Historical Arkansas. Compliments of the Memorial chapter, U. D. C., Little Rock, Arkansas

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To the Visiting Ladies
of the Convention:

"A welcome from hearts ever loyal and true —
A welcome, most hearty, we offer to you. .
With hand unto hand, O friends, gathered here.
Let us honor the Cause that our memories hold dear-"

O YOU, OUR GUESTS, who
love and cherish the Old South,
we give of our hearts' best gifts.

Just open the pages of this little
book and con the lives of our Poet,
Statesmen, Soldier, Hero and Editor. The story of
their lives will imbue you with Faith, Hope and
Courage. Then let us more faithfully take for our
motto, "Lest we forget."

Page

I. Greeting . , ^ . . . ^ 1

II. Albert Pike 6

III. Augustus Hill Garland - ' - - 10

IV. Chester Ashley 14

V. Patrick Ronayne Cleburne ' ' ' 18

VI. David O. Dodd 20

VII. St. Johns College 24

VIII. William E. Woodruff .... 26

IX. Arsenal 34

X. Confederate Monument ... 36

i

7^ -f-r

ALBERT PIKE

mbtrt 0ifte

Born in Boston, Alassachusetts, December 29, 1809; was
educated at Harvard, and later for a time engaged in
teaching. In 183 1 he accompanied an expedition to Santa
Fe, afterwards exploring the head-waters of the Red and Brazos
rivers. In December, 1832, he again engaged in teaching near
Van Buren, Arkansas, but after a short time he removed to
Little Rock, in this State, and became the editor of a* newspaper
called the "Arkansas Advocate." In the meantime he entered
upon the study of law, and was duly admitted to the liar in
1836. Soon afterwards he took an active part in the compila-
tion of a code of statute law ostensibly prepared by a commission
of which he was a verv efficient secretary, which, with but few
changes, still remains in force in Arkansas. He first became
widely known by various poems pul:)lished in Blackwood's Maga-
zine, of Edinburg, Scotland.

When the Mexican war broke out Pike joined the volunteer
army, and, in command of a squadron, fought at Beuna \ ista, and
later received the surrender of Mapini in 1847. He married in
1834, t6 Miss Mary Ann Hamilton, of Arkansas Post, whom he
survived for some years.

During the Civil War Pike was made Indian Commissioner
of the Confederate government, afterwards Brigadier General.

After the war he practiced law first in Little Rock, then in
Memphis, Tennessee, and later in Washington, D. C. In 1867-
1868 he also edited the Memphis Appeal. During all these years
Pike devoted all the time that he could spare from his regular
pursuits to literary work. He published a volume of "Prose
Sketches and Poems" in 1834, which has since passed through
several editions, one of them being recent. He also published
thirty volumes of Masonic works. He died in Washington, D.
C, April 2. 1891. He was an onmiverous reader, and his linguistic
attainments were of a high order. A very handsome life-sized
monument has since been erected to his memory in one of the
public squares of the National Capital.

It may be added that Pike had a very successful career at
the bar, and early in life accpiired a national reputation as an
able and profound jurist. A man of great and multifarious
learning and of remarkable social charm, he was attended through
life bv "troops of friends." Few men of his time and country
were more widely known.

He built the beautiful old colonial residence in Little Rock,
now owned and occupied b}- the children of the late Col. John
G. Fletcher.

ALBERT PIKE HOME

AUGUSTUS HILL GARLAND

:au3U0tufi^ i^tU (I5arlanti

Was born near Covington, Tennessee, June ii, 1832. His
father, who was a planter, removed with his familv to Hemp-
stead County, Arkansas, in tlie following- year. On growing- up
to boyhood the son was educated at St. Joseph's College at
Bardstown, Kentucky, after which he studied law and was ad-
mitted to the bar at Washington, Arkansas. Entering on the
practice of his profession he soon afterwards married Miss
Sanders, the lovely and accomplished daughter of a highly re-
spected and esteemed resident of that town. Mr. Garland soon
rose to distinction at the bar, and in 1856, desiring- a larger field of
activity, he removed to Little Rock, where he continued the prac-
tice in a law firm composed of Ebenezer Cummins, a distinguished
member of the Little Rock bar. and himself.

