Skip to main content

Full text of "Historic devices, badges, and war-cries"

See other formats 


HISTOEIC 


DEVICES,  BADGES,  AND  WAR-CRIES. 


BY 


MRS.    BURY    PALLISER. 


"Impreses    quaikt." — Milton. 


LONDON: 
SAMPSON   LOW,   SON  &  MARSTON, 

CROWN  BUILDINGS,  188,  FLEET  STREET. 
1S70. 
[All  rights  reserved.'] 


LONDON  : 

PRINTED   BY   WILLTAM   CLOWES   AND   PONS, 

STAMFORD   STRRKT   ANT>  CHARTW!    CIIOSS. 


<f^ 


6V^ 


P  R  E  F  A  0  E. 


A  few  papers  upon  the  subject  of  "  Devices  and  Badges  "  have 
already  been  published  by  the  Author  in  the  Art  Journal,  and 
the  favouiable  manner  in  which  they  were  received,  encourages 
her  to  hope  that  the  present  volume  may  be  of  interest  to  the 
general  reader,  as  well  as  of  use  to  the  archaeologist. 

She  would  not  have  ventured  to  publish  a  work  so  full  of 
classic  quotations,  had  she  not  been  fortunate  in  the  assistance 
of  her  kind  friend,  Mr.  W.  S.  W.  Vaux,  Keeper  of  the  Coins 
and  Medals  at  the  British  Museum. 

Kensington,  Jvly  1870. 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES,  AND  WAR-CRIES. 


Part  I.— DEVICES. 


"  Here's  now  mystery  and  hieroglyphic." 

Ben  Jonson,  The  Alchymisf. 

"  Quaint  devices,  deftly  blazoned." 

Kingsley. 

Devices  and  badges  ibrni  a  branch  of  heraldic  study,  the  importance 
of  which  has  not  been  sufficiently  appreciated.  It  is  of  the  greatest 
value  to  the  archaeologist,  in  helping  him  to  ascertain  the  origin  and 
fix  the  date  of  an  infinity  of  works  of  Art.  The  knight  bore  his  device 
upon  various  parts  of  his  dress ;  it  was  embroidered  upon  his  surcoat 
and  on  the  caparisons  of  his  horse ;  it  was  engraved  upon  his  armour 
and  his  arms,  inscribed  upon  his  objects  of  daily  use,  his  books,  his 
plate,  his  bed,  and  his  household  furniture.  On  Majolica  ware  we  see 
painted  the  devices  of  the  dukes  of  Urbino,  and  those  of  the  Medici 
popes  appear  in  the  Loggie  of  the  Vatican. 

The  badge  and  the  device,  though  often  confounded,  are  essentially 
distinct  in  character. 

The  badge  or  cognisance  (from  the  Norman  term  cognoissance,  a 
mark,  or  token,  by  which  a  thing  is  known)  was  a  figure  selected 
either  from  some  part  of  the  family  coat,  or  chosen  by  the  owner  as 
alluding  to  nis  name,  office,  or  estate,  or  to  some  family  exploit ;  and 
sometimes  it  was  granted  by  the  sovereign  as  a  token  of  his  favour. 
It  was  worn  by  the  retainers  of  princes  and  powerful  barons,  to  declare 
visibly  the  liege  lord  to  whose  service  they  were  attached.  It  glittered 
on  the  standard ;  was  embroidered  upon  the  sleeve,  breast,  back,  or 

B 


2  HISTOKIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

other  parts  of  the  dress ;  in  later  times  was  stamped  or  engraved  on 
metal,  and  attached  to  the  sleeve,  just  as  is  the  badge  of  the  waterman 
or  ferryman  of  the  present  day — one  of  the  few  remnants,  iioav 
existing,  of  this  once  important  mark  of  fealty  and  vassalage. 

Badges  were  greatly  in  favour  in  England  from  Edward  I.  to  the 
time  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  In  the  reign  of  Edward  III.1  they  were 
used  in  profusion,  and  the  principal  houses,  in  imitation  of  the  Koyal 
Family,  had  a  distinctive  mark  for  their  retainers,  a  secondary  token 
of  family  distinction,  no  doubt,  at  the  time,  better  known  by  their 
dependents  than  the  personal  arms  or  crest  of  the  liege  lord  to  whom 
they  belonged.  u  Might  I  not  know  thee  by  thy  household  badge  ?" 
says  Shakspeare.  Badges  were  hereditary  in  families,  and  to  deprive  a 
nobleman  of  his  badge 2  was  a  punishment  of  the  deepest  degradation.3 

How  many  of  the  most  interesting  associations  of  feudal  history  are 
connected  with  the  badge  !  The  "  Broom  branch  "  of  the  Plantagenets, 
the  "  Eoses "  of  the  rival  houses,  "  the  Sun  of  York,"  the  "  Bristled 
Boar  "  of  King  Richard,  the  "  Rampant  Bear  chained  to  the  ragged 
staff  "  of  Warwick,  are  all  familiar,  and  identified  with  history  itself. 

There  are  few  now  of  our  nobility  who  retain  this  ancient  ap- 
pendage. The  Stafford  Knot  and  the  Pelham  Buckle  are  among  the 
rare  exceptions  ;  but  we  still  find  the  cognisance  of  many  an  illustrious 
family  preserved  as  the  sign  of  an  inn. 

The  White  Hart  of  Richard  II.,  the  Antelope  of  Henry  IV.,  the 
Beacon  of  Henry  V.,  the  Feathers  of  Henry  VI.,  the  Star  of  the  Lords 
of  Oxford,  whose  brilliancy  decided  the  fate  of  the  battle  of  Barnet,  the 
Lion  of  Norfolk,  which  shone  conspicuous  on  Bos  worth  Field,  and 

1  "This  age  did  exceedingly  abound  3  Family  decorations,  called  Livery 
with  impreses,  mottoes,  and  devices,  and  Collars,  were  sometimes  formed  of  the 
particularly  King  Edward  III.  was  so  badges  of  a  house,  with  one  of  the  most 
excessively  given  up  to  them,  that  his  important  as  a  pendant,  such  as— 
apparel,  plate,  bed,  household  furniture,  The  collar  of  Broom  pods,  with  the 
shields,  and  even  the  harness  of  his  White  Hart  pendent,  in  the  portrait  of 
horses,  and   the  like,  were  not  without  Richard  II.  at  Wilton. 

them."— Ashmole,  History  of  the  Order  The  collar  of  SS,  with  the  Swan  of  the 

of  the  Garter.  De  Bohuns  appendent,  round  the  neck  of 

2  "  For  the  thirde  offence  .  .  ^  you  the  poet  G'ower,  in  St.  Saviour's  Church, 
shall  openly  make  recitall  of  all  his  Southwark ;  and  the  constantly  recurring- 
offences,  and  take  away  from  him  his  collar  of  Suns  and  Roses,  badges  of  the 
livery,  or  at  least  his  badge."— Some  House  of  York,  with  the  pendant  of  the 
rules  and  orders  for  the  government  of  White  Boar  of  Richard  III.,  the  Black 
the  House  of  an  Earle,  set  down  by  B.  Bull  of  the  Duke  of  Clarence,  and  the 
Braithwaite.     Temp.  James  I.  White  Lion  of  March. 


AND  WAR-CKIES.  3 

many  others  too  numerous  to  mention,  may  yet  be  seen  as  signboards 
to  village  inns  contiguous  to  the  former  estates  of  families  whose 
possessions  have  passed  into  other  hands. 

Again,  turn  to  the  Salamander  of  Angouleme,  the  Porcupine  of 
Orleans,  the  Ermine  of  Bretagne,  hereditary  badges  of  France's 
sovereigns ;  the  Plane  and  the  Knotted  Staff  of  Burgundy  and  Orleans, 
the  "Wallet  of  the  Gueux,  the  "  Biscia  "  of  Milan, — to  periods  fraught 
with  what  stirring  historic  recollections  do  they  not  all  carry  us  back ! 

The  object  of  the  badge  was  publicity ;  not  so  the  device  or 
"  impresa,"  which,  with  its  accompanying  legend  or  motto,  was  assumed 
for  the  purpose  of  mystification — was,  in  fact,  an  ingenious  expression 
of  some  particular  conceit  of  the  wearer,  containing  a  hidden  meaning. 

Devices  became  general  in  the  fourteenth  century,  but  it  was  during 
the  French  wars  in  Italy  that  they  attained  their  full  development,  and 
the  ingenuity  of  the  learned  was  called  forth  to  invent  devices  express- 
ing the  dominant  feeling  of  the  wearer,  in  love,  war,  arts,  or  politics. 

Giovio,1  Ruscelli,  Paradin,  and  a  host  of  literati  were  enlisted  in  this 
cause ;  even  sovereigns  did  not  disdain  to  compose  their  own  devices. 
Mary  Stuart  solaced  the  hours  of  her  captivity  by  inventing  devices 
which  she  executed  in  embroidery ; 2  and  she  appeals  to  her  astute 
uncle,  the  Cardinal  Lorraine,  to  compose  a  device  for  a  mirror,3  as  to 
one  well  versed  in  the  art. 

In  England  they  were  never  very  popular,  but,  on  the  Continent, 
to  such  an  extent  was  the  fashion  carried,  that  devices  departed  from 
their  original  character,  and  degenerated  into  senseless  and  puerile 
subtleties. 

The  device  required  certain  conditions.  It  was  composed  of  two 
parts,  the  picture  and  the  motto — the  '•  corpo  "  and  "animo,"  as  they 
were  styled  by  the  Italians.  No  device  was  perfect  without  the  two. 
There  was  to  be  a  just  proportion  between  the  corpo  and  animo.  The 
corpo,  or  painted  metaphor,  was  not  to  represent  the  human  form,  but 

1  Giovio,   Paolo,  Vescovo   di   Nocera,  2  There  were   no   fewer  than   thirty 

1  Delle  Imprese  Militari  et  Amorose,'  8vo.  devices  embroidered  on  a  bed  by  Mary 

Lyon,    1555.      Ruscelli,    Jer.,    Imprese  and  her  ladies  when  at  Tutbury. 

lllustri,  4to.    In  Venetia,  1556.  Paradin,  s  "  I  pray  you  to  have  made  for  me  a 

Claude,     '  Devises     Heroiques,'     12mo.  beautiful  golden  minor  to  suspend  from 

Paris,  1557.     The   later    editions    were  my  girdle,- .    .   .  with  some  appropriate 

'  Augmente'es     par     Messire     Francois  device,  wbich   the   Cardinal,  my  uncle, 

d'Amboise.'  and  Ihe  '  Discours'  of  Adrian  can    compose." — Labanoff,   Recneil   de 

(l'Amboise  added.  Lettres  de  Marie  Stuart. 

n  2 


4  HISTOKIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

was  to  be  pleasing  in  appearance ;  the  animo  was  to  be  short,  and  in 
a  foreign  language,  the  object  of  the  two  being  that  they  should  not 
be  so  plain  as  to  be  understood  by  all,  nor  so  obscure  as  to  require  a 
sphinx  to  interpret.1 

In  the  middle  of  the  sixteenth  century  books  of  devices  formed  a 
distinct  class  of  literature,  and  the  number  published  would  form  a 
library  of  themselves.  Art  was  inexhaustible  in  the  variety  of  devices 
and  symbolic  images  by  which  it  sought  to  typify  moral  truths  and 
doctrines. 

But  it  is  of  devices  adopted  by  persons  of  eminence  either  in  art, 
arms,  literature,  or  station,  that  we  propose  to  treat — devices,  strictly 
historic,  the  study  of  which,  alone,  can  lead  to  any  useful  result. 

Academies  of  Italy. — Among  the  numerous  literary  academies 
established  throughout  Italy  we  give  the  whimsical  devices  of  some  of 
the  most  celebrated. 

Accesi.  A  fir  cone  placed  over  a  fire  (Fig.  1).  Motto,  Hinc  odor 
et  f nidus,  "  Hence  fragrance  and  fruit."     Fragrance  and  fruit  corn- 


Fig.  1. — Accesi  Academy 


bined  ;  the  heat  causing  the  cone  to  send  forth  a  sweet  odour,  and  its 
scales  opening,  the  fruit  or  kernels  (pignoli)  drop  out.2 

Affidati.     A   nautilus   (Fig.   2).     Motto,    Tutus  per   suprema 
per  ima,  "  Safe  above  and  below."    Pliny  thus  describes  the  habits  of 

1  "  Gravity  and  majesty  must  be  in  it.       capacity  of  the  vulgar."—  Sir  William 
It  must  be  somewhat  retired  from  the       Deummond. 

2  Bargagli,  Scipion,  Dell'  Imprese,  4to.     In  Venetia,  1594,  passim. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


this  animal : l — "  But  among  the  greatest  wonders  of  nature  is  that 
fish  which  of  some  is  called  nautilos,  of  others  pompilos.  This  fish, 
for  to  come  aloft  above  the  water,  turneth  upon  his  backe,  and  raiseth 
or  heaveth  himselfe  up  by  little  and  little ;  and  to  the  end  he  might 
swim  with  more  ease  as  disburdened  of  a  sinke,  he  dischargeth  all  the 
water  within  him  at  a  pipe.  After  this,  turning  up  his  two  foremost 
clawes  or  armes,  hee  displaieth  and  stretcheth  out  betweene  them  a 
membrane  or  skin  of  a  wonderfull  thinnesse ;  this  serve th  him  instead 


Fig.  2. — Affidati  Academy. 

of  a  saile  in  the  aire  above  water.  With  the  rest  of  his  armes  or  clawes 
he  roweth  and  laboureth  under  water,  and  with  his  taile  in  the  mids, 
he  directeth  his  course,  and  steereth  as  it  were  with  an  helme.  Thus 
holdeth  he  on  and  maketh  way  in  the  sea,  with  a  faire  shew  of  a  foist 
or  galley  under  saile.  Now  if  he  be  afraid  of  anything  in  the  way, 
hee  makes  no  more  adoe  but  draweth  in  water  to  baillise  his  bodie,  and 
so  pluDgeth  himselfe  downe,  and  sinketh  to  the  bottome." 

Among  the  celebrities  who  belonged  to  this  academy  were  the 
Marquis  Pescara,  Vespasian  Gonzaga,  and  Bottigella. 

Amoeevole  or  Verona.  The  hedgehog  is  said  to  pull  the  grapes 
from  the  stalks  and  gather  them  into  a  heap,  into  which  it  rolls  itself, 
to  carry  the  grapes  on  its  prickles  or  spines  to  its  young.2 


1  Pliny's  Natural  History,  translated 
by  Philemon  Holland.  London,  1601. 
Book  is.,  ch.  29. 

"  Learn  of  the  little  nautilus  to  sail, 
Spread  the  thin  oar  and  catch  the  driving  gale." 

Pope.    ' 

2  "  Hedgehogs  make  their  provisions 


beforehand  of  meat  for  -winter;  in  this 
■wise  they  wallow  and  roll  themselves 
upon  apples  and  such  fruit  lying  under 
foot,  and  so  catch  them  up  with  their 
prickles,  and  one  more  besides  they  take 
in  their  mouth,  and  so  carry  them  into 
hollow  trees." — Pliny,  book  viiL  ch.  37. 


6  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

"  Quand  les  raisins  commencent  a  meurir  en  este  et  en  automme, 
l'herisson  va  aux  vignes,  et  s'addresse  aux  grappes  qui  touchent  terre, 
pour  en  faire  toniber  les  grains  avec  ses  pattes,  puis  se  raettant  tout  en 
une  boule  se  veautre  dessus  pour  ficher  ses  pointes  dedans,  et  les  porter 
a  sa  taniere.  Par  mesme  finesse  il  emporte  a,  sa  caverne  les.  pommes 
sauvages  abbatues  du  vent,  ou  tombees  d'elles  mesmes  estans  meures."  1 

Tbis  suggested  tbe  device  of  the  Amorevole  (Fig.  3),  a  hedgehog 
witb  its  spines  laden  with  grapes.  Motto,  Non  solum  nobis,  "  Not  for 
ourselves  alone." 


Fig.  3 — Amorevole  Academy. 


Animosi  of  Milan.  Stags  passing  a  river  resting  on  the  beads  of 
each  otber  (Fig.  4).  Motto,  Bant  animos  vices,  "  Mutual  help  gives 
strength." 


Fig.  4. — Animosi  Academy. 

Pliny  says  that  stags  "  passe  the  seas  swimming  by  flockes  and 

1  Matthiole,  '  Commentaire  sur  Diosooride.'     Lyon.  1572. 
2  For  vicls,  read  vices. 


AND  WAE-CEIES.  7 

whole  beards  in  a  long  row,  each  one  resting  his  head  upon  his  fellow 
next  before  him;  and  this  they  doe  in  course,  so  as  the  foremost 
retireth  behind  to  the  hindmost  by  turnes,  one  after  another."  1 

Arcadi.  This  academy  was  instituted  at  Eome,  in  1690,  by 
Crescimbeni,2  with  the  view  of  restoring  a  better  taste  in  literature. 
The  members  adopted  the  names  of  the  shepherds  of  antiquity.  Their 
device  was  a  Pan's  pipe,  surrounded  by  a  wreath  half  olive,  half 
pine.3 

Aedenti  or  Pisa.  Incense  burning  over  hot  coals,  with  the 
motto,  Nisi  ardeat,  "  Unless  it  burns," — useless  unless  inflamed. 
Without  an  ardent  desire  after  great  and  virtuous  things,  men  can 
never  arrive  at  distinction,  or  leave  a  name  behind  them. 

Ardenti  of  Naples.  A  sacrifice  upon  the  altar,  lighted  by  fire 
from  heaven.  OTPANO0EN,  "  From  heaven,"— every  good  gift 
comes  from  above. 

Ardenti  of  Viterbo.  A  bar  of  gold  in  a  crucible.  Donee 
purum,  "Until  clean." 

Catenati  of  Macerata  took  for  device  the  chain  of  gold  of 
Jupiter,  described  by  Homer  ;  the 

"  golden  everlasting  chain, 
Whose  strong  embrace  holds  heaven  and  earth  and  main." 

Iliad,  book  viii. 

Motto,  AMA  OPErOMENOI,  "  Pulling  together." 

Chiave  of  Pa  via.  On  the  death  of  his  father,  the  Marquis 
Pescara  left  Milan  and  settled  at  Pavia,  where  he  established  an 
academy  styled  "  Delle  Chiave,"  composed  entirely  of  noble  and 
illustrious  persons,  who  wore  a  golden  key  suspended  round  the  neck, 
and  also  bore  the  same  impresa,  with  the  motto,  Clauditur  et  aperitwr 
liberis,  "  It  is  shut  and  opened  to  the  free."  "  He  that  hath  the  key  of 
David,  that  openeth  and  no  man  shutteth,  and  shutteth  and  no  man 
openeth."4 

Citv  of  Casal  di  Montserrat.     The  sun  rising  in  the  east,  and 

1  Book  viii.,  ch.  33.  letters,   I.  M.  C.  P.  AEC.  C.  {Joannes 

2  Crescimbeni  died  in  1729,  and  was      Marius  Crescimbenius  pastorum  Arcadum 
buried  at  Eome,  in  the  basilica  of  S.      custos). 

Maria,  in  a  tomb  which  he  had  built  in  3  See    'Storia    del'   Accademia    degli 

his  lifetime.     On  the  stone  were  sculp-  Arcadi  in   Eoma,'  da   Gio.  Mario  Cres- 

turcd  the  arms  of  his  family,  with  the  cimbeni.     Lond.,  1S04. 

pastoral  flute  of  the  Arcadians,  and  these  4  Eev.  iii.  7. 


8 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


the  full  moon  setting  in  the  west.     Motto,  Lux  indeficiens,  "  Light 

never  wanting." 

Costanti.  The  sun  shining  upon  a  column ;  the  shadow  moves 
with  the  sun,  the  column  remains  unmoved.  Motto,  Tantum  volvitur 
umbra,  "  The  shadow  only  revolves." 

Crusca  (Accademia  della).  The  Accademia  Platonica,  founded 
in  Florence  about  the  middle  of  the  fifteenth  century  by  Cosmo  de' 
Medici,  flourished  greatly  under  the  auspices  of  his  grandson  Lorenzo, 


Fig.  5. — Delia  Crusca  Academy. 

but  was  supplanted  about  a  century  after  its  birth  by  another  society 
called  the  Sacra  Accademia  Fiorentina,  instituted  in  1542  by  Cosmo  I. 
The  attention  of  the  academy  was  wasted  on  the  most  fanciful  com- 
mentaries upon  the  earlier  Italian  poets ;  and,  on  the  death  of  Cosmo, 
five  of  the  academicians,  joined  by  the  famous  Leonardo  Salviati, 
seceded,  and  formed  another  society,  which  professed  to  cultivate  the 
Italian  language  by  winnowing  the  flour  {il  jiore)  from  the  bran  (la 
crusca).     They  chose  for  their  device  a  boulting-mill  (fruUone),  and 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  9 

the  motto.  II  pii't  bel  fior  ne  coglie,  and  assumed  the  title  of  Accademia 
della  Crusca,  the  members  taking  the  appropriate  names  of  Infarinato, 
Rimenato,  Gramolato,  Insaccato,  &c.  Their  sittings  were  held  in 
the  Palazzo  Eicardi :  the  backs  of  their  arm-chairs  were  in  the  form  of 
winnowing  shovels,  the  seats  representing  sacks.  Unfortunately,  the 
first  undertaking  of  this  academy  was  the  disgraceful  war  it  carried 
on  against  Tasso ;  but  it  afterwards  acquired  some  claim  to  the  grati- 
tude of  Italy  by  the  compilation  of  a  great  dictionary  of  the  Italian 
language,  of  which  several  enlarged  editions  have  been  made  under  its 
care.  Fig.  5  is  a  representation  of  the  device  of  the  academy,  taken 
from  the  frontispiece  of  the  first  edition  of  its  '  Vocabulario.'  The 
"  Marzocco,"  or  lion  of  Florence,  the  city's  emblem  and  its  war-cry, 
appears  at  the  top  of  the  shield. 

In  1783  Leopold  I.  united  the  academies  of  Florence,  Della  Crusca, 
and  the  Apatisti  into  one,  under  the  name  of  the  Royal  Florentine 
Academy.     Alfieri  wrote  a  bitter  sonnet  on  the  occasion : 

"L'idioraa  gentil,  sonante  e  pnro, 

Per  cui  d'oro  l'arene  Arno  volgea, 

Or  giace  aflitto,  mesto  e  mal  securo, 

Priva  di  chi  '  il  piii  bel  fior  ne  coglia.' 
Boreal  sceltro,  inesorabil,  dvtro ; 

La  Madre  la  spenlo  e  una  Matrigna  or  orca, 

Che  un  di  farallo  vilipeso,  oscuro. 

Quanto  caro  un  di  l'altro,  e  bello  il  fen. 
L'Antica  Madre  e  ver,  d'inerzia  ingombra, 

Avea  gran  tempo  Parte  sue  neglette ; 

Ma  per  lei  stava  del  gran  nome  l'ombra. 
Oh  Italia  a  quai  ti  mena  infami  strette 

L'esser  da  Gote  ancor  non  ben  disgombra 

Ti  sono  le  nude  voce  anco  interdette  !" 

Elevati  of  Ferrara.  Device,  Hercules  and  Antaeus.  The  motto 
from  Horace,  Super  at  tellus,  sidera  donat,  "  Earth  conquers  us,  yet 
gives  us  Heaven  ;"  in  Scripture  language,  "  Our  light  affliction  worketh 
for  us  a  far  more  exceeding  weight  of  glory." 

Eterea  of  Padua.  A  charioteer  in  his  car  in  the  air,  drawn  by 
a  white  and  a  black  horse,  the  one  endeavouring  to  touch  the  earth, 
the  other  striving  to  ascend  to  heaven.  Motto,  Victor  se  tollit  ad 
auras,  "The  victor  raises  himself  to  the  sky." 

Florimontana.     Established  at  Annecy  in  1606.      Device,  an 


10  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

orange-tree.  Motto,  Flores  fructusque  perennes,  "  Flowers  and  fruit 
perennial." 

G-ranelleschi.  In  1740,  some  of  the  most  distinguished  literary- 
men  of  the  age  formed  themselves,  at  Venice,  into  a  society  to  oppose 
themselves  to  the  torrent  of  bad  taste,  and  to  the  corruption  of  the 
Italian  language.  They  called  themselves  the  Society  of  the  Granel- 
leschi,  "  granelli"  meaning  a  fool  or  simpleton,  and  each  member  took 
for  his  device  two  "  granelli."  Their  president,  entitled  Arci-gra- 
nellone,  was  installed  in  a  chair,  on  the  back  of  which  was  an  owl 
holding  in  its  right  claw  two  "  granelli."  At  each  sitting,  they  began 
by  the  most  ridiculous  productions,  either  in  prose  or  verse,  and 
then  passed  on  to  the  graver  discussions  on  the  literary  principles 
they  wished  to  develop.  These  joyous  seavans  continued  for  many 
years  their  noisy  and  puerile  sottises,  but  contributed,  at  the  same 
time,  to  reform  the  public  taste  by  their  useful  and  profound 
labours.1 

Infiammatt  of  Padua.  Hercules  upon  the  funeral  pile  on  Mount 
(Eta.  Motto,  Arso  il  mortal,  al  del  riandra  Veterno,  "  The  mortal 
burned,  to  heaven  will  go  the  eternal " 2 —  "  Then  shall  the  dust 
return  to  the  earth  as  it  was,  and  the  spirit  shall  return  unto  God 
who  gave  it." 3 

Infocati.  A  bar  of  hot  iron  upon  an  anvil,  beaten  by  two 
hammers.  Motto,  In  quascunque  formas,  "  Into  what  shape  he 
will  " — "  Hath  not  the  potter  power  over  the  clay  ?" — "  There's  a 
divinity  that  shapes  one's  ends,  rough-hew  them  how  we  will." 

Insensatt  of  Perugia.  A  flock  of  cranes,  arranged  in  order, 
flying  across  the  sea,  each  with  a  stone  in  its  foot,  and  sand  in  its 
mouth.  Motto,  Vel  cum  pondere,  "  Even  with  this  weight," 
implying  that  its  members,  even  under  the  weight  of  business, 
private  or  domestic,  yet  found  time  for  literary  pursuits.  Cesare 
Gamba  used  the  same  device  (Fig.  6),  with  the  motto,  Iter  tutissimum, 
"  The  safest  journey,"4 — Le  voyage  est  plus  sur.  That  the  cranes 
used  stones  and  sand  for  ballast  is  recounted  by  Pliny.  In  the 
23rd  chapter  of  his  tenth  book  he  says,  "  When  they  mind  to  take  a 

1  Guiiiguene. 
"Virtue  blooms  3  Eccles.  xii.  7. 

Even  in  the  wreck  of  life,  4  Contile,     M.    Luca,    Ragionamento 

And  mounts  the  skies."  soprc    le    Imprese,    fol.       Pavia,    1574. 

H.  K.  White.  passim. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  11 

flight  over  the  sea  Pontus,  they  will  flie  directly  at  the  first  to  the 
narrow  streights  of  the  said  sea,  .  .  .  and  then  presently  they  ballaise 
themselves  with  stones  in  their  feet,  and  sand  in  their  throats,  that 


Fig.  6.— Cesare  Gamba,  Member  of  the  Insensati  Academy. 

they  flie  more  steadie  and  endure  the  wind.     When  they  be  halfe 
way  over,  down  they  fling  those  stones,  but  when  they  are  come  to 
the  continent,  the  sand  also  they  disgorge  out  of  their  craws." 
Again,  Drayton  writes : 

"  The  crane  to  labour,  fearing  some  rough  flaw, 
With  sand  and  gravel  burthening  his  craw ; 
Noted  by  man  which  by  the  same  did  find 
To  ballast  ships  for  steadiness  of  wind. 
And  by  the  form  and  order  of  his  flight, 
To  march  in  war,  and  how  to  watch  by  night." 

Drayton,  The  Owl. 
And  an  old  French  writer  says : 

"  Pour  n'elever  son  vol  ny  trop  haut  ny  trop  bas, 
La  grue  a  des  caillous  qu'en  ses  pieds  elle  porte ; 
Et  par  ce  contrepoids  elle  se  rend  plus  forte, 

Pour  s'empescber  de  choir  en  bas." 

The  Insensati  had  also  another  device,  a  swallow  passing  over  the 
sea  with  a  stick  in  its  mouth,  which,  it  is  said,  she  lays  upon  the 


12 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


water  to  support  her  when  she  requires  rest  (Fig.  7).  Motto,  Difessa 
non  diffisa,  "Weary  not  distrusting  " — Faint  but  pursuing — "I  bate 
no  jot  of  heart  or  hope " — Toute   lasse  quest,    elle   est   pleine   de 


cceur. 


Fig.  1  — Insensati  Academy. 


Intronati  of  Siena.  A  gourd  for  containing  salt,  with  two 
pestles  over  it.     Motto,  Meliora  latent,  "  The  better  part  is  hidden." 

Lesina.  An  awl  (Fig.  8).  Motto,  L'  assottigliar  la  piu  meglio 
anchefora,  "  The  more  it  is  sharpened  the  better  it  penetrates." 


Fig.  S. — Lesina  Academy. 


Lincei,  Accademia  de',  founded  in  Rome  in  1603,  by  Prince 
Frederic  Cesi,  with  the  object  of  encouraging  a  taste  for  natural 
history.  It  is  the  most  ancient  academy  in  Italy  that  had  not  poetry 
and  literature  for  its  end.  The  name  they  adopted  was  the  Lynx 
Academy,  because  the  academicians  should  have  the  eyes  of  a  lynx,  to 
penetrate  into  the  secrets  of  nature.  They  adopted  the  lynx  for  their 
device,  and  wore  a  golden  ring  with  an  emerald,  upon  which  was 
engraved  a  lynx,  the  name  of  the  founder,  and  that  of  the  academy. 
The  number  of  its  members  was  small;  among  them  were  Galileo, 
Fabio  Colonna,  and  in  the  Neapolitan  branch  was  Giambattista  Porta, 
who  used  the  device  of  the  academy,1  with  the  motto,  Aspicit  et 
inspirit,  "  Looks  at  and  looks  into."  To  this  celebrated  philosopher 
and  mathematician  we  are  indebted  for  the  invention  of  the  camera 
obscura. 

1  See  also,  '  Empire,  Charles  IV.' 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


13 


Occulti.  A  thrush.  Taciturnus  turdus,  "  A  silent  thrush."  A 
steel  striking  fire.  Exilit  quod  delituit,  "  Out  leaps  what  was 
hidden  " — Opportunity  shows  the  man. 

Offuscati.  A  bear l  attacking  a  hive  (Fig.  9),  that  the  stings  of 
the  bees  may  stimulate  and  rouse  him  from  the  heaviness  which 
oppresses  him.  Motto,  Aciem  acuunt  aeulei,  "  Stings  sharpen  his 
appetite  " — Opposition  animates — Les  oppositions  font  croitre. 


