distance  had  been  already  shortened.  Under 
the  balloon  is  seen  a  Broad-Bottomed  elephontj  with  a 
man's  face,  intended  for  Lord  Grenville.  Over  his  den  is 
inscribed,  "Wonder  of  the  World — ^the  biggest  Flying 
Elephant  in  the  whole  Fair/' 

We  shall  now  proceed  to  give  a  short  account  of  the 
installation  of  Lord  Grenville,  which  took  place  on  the  8rd 
of  July,  1810.  The  uninitiated  in  the  ceremonials  of  the 
University  of  Oxford  may  naturally  suppose  that  this  was 
a  day  exclusively  or  especially  dedicated  to  the  installation 
of  the  newly  elected  Chancellor  into  office.  This,  however, 
is  a  popular  error.  The  following  is  the  account  of  the 
ceremony  of  installation  given  by  the  intelligent  Academic 
correspondent  of  the  Oxford  Herald  of  December  23rd, 
1809,  to  whom  we  were  indebted  for  some  interesting 
particulars  respecting  Lord  Grenville's  election.*  "  The 
form  of  investiture  is  generally  conducted  by  a  delegacy, 
which  is  privately  received ;  and  this  is  properly  the  instaiU 
lotion,  though  the  same  term  is  applied  to  the  Commemo- 
ration at  the  ensuing  Act,  when  the  new  Chancellor  first 
takes  the  chair  of  the  University/' 

The  Commemoration  is  always  an  attractive  spectacle 
and  scene  of  gaiety  and  festivity  at  Oxford.  It  was  pre- 
eminently so  on  the  present  occasion,  which  combined  the 
double  celebration  of  the  Commemoration  and  Installa- 
tion. Seventeen  years  had  elapsed  since  the  Installation  of 
the  Duke  of  Portland ;  the  charm  of  novelty  was  therefore 
added  to  most  of  the  spectators.  Lord  GrenviDe  arrived 
in  a  private  manner  at  Oxford  on  the  night  of  the  2nd  of 
July,  and  took  up  his  residence  at  Balliol,  the  College  of 
the  Vice-Chancellor,  as  is  usual.  The  next  morning  Lord 
Grenville,  attended  by  the  University  officials,  went  in 
grand  pi'ocession  to  the  Convocation,  and  was  conducted 

*  Sec  page  347. 


\ 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  359 

to  tlio  Chancellor's  chair.     The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws 
was  conferred  on  the  Marqais  of  Backingham,  Earl  Jersey, 
several  of  the  nobility,  on  the  Right  Hon.  George  Tiemey, 
and  other  distinguished  pablic  and  literary  characters.    It 
is  needless  to  enter  minutely  into  the  details  of  the  pro- 
ceedings ;  we  shall  confine  ourselves  to  noticing  the  speech 
of  the  public  orator,  the  Rev.  Wm.  Crowe.     It  was  com- 
posed in  very  elegant  Latin.    The  following  is  a  translated 
extract  from  it.      After  commemorating  the  virtues  and 
munificence  of  the  most  distinguished  Chancellors  and  other 
benefactors,  from  the  eArliest  periods,  he  turned  to  the 
Chancellor,  and  said  :  "  I  have  not  hesitated  to  celebrate 
the  munificence  of  other  Chancellors  in  your  presence,  for 
I  am  not  apprehensive  that  my  speech  can  be  misinter- 
preted so  far  as  that  any  should  think  I  have  a  design  to 
stimulate  you  to  acts  of  bounty  by  this  recital  of  the 
bounty  of  others.     Your  good-will  to  the  University  is 
already  well  known,  and  she  has  proofs  of  your  liberality* 
for   instance,  in  the  new  annual  prize.*      Other  acts  I 
could  willingly  mention,  but  this  is  not  the  season.    Envy 
is  too  often  the  attendant  upon  virtue,  and  death  alone 
can  extinguish  it.     It  is  not  till  then  that  virtue  has  her 
due  reward.     The  age  to  come  will  not  fail  to  give  you 
most  ample  praise.      But  may  you  long  live  to  preside 
over  us,  and  may  that  day  be  far  distant,  when  your 
praises  will  be  heard  without  envy !     This  is  the  wish  of 
all  who  wish  well  to  our  University.*' 

We  have  stated  that  the  Chancellor's  procession  to  the 
Convocation  was  headed  by  the  University  officials ;  one, 
indeed,  was  absent ;  the  procession  was  not  graced  by  the 
presence  of  the  High  Steward.  The  office  of  High  Steward 
is  the  second  in  dignity  in  the  University ;  it  was  held  by 
Lord  Eldon  ;  ho  knew  and  felt  it  was  his  duty  to  attend 
the  ceremonial.     He  wrote  to  Sir  William  Scott;  '^  As  to 

*  Lunl  Grcnville  had  founded  an  annual  prize  for  the  best  composition 
in  Latin  prose. 


360  oillray's  caricatures. 

what  I  am  to  do  about  the  High  Stewardship,  I  am  willing 
to  pause ;  but  upon  looking  into  the  Statutes,  and  my  oath 
of  office,  I  may  be  called  upon  to  do  what  I  never  will  do. 
The  short  result  seems  to  me  to  be,  and  perhaps  the  best 
result,  that  a  few  weeks  will  send  me  to  dear  Encombe  as 
a  resting-place  between  vexation  and  the  grave."  Surely 
this  was  an  indication  of  a  littleness  of  mind,  and  a  mise- 
rable exhibition  of  party  feeling  and  personal  mortification 
unworthy  of  Lord  Eldon,  and  extraordinary  in  a  Lord 
Chancellor,  for  it  is  the  usual  practice  for  a  retiring  or 
dismissed  Lord  Chancellor  to  attend  his  successor  into  the 
Court  of  Chancery  on  the  first  day  of  the  new  Chancellor's 
taking  his  seat  in  the  Court.  He  ought  to  have  resigned 
his  office  or  discharged  its  duties.  If  he  felt  that  he  could 
not  conscientiously  attend  the  installation  of  a  nobleman 
who  had  advocated  Catholic  Emancipation,  how  did  he 
reconcile  to  himself  his  attendance  on  the  installation  of 
the  Duke  of  Wellington,  who  had  carried  the  question? 
He  then  received  the  marked  plaudits,  which  were  so 
justly  due  to  his  distinguished  attainments,  and  his  pre- 
sence would  have  been  equally  greeted  on  the  former 
occasion,  and  perhaps  even  more  enthusiastically,  because 
his  attendance  would  have  been  considered  a  respectful 
discharge  of  a  painful  duty  he  owed  to  his  Alma  Mater. 
On  the  death  of  Lord  Grenville,  Lord  Eldon  wrote  to  his 
daughter,  Lady  E.  J.  Bankes :  ''  I  take  it,  the  Duke  of 
Wellington  will  certainly  be  the  Chancellor  of  Oxford.  It 
is  singular  that  the  warmest  supporters  of  the  author  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  Bill,  seem  to  be  those  who,  on  account 
of  that  anti- Protestant  measure,  threw  out  Peel  from  his 
situation  of  M.P.^' — (Twiss's  Life  of  Lord  Eldon,  Vol.  ii. 
p.  218.)  Lord  Sidmouth  and  other  friends  wrote  to  him 
to  assure  him  that,  if  he  offered  himself  for  the  vacant 
Chancellorship,  it  was  almost  certain  he  would  be  elected 
without  opposition ;  but  ho  replied  with  becoming  dignity 
that  "  should  ho  thus  lute  in  life  be  elected  to  this  office. 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  361 

it  would  under  the  circumstances  add  comparatively  but 
little  honour  to  one  who  had  held  the  Great  Seal  for  nearly 
a  quarter  of  a  century/'  Lord  Eldon  died  January  13, 1838. 
The  newly  elected  Chancellor  William  Wyndham  Lord 
Grenville  was  bom  Oct.  25,  1759.     He  was  the  third  son 
of  the   Right   Hon.   George   Grenville,  formerly   Prime 
Minister,  and  author  of  the  disastrous  Stamp  Act,  which 
caused  the  American  War,  and  the  loss  of  our  North 
American  colonies.    He  was  educated  at  Eton ;  he  took  a 
prominent  part  in  the  rebellion  under  Doctor  Foster,  and 
shortly   afterwards   removed  to  Christ  Church,  Oxford. 
Here  he  pursued  his  studies  with  untiring  application. 
His  contemporaries  predicted  his  future  eminence.     In 
1 779  he  gained  the  Chancellor's  prize  for  a  composition  in 
Latin  verse ;  the  subject  was  '^  Vis  Electrica.^'     On  quit- 
ting Oxford  he  entered  his  name  as  a  student  at  one  of 
the  Lans  of  Court,  and  intended  to  follow  the  law  as  a  pro- 
fession.    A  more  alluring  prospect  soon  opened  to  his 
view.     In  February,  1782,  he  was  elected  Member  for 
Buckingham,  and  in  the  September  following,  his  eldest 
brother.  Earl  Temple,  being  appointed  Lord-Lieutenant 
of  Ireland,  Mr.  William  Grenville  became  his  private  Secre- 
tary, and  continued  to  discharge  the  duties  of  that  office 
until  June,  1783,  when  a  change  of  Ministry  took  place. 
Mr.  Pitt  became  Prime   Minister  in   December,    1783. 
Mr.  Grenville  was  appointed  Paymaster  of  the  Forces. 
From  his  entrance  into  Parliament  his  attention  to  his  Par- 
liamentary duties,  and  subsequently  to  those  of  the  various 
offices  he  filled,  was  unremitting.    Ho  exhibited  the  same 
perseverance,  diligence  and  methodical  habits,  which  had 
formed  prominent  features  in  the  character  of  his  father. 
He  soon  became  an  able  debater,  and  a  valuable  coadjutor 
of  his  friend  and  relative,  Mr.  Pitt.     On  the  5th  of  Janu- 
ary, 1789,  he  was  elected  Speaker*  of  the  House  of  Com- 

♦  lie  wfts  one  of  the  yonnpost  persoos  wlio  ever  filled  the  Si>cakcr*b  choir, 
being  liitlc  more  than  21»  years  of  age. 


362  gillray's  cakicatubes. 

mons  on  the  death  of  Speaker  Cornwall,  and  in  four  months 
afterwards  was  appointed  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Home 
Department.  On  the  25th  of  November,  1790,  he  was 
created  a  Peer,  in  order  to  take  the  Ministerial  lead  in  the 
House  of  Lords,  for  Lord  Thurlow  had  become  imprac- 
ticable. In  May,  1 791,  he  became  Secretary  of  State  for 
the  Foreign  Department,  and  continued  in  that  office  until 
the  dissolution  of  Mr.  Pitt's  first  Administration.  In 
1795  he  obtained  the  lucrative  office  of  Auditor  of  the 
Exchequer,  now  abolished,  but  which  was  then  held  for 
life.  Ho  warmly  condemned  the  Peace  of  Amiens,  as  sacri- 
ficing some  of  the  best  interests  of  this  country.  This  led 
him  into  opposition  to  the  Addington  Administration,  and 
eventually  to  a  co-operation  with  Fox.  On  Mr.  Pitt's 
return  to  power.  Lord  Grenville  was  invited  to  resume 
office,  but  he  peremptorily  refused  to  do  so  without  Mr. 
Fox,  to  whom  he  considered  himself  bound  in  honour, 
though  not  by  engagement.  He  now  became  the  vigorous 
opponent  of  Pitt.  On  the  death  of  that  Minister  the  Fox  and 
Grenville  Administration  was  formed  in  February,  1806. 
Mr.  Fox  died  in  the  September  of  the  same  year.  The 
Administration  was  dismissed  in  March,  1807,  as  we  have 
stated  in  a  previous  article.  Overtures  were  made  to  Lord 
Grenville  at  the  time  of  the  Regency,  on  the  death  of  Per- 
ceval and  on  the  resignations  of  Canning  and  Lord  Castle- 
reagh,  in  1812,  but  they  terminated  unsuccessfully.  He 
considered  the  acceptance  of  office  with  an  implied  condi- 
tion of  not  supporting  Catholic  Emancipation,  would  have 
been  the  dereliction  of  a  great  constitutional  principle. 

Lord  Grenville's  name  stands  high  among  the  Parlia- 
mentary orators  of  his  time.  In  the  House  of  Lords  he 
was  only  second  to  Lord  Grey.  His  speeches  abounded 
in  information.  He  was  always  master  of  the  subject  on 
which  he  addressed  the  House.  His  diction  was  elegant, 
his  elocution  ready,  he  never  hesitated  for  a  word ;  his 
manner  was  dignified,  but  generally  too  cold,  formal^  and 


POLITICAL   SERIES.  363 

unvaried  to  give  due  effect  to  the  important  matter  con- 
tained in  his  addresses.  He  wanted  the  fire,  spirit  and 
indignant  sarcasm  which  glowed  in  the  speeches  of  Lord 
Grey,  and  the  gracef  ol  delivery  which  gave  additional  force 
to  them.  But,  perhaps,  no  one  ever  heard  Lord  Grenville 
on  a  complex  or  important  question  without  acquiring  in- 
formation ;  he  must  have  often  carried  conviction  to  his 
compeers,  when  he  could  not  secure  their  suffrages. 

From  the  time  of  Lord  Grenville^s  retirement  from  Par- 
liament, he  lived  entirely  at  his  seat  at  Dropmore,  near 
Windsor,  where  he  expended  large  sums  in  laying-out  and 
ornamenting  the  grounds.  He  devoted  himself  to  literary 
pursuits.  In  1810  he  privately  printed  a  volume  in  quarto, 
consisting  of  his  own  literary  compositions  and  translations 
in  Greek,  Latin  and  Italian,  entitled,  "  Nugas  Metricee.*' 
In  the  year  1800,  in  conjunction  with  his  brothers  the 
Marquis  of  Buckingham  and  the  Bight  Hon.  Thomas 
Grenville,  he  had  caused  an  edition  of  the  Iliad  and  Odys- 
sey of  his  favourite  Homer  to  be  printed  at  the  Clarendon 
Press,  Oxford,  and  engaged  Person  to  subjoin  a  collation 
of  the  Harleian  manuscript  of  the  Odyssey  in  the  British 
Museum.  The  large  paper  copies  were  never  sold,  only 
presented  to  their  friends.  They  are  highly  prized  by 
collectors  for  the  beauty  of  the  typography  and  accuracy 
of  the  text.  In  1 806  Lord  Grenville  edited  the  letters  of 
Lord  Chatham  to  his  nephew  Thomas  Pitt,  afterwards 
created  Lord  Camelford.  In  1828  he  published  a  pam- 
phlet on  the  supposed  direct  advantages  of  the  Sinking 
Fund.  He  contended  that  the  only  real  Sinking  Fund  is 
that  which  is  supported  by  a  surplus  revenue.  This  was 
announced  as  the  commencement  of  a  work,  but  the  con- 
tinuation never  appeared.  In  1829,  in  a  pamphlet  entitled 
Oxford  and  Locke,  he  defended  the  University  of  Oxford 
from  the  charge  of  having  expelled  Locke,  against  the 
aspersions  of  Dugald  Stewart. 


set  gillray's  caricatures. 

In  the  ycai*  1829^  Lord  Grcnvillc  liad  the  satisfaction  to 
SCO  Catholic  Emancipation^  for  which  ho  had  mado  so 
many  sacrifices^  carried  by  the  combined  intelligence  and 
commanding  inflaence  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington  and 
Sir  Robert  Peel.  He  died  January  12th,  1834,  in  the  75th 
year  of  his  age. 


END  OF  THE  POLITICAL  SERIES. 


MISCELLANEOUS    SERIES. 


MISCELLANEOUS  SERIES. 

SATIRES  ON  PERSONS  AND  MANNERS. 

Plates  367  to  582. 


367. 
LES  PLAISIRS  DU  MBNAGE.  Aug.  Ut,  1781. 

This  print  is  chiefly  interesting  as  being  one  of  Gillray^s 
earlier  productions,  before  his  style  of  caricaturing  had 
become  formed.  The  catch  it  illustrated  is  said  to  have 
been — 

*'  Give  me  the  sweet  delights  of  life, 
A  smoky  house,  a  failing  trade, 
Six  sqnalling  brats,  and  a  scolding  jade."* 

368. 

GRACE  BEFORE   MEAT;   or,  A  PEEP  AT   LORD 

PETER'S.  (1 778.) 

GEORGE  III.  AND  QUEEN  CHARLOTTE.      LORD    AND   LADY  PETRE. 
LADY  EFFINGHAM.      LORD  AMHERST.      A  CATHOLIC  PRIEST. 

''  Grace  before  Meat,"  is  one  of  the  earliest,  and 
most  probably  the  first  caricature  designed  and  engi'aved 
by  Gillray.  It  is  without  date.  Mr.  Stanley,  in  his  edi- 
tion of  Bryan's  Dictionary  of  Painters  and  Engraver8,t 
conjectures  that  "Paddy  on  Horseback,"  published 
March  1,  1779,  was  the  earliest  of  Gillray^s  caricatures; 
but  from  the  occurrence  here  satirized,  it  is  evident  that 
the  print  must  have  been  published  either  the  latter  end 
of  October,  or  early  in  November,  1778. 

George  III.  had  announced  his  intention  of  having  a 

*  This  popular  catch  was  composed  hy  Dr.  Ilariogtoo  of  Bath, 
t  See  Bryan's   Dictionary  of  Painters  and  En^^avers,  with  namerons 
additions  by  Stanley,  royal  8to.  1849. 

24 


368  gillray's  caricatures. 

grand  review  on  Warley  Common,  on  the  20tli  of 
October,  1 778.  Lord  Petre,  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
of  the  Catholic  Nobility,  invited  their  Majesties  to  take 
up  their  residence  at  his  house,  Thomdon  Hall,  during 
their  progress  to  and  from  Warley.  The  invitation  was 
most  graciously  accepted. 

The  following  account  of  the  reception  and  entertain- 
ment of  their  Majesties  on  the  19th  of  October,  is  given 
in  the  "Morning  Post''  of  October  20,  1778:— ''On 
their  Majesties'  arrival  at  Thorndon  Hall,  they  were  re- 
ceived by  Lord  and  Lady  Petre  at  the  hall  door,  who 
attended  them  to  a  magnificent  drawing-room,  where 
after  the  King  and  Queen  had  taken  some  refreshment,  a 
Levee  was  held, at  which  the  General  Officers,  &c. attended. 
At  five  o'clock  their  Majesties  sat  down  to  dinner  at 
separate  tables,  covered  with  every  delicacy  the  season  could 
produce.  Lady  Petre,  Lady  Effingham,  &c.  &c.  had  the 
honour  to  dine  with  the  Queen  ;  and  Lord  Petre  and  the 
General  Officers,  with  his  Majesty.  In  the  evening  they 
were  entertained  with  a  concert,  of  which  several  of  the 
Nobility  and  Gentry  of  the  County  of  Essex  had  the  honour 
to  partake.'*  The  ''Morning  Chronicle  "  of  October  21st, 
adds  the  following  particulars.  "  Their  Majesties'  arrival 
was  announced  by  the  discharge  of  eleven  pieces  of  small 
cannon,  planted  in  the  front  of  the  house.  Lord  Petre's 
house  and  gardens  were  most  superbly  illuminated.  The 
furniture  of  the  apaii^ments  destined  to  the  use  of  their 
Majesties  is  entirely  new,  grand,  and  noble."  It  adds, 
"The  next  day,  after  the  review,  their  Majesties  re- 
turned to  Thomdon  Hall.  Lord  Amherst  (the  Com- 
mander-in-Chief), the  General  Officers,  Colonels,  and 
Lieut. -Colonels,  had  the  honour  to  dine  with  the  King." 
The  "Gentleman's  Magazine"  for  October  20th,  1778,  p. 
546,  gives  the  following  account :  "  The  King  and  Queen 
went  from  Lord  Petre's  house  at  Thorndon  Place,  Essex, 
where  their  Majesties  lay  the  preceding  night,  to  Warley 


HISCKLLAKEOUS  SERIES.  369 

Common  to  review  the  troops  encamped  at  Warley.  After 
the  review  was  ended,  their  Majesties  returned  to  Lord 
Petre's,  and  next  day,  after  visiting  Ijord  Waldegrave  at 
Navestock,  arrived  at  the  Queen's  House  about  five  o'clock/' 

On  the  22nd  of  October  the  following  liberal  paragraph 
appeared,  in  the  ''  Morning  Post/'  "  Lord  Petre  is  the 
first  Catholic  Peer  who  has  been  honoured  with  a  visit  of 
the  late  nature  from  the  Sovereign,  since  the  Hanoverian 
succession ;  and  since  it  was  thought  necessary  to  throw 
aside  that  illiberality  of  religious  sentiment  which  had  so 
long  kept  the  Prince  and  his  loyal  Catholic  subjects  at  a 
distance  from  each  other,  a  fairer  opportunity  could  not 
have  offered  than  the  present  for  his  Majesty  to  lay  aside 
this  ill-founded  prejudice,  than  by  visiting  the  mansion 
of  a  Catholic  nobleman,  in  the  lines  of  his  encampment ; 
the  loyalty  of  whose  family  has  been  long  tried,  and 
whose  own  private  virtues  and  unbounded  hospitality 
pointed  him  out  as  the  person  on  whom  first  to  confer 
this  mark  of  honour  and  esteem." 

''  The  late  expense  which  Lord  Petre  has  been  at  in 
entertaining  their  Majesties,  is  calculated  by  a  gentleman 
well  acquainted  with  the  whole,  at  about  fifteen  thousand 
pounds ;  eight  thousand  of  which  were  expended  in  addi- 
tional furniture;  sixty  cabinet-makers  and  upholsterers 
being  employed  for  a  month  to  prepare  the  apartments 
for  the  royal  reception.  The  state-bed  cost  alone  two 
thousand  guineas,  though,  after  all,  their  Majesties  did  not 
lay  on  it,  as  on  such  occasions  they  always  sleep  on  their 
own  field-bed,  which  was  sent  down  for  that  purpose."* 

*  Lord  Petre  died  Jnly  2,  1801.  He  married  May  1,  1762,  Anne, 
danghter  of  Philip  Howard,  Esq.,  of  Bnckingham,  Norfolk.  Hif  remains 
were  accompanied  to  the  grave  by  all  his  tenants  in  monming,  and  the 
Volunteer  Corps  of  the  neighbourhood,  and  interred  with  military  honours. 
Be  annually  expended  £6000.  in  charities,  a  practice  that  was  not  discoTered 
till  after  his  Lordship's  death,  and  one  proof,  among  many  others,  that  he 
deserred  the  character  which  he  bore  of  being  one  of  the  best  men  of  the 
age. — Qentleman*8  Magacine  for  July,  1801,  p.  677. 

24  * 


370  gillray's  cakicatures. 

Gillray  appears  to  have  been  scandalized  at  the  thought 
of  a  Protestant  Sovereign  accepting  the  hospitality  of  a 
Boman  Catholic  nobleman^  and  insinuates  that  he  neces- 
sarily subjected  himself  to  having  Popish  rites  and  cer^ 
monies  performed  in  his  presence.  Accordingly  in 
''  Grace  before  Meat  at  Lord  Peter's/'  he  represents 
the  King  and  Queen  seated  under  a  canopy,  at  the  dinner 
table  in  the  banqueting  room  at  Thorndon  Hall.  Their 
Majesties  and  the  assembled  company  have  their  hands 
devoutly  clasped,  and  are  listening  to  the  Grace  pro- 
nounced by  a  Roman  Catholic  Priest,  whose  hands  are 
elevated,  and  his  eyes  steadfastly  fixed  on  a  crucifix.  On 
the  left  of  the  King  hangs  a  painting  of  a  Madonna 
weeping,  her  head  irradiated  with  a  halo  of  glory.  Wo 
must,  however,  be  slow  in  censuring  Gillray  for  illiberality 
in  this  point ;  it  only  shews  that  he  was  not  superior  to 
the  prejudices  of  his  age,  and  perhaps  his  apprehensions 
had  been  excited  by  a  "  Bill  for  the  Relief  of  Roman 
Catholics,'^  which  had  passed  a  short  time  before  ;  for 
even  Horace  Walpole  writes  thus  to  Cole  on  the  21st 
May,  1778,  '^May  not  I,  should  not  I,  wish  you  joy  on 
the  restoration  of  Popery?  I  expect  soon  to  see 
Capuchins  tramping  about,  and  Jesuits  in  hi^h  places. 
We  are  relapsing  fast  to  our  pristine  state,  and  shall  have 
nothing  but  our  island  and  our  old  religion.*'  —  See 
Horace  Walpole's  Letters,  Vol.  5,  p.  484.  Walpole's  editor, 
Sir  Denis  Le  Marchant,  observes  in  a  note,  ''Walpole 
alludes  to  the  Bill  for  the  relief  of  the  Roman  Catholics, 
which  released  their  priests  from  persecution,  and  allowed 
members  of  that  religion  to  purchase  lands,  and  take  them 
by  descent.     It  passed  both  Houses  without  opposition. 


>i 


369. 
THE  GERMAN  DANCING  MASTER,  April  5th,  1782. 

JANSEN. 

This  is  said  to  represent  Jansen,  the  celebrated  German 
dancing-master. 


MISCELLANEOUS    SERIES.  371 

370. 

EEGAEDEZ  MOI.  probably  1782. 

LORD   CHOLMONDELET.  VS8TRIS. 

This  is  a  satire  upon  Lord  Cholmondeley,  who  is 
represented  as  taking  a  lesson  of  the  dancing-master 
Vestris.* 

On  the  table  is  seen  an  open  volume,  entitled,  '^  Elec- 
trical Eel."  This  is  a  misprint  for  ''  Electric  Eel/'  a 
loose  poem  written  by  the  late  James  Perry,  Esq.,  in  1777. 
On  the  floor  lies  another  licentious  poem,  ''The  Torpedo,*' 
dedicated  to  L.  C.  (Lord  Cholmondoley).  On  the  upper 
right  hand  corner  of  the  room  is  a  painting,  representing 
Lord  Cholmondeley  playing  at  hazard  with  a  gentleman, 
who  has  the  head  of  a  fox  (Mr.  Fox).  Mr.  Fox  exclaims, 
"A  nick,  by  God.*'  These  poems  and  the  painting 
sufficiently  indicate  the  taste  and  habits  of  the  noble  lord. 

371. 

A  NATURAL   CROP— alias,  A  NORFOLK  DUMP- 
LING.  Sept.  2l8t,  1791. 

DUKE   OF  NORFOLK. 

A  characteristic  portrait  of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  who 
was  one  of  the  first  to  set  the  example  of  wearing  his 

*  Reoardez-moi  was  the  common  and  frequent  admonition  of  VestriB  to 
his  pnpils.  Ho  was  the  most  celebrated  dancer  and  teacher  of  dancing  of  his 
age.  The  French  bestowed  on  him  the  appellation  of  **  Dieu  de  la  Danse;*' 
this  inspired  him  with  inordinate  yanity,  and  he  was  wont  to  say  there  were 
-only  three  great  men  in  Earopo,  "  Lo  Koi  de  Prasse,  Monsieur  Voltaire,  et 
Moi-mdmc.''  When  ho  introduced  his  son  and  successor  on  the  stage  he 
appeared  in  a  full  court  dress,  with  a  sword  by  his  side,  and  addressed  a 
grandiloquent  oration  to  the  spectators  on  the  sublimity  of  his  art ;  haying 
finished,  he  turned  to  the  young  debutant,  and  said, '"  AUons,  mon  fils, 
montrez  votre  art,  ton  Pire  te  rega/rde.**  This  son  married  Miss  Bartolozsi, 
grand-daughter  of  the  celebrated  engraver,  herself  a  distinguished  comic 
actress;  she  is  now  Mrs.  Charles  Mathews,  but  retains  her  theatrical 
appellation  of  Madame  Vestris. 


872  qillbat's  cabicatubbs. 

hair  without  the  elaborate  dressing  and  powder  then 
prevalent. 

The  following  graphic  sketch  of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk 
by  Bate  Dudly,  in  his  Vortigem  and  Bowena  (jocularly 
pretended  to  be  extracted  from  Shakspeare^s  play  of  that 
name^  in  the  possession  of  Ireland)^  is  so  spirited  and 
appropriate^  that  we  are  persuaded  the  reader  will  be 
gratified  by  its  insertion  in  this  place. 

'^  Should  a  man  in  these  hurlie-burlie  daies^  be  per- 
mitted to  weare  a  heade  on  his  shoulders^  let  him  not 
quarrel  about  the  colour  of  it !  but  if  they  powder  mine, 
they  shall  eat  it  into  the  bargaine !  I'll  weare  my  nob  as 
long  as  I  can^  in  sahle,  for  the  frailties  of  my  bodie  I  The 
knaves  knewe  that  my  sole  dehghts  were  in  rape  and 
canarisy  and  therefore  they  have  clapped  a  double  taze 
on  our  women*  and  wine!'* — Vortigem  and  Bowena, 
Vol.  I.  p.  50. 

372. 

PAILLE  D'AVOINB,— PAILLE  D'AVOINE. 

Nov.  ^Oih,  1786. 

This  sketch  of  one  of  the  cries  of  Paris,  is  only  etched 
by  Gillray,  from  a  drawing  of  Samuel  Egerton  Leigh,  Esq. 

373. 

MONUMENTS  LATELY  DISCOVERED  ON  SALIS- 
BURY  PLAIN.  June  Ihth,  1782. 

MABQUIS  OF  SALISBUBT.      PBINCE  OF  WALES.       MBS.  BOBINSON. 

MABCHIONESS   OF   SALISBUBT. 

This  print  indicates  the  Marquis  of  Salisbury's  jealousy 
of  the  Prince  of  Wales's  pointed  attentions  to  the  Mar- 

*  The  Duke  of  Norfolk,  when  Earl  Sonej,  was  a  strennoiu  opponent  o£ 
Pitt's  Tax  on  Maid-«enrants,  and  in  oonjonction  with  Fox  and  ShflridaD, 
succeeded  in  obtaining  itc  repeal. 


HISCSLLANEOUS   SEBIES.  373 

chioness  of  Salisbury.  Horns  are  sprouting  out  of  his 
head.  Bate  Dudly,  in  his  Vortigem  and  Rowena,  con- 
cludes the  sketch  of  the  Marquis  of  Salisbury  thus  :  he  is 
''so  great  a  naturalist^  that  he  knows  the  bvddinge  season 
by  the  note  of  the  propheticke  cuckoe/' 

Gillray  makes  the  Marquis  exclaim^  ''Zounds,  Sir, 
leave  nay  wife  alone^or  I'll  tell  the  old  Wig*'  {id  est,  the 
Bjng).  The  beautiful  and  accomplished  Mrs.  Robinson 
(who  acquired  the  sobriquet  of  Perdita,  from  her  admirable 
performance  of  that  character  in  the  Winter's  Tale),  is  the 
deserted  lady.  She  left  for  publication  Memoirs  of  her 
Life,  in  4  vols,  duodecimo,  printed  in  1801,  in  which  she 
gave  an  account  of  her  connection  with  the  Prince  of 
Wales.  When  she  was  abandoned  by  her  royal  lover 
she  formed  a  liaison  with  General  Tarleton.  Fox  also 
was  one  of  her  admirers,  and  one  of  the  caricatures  of  the 
day  represents  her  driving  her  own  phaeton,  with  Fox  by 
her  side,  intimating  that  she  kept  him,  not  he  her. 


374. 
LA  BELLE  ASSEMBLEE.  May  I2th,  1787. 

LADT  MOUNT-EDOECUMBE.   LADT  ARCHER.    HON.  MISS  JEFFRIES. 
HON.    MRS.    HOBART.  LADY   CECILIA  JOHNSTON. 

Some  of  the  more  remarkable  ladies  of  the  bon  tan  of 
the  day,  most  of  whom  will  be  recognised  in  the  following 
caricatures.  Lady  Archer,  of  riding  and  hunting  noto- 
riety (indicated  by  her  whip),  brings  a  lamb  as  an  offering, 
a  contrast,  it  appears,  to  her  own  temper;  Lady  Mount- 
Edgecumbe  is  similarly  satirized  in  her  offering  of  a  pair 
of  doves ;  Miss  Jeffries  brings  the  offerings  of  Flora ;  and 
the  Hon.  Mrs.  Hobart  pours  incense  on  the  altar.  The 
lyre  is  placed  in  the  hands  of  Lady  Cecilia  Johnston,  a 
well  known  votary  of  fashion. 


371'  oillray's  caricatures. 

375. 
THE  ASSAUT  D'ARMES,  OR  FENCING  MATCH, 
WHICH  TOOK  PLACE  AT  CARLTON  HOUSE, 
ON  THE  9th  of  APRIL,  1787,  BETWEEN 
MADEMOISELLE  LA  CHEVALIERE  D'EON  DE 
BEAUMONT,  AND  MONSIEUR  DE  SAINT 
GEORGE. 

Bellatrix,  audetque  viris  concurrere  Virgo, 
Ilac  Tincit  Marcs  divina  Palladis  arte. 

PRINCE  OF  WALES.       MRS.  FITZHERBERT.       CHEVALIER  DE  SAINT 
GEORGE.  MADEMOISELLE    LA  CHEVALIERE    d'eON. 

We  have  extracted  the  following  account  of  the  Cheva- 
lier Saint  George  from  H.  Angelo's  Pic  Nic  or  Table 
Talk,  p.  21—25. 

"  The  Chevalier  de  St.  George  was  born  at  Guadaloape. 
lie  was  the  son  of  M.  de  Boulogne,  a  rich  planter  in  the 
colony,  and  who  became  the  more  fond  of  him,  as  he  was 
the  result  of  an  illicit  connexion,  by  no  means  uncommon 
in  the  West  Indies.  His  mother  was  a  negress,  and  was 
known  under  the  name  of  the  handsome  Nanon.  She 
was  justly  considered  as  one  of  the  finest  women  that 
Africa  had  ever  sent  to  the  Plantations.  The  Chevalier 
de  St.  George  united  in  his  ow^n  person  the  grace  and 
features  of  his  mother,  with  the  strength  and  firmness  of 
M.  de  Boulogne/^  "  He  excelled  in  all  the  bodily  exer- 
cises in  which  he  engaged ;  but  the  art  in  which  he  sur- 
passed all  his  contemporaries  and  predecessors,  was  fencing. 
No  professor  or  amateur  ever  shewed  so  much  accuracy, 
such  strength  of  lunge,  and  such  quickness.  His  attacks 
were  a  perpetual  series  of  hits ;  his  pai*ade  was  so  close 
that  it  was  in  vain  to  attempt  to  touch  him ;  in  short,  he 
wjis  all  nerve."  "  He  had  the  honour  of  fencing  before 
his  Royal  Highness  with  Fabian,  a  celebrated  professor 
at  Paris,  and  thrusting  carte  and  tierce  with  Madame  la 
Chcvaliere  d^Kon."    **  lie  served  as  a  Colonel  of  Hussan> 


MISCELLANEOUS    SERIES.  375 

under  Dumouriez  in  Brabant.     He  died  at  Paris  in  1810 
or  1811.'' 

In  this  print,  representing  the  fencing  scene  between 
the  Chevalier  St.  George  and  D'Eon  at  Carlton  House, 
the  spectator  will  observe  D'Eon  has  made  a  successful 
thrust,  and  hit  St.  George  in  the  sword  arm. 

^Mademoiselle  La  Chevaliebe  d'Eon.  The  follow- 
ing account  of  this  extraordinary,  we  had  almost  said, 
amphibious  person,  is  given  in  Mr.  Britten's  entertaining 
autobiography.  '^  During  nearly  the  whole  of  these  three 
years  it  was  my  custom  to  dine  at  an  eating-house  in  Great 
Turnstile,  Holbom,  on  very  cheap  and  moderate  fare ;  the 
cost  of  the  meal,  with  beer,  seldom  exceeding  nine  pence. 
In  an  humble  room,  the  parlour  of  this  establishment,  I 
became  acquainted  with  several  persons,  both  male  and 
female ;  for  some  of  the  latter  sex  were  occasional  visitors. 
One,  of  questionable  nature  in  this  respect,  excited  much 
curiosity  and  speculation  at  the  time,  and  for  many  years 
afterwards.  This  was  the  noted  Chevalier  d'Eon.  At 
the  time  I  met  him  he  dressed  in  female  attire,  and  was 
respectable  and  respected.  Though  an  occasional  guest 
at  this  humble  house  of  refreshment,  it  was  evident  that  he 
had  been  accustomed  to  refined  society,  and  was  courteous, 
well-informed  on  various  subjects,  and  communicative.  I 
own  that  I  always  hailed  the  meeting  with  gratification, 
and  that  it  induced  me  to  prolong  my  dinner-time  till  the 
last  moment.  The  history  and  adventures  of  this  extra- 
ordinary person  were  full  of  romance,  and  it  is  to  be 
regretted  that  they  were  not  put  on  record  by  himself. 
'  His  story,  (says  Lysons,  Environs  of  London,  Vol.  ii. 
part  2,  p.  644),  has  for  many  years  excited  much  curiosity 
and  interest.  After  distinguishing  himself  in  the  service 
of  his  native  country,  as  a  soldier  and  negotiator,  he 
assumed  the  habit  of  a  female  at  the  requisition  of  the 
French  Court,  and  as  such  was  appointed  to  a  situation  in 
the  household  of  the  Queen ;    but  he  is  now  known  to  be 


376  oillbat's  cabicatubes. 

tlie  son  of  a  gentloman  of  an  ancient  and  respectable 
family  at  Tonnferre  in  Burgundy,  where  he  was  bom, 
October  2,  1728.  Though  subjected  to  many  hardships 
and  vicissitudes,  he  lived  to  attain  his  eighty-second  year, 
and  died  at  a  lodging  in  Millman  Street,  Lamb's  Conduit 
Street,  London,  May  21, 1810,  and  his  corpse  was  interred 
in  the  old  parish  churchyard  of  St.  Pancras.  The  body 
was  examined  after  death  by  Mr.  T.  Copeland,  and  Mr. 
Capue,  in  presence  of  Mr.  Adair,  Mr.  Wilson,  and  Le 
Pere  Ellis^e,  who  verified  that  the  deceased  was  a  per- 
feci  male.  A  post  mortem  drawing  was  made  by  Mr.  C. 
Turner,  and  engraved.  (I  have  a  copy.)  The  register 
of  his  baptism  states  the  child  to  be  a  boy,  though  the 
sex  appears  then  to  have  been  doubtful.*  Throughout 
life  the  personal  appearance,  manners,  and  modest  demea- 
nour of  the  Chevalier^  were  indicative  of  the  female  sex. 
As  a  man,  he  was  noted  for  courage,  was  an  officer 
in  the  anny,t  an  accomplished  horseman,  learned  in 
different  languages,  an  elegant  and  skilful  fencer,  and 
had  fought  three  or  four  duels.  Li  female  attire,  in 
England,  he  exhibited  his  address  and  skill  at  Banelagh 
and  the  Opera  House,  and  also  gave  lessons.  As  an 
author,  he  wrote  several  works  on  Statistics,  History, 
Politics,  &c.:|:    The  Magazines  and  Newspapers  of  London 


*  In  the ''  Biographie  Uniyerselle"  his  name  is  given,  Charlee-GeneTi^Te- 
Louise- Augaste-Andr^-Timothee  d'Eon  de  Beanmont  But  a  foot-note  says, 
**  Sous  les  Registres  de  la  Paroisse  on  lui  donne  le  nom  de  Charlotte,  &c 
mais  cette  piece  est  remplie  de  fantes  d'orthographo,  on  de  oontradictiofWy 
peut-dtre  faites  &  dessein." 

t  He  was  Aide-de-Camp  to  Marshal  Broglio. 

X  Horace  Walpole,  in  his  Memoirs  of  George  HI.,  VoL  i.,  p.  392,  says, 
<*  On  the  23rd  of  March  (1764)  appeared  one  of  the  most  extraordinarj 
books  ever  published,  and  though  written  by  a  foreigner,  and  in  French,  by 
no  means  inferior  in  detraction  to  the  North  Britons.  It  was  a  huge  qoarto, 
called, '  Lettres  Memoircs  et  Negotiations  particulieres  du  Cheyalier  d'Eoo,* 
&c.,  and  contained  the  history  of  his  employments,  troubles,  quarrel  with 
Monsieur  dc  Guerchy,  and  his  own  wonderfully  imprudent  and  inmlent 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  377 

abound  with  anecdotes  and  accounts  of  tliis  remarkable 
person,  particularly  the  Gentleman's  for  18 10/  *' — Britton'ft 
Autobiography,  pp.  83,  84. 

