An historical sketch of the first fifty years of the Church of England in the Province of New Brunswick. (1783-1833)

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PROVINCE OF NEW BRUNSWICK.
(1783-1833-)

BY

G. HERBERT LEE, A. M.,

BA UR ISTKR-AT-LAW.

PUBLISHED AT THE REQUEST OF
THE NEW BRUNSWICK HISTORICAL SOCIETY."

7. -;) v.'j

SAINT JOHN, N. B.:

" SUN '• PUBLISHING CO., CaNTERBI'RY STREET.

1 ssn.

Entered according to Act of Parliament of Canada,

in the year 1880, by

G. HERBERT LEE,

In the Office of the Minister of Agrienlture.

PREFACE

111 the following pages an attempt has been
made to give the reader some account of "The
First Fifty Years of the Church of England in the
Province of New Brunswick." Short as is this
sketch, it has not been hastily written. More
than three years have been employed during the
intervals of professional occupation in collecting
and digesting materials, in verifying facts and
dates, and in communicating with persons who
could speak upon the subject, either from personal
or hereditary knowledge. It has been my constant
endeavour to give correct information, and to this
end I have sacrificed almost everything. The
task has been rendered somewhat difficult from the
fact that there exists very little information
respecting the early Church in New Brunswick.

Had this work been undertaken some years ago
many interesting and valuable facts now lost would
have been secured.

It was my intention to have named tho.se who
assisted me in this historical sketch, but I find
their number so large that, lest I should fail to

4 I' K K K ACE.

mention all, I must content myself with a general
expression of hearty thanks. I cannot, however,
forbear saying that, through the kindness of the
Bishop of jSTova Scotia, I have had access to several
of the early reports of the S. P. G., and that from
the late Secretary of that Society, (Mr. Bullock,)
I received very much valuable information. I
would also state that had it not been for the late
Dr. McCawley, of Halifax, N. S., a large part of
the chaptei- on Fredericton could not have been
written.

In conclusion let me express the hope that the
eye of criticism may view kindly what has been
done, and remembering the difficulties, deal lightly
with the author's style of composition.

G. Herbert Lee.
St. John, X. B., 1880.

U O N T E J^ T S .

CHAPTER I.

IXTRODUCTORV.

The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. — Thomas
Bray, D. D. — Abstract of S. P. G. Charter. — American
Church Statistics. — Difficulties of early Colonial Church.
— Etibrts to establish an in(le})en(Ient Ejiiscopate in
America. — Consecration of iJr. Samuel Scabnry in 1784.
— Consequences of the American Kevolution. — Landing
of the Loyalists at St. John, N. B Page 9

CHAPTER TI.

THE FIRST BISHOPS OF NOVA SCOTIA.

Dr. Chandler nominated first Colonial Bishop.- lie de-
clines the office.— Dr. Chas. Inglis, first Colonial Bishop.
— Consecrated in 1787.— Extent of his See.— Visit to
New Brunswick in 1792.— His death in ISlfi.— Dr.
Stanser, second Bishop.— Resigns owing to ill health.—
Dr. John Inglis, third Bishop.— Consecrated in 18'2'i.—
Divides his Diocese into four Archdeaconries. — His
death in 1850, 1<>

CHAPTER JTI.

FIRST MISSIONARY WORK IN NICW URUNSWICK.
Eev. T. Wood.— His tour among the Settlements on the
Kiver St. John in the year 17G9.— His literary works.
— His death in 1778, -^

CHAPTER IV.

RESIDENT MISSIONARIES IN NEW BRUNSWICK.

FREDERICTON.

Rev. Dr. Cooke.— Arrival at St. John, N. B., in 17S.J.—

b C U N T K N T S .

TJie first \)lac;e of worship there. — Dr. Cooke visits
Ciimpobello, St. Andrews and Digdeguash. — Keturns
to St. Jolin. — Removes to Fredericton, N. B. — Visits
8t. .John upon the death of Mr. Bisset. — Plis sudden
dentil. — Rev. Geo. Pidgeon. — Rev. Geo. J. Mountain.
— Rev. James Milne. — Rev. George Best. — Rev.
George Coster.— Rev. Dr. Jacob. --Rev. Dr. Somerville.
—Rev. Dr. McCawley, 31

CHAPTER V.

ST. JOHN.

Rev. John Beardsley. — " The Honorable and Reverend
Jonathan Odell." — Rev. Dr. Cooke. — Rev. Geo. Bisset.
— Rev. Dr. Byles. — Rev. Geo. Pidgeon. — Rev. Robt.
Willis.— Rev. Dr. B. G. Gray.— Rev. Dr. J. Wm. D.
Gray, 55

CHAPTER VI.

MAUGERVILLE.

Rev. John Sayre. — Rev. John Beardsley. — Rev. James
Bisset.— Rev. Raper Milner, 77

CHAPTER VII.

ST. ANDREWS.

Rev. Samuel Andrews. — Rev. Dr. Alley. — Rev. Henry
L. Owen. — Rev. Dr. Uniacke, 82

CHAPTER VIII.

KINGSTON.

Rev. .James Scovil. — Rev. Elias Scovil. — Rev. Wm. Elias
Scovil, 87

CHAPTER IX.

GAGETOWN.

Rev. Richard Clarke.— Rev. Samuel R. Clarke, 94

CONTENTS. 7

CHAPTER X.

WOODSTOCK.

Rev. F. Dibblee. — Rev. Alexander C. Somerville. — Rev.
Geo. Cowell. — Rev. S. D. Lee Street, 97

CHAPTER XI.

SUSSEX.
Rev. Oliver Arnold.— Rev. H. Nelson Arnold, 101

CHAPTER XII.

WESTFIELD.

Colonel Nase. — Rev. Robert Norris. — Vacancy in tlie
Parish. — Rev. Gilbert L. Wiggins. — Rev. Christopher
Milner, 104

CHAPTER XIII.

ST. STEPHEN.

Rev. Richard Clarke. — Rev. Skeffington Thomson, LL.D.
110

CHAPTER XIV.

HAMPTON.
Rev. James Cookson. — Rev. Wm. W. Walker, 112

CHAPTER XV.

MIRAMICHI.

Rev. Samnel Bacon.— Rev. Archibald Grav. — Rev. .Tames
Hudson, ". 114

CHAPTER XVI.

ST. GEORGE.
Rev. Samnel Thomson.— Rev. John McGivern, IIG

8 C N T R X T S .

CHAPTER XVII.

GRAND LAKE.
Rev. Abraham Wood, 118

CHAPTER XVIII.

WESTMORLAND COUNTY, — SACKVILLE.
Rev. .T. Eagleson. — Rev. Mr. Willougliby. — Rev. .John
I\[illidge, I) C. L. — Rev. John Burnyeat. — Rev. Chris.
Milner, 120

CHAPTER XIX.

CARLETON.
Rev. Frederick Coster 125

CHAPTER XX.

BATHURST.
Rev. Alex. C. Somerville 127

CHAPTER XXI.

SHEDIAC.
Rev. Samuel E. Arnold. — Rev. John Black. — Rev. Geo.
S. .Jarvis, D. D., 128

CHAPTER XXII.

PORTLAND.
Rev. (Jilliert L. Wiggins. — Rev. Canon Harrison 180

CHAPTER XXIII.

GRAND MANAN.
Rev. Dr. Alley visits the Island. — Rev. John Dunn. —
Rev. James Neales, 1I>1

CHAPTER XXIV.

CONCLUSION.
Statistics and other information 132

APPENDIX.

List of Clergy, Sec, 1.^5—145

AN HISTORICAL SKETCH

OF THE

4ir«t ^ifiiu |car« of the ^^"'i'^h. 4 tn^imi}

IN THE

PROVINCE OP^ NEW BRUNSWICK.

»oXXoo

CHAPTER I.

INTRODUCTORY.

The Society for the. Propagation of the Gospel. — Thomas
Bray, D. D. — Abstract of S. P. G. Charter. — American
Church Statistics.— Difficulties of early Colonial Church.
— Efforts to establish an independent Episcopate in
America.— Consecration of Dr. Samuel Seabury in 1784.
— Consequences of the American Revolution.— Landing
of the Loyalists at St. John, N. B.

./ F it must Ije admitted" (observes Mr. Haw-
kins) " that the Church of England is not
*^ rich in missionaiy annals, there can be no
difficulty in accounting for the deficiency."
'2

10 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

For many years after the Reformation oiir
Church was so much occupied in battling with
the errors of Rome and the innovations of Puri-
tanism as to have little or no opportunity for
christianizing the world. She had enough to do
to maintain her very life at home. Then followed
the Civil War which deluged the land with blood,
spread desolation far and wide, and caused the
National Church itself to be put under an inter-
dict. Then came with the Restoration the re-
bound from excessive strictness or that worldly
licentiousness which always follows religious
excitement^the hardest trial of all — but in which
our Church perished not. And at the time of the
Revolution we find as the natural consequence a
spirit of indifference to the afFaii's of religion, which
was truly lamentable. But the Church, purified by
affliction and strengthened by the trials she had
undergone, soon girded herself to the great work
of extending the blessings of the Gospel to heathen
lands. At the beginning of the eighteenth century
" The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel "
was organized " for the purpose of providing the
ministrations of religion for the British Colonies
and of bringing the surrounding heathen to a
knowledge of the trvith."

It is to Thomas Bray, D.D., that the foundation

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 11

of the Society is mainly due. Born in Shropshire,
England, in 1656, he early conceived the idea of
carrying the truths of the Gospel to England's
many colonies, factories and plantations. To effect
such a desirable object, this able and energetic
divine, in the year 1697, petitioned the House of
Commons that some of the money secured by the
alienation of lands should be appropriated for the
Propagation of the Gospel in the Colonies. In this,
however, he was unsuccessful. Another effort to
procure for his object a grant of some arrears of
taxes due to the Crown met with no better success.
At length he hit upon the plan of forming a
Voluntary Society for the Propagation of Christian
knowledge, both at home and in the Colonies.
The Bishop of London approved of and assisted in
the project ; the result being the formation of a
society in the year 1697. In May, 1701, Dr. Bray
petitioned His Majesty, King William III, for
his Royal Charter, and on 16th June, 1701, suc-
ceeded in procuring a charter under the royal seal
of King William III, constituting 96 persons the
first members of a corporate Society for the Pro-
pagation of the Gospel in Foreig^i Parts. The
following is an abstract of the Charter of the
Society : —

" King William III, of Glorious Memory, was

12 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

graciously pleased on the 16th June, 1701, to erect
and settle a Corporation with a perpetual succes-
sion by name of ' The Society for the Propagation
of the Gospel in Foreign Pai-ts ' ; for the receiving,
managing and disposing of the contributions of
such persons as would be induced to extend their
charity towards the maintenance of a Learned and
an Orthodox Clergy, and the making of such other
provision as might be necessary for the Propagatiop
of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, upon information
that in many of our Plantations, Colonies and
Factories beyond the seas, the provision for Minis-
ters was mean, and many other of our said
Plantations, Colonies and Factories were wholly
unprovided of a maintenance for Ministers and
the public worship of God; and that, for lack of
support and maintenance of such, many of his
loving subjects wanted the administration of God's
word and sacraments, and seemed to be abandoned
to Atheism and Infidelity, and others of them to
Popish Superstition and Idolatry."

Such are in general terms the aims and objects
of that noble Society, which for nearly two
centuries has been sending forth its Missionaries
to foreign lands. The Protestant Episcopal
Church in America, which dates back to the first
settlement of Virginia in 1607, owes most of its

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 13

present strength and efficiency to The Society for
the Propagation of the Gospeh It was this
Society that sustained the infant American Church
with ahnost unprecedented liberality for nearly a
century, and the American nation is novv reaping
the fruits of what others have sown. According
to statistics of last year there were in the
Protestant Episcopal Church of America, 63
Bishops and more than 3,000 Clergy, assisted by
nearly 800 Lay Readers ; 45,000 persons had been
baptized and 25,000 confirmed ; there were 320,000
communicants ; 30,000 Sunday School Teachers,
and 300,000 Sunday School Scholars, while the
contributions amounted to nearly $7,000,000.

But to glance for a moment at the trials and
difficulties under which the early Colonial Churcli
laboured. Forming, as she did, part of the
Diocese of the Bishop of London, and being thus
far removed from direct Episcopate supervision ;
possessed of no means or keeping up her ministry,
except as she received new men from England, or
sent thither across the ocean for Ordination Can-
didates for Holy Orders, at great expense and
some risk of life ; having no Court of Aj>peal in
case of a dispute ; no synodical action, and no
diocesan boundary, so .situated that no Cliurcli
'could be con.secrated and no person conJinnrd^ in

14 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

short, Episcopal only in name, and with nothing
but the Liturgy to distinguish her outwardly from
other Protestant denominations — it is scarcely to
be wondered that the Infant Church early sought
the opportunity of establishing an independent
Episcopate in America. For many years eiforts
were made to secure this desirable end. It was
not, however, until the Declaration of American
Independence (A. D. 1776) that, owing to the
consequent severance from the Diocese of the
Bishop of London, it became necessary that
the Churches throughout the country should be
combined upon some new mode of association.
Accordingly it was resolved by the American
clergy to obtain (if possible) from England the
consecration of one of their own number to the
office of Bishop. But the Church of England,
fettered by its connection with the State, was
deprived of the power of extending the Episcopate
beyond the limits of the British Dominions. The
Scottish Bishops, however, having the same spiritual
authority as their English brethren, could speedily
convey to America what had been sought in vain
from England — the gift of the Episcopate. Ac-
cordingly on Sunday, the 14th November, 1784,
Dr. Samuel Seabury was consecrated at Aberdeen,
Scotland, by Bishop Kilgour, Primus, assisted by

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 15

Bishops Petrie and Skinner, and early in the
summer of the ensuing year he returned to Con-
necticut, the iirst Bishop for the United States of
America, the first Bishop of English communion
outside the bounds of Great Britain and Ireland.
Three years later two more American Bishops
were consecrated by English Bishops at Lambeth.
Thus originated the Episcopate of the United
States of America, which now numbers more than
sixty Bishops whose missions cover the whole of
the western part of their great continent, and
reach on to meet English missions in western
Africa and Japan.

But this was not the only change consequent
upon the American Revolution. Many of the
S. P. G. missionaries, with sturdy independence
of character and ardent feeling of loyalty to Eng-
land, refused to remain in a country no longer
attached to the parent stem, and, as we shall here-
after see, removed to the Provinces of Nova Scotia
and New Brunswick. The landing of the Loyalists
at St. John, N. B., took place on 18th May, 1783,
but a large body of refugees and disbanded British
soldiers arrived in the autumn of that year.

As the Bishops of Nova Scotia exercised Epis-
copal supervision in New Bi-unswick down to the
year 1845, it will not be out of place to say some-
what of them.

16 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

CHAPTER II.

THE FIRST BISHOPS OF NOVA SCOTIA.

Dr. Chandler nominated first Colonial Bishop. — He de-
clines the ofiice. — Dr. Chas. Inglis, first Colonial Bishop.
— Consecrated in 1787. — Extent of his See. — Visit to
New Brunswick in 1792.— His death in 1816.— Dr.
Stanser, second Bishop. — Resigns owing to ill health. —
Dr. John Inglis, third Bishop. — Consecrated in 1825. —
Divides his Diocese into four Archdeaconries. — His
death in 1850.

DR. CHANDLER.

fHE first person nominated as first Colonial
Bishop of the Church of England was Thomas
Bradbury Chandler, D. D.
This eminent divine was bom in Massachusetts
on the 26th April, 1726. In 1751 he went to
England and received ordination from the Bishoji of
London, returning the same year to fill the position
of Rector of St. John's Church, Elizabethtown, N.
J. About the year 1760 the want of Bishops in
the Colonies began to be severely felt and soon
became the subject of extended discussion. In

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 17

1767 Dr. Chandler published and dedicated to the
Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, " An Appeal to
the public in behalf of the Church of England in
America, wherein the origin and nature of the
Episcopal office are briefly considered, reasons for
sending Bishops to America are assigned, the plan
on which it is proposed to send them is stated, and
the objections against sending them are obviated
and confuted."

Soon after this the American Revolution took
place. Dr. Chandler, whose sympathies were witli
the Mother Country, did all in his power to avert
it ; but, finding the current of public feeling
too strong to overcome, he left America and
went to England where he remained ten years —
from 1775 to 1785. During this time he received,
in addition to his salary of £50 stg. from the S. P.
G., an annual allowance from the British Go\'ern-
ment of £200. Sometime before leaving England
the Archbishop of Canterbury, as a token of
appreciation of Dr. Chandler's abilities and
services, appointed him first Bishop of Nova
Scotia. But, owing to ill health. Dr. Chandler
was obliged to decline the office. Upon this
the Archbishop of Canterbury wrote to him,
expressing respect for his character and his
sympathy in his affliction, begging him at the same

18 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

time to recommend for the position a suitable
person in his stead. Accordingly Dr. Inglis, who
had been Rector of Trinity Church, New York,
was appointed. Dr. Chandler returned to America
in 1785, and for five years held the position of
Rector of his old post in Elizabethtown, N. J.
But the impaired state of his health precluded him
from discharging his official duties with vigour and
regularity. He died on the 17th June, 1790,
aged 64 years. His youngest daughter married
Bishop Hobart, one of the great lights of the
American Episcopal Church.

THE RIGHT REVEREND CHARLES INGLIS, D. D.

Dr. Inglis was the third son of the Rev. Archi-
bald Inglis, of Glen and Kilcarr, in Ireland, where
he was born in the year 1734. It is worthy of
note that his father, grandfather and great-grand-
father were ministers of the Established Church.

As his father had a numerous family, and quite
a limited income, he (the son) left Ireland for
America at an early period of his life, and, on his
arrival there engaged in teaching a school. He
had charge of the Free School in Lancaster, Penn-
sylvania, previous to the year 1759. Having
honourably acquitted himself in this employment,
and become favourably known to the Episcopal

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 19

Clergy in the neighbourhood, he was eiicom-aged
to devote himself to the ministry ; and accordingly,
he repaired to England and was admitted to Holy
Orders by the Bishop of London. The Society for
the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts
immediately appointed him as their Missionary at
Dover, in the Province of Delaware, on a salary
of £50.

After a long and stormy passage, he reached
the place of his destination, and commenced his
labour in July, 1759. His Missionary field
embraced the whole County of Kent, thirty-three
miles in length and ten in breadth, with a popula-
tion of seven thousand, about one third of which
belonged to the Church of England. Tliere were
three Churches of which he had the charge, be.side
the one at Dover ; and they were severally fourteen,
seventeen and eighteen miles from his residence.
The Church at Dover was in an exceedingly de-
pressed condition ; but it was .soon to a great extent
renovated by means of his energetic ministry.

There he remained until 17G4, when he was
appointed Assistant to the Rector of Trinity
Church, New York, and Catechist to the negroes,
entering upon the discharge of these duties in Dec,
1765. In 1767 the honourary degree of B.A. wa.t
conferred upon him by King's College in th.; City

20 THE CHURCH OP ENGLAND

of I^ew York, and a few years later that of M. A,
by the University of Oxford. In the year 1778
the same University conferred upon him the degree
of D. D.

In 1777 he was chosen Rector of Trinity Church,
New York, and in 1783 he removed with his
family to Halifax, N. S. Such a step was both
expedient and necessary, as Dr. Inglis had, during
the progress of the American Revolution, shown
himself such a zealous supporter and advocate of
the British that his comfort, if not his safety,
demanded his departure.