Fie.  0. — Offuscati  Acaderu}'. 

Ostinati.  A  pyramid  blown  from  all  quarters  by  the  winds. 
Motto,  Frustra,  "  In  vain" — "  It  stands  four-square  to  all  the  winds 
of  heaven." 

Einovati.  Three  serpents  coiled  together  issuing  from  the  ground, 
and  rearing  their  heads  towards  the  sun  to  revive  and  invigorate  them 
after  the  torpidity  of  winter  (Fig.  10).  Motto,  Quos  bruma  tegebat, 
"  Which  winter  hid."     Thus  Ariost  o — 

TJa  gran  drappel  di  bisce, 
Che  dopo  il  verao  al  sol  si  goda  c  lisce." 

Orlando  Furiosn. 


1  "  Subject  they  are  many  times  to  with  their  stings  make  them  bleed  about 
dimnesse  of  sight,  for  which  cause  espe-  the  head,  and  by  that  meanes  discharge 
cially  they  seeke  after  honey-combes,  that  them  of  that  heavinesse  which  troubleth 
the  bees  might   settle  upon  them,  and      their  eyes." — Pliny,  book  viii.,  ch.  36. 

2  For  acuent,  read  acdunt. 


14 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


"  So  when  in  clustering  knots  a  snaky  brood, 
Reviving  joyful  with  the  spring  renew'd, 
Bask  in  the  sun." — Hoole's  Translation. 


Fig.  10. — Rinovati  Academy. 

Sonnachiosi  of  Bologna.  A  bear,  which  animal,  according  to 
Pliny l  and  Aristotle,  sleeps  six  continuous  months  of  the  year.  Motto, 
Sjpero  avanzar  con  la  vigilia  il  sonno,  "  I  hope  by  vigils  to  make  up 
for  sleep;"  implying  that  as  the  members  had  hitherto  been  lazy  and 
indifferent  to  fame,  henceforth  they  would  strive  by  study  to  make  up 
for  lost  time. 

Trasformati  of  Milan.     A  plane  tree,  with  the  verse  of  Virgil, 
"  JEt  steriles  platani  malos  gessere  valentes,"  "  The  barren  plane  hath 
borne  a  worthy  fruit " — Cut  out  of  a  wild  olive  tree  and  grafted  in. 
Travagliati.     A  sieve  (vaglio)  (Fig.  11),  with  the  motto,  Donee 

purum,  "  Until  clean." 

Unanimi.  Bees  flying  round  a  hive. 
Motto,  Omnibus  idem  ardor,  "  One  spirit 
fires  them  all." 2 

1  "  After  the  first  fourteen  daies  (after  they  have 
taken  up  their  lodging)  they  sleepe  so  soundly  that 
they  cannot  possibly  be  wakened,  if  a  man  should  lay 
on  and  wound  them.  In  this  drowsinesse  of  theirs  they 
grow  wondrous  fat." — Book  viii.,  ch.  36. 

2  Other    mottoes    of    similar    signification : — Mens 
Fig.  11.— TravagUali  Academy.  ° 

omnibus  una   (Virgil),  "  One   mind   in  all."     Labor 
omnibus  idem,  "  The  same  labour  to  all."     Omnibus  una  quies,  "  One  rest  to  all." 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  15 

As  bees  work  with  the  one  end,  that  of  making  honey,  so  the 
academy  unite  in  the  one  aim  that  the  whole  world  shall  profit  by  their 
labours. 

Bees  formed  also  the  impresa  of  another  literary  society,  that  of  the 
Mouche  a  miel,  instituted  in  1703,  at  Sceaux,  by  the  Duchesse  de 
Maine,  for  women  as  well  as  for  men.  The  ensign  of  the  order  was  a 
medal  of  gold,  bearing  on  one  side  the  portrait  of  the  foundress  and 
her  title,1  on  the  other  a  bee  flying  towards  the  hive,  with  the  motto, 
Je  suis  petite,  mats  mes  piqures  sont  profondes,  "  I  am  little,2  but  my 
stings  are  deep." 

The  initiatory  oath  taken  by  the  knights  was  framed  in  the  fol- 
lowing words  : — "  Je  jure,  par  les  abeilles  du  mont  Hymette,  fidelite  et 
obeissance  a  la  directrice  perpetuelle  de  l'ordre,  de  porter  toute  ma  vie 
la  medaille  de  la  Mouche,  et  d'accomplir,  tant  que  je  vivrai,  les  statuts 
de  l'ordre,  et,  si  je  fausse  mon  serment,  je  consens  que  le  miel  se  change 
pour  moi  en  fiel,  la  cire  en  suif,  les  fleurs  en  orties,  et  que  les  guepes 
et  les  frelons  me  percent  de  leurs  aiguillons." 

Accolti,  B'ernaedo,  of  Arezzo,  the  favourite  poet  at  the  court  of 
Urbino,  celebrated  for  his  exquisite  skill  in  adapting  his  verses  to  the 
music  with  which  he  accompanied  them.  Hence  he  was  called 
"  Uunico  Aretino."     Ariosto  designates  him  as 

"  II  gran  lurne  Aretin,  1'unico  Accolti." 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  xlvi.,  st.  10. 

Accolti  was  one  of  the  apostolic  secretaries  of  Leo  X.,  and  such 
effect  had  his  talents  produced  upon  the  people  of  Kome,  that  when  it 
was  known  that  Accolti  intended  to  recite  his  verses,  the  shops  were 
shut  as  for  a  holiday,  he  was  honoured  by  a  solemn  torchlight  pro- 
cession, and  attended  by  a  body  of  Swiss  guards.  On  one  occasion, 
when  Leo  X.  had  sent  to  request  he  would  favour  him  with  a  visit, 
as  soon  as  he  had  made  his  appearance,  the  Pope  cried  out,  "  Open  all 
the  doors,  and  let  in  the  crowd."  His  auditors  were  so  delighted,  that 
they  exclaimed,  "  Long  live  the  divine  poet,  the  unparalleled  Aretino." 
But,  as  Boscoe  observes,  one  circumstance  only  is  wanting  to  his  glory, 
that  his  works  should  have  perished  with  him.      Those  which  have 

1  The  legend  ran  thus — L.  BAR.  D.  SC.       Baronne  de  Sceaux,  directrice  perpe'tuelle 
D.  P.  D.  L.  O.  D.  L.  M.  A.  M.  "  Louise,       de  l'ordre  de  la  Mouche  a  miel." 
2  "  The  bee  is  little  among  such  as  fly." — Ecoles.  xi.  3. 


1G 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


survived  him  are  far  inferior  to  the  idea  that  must  be  formed  of  them, 
from  the  accounts  given  by  his  contemporaries  of  the  astonishing 
effect  they  produced. 

Accolti's  device  was  an  eagle  proving 1  its  young  (Fig.  12).  Motto, 
Sic  crede,  "  So  believe,"  implying  that  our  faith,  like  the  gaze  of  the 
eagle,  should  be  fixed  on  one  object ;   Unuin  aspicit,  "  It  beholds  but 


one. 


tmmmmffli; 


Fig.  12. — Bernardo  Accolti. 


Speaking  of  the  eagle,  Pliny  tells  us  : 

"  Before  that  her  little  ones  bee  feathered,  she  will  beat  and  strike 
them  with  her  wings,  and  thereby  force  them  to  looke  full  against  the 
sunne  beames.  Now,  if  shee  see  any  one  of  them  to  winke,  or  their 
eies  to  water  at  the  raies  of  the  sunne,  shee  turns  it  with  the  head 
forward  out  of  the  nest,  as  a  bastard  and  not  right,  not  none  of  hers ; 
but  bringeth  up  and  cherisheth  that,  whose  eie  will  abide  the  light  of 
the  sunne,  as  she  looketh  directly  upon  him."  4 


1  L'aigle  e'prouve  an  soleil  les  petits  de 
son  ayre. 

2  Other  mottoes  have  been  used  with 
this  device: — Con  certa  fede,  "With 
assured  faith.  Degeneris  animis  lux, 
"  Light  to  degenerate  souls,"  by  Catherine, 
Queen  of  Poland.  Generi  laudemque 
fidemque, "  Alike  glory  and  faith  in  my 
race,"  by  Pope  Paul  V.  Mei  non  dege- 
nerant,  "  Mine  do  not  degenerate,"  Gab. 

4  Book 


Cesarini.  Sudinuere  diem  (from  Lucan), 
"  They  have  maintained  their  day."  See 
also, '  Montmajeur '  '  Savoy,  Charles  Em- 
manuel,' and  '  England,  William  Rufus.' 
And  again — 

"  Mai  non  nutnsce  il  corvo  i  figli  nati, 
Se  ncgra  piuma  in  lor  nascer  non  vede 
Ne  l'aquila,  se  al  sol  non  son  restati, 
I  polli  suoi,  esser  suoi  figli  crede." 

Accolti. 
3  For  vnam,  read  vncjm. 
x  ,  ch.  3. 


AND  WAR-OKIES.  17 

So   Richard,  Duke  of  Gloucester,    addresses   the   young   Prince 

Edward  : 

"  Nay,  if  thou  be  that  princely  eagle's  bird, 
Show  thy  descent  by  gazing  at  the  sun." 

King  Henry  VI.,  3rd  Part,  Act  ii.,  sc.  1. 

And  Ariosto  styles  the  eagle — 

"  The  bird 
That  dures  with  steadfast  eyes  Apollo's  light." 

Boole's  Translation. 

Accolti  makes  it  the  subject  of  a  sonnet: 

"  JBenche  simili  sieno  e  degli  artigli 

E  del  capo,  e  del  pello,  e  de  le  piume, 

Se  manca  lor  la  perfettion  del  lume, 

Riconoscer  non  vuol  l'aquila  i  figli. 
Perche  una  parte,  che  non  le  simigli, 

Fa  che  non  esser  sue  1'  altre  presume, 

Magnanima  natura,  alto  costume, 

Degno  onde  essempio  un  saggio  ainante  pigli. 
Che  la  sua  donna,  sua  creder  che  siti 

Non  de,  s'  a  pensier  suoi,  s'  a  desir  suoi, 

S'  a  tutte  voglie  sue,  non  1'  ha  conforme. 
Pero  non  siete  in  un  da  me  difforme, 

Benche  mi  si  confaccia  it  piu  di  voi, 

O  nulla,  o  si  convien  tutta  esser  mia." 

Agnes  Sorel.     See  Sorel. 

Alba,  Fernando  Alvarez  de  Toledo,  Duke  of  (-f-  1582),  the 
first  general  of  his  age  ;  better  known  in  history  as  the  Duke  of  Alva. 
He  gained  the  battle  of  Muhlberg,  was  at  the  siege  of  Metz  with 
Charles  V.,  and  in  1555  was  appointed  Vicar-General  of  the  House 
of  Austria  in  Italy.  From  1566  to  1575  he  was  the  scourge  of  the 
Netherlands,  where  he  left  the  eternal  memory  of  his  cruelties. 

At  a  bull-fight,  having  to  enter  the  lists  after  some  of  the  Fonseca 
family,  who  bore  the  stars  of  their  arms  as  their  device,1  the  Duke  of 
Alba  took  that  of  Aurora  driving  away  the  stars,  with  the  motto,  Al 
parecer  de  V  Alba  s'  ascondan  las  estrellas,  "'  At  the  appearance  of 
dawn  (alba)  the  stars  hide  themselves  "  (Fig.  13). 

When,  at  the  bare  apprehension  of  his  approach,  the  Turks  fled 

from  the  Neapolitan  territory,  a  basilisk2  was  represented  driving  out 

serpents,  with  the  motto,  Tu  nomine  tantum,  "  Thou  by  thy  name 

only." 

1  Menestrier,  '  Traits  des  Tournois.' 
2  An  imaginary  animal  resembling  the       cock,    barbed   tongue,  and   the   tail  ter- 
drngon,  but  with  eagles'  legs,  head  of  a       minaling  in  the  head  of  a  dragon. 

C 


18 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


The  basilisk,  so  called  from  the  crest  or  diadem  on  his  head,  was 
of  old  celebrated  for  its  death-giving  power.     Pliny  says  : 

"  We  come  now  to  the  basiliske,  whom  all  other  serpents  do  flie 
from  and  are  afraid  of ;  albeit  he  killeth  them  with  his  very  breath 
and  smell  that  passeth  from  him ;  yea  and  (by  report)  if  he  do  but  set  his 
eye  on  a  man,  it  is  enough  to  take  away  his  life."1 


Fie;.  1 3.— Puke  of  Alba. 

King  Henry  VI.,  when  he  hears  of  the  death  of  his  uncle 
Humphrey,  the  good  Duke  of  Gloucester,  says  to  Suffolk — 

"  Come,  basilisk, 
And  kill  the  innocent  gazer  with  thy  sight." 

King  Henry  VI.,  2nd  Part,  Act  iii.,  sc.  2. 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher  also  speak  of 

"  The  basilisk's  death-doing  eye." 

The  Woman-hater. 

On  the  return  of  the  Duke  of  Alba  from  the  Netherlands,  he  took 
the  device  of  a  falcon  hooded.  Motto,  Vincior  id  vici,  "  I  am  bound, 
as  I  have  conquered."  This  must  refer  to  his  temporary  disgrace 
and  banishment  to  the  castle  of  Uzeda. 

Alciato,  Andrea  (-f-  1550).  This  Italian  jurisconsult,  renowned 
for  his  eloquence  and  knowledge  of  the  law,  was  author  of  one  of  the 
earliest  books  of  emblems,  published  in  1522,  and  which  has  been  trans- 
lated into  almost  every  European  language.     He  took  for  his  own  the 

1  Book  xxix.,  ch.  4. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  19 

cornu-copiae,  or  horn  of  Arnalthea,  with  the   caduceus   of  Mercury, 
implyiDg,  that  the  study  of  law  and  literature  might  be  combined. 

Alessandri,  Alessandro  d'  (  -f-  1523),  a  lawyer  of  Naples,  of 
extensive  learning,  and  member  of  the  Neapolitan  Academy.  He 
took  for  device  a  serpent  stopping  its  ears.  Motto,  Ut  prudentid 
vivam,  "  That  I  may  live  wisely."  As  the  serpent  refuses  to  hear  the 
voice  of  the  charmer,  by  laying  one  ear  against  the  ground  and  closing 
the  other  with  her  tail,  so  the  wise  man  imitates  the  prudence  of 
the  reptile,  and  refuses  to  listen  to  the  words  of  malice  and  slander. 

"  What,  art  thou,  like  the  ad'der,  waxen  deaf? 

Be  poisonous  too." 

King  Henry  VI.,  2nd  Part,  Act  ii.,  sc.  2. 

"  Pleasure  and  revenge  have  ears  more  deaf  than  adders 
To  the  voice  of  any  true  decision." 

Troilus  and  Cressida,  Act  ii.,  sc.  2. 

"  Da  me  s'  aseonde,  come  aspide  suole, 
Che,  per  star  empio,  il  cauto  udir  non  vuole," 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  xxxii.  19. 

'  He  flies  me  now — nor  more  attends  my  pain 
Than  the  deaf  adder  heeds  the  charmers  strain." 

Hoole's  Translation. 

Altoviti,  Antonio,  Archbishop  of  Florence  (-f  157  3).  A  dog 
guarding  a  flock  of  sheep.  Non  dormit  qui  custodit,  "  He  sleeps  not 
who  guards,"  a  paraphrase  of  the  Psalmist  (Ps.  exxi.) :  "  He  that 
keepeth  Israel  shall  neither  slumber  nor  sleep." 

Alviano,  Bartolomeo  d',  of  Orvieto,  a  brave  but  unfortunate 
general  When  the  League  of  Cambray  was  formed  by  Louis  XII., 
Maximilian,  Ferdinand  the  Catholic,  and  Pope  Julius  II ,  against 
Venice,  1508,  Alviano  commanded  the  army  of  the  Kepublic.  He 
was  taken  prisoner  at  the  battle  of  Aignadel,1  1509,  but  liberated 
when  peace  was  made  in  1513  between  Venice  and  France.  He  was 
again  defeated  at  Vicenza  by  Pescara  and  Prospero  Colonna,  but,  by 
his  timely  succour,  decided  the  victory  in  favour  of  Francis  I.  at 

1  Called  also  Ghiaradada.  It    was    on    this    occasion    Louis    XII. 

"  Vedete,  dice  poi,  di  gente  movta  called    out,   "  En   avant,   que   ceux    qui 

Coperta  in  Ghiaradada  la  campagna."  ont       m   ge   mettent   a   l'abri    derriere 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  xxxm.  .  f  ,  ,         ,      ^ 

«  Behold,  he  cries,  what  ghastly  piles  of  slam  moi."     Ten  thousand  men  lay  dead  on 

Are  stretch'd  on  Ghiaradada's  fatal  plain."  the  field. 


Hoole's  Translation. 


c  2 


20 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


Marignano,  1515,  against  the  Swiss — the  "Bataille  des  Geants,"  as  it 

was  termed. 

Alviano    rushed    in    with    a    body    of    cavalry,    shouting    the 

Venetian  war-cry  of  "  Marco,"  and  inspired  the  French  with  fresh 

courage.     The  recovery  of  the  Milanese  was  the  consequence  of  this 

victory.     Alviano  died  shortly  afterwards. 

"  Yedete  il  re  Francesco  innanzi  a  tutti, 
Che  cosi  rorape  a'  Svizzeri  le  corna, 
Che  poco  resta  a  non  gli  aver  distrutti ; 
Si  che  il  titolo  mai  piu  non  gli  adorna, 
Che  nsurpato  s'  avrnn  quei  villan  brutti ; 
Che  domator'  de'  principi  e  difesa 
Si  nomeran  della  Christiana  Chiesa." 

Orlando  Furioxo,  Canto  xxxiii.,  st.  43. 

"  King  Francis  see  with  generous  ardour  burn ; 
He  breaks  the  Switzer's  pride,  whose  barbarous  host 
Had  swell'd  their  titles  with  presuming  boast : 
And  styled  themselves  by  Heaven's  high  will  prepared, 
The  scourge  of  princes  and  the  church's  guard." 

Hoolk's  Translation. 

Alviano  was  the  great  champion  of  the  Orsini  family,  and  he 
expelled  the  troops  of  Pope  Alexander  VI.  and  Caesar  Borgia  from 
Viterbo  and  other  of  their  cities. 


Fig.  14. — Bait.  (V Alviano. 


When  he  took  Viterbo  and  dispersed  the  Gattesca  faction,  whom  he 
termed  the  poison  of  the  city,  Alv.ano  caused  to  be  embroidered  on  his 
standard,  a  unicorn  at  a  fountain,  surrounded  by  snakes,  toads,  and 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  '21 

other  reptiles,  and  stirring  up  the  water  with  his  horn  before  he 
drinks  (Fig.  14).  Motto,  Venena  pello,  "I  expel  poisons,"  alluding  to 
the  property  of  detecting  poison  at  that  period  assigned  to  the  horn 
of  the  unicorn.1  This  standard  was  lost  on  the  fatal  day  of  Yicenza. 
Marcantonio  da  Monte,  who  carried  it,  being  mortally  wounded,  kept 
the  tattered  rent  clasped  in  his  arms,  and  never  loosed  it  from  his 
grasp  until  he  fell  dead  on  the  field. 

Amboise,  Adbien,  Bishop  of  Treguier  (-f-  1616).  His  device  was 
a  hive  of  bees.  Motto,  Plus  mellis  quam  fellis,  "  More  of  honey  than 
of  gall," — proper,  says  Paradin,  to  a  doctor  of  the  honeyed  eloquence 
of  St.  Ambrose. 

Amboise,  Geobges,  Cardinal  d'  (-J-  1510),  Bishop  of  Eouen  at  the 
age  of  fourteen,  minister  and  favourite  of  Louis  XII.,  whom  he  led 
into  many  political  errors  to  further  his  own  designs  of  obtaining  the 
Papacy.  So  great  was  his  influence  over  the  mind  of  his  master,  that 
when  any  difficult  question  arose,  the  king  would  say,  "  Laissez  faire  a 
Georges,  il  est  homme  dage,"  implying  he  had  experience  to  get  out 
of  the  difficulty — experience  being  the  fruit  of  age.  This  saying  has 
passed  into  a  proverb.  The  cardinal  built  the  Chateau  of  Gaillon, 
which  cost,  at  the  present  value  of  money,  above  £100,000 — a  perfect 
specimen  of  the  style  of  the  Ptenaissance.  One  of  its  gateways  now 
stands  in  the  court  of  the  Ecole  des  Beaux  Arts,  at  Paris. 

"  Trop  airoable  Gaillon,  ta  beaute  sans  seconde, 
Te  doit  bien  meltre  au  rang  des  merveilles  du  monde." 


1  The   "essai"    of  unicorn's  horn  is  convenable    matiere    ne    pouvoit    estre 

frequently  mentioned  iu  inventories.  compose'e  la  main  de  justice,  laquelle  doit 

"1391.  Une  manche  d'or  d'un  essay  de  estre    nette   et   sans  venin." — Fauchet, 

lincourne   pour    attoucher   aux   viandes  Antiquitez  Gaulcoises,  1579. 

de  Monseigneur  le  Dauphin." — Comptes  Heutzner,  who  visited  England  in  1598, 

Boyauz.  writes  :  "  We  were  shown  here  (Windsor) 

"1408.     Une  piece  de  licorne  a  faire  the  horn  of  a  unicorn  of  about  eight  spans 

essay,  a  ung  bout  d' argent."—  Inv.  des  and  a  half  iu  length  valued  at  above 

Dues  de  Bonrgogne.  1000?." — Travels. 

"  1536.    Une  touche  de  licorne,  garnie  "  1607.   Among  some  articles  of  jewel- 

d'or,  pour  faire  essay." — Inv.  de  Charles  lery  mortgaged  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  and 

Quint.  given  by  James  I.  to  his  queen,  is  '  one 

"  1539.    Charles  cinquieme,  empereur,  little  cup  of  uuicorn's  horn,  with  a  cover 

passant  en  France  pour  aller  en  Flandres,  of  gold,  set  with  two  pointed  diamonds 

luy  estant  monstre  le  thiesor  de  Sainct  and  three  pearls  pendent,  being  in  weight 

Denis    avec    la    couronne    et   ornemens  1\  ounces.' " — Pell  Becords. 

royaux  que  Ton  y  garde,  quelqu'un  luy  "  The  unicorn,  whose  horn  is  worth  a 

disant  que  ceste  main  estoit  taille'e  d'une  city." — Deckeh,  The   G tile's  Horneboohe, 

piece  de  licorne,  respondit  que  de  plus  1609. 


22 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


Though  called  the  Medicis  of  France,  Amboise  may  be  more  fitly 
compared  with  Wolsey,  his  rival  in  architecture  at  Hampton  Court ;  and 
the  dying  exclamation  of  Cardinal  Amboise  will  be  remembered  as  long 
as  that  of  Wolsey,  '■  Oh,  l'rere  Jean,  que  n'ai  je  ete  toute  ma  vie,  frere 
Jean !  "  His  motto  was,  Pontifices  agite  et  vos  reges  dicite  justa, 
"  Pontiffs  do,  and  ye  kings  speak  what  is  right." 

A  magnificent  monument,  erected  by  his  nephew,  is  in  the  cathedral 
of  Rouen.     Eight  thousand  priests  attended  his  funeral. 

"  Amlioise  est  a  ses  pies,  ce  ministre  fidele, 
Qui  seul  aima  la  France  et  fut  seiil  aime  d*elle." 

Voltaire,  Henriude. 

Amboise,  Charles  d',  Sieur  de  Chaumont  (-f-  1510),  Marshal  of 
France,  Governor  of  Milan,  nephew  of  the  cardinal. 

As  his  first  device,  he  bore  the  burning  mountain,  chaud-mont,  in 
allusion  to  his  name  (Fig.  15).     He  afterwards  changed  it  to  a  wild 


Fig.  15.— Cbsules  d' Amboise,  Sieur  de  Chaumont. 

man  with  a  club  in  his  hand  (Fig.  16),  and  the  motto,  Mitem  animum 
agresti  sub  tegmine  scdbro,  "  I  preserve  a  gentle  mind  under  a  rough 
covering;"  meaning  that  although  war  required  him  to  assume  a 
rough  exterior,  he  yet  retained  his  suavity  of  manners.  This  device 
he  bore  embroidered  upon  the  pennon  of  his  company. 

He  built  the  princely  Chateau  of  Meillant l  (Nievre  et  Cher),  the 

1  It  has  been  termed  the  Alhambra  of  Berrv. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


23 


name  being  a  corruption  of  Milan.  The  castle  is  covered  with  C's 
interlaced,  and  the  burning  mountain,  with  other  armorial  cognisances 
of  the  house  of  Amboise.1  It  was  said  at  the  time,  "  Milan  a  fait 
Meillant,  et  Chateaubriant  a  deffait  et  perdu  Milan ; "  that  is,  that  the 
gains  of  Chaumont,  when  governor,  had  enabled  him  to  build  Mont 
Meillant,  and  the  faults  of  Lautrec  2  had  lost  Milan. 


Fig,  16. — Charles  d'Amboise,  Sieuv  de  Chaumont. 

Anjou,  Francois  de  France,  Duke  of  (-j-  1584),  fifth  and  youngest 
son  of  Henry  II.  He  was  first  styled  Duke  of  Alengon,  by  which 
name  he  is  best  known  as  the  suitor  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  After  her 
rejection  of  him,  the  people  of  the  Low  Countries  chose  him  their 
protector  against  the  tyranny  of  Spain,  and  declared  him  Duke  of 
Brabant.  But  the  indiscretion  and  evil  counsels  of  his  advisers  caused 
the  people  to  rise  against  him,  and  he  was  compelled  to  retire  to 
France,  where  he  died  soon  afterwards. 

When  he  went  to  the  Low  Countries,  he  took  the  device  of  the 
rising  sun  dispersing  the  mists  and  clouds  (Fig.  17),  with  the  motto, 
Fovet  et  discutit,  "  It  nourishes  and  dissipates ;" 3  implying  that  he, 


1  The  Chateau  of  Chaumont  on  the 
Loire  is  likewise  decorated  with  the  inter- 
laced C's  and  the  burning  mountain. 

2  Brother  of  Madame  de  Chateau- 
briant (Franeoise  dc  Foix). 


3  "  Bronze  Gilt  Medal;  Francois  Due 
d' Anjou  (1554-84).  Obverse,  bust  to  the 
right.  Be  verse,  the  sun  rising  from  the 
sea,  and  dispersing  clouds.  Diam.  l\ 
inch." — South  Kensington  Museum. 


24 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


like  the  sun,  would  dispel  the  clouds  of  the  political  horizon,  and  prove 
the  light  and  protection  of  the  Provinces. 


Fig.  17. — Francois,  liukti  of  Anjou. 

Anjou,  Rene  (-f-  1480),  Duke  of  Anjoti,  and  titular  king  of  three 
kingdoms ;  he  was  also  Duke  of  Lorraine  by  right  of  his  wife,1  and 
from  him  the  houses  of  Lorraine  and  Guise  descend. 

"  Reyner,  descender]  from  the  royal  stem 
Of  France,  the  Duke  of  Anjou,  styled  King 
Of  Naples,  Siuil,  and  Jerusalem  ; 
Although  in  them  he  had  not  any  thing 
But  the  poor  title  of  a  diadem.'' 

Drayton,  Miseries  of  Queen  Margaret. 

In  '  King  Henry  VI.'  the  Duke  of  York  tauntingly  observes  to  Rene's 
daughter,  Queen  Margaret — 

"  Thy  father  bears  the  type  of  King  of  Naples, 
Of  both  the  Sicils  and  Jerusalem ; 
Yet  not  so  wealthy  as  an  English  yeoman." 

King  Henry  VI.,  3rd  Part,  Act  i.,  sc.  4. 


1  His  titles  are  thus  set  forth  in  a  poem 
by  Croissant  Or,  his  kmg-at-arms  : — 

"  Detrois.puissans  royaumes  soubs  tymbres  coronne'es 
Porte  en  chef  en  ses  avmes,  le  noble  Roy  Rene, 
Hongne,  et  Sicile,  Hierusalem  aussi, 
Ainsl  que  voir  pouvez  en  cet  escrit  icy 
1)' Anjou  et  Bar  en  piedz,  duchez  de  grand  venom 
Et  an  voial  escu  suv  le  tout  d'Avagon." 


Which  is  thus  rendered  : — 

"  The  three  great  realms  under  a  crowned  crest, 
Noble  King  Rene  bears  as  chief  and  best, 
Hungary,  Sicily,  and  Jerusalem  ; 
And  here  you  behold  the  royal  stem, 
Anjou  and  Bar,  duchies  of  great  renown, 
And  over  all  the  shield  of  Aragon." 


AND  WAK-  CRIES. 


25 


Imprisoned  by  his  nephew,  Bene  resigned  his  dnchy,  and  retired  to 
Provence,  where,  by  his  paternal  rule,  the  "  good  King  Rene  "  is  said 
to  have  restored  the  Golden  Age : 

,:  On  vit  par-tout.,  aux  bords  de  la  Durance, 
De  grands  tronpeaux  <le  moutons  et  de  bceufs  : 
Poules  alors  pondoient  de  plus  gros  ceufs, 
Et  l'age  d'or  existoit  en  Provence." 

Les  Vers  a  soie. 

The  good  King  Eene,  hoping  that  better  times  would  put  him  in 
possession  of  the  kingdoms  of  which  he  bore  the  title,  took  for  his 
device  a  bullock,  bearing  an  escutcheon  with  his  arms  (Fig.  18).  Motto, 
Pas  a  pas,  "  Step  by  step  ;"  meaning  that  though  the  bullock  walks 


Fig.  IS. — King  Kene  of  Anjou. 

slowly,  yet  in  time,  it  achieves  the  end  of  his  journey ;  and  thus  he 
hoped,  little  by  little,  to  advance  his  cause  and  arrive  by  slow  degrees 
at  the  object  of  his  ambition. 

Having  lost  his  wTife,  Isabella  of  Lorraine,  to  whom  he  was  much 
attached,  he  took  for  device  a  Turkish  bow  with  the  string  broken 
(Fig.  19).  Motto,  Arco  per  lentar  piaga  non  sana,  "  Unstringing  the 
bow  does  not  heal  the  wound,"  wishing  to  mark  that  the  death  of  his 
wife  had  not  effaced  the  love  he  bore  towards  her. 

This  motto,  Bebander  Tare  ne  guerit  pas  la  playe,  has  passed  into 
a  proverb  in  France,  and  applies  also  to  grief,  injuries,  and  an  infinity 
of  evils  which  time  does  not  efface  from  the  memory. 

Another  device  of  King  Eene  is  a  mailed  arm  issuing  from  a  cloud 
and  holding  a  sword.     Motto,  Toutes  pour  une.     This  emblem  was 


26 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


continued  by  his  descendants,  and  was  borne  on  the  banner  of  his 
grandson,  Duke  Rene  II.,  when  he  led  the  advanced  guard  at  the 
battle  of  Nancy. 