We  may  add,  that  some  very  curious  particulars  of  the 
Chevalier  d'Eon  are  given  in  Henry  Angelo's  Memoirs  of 
his  Father,  Vol.  ii.  pp.  55 — 60.  H.  Angelo  knew  him 
when  he  first  appeared  in  this  country  in  male  attire,  as  a 
French  captain  of  dragoons,  and  subsequently  when  he 
returned  to  England  in  female  apparel.  He  candidly 
confesses  that  he  materially  assisted  his  father  in  his 
Treatise  on  Fencing.*  We  ourselves  recollect  to  have  met 
the  Chevalier  in  the  latter  years  of  his  life  at  the  house  of 
a  friend.  He  looked  a  heavy  unwieldy  figure  in  his  female 
habiliments,  but  his  manners  were  soft,  easy,  and  refined, 
suited  to  the  costume  he  had  adopted,  and  the  sex  he 
personated. 

letters  to  the  Due  de  Praslin,  the  second  Minister  in  power  at  the  Court  at 
Versailles.     The  contempt  expressed  for  the  Comte  de  Onerchj  was 
transcendent,  but  yet  this  was  not  the  most  reprehensible  part  of  the  work. 
With  the  most  indefensible  wantonness  D'Eon  had  inserted  the  childishly 
fond,  but  friendly  letters  of  his  patron,  the  Due  de  Nivemois.    With  still 
greater  indiscretion,  he  published  others  of  an  intimate  friend  employed  in 
the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State  at  Versailles,  in  which  that  friend,  in 
confidence,  had  familiarly  censured  his    masters :    and    with  the  most 
abominable  treachery  D'Eon  added  confidential  letters  between  the  Dues  de 
Nivemois  and  Praslin,  in  which,  though  with  good  will  towards  Mm,  they 
spoke  of  their  intimate  friend,  Monsieur  de  Guerchy,  with  much  contemptuous 
pity,  which  might  be  excused  between  such  near  friends,  though  neyer  to  be 
pardoned  by  Guerchy.    These  letters  D'Eon,  when  trusted  with  the  Due  de 
Nivemois'  keys,  had  stolen  or  copied/'    Horace  Walpole's  editor,  Sir  Denis 
le  Marchant,  in  a  note  on  this  passage  observes,  '<  In  his  passion  D'Eon  for- 
got the  laws  of  decency  as  well  as  of  honour,  and  the  publication  of  his 
book  injured  him  certainly  not  less  than  his  enemies.    It  had  an  immense 
circulation,  and  the  attempts  to  suppress  it  at  Paris,  of  course,  serred  to 
make  it  more  sought  after.    Lord  Holland,  who  happened  to  be  there  at 
that  time,  used  to  lend  his  copy  by  the  ?iour."    In  further  illustration  of  the 
preceding  extract  from  Walpole's  Memoirs,  we  may  state,  that  the  CheTalier 
D*Eon  came  to  England  in  1761  as  Private  Secretary  to  the  Due  do  Ifiver- 
nois,  then  the  French  Ambassador  in  England. 
*  Published  in  London,  1763. 


378  gillray's  caricatures. 

Gibbon  makes  the  following  whimsical  comparison 
between  Pope  Joan  and  the  Chevalier  d'Eon.  Having 
referred  to  the  fabulous  history  of  Pope  Joan^  and  her 
having  had  an  amour  with  a  domestic^  in  consequence  of 
which  she  became  pregnant,  and  was  suddenly  taken  ill 
and  delivered  of  a  child  as  she  was  going  in  procession 
to  the  Lateran  Church,  and  died  on  the  spot ;  he  adds, 
"  As  false,  this  deserves  the  name  of  a  fable,  but  I  would 
not  pronounce  it  incredible.  Suppose  a  famous  French 
Chevalier  of  our  own  times  to  have  been  in  Italy,  and  to 
have  been  educated  for  the  Church,  instead  of  the  Army. 
Her  merit  or  fortune  might  have  raised  her  to  St.  Peter's 
chair ;  her  amours  would  have  been  natural ;  her  delivery 
in  the  streets  unlucky,  but  not  improbable." 

376. 
MARGARET'S   GHOST.  March  2oth,  1791. 

HI8S  GUNNING,   MBS.  GUNNING,   AND   MISS   MARGARET   MINIFIE. 

Mrs.  Gunning  was  accused  of  having  attempted  to 
bring  about  a  marrige  of  her  daughter  with  the  Marquis 
of  Blandford,  son  of  the  Duke  of  Marlborough,  and 
the  subject  was  much  talked  and  written  about  in  the 
fashionable  world  at  this  time. 

Gillray  has  laid  the  scene  of  this  print  in  Miss  Gunning's 
bedroom.  Mias  Gunning  is  lying  ill  in  bed  ;  her  mother 
is  seated  by  her  bedside.  Her  aunt.  Miss  Margaret 
Minifie  is  introduced  as  ^'  Margaret's  Grimly  Ghost ;"  her 
terrific  appearance  has  struck  consternation  into  the  fair 
invalid,  and  frightened  Mrs.  Gunning  from  her  propriety; 
by  a  sudden  start  she  has  overturned  a  bottle  of  brandy, 
placed  by  her  side  to  soothe  her  sorrows.  Mrs.  Gunning 
says,  "  I  was  sitting  by  the  bedside  of  my  smiling-injured- 
innoccnt  lambkin,  and  holding  one  of  the  sweet-tender 
hands  of  my  amiablo-gcntle-doveliko  cherub,  when  her 
aunt  came  into  the  room,  with  a  face  paler  than  ashes 


MISCELLANEOUS    SERIES.  379 

— 'What  is  the  matter,  Auntee  Peg/  says  my  chaste, 
adorable,  kind-beneficent-enchanting-heart-feeling-benofi- 
cent-paragon  of  goodness,  "  What's  the  matter,  Auntee 
Peg,  what  makes  you  put  on  such  a  long  face  V  "  This 
absurd  accumulation  of  foolish  expressions  of  fondness  is 
taken  almost  literally  from  passages  in  Mrs.  Gunning's 
letter  to  the  Duke  of  Argyll.  Again,  '^  He  broke  upon  us 
th^  dishonourablc-infamous-impudent-false  accusations, 
and  the  cruel,  most  cruel  messages  that  accompanied 
them,  at  that  moment  a  vow  issued  from  my  torn,  my 
rent,  my  wounded,  my  agonized,  my  suflfering  heart,  and 
my  dear,  divine,  glorious,  arch-angelic  angel  said,''  &c.  &c. 
This  alludes  to  General  Gunning's  accusation  of  his 
daughter. 

See  further  particulars  in  the  explanation  annexed  to 
the  next  print. 

377. 
BETTY   CANNING   REVIVED;    or,   A    PEEP  AT 
THE  CONJURATION  OF  MARY  SQUIRES,  AND 
THE  GYPSEY  FAMILY.  March  25f/i,  1792. 

MISS  GUNNING,  MRS.  GUNNING,   NAUNTEE   PEG    (mISS   MINIPIE), 

AND   GEN.   gunning's   GROOM. 

This  caricature  refers  to  the  same  occurrence  as  the  pre- 
ceding print.  It  is  a  parody  on  the  well  known  story  of 
Elizabeth  Canning  and  her  pretended  persecutions.  It 
alludes  to  a  circumstance  which  caused  considerable  sen- 
sation in  the  fashionable  world. 

General  Gunning  had  a  most  beautiful  and  accomplished 
daughter;  her  charms  attracted  many  admirers,  among 
others  the  Marquis  of  Blandford,  eldest  son  of  the  Duko 
of  Marlborough,  and  the  Marquis  of  Lorn,  eldest  son  of 
the  Duke  of  Argyll.  At  first  the  young  lady  seemed  to 
favour  the  pretensions  of  the  Marquis  of  Lorn,  but  in  a 
short  time  she  evinced  a  decided  preference  for  the  Mar- 
quis of  Blandford.     The  Duke  of  Argyll,  who  had  married 


880  oillrat's  cabicatubes. 

the  widow  of  the  Duke  of  Hamilton,*  a  sister  of  General 
Gunning,  inquired  of  the  General,t  whether  the  Duke  of 
Marlborough  was  apprised  of  his  son's  attentions  to  his 
daughter,  and  approved  of  the  projected  matrimonial 
alliance.  The  General  frankly  admitted  he  did  not  know, 
but  would  immediately  address  a  letter  to  the  Duke  of 
Marlborough  on  the  subject,  and  if  he  disapproved  of  the 
match,  he  would  at  once  put  an  end  to  the  affair.  Accord- 
ingly he  wrote  a  letter  to  the  Duke,  and  sent  it  to  Blen- 
heim by  his  groom.  He  received  an  answer  expressive  of 
the  Duke's  entire  approval  of  his  son's  choice,  and  of  his 
own  deep  sense  of  the  good  qualities  of  the  young  lady. 
General  Gunning  immediately  repaired  to  the  Duke  of 
Argyll,  who,  having  read  the  letter  attentively,  expressed 
strong  suspicions  of  its  authenticity.  General  Gunning 
then  went  to  Lord  Charles  Spencer,  the  Duke's  brother, 
who  unhesitatingly  pronounced  the  letter  to  be  "an  awk- 
ward imitation  of  the  Duke  of  Marlborough's  handwriting." 
The  seal  was  either  an  impression  from  a  small  seal,  which 
the  Duke  had  ceased  to  use  for  many  years,  or  from  one 
copied  from  it.  General  Gunning  returned  home,  and 
questioned  his  wife  and  daughter  on  the  subject;  they 
assured  him  the  letter  was  genuine,  or  they  had  been  im- 
posed on.  The  General  next  interrogated  the  groom,  who, 
impelled  partly  by  threats,  and  partly  by  solicitations,  con- 
fessed he  had  been  bribed  by  Miss  Gunning,  who  had  fur- 
nished him  with  the  letter.  The  General  then  turned  his 
daughter  out  of  his  house,  and  shortly  after  separated  from 
his  wife.;]:  Mrs.  Gunning  published  a  large  pamphlet,  en- 
titled, "  A  Letter  to  the  Duke  of  Argyll,"  in  which  she 
attributed  the  forgery  to  Captain  and  Mrs.  Bowen,  whom 

*  This  Lady  was  mother  of  the  present  Duke  of  Hamilton. 

t  Another  sister  of  the  General  married  the  Earl  of  CoTentTj. 

%  In  1792  an  action  was  brought  by  James  Dnberley,  Ksq.,  againtt 
General  Gunning,  for  having  committed  adultery  with  his  wife.  The  Jury 
awarded  £5000.  damages.  In  summing  up,  Lord  Kenyon  designated 
General  Gunning,  "  a  hoary,  shameful,  and  detestable  lecher.'* 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  381 

she  had  offended  by  endeavouring  to  prevent  their  mar- 
riage, at  the  earnest  solicitation  of  Mrs.  Bowen^s  father. 
But  Mrs.  Gunning  does  not  attempt  to  explain  how  the 
Bo  wens  became  acquainted  with  the  General's  intention 
to  write  to  the  Duke  of  Marlborough,  or  transmit  his 
letter  by  his  groom.  The  Duke  of  Argyll  declined  all  fur- 
ther intercourse  with  his  sister-in-law,  Mrs.  Gunning,  and 
his  niece,  Miss  Gunning.  The  occurrence  gave  rise  to 
several  pamphlets. 

In  this  print  Gillray  depicts  Miss  Elizabeth  Gunning 
consulting  a  female  necromancer,  and  swearing  an  affidavit 
before  her.  "  I  swear  that  I  never  wished  or  tried,  directly 
or  indirectly,  to  get  a  coronet ;  that  I  never  saw  or  wrote 
to  Lord  B.  (the  Marquis  of  Blandford)  or  Lord  L.  (Mar- 
quis of  Lorn)  in  all  my  life,'*  &c.  The  old  hag  has  a 
broom  by  her  side,  and  other  symbols  of  her  art  upon  the 
table ;  she  replies,  ''  Well  done,  Bett !  we'll  get  through 
the  business,  Fll  warrant  you.  We  can  write  all  sorts  of 
hands,  we've  got  all  sorts  of  seals,  and  with  the  assistance 
of  our  old  friend  under  the  table,  we  shall  be  able  to  gull 
them."  The  friend  under  the  table  is  the  devil.  He  ex- 
claims, *'  Swear  !''  The  groom  is  shadowed  in  the  extreme 
left  of  the  print.  He  says,  '^  I'm  ready  to  ride  or  swear." 
A  sign-post  points  out  the  road  to  Blenheim.  On  the 
right  hand  of  the  print  Mrs.  Gunning  is  kindling  a  flame 
by  blowing  the  fire  with  a  pair  of  bellows,  on  which  is 
inscribed,  "  Letter  to  the  Duke  of  A."  (Duke  of  Argyll), 
she  says,  ''  That's  right,  my  sweet  innocent  angel !  say 
grace  boldly,  make  haste,  my  dear  little,  lovely  lambkin, 
m  blow  up  the  fire,  while  Nauntee  Peg  helps  to  cook  up 
the  coronets ;  we'll  get  you  a  nice  little  tit-bit  for  dinner 
before  we've  done,  my  dear,  httle  deary."  Nauntee  Peg 
(Miss  Minifie)  is  stirring  the  pot  upon  the  fire  with  a  ladle, 
she  says,  ^'  Puff  away,  sister.  The  soup  will  soon  boil. 
Law's  me,  how  soft  the  green  peas  do  grow,  and  how  they 
jump  about  in  the  pot  when  you  puff  your  bellows." 


382  GILLRAY's   CARrCATURES. 

378. 
THE  THUNDERER.  Aug.  20th,  1782. 

PRINCE   OF  WALES.  MAJOR  TOPHAM. 

MRS.  ROBINSON  {as  a  whirligig). 

Major  Topham  was,  at  the  period  of  the  publication  of 
this  caricature,  Brigade-Lieutenant  of  the  Second  Troop 
of  Horse  Guards  ;  equivalent  in  rank  to  Captain  in  a  regi- 
ment of  Infantry.  He  was  a  man  of  fashion,  possessed 
considerable  intelligence  and  knowledge  of  the  world, 
imited  with  agreeable  manners.  He  had  ingratiated  him- 
self into  the  favour  of  the  Prince  of  Wales,  and  was  one  of 
his  early  companions.  Gillray  has  depicted  him  as  enact- 
ing the  part  of  Captain  Bobadil.  He  is  flourishing  his 
sword  in  the  front  of  the  Prince  of  Wales,  and  says :  "  They 
have  assaulted  me,  some  three,  four,  five,  or  six  of  them 
together,  and  I  have  driven  them  afore  me  like  a  flock  of 
sheep ;  but  this  is  nothing,  for  often  in  a  mere  frolic,  I 
have  challenged  twenty  of  them,  killM  them — challenged 
twenty  more,  killM  them, — twenty  more,  killM  them, — 
twenty  more,  kilPd  them  too ;  and  thus  in  a  day  have  I 
killed  twenty  score ;  twenty  score,  that's  two  hundred* — two 
hundred  a  day ;  five  days,  that's  a  thousand, — that's  a — 
zounds,  I  can't  number  them  half, — and  all  civilly  and 
feirly  with  one  poor  Toledo."  It  would  seem  as  if  he 
wished  to  impress  upon  the  Prince  the  value  and  import*- 
ance  of  such  an  ally,  while  indulging  in  the  frolics  and 
gaieties  of  youth.  The  Prince  replies  :  "  Fd  as  lief  as 
twenty  crowns  I  cou'd  talk  as  fine  as  you.  Captain."  On 
the  right  hand  upper  corner  of  the  print  is  a  house  of  en- 

*  Ben  Jonscn  has  made  the  magnanimous  Bobadil  a  sorry  arithmetician  ; 
we  should  not  have  supposed  that  he  would  have  underrated  the  number  he 
had  slain,  but  rather  that  he  would  hare  declared  that  in  sober  troth, 
*'  twenty  score"  made  four  hundred,  and  confirmed  the  asseyeratioD  **  bj  the 
foot  of  Pharaoh/*  and  '*  as  he  was  a  soldier  and  a  gentleman.*' 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  383 

tertainment,  called  ''  The  Wliirligig;*'  on  the  upper  part 
of  the  sign-post  is  a  female  figure,  who  says : — 

<*  Thif  is  the  lad  I'd  kiss  most  sweety 
Who*d  not  ioTe  a  soldier  ?" 

At  the  bottom  is  painted,  '^  Alamode  Beef  hot  every 
night/'  Perhaps  it  is  intended  to  be  insinuated  that  Top- 
ham  had  introduced  the  Prince  to  some  house  of  enter- 
tainment, unsuited  to  his  rank  and  dignity. 

Major  Topham,  however,  was  not  a  mere  vapouring  sol- 
dier ;  he  could  wield  a  pen  as  well  as  a  sword.  He  became 
proprietor  of  the  *'  World''  newspaper,  which  he  enlivened 
with  fashionable  news,  anecdote  and  pleasantry;  some- 
times he  assumed  the  province  of  a  moral  censor,  and  many 
felt  the  keenness  and  severity  of  his  strictures;  among 
others  the  family  of  Earl  Cowper.  On  the  22nd  of  Decem- 
ber, 1789,  died  at  Florence,  Gteorge  Nassau  Clavering, 
third  Earl  Cowper.''^  As  soon  as  the  news  of  his  demise 
reached  England,  a  character  of  him  appeared  in  the 
*'  World,"  in  which  he  w€is  held  up  to  public  scorn,  as  an 
infamous  character,  polluted  by  almost  every  vice,  and 
deserving  the  execration  of  mankind.  He  was  accordingly 
indicted  for  a  libel  on  the  late  Earl.  We  have  not  been 
able  to  obtain  a  sight  of  the  newspaper,  but  we  can  collect 
with  accuracy  the  substance  of  the  alleged  libel  from  the 
indictment.  It  charges  him  with  endeavouring  ''  to  cause 
it  to  be  believed  that  the  said  Earl  in  his  lifetime  was  a 
person  of  a  vicious  and  depraved  mind  and  disposition,  and 
destitute  of  filial  duty  and  affection,  and  of  all  honourable 
and  virtuous  sentiments  and  inclinations,  and  that  the  said 
Earl  led  a  wicked  and  profligate  course  of  life,  and  had 
addicted  himself  to  the  practice  and  use  of  the  most  cri- 
minal and  unmanly  vices  and  debaucheries."  Major  Top- 
ham  defended  the  action^  and  instructed  his  Counsel  to 

*  He  was  descended  from  Lord  Keeper  Cowper,  and  was  father  of  the 
late  Earl  Cowper. 

25 


384  oillray's  caricatures. 

maintain  that  the  dead  enjoyed  no  immunity  from  just 
reprobation^  which  it  was  as  necessary  to  inflict  to  deter  the 
living  from  a  vicious  course  of  lif e^  as  it  was  just  and  pleas- 
ing to  bestow  praise  on  good  men,  to  incite  their  survivors 
to  a  course  of  honourable  action.  The  cause  was  tried 
before  Judge  Buller,*  who  pronounced  the  character  of 
the  deceased  to  be  a  libel,  as  it  tended  to  a  breach  of  the 
peace !  !  Topham  was  found  guilty !  Still  the  Major  per- 
severed. He  instructed  his  Counsel  to  move  for  an  arrest 
of  judgment  on  the  ground  of  the  misdirection  of  the  judge 
to  the  jury,  and  that  he  had  been  convicted  on  an  illegal 
technicality ;  for  there  could  be  no  breach  of  the  peace 
between  the  dead  and  the  living.  The  case  was  argued  at 
great  length  before  the  Court  of  King's  Bench  by  the 
ablest  counsel  on  each  side.  The  Court  granted  an  arrest 
of  judgment ;  but  took  time  to  consider  its  decision.  After 
a  long  protracted  delay  (perhaps  from  a  hope  that  neither 
party  would  pray  for  a  decision),  on  the  29th  of  January, 
1791,  Lord  Kenyon  delivered  the  judgment  of  the  Court 
in  a  most  elaborate  speech,  and  ordered  the  rule  to  be 
MADE  absolute,  and  thus  virtually  overset  the  verdict  of 
the  jury.  We  are  indebted  to  "  The  Thunderer"  for  the 
signal  triumph  of  this  branch  of  the  Libertt  of  the  Press, 
which  is  now  established  on  a  firm  basis  by  the  solemn 
decision  of  the  Court  of  King's  Bench.  (See  Dumford  and 
East's  Term  Reports,  Vol.  4,  folio,  p.  126  to  130.)  The 
English  historian  and  biographer  is  now  only  restrained  by 
the  moral  obligation,  '^  ne  quid  falsi  dicere  audeat,  ne  quid 
veri  non  audeat ;"  and  it  deserves  to  be  recorded  that  we 
are  indebted  to  Major  Topham  for  the  judicial  recognition 
of  this  invaluable  privilege. 

*  Buller  was  generally  considered  a  harsh  judge,  and  nnfriendlj  to  the 
liberty  of  the  press.  He  is  now  chiefly  remembered  from  his  sobriquet  ol 
"  Judge  Thumb/'  he  having  laid  it  down  as  the  law  of  England,  that  a 
husband  might  chastise  his  wife  with  a  stick  "not  thicker  than  his  thumb." 
This  dictum  caused  him  to  be  assailed  in  epigrams,  satires  and  caricatures. 


MISCBLLANEOOS   SERIES.  385 

379. 
ORNAMENTS  OP   CHELSEA    HOSPITAL;    or,   A 
PEEP    INTO    THE    LAST    CENTURY. 

Jan.  \9th,  1789. 

A  CHELSEA   PENSIONER.  DR.    MESSBNQBR  MONSEY. 

We  think  we  cannot  do  better  than  present  the  reader 
with  the  following  extracts  from  Faulkner's  History  of 
Chelsea,  respecting  Doctor  Messenger  Monsey.  They 
render  intelligible  the  epitaph,  which  Gillray  has  subjoined 
to  the  print,  and  which  might  otherwise  appear  exagge- 
rated and  caricatured,  when  in  fact  it  is  little  more  than 
a  versification  of  the  testamentary  directions  of  the  eccen- 
trie  physician  of  Chelsea  Hospital. 

^'  Dr.  Messenger  Mousey  was  bom  in  1693  at  a  remote 
village  in  the  county  of  Norfolk,  of  which  his  father  was 
rector.  He  received  a  good  classical  education,  and  after 
spending  five  years  at  the  University,  studied  physic  for 
some  time  under  Dr.  Wrench,  at  Norwich ;  from  which 
place  he  went  and  settled  as  a  physician  at  Bury  St. 
Edmunds.  Having  accidentally  afibrded  some  professional 
assistance  to  the  Earl  of  Godolphin,  that  nobleman  took 
him  under  his  protection,  and  introduced  him  to  many,  of 
the  first  characters  of  the  age.  He  was  made  Fellow  of 
the  Royal  Society,  and  in  1742  succeeded  Dr.  Tessier,  as 
Physician  to  Chelsea  Hospital.  His  character  and  humour 
bore  a  striking  resemblance  to  that  of  Dean  Swift.  By 
his  will  he  directed  that  his  body  should  not  suffer  any 
funeral  ceremony,  but  undergo  dissection;  after  which, 

the  remainder  of  his  ca/rcasey^  to  use  his  own  expression, 

may  be  put  into  a  Iwle,  or  crammed  into  a  box  with  holes, 
and  thrown  into  the  Thames,  at  the  pleasure  of  the  sur- 
geon.''  The  surgeon  to  whom  he  assigned  this  charge, 
was  Mr.  Forster,  of  Union  Court,  Broad  Street ;  who,  in 
pursuance  of  the  Doctor's  singular  will,  delivered  a  dis- 
course in  the  theatre  of  Guy's  Hospital,  to  a  numerous 

25* 


386  GILLRAY^S   CARICATURES. 

audience,  at  the  dissection  of  the  body.  Dr.  Monsey  died^ 
December  26, 1 788^  at  his  apartments  in  Chelsea  Hospital, 
aged  ninety.five.'*  (See  Faulkner's  History  of  Chelsea, 
p.  194.)  Dr.  Moseley,  who  succeeded  Dr.  Monsey  as  Phy- 
sician to  Chelsea  Hospital^  observes,  ''  My  predecessor  had 
been  Physician  to  the  Hospital  forty-six  years  and  six 
months.^' 

Gillray  has  placed  under  the  print  the  following  "  Epi- 
taph on  the  late  Dr.  Monsey,  supposed  to  be  written  by 
himself  :'* — 

**  Here  lie  my  old  limbs,— mj  rexation  now  ends, 
For  I'ye  liy'd  mnch  too  long  for  myself  and  my  friends; 
As  to  churchyards  and  grounds  which  the  parsons  call  holy, 
'Tis  a  rank  piece  of  priestoraft,  and  founded  on  folly. 

"  In  short,  I  despise  them ;  and  as  for  my  soul, 
Which  may  mount  the  last  day  with  my  bones  from  tins  hole, 
I  think  that  it  really  hath  nothing  to  fear 
From  the  God  of  mankind,  whom  I  truly  revere. 

**  What  the  next  world  may  be  I  little  trouble  my  pate ; 
If  not  better  than  this,  I  beseech  thee,  O  Fate, 
When  the  bodies  of  millions  fly  up  in  a  riot, 
To  let  the  old  carcase  of  Monsey  be  quiet" 

This  epitaph  is  from  the  pen  of  Peter  Pindar  (Dr.  Wol- 
cot).  It  is  only  necessary  to  add^  that  Dr.  Monsey^  in 
extreme  old  age^  was  accustomed  to  ramble  about  the  Col- 
lege gardens^  accompanied  by  one  of  the  pensioners^  whom 
he  designated  '^  his  crutch.^ 


ff 


379.* 
HOW    TO    RIDE  WITH    ELEGANCE    THROUGH 
THE  STREETS.  April  8th,  1800. 

'*  Tis  not  in  mortals  to  command  success ; 
Arrah,  but  well  do  more,  Sempronius,  we'll  desenre  it." 

LORD   LANDAFF. 

In  this  print  Gillray  represents  Lord  Landaff  exhibiting 
his  equestrian  elegance ;  in  a  subsequent  one^  No.  525^  he 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  387 

pourtrays  him  displaying  his  dandy  pedestrianism  in  walk- 
ing np  and  down  the  fashionable  streets  in  company  with 
his  two  brothers^  the  Hon.  Montague  and  Greorge  Mathews. 
Those  who  recollect  Lord  Tjandaff  will  at  once  recognize 
the  exact  resemblance  of  the  rider  and  his  manner. 

The  '^Arrah^'  in  the  motto  might  seem  to  indicate  that 
Lord  Landaff  traced  his  descent  from  a  line  of  ancestry^ 
natives  of  the  Emerald  Isle;  it  is  true  that  a  collateral 
branch  of  the  family  settled  in  Ireland^  but  the  family 
boasts  its  descent  from  the  Principality  of  Wales.  "  Ed- 
ward Mathew^  or  ap-Mathew^  ancestor  to  the  noble  Lord^'' 
says  Lodge,  '^  resided  at  Rader  in  the  County  of  Glamor- 
gan, about  the  year  1660,  who  inherited  a  good  estate, 
principally  consisting  of  Chiefries,*  being  the  remains  of 
an  ample  fortune,  possessed  by  his  ancestors  from  time 
immemorial ;  he  was  also  possessed  of  the  town  of  Landaff, f 
in  the  same  county,  whence  the  present  Lord,  J  in  whom 
it  now  vests,  derives  his  title. §  (See  Lodge's  Peerage  of 
Ireland,  by  Archdall,  vol.  vii.  p.  222.)  "  Francis,  the 
only  son  (of  George  Mathew),  now  Lord  Landaff,  served 
many  years  in  Parliament  for  the  county  of  Tipperary, 
and  was  created  a  peer  of  this  realm  (Ireland),  20th  of 
September,  1783.  He  had  issue  Francis  James  (the 
subject  of  Gillray's  print),  Montague  and  George.*'  (See 
Lodge's  Peerage,  vol.  vii.  p.  222.) 

The  reader,  however,  must  not  conclude  that  the  family 
of  Mathews  was  a  race  of  dandies.  One  at  least.  Admiral 
Mathews,  distinguished  himself  by  his  gallant  exploits,  and 
the  important  services  he  rendered  to  his  country  during 
a  considerable  portion  of  the  first  half  of  the  last  century. 
Chamock  calls  him  '^a  brave  but  unfortunate  commander." 

*  A  Chiefrie  is  a  small  annnal  rent  paid  bj  a  tenant  to  the  Lord  Paramount 

t  Then  a  floorishing  town,  now  dwindled  into  a  poor  Tillage,  says  Britton, 
in  his  Beauties  of  England  and  Wales,  vol.  18,  p.  618.  Its  cathedral  might 
seem  to  have  secured  it  a  better  fate. 

X  The  father  of  Lord  Landaff,  whose  portrait  is  here  giyen. 

§  The  title  is  Lord  Landaff  of  Thomas  Town  in  the  countj  of  Tip][)erary. 


388  gillbay's  caeicattjbes. 

"  But/'  continues  Chamock/'  notwithstanding  the  figure 
he  afterwards  lived  to  make  in  the  naval  world,  together 
with  the  high  character  he  acquired,  and  which,  surviving 
the  malice  of  his  enemies,  he  still  continues  to  retain  in 
the  eyes  of  all  candid  and  impartial  men/'  .  •  .  *'  His 
gallantry  has  never  been  questioned  even  by  his  bitterest 
enemies;  and  the  heaviest  charge  they  were  ever  able  to 
adduce  against  him,  was  that  he  understood  the  practical 
part  of  his  duty  better  than  the  theory  of  it,  or  in  plainer 
English,  that  he  himself  knew  better  how  to  fight  than  to 
command  others  to  do  the  same/'  (See  an  interesting 
Memoir  of  Admiral  Mathews  in  Chamock's  Biographia 
Navalis,  vol.  iii.  p.  252  to  273.) 

879.** 
SAMPSON  OVERCOME  BY  A  PHILISTIAN. 

SIB   SAMPSON   WRIGHT. 

Sir  Sampson  Wright,  the  chief  magistrate  of  Bow  Street, 
is  seated  at  the  office  table,  prepared  to  commence  his 
official  duties.  A  gentleman  of  a  commanding  figure 
stands  before  him,  his  fist  is  clenched,  and  almost  thrust 
into  Sir  Sampson's  face;  he  says,  ''Ton  rascal!  I'll  break 
every  bone  in  your  body."  Sir  Sampson's  terrified  son 
exclaims,  "  0  Lord,  0  Lord,  my  poor  Pap  '11  be  killed !" 
On  the  right  hand  of  Sir  Sampson  is  a  person,  apparently 
an  attendant  official;  his  hands  are  outspread  in  a  state  of 
consternation.  On  the  table  lie  ''  Dirty  Shillings,"  that 
is,  shillings  taken  for  swearing  affidavits,  or  fines  inflicted 
on  the  poor  for  street  rows ;  at  the  bottom  of  the  print, 
instead  of  the  artist's  name,  &c.  is  "Livented  by  a  Thief." 
"  Published  by  Bonde,  at  the  Thief  Office,  Bow  Street," 
"  Engraved  by  a  Pickpocket."  Under  the  print  is  sub- 
scribed : — 

<<  If  e'er  we  want  a  very  valiant  knight, 
Have  we  not  Sampson— bold  Sir  Sampson  Wright  ?'* 

"  This  plate  is  humbly  dedicated  to  the  Magistrates  of 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  389 

Westminster^  as  a  grateful  tribute  due  to  the  rmshaken 
integrity  of  a  late  be-Jcnighted  Justice,  by  his  and  their 
obliged  servant^  On-Slow  Dry-Butter/'  This  plate  has  no 
date^  but  we  think  it  must  have  been  published  about  the 
latter  end  of  the  year  1 782^  as  it  speaks  of  a  laie  he-knighted 
Justice/'  Sir  Sampson  Wright  was  appointed  to  succeed 
the  late  Sir  John  Fielding  (whose  clerk  he  had  originally 
been)  in  1780.  He  was  knighted  the  4th  of  September, 
1782.  The  verses  quoted  above  are  taken  from  the '' Beau- 
ties of  Administration,  a  Poem,''  published  in  1782.  We 
are  persuaded  that  this  caricature  refers  to  some  occur- 
rence relating  to  some  member  of  Lord  Onslow's  family, 
from  the  dedication  being  signed  On-Slow  Dry-Butter." 
We  think  the  magistrates  of  Bow  Street  about  this  time 
granted  warrants  to  enter  private  houses  to  search  for  faro 
tables  and  implements  of  gaming.  This  was  decided  to 
be  illegal,  and  would  of  course  render  the  person,  whose 
mansion  was  invaded,  little  scrupulous  in  menacing  the 
magistrate  who  had  granted  the  illegal  warrant. 

Sir  Sampson  Wright  appears  to  have  discharged  his 
magisterial  duties  generally  with  credit  to  himself  and 
advantage  to  the  country.  He  died  in  1793.  The 
Gentleman's  Magazine  for  April  of  that  year,  in  recording 
his  death,  calls  him  ^'  the  distinguished  Magistrate  of  the 
Bow  Street  Office." 

379  *** 

ANECDOTE   MAgONIQUE.    A   MASONIC   ANEC- 
DOTE.  Nov.  2\8t,  1786. 

The  allusions  to  this  print  are  explained  in  a  great 
measure  by  the  inscriptions  and  verses  at  the  bottom.  It 
relates  to  the  exposure  of  the  quackery  of  that  celebrated 
impostor  Cagliostro,  while  he  was  in  London,  and  his 
portrait  is  conspicuous  among  the  group.  His  real  name 
was  Joseph  Balsamo.  He  was  born  at  Palermo  in  1 743, 
and  after  sundry  vagaries,  practised  as  a  physician,  and 


390  gillbay's  caricatures. 

acqnired  considerable  notoriety  by  assuming  to  bave  bad 
intercourse  witb  tbe  invisible  world,  and  to  bave  discovered 
tbe  Elixir  vitsB,  or  balsam  of  life.  He  became  a  freemason, 
and  formed  a  new  order  of  masonry,  which  he  called  the 
Egypticm,  and  of  which  he  made  himself  Grand  Master. 
A  female  branch  of  the  order  was  headed  by  his  wife, 
who  was  no  less  profligate  than  himself,  and  who,  under 
pretence  of  certain  splendid  ceremonies,  abstracted  a 
considerable  number  of  valuable  jewels  from  her  simple , 
disciples. 

Cagliostro,  after  extorting  large  sums  by  impositions  of 
every  kind  on  the  credulity  of  the  Londoners,  particularly 
persons  of  rank,  indiscreetly  went  to  Borne,  where,  upon 
an  information  laid  against  him  by  his  own  wife,  he  was 
seized  by  the  Inquisition,  and  died  within  its  walls,  in  1 794. 
His  adventures  are  given  in  a  scarce  little  volume,  trans- 
lated from  the  Italian,  and  printed  at  Dublin  in  1792. 
.  In  the  Morning  Chronicle  of  September  16,  1791,  is 
advertised,  price  38  Gc2,  '^  The  Life  of  Joseph  Balsamo, 
commonly  called  Count  Cagliostro.  Printed  for  G. 
Kearsley,  Fleet  Street.'*  We  have  not  been  able  to  put 
our  hand  on  this  little  volume,  and  should  not  have 
thought  it  necessary  to  notice  it,  but  for  the  purpose  of 
extracting  the  note  which  Kearsley  has  subjoined  to  his 
advertisement.  ''  N.B.  Compared  with  other  villains  who 
have  at  different  periods  infested  the  world,  Cagliostro 
raises  a  degree  of  wonder  at  the  subtilty  of  his  schemes, 
the  enormity  of  his  depredations,  and  his  hazardous 
escapes,  which  no  others  are  entitled  to," 

380. 
SHAKSPEARB   SACRIFICED;    oe,    THE  OFFER- 
ING  TO  AVARICE.  June  20th,  1789. 

ALDERMAN   BOYDELL. 

In  the  centre  of  the  print  is  a  whole-length  portrait  of 
Alderman  Boydell,  attired  in  his  Aldermanic  gown ;  it  is 


MISCELLANEOUS   SEBIES.  391 

a  striking  resemblance  of  his  person  and  manner.  He  is 
advancing  to  offer  sacrifice  on  the  altar  of  Avarice.  On  the 
altar  is  seated  Avarice^  with  a  bag  of  money  onder  each 
arm;  on  his  shoulders  stands  a  boy^  with  a  peacock's 
feathers  on  his  head^  and  a  pipe  in  his  mouthy  blowing  up 
the  bubble  of  ''  Immortality/'  On  the  altar  is  inscribed  a 
List  of  the  Subscribers  to  the  Sacrifice  {id  est,  to  Boydell's 
edition  of  Shakspeare) .  Representations  of  various  pictures 
in  the  Shakspeare  Grallery  are  disposed  round  the  print. 
The  wily  Richard  Duke  of  Gloucester  is  selected  from 
Northcote's  picture ;  at  a  little  distance  is  Tyrrell  smother- 
ing the  young  King  Edward  V.  in  the  Tower.  The  aged 
and  impetuous  Lear^  seated  in  his  chair  of  state^  is  casting 
off  his  daughter  Cordelia.  Cardinal  Beaufort  is  breathing 
out  his  agonised  soul^  taken  from  Sir  Joshua's  picture. 
The  Witches  of  Macbeth  are  taken  from  Sir  Joshua's  pic- 
ture. Hamlet  is  starting  at  the  ghost  of  his  Father^  copied 
from  Fuseli's  picture.  The  figure  of  Midas  in  Midsummer 
Night's  Dream,  is  taken  from  Wheatley's  painting,  &c.  &c. 
Death,  representing  the  Grave  Digger  in  Hamlet,  with  a 
spade  in  his  hand,  is  preparing  to  entomb  all  these  pro- 
ductions. By  the  side  of  Boydell  is  an  inscription,  "  The 
cloud-capt  towers,  the  gorgeous  palaces,  the  solemn  tem- 
ples, yea,  the  great  globe  itself  shall  dissolve,  and  like 
the  baseless  fabric  of  a  vision,  leave  not  a  wreck  behind." 

At  the  bottom  of  the  print  is,  "  Soon  as  possible  will 
be  published,  price  one  Guinea,  No.  1  of  Shakspeare 
Illustrated,  with  the  text,  annotations,  &c.  complete ;  the 
engravings  to  be  carried  on,  in  imitation  of  the  Alderman's 
liberal  plan.  Further  particulars  will  shortly  be  given  in 
all  the  public  papers." 

It  is  impossible  to  refuse  our  unqualified  admiration  of 
the  extraordinary  talent  exhibited  in  the  design  and  exe- 
cution of  this  print ;  the  felicity  displayed  in  the  selection 
and  grouping  of  the  subjects,  and  the  concentration  of  so 
many  objects  in  one  point  of  view,  strike  the  spectator. 


392  GILLRAT^S   CARICATUBSS. 

and  give  additional  poignancy  to  the  satire.  This  cari- 
cature must  certainly  rank  in  the  very  first  class  of  the 
productions  of  Gillray's  genius.  We  must  not,  however, 
suffer  our  admiration  of  great  talent  to  make  us  unjust- 
We  lament  that  Gillray  should  have  made  so  furious  an 
onslaught  on  so  praiseworthy  an  undertaking,  calculated 
to  give  liberal  encouragement  to  our  celebrated  painters 
and  engravers,  and  to  call  from  obscurity  neglected  genius 
pining  for  employment. 

''  Satirical  criticism,^'  says  Johnson, ''  may  be  considered 
useful,  when  it  rectifies  error  and  improves  judgment. 
He  that  refines  the  public  taste  is  a  public  benefactor/' 
We  freely  admit  the  justice  of  this  canon  of  criticism,  but 
we  think  we  are  entitled  to  add,  that  he  who  by  satire, 
ridicule  or  caricature,  counteracts  a  laudable  design,  cal- 
culated to  improve  the  fine  arts,  and  diffuse  taste,  acts 
inconsiderately,  and  runs  the  risk  of  inflicting  a  public 
injury. 

It  may  not  be  irrelevant  to  give  a  short  sketch  of 
BoydelFs  life  as  connected  with  the  fine  arts.  He  was 
born  at  Staunton  in  Shropshire,  Jan.  19,  1719.  His 
father  was  a  land-surveyor,  and  intended  his  son  should 
be  brought  up  to  his  own  profession.  The  lad  early  dis- 
covered a  talent  for  drawing,  which  his  father  encouraged, 
thinking  it  would  be  serviceable  to  him  in  his  intended 
business.  But  accident  often  decides  the  future  course  of 
a  man's  life,  and  this  was  strongly  exemplified  in  BoydelFs 
case.  Having  by  chance  seen  an  engraving  of  the  seat 
of  a  neighbouring  gentleman.  Sir  John  Glynne,  and  the 
old  castle  attached  to  it,  engraved  by  Toms,  he  imme- 
diately recognised  its  exact  resemblance,  and  became 
enamoured  of  an  art,  which  could  multiply  copies  to  an 
indefinite  extent.  He  now  panted  to  be  an  engraver, 
and  conmiunicated  his  wish  to  his  father,  who  discouraged 
the  project,  and  remonstrated  with  him  on  the  folly  of 
relinquishing  a  well-established  business,  to  embark  in  an 


HISCELIiANEOUS   SERIES.  393 

nndertaking  with  which  he  was  unacquainted^  and  which 
he  had  neither  money  nor  connections  to  enable  him  to 
pursue.  Genuine  enthusiasm,  however,  is  seldom  tram- 
melled by  the  dictates  of  prudence,  or  the  remonstrances 
of  affectionate  solicitude.  At  the  age  of  21  years,  Boydell 
walked  up  to  London,  sought  an  interview  with  Toms,  and 
boimd  himself  apprentice  to  him  for  seven  years.  He  was 
unremitting  in  his  attention  to  his  business,  and  in  the 
evenings  attended  the  Academy  in  St.  Martin's  Lane,  to 
improve  himself  in  drawing.  By  these  means  he  made 
rapid  progress  in  the  art  of  engraving,  and  surpassed  his 
master  in  skill.  Toms  generously  allowed  him  to  buy  up 
the  two  last  years  of  his  apprenticeship  on  easy  terms. 
He  was  now  launched  on  the  ocean  of  life,  and  commenced 
business  on  his  own  account.  His  first  publication  was 
six  small  landscapes,  which  he  sold  for  a  shilling  each ; 
these  he  stitched  together,  and  the  book  was  called  by 
collectors,  '^  The  Bridge  Book,*'  as  a  bridge  was  introduced 
into  the  scenery  of  each  pfate.  His  exertions  continued 
unremitting,  and  by  continued  application  he  executed  an 
hundred  and  fifty-two  landscapes ;  these  he  collected  into 
a  portfolio,  and  sold  for  five  guineas.  The  publication  was 
eminently  successful,  and  the  profits  arising  from  it  enabled 
him  to  extend  the  sphere  of  his  business ;  and  he  used 
to  say  with  pride,  in  after  life,  that  it  was  the  only  book 
which  had  made  a  Lord  Mayor  of  London.  His  own  taste 
and  judgment  had  now  become  materiaUy  improved,  and 
he  had  the  rare  tact  of  discerning  that  he  himself  should 
never  attain  sufficient  excellence  to  vie  with  his  foreign 
competitors.  He  therefore  resolved  to  abandon  the  pur- 
suit of  the  art,  and  by  liberal  encouragement  to  secure 
the  services  of  the  first  talent  of  the  country.  In  Woollett 
he  found  an  artist  who  realised  all  his  wishes.  The  Temple 
of  Apollo,  from  Claude,  and  the  engravings  of  the  two 
premium  landscapes  by  the  Smiths  of  Chichester,  were 
among  the  first  fruits  of  this  connection.     Boydell  had 


894  gillray's  caricatures. 

agreed  to  pay  WooUett  fifty  guineas  for  engraving  the 
plate ;    the  engraving  surpassed  his  expectations  or  his 
hopes^  he  gave  the  artist  an  hundred  pounds.     He  remu- 
nerated him  for  the  two  landscapes  with  similar  liberality. 
The  Niobe  and  Phaeton^  after  pictures  of  Wilson,  were 
universally  allowed  to  be  chef-d'ceuvres ;  they  established 
the  fame  of  the  artist,  and  extended  the  business  of  the 
shop  from  which  they  issued.     The  celebrity  of  these  pub- 
lications enabled  Boydell  to  establish  a  correspondence 
with  the  most  eminent  Continental  printsellers,  whom  he 
supplied  with  his  publications.    He  was  now  decidedly  the 
first  printseller  in  Europe.    He  did  not  confine  himself  to 
the  publication  of  single  prints,  but  put  forth  some  expen- 
sive books  of  prints,  as  the  Houghton  Gallery,  in  two  vols, 
and  Earlom's  Liber  Yeritatis,  or  a  series  of  engravings 
from  Claude's  landscapes,  2  vols.     His  assiduous  applica- 
tion to  his  business,  his  liberal  encouragement  of  artists, 
and  the  high  merits  of  his  publications,  had  established  a 
most  prosperous  trade,  and  effected  a  most  important 
change  in  one  branch  of  our  commerce.      Large  sums  of 
money    had  hitherto    been  remitted  to   the    Continent 
annually  for  the  purchase  of   prints ;   by  his  exertions 
the  current  of  commerce  was  turned,  England  became  an 
exporting  country  and  the  balance  of  trade  was  largely  in 
our  favour.      On  the  5th  of  August,  1782,  Boydell  was 
elected  Alderman  of  the  ward  of  Cheap.     He  served  the 
office  of  SherifE  in  1785,  and  was  elected  Lord  Mayor  in 
1790.      Boydell  had  reaUsed  an  ample  fortune,  and  might 
have  retired  to  enjoy  it,  or  carried  on  his  business  with 
ease  and  comfort  by  the  assistance  of  his  nephew  and 
partner,  Josiah  Boydell. 

