A historical sermon : delivered on the occasion of the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the First Congregational Church, Lebanon, Conn.

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A HIStORlCAli SERMON

DELIVERED OX THE OCCASION OF THE

One Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary

OF THE

First Conoreoational Church,

t5" ^t^

LEBANON, CONN.,

y

By REV. JOHN C: NICHOLS, Pastor.

ORGANIZED NOV. 2T, 1700.

C. C. MORSE & SON,

STEAM BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS,'

HAVERHILL, MASS.

1895.

HISTORICAL SERMON.

The land now embraced in this town, was, as you all know, a part
of the territory claimed hy the Pequots, a tribe inferior to no other
New England tribe in ferocity, enterprise and passion for war ; a
tribe whose history constitutes the saddest page in the history of
Connecticut, and the saddest in the sad liistory of the Indians. In-
justice and neglect have been their portion, from the day that
Endicot, in 168(3, broke in pieces their canoes and burnt their
wigwams.

It is supposed they came from the banks of the Hudson river
not long before IGOO, as tlieiv brethren, long after this, occupied
that region undisturbed ; and, it is believed, that they left and came
to this region because that country was unable to sustain so numer-
ous a population of hunters.

The Mohicans were a clan of the Pequots, of which clan, Fncas
was the first Sachem. Cncas was closely related to the royal fam-
ily b}^ birth and marriage. Prompted by ambition, he seized upon
what he deemed a favorable moment to secure the throne, and ap-
peared, with a few followers iii arms, against the Pequot Sachem.
After varying fortunes, he at length, through the aid of the Eng-
lish, came into possession of all the noithern part of Xew London

4 HISTORICAL SERMON.

County, and the southern portions of Tolland and Windham
Counties.

This clan assumed the name [Mohegan or Mohican] by which
their brethren were known on the banks of the Hudson. I am
sorry to be obliged to add that the Uncas whom we find in history
is a very different man from the Uncas whom traditioii has taught
us to respect. He was in disposition, faithless, selfish and tyranni-
cal, while his ambition is not relieved by one trait of magnanimity.

The Rev. Mr. Pitch speaks of him, when some seventy summers
must have passed over his head, as a liar and murderer, a great op-
poser of godliness among his own people.

The Indian name of this town was Poquechaneed. We can
easily suppose that these hills, brooks and plains would attract the
attention of the Indians as promising abundant game ; and here we
know they kindled their fires. Beneath the deep forests that shaded
these hills, they pursued, undisturbed, the deer, the bear and the
beaver. Along these brooks, and over these plains, they hunted the
pigeon, the partridge and the wild turkey.

It consisted originally, as is known to us, of four proprietors, as
they were termed, and was obtained from Owaneco, son of the
crafty and faithless Uncas.

The first deed was given to Capt. Samuel Mason and Capt. John
Stanton of Stonington, and to Capt. Benjamin Brewster and Mr.
John Birchard of Norwich, and bears date 1G92. It was confirmed
by the General Assembly 1705. It was called "the five mile pur-
chase," being 5 miles square, and reached from what was at that
time, the northern line of Norwich, to the northern boundary of
what is now the North Society.

Samuel Mason, who seems to have taken the lead in the 5 mile

HISTORICAL SERMON. 0

purchase, was son of the Capt. John JMason, Avho was chosen Dep-
uty Governor of the colony in 1G60, and who, on many occasions of
those days of trial to the colonies of New England, proved himself
a true and useful friend. Trained up in the camp, under Sir John
Fairfax, he was qualified to be leader of the little companies sent
against the Indians. If we weep over the fate of the Pequots, be-
fore we condemn Mason and his little company, we must place our-
selves back in those days, and look upon the scene from the scattered
huts of our Puritan fathers. Samuel Mason left no son. He was,
like his father, a warm friend of the Mohicans.

The second grant from the Mohican chief, was to James Fitch and
Capt. John Mason, and was deeded to them in 1702. This, at the
time it was deeded, lay north of the limits of Norwich, and south of
the 5 mile grant.

This John Mason was a grandson of the Deputy Governor. His
father died of a wound received in King Phillip's war; and this
James Fitch was the son of the first minister of Norwich, the Rev.
James Fitch, who labored as a missionary among the Mohegans and
gathered a little congregation, some of whom he believed truly con-
verted, Phillip's war seems to have scattered this little circle of
praying Indians. He died in 1702 at the house of his son, who
lived in Lebanon, and was buried in the old burying ground. He
married a daughter of the Deputy Governor, John Mason. He was
a large-hearted and good man, and glad should I be if his descen-
dants will re-build his weather and time-worn monument.