Fig.  19. — King  Rene  of  Anjou. 


One  of  his  imprese  d'amore  was  a  flaming  brazier  (Fig.  20),  with 
the  motto,  D'ardant  desir.1 


Fig.  20. — King  Rene  of  Anjou. 

King  Rene  instituted  the  order  of  the  Croissant  d'or.  The  badge 
was,  a  golden  crescent,  inscribed  with  the  motto,  Los  en  croissant ; 
meaning  that  we  acquire  fresh  praise — los,  louanges — as  we  increase  in 
virtue  and  honour. 

In  the  South  Kensington  Museum  is  a  circular  piece  of  Delia  Robbia 
ware  in  relief  of  nearly  eleven  feet  in  diameter.  Encircled  by  a 
massive  border  are  the  arms  and  crest  of  King  Rene.  At  the  base  of  the 
escutcheon  is  a  crescent  inscribed  with  the  motto  of  the  order,  and  on 


1  "Pour 


devise  chauffettes  porte  d'ardant  dear.'' 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  27 

each  side  a  burning  brazier  (pot  enflamme),  united  by  a  scroll  with 
the  words  Dardant  Desir.  This  fine  specimen  of  enamelled  terracotta 
formed  part  of  the  external  decoration  of  a  villa '  near  Florence.  Fig.  20 
is  taken  from  it. 

Aquino,  Luigi  d\  Lord  of  Castiglione  (Naples),  because  his  father, 
in  the  War  of  the  Barons,  had  died  in  the  service  of  his  king,  and 
others  of  his  predecessors  had  also  proved  their  fidelity,  Luigi  took 
as  his  device  the  swan,  which  never  varies  in  colour,  with  the  motto, 
Unius  coloris,  "  Of  one  colour,"  to  show  the  unchanging  loyalty  of  his 
house. 

When  the  fortunes  of  the  family  revived,  his  son  and  successor, 
Don  Carlo,  took  the  device  of  the  diver  (mergus),  which,  when  im- 
mersed in  the  water,  rises  again.  The  motto,  Mersa  emerget,  "  Though 
sunk  it  shall  rise." 2 

Aragon,  Cardinal  of.3  Repenting  of  having  elected  Leo  X.  as 
Pope,  he  took  as  his  device  a  blank  tablet,  with  a  motto,  Melior  for- 
tune/, notabit,  alluding  to  the  fashion  among  the  Eomans  of  casting 
every  day  into  an  urn,  stones  of  different  colours,  as  the  person  per- 
forming the  ceremony  was  fortunate  or  unfortunate.  When  the  day 
was  lucky  and  fortune  propitious,  the  stone  was  white ;  when  unlucky, 
black.4  At  the  end  of  the  year  they  computed  the  balance  of  the 
whole.5 

"  A  custom  was  of  old,  and  still  remains, 
Which  life  or  death  by  suffrages  ordains; 
White  stones  and  black  within  an  urn  are  cast  ; 
The  first  absolve,  but  fate  is  in  the  last.'' 

Dryden. 

Arbusani,  Benedetto,  Podesta  of  Padua  at  the  time  of  the  League 
of  Cambray.  On  a  medal G  he  bears  the  device  of  a  bit  (Fig.  21),  with 
the  motto,  Sustine  et  abstine,  "  Sustain  and  abstain,"  a  maxim  com- 

1  Villa  Pantiatici-Ximenes. 

2  Merses  prof  undo  pulchrior  evenit  4  Greta  an  carbone  notandum,  "Whe- 
(Horace),  ':  Sink  it  in  the  deep,  the  ther  it  be  marked  with  chalk  or  char- 
lovelier  it  comes  out."  coal.' 

3  "  Ludovico,    son    of    Don     Henry,  "  Let  a -white  stone  of  pure  unsullied  ray 
natural  brother  of  Alfonso  II.,  King  of  Record,  Macrinus,  this  thy  natal  day." 
Naples.   He  distinguished  himself  in  the  Persius,  Sat.  ii.  3. 
wars  which   devastated   Naples,  and  is  ' 
celebrated    by   Sanazzaro    and    all    the  5  See,  also,  Sanazzaro. 
academicians  of  Naples,  where  he  lived  6  Museum   Mazzuchellianum,  Venice 
to  an  advanced  age."— Roscoe.  1761-3. 


28 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


prising,  according  to  Epictetus,  every  essential  to  human  happiness — 
support  in  misfortune  and  restraint  in  pleasure. 

"If  he  the  bridle  should  let  >lacke, 
Then  every  tiling  would  run  to  wrncke." 

T.  Hi-.twood  Hierarchie  of  Angeles,  1635. 


Imp;.  21. — Benedetto  Arbusaui. 


"  Temperance,"  says  Burton,  in  his  '  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,' 1  "  is 
a  bridle  of  gold."  And  the  bridle  is  a  favourite  image  of  restraint  in 
Scripture  :  "  I  will  put  my  bridle  in  thy  lips ;" — "  I  will  keep  my 
mouth  with  a  bridle  ;" — "  Whose  mouth  must  be  held  in  with  bit  and 
bridle  ;"  and  many  others. 

Ariosto,  Ltjdovico  (-J-1533).     His  favourite  emblem  was  a  hive 


Fig.  22.— Ariosto. 

(Fig.  22),  from  which  bees  are  flying  to  escape  the  fire.  Motto,  Pro 
bono  malum,  "  Evil  for  good,"  a  device  assumed  by  Ariosto  when, 
after  so  many  years  of  service,  he  was  abruptly  dismissed  by  Cardinal 
Ippolito  d'Este,  like  the  ungrateful  countryman  who  kills  the  bees 

1  Uook  viii.,  ch.  36. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


29 


which   have   furnished   him  with  honey.     He  alludes  to  it  in  his 
'  Orlando :' 

"  Me  che  mi  giova  ? 
Se'l  mio  ben  fare  in  util  d'altri  cede? 
Cosi,  ma  nun  per  se,  1'  ape  rinnova 
II  mele  ogni  anno,  e  niai  nun  lo  possede." 

Canto  xliv.,  st.  45. 

Such  Shakspeare  describes  as  the  reward  received  by  parents  from 
their  thankless  children : 

"Like  the  bee,  tolling  from  every  flower 
The  virtuous  sweets ; 

Our  thighs  pack'd  with  wax,  our  mouths  with  honey, 
We  bring  it  to  the  hive ;  and,  like  the  bees, 
Are  murder'd  for  our  pains." 

King  Henry  IV.,  2nd  Part,  Act  iv.,  sc.  4. 

Ariosto  was  so  partial  to  this  emblem  that  Einaldo  had  it  em- 
broidered upon  his  knightly  cloak.1  It  appears  in  a  woodcut 2  in  the 
first  and  some  of  the  subsequent  editions  of  his  '  Orlando  Furioso.' 

In  the  third  edition,  1524,  and  in  that  of  1532,  we  find  the 


Fi<>  2J. — Anosto. 


device  of  two  vipers  with  a  hand  over  (Fig.  23),  holding  a  pair  of 


1  Cinque  Canti. 

2  First  edition,  1516  (Grenville  Coll. 
British   Museum),  with   a   border   com- 


posed of  the  devices  of  a  mallet  and 
hatchet  entwined  by  a  snake,  the  molto 
distributed  in  the  four  corners. 


30  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

shears,  with  which  the  tongue  of  one  is  cut  off,  the  hand  heing  directed 
to  perform  the  same  office  upon  the  other.  The  motto,  Dilexisti 
malitiam  super  benignitatem,  "  Thou  hast  loved  unrighteousness 
more  than  goodness,"  while  alluding  to  the  chastisement  deserved  hy 
the  enemies  of  the  poet,  refers  us  for  the  origin  of  the  emblem  to 
Psalm  lii.,  in  the  fourth  verse  of  which  the  motto  occurs,  followed  by 
the  words,  "  Thou  hast  loved  to  speak  all  words  that  may  do  hurt,  0 
thou  false  tongue.  Therefore  shall  God  destroy  thee  for  ever :  He 
shall  take  thee  and  pluck  thee  out  of  thy  dwelling." 

These  devices  are  also  perpetuated  upon  two  medals,1  on  the  reverse 
of  which  is  a  portrait  of  the  poet,  but  on  the  second  medal  one 
viper  only  is  represented. 

Ariosto  observed  the  most  determined  silence  as  to  the  meaning  of 
a  black  pen,  covered  with  gold,  with  which  he  at  one  time  was  in  the 
habit  of  writing,  and  also  of  a  similar  device  embroidered  upon  his 
dress.  Delia  mia  nigra  penna  lifregio  a"oro,  "  Of  my  black  pen,  the 
golden  ornament." 

Over  his  house,  which  from  his  means  was  built  but  small,  he  had 
this  Latin  distich  : 

"Parva,  seel  apta  milii,  std  nulli  obnoxia,  sed  non 
Sordida,  pavta  meo  sed  tamen  sere  domus." 

"  Small  is  my  humble  roof,  but  well  design'd 
To  suit  the  temper  of  the  master's  mind ; 
Hurtful  to  none,  it  boasts  a  decent  pride, 
That  my  poor  purse  the  modest  cost  supplied." 

Hoole's  Translation. 

"  Maison  petite,  mais  commode  pour  moi,  mais  incommode  a  per- 
sonne,  mais  assez  propre,  mais  pourtant  achetee  de  mes  propres 
fonds." 

"  I  confess,"  says  Cowley,  "  I  love  littleness  almost  in  all  things. 
A  little  convenient  estate,  a  little  cheerful  house,  a  little  company, 
and  a  very  little  feast." 

When  Socrates  was  asked  why  he  had  built  for  himself  so  small  a 
house :  "  Small  as  it  is,"  he  replied,  "  I  wish  I  could  fill  it  with 
friends." 

1  A  specimen  of  the  medal  with  the  figured  in  the  Museum  Mazzuchellianum 
beehive  placed  over  the  flames  is  in  the  with  the  hand  and  shears  and  one 
South  Kensington  Museum.  There  is  one       serpent.     Motto,  Pro  bono  malum. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


31 


Aubigny,  Bernard,  or  Eberard  Stuart,1  Sieur  d'  Aubigny,2 
(-f-1508),  Marshal  of  France,  was  one  of  the  most  experienced  com- 
manders in  the  service  of  Charles  VIII.,  and  of  Louis  XII.  He  de- 
feated Gonsalvo  of  Cordova  at  Seminara,  took  Capua,  and  was  himself 
repulsed  at  the  second  battle  of  Seminara  by  Antonio  de  Leyva. 

As  a  relative  of  James  IV.,  he  bore  the  red  lion  of  Scotland  on  a 
field  argent,  which  he  caused  to  be  semee  of  buckles,3  signifying  that 
he  was  the  means  of  holding  united  the  Kings  of  Scotland  and  France 
against  England.  He  had  this  device  on  his  surcoat  and  his  standard, 
with  the  motto,  Distcmtiajungit,  "  It  unites  the  distant." 

Augustus  Cj<;sar,  Emperor  of  Borne  (-f-  14).  Augustus  was  born 
under  the  sign  of  Capricorn,4  and  he  fought  the  battle  of  Actium  the  day 
of  the  calends  of  August,  when  the  sun  enters  that  sign  ;  he  therefore 
held  it  in  such  estimation  that  he  placed  upon  his  medals  the  celestial 
goat,  represented  with  the  globe  between  its  feet,  the  helm  and 
cornucopiae  (Fig.  24). 


T.        tssV& 

.yi^A. 

fcajiif 

fcvl 

**5§§£ 

1 

BHb    >ia 

i 

j§3| 

^^  ^ 

Fig.  24. — Emperor  Augustus. 


This    same  device   was  used  by  the  Grand  Duke  of   Tuscany, 
Cosmo  de'  Medici  (see) ;  and  it  was  likewise  assumed  by  the  Emperor  of 


1  Styled  by  Italian  writers,  "  Everardo 
Estuardo  Scozzese,  per  sopra  norae  detto 
Monsignore  di  Obegni." —  Summonte, 
Istoria  di  Napoli. 

2  "  Aubigny  is  on  the  Cher,  forty 
leagues  south  of  Paris.  Sir  John  Stuart 
was  created  Lord  of  Aubigny  by  (he  Dau- 
phin Charles,  for  whom  he  had  performed 
high  service  in  expelling  the  English  in- 
vaders from  France.  He  was  slain  at  Or- 
leans m  1429,  when  supporting  (he  banner 
of  the  Maid,  raising  his  battle-cry  of 
'  Avant  Darnley  !  Jamais  d'arriere  Darn- 
ley  ! '  and  leading  the  forlorn  hope  at  the 


head  of  a  stout  band  of  Scots,  exiles  and 
retainers  of  the  Stuart-Darn  ley.  All 
France,  the  young  and  valiant  king,  and 
the  enthusiastic.  Pucelle,  in  the  midst 
of  the  triumphs  of  Orleans,  mourned 
the  early  death  of  the  valiant  Scottish 
exile." — Miss  Strickland,  Queens  of 
Scotland. 

3  Kobert,  sixth  Earl  of  Lennox,  1578, 
bore  three  fleurs-de-lis,  with  a  bordure 
charged  with  eight  buckles  for  Aubigny. 
Motto,  Avant  Darnlie. 

4  The  Emperor  Charles  V.  was  born 
under  the  same  siari. 


32  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Germany,  Rodolph  II.,  with  the  motto,  Fidget  Csesaris  astrum,  "  The 
star  of  Caesar  shines." 

A  butterfly  over  a  crab  (Fig.  25)  was  another  of  the  emblems  of 
the  Emperor  Augustus,  which  he  caused  to  be  struck  on  a  gold  medal, 
tbe  motto,  Festina  lente,1  "  Hasten  slowly ;"  meaning  that  the  medium 


Fig.  25. — Empcrov  Augustus. 

between  extremes  of  caution  and  rashness  should  be  pursued  by  every 
good  prince.  Do  not  let  impetuosity  lead  you  into  imprudence :  avoid 
equally  the  extremes  of  tardiness  and  precipitation.  "Le  meilleur 
chemin  est  celui  du  milieu."  2 

This  device,  with  the  motto,  Mature,  is  also  assigned  to  the 
Emperor  Vespasian. 

Augustus  used  the  sphinx  (Fig.  26),  "  maid's  face,  birds  wings,  and 
lion's  paws,"  as  his  seal,  implying  thereby  that  the  secret  intentions  of 
a  prince  should  not  be  divulged. 

When  Augustus  was  in  Asia,  he  authorised  Agrippa  and  Mecaenas, 
who  administered  affairs  during  his  absence,  to  open  and  read  the 
letters  he  addressed  to  the  Senate  before  any  one  else ;  and  for  this 
purpose  he  gave  them  a  seal  upon  which  was  engraved  a  sphinx,  the 
emblem  of  secrecy.  This  device  gave  occasion  to  ridicule,  and  to  the 
saying  that  it  was  not  surprising  if  the  Sphinx  proposed  riddles  ;  upon 
which  Augustus  discontinued  it,  and  adopted  one  with  Alexander  the 

1  Frellon,  the  printer  at  Lyons,  used  Onslow.      The    last   name,    "  On-Slow," 

the  same  device,  with  the  motto,  Mature.  being  evidently  a  pun  on  the  motto. 

Festina   lenie  is  the  motto  of  the  Earl  2  Medio  tutissimus  ibis  (Ovid), "You 

of  Fiugal  and  of  Lords  Dunsany,  and  will  advance  most  safely  in  the  middle." 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  33 

Great,  to  show  that  his  designs  of  dominion  were  not  inferior  to 
Alexander's.  Subsequently,  Augustus  used  his  own  effigy,  which 
practice  was  continued  by  his  successors. 


Fig.  26. —  Emperor  Augustus. 

Austria,  Archdukes  and  Archduchesses  of.1 

Rodolph,  Duke  of  Swabia(  +  1307),  son  of  Rodolph  of  Hapsburg,  an  elephant. 
Motto,  Vi  parva  non  invertilur,  "  Is  not  upset  by  small  force." 

Rodolph,  King  of  Bohemia  (+  1307),  son  of  Albert  I.,  a  cock  standing  upon  a 
trumpet.     Cura  vigila,  "  Watch  with  care." 

Otho  the  Fair,  Duke  of  Austria  (+  1339),  son  of  Albert  I.    See  Baglione. 

Agnes,  daughter  of  Albert  I.,  married  Andrew  III.,  King  of  Hungary  (  +  1364), 
a  sun  and  a  moon.    Me  tuis  ornari,  "  That  I  should  be  adorned  by  yours." 

Catherine,  daughter  of  Albert  I.,  married  to  Charles,  Duke  of  Calabria.  See 
Margaret  of  Navarre. 

Frederic,  Archduke  of  Austria,  son  of  Frederic  the  Fair,  a  hand  issuing  from  a 
cloud,  holding  a  flail.     Telum  virtus  facit,  "  Valour  frames  the  weapon." 

Anne,  daughter  of  Frederic  the  Fair,  Queen  of  Poland,  a  palm  tree.  Turn  hsec 
omnia,  "  Thine  all  these." 

George,  Archduke  of  Austria,  son  of  Frederic  III.,  a  serpent  round  a  double 
anchor.     Fata  viam  inoenient,  "  Fate  will  find  the  way." 

Mary,  daughter  of  Ferdinand  I.  (-f-  1584),  widow  of  William,  Duke  of  Juliers 
and  Cleves,  a  leafless  tree.     Gaualium  meum  spoliat,  "  He  (death)  despoils  my  joy." 

Leonora,  daughter  of  Ferdinand  I.  (4-  1594).     See  Gonzaga,  Guglielmo. 

Catherine,  daughter  of  Ferdinand  I.  (4-  1572),  Duchess  of  Mantua  and  Queen 
of  Poland.    See  Accolti. 

Austria,  Charles,  Archduke  of  (-f-  1590),  third  son  of  Ferdi- 
nand I.  He  was  the  root  of  the  Styrian  branch  of  the  Emperors  of 
Austria,  and  father  of  Ferdinand  II.  The  Archduke  Charles  was  one 
of  the  suitors  of  Queen  Elizabeth. 

He  took  for  device  Fortune  standing  either  on  a  dolphin  or  on  the 

1  The    following    devices     are    from      et    Csesarum     Romanorum.'    Frankfort, 
Oct.    Strada,    'De    Yitis     Imperatorum       1G15,  fo]. 

D 


34  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

globe  (Fig.  27).  Motto,  the  words  of  Turnus  (Xth  iEneid,)  Audaces 
Fortuna  juvat,]  "  Fortune  assists  the  brave  ;"  that  is,  Providence 
never  fails  to  help  him  who   courageously  endeavours  to  carry  out 


fig.  '11. — Charles,  Archduke  of  Auslna. 

high  and  honourable  undertakings .  Intrepidity  will  often  succeed, 
when  timidity  may  produce  a  failure.  "  Fortune  secorfc  le3  hardis ;" 
or,  as  Hudibras  has  it — 

"  Fortune  th'  audacious  doth  juvave, 
But  lets  the  timidous  miscarry." 

Fortune  is  represented  on  a  ball,  as  a  sign  of  her  instability,  and 
with  a  sail  to  show  that  she  guides  where  she  will  the  ship  of  our 
life — 

"  That  goddess  blind, 
That  stands  upon  the  rolling  restless  stone." 

King  Henry  V.,  Act  hi.,  sc.  6. 

Austria,  Albert,  Archduke  of  (+1621),  Governor  of  the 
Netherlands,  married  Isabella,  daughter  of  Philip  II. 

An  arm  issuing  from  a  cloud,  holding  a  sword  entwined  with  olive 
and  palm.  Motto,  Pulchrum  est  clarescere  utroque,  "  It  is  well  to  be 
famous  in  either ;"  that  is,  in  peace  or  war. 

Having  taken  Calais  and  other  French  towns,  he  caused  them  to 
be  represented  on  a  medal,  with  the  motto,  Veni,  vidi,  vicit  Deus}  "  I 
came,  I  saw,  God  conquered." 

On  his  marriage  with  Isabella,  a  medal  was  struck,  representing 

1  "Audaces  Fortuna  juvat,  timidosque  repellit." 


AND  WAR-CEIES. 


35 


Jason  with  the  Golden  Pleece,  and  the  dragon  at  his  feet.  Motto, 
Assiduitate,  "  By  assiduity ;"  Jason  typifying  the  archduke,  who,  by 
his  marriage,  had  obtained  the  Golden  Fleece, — i.e.,  the  rich  inheritance 
of  the  Netherlands. 

Isabella  Clara  Eugenia,  his  wife  (-f-  1632),  had  a  medal  struck, 
with  Fame  in  the  air,  between  the  four  winds,  each  blowing  a  trumpet. 
Clara  uhique,  "  Famous  everywhere." 

Avalos,  Francesco  Ferdinando,  Marquis  of  Pescara  (+  1525),  the 
celebrated  general  of  the  Emperor  Charles  V.,  bore  for  device  a 
Spartan  shield  (Fig.  28),  with,  as  motto,  the  injunction  of  the  Spartan 
mother  to  her  son  before  the  battle  of  Mantinea,  Aut  cum  hoc,  aid  in 
hoc,  "  Either  with  this  or  on  this  ;"  either  to  return  victorious  with  his 


l-'ig.  28. — Marquis  of  Pescara. 


shield,1  or  to  die  in  a  manner  worthy  of  a  true  Spartan,  and  be  brought 
home  upon  it.  This  device  shone  conspicuous  on  Pescara's  banner 
and  surcoat  at  the  battle  of  Eavenna,  where  he  was  taken  prisoner. 

Pescara  also  bore  a  sun,  accompanied  by  Lucifer,  the  morning 
star.2  Motto,  Eac  monstrante  viam,  "  Under  this  guidance,"  mean- 
ing either  that  he  followed  the  path  of  his  sovereign,  Charles  V., 
typified  by  the  sun ;   or  that  he  was  ready  to  go  to  the  wars  in  the 


1  Epaminondas.when  mortally  wounded 
and  carried  oft'  the  field  by  his  soldiers, 
anxiously  inquired  if  his  shield  was  safe ; 
being  answered  in  the  affirmative,  he  died 
showing  signs  of  joy. 

2  Venus,  when  a  morning  star  pre- 
ceding the  sun,  is  called  Lucifer  or 
Phosphorus;  when  following,  and  an 
evening  star,  Hesperus  or  Vesper.     Thus 


Philips  speaks  of — 

"  The  fair  star  of  early  Phosphorus." 

Cider. 
Vesper  is  frequently  mentioned  by  the 
poets : 

"  Late  Vesper  lights  his  evening  star." 

Georgia  I. 
"  Ere  twice  in  murk  and  occidental  damp 
Moist  Hesperus  hath  quench'd  his  sleepy  lamp." 
All's  Well  thai  Ends  Well,  ii.  1. 

D    2 


36  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

East  against  the  infidels.  Pescara  lies  buried  in  the  church  of  San 
Domenico  Maggiore,  at  Naples.  Above  hangs  his  torn  banner,  and  a 
short  plain  sword,  said  to  be  the  same  surrendered  by  Francis  I.  at 
Pavia.  Punning  in  the  spirit  of  the  age,  Ariosto  wrote  this  distich 
upon  him — 

"  Piscator  rnaximus  ille, 
Nunquid  et  hie  pisces  cepit?  non  :  ergo  quid  ?  urbes." 

"  The  greatest  of  fishers,  he — 
Hath  be  here  taken  fishes  ? 
No— what  then  ?    Cities." 

"  II  re  gagliardo  si  difende  a  piede, 
E  tutto  dell'  ostil  sangue  si  hagna  ; 
Ma  virtii  al  fin'  a  troppa  forza  cede  : 
Ecco  il  re  preso,  ed  eccolo  hi  Ispagna : 
Ed  a  qnel  di  Pescara  dar  si  vede, 
Ed  a  chi  mai  da  lui  non  si  scompagna 
A  quel  del  Vasto,  le  prime  corone 
Del  campo  rotto,  e  del  gran  re  prigkme." 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  xxxii.  53. 

"  On  foot  he  combats,  batb'd  in  hostile  blood ; 
But  viitue,  that  superior  force  has  stood, 
At  length  to  numbers  yields — behold  him  nude, 
A  prisoner  now,  and  now  to  Spain  convey'd. 
Pescara  tlien  the  honours  shall  divide 
With  him  that  ever  battles  at  his  side; 
With  Vasto's  lord  such  wreaths  Pescara  gains, — 
A  host  defeated,  and  a  king  in  chains." 

Hoole's  Translation. 

Avalos,  Alfonso  d',  Marquis  del  Yasto  or  del  Guasto  (-J-  1546), 
nephew  of  Pescara,  whom  he  succeeded  in  the  command  of  the  army 
of  Charles  Y.  On  the  death  of  Antonio  de  Leyva  he  was  made 
commander  of  the  Milanese.  He  was  brave,  but  false  and  vain.  He 
was  defeated  at  Cerisoles,  1544,  by  the  Due  d'Enghien,  having 
boastingly  brought  cart-loads  of  handcuffs  with  him  for  his 
prisoners. 

Disappointed  that  Antonio  de  Leyva  should  be  made,  by  the 
Emperor  and  Pope  Clement  YIL,  General  of  the  League,  the 
marquis  consoled  himself  by  saying  that,  though  not  placed  by  them 
in  the  high  position  he  coveted,  yet  they  could  not  prevent  his 
going  before  others  in  deeds  of  valour.  Giovio  gives  him  as  device 
the  ostrich,  which  uses  its  wings  as  sails  in  order  to  outstrip  all 
others,  with  the  motto,  Si  sursum  non  efferor  alis,    cursu  saltern 


AND  WAE-CRIES. 


37 


2)rtetervehor  omnes,  "  If  I  am  not  borne  upon  wings,  at  least  in 
running  I  outstrip  all,"  which  device  he  wore  embroidered  upon  his 
saddle  and  surcoat. 

When  Charles  V.  made  him  captain-general,  after  the  death  of 
Antonio  de  Leyva,  he  took  for  device  a  sheaf  of  ripe  corn  (Fig.  29), 
with  the  motto,  Finiunt  pariter  renovantque  labor es,  "  They  finish, 
and,  in  the  like  manner,  renew  their  labours ;"  meaning,  that  as  after 


Kig.  29. — Marquis  del  Vasto. 


the  grain  is  harvested,  we  must  again  sow  and  harvest,  so  his  labours 
in  the  cause  of  his  master  should  never  cease,  and  as  soon  as  he  had 
finished  one  great  exploit  he  would  begin  another.  This  device  was 
the  more  appropriate,  inasmuch  as  a  bundle  of  ears  of  corn  was  the 
impresa  worn  in  battle  by  his  great-grandfather,  Don  Eoderigo 
d'Avalos,  Grand  Constable  of  Castille.  Avalos  continued  using  the 
wheatsheaf  till  his  death,  but  after  his  defeat  at  Cerisoles  he  assumed 
also  the  device  of  sea-rushes  buffeted  by  the  winds  and  waves : 
Fleetimur  non  frangimur  undis,  "  We  are  beaten,  not  broken,  by 
the  waves." 

The  marquis  assumed  another  before  he  was  appointed  to  the  chief 
command,  because  many  of  his  exploits  were  attributed  to  Pescara, 
Prospero  Colonna,  or  Antonio  de  Leyva,  and  therefore  he  hoped  soon 
to  be  made  generalissimo,  that,  freed  from  his  colleagues,  he  might 
prove  to  the  world  the  extent  of  his  valour.  This  other  device  repre- 
sented the  four  elements  in  circles,  with  the  motto,  Discretis  sua 


38  HISTOKIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

virtus  adest,  "  Each,  separate,  has  its  power ;"  i.  e.,  that  each  element 
has  its  special  office  assigned  to  it.  It  was  placed  upon  the  flags  of 
his  trumpeters. 

Another  of  his  emhlems  was  the  temple  of  Juno  Lacinia,  the  fire 
of  which  was  never  extinguished,  to  show  the  lady  of  his  affections 
that  his  love  was  equally  unextinguishable.  The  motto,  Junoni 
Lacinise  dicatum,  "Dedicated  to  Juno  JJacioia,"  was  placed  round 
the  frieze  of  the  building. 

Avalos  likewise  took  a  bunch  of  feathers,  with  an  eagle's  in 
the  middle.  Motto,  Sic  alias  devorat  una,  "  So  one  devours  the 
rest ;"  Pliny  asserting  that  "  the  quills  or  feathers  laid  among  those 
of  other  fowls,  will  devour  and  consume  them."1 

The  same  device  is  on  a  medal  of  Ferdinand  Gonzaga,  Duke  of 
Guastalla,  with  the  motto,  Alias  devorat  una  meas,  "  One  devours 
all  my  others." 

Also,  a  goose  plucking  a  plant  with  its  beak  (Fig.  30).  Deficiam 
aut  perficiam,  "  I  will  perish  or  succeed,"  to  show  his  perseverance  in 
carrying  out  his  undertakings  even  unto  death.2 


Fig.  30. — .Marquis  del  Vasto. 

Pliny  says  of  this  bird : — "  Their  own  greedie  feeding  is  their 
bane ;  for  one  while  they  will  eat  untill  they  burst  againe,  another 
while  kill  themselves  with  straining  their  owne  selves ;  for  if  they 
chaunce  to  catch  hold  of  a  root  with  their  bill,  they  will  bite  and  pull 
so  hard  for  to  have  it,  that  many  times  they  breake  their  own  necks 
withall,  before  they  leave  their  hold."3? 

1  Book  x.,  ch.  H. 
2  Capaccio,  Giulio  Cesare,  '  Delle  Im-       Volatilibus   Aquatilibus  et  Insectus  de 
prese,'  4to.     Napoli,  1592,  passim.     Also,       smntorum,'  4   books.      Frankfort,    1654, 
Camcrarius,  Joach., '  Symbolorum  et  Em-       4to.,  passim. 
bleinaturn  ex  Re"  Herbaria,"  Anirnalibus  3  Book  x.,  ch.  59. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


39 


Avalos  is  constantly  alluded  to  by  Ariosto  : 

"  Pescara's  marquis  next  my  voice  demands ; 
And  lo,  the  third — a  youth  whose  single  praise 
With  Gallia's  sons  th'  Italian  name  shall  raise. 
I  see  him  now  in  glorious  zeal  prepare 

With  these  to  strive,  from  these  the  wreath  to  bear. 

*  *  *  #  #  * 

Such  is  Alphonso,  such  his  worth  appears, 
So  far  above  the  promise  of  his  years, 
The  imperial  monarch  shall  in  him  confide 
To  lead  his  armies  and  his  councils  guide, 
Till  by  this  chief,  his  warlike  thunders  hurl'd, 
Shall  spread  his  banners  o'er  the  subject  world. ' 

Orlando  Fzirioso,  Cauto  xv.  28.     Hoole's  Translation. 

Vasto,  Donna  Maria  d'Aragon,  Marchese  di,  Avalos'  wife. 