LTp to 1861 Mr. Garland showed no predilection for political
life : but when a State convention was called in that vear to
consider the very disturbed condition of the countrv then exist-
ing he was elected as a delegate to that body from Pulaski
County on a platform opposed to secession. The convention at first
voted to sustain the union of States, and then adjourned to a
distant day. During the exciting days that followed so great a
change of public sentiment ensued that an ordinance of secession
for which Mr. Garland and all the other union men in the con-
vention with a single exception, voted, was adopted.

10

When the Confederate government was in process of forma-
tion, Mr. Garland was elected a member of the lower house of
the Confederate Congress. Ke was later elected to a seat in the
Confederate Senate, a position that he continued to hold until
the surrender at Apijomattox ; after which he resumed the prac-
tice of the law at Little Rock.

When the State was in the throes of revolt against the carpet-
bag government in 1874, yir. Garland was elected Governor of
Arkansas ; a position that he held for the full term of two years.
He was elected to the United States Senate in 1877, and on the
accession of Mr. Cleveland to the Presidency he was appointed
Attorney General of the United States, a place that he occupied
until the close of Mr. Cleveland's first term of office, at which time
he resumed the practice of his profession in Washington, D. C,
without relinquishing his domicile in Arkansas. He died in
Washington, T""e 26, 1899.

Mr. Garland was recognized throughout the Union as a pro-
found jurist and an able statesman. He was highly esteemed and
beloved for his personal virtues and for his genial social
qualities. In his honor a county in .Vrkansas lias been named
after him, and a monument has been erected to his memory ni
Mt. Holly Cemetery, Little Rock, by his grateful countrymen.

11

12

ASHLEY HOME

13

Cl)e0ter ;a0l)lep

Was born at Amherst. Alassachusetts, on the ist day of
June, 1 79 1. When he was three years old his parents moved to
the town of Hudson, in the State of New York. Growing up,
he was educated at Wilhams College, Massachusetts, where he
graduated in 1813. Later he studied law in the famous law school
at Litchfield, Connecticut, established and presided over by
Judge Reeve. Having taken his degree in the law school, Ashley
removed to Edwardsville. Illinois, in 1818. At the end of two
years he removed to St. Louis, then a mere village. When the
Territory of Arkansas was formed and organized he resolved to
cast his fortunes with that infant community, still in its swaddling-
clothes ; and with that view he settled at what is now known as
Little Rock. Although there was no town there at that time,
and only two houses but lately improvised in the woods, and built
of unhewn logs, he saw with prophetic eye that from its pic-
turesque position and its many other advantages it must be
selected as the capital of the Territory and of the future State
of Arkansas. It was on this faith that he and others entered
portions of the land on which the city now stands. At that
time the capital of the Territory was at the Post of Arkansas,
a small village on the Arkansas River fifty or sixty miles below
Pine Blufl:', and which had been originally settled by the French
before the cession of Louisiana to the L'nited States. The capital

was changed to Little Rock by an act of the Territorial Legisla-
ture in 182 1.

On the 24th day of July, of that year Ashley married Miss
Mary W. W. Eliot of St. Genevieve, ^Missouri, who, after many
years of happy married life, survived him until ^lav, 1865. It
was in November, 1821, that the town of Little Rock was laid off
and received the name which it still bears. It is needless to
say that Ashley was one of its founders, and one of the most
active and intelligent promoters of its welfare as long as he
lived. Engaged in the practice of law, he soon rose to the
highest rank at the bar, and acquired a national reputation as
a lawyer and a jurist. In 1844 he was elected to the United
States Senate. On his entry into that distinguished body a
compliment was paid him that no one else has ever received
since the foundation of the Federal government. In view of his
personal merits and his universally recognized abilities, he was
at once made chairman of the Judiciary Committee of the Senate,
the most important committee within its control. Both before
and since that time that appointment has been exclusively reserved
for senators who have had the experience of at least one sena-
torial term.