In 1787 he was appointed Bishop of Nova
Scotia, with ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the
Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, New
Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Bermuda and
the Island of Newfoundland ; in short, his See was
the whole of British North America, from the
Atlantic to the Pacific, until, in 1793, the Diocese
of Quebec was formed, and the Bishop of Nova
Scotia limited to the Maritime Provinces. He
was consecrated at Lambeth on Sunday, the 12th
of August, 1787, by the Archbishop of Canterbury,
assisted by the Bishops of Rochester and Chester,
and arrived at Halifax, 16th October, 1787, the
first Colonial Bishop of the Church of England.
In 1809 he was appointed a member of the Pro-
vincial Council.

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 21

Faithful in the discharge of his new duties, he
seldom left his Diocese, and when he did so, it was
to visit Canada and New Brunswick in his Epis-
copal capacity.

In the summer of 1792 Bishop Inglis made his
second visit to New Brunswick and reported most
favourably thereon to the Society at home, stating,
among other things, that the dilligent and exem-
plary conduct of their Missionaries had made them
much respected and esteemed by their people ;
that their congregations were flourishing, their
communicants increasing, and that several churches
were being raised, and applications made for new
missions. Upon his arrival at Fredericton in
July, 1792, the Bishop immediately set about
the disposing and arranging of several matters,
in which he was ably assisted by Governor
Carleton, who did all in his power, both by preceiit
and example, to advance the interests of religion.
Among other things, several mistakes in the laying
out of Glebe Lands were rectified, and INIr. Price's
mission of Nashwaak (opposite Fredericton) clearly
settled and defined. Coming down the River St.
John, Bishop Inglis consecrated four new Clun-ches
and confirmed no less than 777 persons. At
Kingston he received a petition for a minister
from Captain Spraggc, of BcUisle, signed by 1 12

22 THE CIIUKCII OF ENGLAND

inhabitants, a Churcli having been built by them
at their own expense. All. however, the Bishop
could do then was to request Mr. Scovil to visit
them occasionally. The Bishop visited Sussex
Vale, where the people petitioned for Mr. Arnold
as their Missionary ;— their request was complied
with. The Indian schools at Woodstock and
Sussex Vale were inspected by him and were
found in a satisfactory state. In 1798 the Bishop
again held a visitation at Fredericton, and visited
a school established there for the black people,
under the direction of Mr. Pidgeon, the Rector,
a;tid obtained from the Association of Dr. Bray
an allowance of ten shillings a year for the educa-
tion of each black child.

Bishop Inglis died at Halifax on Saturday, 24th
February, 1816, in the 82nd year of his age, the
58th of his ministry and the 29th of his conse-
cration. He was buried under the chancel of
St. Paul's Church, Halifax, on Thursday, 29th
February. His son, John, afterwards became
Bishop of Nova Scotia. His eldest daughter
married the Hon. Brenton Halliburton, Chief
Justice of Nova Scotia ; his youngest, the Rev.
George Pidgeon, who was for many years Rector
of Fredericton, and afterwards of St. John, in
New Brunswick.

IN NEW UUUNSWICK. 23

THE RIGHT REVEREND ROBERT STANSER, D. D.

Dr. Stanser, the second Bishop of Nova Scotia,
had, previous to the death of Bishop IngUs, liekl
the position of Rector of St. Paul's Churcli, Halifax.
He was also Chaplain of the House of Assembly.
When Bishop Inglis died the House was in session,
and it was unanimously resolved that the British
Government be recommended to appoint Dr.
Stanser his successor. He was accordingly aj)-
pointed on 6th May, 1816, and consecrated in
England. The health, however, of the new Bishop
proved so delicate that, after holding his first
visitation and ordaining with extreme difficulty,
he returned to England for the winter months.
Year after year was spent in the vain hope of his
recovery. He saw his Diocese no more. In 1824
he resigned the Bishopric of Nova Scotia.

The Society at home, in consideration of his
ministerial work for more than thirty years, allowed
him a pension of £250, which he held until his
death, a few years afterwards.

THE RIGHT REVEREND JOHN INGLIS, D. D.

Dr. John Inglis was the third Bi.shop of Nova
Scotia and son of its lirst. He was born at New
York on 9th December, 1777. During the brief
period that Dr. Stanser held the office of Bishop,

24 THE CHURCH OP ENGLAND

Di-. Iiiglis was Rector of St. Paul's Church, Halifax,
and Ecclesiastical Commissary.

Upon the resignation of Dr. Stanser in 1824, he
was appointed his successor, and consecrated in
London in 1825, returning to Halifax in the
autumn of that year. The new Bishop immediately
divided his Diocese into four Archdeaconries. The
Hev. Dr. Willis was appointed Archdeacon of Nova
Scotia and Rector of St. Paul's, Halifax ; the Rev,
George Best, Archdeacon of New Brunswick ; the
Rev. A. G. Spencer, Archdeacon of Bermuda, and
the Rev. George Coster, Archdeacon of Newfound-
land. Dr. Inglis visited New Brunswick for the
first time in 1826, upon which occasion he conse-
crated the Stone Church in St. John. Within
his Diocese during this year he confirmed 4,367
persons and consecrated 44 Churches.

His visits to this Province took place, as a rule,
every three years. He paid his last visit in 1840,
when he consecrated St. Luke's Church, Portland,
which was destroyed by fire on 28th May, 1875.
Major-General Sir John Eardley-Wilmot Inglis,
K. C. B., whose name is linked with the glorious
defence of Lucknow in the East, was his son.
Bishop Inglis died in London, 27tli October, 1850,
in the 73rd year of his age, the 50th of his ministry
and the 26th of his Episcopate.

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 25

In St. Paul's Church, Halifax, N. S., may be
seen a monument erected to his memory, and also
to the memory of his father, with the following
inscriptions : —

Sacred to the memory of

The Right Eeveeend and Honoukable

Charles Inglis, D. D.,

third son of the Eev. Archibakl Inglis, of Glen and

Kilcarr, in Ireland,

Bishop of Nova Scotia and its dependencies,

whose Sound Learning and Fervent Piety,

directed by Zeal according to Knowledge,

and supported by Fortitude, unshaken amidst peculiar

trials, eminently qualified him for the

arduous labours of the

First Bishop

appointed to a Britisli Cplouy.

This stone is raised by filial Duty and Afi'ection,

In grateful remembrance of every

Private Virtue

That could endear a Father and a Friend.

Of the Ability, Fidelity and Success with which

He was enabled, by the Divine l)lessing, to discharge

all his Public Duties,

The general Prosperity of the Church in his Diocese,

the Increase of his Clergy and the Provision

for their Support,

The Establishment of a Chartered College,

and the Erection of more than twenty new Churches,

are the best monument.

Obiit anno Sahitis 1816, fftatis 82.

3

26 the church of england

The Eight Reverend John Inglis, D. D.,

by whom the above monument was erected,

has followed his Pious Parent to the Grave,

the Inheritor of his Virtues and of his Zeal,

In the cause of his Divine Master,

after a faithful service of many years

as Rector of this Parish.

He was consecrated in the year of our Lord 1825,

Bishop of the Diocese.

Endued with Talents of a high order,

He zealously Devoted his whole Life

To the diligent discharge of his Sacred Duties,

as a Minister of the Gospel of Christ.

He died on the 27th of October, A. D. 1850,

In the seventy-third year of his age,

and in the twenty-sixth of his Episcopate.

In erecting this Monument

to their lamented Pastor and Bishop,

The members of the Church have the melancholy

satisfaction

of uniting it with that

on which he himself so feelingly recorded

The Virtues of his Father.

IN NEW BRUNSWICK.

CHAPTER III.

FIRST MISSIONARY WORK IN NEW BRUNSWICK.

Rev. T. Wood.— His tour among the Settlements on the
River St. John in the year 1769. — His literary works.
—His death in 1778.

ft

fHE first account of any Missionary work in
this Province is given by the Evev. T. Wood,
S. P. G. Missionaiy at New Jersey, U. S.,
and afterward at Annapolis, N. S. In the year
1769, when New Brunswick was part of Nova
Scotia, being called "The County of Sunbury,"
Mr. Wood made, at the request of the Governor
of Nova Scotia, a missionary tour among the
settlements along the St. John Iliver. It
must be remembered that at this time — fourteen
years before the landing of the Loyalists— there
were but few English in the Province, the popu-
lation consisting for the most part of French aiul
Indians. In a letter addressed by Mr. Wood to
the S. P. G., an interesting account is given of his
visit. He says that he proceeded uj) the; llivor

28 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

;

St. John to the Indian Village of Okpaak, the
farthest settlement. This settlement was situated
on the right bank of the River St. John, six
miles above Fredericton, N. B., and opposite
Savage Island.

On 1st July, 1769, he arrived at St. John
Harbour. On the following day (Sunday) Mr.
Wood performed divine service there in English
in the forenoon and baptized four English children.
In the afternoon of the same day an Indian service
was held for some Indians who were on their
way to Passamaquoddy; after service the Indians
were told to sing an anthem, which " they per-
formed very harmonioiisly." Mr. Wood baptized
only one child, having found that most of the
children had been already baptized by Romish
Priests. In the evening, there being many French
inhabitants, Mr. Wood read the service in the
French language. Several Indians were present,
many of whom understood the language.

On the following day Mr. Wood sailed up the
River, and on Sunday, 9th July, landed at Mavi-
gerville, where he read service to more than 200
persons. Owing, however, to the fact that the
congregation was composed chiefly of Dissenters
from New England and had had a Dissenting
minister among them, only two baptisms were

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 29

performed ; but (to use Mr. Wood's own words)
" if a prudent ^Missionary could be settled among
them I believe all their prejudices against our
forms of worship would vanish ; and, if the same
person who may hereafter be appointed a Mis-
sionary for the several rising townships on the
St. John River, viz. : — Gagetown, Burton and
Maugerville, should be a young man and able to
read the Micmac language, I believe (provided no
Romish Priest was allowed to be among the
Indians) that the tribes in this place would soon
all become Protestants." Mr. Wood further says,
"At Okpaak the chief of the Indians came down
to the landing place and handed us (myself and
Captain Spry, our chief engineer) out of our boat,
and immediately several of the Indians who wore
drawn out on the occasion discharged a volley of
musketry, turned fi'om us, as a signal of receiving
their friends. The chief then conducted us to
their Council Chamber, as they called it, viz. :
their largest wigwam, where, after .some discourse
relative to Mon. Bailie, the French Priest, wlioin
the Government have at present thought j)i-op(M-
to allow them, and finding them uneasy that they
had no Priest among them for some time [)a.st, I
told them that the Governor IkkI cuiiildyiMJ liim to
go to the Indians to the ea-stward nt' Halifax, .mil.

30 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

therefore, had sent me to officiate with them in
his absence. They then seemed well enough
satisfied ; and, at their desire, I began prayei-s
with them in Micmac, which is understood by the
three ti-ibes, they all kneeling down and behaving
very devoutly. The service concluded with
an anthem and the blessing." Mr. Wood
must have made an extensive missionary tour
through the various settlements on the River
St. John. At Gagetown he baptizetl two
Indian children and visited several other
places. He was a hard-working Missionary and a
good scholar. In 1763, while at Annapolis (for-
merly Port Royal), he applied himself to the study
of the Micmac (Indian) language, with no instructor
but the book. In 1766 he sent home to England
a gi-ammar, a dictionary and the Bible, written in
the Indian language; and was thus enabled to
minister to the Indians in their own tongue.

Not many men living at the present day, with
far greater opportunities and advantages could
accomplish, in so short a time, such a mental feat.
It only shows how much may be effected by
untiring perseverance and a resolute will. Mr.
Wood was also a gooil French scholar. After a
successful ministry of thirty years in New Jersey
and Nova Scotia, he died at Annapolis, 14th
December, 1778.

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 31

CHAPTER IV.

RESIDENT MISSIONARIES IN NEW BRUNSWICK.

PREDERICTON.

Rev. Dr. Cooke.— Arrival at St. John, N. B., in 1785.—
The first place of worship there. — Dr. Cooke visit.s
Campobello, St. Andrews and Digdeguash. — Returns
to St. John. — Kenioves to Fredericton, N. B. — Visits
St. Jolin upon the death of Mr. Bisset. — His sudden
death. Rev. Geo. Pidgeon. — Rev. Geo. J. Mountain.
— Rev. James Milne. — Rev. George Best. — Rev.
George Coster.— Rev. Dr. Jacob.— Rev. Dr. Somerville.
— Rev. Dr. McCawley.

[E now come to the period when resident
Missionarie.s were first appointed to New
Brunswick .
Upon the Declaration of American Indepen-
dence (4th July, 1776) many loyal refugees,
unwilling to remain under those who had seceded
from the Mother Country, " left their foes, their
all, for a home in a British land," and sought an
asylum in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.

During the ye.-ii- 17S.") a lai-ge inimlxT of persons,

32 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

most of whom had served in a military capacity
in the late war, arrived at Carleton and Parrtowri
(St. John). It will not, therefore, be a matter of
wonder to find among the refugees many Clergy-
men who either conld not or would not remain in
the States. The S. P. G., finding themselves under
the necessity of discontinuing their salaries to the
Missionaries remaining, accordingly undertook to
provide for those who had left and settled in His
Majesty's Colonies. In this work the Society was
ably assisted by the Government, and a number of
the Missionaries availed themselves of the oppor-
tunity and advantage offered. Accordingly Dr.
Cooke, who had laboured for many years in
Shrewsbury, N. J., and Mr. Beardsley, formerly
Missionary at Poughkeepsie, in the State of New
York, were appointed to fill Missionary posts in
New Brunswick (A. D, 1785), the former at St.
John and the latter at Maugerville. But, as the
seat of Government was removed to Fredericton
(then called St. Ann's), Dr. Cooke removed thither.
His place at St. John was soon supplied by Mr.
Bisset, late Rector of Newport, Rhode Island.

Besides these, Messrs. Scovil, Andrews and
Clarke, from Connecticut, were fixed by the Gov-
ernment in those parts of the Province where their
services were most required.

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 33

THE REVEREND SAMUEL COOKE, D. D.

Dr. Cooke, who has been justly styled " the
father of the English Church in New Brunswick,"
received his education at the University of Cam-
bridge, England, and after being admitted to Holy
Orders, was sent out to New Jersey, U. S., by the
S. P. G., in or about the year 1749. In 1774 he
went to England on business and did not return
to the United States. In 1785 he was a])pointed
Missionary to New Brunswick. On 18th August
of that year he landed at Halifax, N. S., where
he received a hearty welcome from Governor Parr,
Living in a time when there were no railways and
steamboats, Mr. Cooke was obliged to come to St.
John, N. B., by a circuitous route. To get there
he travelled 200 miles in a fortnight, landing on
2nd September, 1785. In a letter to the S. P. G.,
Mr. Cooke speaks of the kindness he received from
his congregation, who were for the most part "very
indigent." About eighteen months before Mr.
Cooke's arrival, a house 36 feet by 28 had been
purchased for a church ; but, owing to the want
of money and other causes, it was in such an
unfinished state as to be very inconvenient and
uncomfortable for the performance of Divine
Worship. Dr. Cooke at once set to work to

34 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

remedy the evil. A vestrj' waa called and £90
raised from the principal inhabitants, with which
they ceiled the house and erected a gallery in the
front and at each end. This building was used
until the opening of "Old Trinity" in 1791.

The lot on which this temporary Church was
erected was situated on the East side of Germain
Street, between Duke and Queen Streets, and was
known by the number 121. It was purchased
with the building for £140. Until the year 1819
the ground in the rear was occasionally used for
the purposes of burial. Thomas Horsfield, Esq.,
for a long time a Warden of Trinity Church,
was the last person interred therein.

In addition to his regular pastoral work at St.
John, Mr. Cooke visited in November, 1785,
Campobello, St. Andrews and Digdeguash. He
speaks of St. Andrews as being situated on the
Bay of Passamaquoddy, about 20 leagues distant
from St. John. The town was then well settled
and consisted of 200 houses. Owing to the want of a
Missionary to perform religious offices, there were
no less than 60 children who had never been
baptized, which gave their parents " great uneasi-
ness. " Influenced by the necessity of the case and
desires of the people, coupled with the request of
the Governor, who had just been there, Mr. Cooke

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 3')

undertook a long and somewhat perilous voyage iu
order to carry his ministrations where they were
indeed required. He set out for his destination in
a brig on the 6th November, 1785 ; but, owing to
the severe weather and adverse winds, did not
reach Campobello until the 13th. On this island,
distant five leagues from St. Andrews, he landed,
read prayers and preached to the settlers. He
baptized a woman 40 years of age and lier child of
2 years old, besides 5 other children. On the 1 6th
of November Mr. Cooke reached 8t. Andrews,
where he was kindly received and hospitably
entertained by the people. During his visit he
stayed at the house of Robert Pagan, Esquire.
On the following Sunday he read prayers and
preached to a " very decent and respectable con-
gregation," and performed 50 baptisms. Mr.
Cooke then crossed the bay to Digdeguash, where
he baptized 10 more. In this last named place
he was detained three days in consequence of the
cold weather. Returning to St. Andrews, he
baptized 12 more children. More would have
been baptized had not the extremely cold
weather prevented those living in the country
from bringing their children to the clergy-
man. Upon his return to St. John Mr. Cooke
found the work of the church quietly, but

36 THE CHURCH OP ENGLAND

Steadily progressing. The little Church, which
had been temporarily erected had been pewed and
furnished with a reading desk, a pulpit and stoves.
In this work Mr. Cooke says that much credit is
due Mr. Isaac Lawton. During the first four
months of his stay in St. John he baptized 26
■white persons and six blacks; married 10 persons
and buried only 4. Owing to the salubrity of
the climate there were few deaths. On New
Year's Day (1786,) Mr. Cooke had 25 Communi-
cants at the administration of the Sacrament.
Owing to the extreme cold upon that occasion,
few women attended service ; but the clergy-
man "going warmly clothed stood it tolerably
well." On Easter Day (1786) he had 38 com-
municants, and on Whitsunday 46. Mr. Cooke
closes his interesting letter by recommending
to the Society's service, Mr. Benjamin Snow, who
was formerly stationed at Annapolis, N. S. Mr.
Snow was accordingly appointed School Master at
Saint John and Carleton, (on the opposite side of
the river,) at an annual salary of £10. The
Society allowed Dr. Cooke £60 stg. per annum.
Owing to the seat of Government being changed
from St. John to Fredericton, Mr. Cooke removed
to the latter place in 1786. To use his own words,
he left " happy in the reflection that his unremitted

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 'M

" endeavors to establish the Chnrcli at St. John
" had been so far effectual that he left his successor
" in possession of a decent, well-furnished Church,
" with a very respectable and well-behaved con-
"gregation." During his period of labour in St.
John, St. Andrews and elsewhere, he baptized 15.S
persons, (13 of whom were negroes.) Mr. Cooke
arrived at Fredericton in August, 1786, and
preached the first Sunday after his arrival to 60
or 70 persons in The King's Provision Store, the
only place in which a congregation could bn
accommodated ; but being afterwards glazed and
fitted up with benches, a few pews, a reading
desk and a couple of stoves, was thus rendered
more commodious and comfortable. The King's
Provision Store stood nearly opposite the
Old Central Bank building on Queen Street,
Fredericton. This "Store" was in early times
used for almost everything. Here were many
balls and dancing parties ; here music was given
by drum and fife ; and here Mr. Cooke, Frederic-
ton's first Rector, preached. It appears that in
October, 1786, the first Church Wardens uud
Vestry were appointed. The following is tho
earliest list of Church Wardens and Vestrymen
obtainable. At a meeting of the Parishioners of
the Parish of Fredericton, held 1st April, 17'j;{,
there were chosen for the ensuing year :—

38 the chuecii of england

Jonathan Odell, ) ^^ , ,,^ ,
,, „ > Church Wardens.