The Mason family of Lebanon, are the descendants of Daniel,
the third son of the Deputy Governor, whose son Daniel, jr., born
in Roxbury, and baptized by the Indian apostle, Elliot, lived and
died in Lebanon. His widow afterwards married a man by the

6 HISTORICAL SERMON.

name of Brainard of Haddam, and became the mother of the de-
voted David Brainard.

The deed conveying land to Dewey and Clark is dated 1700, and
embraced, as I suppose, what is now Columbia, and probabl}^ a small
adjoining strip of Lebanon. Wm. Clark was from Norwich. I
know of but one family of his descendants, and that one resides in
Columbia. Josiah Dewey was from Northampton ; the late Esquire
J)ewey was a descendant, and the present occupant of the house and
farm is the hfth in descent from him.

The fourth property consisted of a small strip of land called
"the Gore " l^'ing between the five mile purchase and the bounds of
Windham.

Lebanon, was so called by the General Court in 1697. In 1700,
these several purchases were united and the town was incorporated
by act of the General Court. In 1705, it sent to the General Court
its first representative, viz., William Clark, to the spring session,
and Samuel Huntington to the fall session.

Wm. Clark was associated with Josiah Dewey in one of the
purchases of land from Owaneco. Samuel Huntington is the first
of the name I have met with on record. The land which he first
occupied, lay part in the five mile and part in the one mile purchase.
As individuals held land by purchase of the Mohican chief, I infer
that there were some inhabitants here before the five mile purchase
was made, in KiO'i. In 1695 there were thirty-two heads of families
who had taken homelots on the five mile purchase, most, if not all
of which lay, as I suppose on this street.

New" England had, at this time, passed through its darkest days,
its severest struggle with the natives of the country ; for King
Phillil» had lain among the dead twenty-five yeax-s. But yet all fear

HISTORICAL SEKMOX. /

of these first enemies of the Eiiolish liad not suhsided. Ti'adition
states that a lou' fort stood near where tlie house of Judge Pettis
now stands, into which tlie i)eople retired at niglit. I suspect that
the danger arose from the war between a rebel clan and the JVIohi-
cans, as al)out tliis time we learn upon tlie same authority, tliat a
company [of Indians] finding ii Alohegan child in the Brewster
family, living where the Misses Brewster now live, dashed its biains
out against the garden wall, while they offered no injury to the other
inmates of the family.

Another log fort stood where Kev. Mr. Miner now lives, and the
well used by the fort is the one still in use.

I find this part of the town called, as early as 1703, sometimes the
South Society and sometimes the First Society ; and what is now
called "the village," is so called as eai'ly as 1703. It received this
name of village from the fact that its first settlers intended to build
there a house of worship for themselves.

The first settlers of the southern part of the five mile grant, early
established the public worship of God. For the convenience of at-
tendin«>: public worship, and sustaining schools, the land on the
street was divided into homelots, as the called them, of forty-two
acres each. If a man wanted more land, it was to be back from
these. This division brouglit the houses within a convenient dis-
tance of the place of worship. As early as 1(J!)7 a lot was reserved
for the minister who should settle in Lebanon, which in IH)'1, was
given and granted to the first minister of the town and to his heirs,
by Capt. Samuel Mason and Capt. Brewster, two of the original
proprietors of the five mile purchase. This lot was the one on
which the houses of Mr. Lyman and Deacon Asher L. Smith now
stand; for I find an arrangement between the town and the first

HISTORICAL SERMON.

minister, Rev. Mr. Parsons, in reference to a road to the mill,
opened through his homelot. This mill was built, not by the first
minister, as I stated last year, but by his father, Joseph Parsons of
Norwich, [Xorthampton] ; and, as an encouragement to build it, the
town gave him one hundred and twenty acres of land, provided he
maintained it ten years. In 1700, a committee was appointed to
take a view of the front part of the ministers' lot and see what was
needed to advance the front of the lot, for convenience of the set-
ting up of the ministers' house. This was the first parsonage, and
it stood in the lower end of [now] Deacon Smith's garden.

One Richard Lyman had liberty this year to improve the minis-
ters' lot, and to have, for his labor, what he might obtain from it.

Having thus provided a parsonage, and cleared the land around,
they began to inquire for a minister.