We  have  said  that  an  accidental  circumstance  made 
Boydell  an  engraver  and  a  printseller.  Another  accident 
opened  a  new  prospect  to  his  view,  and  induced  him  to 
embark  in  a  most  costly  undertaking.  Li  November, 
1786,  he  happened  to  meet  adinner  party  at  his  nephew's. 


MISCELLANEOUS    SERIES.  395 

Mr.  Josiah  Boydell's.  The  company  consisted  of  Benjamin 
West,  Romney,  Paul  Sandby,  Hayley  the  poet,  Hoole  the 
translator  of  Ariosto  and  Tasso,  Nicol  the  bookseller,  and 
Mr.  Brathwaite  of  the  Post  Office. 

In  such  a  company  it  is  not  surprising  that  Literature 
and  the  Fine  Arts  should  form  a  large  part  of  the  conver- 
sation. The  Alderman  was  complimented  on  the  liberal 
enconragement  he  had  given  to  the  art  of  Engraving,  and 
the  remarkable  fact  that  by  the  exertions  of  an  individual 
an  important  change  should  have  been  made  in  the  com- 
merce of  the  country,  and  the  balance  of  trade  with  the 
Continent  so  signally  turned  in  our  favour.  The  Alder- 
man, acknowledging  the  compliment,  said  he  was  not  yet 
satisfied  with  his  efforts ;  that,  old  as  he  was,  he  still  che- 
rished the  ambition  to  refute  the  stigma  cast  npon  us  by 
foreigners,  that  England  possessed  no  genius  for  historical 
painting.  The  success,  which  he  had  been  the  fortunate 
instrument  of  producing,  in  the  Art  of  Engraving,  con- 
vinced him  that  his  countrymen  only  wanted  proper 
encouragement  and  fit  subjects  to  excel  in  historic  paint- 
ing ;  and  this  encouragement  he  would  find,  if  subjects 
could  be  found.  Nicol  immediately  observed,  that  there 
was  one  great  national  subject,  on  which  there  could  be 
no  difference  of  opinion — the  Works  of  Shakspeare.  The 
suggestion  was  received  with  acclamation  and  adopted  by 
the  Alderman;  and  so  early  as  December  of  the  same  year, 
the  plan  of  Boydell's  edition  of  Shakspeare  was  matured, 
and  a  prospectus  published. 

A  new  and  unexpected  difficulty,  however,  arose.  The 
first  application  was  naturally  made  to  Sir  Joshua  Beynolds 
to  furnish  a  picture.  It  was  deemed  indispensable  to 
obtain  a  painting  by  Sir  Joshua  to  decorate  the  intended 
Shakspeare  Gallery;  but  he  received  the  proposal  with 
coldness,  and  even  with  aversion.  He  hinted  that  it  would 
be  a  degradation  of  his  art  to  paint  an  historical  picture 
for  a  printseller.    This  was  an  extraordinary  feeling  in  one. 


396  gillray's  caricatures. 

who  wonld  not  have  hesitated  to  have  painted  the  portrait 
of  the  same  individual^  and  who  had  already  painted  an 
admirable  portrait  of  Mr.  William  Strahan^  the  King's 
printer,  equally  connected  with  trade.  Boydell  was  now 
in  despair,  but  an  able  negotiator  was  found  in  George 
Steevens,  the  celebrated  editor  of  Shakspeare,  who  highly 
approved  of  the  plan  of  the  magnificent  edition  of  his 
favourite  poet,  and  had  undertaken  to  revise  the  text. 
We  will  give  the  account  in  the  words  of  Northcote  the 
painter,  who  had  been  Sir  Joshua's  pupil.  '^  George 
Steevens,  the  editor  of  Shakspeare,  undertook  to  persuade 
him  to  comply,  and  taking  a  Bank  bill  of  five  hundred 
pounds  in  his  hand,  had  an  interview  with  Sir  Joshua ; 
and,  while  using  all  his  eloquence  in  argument,  he  in  the 
meantime  slipt  the  Bank  bill  into  his  hand,  he  then  soon 
found  that  this  mode  of  reasoning  was  not  to  be  resisted, 
and  a  picture  was  promised."  (Northcote's  Life  of  Sir 
J.  Reynolds,  vol.  ii.  p.  226.)  The  painting  from  the  scene 
of  Macbeth  meeting  the  Witches  with  their  cauldron  was 
the  first  contribution  of  Sir  Joshua  to  the  Shakspeare 
Gallery ;  for  this  Boydell  paid  him  a  thousand  pounds. 
The  Death  of  Cardinal  Beaufort  was  the  next ;  for  this 
Sir  Joshua  received  five  hundred  pounds.  Puck  was  the 
last  picture  he  painted  for  the  Gallery.  The  picture  of 
Macbeth  was  at  first  attacked  with  severe  and  unmerited 
criticism.  *'  My  own  opinion  of  this  piece,''  says  North- 
cote, '^  is  that  the  visionary  and  awful  efiect  produced  both 
in  the  conception  and  execution  of  the  background  of  this 
picture  is  certainly  without  a  parallel  in  this  world ;  its 
novelty  and  its  excellence  bid  defiance  to  all  future 
attempts  at  rivalry.  Had  the  figure  of  Macbeth  been  but 
equal  in  the  requisite  to  this  appalling  scene,  the  picture 
would  have  stood  without  a  companion  on  earth." 

Sir  Joshua's  assistance  being  secured,  and  his  counte- 
nance thus  given,  no  difficulty  could  present  itself  on  the 
part  of   any  other  artist.      Indeed,  the  most  eminent 


MISCELLANEOUS    SERIES.  397 

painters  highly  approved  of  the  design^  and  the  work  now 
proceeded  with  all  reasonable  speed.  The  Shakspeare 
Grallery  was  opened  in  Pall  Mall  in  1789.*  In  the  preface 
to  the  descriptive  Catalogue  of  the  Pictures,  Boydell  says, 
'^  I  hope  upon  inspection  of  what  has  been  done,  and  is 
now  doing,  the  subscribers  will  be  satisfied  with  the 
exertions  that  have  been  made,  and  will  think  that  their 
confidence  has  not  been  misplaced ;  especially  when  they 
consider  the  difficulties  that  a  great  undertaking,  like  the 
present,  has"  to  encounter  where  Historical  Painting  is 
still  but  in  its  infancy.  To  advance  that  art  towards 
maturity,  and  to  establish  an  English  school  of  historical 
painting  was  the  great  object  of  the  present  design.'*  By 
what  stretch  of  ingenuity  pictures  like  Dogberry,  Verges, 
the  Town-Clerk  and  Sexton,  by  Smirke— Mrs.  Page  and 
Mrs.  Ford,  by  Peters — Justice  Shallow,  Palstaff,  Bardolph 
and  Bull-calf,  by  Douro — or  Puseli's  picture  of  Titania, 
Queen  of  the  Fairies,  Bottom,  &c. — could  be  included  in 
the  category  of  historical  painting,  we  are  at  a  loss  to 
conjecture.  But  if  Boydell  did  not  establish  a  school  of 
Historical  painting,  he  did  better — he  instituted  a  school 
of  English  painting,  in  which  every  artist  in  the  kingdom 
might  display  his  peculiar  genius,  taste  and  fancy.  The 
picturesquef  beauties  of  Shakspeare  afforded  a  boundless 
field  for  the  display  of  every  description  of  talent,  for  it 
has  been  truly  said  of  our  immortal  bard,  that 

^  Eadi  change  of  many-ooloored  life  he  drew. 
Exhausted  worlds,  and  then  imagined  new." 

And  from  these  creations  of  his  imagination  the  artist  was 

*  The  premises  which  formed  the  Shakspeare  Gallery  are  now  the  pro- 
perty of  the  British  Institution,  but  the  statue  of  Shakspeare,  by  Banks,  in 
alto-relievo,  remains,  and  faces  the  front  of  the  building  in  Pall  Mall. 

j-  We  use,  with  a  little  latitude,  the  word  *'  picturesque**  in  the  sense 
employed  by  Gilpin.  He  defines  picturesque  objects  to  be  those  which 
please  from  some  quality  capable  of  being  illustrated  in  painting,  or  such 
ohjeels  as  are  proper  for  pair^ting. 


398  otllrat's  cabicatubes. 

at  liberty  to  select  and  embody  what  was  most  congenial 
to  his  own  talent.  Another  great  advantage  to  the  fine 
arts  afforded  by  the  Shakspeare  Gallery  was,  every  artist 
could  contemplate  the  works  of  his  •contemporaries,  and 
instead  of  trusting  to  the  resources  of  his  own  single 
mind,  collect  valuable  suggestions  from  the  varied  excel- 
lence placed  before  him,  and  become  familiarly  acquainted 
with  the  very  last  line  and  boundary  to  which  science  had 
advanced,  and  skiUuUy  apply  the  acquired  knowledge  to 
his  own  use.  ''  The  greatest  natural  genius,'*  observes 
Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  ^'  cannot  subsist  on  its  own  stock ; 
he  who  resolves  never  to  ransack  any  mind  but  his  own, 
will  be  soon  reduced  from  mere  barrenness  to  the  poorest 
of  all  imitations ;  he  will  be  obliged  to  imitate  himself^ 
and  to  repeat  what  he  has  before  repeated.  When  we 
know  the  subject  designed  by  such  men,  it  will  never  be 
difficult  to  guess  what  kind  of  work  is  to  be  produced.'' 

When  the  Shakspeare  Gallery  was  first  opened,  the 
exhibition  was  crowded  with  visitors,  and  continued  to  be 
so  for  several  years.  Every  thing  seemed  to  promise  suc- 
cess, when  that  stupendous  event,  the  French  Revolution, 
burst  like  a  torrent  on  the  astonished  world.  Its  fatal 
effects  were  felt  throughout  Europe,  and  all  commerce  con- 
nected with  the  fine  arts  was  paralysed.  Boydell  no  longer 
received  orders  of  any  consequence  from  the  Continent^ 
but  still  he  struggled  manfully  with  his  difficulties.  It 
is  painful  to  proceed — the  Shakspeabe  was  completed, 
— ^BUT  ITS  Pbojectob  WAS  BuiNED.  He  communicated  his 
embarrassments  to  his  friends.  Great  sympathy  was  felt 
for  one,  who  clearly  shewed  that  he  had  expended  three 
hundred  and  fifty  thousand  pounds  in  his  efforts  to  pro- 
mote the  fine  arts.  Government,  recognizing  his  merit, 
allow  him  to  dispose  of  the  Shakspeare  Gallery,  and  a 
portion  of  his  stock,  by  lottery.  The  sale  of  the  tickets 
proved  extremely  successful,  and  he  lived  to  know  that  the 
last  ticket  was  sold  shortly  before  his  death.     He  died 


MISCELLANEOUS    SERIES.  399 

December  11,  1804,  aged  85.  The  produce  of  tlie  sale  of 
the  tickets  discharged  all  his  debts,  and  left  a  considerable 
surplus  to  his  descendants.*  Tassie,  of  Leicester  Square, 
the  dealer  in  gems,  was  the  fortunate  gainer  of  the  grand 
prize,  and  the  Shakspeare  Gallery  became  his  property. 
If  Boydell  really  intended  to  make  "A  Saceipicb  on  the 
Altar  op  Avarice,'*  never  was  sacrifice  attended  with  a 
more  unfortunate  result. 


381. 

BOMBARDINIAN    CONFERRING    UPON    STATE 
AFFAIRS  WITH  ONE  IN  OFFICE. 

"  Important  Blanks  in  Nature's  mighty  roll.'* — Churchtll. 

sir  grey  cooper,  secretary  to  the  treasury, 
lieut.-qeneral  sir  robert  hamilton. 

Sir  Grey  Cooper  says,  "  Then — ^my  Lordf  introduced  the 
affair  you  and  I  know  of."  General  Hamilton  replies, 
'^  Hum. — Aye. — Mum."  This  is  intended  as  a  satire  on 
General  Hamilton's  self-importance,  and  his  affectation  of 
being  acquainted  with  secrets  of  State,  and  mysteries  of 
the  Cabinet.  The  following  is  the  account  given  of  Sir 
Robert  Hamilton  in  Burke's  Peerage  and  Baronetage, 
under  the  head  of  "  Hamilton  of  Silverton  Hall."  "  Sir 
Robert  Hamilton. — ^This  gentleman  having  adopted  the 
profession  of  arms,  attained  the  rank  of  Lieutenant- Gene- 
ral, and  was  Colonel  of  the  108th  foot,  a  regiment  reduced 
at  the  peace  in  1763,  when  General  Hamilton  was  appointed 

*  His  niece  Mrs.  Nicol  (formerly  Mary  Boydell)  inherited  her  ancle's 
taste  for  the  fine  arts.  She  was  a  most  amiable  lady.  She  formed  a  very 
fine  collection  of  modem  prints,  the  great  part  of  which  was  purchased  bj 
the  late  Duke  of  Buckingham  by  private  contract ;  the  remainder  was  sold 
by  auction  by  Mr.  Evans.  Her  supreme  delight  was  to  obtain  a  choice 
impression  of  a  print, — and  to  make  others  happy. 

t  Lord  North. 

26 


400  GILLEAY^S  CAKICATUBES. 

to  the  Colonelcy  of  the  40tli.  Sir  Bobert  married  first, 
Mary,  daughter  of  W.  Price  WiUiams,  Esq.,  by  whom  he 
had  one  son.  He  married,  secondly,  in  1775,  Anne,  daugh- 
ter of  Sir  John  Heathcote,  Bart,  of  Normanton,  in  the 
county  of  Butland,  and  was  succeeded  at  his  decease,  by 
his  grandson,  the  present  baronet.'^  He  died  in  August, 
1786. 

This  print  is  without  date ;  it  was  probably  executed 
about  1780  or  1781 ;  it  cannot  be  later  than  March,  1782, 
as  Sir  Grey  Cooper  retired  from  office  on  the  dismissal  of 
Lord  North's  administration.  The  spectator  will  observe, 
behind  Sir  Bobert  Hamilton,  a  porter  with  a  package  on 
his  head,  and  a  female  with  child-bed  linen  under  her  arm ; 
they  are  about  to  knock  at  the  door  of  Lieut.-General 
Bombardinian;  the  position  of  the  two  dogs  must  also  be 
remarked ;  there  is  a  temple  on  the  upper  comer  of  the 
print,  a  cart  is  standing  before  it,  emptying  out  some  filth. 
A  pun  is  intended  on  the  first  syllable  of  the  appellation 
which  Gillray  has  bestowed  on  the  General,  Wo  cannot 
be  more  particular  in  our  allusions. 

"  Tu,  quern  Neqaitin  Frocadores 
Delectant  nimiom,  salesqae  nndi," 

must  search  them  out  in  the  scandalous  chronicles  of  the 
day. 

882. 

A  PEEP  INTO  THE  SHAKSPEABE  GALLEBY. 

April  26th,  1791. 

ALDERMAN  BOYDELL. 

Some  pictures  in  Alderman  BoydelPs  Shakspeare  Gral* 
lery  were  wantonly  cut,  upon  which  his  enemies  set  abroad 
a  report  that  he  had  secretly  cut  them  himself,  in  order  to 
excite  public  sympathy.  The  libel  is  here  embodied  in 
graphic  representations,  and  is  rendered  more  bitter  by  the 


MISCELLANEOUS    SERIES.  401 

allusion  contained  in  the  words  erased  '^  The  monster 
broke  loose/'  as  though  it  had  been  an  old  plate  turned  to 
a  new  pui-pose.  The  '^  Monster '*  was  Renwick  Williams, 
who  excited  public  terror  and  indignation  by  prowling 
about  the  streets  in  the  West  End^  and  catting  and  stabbing 
ladies.  He  was  sentenced  to  six  years'  imprisonment  for 
wounding  a  young  lady  in  St.  James's  Street. 

This  print  exhibits  a  whole-length  portrait  of  Boydell ; 
he  has  a  large  knife  in  his  hand,  and  is  catting  one  of  the 
pictures  in  the  Shakspeare  Gallery.  He  says  to  himself, 
'^  There  I  there  I  there's  a  nice  gash  I  There !  this  will 
be  a  glorioas  subject  for  to  make  a  fuss  about  in  the 
newspapers ;  a  hundred  guineas  reward  will  make  a  fine 
soand.  0,  there  will  be  fine  talking  about  the  Gallery, 
and  it  will  bring  a  rare  sight  of  shillings  for  seeing  of  the 
Cut  Pictures ; — there,  and  there,  again.  Egad  1  there's 
nothing  like  having  a  good  liead-piece  !  Here  I  here !  and 
there !  there  I  and  then  these  small  pictures  won't  cost 
a  great  deal  of  money  replacing ;  indeed,  one  would  not 
like  to  cut  a  large  one  to  pieces  for  the  sake  of  making 
it  look  as  if  people  envied  us.  No  I  that  would  cost 
rather  too  much,  as  my  pocket  begins — ^but  mum — that's 
nothing  to  nobody.  Well,  none  can  blame  me  for  going 
the  cheapest  way  to  work,  to  keep  up  the  respectability 
of  the  Gallery; — there,  there,  there,  there  !" 

Gillray  is,  in  general,  a  good-natured  satirist ;  he  play- 
fully ridicules  the  foibles  or  follies  of  the  age,  and  only 
lashes  vice  with  a  justifiable  severity.  But  he  has  here 
pursued  Boydell  with  a  rancour  which  would  almost  seem 
to  arise  from  resentment  of  some  supposed  injury  or  per- 
sonal affront.  This  Plate  must  be  allowed  to  be  an 
indefensible  attack  on  the  moral  character  of  a  man  who 
would  have  scorned  the  act  ungenerously  imputed  to  him. 
Boydell  had  the  ill  luck  to  have  his  publications,  and  their 
appearance  by  subscription,  attacked  by  another  able 
satirist, — by  Mathias,  in  his  Pursuits  of  Literature  : — 

26  * 


402  oillbay's  cabicatubes. 

"  Shall  I  new  anecdotes  from  darkness  draw, 
Which  e'en  Strawberrian  Horace  never  saw; 
Prefix  some  painting,  or  antique  vignette, 
To  please  old  Boydell's  fond  subscribing  set. 
With  wire-wove,  hot-pressed  paper's  glossy  glare, 
Blind  all  the  wise,  and  make  the  stupid  stare." 

Mathias^  however^  subsequently  paid  his  homage  to  the 
press  of  Bulmer,  the  printer  of  Boydell's  Shakspeare,  by 
printing  at  his  office  the  beautiful  series  of  the  Italian 
publications  edited  by  himself ;  also  his  edition  of  Gray's 
Works,  in  2  vols.  4to.,  and  the  Pursuits  of  Literature, 
in  4to. 

If  Boydell  was  the  object  of  unjust  satire,  he  was,  at 
least,  in  one  instance,  the  subject  of  unfounded  panegyric. 
The  Eev.  Mr.  Perring,  a  student  of  Christchurch,  Oxford, 
preached  a  sermon,  on  the  8th  of  January,  1804,  before 
the  Corporation  of  London,  in  which  he  pronounced  a 
panegyric  on  the  Corporation  generally,  and  then  said, 
there  was  one  among  them  who  had  contributed  greatly 
to  the  promotion  of  the  Fine  Arts.  '^  He  has,  at  a  great 
expense,  adorned  a  magnificent  Bible ;"  the  Eev.  Divine 
having  thus  confounded  Boydell's  Shakspeare  with  Mack- 
lin's  Bible. 

We  are  not  anxious  to  bestow  indiscriminate  praise  on 
Boydell,  or  conceal  an  instance  of  his  weakness.  We 
think  Gillray  might  have  found  a  fair  subject  for  carica- 
ture in  Boydell's  absurd  vanity  in  parading  up  and  down 
the  Shakspeare  Gallery  decorated  with  the  gold  chain  he 
wore  as  SheriflF  of  London,  many  years  after  the  expira- 
tion of  his  Sherifialty.  Boydell,  however,  considered  this 
chain  as  the  symbol  of  the  success  of  his  undertakings, 
and  we  may,  perhaps,  be  allowed  to  plead,  in  extenuation, 
the  good-natured  apology  of  Sydney  Smith  for  similar 
displays  of  ostentation  :  "  There  are  some  sayings  in  our 
language  about  vierit  being  always  united  with  modesty , 
&c.  (I  suppose  because  they  both  begin  with  an  ?w,  for 
alliteration  has  a  great  power  over  proverbs,  and  proverbs 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  403 

over  public  opinion ;)  but  I  f anoy,  that  in  the  majority  of 
instances,  tho  fact  is  directly  the  reverse/'  (Sydney 
Smith's  Moral  Philosophy,  1850,  p.  9.) 

383. 
THE  FINISHING  TOUCH.  Sept  29<A,  1791. 

LADT  ABCHEB. 

A  characteristic  picture  of  this  celebrated  lady,  equally 

remarkable  for  the  love  of  play  and  the  love  of  driving. 

She  was  esteemed  one  of  the  best  whips  of  the  day.     We 

have  a  perfect  recollection  of  her,  and  can  testify  that  the 

portrait  is  an  admirable  likeness.    We  have  stated,  in  a 

former  article,  that  Lady  Archer  used  to  have  her  face 

enamelled;  she  is  here  seated  at  her  toilet,  putting  on  the 

Finishing  Touch  of  rouge.   Bate  Dudly  has  thus  described 

her: — 

** Mine  was  the  earlie  arte 

To  banish  Nature's  bloshes  from  the  cheeke ! 
I  learnt  it  of  a  dyw's  wife  in  Spaine, 
Whose  face  in  Tyrian  die  was  so  engrain'd. 
That  Tuthie  cocks  assail'd  her  as  she  past." 

Vortigem  cmd  Bowena,  toI.  i.  p.  29. 

884. 
LA   DERNIERB    RBSSOUECE;    oh,   VAN    BUT- 
CHELL'S   GARTERS.  Od.  3rd,  1791. 

HONOUE^LE   MRS.    HOBABT    (lADT  BUCKINGHAHSHIBE). 

The  Honourable  Mrs.  Hobart  bas  her  right  leg  placed 
on  a  footstool;  she  is  putting  on  the  garters  of  Van 
Butchell.  On  the  right  hand  comer  of  the  room  there 
is  a  picture  representing  Nina  terrified  at  the  sudden 
appearance  of  the  supposed  ghost  of  her  lover  kneeling 
before  her,  and  making  protestations  of  his  affection. 

The  story  of  Nina  was  very  popular  in  France,  and  gave 
rise  to  a  Play  and  a  Novel,  bearing  her  name.  Le  Texier 
read  the  French  Play  in  London  in  the  course  of  his  Dra- 
matic Headings.   It  particularly  attracted  the  attention  o£ 


404  gillray's  caricatures. 

Mrs.  Hobart,  and  she  procured  a  translation  to  be  mado, 
which  was  published  with  the  following  title,  '^  Nina,  ob 
THE  Madness  of  Love/'  a  Comedy,*  translated  from  the 
French.  Prefixed  is  a  Dedication :  ''  To  the  Honourable 
Mrs.  Hobart,  this  translation  of  Nina,  a  work  that  is 
much  indebted  to  her  for  the  fame  it  has  received  in  this 
country.'*  The  name  of  the  translator  or  dedicator  is  not 
given,  but  it  was  George  Monck  Berkeley.  The  date  of 
1787  is  subscribed  to  the  advertisement. 

Mrs.  Hobart,  now  better  known  as  Lady  Buckingham- 
shire, was  a  distinguished  votary  of  fashion ;  still  more 
celebrated  for  her  love  of  play,  and  the  far-&med  loss  of 
her  faro-bank  and  its  contents.  She  lived  in  St.  James's 
Square,  next  door  to  Dr.  Porteus,  Bishop  of  London, — 
to  the  great  annoyance  of  that  worthy  Prelate.  A  large 
assemblage  of  persons  met  at  her  house  almost  every 
evening,  to  indulge  their  passion  for  play,  Sunday  not 
excepted,  until  the  Bishop  sent  her  a  letter  of  remon- 
strance on  the  violation  of  the  Sabbath. — Sacred  music 
was  said  to  be  substituted. 

The  Hon.  Mrs.  Hobart  had  two  sons  and  two  daughters ; 
both  her  sons  died.  We  presume  Gillray  has  depicted  her 
as  trying  on  the  garters  of  VanButchell  as  her  "Demiire 
Ressource," — her  last  hope  of  obtaining  a  healthy  and 
vigorous  heir  to  the  title  and  estates  to  which  her  husband 

*  In  the  Comedy,  Germeail,  the  Lover  of  Nina,  has  been  detained  in  the 
coontiy  much  longer  than  he  expected. — A  report  of  his  death  is  circolated^ 
and  obtains  erodit  Nina  is  overwhekned  with  sorrow;  the  affliction  pro- 
dncos  an  aberration  of  mind.  One  day,  when  she  was  walking  in  her 
father's  garden,  attended  by  her  companion  Eliaa,  Germenil  suddenly 
appeared,  and  threw  himself  at  her  feet,  with  many  protestations  of  Iotc. 
The  frantic  Nina  supposed  it  to  be  his  apparition.  This  is  the  subject  of 
the  picture  hanging  up  in  Mrs.  Hobart's  room.  Mr.  Berkeley,  in  his  dedi- 
cation, says,  the  Comedy  '*  is  much  indebted  to  her  for  the  fame  it  has 
acquired  in  this  country :"  it  is  therefore  extremely  probable  that  she 
performed  the  character  of  Nina  in  the  Private  Theatricals  at  Branden burgh 
House,  then  the  residence  of  the  Margravine  of  Anspach.— We  know  that 
she  performed  in  the  Dntmatic  Entertainments  given  there.  Gillray  haa 
depicted  her  in  the  character  of  CowsUp,»see  Plate  403. 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  405 

was  next  in  succession.  We  know  not  whether  there  be 
any  foundation  for  the  insinuation  intended  to  be  con- 
veyed, but  it  is  not  incredible.  It  is  not  easy  to  calculate 
the  extravagant  expectations  and  fatuity  of  credulity.  We 
know  that  Dr.  Graham  attracted  many  persons  of  rank 
and  fashion,  merchants  and  opulent  tradesmen,  to  his 
''Temple  of  Health"*  in  PaU  Mall,  to  sleep  in  his 
"  Celestial  Bed,*'  which  he  promised  would  be  attended 
with  the  efficacy,  which  Mrs.  Hobart  is  said  to  have 
expected  from  the  garters  of  Van  Butchell. 

Martin  Van  Butchell  must  not  be  confounded  with  the 
ordinary  class  of  empirics.  His  father  was  tapestry-maker 
to  George  II.,  to  which  was  attached  a  salary  of  fifty 
pounds  per  annum.  He  had  his  son  instructed  in  the 
French  language,  then  an  attainment  rarely  acquired  by 
persons  in  the  inferior  situations  of  life.  He  lived  in  the 
parish  of  Lambeth,  near  the  place  where  the  Obelisk  now 
stands,  and  close  to  a  house  of  entertainment  called  "The 
Dog  and  Duck,"  which  had  a  garden  annexed  to  it,  in 
humble  imitation  of  Yauxhall.  The  father  of  Van  Butchell 
let  his  house  out  in  lodgings;  foreigners  often  took  apart- 
ments in  it,  and  young  Van  Butchell,  from  his  knowledge 
of  French,  acted  as  valet-de-place  to  them :  he  possessed 
very  agreeable  manners,  and  recommended  himself  by 
these  means  to  his  employers.  Sir  Thomas  Bobinson  en*- 
gaged  him  as  travelling  tutor  to  his  son,  but  he  eventually 
declined  the  oflfer,  having  been  informed  that  Sir  Thomas 
was  extremely  arbitrary,  and  that  his  situation  would  be 
very  uncomfortable.  He  then  entered  into  the  service  of 
Viscountess  Talbot,  as  Groom  of  the  Chambers,  and  re- 
mained with  her  nine  years.  The  situation  must  have 
been  both  easy  and  lucrative,  as  he  was  enabled  to  prose- 
cute his  favourite  studies  of  Mathematics  and  Medicine^ 
particularly  Anatomy.     The  money  he  had  saved  in  Lady 

*  Dr.  Graham's  '*  Temple  of  Health"  was  the  house  in  Pall  Mall,  latelj 
oocopied  by  Messrs.  Payne  and  Foss,  the  eminent  booksellers. 


406  gillray's  caricaturbs. 

Talbot's  service  enabled  him  to  place  himself  as  a  papil 
under  the  celebrated  John  Hunter.  At  the  expiration  of 
his  pupilage^  he  commenced  business  as  a  dentist^*  and 
acquired  so  much  reputation^  that  a  lady  is  said  to  hare 
paid  him  eighty  guineas  for  a  set  of  teeth.  His  eccentricity 
now  began  to  develope  itself. — He  applied  to  the  Marquis 
of  Salisbury^  then  Lord  Chamberlain^  to  be  appointed 
dentist  to  his  Majesty ;  and  on  the  Marquis  declining  to 
make  the  appointment^  he  inserted  an  advertisement  in 
the  newspapers — "  That  the  Marquis  of  Salisbury  need  not 
trouble  himself  to  apply  to  his  Majesty  to  appoint  Mr. 
Van  Butchell  his  dentist/'  He  now  extended  his  busi- 
ness^ and  acted  as  a  general  practitioner.  He  is  said  to 
have  possessed  considerable  knowledge  of  his  profession; 
and  an  assiduous  student  under  John  Hunter  could  have 
scarcely  failed  to  acquire  skill.  He  was  very  successful  in 
curing  Fistulas  without  cutting.  He  seems  to  have  consi- 
dered the  medical  profession  overstocked  in  London ;  and 
that  the  only  method  by  which  a  practitioner,  without 
connections,  could  hope  to  attract  attention,  was  to  affect 
eccentricity.  Accordingly  he  rode  about  town  with  a  long 
beard,  and  painted  various  coloured  spots  on  his  white 
horse.  But  his  principal  reliance  seems  to  have  been  on  his 
eccentric  advertisements.  We  will  insert  two  specimens. 
'^Causes  of  Crim.  Con. — Barrenness. — And  the  King's 
Evil; — ^Advice, — One  Guinea. — Come  from  ten  till  one, — 
for  I  go  to  none.  The  Anatomist  and  Sympathizer, — 
who  never  poisons, — ^nor  sheds  human  blood. — Balm  is 
always  good/'  And  again: — ''British  Christian  Lads. 
Behold — Now  is  the  day  of  salvation. — Get  understand- 
ing,— as  the  highest  gaip. — Cease  looking  boyish.— 
Become  quite  manly. — Girls  are  fond  of  hair.'* 

The  death  of  his  first  wife  afforded  another  opportunity 

*  John  Hunter,  under  whom  Van  Butchell  studied,  gave  lectures  to  hii 
pupils  on  the  natural  histor|r  and  diseases  of  the  teeth;  which  he  afterwanU 
published  in  quarto. 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  407 

for  obtaining  notoriety.  He  cansed  her  to  be  dissected. 
Mr.  Craikshank,*  the  celebrated  surgeon,  told  the  writer  of 
this  article,  that  when  the  dissection  was  about  to  com- 
mence, he  requested  Mr.  Yan  Butchell  to  withdraw,  as  the 
spectacle  would  be  too  painful  for  a  husband  to  witness, 
but  he  declined,  saying  that  he  had  always  devoted  his 
particular  attention  to  anatomy,  and  he  felt  bound  to  be 
present  at  the  operation.  When  his  wife's  eyes  were  about 
to  be  extracted,  he  was  again  entreated  to  retire,  as  the 
sudden  turning  up  of  her  eyes  upon  him  might  powerfully 
affect  his  feelings ;  but  he  was  inexorable ;  he  remained 
imto  the  end.  We  are  persuaded  that  the  whole  scene 
was  intended  by  him  for  effect  in  the  newspapers.  His 
wife's  body  is  now  deposited  in  the  museum  of  the  College 
of  Surgeons.  The  reader  who  may  be  desirous  to  obtain 
further  particulars  of  him  may  consult  Kirby's  Wonderful 
Museum,  vol.  1,  p.  191,  and  Caulffeld's  Eccentric  Magazine, 
4to.  vol.  1. 

385. 

PATENT  BOLSTERS;— LE   MOYEN   D'ETRE    EN 
BON-POINT.  Oct.lSih',  1791. 

MBS.   FITZHEBBEBT. 

About  this  period  female  dress  seems  to  have  attained 
the  climax  of  absurdity,  we  had  almost  said  of  indelicacy. 
Ladies  of  rank  thought  proper  to  invest  themselves  with 
'^  Pads"  to  affect  pregnancy ;  this  gross  folly  was  not  con- 
fined to  married  ladies,  but,  proh  pudor  !  extended  to 
widows,  and  even  to  ladies  who  never  had  husbands.f 
Fashion  always  descends  with  a  rapid  step.  Imitators 
were  soon  found  in  every  class  of  society.     Milliners  and 

*  Mr.  Crnikshank  was  first  the  pupil,  then  the  anatomical  assistant,  and 
ultimately  the  partner  of  Dr.  Wm.  Hunter  in  Anatomy. 

t  It  is  surprising  that  young  unmarried  ladies  of  the  highest  respectability 
could  thus  expose  themselves  to  the  remark  of  Sheridan's  Mrs.  Candour—- 
**  Poor  dear  girl,  who  knows  what  her  situation  may  be  ?" 


408  oillra.y's  cabicatuses. 

mantua  makers  exhibited  in  their  windows  pads  suited 
to  every  stage  of  pregnancy.  This  justly  subjected  the 
wearers  to  ridicule  and  satire.  We  shall  give  an  extract 
from  a  tract  called  *'  Humorous  Hints  to  Ladies  of  Fashion, 
who  wish  to  appear  Pregnant,  1793.*^  "The  parks,  the 
theatres^  every  place  of  public  resort  present  such  a  preg- 
nant display,  that  a  foreigner  just  arrived  would  suppose 
all  the  distinguished  heroes  of  Ireland  had  driven  English- 
men into  exile,  and  had  planted  their  standards  uncon- 
trolled in  the  fields  of  Venus  throughout  Great  Britain.'* 
Indeed,  we  might  say  with  Hudibras : — 

**  Tea,  'tis  in  Tain  to  think  to  gueas 
At  women  by  appearances." 

There  was  published,  "  The  Pad,  a  Farce  in  one  act  (by 
Robert  Woodbridge),  performed  at  Covent  Garden  with 
considerable  applause,  1793,  8vo."  "  An  amusing  Satire 
on  a  ridiculous  and  indecent  Female  Fashion  of  the  day, 
the  wearing  of  a  false  Protuberance  about  the  Waist,  by 
which  it  was  rendered  difficult  to  distinguish  the  pure  Maid 
from  the  pregnant  Matron,"  See  Biographia  Dramatica, 
1812. 

The  fashionable  female  folly  did  not  however  cease  here. 
The  protuberances  caused  by  the  pads  in  the  front  of  the 
waist,  were  rivalled  by  exuberant  projections  at  their  backs. 
The  subject  of  dress,"  says  the  Rev.  J.  P.  Malcolm, 

is  now  nearly  exhausted,  but  I  cannot  part  with  the  fol- 
lies of  thirty  years  without  permitting  an  observer  to  speak 
pi  one  of  them.''  "  Among  the  many  enormous  exube- 
rances of  modem  dress,  I  believe  there  is  one  lately  sprung 
up,  which  you  may  not  have  noticed.  You  will  perhaps 
be  surprised  when  I  tell  you  it  is  the  cork  rump.  To  ex- 
plain this  technical  term,  you  are  to  know  that  the  ladies 
have  thought  it  conducive  to  elegance  to  make  an  addition 
to  the  hinder  part  of  their  dress,  by  sewing  several  pieces 
of  cork  under  the  straps  of  their  stays,  in  order  that  by  the 
protuberance  of  this  new  addition  to  the  rump,  their  waist 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  409 

may  seem  the  smaller  and  the  more  delicate/^  (See  Mal- 
colm's Anecdotes  of  the  Maimers  and  Customs  of  London 
during  the  18th  century,  4to.  p.  448.) 

This  dress-epidemic  could  not  last  long.  The  good 
sense  of  our  fair  countrywomen  was  sure  to  prevail,  and 
repudiate  these  excrescences.*  We  have  great  pleasure  in 
extracting  from  Malcolm  the  following  paragraph. 

''The  ladies  have  at  length,  much  to  their  honour, 
thrown  aside  these  hateful  attempts  to  supply  nature's  de- 
ficiencies or  omissions,  the  false  breasts,  jpocZ^  and  bottoms, 
and  now  appear  in  their  native  grace  and  proportion,  which 
distinguishes  an  EngUshwoman ;  the  hair  cleansed  from  all 
extraneous  matter,  shines  in  beautiful  lustre,  carelessly 
thrown  round  the  head,  in  the  manner  adopted  by  the 
most  eminent  Grecian  sculptors,  and  the  form  appears 
through  their  snow-white  draperies  in  that  fascinating 
manner,  which  excludes  the  least  thought  of  impropriety. 
Their  hats  and  bonnets  of  straw,  chip  and  beaver  are  gene- 
rally well-proportioned  and  handsome,  and  their  velvet 
pelisses,  shawls  and  silk  spencers  are  contrived  to  improve, 
rather  than  injure  the  form.''     (Malcolm,  p.  448.) 

886. 
AN   ANGEL    GLIDING    ON  A  SUNBEAM    INTO 
PARADISE.  Oct.  11th,  1791. 

MBS.  SCHWBLEKBEBQ. 

The  flight  of  the  celebrated  favourite  of  Queen  Char- 
lotte, the  butt  of  so  much  of  Peter  Pindar's  satires,  to 

*  The  French  gare  the  Tarious  appellations  of  Boofant,  Fanier,  or  Tonr- 
nare,  to  the  cork  mmp.  Our  Gallic  neighboors,  howeyer,  entertained  a 
different  opinion  of  the  delicacy  of  its  nse  from  what  we  have  ventored  to 
express.  '*  Ces  paniers  qni  d'abord  n'avoient  6t6  faits  qoe  ponr  donner  k 
la  robe  on  pea  plos  de  developpement  prirent  an  tel  accroissement  que 
lenr  largeor  fat  port^  jusqa'li  qaatre  pieds.  Lorsqae  la  jeane  Marie 
Antoinette  Yonlat,  le  matin  an  moins,  so  d^barrasser  d'an  v^ment  anssi 
ridicule  que  difforme,  on  raccusa  d'indecence."  (See  "Dictionnaire  de  la 
Conversation  et  de  la  Lecture,"  voL  17.    Pari8>  1835.    Article,— >Co6tame.) 


410  gillbay's  cabicatubes. 

Hanover,  laden  with  her  savings.  An  amusing  account  of 
Mrs.  Schwelenberg  will  be  found  in  Madame  Darblay's 
Diary. 

887. 
BRITANNIA.  June  25th,  1791. 

A  rather  ludicrous  burlesque  on  the  map  of  Groat  Bri- 
tain, the  work  of  some  amateur  artist,  and  etched  by 
GiUray. 

388. 

A  WITCH,  UPON  A  MOUNT'S  EDGE. 

Oct.  17  th,  1791. 

LADT  MOUNT-EDOECUHBE. 

A  caricature  of  Lady  Mount-Edgecumbe,  and  a  play 
upon  her  name. 

889. 

LES  TROIS  MAGOTS.     THE  ^THREE  SCAMPS. 

Nov.  Ut,  1791. 

THE   THBEE   BABBYMOBES. 

The  Earl  of  Barrymore  and  his  two  brothers,  three  of 
the  wildest  rakes  of  the  day,  whose  follies  were  so  noto- 
rious and  extravagant,  that  they  received  the  popular 
nicknames  of  Newgate,  Hellgate,  and  Gripplegate.  They 
had  a  sister,  to  whom  the  Prince  of  Wales  gave  the  nick- 
name of  Billingsgate. 