George Sproule, j

Jacob Ellegood,

Harris Wm. Hailes,

Garret Clopper,

Isaac Hedden,

William Fowler, ^ Vestrymen.

Stephen Jarvis,

James Bell,

Lewis Dunham,

Robert Smith,

Rev. Dr. Cooke, Rector.
Fredericton was at this time very small, and the
people for the most part very poor. The congre-
gation seldom exceeded 100 persons. On Christmas
Day, 1786, Mr. Cooke had only 14 Communi-
cants. Before the conclusion of the year he had
baptized 23 white, 3 black infants, and one adult ;
married 5 couple, and buried one person. In 1787
the Imperial Parliament made a grant of £2,000
for the purpose of building Churches in New
Brunswick, a share of which was allotted to
Fredericton. Mr. Cooke accordingly set about the
erection of a church ; £500 being given towards
that object by Government, and over £150 by
Governor Carleton. Little was contributed by the
people as they were "very indigent." Owing to
this and other causes the church was not com-

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. ."{Q

pleted until 1790. In addition to his money do-
nation, Governor Carleton furnished the Church in
a handsome manner. Mr. Cooke, who resided near
the Nashwaak, oi)posite Fredericton, describes
Fredericton as being in length upon the i-iver
about 6 miles and in breadth back into the woods
about 3. Number of inhabitants (1790) 400 ; 100
of whom attended Church. This number did not
include the officers and soldiers of the 54th Regt.,
who were most regular and constant in their
attendance. In 1788 Mr. Cooke baptized a family,
a man and his wife and their 2 children ; also
another family of 7 children whose parents were
formerly Presbyterians ; besides these, 28 white
children, 2 black adults and one black infant. He
married 9 couple and buried only one person, Jin
Officer of the 54th Regt. During this year Mr.
Cooke visited St. John upon the death of Mr.
Bissett, administered the Sacrament to about 40
persons, and baptized 9 children. In 17S9, 31
white and 2 black children and ones black adult
were baptized; 13 persons married and 4 buried.
In the year 1790 Mr. Cooke was api»ointed
Ecclesiastical Commissary to the Bishop of Nova
Scotia, and visited Nashwaak twice, where he
performed several baptisms. In 1791 he institut^'d
Mr; Price of Newfoundland to thr Parish of St.

40 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

Mary's, Nashwaak, the largest in the County, ex-
tending 12 miles in front upon the river St. John
and running back into the country upwards of 20.
It was divided into four districts — one on the
river Nashwaak, another on the Penneyock,
a third on the river Nashwaaksis (Little
Nashwaak), and the fourth on the river Madame-
keswick. In 1790 Mr. Cooke, acting on behalf
of the Bishop of Nova Scotia, summoned the clergy
of the Province to Fredericton, and received reports
from the various missions. All attended except
Dr. Byles, who was ill. The meeting was highly
satisfactory, it being found that the clergy were
diligent and the missions in a flourishing state. In
September, 1794, Dr. Cooke called them together
for the second time, and reported to the S. P. G.
" the respectability and regularity of all their mis-
sionaries in the Province." But the time was now
approaching when this indefatigable and faithful
missionary was to be removed from the scene of
his labor. His death took place in the following
manner. He had been making some parochial visits
in Fredericton, and was returning to his home on
the opposite side of the river with his son in a bark
canoe. The night of Saturday, May 23rd, 1795,
was dark and windy ; a sudden squall upset the
canoe and both father and son were drowned, in

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 41

spite of the manly efforts of the latter to save his
aged parent. Bishop Inglis, in writing to the S. P.
G., said : — "Never was a minister of the Gospel
more beloved and esteemed or more universally
lamented in his death. All the respectable people,
not only of his parish but of the neighboring
country, went into deep mourning on this melan-
choly occasion." The following lines in memory
of Mr. Cooke and his son may be seen in St. Ann's
(Christ) Church, Fredericton, N. B. :—

Sacred

to the memory of the

Eev. Samuel Cooke, D. D.,

the first Eector of this Church,

and first Ecclesiastical Commissary of tlie Province,

who, in crossing the river St. .Jnhii,

to his own home,

from attending the duties of his office at Frctluricton,

was unfortunately drowned,

on the 23rd day of May, MDCCXCV, in the 72nd year of

his age.

His phihmthropy and those virtues whicli liad secured

to him universal esteem, respect and aftbclion

through life

occasioned his deatii to be as generally and sincerely

lamented.

Erected as an affectionate tribute of esteem

l)y

• The Wardens and Vcslry of tliis Clmirh.

4

42 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

A Tribute

to the filial affection and distinguished fortitude of

Me. Michael Cooke,

son of the Rev. Saml. Cooke, D.D., Eector of this Church,

who in his manly efforts and persevering struggles

to preserve the life of his Venerable Parent

in the moment of drowning

added to the public calamity by the loss of his own,

in the full vigor of health,

and 31st year of his age.

In him perished an example as worthy of
imitation in the various pursuits and conduct

of his life,

as in the virtuous sensibility and heroic piety

with which it closed.

MDCCXCV (1795.)

It is worthy of note that two of the Rectors of
Fredericton lost their lives by drowning in the
river St. John — Rev. Samuel Cooke, the first
Rector — Rev. Charles Lee, the late Rector, whose
death occurred at Westfield, King's Co., N. B., on
Monday morning, 7th July, 1873.

REV. GEORGE PIDGEON.

Upon the death of Dr. Cooke, in 1795, the Rev.
George Pidgeon was appointed Rector of Frederic-
ton. Mr. Pidgeon was born in Kilkenny, Ireland,
in 1761, and graduated at Trinity College, Dublin.
He joined the Rifles as Ensign and went with

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 43

them to America at the time of the revolution.
At the close of the war he removed to Halifax,
where, at the instance of BLshop Inglis, he studied
for the church. In the year 1793 he olKciated at
Belleisle and Oak Point in this Province. In 179.5
he took Mr. Cooke's place at Fredericton, remain-
ing there until Dr. Byles' death in 1814. He
then became Rector of St. John. Mr. Pidgeon
married the youngest daughter of Dr. Charles
Inglis, the first Bishop of Nova Scotia.

REV. GEO. JEHOSHAPHAT MOUNTAIN.

Mr. Mountain, the second son of the first
Bishop of Quebec, was born at Norwich, Eng-
land, on the 27th July, 1789. In 1793 his
father left England for Quebec, with his wife and
family, to fill the position of Bishop there. When
sixteen years old, George J. Mountain went to Eng-
land, where he attended .school and college. The
soundness and accuracy of his classical scholariship
met with universal praise and remark. In
August, 1812, he was ordained Deacon by his
father, who in January, 1814, admitted him
to the Priesthood. A few days later he received
the appointment of Evening Lecturer of the Cathe-
dral in Quebec. The value of this appointment
was £150 a year. Not long afterwards it w;is

44 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

reported that a clergyman was required at Fred-
ericton, N. B., to fill the Rectorship vacated
by the removal of Mr. Pidgeon ; and the Bishop
of Nova Scotia, knowing well Mr. Mountain's
abilities and attainments, offered him the position,
which included the chaplaincy to the Legislative
Council and to the troops stationed at Fredericton.
Mr. Mountain accepted the offer and at once set
about making preparations for his journey from
Quebec to Fredericton. The following account of
this journey may be of interest as showing the
great difficulties in travelling at that time. Before
starting for his new field of labour, he very wisely
provided himself with a help-meet and immediately
afterwards embai-ked in a transport for Prince
Edward Island. Thence they proceeded to Pictou
and then by land to Halifax. The journey
from Charlottetown to Halifax cost £17. At
Halifax they remained a week, visiting Annapolis
on their way to St. John, IST. B. At St. John
they were detained seven days waiting for a sloop
for Fredericton. After being three days on the
river they were becalmetl when ten or twelve miles
from their future home. After some difficulty
they were rowed over the river to Oromocto by
two black girls. Here they obtained two saddle
horses, and thus the new pastor with his young

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 45

wife entered Fredericton— his first jmstoral charge
—at five o'clock in the afternoon of September
27th, 1814. This diflicult journey from Quebec
to Fredericton occupied nearly six weeks, at the
present time it can be accomplished with every
comfort and convenience in less than two days.
On 31st October, 1814, Mr. Mountain was present
at a Vestry Meeting in Fredericton for the first
time. He was inducted on 6th June, 1815.
Although Mr. Mountain remained scarcely three
years in Fredericton, he had in that time so
endeared himself to the people that it was with
great regret they took leave of him in 1817. Such
a step was rendered necessary by the increasing
years and infirmities of his father, the Bishop.
Accordingly, Mr. Mountain gave up Fredericton
and returned to Quebec, where he was appointed
" Bishop's Oflicial " and also " Ofiiciating Clergy-
man of Quebec." In 1821 he was appointed
Rector of Quebec and Archdeacon of Lower
Canada. Dr. Mountain's father died in the
year 1825, and was succeeded in the epi.scopal
ofl&ce by Dr. Stewart. In 1835 Bi.shop Stewart
prevailed upon Archdeacon Mountain to a.ssist
him in the episcopate, and on Sunday, 14th Feb-
ruary, 1836, he was consecrated in the Chapel of
Lambeth Palace as Coadjutor to liislio)) Stewart,

46 TlIK CHURCH OF ENGLAND

under the title of Bishop of Montreal. It is worthy
of observation that Dr. Broughton, the tirst Bishop
of Australia, was consecrated at the same time.
Dr. Mountain succeeded Bishop Stewart (who died
in 1837) and thus became third Bishop of Quebec.
This office he held until the day of his death. He
died January 6th, 1863, in the seventy-fourth
year of his age, having been in the ministry for
more than fifty years. So great was the esteem
and respect in \\ hich Dr. JNIoiintain was held that
N\ hrn the project of a bishopric in New Brunswick
was Eiooted, the Governor of the Province wrote
to him while he was administering the Diocese of
Quebec under the title of Bishop of Montreal, to
express the great satisfaction which his translation
to New Brunswick would give the Church there.
It was not, however, until thirty years after he had
left them that Dr. Mountain met his Fredericton
flock. He was present at the consecration of the
Cathedral, August 31st, 1853. Of him it may be
truly said that he was an able and atlectionate
pastor, a judicious diA^ine, a discreet ruler. And
yet the qualities of a ripe and well balanced mind
were connected with sreat bodilv activitv and
energy. His episcopal visitations were truly
missionary tours, but the extent of their operations
seem never to have exhausteil his energies or

IX NEW BRUNSWICK. 47

damped the fervor of his love. The spirit that
was in him was something more than the full glow
of physical life, for his con.stitution seemed never
robust and his spii-it rose above the pressure of
domestic trials or the cares of many churches or
the infirmities of declining years. Firm in the
principles of that church in which he wisely rided,
yet he had that winning persuasiveness so essential
to the successful discharge of the ministerial office.

KEV. JAMES MILNE.

The Rev. James Milne was a native of Aber-
deen.shire, Scotland, and exercised his mini.stry at
Banff, in the neighbouring County. Upon the
death of his wife he came to Nova Scotia and
served in Halifax for a few month.s, when a
vacancy occurring by the removal of the Rev. Geo.
J. Mountain to Quebec, (1817) he was appointed
fourth Rector of Fredericton. Here he remainetl
until the day of hLs death — 27th March, 1S23.
It is worthy of note that Major General George
Stracey Smyth, Lieutenant Governor of New
Brunswick, died on the same day at the same
place. The Governor was ill only ten days. Mr.

The writer has in his possession "A sermon preached in the
Parish Church of Fredericton, on the Hth .laniiary, l«ir. : up<in
occasion of a collection made in aid of the Watkbloo tffiwcRir-
TIONS, by the Rev. Geo. J. Mountain, A. B., Eotor of Krtfdrrii imi.'

48 THE CHURCH OP ENGLAND

Milne's death was occasioned by a cold caught on
a winter's night when suddenly summoned to
baptize a dying child of one of the soldiers of the
garrison. Mr. Milne was a sound theologian of
the old school. He was remarkable for a succinct,
sententious style of eloquence, and was a good
example of the style coupe of the French divines.
His last sermon was on the remarkable text from
Ecclesiastes IX Chap., -10th verse. It was found
lying on his portfolio in an unfinished state by his
most intimate friend.

REV. GEORGE BEST.

The Rev. Geo. Best was born in England andi
educated for an architect. Changing his profes-
sion, he began his ministrations in the Church in
Granville, Nova Scotia. On 21st August, 1820,
he was married at Halifax by the Rev. Dr. Inglis,
Rector of St. Paul's, to Elizabeth, second daughter
of the Reverend Robt. Stanser, Lord Bishop of
Nova Scotia. In 1823 he arrived at Fredericton
to succeed the Rev. James Milne. In 1825 he
was appointed Archdeacon of New Brunswick,
and in that capacity visited all the missions in the
Archdeaconry, encouraging the erection of several
country churches and the restoration of others.
His name occurs in the charter of King's College,

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 49

Fredericton, as the Urst President Not l.eiiii,' ;i
University man he modestly declined tlie office,
but his objections were over-ruled ly tlie British
Grovernment. The land on whicli the University
stands was owned by him. In 182H he sailed to
England for the benefit of his health, but died at
Bath the following year as he was preparing to
return to New Brunswick. A contemporary writes
of him : " He was full of genuine gentleness and
unaffected piety."

REV. GEORGE COSTER, A. M.

The Rev. Geo. Coster was born at Newbury,
Berkshire, England, Nov. 29th, 1794, and receiveil
his education at Charter House and St. John's
College, Cambridge. He was ordained by tlie
Bishop of London, and his first charge was Devon-
shire in Bermuda. In 1825 he was appointed
Archdeacon of Newfoundland. Upon the death
of Mr. Best, in 1829, Archdeacon Coster reniovcil
to Fredericton and tilled his place. There he died
9th January, 1859. Archdeacon Coster was the
first Vice-President of the Diocesan Church Society
of New Brunswick. It was to his wise foresight
that that Society owed in a great measure its for-
mation under a constitution which has been fouml
admirably calculated to carry out its holy oliject.s.

50 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

REV. EDWIN JACOB, D. D.

Dr. Jacob was a native of Gloucestershire, Eng-
land. He matriculated at Lincoln College, Oxford,
at a very early age and soon gained a scholarship.
In due time he became Fellow of Corpus Christi
College. At his ordination in Gloucester Cathe-
dral he was appointed by the Bishop to preach the
Ordination Sermon. After serving as Curate in
Clifton he received the appointment of Principal
to the Institution for Educating Missionaries to
the Jews. After successful work in this way for
some years, he took charge of a church in Chiches-
ter. Here he remained until 1828, when Sir
Howai'd Douglas invited him to be Professor of
Classics and Principal of King's College, Freder-
ericton, N. B. This position he accepted. At that
time the Lieutenant Governor was made, ex-officio,
Chancellor ; the Bishop of Nova Scotia, ex-officio,
Visitor ; and the Archdeacon of New Brunswick,
(then the Rev. Geo. Best,) ex-officio. President.
At the request of the Bishop of Nova Scotia,
Dr. Jacob consented (in addition to his Colle-
giate duties) to act as Missionary to the Parish
of St. Mary's, (opposite Fredericton,) and the
surrounding country. In this capacity he labored
for many years. Dr. Jacob remained Principal
of the College until 18G0 when King's College

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 51

became tlie University of New Brnnswick. He
continued to hold the classical chair until the
spring of 1861 when the late Professor Campbell
was appointed. Upon his retirement from clerical
and collegiate work he lived for some years on his
farm at Cardigan, in the County of York. Here
he died on Whitsunday morning, 31st May, 18G8,
in the seventy-fourth year of his age. As a classi-
cal scholar Dr. Jacob ranked very high. His
knowledge of ancient language and histoiy was
accurate and extensive, and his ti'anslations into
our mother tongue were always happy, gracfful
and to the point. He was a master of Engli.sh
composition, and his published sermons are a
model of good style and faithful exposition and
appreciation of Gospel truth.

REV. JAMES SO-MERVILLE, LL.D.

Dr. Somerville was a native of Scotland and
siicceeded Mr. Bremner as master of the Ciraiimiur
School at Fredericton, N. B., in the year 1)^11.
In 1821 he was made Head of the College of New
Brunswick under a Provincial Charter. In 18-_>D
he received, under the amended Chartijr, the }iro-
fessorship of Divinity and Metaphysics, which ho
continued to hold until his removal to Scotland,
where he died a few years afterwards. Like l>r.

52 THE CHURCH OP ENGLAND

Jacob, ]ie performed clerical as well as collegiate
work. He was Chaplain to the Garrison at Fred-
ericton and Itinerant Missionary for Douglas,
Queensbury and the adjoining Parishes. He was
a man of very genial and kindly feelings, of
generous spirit and warm hearted. As a theolo-
gian he took a high place. In the University at
Fredericton may be seen a fine oil painting of Dr.
Somerville.

REV. GEORGE Jl'CAWLEY, D. D.

Dr. McCawley was born at St. John's, Newfound-
land, in 1802, and matriculated in King's College,
"Windsor, in 1817, where he graduated in Arts and
Divinity. In 1822 he accepted the Head Master-
ship of the Grammar School at Fredericton, N. B.,
— a post he held for six years. In 1826 he was
ordained Deacon by the Bishop of Nova Scotia,
who admitted him to the higher order of the priest-
hood in the following year. But New Brunswick
did not wish to part with him, and in 1828 he was
appointed professor of Mathematics, Hebrew and
Logic and Classical Tutor in the University of
New Brunswick. Here he remained until he was
elected to the Presidency of his Alma Mater.
When in Fredericton Dr. McCawley assisted Mr,
Best in his clerical work and took charge diiring

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 5:5

the time intervening betAveen the death of Arch-
deacon Best and the arrival of Archdeacon Coster
from !N^ewfoundland. In 1829 Dr. McCawley was
appointed Chaplain to the Legislative Council of
New Brunswick, and during college vacation he
was Travelling Missionary, in which capacity he
frequently visited the parishes on both sides of the
River St. John and also on the Miramichi, as well
as Maryland, Boiestown, Nashwaak and other dis-
tricts in New Brunswick which were then without
a clergyman. In 1836 he received the appoint-
ment of President and Chaplain of King's
College, Windsor, K S., holding the combined
professorships of Classics, Logic and Hebrew. He
was also a Life Governor of the College. In 1846
he was appointed Rector of Falmouth, a position
he held until the day of his death, although for
some years past he retired from active duty. In
1862 he became Archdeacon of Nova Scotia and
Senior Canon of St. Luke's Cathedral, Halifax.
In 1875 he resigned the Presidency of the College,
which he had held for nearly forty yeai-s. He
then moved to Halifax, where he died on 21st
December, 1878. A ripe and accomplishc.l scliolar,
an able divine and a good speaker, Dr. McCawley
will not soon be forgotten. His annual orations
at- the Euca^nia of his College were ren.arkal.l.-

54

THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

for cleai-ness of thought, correctness of composition
and elegance of expression. He was a man of
wide culture and profound classical attainments,
and may be fairly reckoned among the scholars
of his day.

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 55

CHAPTER V.

ST. JOHN.

Kev. John Beardsley. — " The Honorable and Reverend
Jonathan Odell." — Eev. Dr. Cooke. — Rev. Geo. Bisset.
— Rev. Dr. Byles. — Eev. Geo. Pidgeon. — Rev. Robt.
Willis.— Rev. Dr. B. G. Gray.— Rev. Dr. J. Wm. D.
Gray.