On the expiration of INIr. Ashley's term, he was re-elected
to the Senate, and was continued in his place as chairman of the
Judiciarv Committee; thus justifying and approving his first
and exceptional selection for that high and responsible position.

While actively engaged in his duties in the Senate chaiuber
in April, 1848, ]\Ir. Ashley became suddenly and painfully ill,
and was removed at once to his rooms, where it was discovered
that he was suffering from a dangerous fever, of which he died
on the 2yth dav of that month. Congress at once adjourned.
His funeral was attended bv the President. Judges of the Supreme

15

Court, principal officers of State, and a large concourse of
citizens, when his body with appropriate ceremonies was laid
to rest in the Congressional Cemetery. It was afterwards re-
moved, and now reposes in Mt. Holly Cemetery, in the city of
Little Rock.

The loss sustained by the death of Mr. Ashley was deeply
felt by the people of the State and by the country at large. In
commemoration of his life and public services one of the counties
of our State and two of the promiment streets of Little Rock
have received his name as a perpetual and honorable memento of
his life and public services.

16

PATRICK RONAYNE CLEBURNE

17

0atr(cfe iaonapne Cleburne

Was born in the County of Cork, Ireland, AFarch 17, 1828.
While a student at Trinity College, Dublin, he ran away and
joined the British army, in which he remained for three years.
Coming- to America, he settled at Helena, Arkansas, where he
studied law. was admitted to the bar, and practiced successfully
until the breaking out of the Civil War, when he joined the
Confederate army as a private. He almost immediately distin-
guished himself for military qualities of a very high order, and
was rapidly promoted. He commanded a brigade at Shiloh. and
was wounded at Perry ville. In December, 1862, he was commis-
sioned as major-general. He fought in many of the fierce battles
of the war, and greatly distinguished himself at Murfreesborough,
Chickamauga, Ringgold Gap and Missionary Ridge, for which
services he received the thanks of the Confederate Congress.

Utterly fearless in danger, he was killed at the battle of
Franklin, November 30, 1864. He was never married.

General Cleburne was a man of singular elevation of cliarac-
ter. and was greatly cherished and admired both in civil and
military life. Warmhearted, unselfish and chivalrous, in all his
words and acts he was governed by a conscientious sense of
duty. The bravest of men, he was also the tenderest, the most
self-respecting, and the most considerate of the rights and feelings
of others. Cleburne County in this State was named in his honor.

18

DAVID O DODD

19

2)atoiti €). 2E>ot>ti

Who knew what passed in those long years,

In Arkansas?
Who cared to mark the falling tears

Of Arkansas?
We know of many hero graves.
Where not one wreath of laurel waves,
And not one stone a hearing craves,

In Arkansas.

Thermopylae is far awa}^

From Arkansas,
And knew of heroes 'ere the day

Of Arkansas.
Leonidas did hold the pass
Till men fell thick as summer grass;
And one did read that in his class.

In Arkansas.

Rome is held full many a sea

From Arkansas,
But we read the story of the Three

In Arkansas.
And one did read it every day,
And heard, above his comrades' play,
Strange voices call him far away

From Arkansas.

And when close by his college door,

In Arkansas,
He stood, a mighty crowd before,

In Arkansas,
He knew his lessons all were done,
Yet was beneath that Southern sun
A lesson taught to many a one.

In Arkansas.

20

He did not urge his youth's fair claim,

On Arkansas.
Nor still a single comrade's name,

Oh, Arkansas!
He would not take a length of days.
That led through such dishonored ways.
Better a grave than blighted bays,

Oh, Arkansas !

He looked l)eyond his foemen's ire.

To Arkansas ;
He saw his comrades' camping fire.

In Arkansas.
He marked each form, unfettered, strong;
He heard them singing loud and long,
And halfway ioined into that song.

Of Arkansas.