Being  as  watchful  over  the  conduct  of  those  about  her  as  of  her 
own,  Giovio  gave  her  as  device  two  branches  of  ripe  millet  tied 
together,  with  the  motto,  Servari  et  servare  meum  est,  "  Tis  mine  to 
preserve  and  be  preserved,"  because  the  millet  is  said  to  be  not  only 
itself  incorruptible,  but,  like  camphor,  to  preserve  other  substances 
placed  near  it  from  corruption. 

Baglione,  Gtian-Paolo  (-(-  1520),  Tyrant  of  Perugia.  A  con- 
dottiere  captain,  who  usurped  the  sovereignty  of  Perngia  and  served 


Fig.  31. — (jian- Paolo  Jiaglione. 

the  Venetians  against  the  League  of  Cambray.  Pretending  he  wished 
to  consult  him  on  affairs  of  importance,  Leo  X.  transmitted  to 
Baglione  a  safe  conduct  to  Rome,  but,  when  he  arrived,  he  caused  him 
to  be  tortured  and  beheaded,  and  afterwards  took  possession  of  his  states. 
Baglione's  device  was  a  silver  griffin  on  a  field  gules  (Fig.  31) 
with  the  motto,   TJnguibus  et  rostro  atque  alis  armatus  in  hostem, 


40  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

"  Armed  against  the  enemy  with  talons  and  beak  and  wings,"  '  which 
means  of  defence  proved  of  no  avail  when  he  was  seized  by  Pope  Leo, 
hence  his  rival,  Gentil  Baglione,  observed,  "  This  ngly  bird  has  not 
used  his  wings,  as  at  other  times,  to  flee  from  the  snare  which  has 
been  laid  for  him." 

Barberine  of  Florence.  This  family  originally  bore  as  their 
arms,  three  gadflies,  Tafani,  which  were  subsequently  changed  to  bees.2 

Barberini,  Antonio,  Cardinal.  Bees  collecting  honey  in  a 
garden,  Exercet  sub  sole  laborem,  "  He  does  his  daily  work  under  the 
sun."  An  eagle  in  the  midst  of  thunder  and  lightning,  Nee  metuenda 
timet,  "  Nor  fears  things  to  be  feared."  The  eagle  being  proof  against 
lightning,  according  to  Pliny :  "  Men  say,  that  of  all  flying  fowles 
the  asgle  onely  is  not  smitten  nor  killed  with  lightening ;  whereupon 
folke  are  wont  to  say,  that  she  serveth  Jupiter  in  place  of  his  squire 
as  armour-bearer." 3 

Barberini,  Maffeo  (Pope  Urban  VIII.),  (-f  1644),  had  for 
device  the  bee.  Motto,  Sponte  favos,  vegre  spicula,  "  Willingly  honey- 
comb, unwillingly  stings," — the  character  of  a  merciful  ruler.  Also 
a  hare  running  up  a  hill,  Aseensu  levior,  "  Lighter  in  ascent." 4 

Bassompierre,  Francois  db  (-f-  1646),  Marshal  of  France.  Befer- 
ring  to  his  ten  years'  imprisonment  in  the  Bastille,  he  took  for  device,  a 
bird  in  a  cage,  Mens  sequa  in  arduis,  "  A  mind  serene  in  difficulties." 

Bembo,  Pietro,  Cardinal  (-f- 1547),  secretary  to  Pope  Leo  X., 
poet  and  historian.  His  device  was  Pegasus 5  and  a  hand  issuing  from 
a  cloud,  holding  a  branch  of  laurel  and  palm  (Fig.  32).  Motto,  Si 
te  fata  vocant,  "  If  the  fates  call  thee," c — in  vain  one  seeks  for  honour 
if  not  granted  by  heaven.7 

1  The  same  device  and  motto  were  s  Pegasus  denotes  fame,  eloquence, 
also  taken  by  Otho,  Duke  of  Austria,  poetic  study,  contemplation.  A  bronze 
sou  of  Albert  I.  Gryphius,  the  printer  medallion  of  Bembo,  with  this  device,  is 
of  Lyons,  had  likewise  for  impresa  a  in  the  South  Kensington  Collection, 
gryphon  attached  to  a  cube  and  a  6  Dolce,  Ludovico,  Irnprese,  folio, 
globe;    the  cube  denoting  firmness,  the  Venetia,  1578,  passim. 

globe  promptitude.    His  epitaph  was  :  7  Sic  ubi  fata  vocant,  "  So  where  the 

"  La  grande  giiffe  fates  call." — Dido  to  JEneas. 

Qui  tout  giiffe,  A  Pegasus  is  also  the  device  of  the 

A  griff*  le  corps  de  G.yphe."  To&)  familyj  ^  ^  ^^  g.  ^  fata 

2  The  Barberini  arms  are  azure,  three  sinant,  "  If  the  Fates  permit."    Mausolee 
bees  volant  en  arriere,  or,  two  and  one.  de  la   Toison   d'  or,  Amslerdam,   1689. 

3  Book  x.,  ch.  3.  quo  fata    vocant,   "  Whither   the  fates 

4  "  Non  levis  ascensus,  si   quis  petit  call,"'  is  the  motto  of  the  Thurlow,  De 

ardua  ;  sudor  l'Jsle,  and  Shelley  families, 

rimimus  hunc  tollit." 

Gassics  Paejuensis. 


AND  WAK-CKIES. 


41 


Bembo,  both  by  precept  and  example,  revived  a  pure  taste  in 
Tuscan  literature.     Eoscoe  says  that  "  be  opened  a  new  Augustan 


F:g.  32.— Cardinal  Bembo. 

age,  that  he  emulated  Cicero  and  Virgil  with  equal  success,  and 
recalled  in  his  writings  the  elegance  aud  purity  of  Petrarch  and 
Boccaccio."     Ariosto  pays  him  a  tribute  in  the  following  lines — 

"  Btmbo,  die  '1  puro  e  dolce  idioma  nostro 
Leva  to  fuor  del  vulgare  uso  tetro 
Quale  esser  dee  ci  ha  col  suo  esempio  rnostro." 

Orlando  Furioso. 

"  Pietro  Bembo,  whose  example  taught. 
And  to  its  purity  our  idiom  brought." 

Hoole's  Translation. 

Bentivoglio  or  Bologna.  The  arms  used  by  this  family  are 
called  in  Bologna  (where,  until  1512,  they  held  the 
sovereignty)  the  Sega  rossa  di  setti  dente,  the  red 
saw  with  seven  teeth,  on  a  field  or1  (Fig.  33),  and 
this  sega  or  serra  was  the  family  badge.  When 
Julius  II.,  after  having  expelled  the  Bentivogli,  made 
his  entry  into  Bologna,  the  people,  mindful  of  their 
exiled  masters,  received  him  in  sullen  silence,  except 
when  the  sound  of  "Serra,  Serra!"  resounded  in 
his   ears,   as   he   passed   in   procession  through  the   streets.2     Pope 


Fig.  33. 
Bentivoglio  Arms. 


1  Party  per  bend  indented,  or  and  gides. 


Eoscoe,  '  Life  of  Leo  X.' 


42  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Julius  had  been  assisted  in  his  enterprise  by  Francis  I.,  as  Ariosto 

says: 

"  Poi  mostra  il  re  che  di  Bologna  fuore 
Leva  la  Sega  e  vi  fa  cntrar  le  Ghiande." 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  xxxii.  37. 

li  He  tells  the  king  who  from  Bologna  fair, 
Bemoves  the  saw,  and  plants  the  acorns  there." 

Hoole's  Translation. 

There  is  some  tradition  about  the  name  having  originated  in  Heinsius, 
the  German,  who  when  prisoner  at  Bologna,  1249,  gave  his  daughter 
in  marriage  to,  or  received  some  assistance  from  a  youth  to  whom,  in 
proof  of  his  affection,  he  repeated  "  Ben  ti  voglio,1  "  I  wish  thee  well." 

Bentivoglio,  Guido,  Cardinal  (-f- 1644).  Atlas  bearing  the  world 
upon  his  shoulders,  with  the  motto,  Mains  opus,  "  A  greater  work." 
An  impresa  a" amove,  signifying  that  his  task  in  gaining  the  affections 
of  his  lady  was  greater  than  the  labour  of  Atlas. 

Berne.  The  arms  of  the  canton  are  gules,  on  a  bend  or,  a  bear 
sable.  Those  of  the  canton  of  Appenzell  are  argent,  a  bear  standing, 
sable.  Hence,  when  Charles  the  Bash  invited  the  Emperor  to  join 
the  confederacy  against  the  Swiss  cantons,  he  was  referred,  as  answer, 
to  iEsop's  fable,  not  to  bargain  for  the  skin  of  the  bear  before  it  was 
taken ;  while  Hagcnbach,  his  bailiff  on  the  Swiss  frontier,  observed, 
"  We  must  skin  the  bears  of  Berne  to  make  ourselves  coats." 

"  The  man,  that  once  did  sell  the  lion's  skin 
While  the  beast  liv'd,  was  kill'd  with  hunting  him.'' 

King  Henry  V.,  Act  iv.,  sc.  3. 

In  1213,  the  Emperor  Frederic  II.  instituted,  at  the  abbey  of 
St.  Gall,  the  order  of  the  Bear,  St.  Ursus 2  being  the  patron. 

Berry,  Province  of.     The  emblem  is  a  sheep. 

Berry,  Jean  de  France,  Due  de  (-(-1416),  third  son  of  John, 
King  of  France.  When  only  nine  years  old,  he  fought  by  the  side  of 
his  father  at  Poitiers,  and  was  nine  years  in  England  as  one  of  the 
hostages  of  the  Treaty  of  Bretigny.  He  built  the  celebrated  Hotel 
de  Nesle,  at  Paris,  where  he  died.  He  had  a  passion  for  jewels  and 
works  of  art,  as  his  voluminous  inventory  testifies. 

Indulging,  probably,  in  the  hope  of  being  one  day  King  of  France, 

1  Litta,  '  Famiglie  eclebri  Italiane.'  is    buried   under  the  high   altar  of  the 

2  St.  Ursus,  one  of  the  Theban  Legion,       church    built    by    Berthe    aux    grands 
suffered  martyrdom  at  Soleure,  where  he      pieds,  mother  of  Charlemagne. 


AND  WAE-CEIES  43 

and  wishing  his  wife,  whom  he  called  Oursine,  to  partake  in  his  expec- 
tations, he  took  a  bear  for  his  device,  with  the  motto,  Oursine,  le 
temps  vendra.  His  tomb  is  now  in  the  crypt  of  the  cathedral  at 
Bourges,  his  feet  rest  upon  a  she  bear.1  The  motto  is  mentioned  in 
his  inventory.2 

"1416.  Un  grant  tableau  de  cypres,  ouquel  est  l'eschiquier ;  sur  les 
bours  duquel  est  escript,  le  temps  vendra,  et  est  dedans  un  grant  escrin 
de  bois." — Inventaire  du  Due  de  Bemj. 

"  Un  annel  d'or,  auquel  a  un  heaume  et  un  escu  de  mesmes  fais 
d'un  saphir  aux  armes  de  monseigneur,  un  ours  d'esmeraude  et  un 
cygne  de  cassidoine  blanc,  soustenans  le  dit  heaume." — Idem. 

The  epitaph  on  his  monument  ran  thus  : 

''  J'ay  e'te  grand  de  race  et  d'apparence, 
Fils,  frere,  et  oncle  de  roys  de  France  ; 
Aux  princes  cher,  des  peuples  honore', 
De  mon  Berry,  peu  s'en  faut  adore : 
Mais  je  vois  bien  qu'  aii  sang  n'est  la  grandeur ; 
Le  sang  royal,  ni  les  provinces  larges, 
N'exemptent  point  les  princes  de  grandes  charges ; 
La  vertu  seule  allege  un  fardeau  fort, 
Et  la  foy  pent  exempter  de  la  mort."  3 

Birago,  Kenato,  of  Milan,  better  known  as  Reno  do  Birague, 
Cardinal  and  Chancellor  of  France  (-J-1572).  He  took  as  his  device,  a 
column  surmounted  by  a  burning  globe,  with  the  motto,  Non  cedunt 
ignibus  ignes,  "  Fires  yield  not  to  fires,"  as  emblematic  of  his  affec- 
tion for  his  wife  Valentine  Balbiana,  to  whom  he  was  married  before 
he  embraced  the  ecclesiastical  profession.  When  made  cardinal,  he 
chose  another  device,  as  more  suitable  to  his  office,  a  paschal  lamb,4 
under  its  right  foot  a  book,  in  its  left  a  cross,  to  which  is  attached  a 

1  This  tomb  was  formerly  in  the  Saiute  with    pearls." —  Haze,    Monuments    de 

Chapelle  built  by  Jean,  after  the  model  Berry.    Bourges,  1834. 

of  that  of  St.  Louis  at  Paris,  and  enriched  2  His  son-iu-  law,  Louis  de  Bourbon, 

with  jewels,  vessels  of  gold,  and  magui-  also  is  described  by  Faviue  as  coming 

ficent  ornaments.    Over  the  door  was  the  out  to  Charles  VI.  well  appointed,  in  a 

above-mentioned  motto.  The  Sainte  Cha-  robe  of  crimson  velvet  all  covered  with 

pelle    was    pillaged,   in    1562,    by    the  bears,  "  according  to  the  device  of  the 

Calvinists,    who    made    a    capture    of  Duke  de  Berry  which  he  had  given  to 

precious  stones  of  immense  value.     The  him." 

quantity  of  pearls  especially  was  enor-  3  Romelot,  '  De'scr.  do  la  Cuthedrale 

mous,    and  so    little   valued  that   they  de  Bourges.' 

were    worn    by   the    countrywomen    or  4  The  holy  lamb  with  a  flag  or,  between 

given  as  playthings  to  the  children.     A  two  stars  and  a  crescent,  was  the  badge 

bear,  which  formed  one  of  the  ornaments  of  the  Knights  Templars — "  The  Lamb 

of  the  tomb,  wore  a  muzzle  ornamented  and  Flag"  of  the  village  iun. 


44  HISTOEIG  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

scroll  inscribed  with  the  motto,  Rubet  agnus  aris,  "  The  larnb  bleeds 
on  altars,"  alluding  to  the  purple  of  the  cardinals,  and  signifying  that 
every  priest  should  approach  the  altar  with  purity.  The  same  motto 
served  as  an  anagram  on  his  name,  "  Eenatus  Biragus." 

Birague,  with  the  Queen,  due  de  Guise  and  Gondi,  'formed  the 
secret  council  who  determined  on  the  Massacre  of  St.  Bartholomew, 
and  he  received  the  dignity  of  chancellor  for  his  acquiescence  in  the 
crime.  Of  Italian  birth,  he  was  openly  accused  of  getting  rid  of  his 
enemies  by  poison ;  and  is  reported  to  have  said  that,  "  le  roi  ne  vien- 
drait  jamais  a  bout  des  Huguenots  par  les  amies,  et  qu'il  ne  lui  restait 
que  le  moyen  des  cuisiniers."  On  the  occasion  of  the  baptism  of  the 
son  of  one  of  his  nephews,  he  gave  a  magnificent  fete,  at  which 
Henry  III.  and  all  the  court  attended.  Like  his  master,  he  was  of 
the  fraternity  of  Flagellants,  and  accompanied  him  in  his  ridiculous 
processions  when  he  gave  up  the  seals,  retaining  the  titles  and  honours 
of  chancellor.  This  caused  him  to  say  that  he  was  "  cardinal  sans 
litres,  pretre  sans  benefices,  et  chancellier  sans  sceaux."  This  was 
not  the  case,  as  the  king  had  endowed  him  liberally.  Henry 
attended  his  funeral  in  the  habit  of  a  penitent.1 

Boisy,  Claude  Gouffier,  Marquis  de.     See  Gouffier. 

Bona  of  Savoy.     See  Milan. 

Boncompagno  of  Bologna,  Ugo  (Pope  Gregory  XIII.)  (-f  1585), 
had  endless  devices 2  taken  from  the  family  arms,  among  others,  a 
dragon 3  with  a  castle  on  a  height.  Motto,  Delubra  ad  summa,  "  To  the 
highest  temples."  Another,  guarding  the  garden  of  the  Hesperides, 
rPEFOPET,  "  Watch." 

Borghese,  Camillo,  Paul  V.  (-f-  1621)     See  Accolti,  note. 

Borghese,  Scipione,  Cardinal.     See  Nerli. 

Borghese,  Antonio.     See  Giovio,  note. 

1  Le  Laboureur,  '  Tombeaux  des  Per-  device  of  the  Pope,  to  whom  this  severe 
sonnes  illustres.'     Paris,  1679.  satire  is  dedicated. 

2  Which  gave  occasion  to  the  satire  of  3  Bronze  gilt  medallion.  Pope  Gre- 
Fabricii  Principio  da  Teramo,  entitled,  gory  XIII.  Diam.  1|  in.  The  work  of 
'  Allusioni,  Imprese  et  Emblemi,  sopra  la  Frederico  Parmense.  Obverse,  bust  of 
Vita,  Opere  et  Attioni  di  Gregorio  XIII.'  the  Pope,  inscribed,  "  Gregorius  XIII. 
Pontefice  Massimo.  Nei  quali  sotto  1'  Pont.  opt.  maximus."  Pteverse,  a  dragon 
allegoria  del  Drago,  arme  del  detto  with  its  tail  in  its  mouth  encircling  the 
Pontefice,  si  descritte  anco  la  vera  forma  field  of  the  medal,  within  which  is  a 
d'unPiincipe>Oristiano,  4to.,  Roma,  15SS,  ram's  head  with  a  pendent  wreath,  in- 
containing  upwards  of  100  extremely  scribed,  "Anno  reslituo  iidlxxxii."  — 
sarcastic    engravings,    alluding    to    the  South  Kensington  Museum. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  45 

The  Borgia  of  Rome  bore  an  ox  on  their  standards.  Three 
members  of  this  family  have  darkened  the  page  of  history — Pope 
Alexander  VI.  (Roderigo  Borgia),  his  son,  Caesar,  and  the  beautiful 
Lucrezia. 

Borgia.  Francesco,  Duke  of  Gandia  (-f-  1497),  the  elder  son, 
whose  body  was  found  in  the  Tiber,  his  brother  Caesar  being  accused 
by  posterity  of  his  death,  bore  for  his  device  a  mountain  struck  by 
lightning,  with  the  motto,  Feriunt  summos  fulmina  monies,  "  The 
thunderbolts  strike  the  highest  mountains." 

Borgia,  Caesar,  Duke  of  Romagna,  Cardinal,  Count,  Condottiero, 
and  Usurper.  He  was  made  Bishop  of  Valence  in  his  youth,  and 
created  Duke  of  Valentinois  by  Louis  XII.,  when  sent  to  that  monarch 
with  the  Papal  dispensation  to  repudiate  Jeanne  de  France  and  con- 
tract a  new  marriage.  It  was  on  this  occasion  that  Caesar's  mules 
were  said  to  have  worn  shoes  of  gold  attached  by  a  single  nail,  so  that 
they  might  easily  fall  off. 

"  Such  was  the  entry,  challenging  renown, 
Of  this  grandee  into  Chinon." 

In  the  year  1500,  when  the  solemnities  of  the  jubilee  year  were 
interrupted  by  the  extravagant  demonstrations  of  joy  at  Caesar  Borgia's 
success,  among  other  honours  decreed  to  him  was  a  triumph  after  the 
manner  of  the  ancient  Romans,  on  which  occasion  Caesar  Borgia 
inscribed  upon  his  banner,  Aut  Caesar,  aid  nihil,  "  Or  Caesar  or 
nothing," — an  insolent  motto,  which  was  thus  parodied  at  his  death  : 

"  Borgia  Caesar  erani  factis  et  nomine  Caesar ; 
Aut  nihil  aut  Caesar,  dixit,  utrumque  fuit." 

"  Caesar  in  deeds  as  name  would  Borgia  be, 
A  Csesar  or  a  cypher — both  was  he  !" 

And  again — 

"Aut  nihil  aut  Caesar,  vexillo  pingis  inani 
Pro  maguo  fies  Caesare,  stulte,  nihil." 

"  '  Or  nothing  or  Caesar,'  thou  painted  on  thy  empty  standard. 
Fool !  instead  of  great  Caesar,  thou  wilt  become  nothing." 

The  idea  was  also  repeated  by  Sanazzaro — 

"  Aut  nihil  aut  Csesar  vult  dici  Borgia:  quid  ni 
Cum  simul  et  Caesar  possit,  et  esse  nihil." 

"  Caesar  or  nothing,  Borgia  fain  would  be ; 
Caesar  and  nothing,  both  in  him  we  see." 


46  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Having  lost  all  the  possessions  he  had  committed  so  many  crimes 
to  acquire,  Csesar  fell  before  the  small  fortress  of  Viane,  in  Navarre, 
1507. 

Ariosto  thus  alludes  to  him : 

"  Poi  inostra  Caesar  Borgia  col  favore 
Di  questo  re  farsi  in  Italia  grande, 
Ch'  ogni  baron  di  Roma,  ogni  signore 
Soggetto  a  lei  par  ch'  in  esiglio  mande." 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  xxxii.,  st.  37. 

"  Tn  Italy  he  Csesar  Borgia  sliows, 
Who  greater  by  his  monarch's  favour  grows, 
Each  lord  of  Rome,  each  baron  of  renown, 
Rais'd  by  his  smile,  or  exil'd  by  his  frown." 

Hoole's  Translation. 

Borgia,  Giovanni,  Chamberlain  to  the  Empress  of  Germany 
(-j-1592).  The  sun  eclipsed.  Nisi  cum  defecerit  sjjectatorem  non 
h ah et, "Except  when  eclipsed  it  has  no  spectator," — meaning  that 
those  in  authority  should  act  with  the  greatest  circumspection,  as 
their  shining  qualities  often  pass  unnoticed,  but  their  faults,  and 
even  their  personal  defects,  are  inevitably  made  amenable  to  the 
criticism  of  the  vulgar.  Thus,  says  Capaccio,  the  Athenians  insulted 
Simonides  on  account  of  his  screaming  voice ;  the  Lacedemonians, 
Lycurgus,  because  he  hung  down  his  head.  The  Romans  ridiculed 
Scipio  on  account  of  his  snoring,  and  Cato  of  Utica  because  he  filled 
his  cheeks  when  he  ate.  Pompey  scratched  himself  with  one  finger, 
and  the  Carthaginians  observed  that  Hannibal  did  not  wear  lacings  to 
his  cuirass.1 

Borromeo,  Carlo,  Saint,  Cardinal,  and  Archbishop  of  Milan 
(-(-1584).  A  stag  attacked  and  pursued  by  serpents  fleeing  to  a  foun- 
tain for  refuge.  Motto,  Una  salus,2  "  The  only  safeguard."  The  stag 
has  a  natural  enmity  to  the  serpent.  "  This  kind  of  deere,"  says  Pliny, 
"  maintain  fight  with  serpents,  and  are  their  mortal  enemies ;  they  will 
follow  them  to  their  verie  holes,  and  then  (by  the  strength  of  drawing 
and  snuffing  up  their  wind  of  their  nostrils)  force  them  out  whether 
they  will  or  no.  .  .  .  The  serpent  sometimes  climbs  upon  its  back 
and  bites  it  cruelly,  when  the  stag  rushes  to  some  river  or  fountain  and 
throws  itself  into  the  water  to  rid  itself  of  its  enemy."3 

1  Capaccio.  fraudes,    ''To    serve    Cod    is   the   only 

2  Sola  salus   servire   Deo,  sunt  cxtera       safety — all  the  rest  arc  deceits." 

3  Book  viii.,  ch.  33. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  47 

The  stag  is  fleet  and  can  never  be  taken  unless  weary.  It  is  fond 
of  retirement,  and  delights  in  the  neighbourhood  of  water,  especially 
of  fountains  as  the  coolest.  And  when  a  herd  want  to  pass  the  sea, 
they  rest  their  heads  on  each  other's  backs,  and  help  each  other. 
(See  Academies,  Animosi.)  These  rare  qualities  render  the  stag  a  fit 
emblem  of  the  spiritual  man.1  He  is  always  apart  from  the  busy  herd. 
He  fights  the  serpent,  sin,  and  is  swift  in  running  the  race  that  is  set 
before  him.  The  Christians  bear  one  another's  burden,  and  fly  to 
the  fountain  of  living  water  to  give  them  grace  and  refreshment. 

By  the  device,  therefore,  of  the  stag  and  the  serpent  with  the 
motto,  Una  salus,  St.  Charles  Borromeo  implied  that  in  this  life  and 
the  next,  he  looked  only  to  Christ  as  the  one  salvation  and  one  remedy, 
to  all  who  seek  that  fountain. 

St.  Charles  Borromeo  was  member  of  the  Affidati  Academy  when  he 
took  for  device  the  milky  way,  as  being  the  path  of  the  gods.  Motto, 
Monstrat  iter,2  "  It  points  out  the  way,"  to  show  that  the  path  of 
righteousness  is  alone  to  be  followed  in  our  transit  to  another  world. 

Boeromeo,  Vitaliano  (-j-1671),  son  of  Giovanni  Vitaliano  and 
Marie  Borromeo,  having  been  invited  to  Milan  by  his  uncle  Giorgio 
Borromeo,  who  was  in  favour  with  Duke  Francesco  Maria,  he  at- 
tached himself  to  belles  lettres,  and  took  for  impresa  a  sitting  camel, 
to  imply  that  his  uncle  had  raised  him  up.  The  word  "  humilitas  " 
of  his  arms,  with  the  crown,  and  recumbent  camel,  and  unicorn  looking 
towards  a  sun,  and  the  ostrich  feathers,  are  so  many  symbols  of  his 
motto,  Qui  se  humiliat  exaltdbitur,  "  Whoso  abaseth  himself  shall  be 
exalted."  To  humilitas  was  joined  the  crown,  and  as  the  camel  was 
lying  down,  the  unicorn  was  raised  in  allusion  to  the  words,  Exaltdbitur 
sicut  unicornis,  "  He  shall  be  exalted  as  (the  horn  of)  an  unicorn."  On 
the  other  hand,  the  feathers  are  bent  upwards  and  the  crown  at 
bottom,  implying,  Qui  se  exaltat  humiliatabitur,  "  Whoso  exalteth 
himself  shall  be  abased."  On  a  medal3  of  Vitaliano,  we  find  the 
device  of  the  camel  sitting  on  a  basket  of  rushes,  carrying  upon  its 
back  books  and  arms,  and  the  ostrich  feathers.  Motto,  Nee  labor  iste 
gravat?  "  Nor  does  this  labour  oppress," — Labour  is  not  felt  if  we  set 
to  work  with  spirit. 

1  In  Scripture  it  is  a  favourite  emblem  :  3  Museum  Muzz.,  T.  114. 

"  Like  as  the  hart,"  &c.     "  Nephali  is  a  4      "  Nee  me  labor  iste  gravabit." 

hind,"  &c.  ■  Virgil. 

2  See  Brunswick,  Eric,  Duke  of. 


48  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Bottigella.  The  customary  device  of  this  family  was  a  dog- 
collar  unfastened.     Motto,  Sans  liame,  "  Unfettered." 

Giovanni  Battista  Bottigella  of  Padua,  who  fought  in  the  Italian 
wars,  under  Ferrante  Gonzaga,  took  for  device  a  ship  in  full  sail,  with 
the  remora,  or  sucking-fish,  attached  to  it.  Motto,  Sic  frustra,  "Thus 
vainly,"  to  express  how  little  it  availed  his  attachment  to  the  lady  of 
his  affections,  as  she  only  fled  from  him  the  faster.1 

The  remora  fixes  itself  so  firmly  to  a  ship  that  it  cannot  be 
severed  by  wind  or  waves : 

"  The  sucking  fish,  with  secret  chains, 
Clung  to  the  keel,  the  swiftest  ship  detains." 

Pliny  says  : — ■"  There  is  a  little  fish,  keeping  ordinarily  about 
rockes,  named  Echeneis.  It  is  thought  that  if  it  settle  and  sticke  to 
the  keele  of  a  ship  under  water,  it  goeth  the  slower  by  that  meanes, 
whereupon  it  was  so-called  (the  stay-ship)."2 

And  Ben  Jonson  alludes  to  it — 

"  I  say  a  remora, 
For  it  will  stay  a  ship  that's  under  sail." 

The  Magnetic  Lady. 

And,  again,  Spenser — 

"  Looking  far  forth  into  the  ocean  wide, 

A  goodly  ship,  with  banners  bravely  dight, 
And  flag  in  her  top-gallant,  I  espied, 

Through  the  main  sea  making  her  merry  flight; 
Fair  blew  the  wind  into  her  bosom  right, 

And  th'  heavens  looked  lovely  all  the  while, 
That  she  did  seem  to  dance,  as  in  delight, 

And  at  her  own  felicity  did  smile ; 
All  suddenly  there  clove  unto  her  ktel 

A  little  fish,  that  men  call  Eemora, 
Which  stopt  her  course,  and  held  her  by  the  heel, 

That  wind  nor  tide  could  move  her  thence  away. 
Strange  thing  me  seemeth  that  so  small  a  thing 
Should  able  be  so  great  an  one  to  wring." 

Spenser,  Visions  of  the  World's  Vanity. 

As  a  member  of  the  Afiidati  Academy  of  Pavia,  Bottigella  had  for 
device  bees  flying  from  flower  to  flower  sucking  the  honey.  Motto, 
Ut  prosim,  "  That  I  may  be  useful," — meaning  that  he  would  devote 
all  his  talents  and  industry  to  promote  the  happiness  and  enjoyment 
of  others. 

1  Another  motto  for  the  remora,  Sic  parvis  magna  cedunt,  "  Thus  great  things 
yield  to  small."  -  Book  ix.,  ch.  25. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


49 


Boukbon,  House  of. — The  Sires  de  Bourbon  were  among  the 
great  vassals  of  the  crown  of  France.1 

Bourbon,  Peter,  second  Duke  of  (-f-  1356),  bore  for  device  a 
flying  stag,  surrounded  by  flames  of  fire,  and  round  his  neck  a  collar, 
inscribed  with  the  word  Esperance2  (Fig.  34). 


Fig.  34.— Peter,  Duke  of  Bourbon. 


Bourbon,  Louis  II.,  le  Bon  et  le  Grand  (-J-  1410),  third  Duke 
of.  He  remained  for  eight  years  in  England,  as  one  of  the  hostages 
of  the  treaty  of  Bretigny.  On  his  return  to  Moulins,  his  chateau 
not  being  ready  for  his  reception,  he  lodged  at  the  house  of  Huguenin 
Chauveau,  grand  procureur  of  the  Bourbonnais,  who,  in  the  midst  of 
the  rejoicings,  presented  him  with  a  large  book,  containing  a  register 
of  all  the  crimes  committed  by  his  nobles  during  his  eight  years' 
absence.  The  duke  replied,  with  a  severe  tone,  "  You  say  that  it 
contains  the  register  of  their  crimes,  but  it  appears  to  me  you  have 
not  recorded  the  services  of  my  brave  barons  who  have  released  me 
from  prison."  He  then  snatched  the  book  from  the  hands  of  the 
grand  procureur,  and  without  opening  it,  threw  it  into  the  fire.3 


1  The  Bourbon  arms  were  or,  a  lion 
gules,  eight  escallops  in  orle,  azure — 
derived  from  Archambaud  VI.,  'who 
followed  Louis  VII.  to  the  second  Cru- 
sade, and  placed  the  scallops  round  his 
shield  as  memorials  of  bis  pilgrimage. 