REV. JOHN BEARDSLEY.

l^^HE first clergyman who officiated at Saint
John was the Rev. John Beardsley. He
came with the Loyalists and succeeded the
Rev. John Sayre at Maugerville (A. D. 1 78-4).
Between the date of Mr. Beardsley's departure anil
the arrival of Mr. Cooke in September, 1785, St.
John was without a clergyman and the ministra-
tions of religion suffered in consequence. Services,
however, were occasionally held by the

"HON. AND REV. JONATHAN ODEI.L."

Mr. Odell was born in Newark, New Jersey,
25th September, 1737. He began his career a.s
Surgeon in the British Army. Leaving the army

56 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

while in the West Indies he went to England and
was ordained Deacon by the Bishop of London, in
December, 1766, and priest the following January,
A few days afterwards he was licensed as Minister
of Burlington in the then Province of New Jersey,
During the rebellion he espoused the cause of the
King and was employed in many important and
confidential trusts. At the close of the Revolution
he took refuge in England and received the
appointment to a seat in the Legislative Council
of New Brunswick. He was also the first Secre-
tary of New Brunswick, and Registrar and Clerk
of the Council. These positions he held for thirty
years. He died at Fredericton 24th November,
1818. In the annals of our Province he is styled
" The Honorable and Reverend Jonathan Odell."

DR. COOKE.

On 2nd September, 1785, Dr. Cooke landed at
Saint John and remained in charge until August,
1786, when, oMdng to a change in the seat of
Government, he removed to Fredericton, where he
laboured until the day of his death. His place
at Saint John was immediately filled by the Rev.
George Bisset.

REV. GEORGE BISSET,

Mr. Bisset was born in England and came out

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 57

to Trinity Church, Newport, Rhode Island, as
Assistant to the Rector, the Rev. Arthur Browne,
and as School-master in the year 1767. His pas.s-
age was paid by the Church. In 1769 Mr. Browne
went to England and Mr. Bisset took his place.
On the 28th of October, 1771, the Society at home
having declined to send them a Missionary, the
congregation elected Mr. Bisset as successor to
Mr. Browne. He remained with his people until
Rhode Island was evacuated, (25th October, 1779,)
■when he went to New York with several membera
of his church, leaving his wife and child behind in
the most destitute circumstances. The State of
Rhode Island seized his furniture, but, upon the
petition of his wife to the General Assembly, it
was restored ; and she, with her child, was allowed
to join her husband in New York. It is worthy
of observation that Mr. Bisset had prepared a ser-
mon, entitled : " Honesty the best policy in the
" worst of times, illustrated and proved from the
"exemplary conduct of Joseph of Arimathca, with
" an application to the case of suffering Loyalists,"
— but, before the Sunday came on which ho ]iur-
posed to deliver it, Newport was evacuated. M r.
Bisset, however, preached it in St. Paul's and St.
George's Churches, New York, in 1780. It was
published in London in 178-1, and is a scholarly

5

58 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

j)rod.uction. Mr. Bisset did not come with the
Loyalists in 1783, but arrived at Saint John
from England on the 25th July, 1786. He imme-
diately set to work to discharge the duties of first
Rector of St. John Parish. In a letter to the
Society at home, dated July 4th, 1787, he says
that his congregation was numerous, regular and
attentive, and that it would be much greater if the
Church was large enough to contain the people. He
further says that he hoped before long to receive
from Governor Carleton the sum of £500 allotted
to St. John Parish out of the Imperial Government
grant of £2000 stg. for the erection of Churches
in New Brunswick. These hopes were soon real-
ized, for on the 20th of August, 1788, the corner
stone of " Old Trinity " Church was laid by Dr.
Charles Inglis, England's first Colonial Bishop.
The Church, however, was not opened for service
until more than three years afterwards. On the
same day that the corner stone was laid. Dr. Inglis
held his first confirmation in New Brunswick and
delivered his first charge to his clergy. During
the six months ending January 25th, 1787, Mr.
Bisset married 24 couple, baptized 27 infants and
one adult, and buried 10. Communicants 45. Mr.
Benjamin Snow, who had been recommended by
Dr. Cooke, when in St. John, for the position of

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 59

School-master and Catechist, at Carleton, (on the
opposite side of the river,) declined the Society's
appointment, and Mr. Timothy Fletcher Wetmore,
who was strongly recommended by Mr. Bisset, was
appointed in his place. Mr. Wetmore, in 1787,
says that " as the season of Lent is too inclement
" here, he preferred the summer for the purpose of
" catechising, and had begun a course which he
" intended to continue for several weeks, at which
" 40 children had attended, and all of tliem
" answered the questions in a manner that gave
"great satisfaction to all present." Mr. Bisset's
labours, though great, were of short dui-ation, for
he died on 3rd March, 1788, scarcely two years
after he landed at St. John. He appears to have
been greatly lamented by his congregation, for,
upon his death, they wrote to the Society that
" with the keenest sensations of heartfelt grief
they undertake the melancholy office of announcing
the death of their late Rector, the beloved Mr.
Bisset ; and they are persuaded that no churcli or
community ever suffered a severer misfortune in
the death of an individual than they experience
from the loss of this eminent servant of Christ,
this best and most amiable of men." The body
of Mr. Bisset was interred in the Germain Street
Burial Place; and in 1791 was removed to the

60 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAMD

Putnam Tomb in the "Old Burial Ground,"
King's Square.

A few days after the death of Mr. Bisset the
following lines appeared in The Royal Gazette of
11th March, 1788. There is every reason to
believe they were written by "The Honorable
and Reverend Jonathan Odell " : —

" A man most excellent, also replete

With nature's gifts and grace's richer stores,

Thou Bisset wast ; these to the world dispensed

In different places, thou at length

Hast reached the realms of rest, to which thy Lord

Has welcomed thee with his immense applause.

"All hail, my servant, in thy various trusts

" Found vigilant and falt;hful : see the Ports,

" See the eternal kingdom of the skies

"With all their boundless glory, boundless joy,

" Opened for thy reception, and thy bliss."

Meantime the Body in its peaceful cell

Reposing from its toils, awaits the star,

Whose living lustres lead that promised morn,

Whose vivifying dews thy mouldered corpse

Shall visit, and immortal life inspire."

A contemporary wrote of Mr. Bisset : " He is
a very sensible man, a good scholar and composer
of sermons, but diffident in company and the
pulpit."

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 61

REV. MATHER BYLES, D. D.

Between the death of Mr. Bisset and the airival
of his successor. St. John was for more tlian a year
without a resident clergyman. At the request of
the Governor the following letter was addressed by
Mr. Secretary Odell "To the Church Wardens
and Yestrymen of the Parish Church in the City
of Saint John."

Fredericton, 13th August, 1788.

Gentlemen, — The vacancy of your parish by the death of
the late Mr. Bisset having been mentioned to the Lieut.
Gov. by the Eight Keverend tlie Bishop of Nova Scotia,
whose ecclesiastical jurisdiction is by His Majesty's Letters
Patent extended also to this Province ; I am directed
by His Excellency to desire you in behalf of yourselves
and of the Parishioners whom you represent to recommend
a person fit and worthy to be intrusted with the pastoral
charge of the said parish, in order that (if approved by
His Excellency) the person so recommended may be pre-
sented to the Bishop for Institution conformably to tlie
practice of the Church of England as by law established

in this Province.

(Sgd.) Jon. Odell.

The parishioners invited the Rev. Thomas IVIoore
of New York to supply Mr. Bisset's place. lliLs
gentleman, however, found it inconvenient to
come; and, upon declining the otfer, the Bisliop
of Nova Scotia recommended Dr. Bylcs to the
Society at home and he was ap])oiiitod.

62 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

Tlie ancestors of Dr. Byles were of great reputa-
tion among the early Puritans. He was born in
Boston (in wliicli city lais father was a Congrega-
tionalist Minister) and graduated at Harvard in
1751. For a number of years he was the minister
of a Congregational Church at New London, Conn. ;
but he afterwards took Orders in the Episcopal
Church and was appointed Rector of Christ
Church, Boston, in 1768. Here he remained
until 1775.

In an address delivered on the one hundred and
fiftieth Anniversary of the opening of Christ
Church, Boston, December 29th, 1873, (in the
services upon which occasion a great-grandson of
the Rev. Dr. Mather Byles, took part,) the Rev.
Henry Burroughs, Rector, said : —

" The proprietors of this Church on Easter Mon-
day, 1768, empowered and instructed the Wardens
and Yestry to invite Mr. Byles to be their Minis-
ter. They also raised a sum of money to assist in
paying his expenses in going to England for Orders,
and agreed to give him £100 per annum. He
accepted the invitation, came to Boston, and sailed
for England, taking with him the proper testimo-
nials to be laid before the Bishop of London. After
his ordination he was appointed Missionary by the
Venerable Society, and returned to Boston, where

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 0.?

he arrived on the 28th of September, and was
cordially received by his parishioners. He found
one hundred families and fifty communicants. He
was a faithful and laborious pastor. In our Rpcjistor
we find ninety-eight baptisms recorded by him in
a single year. He w^as a gentleman of amiable
character and a very acceptable preaclier, and
might have continued to be Rector of Christ
Church for many years had it not been for the
breaking out of the war that separated the Colonies
from the Mother Country. The last bajjtisni
recorded by his hand was on the 11th of April,
1775, the last burial on Easter Eve, AprU 15th,
and the last marriage on the 17th. The 18th of
April, (Easter Tuesday,) 1775, is a memorable day
in our annals connecting the history of this Church
with that of the nation. It loas the Iccst day of tlte
Rectorship) of a clergyman oioing allegiance to the
King of Great Britain. "

The Communion Plate, Bible and Prayer Book
used at these services were the gift of His Majesty,
King George II, and are .still used in Divine
Service.

Upon the declaration of American Independence
Dr. Byles and his family went to Halifax, N. S.,
where for twelve years he acted as Chaplain to tlie
Garrison and Assistant to Dr. Bi-cynton. Beet..)- nf

64 THE CHURCH OP ENGLAND

St. Paul's, by whose kind generosity the refugee
Clergy were greatly aided. On 4th May, 1789,
Dr. Byles arrived at St. John to fill Mr. Bisset's
place. The following letter from the Church
Wardens and Vestry, dated September, 1789, — •
a short time after Dr. Byles arrived in St. John, —
speaks for itself. It is addressed to the Secretary
of the S. P. C, and is as follows : —

Sir, — The Church Wardens and Vestry of the Church of
England, in the Citj of Saint John and Province of New
Brunswick, beg leave through you to return their very
grateful and sincere thanks to the Society for the Propa-
gation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, for their conde-
scending goodness and attention in the appointment of the
Bev. Dr. Mather Byles to the Rectorship of this Cliurch ;
and they beg leave to assure the Society that the same
causes which originally induced them to make this gentle-
man the object of their unanimous choice as the Pastor of
Christ's flock in this place, continue to operate in their
fullest force, and bid fair to render him an eminent ser-
vant in building up Christ's Church on earth to the glory
of God, the comfort and edification of the people com-
mitted to his charge, his own honor and the real
advancement of true religion. The experience we have
had of his faithful administration for some montlis past,
and his acknowledged piety, abilities and virtues afford
the most pleasing presage of his future usefulness, and
of the most cordial satisfaction of the members of his
Church and Congregation in his discharge of the impor-

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. G5

tant offices of his ministry. Under this persuasion we
cannot but most feelingly regret that the poverty of tlie
circumstances of his congregation in general renders
them utterly unable to make adequate provision for liis
support and that of a very numerous and amiable familv.
The difficulties that have already been encountered in
settling a new country, the effects of which still very
heavily press upon us, induce us with humble confidence
to hope that the very generous assistance which has
hitherto been afforded to us for the support of a Rector
will not be at present withdrawn ; — without it we know
not where to turn for relief — indeed we may say without
it, notwithstanding our most earnest wishes to keep and
competently to maintain our very worthy Rector, we
should not be justified in expecting him to remain with
us upon any income in our power to offer him. TJie peo-
ple here are by no means indisposed to make every
exertion for his support, but their real inability compels
us to state these circumstances and most earnestly to
request your influence, Sir, that the allowance he has
hitherto received may yet be continued. After a few
years we hope to be able to make a competent jirovisioa
for a Rector, and in the mean time we trust to the long-
experienced beneficence of the Society to continue to us
the means of grace and instruction. We can only apolo-
gize for this importunity from the information we have
received that the time for which the present allowance
was originally granted is nearly expired, and the great
interest we all feel in the honorable support of the (iospel
ministry among us. These considerations will (we hoiie)
have their due weight and incline the Society to the con-
tinuance of their bountiful assistance, which will ever bo

66 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

most gratefully acknowledged, and we flatter ourselves
will be attended with consequences extremely beneficial
to the interests of Religion and the Church of England in
this Province.

We have the honor to be, Sir,

With most profound respect,

Your most obedient and

Very humble servants.
To Secretary to the Society, &c.

Dr. Byles reported to tlie Society that he found
a very decent house, a crowded church, and a people
most grateful for the Society's care and attention,
who received him with every mark of good feeling
and approbation. As all the money allotted by
Government for the erection of Trinity Church in
St. John had been expended, a subscription list
was opened for finishing the same. The money
was soon raised. Mr. Thompson gave a bell of
800 Bbs. weight, and Mr. Whitlock "a very elegant
crimson furniture for the Communion Table,
Pulpit and Desk." Dr. Byles had 60 Com-
municants on Whitsunday, 1789. On Christmas
morning, 1791, Trinity Church was opened for
])ivine Service, upon which occasion Dr. Byles
preached the first sermon.

The following are the names of the Chiirch
Wardens and Vestrymen at the opening of Trinity
Church : —

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 67

TRINITY CHURCH.

Easter Monday, 1791.
Rector, — Rev. Mather Byles, D. D.

Church Wardens :
Thomas Horsfield, Fitch Rogers.

Vestrymen :
Hon. Gabriel Ludlow, William Hazen,

Ward Chipman, Colin Campbell,

MUNSON JaRVIS, iSTEHEMIAII RoGERS,

Thomas Whitlock, Isaac Lawton,

Nathan Smith, Thomas Bean,

Thomas Elmes, Samuel Hallet.

Vestry Clerk, — Colin Campbell.
Sexton, — James McPherson.

In 1810 Dr. Byles wrote to the Society, stating
that a steeple had been placed on the Churcli and
that his Curate, Rev. R«ger M. Viets, officiated
alternately at Carleton. He further said that Mr.
Viets' conduct was unexceptionable and prudent,
and that he was a great help. During tlie year
1810 there were 61 baptisms, 43 marriages and
20 burials. Mr. Viets was Master of tlie St. John
Grammar School and continued as Curate to Dr.
Byles to the death of the Rector. He then tf)ok

68 THE CHURCH OP ENGLAND

the Parish of Digby, left vacant by the death of
his father. Here he died in June, 1839, at the
age of 55 years.

Dr. Byles died on the 12th March, 1814, at the
advanced age of 80 years. He was married twice.
Twenty-five years of his life were spent in St. John.

In Trinity Church, St. John, there was a mural
tablet erected to his memory, with the following

inscription : —

Sacred

To the memory of the

Rev. Mather Byles, D. D.,

Rector of tliis Parish

and

Chaplain of the Garrison

Twenty-five years.

Died on the 12th March, 1814,

In his 80th year.

Father, into Thy hands I commend my spirit.

St. Luke : c. 23, v. 46.
This monument was erected
By his aflfectionate wife,

S. Byles.

REV. GEO. PIDGEON.

On the death of Dr. Byles the Rev. George
Pidgeon, the Rector of Fredericton, was appointed
to St. John. He was second Rector of Frederic-
ton and third of St. John. Holding his new
position for four years, he died on 6th of May,

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 69

1818. The Press, in referring to his death, said :
" HiS' pious and benevolent character and amiable
manners will long endear his memory to his numer-
ous friends." For some time before JNIr. Pidsreon's
death the Church was closed, owinsr to the failintr
health of the Rector. Being desu-ous to secure an
assistant, the Vestry wrote to the Hon. Wm. Black,
one of their body then in England, to endeavour
to obtain one. The following is a copy of their
letter. It is dated 15th April, 1818 :—

"As to qualifications, &c., correctness of morals and
respectability of character are obvious requisites. We
beg of you, as far as it may be practicable to judge of hiui
by your own personal knowledge, relying on the recom-
mendation of others on those points only where it may be
unavoidable. You know how valuable in this community
would be a manner at once respectable and conciliatnry,
and how disadvantageous to have a clergyman in tliis
large parish that has passed the meridian of his days. < )n
one point only will we take the liberty to impress on you
a condition that cannot be departed from. The gentle-
man to be engaged must not labour under any defect that
will class him an inferior speaker. P]loquence, liowever
desirable, we do not look for, but think the Parisliioners
will require a delivery distinct, emphatical and sufficiently
loud ; therefore, however valuable his other qualilic-ations,
we beg you to decline an engagement with any gentleman
whose utterance and manner in the i)uii)il may be decided-
ly ungraceful. An entire freedom from the Scottish

70 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

accent cannot be expected should your engagement be
made in North Britain. Circumstanced as we are you
will know how to apologize for our dwelling thus on a
qualification which ought not, among good churchmen, to
be held as a matter of the first importance.

Wm. Scovil,
Harry Peters,
Z. Wheeler,
E. Barlow.

Mr. Pidgeon was interred in " The Old Bury-
ing Ground," wliere his tombstone may be seen,
upon which is the following inscription :

Under this stone

are placed

the earthly remains of the

Kev. George Pidgeon,

formerly of Trinity College,

Dublin,

Late Hector in this Parish,

and Ecclesiastical Commissary in this

Province 23 Years.

He died May 6, 1818,

Aged 57 years.

Rev. Robt. Willis, D. D.
The Eev. Robert Willis was a native of Dur-
ham, England, and came to Nova Scotia as a Chap-
lain in the Royal Navy about the year 1815. During
the illness of Mr. Pidgeon, Mr. Willis (at the request

IX NEW BRUNSWICK. 71

of the Bishop of Nova Scotia) visited St. John and
officiated for a short time. He appears to liave
been very much liked by the people, who cheerfully
defrayed his expenses from and to Halifax. Upon
the death of Mr. Pidgeon Mr. Willis was appointed
Rector. In August, 1818, His Excellency the
Lieutenant Governor presented " The Rev. Robert
Willis, A. B.," to the Rectory of St. John. On
13th November, 1818, he was inducted. On 2nd
April, 1821, he was appointed Ecclesiastical Com
niissary in and over the Province of New Brun.s-
wick by the Bishop of Nova Scotia. At this time
Mr. Willis had charge of Carleton which was not
made into a separate parish until 1825. In 1819
the Rev. Abraham Wood came from England and
assisted Mr. Willis until 1823 when he went to
the Grand Lake. In 1824 the Stone Church was
built, and opened for service the following year.
Archdeacon Best, of Fredericton, preached the first
sermon within its walls. The elevation of Dr.
John Inglis, Rector of St. Paul's, Halifax, to the
Episcopate of Nova Scotia was followed by the
appointment of Dr. Willis as his successor (1825.)
Mr. Willis also received the position of Archdeacon
of the Diocese of Nova Scotia. For many years
he was Chaplain of the Legislative Council of
Nova Scotia. He died at Halifax, on tlie 21st

72 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

April, 1<S65, aged 80 years. The Rev. Cuthbert
Willis, of Petitcodiac, N. B., is a son by his second
wife, a daughter of the late Colonel Billop, of St.
John.