890. 

THE  POWER  OF  BEAUTY— ST.  CECILIA  CHARM- 
ING THE  BRUTE;  ob,  THE  SEDUCTION  OP 
THE  WELCH  AMBASSADOR.  Feb.  1792. 

SIB  W.   W.   WYNNE.  (?)  LADY  CECILIA  JOHNSTON. 

Some  forgotten  anecdote  of  the  scandal  of  the  day. 


HISCELlANEOnS    SERIES.  411 

391. 

LE  COCHON  ET  SES  DEUX  PETITES  2  or,  EICH 
PICKINGS  FOR  A  NOBLE  APPETITE.  May,  1792. 

DUKE   OF  NORFOLK. 

Another  subject  of  contemporary  scandal,  the  hero  of 
which,  in  this  instance,  is  the  celebrated  Duke  of  Nor- 
folk, who  was  nicknamed  the  Rotal  Duke,  because  he  was 
always  drunk,  or,  to  use  the  vulgar  phrase,  ''royal.*'  Gill- 
ray  has  frequently  represented  him  as  an  inebriated  votary 
of  Bacchus ;  he  has  here  represented  him  sacrificing  to 
Venus.  After  dining  at  the  Piazza  Coflfee  House,  he  would 
sally  forth,  and  in  a  state  of  intoxication  might  be  seen  in 
the  saloons  of  the  theatres,  or  other  places  of  public  resort, 
seated  on  a  sofa  between  a  couple  of  fair  Cyprians,  quaffing 
his  wine  and  conversing  with  them.  He  used  to  wear  a 
grey  coat,  turned  up  with  a  black  velvet  collar,  black  small 
clothes,  and  black  silk  stockings,  and  would  ask  them, 
"  If  they  could  take  up  with  a  country  curate.*' 

892. 
ST.  CECILIA.  April  24th,  1 782. 

LADY   C.   JOHNSTON. 

Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  had  painted  a  picture  of  Mrs. 
Sheridan^^in  the  character  of  St.  Cecilia,  the  patroness  of 
music  and  singing.  She  is  seated  before  a  harpsichord. 
To  mark  her  amiability,  he  placed  two  children  on  her  lap, 
to  amuse  whom  she  is  playing  and  singing.  ''Among 
the  families  visited  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sheridan,*'  says 
Moore,  "was  that  of  Mr.  Coote  (Purdeu),  at  whose 
musical  parties  Mrs.  Sheridan  frequently  sung,  accom- 
panied occasionally  by  the  two  little  daughters  of  Mr. 
Coote,  who  wore  the  originals  of  the  children  introduced 
into  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds's  picture  of  Mrs.  Sheridan  as  St. 
Cecilia.''    Moore  has  subjoined  this  most  interesting  note 


412  gillbat's  caricatures. 

fco  this  passage.  ''  The  charm  of  her  singing,  as  well  as 
her  fondness  for  children,  are  interestingly  described  in  a 
letter  to  my  friend  Mr.  Rogers,  from  one  of  the  most 
tasteful  writers  of  the  present  day : — '  Hers  was  truly  ''  a 
voice  of  the  cherub  choir,''  and  she  was  always  ready  to 
sing  without  any  pressing.  She  sang  here  a  great  deal, 
and  to  my  infinite  delight;  but  what  had  a  peculiar 
charm  was,  that  she  used  to  take  my  daughter,  then  a 
child,  on  her  lap,  and  sing  a  number  of  childish  songs, 
with  such  a  playfulness  of  manner,  and  such  a  sweetness 
of  look  and  voice,  as  was  quite  enchanting.' " 

This  print  is  a  parody  on  Sir  Joshua's  picture.  Gillray 
has  represented  Lady  Cecilia  Johnston  playing  on  a  harp- 
sichord, but  instead  of  the  two  children  has  substituted 
two  cats,  to  denote  her  irritable  and  peevish  temper. 
The  manners  of  Mrs.  Sheridan  are  universally  eJlowed  to 
have  been  most  fascinating ;  whether  there  really  were 
any  grounds  for  Gillray's  sarcasm  we  are  unable  to 
discover ;  if  well  founded  we  might  say  with  Hamlet : — 
'*  Look  here  upon  this  picture, — and  on  this." 

393. 
A  SPENCER  AND  A  THRBADPAPER. 

May  17M,  1792. 
A  satire  on  the  costume  of  the  day.     One  of  tho  cha- 
racters may  possibly  be  Lord  Spencer. 

394. 
A  VESTAL  OP  —93,  TRYINQ  ON  THE  CESTUS 
OF  VENUS.  AprU  29th,  1793. 

"  Upon  her  fragrant  breast  tho  tone  was  brac'd ; 
In  it  was  every  art,  and  every  charm 
To  win  the  wisest,  and  the  coldest  warm." 
Engraved  from  a  ba88<HrelievOt  lately  fcmnd  upon  some  fragmenta  oj 
Antiquity, 

LADY  CECILIA  JOHNSTON. 

Lady  Henrietta  Cecilia  (whose  maiden  name  was  West), 
was  the  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Delawarr  by  his  wife,  the 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  413 

Lady  Charlotte  Macarty.  She  was  bom  January  25, 
1727,  and  married  May  4,  1762,  to  Lieut.-General  James 
Johnston. 

Burke,  in  his  Supplementary  Volume  to  the  History  of 
the  Landed  Gentry,  gives  the  following  account  of  her 
husband.  ^' James  Johnston,  bom  in  Dublin,  was 
appointed  Comet  of  Hawley's  (13th  Dragoons)  in  1736, 
and  on  General  Hawley^s  removal  to  the  1st  Royal 
Dragoons  in  1739,  was  transferred  to  that  corps,  and 
served  with  it  at  Dettingen,  and  the  campaign  in  Flanders, 
where  he  obtained  the  Majority  of  the  regiment  in  May 
1745,  having  repeatedly  distinguished  himself  in  affairs  of 
outposts.  He  was  promoted  to  the  Lieut. -Colonelcy  of 
the  13th,  Mostyn's  Dragoons,  in  1754 ;  and  on  his  friend. 
General  Conway,  being  appointed  Colonel  of  the  Royal 
Dragoons,  he  was  again  transferred  to  that  corps  and  pro- 
ceeded in  command  of  it  to  join  the  Allied  Army,  under 
the  command  of  Ferdinand  of  Brunswick.  Here  again 
he  was  particularly  distinguished  on  several  occasions, 
especially  at  Warburgh,  Kirk  Deuchem,  and  Elampf en ; 
in  the  latter  aflFair  he  was  severely  wounded.  In  1762,  he 
was  appointed  Major-General  in  Germany,  and  continued 
to  serve  with  that  rank  till  the  close  of  the  war.  On  the 
Army  marching  into  winter  quarters  in  Nov.  1762,  the 
Hereditary  Prince  of  Brunswick,  imder  whose  command 
he  had  formerly  been  engaged  with  the  enemy,  particu- 
larly at  Kampfen,  sent  General  Johnston  a  very  handsome 
gold  snuff-box  with  a  flattering  autograph  letter,  begging 
his  acceptance  of  it.  Peace  being  signed,  the  English 
regiments  returned  to  England  in  1763,  and  in  the 
autumn  of  that  year,  Major-General  Johnston  was  ap- 
pointed Lieut.-Govemor  and  Commander-in-Chief  of  the 
Island  of  Minorca,  whither  he  proceeded  immediately, 
and  retained  that  command  till  1774,  when  he  returned  to 
England.  From  that  period  until  his  decease,  he  was 
much  employed  on  the  staff  at  home ;   and  for  several 


414  qillray's  caricatures. 

years  commanded  camps  of  exercise,  whicli  were  formed 
on  Salisbury  Plain.  He  died  in  Dec.  1797,  being  a 
General  in  the  Army,  Colonel  of  the  Inniskillen  Dragoons, 
and  commanding  the  Eastern  District,  consisting  of  the 
counties  of  Norfolk,  Suffolk,  and  Essex.  General  John- 
ston, when  Major  in  the  Boyal  Dragoons,  was  reputed  the 
handsomest  man,  and  best  swordsman  in  the  army ;  and 
many  anecdotes  are  told  of  his  exploits  both  in  the  field 
and  in  casual  rencontres,  which  in  those  days,  when  no 
gentleman  ever  went  out  without  his  sword,  were  of 
frequent  occurrence.  Although  of  a  Scotch  &mily,  ho 
was,  from  the  circumstance  of  his  being  bom  at  DubUn, 
usually  called  Irish  Johnston,  and  is  so  called  by  Horace 
Walpole,  who  frequently  mentions  him  in  his  letters  to 
Sir  Horace  Mann,  Marshal  Conway,  &c.,  to  distinguish 
him  from  his  relation  of  the  same  name  and  standing  in 
the  army,  who  died  Colonel  of  the  Scotch  Greys,  in  1795. 
By  his  wife,  the  Lady  H.  Cecilia  West,  eldest  daughter  of 
John,  Earl  of  Delawarr,  he  had  a  daughter  Caroline,  mar- 
ried to  Colonel  Evelyn  Anderson,*  brother  to  Charles, 
first  Lord  Yarborough,  who  died  in  1823,  leaving  no 
issue — and  one  son/'  Thus  far,  Burko  in  his  History  of 
the  Landed  Gentry :  we  may  add  that  Lady  Cecilia  had 
another  daughter,  Hester  Maria,  who  died  in  her  infancy ; 
and  that  her  son,  Henry  George,  was  Major  of  the 
Yorkshire  Hussars.     He  died  before  his  mother. 

In  this  print,  Gillray  has  depicted  Lady  Cecilia  Johnston 
as  a  Vestal  of — 93,  that  is,  of  1793.  She  is  in  a  sitting 
posture,  with  Ovid's  Art  of  Love  in  her  pocket.  Cupid  is 
encircling  her  with  the  Cestus  of  Venus,  (a  pa^)  which 
one  of  the  attendant  Loves  is  adjusting  to  her  person,  and 
Cupid  is  preparing  to  fasten  it  on,  while  another  of  the 
Loves  holds  up  a  mirror,  in  which  the  delighted  Lady 
Cecilia  surveys  herself  with  transports  of  delight.  The 
arrows  are  falling  out  of  Cupid's  quiver,  and  his  bow  with 

*  Of  the  coantj  of  LincolD. 


MISCELTJINEOUS    SERIES.  415 

an  arrow  in  it  lies  below  him.     On  the  left  of  the  print  is 
a  fire  burning  on  the  altar  of  Vesta. 

This  print  and  its  inscription,  puzzled  us  extremely. 
We  were  aware  there  would  be  no  mythological  impro- 
priety in  investing  a  married  woman  with  the  Cestus  of 
Venus,  because  Homer  makes  Juno  borrow  it  to  recover 
the  waning  aflFections  of  Jupiter :  but  we  could  not  com- 
prehend by  what  licence  of  sarcasm,  or  caricature,  Lady 
Cecilia  Johnston,  a  lady  of  unblemished  character,  who 
had  been  married  upwards  of  thirty  years  and  had  three 
children,  could  be  denominated  a  vestal,  and  represented 
as  superintending  the  sacred  fire  on  the  altar  of  Vesta. 
We  applied  to  an  eminent  collector  to  inquire  if  he  could 
account  for  this  representation  of  Lady  Cecilia  Johnston, 
and  were  informed,  the  plate  had  been  altered  from  the 
original  design;  a  former  portrait  having  been  effaced, 
and  that  of  Lady  Cecilia  substituted.  ^'  Ibi  efiusus  est 
omnis  labor.^'  The  problem  was  solved.  Gillray  in  altering 
the  plate,  forgot  to  remove  the  altar  of  Vesta,  and  make 
a  corresponding  change  in  the  inscription.  He  gratified 
his  spleen,  but  the  incongruity  injured  his  print. 

This  exemplifies  a  remark  of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk, 
that  he  never  knew  a   painting  altered,*  without  some 

*  The  Duke's  remark  is  equally  applicable  to  literary  compositions. 
When  Pope  first  published  the  Dundad,  be  made  Theobald  the  hero  of  the 
poem,  in  revenge  of  Theobald's  attack  on  his  translation  of  Homer,  and  his 
edition  of  Shakspeare ;  having  subsequently  quarrelled  with  Gibber,  he 
dethroned  Theobald,  and  elevated  dbber  to  the  unenviable  pre-eminence  ; 
bnt  the  shafts  of  ridicule,  which  were  successfully  levelled  against  Theo- 
bald's feeble  attempts  at  emendatory  criticism,  his  love  of  black-letter 
literature,  and 

**  All  such  reading  as  was  never  read/' 
fell  pointless  on  the  author  of  the  Careless  Husband  ;  Theobald  and 
Gibber  had  no  pursuits  in  common.  One  spleudid  exception,  however,  must 
be  made  to  the  general  remark  on  the  usual  infelicity  of  alterations  and  re- 
cODStmctions  of  literary  compositions.  The  enlargement  of  the  Rape  of  tlic 
Lock  by  the  introduction  of  the  machinery  of  the  Sylphs  and  Gnomes,  is 
one  of  the  finest  conceptions  of  modem  genius,  and  is  managed  with  con- 
summate skill  and  judgment. 

27 


416  qillray's  cabicatueeb. 

material  injury  to  it.  When  the  Duke  repaired  and 
enlarged  Arundel  Castle,  lie  converted  the  Chapel  into  a 
dining-room,  at  one  end  of  which  he  placed  a  very  large 
painted  window,  executed  by  Eginton.  It  represents 
King  Solomon  (the  Duke  of  Norfolk)  entertaining  the 
Queen  of  Sheba  at  a  banquet.  The  guests  are  portraits 
of  the  Duke's  family  or  friends;  among  them  is  Lady 
Elizabeth  Howard,  third  daughter  of  the  last  Lord 
Fauconberg,  and  wife  of  Bernard  Edwin  Howard,  Esq. 
After  the  painting  was  completed,  but  before  it  was  put 
up.  Lady  Elizabeth  eloped  with  Lord  Lucan,  and  the 
marriage  was  dissolved  by  Act  of  Parliament  in  1794. 
Mr.  Howard  was  extremely  urgent  with  the  Duke  to  have 
another  portrait  substituted  for  that  of  his  divorced  wife ; 
the  Duke,  however,  was  immoveable;  he  said,  '*  he  was 
sure  some  circumstance  would  be  overlooked  in  making 
the  alteration,  and  the  harmony  of  the  design  destroyed.^' 
The  painting  remains  in  its  original  state  to  the  present 
time,  and  will  now,  of  course,  be  so  transmitted  to 
posterity.* 

We  have  not  been  able  to  discover  the  cause  of  Gillray'a 
bitter  attacks  upon  Lady  Cecilia  Johnston;  she  was  a 
votary,  not  a  slave  of  fashion.  The  Female  Jockey  Club, 
which  draws  severe  characters  of  Lady  Buckinghamshire, 
Lady  Archer,  and  many  of  the  leading  ladies,  wholly 
abstains  from  all  allusion  to  Lady  Cecilia  Johnston.  The 
most  solid  testimony  to  her  good  conduct  is,  that  on  the 
death  of  her  husband,  Lieut.-General  Johnston,  she  had 
apartments  assigned  to  her   in  Hampton  Court  Palace, 

*  Dallawaj  in  hu  History  of  Sussex,  Vol.  2,  part  1,  Key.  A.  Tieroey 
(Chaplain  to  the  late  Dnke  of  Norfolk),  in  his  History  of  the  Town  and 
Casile  of  Amndcl,  and  Horsfield  in  his  History  of  Sosaex,  omit  all  notice 
of  this  paiDtiag.  Britton  in  his  Beauties  of  England  and  Wales,  mentiooa 
the  painiinp^,  but  only  notices  the  portraits  of  the  Duke  and  Duchess  of 
Norfolk  as  King  Solomon  and  the  Queen  of  Sheba  ;  he  erroneously  places 
the  painted  window  in  the  drawing-room,  instead  of  the  banqueting-room. 
(Beauties  of  England,  Vol.  14,  p.  81.) 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  417 

where  she  continued  to  reside,  until  her  decease  in  March 
1817. 


395. 
SPOUTING.  May  14th,  1792. 

MRS.   ARMISTEAD.  FOX. 

This  is  said  to  allude  to  a  lover's  quarrel  between  Fox 
and  his  favourite,  Mrs.  Armistead,  which  occurred  about 
this  time. 

396. 
A  DUET.  May  Uth,  1792. 

Allusion  to  some  story  of  contemporary  scandal,  now 
forgotten.  The  gentleman  is  said  to  be  a  city  pastrycook, 
well  known  by  the  nickname  of  Captain  Rolling-pin,  one 
of  the  last  heroes  of  the  ancient  city  trained  bands. 

397. 

FLEMISH   CHARACTERS.  January  Isf,  1793. 

This  and  the  following  were  engraved  from  sketches 
made  by  Gillray  during  his  tour  through  Flanders,  where 
he  accompanied  Loutherbourgh.  in  1793,  to  prepare  for 
the  grand  picture  of  the  taking  of  Valenciennes. 

398. 
FLEMISH   CHARACTERS.  January  Ut,  1793. 

899. 

AND  CATCH  THE  LIVING  MANNERS  AS  THEY 
RISE.  May  7th,  1794, 

A  satire  on  the  ridiculous  costume  of  this  period,  espe- 
cially the  enormous  feathers  worn  by  the  ladies  on  their 

27  * 


418  oillray's  caricatures. 

heads.  These  are  two  exquisites  of  the  year  1794, 
probably  members  of  the  Manners  family,  judging  by  the 
title  of  the  plate,  which  is  no  doubt  a  pun,  as  well  as  a 
quotation. 

This  is  the  first  of  a  series  of  plates,  intended  by  Gillray, 
*'  to  shew  tlie  very  age  and  body  of  the  times,  his  fonn  and 
pressure.^'  It  is  a  satire  on  the  enormous  height  of  the 
feathers  worn  by  ladies  of  fashion  at  this  period;  a 
TALL  lady  was  compelled  to  stoop  in  passing  through  the 
doors  of  her  rooms,  and  when  she  attended  Queen  Char- 
lotte's drawing-room  so  attired,  and  invested  with  a  hoop 
of  the  amplitude  required  by  Court  etiquette,  she  was 
compelled  not  only  to  stoop,  but  to  pass  sidling  through 
the  doors  of  her  apartments,  and  to  enter  her  carriage  in 
a  similar  manner.  This  reminds  us  of  an  anecdote  related 
by  Monstrelet,  and  other  historians,  that  when  Queen 
Isabel  of  Bavaria  kept  her  court  at  Vincennes,  in  1416, 
it  was  found  necessary  to  heighten  and  widen  the  doors 
of  all  the  state  aparments,  that  the  head-dresses  of  the 
Queen  and  her  ladies  might  have  room  to  enter. 

400. 
MODERN   ELEGANCE.     A   PORTRAIT. 

May  22nd,  1795. 

LADY  CHARLOTTE  CAMPBELL  (KOW  LADY  CHARLOTTE  BURY). 

Horace  Walpole  has  written  on  his*  impression  of  this 
print,  "  Lady  Charlotte  Campbell,  second  daughter  of 
John  Duke  of  Argyll,  1795.''  Lady  Charlotte  Campbell 
is  universally  allowed  to  have  been  one  of  the  most 
celebrated  beauties  of  the  period,  to  have  possessed 
considerable  intellectual  acquirements,  and  the  most  fas- 
cinating manners.  Bate  Dudly  has  given  this  bewitching 
description  of  her, — 

*  This  impression  of  the  print  is  now  in  the  possession  of  W.  Smith,  Esq. 
formerly  tlic  eminent  ])rintseller. 


MISCELLANEOUS    SERIES.  419 


a 


Look  what  a  shape  I 


Limbes  fondlie  fashioned  in  the  wanton  moulde 
Of  Nature !    Warm  in  Loye's  slie  wytcheries, 
And  scominge  all  the  draperie  of  Arte, 
A  spider's  loome  now  weaves  her  thinne  attire, 
Through  which  the  roguish  tell-tale  windes 
Do  frolicke  as  they  liste  I" 

VORTIOERN  AND  ROWENA. 

Lady  Charlotte  Susan  Maria  CampboU,  was  bom  June 
21,  1775,  she  married  June  14,  1796,  Colonel  John 
Campbell  of  Shawfield,  who  died  15th  of  March,  1809. 
She  married  secondly  the  Rev.  Edward  Bury,  who  died  in 
1832.  She  is  the  author  of  "  The  three  Great  Sanctuaries 
of  Tuscany,  Valombrosa,  Camaldoli  and  Lavema,  a  Poem, 
with  historical  and  legendary  notes,  and  engravings  from 
drawings  illustrative  of  the  scenery,  by  the  Rev.  Edward 
Bury,''  oblong  folio,  1833.  Also  ''  Family  Records,  or 
the  Two  Sisters,''  3  vols.  12mo.  1833.  The  Vox  Populi, 
however,  will  make  her  un  auteur  malgre  lui,  and  pertina- 
ciously persists  in  ascribing  to  her  pen,  '^  A  Diary  illus- 
trative of  the  Times  of  George  IV."  4  vols.  8vo.  1837-39, 
but  her  Ladyship  repudiates  this  production,  and  assured 
a  noble  poet  she  did  not  write  it ;  he  replied,  ''  he  felt 
confident  she  did  not,  as  no  lady  of  any  delicacy  of  mind 
could  have  written  it."  No  answer  being  returned,  we 
do  not  know  whether  Lady  Charlotte  Bury  received  the 
remark  as  a  sarcasm  or  a  compliment. 

401. 
COUNT  ROUPEE.  June  bth,  1797. 

p.   BENFIELD. 

An  equestrian  sketch  of  the  well  known  Paul  Benfield, 
who,  returning  from  India  with  £300,000,  entered  into 
partnership  with  Boyd,  and  established  the  firm  of  Boyd 
and  Benfield,  one  of  the  most  extensive  mercantile  firms 
in  London.  He  obtained  a  seat  in  Parliament,  and  was 
prosecuted  for  bribery.     Pitt,  then  a  young  man,  was 


420  gille^t's  caricatubes. 

on  his  first  circuit,  and^  bis  senior  counsel  being  taken 
ill^  conducted  the  defence.  The  house  was  most  exten- 
sively engaged  in  loanSj  but  failed  in  consequence  of  their 
losing  an  enormous  sum  they  had  invested  in  the  Frendi 
funds^  which  was  confiscated  on  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Revolution.  By  the  treaty  of  1814,  however,  the  French 
government  was  bound  to  reimburse  the  English  holders, 
which  enabled  Boyd  and  Benfield  to  pay  their  creditors 
208.  in  the  pound,  with  interest  for  the  long  intervening 
period  of  the  war. 

The  title  given  to  Benfield  by  Gillray  is  no  doubt  in 
allusion  to  the  circumstance  of  his  wealth  having  been 
acquired  in  India. 

402. 
FOLLOWING  THE  FASHION.  Dec.  9th,  1794. 

Another  satire  on  contemporary  fashions,  which  hardly 
requires  any  explanation,  beyond  what  the  print  itself 
conveys. 

403. 

JJNTER  COWSLIP,  WITH  A  BOWL  OF  CREAM. 

June  ISth,  1795. 

COUHTESS  OF  BUCXINGHAMSHIBB. 

Lady  Buckinghamshire  in  the  character  of  Cowslip, 
which  she  performed  in  the  private  theatricals  at  Branden- 
burgh  House. 

404. 
CHARACTERS  IN  HIGH  LIFE.        June  20th,  1795. 

DUCHESS  07  RUTLAND.  LADY  OSBTBUDS  MANNERS. 

A  continuation  of  the  satires  on  the  enormities  of  &8hion. 
The  persons  represented  are  the  Duchess  of  Rutland  and 
her  unmarried  sister^,  Lady  Gertrude  Manners. 


lilSCELLANlOUS  S£RI£S.  421 

405. 

PARASOLS  FOR  1795.  June  \5th,  1795. 

Fasliions  again.  At  tliis  time  the  ladies  wore  great  and 
&ntastic  head-dresses  of  straw^  and  the  gentlemen's  hats 
were  made  absurdly  wide,  which  might  well  be  considered 
as  serving  the  purpose  of  a  parasol. 

406. 
THE  SHADOW  OP  A  DUKE.  June  25th,  1795. 

COLONEL  THOBNTON. 

Colonel  Thornton  imagined  that  he  resembled  the  Duke 
of  Hamilton,  whose  manners  and  gait  he  imitated  with  the 
utmost  care,  it  was  said  in  the  conceit  of  being  mistaken 
for  the  Duke  when  he  walked  the  streets. 

407. 
A  SLICE  OP  GLOSTER  CHEESE.     June  2nd,  1795. 

PRINCE  WILLL&M   OF  GLOUCESTER. 

This  is  said  to  have  been  a  striking  likeness,  in  form  and 
manners,  of  the  late  Duke  of  Gloucester,  who,  when  young, 
was  remarkably  thin.  He  was  nicknamed  a  single  slice  of 
Gloster. 

Prince  William  of  Gloucester  was  bom  in  the  Theodole 
Palace  at  Rome,  January  15,  1776.  He  was  sent  to  the 
University  of  Cambridge  to  finish  his  education;  on 
quitting  the  University  he  entered  the  army,  and  in  pro- 
gress of  time  became  a  Field  Marshal  in  the  British  army. 
He  succeeded  his  father  as  Duke  of  Gloucester  in  August, 
1805.  On  the  death  of  the  Duke  of  Gh:afton  he  became  a 
candidate  for  the  Chancellorship  of  the  University  of  Cam- 
bridge, and  was  opposed  by  the  Duke  of  Rutland.  The 
election  took  place  on  the  26th  of  March^  181 1.    The  votes 


422  qillbat's  caricatures. 

were,  for  the  Duke  of  Gloucester,  476 ;  for  the  Duke  of 
Butland,  356.  He  was  installed  on  the  29th  of  June 
following.  On  the  26th  of  July,  1816,  he  married  his  first 
cousin,  the  Princess  Mary,  the  fourth  daughter  of  George 
III.  He  was  a  Whig  in  his  political  principles.  His 
marriage  with  the  sister  of  George  I Y.  did  not  induce  him 
to  compromise  his  independence.  When  the  Bill  of  Pains 
and  Penalties  against  Queen  Caroline  was  introduced  into 
the  House  of  Lords  he  uniformly  voted  in  favour  of  the 
Queen.  He  died  in  November,  1834.  The  Duchess  of 
Gloucester  survives  him. 

408. 

FOR  IMPROVING  THE  BREED.    SKETCHED  AT 
WIRTEMBERG.  Oct.  24^th,  1796. 

KINO   OF  WIBTEMBEBQ. 

A  burlesque  picture  of  the  Duke  of  Wirtemberg,  who 
was  rem^kable  for  his  obesity,  published  when  he  came 
over  to  marry  the  Princess  Royal. 

409. 
A  liADY  PUTTING  ON  HER  CAP.  June  30th,  1795. 

On  the  turban-caps  worn  by  the  ladies  at  this  time, 
which  were  remarkable  for  the  quantity  of  materials  the 
ladies  contrived  to  wrap  round  their  heads. 

410. 

THE     GREAT      SOUTH      SEA     CATERPILLAR, 
TRANSFORMED  INTO  A  BATH  BUTTERFLY. 

July  4th,  1795. 

SIB   JOSEPH   BANKS. 

Sir  Joseph  Banks  was  a  great  favourite  with  George  IIL 
by  whose  influence  ho  was  elected  President  of  the  Royal 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  423 

Society^  a  place  which  some  thought  might  have  been 
filled  more  worthily,  although,  considering  all  the  cir- 
cumstances, this  is  a  matter  of  very  great  doubt.  The 
King^s  interference  in  appointments  connected  with  science 
and  art  was  a  common  subject  of  disapprobation.  On  Sir 
Joseph's  return  from  the  voyage  round  the  world,  in 
company  with  Captain  Cook,  he  was  made  a  Knight  of  the 
Bath  and  a  Privy  Councillor. 

**  From  Joseph  Banks  onto  Sir  Knight, 
Then  Friyy  Conncillor,  in  spite 

Of  nature,  brain,  and  education  I — 
If,  for  the  last,  he  hands  has  kiss'd, 
There's  not  a  reptile  on  his  list 

E'er  knew  a  stranger  tranefnuttxtum** 

Pbtbb  PnrDAB. 

It  is  the  sunshine  of  royalty  which  is  represented  as 
having  produced  the  metamorphosis. 

Sir  Joseph  was  profoundly  versed  in  the  science  of 
Natural  History,  and  was  held  in  the  highest  esteem  by 
his  contemporaries.  On  his  death,  which  took  place  June 
19th,  1820,  Cuvier  pronounced  a  public  ^loge  upon  him, 
and  the  Linnaean  Society  caused  a  statue  of  him  to  be 
executed  by  Chantrey,  which  is  now  placed  in  the  British 
Museum. 

411. 
THE  AECHDUKB.  Nov.  15th,  1796. 

ASCHDUKE  CHAXLES. 

The  Archduke  Charles  of  Austria,  though  a  brave  and 
skilful  general,  was  rather  strange  and  eccentric  in  private, 
and  furnished  plentiful  material  for  ridicule  and  satire. 

412. 
A  DECENT  STORY.  Nov.  4th,  1 795. 

This  plate,  etched  by  Gillray  from  the  sketch  of  an 
amateur,  needs  no  explanation. 


424  gillray's  caeicatdbes. 

413. 
TWOPENNY  WHIST.  January  Wih,  1796. 

BETTT  (the  shop  woman  at  Mrs.  Homplirey^B). 

HBS.  HUMFHBET.  MB.  JEFFSET.  WATSOK. 

This  appears  to  be  intended  as  a  sketch  of  one  of  the 
ordinary  evening  parties  at  the  house  of  Mrs.  Humphrey, 
the  publisher  of  GiUray's  Caricatures.  Mrs.  Betty  is  the 
winner  of  the  game,  to  the  evident  astonishment  of  some 
of  her  companions. 

414. 

A  MODERN  BELLE  GOING  TO  THE  ROOMS  AT 
BATH.  January  ISth,  1796. 

Another  satire  on  the  monstrous  head-dresses.  Some 
such  contrivance  as  this  seemed  very  necessary  to  allow  a 
lady  to  take  her  place  in  a  sedan* 

415. 

THE  FASHIONABLE    MAMMA;    OR,  THE  CON- 
VENIENCE  OP  MODERN  DRESS.   Feb.  13th,  1796. 

This  is  an  ingenious  adaptation  of  fashion  to  convenience. 
This  lady,  who  is  said  to  have  been  a  Viscountess,  then  one 
of  the  chief  leaders  of  the  heau  monde,  contrives  to  do  the 
duties  of  a  mother,  although,  as  the  carriage  outside  shews, 
on  the  point  of  starting  for  a  route. 

416. 

LADY    GODIVA'S    ROUT;    OR,    PEEPING    TOM 
SPYING  OUT  POPE  JOAN.         March  12ih,  1796. 

LADT  BUCKINOHAMSHIBB.     DB.  SNETD.     LADT  COVENTBT. 

It  would  not  be  easy  now  to  point  out  all  the  persons 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  425 

represented  in  this  satire  on  fasUonable  life^  whicli  is  espe- 
cially aimed  at  the  rather  extreme  scantiness  of  clothing, 
which  characterized  the  costume  of  the  ladies  at  this 
period.  The  eyes  of  the  personage  who  acts  as  candle- 
snuflFer  are  evidently  occupied  with  some  totally  different 
object  to  that  which  requires  his  attention. 


417. 

HIGH    CHANGE    IN    BOND    STREET;     OR,    LA 
POLITESSE  DU  GRAND  MONDE.  March21, 1796. 

This  is  understood  to  be  a  very  fair  attack  on  the  want 
of  courtesy  in  the  gentlemen  frequenters  of  Bond  Street 
(the  grand  fashionable  lounge  at  the  time  it  was  published), 
some  of  whom  shewed  no  hesitation  in  taking  the  wall, 
and  even  the  pavement  of  the  ladies,  throwing  them,  as 
here  represented,  into  the  street.  Matters  are  certainly 
improved,  but  even  now  street  politeness  is  not  always 
carried  to  the  utmost  extent. 

418. 
A  BURGESS  OF  WARWICK  LANE.  July  3rd,  179B. 

DB.  BUBOESS. 

Dr.  Burgess,  a  medical  practitioner,  who  resided  in  Mor- 
timer Street,  was  one  of  the  remarkable  characters  of  his 
day,  and  was  frequently  made  the  subject  of  prints  and 
caricatures.  He  is  called  a  Burgess  of  Warwick  Lane, 
from  the  College  of  Physicians  being  there  at  this  period. 

419. 

LA  BELLE  ESPAGNOLE  ;     OR,   LA  DOUBLURE 
DE  MADAME  TALLIEN.  Feb.  25th,  1796. 

This  is  said  to  represent  a  Creole  lady  from  Spanish 


426  QILLBAT^S   CARICATURES. 

America,  who  was  at  this  time  a  celebrated  performer  in 
the  ballet,  and  who  bore  a  striking  resemblance  to  Madame 
Tallien,  also  a  Creole. 

420. 

MY  POLL  AND  MY  PARTNER  JOE.  April  18th,  1796. 

One  of  those  offsprings  of  wit  which  requires  no  expla- 
nation but  what  itself  furnishes. 

421. 

OH!  THAT  THIS  TOO  SOLID  FLESH  WOULD 
MELT.  March  20th,  1791. 

An  illustration  of  the  great  bard  which  would  hardly  find 
a  place  in  the  Shakespeare  gallery. 

422. 
CYMON  AND  IPHIGENLi.  May  2nd,  1796. 

A  rather  broad  parody  on  the  classic  story. 

423. 

THE  LOSS  OF  THE  FARO  BANK;  OR,  THE  ROOKS 
PIGEONED.  Feb.  2nd,  1797. 

LORD  BUCKINOHAMSHIRB.  LADT  BUCEINOHAMSHIRB.  MBS. 
CONCANNON.  FOX.  SHERIDAN.  COLONBL  HANOSR. 
LADT  ARCHER. 

This  and  the  following  prints  were  intended  as  satires  on 
the  rage  for  gambling  which  was  at  this  time  the  corse  of 
fashionable  life.  The  three  ladies  of  this  party.  Lady 
Bnckinghamshire,  Mrs.  Goncannon,  and  Lady  Archer, 
were  so  notoriously  addicted  to  the  faro  table,  that  they 
were  commonly  known  by  the  derisive  appellation   of 

Faro's  (Pharaoh's)  Daughters.^'    The  present  caricature 


f( 


MISCELLANEOUS    SERIES.  427 

is  said  to  refer  iyo  an  incident  which  happened  at  the  house 
of  Lady  Buckinghamshire,  when  at  the  faro  table.  Lord 
Buckinghamshire  suddenly  entered  aghast,  with  the  infor- 
mation that  the  bank  was  robbed,  and  the  thieves  were 
fled,  to  the  great  consternation  of  the  whole  party.  It  was 
suspected  that  this  robbery  was  a  mere  trick  to  suit  the 
convenience  of  the  table-holders,  for  all  the  party  were  re- 
duced at  times  to  considerable  distress  by  their  gambling 
propensities.  The  print  contains  an  insinuation  against 
Fox,  as  being  at  least  privy  to  the  cause  of  the  disaster. 
Gillray  has  here  assumed  the  licence  of  a  caricaturist,  as 
Fox  had  left  off  play  for  many  years. 


424. 
DISCIPLINE  A  LA  KENYON.         March  27th,  1797. 

LADY  ARCHER.         LADY  MOUNT-EDGECUMBE.         LORD   KENYON. 

LADY  BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. 

The  trio  of  gambling  ladies  brought  under  the  lash  of 
the  law.  When  giving  judgment  on  a  case  relating  to 
gambling,  that  had  been  brought  before  the  Court  over 
which  he  presided  as  Judge,  Lord  Kenyon  gave  utter- 
ance to  his  honest  indignation  against  the  fashionable  vice 
of  the  day;  and  concluded,  in  allusion  to  its  prevalence 
among  the  aristocracy,  and  the  ruin  it  was  bringing  on 
society,  by  declaring,  "  If  any  prosecutions  of  this  nature 
are  fairly  brought  before  me,  and  the  parties  are  justly 
convicted,  whatever  may  be  their  rank  or  station  in  the 
country,  though  they  should  be  the  first  ladies  in  the  land, 
they  shall  certainly  exhibit  themselves  on  the  pillory.'' 
The  satirist  has  pictured  the  possible  consequences  of  this 
threat. 


428  GILLRAT^S   OARICATURES. 

425. 

EXALTATION  OP  PHARAOH'S  DAUGHTERS. 

May  12th,  1796. 

LADY  BUCEINOHAMSHIBB.  LADY  ABCHSB. 

Two  of  the  same  trio  undergoing  Lord  Kenyon's  ''  dis- 
cipline.^ 


ff 


426. 
GEORGT  A  COCKHORSE.  Nov.2Srd,  1796. 

COLONEL  HANOEB. 

Colonel  George  Hanger,  afterwards  Lord  Coleraine,  was 
one  of  the  most  celebrated  cliaracters  of  his  day^  and  is 
often  figured  in  the  present  series  of  prints.  He  is  here 
represented  at  the  tavern  called  the  Mount,  in  Lower 
Grosvenor  Street,  celebrated  at  this  time  as  the  meeting- 
place  of  a  club  of  wits  who  lived  joyously. 

427. 

SANDWICH    CARROTS!      DAINTY    SANDWICH 
CARROTS.  Dec.  3rd,  1796. 

LORD   SANDWICH. 

The  scene  represented  here  is  said  to  have  been  one  of 
the  usual  amusements  of  Lord  Sandwich.  A  guinea  was 
the  usual  mark  of  his  attention  to  the  lucky  flower-girl, 
or  itinerant  barrow-woman,  who  attracted  his  glance. 

428. 

A  CORNER  NEAR  THE  BANK ;  OR,  AN  EXAMPLE 
FOR  FATHERS.  Sept.  26th,  1796. 

This  is  understood  to  represent  a  clerk  of  the  Bank  of 
England,  well  known  in  his  day,  for  his  attentions  to  the 
city  frail  ones.  The  scandalmongers  of  the  past  have  only 
handed  his  name  down  to  us  as  '^  old  P .^' 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  429 

429. 
A  PEEP  AT  CHRISTIE^S  >    OR,  TALLY-HO  AND 
HIS       NIMENEY-PIMENEY       TAKING     THE 
MORNING  LOUNGE.  Sept.  Uh,  1796. 

MISS  FABREN.  EABL  OF  DEKBT. 

Miss  Farren  acted  with  inimitable  skill  the  character  of 
Nimeney-Pimeney  in  General  Burgoyne^s  Heiress.  For 
some  reason  or  other,  this  lady^  one  of  the  most  admired 
beauties  of  her  day,  was  an  object  of  determined  hostility 
with  Gillray .  But  a  few  months  after  the  date  of  this  cari- 
cature, she  became  the  second  wife  of  the  Earl  of  Derby, 
who,  for  his  political  principles,  was  also  a  very  frequent 
subject  of  Gillray^s  wit.  Lord  Derby  was  a  great  hunter, 
and  here,  viewing  the  pictures  at  Christie's,  they  are  sup- 
posed to  be  shewing  their  several  tastes.  It  may  be 
remarked,  in  regard  to  the  allusion  apparently  made  here, 
that  no  slur  was  ever  cast  on  Miss  Farren's  virtue.  In 
evidence  of  which  we  think  it  right  to  record  that  when 
Miss  Farren  became  Countess  of  Derby,  she  addressed  a 
letter  to  Queen  Charlotte,  to  inquire  whether  she  would 
be  admitted  to  her  Drawing-room.  The  Queen  replied, 
that  she  would  be  very  happy  to  receive  her  there,  as  she 
always  understood  her  conduct  to  be  very  exemplary. 


430. 
CONTEMPLATIONS  UPON  A  CORONET. 

March  20th,  1797. 

MISS   FABBEN. 

Another  satire  on  this  celebrated  actress,  who,  as  the 
period  of  her  marriage  approached,  is  represented  as  making 
a  nearer  contemplation  of  the  object  of  her  ambition. 


430  qillray's  caricatubss. 

431. 
MODERN  GRACE;  OR,  THE  OPERATICAL  FINALE 
TO  THE  BALLET  OP  "ALONZO  E  CARO!" 

May  5th,  1796. 

A  satire  on  the  opera^  where  the  ballet  had  attained  to 
an  extraordinary  popularity.  A  great  outcry  was  set  up 
by  the  strict  moralists  against  the  exposure  of  the  person 
exhibited  by  the  danseuses. 

432. 
THE  MARRIAGE  OP  CUPID  AND  PSYCHE. 

May  3rd,  1797. 

EABL  OF  DERBY.  MISS  FABBEN. 

A  satii-e  on  the  marriage  of  the  Earl  of  Derby  with  Miss 
Farreu.  The  reader  need  hardly  be  informed  that  this  is 
a  parody  on  the  beautiful  antique  gem  of  the  marriage  of 
Cupid  and  Psyche^  known  as  the  Marlborough  Gem. 

433. 
PTLADES  AND  ORESTES.  April  Ut,  1797. 

COUNT  NASSALIN.  PRINCE  WILLIAM  OF  ORANGE. 

The  abdicated  Stadtholder  spent  much  of  his  day  thus 
perambulating  Old  Bond  Street,  with  his  Secretary,  Count 
Nassalin ;  the  Prince  himseK,  who  was  remarkable  for  his 
heavy  corpulence,  being  frequently  in  a  state  of  somno- 
lence during  his  walk. 

434. 

HEROES  RECRUITING  AT  KELSEY'S;  OR,  GUARD 
DAY  AT  ST.  JAMES'S.  June  9th,  1797. 

CAFfAIN   BURCH. 

The  tall  hero  regaling  himself  is  understood  to  represent 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  431 

Captain  Burcli  of  the  Royal  Household  Troops,  the  officers 
of  which  troops,  when  on  guard  at  St.  James's,  were  great 
frequenters  of  this  celebrated  fruiterer's  in  St.  James'i 
Street. 