2  "  C'estait  une  grande  nue'e  d'azur  de 
laqnelle  sortaient  des  langues  de  feu  d'or 


et  de  gueulles,  et  au  milieu  etait  un 
cerf-volant  d'or,  et  autour  du  cou  s'espan- 
dant  sur  les  e'paules  entre  ses  ailes  e'tait 
une  ceinture  d'azur,  oil  e'tait  e'crite  en 
lettres  d'or  1'ancienne  devise  de  la  maison 
de  Bourbon  Espe'rance." — Ste.  Marthe, 
Traite  des  armes  de  France. 
3  Jean  D'Oronville. 

E 


50  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

On  his  return  from  England  he  instituted  the  order  of  the  Ecu 
d'Or.  It  consisted  of  a  golden  shield,  upon  which  was  a  bend  charged 
with  the  word  Allen,  "  All," — a  motto  he  brought  from  England,  the 
meaning  of  which  he  thus  explained  to  his  knight :  "  Mes  amis,  au 
travers  de  mon  ecu  d'or  est  une  bande  ou  il  y  a  ecrit,  '  Allen.'  Allen 
(signifying  tout)  c'est  a  dire,  allons  tous  ensemble  au  service  de  Dieu, 
et  soyons  tous  une  en  defence  de  notre  pays  et  la  ou  nous  pourrons 
trouver  a  conquester  honneur  par  fait  de  chevalerie."  On  the  belts 
of  the  knights  was  wrought  the  "joyeux  mot"  Esperance}  The 
motto  "Allen"  was  placed  upon  their  caps,  and  they  wore  a  mantle 
of  sky-blue,  lined  with  red  satin. 

On  the  occasion  of  his  marriage  with  Anne,  Dauphine  of  Forez 
and  Auvergne,  Louis  converted  the  order  of  the  Ecu  d'Or  into  that  of 
Notre  Dame  du  Chardon,  a  rebus  by  which  he  expressed  to  Beraud, 
Count  of  Clermont  and  Dauphin  of  Auvergne,  his  gratitude  for  the 
cher-don2  he  had  made  him  by  giving  him  the  hand  of  his  daughter. 
The  collar  of  gold  consisted  of  lozenges.  In  each  lozenge  was  a  letter 
of  the  word  Esjierance.  The  jewel  represented  the  Virgin  crowned 
with  twelve  stars,  a  crescent  under  her  feet,  and  beneath  a  thistle. 
The  girdle  was  fastened  with  a  buckle,  enamelled  green,  in  form  like 
the  head  of  a  thistle. 

Bourbon,  Charles  I.,  fifth  Duke  of  (-4-  1457).  He  took  the  device 
of  a  flaming  pot  overturned  (Fig.  35) ;  motto,  Zara  a  chi  toeca  ("  Gave 
a  qui  le  louche"),  "Beware  who  touches  it."  His  friend  and  contem- 
porary, King  Bene,  gives  us  both  in  prose  and  verse  the  description 
and  explanation  of  this  device 3  in  a  MS.4  called  "  Le  livre  du  cuer 
d'Amours  epris,"  written  about  1457 :  "  Ung  aultre  escu  ensuivant 
estoit  d'azur  a  trois  fleurs  de  lys  d'or,  a  une  bande  de  gueules ;  autour 
auquel  escu  estoient  paincts  pots  d'or  casses,  dont  yssoit  grans  flammes 
et  feu  gregeoys ;  et  le  champ  sur  quoi  les  dits  pots  estoient,  estoit 

1  "  1393.  A  Herman  Ruissel,  pour  dear  to  them,  they  took  the  thistle 
avoir  fait  et  forgie  liiij.  lettres  d'  or  qui  (Chardon)  of  his  great-grandfather  Louis 
dient,  Esperance,  pour  mettre  et  asseoir  as  his  device,  and  bore  it,  with  their  cypher 
sur  deux  ccintures  d'or  de  broderie." —  interlaced  and  true  lover's  knots,  as  was 
Comptes  royaux.  to  be  seen  in   the  Bourbon  Chapel." — 

2  Menestrier  asserts  that  when  Pierre  Traite  des  Tournois,  1669. 

de  Beaujeu  married   Anne   de   France,  3  In  the  chapel  of  the   Bourbons  at 

daughter  of  Louis  XL,  regarding  their       Souvigny,   the   "  pots   enflammes  "  form 
alliance  as  the  gift  of  Heaven,  which  was       part  of  its  modern  decoration. 

4  In  the  Imperial  Library  at  Paris. 


AND  WAE-CEIES. 


51 


iny-parti   en   quartiers   de  noir  et  de  bleu;    soulez   lequel   tableau 
estoieot  escriptz  les  vers  qui  s'ensuivent." 

"  Charles  de  Bourbon  suys,  qui  grant  renom  avoye 
En  gracieusete',  eu  temps  que  je  regnoye ; 
Entre  tous  me  trouvay  joyeulx  et  esbattant, 
Comble'  fie  plusieurs  biens  que  Thomme  est  de'sirant ; 
Courtosie,  beaulte',  bonte',  tresors,  largesse, 
Sens  et  honnestete,  bon  advis,  grand  prouesse ; 
Des  dames  assailly  plus  que  mon  pere  assez, 
Dont  par  ardeur  d'amours,  je  prins  comme  scavez, 
Pour  mon  mot,  feu  gre'geoys ;  mais  neanmoins  mon  feu, 
D'aller  a  l'hospital  en  la  fin  contraint  feus ; 
Hommage  au  dieu  d'amours,  comme  les  autres  fis, 
Et  sur  mon  portal  ai  le  nren  blason  assis." 


Kig.  35. — Charles,  Duke  of  Bourbon. 


Bourbon,  Jean  II.  (-j-  1488),  bis  son,  styled,  "Le  Fleau  des 
Anglais,"  sixth  Duke  of. 

In  a  MS.1  in  tbe  Imperial  Library  at  Paris,2  his  arms  are  sup- 
ported, in  one  place,  by  two  sirenes,  or  mermaids ;  in  another,  by  a 
Sagittarius.      Motto,   Je  deusse  mourir. 

Bourbon,  Charles  II.,  Cardinal  de  (-f-  1488),  brother  of  John  II, 
and  of  Pierre  de  Beaujeu,  and  of  Margaret  the  mother  of  Louise  de 
Savoie.      Archbishop  of  Lyons,  at  the  age  of  nine ;  Sextus  IV.  made 


1  No.  6767. 

2  In  other  MSS.  in  the  same  Library 
the   Bourbon   shield   is   supported  by  a 


wild  man  and  a  mermaid ;  also,  in  some, 
by  a  Sagittarius,  -with  the  motto,  Esp&- 
rance. 

E    2 


52 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


him  Cardinal.  On  the  death  of  his  brother  Jean  II.,  he  took  the  title 
of  Duke  de  Bourbon,  under  the  name  of  Charles  II.  His  device  was 
a  flaming  sword  (Fig.  36),  representing  the  sword  of  the  Church  and 
"  the  sword  of  the  Spirit,  which  is  the  sword  of  God."  His  motto 
(from  the  '  iEneid '),  Audor  ego  audendi,  "  I,  the  author  of  daring." 


Fig  3G. — Cardinal  de  Buurbun. 

He  also  had  the  same  emblem  with  the  motto,  N'esppir  ny  peur.1 
Likewise,  Folium  ejus  non  defluit?  "  His  leaf  does  not  wither." 

Bourbon,  Charles  III.,  seventh  Duke  de  (-f- 1527).  The  celebrated 
Constable  Bourbon,  "  le  plus  magnifique  seigneur  de  son  siecle,  apres 
le  roi  de  France,  et  le  plus  malheureux  des  proscrits  apres  Themistocle 
et  Coriolan." 

When,  in  execution  of  an  ordinance  in  1527,  an  officer  was  sent  into 
the  Bourbonnais  to  efface  the  Constable's  arms  and  devices,3  one  of 
these  last  consisted  of  the  Constable's  sword,  interlaced  with  a  scroll 
upon  which  was  inscribed,  Penetrabit,  "  It  will  penetrate," — a  motto 


1  Le  Latxmreur,  '  Tombeaux  des  Per- 
sonnes  illustres.' 

2  In  his  chapel  at  the  Cathedral  of 
Lyons,  two  arms  carrying  naming  swords 
support  his  banner. 

3  When  the  constable  was  declared 
guilty  of  high  treason,  salt  was  sown  in 


the  Hotel  de  Bourbon  (now  the  Garde 
Meuble  de  la  Couronne)  at  Paris,  his 
arms  were  broken,  and  the  executioner 
smeared  the  windows  and  doors  with  yel- 
low, "  Ce  jaune  infame  dont  on  barbouille 
les  maisons  des  traitres." — Brantome, 
Homines  illustres. 


AND  WAB- CRIES.  53 

which  revealed  at  once  his  pride  and  his  high  pretensions.  Charles 
also  preserved  the  flying  stag  of  Duke  Peter,  which  was  embroidered 
upon  the  surcoats  of  his  followers  as  well  as  upon  his  own,  and  was 
conspicuous  at  the  battle  of  Aignadel,1  where  the  charge  of  the  Duke 
decided  the  fortune  of  the  day.  When  the  news  of  the  Battle  of  Pavia 
reached  Rome,  a  French  gentleman  observed  to  Clement  VII.,  alluding 
to  the  defection  of  the  Constable,  "  Although  he  may  appear  a  traitor 
to  his  king  and  country,  yet  his  conduct  deserved  some  excuse,  having 
declared  so  long  beforehand  his  intentions ;  since  his  wearing  the 
flying  stag,  embroidered  upon  his  surcoat,  showed  that  he  meditated 
fleeing  into  Burgundy ;  and  as  his  legs  would  not  be  swift  enough, 
he  required  also  wings ;  therefore  the  motto  was  added,  Cursum 
intendimus  alis,  '  We  bend  our  course  with  wings.'  " 

Brantome  visited  Gaeta,  where  the  Imperialists  took  the  body  of 
the  Constable,2  and  says  that  near  his  tomb  was  his  great  standard  of 
yellow  silk  embroidered  with  flying  stags  and  naked  flaming  swords, 
with  the  word,  Esperance,  esperance,  in  several  places ;  the  castellan 
explaining  it  as  signifying,  by  the  flying  stags,  that  he  had  been 
obliged  to  use  the  greater  diligence,  and  to  arm  himself  with  the 
flaming  sword,  with  which  he  had  hope  (esperance)  to  revenge  himself 
by  fire  and  sword  upon  his  enemies.  The  word  Penetrabit  makes  the 
meaning  still  more  significant.3 

At  the  entry  of  Francis  I.  into  Paris,  on  the  occasion  of  his  corona- 
tion, the  Duke  of  Bourbon  was  attired  in  cloth  of  silver,  embroidered 
with  tongues  of  fire.  There  was  a  rich  border  of  gold  to  his  robe, 
upon  which  was  blazoned  his  motto,  A  toujour s  jamais* 

1   See  ALTIANO.  "  *-*r'  as  brave  Bourbon,  thou  badst  made  old  Rome 

*  Bourbon  was  the  idol  of  the  Spanish  Queen  of  *e  *«";  ^ triuuiP>  and  **  *mb" 

,,,,.,  Sir  W.  Drummond,  of  Hawthornden. 

adventurers,  who  composed  ballads  wnicn 

they  sang  in  his  honour.     One  began—  3  The  Imperialists  placed  this  epitaph 


Calla,  calla,  Julio  Cesar,  Hannibal,  Scipion ; 
Viva  la  fama  de  Borbon." 


upon  Ids  tomb  at  Gaeta 

"  Aucto  imperio 
Gallo  victo 


"Let   Caesar,  Hannibal,   and   Scipio  be  Superata  Italia 

silent;  long  live  the  fame  of  Bourbon."  Pontine*  obsesso 

'          °  Roma  capta 

They  also  made  his  epitaph—  Borbonus  hie  jacet." 

"  La  Francia  mi  dia  la  lecbe,  "  After  having  aggrandised  the  empire, 

La  Espana  la  gloria  e  la  aventura,  conquered    the    French,  subdued  Italy, 

Y  la  Italia  la  sepultura."  besieged  the  Pope,  taken  Rome,  Bourbon 

"  France   gave  me  milk  (life),  Spain  rests  here." 

glory  and  adventure,  and  Italy  a  tomb."  4  Godefroy,    '  Grand    Ceremonial    de 

—  Brantome,  ViecletHommcs  lllustres.  France.' 


54  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Brembata  (Isotta)  (-}-1586).  Of  a  noble  family  of  Bergamo,  this 
lady  poet  was  an  eminent  linguist,  and  so  versed  was  she  in  Latin, 
that  she  spoke  in  that  language  before  the  senate  of  Milan,  whom  she 
had  occasion  to  address  upon  matters  concerning  her  own  interests. 

She  took  for  device  the  garden  of  the  Hesperides,  with  its  golden 
apples,  and  the  dragon  lying  dead  before  the  gate,  with  this  Spanish 
motto,  Yo  mejor  las  guardare,  "  I  will  guard  them  better." 

"  Th'  Hesperian  golden  apples  said  to  keepe, 
So  wakeful,  it  was  never  knowne  to  sleepe; 
But  after  slain  by  Hercules." 

T.  Hetwood. 

Bruges,Louis  de,  Seigneur  de  la  Gruthuyse  (+  1492),  Chevalier  d' 
honneur  of  Mary,  daughter  of  Charles  the  Rash.  On  his  MSS.  in  the 
Imperial  Library  is  his  device,  a  bombard  throwing  a  projectile. 
Motto,  Plus  est  en  vous. 

Brunore.    See  Count  Pietra  il  vecchio. 

Brunswick,  Henry,  the  Young  Duke  of  (-f-  1568).  The  moon. 
Motto,  Lux  in  tenebris,  "  Light  in  darkness," — the  character  of  faith. 

Brunswick,  Erik,  Duke  of  (-f- 1584).  Gloria  ex  duris,  "Glory 
from  hardships." 

Another,  two  hands  shooting  from  a  bow,  an  arrow  in  the  air. 
Motto,  Sic  itur  ad  astra,1  "  Thus  men  ascend  to  the  stars."  That  is, 
such  is  the  way  to  immortality. 

Burgundy,  Philip  le  Hardi  (Bold),  Duke  of  (-4-  1404).  It  is 
related  that  in  the  preparations  for  his  expedition  against  England 
nothing  surpassed  his  magnificence.  His  ship  was  painted  outside  in 
blue  and  gold.  There  were  3000  standards  with  his  motto,  assumed, 
no  doubt,  for  the  occasion,  but  which  he  afterwards  always  retained,2 
Moult  me  tarde.  It  was  also  embroidered  upon  the  sails  of  his  ship 
encircled  by  a  wreath  of  daisies,  in  compliment  to  his  wife.3 

Burgundy,  Jean  sans  Peur  (Fearless),  Duke  of  (-4- 1419),  so 
called  from  the  air  of  assurance  with  which  he  appeared  before  Bajazet 
after  the  loss  of  the  battle  of  Nicopolis. 

During  the  malady  of  Charles  VI.,  when  the  factions  of  the 
Orleans  and  Burgundian  parties  were  at  their  height,  Louis,  Duke  of 

1  Virgil.  3  "  1395.  Ung  bon  raessel  a  1'  usaige  de 

2  Barante,  '  Histoire  des  Dues  de  Paris,  couvert  d'  une  chemise  de  drap 
Bourgognc'  For  a  further  account  of  de  Damas  blanc  seme'  de  marguerites, 
this  motto,  see  War-Cries,  Burgundy.  P.  et  M." — (Inv.  du  Due  de  Bourgogne.) 


AND  WAK-CKIES. 


55 


Orleans,  took  the  knotted  stick  as  his  device  (Fig.  37),  with  the  motto, 
Je  Venvy,  a  term  used  in  playing  dice,  implying,  in  the  language  of  the 
time,  "  I  defy  you," — Je  porte  le  defi.  John,  on  the  other  hand,  assumed 
as  a  counter-device  a  carpenter's  plane  (Fig.  38),  with  the  motto  in 
Flemish,  Hie  lioud,  "  I  hold  it,"  also  borrowed  from  the  same  game. 


1 


Fig.  37. — Louis,  Duke  of  Orleans. 


Fig  38. — John,  Duke  of  Burgundy. 


The  plane  to  plane  the  knots  of  the  stick  of  Orleans,  the  motto  signi- 
fying possession — that  is,  of  the  person  of  the  king  and  the  govern- 
ment of  the  country,  which  he  held  in  his  own  keeping.  These 
devices  were  both  trumpets  of  sedition  and  anarchy,  which  proved 
fatal  to  the  Duke  of  Orleans  at  the  Porte  Barbette,  and  to  the  Duke 
of  Burgundy  at  Montereau.  After  the  assassination  of  the  Duke  of 
Orleans  the  Parisians  said,  "  Le  baton  epineux  avait  ete  racle  par  le 
rabot."  The  device  of  Jean  sans  Peur  is  to  be  seen  on  his  tomb  at  Dijon, 
and  his  ducal  robe  is  seme  with  rabots,1  that  of  his  wife,  Margaret 
of  Bavaria,  with  marguerites.    Her  motto  was,  Lacessitus, "  Provoked." 


1  "  1413.  Pour  une  grande  quantite  de 
raboteures  rondes  dargent  blanc  pour 
mettre  et  assoir  sur  la  broderie  d'une 
jaquette  de  drap  noir."— (Inv.  des  Dues 
de  Bourgogne,  270.) 

"  1416.  Pour  iiijc  iiti"  rabos,  iiijm 
iiiic  lij  rabotures,  et  xixm  iiije  bezans 
d' argent  blanc  pour  asseoir  sur  la  brodure 
de  iiij"  robes."— {Ibid.  373.) 


"  1416.  Pour  vic  liij  rabos  d'or  sauldis 
que  Ton  a  mis  et  assis  sur  les  manches." 
— (Ibid.  373.) 

"  1467.  Une  sainture  dargent  dore' 
pour  mectre  sur  harnois  de  joustes,  a 
xxiiij  barroyers  pendans  et  a  dix  rabos 
ferme's  et  y  fault  ung  rabot,  pesant  viii 
marcs,  iij  onces.'' — (Ibid.  3184.) 


56 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


It  is  to  Duke  John  that  Menestrier  ascribes  the  fusils  or  steel,  the 
well  known  device  of  Burgundy. 

It  is  stated  that  on  his  marriage  with  Margaret  of  Bavaria,  this 
princess  and  all  her  relatives,  and  those  of  the  house  of  Brederode, 
placed  upon  their  escutcheons  two  batons  in  saltier,  with  a  quantity  of 
sparks  round  the  shield.  Motto,  Flammescit  uterque,  "It  flames 
forth  on  both  sides,"  to  express  probably  the  mutual  affection  of 
husband  and  wife.1  He  took  two  pigs  as  supporters,  in  memory  of 
St.  Antony,  honoured  in  Hainault.  Menestrier  states  this  device 
is  to  be  seen  on  the  great  organ  at  Haarlem. 

Burgundy,  Philip  the  Good,  Duke  of  (-j-1467),  son  of  Jean 
sans  Peur.  One  of  the  most  powerful  princes  of  the  fifteenth  century. 
None  equalled  him  in  magnificence  or  surpassed  him  in  valour.  His 
ambassadors  walked  first  after  those  of  kings ;  the  princes  of  Asia 
saluted  him  as  "  the  Great  Duke  of  the  West,"  and  as  "  the  Good 
Duke  "  he  was  respected  throughout  Europe. 

He  adopted  the  device  of  the  steel  (fusil)  striking  sparks  out  of  a 
flint  (Fig.  39),  with  the  motto,  Ante  ferit,  quam  flamma  micet,  "  It 
strikes  before  the  flame  sparkles." 


Fig.  39.— Philip  the  Good,  Duke  of  Burgundy. 


Various  explanations  are  given  of  this  device.     Some  think  that 

1  A  kind  of  society  was  formed  of  the  horses  of  the  pages  were  caparisoned 
device  of  the  duke,  and  when  his  son  with  the  device  of  the  "  fusil  and  etin- 
Philip  brought  his  sister  from  Paris,  the       celles." 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  57 

Philip  meant  that  as  iron  and  flint,  when  in  collision,  kindle  a  fire  not 
easily  extinguished,  so  the  collision  of  two  inflammable  princes  often 
gives  birth  to  war,  ending  in  the  ruin  of  both.  Also,  that  as  fire  and 
steel  are  quiet  unless  called  forth,  a  good  prince  should  never  incite 
the  flames  of  war  except  from  necessity.  Again,  that  as  stone  and 
steel  are  useless  in  themselves,  unless  brought  into  action,  when  they 
produce  a  brilliant  flame,  so  the  noble  qualities  of  the  mind  should  be 
brought  into  action,  so  as  to  produce  honour  and  glory  to  the  profession. 

Perhaps  Philip  foresaw  the  inflammable  temperament  of  his  son 
when  he  adopted  this  device,  which  was  the  more  attractive  as  the  form 
of  the  ancient  steel  resembled  a  B,  the  initial  letter  of  Burgundy,  and 
also  the  sparks  of  fire  might  be  likened  to  the  thunderbolts  of  Jupiter. 
Philip  made  the  device  popular  by  causing  his  goldsmiths,  painters, 
and  embroiderers  to  introduce  it  upon  all  their  worts.1 

On  the  occasion  of  his  marriage  with  his  third  wife,  Isabella  of 
Portugal,  in  1429,  Philip  instituted  the   celebrated   order 2   of  the 


1  The  device  occurs  constantly  in  his 
inventories  :  — 

"  1421.  Quatre  grans  estendars — sur 
chascim  desquels  avoit  un  grant  fusil  et 
la  pierre  qui  y  appartient,  avec  plusieurs 
flambes  et  estincelles  selon  le  devise  de 
Monseigneur." — (Inventaire  des  Dues  de 
Bourgogne.) 

"  —  Un  char  paint  de  vert — et  par 
dessus  seme  et  emplie  de  fusilz  et  flambez 
de  fin  or,  et  la  pierre  et  les  esclas  d'argent, 
a  la  devise  des  estandars  de  Monseigneur." 
—{Ibid.) 

"  1426.  Item  dix  pennons  de  bacture, 
armoyez  a  ses  armes — et  au  bout  desdites 
armes  ung  grant  fusil  dor  et  le  caillou 
d'argent. ' — (Ibid.) 

"  1467.  Une  couppe  d'or  oil  il  y  a  a  l'en- 
tour — du  fritelet  trois  fusilz  et  des  flambes 
esmaille'es  de  rouge,  clere  et  dessous  les 
armes  de  Monseigneur." — (Ibid.) 

"  —  Une  autre  couppe  d'or ;  tout 
pleine,  oil  il  y  a  sur  le  couvescle  des  fusilz 
et  des  flambes  esmaillees  de  noir." — ■ 
(Ibid.) 

"  —  Une  couppe  d'or,  oil  il  y  a  dedens 

-  les  armes  de  M.  S.,  et  dedens  le  couvercle 

et  an    fritelet   trois   fusilz,  les  cailloutz 

esmaillees  et  une  petite  nue'e  dont  il  part 


des  flambles  esmaille'es  de  rouge  cler  et 
au  dessus  les  armes  de  M.  S.'' — (Ibid.) 

"  1467.  Huit  fusilz  d'or,  servans  au 
manteau  de  M.  S.  de  l'ordre  de  la  Toison, 
chascun  gamy  d'un  dyamant  pointu, 
d  un  rubis  et  de  xij  perles,  les  unes  plus 
gran  des  que  les  autres,  tout  pesant  1 
marc,  v  onces." — [Ibid.) 

"  —  Pauldron  or  gorget  plate :  a 
portion  of  a  most  beautiful  suit  of  en- 
graved and  gilded  steel  armour,  enriched 
with  the  devices  of  the  House  of  Bur- 
gundy— the  crossed  staves,  briquet,  flames 
of  fire,  &c." —  Catalogue  of  the  Collection  of 
Mr.  Robert  Napier,  of  West  Shandon, 
Dumbartonshire,  by  J.  C.  Eobinson; 
privately  printed,  London,  1865. 

2  Charles  V.  said  he  could  at  his  own 
pleasure  create  dukes  and  marquises,  but 
he  could  not  make  one  knight  of  the 
Golden  Fleece,  it  requiring  the  assent 
and  votes  of  all  the  knights  of  the  order. 
The  order  has  a  king-at-arms  called 
"  Toison  d'Or."  Philip  gave  each  of  his 
knights  a  scarlet  robe  of  wool;  his  son 
changed  the  material  to  silk.  The 
mantle  was  embroidered  with  a  border, 
seme'  of  fusils,  pierres,  etincelles,  and 
to;sons.  in  gold. 


58  HISTOBIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Golden  Fleece,  enjoining  his  nobles  to  emulate  the  virtues  of  Gideon. 
The  fleece  was  to  be  of  gold,  in  imitation  of  that  of  Jason.1 

"  The  rich  fleece,  whose  every  hair  was  gold." 

T.  Heywood. 

Doubtless,  Philip  selected  this  badge  from  wool  being  the  staple 
commodity  of  the  country  (as  our  judges  sit  upon  the  woolsack),  and 
the  great  source  of  the  wealth  of  the  Netherlands. 

Philip  always  said  that  it  was  Gideon,  not  Jason,  he  had  in  his 
mind  when  he  instituted  the  order,  as  the  former  was  an  example  of 
fidelity  and  incorruptible  justice,  while  Jason  broke  his  faith.  The 
history  of  Gideon  served  always  to  celebrate  the  order.  In  1474,  on 
the  entry  of  Charles  the  Bold  into  Dijon,  Gideon  was  at  the  head  of 
his  men-at-arms,  and  before  him  was  borne  a  banner  with  this  motto, 
Oladius  Domini  et  Gedeonis.  While  the  Midianites  were  flying,  an 
angel  held  a  scroll,  on  which  was  inscribed  Dominus  tecum,  virorum 
fortissime"  "  The  Lord  is  with  thee,  bravest  of  men." 2 

The  collar  of  the  Golden  Fleece  is  composed  of  flint  stones  alter- 
nately with  double  fusils  placed  two  and  two  together,  forming  double 
B's.  From  this  suspends  a  Golden  Fleece.  The  motto  of  the  order 
is,  Pretium  non  vile  laborum,  "  No  mean  reward  of  labours." 3 

After  his  marriage  with  Isabella  of  Portugal,  Philip  took  for  his 
motto,  Autre  N'aray.  In  some  places  we  find  the  device  amplified.4 
Autre  N'aray  Dame  Isabeau,  tant  que  vivray,  meaning  that  after 
Isabella  he  would  not  take  another  wife,  having  already  been  married 
twice  before.5 

Burgundy,  Charles  le  Temeraire  (-(-1475).  His  motto  was, 
Je  Vay  empris  (entrepris) ;  his  tournament  motto,  Ainsi  je  frappe. 

At  his  marriage  with  Margaret  of  York,  at  Bruges,  in  1468,  the 
device,  Je  Tai  empris,  was  placed  over  his  hotel.3 

1  Jason's  fleece  was  emblematic  of  the  covered  in  his  presence.  There  are  now 
fertility  of  the  soil ;  and  his  name  con-  two  branches  of  the  order ;  of  one  the 
tains  the  initials  of  the  five  months  of  Emperor  of  Austria  is  sovereign,  of  the 
the  year  in  which    fruit  is  gathered —  other,  the  King  of  Spain. 

July,  August,  September,  October,  No-  4  '  Mausole'e  de  la  Toison  d'or.' 

vember.  5  "  Couteau  d'e'euyer   tianchant.     La 

2  Barante.  manche  en  cuivie,  porte  sur  chaque  cote' 

3  Charles  the  Bold,  Maximilian,  and  les  armes  de  la  maison  de  Bourgogne 
Philip  II.  gave  the  knights  of  the  Golden  grave's  and  e'maillees,  ainsi  que  les  mots. 
Fleece  precedence  over  every  one  but  Autre  narai,  devise  bien  connue  de 
princes  of  the  blood  and  crowned  heads  ;  Philippele-Bon.'' — Laborde,  Muse'e  du 
and  Philip  IV.  allowed  them  to  remain  Louvre. 

6  Barante. 


AND  WAK-CEIES.  59 

Je  lay  empris  Bien  en  avienque,  is  inscribed  on  his  magnificent 
tomb  at  Bruges. 

In  his  fatal  expedition  against  the  Swis3,  Charles  bore  the  cus- 
tomary device  of  his  family,  the  fusil,  with  logs  of  wood  crossed, 
denoting  he  had  the  intention  and  the  means  of  stirring  up  the 
flames  of  war.  The  motto  was  that  of  Jean  sans  Peur,  Flammescit 
uterque. 

When  Duke  Rene  of  Lorraine  was  presented  with  one  of  the 
banners  of  Charles  bearing  this  device,  he  said,  "  Truly,  that  unfor- 
tunate prince  when  he  had  most  need  to  warm  himself  had  not  time 
to  strike  fire,"  which  speech,  observes  Segar,1  "  was  pithie ;  and  the 
more  because  the  earth  was  then  covered  with  snow,  and,  by  reason 
of  the  conflict,  full  of  blood.  At  that  time  was  the  greatest  frost  and 
cold  that  any  man  living  could  remember." 

Duke  Charles  also  bore  for  device,  a  branch  of  holly,  with  the 
words,  Qui  sy  frotte  sy  pique.  The  same  motto,  with  a  porcupine, 
being  that  of  his  city  of  Nancy. 

Burgundy,  Margaret  of  York,  Duchess  of,  sister  of  Edward  IV., 
and  wife  of  Charles  (-f-  1503).     Her  motto  was,  Bien  en  avienne. 

Over  her  widow's  lozenge,  she  wore  C  and  M  tied  with  true 
lovers'  knots.2 

We  find  in  the  inventory  of  her  grandson,  Charles  V.,  1536  : — 
"  Une  couppe  d'argent  couverte  doree  par  dehors  et  par  dedens,  garnie 
de  trente  deux  pourchelains  a  maniere  de  camahieux,  taillez  de 
plusieurs  personnaiges  et  d'  oiseaulx  et  de  rolletz  ou  il  y  a  escript  : 
Bien  en  advienque,  et  sur  le  fretelet  les  amies  de  feu  MS.  Charles  et 
de  Madame  sa  compaigne  en  une  rosette  en  facon  de  marguerite, 
pesant  vi.  marcs,  vii.  onces." 