In St. Paul's Church, Halifax, may be seen a
mural tablet to the memory of Dr. Willis, with the
following inscription :

To the memory of

The Venerable Robert Willis, D. D.,

Rector of the Parish of St. Paul and Archdeacon of

Nova Scotia,
This monument is erected by his Parishioners in testimony

of their
Affectionate regard for one who presided over tliis Parish

For the period of Forty Years,

Gaining by his gentle and conciliatory spirit the affection

Of his people, and by his sympathy and open hearted

liberality

The blessings of the poor.

He died on the 21st of April, A. D. 1865,

In humble submission to the will of God and with full trust

In the merits of his Redeemer,

Aged 80 years.

Rev. Benjamin Gerrish Gray, D. D.

Dr. Gray was born at Boston, in 1768, and

went with his father to Halifax in 1776. He was

educated first in Quebec and afterwards finished

his education in England. He studied law in

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 7;5

Halifax, but abandoned this profession for tlie
Church. For scientific pursuits and tlie fine arts he
had much taste. In 1805 Sir John Wentworth
sent to the poet Moore a pen and ink drawing of
a hindscape in ISTova Scotia executed by Mr. Gray.

In September, 1796, Mr. Gray was ordained by
Bishop Tnglis, at Halifax. His first charge was as
Chaplain and teacher to the Maroons at Preston,
a few miles from Halifax. Wlien Jamaica wa.s
taken from the Spaniards in the 17th century large
numbers of African slaves left the plantations and
took up their abode in the mountains. They were
a wild, savage race and called "Maroons." Having
been conquered by the English five hundred of them
were sent from Jamaica to Halifax in 1796. Such
were the people over whom Mr. Gray first presided.

After extensive work in different parts of Nova
Scotia, Dr. Gray was appointed Hector of St.
George's Church, Halifax, in 1819. Here he re-
mained until 1K25 when he became Rector of St.
John, N. B. Upon the death of Archdeacon Best,
Rector of Fredericton, Dr. Gray was nominated
his successor, but, although urgently pressed, he
declined the appointment.

During Dr. Gray's ministry the Parish (now
Town) of Portland, and the eastern part of tli.-
County formed part of bis charge. He was ni;iiii!y

6

74 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

instrumental in the erection of old Grace Church,
Portland, and up to the time of the appointment
of a resident clergyman he and his assistant held
service every Sunday evening.

In November, 1833, Dr. Gray sustained a
terrible loss. The Rectory on Welliagton Row-
was burnt, and his wife perished in the flames.
His library, one of the finest in its day, and the
Parish Records were destroyed at the same time.

A subscription list was made up, and £600 was
presented to Dr. Gray.

Dr. Gray was Rector until 1840 and Garrison
Chaplain to the time of his death. He died
18th February, 1854, in the eighty-sixth year of
his age and fifty-eighth of his ministry.

In " Old Trinity " Church there was a mural
tablet erected to his memory with the following

inscription :

Erected by the Vestry

of Trinity Church
to the memory of the
Kev. Benjamin Gerrish Gray, D. D.,
14 years Rector of this Parish,
27 years Chaplain of the Garrison,
Died Feb. 18th, 1854,
Aged 80 years.
" Sound in Doctrine,
In Labours abundant,
A Father to the poor."

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 75

REV. JOHN WILLIAM D. GRAY, D. D.

Dr. Wm. Gray, the son of his predecessor, was
born at Preston, near Halifax, 23rcl July, 1797,
and graduated at King's College, Windsor, in 1818.
He was ordained Deacon and Priest in London,
and after an absence of a year returned to
Nova Scotia. His first charge was Amherst, which
then included Fort Cumberland. Here he i-omaiii-
ed until 1826, when he came to St. John to assist
his father, whom he succeeded as Rector in 1840.
During his rectorship St. James' Church was built,
and the Southern part of St. John set off as a
separate Parish. The Northern part of the City
was also formed into a separate Parish liy the
name of St. Mark, (1854) with Rev. G. M. Ai-in-
strong. Rector.

In 1846, at the request of Dr. Inglis, Bishop of
Nova Scotia, and the Governors of King's College,
Windsor, Dr. Gray visited England to obtain
funds for the increase of its endowment. Tin'
Rev. Alexander Stewart was Assistant at tins
time in the parish.

On New Year's Day, 1854, Dr. Gray preadu'd
a sermon, entitled " Ti-inity Church and its
Founders," which was printed at the request of
the vestry. In the following summer the Church
was enlarged and otherwise improvcil ; tlic fi-out
as it appeared at the time of "The Great Fire,"

76 THE CHURCH OP ENGLAND

was the work of that year. The stained glass
window in the Chancel was presented by John Y.
Thurgar, Esq., who for over sixty years has been one
of its members and for a long time one of the vestry.

For some years before his death Dr. Gray's health
was much impaired and he sought in vain for its
restoration in a change of air and scene. No doubt
his excessive labours as a preacher, speaker and
writer pi-oved too much for his constitution. He
died at Halifax, February 1st, 1868, whither he
had gone on a visit to his son. Dr. Gray was con_
sidered one of the ablest divines in the Lower Pro-
vinces. His scholarship was wide and accurate, and
his sermons singularly clear and logical. He was
a keen debater and excelled as a controversial writer.
He was one of the first three Canons appointed by
the Bishop of Fredericton and one of his Chaplains.

In " Old Trinity " there was a mural tablet to
his memory with the following inscriY>tion :—

Erected by;

The Corporation of Trinity Church, in memory of the

Eev. John William Dering Gbay, D. D.,

14 years Curate and 28 years Kector

of the Parish of 8t. John,

a native of Nova Scotia and a

graduate of King's College, Windsor, N. S.,

Died at Halifax, N. 8., Feb. 1st, 186S, aged 70 years.

"A Ripe (Scholar and an able Divine,

An Uncompromising Defender of the Protestant Faith,

Kind and Courteous, he lived beloved and revered.

And died universallv lamented."

T\ NRW BRUNSWICK. 77

CHAPTEk VI.

MAUGERVILLE.

Rev. John Sayre.— Kev. John Beardsley.— Rev. Janie?
Bisset. — Rev. Raper Milner.

REV. JOHN SAYRE.

"^HE first clergyman of the Church of England
& who ofiiciated at Maiigerville was the llev.
Hj^ John Sayre, Rector of Ti'inity Church, Fair-
field, Conn. He landed at St. John with the
Loyalists in October, 1783, and spent the winter
of 1783-84 at Maugerville — " about 60 niiles above
Fort Howe," — where he preached to a mixed
congregation of old settlers and refugees in the
Congregationalist Meeting House. On 29th
September, 1784, the following were chosen War-
dens and Vestrymen : —

Wardens :
John Mersereau, Henry Vanderborough.

Vestrymen :
George Harding, Wm. Hubbakd,

Elisha Miles, John Si.monson,

Wm. Allen, Nathl. 1Tni>i-i!iiii.i,.

Joseph Claimc.

78 THE CHURCH OP ENGLAND

Mr. Sayre did not live long in his new field of
labor. He died at Burton, Sunbury Co., on the 5th
August, 1784, aged 47 years.

REV. JOHN BEARDSLEY.

Mr. Beardsley, who succeeded Mr. Sayre, had

previously filled the post of Missionary at Pough-

keepsie, in the State of New York. As before

stated, he was the first minister at St. John, N. B.

Owing to the poverty of the settlers at Mauger-

ville, very little could be obtained from them

towards the support of their minister ; but they

furnished " a glebe under small improvements."

It appears, however, from a subsequent letter of

Mr. Beardsley to the S. P. G. tha,t this glebe was

originally granted by the Crown for the use of

the parson of the Church of England for the time

being. It had a frontage on the Eiver St. John

of 28 roods ; 8 acres of it were cleared and a small

dwelling house and church erected thereon. Not

long afterwards Mr. Beardsley participated in the

grant of £2000 allotted by Government in

1787 for building Churches in the Province.

Of this sum £.500 was given for building a Church

at Maugerville and another at Burton, " an out

station," which Mr. Beardsley visited occasionally,

as well as Lincoln, the Oromocto neighbourhood

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 79

and Grand Lake. The appointment of Mr. Cooke
and Mr. Beardsley to their respective posts in
New Brunswick appears to have given great satis-
faction, for Governor Carleton wrote to the Society
at home, expressing the esteem and respect in
which these Missionaries were held and desirin"
that the Society would fill the other missions "with
men of equal merit and with as little delay as pos-
sible." It seems that the work of building
Churches at Maugerville and Burton progi-essed
rapidly, and that they were built so as to admit of
future additions. The dimensions of the Mautrer-
ville Church were 56 feet by 32. From 2Gth
April, 1787, to the 26th October following— a
period of six months, — Mr. Beardsley baptized in
his mission 4 adults and 35 infants and married
12 couple. Owing to the healthy climate there
was not a single death during that time. In the
next half year he baptized 8 white adults and 28
infants ; 2 black adults and 2 black infants and
married 7 couj)le. In 1789 Mr. Walter I)il)blee
of Stamford, in New England, was apjjointed
School Master at Maugerville under the direction
of the Rector, receiving an annual salary of £10,
while Mr. Beardsley received £35 a year. U|)on
the removal of Mr. Dibblee to Canada, his position
as School Master was filled l)y Mr. Jolm D. Beards-

80 THE CHURCH OP ENGLAND

ley, son of the Missionary. In the first lialr of
the year 1789, Mr. Beardsley baptized 9 adults
and 3 1 infants ; married 4 couple and buried only
one person. In the last half of the same year he
baptized 121 white and 2 black children and 21
white adults ; married 5 couple ; and buried only
one person. The very large number of baptisms
upon this occasion was due to the Missionary's
visits to the outlying posts and extreme points of
his parish. The work of the Church was prose-
cuted with vigour until the year 1802, w^hen Mr.
Beardsley was obliged to resign owing to im])aired
health and advancing years. He died in 1810.

REV. JAMES BISSET.

Mr. Beardsley was succeeded by the Bev. James
Bisset, only son of the Rev. George Bisset, late
Rector of St. John.

The following is an extract from the Parish
Records respecting Mr. Bisset's induction : — •

" July 5th, 1803. This day the Reverend James
Bisset was inducted into the Church at Mauser-
ville, — namely, Christ Church, — by the Ecclesias-
tical Commissary, George Pidgeon, and Wardens
Richard Carman and John Simonson, as Rector of
said Church and Glebe."

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 81

Mr. Bisset was Rector for nearly twelve years.
He died at Maugerville after a short illness, on
24th April, 1815, in the forty-first year of his age.
He was never married. His mother, Penelojje
Bisset, resided with him and died at Fredericton
at an advanced asre.

REV. RAPER MILKER.

The Rev. Raper Milner was a native of York-
shire, England, and brother of the late Rev. Christo-
pher Milner, Rector of Sackville, N. B. In the
early part of the year 1819 he went to Yarmouth,
N. S., where he officiated some months and tau<'ht
the Grammar School during his residence. He
then removed to New Brunswick and succeeded
Mr. Bisset as Rector of jMaugerville. This position
he held for twenty-four years. He died on 11th
April 1843, aged 52 years. His funeral sermon
was preached by Rev. Abraham Wood of Grand
Lake. A contemporary says of him : " He was
a pleasant and agreeable minister, and much be-
loved as a painstaking and faithful Rector."

-^^^fSi^

82 THE CHURCH OP ENGLAND

CHAPTER VII.

ST. ANDREWS.

Rev. Samuel Andrews. — Rev. Dr. Alley. — Rev. Henry
L. Owen. — Rev. Dr. Uniacke.

REV. SAMUEL ANDREWS.

'HE Rev. Samuel Andrews, the first Rector of
St. Andrews, came from Wallingford, Conn.,
in the year 1786. He graduated at Yale
College and was ordained by the Bishop of
London in 1760. On arriving at St. Andrews he
found " a considerable body of people of difterent
national extraction, living in great harmony and
peace, punctual in attending Divine Service and
behaving with propriety and devotion." Great
good had been done by Mr. Cooke's visit and the
Civil Magistrate, ever since the town was settled,
had acted as Lay Reader on Sundays, and set the
people a good example. In April, 1787, Mr.
Andrews was seized with a severe paralytic stroke,
which incapacitated him for work for some time.

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 83

His son, Samuel F. Andrews, was, liowever, ap-
pointed (1787) to the position of School Master
and Catechist, at an annual salary of £\n, and
thus enabled to relieve liis father from some part
of his duty.

In 1788 a Church, 52 feet by 40, was built with
the Government allowance of foOO, and oj)ened
on St. Andrew's Day. The Church (not includ-
ing the spire) cost <£495 ; .£95 of which sum
was raised by the Parish. A bell weighing 350
lbs. was given by Mr. John MacMaster, merchant
in London. From June 1787, to June, 1788, Mr.
Andrews baptized 70 persons and buried 3. Ow-
ing to the fact that most of his people belonged to
the Presbyterian faith there were but few com-
municants, but baptisms were frequent. In 1791
the clergyman baptized 110 in nine months. In
1793 during a visitation of his Mission " in a dis-
tant part of his Parish he was invited to a lonely
house where he found a large family collected and
waiting for him ; and after a proper examination
he baptized the ancient matron of the family of
82 years, her son of 60 years, 2 grandsons and
7 gi-eat-grandchildren." During this year .Mr.
Andrews had 32 communicants in Saint Andrews,
and baptized 150 jiersons, of whom 118 were in-
fants. It appears that in early tiujes the Cliurcli

84 THE CHURCH OK ENGLAND

Wai'deus and Vestry were sworn in. Such was
the case at " the first meeting of the Vestry,
Parish of St. Andrews, Charlotte County, on 2iul
August, 1786."

At this meeting there were present :

The Rev. Samuel Andrews, Missionary,

Thomas Wyer, ) ^,, , „r j
^ ^ c ^l>'Urch nardens.

Joseph Garnett, I

Mr. John Hall,

" Maurice Salts
" John Dunn,

James Pendlebury I

Vestry Men.

" John Bentley, J

Joseph Garnett, Clerk.

Mr. Andrews labovired in St. Andrews for many
years. His salary from the S. P. G. was £50 per
annum. He died at St. Andrews on 26th Septem-
ber, 1818, at the advanced age of 82, over 30 years
of which were spent in missionary life in New
Brunswick. The following is an obituary notice
of him taken from the St. John City Gazette of
Wednesday, October 7, 1818 :

" Died at St. Andrews on the 26th ult., in the 82nd year
of his age, the Rev. Samuel Andrews, a venerable Mis-
sionary to this Province from the S. P. G., and Eector of
St. Andrews. This pious and amiable character has re-

IX NEW BRUNSWICK. ^^5

tired from the world full of j'ears and full of the admira-
tion and esteem of all who knew him— to his family and
his friends an irreparable loss— and while memory liolds
its seat the recollection of his virtues and of his worth
will be consecrated in the hearts of all his Parishioners,
lie was interred on Tuesday, the 29tli ult., after a sermon
preached upon the occasion, and his funeral Avas attended
by the whole Parish, the military, and a most respectable
body of clergy and gentry from the neighborhood and of
the American shores, amidst the tears and griefs of a grate-
ful people."

Of these old standard bearers in the Church mili-
tant, we would say :

" Their altars they forego, their homes they quit —
Fields which they love, and paths they daily trod,
And cast the future upon Providence."

REV. JEROME ALLEY, D. D.

Upon the death of Mr. Andrews the Rev. Dr.
Alley was chosen to fill his place. He was Rector
for nearly forty years, and died at St. Andrews,
August 5th, 1861, aged 77 years. For a time
Dr. Alley was assisted by the Rev. Henry L.
Owen and the Rev. Dr. Uniacke. IMr. Owen wa.'*
born in Halifax, N. S., and is a graduate of King's
College, Windsor. In 1835 ho went to St. An-
drews, where he assisted Dr. Alley for six month.s.

86

THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

In June, 1852, he was appointed to the Parish of
Lunenburg, N. S., where he still resides as Rector
and Rural Dean. After Mr. Owen left the Rev.
Dr. Uniacke, the present Rector of Sydney, C. B.,
acted as Curate to Dr. Alley for a period of six
months. The present Rector is the Rev. Canon
Ketchum, D. D.

-5«i

iH-

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 87

CHAPTER VIII.

KINGSTON.

Rev. James Scovil.— Rev. Elias Scovil.— Rev. \Vm. i:iias
Scovil,

REV. JAMBS SCOVIL.

^IP HE Rev; James Scovil, the first Rector of King-
Hi ^*'^"' ^^^ ^ ^01^ of Lieut. Wm. Scovil, of
Watertown, Conn., where he was born in tlie
year 1733. His early years were spent in
rural employments and in the weaver's trade ; and,
as his father did not at that time intend to give
him a profession, his stock of learning was small.
But it so happened that when in his seventeenth
year he met with an accident which turned the
whole tenor of his life. By some casualty he
lamed himself severely ; and, that he might receive
every care and attention, his father placed him
with Dr. Porter, an eminent surgeon, who lived
in a town not far from Mr. Scovil's native j)]ace.
That he might have every advantage he was
placed as a i)upil with Mr. Southmayd, the miu-

88 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

ister of the Parish. This gentleman found him so
apt a scholar that he recommended his parents to
bestow upon him a liberal education. This being
approved he at once gave his attention to the
learned languages. He remained with Mr. South-
mayd till he was cured of his injury. He then
returned home and prosecuted his studies with
such vigour that in three years he entered Yale
College, and graduated there in 1757. In 1761
he received the degree of Master of Arts from
King's (Columbia) College, New York. Before he
took his degree his father died, leaving him £200
to complete his education. Going to England he
was ordained a minister of the S. P. C, and came out
to his native place, as missionaiy, in the year 1759.
Here he officiated for several years, receiving from
the Society " at home" £30 annually. During the
American Revolution Mr. Scovil's sympathies were
with the Mother Country, but his good sense and
prudence protected him from everything like per-
sonal indignity or affront. Upon the declaration of
American Independence, and the consequent with-
drawal of salaries to S. P. G-. Missionaries in
America, Mr. Scovil i-eceived a handsome offer
from the Society, provided he removed to New
Brunswick and took up work there. This he felt
compelled to accept, his growing family requiring

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. §9

a comfortable support, to which the increase of
salary would largely contribute. Mr. Scovil for tlie
first three years after his removal spent his summers
in New Brunswick, and his winters in Water-
bury, where he officiated as usual. On the 2-4th
March, 1788, he was present at a Vestry Meeting
in Waterbury. In the month of May, 1786, Mr!
Scovil arrived at St. John in company with tjie
Rev. Richard Clarke and the Rev. Samuel Andrews,
the former of whom went to Gagetown, the latter
to St. Andrews. Upon his arrival at Kingston
Mr. Scovil found a very extensive Mission, and a
very poor class of people, who were unable to build
either a Church or Parsonage without outside aid.
So much ground did his new field of labour cm-
brace that it was some time before he could ascei--
tain its limits and the number of families. In
June, 1788, Mr. Scovil settled his family in a hou.se
which he built himself. At this time he had 220
families in his Mission. Communicants nunibered
thirty. In 1789 he baptized 96 persons — 86 chil-
dren and 10 adults ; married nine couple, and
buried two. In 1790 his communicants numhcn-d
80. A Church called Trinity Church was biuit in
1789, the Government contributing ATjOO to-
wards the object. In the year 1857 this Cluin-li
was remodelled, and now remaiiis as a nicinnriiil

7

90 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

of early times and early energy. But it was
not to Kingston alone that Mr. Scovil's labours
were confined. He visited at different times the
adjacent Parishes of Westfield and Springfield "in
the hope of keeping up a due sense of religion, and
preventing the people from being misled by the
wild enthusiasm of strolling teachers, or sinking
into profaneness and immorality from the want of
religious worship and instruction." Travelling in
those days was extremely laborious ; horses were
few, and the roads bad, so that Mr. Scovil, like
early missionaries in a newly settled country, was
obliged to perform many a journey on foot. But
(as he himself says in one of his letters to the S. P.
G.) "a sense of duty carried him with cheerfulness
through all difliculties. " He died at Kingston,
King's Co., K B., December 19, 1808. It is said
of him that " punctual in the performance of all
his duties, of grave and becoming deportment, he
died respected by all. The soundness of his doc-
trines delivered from the pulpit should not be
reckoned among his chief excellencies, for he
taught his people from house to house. He com-
forted the aged, instructed the young, and made
himself agreeable to children, no despicable quali-
fication in a clergyman."