He saw his sisters' eyes grow dim,

In Arkansas,
With watching long and late for him.

In Arkansas.
He saw his mother at the door.
Look, knitting, to the river shore —
He would not see them anv more.

In Arkansas.

:arfean0a0' Bop i^ero

David O. Dodd was arrested by a Federal scouting
party, December 26, 1864, as lie was leaving- Little Rock,
and, on being searched, a plan of the fortifications of
Little Rock and the number and position of the troops
in and around the city was found upon his person. On
the 30th day of December, he was tried before a military
court and condemned as a spy and sentenced to be hung. He
betraved no fear when his sentence was read to him and, though
ofifered his life and liberty if he would tell who gave him his
information, he steadily refused, saying he preferred death to
dishonor. He wrote a tender letter of farewell to his parents
and sisters who were refugeeing in Texas in which he told them
he was not afraid to die and while regretting he could see them

21

no more in this life expressed his firm faith in a meeting here-
after in the better land. After he was upon the scaffold Gen.
Steele, the Federal General in command oft'ered him his life and
transportation beyond the Federal lines if he would tell who
gave him his information but he calmly replied "General, I prefer
death to dishonor, and I gladly give my life for mv countrv."
He was hung at 3 p. m., January 8, 1864, i" front of St. John's
College where he had gone to school. During the terrible four
years of the Civil War no braver soul was yielded up than that
of David O. Dodd, the i7-_\ear-old boy of Saline County, Ark-
ansas.

SAINT JOHNS COLLEGE

St. 3Jot)ns College

St. Johns College was established at Little Rock by the Ma-
sonic Fraternity of x\rkansas. Beginning in 1850 a movement
initiated by Judge Elbert H. English was set on foot in Masonic
circles to found a college for the education of the sons of
Masons as well as to afford general education. At that time there
were no colleges in Arkansas, and but very few schools. St.
Johns College therefore was one of the pioneer institutions of
the State. The building was opened as a military college in
1859, with an able faculty of teachers from Mrginia — graduates
of the Virginia colleges. They were Col. John Baker Thompson,
of Staunton, president; ]\Iajor W. J. Bronaugh, of Richmond,
and Major John B. Lewis, from Lexington. The college opened
with about 60 cadets and had two prosperous sessions until, at
the outbreak of the Civil War the institution was closed, and
the professors and the cadets capable of bearing arms, enlisted in
the Confederate army. The building was made use of as a hos-
pital by the Confederates, and after the occupation of Little Rock
by the Federal forces was likewise used by them until the close
of the war.

It was reopened as a college in 1868, under Col. Luke E.
Barber; afterwards conducted by Col. O. C. Gray, Major R.
H. Parham and others, until 1882, when the institution was
closed as a college and the buildings and grounds were after-
wards sold by the trustees, and with the proceeds the Masonic
Temple, at Main and Fifth streets, was erected.

The college in its career had among its pupils many men
who are now prominent and leading men in Arkansas. In the
latter years of its existence it was maintained as a co-educational
institution.

The college buildings were destroyed by fire and since that
time the grounds have been built over by handsome residences.

24

WOODRUFF HOME

aaJtUiam €. aajootiruff

Was born near Bellport, Long Island, in the State of New
York, December 24, 1795. His early education was limited; and
in early }outh he was apprenticed to a printer in Brooklyn, and
so became proficient in the business which he afterwards followed
through the greater part of his life. In 1817 he set out to seek
his fortunes in the far West. Buying a canoe he and a companion
floated and paddled down the Ohio river to Louisville, Kentucky,
from whence he wandered extensively through that State and
Tennessee on foot, and with the aid of canoes and boats of
various kinds, in search of some spot where a printing office and
a newspaper, though of no great pretentions, might supply a long
felt want.