In July, 1699, they invited Mr. Joseph Parsons, of Northampton,
to settle with them. Nov. 27, 1700, a church was organized and
Mr. Parsons ordained its' pastor. The first year the society gave
him forty pounds ; the seventh year they gave him ninety pounds,
increasing it the intervening years. The following are the names of
the nine persons embodied in church order, viz., Josiah Dewey,
William Holton, Jedediah Strorig, John Hutchinson, Micah Mudge,
Thomas Hunt, John Baldwin, William Clark and John Calkins, all
of whom occupied, at that time, homelots, or lived on this street,
though some of them afterwai'ds removed to a great distance.

It will be pleasant to know more of these men, who, amid all the
embarrasments of a new country, and so early in the settlement of
the town, assumed the obligations of church membership, and went
forward in the settlement of a pastor. They could have been no
ordinary men in perseverance, zeal and faith.

HIS r(»iM( Ai, si'.r.Mox. 9

Strong, Ilolton, Dewey, Hutchinson, (and perhaps otliers) were
from NonJianipton, Mass. Strong was killed in a skirmish with the
Indians near Albany about ITii'i [Oct. 12, 1709].

Baldwin, Clark and Calkins were from Norwich. Dewey and
Clark were proprietors of the northwestern part of tlie town.
Dewey and Baldwin seem to have been chosen deacons. Williaiii
Clark was associated with Samuel Huntington, in the lirst represen-
tation of I he town at the General Court. The first members of the
cliurch seem for many years to have been prominent, public spirited
men, to whom the town committed much of its business. To the
Ilolton family we are indebted for the " Ilolton Sweeting" apple.

The Rev. Joseph Parsons was the son of Joseph Parsons and
Elizabeth Strong of Northampton. He was born in 1071, and
graduated at Harvard University in 1097. He remained the pastor
of this church till 1708, when he was dismissed, and he was again
settled in Salisbury, Mass., where he died in 1739, aged 08. He
had four sons and one daughter, of whom, John, died wliile a mem-
ber of llaj'vard College. Joseph, who was born in Lebanon, was
ordained in Bradford, Mass., in 1720. He was the father of the
Rev. Joseph Parsons, pastor of tlie church in West Brooklield in
1759. Samuel and William settled over churches in New Hamp-
shire. Elizabeth, who was l)orn in this town, married a clergyman.
To this Joseph Parsons, who married Elizabeth Strong, the Parsons
family, now so widely scattered, and so well known, look, as their
conunon ancestor. Mr. Parsons left no record of his ministry, ex-
cept the names of those wlio united with tlie church, and of tlie
chihlren who were ba]»tized. It was left to those who were in full
communif'n in other (^lurches, among the lirst settlers, to call Mr.
Parsons.

10 IIISTORICAI, SERMON.

Wliere the people first met for worship, before 1700, it is impos-
sible to learn ; probably at some private house. In the next month
after the settlement of a pastor, they fixed upon a spot on which to
place a meeting-house, which was a little south of the house in
which we are now assembled ; probably in a line with the old
brick schoolhouse. Here it was to stand for fifty years. It was
to be thirty-six feet in length, twenty-six in width, and sixteen be-
tween joints. It had a gallery, and was finished in 1706.

In 1712, it was enlarged twenty-six feet in width, and the next
year was plastered and whitewashed, and a new pulpit was put into
it. In 1718, a bell was procured.

In 1701, Mr. Parsons, the pastor, proposed to the town, that in-
stead of the meeting house which the}' had voted to build, they
should build a barn, 28 feet in length and 21 in width, upon his
horaelot ; the society to have the use of it for six years, as a place
of worship, when he would give the town the worth of it, and
would likewise give ten pounds out of his salary towards building
it ; provided that they would build a fashional)le meeting house.
The town voted to accept the offer, and doubtless worshipped in
that till the fashionable house was completed.

In 1714, the meeting house was seated by a committee, who were
directed to do it, according to the estates of the people.

The first pew next the pulpit was to be the highest seat, the sec-
ond pew and fore seat were to be equal, and the third pew and
second seat equal. We thus see the reason why the first seat on
the right of the pulpit is, still in New England, given to the minis-
ters family.

The settlers on the one mile district, [purchase] wished, for con-
venience of worship, to be joined to the five mile purchase. They

tUSTOIMCAL SKUMON.

11

wore unitt'd on tliis condition, that tlie nit'cling honsc should be
placed in the center of the two tracts, running north and south ;
and at this center it was built.

The people living in the northern i)art of the town also wished to
associate with the south society in [)ublic worship, and were allowed
to on this express condition, that they would make no attempt to
remove the already established place of worship.