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 91

REV. ELIAS SCOVIL.

The Rev. James Scovil was succeeded by his sor,
the Rev. Elias Scovil, who held the position of
second Rector imtil the day of his death, 10th
February, 1S41. He was at Church for the last
time on Christmas Day, 1840, when more tliaii
100 Parishioners communicated.

The following inscription to the memory of
father and son appears on the Chancel Window in
the old Church, Kingston :

" The Rev. James Scovil, the first Rector, took cliarge
of this Mission in 1788, and lived to 19th Dcci'iuIkt,
1808, the 76th year of his age, and 50th of his ministry."

"His son, the Rev, Elias Scovil, succeeded him as
Rector, and lived to 10th Febtuary, 1841, the 70th year
of his life, and 40th of his ministry."

"Each, after he had served his own generation, l)y tlie
will of God fell-on-sleep and rests here beneath the
Chancel."

In the Vestry Room of the same Church may
be seen two tablets in memory of these clergymen,
with the following inscriptions :

(I.) In memory of

Rev. Jamks Scovil,

Born 9th Feb'y, 1733, in Watertown,

State of Con., ordained Presl>yter

by tlie Bisliop of Rochester,
8th April, 1759, emjiloyed :us a

\

92 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

Missionary by the Venerable

Society at Waterbury until

the year 1788, when he was

removed by the said Society

to Kingston, Province of New
Brunswick, and constituted the

first Eector of Trinity Church,

over which he presided until

the 19th Dec, 1808, when he

departed this life

in the 76th year

of his age, and in the

50th of his ministry.

(XI.) In memory of

The Eev. Elias Scovil,

who as a Missionary of

the Ven. Society

P. G. F. ministered during

38 years in this Parish,
from 1803, as assistant

to his father,
The Kev. James Scovil,

at whose death, in 1808,

he succeeded as Kector,

and having discharged

the Pastoral office with fidelity

he died February 10th, 1841, in the

70th year of his age,

and the 40th of

his ministry.

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 93

REV. WILLIAM ELIAS SCOVIL.

In the month of June, 1876, the Rev. William
Elias Scovil, son of the Rev. Elias Scovil, and thii-d
Rector of Kingston, died at the age of 66 years,
having been in the ministry for more than forty
years. It is noteworthy that father, son and
gi-andson occupied, successively, the position of
Rector in the same Parish. For one hundred
and thirty years the three Scovils were in the
ministry, and for ninety years they officiated at
Kingston.

Bishop Inglis, in his reports to the Society at
home, frequently alluded to the flourishing Mission
of Kinafston, which he considered the Church Mis-
sion in the Province. Archdeacon Best termed it
" the key-stone" of the Church in New Brunswick,
and remarked that here might be seen a Church
widely and firmly established, with 200 communi-
cants, ably ruled by "a learned and orthodox
Scovil."

7" a^^e)

94 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

CHAPTER IX.

GAGETOWN.

Rev. Richard Clarke. —Rev. Samuel R. Clarke.

REV. RICHARD CLARKE.

^^HE first Rector of Gaa;etown was the Rev.

4 1-

4'lc Richard Clarke. He came from Milford,
yj^ Conn., where for nearly twenty years he had
^^ acted as missionary. In May, 1786, he
landed at St. John, in company with Messrs. Scovil
and Andrews. When he reached his post he
found, as might be expected, a people very poor
and standing in need of every assistance. In June,
1787, Mr. Clarke went back to the States and re-
turned with his family, consisting of a wife -and
eleven children. His people were at first unable
to procure a house for their Rector, so he was
obliged to hire one "at an extravagant rate."
Everything (according to Mr. Clarke) was " ex-
ceedingly dear." The work of the Church, how-
ever, soon progressed. In the first year of his -
laboiirs Mr. Clarke made many visits to King's as

IN NKW BRUNSWICK. 95

well as Queen's County. Owing to the people being
" much scattered about and the Lord'.s Day greatly
neglected," Mr. Clarke found much difficulty in get-
ting parents to bring their children to him for
baptism. During the year ending midsummer,
1788, he baptized 68 white and two black infants,
and two adults ; buried live persons and married
three couple. A Church and School were built at
Gagetown in 1790. In 1795 Mr. Clarke's Mission
embraced four Parishes — Gagetown, Waterborouirh.
(on the opposite side of the river) including Gninil
Lake, Hampsiead and Wickham. He visited
frequently the three last Parishes on Sundays, but
preached about one-tifth of his time on Long
Island, that place being most favourably situated
for the people of Hampstead and Wickham. Dur-
ing most of the time that he held the position of
missionary at (iagetown Mr. Clarke received no
assistance from the people, but he did his work
cheerfully, delighted to observe the increasing at-
tention of his congregation to the duty of i)ublic
worship. Mr. Clarke's salary from the S. P. G.
was the same as that of Mr. Scovil, £50 stg. jier
annum. He was Rector of Gagetown for twenty-
five years. During his residence here a very mel-
ancholy event took i)lace. The Rectory caught
fire and was burnt. Miss Clarke, (tlio Rectoi-'s

96 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

eldest daughter) Miss Mary Hubbard, and a grand-
son of the Rector perished in the flames. This
grievous calamity had such an eff"ect on Mr. Clarke
that he resigned the Rectorship and went to St.
Stephen. His son, the Rev. Samuel R. Clarke,
succeeded him at Gagetown, and died in August,
1841, aged 69 years.

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 97

CHAPTER X.

WOODSTOCK.

Rev. F Dibblee.— Rev. Alexander C. Somerville.— Rev,
Geo. Cowell.— Rev. S. D. Lee Street.

REV. FREDERICK DIBBLEE.

'OODSTOCK was settled by Loyalists in
1783. After some time they j^revailed upon
Mr. Frederick Dibblee, of Stamford, Conn.,
one of their number, to become their clergy-
man. Accordingly Mr. Dibblee proceeded to Fred-
ericton, and thence to St. John, N. B., by canoe,
there being no roads at that early jieriod. At St.
John he took passage in a schooner for Halifax, N.
S., where he was ordained Deacon by the Bishop of
Nova Scotia,in the year 1791. Three months were
occupied by Mr. Dibblee in his journey to and from
Halifax, during which time his family never licjud
a word from him. Mr. Dibblee was ajipointed tirst
missionary " to all the settlers living on tlie Kivei-
St. John above St. Mary's and Kingsclear." Tho
great extent of his mission — eml)raciiig tin- four

98 THE CHURCH OP ENGLAND

Parishes of Prince William, Queensbury, Wood-
stock and ISI'ortliampton — made Mr. Dibblee's
work arduous and difficult. The people were few
in number, and scattered over an area of 150 miles.
Travelling was difficult and wearisome. No well-
beaten roads, no steamboats, no railways assisted
the toiling missionary. Bark canoes and riding on
horseback were his chief means of conveyance in
summer ; snowshoes in winter. From December
1st, 1791, to Janui.-ry 1st, 1792, Mr. Dibblee per-
formed two marriages and four baptisms. During
the year 1792 there wereyb'Mr marriages and thirty
baptisms. In the summer of 1792 the Bishop of
Nova Scotia visited Woodstock, as well as other
Missions in New Brunswick. Mr. Dibblee had
taken great pains to educate the Indians, and the
Bishop found no less than 250 families in and
about Woodstock who were seriously thinking of
devoting themselves to agi'iculture and giving up
their wandering mode of life. They were led
to do this from the failure of game, as the country
was being settled. The Indians appeared to have
learned as fast as the whites, and to have been
fond of associating with them. Everything be-
tokened order and regularity in the school ; the
Whites and Indians getting on most harmoniously.
On 1st April, 179:^, the first regular Easter Mon-

IN NEAV BRUNSWICK. 99

day meeting was held for appointing Cliurcli
Wardens and Vestrymen, according to law. No
Church, however, was yet built; services bein.ij
held in private houses. Mr. Dibl^h^e continued
Rector of Woodstock, with the additional cliari,'e
of the Parishes of Northampton, Prince William
and Queensbury, until the day of his death, j\Iay
16, 1826. He lived to the age of 73 years. His
salary from the S. P. G. was .£50 stg. a year.

REV. ALEXANDER C. SOMERVILLE.

The Rev. Alexander C. Somerville succeeded
Mr. Dibblee, and held the position of Rector until
the appointment of the

REV. GEORGE COWELL,

who remained in office until 1830. In this year
the Rev. John Inglis, D. D., the third Bishop of
Nova Scotia, visited Woodstock and confirmed 99
persons. In 1831 the number of communicants
was about 70.

REV. S. D. LEE STREET.

The last Rector of Woodstock was the Rev,
S. D. Lee Street. He died in 1870, having boon
Rector for the long period of forty years.

It is worthy of note that it was originally in-
tended that tlie centre of the Mission of Woodstock

100 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

should be near the Meductic Falls. But it so
happened when Mr. Dibblee, the newly appointed
missionaiy, was being paddled up the River St.
John to his new sphere of labour that he fell
asleep, and the Indian, who was guiding the canoe,
passed the place before he was aware of it. Con-
sequently he pursued his way until Woodstock was
reached, which place he found in every way suited
to his purpose. A change in 'Hhe order" given
him was accordingly procured from Fredericton,
and Woodstock became the centre of the Mission.

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 101

|:

CHAPTER XI.

SUSSEX.

Rev. Oliver Arnold.— Eev. H. Nelson Arnold.

REV. OLIVER ARNOLb.

HE first Rector of Sussex was the Rev. Oliver
Arnold, who came from Connecticut, and
graduated at Yale College in 1776. Inl792
when the Bishop of Nova Scotia was making
an episcopal visitation to New Brunswick he re-
ceived a petition from the people of Sussex Vale,
praying that Mr. Arnold should be appointed their
missionary. Mr. Arnold was accordingly ordained
and proceeded at once to Sussex, where he met
with a hearty welcome and a good support. Tlie
Honorable George Leonard, a member of the Leg-
islative Council, gave 240 acres of land as the
parson's glebe, the people undertaking to erect a
Church in the Spring of 1793. Mr. Arnold ap-
pears to have been very successful in his labours
both among the Whites and Indians. In a memo-
rial dated 7th February, 1791 — previous to his

102 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

installation as Rector, and addressed " To the
Honorable Board for Propagating the Gospel
among the Natives of America" — he sets forth, in
an humble way, the efficient state of his Indian
School at Sussex, and prays that the Board may
re-imburse him for several small amounts paid out
from his slender purse on behalf of the Indians.
The Hon. Geo. Leonard built a room for the In-
dian School in 1795—80 feet in length and 30
wide — in which the white children were also
taught. The master of this school, Mr. Elkanah
Morton, received a small salary from the Society
for teaching the white children, and the same
allowance was continued to his successor. Mr.
Arnold lived to the age of seventy-nine years, and
died at the Ilectorj'^ in 1834. He was buried on
Sunday, 13th April, his funeral sermon being
preached by the Rev. Elias Scovil, Rector of
Kingston.

REV. H. NELSON ARNOLD.

In 1828 the Rev. Horatio Nelson Arnold came
from Granville, N. S., to assist his father, whom
he succeeded as Rector of Sussex. His place at
Granville, where he had officiated from 1823 to
1828, was supplied by the Rev. F. Whalley. Mr.
Arnold worked faithfully and laboriously for many

IN NEW BRUNSWICK.

lu;

years in Sussex. He died at Boston, Mass., Decem-
ber 8th, 1848, aged 49 years, and was buried in
St. John, IST. B. His wife was a sister of Major
General Sir Fenwick Williams, K. C. B., the hero
of Kars, in honor of whom one of the parishes of
King's County has been called Kars.

104 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

CHAPTER XII.

WESTFIELD.

Colonel Nase. — Rev. Robert Norris. — Vacancy in the
Parish. — Rev. Gilbert L. Wiggins. — Rev. Christopher
Milner.

g^fJ^REVIOUS to the incumbency of the Rev.
Robert Norris at Westfield, Mr. Ward, a
School-master, acted as Lay Reader and also
''^ Colonel Nase, a contemporary of the well-
known General John Coffin.

COLONEL NASE.

Col. Nase, whose career well deserves a passing
notice, was an officer in the same Regiment as
General Coffin and settled in Westfield prior to his
companion in arms. For a length of time he held
the office of Judge of Probates for King's County.
Col. Nase acted as Lay Reader for many years, —
whenever the mission was without a resident
minister. 'No Church being there at this time,
services were held in private houses and also in a

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 105

large barn belonging to General Ooifin, near his
residence, "Alwington Manor." It was in this
building that several of the sons of Col. ISTase were
baptized by Mr. Norris.

REV. ROBERT NORRIS.

Mr. Norris was born at Bath, Somersetshire.
England, on the 24th of May, 1764. His parents
were Romanists who sent their son at the age of
fourteen to be educated at Rome for the priest-
hood. Here he remained eight years when he left
for France. After a short stay in Paris he went
to reside as a Pi-ofessor at the English College of
St. Omer, in the year 1787. Priests' orders were
conferred upon him here at Christmas, 1789.

It was while pursuing his studies and attending
to the duties of his professorship at St. Omer that
his mind seems to have imbibed doubts about the
faith in which he had been reared, and after mature
deliberation he determined to enter the Anglican
Chu.rch. Having arrived at this conclusion, Mr.
Norris resolved to I'eturn to his native land ; but,
before he could accomplish his purpose, he was
accused of being a British subject and an aristocrat,
arrested and thrown into a French prison. This
was the era of "the reign of terror." He suffered
fifteen months close and hard confinement, in daily

S

106 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

expectation of being led forth to execution, and
was not released until after the downfall of Robes-
pierre, in 1794. As early as possible after this he
set out for England, whither he arrived on the
2nd March, 1795. It would naturally be supposed
that his mental trials and bodily sufferings were
now ended ; but he really fell into greater distress
than he had yet encountered All the members of
his family were zealous Romanists. They felt
indignant that one of their number, and he a
Priest, should be about to forsake the faith of
their forefathers. Hence they refused to admit
him into their circle. His father disinherited him.
He found himself a stranger in his native land
without friends, acquaintances or even the means
of subsistence. In this extremity he offered to
give instruction in the French and Italian lan-
guages, for which his perfect knowledge of those
tongues admirably qualified him. Thus he strug-
gled on for nearly two years with only partial
success in the effort to maintain himself, until Dr.
Charles Moss, at that time Bishop of Bath and
Wells, after becoming fully satisfied of his learn-
ing, religious principles and moral character,
recommended him to "The Society for the Pro-
pagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts," for
employment as a Missionary. On the 17th of

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 107

March, 1797, Mr. Norris renounced the errors of
the Church of Rome in St. Mary-Le-Bow Church,
Cheapside, London, and was appointed by the
Society a Missionary to Nova Scotia. He
immediately embarked for his new held of labor
and arrived at Halifax in the following June.
Without pausing to rest after what was then con-
sidered to be a long and perilous vogage, Mr.
Norria api^lied at once for duty and was apjiointed
tto the Pari.sh of Chester. Here he officiated until
1801, when he was transferred to the charge of
Westtield and Greenwich in King's County, N. P..
This mission was in those days very rough and
uncultivated, the roads few and bad, and the people
widely scattered. It was a work of great difficulty
and no little hardship to supj)ly them with the
ministrations of religion. He remained here until
September, 1806, when he was Hp])ointcd by Dr.
Charles Inglis, Bishop of Nova Scotia, to the
Rectory of Cornwallis and Horton. Amid the
beautiful scenery of this pleasant parish, known its
"The Garden of Nova Scotia," Mr. Norris sp.'ut Ih.-
remaining years of his life happy in tlic discharge
of his spiritual duties and in more tt'iaiioral coin-
fort than he had hitherto enjoyed. 'J'he Parisli
Church of Cornwallis was almost entirely built
under his superintendence, and the erection of tlu

108 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

Church at Horton was solely clue to his exertions.
In 1830, after a rectorship of twenty four years,
Mr. ISTorris felt compelled by his increasing infirmi-
ties to resign. He survived about four years,
entering into rest on the 16th October, 1834, having
passed the age allotted to man.

We close this biographical notice by stating
what we believe to have been some of the distinc-
tive features of Mr. Noiris' character. They were
undoubtedly a strong love of truth, a willingness
to suffer (if need be) rather than give up his con-
victions, and fearlessness in the discharge of what
he thought to be his duty. We see all these in
the abandonment of his position, and relinquish-
ment of his prospects of preferment in the Church of
Rome, also in his willingness to endure his father's
displeasure, and be cast off by his friends, rather
than do violence to his conscience.

May the lessons taught by the lives of some of
these, our early Missionaries, not be lost upon us
who live in easier and less troubled times. Let
us remember their example and, when our day
requires it, like them " patiently suffer for the
truth's sake."

VACANCY IN THE PARISH.

Several years elapsed between the removal of
Rev. Robert Norris to Nova Scotia, and the ap-
pointment of a resident clergyman to WestfiekL

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 109

During this long vacancy the neighbouring clergy,
Messrs. Scovil of Kingston, Arnold of Sussex,
and "Willis of St. John, made occasional visits to
the Parish, held services and baptized children, itc.
But it was chiefly owing to Colonel Nase that the
regular services of the Church were kej^t up.
How much can be done for Church and peo-
ple, and for God's glory, by an earnest and devoted
layman ! This staunch and zealous Churchman
passed to his rest in 1836, aged 84 years, two
years before his old comrade. General Coffin, who
died in 1838, at the same age.

REV. GILBERT L. WIGGINS.

Mr. Wiggins was a graduate of Windsor College,
Nova Scotia, and brother of the founder of " The
Wiggins Male Orphan Institution " in St. John.
In 1820 he was admitted to Deacons' orders by
the Bishop of Quebec, and in 1826 ordained
priest by the Bishop of ISTova Scotia. His first
charge was Rawdon, N. S. In 1822 he was ap-
pointed to the Mission of Westfield, King's County,
N. B. His incumbency here Extended over a
period of ten years. The Mission was again left
without a clergyman, and spiritually supplied by
neighbouring clergy. In 1836 the Rev. Christo-
pher Milner took cliarge and remained until 18.59
when he resigned.

110 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

CHAPTER XIII.

ST. STEPHEN.

Kev. Kichard Clarke. — Rev. SkefBngton Thomson, LL. D.

REV. RICHARD CLARKE.

HE first resident clergyman who officiated at
St. Stephen was the Rev. Richard Clarke,
the first Rector of Gagetown. He took
charge in the year 1811. On Sunday, 6th
December, 1818, Divine Service was held for the
first time in the new Church there, upon which
occasion Mr. Clarke took for his text — " Lord, I
have loved the habitation of Thy house and the
place where Thine honour dwelleth." The Church
cost £1000 and had an elegant steeple. Mr.
Clarke was Rector for thirteen years, and died in
1824 in the eighty-seventh year of his age and the
fifty-seventh of his ministry.