4^5. 

A  HINT  TO   MODERN  SCULPTORS  AS  AN  OR- 
NAMENT    TO    A    FUTURE    SQUARE. 

May  3rd,  1796. 

PRINCE   OP  WALES. 

A  satirical  portrait  of  the  Prince,  in  the  costume  of  his 
regiment,  which  he  is  supposed  to  be  going  to  review. 
About  this  time  it  was  in  contemplation  to  erect  statues 
in  some  of  the  squares  of  London. 

436. 

UN  DIPLOMATIQUE,  SETTLING  AFFAIRS  AT 
STEVENS'S.  June  9th,  1797. 

BABON  DE   HASLANO. 

One  of  the  diplomatic  body  (the  Bavarian  minister), 
who  was  in  the  practice  of  enjoying  himself  alone  at 
Stevens's,  in  Bond  Street,  one  of  the  most  fashionable 
taverns  of  that  period. 

437. 

STAGGERING  BOBS,  A  TALE  FOR  SCOTCHMEN; 
OR,  MUNCHAUSEN  DRIVING  HIS  CALVES 
TO  MARKET.  Dec.  Ut,  1796. 

GEOBGE    HAKGEB. 

A  caricature  on  Colonel  Hanger,  afterwards  Lord  Cole- 
raine.  The  noble  Scot  alluded  to  is  said  to  have  been 
Lord  Galloway. 

28 


432  gtllray's  caricatures. 

438. 

PORTRAIT  OP  AN  IRISH  CHIEF;  DRAWN  FROM 
LIFE   AT  WEXFORD.  July  10th,  1798, 

QRATTAN. 

Grattan,  the  great  Irish  patriot,  in  the  character  of  an 
Irish  rebel.  The  rebellion  broke  out  in  the  county  of 
Wexford  in  the  May  of  1798,  and  the  rebels  made  them- 
selves masters  of  that  city,  which  remained  for  a  time  their 
chief  post.  This  print  is  supposed  to  allude  to  an  inter- 
view between  Grattan  and  Arthur  O'Connor  at  Grattan's 
country  house.  Grattan  refused  to  join  the  "United 
Irishmen, '^  but  Government  struck  him  out  of  the  Privy 
Council,  and  the  Corporation  of  Dublin  removed  his  portrait 
from  their  court  room.  Gillray  has  put  into  the  month  of 
Grattan  the  words  No  Union,     Erin  go  Bragh  /* 

439. 
PUSHPIN.  ApHl  nth,  1 797. 

MRS.  WINDSOR.     THE  DUKE  OP  QUEENSBERRY. 

Peter  Pindar^s  "  little  gamesome  Piccadilly  Duke"  oc- 
cupied in  one  of  those  very  intellectual  games,  which  were 
fashionable  at  this  time.  The  lady  with  whom  he  is  at 
play  is  said  to  have  been  a  well-known  priestess  of  Venus, 
usually  designated  by  her  customers  as  "  Mother  Windsor." 

440. 

THE  GORDON  KNOT;  OR,  THE  BONNY  DUCHESS 
HUNTING  THE  BEDFORDSHIRE  BULL. 

April  19th,  1797. 

DUKE  OF  BEDFORD.   DUCHESS  OF  GORDON  AND  HSB  DAUQHTEB8. 

On  the  projected  marriage  of  a  daughter  of  the  Duke  of 

*  *•  Ireland  for  ever  1" 


MISCSLLANEOUS   SERIES.  433 

Gordon  to  the  Duke  of  Bedford.  Other  caricatures  appeared 
on  the  supposed  anxiety  of  the  Duchess  to  secure  the  noble 
son-in-law,  some  of  which  were  not  over  delicate.  John, 
sixth  Duke  of  Bedford,  who  was  a  widower,  paid  some 
marked  attention  to  Lady  Georgiana,  but  appears  after- 
wards to  have  repented,  and  went  to  Paris.  The  Duchess, 
however,  immediately  followed,  accompanied  by  her 
daughter,  when  the  Duke  renewed  his  attentions,  and  they 
were  married  six  years  after  the  publication  of  the  present 
caricature,  viz.  in  June,  1803.  The  three  Graces  in  the 
distance  represent  three  other  daughters  of  the  Scottish 
Duke  ;  the  one  with  the  dog  is  Charlotte,  Duchess  of  Rich- 
mond ;  the  middle  one,  Susan,  Duchess  of  Manchester, 
is  pointed  out  by  the  inscription  "  Manchester  velvet  /' 
and  the  third  is  Lady  Louisa ;  the  broom  is  supposed  to 
indicate  that  she  is  exposed  for  sale.  She  was  afterwards 
married  April  17th,  1797,  to  Charles,  second  Marquis 
Comwallis,  and  is  now  the  present  Dowager  Duchess  of 
Comwallis. 

441. 

HOMER  SINGING  HIS  VERSES  TO  THE  GREEKS. 

June  16thj  1797. 

CAPTAIN  MOBBIS.  SHERIDAN.  FOX. 

This  is  understood  to  be  an  excellent  and  characteristic 
portrait  of  the  celebrated  song-writer.  Captain  Morris.  It 
is  enough  to  say  that  the  allusions  are  to  the  licentious 
character  of  many  of  his  effusions. 

Captain  Morris,  of  the  Life  Guards,  was  distinguished 
by  his  social  qualities,  the  vivacity  of  his  conversation, 
the  inexhaustible  fund  of  merriment  and  anecdote  which 
enlivened  it ;  and  above  all,  by  the  facility  with  which  he 
composed  convivial  songs,  and  the  hilarity  with  which  he 
sung  them.  These  qualifications  rendered  him  an  universal 
favourite,  and  introduced  him  to  the  society  and  sumptuous 

28  * 


434  OILLEAY^S   CABICATUBES. 

hospitality  of  the  bon  vivans  of  the  first  circles.  He  was 
always  a  welcome  guest  at  the  table  of  the  Dake  of  Nor- 
folk in  St.  James's  Square,  Arundel  Castle^  and  the  social 
dinners  which  the  Duke  delighted  to  give  at  the  Piazza 
Cofiee  House.  In  short,  he  was  the  great  lion  of  the 
dinner  table ;  he  might  be  considered  the  poet  laureate 
both  of  Bacchus  and  Venus,  for  he  well  knew  how 

« to  entwine 

The  Myrtle  of  Venns  with  Bacchns's  Vine." 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  Morris  did  not  devote  his 
talents  to  a  higher  species  of  lyric  compositions,  as  he  might 
have  attained  considerable  reputation ;  but,  like  Anacreon, 
his  lyre  would  only  chaunt  love  and  wine.  Morris  was 
passionately  fond  of  dining  out,  and  he  suited  his  songs 
to  the  taste  of  his  company,  for 

**  Those  who  live  to  please,  mnst  please  to  liye." 

He  was,  however,  annoyed  one  day,  when  a  person  in  the 
company,  after  Morris  had  concluded  one  of  his  luxuriant 
songs,  expressed  his  surprise  that  he  never  attempted  any 
other  species  of  songs ;  another  observed,  *'  Oh,  Morris 
could  not  write  in  any  other  strain.''  He  replied,  that  at 
the  next  meeting  of  the  party  he  would  refute  the  remark, 
by  singing  in  a  difierent  strain.  He  accordingly  sung 
'^  Sensibility's  Tear,"  from  which  we  extract  some 
stanzas,  more  particularly  as  it  was  unknown  to  all  the 
musical  gentlemen  of  the  present  day  with  whom  we  have 
conversed. 

SENSIBILITY'S  TEAR. 

"  Thoagh  Bacchns  may  boast  of  his  care-killing  bowl, 
And  Folly  in  thonght-drowning  revels  delight, 
Snch  worship,  alas  !  hath  no  charms  for  the  sool 
When  softer  devotions  the  senses  invite. 

To  the  arrow  of  Fate,  or  the  canker  of  Care, 

His  potions  oblivions  a  balm  may  bestow  ; 
But  to  Fancy,  that  feeds  on  the  charm  of  the  Fair, 

The  death  of  Reflection  is  the  birth  of  all  Woe. 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  435 

What  soal  that 's  possessed  of  a  dream  so  diyine, 

With  riot  would  bid  the  sweet  vision  begone  ? 
For  the  tear  thai  bedews  8en9%bility*a  shrine 

Is  a  drop  of  more  worth  than  cM  Baechu8*s  wine. 


Come,  then,  rosy  Venns,  and  spread  o'er  my  sight 

The  magic  illosions  that  ravish  the  soul ;' 
Awake  in  my  breast  the  soft  dream  of  delight, 

And  drop  from  thy  Myrtle  one  leaf  in  my  bowl. 

Then  deep  will  I  drink  of  that  Nectar  divine, 
Nor  e'er  jolly  God  from  thy  banquet  remove ; 

But  each  tube  of  my  heart  ever  thirst  for  the  wine, 
That 's  mellowed  by  Friendship  and  sweeten'd  by  Love." 

Ltba  Ubbanica,  vol.  1,  p.  174-5. 

The  company  applauded  the  song,  and  allowed  he  had 
redeemed  his  pledge. 

Moms  was  a  frequent  attendant  at  the  meeting  of  the 
Whig  Club,  and  the  celebrations  of  Pox^s  election  for 
Westminster ;  on  these  occasions  he  always  sung  new  and 
appropriate  songs,  but  they  were  never  embittered  by 
party  rancour. 

Morris  always  strenuously  advocated  the  principles  of 
the  Revolution  of  1 688.  The  Duke  of  Norfolk  was  so 
deeply  impressed  with  the  soundness  of  his  constitutional 
principles  that  he  paid  him  the  highest  possible  compliment 
by  introducing  his  portrait  in  one  of  the  painted  windows 
of  Arundel  Castle,  as  one  of  the  persons  compelling  King 
John  to  sign  Magna  Charta. 

The  windows  (says  the  Rev.  M.  A.  Tiemey,  in  his  His- 
tory of  Arundel,)  are  thirteen  in  number,  of  which  nine 
are  finished,  and  fitted  with  stained  glass.  The  largest 
occupies  the  north-west  end  of  the  hall,  immediately  op- 
posite to  the  entrance.  It  is  a  splendid  performance  by 
Backler,  from  the  design  of  Lonsdale,  and  describes  the 
Ratification  op  the  Great  Charter  by  King  John,  who, 
with  an  indignant  but  powerless  frown,  seems  to  pause  in 
the  act  of  aflSxing  his  signature  to  the  instrument,  as  if 


436  GILLRAY^S  CARICATURES. 

to  upbraid  the  uncompromising  patriotism  of  the  Barons. 
On  his  right  stand  Cardinal  Pandulf^  the  Pope^s  legato^ 
and  the  Archbishop  of  Dublin ;  on  his  left  are  seen  Car- 
dinal Langton,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  and  Almeric, 
the  Master  of  the  Knights  Templars  ;*  in  the  foreground 
appears  Baron  Fitzwalter,t  and  his  page,  J  and  behind 
him  are  the  Lord  Mayor  of  London,  §  and  the  attendant 
guards.  The  background  aflfords  a  distant  view  of  the 
camp  at  Bunnymede.  For  chasteness  of  drawing,  and 
correctness  of  outline,  for  depth  of  colouring,  and  spark- 
ling brilliancy  of  effect,  this  window  certainly  claims  a 
high  degree  of  merit,  and  can  scarcely  be  thought  inferior 
to  any  similar  production  of  modern  art.''  Vol.  i.  p.  85. 
We  are  sure  that  the  Duke  of  Norfolk  ||  esteemed  Captain 
Morris  worthy  of  the  position  he  occupied,  or  he  would 
have  considered  he  compromised  his  own  dignity  by 
assigning  the  place  to  him.  This  historical  painting  will 
transmit  Morris's  name  to  posterity  in  a  dignified  manner. 
We  are  now  about  to  relate  an  anecdote  which  we  be- 
lieve is  unparaUeled  in  literary  history.  When  "  verging 
on  ninety-three,"  ho  was  invited  by  the  Beef  Steak  Club 
to  attend  their  meeting  once  more  (to  use  his  own  words) 

*  Portrait  of  Captain  'Morris.  We  observe  Dallawaj,  in  his  IlisUny  of 
Sussex,  has  made  a  ludicroos  mistake ;  ho  calls  Almeric  Master  of  the 
Temple,  instead  of  Master  of  the  Knights  Templars. 

f  The  portrait  of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk. 

J  The  late  Henry  Howard,  Esq.,  of  Greystoke. 

§  Alderman  Combe. 

II  We  cannot  take  leave  of  the  Dnke  of  Norfolk  withont  observing  that 
justice  has  nc7er  been  done  to  one  part  of  his  character.  Uo  was  a  munifi- 
cent patron  of  Literature.  To  our  own  knowledge,  he  defrayed  the  entire 
expense  of  printing  Taylor's  translation  of  Plato,  5  vols.  4to. ;  Dallaway*s 
History  of  Sussex,  vol.  1,  and  vol.  2,  part  1,  4to.  ;  and  Duncumb*8  History 
of  Hereford,  vol.  1 ,  and  vol.  2,  part  1 ,  4to.  He  also  allowed  Mr.  Duncumb 
three  hundred  pounds  per  annum  during  the  years  he  was  compiling  and 
writing  his  history.  Exoriwre  aliquis  I  We  hope  the  present  Duke  of 
Norfolk,  or  one  of  his  sncces^;or8,  will  complete  the  historical  paintings  in 
the  windows  of  the  Baron's  Hall,  an  undertaking  worthy  to  confer  fame 
oven  on  the  name  of  Howard. 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  437 

''  before  he  quitted  this  world/'  He  compKed,  and  after 
dinner,  he  recited  (we  can  scarcely  suppose  he  sung)  a 
song,  composed  by  himself  for  the  occasion,  which  he  re- 
quested the  members  to  receive  as  '^  the  song  of  the  dying 
swan  !*'  One  stanza,  we  are  sure,  will  excite  sympathy  in 
every  breast. 

'<  How  many  bright  spirits  I  'ye  seen  disappear, 
While  Fate's  lacky  lot  held  me  happily  here  I 
How  many  kind  hearts  and  gay  bosoms  gone  by, 
That  have  left  me  to  mingle  my  mirth  with  a  sigh." 

The  buoyancy  of  Morris's  spirits  supported  him  in 
extreme  old  age ;  he  was  never  known  to  be  querulous, 
but  endured  his  infirmities  with  serenity,  he  could  even 
playfully  allude  to  them,  and  only  remark,  that  they  bade 
him  to  cease  all  converse  with  the  Muse. 

"  1 11  take  a  hint  from  my  warning  congh, 
Quit  my  jade  of  a  Mnse, — and  Morris  off."* 

In  the  year  1840,  his  poems  were  collected  and  pub- 
lished under  the  title  of  ^'Lyra  Urbanica,  the  Social 
Effusions  of  Charles  Morris,  late  Captain  in  the  Life 
Guards.'' 

442. 
THE  SALUTE.  •      July  10th,  1797. 

The  persons  intended  to  be  satirized  in  this  print  are 
not  now  known. 

443. 

TITIANUS  REDIVIVUS ;  OR,  THE  SEVEN  WISE 
MEN  CONSULTING  THE  NEW  VENETIAN 
ORACLE.  Nov.  2nd,  1797. 

SIR  J.  REYNOLDS.     MISS  PROVIS.     MACKLIN.     BOYDELL.     WEST. 

On  a  very  remarkable  piece  of  quackery  which  flourished 
*  A  punning  allusion  to  the  Morrice'Dance. 


438  OILLRAY^S   CABICATUBES. 

for  a  moment,  and  deceived  the  Royal  Academicians,  under 
the  title  of  "The  Venetian  Secret/'  In  the  year  1797,  a 
young  female  pretender  to  art,  a  Miss  Provis,  professed  to 
have  discovered  the  long-lost  secret  by  which  Titian  and 
the  other  great  artists  of  the  Venetian  school  produced 
their  gorgeous  colouring,  and,  by  dint  of  puffing  and  other 
tricks,  she  succeeded  in  gaining  the  faith  of  a  large  portion 
of  the  Royal  Academy.  Seven  of  the  academicians  are 
said  more  especially  to  have  been  her  dupes,  Farringdon, 
Opie,  Westall,  Hoppner,  Stothard,  Smirke,  and  Rigaud. 
Until  her  discovery  was  exploded,  this  lady  sold  it  in  great 
secret  for  a  very  high  price.  She  would  now  probably 
have  been  entirely  forgotten,  but  for  the  pencil  of  Gillray, 
who  exposed  her  and  her  dupes  to  ridicule  in  this  carica- 
ture. In  the  upper  part  of  this  bold  picture  the  lady 
artist  is  dashing  off  a  daring  subject  with  extraordinary 
effect  of  light  and  shade,  her  long  ragged  train  ending  in 
the  immense  tail  of  a  peacock.  The  three  naked  Graces 
behind  her,  in  the  original  coloured  copies  of  this  carica- 
ture, are  painted  of  the  gayest  hues.  She  is  leading  the 
crowd  of  academicians  by  the  nose  over  the  gaudy  rainbow 
to  her  study  to  behold  her  specimen  of  Venetian  art.  On 
one  side,  the  buildings  erected  for  the  Royal  Accwiemy  at 
Somerset  House  are  falling  into  ruin,  while  on  the  other 
the  Temple  of  Fame  is  undergoing  repair.  Below,  we  are 
introduced  into  the  interior  of  the  academy,  where  the 
luckless  seven  occupy  the  foremost  seats,  deeply  immersed 
in  studying  the  merits  of  the  new  discovery.  The  ghost 
of  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  rises  up  from  the  floor,  contem- 
plates the  scene  with  astonishment,  and  apostrophises  the 
groups  in  the  words  of  Shakspeare : — 

**  Black  spirits  and  white,  blue  spirits  and  grey. 
Mingle,  mingle,  mingle, — yon  that  mingle  may  V* 

On  the  opposite  side  there  are  three  persons  making  a 
hasty  flight ;  they  are  West,  the  president  of  the  academy, 
who  was  not  a  believer ;  Boydell,  whose  fears  are  excited 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  439 

for  the  fate  of  his  gallery,  if  this  new  invention  should 
succeed  and  destroy  the  value  of  what  had  been  done 
while  it  was  unknown ;  and  Macklin,  who  experiences  an 
equal  alarm  for  his  grand  illustrations  of  the  Bible,  which 
were  put  up  by  Lottery,  the  tickets  five  guineas  each. 
These  fears,  as  far  as  the  ''  Venetian  Secret"  was  con- 
cerned, were  not  of  long  duration. 

444. 
GERMAN  LUXURY;  OR,  REPOS  A  L'ALLEMAND. 

Jan.  22nd,  1800. 
A  satirical  print,  said  to  have  been  intended  to  tell  upon 
the  German  Legion,  at  this  time  brought  into  England. 

445. 
LOYAL   SOULS ;    OR,  A  PEEP  INTO  THE  MESS- 
ROOM  AT  ST.  JAMES'S.  Nov.  Uth,  1797. 

GENERAL   DAVIES.  DUKE   OF  YORK.  COLONEL  JEKYL. 

CAPTAIN   BURCH. 

A  scene  at  the  mess-table,  intended  to  represent,  in 
burlesque,  some  of  the  officers  of  the  difEerent  regiments 
of  the  Guards.  Among  them  wo  may  recognize  the  per- 
sonages mentioned  above. 

446. 
BRIGADE-MAJOR.— Weymouth,  1797. 

Nov.  15th,  1797. 

MAJOS  BEID. 

The  person  intended  to  be  represented  here  is  said  to 
be  Major  Reid ;  though  others  have  taken  it  for  Sir  Henry 
Burrard,  to  whom  the  reader  will  find  some  refei-ence  in 
the  Political  Series. 

447. 
THE  MHilTARY  CARICATURIST.       Dec.  6th,  1799. 

GENERAL  DAVIES. 

The  officer  here  represented  was  a  well-known  military 


440  gilleay's  caricatuees. 

caricaturist,  who  had  the  bad  taste  to  sneer  at  the  pro- 
ductions of  GiUray,  who  took  his  revenge  in  the  print 
before  us. 

448. 

OPERATICAL  REFORM;  OR,  LA  DANSE  A 
L'EVEQUE.  March  Uth,  1798. 

MADEMOISELLE   PABISOT.  M.    BOSIERE. 

The  Bishop  of  Durham  (Shuto  Barrington)  made  a 
vigorous  attempt  to  prevent  the  growing  licentiousness 
of  the  opera  dance.  For  this  he  became  the  subject  of  a 
host  of  caricatures  and  jenx  d^ esprit,  Gillray  has  here 
invented  a  dance,  a  Vevique,  in  which  the  figurantes  were 
to  conceal  their  forms  under  the  modest  covering  of  the 
episcopal  cassock. 

449. 

A  COUNTRY  CONCERT;  OR,  AN  EVENING 
ENTERTAINMENT  IN  SUSSEX.   Sept.  Ist,  1798. 

Mrs.  Billington  lived  with  the  Duke  of  Sussex  during 
the  absence  of  her  husband,  who,  arriving  suddenly  one 
night  at  her  house  at  Hammersmith,  surprised  a  small 
party  consistiug  of  the  Duke  of  Sussex,  Mrs.  Billington, 
Savory  of  Bond  Street,  and  another.  Her  husband, 
therefore,  carried  her  off  to  Italy,  where  it  is  shrewdly 
suspected  she  met  with  an  unfair  death. 

450. 

THIRTY  YEARS  HAVE  I  LIVED  IN  THIS  PARISH 
OF  COVENT  GARDEN,  AND  NOBODY  CAN  SAY 
—MISTRESS  COLE,  WHY  DID  YOU  SO? 

Dec.  I6th,  1797. 

COLONEL  WATSON. 

The  words  Gillray  has  taken  for  his  motto  in  this  plate. 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  441 

are  those  of  Mrs.  Cole  in  Footers  farce  of  the  Minor. 
This  venerable  lady  (whose  real  name  was  Douglas)  kept 
a  house  of  accommodation  for  young  men^  furnished  with 
an  assemblage  of  young  women,  whom  she  trained  to 
prostitution.  She  was  very  scrupulous  in  religious  obser- 
vances; she  went  daily  to  the  Tabernacle,  and  then  to  the 
inn  to  await  the  arrival  of  the  York  waggon,  to  watch  for 
any  handsome  young  women  it  might  bring,  whom  she 
inveigled  by  specious  offers  of  providing  them  with  situa- 
tions in  respectable  families.  Hogarth  has  depicted  a 
woman  of  the  like  character  (Mrs.  Needham)  in  this 
pursuit,  with  the  profligate  Colonel  Chartres  anxiously 
watching  the  success  of  her  manoeuvres,  that  he  may  have 
the  first  choice.  Mrs.  Cole  prided  herseK  on  the  propriety 
of  her  conduct,  ''it  was  a  great  comfort  to  her  that 
nobody  could  say,  Mrs.  Cole,  black  is  the  white  of  your 
eye,^'  and  she  allowed  '^  no  knock-me-down  doings  in  her 
house.^^  Colonel  Watson  was  probably  a  roysterer,  who 
violated  this  regulation  in  his  drunken  moods. 

451. 

NOTORIOUS  CHARACTERS,  No.  1.     Dec.  Ut,  1797. 

Mr.  Bromley,  in  his  Catalogue  of  Engraved  British 
Portraits,  p.  390,  has  erroneously  put  this  Portrait  into 
his  Seventh  Class.  It  ought  to  have  appeared  in  the 
Tenth.     See  the  Contents  of  it,  p.  449. 

'*  Such  cursed  assnrance 
Is  past  all  endurance." — Maid  of  the  Mill. 

SAMUEL  IRELAND. 

In  the  year  1795,  a  rumour  was  circulated  that  a  great 
literary  treasure  had  been  discovered,  which  would  delight 
and  astonish  the  world ;  it  was  stated,  that  it  consisted  of 
The  Autograph  Manuscript  op  Shakspeare's  Kinq  Lear, 
containing  many  beautiful  passages  omitted  by  the  ori- 
ginal actors  in  the  representation,  and  likewise  in  all  the 


442  qillray's  caricatures. 

printed  editions ;  and  also  that  passages  hitherto  obscure 
were  now  rendered  clear  by  the  restoration  of  the  original 
readings.  The  newly-discovered  treasure  also  contained 
various  legal  instruments^  and  documents  of  different 
descriptions,  a  few  drawings  illustrative  of  the  character 
of  Shylock,  one  of  his  common-place  books,  his  ring,  and 
to  crown  all,  a  lock  of  his  hair,  sent  with  a  love-posy 
to  Anne  Hathaway.  A  large  portion  of  the  public  was 
indeed  astounded,  but  more  delighted  at  the  supposed 
recovery  of  these  relics  of  the  great  Dramatic  Poet,  who 
had  seemed  so  indifferent  to  fame,  that  he  never  superin- 
tended the  publication  of  any  one  of  his  plays,  but  when 
he  had  committed  it  to  the  stage,  felt  no  further  solicitude 
about  it,*  beyond  the  sphere  of  the  theatre ;  neither  was 
there  known  to  exist  in  manuscript  any  single  letter  of 
his,  or  copy  of  verses  addressed  to  a  contemporary  poet, 
friend,  or  patron.  Still  it  was  not  impossible  that  the 
affectionate  zeal  of  one  of  his  relatives  might  have  pre- 
served these  remembrances  of  him;  they  might  have  been 
laid  aside  and  forgotten  by  his  descendants.  Where  this 
extraordinary  assemblage  of  Shakspearian  treasures  had 
been  discovered  was  not  revealed ;  the  public  was  only 
allowed  to  know  that  they  were  deposited  in  the  house  of 
Mr.  Samuel  Ireland,t  of  Norfolk  Street,  in  the  Strand,  to 
whose  son,  William  Henry  Ireland,  these  inestimable  docu- 
mcDts  had  been  presented  by  a  gentleman  of  ancient 
family,  on  the  express  condition  and  solemn  promise  that 
his  name  should  not  transpire ;  he  being  a  person  remark- 

*  *'  It  hath  been  no  nnusaal  thing  (says  Warborton)  for  writers,  when 
dissatisfied  with  the  patronage  of  their  own  times,  to  appeal  to  posterity  for 
a  fair  hearing.  Some  ha?e  even  thought  to  apply  to  it  in  the  first  instance, 
and  to  decline  acquaintance  with  the  public  till  envy  and  prejudice  had 
quite  subsided.  But  of  all  the  trusters  to  futurity,  commend  me  to  the 
author  of  the  following  poems  (Shakspeare),  who  not  only  left  it  to  time  to 
do  him  justice,  as  it  would,  but  to  find  him  out  as  it  could," 

f  Preyious  to  this  occurrence,  Mr.  Ireland  had  been  advantageously  known 
by  the  publication  of  his  Picturesque  Tours  of  the  Thames,  Medway,  &c. 


HTSCELLANEOns   SERIES.  443 

ably  sty,  and  of  retired  habits.  A  committee  of  literary 
gentlemen  was  formed  to  examine  these  documents,  con- 
sisting of  George  Chalmers,  Caldecott,  Pye,  the  Poet  Lau- 
reate, Sir  James  Bland  Burgess,  Boaden,  &c.  They  unani- 
mously reported  their  conviction  of  the  authenticity  of  the 
documents.  The  public  was  then  invited  to  inspect  this 
Shakspearian  treasure.  Numerous  persons  of  the  first 
literary  eminence  visited  Mr.  Ireland's  house ;  Dr.  Parr, 
Archdeacon  Nares,  Dr.  Warton,  and  many  others,*  signed 
their  attestations  to  the  genuineness  of  the  documents. 
''  It  is  mortifying,'^  says  GiflTord,  in  a  note  in  his  edition 
of  Ford's  plays,  *'to  reflect  that,  had  the  youth  possessed 
but  a  single  grain  of  prudence,  and  known  when  and  where 
to  stop,  his  forgeries  might,  at  this  moment,  be  visited  by 
anniversary  crowds  of  devoted  pilgrims,  in  some  splendid 
shrine,  set  apart  in  his  father's  house  for  that  pious  pur- 
pose." Emboldened,  however,  by  the  attestations  of  such 
distinguished  literary  characters,  Ireland  now  announced 
that  his  son  had  made  another  most  important  discovery 
in  the  stores  of  the  nameless  gentleman,  an  entirely  un- 
published Play  of  the  immortal  Bard,  called  ''  Vortigern 
and  Rowena."  Ireland  very  fairly  declined  to  exhibit  the 
manuscript,  that  the  interest  of  the  tragedy  might  not  be 
lessened  by  a  knowledge  of  its  construction  and  plot  pre- 
vious to  its  representation. 

Public  curiosity  was  intensely  excited.  The  two  great 
National  Theatres  competed  for  the  honour  of  bringing 
forward  the  play.  Drury  Lane  secured  the  prize  on  the 
most  extravagant  and  unheard-of  terms.  An  agreement 
was  signed  by  Richardson,  on  the  part  of  the  proprietors 
of  Drury  Lane,  and  by  Ireland  on  the  part  of  his  son 
(then  a  minor),  stipulating  that  three  hundred  pounds 

*  When  Fonon  had  examined  the  Shakspeare  MannBcripto,  Ireland  oonr- 
teonsly  invited  him  to  sign  bis  attestation  to  their  aathenticity.  Person  drily 
replied,  **  Mr.  Ireland,  I  thought  my  refusal  to  sign  Articles  of  Faith  had 
been  generally  known." 


444  gillray's  caricatures. 

should  be  paid  down  to  Ireland,  and  half  the  receipts  of 
the  house  for  the  first  sixty  nights  of  the  performance, 
after  deducting  the  expenses  !  !  I  At  length  the  2nd  of 
April,  1 796,  arrived,  big  with  the  fate  of  Vortigem  and 
Irelaud.  We  were  then  in  our  youthful  days,  and  resolved 
to  encounter  the  risk — we  might  say,  the  danger  of  endea- 
vouring to  obtain  a  seat  in  the  pit.  The  rush  on  the 
opening  of  the  doors  was  truly  awful ;  we  were,  however, 
successful  in  obtaining  an  excellent  seat.  The  audience 
seemed  to  be  in  very  good  humour,  pleased  at  having  over- 
come their  difficulties.  We  had  now  leisure  to  peruse  a 
handbill,  which  had  been  extensively  circulated  at  the 
pit  door.  It  was  issued  by  Ireland ;  it  stated  that  ''  A 
malevolent  and  impotent  attack  on  the  Shakspeare  MSS. 
had  appeared  on  the  eve  of  the  representation  of  the  play, 
when  it  was  impossible  to  answer  it/'  It  was  ''  requested 
that  the  play  may  be  heard  with  that  candour  which  has 
ever  distinguished  a  British  audience/'  At  length,  Whit- 
field presented  himself  to  speak  the  Prologue,  and  addres- 
sing the  audience  as  a  Court  of  Criticism,  called  on  it  to 
ratify  the  authenticity  of  the  play  by  its  judgment  and 
approbation.  When,  with  extended  arms,  he  emphatically 
pronounced  the  words 

"Before  tub  Court  immortal  Suakspbars  stands,** 

it  exceeded  all  power  of  face  to  preserve  gravity,  it  was, 
however,  a  good  humoured  laugh,  which  was  irresistible. 
Kemble  had  taken  to  himself  the  part  of  Vortigem; 
Bowena  was  assigned  to  the  beautiful  and  talented  Miss 
Miller. 

The  play  now  commenced,  and  during  the  first  three 
acts  "  dragged  its  slow  length  along/'  In  the  fourth  act 
the  audience  began  to  be  obstreperous,  and  the  actors  could 
scarcely  proceed;  when  Kemble  came  forward,  and  ad- 
dressed the  house  in  the  most  conciliatory  manner :  ''Allow 
mo  to  remind  you  that  the  title  to  authenticity,  which 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  445 

tliis  play  lays  claim  to,  depends  on  your  giving  it  a  fair 
and  full  hearing/'  This  address  produced  the  desired 
effect,  the  play  was  allowed  to  proceed  till  nearly  the  con- 
clusion of  the  fifth  act,  but  when  Kemble,  in  his  character 
of  Vortigern,  said— 

"And  when  this  solemn  hockbrt  is  o*£r/' 

the  house  was  convulsed  with  laughter,  one  peal  suc- 
ceeded another.  Never  did  Irish  Johnson  in  the  character 
of  Dennis  Brulgruddery,  nor  Jack  Bannister  and  Mrs. 
Jordan  as  Jobson  and  Nell ;  never  did  the  wittiest  comedy 
nor  the  broadest  farce  produce  such  long  continued  and 
tumultuous  laughter,  and  such  protracted  hurrahing.  At 
length  the  audience  seemed  fairly  to  have  exhausted  itself, 
then  Kemble  resumed  by  a  repetition  of — 

'*  And  when  this  solemn  mockery  is  o'er." 

The  loud  laughter,  vociferations,  and  noises  of  various 
kinds  were  renewed,  and  seemed  as  if  they  would  never 
end ;  ''  Encore,  encore,  Kemble,''  was  shouted  again  and 
again,  at  last  a  calm  ensued,  and  the  play  proceeded  to  its 
termination.  An  epilogue  written  by  Delia  Cruscan 
Merry,  was  spoken  by  Mrs.  Jordan.  Then  pubUc  expec- 
tation was  on  tip-toe  to  ascertain  whether  the  play  would 
be  given  out  for  repetition ;  but  the  farce  of  My  Grrand- 
mother  very  appropriately  commenced.  During  the  in- 
terval an  animated  conversation  took  place  behind  tho 
scenes,  between  Ireland  and  Sheridan:  Ireland  urging 
that  the  play  should  be  announced  for  repetition  on 
Monday,  Sheridan  declined,  but  agreed  to  have  a  con- 
ference with  him  on  the  subject  the  next  day  (Sunday),  at 
Mr.  Kemble's  house  in  Great  Russell  Street.  The  party 
met  accordingly,  Ireland  used  every  possible  persuasive  to 
induce  Sheridan  to  bring  forward  the  play  on  the  next 
night,  all  the  expenses  of  scenery,  decorations,  &c.  had 
been  incurred,  the  house  was  certain  to  be  full,  and  the 


446  oillray's  cabicatubes. 

representation  would  produce  a  considerable  sum  to  the 
treasury:  Sheridan  replied,  ''that  he  was  satisfied  the 
house  would  be  full,  but  John  Bull,  when  offended,  was  a 
very  awkward  customer  at  a  theatre,  he  tore  up  the 
benches,  broke  the  chandeliers,  and  did  other  mischief  /' 
Ireland  attempted  to  rally.  Sheridan,  however,  termi- 
nated the  conversation,  by  saying,  he  must  confer 
privately  with  Mr.  Kemble  on  the  subject,  and  their 
decision  should  be  communicated  to  him.  Mr.  Kemble 
told  the  writer  of  this  article,  that  as  soon  as  Ireland  was 
gone,  he  said  to  Sheridan  :  "  Well,  Sir,  you  cannot  doubt 
that  the  play  is  a  f orgery.'^  ''  Damn  the  f ellow,''  replied 
Sheridan,  "  I  believe  his  face  is  a  forgery,  he  is  the  most 
specious  man  I  ever  saw.'' 

On  the  next  day,  Monday,  April  6,  appeared  a  critique 
on  the  play  of  Vortigem  and  Rowena,  from  which  we 
shall  extract  the  following  passages.  ''  To  say  that  num- 
bers did  not  come  with  their  opinion  more  than  half 
formed  would  be  false.  A  volume  of  MSS.  affirmed  to  be 
Shakspeare's  had  been  published.  Literary  men  had  been 
invited  to  examine  others.  Documents  almost  innume- 
rable had  been  held  forth  to  induce  a  belief  that  Vortigem 
was  no  forgery.  Was  it  supposed  that  they  should  be 
read  only  to  excite  astonishment  and  impose  upon  our 
faith.  If  it  were  intended  that  the  audience  should  as- 
semble without  opinion  or  predilection,  why  were  these 
proofs  sent  forth,  why  was  not  the  play  suflfered  to  rest 
solely  on  its  own  merits  ?  Is  there  a  man  of  literature  in 
the  kingdom,  who,  when  this  newly  discovered  treasure 
was  announced,  did  not  feel  delighted  at  the  bare  possi- 
bility that  it  might  be  true  ?  Is  there  a  lover  of  Shak- 
speare  on  earth,  who  must  not  feel  indignation  at  any 
attempt  to  injure  the  fame  of  a  poet,  who,  wherever  he  is 
known  is  adored  ?  Is  it  a  crime  to  be  jealous  of  that  fame, 
or  which  is  of  infinitely  greater  consequence,  is  it  criminal 
to  inquire  into  truth,  and  to  publish  our  inquiries  ?     If 


MISCELLANEOUS    SERIES. 


447 


not  we  can  see  no  reason  for  the  publication  of  the  hand- 
bill which  was  distributed  at  the  doors/'  ''Shakspearb  ! 
the  effrontery  of  producing  such  crudities,  such  bombast, 
such  impudent  and  audacious  plagiarisms,  and  challenging 
the  whole  kingdom  to  deny  the  farrago  to  be  Shakspeare's, 
exceeds  credibility  1  The  bottle  conjuror  himself  would 
not  have  calculated  so  grossly.  Need  we  add  the  abor- 
tion was  treated  as  it  deserved  ?  Yet  from  the  spirit  that 
pervaded  the  handbill,  and  various  advertisements  that 
have  appeared^  we  can  foretel  that  the  funeral  dirge  of 
Vortigern  will  be  bitter  and  vociferous.^'  See  ''Morning 
Chronicle/'  April  4,  1796. 

In  the  ''  Times ''  of  the  same  day  appeared  a  very  able 
critique,  our  limits  will  only  permit  us  to  extract  the 
following  pertinent  observations :  ''  Look  through  the 
plot,  and  every  critical  eye  in  examining  the  scene  can 
see  its  archetype,  while  the  plot  itself  bears  a  strong  re- 
semblance to  Macbeth, — there  is  a  Duncan  murdered, — a 
Malcolm  flies^ — a  Seward  comes  to  fight  for  him, — ^let 
England  and  Scotland  change  places,  and  the  likeness  is 
complete,  so  that  it  appears  the  skeleton  of  that  master- 
piece,  which  the  great  God  of  Poetry  has  clothed  with 
nerves  and  muscles,  breathed  into  it  the  setherial  fluid, 
and  warmed  it  with  Promethean  fire.  But  Mr.  Ireland 
in  his  promulgated  handbill,  has  informed  the  public,  it  is 
in  the  press.  Every  reader  will  then  have  an  opportunity 
of  judging  for  himself,  et  qui  vuU  decipi,  dedpiatur." 

Mason  wrote  the  following  epigram  on  the  forger  of 
the  Shakspeare  Manuscripts  : — 

**  Fonr  f  orgera,  born  in  one  prolific  age, 
Much  critical  acumen  did  engage. 
The  fint*  was  soon  by  dongbtj  Donglas  ecaredi 
Though  Johnson  would  haye  screened  him  had  he  dar*d  ; 

*  Laader. 

29 


448  oillray's  caricatures. 

The  next  had  all  the  cnnniug  of  a  Scot,* 
The  third,t  Invention,  Genius, — nay,  what  not  ? 
Frand,  now  exhausted,  only  could  dispense 
To  her  fourth  son,  their  threefold  impudence." 

The  Treasurer  of  Drury  Lane  Theatre  accounted  to 
Ireland  for  one  hundred  and  three  pounds,  due  to  him 
as  his  half  of  the  receipts  of  the  night's  performance, 
after  deducting  expenses,  so  that  four  hundred  and  three 
pounds  was  the  total  amount  of  what  he  derived  from  the 
performance  of  the  play. 

The  reader  may,  perhaps,  wish  to  know  what  authentic 
autographs  of  Shakspeare  are  known  to  exist,  at  the  pre- 
sent time.  They  are  the  signatures  to  his  Will,  now  in 
Doctors'  Commons.  His  autograph  signature  affixed  to  a 
deed  of  bargain  and  sale  of  a  house  purchased  by  him  in 
Blackfriars  from  Henry  Walker,  dated  March  10,  1612, 
with  seals  attached  to  it.  This  document  was  presented 
by  Mr.  FeatherstonhaughJ  to  Garrick,  and  is  now 
in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Troward,  son  of  Mr.  Tro- 
ward,  the  partner  of  Albany  Wallis,  Garrick's  executor. 
Shakspeare^s  autograph  signature  to  the  counterpart  of 
this  deed,  sold  by  Messrs.  Evans  in  1841,  for  £145,  and 
purchased  for  the  Library  of  the  Corporation  of  the  City 
of  London ;  and  Shakspeare's  autograph  on  the  fly-leaf  of 
Florio's  Translation  of  Montaigne's  Essays,  sold  by  Mr, 

♦  Bower. 

t  Chatterton,  to  whom  Payne  Knight  has  paid  this  feeling  trihnte  in  his 
Poem  on  the  Progress  of  Ciyil  Society,  4to.  p.  120.    1796. 
**  See  Chatterton, — but  ah,  fond  Mase,  forbear, 

In  pity  Teil  the  horrors  of  despair  ; 

Nor  let  the  indignant  Toice  of  Fame  relate 

The  HeaTen-bom  Poet's  melancholy  fate. 

Hide  his  untimely  end,  when  poison  gaye 

All  he  could  hope  on  earth, — a  peaceful  graye  I 

In  silent  sorrow  consecrate  his  name. 

Nor  let  his  glory  be,  his  country's  shame." 

X  This  was  found  among  the  title-deeds  of  Mr.  Featherstonhaugh  in  1778. 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  449 

EvanSj  in  1838  for  £100,*  purchased  by  Mr.  Pickering,  and 
resold  by  him  to  the  Trustees  of  the  British  Museum. 

452. 
MONSTROSITIES  OP  1799.  June  25th,  1799. 

A  satire  on  the  absurd  and  inelegant  costumes  in  rogue 
at  the  close  of  the  last  century. 

453. 
PUNCH  CURES  THE  GOUT,  THE  CHOLIC,  AND 

THE  TISICK.  July  ISth,  1799. 