In 1708, Mr. l*arsons was dismissed, and for three years the
church remained destitute. The same year they called Mr. Samuel
Whittlesey of Saybrook, and in 1700 they also called the Kev.
Oxenbridge Thatcher, both of whom declined the call. In 1710,
W^they invited Mr. Samuel Welles, (a native of Glastenbury, and
grandson of (Governor Welles,) who was ordained in 1711. They
gave one hundred pounds settlement, and ninety jjounds as his
yearly salary.

Mr. Welles remained the pastor of this church until 17"22, when,
at his own request, he was dismissed. The reasons assigned by him,
to the church and society, for this retpiest, were his own ill health,
and the absence of his family in IJoston, the native jjlace of his
wife.

Of Mr. Welles, we can know but little; his ministry was a brief
one, and the record left by him is almost nothing. Among the
church notes recorded, is this, that John Bull be on probation for
the oflice of deacon.

By Mr. Welles, the half-way covenant was, in 1715, introduced
into this clmrch — a practice which seems almost as strange to us, as
it was disastrous to tlie churches of New England.

Mr, Welles built and occupied the house now occupied by JMr.
David Woodworth, the frame of which must have been standing

12 nisTORr(;Ai. skkmon.

about one hundred and thirty years. An anecdote handed down by
tradition would lead us to fear, that with him, as with certain whom
the apostle James mentions, gold rings and good ap^^arel had far too
much influence. The father of Gov. Trumbull sometimes visited
Boston, as a drover. On one occasion, Mr. Welles seemed shy of
his former parishioner, as if ashamed of his homespun dress and
plain appearance. When Mr. Welles next visited Lebanon he called
on Mr. Trumbull, Avho declined shaking hands with him, remarking
"if you don't know me in Boston, I don't know you in Lebanon."

By the [same] council which dismissed Mr. Welles, Mr. Soloman
Williams, a native of Hatfield, Mass, was ordained. The society
voted to give him, as a salary, one hundred and twenty jjounds
yearly for ten years, in public bills of credit, or in provisions ; and
at the end of ten years, to give him one hundred pounds in bills of
credit, or in provisions, according to the value of bills of credit at
the time of his settlement.

It was soon seen that their present house of worship was too small
to accomodate the growing population, and the very next year after
the settlement of Mr. Williams, they began to agitate the question
of a new meeting house. The building of a house of worship is
even now felt to be a great undertaking ; what then must it have
been one hundred and twenty-five years ago, by a society recently
formed composed of members brought together from various places,
and surrounded by all the embarassments of a new settlement.

In prosecuting the work, our fathers met with many obstructions.
" The Crank," as it was then called, now Columbia, had become a
society by itself in 1716, and had its own minister, so that no aid
could be expected from them. The families living in the western
and southwestern part of the town expected sometime before long

HIS TOIMrAr. SICRMOX.

13

to l)t,'fonu' a (lisliiu't parisli. It was natural that tliey should opi)ose
the buildino' of a new meeting house ; or at least decline being
taxed for a house so remote from them, and the accomodations of
which they hoped not long to need. They therefore took this oc-
casion to request to he set off by themselves.

In the first society there was a difference of opinion in regard to
this division. Some felt that the request was a proper one, and
should be at once granted ; others felt, that as these families had
aided in the settlement of Mr, Williams, they should, for a while
longer, at least, aid supporting him. To go now, they feared would
be ruinous, interrupting the efforts to build a new house, and leav-
inir themselves too feeble to sustain the institutions of religion.

The question was at length referred to the General Court, and
though the committee appointed by the Court to examine the cir-
cumstances of the society decided against a division, they were set
off, as a new society in 1727, two years after the vote to build a new
house in this society, and to have a minister of their own.

From the first settlement of the tOAvn, it seems to have been suji-
posed that another parish would be formed north of this, and a
place of worship built in " the village." It was because of this ex-
pectation that the families there living named that street "the vil-
lage." It was to be supposed that they would object to being taxed
for a house so remote from them, and which they hoped soon to
have no occasion to use. To quiet their feelings and preserve
peace, the first society, in the spirit of justice, voted at a society
meeting, that as soon as the list of the society should amount to a
certain sum, a society should be set off in the north part of the
town, provided the General Court allowed thereof, and that what-
ever the families livini; there should give towards the new meeting

14 iiisToiiicAL SRi;>r(ix.

house, then building, should be paid back again. A committee was
appointed to lay this vote before the General Court, at its next ses-
sion, and request them to enact in such form as to oblige the money
to be paid back to them. The General Court directed the list, on
wliich this new meeting house was made, to be kept among the
records of the society, to enable the society to carry out their vote.

In 1781 the southern line of the North Society was run, and the
South Society again promised to pay back whatever the families
living north of this line should pay toward the new house ; pro-
vided they were made a society by the General Court within
eighteen years.