REV. SKEFFINGTON THOMSON, LL.D.

Dr. Thomson was a native of Ireland and for
some time a magistrate in that country. He came

IX XEW BRrXSWICK. HI

out to New Brunswick in 1821 as Assistant to
Mr. Clarke, and upon the deatli of that venerable
Missionary, became second Rector of St. Steplien.
This position he iilled until the day of his deatli,
March 18th, LS65. He was seventy-four years of
age. By his exertions six Churches were built in hiw
Mission. Dr. Thomson was one of the small band
of clergy who assisted Archdeacon Coster in the
formation of the Diocesan Church Society of this
Province. He was present at its first meeting,
September 8th, 1836, and continiied to be one of
its warm supporters to the last.

112 THE CHURCH OP ENGLAND

CHAPTER XIV.

HAMPTON.

Rev. James Cookson. — Eev. Win. W. "Walker.

REV. JAMES COOKSON.

^(;^REVIOTJS to the appointment of a resident
clergyman, tlie Parish of Hampton, which
once covered an extensive area, was served
by the Rev. Messrs. Scovil and Arnold.
The first Rector was the Rev. James Cookson, a
native of England, who took charge in June, 1819.
So great was the rejoicing that they had lived to
see a clergyman stationed at Hampton, that one
of the old inhabitants, on the first appearance of
Mr. Cookson, exclaimed : " Lord, now lettest thou
thy servant depart in peace according to thy word.
For mine eyes have seen thy salvation."

Mr. Cookson remained in Hampton until 1829
wlien he resigned. For some time he did duty in
the parishes of Hampstead and Wickham. He
then returned to his old Parish in Portsmouth,
England, whence he removed to the Island of
Guernsey, where he died on the 31st August, 1857.

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. J] 3

REV. WM. W. WALKER.

Mr. Cookson was succeeded at Hampton by tlie
Rev. Wm. W. Walker, now one of the Canons of
the Diocese. He was ordained Priest by the
Bishop of ISTova Scotia in the year 1827. After
doing some Avork in ISTova Scotia, Mr. Walker
went to Charlottetown and thence to St. Eleanor's,
P. E. I. In 1830 he went to Hampton, of which
place he is still Rector. For more than fifty years
he has been in the ministry, and for nearly fifty
years he has been stationed in the same place.

Canon Walker has three sons in the ministry
and one in St. John, N. B., following the medical
profession.

114 THE CHURCTI OF ENGLAND

CHAPTER XV.

MIRAMICHI.

Rev. Samuel Bacon. — Rev. Archibald Gray.— Rev. James

Hudson.

REV. SAMUEL BACON.

t-'^^HE first Rector of Miramiclii was the Rev.
Samuel Bacon, who was sent out to New
Brunswick as a Missionary of the S. P. Gr. in
^^ December, 1821. In January. 1822, Mr.
Bacon arrived at the extensive mission of Mirar.ii-
chi. There being no Church there at that time,
services were held in the Court House at Newca.stle
and in a School House on the Chatham side.
Travelling was very rough and laborious, there
being but one wheel conveyance in the whole place.
But it was not long before these and other great
difficulties were removed and a place for Divine
Worsliip erected. On 23rd September, 1823, tlie
Corner Stone was hiid of the first Church (called
St. Paul's) on the Chatliam or South side of the
River. The Church cost £1500. In the year
1837, St. Mary's Chapel of Ease was built. ^\r.

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. ] 1 .'»

Bacon died on the IGth of February, 1869, in the
eightieth year of his age. Fully fifty years of liis
life were devoted to tlie service of God and the
work of the Churcli.

REV. ARCHIBALD GRAY

from 1829 to 1834 had charge of the Gram mar
School and was Assistant to Mr. Bacon until the
year 1834 when he went to Halifax. Upon his
removal the

REV. JAMES HUDSON

was appointed Assistant and continued in that
capacity until the year 1839, when he visited
England and was then appointed Visiting Mission-
ary for the River Miramichi. Arriving at his
new and arduous sphere of labour in 1840, he
laboured faithfully and earnestly for many years.
He died April 26th, 1871, aged 62 year.s. In the
words of one of his most intimate friends : " He
was conspicuous for great force and individuality
of character, and the marks and impiess of hi:; life
will be seen and felt when he is forgotten."

►^^-11^^

116 THE CHURCH OP ENGLAXD

CHAPTER XYI.

ST. GEORGE.
Kev. Samuel Thomson. — Kev. John McGivern.

|R. A-Uey frequently visited St. George in his
official capacity before the appointment of a
resident clergyman. The first Rector was the

REV. SAMUEL THOMSON, M. A.,

of Trinity College, Dublin. He came out to New
Brunswick in the year 1822, and previous to his
rem.-jval to St. George, officiated for some timr at
the Church upon Long Island, on the River St.
John. Mr. Thomson had charge of the parishes of
Saint George, Peimtield and Saint Patrick. He
resigned his incumbency in 1848 on account of ill
health. St. Mark's Church, St. George and the
Church at Pennfield were consecrated during his
rectorship by Birihop Inglis, the former on 6th
July, 1826, the latter on 5th September, 1835.
Mr. Thomson died September 8th, 1861, his

IN NEW BRUNSWICK.

117

deatt being occasioned by being thrown from his
waggon by his horse which had suddenly taken
fright at a passing menagerie. He was a brother
of the late Rev. Dr. Thomson, Rector of St.
Stephen, and uncle of S. R. Thomson, Esq., Bar-
rister, of St. John, N. B. He was succeeded in
1848 by the Rev. John McGivern, who died in
the year 1867.

►^-

118 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

CHAPTER XVII.

GRAND LAKE.
REV. ABRAHAM WOOD.

\. i\^YTll the name of this venerable clergyman
r- the history of the Church at Grand Lake
"^ will ever be inseparably connected. Mr.
Wood was born at Harewood, near Leeds,
Yoi-kshire, England, on 22nd July, 1791. His
father was an architect, and had twelve children,
of whom Abraham was the youngest. He was
educated by clergymen in Yorkshire and ordained
Deacon in 1818 by the Archbishop of York
and Priest the following year by the Bishop
of London. In 1819 he came out to New Bruns-
wick as a Missionary of the Venerable Society to
assist the Rector of Saint John, arriving on 1 5 th
October, 1819. In the afternoon of the following
Sunday he preached in " Old Trinity " his first
sermon in New Bruni-wick. Mr. Wood remained
as Curate to Rev. Robt. Willis, and officiated at
Carleton until 1823, when he went to the Grand
Lake to succeed the Rev. Heni-y Hayden, who

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 119

was the first clergyman at that place. Here he
remained for nearly forty years, retiring from
active work in 1862. During his incumbency, all
the Episcopal Churches of the Grand Lake Mission
were built. At the time of the great fire, (June
20th, 1877,) Mr. Wood Nvas residing in Charlotte
Street, and lost nearly eveiy thing. Up to the time
of his death, 23rd January, 1879, he lived on the
Adelaide Road, Portland. Faithful and laborious,
punctual in the performance of all his duties,
of a mild and conciliating manner, Mr. Wood was
beloved by all. He had a great talent for drawing
and sketching, and several of his works are pro-
nounced by competent judgts to be of high merit.
Of him it may be truly &aid : " Thou hast come to
thy grave in a full age like as a shock of corn
Cometh in in his season."

120 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

CHAPTER XVIII.

WESTMORLAND COUNTY, SACKVILLE.

Eev. J. Eagleson. — Rev. Mr. Willoughby. — Rev. John
Millidge, D. C. L. — Rev. John Burnyeat. — Rev. Chris.
Milner.

REV. J. EAGLESON.

•^^HE first clergyman who officiated in Westmor-
tJK land was the Rev. J. Eagleson. Mr. Eagleson
was brought up in the Kirk of Scotland, but
subsequently came to the Church of England
from conviction. He was ordained by the Bishop
of London, {being highly recommended by Chief
Justice Belcher and by Lieut. -Gov. Franklin,) and
was appointed Missionary for the County of Cum-
berland, Nova Scotia, in or about the year 1770.
When Mr. Eagleson took charge there were about
1100 persons who had no clergyman or teacher of
any sort. When he came he found the people so
little used to the Book of Common Prayer that
they could not find the collects nor join in the
responses. A marked improvement, however, was
soon manifest. In the autumn of 1773 Mr. Eagle-

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 121

son, at the request of the inhabitants, visited the
Island of St. John, (afterwards called Prince
Edward Island,) and preached in Charlottetown
and other places. In 1778 the Garrison of Fort
Cumberland was besieged by an American Revolu-
tionary force and Mr. Eagleson taken prisoner
and carried otF to New England, where he wa.s
confined for several months. On his return lie
found that Ids house had been plundered and his
library taken away. In addition to his work in
Nova Scotia, Mr. Eagleson took charge of tlie
whole County of Westmorland, N. B., and olhciiited
there as often as time and opportunity would per-
mit. He remained in Cumberland County until
1781, when he removed to Halifax.

REV. MR. WILLOUGIIBY.

Mr. Eagleson was succeeded by Mr. Willoughby,
a gentleman who was highly connected in England
and a good speaker. By his zeal and energy much
was done for the church, both in Westmorland
County and Nova Scotia.

REV. JOHN J[ILLID(;K, d. c. h.
After Mr. Willoughby came the Rev. John
Millidge. In 1817 Mr. Millidge was appointed to
the Rectory of Annapolis, N. S., and its Garrisoi»
Chaplaincy. He died in 1830, aged ^7 years.
9

122 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

REV. JOHN BURNYEAT.

On 6tli April, 1819, the Rev. John Burnyeat
was presented to the Rectory of Sackville, in
Westmorland County, N. B. Here he remained
until 1820, when he was appointed Visiting Mis-
sionary for Nova Scotia. He was the first
Missionary that accomplished a visit to the settle-
ments on the south-east shore of Nova Scotia.
After extensive work as a Travelling Missionary,
he finally settled as Rector of Truro, N. S. He
died 7th April, 1843. The wife of Lieut. -Gov.
Archibald, of Nova Scotia, is his daughter.

REV. CHRISTOPHER MILNER.

Mr. Milner was a native of England, born in
Havvxwell, near Bedule, in Yorkshire, on 28th
February, 1787. He was ordained Deacon by
the Bishop of Winchester 20th December, 1812,
and at once licensed to the Curacy of the Parish
Church of Binsted in the Isle of Wight. In 1813
he was admitted to Priests' Orders by the Bishop
of Chester. In 1 8 1 7 he was appointed a Missionary
of the Society for the Propagation of the Gosi)el in
Foreign Parts, and accompanied by his wife and
family, arrived at Halifax, N. S., the following
year. Mr. Milner remained in Nova Scotia until
May, 1820, when he was appointed to the exten-

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 123

sive Mission of Sackville, N. B., vacated by the
removal of Mr. Burnyeat. At this distance of
time it is impossible to give even an epitome of
the extensive labors of Mr. Milner. When he
arrived in New Brunswick he found liimself the
only Missionary between Sussex Yale and Halifax,
and although he was virtually Hector of Sackville
only, he frequently visited and preaclied in
Amherst, Dorchester, Shediac, Moncton, Hopewell
and other places. Within one year after he was
in Sackville, the church at Fort Cumberland,
which had long been in a ruined condition, was
re-built and opened for Divine Service. It was
not long before several churches were built by Mr.
Milner, who was ably assisted in this good work
by Messrs. Botsford, Morse and others.

In 1835 the people of Westfield, King's County,
N. B., petitioned the Bishop of Nova Scotia for a
clergyman, the result of which was the appoiut-
niont of Mr. Milner to that place. In 1836 he
removed to Westfield and assumed in addition tlw
charge of the neighbouring parishes of Gi-eenwich
and Petersville before they were supplied with a
resident Minister. Mr. Milner continued Rector
of Westfield until 18.59, when incajiacitatod l)y
illness and infirmity, he resigned. He died at
Sackville 2nd November, 1877, in the ninety-first

124 THE CHUUCII OF ENGLAND

year of his age, having been in the employ of the
S. P. G. for the long period of forty-two years.
Physically strong, full of life and energy, Mr.
Milner did work that few could do. The grand
features of his character were benevolence and
forgetfulness of self. Long will he be held in
grateful and kindly remembrance by his many
parishioners in New Brunswick.

tt „

IN NEW RRrXSWICK.

^^.

CHAPTER XIX.

CARLETON.
REV. FREDERICK COSTER.

HE Rev. Frederick Coster was born in Berk-

<M^, shire, England, and upon the completion of
'iLL his collegiate education, came out to Beruiuda
•^ on a visit to his brother, the Rev. George
Coster, afterwards Rector of Fredericton and Arch-
deacon of New Brunswick. Returning to England
he was ordained by Bishop Blomfield and sent out
to New Brunswick as a Missionary of the S. P. G.
in 1822. In the following year he succeeded Rev.
Abraham Wood as As.sistant to Dr. Willis, Rector
of Trinity Church, St. John, whose mission then
included Carleton. On the erection of tlie West
Side of the Harbor of St. John into a sepai-ate
Parish, (1825) Mr. Coster was appointed first
Rector. In 1822 St. George's Church (Carleton)
was opened for Divine Service. It was consecnitod
in 1826 by Bishop Inglis, who, in this year, made
his first episcopal visitation to Xew Bruuswirk.

12G THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

Caiion Coster was for many years tlie able and
efficient Secretary of the Diocesan Church Society.
He was a fine reader, an accomplislied musical
critic, and ahvays maintained an excellent choir in
Ids Church. His knowledge of ecclesiastical as
well as general subjects, was sound and extensive.
He r.iarried in 1823 a daughter of Henry Wright,
Esq., Collector of Customs at the Port of St. John.
He afterwards married a daughter of Attorney
General Peters, who still survives him. He died
12th December, 1866, aged 70 years, and was
interred in the Burial Ground of the Parish, of
which he was Rector for over forty years.

The present Rector of St. George's Church
(Carleton) is the Rev. Theodore E. Dowling.

IN NEW nRUXSWICK.

CHAPTER XX.

BATHURST.
REV. ALEX. C. SOMERVILLE.

HE fii-st Rector of Bathurst was tlie Rev.
Alex. Carnegie Somerville. He was ordaiueil
Deacon in 1826 (at the same time as Dr.
McCawley,) by the Bishop of Nova Scotia,
and at once appointed to Batluirst. Here lie
remained until 1842 when he went to England.
His mission comprised the whole of the County of
Gloucester and the present County of Restigonclie,
with a coast and river line of more than 250 miles.
St. George's Church, (Bathurst,) although erected
in 1826, was not pewed until 1834. On 9th
August, 1836, it was consecrated, with the Burial
Ground, by Bishop Tnglis.

128 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

CHAPTER XXI.

SHEDIAC.

Eev. Samuel E. Arnold. — Eev. John Black. — Eev. Geo.
S. Jarvis, D. D.

EEV. SAMUEL E. ARNOLD.

^HE first resident clergyman appointed to the
Pai'ish of Shediac.was the Rev. Samuel E.
Arnold. He came in the year 1829 and
remained until 1832, when he went to the
United States where he died.

REV. JOHN BLACK.

Mr. Arnold was succeeded in the year 1833 by
the Rev. John Black. He remained until 1836,
when he was successively appointed to Sackville,
Richibucto and Kingsclear, IST. B.

REV. GEO. S. JARVIS, D. D.

Mr. Black was succeeded by the Rev. Geo. S.
Jarvis, who took charge in May, 1836. Dr. Jarvis'
career is a long and interesting one. In i826 he

IN NEW BRUNSWICK.

129

was Lay Reader for Loch Lomond, Marine Hospital
and Poor House in St. John County, being licensed
as such by the Bishop of Nova Scotia. He worked
at these places gratuitously for three years ; hail
three services each week, and travelled long dis-
tances, never failing to keep his appointments.
In 1829 he was ordained Deacon and took charge
of Amherst and Westmorland. He was ordained
Priest in August, 1830. He then went to Hamp-
stead and thence removed to Shediac, where he
now resides.

130 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

CHAPTER XXII.

PORTLAND.
Eev. Gilbert L.^Wigffins.— Rev. Canon Harrison.

N 1829 Grace Churcli, Portland, was opened

for Divine Service. It was built chiefly

through the instrumentality of the Rev. B.

G. Gray, Rector of St. John, who, with his

son, hekl free service in it every Sunday evening.

Grace Church was consecrated by BLshop Inglis in

1835.

In 1832 the Rev. Gilbert L. Wiggins, who had
been previously stationed at Westfield and Green-
wich, took charge of the extensive Parish of
Portland. A few years afterwards he resigned
and went to England, where he died in 1872.
The late Canon Harrison succeeded him in the
autumn of 1836.

On 23rd December, 1838, Archdeacon Coster
preached the first sermon in St. Luke's Church,
Portland. On Sunday, November 1st, 1840, St.
Luke's was consecrated by Bishop Inglis, who
made one of his last visits to New Brunswick
during this year. The Church was destroyed by
lire 28th May, 1875.

IX NEW BRUNSWICK. 131

CHAPTER XXIII.

GRAND MANAN.

Kev. Dr. Alley visits the Island.— Rev. Jolm Dunn.—
Eev. James Neales.

.T was a long time before a resident Clergyman

. was appointed to Grand Manan. In 1820
^ Dr. Alley of St. Andrews made a missionary
tour throtigh the Island, and baptized 122
children and 37 adults. The population then con-
sisted of about 500. A Church was erected there
about the year 1823.

In 1832 the Rev. John Dunn took charge. He
was inducted as Rector of Grand Manan October
29th, 1835.

The Rev. James Neales, the present Rector of
Gagetown, succeeded Mr. Dunn. Mr. Neales left
in 1848.

132 THE CHURCH OP ENGLAND

CHAPTER XXIV.

CONCLUSION.
Statistics and other information.

tUCH is a brief and necessarily imperfect liis-
! torical sketch of " The First Fifty Years of
the Church of England in the Province of
New Brunswick." I couki have wished that
more had been said about many of the early Missions
and Missionaries, but lack of information— informa-
tion that cannot be obtained — is my excuse. And
yet, perhaps, enough has been said to show some of
the trials and difficulties under which the early pio-
neers in missionary work laboured. They exhibited
a spirit of self-sacrifice which we of later times would
do well to imitate. They have sown and we still
gather the fruic of the trees which they planted.
When the Venerable Society for the Propagation
of the Gospel was founded in 1701 there were
not twenty clergymen of the Church of England
in Foreign Parts. In those countries where that

IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 133

Society labours and has laboured, and wliidi before
it commenced its work, were spiritually "the
waste places " of the earth, there are, including the
American Church, (the first fruits of the Society '^
seed sowing,) 130 Bishops, more than 6,000 Clergy
and upwards of 2,000,000 members of the Com-
munion. Less than one hundred years ago in the
whole of British ISTorth America from the Atlantic
to the Pacific there was but one Diocese and about
twenty Clergymen. Now (including Newfound-
land and the new dioceses just formed in British
Columbia,) we have 17 Dioceses, nearly 900 Clergy
and more than 700,000 Lay Members. But, while
we think of these things and feel justly proud of
what has been done and encouraged to go on, never
let us forget our obligations to the generous
Society at home that has supported and still sup-
ports Missions in every part of the habitable globe.
We owe it a debt that we can never ])ay. The
income of that Society in the year of its formation
(1701) was £1500; in 1875 it was £137,000.
Within 175 years the enormous sum of £4,000,000
was devoted to its various religious objects. All
honor and praise then to the founders and promo-
ters of this time-honored institution, without whom
the Church of England in the United States and

134 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

Canada would liave been indeed poor to-day.