Burgundy,  Antoine  de,  styled  "  le  Grand  Batard  de  Bourgogne  " 
(-f-1504),  Comte  de  la  Roche  en  Ardennes,  natural  son  of  Philip  the 
Good.  He  commanded  the  advance  guard  at  Granson ;  was  made 
prisoner  at  Nancy,  when  he  was  purchased  by  Louis  XL  for  10,000 
crowns,  and  he  attached  himself  to  the  French  service. 

This  knight  is  well-known  in  English  annals  for  his  celebrated 
tournament  at  Smithfield  with  Antony  Wydville,  Lord  Scales,  in  the 
reign  of  King  Edward  IV.,  his  brother-in-law. 

1  '  Honor,  Military  aud  Civill,'  by  W.  2  Sandford,    '  Genealogical    History.' 

Scgar,  Norroy.     London,  1602.  London,  1707. 


60 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


He  took  for  device  a  barbican,  with  the  motto,  Nul  ne  s'y  frole, 
which  he  bore  upon  his  standard,  placed  upon  his  manuscripts,  and 
also  on  his  medals  (Fig.  40). 

This  barbican  does  not  appear  to  have  been,  as  is  the  usual  accep- 
tation of  the  word,  au  outwork  or  watch-tower,1  but  a  kind  of  wooden 
penthouse  (Fig.  41)  to  protect  an  opening  in  the  castle  wall.2  It  is  so 


Fig.  40. — Medal  of  Anloine  de  Bouvgogne. 


Kig.  41. — Barbicans,  from  a  MS.  Froissart. 


depicted  in  his  manuscripts3  and  his  medals;4  and  Mr.  Planche,5  who 
visited  the  ruins  of  his  castle  at  Tournehem,  in  Artois,  found  the 
badge  so  represented  in  various  parts  of  the  building. 

Olivier  de  la  Marche  describes  him  at  the  siege  of  Oudenarde, 
1452,  as  wearing  a  great  rich  standard,  embroidered  with  a  barbican. 
And  again,  in  1480 — "  Saillit  le  chevalier  a  l'arbre  dor,  son  cheval 
couvert  de  velours  tanne,  a  grans  barbacannes  de  fil  d'or  en  bordure 
et  lettres  de  meme  a  sa  devise  (Nul  ne  s'y  frotte)  et  d'icelles  barba- 
cannes issoyent  flammes  de  feu." 

At  the  Smithfield  tournament,  Anthony  had  embroidered  on  his 
pavilion,  his  "  word,"  Null'  ne  cy  frete.  On  his  cuming  in,  the 
green  velvet  trappings  over  his  horses  were  powdered  with  barbicans, 


1  "  Within  the  barbican  a  porter  sate, 

Day  and  night  keeping  watch  and 

ward."  r, 

Spenser. 

2  Barbican  :  "  A  scout  house  or  hole  " 
(Randle  Cotgrave,  Dictionary,  1611 ). 
"  An  outwork  standing  out  of  a  house  " 
(Florio,  '  Worlde  of  Words,'  1598). 

3  One  in  the  possession  of  M.  Firmin 
Didot. 


4  "  Bronze  medallion,  Antoine  B.,  of 
Burgundy— circa  1490-1500.  Ob.,  bust 
portrait,  inscribed, '  Avthonius  B.  de  Bur- 
gundia.'  Rev.,  a  barbican,  with  the 
inscription,  '  Nul  ne  si  /rote.' " — South 
Kensington  Museum. 

5  See  his  interesting  paper  in  the 
Journal  of  the  Archaeological  Association, 
vol.  vi. 


AND  WAE-CRIES. 


61 


and  "  Fuzill "  was  one  of  his  pursuivant-at-arms,  in  reference  to  the 
badge  of  tbe  house  of  Burgundy. 

Butera,  Francesco,  Prince  of,  Knight  of  the  Golden  Fleece- 
See  Cr^quy. 

Caldora  Family,  to  show  their  unanimous  zeal  to  serve  their  king, 
the  young  by  their  arms,  tbe  old  by  their  counsel,  took  for  device 
burning  logs  of  wood,  with  the  motto  from  Scripture,  Si  in  viridi 
quid  in  arido  ?  "  For  if  they  do  these  things  in  a  green  tree,  what 
shall  be  done  in  the  dry  ?"  l 

Campana,  Francesco.  HaviDg  the  direction  of  printing  the  rare 
books  in  the  Laurentian  Library,  made  as  a  device  to  place  in  the 
title-page,  KAMATOS  ETKAMAT02,  Fatica  senza  fatiea, 
"  Work  without  fatigue." 

Campo  Basso,  Cola  Conte  di.2  The  faithless  condottiere  captain 
who  betrayed  Charles  the  Bash  at  Nancy.  After  his  treachery,  he 
directed  his  troops  towards  Fjance,  and  bore  on  his  banner  the  device 


Fig.  42. — Conte  di  Campo  Basso. 


of  a  block  of  marble  split  through  the  centre  by  the  force  of  the  wild 
fig  (Fig.  42),  which,  fixing  its  roots  into  the  fissure  of  the  marble,  in  time 


1  Luke  xxiii.  31. 
Monforti,    Signori    di   Campo       of    Naples. — Bescritione    del    Regno    di 

Uit     nf   tho  m'tv  KrtmnlS        "Woiv-ili     1  R71 


The 


Basso,  were  of  a  noble  family,  of  the  city       Napoli.    Napoli,  1671. 


62  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

forces  it  asunder,  and  bursts  even  the  most  solid  walls.  His  motto 
was  from  Martial  (Epigr.  x.  2),  Marmora  Messalas  findit  caprificus, 
"  The  wild  fig  cleaves  Messala's  marble." 

Pliny  mentions  this  property  of  the  fig ;  Juvenal  also  alludes  to  it : 

"  Lo,  the  wild  fig-tree  issues  from  its  core  ! 
The  stones  grow  loose !  the  sepulchre's  no  more." 

Juvenal,  Sat.  X.,  Badham's  Translation. 

Ben  Jonson  speaks  of, 

"  The  fig-tree  wild,  that  grows  on  tombs." 

Masque  of  Queens. 

This  device  is  said  to  have  been  assumed  by  Campo  Basso,  in 
consequence  of  the  affront  he  received  from  Duke  Charles,  who,  in  a 
council  of  war,  being  enraged  at  Campo  Basso,  gave  him  a  box  on  the 
ear,  an  insult  which  Campo  Basso  never  forgave.  As  Pere  Mathieu 
observes,  "  Le  soufflet  que  Campo  Basso  avait  recu,  soufflait,  dans  son 
co3ur  le  feu  de  la  vengeance."  This  device  implied  that  he  would  sap 
and  ruin  until  he  had  destroyed  the  House  of  Burgundy.  The 
device  was  more  appropriate  than  even  its  author  imagined,  for  the 
fig-tree  is  the  emblem  of  ingratitude  as  well  as  of  slow  revenge. 
Campo  Basso  had  his  revenge  by  his  desertion  at  Nancy,  but 
Bene  and  the  brave  Swiss  indignantly  rejected  his  offer  of  joining 
them,  saying,  "  they  would  have  no  treacherous  Italian  on  their  side, 
as  their  lathers  had  not  been  used  to  owe  victory  to  such  base 
means.1 

Capoa,  Matteo  di,  Prince  of  Conca,  and  High  Admiral  of  Naples, 
a  patron  of  learning  and  merit.  He  took  for  his  device  the  Bird  of 
Paradise  (Fig.  43),  with  the  motto,  Negligit  ima,  "  She  scorns  low 
things." 2 

The  Bird  of  Paradise,  a  native  of  the  Moluccas,  according  to  the 
belief  in  the  middle  ages,  feeds  upon  the  dew  from  heaven  ;  builds  no 

1  '  Histoire  des  Comtes  de  Flandre.'     Haye,  1698. 

2  Many  other  mottoes  are  given  to  the  Nostra  conversatio  in  codis  est,  "  Our 

Bird  of  Paradise  :  conversation  is  in  Leaven." 

Elevor  dum  segregor,  ■■  I  am  exalted,  Sdegna  la  terra,  "  It  disdains  earth." 

not  removed."  Semper  sublimis,  "  Always  on  high." 

Nil  mihi  terra, "  Earth  is  nought  to  me."  Superata  tellus  sidera  donat,  "  Earth 

Non  sum  terra  tuus,  "I  am  not  your  o'ercome giants  the  stars  (gives heaven)." 

earth."  Terram  indignata  fugit,  "  Spurning  it, 

Non  qux  super  terram,  "  Not  what  is  it  flies  the  earth." 

above  the  earth."  See  also  Savoy,  Victor  Amadecs. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  63 

nest,  but  hatches  its  egg  in  a  cavity  in  its  back  formed  for  that  pur- 
pose.1 It  has  no  feet,  and  therefore  never  rests  on  earth ;  but  when 
it  reposes,  attaches  itself  to  the  branches  of  trees,  by  means  of  two 


Fig.  43. — Matteo  di  Capoa. 

sinews  like  the  strings  of  a  lute,  with  which  it  is  furnished  instead  of 
feet: 

"  But  thou  art  still  that  Bird  of  Paradise, 
Which  hath  no  feet,  and  ever  nobly  flies." 

J.  Berkenhead  fo  Fletcher. 

Capoa,  Andrea  di,  Duke  of  Termole  (Naples).  Made  Captain- 
General  by  Julius  II.,  he  died,  not  without  suspicion  of  having 
been  poisoned  by  some  one  envious  of  his  military  reputation. 
His  device  was  a  sheaf  of  javelins.  Motto,  Fortibus  non  deerunt, 
"  They  shall  not  be  wanting  to  brave  men,"  implying  that  he 
would  not  be  wanting  in  missiles  to  keep  off  the  approach  of  the 
enemy. 

Caracciolo  of  Naples.  The  ancient  device  of  this  house  is  an 
elephant. 

Caracciolo,  Prince  of  Torella.     See  Castriota,  Irene. 


1  Hence  the  device  for  a  pious  parent       carry  mine,"— that  is,  "  I  lift  my  young 
of  a  Bird   of  Paradise   flying   with   its       to  the  stars." 
young.     Motto,  Meos  ad  sidera  tollo,  "  I 


64  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Caracciolo,  Col.  Antonio,  Marquis  of  Vico.  A  diamond 
(diamante  in  punta)  in  the  midst  of  a  fire,  and  under  the  blows  of 
two  hammers.1     Motto,  Semper  adamas,  "  Always  adamant." 

"  Hard  hearted  adamant." 

Midsummer-Night's  Dream,  Act  ii.,  sc.  2. 

The  diamond,  resisting  both  fire  and  iron,  was  an  image  of  his 
strength  of  purpose,2  both  in  love  and  war.  This  device  he  wore 
during  his  campaigns  in  the  service  of  Charles  Y.  and  Ferdinand  the 
Catholic. 

"  The  triall  of  these  Diamants  is  upon  a  smith's  Anvill ;  for  strike 
as  hard  as  you  will  with  an  hammer  upon  the  point  of  a  Diamant,  you 
shall  see  how  it  scorneth  all  blowes,  and  rather  then  it  will  seem  to 
relent,  first  flieth  the  hammer  that  smiteth  in  peeces,  and  the  very 
anvil  itself  underneath  cleave th  in  twaine.  "Wonderful  inemarrable  is 
the  hardness  of  a  Diamant :  besides,  it  has  a  Nature  to  conquer  the 
furie  of  fire— nay,  you  shall  never  make  it  bote,  doe  what  you  can :  for 
this  untamable  vertue  that  it  hath,  the  Greeks  have  given  it  the  name 
Adamas."  3    See  Caula. 

Caracciolo,  Giovanni.     See  Melfi. 

Carafa.  This  illustrious  Neapolitan  family  is  descended  from  the 
Sismondis  of  Pisa  ;  both  bear  the  same  arms — gules,  three  bars  argent, 
which  were  first  taken,  with  the  name,  by  a  gentleman  of  Pisa  who 
saved  the  life  of  the  Emperor  Henry  VI.,  by  throwing  himself  between 
him  and  a  man  who  was  about  to  wound  him.  He  received  the  wound 
intended  for  his  sovereign,  and  his  blood  flowing  over  his  shield,  Henry 
wiped  it  with  his  hand,  which  left  three  white  bars  upon  the  red, 
saying  at  the  same  time,  Cava  fe  m  '  e  la  vostra, "  Dear  to  me  is  your 
fidelity."  Such  is  the  traditional  origin  of  the  arms  and  war-cry  of 
the  Sismondi  and  Carafa  families,  the  last  taking  for  their  name  the 
two  first  words  of  their  motto,  Carafe.4 

When  the  Carafa  family  divided  into  two  branches,  the  one 
placed  a  green  thorn  (Spina)  on  the  side  of  the  family  shield ;  the 

1  Also  used  by  Mathias  Hunniades,  4  The  same  origin  is  assigned  to  the 
■with  the  motto,  Durat  et  lucet,  "  It  en-  Austrian  arms  and  to  many  others ;  but 
drires  and  shines."  as  Menestrier  quaintly  observes,  "Quelle 

2  "Hearts  as  an  adamant  stone." —  caresse  pour  un  homme  blesse  a  mort  de 
Zecbariah  vii.  12.  tremper  sa  main  dans  son  sang  pour  lui 

3  Pliny,  book  xxxvii.,  4.  faire  des  armoiries  !" 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


65 


other  a  steelyard  (statera)  (Fig.  44),  with  the  motto,  Hoc  fac  et 
vives,  "Do  this  and  live,"1 — the  two  branches  styling  themselves 
Carafa  di  Spina  and  Carafa  di  Statera.2 


Fig.  44. — Carafa  Family. 

Carafa,  Peter  Louis,  Bishop  of.  The  steelyards  of  the  family.'5 
Motto,  Omnibus  eadem,  "  The  same  to  all," — implying  the  impartial 
administration  of  justice.  Two  buckets  in  a  well,4  Alternant 
pond  era.  eundo,  "  The  weights  alternate  as  they  go."  A  pair  of 
scales,5  Consistam  in  tequo,6  "  I  will  be  firm  in  that  which  is  just." 

"  In  adverse  hours  au  equal  mind  maintain, 
Nor  let  your  spirit  rise  too  high, 
Though  fortune  kindly  change  the  scene." 

Horace.     Francis'  Translation. 

"  Non  avvien  quasi  per  commun  difetto 
Di  noi,  e  de  l'iustabil  nostra  mente  ; 
Che  sostener  Tuna  fortuna,  e  l'altra 
Mai  non  sappiam  con  la  bilancia  pari." 

Giorgio  Boccanano  Scozzese,  (G.  Buchanan),  Jefta  Traaedia. 


1  "  That  which  is  altogether  just  shalt 
thou  follow,  that  thou  mayest  live." — 
Deut.  xvi.  20. 

2  'Histoire  des  Comtes  de  Flaudre.' 
Haye,  1698. 

8  Petra  Sancta,  Silvester,  A.,  '  De 
Symbola  Heroicis,'  4to.  Amsterdam, 
1681,  passim. 

4  The  same  device  was  given  by  the 
Romans,  with  the  motto,  Va  et  Vienne, 
to  Francis,  Cardinal  Joyeuse,  who  was 
continually  going  from  Paris  to  Borne  on 


long  weary  journeys  in  the  service  of  his 
kiug,  and  for  the  good  of  the  Church."— 
Renouard,  Devises  royales,  1626.  Bib. 
Imp.  3ISS 

5  The  balance  is  a  favourite  Scripture 
metaphor :  "  Let  ine  be  weighed  in  an 
even  balance." — Job  xxxi.  6.  "  A  just 
weight  and  balance  are  the  Lord's." — 
Proverbs  xvi.  11. 

6  Borne  also  by  Louis  of  Tarento,  with 
the  motto,  Mqua  durant  semper,  "  Just 
things  endure  always." 

F 


66  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Carapa,  Tommaso,  Conte  di  Mataleone,  General  of  Ferdinand, 
bore  the  family  device  and  motto,  which  was  ridiculed  by  the  French 
commander,  who,  when  he  had  forced  the  Aragonese  camp,  and  gained 
the  standard  of  the  general,  observed,  "  Par  ma  foy,  mon  ennemi 
n'ha  pas  fait  ce  qu'il  ha  escrit  alentour  de  son  Peson,  pourcequ'il  n'ha 
pas  bien  pese  ses  forces  avec  les  mienues." 

The  obscure  motto,  Fine  in  tanto,  is  on  one  of  the  Carafa  tombs, 
in  the  church  of  San  Domenic  Maggiore  at  Naples.1 

Carafa,  Fabrizio.     See  Mandruccio,  Cardinal. 

Carafa,  Don  Ferdinand,  Count  of  Soriano,  son  of  Don  Alfonso  Ca- 
rafa, Duke  of  Nocera.  He  was  in  the  service  of  the  Emperor  Charles  V., 
and  fell  at  Pavia  by  the  hand  of  Francis  I.  His  device  was  the  wild 
goat,  which,  when  pierced  by  the  arrow-shaped  leaves  of  the  palm-tree, 
seeks,  to  heal  its  wounds,  for  the  herb  dittany,  which  grows  under  the 
shade  of  the  same  tree.  Motto,  Hine  vulnus,  salus,  et  umbra,  "  Hence 
the  wound,  healing,  and  shade," — an  impresa  d!  amove.  The  palm, 
symbol  of  victory  (Vittoria),  alluding,  perhaps,  to  the  name  of  the 
lady  of  his  affections. 

Of  the  herb  dittany,  Pliny  says  :  "  The  Harts  first  showed  us  the 
vertue  of  the  hearbe  Dictamnus,  or  Dittanie,  to  draw  out  arrowes  forth 
of  the  bodie.  Perceiving  themselves  shot  with  a  shaft,  they  have 
recourse  presently  to  that  hearbe,  and  with  eating  thereof  it  is  driven 
out  again."2 

And  so  Virgil — 

"  A  branch  of  healing  dittany  she  (Venus)  brought ; 
Which  in  the  Cretan  fields  with  care  she  sought ; 
Rough  is  the  stem,  which  woolly  leaves  surround, 
The  leaves  with  flow'rs,  the  flow'rs  with  purple  crown'd.'' 

Dryden's  Translation,  book  xii. 

Carafa,  Ferdinand,  Marquis  of  Santo  Lucito.  The  lotus  flower 
in  a  river  with  the  sun  shining  upon  it.  Motto,  Sic  diva  lux  mihi, 
"  Such  is  the  divine  light  to  me." 

The  Marquis  of  Santo  Lucito  was  brought  up  in  the  court  of 
Charles  V.,  and  as  the  lotus,  according  to  Pliny  and  Theophrastus, 
rises  with  the  sun,  and  when  that  luminary  attains  the  meridian, 
the  lotus,  which  has  been  gradually  rising  in  its  stem,  is  quite 
upright,  and  again  gradually  droops  as  the  sun  sets,  so  in  like  manner 

1  Valery,  '  Voyages  en  Italic'  2  Book  viii.,  ch.  27. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  67 

Carafa  followed  in  the  path  of  his  master  under  whose  favour  he 
lived. 

Pliny  says  :  "  It  is  said,  moreover,  as  touching  the  Egyptian 
lotus,  that  in  Euphrates  the  very  head  of  the  stalke  together  with 
the  flower,  used  in  the  evening  to  he  plunged  and  drowned  under 
the  water  until  midnight  and  so  deep  to  settle  toward  the  bottom, 
that  a  man  with  his  hand  cannot  reach  thereto,  nor  find  any  part  of 
it ;  hut  after  that  time,  it  heginneth  to  rise  by  little  and  little,  and  by 
the  sun-rising  appeareth  above  the  water,  and  openeth  the  flower,  and 
still  mounteth  higher  and  higher  a  good  height  from  the  water."  1 

Ferdinand  Carafa  composed  the  following  sonnet  on  the  lotus : 

"  Naseendo  il  Sol  dal  mar,  s'  erge  su  1'  onde 

D'Eufrate  un'  erba,  die  quel  mira  ogn'  hora, 

E  quando  e  al  mezzo  Ciel,  tutta  s'  infiora 

Dal  raggio,  ond'  han  vigor  fior,  frutti,  c  fronde. 
Poi  eke  nel'  Oceano  il  carro  ascoude, 

Tosto  quel  bel,  ch'  ella  mostrava  fuora, 

Nel  seno  vunido  attuffa,  e  discolora 

I  fiori,  e  le  sue  l'oglie  alte,  e  feconde. 
Cosi  al  vostro  apparir,  mio  vivo  Sole, 

Fiorisce  quest'  ingegno  ;  e  1'  alma  gode 

Sovra  il  gran  mar  de  la  sua  certa  speme ; 
A  lo  sparir,  nel  pianto,  e  ne  le  pene 

Proprie  s'  immerge,  e  '1  cor  s'  inbruna,  e  rode 

Nel  fosco,  cbe  altro  ben  1'  alma  non  vuole." 

This  property  of  the  lotus  flower  is  noted  by  Dante : 

"  QuaP  i  fioretti  dal  notturno  gielo 
Chinati  e  chiusi,  poi  che  '1  sol  gl'  imbianca, 
Si  drizzan  tutti  aperti  in  loro  stelo." 

Inferno. 

"  Like  flow'rs,  which  shrinking  from  the  chilly  night, 
Droop  and  shut  up;  but  with  fair  morning's  tomb 
Rise  on  their  stems,  all  open  and  upright." 

Gary's  Translation. 

And  also  by  Moore : 

"  Those  virgin  lilies  all  the  night 

Bathing  their  beauties  in  the  lake, 
That  they  may  rise  more  fresh  and  bright 
When  their  beloved  sun's  awake." 

Lalla  Boohh. 


1  Book  xiii.,  ch.  18. 

F   2 


68  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Other  mottoes  for  the  lotus,  Bum  respicis  erigor  (Luca  Lucarini), 
"  While  you  look  back  I  am  raised  up."  Per  te  mergo  et  immergor, 
"  By  thee  I  sink  and  am  sunk." 

See  also  Mandruccio,  Cardinal. 

Caro,  Annibal  (-{-1566).  The  wheel  of  an  arquebuse,  the  key 
broken  and  lying  by  the  side  (Fig.  45),  motto,  Vim  Vi,1  "  Force  by 
force,"  meaning  that  every  one  has  the  right  to  repel  violence  by 
violence.     He  also  took  the  bee,  which,  when  far  from  its  hive  and 


Fig.  45.— Annibal  Caro. 

assailed  by  the  wind,  not  to  be  buffeted  by  its  violence,  steadies  itself 
with  a  pebble,  which  it  carries  in  its  claws.  Motto,  IIONO  ITONON 
f!>EPH,  "I  bear  toil  by  toil,"  meaning,  as  Annibal  Caro  himself 
explains  it,  that  by  labour  itself  one  learns  to  bear  patiently  and 
overcome  labour  and  trouble.  This  instinct  of  the  bee  is  mentioned 
by  Pliny: — "Bees,". he  says,  "that  are  emploied  in  carrying  of 
home,  chuse  alwaise  to  have  the  wind  with  them,  if  they  can.  If 
haply  there  do  arise  a  tempest  or  a  storm  whiles  they  bee  abroad, 
they  catch  up  some  little  stonie  greet  to  ballaise  and  poise  themselves 
against  the  wind.  Some  say,  that  they  take  it,  and  lay  it  upon  their 
shoulders.  And  withall,  they  flie  low  by  the  ground  under  the  wind 
when  it  is  against  them,  and  keepe  along  the  bushes,  to  break  the 
force  thereof."  2 

Virgil  also  employs  the  simile : 

'•  And  oft  with  pebbles,  like  a  balanced  bout, 
Poised,  through  the  air  on  even  pinions  float." 

Georgics,  iv.     Dkyden's  Translation. 

Castiglione,  Baldassar,  Count  of  Milan  (-(-  1529).    This  accom- 
plished nobleman  and  elegant  scholar  was  held  in  high  estimation  by 

1  "  Vim  vi  repellere  omnia  jura  clamant." — Jus.  Ant. 
"  Book  xi.,  oh.   10. 


AND  WAR-CKIES.  69 

Pope  Leo  X.     He  wrote  a  book  on  the  rules  of  civility  and  good 
breeding,  styled  '  Libro  del  Cortigiano.' 
As  Ariosto  says : 

"  C  e  chi,  qual  lui 
Vediamo,  ha  tali  i  Cortigian  fonnati." 

Orlando  Furioso,  Cant,  xxxvii.  st.  8. 

"  And  he  whose  pen  prescribes  the  courtier's  laws. 
And  is  himself  th'  accomplish'd  prince  he  draws." 

Hoole's  Translation. 

Attracted  by  the  refinements  of  the  court  of  Guidobaldo,  the  "ele- 
gante Castiglione"1  entered  his  service  and  came  to  England,  in  1506, 
to  be  installed  as  a  Knight  of  the  Garter  as  proxy  for  the  Duke  of 
Urbino.  A  MS.,  in  which  the  Castiglione  arms  are  surrounded  by  a 
collar  of  SS,  ending  with  two  portcullis  and  a  united  rose,  would  lead 
to  the  inference  that  King  Henry  VII.  had  decorated  Castiglione 
with  such  a  badge.  He  was  intimate  with  Eaffaelle  and  all  the 
eminent  artists  of  the  day,  and  no  person  was  more  resorted  to  on 
account  of  his  judgment  in  architecture,  painting,  and  sculpture. 

On  the  obverse  of  a  medal  struck  in  his  honour  is  represented  the 
ocean,  as  emblematic  of  the  vastness  of  his  knowledge.  Eaffaelle 
painted  him,  Giulio  Romano  designed  his  tomb,  and  Bembo  composed 
the  inscription. 

Castriota,  Irene,  Princess  of  Bisignano.  An  eagle  with  its  eyes 
fixed  on  the  sun.2  Motto,  Che  mi  pub  far  di  vera  gloria  lieta, 
"  That  which  can  make  me  joyful  with  true  glory."  After  the  lines 
of  Petrarch : 

"  Tien  pur  gli  occhi  qual'  Aquila  in  quel  sole, 
Che  ti  pu6  far  d'  eterna  gloria  degno." 

Showing  that  she  kept  her  thoughts  fixed  upon  heaven,  who  illumines 
the  darkness  of  the  soul  and  heart. 

Castrucani,  Castruccio  (+  1328).  The  celebrated  Ghibeline 
chief  of  Pisa,  Lucca,  and  much  of  the  Eastern  riviera  of  Genoa. 
Master  of  300  walled  towns,  Italy  had  not  beheld  such  a  captain  for 
centuries ;  he  was  either  courted  or  dreaded  by  every  Italian  prince, 
from  the  emperor  downwards.3 

1  Ariosto.  of  Torella,  with  Hoc  vivo ;  nee  ultra  vota 

2  The  same  device  was  used  with  the  volant,  "In  this  I  live,  nor  do  my  wishes 
motto,  E  di  do  vivo  e  d'  altro  mi  cal  poco,  fly  beyond."  "  In  Him  we  live  and  move 
"  And  in  this  I  live,  and  care  little  for  and  have  our  being." 

aught  besides;"  and  by  Caracciulo,  Prince  3  Napier's  '  History  of  Florence.' 


70 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


On  the  coronation  of  Louis  of  Bavaria,  when  Castruccio  had 
conferred  upon  him  the  dignity  of  a  Roman  senator,  lie  appeared  with 
a  crimson  mantle.  Embroidered  upon  his  breast  was  the  motto,  JEgli  e 
come  Dio  vuole,  "  He  is  as  God  wills,"  and  behind,  Sard  quel  che 
Dio  vorrd,  "  Will  be  what  God  wills." 

Caula,  Camillo,  a  Captain  of  Modena.  The  elephant  looking  at 
the  moon  in  adoration  (Fig.  46).  Motto,  Pietas  Deo  nos  conciliat, 
"  Piety  re- unites  us  to  God." 


Fig.  46. — Carnillo  Cuula. 


The  same  device  was  adopted  by  Giustiniani  Salimbene,  with  the 
motto,  Sic  ardua  peio,  "  So  seek  I  arduous  things."  Also,  by 
Caracciolo,  Marquis  of  Vico,  with  the  motto,  Numen  regemque 
salutant,  "  They  salute  God  and  the  king." 

The  reverence  of  the  elephant  for  the  moon  is  celebrated 
by  ancient  writers.  iElian  states  that  at  the  increase  of  the 
moon  they  gather  branches  of  trees  in  the  woods,  and  turning 
their  eyes  up  towards  that  luminary,  raise  their  branches  in 
adoration.1 

Pliny,  speaking   of  the  elephant,  says  that  they  "  withall  have  in 

1  "  Dimrai  qnal  feia  e  si  cli  mente  tmiana, 
Che  s'mginocchia  al  raggio  de  la  lima, 
E  per  pnrgarsi  sccnde  a  la  fontana." 

Sannazabo. 


AND  WAE-CEIES. 


71 


religious  reverence  (with  a  kind  of  devotion)  not  only  the  starres  and 
planets,  but  the  sunne  and  moone  they  also  worship.  And  in  very 
truth,  writers  there  be  who  report  thus  much  of  them — that  when 
the  new  moon  beginneth  to  appeare  fresh  and  bright,  they  come 
down  by  whole  beards  to  a  certaine  river  named  Amelus,  in  the 
deserts  and  forest  of  Mauritania,  where,  after  that  they  are  washed 
and  solemnly  purified  by  sprinkling  and  dashing  themselves  all  over 
with  the  water,  and  have  saluted  and  adored  after  their  manner  that 
planet,  they  returne  againe  into  the  woods  and  chases,  carrying  before 
them  their  young  calves  that  be  wearied  and  tired." 1 

Cesarini,  (xabrielle,  of  Rome.     A  broken  column.    Frangor  non 
fledar,  "  I  am  broken,  but  will  not  be  bent."     See  also  Accolti. 

Chabot,  Philippe  de,  Admiral  of  France  (-j-  1543).  The 
rival  of  the  Constable  Montmorency.  After 
the  unjust  proceedings  against  him,  the 
admiral  took  for  device,  a  ball  in  the  air, 
with  the  motto,  Concussus  surgo,  "  Struck, 
I  rise"  (Fig.  47),  to  show  that  notwith- 
standing the  attacks  of  his  enemies,  his 
innocence  was  proved,  and  he  was  restored 
to  the  favour  of  his  sovereign ;  the  more 
he  was  buffeted  by  fortune,  the  higher  he 
would  rise. 

When  permitted  to  reappear  at  court, 
Francis  I.  asked  him  if  he  still  persisted  in 
maintaining  his  innocence.  Chabot  replied, 
"  Sire,  j'ai  trop  appris  que  nul  n'est  innocent 
devant  son  Dieu  et  devant  son  roi,  mais  j'ai 

du  moins  cette  consolation  que  toute  la  malice  de  mes  enemies  n'a 
pu  me  trouver  coupable  d'aucune  infidelite  envers  votre  majeste'.'' 
Chabot  was  one  of  the  deputies  sent  to  negotiate  the  liberation  of 
Francis  I. 