These votes seem to have satisfied the families of that part of the
town, as well thej- might, and the new meetmg house was soon com-
pleted. I will add here, that in 1741, the South Society voted to al-
low the people living in the North Society their ministerial rates,
the four or five months of cold weather and bad travelling, to sup-
j^ort preaching among themselves. The next year also, thej' allowed
the village i)eople thirty pounds to procure lay preaching among
themselves during the winter. How often this was done I do not
know ; in looking through the old records my eye fell upon these
two votes.

I cannot help remarking, how different, doubtless, would have
been all that part of the town, had the wise and good pur])ose of its
first settlers been fulfilled, and a meeting house had been placed in
the village, so that the families who lived there could have enjoyed,
from the beginning of the town, the pastoral care and society of an
educated and pious minister.

Nor can I refrain from remarking that the quarrel which arose
near the close of the century, about the location of the meeting-

II I STORK A I, SKIIMON.

15

house, would liave been prevented, with all its alllictive consequences
to individual families, and to the town, had the men who took the
lead in it informed themselves of the facts which I have just stated.
It was in this quarrel, as in many others ; they were too much ex-
cited to stop to inquire into the facts, or to admit that they could be
wrong.

In 1733, a committee was appointed to seat the people in the new
meetinghouse according to their age and estate. At the same so-
ciety meeting it was voted that they would separate and set apart
the new meeting house, wholly, only and entirely for the divine ser-
vices and the public worship of God, from time to time forever, and
for no other use. This new meeting house, opened for worship in
1733, stood where the brick one now stands. It was sixty feet in
length, forty-six feet in width, and twenty-six feet between joints.

Large as it was, it was tilled every Sabbath. To obtain a good
seat in the gallery it is said to have been necessary to be early
in the house.

It had a steeple, and was furnished with a bell weighing five hun-
dred and thirty-five pounds. In September, 1701, a larger l)ell
weighing nine hundred and fifty-nine pounds was procured. It re •
mained the place of worship seventy-one years.

In 173G, the society appointed a committee to fix the places in tiie
highway where particular persons might build them horse sheds or
stables and small Sabbath-day houses. It would be well if more of
this shed building spirit, for the comfort of our horses, had survived
to our day. There would then have been fewer appeals to the com-
passion of the merciful man, from animals, exposed during the Sab-
bath to the wind and storm.

Dr. Williams, the pastor of this church from ll'l'l to 177<), was a

l(i IIISTOIIICAL SKKMO.V.

man much esteemed in liis dny as a writer, a theologian and a
christian. He published some occasional sermons, and two or more
pamphlets in support and explanation of the half-way covenant, in
reply to President Edwards. He was a graduate of Harvard, and
received his doctorate from that institution.

Among his parishioners were men of great worth and high politi-
cal standing, whose patriotism he encouraged, and in whose political
sympathies he warmly shared.

The last thing recorded in the society's books of this venerable
and good man is a request that five pounds out of his last year's
salary be given toward the public expense in defence of our rights
and properties, though, he adds, "there is no tax now collecting on
account of expense."

How far Dr. Williams sympathized with the Armenians of his
day, I am not able to decide. That he did so, to some extent, I in-
fer from his views of the ordinances regarding baptism and the
Lord's supper, as means of regeneration, to be used by the impen-
itent. He administered baptism to adults, without requiring faith in
them, and received all to the communion who offered themselves,
without a relation of their experience, provided, — to use the lan-
guage of the recorded vote — " they be of sound knowledge in re-
ligion, and a conversation free from scandal." Views so unscriptural
would now be tolerated in no evangelical church of our order. A
church filled up in this way would have little sympathy with spiritual
religion. In such a church, disci})line would be impossible. With
this i)ractice before us we need not wonder at some of the scenes
through which this church has passed. The creed of the church
shows that the doctrine of the new birth has always been leceived
by it as an imjjortant truth. ]iut the practice of which I have just

HISTORICAL SERMOX. 17

spoken, as opening the waj'^ for disorder in the church, and the ex-
istence of other sects, is based on the supposition that this new
birth is not an ascertainable change, but a gradual and imperceptible
one.

The ministry of Dr. Williams was exercised during a period in
which much good and much evil appeared. Whiteiield made his
appearance, and was used by God in waking up the churches to new
life and greater spirituality. Nothing left to the guidance of men,
however wise and good, is free from error.

In this great and extensive revival, evils found their way. Dav-
enport started upon his career of ruin kindling fires, which, if now
extinct, have left the ground barren over wliich they passed.