Finally ]\Ir. Woodruff^ made up his mind to settle at the
Arkansas Post. The act of Congress creating rhe Territory of
Arkansas, passed July 4, 1819, declared that that place should
be "its seat of government until otherwise provided." It was
nearly inaccessible. There was a mere bridle path running from
Montgomery's Point, at the mouth of White River, a prospective
city that has long since been dismantled, abandoned and prac-
tically forgotten ; also a series of connecting roads and bridle
paths extending from St. Louis by way of "the Post" to ]\Ionroe,
Louisiana — then called "Monroe Court Plouse" — along which the
mail was carried on horseback every four weeks. This was the

2(3

only post route in the territory. As there were few or no bridges,
mails were frequently interrupted ; and promise of a mail at these
distant intervals often proved an empty delusion.

With a view to future activities Mr. Wondruff bought at
Franklin, Tennessee, a small printing press and some type. Need-
less to sav that the press was a hand-press, since no other kind
of press was known or even dreamed of at that day : i)recisely the
same kind of press that Franklin had been using in Philadelphia
some years earlier, and of which he said that doubtless in that
machine the art of printing had reached its highest possible stage
of perfection.

Mr. Woodruff caused his press and type to be transported
on a wagon to the Cumberland River, and there, lashing two
canoes together, and building on theni a platform on which he
placed these promoters of a higher civilization, he launched his
advent-n-ous craft, manned Ijy himself and an assistant, on the
waters ; and after a long and weary voyage of three months on
the Cumberland, [Mississippi and Arkansas rivers, these intrepid
voyagers landed triumphantly at the Arkansas Post on the 30th
of October, 1819. Could he have had a premonitory post-card,
giving a representation of the physical appearance of the home
that he had chosen, never, in all human probabilit}', would he have
been seen walking the streets of the Arkansas Post ; but the art
and mystery of photography had not been discovered in those
days, and men and women took most things on trust in a manner
that would now be considered extremely reckless. A glance at
the new capital would have struck terror to most souls. It was
at best a very small hamlet of a few hundred French and Indians
for inhabitants, with a mere sprinkling of Americans, new arrivals
and lovers of adventure. As young Woodruff" spoke neither the
French nor the Indian languages, his social opportunities were

27

necessarily circumscribed. The houses of the new capital had
been hastily constructed, consisting- mostly of shanties and log
cabins ; the country around for many miles was as flat as a
threshing floor, covered with a vast and almost unbroken forest
and luxuriant vegetation that reminded one of tropical lands ;
it was subject, too. to annual and semi-annual inundations that
converted the village and the whole surrounding country into an
inland sea, and which, subsiding, left a yellow deposit of mud
not only on the wide expanse of uninhabited territory, but also
on the floors of such habitations as had not been erected with
wise forethought on piles of considerable elevation above the sur-
face of the never too solid earth. Needless to say that for white
men malarious diseases prevailed to an alarming extent ; the
inhabitants being, of course, wholly ignorant of the connection
subsisting between these maladies and the swarms of mosquitos
that found here an earthly paradise blessed from time to time bv
an increase of food products in the shape of human victims. On
the whole hardly any place could be found better suited for the
pu.rpose of curbing exuberant spirits, and the cultivation of
serious thoughts.

To most persons the fact that Air. Woodrufl:" willingly en-
countered such discomfort and difficulties under such unpromising
conditions would be enough to stamp him as an unpractical ad-
venturer, with not a single chance of success in sight, or within
speaking distance. Yet his judgment was sane and sound ; and
lie possessed the fortitude and the abiding good sense of the
true pioneer that brings forth great results out of scanty and
unpromising materials. He knew that everything was there in
the formative shape, and he trusted that American genius and
enterprise would soon bring about new and happier conditions.