This  and  the  following  are  excellent  specimens  of  the 
artistes  fancy,  which  require  no  particular  explanation. 
The  first  is  an  illustration  of  the  old  catch — 

Pimch  cures  the  gout,  the  cholic,  and  the  tiaic ; 
And  it  is  by  all  agreed  the  yeiy  best  of  physic. 

These  verses  and  the  "  Laus  Podagras  "  (by  Coquillet), 
convince  us  of  the  truth  of  Romeo's  ejaculation — 

**  He  jests  at  scars  that  neyer  felt  a  woand." 

454. 
THE  GOUT.  May  Uth,  1799. 

One  of  the  cleverest  and  most  popular  of  this  artist's 
numerous  productions. 

455. 

A  GENTLEMAN  OP  THE  COURT  OP  LOUIS  XVL 

A  GENTLEMAN  OP  THE  COURT  OP  EGALITlfi 

1799.  August  15th,  1799. 

A  satire  on  Prench  manners,  before  and  after  the  Revo- 

*  Mr.  Eyans  received  this  yolnme  from  the  Rev.  £.  Fattescm ;  he  in- 
herited it  from  his  father,  who  resided  at  Smethwick,  in  Staffordshire,  oon- 
tignons  10  the  coanty  which  gaye  Shakspeare  hirth.  In  the  emphatic  words 
of  Sir  Frederick  Maden :  It  ohallbnoes  and  defibs  suspicion.  See 
his  admirable  Tract  on  the  Autographs  of  Shakspeaie,  p.  7,  8. 

29* 


450  oillray's  caricatures. 

lution ;  at  the  former  period  they  were  as  extravagant  in 
excess  of  refinement,  as  at  the  latter  they  were  in  vul- 
garity. 

456. 

FRENCH  TAILOR  FITTING   JOHN  BULL  WITH 
A  JEAN  DE  BRT.  Nov.  I8th,  1799. 

A  temporary  intercourse  with  France  brought  over 
French  fashions.  The  present  caricature  is  intended  to 
shew  how  ill  they  fitted  John  Bull. 

457. 

WALTZER  AU  MOUCHOIK  Jan.  2Qth,  1800. 

This  was  intended  for  a  quiz  upon  the  then  foreign 
dance^  waltzing,  somewhat  like  the  foregoing  upon  foreign 
dress.  It  may  be  easily  distinguished  as  the  work  of  an 
amateur. 

458. 

OH !  LISTEN  TO  THE  VOICE  OF  LOVE. 

Nov.  Uth,  1799. 

A  graphic  parody  on  the  burthen  of  a  popular  song. 
A  highly-finished  plate,  a  principal  object  of  which 
appears  to  be  the  "  anatomy  of  expression.*' 

459. 

THE  COMFORTS  OF  A  RUMFORD  STOVE. 

June  12th,  1800. 

COUNT   RUMFORD. 

It  is  hardly  necessary  to  state  that  Count  Rumford  was 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  pretenders  to  science  of  his 
time,  though  not  deficient  in  ingenuity^  as  his  stoves  and  his 
yaiious  contrivances  for  the  improvement  and  simplifying 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES. 


451 


of  kitchen  operations  proved.     Peter  Pindar  has  well 
recorded  his  fame — 

*'  Knight  of  the  dish-clout,  wheresoe'er  I  walk, 
I  hear  thee,  Romford,  all  the  kitchen  talk  : 
Note  of  melodious  cadence  on  the  ear, 
Load  echoes  '  Romford'  here,  and  *  Romford*  there. 
Lo,  e?ery  parloor,  drawing-room,  I  see, 
Boasts  of  thy  stoyes,  and  talks  of  nonght  bat  thee.'* 

This  is  a  portrait  of  the  titled  inventor  of  stoves^  and  is 
said  to  have  given  great  amusement  to  the  original. 
Grarnet,  the  person  alluded  to  in  the  inscription  at  the  top, 
was  a  chymist  attacked  by  Count  Bumford  in  his  journal 
for  having  differed  in  opinion  with  him. 


460. 

A   MILITARY   SKETCH    OP  A  GILT   STICK,  OR 
POKER  EMBLAZONED.  June  11th,  1800. 

LOSD   CATHCABT. 

A  portrait  of  one  of  George  the  Third's  favourites. 
General  Cathcart. 

461. 
A  SCOTCH  PONT,  COMMONLY  CALLED  A  GAL- 
LOWAY. June  Uh,  1803. 

LORD   QALLOWAT. 

Understood  to  be  a  portrait  of  Lord  Galloway.  His 
pride  in  the  decoration  which  figures  on  his  breast  seems 
to  have  been  almost  proverbial. 

**  We'll  sing  Lord  Galloway,  a  man  of  note, 
Who  tnm'd  his  tailor,  much  enraged,  away, 

Because  he  stitched  a  star  npon  his  coat 
So  small,  it  scarcely  threw  a  ray  ; 

Whereas  he  wished  a  planet  huge  to  flame, 

To  put  the  moon*s  full  orb  to  shame." 


452  GILLltAY's   CARICATUEES. 

462. 

EQUESTRIAN  ELEGANCE !  OR,  A  NOBLE  SCOT, 
METAMORPHOSED.  May  7th,  1803. 

THE  MARQUIS  OF  DOUGLAS  (tHB  PRESENT  DUKE  OP  HAMILTON). 

One  of  the  first  objects  of  Mr.  Fox,  on  being  appointed 
Secretary  of  State  for  Foreign  Affairs,  in  1 806,  was  to 
effect  a  general  peace ;  to  accomplish  this,  he  was  most 
anxious  to  secure  the  mediation  of  Russia.  He  proposed 
the  important  embassy  to  the  Marquis  of  Douglas  (the 
present  Duke  of  Hamilton),  who  ciccepted  the  appointment, 
and  discharged  its  duties  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the 
Government  and  country.  The  present  print  is  no  doubt 
allusive  to  his  diplomatic  appointment,  as  well  as  to  his 
mode  of  riding  in  very  long  stirrups.  The  Duke  was  dis- 
tinguished as  one  of  the  most  accomplished  horsemen  of 
the  day. 

463. 
GEORGEY  IN  THE  COAL-HOLE.        July  Ut,  1800. 

COLONEL   HANGER. 

This  caricature  is  founded  on  a  story  relating  to  George 
Hanger,  who  on  one  occasion,  when  brought  into  difficulties 
by  his  extravagance,  set  up  as  a  coal  merchant.  He  was 
a  hanger-on  of  the  Prince  of  Wales  in  his  early  days,  and 
published  his  Memoirs,  in  2  vols.  8vo.  which  contain  many 
curious  anecdotes  of  his  contemporaries. 

464. 
A   STANDING   DISH   AT  BOODLFS. 

May  28th,  1800. 

STANDISH. 

Represents  Sir  Frank  Standish,  an  individual  well  known 
at  Boodle^s,  where  he  was  frequently  seen  sitting  thus  at 
the  open  window. 


MISCELLANEOUS   SEBIES.  453 

465. 

GENTLE  MANNERS,  WITH  AFFECTIONS  MILD, 
IN  WIT  A  MAN,  SIMPLICITY  A  CHILD. 

Nov.  Uh,  1798. 

QENEBAL   MANNERS. 
466. 

SYMPTOMS   OF   DEEP  THINKING. 

March  25th,  1800. 

SIB   CHARLES   BUNBURY,   BART. 

Sir  Charles  Bunbury,  Baronet,  of  Barton,  in  Suffolk, 
was  bom  in  May,  1740.  On  tbe  2nd  of  June,  1762,  he 
married  Lady  Sarah  Lennox,  daughter  of  the  Duke  of 
Richmond.  Lady  Sarah  Lennox  was  the  grace  and  orna- 
ment of  the  Court  of  George  III.  at  the  commencement 
of  his  reign,  and  inspired  the  youthful  monarch  with  a 
passion  that  many  persons  thought  might  place  a  crown  on 
her  head.  Never  was  a  couple  more  unfortunately  asso- 
ciated than  Sir  Charles  and  Lady  Sarah  Bunbury.  She 
was  full  of  life  and  spirits,  highly  ckccomplished,  a  distin- 
guished leader  of  fashion,  to  be  met  with  in  every  scene 
of  gaiety.  Sir  Charles  was  absorbed  in  the  pleasures  of 
the  turf  :  he  had  one  of  the  finest  studs  of  race  horses  in 
the  kingdom  :  and  the  training  them  for  the  race  coarse 
was  his  supreme  delight.  He  was  the  constant  companion 
of  sportsmen  and  jockies.  We  fear  he  was  too  often  in  the 
stable  when  he  should  have  been  in  the  drawing-room,  and 
neglected  to  attend  his  wife  to  those  parties  of  pleasure 
which  her  station  in  life  entitled  her  to  visit.  Fatal  con- 
sequences ensued ;  '  the  form  which  pleased  a  king,'  and 
remained  unsullied,  yielded  to  the  artifices  and  tlnremitting 
attentions  of  a  seducer.  In  the  year  1 776,  at  a  masqued 
ball  given  at'Holland  House,  by  her  sister.  Lady  Holland, 
she  eloped  with  the  Hon.  George  Napier.  Sir  Charles 
Bunbury  sued  for  a  divorce,  and  the  marriage  was  dissolved 


454  oillray's  caeicatures. 

by  Act  of  Parliament  in  the  same  year.*  When  Sir  Charles 
was  first  informed  of  the  elopement,  he  could  scarcely  credit 
it ;  when  convinced  of  the  truth  he  became  firantic,  and 
then  sunk  into  a  state  of  despondency.  He  abandoned  all 
his  former  pursuits,  Bellariof  no  louger  interested  him ; 
he  sold  his  stud,  retired  to  the  Continent,  and  travelled 
for  two  years  in  France  and  Italy. 

When  returned  home  he  fell  into  the  company  of  his 
old  associates,  and  became  again  an  amateur  and  patron 
of  the  turf.  He  was  elected  President  of  the  Jockey  Club, 
and  we  believe  retained  the  Presidency  till  his  decease. 
He  was  considered  an  oracle  on  all  sporting  questions. 

Sir  Charles  Bunbury  had  one  peculiarity, — he  nevor 
wore  gloves, — but  might  be  seen  every  day,  walking  from 
his  house  in  Pall  Mall,  to  the  club  houses  in  St.  James's 
Street,  and  down  to  the  House  of  Commons,  with  his  right 
hand  in  his  bosom,  and  his  left  in  his  breeches'  pocket. 
He  was  a  very  honourable  man,  and  it  was  remarked,  that 
thotigh  he  never  wore  gloves,  he  had  always  clean  hands, 
which  could  not  be  said  of  every  frequenter  of  the  turf. 

Sir  Charles  Bunbury  must  have  possessed  some  solid 
good  qualities  and  very  conciliatory  manners,  as  he  repre- 
sented the  county  of  Suflfolk  in  Parliament  for  forty-three 
years ;  a  similar  honour  could  only  be  boasted  of  by  two 
other  Commoners  during  the  long  reign  of  George  III. — 
namely.  Coke  the  Member  for  the  County  of  Norfolk,  and 
Byng  the  Member  for  Middlesex. 

Sir  Charles  Bunbury  died  in  March,  1821. 

*  As  soon  as  the  divorce  passed,  the  Hon.  George  Napier  immediate!/ 
married  Lady  Sarah  ;  by  this  marriage  she  became  the  mother  of  the  gallant 
Sir  Charles  Napier,  the  late  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  Forces  in  India  ; 
and  of  General  Sir  William  Napier,  whom  Sir  Robert  Feel  called  *^  the 
faithful,  impartial,  and  eloquent  Historian  of  the  Peninsular  War." 

t  His  favourite  race  horse. 


MISCELLANEOUS   SEBIES.  455 

467. 
[LARGE  BOOTS.]  May  2bth,  1800. 

MB.    FRANCO. 

A  gentleman  then  well  known  on  the  turf,  of  Jewish 
descent,  which  is  indicated  by  the  pigs.  This  was  a 
private  plate. 

468. 
CORPOREAL  STAMINA.  Ap-il  ISth,  1801. 

LOBD   CHOLMONDELET. 
469. 

A  PRINCE  OF  THE  OLD   SCHOOL. 

March  11th,  1800. 

BOOTHBY   CLOPTON. 

Boothby  Clopton  was  an  eccentric  old  beau,  who  fre- 
quented White's  and  Boodle's,  where  he  was  known  by 
the  sobriquet  of  Prince  Boothby.  He  wasted  a  large 
fortune,  after  which,  in  a  fit  of  mental  aberration,  he  shot 
himself. 

470. 
PEN-ETRATION.  August  6th,  1799. 

JOHN   PENN,   ESQ. 

A  caricature  of  John  Penn,  Esq.  of  Spring  Grardens 
and  Stoke  Park,*  whose  look  bespoke  the  very  opposite 
characteristic  to  that  which  the  word  penetration  desig- 
nates. He  was  the  author  of  Poems  in  2  vols.  8yo.  and 
founder  of  the  Outinian  lectures. 

Mr.  Penn  was  the  last  proprietary  and  hereditary 
Governor  of  the  Province  (now  State)  of  Pennsylvania. 
When  the  American  Revolution  broke  out,  he  sold  his  quit- 
rents  in  that  State  for  an  hundred  and  thirty  thousand 
pounds.     He  died  June  21,  1834. 

*  Stoke  Tark  was  purchased  by  the  Right  Hon.  Henry  Labonchere  in  1849. 


456  gillray's  cakicaturks. 

471. 
HALF  NATURAL.  August  Ut,  1799. 

SKEPPINQTON. 

This  celebrated  fop  of  the  last  age  expired  very  recently, 
viz.  on  the  9th  of  December,  1850,  in  South  Lambeth,  at 
the  advanced  age  of  82.  In  early  life  he  was  notoriously 
extravagant  in  dress,  and  is  several  times  caricatured  by 
Gillray  for  his  foppish  costume,  as  in  the  two  plates  before 
us.  In  person  he  was  about  the  middle  stature,  with  largo 
features,  sallow  complexion,  and  dark  curly  hair.  His 
dress  for  many  years  consisted  of  a  dark  blue  coat,  with 
gilt  buttons,  a  yellow  waistcoat,  white  cord  inexpressibles 
with  large  bunches  of  white  ribbons  at  the  knees,  and 
short  top  boots,  but  of  late  years  he  became  more  mo- 
dernized in  his  dress.  In  his  declining  years,  being 
severely  afflicted  with  rheumatism,  which  bent  him  nearly 
double,  he  saw  but  little  company. 

His  association  with  the  members  of  the  drama  com- 
menced at  a  very  early  age,  and  he  was  on  terms  of 
intimacy  with  John  Kemble,  Cook,  Munden,  Mrs.  Siddons, 
and  many  others  of  high  standing.  He  was  the  author 
of  several  successful  pieces,  one  of  which,  the  Sleeping 
Beauty,  had  a  long  run  at  Drury  Lane.  Such  was  his 
fondness  for  theatres,  that  he  used  often  to  visit  four  on 
the  same  evening ;  and  was  never  known  tx)  be  absent 
at  the  first  representation  of  a  new  piece,  or  the  debut  of 
a  new  performer. 

On  being  applied  to  by  the  publisher  of  the  present 
volume  for  an  explanation  of  some  of  the  scenes  in  which 
ho  figures  prominent,  he  avoided  the  question,  observing, 
that  he  had  hoped  such  fooleries  were  forgotten,  and  was 
sorry  to  see  they  were  about  to  bo  disinterred. 


MISCELIANEOaS   SERIES*  457 

472. 
''SO    SKIFFY    SKIPTON,   WITH    HIS    WONTED 
GRACE/'  Feb.  lat,  1800. 

SKEFFINGTON. 

The  same  beau^  in  full  dress.  The  title  of  the  print  is 
a  quotation  from  a  political  squib  of  the  day. 

Another  once  very  conspicuous  personage,  says  the 
London  correspondent  of  the  "  Liverpool  Albion,''  who 
has  just  been  suffered  to  drop  into  the  grave,  with  a  mere 
Une  announcing  his  exit/is  Sir  Lumley  Skeffington.  He 
was  almost  the  last  of  the  roues  of  Carlton-house,  being 
the  glass  of  fashion  in  which  the  Begent  dressed  himself 
both  before  and  after  Brummel's  time.  Sir  Lumley  was 
the  D'Orsay  of  the  past  age — the  crack  man  about  town, 
and  his  name  was  a  sort  of  public  property  at  Tattersall's, 
Almack's,  the  theatres,  in  fact,  wherever  men  and  women 
congregated.  Many  of  his  dramatic  pieces  had  great 
popularity,  and  his  taste  in  theatricals  and  clothes  (he 
was  a  prime  patron  of  the  garment  called  "  Spencers") 
was  thus  ridiculed  in  the  '^English  Bards  and  Scotch 
Reviewers,"  published  forty  years  ago,  viz. : 

*'  Shall  sapient  managers  new  scenes  produce 
From  Cherrj,  Skeffington,  and  Mother  Grooee  ? 
In  grim  array  third  Lewis'  spectres  rise, 
Still  Skeffington  and  Goose  divide  the  prize. 
And  snre  great  Skeffington  must  claim  oar  praise, 
For  skirtless  coats  and  skeletons  of  plajs 
Renowned  alike ;  whose  genius  ne*er  confines 
Her  flights  to  garnish  Greenwood's  gay  designs  ; 
Nor  sleep  with  '  Sleeping  Beauties/  bat^  anon, 
In  five  facetious  acts  comes  thundering  on." 

The  five-act  affair  to  which  Byron  here  alludes  is  '^Maids 
and  Bachelors,"  the  best  known  thing  of  Skeffington's, 
next  to  the  "Sleeping  Beauty,'*  both  of  which  pieces  still 
keep  the  stage.  Greenwood,  above  referred  to,  was  a 
scene-painter  at  Drury  Lane,  and  as  such,  as  the  noble 
satii'ist  says,  the  author  is  much  indebted  to  him. 


458  oillbay's  caricatures. 

473. 
ALL  BOND  STEEET  TEEMBLED  AS  HE  STRODE. 

May  8th,  1802. 

COLONEL  TOWNSEND. 

This  is  a  portrait  of  Colonel  Townsend,  of  the  Grenadier 
Guards^  who  was  accastomed  to  walk  up  and  down  Bond 
Street  in  a  haughty,  swaggering  manner,  which  acquired 
him  the  sobriquet  of  altitonant. 

474. 
PATTERN   STAFF.  Nov.  3rd,  1797. 

LORD  WEYMOUTH. 

Said  to  be  a  back  view  of  this  Lord. 

475. 
A  DASH  UP  ST.  JAMESES  STREET.  Dec.  6th,  1 797. 

CAPTAIN   CUNNINQHAM. 

An  officer  of  the  Coldstream  Guards,  who  lost  his  lower 
jaw  by  a  wound  received  in  fighting  against  the  enemies 
of  his  country. 

476. 

May  19th,  1800. 

CAPT.    TOWNSEND. 

This  is  a  portrait  of  Captain  Samuel  Lrwyn  Townsend, 
of  the  first  regiment  of  Grenadier  Guards,  who  was  one 
of  the  regular  promenaders  in  St.  Jameses  Street.  He 
died  Oct.  21,  1849,  at  Walcot  Place,  Lambeth,  in  the 
75th  year  of  his  age. 

477. 
NAUTICUS.  Oct.  nth,  1791. 

BUKfl   OF  CLARENCE. 

A  caricature  portrait  of  the  late  king,  when  he  was 
young. 


MISCELLANEOUS   SEBIR8.  459 

478. 

AN  ILLUSTRIOUS  CHARACTER.       Nov.  let,  1802. 

DUKE   0?  CLASENCE. 

Another  picture  of  the  same  illustrioas  personage. 

479. 
THE  ROYAL  LOUNGER.  June  26th,  1804. 

DUKE  OF  CLARENCE. 

The  same  personage  in  another  point  of  view. 

480. 

March  lOth,  1802. 

THE  PBINCE  OF  WALES. 
481. 

TAKING  PHYSIC.  .  Feb.  6th,  1800. 

This  and  the  three  following  subjects  were  merely 
etched  bj  GiUray  from  the  designs  of  an  amateur.  They 
are  not  deficient  in  character. 

482. 
GENTLE  EMETIC.  Jan.  28th,  1804. 

483. 
BREATHING  A  VEIN.  Jan.  28th,  1804. 

484. 
CHARMING  WELL  AGAIN.  Jan.  28th,  1804. 

485. 
MRS.  GIBBS,  THE  NOTORIOUS  STREET-WALKEB 
AND  EXTORTER.  September  23rd,  1799. 

The  character  of  the  person  here  represented  may  be 


460  gtllray's  caricatures. 

gathered  from  the  inscriptions  on  the  plate.     She  finally 
turned  religious^  and  died  in  a  madhouse. 

486. 

COMFORT  TO  THE  CORNS.  Feb.  6th,  1800. 

An  excellent  example  of  Gillray's  best  attempts  at  the 
burlesque. 

487. 

BEGONE    DULL    CARE,    I    PRITHEE     BEGONE 
FROM  ME  !  June  \6th,  1801. 

The  burthen  of  a  well-known  song,  and  an  admirable 
specimen  of  Gillray's  powers  of  personification.  It  would 
not  be  easy  to  imagine  a  better  representative  of  one  of 
the  greatest  persecutors  of  human  happiness. 

488. 

HOUNDS   FINDING.  April  'Sth,  1800. 

This  series  of  four  sporting  subjects  was  etched  by 
Gillray  from  the  designs  of  an  amateur,  whose  name  is 
indicated  hieroglyphically  at  the  comer.  They  are  said 
to  have  been  &vourites  with  King  George,  who  was  a 
great  lover  of  the  chase. 

489. 
HOUNDS  IN  FULL   CRY.  April  8th,  1800. 

490. 
HOUNDS  THROWING  OFF.  April  8th,  1800. 

491. 
COMING  IN  AT  THE  DEATH.  April  8th,  1800. 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  461 

492. 

Plate  1. 

COCKNEY  SPORTSMEN  MARKING  GAME. 

Nov.  12th,  1800. 

This  and  the  three  following  prints  form  another  series 
of  sporting  subjects^  a  burlesque  companion  to  the  preced- 
ing. They  are  the  work  of  another  amateur^  who  has 
only  favoured  us  with  his  initials.  They  explain  them- 
selves. Hornsey  Wood  was  a  celebrated  haunt  of  the 
sportsmen  of  the  city. 

493. 
Plate  2. 
COCKNEY  SPORTSMEN  SHOOTING   FLYING. 

Nov.  12th,  1800. 

494. 
Plate  3. 
COCKNEY  SPORTSMEN  RECHARGING. 

N(yv.  12th,  1800. 

495. 
Plate  4. 
COCKNEY  SPORTSMEN  FINDING  A  HARE. 

Nov.  12th,  1800. 

496. 

VENUS  AITIRED  BY  THE  GRACES. 

Dec.  8th,  1800. 

A  satire  on  some  vulgar  fashionable  of  the  commence* 
ment  of  the  present  century. 


402  GILLRAY's   CAK1CATURE8. 

497. 
DIDO  IN  DESPAIR.  Feb.  6th,  1801  • 

LADY  HAMILTON. 

A  rather  exaggerated  picture^  as  far  as  rotandity  goes^ 
of  the  mistress  of  the  celebrated  Nelson.  The  attributes 
of  the  picture  allude  to  circumstances  of  the  life  and  cha- 
racter of  the  lady^  and  to  the  antiqaarian  pursuits  of  her 
husband.  She  is  said  to  have  sat  to  the  artist  for  the 
positions  given  in  the  volume  known  as  Lady  Hamilton's 
Attitudes* 

498. 
A  COGNOSCENTI  CONTEJrPLATING  THE  BEAU- 
TIES  OF  THE  ANTIQUE.  Feb.  10th,  1801. 

SIR  WILLIAM  HAMILTON. 

A  portrait  of  the  celebrated  antiquary  and  diplomatist, 
whose  lady  figures  in  the  preceding  print.  It  is  not  diffi- 
cult to  guess  the  allusions  in  many  of  the  articles  he  is 
contemplating.  Lady  Hamilton  as  Cleopatra^^  and  Nelson 
as  Mark  Antony,  with  himself  in  the  character  of  Claudius 
—he  was  a  great  lover  of  the  table — are  the  pictures 
which  adorn  the  walls. 

499. 
A  PAIR  OP  POLISHED  GENTLEMEN. 

March  10th,  1801. 

SKEFHNGTON.  HON.  MONTAGUE   MATTHEWS. 

Another  picture  of  Skeffington^  in  company  with  a  fop 
not  much  inferior  to  himself.  It  is  insinuated  that  the 
principal  polish  of  these  two  gentlemen  was  on  their  boots. 

500. 
AES  MUSIC  A.  Feb.  16th,  1800. 

Another  amateur  design^  from  the  same  artist  as  the 

*  She  is  represented  in  the  character  of  Cleopatra  in  Boydell's  Plates  to 
Shakespeare. 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  463 

sporting  series  described  before,  as  we  learn  from  the 
Hieroglyphic  in  the  comer. 

501. 
A  WELCH  TANDEM.  June  2l8t,  1801. 

SIR  WATKIN  WILLIAMS   WTNN,    AND   BROTHERS. 

These  three  Wynns  were  celebrated  characters  in  high 
life  in  their  day.  The  three  goats  refer  to  their  Welsh 
parentage. 

502. 

WHAT  CAN  LITTLE  T O DO  ? 

May  let,  1801. 

What  can  little  T 0 do  ? 

Why  drive  a  phaeton  and  two  1 1 

Can  little  T O do  no  more  ? 

Tes,  drive  a  phaeton  and  fonr  till 

TOMMT  ONSLOW   (AFTERWARDS  LORD   CRANLET). 

A  good  likeness  of  one  of  the  most  celebrated  whips  of 
his  day.  The  riders  behind  him  are  said  to  be  Lord 
Kirkcudbright  and  another  noted  buck,  then  well  known 
in  fashionable  circles. 

503. 
PAT  CATTLE.  Jan.  16th,  1802. 

DUKE  OF  BEDFORD. 

An  allusion  to  the  obesity  of  this  noble  Duke,  as  well 
as  to  his  agricultural  tastes — ^he  being  a  great  breeder  of 
cattle. 

504. 
ELEGANCE  DEMOCRATIQUB.  A  SKETCH  POUND 

NEAE  HIGH  WYCOMBE.  July  8th,  1799. 

A  portrait  of  the  Earl  of  Wycombe,  son  of  the  first 
Marquis  of  Lansdowne.     He  opposed  the  French  war, 

30 


464  oillbat's  caricatures. 

and  was  a  supporter  of  all  liberal  measures.     He  snc- 

ceeded  his  father  as  Marquis  of  Lansdowne  in ;  and, 

dying  without  issue,  was  succeeded  by  his  half-brother, 
Lord  Henry  Petty,  the  present  Marquis  of  Lansdowne. 

505. 
ANACREONTICS  IN  FULL  SONG.      Bee.  lat,  1801. 

A  meeting  of  the  Anacreontic  Society,  or  of  the  New 
Beefsteak  Club,  of  both  which  Captain  Morris  and  the 
Prince  of  Wales  appear  to  have  been  members.  One  of 
the  grossest  collection  of  songs,  containing  among  others 
many  written  by  Captain  Morris,  is  known  as  the  Ana- 
creontic  collection.  Prefixed  to  this  volume,  which  is  in 
three  parts  and  without  date,  is  a  short  account  ef  the 
Old  and  New  Beefsteak  Clubs,  the  Anacreontic  Society, 
and  the  Humbug  Club.     We  quote  one  passage. 

"His  Royal  Highness  the  Prince  of  Wales  and  the 
Duke  of  Orleans,  are  members  of  this  club :  the  other 
contributory  members  are  chiefly  bon-vivant  noblemen, 
military  officers  of  rank,  gentlemen  of  the  learned  pro- 
fessions, rich  and  respectable  citizens,  and  other  men  of 
distinction  in  life.'' 

506. 
METALLIC  TRACTORS. 

DB.    PERONS. 

A  Dr.  Perkins  was  the  author  of  this  invention  to  core 
all  diseases,  which  had  extraordinary  run,  long  enough 
for  the  inventor  to  pocket  a  considerable  sum  of  money. 
Popular  credulity  seems  to  be  the  same  in  all  ages. 

507. 
A  LYONESS.  July  13<A,  1801. 

MRS.   LTON. 

A  Jewish  lady  of  the  hon  ion,  the  wife  of  a  great  loan 
contractor  named  Lyon,  the  Rothschild  of  his  day. 


MISCSLULNEOUS   SERIES.  465 

508. 
A  BRAVURA  AIR.    MANDANE.      Dec.  22nd,  1801. 

MBS.   BILLINGTON. 

The  most  celebrated  singer  of  her  day,  in  one  of  hor 
favourite  characters.  She  resided  in  Italy  for  a  consider- 
able while  for  the  improvement  of  her  health  and  vocal 
powers.  On  her  return  to  England  there  was  as  much 
excitement  to  hear  her  as  there  has  lately  been  to  hear 
Jenny  Lind.  The  two  great  theatres  competed  to  secure 
her,  but  eventually  entered  into  a  compromise  by  which 
she  was  engaged  to  perform  alternately  at  each  theatre, 
from  Oct.  1801  to  April  1802,  and  the  proprietors  re- 
spectively bound  themselves  to  secure  her  £2000  each, 
including  her  benefit,  a  price  unheard  of  in  those  days. 
She  was  at  that  time  the  only  English  vocalist  who  could 
act  as  well  as  sing.  Mandane,  in  the  opera  of  Artaxerxes, 
was  her  great  character. 

509. 
MENTAL  ENERGY.  April  ISth,  1801. 

LORD  CLARE. 

This  nobleman,  whose*  eccentric  appearance  is  here 
caricatured,  was  celebrated  chiefly  as  an  Irish  statesman, 
and  was  especially  active  at  the  period  of  the  Union. 

510. 
A  PINCH  OP  CEPHALIC.  Jan.  2bth,  1802. 

The  Parliamentary  debates,  even  in  those  stirring  times, 
required  an  antidote  against  the  influence  of  Morpheus. 

511. 
A  BOUQUET  OF  THE  LAST  CENTURY. 

Feb.  Ut,  1802. 

THE   DOWAGER  LADY  DACRE. 

30  * 


466  OILLRAT^S   CARICATURES. 

512. 

LORDLY  ELEVATION.  Jan.  6th,  1802. 

EARL  OF   E3RECUDBRIGHT. 

Lord  Kirkcudbright  who  was  a  very  little  man^  was 
remarkable  for  his  vanity  and  foppery.  He  is  here  at  his 
toilette^  raised  on  the  only  elevation  he  possessed^  that  of 
his  toilette. 

513. 

ADVANTAGES  OP  WEARING  MUSLIN  DRESSES ! 

Feb.  15th,  1802. 

Muslin  dresses  had  become  very  fashionable  at  the 
period  when  this  caricature  was  published^  and  several 
disastrous  results  of  accidental  ignition  gave  to  this  print 
a  peculiar  air  of  truthfulness.  It  may  be  that  those 
interested  in  the  print  trade  encouraged  the  production 
of  what  was  likely  to  remove  prestige  from  its  rival. 

514. 
TALES  OP  WONDER.  Feb.  Ist,  1802. 

A  satire  on  the  rage  for  the  horrible  which  had  been 
extensively  spread  by  the  publication  of  ^'  The  Monk,'' 
''  The  Bravo  of  Venice/'  and  ''Tales  of  Wonder/'  written 
by  M.  G.  Lewis. 

515. 

DIANA  RETURNED  PROM  THE  CHASE. 

March  16th,  1802. 

THE   MARCHIONESS  OF  SALISBURY. 

The  Diana  of  Hatfield.  Lady  Salisbury  was  celebrated 
as  a  huntress^  and  as  one  of  the  leading  dames  in  fashion* 
able  life. 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  467 

516. 

BLOWING-UP  THE  PIC-NICS ;  OR,  HARLEQUIN 
QUIXOTE  ATTACKING  THE  PUPPETS. 

April  2nd,  1802. 

MRS.  BILLINOTON.  OARRICK.  LEWIS.  EEMBLE.  MRS.  SID- 
DONS.  SHERIDAN.  LAD7  BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.  LADT 
SALISBURY.  COLONEL  GRENVILLE.  LORD  CHOLMONDELET. 
LORD   VALLETORT. 

The  Pic-nic  Society  is  understood  to  have  originated 
with  Lady  Albina  Buckinghamshire ;  it  was  formed  in  the 
spring  of  1802^  by  a  number  of  the  fashionable  stars  of  the 
^7>  to  perform  farces  and  burlettas^  which  were  to  be 
relieved  with  feasts  and  ridottos^  and  a  variety  of  other 
entertainments.  The  Society  was  very  exclusive.  Each 
member,  previous  to  the  performances,  drew  from  a  silk 
bag  a  ticket  which  was  to  decide  the  portion  of  entertain- 
ment which  he  was  expected  to  afford.  The  performances 
took  place  in  rooms  in  Tottenham  Street. 

The  regular  theatrical  performers  took  alarm  at  this 
scheme,  which  they  imagined  would  draw  from  the  stage 
much  of  the  higher  patronage  on  which  it  depended  for 
support.  A  charge  of  immorality  was  also  raised  against 
them,  and  they  became  the  butt  of  the  attacks  of  many  of 
the  newspapers,  among  which  the  Post,  Chronicle,  Herald, 
and  Evening  Courier  were  prominent.  The  greater  actors 
are  here  attacking  the  Pic-nics,  led  by  Sheridan,  who  was 
said  to  be  the  great  instigator  of  the  newspaper  attacks. 

517. 
THE  PICNIC  ORCHESTRA.  April  23rrf,  1802. 

LORD  VALLETORT.      LORD  CHOLMONDELET.      LADT  BUCKINGHAM- 
SHIRE.     LADY  SALISBURY. 

Another  satire  on  the  Pic-Nics,  in  which  some  of  the 
leading  musical  members  are  represented  in  full  character. 


468  oillbay's  cabicatubes. 

518. 

GEEMANS  EATING  SOURKROUT.     May  7th,  1803. 

A  satire  on  German  diet.  From  the  inscriptions  on 
the  pot  and  platter^  it  appears  that  the  scene  is  laid  at 
Weyler's  in  Castle  Street,  a  noted  house  at  that  time 
for  German  diet^  and  much  frequented  by  Germans. 

519. 

THE  COW  .  POCK ;  OR,  THE  WONDERFUL 
EFFECTS  OF  THE  NEW  INOCULATION ! 

June  12th,  1802. 

DB.   JENNEB. 

A  graphic  burlesque  on  the  evils  which  it  was  presumed 
might  arise  from  vaccination,  which  was  gaining  ground  in 
defiance  of  the  rooted  prejudice  of  most  of  the  faculty  in 
favour  of  the  small-pox.  Dr.  Jenner  had  discovered  and 
presented  this  boon  to  mankind  about  six  years  before 
the  publication  of  this  plate. 

520. 

SCIENTIFIC  RESEARCHES  I  NEW  DISCOVERIES 
IN  PNEUMATICKS!  OR,  AN  EXPERIMENTAL 
LECTURE  ON  THE  POWERS  OF  AIR. 

May  23rd,  1802. 

MB,  THOLDAL.  MB.  DENYS.  SIB  J.  C.  HIPPBSLKY.  (?)  LADY 
C.   DENYS.      DB.  GARNET.      MB.  (AFTEBWARDS  SIB  H.)  DAVY. 

MB.  d'israeli.     count  BUMFOBD. 

A  burlesque  on  the  Royal  Institution^  which  had  been 
recently  founded.  Most  of  the  figures  are  portraits  of  the 
more  distinguished  members  of  the  Institution.  The  gen- 
tleman experimented  upon  is  Sir  J.  C.  Hippesley;  the 
operator.  Dr.  Garnet.  The  bellows  are  held  by  Sir  Hum- 
phry Davy,  not  then  a  baronet.     To  the  extreme  right  (to 


MISCELLANEOUS    SERIES.  469 

the  loft  of  Davy)  Count  Rumf  ord  is  easily  recognized ;  and 
in  the  circle,  beginning  with  him,  are  Mr.  D'Israoli  (in 
spectacles) ;  Earl  Gower  (afterwards  Marquis  of  Stafford) ; 
Lord  Stanhope;  Earl  Pomfret;  Sir  Henry  Englefield; 
Miss  Lock  (afterwards  Mrs.  Angerstein) ;  Mr.  Sotheby ; 
Mr.  Denys  (in  spectacles)  with  his  little  boy ;  back  front 
view  of  his  wife.  Lady  Charlotte  Denys  (daughter  of  Lord 
Pomf ret) ;  Miss  Denys ;  Mr.  Tholdal  (a  German  in  the 
suite  of  a  foreign  minister) ;  and  others  who  are  either 
not  portraits  or  are  not  now  known. 

521. 

GOVERNOR  WALL'S  GHOST.  July  2l8i,  1802. 

Captain  Wall  was  Governor  of  Goree  in  Africa,  and  was 
subsequently  tried  and  executed  at  Newgate  for  having 
during  his  governorship  caused  a  private  soldier  to  be 
wantonly  flogged  to  death.  His  name  was  very  unpopular 
with  the  London  mob.  The  tall  personage  represented 
here  was  a  great  frequenter  of  the  Cider  Cellar  in  Maiden 
Lane,  and  bore  so  close  a  resemblance  to  the  individual 
just  mentioned,  that  he  was  commonly  known  by  the 
nickname  of  "  Governor  Wall's  Ghost,''  under  which 
character  his  appearance  here  alarms  an  unfortunate 
fish-woman.  Governor  Wall  reported  the  parliamentary 
debates,  and  was  the  first  person  who  gave  the  real  nances 
of  the  speakers. 

522. 

MART  OP  BUTTERMERE.  November  Ibth,  1802. 

A  portrait  of  this  raral  beauty,  whose  fate  excited  so 
much  commiseration.  She  was  the  daughter  of  old  Mr. 
Robinson,  who  kept  a  small  ale-house  on  the  banks  of  the 
Lake  of  Keswick,  in  Cumberland,  and  was  often  called 
the  Beauty  of  Buttermere.  The  disastrous  event  which 
brought  her  into  public  notice,  was  occasioned  by  a  visit 


470  OILLBAY'S  CABICATUSE8. 

of  John  Hatfield^  the  notorious  swindler,  &c.  to  Keswick, 
on  a  fishing  party,  in  August,  1802.  Here  he  took  up  his 
residence  at  the  house  of  Mary's  father,  calling  himself 
the  Hon.  A.  A.  Hope,  Member  for  Dumfries,  and  first 

paid  his  addresses  to  Miss  D ,  a  young  lady  of  fortune, 

who  was  there  at  the  same  time.  Failing  of  success  with 
regard  to  her,  in  consequence  of  the  interference  of  a  gen- 
tleman, one  of  her  friends,  and  fearing  an  exposure  if  he 
persisted,  he  made  all  haste  to  gain  the  hand  of  Mary, 
and  married  her  publicly  by  license,  at  the  parish  church, 
October  2nd,  1802.  He  then  persuaded  some  of  the  cre- 
dulous inhabitants  to  cash  several  of  his  drafts,  and  left 
the  village  on  a  tour,  but  returned  shortly  after,  when  Sir 
F.  Vane  granted  a  warrant  for  his  apprehension,  which 
obliged  him  to  fly  the  place  under  the  pretext  of  fishing 
on  the  lake,  not  however  without  getting  another  of  his 
drafts  cashed.  Mary  was  now  left  at  Buttermere,  and  in 
an  old  trunk,  which  belonged  to  her  vicious  husband, 
discovered  a  number  of  letters  which  disclosed  a  dark 
tissue  of  crimes  and  amongst  others  that  of  bigamy. 

The  report  of  so  great  a  man  as  Colonel  Hope  marrying 
a  poor  young  woman  in  Cumberland  was  speedily  contra- 
dicted in  the  public  papers,  and  soon  aftierwards  an  adver- 
tisement appeared,  declaring  him  an  impostor,  swindler, 
and  felon,  and  offering  a  reward  of  £50  for  his  appre- 
hension, giving  an  accurate  description  of  his  person. 
Within  a  few  days  he  was  apprehended  near  Brecknock, 
brought  to  London  and  lodged  in  Bridewell,  and  under- 
went several  examinations  before  Sir  R,  Ford  at  Bow 
Street,  where  his  long  course  of  villany  was  brought  to 
light.  On  Monday,  August  15th,  he  was  tried  at  Carlisle 
before  Baron  Thompson,  on  the  charges  of  having  used 
the  name  of  the  Hon.  Alex.  Aug.  Hope  for  fraudulent 
purposes,  and  of  having  forged  bills  under  the  same  name, 
was  found  guilty,  and  condemned  to  the  gallows.  Neither 
Mary  nor  another  wife  could  be  prevailed  upon  to  pro- 


MISCELLANEOUS   Sfi£I£S.  471 

secute  him  for  bigamy,  and  upon  this  charge  he  accord- 
ingly escaped.  He  met  his  death  with  great  calmness  and 
resignation,  having  passed  the  time  subsequent  to  his 
conviction  in  reading,  writing,  and  the  offices  of  religion. 
Happily  for  Mary,  the  child  with  which  she  was  preg- 
nant by  Hatfield  was  still-born.  She  bore  an  irreproach- 
able character  as  an  affectionate  daughter,  and  a  modest 
and  well-conducted  woman.  Her  beauty,  it  is  said,  has 
been  very  much  overrated;  but  that  her  gracefulness, 
expression,  and  accomplishments,  were  more  than  equiva- 
lent for  any  deficiency  in  form  or  feature. 

523. 
DILETTANTI  THEATRICALS ;   OR,   A   PEEP  AT 
THE  GREEN  ROOM.  Feh.  18th,  1803. 

VALLETORT.  LADY  CHOLMONDELEY.  LORD  CARLISLE.  LORD 
DERBY.  LADY  SALISBURY.  SPOONER.  LORD  SALISBURY. 
THE  MISSES  ABRAHAM.  LADY  BUCEINQHAMSHIRE.  PRINCE 
OP  WALES.  MRS.  PITZHERBERT.  LADY  JERSEY.  8KEFFING- 
TON.      LORD  KIRKCUDBRIGHT.      QUEENSBERRY.      O.  HANOEB. 