New London and Windham Counties were the scenes of most
disorder. Here the separatists gathered most societies. The posi-
tion which we occupy, enables us to take a more correct view of the
origin of these new societies, all of wliich have, under the name of
"new lights " or " separatists," passed away, than could betaken by
cotemporaries.

It was the half-way covenant — the practice of receiving uncon-
verted men into the church, and the error which makes regener-
ation, an unascertainable change. It opened the door for all the
sad and long living evils which attended the great and glorious
revival of that generation.

I have no evidence that Dr. Williams ever saw this, but he used
his influence to bring back the wanderers, and arrest the evils of
their course. i)aven})ort acknowledged him as one of the instru-
ments used by God in reclaiming him from his errors.

In 1747, this church did, by vote, withdraw from the several
bodies of sepai'atists, as disorderly walkers, as a testimon}', to use

18 HISTORICAL SERMON.

the language of the records, " which we look upon ourselves called
to give to the honor of Christ."

Whitefield, I believe, did not visit Lebanon ; but the pastor of
this church was a sincere friend of the revival which followed his
labors. He sent in his attestation to the reality and glory of this
work of God, to the friends of the revival, who met in council at
Boston in 1743. After listening to a discourse before the General
Court of Connecticut, in which the preacher gave utterance to his
hostility to the revival, and invoked the artillery of heaven against
its promoters, Dr. Williams said, to express his disapproval of it,
that he never before saw the artillery of heaven turned against it-
self.

In 1742, the General Court forbade, under heavy penalties and
forfeitures, any minister from preaching in any parish but his own,
without an express invitation from the pastor of the parish. This
church, the very next month after the passage of this act, voted
unanimously as follows : " It is our express and hearty desire, that
the pastor will, at any and all times, as he shall have opportunity,
and as he shall judge most tit, and likely to promote the interests of
religion, desire the assistance of any regular orthodox minister of
the gospel, or regular licensed candidate, either belonging to this
colony, or any foreign parts, to preach in this parish, or perform any
service of the ministi'y."

" Of foreign parts," refers to Whitefield, and in the absence of
the pastor, the deacons were requested to do the same. In this
vote we see, I think, disapprobation of the Act of the General
Court, as infringing on religious liberty, and a warm sympathy with
the work of God, then in progress in the land.

It is difficult for us to see how this sympathy with the revival men

HISTORICAL SERMON. 19

of that day is to be reconciled with the half-way covenant so earn-
estly defended by Dr. Williams, and so long })racticed by this
church, or with the practice of bringing unconverted men into the
church, that the seals of the covenant might be the means of their
conversion. But, with the evidence before us, we cannot doubt that
Dr. Williams and this church looked with a truly friendly eye upon
the revival ; and if they opposed the separatist as they did, and as
they should have done, it was because of the pernicious errors which
these blundering and ignorant, yet conscientious men, mingled with
the truth which they advocated.

In 1772, Dr. Williams preached his half-century sermon, and in
the winter of 1776 closed his earthly labors, and entered, we doubt
not, upon his reward. We have among us, here and there one, yet
lingering on their wa}', who can recall his personal appearance, and
we find his name cherished with warm love in the hearts of man}' a
child and grandchild of those who knew and loved him, as a pastor.

The church and society remained destitute of a pastor for si.v
years. Among the candidates who j^reached here, and who received
a call to settle, were Mr. Solomon Williams, a nephew of the de-
ceased, Mr. Nathan Fenn, and Mr. Walter Lyon. To Mr. Wil-
liams and Mr. Fenn, they gave each a second invitation.

Related, as Mr. Williams was, to their revered pastor, it was nat-
ural that many on this account should warmly advocate his settle-
ment. But others had their objections, so that he at length with-
drew the affirmative answer, which he at first gave to the call to
settle.

JNlr. Fenn, if I was to judge from the votes of the society, and
from the recollections of some among us, awakened a deeper and
more extensive interest than Mr. Williams. He was a different

20 HISTORICAL SERMON".

preacher, more earnest in manner and less ornate in style than Mr.
Williams. On a division of the house, one hundred and twenty-
nine voted for his settlement, nineteen against it, yet he declined
the several calls. Some objected on the ground that they did not
wish to be scared into heaven, and these objectors were found in the
families of influence about the church.

Mr. Fenn, I infer, had no sympathy with the half-way covenant.
He felt, too, that those should not be admitted into the church who
did not give evidence of personal piety. This would lead the spe-
cial friends of Dr. Williams to feel coolly toward him, while he
doubtless saw, in a church so gathered, the materials of future dis-
order and the necessity of discipline that might rend the church in
pieces.