The difficulties in the way of starting a newspaper amid such
surroundings were enough to appall the stoutest heart. No house

28

could be found as a shelter and home for such an enterprise;
and so logs had to be cut and drawn from the contiguous forest ;
other materials necessary for the construction of a rude cabin
had to be procured, and carpenters and other workmen were
scarce. And yet, owing to the energy and activity of this young
man, who not having been reared in the lap of luxury, was pre-
pared to encounter privations and difficulties of all kinds, an
unpretending building, in which ornamentation was severely ex-
cluded, made its appearance ; type cases were set up, a pine table
and a split-bottomed wooden chair did duty as an editorial
sanctum, and the printing press, that marvel of human ingenuitv,
the admiration of all beholders, was duly enthroned. Small fear
of strikes had young \\^oo(lruff, since he was the sole typesetter,
the sole proof-reader and compositor, the sole editor, reporter,
foreign correspondent, errand boy, cashier, bookkeeper, corre-
spondent and printer's devil. Xever was there such a complete
concentration of resources. The newspaper had to start, and
then to come out once a week in order to meet the demands of a
critical and expectant public, and come out it did accordingly;
the precocious child of much tribulation, and of seemingly extrav-
agant hopes. The first number of the Arkansas Gazette made its
appearance on Saturday, November 20, 1819. It had not a single
subscriber, and the chance of selling more than half a dozen
copies must have been extremely small. The sheet was about
eighteen inches square; but the paper was good, the impression
clear and distinct, the whole execution extremely creditable.
As a candidate for long life its prospects were far from bright ;
and yet that frail infant has survived the wreck of years in
which many thousands of its fellows, many of them projected
under the happiest auspices, have gone down in gloom and dis-
appointment.

29

When the Legislature came to elect a printer for the Terri-
tory in 1820. there was but small room for choice — Mr. \\'oo(lruff
- — Billy WoodrutT as he was familiarl}- known in those days — was
triumphantly elected. His official duties being- neither numerous
nor absorbing did not interfere with the career of the Arkansas
Gazette, which came out every Saturday morning witli unfailing
regularity until the last issue at "The Post" of Xovember 24,
1821, appeared, designated as A'olume III. Xo. 2. The rare files
of these old newspapers are not void of interest. They show
conclusively that ^Ir. Woodruff was perfect master of the art
of printing as understood in that day. The typesetting, punctua-
tion, proofreading, spacing, arrangement and press work, every-
thing relating to mechanical execution, exhibited the greatest care
and the highest skill. Strange to say, as a literary journal the
Arkansas Gazette of that date was greatly superior to any present
periodical publication an}where in the wide world. Mr. \\'ood-
ruft' did not disclaim the muse then assiduously cultivated, and
in those days apparently at the last gasp. Every number of the
paper contained some brilliant gem, since become classic, fresh
from the pen of Scott, Byron, W'oodworth, Shelley, Aloore or
Campbell, that had been slowly wafted across a wide sea by vary-
ing winds, and thence across a wide contnient by methods that to us
us seem to be almost inconceivably slow. Indeed there were
great men and inspired poets then. We boast of our progress in
these days when the place thus occupied then is now usurped by
stock reports and news of prize fights. X\ipoleon died while the
Gazette was in course of publication at "The Post ;"' and it
was not until lie had been sleeping under the willow at St.
Helena for six months that the news could be announced in the
Gazette by the vigilant watchman in the tower. The clock of
time was running very slowly then, and an announcement that

30

in less than a century news would be flashed from that island
round the world in a few hours would have been received with
derision and incredulity.

When the capital was removed to Little Rock Mr. Woodruff
followed the course of empire, carrying his newspaper with him,
without change of name; and in Little Rock it has been issued
ever since, first as a weekly paper, and afterwards as a daily,
except for a short interval during the Civil War: in all of which
time it has maintained itself as one of the most influential news-
papers in the State. At present it may be said to be established
on a permanent basis. !\lr. Woodruff sold the Gazette in 1838,
to one Edward Cole ; but probably for nonpayment of the pur-
chase money it reverted to him in 1841, and he resumed his
editorial functions; though not for long. In 1843, '"'^ ^'^^^^ again
to Benjamin S. Borden. In 1846 he started a new paper in
Little Rock called the "Arkansas Democrat." In 1850 he bought
the Gazette, and the two papers were consolidated, and issued
under the old name of the Arkansas Gazette ; a name which it
still bears. In March, Mr. \\'oodruft' sold the paper to C. C.
Danley, thus bringing his connection with the press to a close.
He had long prior to that time established a successful real estate
agency in Little Rock, a business, which, having greatly increased,
had ended by occupying all his time.