Another  satire  on  the  Pic-nics,  composed  at  the  time 
when  they  were  already  sinking  under  a  load  of  popular 
obloquy.  It  is  a  busy  spirited  scene,  and  the  artist  seems 
to  have  had  in  his  eye  Hogarth's  well  known  picture  of 
'^  Dressing  in  a  Bam.'^  The  list  given  above  will  explain 
the  portraits.  It  is  said  that  in  one  of  these  per- 
formances the  bulky  Lady  Albina  took  the  part  of  Cowslip, 
and  that  the  no  less  huge  Lord  Cholmondeley  actually 
performed  that  of  Cupid. 

524. 
A  GREAT  MAN  ON  THE  TURF ;  OR,  SIR  SOLO- 
MON  IN  ALL  HIS  GLORY.  July  7th,  1803. 

DUKE    OP    BEDFORD. 

This  is  understood  to  represent  the  Duke  of  Bedford. 
Sir  Solomon  was  the  name  of  a  noted  racer. 


472  GILLBAT^S   CAEICATDBES. 

525. 

THE  THREE  MR.  WIGGINS'S.  Jum  l&th,  1803. 

THE  HON.  MONTAGUE  MATTHEWS.  LOSD  LLANDAFF. 

HON.  GEORGE  MATTHEWS. 

Lord  Llandaff  and  his  two  brothers,  a  celebrated  trio  of 
fashionables,  well  known  on  the  lonnge  in  Bond  Street. 

526. 
THE  BULSTRODE  SIREN.  AprU  Uth,  1803. 

DUKE  OF  PORTLAND.  MB8.  BILUNGTON. 

Mrs.  Billington  was  at  this  time  residing  with  the  Duke 
of  Portland  at  his  mansion  at  Bnlstrode. 

527. 
A  HINT  TO  YOUNG  OFFICERS.  July  7th,  1804. 

LORD  MOIRA.  TOM  SHERIDAN. 

The  circnmstance  allnded  to  in  this  plate,  is  as  follows. 
Lord  Moira,  who  was  then  Governor  of  Edinburgh 
Castle,  severely  scolded  his  servant  one  morning  for  not 
calling  him  in  time  for  review.  The  man  excused  himself 
on  the  plea  that  Mr.  Tom  Sheridan,  his  lordship's  aide- 
de-camp,  never  returned  home  till  four  or  five  o'clock  in 
the  morning,  and  that  this  was  the  cause  of  his  over- 
sleeping himself.  Lord  Moira  desired  him  not  to  sit  up 
that  night,  as  he  would  open  the  door  himself.  Accord- 
ingly, when  Sheridan  knocked,  his  lordship  opened  it. 
Sheridan  felt  the  rebuke,  made  many  apologies,  and 
promised  to  be  more  regular  in  future. 

528. 
A  BROAD  HINT  OF  NOT  MEANING  TO  DANCE. 

November  20ih,  1804. 

One  of  those  imaginative  sketches,  which  afford  such 

admirable  pictures  of  contemporary  manners.     This  oud 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  473 

the  three  following  are  from  designs  by  Mr.  Brownlow 
North. 

529. 

COMPANY  SHOCKED  AT  A  LADY  GETTING  UP 
TO  RING  THE  BELL.  November  20th,  1804. 

A  widow  and  her  suitors^  who  seem  to  have  forgot 
their  manners  II  the  intensity  of  their  admiration. 

530. 

AN  OLD  MAID  ON  A  JOURNEY.     Nov.  20th,  1804. 

The  satire  in  this  print  is  said  to  be  both  general  and 
particular^  as  the  artist  is  supposed  to  have  personified  in 
his  old  maids  the  well  known  Miss  Banks^  whose  collec- 
tions have  enriched  the  British  Museum. 

531. 
FORTUNE  HUNTING.  Nov.  20th,  1804. 

Another  of  Brownlow  North's  sketches. 

532. 

THE  THEATRICAL  BUBBLE;  BEING  A  NEW 
SPECIMEN  OP  THE  ASTONISHING  POWERS 
OP  THE  GREAT  POLITICO  PUNCHINELLO, 
IN  THE  ART  OP  DRAMATIC  PUFFING. 

Jan.  7th,  1805. 

LOBD  DEBBT.       LOBD  CARLISLE.       SHERIDAN.       MASTER  BETTT. 
MBS.  JORDAN.      DUKE  OF  CLARENCE.      FOX. 

On  the  young  Roscius  (Master  Betty),  whose  appearance 
on  the  boards  of  Drury  gave  so  great  a  lift  to  Sheridan's 
finances.  The  persons  represented  as  spectators  of  Sheri- 
dan's skill  in  the  bubble  way^  were  the  great  patrons  of 
Betty's  performances. 


474  oillray's  cabicatubss. 

533. 
THE  GUARDIAN  ANGEL.  April  22nd,  1805. 

PBINCESS  CHASLOTTE.  MRS.  FITZHEBBEBT.  STANHOPE. 

GBENVILLE.         GBST.         EBSKINE.         CABLISLE.         BUBDETT. 
FOX.      NOBFOLK.       SHEBIDAN. 

This  parody  on  the  Rev.  Mr.  Peters's  picture  is  said  to 
have  been  intended  as  a  satire  on  a  rumoured  attempt  of 
Mrs.  Fitzherbert  to  convert  the  Princess  Charlotte  to  the 
Catholic  faith.  The  position  given  to  the  members  of  the 
celebrated  '^  All  the  Talents  ''  Administration  alludes  to 
their  efforts  in  favour  of  Catholic  Emancipation. 

534. 

A  COCKNEY  AND  HIS  WIFE  GOING  TO 
WYCOMBE.  June  10th,  1805. 

A  picture   of  Cockney  life  at  the  beginning  of  the 

present  century. 

535. 
POSTING  IN  IRELAND.  April  8th,  1805. 

This  happy  burlesque  on  the  pleasures  of  travelling  in 
Ireland  was  also  from  the  pencil  of  an  amateur^  as  arc  tho 
two  which  follow. 

536. 
CLEARING  A  FIVE-BAR  GATE.    August  20th,  1805. 

537. 
POSTING  IN  SCOTLAND.  May  25th,  1805. 

A  worthy  companion  to  No.  535. 

538. 
HARMONY  BEFORE  MATRIMONY. 

October  2bth,  1805. 
This  and  tho  following  are  two  of  tho  happiest  of  Gill- 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  475 

ray's  fancy  sketches,  and  have  something  Hogarthian  in 
their  cliaracter. 

539. 
MATRIMONIAL  HARMONICS.      October  25ih,  1805. 

540. 
ELEMENTS  OP  SKATEING.      ATTITUDE!  ATTI- 

TUBE  IS  EVERYTHING.         November  24<7i,  1805. 

Four  subjects  in  perfect  accord  with  the  season  at  which 
they  were  published,  and  no  unfavourable  samples  of  the 
artist's  pencil. 

541. 

ELEMENTS  OF  SKATEING.  THE  CONSEQUENCE 
OF  GOING  BEFORE  THE  WIND. 

November  24<A,  1805. 

542. 
ELEMENTS  OF  SKATEING.  A  FUNDAMENTAL 
ERROR  IN  THE  ART  OF  SKATEING. 

November  24<7i,  1805. 

543. 
ELEMENTS  OF  SKATEING.    MAKING  THE  MOST 
OF  A  PASSING  FRIEND  IN  A  CASE  OF  EMER- 
GENCY.  November  24th,  1805. 

544. 
MORNING    PROMENADE    UPON     THE     CLIFF, 

BRIGHTON.  January  24</i,  1806. 

Another  amateur  production ;  a  picture  of  Brighton  life 
in  1806. 

545. 
THE  RAKE'S  PROGRESS  AT  THE  UNIVERSITY. 
—No.  1.  October  22nd,  1806. 

"  Ab  me  I  what  perils  doth  that  youth  enooimter, 
Who  dares  within  the  Fellows'  bog  to  enter." 

This  and  the  four  following  are  a  series  of  illustrations 


476  gilleay's  caricatures. 

of  University  life,  rather  too  broadly  caricatured,  and  not 
among  the  best  of  Gillray's  productions. 

546. 
THE  HAKE'S  PROGRESS  AT  THE  UNIVERSITY. 
—No.  2.  October  22nd,  1806. 

*'  Ah  me !  that  thou  the  Freshman's  Guide  shonld'st  read, 
Yet  venture  on  the  hallowed  grass  to  tread." 

547. 
THE  RAKE'S  PROGRESS  AT  THE  UNIVERSITY. 
—No.  3.  October  22nd,  1806. 

''  The  Master's  wig  the  guilty  wight  appals 
Who  brings  his  dog  within  the  College  walls.** 

548. 
THE  RAKE'S  PROGRESS  AT  THE  UNIVERSITY, 
—No.  4.  October  22nd,  1806. 

**  Expulsion  waits  that  son  of  Alma  Mater 
Who  dares  to  show  his  face  in  boot  or  guter." 

549. 
THE  RAKE'S  PROGRESS  AT  THE  UNIVERSITY. 
No.  5.  October  22nd,  1806. 

**  Convened  for  wearing  gaiters,  sad  offence  I 
Expelled,  nor  e*en  permitted  a  defence." 

550. 
THE  SOUND  OP  THE  HORN !  OR,  THE  DANGER 
OF  RIDING  AN  OLD  HUNTER.       Dec.  Ist,  1807. 
The  design  of  an  Amatear. 

551. 
CONNOISSEURS    EXAMINING   A    COLLECTION 
OF  GEORGE  MORLAND'S.  Nov.  16th,  1807. 

(?)  ANGEBSTEIN.      UITCHEI.L.      CALEB  WHITBTOSDi      0.  BAJCEB. 

UOBTIHEB. 

An  Exhibition  of  "  Morlands."    The  artist  was  driyon 


MISCELLANEOUS   SBBIBS.  477 

by  his  necessities  to  mannfactare  many  daabs,  with  which 
the  market  was  at  this  time  glutted.  This  print  appears 
to  be  a  satire  on  these  paffed  sales.  Among  the  spectators 
may  be  observed  Mr.  G.  Baker,  of  St.  Paul's  Churchyard, 
the  well-known  print  collector,  the  Qnisquilios  of  Dibdin's 
Bibliomania. 

552. 

MOTHER  GOOSE,  OP  OXFORD.        May  12th,  1807. 

A  well  known  Oxford  character  of  the  beginning  of  the 
century. 

553. 

DELICIOUS  WEATHER.  Feb.  10th,  1808. 

This  series  of  pictures  of  the  weather  seems  to  have  been 
the  work  of  an  amateur  artist.  In  his  latter  years  Gillray 
frequently  etched  the  productions  of  other  artists. 

554. 
DREADFUL  HOT  WEATHER.  Feb.  10th,  1808. 

555. 
SAD  SLOPPY  WEATHER.  .   Feb.  10th,  1808. 

556. 
RAW  WEATHER.  Feb.  10th,  1808. 

567. 
FINE  BRACING  WEATHER.  Feb.  10th,  1808. 

558. 
WINDY  WEATHER.  Feb.  10th,  1808. 


\ 


478  qillbat's  cabicatubes. 

559. 

VERY  SLIPPY  WEATHER.  Feb.  10th,  1808. 

A  view  of  the  shop  of  Gillray^s  publisher,  with  the 
crowd  usoallj  assembled  round  the  window. 

560. 

M^CENAS  IN  PURSUIT  OP  THE  FINE  ARTS. 

May  9th,  1808. 

THE  MABQUIS  OF  STAFFOBD  (tHE  FIBST  DUKE  OF  SUTHIBLAND). 

This  noble  patron  of  the  fine  arts,  entering  Christie's 
sale  rooms  on  a  cold  wintry  day. 

561. 
FAST  ASLEEP.  Nov.  Ut,  1806. 

562. 
WIDE  AWAKE.  Nov.  Ut,  1806. 

563. 
A  VIEW  OP  NEWMARKET  HEATH.  June  9th,  1807 . 

DAVIS. 

A  man  well  known  on  the  turf  by  the  epithet  of ''  Goose 
Davis.''  He  is  said  to  have  received  this  name  from  the 
circumstance  that  having  been  transported  in  his  younger 
days  to  the  other  side  of  the  Pacific,  he  was  bartered  by 
one  master  to  another  for  a  goose.  On  his  return  ho 
became  rich,  and  cut  a  figure  on  the  turf. 

564. 
AN  OLD  ENCORE  AT  THE  OPERA. 

April  let,  1803. 

THE   EABL   OF  OALLOWAT. 

A  very  constant  attendant,  even  in  his  old  age,  at  the 
Opera. 


MISCELLANEOUS   SERIES.  479 

565. 

PARMER  GILES  AND  HIS  WIFE  SHEWING  OFF 
THEIR  DAUGHTER  BETTY  TO  THEIR  NEIGH- 
HOURS  ON  HER  RETURN  FROM  SCHOOL. 

•  Jan.  Ut,  1809. 

A  caricature  on  the  pretentions  manners  of  the  English 
farmers,  who  were  now  beginning  to  ape  the  aristocracy, 
and  gave  their  children  an  education  calculated  for  any- 
thing but  the  humble  pursuits  of  their  forefathers. 

566. 

VENUS  A  LA  COQUILLE ;  OR,  THE  SWAN-SEA 
VENUS.  March  28th,  1809. 

This  is  said  to  represent  Mrs.  Jones,  of  Swansea^  a 
celebrated  whip,  frequently  seen  in  Hyde  Park,  driving  a 
curricle.  It  is  a  very  correct  representation  both  of  her 
person  and  costume.  One  of  her  attendants  is  said  to 
have  been  a  particular  favourite. 

567. 

THEATRICAL  MENDICANTS  RELIEVED. 

Jan.  15th,  1809. 

MBS.    SIDDONS.       KSMBLS.       DUKE   OF  NOBTHUICBBRLAKD. 

When  Covent  Garden  had  been  destroyed  by  fire,  John 
Kemble,  who  had  a  great  stake  in  it,  solicited  subscrip- 
tions for  rebuilding  it.  The  Duke  of  Northumberland, 
whose  son  Kemble  had  instructed  in  elocution,  gave  him 
the  munificent  present  of  ten  thousand  pounds.  Kemble, 
as  it  is  well  known,  insisted  on  pronouncing  the  word 
aches  as  though  it  were  written  aitcJies,  which  is  ridiculed 
in  the  inscription  underneath  this  picture. 

81 


480  OIUiR&t's  CARICATTTBE8. 

568. 
LES  INVISIBLES.  1810. 

A  satire  on  fashionable  dress  in  the  year  1810. 

569. 
LA  WALSE.    LE  BON  GENRE.  1810. 

The  walse  was  at  this  time  new  in  England^  and  just 
coming  into  fashion. 

570. 
PROGRESS   OP    THE    TOILET.— THE    STAYS.— 

Plate  1.  Feb.  26th,  1810. 

A  series  of  illustrations  which  form  another  satire  of 
fashionable  manners,  shewing  the  way  in  which  nature 
was  beautified. 

571. 
PROGRESS    OF    THE    TOILET. —  THE    WIG. — 
Plate  2.  Feb.  26th,  1810. 

572. 
PROGRESS    OF    THE    TOILET.  —  DRESS    COM- 
PLBTED.— Plate  3.  Feb.  26th,  1810. 

573. 
GRACE,  FASHION,  AND  MANNERS.— FROM  THE 

LIFE. 

An  amateur  sketch  of  throe  young  ladies,  well  known 
at  the  time,  and  said  to  have  been  three  daughters  of  Lord 
Huntingtower. 

574. 

A  PETTY  PROFESSOR  OP  MODERN  HISTORY, 
BROUGHT  TO  LIGHT.  March  20th,  1810. 

FBOF.  SMTTH. 

A  caricature  on  the  well-known  and  respected  Professor 
of  Modem  History  in  the  Unirersity  of  Cambridge. 


MISCELLANEOUS    SERIES.  481 

575. 

COUNSELLOR  O.  P.  DEFENDER  OP  OUR  THE- 
ATRIC LIBERTIES.  December  bth,  1809. 

CLIFFOBD. 

"Counsellor  CliflTord/'  a  barrister  who  was  a  well  known 
frequenter  of  the  Cider  Cellar,  was  the  leader  of  the  cele- 
brated O.  P.  riots  on  the  re-opening  of  Covent  Garden 
Theatre  at  the  end  of  1809.  He  is  represented  here  as 
the  theatrical  incendiary.  The  paper  on  the  ground 
alludes  to  an  action  connected  with  the  O.  P.  riots^  in 
which  the  Counsellor  obtained  a  verdict  of  five  pounds 
damages. 

576. 
A  SQUALL.  May  IQth,  1810. 

577. 
A  CALM.  May  16th,  1810. 

These  two  scenes  on  the  beach  appear  to  bo  only  etched 
by  Gillray. 

578. 
THE  GRACES  IN  A  HIGH  WIND.  May  26th,  1810. 

LADT  GRACE   TOLLEMACHE.  LADT  JAKE   HALLIDAT.  LAD7 

LOUISA  MANNERS    (AFTERWARDS   COUNTESS  OF  DTSART.) 

The  inconveniences  of  windy  weather  illustrated  in  the 
case  of  three  fashionable  beauties. 

579. 

A    LITTLE    MUSIC;    OR,    THE    DELIGHTS     OF 
HARMONY.  May  20th,  1810. 

A  most  decidedly  musical  party.  It  is  evident  that  the 
snoring  of  the  old  gentleman  chimes  in  with  the  harmony 

31  * 


482  oillray's  casicatubss. 

of  the  whole^  qnite  as  well  as  the  canine  and  feline  dao 
from  the  floor* 

580. 

MATINS  AT  D_WN— NG  COLLEGE,  CAMBRIDGE. 

March  28th,  1810. 

The  Master  of  Downing,  Sir  Bensie  EEarwood,  and  his 
lady,  an  eccentric  pair,  who  are  said  to  have  indulged  in 
morning  amusements  of  a  somewhat  singular  character. 

581. 
BILLY  THE  GAMEKEEPER.  April  23rd,  1810. 

BATES. 

One  of  the  gamekeepers  of  George  UI.,  said  to  be  a 
&Yourite. 

582. 

A  BARBER'S  SHOP  IN  ASSIZE  TIME. 

May  Ibth,  1818. 

This  was  Gillray's  last  work  on  copper,  and  was  not 
published  till  after  his  death.  He  is  said  to  have  worked 
at  it  during  short  lucid  intervals  of  his  mental  derange- 
ment. The  design,  which  is  dated  January  9th,  1811,  is^ 
as  stated,  by  Bunbury,  but  it  contains  many  traces  of 
Gillray's  style,  and  forms  a  worthy  conclusion  to  the  series 
of  his  works. 


INDEX- 


Thefiguru  refer  to  the  number  of  the  Plate. 


Abbott,  Mr.  265, 354 
Abraham,  the  Misses,  523 
Achmutj,  Colonel,  89 
Addington,  Hon.  Mr.  201,  260,  265, 

266,  267,  268,  272,  273,  274,  276, 

290,  293,  298,  300. 
Addington,  Mr.  J.  H.  260 
A(ddingto)n,  Master,  274 
Advantages    of    wearing    Mnslin 

Dresses,  513 
Affability,  120 
Affrighted  Centanr,  and  Lion  Bri- 

tanniqne,  236 
Agricnltnre,  Board  of,  214 
Abithophel  in  the  Dumps,  17 
Airis,  GoTomor,  217 
Alecto  and  her  train  at  the  Gate  of 

Pandemonium,  56 
All  Bond   Street  trembled  as  he 

strode,  473 
Allied  Powers  nnbooting  Egalite, 

246. 
Amherst,  Lord,  367, 368 
Amsterdam  in   a    dam'd   predica- 
ment, 29 
Anacreontics  in  full  song,  505 
Ancient  Music,  23 
Anderson,  .£neas,  on  the  Embassy 

to  China,  88 
Anecdote  Ma^oniqne,  379*** 
Angel  gliding  on  a  Sunbeam  into 

Paradise,  386 
Angerstein,  Mr.  551 
Annual    Register,    extract    from, 

279 
Anticipation,  or   the   approaching 

fate  of  the  French  Conmiercial 

Treaty,  20 
Antisaccharites,  78 
Apotheosis  of  Hoche,  219 
Apotheosis  of  the  Corsican  Phoenix, 

353 
Apples  (The)  and  the  Horse-turds, 

296 
Archduke  Charles,  411 
Archer,   Lady,  65,  374,  383,  423, 
424,  425 


Arden,  Pepper,  20,  23, 44, 132, 135, 

140,  155 
Argyll,  Duke  of,  317 
Armed  Heroes,  276 
Armistead,  Mrs.  395 
Ars  Musica,  500 
Arundel  Castle,  painted  windows  in, 

394,  437 
Ashbridge,  Mr.  23 
Assaut  d'Armes,  375 
Asne,  General,  223 
Atkinson,  Christopher^  10 
Austria,  126 
Austria,  Emperor  of,  29 
Austrian    Bugaboo    funking    the 

French  army,  81 
Autographs  of  Shakspeare,  451 

Baeenal,  Mr.  6 

Baiser  (Le)  k  la  Wirtembourg,  171 

Baker,  Mr.  G.  551 

Ballynahinch,  a  new  song,  182 

Balsamo,  Joseph,  379**^ 

Banco  to  the  Knave,  2 

Bandelnres,  48 

Bank  Notes — Paper  Money,  165 

Bank  of  England,  167 

Banks,  Sir  Joseph,  410 

Banks,  Miss,  530 

Bantry  Bay,  Expedition  to,  159 

Barburities  in  the  West  Indies,  49 

Barber's  Shop  in  Assise  Time,  582 

Barday,  Mr.  318 

Barham,  Mr.  161 

Barr^,  Colonel,  8,  19,  23 

Barrington,  Sir  John,  257 

Barrington,  Shnte,  Bp.  of  Durham, 

448 
Barrymores  (The  Three),  389 
Bat-catching,  273 
Bates,  Joshaa,  23 
Bates,  Gamekeeper  of  George  HI. 

581 
Bear  (The)  and  his  Leader,  317 
**  Bed  of  Roses,'*  316 
Bedford,  Duke  of,   122,  136,  144, 

147,  155,  173,  175,  184,  188,  199, 


4(4 


IXDEX. 


20«.  209.  216,  229.  236.  257,  258. 

262.  291.  299.  310.  311.  313.  337, 

344.  351,  355,  366.  440,  503.  524 
Bemolort  Dnke  of,  356 
BeggiDg  DO  robbery,  158 
JJegone,  diUI  Cue,  I  pritbee  begone 

from  me !  487 
Belle  AMembl^  (La),  374 
Belle  KsiiACToIe  (La;.  419 
BenfieM,  Mr.  P.  401 
I^gal  jTlie;  LeTec,  89 
Btrkly,  Mr.  235 
Bcttj,  Mfliaer,  532 
Ikttj  CftDning  ReriTed.  377 
Bettj    (tbe    riiopwonum    of    BfzB. 

JIuxD|ihrcjR).  413 
Bfrxley,  Lord,  164-See  Vanrittart 
BillingtoD,  Mrs.  508,  516,  526 
Billy  the  Gamekeqier.  5&1 
liirmiDgham  TtfOt-t,  58 
Bifibop  (The)  of  A  Tnn^B  Breeches, 

75 
••  Black  Dick,"  128 
Black  IMck  tnrxied  Tailor,  26 
Blaqaiere,  Mr.  89 
BIchHirigH  of  I'eacc — Curses  of  War, 

112 
Bliud  Man*8  BnfF,  126 
Blood  on  Thunder  fording  the  Red 

Sea,  30 
Blood  of  the  mnrdered  crj'ing  for 

ven^caDce,  97 
Binwing-nii  the  Fic-Nicn,  516 
Blue  and  ISnfF  Charity,  106 
IkMird  of  A^icultore,  214 
Board  of  (Vmtroul.  22 
Borrd)ardian  conferring  upon  State 

AA'tiirs  with  One  in  Oftice,  381 
l^nnrt  Kouge  (Le),  169 
Ikwvillo,  Od.  291,329 
Boflrille,   Mr.   325,  327,  329,  330, 

349,  360.  354,  357 
BottonilcMK  Pitt,  74 
Bouquet  r>f  the  lant  century,  511 
Bow  to  the  Thn)ne,  43 
lk)ydell,  Aldormau.  380,  382 
Ikiydell  the  Piiinter,  443 
Bravura  Air,  508 
Breathini;  a  Tcin.  483 
Bridal  Night  (The),  170 
Brid|)ort,  (Adiiiiml),  208 
Brigade    Major,  Weymouth,   1797, 

446 
••  BriHflot'H  PrinciplcB  of  Justice,"  .'t2:i 
Britannia,  275.  387 
Britannia  b<'twren  Death  and   the 

I)<x*tors.  ;M)1 
Britannia  lietwcrn  Sr}'na  and  Clia- 

r}'bdis.  102 


BriiL^b  Butcher  fcffly  IT g  John  BoH 

with  a  *iibstitati>  for  bneaiL  13i> 
British  Tars  towicg  the  Daci^h  fleet 

into  harboar.  .343 
Britton.  Mr.  375 
Broad-boaomed  Drooa  9tonnhig  a 

hire.  345 
Broad-bnctomed  nemispheres.  .336 
Broad    Hint    of    not    mcacing    to 

Dance.  52S 
Brothers.  Kichard.  the  Prophet.  116 
Bmin  in  his  bnat.  320 
Buckingham.  Marquis  of.  140.  298. 

319.  327.  328.  332.  3:J4.  .135.  .336. 

337.  338.  3.39,  344.  35u.  351.  355. 

356.  357.  366 
Buckingham,  Marchioness  of,  345 
Buckinghamshire.  Lord.  423 
Bnckinghamihire.  Lailr.  65.  72. 4oS. 

416.  42.3.  424.  425.  5'l6.  517.  523 
Bnller,  Judge.  13.  378 
BnUtrode  iThei  Siren.  526 
Bunhury.  Sir  Charles.  466 
Buona]riirte  heariog  of  Nelson's  tic- 

t4>ry,  218 
Buonaparte  learing  Egypt.  254 
Bnona]>arte  Fort}'-eight  hourv  after 

landing.  292 
Bunnai<irte.  248. 250.  262,  269.  274. 

276,  280,  281.  282.  284.  286.  287. 

288,  295.  300.  301.  .305.  308.  314. 

315,  316,  323.  324,  327.  340.  343 
Burch.  Captain.  434.  445 
Burdett.  Sir  Francis.  196.  201.  2<>6, 

209.  210.  218,  229,  257.  258.  261. 

262.  263,  267,  290.  29.3,  299.  311. 

313.  314.  325,  327.  329.  330.  .331. 

333,  :W6.  338.  339,  344,  349,  350. 

351,  :>54,  .355,  357,  533 
Burgess,  Dr.  418 
Burgess  of  Warwick  Lane,  418 
Burke,  Mr.  7,  8,  15,  16,  20.  28,  31. 

32,  35,  36,  39,  41,  45,  52,  53.  70, 

96,  99,   124.  127,   140,    144,   155. 

157,  158:  his  death,  158.  206 
Burranl.  Sir  Henry,  446 
Bur>',  Ladv  Charlotte,  400 
Bute,  J^rrof.  21 
Butler.  Binliop.  5,  .34 
Bvng.  Mr.  143, 187, 327,  .332, 336,  ,350 
Byron,  Lord,  174,  244 

'  Cabinctical  Balance,  308 
Cagliostro,  tJic  Ini])ostor,  379*** 
Calm  (A).  577 
Camden,  Marquis:,  44 
(^unbaccrt's,  250 

Camclfunl.  Lord,  account  of,  154. 
201,  259 


I 


INDEX. 


485 


Campbell,  Lady  Charlotte,  400 
Caneing  in  Conduit  Street,  154 
Canning.  Mr.  155,   160,   174,  258, 

273,  298,  332,  335,  339,  340,  341, 

343,  344,  351,  354,  355,  356 
Style  of  hia  Oratory,  343  ; 

his  character  of  Pitt,  305 
Carlisle,  Earl  of,  6,  155,  290.  291, 

298,  311,  337,  340,  344,  355,  523, 

532,  533 
Caroline,  Princess,  of  Brunswick,  115 
Castlereagh,  Lord,   316,  327,  332, 

336,  339,  340,  341,  343,  351,  354, 

355;  remarks  on,  351 
Catch  the  living  Manners  as  they 

Rise,  399 
Cathcart,  Lord,  177,  460 
Catherine  of  Russia,  256 
Catholic  Emancipation  Bill,  335 
Catholic  Priest  (A),  368 
Cavendish,  Sir  Henry,  6 
Chancellor  of  the  Inquisition  mark- 
ing the  Incorrigible,  99 
Characters  in  High  Life,  404  » 
Charlemont,  Lord,  6 
Charlotte,  Queen,  18,  23,  24,  39,  43, 

67,  61,   66,  78,  79,  80,  86,  86*, 

110,  115,  120,  123,  170 
Charlotte,  Princess,  birth  of,   142, 

533 
Charlotte  Corday,  105 
Charming  well  again,  434 
Charon's  Boat,  339 
Chartres,  Colonel,  450 
Chatterton,  the  Poet,  451 
Chelsea  Pensioner  (A),  379 
Chevy  Chace,  216 
Childe  Harold,  Stanza  of,  349 
China,  Embassy  to,  88 
Cholmondelcy,  Lord,  257,  370,  468, 

516-17,  523 
Church  Militant,  5 
Cintra,  Convention  of,  349,  350 
Citizens  visiting  the  Bastille,  217 
Clare,  Lord,  182,  207,  509 
Clarence,  Duke  of,  80, 121, 170, 176, 

299,  314,  332,  344,  477,  478,  479, 

532 
Clarke,  Mrs.  Mary  Ann,  352,  354 
Clavering,  General  352 
Clearing  a  Five-bar  Gate,  536 
Clifford,  Counsellor,  330,  331,  350, 

357,  675 
Clopton,  Boothby,  469 
Coalition  Ministry,  17 
Cobbctt,  Mr.  325. 327,  329,  330,336, 
338,  349,  354,  355,  357,  358,  365 
Cobbett,  William,  Life  of,  358—365 


Cochon  (Le)  et  aes  denx  Petites  St. 

Cecilias,  392 
Cochrane,  Lord,  333 
Cockney  Sportsmen,  492—495 
Cockney  (A)  and  his  Wife  goiog  to 

Wycombe,  534 
Cognoscenti  (A)  contemplating  the 

Beauties  of  the  Antique,  498 
Cole,  Mrs.  450 
Coleridge,  Mr.  174 
Combe,  Mr.  Harvey,  255,  318 
Comfort  to  the  Corns,  486 
Comforts  of  a  Bed  of  Roses,  316 
Comforts  of  a  Rumford  Stove,  459 
Coming  in  at  the  Death,  491 
Commemoration  at  Oxford,  366 
Committee  (The),  a  new  song,  10 
Company  shocked  at  a  Lady  getting 

up  to  ring  the  bell,  529 
Concannon,  Mrs.  423 
Confederated  Coalition,  290 
Connoisseur  examining  a  Cooper,  84 
Connoisi«eurs  examining  a  Collection 

of  George  Morland,  551 
ConoUy,  Mr.  6 
Consequences  of  a  successful  French 

Invasion,  178 — 181 
Constitution,  250 

Contemplations  upon  a  Coronet,  430 
Convention,  350 
Conway,  General,  8 
Cooper,  Sir  Grey,  2,  381 
Cooper,  Mr.  331 
Coote,  Major-General,  202 
Copenhagen,  bombardment  of,  343 
Copenhagen  House,  134 
Comer  near  the  Baink,  428 
Comwallis,  Lord,  89 
Comwallis,  Archbishop,  5 
Corporeal  Stamina,  468 
Corsican  Carcase-batcher's  Reckon- 
ing-day, 284 
Corsican  Pest  (The),  285 
Cotton.  Sir  Charles,  350 
Counsellor  O.  P.  575 
Count  Roupee,  401 
Country  Concert  (A),  449 
Coup  de  Maitre  (Le),  203 
Courtney,  Mr.  193,  337,  344 
Coventry,  Lady,  416 
O)w-Pock    (The),    or    wonderful 

effects  of  the  new  Inoculation.  519 
Coxc's  Walpole,  Extracts  from,  303 
Cranley,  Lord,  502 
Crowe,  Rev.  W.  366 
Crown  and  Anchor,  dinner  at>  173 
Crown  ( The )  and  Anchor  Libel  burnt 
by  the  Common  Hangman,  139 


486 


INDEX. 


Camberland,  Dnke  of,  352 
CunniDgham,  Capt  476 
Cnpid,  234 
CurtiB,  Admiral,  128 
Curtis,  Sir  W.  291 
Cymon  and  Iphigenia,  422 

Dacre,  the  Dowager  Lady,  511 

Dagger  Scene,  96 

Daily  Advertiser  (The),  152 

Danish  fleet  taken,  343 

Dash  up  St.  James's  Street,  475 

Danphin  (The)  of  France,  64 

Davics,  Gen.  445,  447 

Davis,  •«  Goose,"  663 

Davy,  Sir  Humphry,  520 

Death  of  the  Great  Wolf,  140 

Death  of  the  Corsican  Fox,  280 

Death  of  Admiral  ^Jclson  in  the  mo- 
ment of  Victory,  306 

Decent  Story,  412 

De  Grasse,  French  Admiral,  3 

D'Eon,  Mademoiselle  la  Chevalicrc, 
375 

Delacroix,  M.  156 

Delicious  Dreams,  341 

Delicious  Weather,  563 

Democracy  ;  or  Sketch  of  the  Life 
of  Buonaparte,  252 

Democrat  (A),  or  Reason  and  Philo- 
sophy, 98 

Democratic  Levelling,  146 

Denmark,  Crown  Prince  of,  343 

Dent,  Mr.  145 

Denys,  I^ady  C.  520 

Denys,  Mr.  529 

Derby,  Earl  oC<^,39, 114, 118, 119, 
141,  155,  162,  187,  206,  216,  2:29, 
2^,  ^61,  262,  290,  291,  299,  309, 
811,  313,  314,  320,  337,  344,  429, 
432,  623,  532 

Derby,  Countess  of,  429 

Demicre  Ressource  (La).  384 

Design  for  the  Naval  Pillar,  261 

Despair,  267 

Destruction  of  the  French  Colossus, 
213 

Destruction  of  the  French  Gun- 
boats. 282 

Diable  Boiteauz,  307 

JMana  returned  from  the  Chase,  515 

Dickinson,  Mr.  265,  266 

Dido  Forsaken,  28 

1  )iflo  in  l)pf)i>air.  497 

Dflettanti  Theatricals  523 

D'isrueli,  Mr.  520 

Diplomatique  (Un)  Settling  affairs 
at  St  Stephen's,  436 


Disciples  catching  the  Mantle,  351 

Discipline  k  la  Kenyon,  424 

Dissolution,  or  the  Alch}'mist,  150 

Doctor  Sangrado  curing  John  Bull 
of  Repletion,  274 

•*  DoffDcnt,"  145 

Dog  Tax  (The).  145 

Dreadful  Hot  Weather,  554 

Dudly,  Bate,  371,  383,  400 

Duel  between  Pitt  and  Tiemey,  201 ; 
between  Bnrdett  and  Pauli,  331 

Duet  (A),  396 

Dumonriex,  General,  51 

Dumourier  dining  in  State  at  St. 
James's,  101 

Duncan,  Admiral,  208 

Dundas,  Mr.  20,  22,  23,  28,  36, 
39,  44,  68,  77,  79,  92,  96,  124, 
126,  127,  132,  135,  138,  140.  145, 
149,  157,  158,  159,  160,  168,  172, 
178,  184,  198,  201,  202,  206,  258, 
290— See  MehriUe 

Dundas,  Mr.  defends  Sir  John 
Jervis,  161 

Dundas,  head  of,  155 

Dundas,  Sir  David,  177,  350 

Dunning,  Mr.  2,  7 

Eden,  Hon.  Catharine  Isabella,  164 

Effingham,  Ladv,  368 

Effusions  of  a  Pot  of  Porter,  249 

Egyptian  Sketches,  221 

Eldon,  Jjord  Chancellor,  96, 202, 340, 
344,  351,  356,  365  ;  his  letters  to 
Sir  Wni.  Scott.  335.  366  ;  on  the 
( )xford  Chancellorship,  356,  366 

Election  Troops  bringing  in  their 
accounts,  37 

Election  candidates,  333 

Elegance  Democratique,  504 

Elements  of  Skatcing,  540 — 543 

"  Elijah's  Mantle,"  305,  310 

Eliot,  Mr.  164 

EUenborough,  Lord,  308,312,314, 
322,  323,  328,  332,  335,  336,  337, 
340 

Elliott,  Mr.  333 

End  of  tlie  Irish  Farce  of  Catholic 
Emancipation,  299 

End  of  the  Irinh  Invasion,  159 

Enfant  (L')  Tmuve,  345 

Enter  Cowslip,  403 

Kqiiestrian  Elegance,  462 

Erskine,  Lord,  118,  119,  122,  139, 
155,  15^  160.  162,  168,  172,  191, 
206,  209,  210,  216,  229,  256,  257. 
262,  269,  290,  291,  293.  298.  299, 
30.3,  305,  308,  310,  311,  312,  314, 


INDEX. 


487 


823,  332,  335,  336,  337,  339,  340, 
344,  361,  365,  366,  533 

Esplanade  (The),  177 

Evans,  Mr.  451 

Exaltation  of  Pharaoh's  Daughters, 
425 

Excrescence  (An) — a  Fnngns,  59 

Exhibition  of  a  Democratic  Trans- 
parency, 229 

Exit  Libert^  k  la  Francoise !  248 

Explanation  (The).  201 

Extirpation  of  the  Plagnes  of 
Egypt,  207* 

Fall  of  the  Wolsey  of  the  Woolsack, 
82 

Fall  of  Icams,  334 

Fanner  Giles  and  his  wife  shewing 
off  their  Daughter  Betty,  565 

Farren,  Miss,  429,  430,  432 

Fashionable  Mamma,  415 

Fast  asleep,  661 

Fat  Cattle,  503 

Fatigues  of  the  Campaign  in  Flan- 
ders, 100 

Fighting  for  the  Donghill,  212 

Fine  bracine;  Weather,  557 

Finishing  Touch  (the),  383 

First  Kiss  these  Ten  Years,  271 

Fitzgerald,  Lord  Edward,  207 

Fitzherbert,  Mrs.  28,  32,  33,  47,  48, 

115,  299,  314,  319,  375,  385,  623, 
633 

Fitzpatrick,  Right  Hon.  Col.  6 

Fitzpatrick,  General,  291 

Flanoel  Armour  —  Female  Pa- 
triotism, 104 

Flemish  Characters,  397,  398 

Flood,  Mr.  6 

Flower,  Sir  C.  350 

Folkestone,  Lord,  354,  357 

Following  the  Fashion,  402 

For  improving  the  Breed,  408 

Fortune  Hunting,  531 

Foster,  Captain,  183 

Fox,  Charles,  2,  3, 4, 7,  8, 1 1, 12, 14, 
15,  16,  17,  20,  27,  28,  31,  32,  35, 
36,  39,  52,  53,  66,  57,  58,  65,  74, 
76,  77,  90, 91, 92,  95,  96,  98,  100*, 
101,  102,  106,  111,  113,  114,  116, 

116,  119,  122,  127,  132,  136,  137, 
138,  139,  141,  142,  143,  146,  146, 
147,  148,  162,  155,  157,  159,  160, 
162,  163,  164,  165,  166,  168,  172, 
173,  175,  178,  184,  186,  198,  199, 
200,  203,  206,  208,  209,  210,  215, 
216,  229.  231,  255,  257,  261,  263, 
268,  269,  272,  274,  275,  290,  291, 


293,  298,  299,  300,  303,  305,  308, 
309,  310,  311,  312,  314,  315,  316, 
317,  318,  319,  321,  323,  33.%  336, 
340,  351,  366,  395,  423,  441,  632, 
533 

Fox,  Mr.  his  speech  at  the  Whig 
Club,  198;  at  the  Shakspeare  Ta- 
vern, 255  ;  his  visit  to  France, 
269  ;  his  domestic  habits,  199 

Fox  (Head  of),  327 

Fox  (Monument  of),  326 

Fox,  Mrs.  316,  319 

Fox,  General,  114 

"  Fox's  Martyrs,"  17 

France,  burlesqued,  4,  126 

Frauds,  Sir  Philip,  35,  38,  43,  49 

Franco,  Mr.  467 

French  Consular  Triumvirate,  set- 
tling the  new  Constitution,  250 

French  Commercial  Treaty,  20 

French  Democrats  surprising  the 
Royal  Runaway,  64 

French  Generals  retiring  on  account 
of  their  health,  245 

French  Habits,  185—196 

French  Hailstorm,  109 

French  Invasion,  278 

French  Livasion,  Consequences  of, 
178—181 

French  Liberty — British  Slavery,  94 

French  mounted  Riflemen,  227. 

French  Tailor  fitting  John  Bull  with 
a  Jean  de  Bry,  466 

French  Telegraph  making  signals 
in  the  dark.  111 

French  Volunteers  marching  to  the 
Conquest  of  Great  Britain,  277 

Friend  of  Humanity  and  Knife 
Grinder,  174 

Friend  (The)  of  the  People  and  his 
petty  new  Tax  Gatherer,  paying 
John  Bull  a  visit,  321 

Frying  Sprats,  66 

Funeral  Procession  of  Miss  Regency, 
47 

Funeral  (The)  Procession  of  Broad- 
Bottom,  328 

Galloway,  Lord,  461,  564 
Gambier,  Admiral,  343 
Gardiner  (Admiral),  208 
Garnet,  Dr.  520 
Garrick,  David,  516 
Genera  of  Patriotism,  147 
Genius  of  France  triumphant,  112 
Genias  (The)  of    iiYance    nursing 

his  darling,  287 
Genlis,  MacUime,  207 


488 


INDEX. 