Carlo  Orsini    bore  the  same  device,  with  the  motto,  Pereussus 
elevor,  "  Struck,  I  am  raised." 

Chabot  also  used  the  dolphin  and  anchor  of  the  Emperor  Titus 
(see  Titus).  Three  millers'  thumbs  (Chabots),  argent  and  azure, 
are  the  arms  of  this  family. 


Fig.  47.— Admiral  Chabot. 


Book  viii..  oh.  1. 


72  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Cleves,  House  of.  Badge,  a  white  swaD,  from  the  well  known 
pretty  legend  of  the  knight  who  miraculously  arrived  by  the  Rhine 
in  a  little  boat  drawn  by  a  swan,  and  married  the  heiress  of  Cleves. 
Motto,  Plus  qu  onque  mes. 

Cleves,  Anne  of,  daughter  of  Philip  the  Good  of  Burgundy,  and 
second  wife  of  Adolphus,  Duke  of  Cleves.     Motto,  Ryens  mieux. 

Cosue,  Jacques  (-f-  1461),  the  celebrated  argentier  of  Charles  VII. 
He  made  by  his  commerce  a  colossal  fortune,  and  established  factories 
in  every  part  of  the  world.  The  seas  were  covered  with  his  ships, 
and  his  well-filled  coffers  enabled  him  to  assist  King  Charles  VII., 
of  whom  he  became  the  argentier,  an  office,  strictly  speaking,  con- 
fined to  the  household,  but  as  held  by  Jacques  Cceur,  it  extended 
.to  the  financial  administration  of  the  kingdom.  He  succeeded  in 
restoring  order  to  the  finances,  and  placed  all  his  personal  fortune 
at  the  disposal  of  the  king;  but  the  favour  he  enjoyed,  and  the 
pecuniary  services  he  Lad  rendered  to  several  powerful  persons, 
made  them  his  enemies,  and  they  ruined  him  in  the  good  opinion 
of  Charles.  To  free  themselves  of  their  debts,  they  succeeded  in 
getting  him  condemned,  and  his  wealth  confiscated ;  but  Jacques 
escaped  from  the  execution  of  his  sentence,  and  Calixtus  III.  placed 
him  at  the  head  of  the  Papal  expedition  against  the  Mahometans.1 
His  magnificent  residence  at  Bourges  is  now  the  Hotel  de 
Ville.  In  various  parts  of  the  edifice,  is  sculptured  his  favourite 
motto : 


"Availlans       \        /  \         /        riens  impossible."  2 


In  the  Hotel  de  Ville  was  also  a  painted  glass  window  with  the 
arms  of  Jacques  Coeur.  Azure,  on  a  fess  or,  three  cockle  shells  sable, 
between  three  hearts,  gules.  Bound  the  escutcheon,  oranges  in 
flower  and  fruit,  encircled  by  a  border  of  hearts  and  feathers  of 
various  colours.  Above,  two  figures,  one  with  the  ears  of  a  donkey, 
the  other  with  his  mouth  closed  by  a  padlock,  and  on  a  scroll,  En 
bouche  close  nentre  mousche,  equivalent  to  the  Italian  proverb,  In 

1  '  La  Loire   Historique    Pittoresque.'  •  Rendered  also — 

et    '  Topographegm,'  par  6.  Touehard- 
Lafosse.     Tours,  1851.     Costello's  '  Life  "Acoeur vaillantet moi.tot 

'  .  Rien  difficile  no  pesant. 

ol  Jacques  Cceur.    liorel,  1.  'Autiqmtez 

Oiauloiscs,'  Paris,  1555.  He  had  his  cups  made  in  a  form  allusive 


AND  WAE-CEIES.  73 

bocca   chmsa  non  entran  mosche,    "In  a  closed  mouth  flies   can't 
enter/' * — Prudent  silence  avoids  many  inconveniences. 

In  his  Chateau  of  Boisy  (Loire  et  Saone-et-Loire)  is  no  longer 
to  be  seen  the  arrogant  inscription  said  to  have  been  placed  over  its 
gate,  "  Jacques  Coeur  fait  ce  qu'il  vent,  et  le  Boi  ce  qu'il  peut." 

Coictiers,  Jacques.  Physician  to  Louis  XL,  who  had  ordered 
Tristan  l'Herniite  to  get  rid  of  him.  When  the  Prevot  went  to  his 
house  in  the  Rue  St.  Andre  des  Arts  to  tell  him  the  commands  of  the 
king,  Coictiers  received  the  order  with  the  greatest  submission,  telling 
him  that  his  greatest  regret  was  that  he  knew  the  king  would  not 
survive  him  four  days.  Tristan  fell  into  the  snare,  and  Louis  pardoned 
his  physician  on  condition  he  never  saw  him  again.  He  therefore 
retired  from  court,  and  placed  over  his  house  the  apricot  (abricotier), 
with  the  motto,  A  TAbri-cotier,  meaning  to  convey  that  he  had 
placed  himself,  by  his  subterfuge,  at  shelter  from  (he  calamities  which 
threatened  him.2 

Colbert,  Jean  Baptiste  (-j-1683.)  The  great  minister  of  Louis 
XIV.  took  for  device  the  dragon  guarding  the  gardens  of  the  Hesperides. 
Motto,  Servat  et  abstinet,  "  He  guards  and  abstains."     See  Fouquet. 

Colonna  of  Kome.  The  ensign  of  the  Colonna  family  is  a 
silver  column,  with  base  and  capital  of  gold,  surmounted  by  a  golden 
crown,  the  grant  of  the  Emperor  Louis  of  Bavaria,  in  acknowledgment 
of  the  service  rendered  to  him  by  Stefano  Colonna,  who,  when  chief 
senator  of  Borne,  crowned  Louis  in  the  Capitol,  contrary  to  the  wishes 
of  the  Pope. 

When  Pope  Alexander  VI.  banished  from  Rome  Cardinal  Giovanni 
and  the  other  Colonnese  lords,  the  twelve  jigli  d'iniquiia  ("  sons  of 
iniquity"),  they  took  refuge  in  Naples  and  Sicily,  and  assumed  as 
device  a  tuft  of  reeds  shaken  by  the  winds  (Fig.  48),  with  the  motto, 


to  his  name.      In  the   '  Compte  de  la  ferment.     As  another  proverb  runs,  "  A 

vente  des  biens  de  Jacques  Cceur,'  1453,  goupil    endormi    rien    ne   tombe  en   la 

we  find,  "  sis  tasses  d'argent,  faictes  a  gueule."     But  as  the  other  figure  in  the 

Cceurs,  pesant  xiiij.  marcs."  window  of  (he  Hotel  de  Ville,  at  Bourges, 

1  Mr.  H.  Bohn,  in  his  '  Handbook  of  has    a    scroll,  with    the  word,   "  Taire," 

Proverbs,'  gives  a  different  rendering  of  issuing  from  its  mouth,  it  is  evident  that 

the  proverb.     "  A  elpse  mouth  catcheth  Jacques  Cceur  meant  to  imply  the  pru- 

no  flies  "  means,  he  says,  that  people  must  dence  of  silence. 

speak  for  themselves,  must  urge  their  own  2  '  Les  Curiositez  de  Paris/  par  M.  L.  R. 

cause,  or  they  are  not  likely  to  obtain  pre-  Paris,  1716. 


74 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


Flectimur  non  frangimur  undis,1  "  We  are  bent,  not  broken,  by  the 
waves ;"  implying  that  they  bent  their  heads  to  the  storm,  hoping  to 
raise  them,  and  to  be  restored  to  their  honours  and  position  when  it 
had  passed  over.  This  device  was  invented  by  Sanazzaro,  the  court 
poet  and  favourite  of  Frederic  of  Naples.      This  king  received  the 


Fig.  48. — Colonna  Family. 

refugees,  and  took  them  into  his  pay.  Thus,  after  devastating  their 
native  country  by  their  private  wars,  the  Colonna  family  found  them- 
selves reduced  to  live  by  the  sword,  and,  as  common  condottieri  or 
hired  mercenaries,  to  serve  any  party  who  would  employ  them. 

Always  in  rivalry,  and  often  in  open  arms  with  the  Orsini,  Pope 
Julius  II.  succeeded  in  effecting  a  peace  between  the  two  families,  on 
which  occasion  a  medal  was  struck,  representing  a  bear  embracing 
a  column,  with  the  motto,  Tatriee  Saluti,  "  To  the  country's  safety." 

The  sun,  with  the  motto,  Si  tardior  splendidior,  "  The  slower  the 
more  brilliant,"  was  taken  for  impresa  by  Prospero  Colonna  (-(-1463), 
who  was  elevated  to  the  dignify  of  Cardinal  by  his  uncle,  Martin  Y. 
(Oddo  Colonna),  the  Pope,  by  whose  election  an  end  was  put  to  the 


x  "Mieux  vant  picker  que  rompre ;" 
'*  Qui  ne  voudra  rompre  qu'il  ploye." 
The  motto  of  Lord  Palmerston  was  Flecti, 
non  frangi,  "  To  be  bent,  not  broken ;" 
that  of  the  Duke  of  Sutherland  and  Lord 
Granville  conveys  the  opposite  sentiment 
— Frangas  non  flectes,  "  You  may  break, 
you  shall  not  bend  mc."     Melius  frangi 


quam  flecti,  "Better  be  broken  than  bent." 
(Latin  proverb). 

On  a  monument  in  Bingsfield  Church, 
Suffolk,  to  the  memory  of  Nicholas 
Gurneys,  of  Redisham  Hall,  died  1599, 
is  the  crest  of  a  mermaid,  with  the  motto, 
Flectar  non  frangur.' — Sickling,  History 
of  Suffolk. 


AND  WAK-CRIES.  75 

great  schism  of  the  West,  and  the  Popes  finally  re-established  in  the 
Vatican.1 

Colonna,  Prospero  (-j-1523),  Lord  of  Paliano,  was  one  of  the  most 
renowned  captains  of  Italy.  His  hereditary  hatred  of  the  Orsini 
induced  him  to  join  the  French  party,  because  Virginio  Orsini  had 
attached  himself  to  the  Aragonese.  By  his  help  Charles  VIII.  entered 
Rome,  but  Prospero  afterwards  became  reunited  to  King  Frederic, 
who  made  him  Grand  Constable  of  Naples,  and  charged  him  with 
the  care  of  taking  Caesar  Borgia  to  Spain.  Prospero  had  the  gene- 
rosity not  to  look  even  upon  his  prisoner,  that  he  might  not  be 
supposed  to  exult  in  his  fall.  Confident  in  the  constancy  of  the  lady 
of  his  affections,  Prospero  took  for  his  companion  a  gentleman  of  low 
degree,  to  whom  she  unfortunately  transferred  the  love  he  thought 
was  his  own.  Feeling  that  he  had  been  the  author  of  his  own  ruin, 
Prospero  took  for  device  the  bull  of  Perillus,  which  had  proved  tbe 
death  of  its  inventor,  with  the  motto,  Ingenio  experior  funera  digna 
meo,  "  I  suffer  a  death  befitting  my  invention." 

"  Nee  lex  est  justior  ulla 
Quam  necis  artifices  arte  perire  sua." 

"  By  their  own  arts,  'tis  righteously  decreed, 
The  dire  artificers  of  death  shall  bleed." 

Prospero  subsequently  commanded  the  imjDerial  troops  in  the  war 
of  the  Milanese,  and  at  the  age  of  eighty  defended  Milan  against 
Lautrec  and  Bonnivet,  his  extreme  caution  being  successfully  opposed 
to  the  impetuosity  of  the  French. 

Colonna,  Fabrizio  (-j-1520).  "  La  Gran  Colonna  del  nome  Boruano  " 
of  Ariosto,  cousin  of  Prospero.  Like  him,  he  first  served  the  French, 
but  afterwards  joined  their  opponents,  and  fought  under  the  great 
Gonsalvo.  He  was  made  prisoner  at  the  battle  of  Bavenna  by  Alfonso 
of  Este,  who  released  him  without  a  ransom.  Ferdinand  the  Catholic 
elevated  him  to  the  dignity  of  Grand  Constable  of  Naples.  Braith- 
wart,  in  his  "  Eules  for  the  House  of  our  Earle"  (temp.  James  I.), 
alludes  to  "  The  Viceroy  of  Naples,  Fabricio  Colonna,  at  that  time 
accounted  a  Father  of  Soldiers." 

When  bribed  to  desert  the  French  side,  and  to  join  the  Italian 

1  When  he  arrived  at  Florence  for  the  purpose  of  presiding  in  the  council,  the 
children  of  Florence  used  to  sing — 

"  Papa  Martino, 
Non  valu  un  quattrino." 
"  I'opo  Martin  is  not  worth  a  farthing." 


76 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


League,  Fabrizio  placed  upon  his  surcoat,  as  his  device,  a  vase  filled 
with  gold,  accompanied  by  the  motto,  Samnitico  non  capitur  auro; 
"  Not  taken  by  Samnite  gold ;"  meaning  that  he  was  no  more  to  be 
corrupted  by  the  temptations  held  out  to  him,  than  his  namesake  by 
the  gold  of  the  Samnites. 

At  the  battle  of  Eavenna,  Fabrizio  bore  as  device  the  touchstone, 
motto,  Fides  hoe  uno,  virtusque  probantur,  "  By  this  alone  faith  and 
virtue  are  to  be  proved,"  showing  that  his  virtue  and  loyalty  would  be 
apparent  when  put  to  the  test. 

Colonna,  Miizio  (  -4-  circ.  1516),  his  nephew,  caused  to  be  em- 
broidered upon  his  banner  a  hand  thrust  upon  a  burning  altar, 
referring  to  Mutins  Scaevola.  Motto,  Fortia  facere  et  pati  Romanum 
est,  "  Brave  action  and  endurance  befit  a  Boruan," — a  device  worthy  of 
this  valiant  knight.1 

Colonna,  Marc  Antonio  (  -f-  1522),  nephew  of  Prospero,  the 
brave  defender  of  Bavenna  against  Gaston  de  Foix,  took  for  device  on 


Fis.  49. — Marc  Antonio  Colonna. 


that  occasion  two  branches  crossed,  the  one  of  laurel,  the  other  of 
cypress  (Fig.  49).  Motto,  Frit  altera  merces,  "  One  shall  be  the 
reward," — prepared  for  death  or  victory. 


1  He  fought  the  battle  of  Soriano 
against  the  Orsini.  in  which  Caesar 
Borgia  was  defeated ;  was  one  of  the 
twelve  in  (he  proscription  of  1501  ;  had 


a  company  of  lances  given  to  him  by 
Julius  II.,  and  afterwards  by  Leo.  X. ; 
was  at  the  battle  or  Marignano,  and  died 
;it  Fermo  of  a  wound. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


77 


When  in  the  service  of  Pope  Julius  II.,  Cardinal  Pavia,  who  was  of 
an  imperious  disposition,  was  sent  to  advise  and  direct  him.  The 
haughty  Colonna,  to  show  that  he  would  not  be  dictated  to,  but  that 
he  should  keep  aloof,  took  the  device  of  the  heron,  which,  in  tem- 
pestuous weather,  soars  above  the  clouds,  where  the  rain  cannot  fall 
upon  its  back  (Fig.  50).  Motto,  Natura  dictante  feror,  "  Nature 
impelling,  I  am  borne  along." 


Fig.  50. — Marc  Antonio  Colonna. 

The  same  device  was  placed  in  the  Palais  Royal  under  the  portrait 
of  the  Duke  de  Guise,  with  the  motto,  Altior  procellis,  "  Higher  than 
storms." 

This  instinct  of  the  heron  is  noticed  by  Virgil  in  the  '  Georgics' : 

"  And  the  lone  hern  his  wonted  moor  forsakes, 
And  o'er  the  clouds  his  flight  aerial  takes." 

Drtden's  Translation. 

And  Drayton  observes — 

"  The  her'n  by  soaring  shuns  tempestuous  showers." 

The  Owl. 

This  bird,  therefore,  is  a  fit  emblem  of  the  elevated  mind  which  rises 
superior  to  adversity,  and  looks  down  with  serenity  on  the  tumults 

1  For  nature,  read  natika. 


78  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

and  tempests  below,  secure  in  its  own  height,  and  in  the  favour  of 
heaven.1 

When  Verona  bravely  defended  itself  against  the  armies  of  France 
and  Venice,  Marc  Antonio,  to  show  his  unyielding  spirit,  took  for 
imprese  a  shirt  of  asbestos  in  the  midst  of  flames  ;  motto,  Semper  per- 
vicax,  "  Always  unyielding ;"  this  substance,  from  its  resistance  to 
fire,  being  considered  as  the  emblem  of  immovable  constancy,  and  of 
virtue  that  comes  out  purified  from  the  furnace. 

"  La  pierre  Amiantus  est  ainsi  nominee  de  ce  que  gettee  dans  le 
feu  elle  se  brule,  et  ne  perd  rien  de  son  lustre,  ains  si  elle  est  sale,  elle 
en  sort  nette  et  avec  beau  lustre."  z 

"  Un  sasso  e  si  tenace 
Del  foco,  che  qnal  hora  a  ltd  s'apprende 
D'eterna  fiannna  spende." 

Camillo  Camilli. 

"A  stone  there  is,  so  resisting  of  fire,  that  when  it  is  applied  to  it,  it  burns  with 
an  eternal  flame.'' 

"When  approaching  Milan,  defended  by  his  uncle  Prospero,  Marc 
Antonio  was  struck  dead  by  a  shot  from  a  culverin. 

Colonna,  Marc  Antonio  (-J-1584),  grandson  of  Fabrizio,  General 
of  the  Papal  troops  at  the  battle  of  Lepanto,  in  1571,  the  "  Colonna  " 
of  the  Spanish  Armada,  took  a  column  between  the  two  points  of  a 
crescent,  which  it  prevents  from  meeting.  Motto,  Ne  totum  implead 
orhem,  "  Lest  it  should  fill  the  whole  world,"  to  express  that  by  the 
victory  of  Lepanto  he  (the  column)  prevented  the  Turks  from  extend- 
ing their  conquests. 

On  his  return,  Colonna  was  received  in  triumph,  and  after  having 
passed  through  the  three  triumphal  arches  of  Constantine,  Titus,  and 
Severus,  which  were  decorated  with  inscriptions  in  his  honour,  after 
having  been  received  in  the  Capitol  to  the  sound  of  the  trumpet, 
and  having  passed  the  bridge  of  St.  Angelo,  in  the  midst  of  artillery 
from  the  castle  of  St.  Angelo,  he  entered  St.  Peter's,  where  the 
patriarch  of  Jerusalem  received  him  at  the  door,  the  Te  Beum  was 
sung,  and  Marc  Antonio  went  to  kis3  the  Pope's  foot.  Next  day 
he  proceeded  to  the  church  of  Ara  Caeli ;  mass  was  solemnised,  and 
the  victor  presented  with  an  offering  of  1200  crowns  and  a  column  of 

1  Other  mottoes  for  one  superior  to  adverse  fortune : — Nunc  pluat,  "  Now  let  it 
rain."  In  sublime  feror,  "I  am  borne  on  high."     Tutus  in  altis,  "Safe  in  the  heights." 

2  Matthiole,  '  Commentaire  sur  Diosconde.'     Lyon,  1572. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


79 


silver,  decorated  with  beaks  of  ships.     Such  was  the  reception  Kome 
gave  to  her  victorious  general. 

Colonna,  Stefano,  Lord  of  Palestrina  (  +  1548),  one  of  the  con- 
dottieri  generals  of  his  family.  He  served  with  his  kinsman,  Prospero,  in 
the  Imperial  army,  and,  after  joining  the  French,  ended  his  career  in  the 
pay  of  Cosmo,  Grand  Duke  of  Florence.  He  took  for  his  impresa  a 
mermaid  (Fig.  51),  the  ancient  device  of  his  family,  with  the  motto, 
Contemnit  tuta  proeellas,  "  Safe,  she  despises  storms." 


Fig.  51. — Stefano  Colo  una. 

Colonna,  Vespasiano  (+  1535),  son  of  the  Grand  Constable 
Prospero,  took  for  his  devices  thunderbolts,  with  the  words  from 
Horace,  Feriunt  summos,  "  They  strike  the  highest ;"  and  also  a 
porcupine,  with  the  motto,  JDecus  et  tutamen  in  armis,  "  Honour  and 
safety  in  arms." 

Colonna,  Vittoria  (-l.  1547),  daughter  of  the  Grand  Constable 
Fabrizio,  the  beautiful  and  accomplished  wife  of  the  Marquis  of  Pescara. 
Their  mutual  attachment  was  unsurpassed.  Betrothed  when  only  four 
years  of  age,  Vittoria  was  a  widow  at  thirty-three.  Inconsolable  for 
the  loss  of  her  husband,  she  retired  to  the  Island  of  Ischia,  where  she 
solaced  herself  with  poetry,  and  corresponded  with  Cardinals  Pole  and 
Bembo.  Michael  Angelo  wrote  a  sonnet  in  her  praise.  On  her  medal 
is  the  device  of  a  phoenix.    She  also  took,  when  assailed  by  the  envious 

1  For  procella,  read  procellas. 


80 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


and  malicious,  the  device  of  rocks  resisting  the  fury  of  the  waves 
(Fig.  52),  with  the  motto,  Conantia frangere  frangunt,  "They  break 


Fig.  52.— Vittoria  Colonna. 


those  striving  to  break  them ;"  or,  as  the  dramatic  poet  expresses  it  :l 

"  Thy  brave,  thy  manly  mind, 
That  like  a  rock  stands  all  the  storms  of  fortune, 
And  beats  'em  roaring  back,  they  cannot  reach  thee." 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Double  Marriage. 

In  the  'Orlando  JFurioso,'  Ariosto  devotes  three  stanzas  to  her 
praise,  beginning — 

"  Victoria  is  she  call'd— and  well  the  name 
Befits  her,  born  to  triumph  and  to  fame ; 
With  every  trophy  deck'd  of  laurell'd  pride, 
And  victory  attendant  at  her  side, 
Like  Artemisia  she,  the  queen  who  prais'd 
For  nuptial  duty,  to  Mausolus  rais'd 
The  stately  pile  ;  but  more  to  her  is  due, 
Who  from  the  sepulchre  her  consort  drew, 
And  bade  his  buried  honours  rise  anew. 

"  If  Laodamia,  Arria,  Bruto's  wife, 
Evadne  and  Argia,  fled  from  life, 
And  numbers  more,  in  story'd  annals  bloom'd, 
Who  sought  their  breathless  husbands  in  the  tomb  ; 
Still  fair  Victoria  yields  another  theme, 
Who  could  from  Lethe  and  the  turbid  stream 
That  nine  times  round  the  bloodless  spectres  flows, 
Her  husband  free,  though  death  and  fate  oppose. 


1  "  Immobil  son  di  vera  fede  scoglio, 

Che  d'ogn'  intorno  il  vento,  e'l  mar  percote."— Ariosto. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  81 

"  If  .stern  Achilles  once  could  envy  raise 
In  Macedonia's  king  for  Homer's  lays ; 
What  would  the  monarch,  living,  feel  to  hear 
Thy  name,  Pescara,  sound  in  every  ear. 
For  whom  thy  chaste,  thy  much-lov'd  consort  siugs 
Eternal  honours  on  the  tuneful  strings? 
If  all  her  great  deserts  the  muse  would  tell, 
The  muse  for  ever  on  the  theme  might  dwell." 

Hoole's  Translation. 

Colonna,  Donna  Gteronima.  This  lady,  who  was  an  example  of 
every  excellence  both  in  her  words  and  works,  had  for  device  the 
myrrh  or  balsam  tree,  with  the  motto,  Ut  nihil  desit,  "  That  nothing 
may  be  wanting," — an  impresa  worthy  of  the  lady ;  but  the  difficulty 
was,  how  to  represent  the  plant.  Theophrastus  likens  it  to  the  pome- 
granate ;  Dioscorides  to  the  white  violet ;  Pausanias  to  the  myrtle ; 
Strabo  to  the  terebinth,  and  Justin  to  the  pine.1  It  is  frequently 
alluded  to  by  the  poets : 

"The  weeping  myrrh  with  balmy  sorrow  flows.'' 

W.  Thompson,  The  Magi. 

"  Her  trees  with  precious  tears." 

Ovin.     Dkydkn'o  Translation. 

And  Othello,  in  his  last  speech,  speaks  of  himself  as — 

" .  .  .  .  One,  whose  subdu'd  eyes, 
Albeit  unused  to  the  melting  mood, 
Drop  tears  as  fast  as  the  Arabian  trees 
Their  medicinal  gum." — Act  v.,  sc.  2. 

The  emblem  also  occurs  in  Scripture.  In  Solomon's  Song,  he  says : 
"  My  hands  dropped  with  myrrh,  and  my  fingers  with  sweet-smelling 
myrrh."  And  "  His  lips  like  lilies  dropping  sweet-smelling 
myrrh." 2 

Comines,  Philippe  DE(-f-150J).  The  celebrated  historian  took  for 
device  a  wheatsheaf.  Motto,  Qui  non  laborat  non  manducat,  "Whoso 
does  not  labour,  will  not  eat;"  a  paraphrase  of  the  words  of  the 
apostle,  "  If  any  would  not  work,  neither  should  he  eat." 3  This  device 
and  motto  may  be  seen  on  the  monument  of  Comines  and  his  wife,  in 
the  Kenaissance  Court  of  the  Louvre,  at  Paris. 

Comminges   Family.     Their  arms  are   gules,  four  "otelles"   or 

1  Capaccio.  -  Cant.  v.  5,  15.  3  2  Tlies.  iii.  10. 

G 


82  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

"aniandons"   (shelled   almonds)   in   saltire   (Fig.  53).     Motto,  En 
croissans  nous  amandons. 


Fig.  53.— Comminges. 

Cornaro,  Frederick,  Bishop  of  Padua.  A  rose.  Motto,  Una  dies 
aperit,  conjicit  una  dies,  "  One  day  opens,  one  day  ends  it."  Pope 
Leo  XI.  (-f-1605),  had  the  same  device.  Motto,  Sic  florui,  "  Thus 
I  nourished."     So  Tasso — 

il  Cosi  trapassa  al  trapassar  d'un  giorno 
De  la  vita  mortal  il  fior,  e  '1  verde." — Gerusalemme  Liber  ata. 

And  also  the  oft  quoted  lines  of  Malherbe — 

"  Et  rose  elle  n'a  vecu  que  ce  vivent  les  roses, 
L'espace  d'un  matin." 

Cornaro,  Piscopia  Elena.     See  PlSCOPIA. 

Correggio,  Isabella  da,  of  Parma.  Being  left  a  widow  when 
young,  she  took  for  her  device,  two  anchors,  with  the  motto,  His 
suffulta,  "By  these  supported ;"  that  is,  she  had  the  double  support 
of  piety  to  heaven  and  love  towards  her  deceased  husband ;  as  Petrarch 
says: 

"  Ben  poria  ancor  piefa  con  amor  mista 
Per  sostegno  di  me  doppia  colonna." 

Corti,  Gtirolamo.     A  crab  looking  at  the  moon,  with  the  motto, 

Forma  tengo  dal  variato  aspetto,  "  My  form  I  take  from  its  varied 

aspect,"  i.e.,  the  changes  of  the  moon,1  taken  from  Petrarch,  who,  when 

speaking  of  the  eyes  of  Laura,  says  : 

"  Onde  di  e  notte  si  rinversa 
II  gran  desio  per  ti  sfogare  il  petto, 
Che  forma  tien  del  variato  aspetto.'' 

Corvinus,  Mathias,  King  of  Hungary  (-j-1458),  bore  a  crow,  the 
canting  arms  of  his  family,  and  also  a  wolf,  those  of  his  father,  to 
which  he  added  the  motto,  Sua  alienaque  pignora  nutrit,  "  He 
nourishes  his  own  and  other  pledges  [of  love]  ;"  meaning  that  as  the  wolf 

i  "  With  her  growth,  all  shell  fish  waxe  moon  is  at  the  full ;  because  that  planet 

and  encrease  "  (Pliny,  book  ii.,  ch.  99).  is  comfortable  in   the   night   time,  and 

"In  autumn  and  spring,  they  battle  with  her  warme  light  mitigateth  the  cold 

and  waxe  fat ;  and  especially  when  the  of  the  night." — Ibid.,  book  ix.,  ch.  31. 


AND  WAE-CRIES. 


83 


Fig.  54. — Ciequy  Family. 


treated  with  kindness  Romulus  and  Remus,  the  offspring  of  man — his 
mortal  foe — so  he  would  also  pardon  and  be  merciful  to  his  adversaries. 

Crkquy  Family.     The  arms  of  this  family  are  the  Crequier,  or 
wild   plum   (Fig.   54),  gules,   on   a   field   or ; 
often   designated   by   the   old  foreign   heralds 
as   the    "  seven-branched    candlestick    of   the 
Temple."     See  War-Cries,  Crequy. 

Their  ancient  device  is  a  hedgehog  or 
porcupine,  with  the  motto,  Que  nul  ne  s'y 
frotte. 

The  hedgehog  was  also  borne  by  Prince 
Butera.  Motto,  Non  tangor  inultus,  "  I  am 
not  touched  unavenged." 

At  the  funeral  of  Marshal  Turenne  the  same 
device  was  used,  with  the  motto,  Omnis  mihi 
vita  sub  armis,  "  All  my  life  under  arms." 

TJndique  tutus,  "  On  all  sides  safe,"  is  another  motto  for  the 
hedgehog. 

Ckoy,  Guillaume  de,  Due  de  Soria  (  -j-  1521). l     His  motto  was; 

"  Ou  que  je  soye 

Je  ii'  oublieray  Croy." 

Croy,  Charles  Philippe  de  (  -f-  1612).  Due  d'  Arschot,  Prince 
de  Chimay.     Motto,  Je  me  maintiendray  Croy. 

Cybo  of  Genoa,  Princes  of  Massa  and  Carrara.  Their  arms  are 
gules,  a  bend  chequey,  azure  and  argent.  Cybos  is  the  Greek  for  a 
cube,  or  anything  square. 

Cybo,  Alano,  of  Genoa  (-{-1457),  Viceroy  of  Naples,  under  Rene 
of  Anjou  and  his  successor.  When  Alano  was  sent  by  the  Republic 
of  Genoa  to  assist  Rene  against  Alfonso  of  Aragon,  who  had  besieged 
Naples,  Renel  gave  him  the  motto  he  used  himself,  Leaulte  passe  tout, 
which,  with  the  peacock  in  its  pride,  the  ancient  badge  of  the  house 
of  Cybo,  were  adopted  by  Alano,  and  by  his  son, 

Cybo,  Giov.  Battista,  Pope  Innocent  VIII.  (-f  1484).  He  also 
had  for  device,  a  mountain,  from  the  top  of  which  issue  a  palm  and 
an  olive-branch.  Motto,  Ardua  virtutem,2  '■'  Lofty  deeds  [promote] 
virtue." 