" We lose what on ourselves we spend,
We have as treasures without end
Whatever, Lord, to Thee we lend,
Who giveth all.

Whatever, Lord, we lend to Thee,
Repaid a thousand-fold will be ;
Then gladly will we give to Thee,
Giver of all."

APPENDIX.

FROM 1787 TO 1845, NEW BRUNSWICK WAS INCLUDED IN
THE DIOCESE OF NOVA SCOTIA.

LIST OF CLERGY.

ires.

{No Colonial Bishop yet appointed.)

Beardsley, Rev. John Missionary at St. John.

Sayre, Rev. John " " Maugcrville.

2 Clergy.

iT'se.

(No Colonial Bishop yet appointed )

Andrews, Rev. Samuel, Missionary at St. Andrews.

Beardsley, Rev. John " " Maugervillc.

Bisset, Rev. George, " " St. John.

Clarke, Rev. Richard, " " Gagotown.

Cooke, Rev. Dr " " Frcdrrioton.

Scovil, Rev. James, " " Kingston.

«„.,„ HT T> • • (School Master at St. John and

Snow, Mr. Benjamin | Carlrton.

6 Clergy and 1 School Master.

136 APPENDIX.

Bishop, The Right Rev. Charles lugls, D.D., 1787.

Andrews, Rev. i^amuel, Missionary at St. Andrews.

Beardsley, Rev. John, " " Maugerville.

Byles, Rev. Dr " " St. John.

Clarke, Rev. Richard, " " Gagetown.

Cooke, Rev. Dr " " Fredeiicton.

Scovil, Rev. James " "Kingston.

Andrews, Mr. Samuel F ! School master nt St. Andrews.

Dibblee, Mr. Walter " " "Maugerville.

Wetmore, Mr. Timothy Fletcher,.. " " " St.Juhn&Carleton
6 Clergy and 3 School masters.

Bishop, The Right Rev. Charles Inglis, D. D., 1787.

Andrews, Rev. Samuel, ....Missionary at St. Andrews,

Arnold, Rev. Oliver, " " Susses Vale.

Beardsley, Rev. John, " "Maugerville.

Byles, Rev. Dr " « St. John.

Clarke, Rev. Richard " " Gagetown.

Cooke, Rev. Dr " " Fredericton.

Dibblee, Rev. F " "Woodstock.

Pidgeon, Rev. George, " " Bellsisle.

Price, Rev. W " " Nashwaak.

Scovil, Rev. James, " "Kingston.

Beardsley, Mr. John D School master at Maugerville.

,,,,,„,, ( Master of the Indian School at

Morton, Mr. E kanah, | Sussex Vale.

10 Clergy and 2 School masters.

1815.

Bishop, The Right Rev. Charles Inglis, D. D.. 1787.

Andrews, Rev. Samuel Missionary at St. Andrews.

Arnold, Rev. Oliver, " " Sussex Val-.

Bisset, Rev. James, " " Maugerville.

Clarke, Rov. Richard " " St. Stephen.

A p p r. \ n I x . ir,7

Claiko, Rev. Samuel R Missionary at Gagetown.

Dibl.Iee, Kev. P " "Woodstock.

Mountain, Rev Geo. J " " Fredericton.

Pidgeon, Rev. George " " St. John,

Scovil, Rev. Elias, " " Kingston.

9 Clergy.

1830,

Bishop, The Right Rev. Robert Stanser, D. D., ISlfi.

Alley, Rev. Jerome, D. D, St. Andrews.

Arnold, Rev. Oliver, Sussex Vale.

Clarke, Rev. Richard, St. Stephen.

Clarke, Rev. Samuel R...... Gagetown.

Cookson, Rev. James Hampton.

Dibblee, Rev. F.,.. Woodstock.

Hayden, Rev. H., Grand Lake.

Milne, Rev. James Fredericton.

Miluer, Rev. Christopher, Sackville.

Milner, Rev. Raper, Maugerville.

Scovil, Rev. Elias Kingston.

Sonierville, Rev. James, Douglas.

Willis, Rev. Robert, St. John.

Wood, Rev. Abraham, Assistant — St. John.

14 Clergy.

I8S0,

Bishop, The Right Rev. John Inglis, D. D., 1825.

Alley, Rev. Jerome, D. D., St. Andrews.

Arnold, Rev. Oliver, Rector, Sussex Vale.

Arnold, Rev. H. N., Assistant, " "

Arnold, Rev. Samuel E., Shediac.

Bacon, Rev. Samuel, Hector, Miramichi.

Clarke, Rev. Samuel R., Gagetown.

Cookson, Rev. James,... llamptdn,

roster, Rev. Archdeacon, Hector, Vre.Iericl.m,

Coster, Rev. ]•' Caileloii.

10

1 38 APPENDIX.

Cowell, Rev. Geo., Woodstock.

Gray, Rev. B. G., D. D,, Rector, St. John.

Gray, Rev. J. W. D., Ai-sistant, "

Gray, Rev. Archibald, " Miramiclii.

^ j Principal Fredericton College,

Jacob, Rev. Dr., ^ officiated at St. Mary'-s.

McCawley, Rev. Geo. Assistant, Fredericton.

Milner, Rev. Christopher, Saekville.

Milner, Rev. Raper Maugerville.

Parker, Rev. A. D., Prince William.

Scovil, Rev. Elias, Kingston.

Somerville, Rev. James, Douglas.

Somerville, Rev. Alex. C, Bathur.st.

Thomson, Rev. Samuel, St. Geor^te.

Thomson, Rev. Skeffington, LL. D. ..St. Stephen.

Wiggins, Rev. A. V., Assi.stant, Kingston.

Wiggins, Rev. Gilbert L., We^tfield.

Wood, Rev. Abraham, Grand Lake.

26 Clergy.

DIOCESE OF FREDERICTON.

1 8 4. 5 .

Bishop, The Right Rev. John Medley, D. D., 1845.

Alley, Rev. Jerome, D. D. St. Andrews.

Arnold, Rev. H. N., Sussex Vale.

Bacon, Rev. Samuel, Miramiclii.

Black, Rev. John, Saekville.

Coster, Rev. Frederick Carleton.

Coster, Rev. N. A., Gagetown.

Coster, Rev. Archdeacon, Fredericton.

DeWolf, Rev. J. N., Richibucto.

Disbrow.Rev. N., (Curate,) St. Stephen.

Dunn, Rev. John, Douglas,

Gray, Rev. B. G., D. D., St. Jolin.

Grav, Rev. J. W. D St. ,Tohn.

APPKNDIX, 139

Ilarrisou, Rev. William, Portland.

Hudson, Rev. James, Miramichi.

Jacob, Rev. Dr. Edwin, Visiting Missionary.

Jarvis, Rev. Geo. S., D.D., Shediac.

Jarvis, Rev. Henry J., Ricliibucto.

McGhee, Rev. Thos (Curate,) St. Andrews.

Milner, Rev. Cliristoplier Westtield.

Neales,Rcv. James, Grand Manan.

Roberts, Rev. E. J. W., (Curate,) Fredericton.

Ru.ssell, Rev. H F. Bathurst.

Scovil, Rev. William, Springfield and Norton.

Scovil, Rev. William E., Kingston.

Stewart, Rev. Alexander, St. John.

Stirling, Rev. J. M., Maugervillc.

Street, Rev. S. D. Lee, Woodstock.

Tliomson,Rev. Dr. S St. Stephen.

Tliomsou, Rev. John S Visiting Missionary.

Thomson, Rev. Samuel, St. George.

Walker, Rev. Wm W., Hampton.

Wood, Rev. Abraham, Grand Lake.

32 Clergy

18BO.

Bishop, The Most Rev. John Medley, D. D., Metropolitan of Canada.

., J -D -c f Sub-Dean, Cathedral, Kn-dVloii,

Alexander, Rev. h., j^^^j Missionary atNcwMaryland.

Almon, Rev. F. II., Curate, St. Mark, St. John.

Armstrong, Rev. G. M., Rector, St. Mark, " Rural Dean.

Armstrong, Rev. W., Rector, St. James, St. John.

Arm.strong, Rev. W. B., Rector, Weldford.

Barber, Rev. H. II., Rector, St. Andrews, Newcastle^

Bliss, RcT. D. M., Rector, Westmoreland.

Brigstocke, Rev. Canon, Rector, Trinity, St. John.

Campbell, Rev. J. R Missionary, St. Marlin.s.

Covert, Rev. W. S Missionary, Grand Manan.

DeVeber, Rev. Canon, Rector, St. Paul, Portland.

Dowling, Rev. Theodore E Rector, St. George, Carlelon.

Eastman, Rev. G. C. V , Grand FalU.

1 40 APPENDIX.

Edwards, Rev. R. M., Rector, Kingsclear.

Flewelling, Rev. J. E Missionary, Wicklow.

Flewelling, Rev. Ernest P., Missionary, Baie Des Vents.

Forsyth, Rev. David, Rector, Chatham— RvralDean.

Fowler, Rev. LeB. W., Rector, Prince Wm. and Dumfries.

Greer, Rev. "W., Missionary, Burton.

Groton, Rev. W. M., Rector,TrinityChurch,St. Stephen.

Hanford, Rev. S. J., Missionary, Upham.

Hansen, Rev. N. M., Missionary, New Denmark.

Hartin, Rev. Thomas, Retired Missionary.

Hiltz, Rev. Augustus F., Rector, Derby.

Hoadley, Rev. A., Missionary, Aberdeen.

Hoyt, Rev L. A., Missionary, Andover.

Jaffrey, Rev. W., Missionary, St. Mary's.

Jarvis, Rev. G. S., D. D., Rector, Shediac—iJj^rai 2>en».

Jones, Rev. J. Nelson, Rector, Kichibucto

Ketchum, Rev. Canon, D. D., Rector, St. Andrews.

Lockward, Rev. J., Missionary, Waterford.

Love, Rev. G., " Hopewell Cape, Albert Co.

Mathers, Rev. R f Principal "Wiggins Male Orphan

(. Institution," St John.

McKiel, Rev. W. LeB., Kector, Douglas and Bright.

Medley, Rev. Canon, Rector, Sussex.

Millidge, Rev. J. "W., Missionary, St. David.

Ncales, Rev. James, Rector, Gagetown.

Neales, Rev. Thomas, Rector, Woodstock— iiMja/ JPean.

Neales, Rev. H. H. Rector, Richmond.

Newnham, Rev. O. S., Missionary, P'utduChene,Sbediac.

Parnther, Rev. D. B., Rector, St. Judo's, Victoria,CaiPton

Partridge, Rev. Canon, Rector, Rothesay.

Pentreath. Rev, Edwyn S. W., Rector, Moncton.

Pickett, Rev. D. W., (Missionary Greenwicli and

' ' I Wickh.im— iJttraZ Bean.

Raymond, Rev. W. O., Missionary, Stanley.

Roberts, Rev. G. G., Rector, Fredericton — Rural Dean

Kusjitop, Rev. Joseph, Rector, St. Stephen.

Schotield, Rev. George, Rector, Simonds.

Shannon, Rev. W Missionary, Edinonston.

Shaw, Rev. B., Rector, Cambridge.

Sill, Rev. Frederick S., Curate, St. Paul, Portland.

A 1* f i: N 1) I X .

11

Siiiionds, Uev. R., Kector, Dorchester.

Smith, Rev. Jo-scph, Rector, Petersvillc.

Smith, Rev. R. E., Rector, t^tAicorgc—Ilural Dean.

Spike, Rev. Henry M Rector, Lancaster.

Sterling, Rev. G. H., Rector, Maiigerville,

Stevens, Rev. L. G., Rector, St. Luke's, Portland.

Street, Rev. W. H., Rector, Bathurst.

Sweet, Rev. J. IL S., Missionary, l>alhousic.

Talbot, Rev. James H., Rector, Sprin^ficW.

Towers, Rev. F., Missionary, Ciintcrtmry.

Wainwright, Rev, Hastings S Rector, Kingston.

"Walker, Kev. Canon Rector, Hampton.

AV^irneford, Rev. E. A., Rector, Norton.

Weeks, Rev. A. H., Rector, Queensbury.

Wetmore, Rev. D. I., Missionary, Clifton.

Willis, Rev. Cuthbert, Rector, Petitcodiac.

Wilkinson, Rev. W. J., Curate, Petitcodiac.

Wilson, Rev. C. P., Missionary, Caaipobello.

G9 Clergy.

I. BISHOPRICS OF THE ENGLISH COLO-
NIAL AND MISSIONARY CHURCH.

1. Nova Scotia, 1787 3G.

2. Quebec, 1793 37.

3. Calcutta, 1814 38.

4. Jamaica (now Kingston) 1824 39.

5. Barbados (andWindward 40.

Islands,) 1878 1824

6. Madras 1835 41.

7. Australia (now Sydney)..I836 42.

8. Bombay, 1837 43.

9. Toronto 1839 44.

10. Newfoundland, 1839

11. New Zealand (now Auck- 45.
land,) 1841 46.

12. Tasmania 1842 47.

13. Antigua 1842 48.

14. Guiana, 1842 49.

15. Gibraltar, 1842 50.

16. Frederictou 1845 51.

17. Colombo, 1845 52.

18. Jerusalem 1846 5.3.

19. Capetown, 1847 54.

20. Newcastle, 1847 55.

21. Melbourne, 1847 56.

22. Adelaide, 1847 57.

23. Victoria, (China) 1849

24. Rupert's Land, 1849 58.

25. Montreal, 1850 59.

26. Sierra Leone, 1850 60.

27. Graliamstown 1853 61.

28. Mauritius 1854 62.

29. Labuan, 1855 63.

30. Christchurch.N. Z., 1856 64.

31. Perth 1857 65.

32. Huron, 1857 66.

33. Wellington, 1858 67.

34. Nelson, 1858 68.

35. Waiapu, 1858

Brisbane, 1859

St. Helena 1859

Columbia 1859

Nassau, 1861

Zambesi (now Central

Africa,) 1861

Honolulu, ...1861

Melanesia, 1861

Ontario, 1862

Orange River (now

Bloemfonteiu) 1863

Goulburn, 1863

Niger 1864

Dunedin, 1866

Grafton and Armidale,..1867

Maritzburg, 1869

Bathurst, 1869

Falkland Islands, 1870

Zululand, 1870

Moosonee, 1872

Trinidad, 1872

North China, 1872

Algoma, 1873

Independent KaiFraria

(now St. John's) 1873

Athabasca 1874

Saskatchewan, 1874

Madagascar 1874

Ballarat 1875

Niagara 1875

Lahore 1877

Rangoon, 1877

Pretoria, 1878

North Queensland, 1878

Caledonia, 1879

New Westminister 1879

II. BISHOPRICS OF THE AMERICAN
CHURCH.

1. Connecticut 1784 32.

2. Pennsylvania, 1787 3.?.

3. New Yorlc, 1787 34.

4. Virginia, 1790 35.

5. Maryland, 1792 36.

G. South Carolina 1795 37.

7. Massachusetts, 1797 .38.

8. Kew Jersey, 1815 39.

9. Ohio, 1819 40.

10. North Carolina 1823 41.

11. Vermont, 18.32 42.

12. Kentucky, 1832 4.S.

13. Tennessee, 1834 44.

14. Missouri, 1835 4.'').

15. Michigan, 18.36 46.

16. Arkansas, 1838 47.

17. Western New York, 18.39 48.

18. Georgia, 1841 49.

19. Delaware, 1841 .50.

20. Rhode Island, 1843 51.

21. New Hampshire, 1844 52.

22. Alabama, 1844 .53.

23. China (Shanghai) 1844 54.

24. Constantinople, 1844 TS.

25. Maine, 1847 56.

26. Indiana, 1849 57.

27. Mississippi, 1850 58.

28. West Africa, 1851 .59.

29. Florida 1851 60.

30. Illinois 1851 61.

31. California, 1853 62.

Oregon and\Viisliington,18."4

Iowa, 1854

Texas 1859

Minnesota, lS5y

Kansas 1804

Nebraska, 1865

Colorado 1865

Pittsburgh 1866

Japan, 1866

Louisiana, 1S66

Wisconsin lsi)6

Montana, 1867

Easton, 1868

Long Lsland, 1869

Albany, 18«)9

Central New York 1869

Nevada and Arizona, 1S69

Central Penusylvaiua, ..1S71

Niobrara 1873

Northern New Jersey,. ..1874

Western Texa.s li*74

Haiti 1874

Northern Texas 1.S74

Northern California, ....1875

New Mexico, 1875

Western Micliigan, 1875

Southern Ohio, 1875

Kond-du-La(',Wlscon»in, 1875

West Virginia, 1878

Springtield, 1878

Quincy, 1878

LIST OF DIOCESES IN BRITISH NORTH AMERICA,

WITH

DATE OF FORMATION AND NAMES OF PRESENT BISHOPS.

Name of Diocese. /'''«« Name of present Bishop and

•' formed. irhen Consecrated.

1. Nova Scotia 1787 Hibbert Biuiiey, D. D., 1851

2. Quebec, 1793 James W. Williams, D. D., 1863

3 Toronto, 1839 Arthur Sweatman, D. D 1879

4. Newfoundland, 1839 Llewellyn Jones, D. D., 1878

5. *Fredericton, 1845 John Medley, D. D., 1845

fi. Rupert's Land, 1849 Robert Mach ray, D. D., 18G5

7. Montreal, 1850 Wm. B. Bond, D. D., 1879

8. Huron 1857 Lsaac Helimuth, D. D., 1871

9. Columbia, 1859 George Hills, D. D., 1859

10. Ontario, 18G2 John T. Lewis, D. D., LL.D 18G2

U. Moosonee 1872 J Hordon, D. D 1872

12. Algoma, 1873 Frederick D. Fauquier, D. C. L 1873

13. Athabasca, 1674 W. Carpenter Bompas, D. D., 1874

14. Saskatchewan, 1874 J. MaeLean, D. D., D. 0. L., 1874

15. Niagara 1875 T. B. Fuller, D. D., D. C. L 1875

IG. Caledonia 1879 William Ridley, D. D., 1879

17. NewWestminister,1879 Acton W. Sillitoe, D. D., 1879

*The venerable Dr. ]Medley, Bishop of Fredericton and Metropo-
litan of Canada, now in his 70th year, is the second oldest Colonial
Bishop of the Church of England. The oldest is Dr. W. P. Austin of
Guiana, who was born in 1807 and consecrated in 1842.

SOME OF THE AUTHORITIES CONSULTED

IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS WORK.

W. P. G. Reports of various numbers and dates.

Sprague's American Pulpit Annals.

Anderson's History of The Colonial Cluirdi.

Hawkins' Missions of the Churcli of Enghuul.

Sabine's American Loyalists.

Murdoch's History of Nova Scotia.

Memoirs of The American Church by Bishop White.

Life of Bishop Seabury.

Life of Bishop Mountain.

Historical Account of Christ Church, Boston, by the

Rev. Henry Burroughs, Rector.
A Sermon on the Landing of tlie Loyalists, by tiic

Rev. James J. Hill.
.V Sketch of the Rise and Progress of the Churcii of

England in the B. N. A. Provinces, (Akins.)
Annals of the Diocese of Fredericton, (Hawkins.)

JS K R A. T -A. .

Page 13. Line 19. For " Episcopate " read "Episcopal."

Page 24. Line 19. For "his last visit " read "oneofhi".
last visits."

Page -51. Line 16. For "appreciation" read "applica-
tion."

Page 75. Line 14. For "1S.J4" rcarl "1853."

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