Gentle  Emetic,  482 

Gentle     manners,    with    affections 

mild,  in  wit  a  man,  simplicity  a 

child,  465 
Gentleman  of   the  Conrt  of  Louis 

XVI. ;   Gentleman  of  the  Conrt 

of  Egalit^,  1799,  455 
George  III.  3,  7,  14, 18,  23,  24,  29, 

36,  36,  39,  43,  67,  61,  67,   74,  78, 

79,  80,  82,  84,  86,  110,  116,  120, 

123,  132,  141,  170,  177,  280,  286, 

288,  300.  302,  314,  331,  336,  337, 

346,  350,  351,  355,  368 
George  III.,  Extract  from  autograph 

letter  of,  277,  351 
George  III.  and  Fox,  198 
George,  Chevalier  de  Saint,  376 
Georgey  in  the  Coal-hole,  463 
Greorgcy  a  Cock-horse,  426 
German  Dancing-master,  369 
German  Luxury,  444 
German  Nonchalance,  270 
Germans  eating  Sourkrout,  518 
Giant  Factotum  amusing  himself,  1 60 
Gibbs,   Mrs.  the  notorious    street- 
walker and  extortioner,  485 
Gillray  and  George  III.  84 
Gillray*s  last  work,  682 
Ginetti.  Mr.  89 
Gloria  Mundi,  11 
Glorious  reception  of  theAmb&((sador 

of  Peace,  on  his  entry  into  Parift,  156 
Gloucester,  Duke  of,  34,  170 
Gloucester,  Duchess  of,  34 
Gloucester,  Prince  William  of,  34, 

170,  407 
God  save  the  King,  in  a  bumper,  125 
Good  Shot,  83 
"  Golgotha,  or  the  Place  of  Skulls," 

356 
**  Goose  Davis,**  563 
Gordon  (Duchess  of)  and  Daughters, 

440 
Gordon,  Lord  George,  25 
Gordon  Knot  (The),  440 
Gout  (The),  454 
Governor  WalFs  Ghost,  621 
Grace  before  Meat,  368 
Grace,  Fashion,  and  Manners,  573 
Graces  in  a  high  wind,  678 
Grafton,  Duke  of,   8,  36,  44,  118, 

119,  122,  127,  132,  155,  185,  356 
Grand    Coronation    Procession    of 

Napoleon  the  First,  Emperor  of 

France,  294 
Grattan,  Mr.  6,  299,  357,  438 
Great  Britain,  Con<iue8t of,  277,  278 
Great  Man  (A)  on  the  Turf,  524 


Great  South  Sea  Caterpillar  traos- 
formed  into  a  Bath  Butterfly,  410 

Great  Stream  from  a  petty  Fountain, 
313 

Grenville,  Lord,  44, 82, 83, 129, 132, 
135,  155,  157,  158, 159,  168,  268, 
298,  299,  307,  308,  310,  311,  312, 
313,  314,  317,  318,  319,  322,  323, 
327,  332,  333,  335,  336.  337,  338, 
339,  340,  343,  344,  345,  349,  351, 

355,  356,  366,  533  ;  sketch  of  his 
life,  83,  366 

Grenville,  Lord,  body  of,  in  a  hearse, 
328 

Grenville,  Right  Hon.  Thomas,  345 

Grenville,  Col.  616 

Grey,  Lord,  122,  148,  168, 172,  201, 
290,  291,  293,  298,  ,303,  305,  308, 
310,  311,  313,  314,  340,  351,  355, 

356,  366,  633  ;   sketch  of  his  ca- 
reer, 351 — See  Hotoick 

Grev,  Sir  Charles,  161 
Grey,  Mr.  161 
Grote,  Mr.  164 
Guadalonpe  surrenders,  161 
Guardian  Angel,  533 
Guillotin,  Joseph  Ignace,  175 
Gunning,  General,  376,  377 
Gunning,  Mrs.  376,  377 
Gunning,  Miss,  376,  377 
Gunning,  General,  (Groom  of)  377 
Guy  Vaux,  7 
Guy  Vaux  discovered,  63 

Habits  of  new  French  Legislators, 

185—196 
Hacknev  Meeting  (A),  143 
Half  Natural,  471 
Halhed,  Mr.  defends  Brothers  the 

Prophet,  116 
Hall,  J.  106,  160 
Halliday,  Lady  Jane,  578 
Hamilton,  Duke  of,  216,  462 
Hamilton,    Lieut-Gen.  Sir  Robert, 

381 
Hamilton,  Sir  William,  498 
Hamilton.  Lady,  497,  498 
Handwriting  (The)  uiwn  the  Wall, 

281 
Hanger,  Colonel,  32,  162,  257,  262, 

323,  423,  426,  437,  463,  623 
Hanging — Drowning,  138 
Hanover  seized  by  Prussia,  316 
''  Hansard  *s  Debates,'*  Extract  from, 

316 
Harmony  before  Matrimony.  538 
Harmony,  the  Delights  of,  579 
Har])ic8  deiiling  the  Feast,  233 


INDEX. 


489 


Htrwood,  Sir  Beusie,  580 

IlasliiDg,  Baron  de,  436 

Hastings,  Warren,  30,  31,  35,  36, 
39,  43 

Hatfield,  the  Swindler,  522 

Hawkesbory,  Lord,  260,  261,  262, 
266,  266,  268,  272,  273,  274,  276, 
276,  290,  299,  336,  339,  341,  344 

Her  Royal  Highness  the  Duchess  of 
York,  71 

Hercules  Reposing,  231 

Hero  of  the  Nile,  211 

Heroes  recruiting  at  Kelsey's,  434 

Heroic  Charlotte  la  Corde  upon  her 
trial,  106 

High  Change  in  Old  Bond  Street,  4 1 7 

High  FlylDg  Candidate  (The),  326 

High  German  method  of  destroying 
Vermin  at  Radstadt,  242 

Hint  to  Modem  Sculptors,  as  an  Or- 
nament to  a  fnture  Square,  436 

Hint  to  Young  Officers,  627 

Ilippesley,  Sir  J.  620 

Hobart,  Lord,  260 

Hobart,  Hon.  Mrs.  374,  384— See 
Buckinghamshire 

Holland,  Lord  and  Lady,  269 

Holland,  Lord,  126,  299,  319,  327 

Homer  ringing  his  verses  to  the 
Greeks,  441 

Honi  soit  qui  mal  y  pense,  19 

Hood,  Lord,  37 

Hood,  Sir  Samuel,  326, 327,  329 

Hope,  266 

Hopes  of  the  Party,  67 

Hoppner,  the  Painter,  133 

Home,  Mr. — See  Tooke 

Horrors  of  the  Lrish  Union,  216 

Hounds  finding,  488 

Hounds  in  full  cry,  489 

Hounds  throwing  off,  490 

How  to  Ride  with  elegance  through 
the  streets,  379* 

Howard,  Lady  Elizabeth,  394 

Howe,  Lord,  26,  109, 128,  208,  290 

Howick,  Lord,  319,  323,  328,  333, 
336,  336,  337,  339,  343,  349,  351 
See  Orey 

Humphrey,  Mrs.  413 

Huntingtower,  Daughters  of  Lord, 
673 

Hurd,  George  HI.'s  letter  to.  on  Bo- 
naparte's projected  iuvasion,  277 

Hustings  (The),  161 

lliittner,Mr.  88 

Tcjirns,  fall  of,  3.34 

lllut^trious  Character  (An),  478 


Impeachment  (The),  or  Father  of  the 
Gang  turned  King's  Evidence,  62 

Impeachment  of  Lord  Melville,  303 

Improvement  in  Weights  and  Mea- 
sures, 214 

Independence,  243 

Inexpressible  air  of  Dignity,  237 

Infanterie  Fran^aise  en  Egypt,  223 

Installation  of  Lord  Grenville,  366 

Insurrection  de  Plnstitut  Amphibe, 
222 

Integrity  retiring  from  Office,  268 

Introduction  of  Citizen  Volpone  and 
his  suite  at  Paris,  269 

Introduction  of  the  Pope  to  the  Con- 
vocation at  Oxford,  366 

Invisibles  (Les),  568 

Ireland,  Samuel,  451 

Irish  Fortune  Hunters,  1 

Irish  Gratitude,  6 

Irish  Volunteers,  6 

Jack  a  both  sides,  14 

Jansen,  the  Dancing  Master,  369 

Jeffrey,  Mr.  413 

Jeffries,  Hon.  Miss,  374 

Jeffs,  Miss,  23 

Jekyll,  Mr.  202,  233,  258 

Jekyl,  0)1.  446 

Jenkinson,  Mr.  44,  165 — See  Liver' 

poolj  Lord 
Jeuner,  Dr.  519 
Jersey.  Lady,  523 

Jervis,  Sir  John,161 — See  Si.Vineent 
Johnes,  Rev.  Samuel,  24 
John  Bull,  126,  130,  149,  157,  158, 

166,  212,  264,  283,  307 
John  Bull  baited  by  the  Dogs  of 

Excise,  44 
John  Bull  bothered,  93 
John  Bull  ground  down,  124 
John  Bull  and  his  dog  Faithful,  148 
John  Bull  evading  the  Hat  Tax,  169 
John  Bull  and  the  Alarmist,  283 
John  Bull  and  the  Sinking  Fund,  332 
John  Bull  offering  httle  Boney  fair 

Play,  227 
John  Bull  taking  a  Luncheon,  208 
John  Bull's  Pn>gres8,  103 
Johnston,  General,  394 
Johnston,  Lady  Cecilia,  374,  390, 

392,  394 
Jones,  Gale,  134 
Jones,  Tyrwhitt,  243,  257,  268,  267, 

291 
Jones.  Mrs.  of  Swansea,  666 
Jordan.  Mrs.  80.  121,  176,  314,  532 
Josephine,  the  Empress,  281,  324 


490 


INDEX. 


Jabflee  (The),  8 

Judge  Thamb,  13 

Keen-d^hted  Politician  wanning  bis 
Imagination,  129 

Kemble,  Mr.  451,  616,  567 

Kenyon,  Lord,  127,  424 

Keppel,  Admiral,  2,  3,  7 

Kick  at  the  Broad  Bottoms,  335 

Kien  Long,  the  Emperor,  88 

King  (the)  of  Brobdingnag  and  Gul- 
liver, 286,  288 

Kinnaird,  Lord,  303 

Kirkcudbright,  Lord,  257,  502,  512, 
523 

Knave  (the)  wins  all,  65 

Knight,  Bir.  Payne,  451 

Lady  Godiva,  416 

Lady  putting  on  her  cap,  409 

Lafayette,  Gen.  269 

Landing  of  Sir  John  Bull  and  hia 
Family  at  Boulogne-sur-Mer,  46 

Lansdowne,  Marquis  of,  19,  21,  23, 
36,  39,  77,  116,  118,  119,  122, 
127,  132,  140,  141,  155,  186,  199, 
202,209,  257,291 

[Large  Bootel,  467 

Lauderdale,  Lord,  114,  118,  119, 
132,  147,  155,  162,  187,  199,  290, 
314,  322,  323,  328,  332,  335,  336, 
337,  339,  340,  344,  349,  351,  354 

Lavater's  Physiognomy  of  Fox,  199 

Lawrence,  Dr.  159,  290 

Law  Chick  (The),  253 

Leaving  off  Powder,  117 

Le  Bmn,  250 

Le  Marchant,  Sir  Denis,  375 

Leinster,  Duke  of,  207 

Lewis,  Mr.  516 

Lieutenant-Governor  Gallstone  in- 
spired by  Alecto,  50 

Life  of  William  Cobbett,  written  by 
himself,  358 — 365 

Light  expelling  darkness,  119 

Lilliputian  Substitutes  equipping  for 
Public  Service,  260 

Lincoln,  Bishop  of,  339 

Lion's  Share  (The),  161 

Little  Music  (A,)  579 

Liverpool,  Lord,  314,  332,  340,  343, 
351,  355 

Llandaff,  Lord,  379,  525 

Lonsdale,  Lord,  69 

London  Corresponding  Society 
alarmed,  197 

London,  Bishop  of,  366 

liOnjr,  Sir  C  140 

Lord  of  the  Vincvard,  1 2 

Lord  Longbow,  the  alarmist,  dis-  I 


covering  the  miseries  of  Lreland' 

182 
Loss  of  the  Faro  Bank,  423 
Lothian,  Marquis  of,  47 
Loughborough,  Lord,  23,  47,   92, 

127,  132,  135,  140,  258 
Louis  XVI.  of  France,  29,  64,  79 
Lover's  Dream,  115 
Loyal  Address,  349 
Loyal  Souls,  445 
Loyal  Toast  (The),  173 
Lyon,  Mrs.  507 
Lyoness  (A),  507 

Macartney,  Lord,  88 

Macdonald,  Solicitor-Cieneral,  20, 23 

Mack,  General,  304 

Macklin,  Mr.  443 

Mackintosh,  Sir  J.,  his  character  of 
Pitt,  305  ;  of  Canning,  343 

Maden,  Sir  Fred.  451 

Maecenas  in  pursuit  of  the  Fine  Arts, 
560 

Magnanimous  Ally  (The),  256 

Magnanimous  Minister  (The),  chas- 
tising Russian  perfidy,  315 

Mahon,  Colonel,  195,  289 

Main  waring,  Mr.  143 

Making  Decent,  310 

"  Malagrida,"  Lord,  202 

Malagrida  driving  Post,  77 

Malcolm,  Rev.  J.  P.  on  Dress,  385 

Malmesbury,  Lord,  156  ;  Extracts 
from  his  Diary,  351 ;  his  Embassy 
to  Paris,  156 

Mamaluck  et  Hnssard  Republican, 
226 

Mamaluke  Chief,  supposed  repre- 
sentation of,  228 

Man  of  Lnportance,  239 

Maniac  Ravings,  279 

Manners,  General,  465 

Manners,  Lady  Gertrude,  404 

Manners,  Lady  Louisa,  578 

Mansfield,  Lord,  308 

Mara,  Madame,  23 

March  to  the  Bank,  25 

Margaret's  Ghost,  376 

Marie  Antoinette,  64 

Market  Day,  36 

Markham,  Archbishop,  5 

Marlborough,  Duke  of,  237,  377 

Marriage  of  Capid  and  Psyche,  432 

Mars,  232 

Martin,  Mr.  267 

Martinique  captured,  161 

Mary  of  Buttermere,  522 

Maseres,  Baron,  329 

Mason,  the  Poet,  451 


INDSX. 


491 


Matins  at  D — ^wn— ng  College,  Cam- 
bridge, 680 
Matrimonial  Harmonics,  539 
Matthews,  Admiral,  379* 
Matthews,  CoL  S.  67 
Matthews,  Hon.  George,  525 
Matthews,  Hon.  Mont^;ae,  499,  626 
Mawbej,  Sir  J.  23,  38 
Meeting  of  the  Monied  Interest,  216 
Meeting  of  Unfbrtanate  Citoyens, 

197 
Mellish,  Mr.  327 
Melville,  Lord,  account  of,  303,  320 

— See  Dwndas 
Mental  Energy,  509 
Metallic  Tractors,  506 
Midas  transmuting  all  into  Paper, 

168 
Middlesex  Election,  1804,  291 
Military  Caricatorist,  447 
MUitary  Sketch  of  a  GUt  Stick,  460 
Miller,  Mr.  89 

Mini6e,  Mrs.  Margaret,  376,  377 
Mitchell,  Mr.  651 
Mitford,  Sir  John,  269 
Modem  Belle  going  to  the  Booms  at 

Bath,  414 
Modem  Elegance,  400 
Modem  Grace,  431 
Moira,  Lord,  47,  182,  184,  195,  216, 
229,  239,  257,  294,  299,  302,  .308, 
309,  310,  311,  314,  319,  323,  328, 
332,  335,  336,  337,  338,  339,  340, 
344,  351,  356,  627 
Monkey  race  in  Danger,  241 
Monsey,  Dr.  Messenger,  379 
Moore,  Peter,  329 
Monstrosities  of  1799,  452 
Monstrous  Craws  at  a  New  Coalition 

Feast,  24 
Montagu,  Rt  Hon.  Fred.  39 
Monuments    lately    discovered   on 

SaUsbury  Plain,  373 
More  Pigs  than  Teats,  311 
'*  Morland's,"  Exhibition  of,  551 
Morning  aitier  Marriage,  33 
Morning  Promenade  upon  the  Cliff, 

Brighton,  644 
Mormng  Ride,  289 
Morris,  Captain,  441,  505 
Mother  Goose  of  Oxford,  552 
Monnt-Edgcnmbe,  Lady,  374,  388, 

424 
Mulgrave,  Lord,  341 
My  Poll  and  my  Partner  Joe,  420 

Napier,  Hon.  George,  466 
Napier,  Sir  Cha&  466 


Napier,  Sir  Wm.  466 
Napoleon,  Emperor,  308,  336,  353, 
356;    Coronation   of,   294— See 
BuoncLparie 
Nassalen,  Count,  433 
National  Assembly  petrified,  55 
National  Parachute,  264 
Natural  Crop,  371 
Nauticus,  477 
Necker,  214 

Neither  War  nor  Peace,  16 
Nelson,  Loi^,  1 54, 207*,  208, 2 1 1 ,  498 
Nelson's  Victory,  209 
Nelson,  armorial  ensigns  of,  211 
New  Dynasty  (The),  338 
New  Pantheon  of  Democratic  My- 
thology, 230 
New  Speaker  (The)  between   the 

Hawks  and  Buzzards,  253 
New  Way  to  pay  the  National  Debt, 

18 
News  from  Calabria,  324 
Nicholas,  Mr.  173 

Nicholls,  l^ir.  184,  194,  199,  206, 
216,  229,  234,  257,  258,  261,  262, 
264 
Nicol,  Mrs.  380 

NizhUy  Visitors  atSt.Anne'sHill,207 
Noble  Lord  (A)  on  an  approaching 

Peace  21 
Norfolk,'  Duke  of,  36,  39,  114,  118, 
119,  122,  127,  143,  156,  173,  184, 
185,  198,  199,  206,  209,  216,  229, 
257,  258,  261,  262,  290,  291,  299, 
332,  342,  344,  356,  371,  391,  394 
Norfolk,  Duke  of,  at  the  Hackney 

Meeting,  143 
North,  Sir  Dudley,  174 
North,  Loid,  2,  12,  15,  16,  20,  28, 

31,32,35 
North,  Mr.  Brownlow,  528 
Northumberland,  Duke  of,  217, 329, 

567 
Notorious  Characters,  No.  I,  451 
Nugent,  Lord,  345 
Nuptial  Bower,  164 
Nursery  (The),  268 

O'Connor,  Arthur,  207,  269,  314 
Ogilvie,  Mr.  207 

Oh !  listen  to  the  voice  of  Love,  458 
Oh  !  that  this  too  solid  flesh  would 

melt,  421 
Old  Encore  at  the  Opera,  564 
Old  English  Gentleman  pestered  by 

servants  wanting  places,  355 
Old  Maid  on  a  Journey,  530 
Onslow,  Earl,  132 


492 


INDEX. 


Onslow,  Tommy,  502 

Operatical  Reform,  448 

Opening  of  the  Budget,  1 57 

Opposition  Telegraphs,  202 

Orange,  William,  Prince  of,  29,  247, 
433 

Orde,  Sir  J.  154 

Orleans,  Duke  of,  18,  207 

Ornaments  of  Chelsea  Hospital,  379 

Ostend,  Expedition  to,  202 

Overthrow  of  the  Repahlican  Babel, 
364'" 

Oxford  University,  election  of  Chan- 
cellor in,  356,  366 

Pacific  entrance  of  Earl  Wolf  into 
Blackhaven,  69 

Pacific  Overtures,  314 

Pactia  de  Rhodes,  227 

Paddy  on  Horseback,  1 

PaUle  D'Avoine,  372 

Paine,  Tom,  54,  91 

Pair  of  Polished  Gentlemen,  499 

Pandora  opening  her  Box,  352 

Pantagruers  victorious  return  to  the 
Court  of  Gargantua,  110 

Parasols  for  1795,  405 

Paris  Beau  (A),  108 

Paris  Belle  (A),  107 

Parisot,  Mademoiselle,  448 

Parr,  Dr.  249,  257 

Patent  Bolsters,  385 

Patriotic  Regeneration,  118 

Patriots  deciding  a  point  of  honour, 
331 

Patriotic  Petitions  on  the  Peace  Con- 
vention, 350 

Patriots  amusing  themselves,  74 

Pattern  Staff,  474 

Patteson,  Rev.  E.  451 

Paul,  Emperor,  256 

Paull,  Mj.  325,  326,  327,  329,  330, 
331,  333,  336,  350 

Peep  at  Christie*8,  429 

Peep  into  the  Shakespeare  Gallery, 
382 

Pen-etration,  470 

Penn,  John,  Esq.  470 

Percival,  Mr.  214,  340,  341,  351, 
352,  354,  356 

Perkins,  Dr.  506 

Perring,  Rev.  Mr.  382 

Perry,  Mr.  E.  S.  6,  366 

Peter  Pindar's  Epistle  to  Lord  Lons- 
dale, 69 ;  quotations  from,  23,  31, 
120,  378 

Peter  III.  of  Russia,  256 

Petit  Souper  a  la  Parisicnnc,  87 


Petre,  Lord  and  Lady,  368 

Petty,  Lord  Henry,  299,  305,310, 
311,  312,  313,  314,  317,  318,  319, 
321,  323,  385,  336,  337,  339,  340, 
344,  349,  350,  355,  366  —  See 
Lcmsdowne 

Petty  Professor  of  Modem  History, 
574 

Phaeton  Alarmed,  340 

Phantasmagoria,  272 

Phoenix  Park  offered  to  Grattan,  6 

Physical  Aid,  or  Britannia  recovered 
from  a  Trance,  275 

Pic-nic  Society,  516 

Pic-nic  Orchestra,  517 

Pig  in  a  Poke,  38 

Pigs  possessed  (The),  337 

Pig's  Meat,  206 

Pillars  of  tlic  Constitution,  342 

Pinch  of  Cephalic,  510 

Pitt,  Mr.  18,  20,  22,  23,  27,  28,  36, 
37,  39,  43,  44,  51,  57,  58.  68,  72, 
76,  77,  82,  86*,  92,  93,  96,  100*, 
102,  110,  118,  119,  121,  125,  126, 
127,  130,  131,  132,  135,  137,  138, 
139,  140,  141,  145,  146,  148,  149, 
150,  151,  155,  157,  158,  159,  160, 
164,  165,  166,  167,  168,  170,  172, 
175,  178,  184,  198,  201,  206,  214, 
249,  258,  262,  264,  290,  293,  295, 
298,  299,  300,  302,  305,  307,  314, 
316,  340,  351,  366 

Pitt,  Mr.  his  affection  for  his  nieces, 
146  ;  proposal  of  marriage  to, 
164 ;  character  of,  305 ;  and 
Sheridan,  293 

Pity  the  Sorrows  of  a  Poor  Old 
Man,  144 

Pizarro  contemplating  the  Product 
of  his  new  Peruvian  Mine,  244 

Plaisirs  du  Menage,  367 

Plumper  for  Paull,  330 

Plum-pudding  in  danger,  295 

Political  Amusements  for  young 
Gentlemen,  259 

Political  Banditti  assailing  the  Sft- 
viour  of  India,  31 

Political  Candour,  305 

Political  Dreamings,  262 

Political  Mathematician  shaking  the 
brood-bottomed  Hemispheres,  336 

Political  Ravishment,  167 

Polonius,  123 

Pope  (The),  328 

Popham,  Sir  Home,  202 

Porson,  Professor,  451 

Portland,  Duke  of,  6,  12,  14,  361, 
335,  341,  355,  526 


INDEX. 


493 


Portrait  of  an  Irish  Chief,  438 

PoBting  in  Ireland,  535 

Posting  in  Scotland,  537 

Posting  to  the  Election,  327 

Power  of  Beauty,  390 

Pruetor  Urbanns,  224 

Preliminaries  of  Peace,  261 

Preparing  for  the  Grand  Attack,  263 

Presages  of  the  Millennium,  127 

Presentation  (The),  'or  the  Wise 
Men's  Offering,  142 

Price,  Dr.  45,  58 

Priestley,  Dr.  57,  58,  74,  91,  101, 

102,  106 
Prince  William  of  Orange,  433 
Prince  of  the  Old  School,  469 
Princess  Royal,  170,  171 
Princesses  (The),  78,  288,  302 
Progress  of  the  Toilet,  570—572 
Promenade  en  Famille  (La),  176 
Protection  of  the  King's  Person,  BiU 

for,  143 
Provis,  Miss,  443 
Proof  (A)  of  the  refined  feelings  of 

an  amiable  Character,  153 
Promised  horrors  of  the  French  In- 
vasion, 155 
Prophets  of  the  Hebrews,  116 
Prussia,  King  of,  315 
Pnltcney,  Sir  William,  195,  216 
Punch  cures  the  Gout,  the  Cholic, 

and  the  Tisick,  453 
Push-pin,  439 
Pylades  and  Orestes,  433 

Quassia,  triumph  of,  318 

Queen  Charlotte,  288, 302, 368 — See 

Charhtte 
Queensbeny,  Duke  of,  47,  257,  439, 

523 
Questions  and  Conmiands,  34 


Rake's  Progress  at  the  University, 

545—549 
Raw  Weather,  556 
Real  Cause  of    the  present  High 

Price  of  Provisions,  122 
Reception  in  Holland,  247 
Reception  of  the  Diplomatique  and 

his  suite  at  the  Court  of  Pekin, 

88 
Reconciliation  (The),  302 
Reeves,  John,  139,  365 
Regency  Bill,  47 
Reid,  Major,  446 
Republican  Attack  (The),  132 
Republican  Hercules  defending  bis 

Countr}',  163 


Republican  Rattlesnake  fascinating 

the  Bedford  Squirrel,  136 
Retribution — Tarring  and  Feather- 
ing, 137 

Reynolds,  Sir  J.  380,  392,  443 

Hegardez  Moi,  370 

Richmond,  Duke  of,  2,  7,  19,  23, 44, 
140;  his  Head,  155 

Riflemen,  French,  227 

Rights  of  Man,  54 

Robinson,  Mrs.  372,  378 

Rob>on,  Mr.  267 

Rockingham,  Marquis  of,  2,  6 

Roche,  Sir  Boyle,  6 

Rodney  introducing  de  Grasse,  3 

Rodney,  Admiral,  3,  4 

Rolle,  Mr.  28 

Rolliad,  Extract  from  the,  38 

Rose,  Sir  George,  37,  44 

Rosiere,  M.  448 

Ross,  Colonel,  69 

Royal  Ball-fight  (The),  141 

Royal  Lounger,  479 

Rumford,  C^unt,  459,  520 

Russia,  126 

Russia,  Catherine  of,  29,  51,  76 

Rutland,  Duchess  of,  404 


Sad  Sloppy  Weather,  555 

Salute  (The),  442 

Salisbury,  Lord,  123,  170,  288,  372, 
523 

Salisbury,  Lady,  372,  515,  616,  517, 
523 

Sampson  overcome  by  a  Philistian, 
379** 

Sandwich  Carrots  I  Dainty  Sand- 
wich Carrots,  427 

Sandwich,  Lord,  3,  36,  427 

Sans  Culottes  feedmg  Europe  with 
the  bread  of  liberty,  95 

Schwallenberg,  Madame,  23,  386 

Scientific   Researches  I    New    Dis- 
coveries in  Pneumaticks,  520 

Scotch  Harry's  News,  79 

Scotch   Pony,  conmionly  called  a 
Galloway,  461 

Scott,  Sir  Walter,  quotations  from, 
174,  198 

Scott,  Sir  WUliam,  202,  356,  365 
366  * 

Search  Night,  or  State  Watchmen. 

184 
Sensibility's  Tear,  441 
Shakspeare  sacrificed,  380 
Shnkspeare  Autographs,  451 
Shakspeare  Gallery,  380 
Shadow  of  a  Duke,  406 


494  IN 

Shelbnnie,  Lord,  7,  11,  14,  lOO* 
Sheridan,  Mr.  liO,  31,  36,  48,  S3, 93, 
56,  67,  S6,  74,  77,  93,  95,  96,  lUl, 
103,  106,  113,  114,  lis,  116,  lie, 
119,  1T2,  137,  133,  137,  139,  141, 
U3,  145,  146,  147,  14B,  156,  159, 
160,  IBS,  16.1,  168,  173,  173,  175, 
178,  104,  308,  809,  810,  839,  S44, 
353,  357,  358,  361,  363,  363,  37a. 
37S,  383,  391,  393,  398,  399,  3U5, 
308,  310,  311,  313,  313,  314,  31V, 
833,  336,  337,  338,  3S9,  330,  :)3-2. 
.133,  3J5,  336,  337,  339,  340,  341. 
344,  349,  3fiO,  351,433,441,  516, 

SheridBD's  attack  on  Pitt,  393;  hia 
speech  ia  Wcatminnter  llall.  344  t 
conveniation  with  Ireland,  451 

ShcndHn,  Mrd.  392 

SlicHdan,  Tom,  5S7 

Shippen,  Mr.  303 

Stuiae  at  St.  Anne's  Hill,  199 

Shnckliorongh,  Sir  JuhD,  193,310, 


316,3: 

SiddotiH,  Mm.  516,  967 

Sidmollth,  198,  839,  303,  307,  308, 
310,  311,  313,  314,  317,  319,  330, 
332,  333,  3SS,  332,  335,  336,  337, 
.139,349,351,356,366 

Siege  <Xe  ta  Colonne  de  Pump^e,  330 

Sioyes,  M.  880 

Sin,  Death,  and  the  Devil,  86* 

Sinclair,  Sir  John,  814,  816,  889, 
835 

Skateing,  Elementu  of,  S40 — 643 

SkofflngOn,  Sir  Lnmlej,  857,471, 
4T8,  499,  533 

Sketch  of  tho  interior  of  St.  Ste- 
phen's u  it  now  Htandu,  86S 

Sketch  cif  a  Monnincnt  of  Dixap- 
poiulod  Ja^tice,  318 

Slice  of  GloBter  Cheese  (A),  407 

Sleep  Walker  (The),  13 

Slough  uf  Despond,  90 

Smelling  oot  a  Rat,  45 

Siiiithiwn,  Sir  Hagh,  816 

Smyth,  rrufcmor,  574 

Sneyd.  Dr.  416 

"  So  Skiffy  Skipton,  with  his  wonted 
pitce,"  478 

Soldier"- Rctnm,  60 

Sound  of  the  Horn,  560 

Soiithcy  the  Poet,  174 

Soathey,  Kev.  Cathbert,  174 

Sovereifcnty  of  the  People,  198 

SpaniKh  Potriota  attacking  thelTrcnch 
hiindilti,  346 

S|uni«h  Bull  Fi|jht,  346 


Speaker  <The),  311 
Spencer,  Earl,  337,  344 
Spencer  and  a  Thrcadpaper,  39.t 
Sphere  (A)   Projecting  against  a 

Plane,  78 
Spooner,  Mr.  633 
Spoating,  395 
Squall  (A),  S76 
St.  Anne's  Hill,  199 
St.  Cedlia,  393 
St.  George,  ChcTalier  de,  375 
St.  George  and  tlio  Dragon,  4 
St.   George'n   Vulunteera   chaij^ng 

down  Bond  Street,  183 
St.  Lncia  taken,  161 
St.  Vincent,  Karl  of,  154,  166,   208, 
391,  3U3,  338,  337,  339,  340,  343, 
344,350,361,  355 
StacI,  Madame  de,  164 
Stafford,  Marqnis  of,  890,  3S6,  660 
Staggering  Bobs,  a  Tale  for  Scotch- 
men, 437 
Stahremberg,  Count,  370 
Standing  Diob  at  Boodle's,  464 
Standi^h,  Sir  Frank,  464 
Stanhope,  Earl,  56,  106,  113,  114, 
116,  118,  119,  188,  187,  138,   141, 
146,  155,  168,  165,  187,  816,  SS7, 
390,  899,  309,  380,  333,  533 
StHDhope,    Karl,   Marriage  cf    Iiii 

Daugbler,  146 
Stanhope,  Lady  Hester,  161 
Staunton,  Sir  Goorge,  BS 
State  of  the  War,  841 
I   State  Jugglers,  39 
State  Waggoner  and  John  Bnll,  248 
StatiHtical  History  of  Scotland,  314 
Stoevens,  George,  380 
Stonii  Kiting;  theltepablican  flotiU* 

in  Danger,  176 
Start,  Mr.  139,  239,  357 
Substitutes  for  Bread,  135 
Sultan  (The),  39 
Supplementary  Militia,  133 
Sorrender  of  "Ulm  (The),  304 
Suftsc:^,  Dnke  of,  449 
Suwarrow-Komniskoy,   Field   Mar- 

slia],  Count,  840,  856 
Swan-SM,  Vonus,  566 
"Swinigh  Mnltitudc,"  110.  306 
Sydney,  S-ord.  88,  36,  39,  44 
Symirtomi"  of  deep  tJiinking,  466 

Tnlilcfl  Turned  (The),  166 
Taking  Physic,  431 
Tales  of  Wonder,  614 
Talleyrand,   Prince.   75.  388,  384, 
308,314,333,334,338 


IKDIZ. 


495 


Taming  of  the  Shrew,  51 

Tarleton,  Col.  216,  261 

Taylor,  Michael  Angelo,  96,  106, 
114,  119,  155,  159,  160,  162,  168, 
172,  187,  206,  210,  215,  216,  229, 
253,  261,  262,  290 

Ti^lor,  Mr.  marries  Lord  Stanhope's 
Daughter,  146 

Taylor,  Mr.  W.  Stanhope,  146 

Teignmoath,  Lord,  89 

Temperance  enjoying  a  frugal  meal, 
86 

Temple,  Lord,  259,  290,308,311, 
314,  319,  323,  327,  332,  333,  834, 
335,  336,  337,  339,  340,  344,  345, 
350,  354,  355,  356,  357,  366 

Tentanda  Tia  est  qua  me  qnoque 
possim  tollere  humo,  366 

Thanet,  Lord,  299 

Theatrical  Mendicants  relicTed,  667 

Theatrical  Bubble,  532 

Thelwall,Mr.  134, 155, 159, 162,365 

Thcologie  &  la  Turque,  225 

There's  more  ways  thm  one,  27 

Thirty  Tears  have  I  liyed  in  this 
Parish  of  Coyent  Garden,  &c450 

Tholdal,  Mr.  520 

Thorahill,  Mr.  38 

Thomdon  Hall,  entertainment  at,S68 

Thornton,  Colonel,  406 

Thoughts  on  the  English  Govern- 
ment, 139 

Three  (The)  Bir.  Wiggins's,  585 

Thunderer  (The),  378 

Thurlow,  Lord  Chancellor,  2, 28, 27, 
30,  35,  36,  39,  42,  43,  44,  68,  82, 
86» 

Thicknesse,  Philip,  60 

Tichfield,  Marquis  of,  341 

Tiemey,  Mr.  174, 175, 184, 190, 199, 
201,  206,  210,  215,  216,  229,  233, 
255,  257,  258,  259,  261,  262,  265, 
273,  291,  293,  305,  310,  311,  313, 
314,  336,  337,  340,  344,  355 

Tiddy-Doll,the great  French  Ginger^ 
bread  Baker,  drawing  out  a  new 
Batch  of  Kings,  309 

Titianus  Redivivus,  443 

Tirailleur  Francais,  etchevalleger  de 
I'Arm^  du  Pacha  de  Rhodes,  227 

Toasting  MufSns,  67 

Toilet,  Progress  of  the,  570—572 

ToUemache,  Xady  Grace,  578 

Tom  Paine's  nightly  Pest,  91 

Tomline,  Dr.  146 

Tooke,  Bir.  William,  259 

Tooke,  Home,  57,  58,  106, 162, 184, 
189,  216,  259,  263,  291,  311,  318, 


814,  325,  327,  380,  838,  886,  338, 
339,  344, 350, 354, 357  ;  skotch  of 
his  life,  259 

Topham,  Major,  37,  378 

Townshend,  Xx>rd  John,  37 

Townshend,  Colonel,  473,  476 

Townshend,  "Mi,  355 

Treason  and  Sedition  Bills,  139, 143 

Tree  of  Liberty— with  the  Devi! 
tempting  John  Bull,  200 

Tree  of  Liberty  must  be  planted  im- 
mediately, 168 

Triumph  of  Quassia,  818 

Triumphal  Procession  of  little  Panll 
the  Tailor  upon  his  new  Goose,  325 

Trotter's  Memoirs  of  Fox,  Extracts 
from,  269,  310,  319 

Trois  Magots,  389 

True  British  Tar,  121 

True  Reform  of  Parliament,  357 

Tub  for  the  Whale,  212 

Turner,  Sir  Charles,  153 

Twin  Stars,  CTastor  and  Pollux,  235 

Twopenny  Whist,  413 

Ulm,  surrender  of,  804 
Uncorking  Old  Sheny,  293 
Uniform  (A)  Whig,  70 
Union  Club  (The),  257 
United  Lrishmen  m  Training,  204 
United  Irishmen  upon  Duty,  205 
United  Lrishmen,  Society  of,  207 
University,  Rake*s  Progress  at  the, 
545—649 


10 


Committee  framing  a  Report, 


Valley  of  the  Shadow  of  Death,  847 
Valletort,  Lord,  516,  517,  528 
Van  Butchell,  Martin,  384 
Vancouver,  Captain,  and  his  brother, 

154 
Vansittart,  Mr.  260,  310,  832— See 

BeoBUy 
Venetian  Secret,  443 
Venus  k  la  Coquille,  566 
Venus  attired  by  the  Graces,  496 
Venus,  trying  on  the  Cestus  of,  394 
Vestal  of  —93,  394 
Very  slippy  weather,  659 
Vestris,  the  Dandng  Master,  370 
Vices  overlooked  in  the  New  Pro- 
clamation, 80 
Vienna,  Omvention  of,  315 
View  of  Newmarket  Heath,  668 
View  of  the  Hustings  in  Covent 

Garden,  329 
Vimiera,  battle  of,  350 

32 


496 


nrDBz. 


Visit  to  Piccadilly,  40 
Visiting  the  Sick,  319 
Voluptnftry   under  the  horron  of 

digestion,  85 
*'  Vortigem  and  Rowena,"  451 
Vulture  of  the  Constitution,  41 

Waithman,  Alderman,  350 
Wales,  Prince  of,  18,  84,  28,  32,  33, 

48,  65,  80,  85,  115,  124,  142,  155, 

170,  202,  257,  289,  302,  312,  319, 

372,  375,  378,  435,  480,  523 
Wall,  Governor,  521 
Walpole,  Sir  Kobert,  anecdote  of, 

303 
Walpole,  Lord,  337 
Walpolo,  Horace,  5,  375,  400 
Walpole,  Gen.  232,  261,  262 
Walse  (La),  Le  Bon  Genre,  569 
Waltzer  de  Mouchoir,  467 
War,  15,  16 

Wardle,  Col.  352,  354,  357 
Warley  Common,  review  on,  368 
Warren,  Admiral,  208 
Watson,  Mr.  89,  413 
Watson,  Col.  450 

Weather,  Hctures  of  the,  553 — 559 
Weird  Sisters,  68 
Welch  Tandem,  531 
Wellesley,  Sir  Arthur,  300 
Wellington,  Duke  of,  201,  350 
Weft,  Benj.  K.A.  443 
W — st^r  Just-asses  a  Braying,  9 
Westminster  Conscripts  under  the 

Training  Act,  323 
Westminster  Hunt,  35 
Westminster  Scrutiny,  214 
Westmorehmd,  Earl,  132 
What  a  Cur  'tis,  128 
What  can  UtUe  T O do  ? 

502 
Whig  Club,  139,  173,  198 
Whitbread,  Mr.  318,  320,  829,  335, 

337,  339,  340,  344,  351,  354,  355, 

357 


Whiteford,  Caleb,  551 
Whitworth,  Lord,  279 
Wide  Awake,  562 
Wife  or  no  Wife,  32 
Wilkes,  Mr.  2,  161,  162,  259 
WUberforce,  Mr.  49,  127,  140,  160^ 

164,  172,  201,  272,  290,  298,  302^ 

305,  320,  352 
Windham,  Mr.  140,  145,  159,  160^ 

262,  290,  293,  298,  299,  305,  308^ 

310,  311,  313,  314,  319,  332,  333^ 

335,  336,  337,  339,  340,  344,  349^ 

350,  351,  352,  355,  366 
Windham,  head  of.  155. 
Windy  Weather,  558 
Windsor,  Mrs.  489 
Wine  Duty,  or  the  Triumph  of  Bno 

chus  and  Silenus,  149 
Wirtemberg,  Prince  of,  170,  171 
Wirtemberg,  King  of,  408 
Wishart,  Mr.  353,  354 
Witch  upon  a  Mount's  Edge,  388 
Wolcot,  Dr.— See  Peter  Pvndar 
Wolf,  death  of  the,  140 
Wolfe,  General,  19 
Woodbridge,  Robert,  385 
Woodfall,  the  Printer,  259 
Woollett,  the  artist,  380 
Worn  out  Patriot,  355 
Wounded  Lion,  303 
Wray,  Sir  Cecil,  57,  58 
Wright,  Sir  Sampson,  379«* 
Wycombe,  Earl  of,  504 
Wynn,  Sir  Watkin  Williams,  23, 40^ 

366,  390  ;  and  his  brothers,  501 
Wynn,  Lady,  40 

Yarmouth,  Lord,  323 
York,  Duke  of ,  60,  61,  62,  63,  80^ 
100,  110,  170,  207,  352,  354,  44i 
York,  Duchess  of ,  40, 60, 61, 62, 63,71 
York,  Archbishop  of,  366 
York,  Charles,  260 
York  Minuet,  62 
York  Reverence,  63 


THE  BND. 


«.  VOJUIAV,  PIUVTia,  lUIDVIV  I.AVI,  COTWT  OABDSM. 


3436-2