In November, 1781, the society invited Mr. Zebulon Ely to settle
here in the ministry, and November, 1782, Mr. Ely was ordained
over this church. Mr. Ely was a native of Lyme in this State. He
continued the pastor of this church till his death in 1824. He was
a man of sound mind, and of evangelical views. Of the ordi-
nances of religion he had different views from Dr. Williams, and
we no longer hear of the half-way covenant. Whether it was laid
aside by the vote of the church after using it ninety years, or
whether by common consent it fell into disuse, I am unable to say.
A portion of the church was always opposed to it. Mr. Ely evi-
dently regarded personal }»iety, repentance towards God, and faith
in the Lord Jesus as essential qualifications for church membership.

Individuals, however, during the early part of his ministry, were
admitted into the church, who did not at the time profess repentance
and faith, but simply a desire to flee from the wrath to come ; and
he received thorn witli the full understanding, that they would not

HISTOKICAL SERMON. 21

come to the communion at present, but wlien tlioy felt (lualifled, to
come. In this thing the church probably controlled him.

Mr. Ely remained pastor of this church forly-two years. He
died November 18, 1824. The last discourse which he delivered
from this desk, was from the words, " Jesus saitli unto him, I am
the way, the truth and the life ; no man cometh unto the Father,
but by me," and fit words were these with which to close a ministry
in which Christ had been lield forth as the true teacher, as the Great
Saviour, and as God, manifest in the tlesh. I know not what more
appropriate words he could have found for the te.vt of that last
sermon.

Mr. El}-, to quote from his funeral sermon, was a man of learn-
ing, a good, classical scholar, and what was more estimable, he ap-
peared to be a man of ardent piety. lie had a sound mind, and
was active and influential in the counsels of the church.

I tind no record of any extensive revivals of religion durino- tjie
long period, a century and a quarter, over which we have ti-avelled,
l)ut yet such seasons of mercy were enjoyed l)y this church as is
evident from the fact that during some years many more united
with the church than during other years. In 1741, ninety six per-
sons were received into full communion. In a sermon preached in
1741, Dr. Williams speaks of the great and glorious work which
God was carrying on in this land. He speaks of meetings of gi-eat
interest and of many conversions. Miss Mitty Dewey used to
speak of a revival in the early part of Mr. Ely's ministi-y in which
lie was very active in attending religious meetings, sometimes preach-
ing in the open air, when the house could not contain all who were
interested to hear.

Near the close of the life of Mr. Ely, there was a season of much

22 HISTORICAL SERMON.

religious interest, during which many were converted, as they hoped,
and about seventy united with the church, some of whom have in
cheerful hope fallen asleep, and others are still members of this
church.

At the time of his settlement, this was one of the largest and
most united societies in the State. I have heard Dr. McEwen say
that it was the second only to the first church in Hartford. But
during Mr. Ely's ministry occurred the unhappy quarrel in regard
to the meeting-house, to which I have already alluded — a quarrel
which left mildew and death on the spiritual interests of many a
household — which separated many a family from the house of God,
and which put beyond all hope the execution of the plan of the
first settlers of the town of having a meeting-house in the village.
Few things affect the best interests of society so disastrously, as
such a quarrel.

The old meeting-house, as it is called, was removed in 1804, and
the present brick one built on the spot on which it stood, and Avas
dedicated in 1807.

After the death of Mr. Ely in 1824, the church remained without
a pastor about one year. On September 29, 1825, Mr. Edward Bull
was ordained, and was dismissed in 1837.

For three years the church was again without a pastor. Febru-
ary 5, 1840, your present pastor was here installed.

P^or a century and a half, the gospel has here been preached, and
the ordinances administered. During this long period this church
has been without a pastor only eleven years, and for more than a
century there was but one ordination. There have been six ordina-
tions in all.

The confession of faith adopted in 1700, is the one now in use.

HISTOIUCAL SERMON. 23

with a few verbal alterations. To this, its several pastors, and its
many, many members have assented, as containing the essential doc-
trines of the gospel. The covenant now in use, is longer than the
first one used ; when or by whom it was altered I cannot learn.

In 1766, Samuel Kirkland was ordained here as a missionary to
the Indians. He was the father of Dr. Kirkland, late president of
Harvard college. This missionary was instrumental of the conver-
sion of Shenandoah, the fantous Oneida chief, whose last words
were"l>uryme by the side of my minister and frieinl, that T may
go up with him at the great resurrection."

From this church went forth, Alice, the wife of David Bacon,
missionary to the Indians; sent out by the missionary society of
this town in 1800.