Mr. Woodruff' married .Miss Jane Eliza [Mills, of Louisville,
Kentuck}', on the 14th of November. 1827. He has many descend-
ants now living. Though he was no office-seeker yet he was
L^nited States Pension Agent at Little Rock for many years, and
was Treasurer of the State from L)ctober i. i83(), until Xovember
20, 1838. He died at Little Rock, June 19, 1885 in the 90th year
of his age. His widow survived him, dying in ]\Iarch 1887,
at the age of 77 years.

Mr. Woodruff and Chester Ashley from the time that they
first met in 1821 until the death of the latter in 1848, while he was
a member of the United States Senate, were bound together by
the closest ties of a friendship that for devotion and fidelity might
be fitly compared with any mentioned in ancient annals ; a friend-
ship that does honor to both these highly distinguished pioneers
of our State.

Mr. Woodruff' was a small man, possessed of a wonderful
amount of energy, industry and fortitude. His speech and manner
were of almost Ouakerlike modesty and simplicity, respectful,
quiet and unassuming, beneath which was a rich fund of good
natured humor. Notwithstanding a life of immense labor and
activity, mingled with not a little hardship, and an apparently
frail constitution, he had almost continuous good health down to
the close of his long life. In all his aff'airs he displayed an
exactitude and precision of details that won for him the public
confidence ; and down to extreme old age he was familiarly known
as "Honest Billy Woodruff"." ^\l^atever he did was performed
with the most scrupulous care. Mr. Hempstead, in his valuable
history of Arkansas, to which the writer is greatly indebted in
the preparation of this brief sketch, says of him : "From his
unswerving integrity and perfect uprightness of character he
possessed the esteem and respect of every '^ne." A hetter
epitaph one could hardly wish. It naturally followed from what
has been said that he impressed himself deeply on the develop-
ment of the infant community in which his lot was cast. His
judgment on public affairs was sure and sound, and by tempera-
ment he was conservative ; so that many who otherwise might
have been misled by temporary excitement habitually deferred
to his opinions which had been deliberately fo: med, and which
were expressed with a calmness and freedom from partizanship
that bespoke the thoroughness of his convictions. His name is
perpetuated in that of one of the counties of the State.

32

ARSENAL BUILDING

33

Cl)e ^r^enal Builtiing

The building shown in ihustration is the tower building of
the former United States Arsenal. It was put up by the govern-
ment near the vear 1840, when Little Rock was a far west
frontier point. It was the scene of many stirring events during
the progress of the Civil War. At the outbreak of that great
conflict it was garrisoned by an artillery company under Captain
James Totten, and was taken possession of by the State au-
thorities in February, 1861. Captain Totten retiring with his
men. It was made use of for Confederate troops until the oc-
cupancy of Little Rock by the L'nited States troops in 1863.
and was thereafter made use of by them. In 1893 the govern-
ment abandoned it as a military post and the citizens of Little
Rock traded 1,000 acres of land on Big Rock to the governnieia
for a post in exchange for the garrison grounds for a city park.
In taking possession of it for that purpose all the officers' cjuarters,
barracks and other buildings were removed, leaving the tower
building alone standing for use as park keeper's lodge, club
rooms, and public assemblies.

34

CONFEDERATE MONUMENT

35

Confederate flponument

The Arkansas Confederate ^lonumcnt which stands in the
grounds of the new State Capitol, was unveiled on the 3d of
June, 1905. It was made in Paris, France, at the cost of ten
thousand dollars, and is the work of the famous sculptor, F. W.
Ruchstuhl. Five thousand dollars was collected hy the Veterans
and Daughters, and live thousand was contributed by the State.

One inscription upon this monument "The Defense of the
Flag" is as follows : "Arkansas appreciated the valor and
patriotism of her sons and commends their example to future
eenerations."

36

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

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