Of us also was Rebecca Williams, afterwards wife of Mr. Hebard,
missionary to Syria; and Charles Wetmore, now missionary and
physician at the Sandwich Islands.

I have thus given a brief sketch of the history of this church and
society. Compared with the history of states and kingdoms it is of
little interest ; yet, how important is the bearing of the events we
have reviewed, upon our character and destiny. All that is favor-
able, in the circumstances of our bii-th, to an education and moral
improvement, we owe to the efforts and sacrifices of the venerable
men who have subdued the forests, and who converted these wet
and cold marshes into fruitful fiehls.

They were men of energy, and perseverance, and firmness.
What, l)ut perseverance in duty, could have removed the original
forests from these plains and hills, and covered them with j)lenty ?
What, but firmness, could have retained them here amid the dangers
and exposures and labors of a new settlement.

24 HISTORICAL SERMON.

They were men impressed with the value of education. The
school-house went up alongside with the house of public worship.

In 1700, they appropriated two hundred acres of land for the
purpose of maintaining a school. At the same time the Rev. Mr.
Parsons gave five acres, Deacon Dewey ten, Samuel Calkins five,
Daniel Mason ten, and John Calkins ten, all for the use of schools.
This is the first notice of a school ; and it is a notice most honor-
able to the venerable men mentioned in it, and in no succeeding
year are the schools forgotten. The records of the town furnish
abundant evidence of their continued interest in the subject of edu-
cation.

In 1740, a grammar school was established by a vote of the town,
a school which in time rose to a high reputation in the state and
land, and which drew to this place the cliildren of man^^ of the first
families in the country. When there were but thirteen states in
the Union there were pupils here from nine of them.

To what else, but this early interest of our fathers in schools, can
we trace the fact that Lebanon has sent more sons to college than
any othei* country town in the state ; so that Lebanon has had a
representative in college nearly all this period. To what other in-
fluence than that started, when Parsons and Dewey and others gave
their acres for the support of the school, is it, that so many of the
sons of Lebanon have entered the different useful professions and
occuied commanding positions in society?

Without much effort we can count three lunidred and forty-five
ministers of the gospel, of our order, whose parents lived in this
town ; among whom I mention Jonathan Trumbull, Eliphalet Met-
calf, Samuel Huntington, Eliphalet Huntington, l^ynd Huntington,
Eliphalet Williams, Eliphalet Lyman, Joseph Lyman, William Ly-

HISTORICAL SERMON. 25

man, Asa Lyman, Lathrope Rockwell, Titnothy Stone and others
P^our have become members in other denominations.

Two natives of this town have been United States Senators ;
twelve, members of Congress ; fiv^, Governors ; one. Commissary
General ; one, aid to General Washington ; one, aid to (ieneral
Gates; three, distinguished painters ; five. Judges of the Supreme
Court ; one, signer of the Declaration of Independence ; one,
Speaker of the House of Representatives ; one, deputy Postmaster
General ; one colored man, who was awhile, member of Dart-
mouth College, was a preacher in Boston, and became Prime Min-
ister of St. Domingo. Twenty-eight entered the medical profes-
sion, and twenty-three, at least, entered that of the law.

Again, they were men who valued and loved the institutions of
the gospel. What, but a true and warm attachment to the institu-
tions of religion, could have led them amid the labors of a new
settlement, and when remote from any place at which they coidd
exchange the products of the farm for money, to settle a minister,
build a parsonage and a house of public worship? What, but love
of religion, could have made them so ready to endure piivations
and hardships for the sake of truth and righteousness ? What, but
religion, could inspire such care for each other, and for posterity ?
They were the very men to whom it is given to lay the foundations
and raise the superstructure of society. Had they been irresolute,
or profane, or sabbath breakers, or des{)isers of leligion, the honor
would never have been given to them of laying the foundations of
the prosperity, the hap])iness, the education, 4ind the piety, which
have ever existed in this town.

Such men, men of fixed purpose, of industry, of public spnit,
and of strong attachments to the institutions of education and re-

26 HISTORICAL SERMON.

ligion, are the men needed to settle the great west and southwest
of our country. Such men secure prosperity, while mildew and
death rest upon all the efforts of the infidel and the contemners of
religion, to build up society.

Such men are also needed to hand down what we have received
to those who are to succeed us ; and as the successors of such men,
a great responsibility rests upon us. We are the connecting link
between the past and the future, and we owe it to our fathers, to
our country, and to God, to transmit to coming generations the
means of education, the blessings of liberty, and the truths of re-
lisfion which we have received.

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