1  Mans,  de  la  Toison  d'or. 
'-'  "  Ardua  virtutem  profert  via,  ascendite  primi,"  &c. 


-SlLVCS  ITALICUS. 

Q    2 


84  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Cybo,  Francesco,  Count  of  Anguillara  (-j-1519),  son  of  Inno- 
cent VIII.,  and  of  his  wife,  Marianna  Maddalena,  who  was  daughter  of 
Lorenzo  de'  Medici,  and  sister  of  Leo  X.  (whom  Innocent  VIII.  made 
Cardinal).  His  device  was  a  barrel  without  a  head,  from  which  flames 
are  issuing,  such  as  is  used  in  times  of  public  rejoicing.  Motto, 
Von  Guetten  in  Besser,  "  From  good  to  better."  Di  bene  in 
meglio. 

Francesco  was  Governor  of  the  Church  during  his  father's  ponti- 
ficate, and  this  device  meant  to  indicate  the  joy  and  gladness  that 
prevailed,  and  to  foretell  a  continuance  of  prosperity  to  the  houses  of 
Cybo  and  Medici. 

Cybo,  Innocent,  son  of  Francesco.  Made  Cardinal  by  Leo  X., 
who  said,  in  giving  hiai  the  hat,  "  Innocentio  Cybo  gave  it  to  me,  to 
Innocentio  Cybo  I  return  it." 

The  Cardinal  used  the  device  of  an  anvil,  with  the  motto,  Durdbo, 
"  I  will  endure." 

Cybo,  Lorenzo  (+  1548).  His  brother.  A  pyramid  on  a  cube, 
with  two  hands  united  ;  the  sun  above.  Motto,  Sine  fine,  "  Without 
end."  The  pyramid  upon  the  cube  denoted  firmness,  the  sun  was 
emblematic  of  the  Almighty,  and  the  united  hands  denoted  faith  and 
loyalty,  the  whole  meaning  that  Lorenzo  would  remain  firm  in  the 
loyalty  of  his  ancestors,  and  trusted  these  virtues  might  be  perpetuated 
in  his  posterity. 

Cybo,  Alberigo  Malaspina,  Marchese  di  Massa  (-{-  lo'zo).  A 
stork  with  the  square  stone  in  its  claws,  looking  at  the  three  spring- 
celestial  signs.  Motto,  EN  KTPm  ETXAPI2TI  A,  "  In  the  Lord 
is  thanksgiving."  The  stork  denoting  his  gratitude,  and  the  cube  his 
firmness  and  fidelity  towards  his  sovereign  (Philip  II.). 

A  running  stag  was  another  of  his  devices.  Motto,  Velocius  ad 
cselum,  "  Swifter  to  Heaven."  Also,  three  stags  swimming  across 
a  stream.  Motto,  Transcendum,  aid  moriendum,  "  Or  cross — 
or  die.1' 

Denmark  (Christian  II.),  King  of  (+1559),  the  "  Nero  of  the 
North."  His  motto  was,  Sic  erat  in  fatis,  "So  it  was  [decreed]  by 
Fate."  He  also  took  for  device  an  eagle  fighting  and  overthrowing  a 
serpent,  with  the  motto,  Dimicandum,  "  We  must  fight." 

Christian's  wife,  Isabella  of  Austria,1  took  for  her  device,  Fortune 

1  Sister  of  the  Emperor  Charles- V. 


AND  WAE-CEIES.  85 

on   a   ball.     Motto,    Omnia  fortuna   committo,   "  I   commit   all   to 
Fortune." 

Diane  de  Poitiers,  Duchesse  de  Valentinois l  (-f-1566).  In 
memory  of  her  deceased  husband,  she  bore  an  arrow  entwined  with 
green  branches,  and  issuing  from  a  tomb,  upon  which  lay  a  cross. 
Motto,  Sola  vivit  in  illo,  "  She  lives  only  in  him,"  expressive  of  the 
constancy  of  her  love ;  but  Paradin  gives  the  motto  a  higher  signifi- 
cation, rendering  it,  "  Alone,  on  that  she  lives," — i.e.,  in  the  hope  of  a 
glorious  resurrection. 

On  the  walls  of  the  Chateau  of  Anet  was  the  device  of  an  arrow, 
with  the  motto,  Consequitur  quodcunque  petit,2  "  She  attains  what- 
ever she  seeks." 

There  is  a  medal  of  Diane,  having  on  the  obverse  her  bust,  and 
on  the  reverse,  she  is  represented  trampling  Cupid  under  her  feet,  with 
the  motto,  Omnium  victorem  vici, "  I  have  conquered  the  conqueror  of 
all."3 

Do'menichi,  Ludovico.4  The  coulter  of  a  plough.  Motto,  Longo 
sjplendescit  in  usu,  "  It  shines  brilliantly  in  long  use." 

The  same  device  and  motto  were  used  by  Cardinal  Gambara. 

Doria.,  Andrea,  (-j-  15  GO).  The  ablest  sea  captain  of  his  age.  By 
his  assistance  the  French,  under  Lautrec,  made  themselves  masters  of 
Genoa.  Displeased  with  his  allies,  Doria  went  over  to  the  Emperor 
Charles  Y.,  who  loaded  him  with  favours.  He  delivered  Genoa  from 
the  French  yoke,  and  though  it  was  in  his  power  to  have  rendered 
himself  sovereign  of  his  country,  he  sacrificed  all  thoughts  of  personal 
aggrandisement  to  the  satisfaction  of  establishing  liberty.  As  Ariosto 
says — 

"  Non  tien  per  se,  ma  fa  alia  patria  darlo ; 
Con  preglii  ottien  cli'  in  liberta  la  nietta, 
Dove  altri  a  se  l'avria  forse  soggetta." 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  xv.,  st.  32. 

"  His  country's  freedom  patriot  Doria  gains, 
When  others  for  themselves  had  forg'd  her  chains." 

Hoole's  Translation. 

When  Doria,  then  Admiral  of  the  Empire,  conducted  Charles  V. 

1  Henry   II.  gave   her   the   Comte'  of      are  in  the  South  Kensington  Museum* 
Valentinois  in  Dauphine'  for  life.  and     also     in    the    Louvre.    (Collection 

2  This  is  the  motto  of  the  Marquis  of      Sauvageot). 

Headfort.  «     4  Author  of  a  book  on  emblems,  'Eagio- 

3  Specimens  of  this  medallion,  in  lead,       namentodeM.Lodovico  Domenichi,'1574. 


86  HISTOKIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

to  Goleta,  on  the  fourth  galley,  which  was  the  general's,  was  Doria's 
device  of  a  star  with  rays,  surrounded  by  arrows,  with  the  motto, 
Vias  tuas  Domine  demonstra  mild,  "  Show  me  thy  ways,  0  Lord," — 
invoking  the  divine  direction  and  support. 

Guillirn1  states  that  Doria  also  had  the  device  of  a  ship,  with  the 
motto,  Omnia  fortunse  committo,  "  I  trust  all  to  Fortune," — words,  as 
he  says,  more  befitting  the  mouth  of  a  heathen.  A  galley  is  on  the 
reverse  of  a  bronze  gilt  medallion  with  his  portrait.2  Motto,  Non 
dormit  qui  custodit,  "  He  that  is  keeper  is  no  sleeper."  Vigil  in  mari, 
"  Watchful  on  the  sea,"  was  also  one  of  his  mottoes. 

Empire,  Germany  and  Austria.  In  the  Romer,  or  senate-house, 
at  Frankfort,  hang  portraits  of  all  the  emperors,  and  underneath  each 
portrait  is  the  "  Wahlspriiche,"  or  motto,  assumed  by  each  emperor  at 
his  coronation.  The  first  motto  given  under  each  emperor  in  the 
following  list,  is  his  Wahlspriiche  : — 

Charlemagne.  800. 3  Christus  vincit,  Christus  regnat,  Christus  triumphat, 
'  Christ  conquers,  Christ  reigns,  Christ  triumphs."  On  his  coins,  instead  of  "  trium- 
phat," it  is  " imperil."  Charlemagne  also  used  the  motto,  Gratia  Dei,  sum  quod  sum, 
"  By  the  Grace  of  God,  I  am  what  I  am." 

Lotus  the  Pious.    814.    Omnium  rerum  vicissitude-,  "  The  vicissitude  of  all  things." 

Charles  the  Fat.  880.  Os  garrulum  iniricat  ovinia,  "  A  garrulous  tongue 
entangleth  all  things." 

Arnulf.     S87.     Facilis  descensus  Averni,  "  The  descent  to  Avernus  is  easy." 

Louis  the  Infant.  899.  Multorum  manus,  paucorum  consilium,  "  Many  hands, 
little  counsel." 

Conrad  of  Franconia.  911.  Fortuna  quum  blanditur fallit,  "Fortune  deceives 
whom  it  flatters." 

Henry  I.,  the  Fowler.  91S.  Ad  rindictam  tardus,  ad  beneficentiam  velox,  "  Slow 
to  avenge,  swift  to  benefit." 

Otho  I.,  the  Great.  936.  Statins  est  ratione  aequitatis  mortem  oppetere,  quam 
fugere  et  inlioneste  vivere,  "  It  is  better  to  die  for  righteousness'  sake,  than  to  flee  and 
lead  a  dishonourable  life."  Also,  Aid  mors,  aut  vita  decora,  "  Or  death  or  a 
decorous  life." 

Otho  II.  973.  Cum  omnibus  pacem,  adversus  vitia  bellum,  "  Peace  with  all  men  ; 
against  vices,  war." 

Otho  III.,  the  Red.  983.  Facile  singula  rumpuntur  jacula,  conjuueta  non  item, 
"  A  single  dart  may  easily  be  broken,  but  not  so  when  joined  to  others."  Also,  Unita 
virtus  valet,  "  United  valour  prevails." 


1  '  Display  of  Heraldry.'     London,  1724. 
2  Bronze  gilt  medallion,  Andrea  Doria.  3  The  dates  here    given  are   those  of 

Obverse,  bust  portrait,  inscribed    "  An-       the  accession. 
dreas  Doria."     Reverse,  a  gallev. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  87 

Henry  II.,  the  Holy.  1002.  Nihil  impense  ames,  itafiet,  ut  in  nullo  contristeris 
"  Love  nothing  too  intently,  and  you  will  never  be  made  sad."  Also,  Ne  quid  nimis, 
"  Never  in  extremes." 

Conrad  II.,  the  Salic.  1024.  Omnium  mores,  tuos  imprimis  observato.  "  Observe 
all  men's  manners,  thine  own  first." 

Henry  HI.  1039.  Qui  litem  uufert,  execrationem  in  benedictionem  mutat,  "  Whoso 
stops  a  quarrel,  changes  a  curse  into  a  blessing." 

Henry  IV.  1056.  Multi  mitlta  sciunt,  se  autem  nemo,  "  Many  know  many 
things,  no  one  himself." 

Henry  V.  1106.  Married  to  Matilda,  daughter  of  Henry  I.  of  England. 
Miser  qui  mortem  appetit,  miserior  qui  tim°t,  "Miserable  is  he  who  wishes  death, 
more  miserable  who  fears  it." 

Lothaire.    1125.     Audi  alteram  partem,  "  Hear  the  other  side." 

Conrad  III.  of  Franconia.  1138.  Pauca  cum  aliis,  multa  tecum  hquere, 
"  Converse  little  with  others,  much  with  thyself." 

Frederic  I.,  Bakbarossa.  1152.  Praestut  uni  probo,  quam  mille  improbis  placere, 
"  Better  please  one  good  man  than  a  hundred  wicked." 

Henry  VI.  1190.  Qui  tacendi  non  habet  artem,  nee  loquendi  novit  opportunitatem, 
"  Whoso  knows  not  when  to  he  silent  knows  not  when  to  speak." 

Philip.  1198.  Quod  male  coeptum  est,  ne  pudeat  mutasse,  "Be  not  afraid  to 
change  that  which  was  badly  begun." 

Otho  IV.,  the  Superb.  1208.  Strepit  anser  inter  olores,  "Among  swans  the 
goose  maketh  a  loud  noise." 

Frederic  II.  1212.  Cumplurium  thriorum  ego  strepitum  audivi,  "I  heard  the 
rustling  of  some  fig  leaves." 

Rodolph  I.  or  Hapsburg.  1273.  Meliusbene  imperare, quam  imperium  ampliare, 
"  It  is  better  lo  rule  well  than  to  enlarge  one's  kingdom."  Rodolph  took  for  device 
an  armed  hand  with  a  mace  and  an  olive-branch.  Motto,  Utrum  lubet,  "  Whichever 
you  please, ' — war  or  peace. 

Adolphus  of  Nassau.  1292.  Killed  at  the  battle  of  the  Spurs.  Praestat  vir  sine 
peeunia,  quam  pecunia  sine  viro,  "  Better  the  man  without  money  than  money  without 
the  man."  For  device  he  took  the  dolphin  twisted  round  an  anchor.  Motto,  Festina 
lente,  "  Hasten  slowly." 

Albert  I.  1298.  Duke  of  Austria,  son  of  Rodolph.  Fugam  victoria  nescit, 
''Victory  ignores  flight."  With  this  motto,  Albert  had  the  device  of  two  hands 
defending  the  imperial  standard  against  a  shower  of  lances.1 

Henry  VII.  of  Luxemburg.  1308.  Calicem  vitae  dedisti  mild  in  mortem,  "  In 
death  thou  gavest  me  the  cup  of  life."  His  device  was  two  hands  issuing  out  of 
clouds  holding  a  caduceus  surmounted  by  a  crown.  Motto,  Fide  et  consilio,  "  By 
faith  and  counsel." 

Frederic  the  Fair.2  1314.  Beata  morte  nihil  beatius,  "Nought  more  blessed 
than  a  blessed  death."     For  device  he  took  the  legs  of  a  Colossus  on  a  pedestal 


1  Tvpotii,  Jac,  'Symbola  divina  emperor  by  four  electors,  while  six  voted 
et  humana,'  12mo.  Arnheminse,  1666,  for  Louis  of  Bavaria.  The  one  was 
passim.  crowned  at  Cologne,  1315,  the  other  at 

2  Frederic  the  Fair  ought  not  to  be  Aix-la-Chapelle.  The  battle  of  Muhl- 
reckoned  among  the  Emperors  of  Ger-  dorf,  1322,  decided  the  fate  of  Frederic, 
many.  He  was  son  of  Albert  I.  On  the  who  was  taken  prisoner,  and  resigned 
death    of   Henry   VII.,   he    was    named  his  claims  to  his  rival. 


88 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


(Fig.  55).     Adhuc  slat,  "  It  still  stands."     Pacem  cum  hominibus,  cum  viiih  helium, 
'•  Peace  with  men — war  with  vices,"  was  another  of  Frederic's  mottoes. 


Fig.  55. — Frederic  the  Fuir, 

Louis  the  Bavarian.  1314.  Hujusmodi  comparandae  sunt  opes,  quae  simul  cum 
navfrano  enatent,  "  Such  riches  are  to  be  got  together  which  even  in  shipwreck  swim." 
Also,  Sola  bona,  quae  hnnesta,  "  Only  good  what  is  honest."  His  device  was  an  eagle 
placing  its  claws  upon  a  cleft  globe.     Motto,  Divisum  jungam,  "  I  will  join  the  divided." 

Charles  IV.  of  Luxemburg.  1347.  Optimum  est  aliena  insania  frui, "  It  is  best  to 
profit  by  other's  follies."  His  device  was  a  lynx.  Motto,  Nullius  pavet  occursum,, 
"  He  fears  not  meeting  with  any  one." 

Wenceslaus.  1378.  Morosophi  moriones  pessimi,  "  Lovers  of  fools  are  the  worst 
buffoons."  Device,  a  ship  in  a  storm.  Motto,  Tempestati  parendum,  "  We  must 
obey  seasons." 

Kupekt.  1400.  Misericordia  non  causam  sedfortunam  spectcd,  "  Mercy  looks  not 
to  the  cause,  but  the  lot." 

Sigismund,  Emperor  and  King  op  Hungary.  1410.  Mala  ullro  adswd,  "  Evils 
are  willingly  present," — "  Ill-luck  comes  unbidden." 

Albert  II.,  the  Great.  1438.  Amicus  optima  vitae  jwssessio,  "A  friend  is  the 
greatest  possession  in  life."  His  device  was  an  armed  arm  holding  a  spear.  Motto, 
Tolle  moras,1  "  Away  with  all  delays."  When  you  are  in  readiness,  it  is  ever  injurious 
to  postpone, — you  should  allow  your  enemy  no  time  for  preparation. 

Frederic  III.,  the  Pacific.  1440.  A.  E.  I.  0.  U.  These  five  letters  were  placed  by 
Frederic  upon  the  covers  of  his  books  and  upon  his  furniture,  and  exercised  in  vain 
the  ingenuity  of  every  one  1o  decypher  their  me.ining.  After  his  death  the  explanation 
was  found  in  his  own  hand-writing.2  Auslriae  est  imperare  orbi  universo,  "  The  whole 
world  is  subject  to  Austria.''  Or,  Austria  erit  in  orbe  idtima,  "  Austria  will  be  the 
last  in  the  world." 

Rerum  irrecuperabilium  felix  oblivio,  "  Forgetfulness  of  things  irrecoverable  is 
happy,"  was  another  of  Frederic's  mottoes.     He  also  took  for  device  an  armed  hand 


1  "Tolle  moras,  semper  nocuit  differre 

paratis." 

Lican. 

2  Lambecins,  in  his  '  Diarium  sacri 
itineiis  Cellensis,'  gives  forty  interpre- 
tations   of    this    device    {Bioj.    Univer). 


Among  others  were  -.—Austria  extenditur 
in  orbem  universum ;  Aquila  electa  juste 
omnia  vincit ;  Aquilae  est  imperium  orbis 
itniversi ;  Aquila  cxcellit  inter  omnes 
value  res ;  Aquis  (jranum  exccllit  inter 
omues  urbes. 


AND  WAK-CRIES.  89 

with  a  sword  upon  an  open  book.  Hie  regit,  ilia  tuetur,  "  This  rules,  that  defends." 
Also,  a  tower  with  thunder  above,  and  the  motto,  Feriunt  summos,  "  They  strike  the 
highest  tops."  On  being  asked  by  the  courtiers  its  meaning,  he  replied,  "  Do  you  not 
know  that  a  prince  is  placed  as  a  mark  for  the  arrow,  as  lightniDg  strikes  the  high 
towers  and  does  not  touch  the  humble  roof?" 

Maximilian  I.  1493.  Tene  mensuram  et  respice  finem,  "Hold  the  measure,  and 
look  to  the  end."  Maximilian  also  used  the  initials  of  Frederic,  which  he  rendered, 
Aquila  Electa  Jovis  Omnia  Vincit,  "  The  chosen  eagle  of  Jove  conquers  all  things." 

Charles  Y.  1519.  Plus  ultra  (see  Spain).  Another  device  was  an  eagle  with  a 
thunderbolt  on  one  side  and  a  branch  of  laurel  on  the  other.  Motto,  Cuique  suum, 
"To  each  his  own,"  meaning  that  he  held  the  world  in  peace  or  war  at  his  will. 

The  ancients  believed  that  thunder  put  a  stop  to  councils,  because,  when  Jove 
thunders,  it  is  not  lawful  for  people  to  discourse.  To  couquer  this  superstition, 
Charhs,  when  it  thundered  at  a  diet  he  was  holding  at  Frankfort,  upon  religious 
matters,  observed,  Tonat  ut  cum  timore  agamus,  "  It  thunders  that  we  may  act  with 
fear, '  winch  was  made  a  device  of  thunderbolts,  with  the  motto,  Cum  Timore,1  "  With 
fear." 

Ferdinand  I.  1558.  Fiat  justitia,  pereat  mundus,  "  Let  justice  be  done,  though 
the  world  perish." 

Ferdinand  had  a  symbol  of  eight  letters,  A.  I.  P.  Q.  N.  S.  I.  A.,  initials  for  Accidit 
in  punctn,  quod  non  speratur  in  anno,  "  That  happens  in  a  moment  which  is  not 
hoped  for  in  a  year." 

Maximilian  II.  1564.  His  " wahlspruehe "  was,  Deus  providebit,  "God  will 
foresee."  He  had  several  devices.  The  imperial  eagle,  with  an  olive,  on  one  side; 
on  the  other,  a  thunderbolt.  Motto,  EN  KAIPH  EKATEPON.  In  opportunitate 
utrumque,  "  On  occasion,  the  one  or  the  other  " — that  is,  peace  or  war,  punishment 
or  reward,  as  required. 

The  imperial  eagle  upon  a  crescent.  Comminuam  vel  extinguam,  "  I  will  diminish 
or  extinguish." 

A  knight  transfixing  his  prostrate  enemy  with  his  lance,  Sic  aliena,  "  So  other 
things  "  [happen]. 

Eodolph  II.  157G.  Fidget  Caesaris  astrum,  '•  The  star  of  Caesar  shines."  This 
motto  he  used  with  the  device  of  Capricorn  (see  Augustus).  Also,  Omnia  ex  voluntate 
Lei,  "  All  tilings  by  the  will  of  God."  He  had  likewise  the  device  of  six  balloting 
balls  upon  a  table.     Motto,  Conscientibus  votis,  "  With  you  conscious." 

An  eagle  in  full  flight  holding  a  dart.  Motto,  A.  D.  S.  I.  T.,  which  initials  have 
been  variously  rendered  : 

Adjutorium  Domini  Sit  Inimicis  Tenor, 

"  The  aid  of  the  Lord  is  a  terror  to  the  unjust. ' 

Austria  Domus  Sccura  Jovis  Telorum, 

"  The  house  of  Austria  is  secure  of  the  arrows  of  Jove." 

Adjuvante  Domino  Superabo  Imperatorem  Turcarum, 

"  God  helping,  I  will  subdue  the  Emperor  of  the  Turks." 

Matthias.  1612.  Concordi  lumine  major,  "  By  united  light  greater."  Also, 
Amat  victoria  curam,  "  Victory  loves  care." 

This  last  motto  Matthias  had  on  a  medal  struck  when  he  wa3  governor  of  the 

1  Capaccio. 


90 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


Netherlands-,  representing  Perseus  (himself)  coming  to  the  relief  of  Andromeda  (the 
Netherlands),  on  the  other  side  was  the  crane  with  its  foot  raised  upon  a  trophy. 
Ferdinand  II.     1G19.     Legitime  certantibus,  "  To  men  fighting  in  a  just  cause.'' 
Ferdinand  III.     1637.     Pietate  etjustitia,  "  By  piety  and  justice." 
Leopold  I.     1658.     Consilio  et  indnstria,  "By  counsel  and  industry." 
Joseph  I.     1705.     Amove  et  timore,  "  By  love  and  fear." 

Charles  VI.     1711.     Constantia  et  fortitudine,  "  By  constancy  and  fortitude." 
Francis.     1745.     Pro  Deo  et  imperio,  "For  God  and  the  empire." 
JosErH  II.     1765.     Virtute  et  exemplo,  "  By  valour  and  example." 
Leopold  II.     1790.     Opes  recjum  cordia  subditorum,  "The  hearts  of  their  subjects 
are  the  weallh  of  kings." 

Fkancis  II.     1792.     Lege  etfide,  "  By  law  and  faith." 

English,  oe  Anglois,  Esther.  This  lady  was  French  by  origin, 
but  she  passed  part  of  her  life  in  England  and  Scotland,  in  the  reign 
of  Elizabeth  and  James  I.  She  was  distinguished  for  the  elegance  of 
her  calligraphy,  and  several  of  her  manuscripts  are  in  the  Bodleian 
Library,  with  her  portrait  drawn  with  a  pen,  and  her  favourite  motto, 
De  Dieu  le  hien,  De  moy  le  rien. 

Eeasmus  (-f- 1536).     When  Tarquin  the  Proud  desired  to  build  a 

temple  to  Jupiter  upon  the  Tarpeian  rock,  he 
begged  all  the  inferior  divinities  to  give  up  the 
altars  they  had  upon  the  rock  in  favour  of  the 
master  of  them  all. 

All  the  gods  cheerfully  consented,  except 
Terminus.  This  Terminus  (Fig.  56),  there- 
fore, who  refused  to  yield  to  Jupiter,  was 
chosen  by  Erasmus  for  his  haughty  device, 
with  the  motto,  Cedo  nulli,  "  I  yield  to  none ;" 
or,  Vel  Jovi  cedere  nescit, "  He  yields  not  even 
to  Jove."  This  device  is  upon  a  contemporary 
bronze  medallion  of  Erasmus. 

When  Erasmus  asked  Sir  Thomas  More  to 
give  him  a  sentence  to  place  over  the  door  of 
his  study,  More  said  that  the  figure  of  Apelles 
painting  would  be  appropriate.  Erasmus, 
wondering  at  his  meaning,  More  replied,  "  Apelles  said,  Nulla  dies 
sine  linea,  l  No  day  without  a  line ;'  a  precept  well  observed  by  you, 
since  you  astonish  the  world  with  the  number  of  your  works." 


FiR.  56. — "Erasmus. 


"No  day  without  a  deed  to  crown  it." 

King  Henry  VJ1I.,  Act  v.,  sc.  4. 


AND  WAE-CEIES.  91 

A  sun-dial,  with  Nulla  hora  sine  linea,  "  No  hour  without  a  line," 
was  borne  by  Luigi  Priuli,  Doge  of  Venice. 

Este  of  Ferrara.1  The  house  of  Este  is  said  to  derive  its  name 
from  the  custom  of  the  emperors,  when  they  bestowed  any  lordship  or 
territory  upon  subjects  for  their  merits,  to  make  use  of  this  expression 
in  Latin,  "  Este  hie  domini,"  as  Ariosto  says : 

"E  perckc  clira  Carlo  in  latino  ;  Este 
Voi  Signor  qui,  quando  faragli  il  dono, 
Nel  secolo  futur  nominato  Este 
Sara  il  bel  luogo  con  augorio  buono." 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  xli.,  st.  65. 

"  As  Charles,  when  he  the  land  bestows, 
Would  say  in  Latin — Este,  here  repose  ; 
Succeeding  times  such  omen  should  embrace, 
And  give  the  name  of  Este  to  the  place." 

Hoole's  Translation. 

Ariosto  thus  designates  Ferrara : 

"  La  bella  terra  che  siecle  su'l  flume, 
Dove  chiamb  con  lagrimoso  plettro 
Febo  il  figliuol,  ch'  avea  mal  retto  il  lurae; 
Quando  fu  pianto  il  fabuloso  elettro, 
E  Cigno  si  vest!  di  bianche  piume." 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  iii.,  st.  34. 

"  While  he  shall  o'er  the  happy  land  preside, 
Where  Phoebus,  on  the  fatal  river's  side, 
Invok'd  his  breathless  son  with  tuneful  lyre, — 
His  son,  who  sought  to  guide  his  father's  fire ; 
Where  the  sad  sisters  tears  of  amber  shed, 
And  Cygnus,  chang'd,  his  snowy  plumage  spread." 

Hoole's  Translation. 

"  The  silver  eagle  in  an  azure  field  "  of  the  house  of  Este  is  often 
alluded  to  by  Ariosto.2 

Este,  Alfonso  d',  Duke  of  Ferrara  (-f-  1534).  He  was  a  great 
proficient  in  the  mechanical  arts,  and  turned  his  attention  to  the 

1  "  La  gran'  donna  del  Po." 

Tassoni,  Secchia  Rapita,  v.  37. 

2  "  Nel  campo  azur  l'aquila  bianca  avea." 

"  He  bore  the  white  eagle  in  the  azure  shield." 

"  L'aquila  bianca  in  color  celeste." 

Canto  xliv. 

"  Lo  riconosce  all'  aquila  d'argento, 
C'ha  nello  scudo  azzurro,  il  Giovinetto." 

Canto  xxxvi. 


92 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


improvement  of  artillery.  He  joined  the  League  of  Cambray,  and,  on 
the  side  of  the  French,  fought  in  the  great  battle  of  Ravenna,1 

"  Where  perished  in  his  fame  the  hero  boy, 
Who  lived  too  long  for  men,  but  died  too  soon 
For  human  vanity,  the  young  de  Foix." 

Byron. 

Fabrizio  Colonna,  Pescara,  Peter  of  Navarre,  and  the  Cardinal 
Giovanni  de'  Medici  (afterwards  Leo  X.)  were  all  taken  prisoners,  and 
Marc- Antonio  Colonna  surrendered  Ptavenna ;  but  the  death  of  Gaston 
clouded  the  triumph  of  the  conquerors.  AlfoDSo  bore  at  the  battle,  as 
his  device,  a  grenade,  or  shell  (Fig.  57),  to  which  Ariosto  added  the 

motto,    Loco   et    tempore,    after- 
wards   converted    into    French, 
Lieu  et  temps,  meaning  that  in 
HUH  IlilJllII       Proper    "time    and    place"    he 

would  destroy  his  adversaries,  as 
he  proved  by  the  skilful  direction 
of  his  artillery,  which  secured  the 
victory  to  the  French.  For 
twenty-five  years  Alfonso  con- 
tended against  three  warrior 
popes :  he  was  excommunicated 
by  Pope  Leo  X.,  who  detained 
him  prisoner  in  spite  of  his  safe 
conduct ;  but  Fabrizio  Colonna, 
whom  he  had  liberated  after  the  battle  of  Piavenna,  and  Marc-Antonio 
Colonna,  rescued  him,  and  forced  a  passage  out  of  Ptome  to  Marino, 
where  he  was  entrusted  to  the  care  of  Prospero  Colonna,  who  conducted 
him  through  Italy  in  safety  to  Florence, — a  generous  action  thus  met 
with  a  grateful  reward.2 

When  the  death  of  Leo  X.  saved  the  house  of  Este  from  inevitable 
ruin,  Alfonso  could  not  refrain  from  expressing  his  joy,  and  caused  a 
medal  to  be  struck  representing  a  man  liberating  a  lamb  from  the 
claws  of  a  lion,  with  the  motto,  Ex  ore  leonis,  "  Out  of  the  lion's 
mouth."  Fearing,  however,  the  odium  they  might  excite,  Alfonso 
suppressed  the  medals.3 

1  Ariosto,  who  was  present  at   the  battle,  gives  a  long  description  of  it  in  the 
'  Orlando  Furioso,'  canto  xiv.,  2—10. 

'-'  Koscoc,  '  Leo  X.'  3  Pignotti,  '  History  of  Tuscany.' 


Fig.  57. — Alfonso  d'Este. 


AND  WAE-CEIES.  93 

Alfonso  married  the  celebrated  Lucrezia  Borgia,  whom  Ariosto  thus 
eulogises : 

"  Lucre  tia  Borgia — who  in  beauty's  power, 
In  virtue,  fortune,  and  in  fame  shall  soar 
Above  her  sex, — who  spreads  her  fostering  shade, 
Like  the  green  sapling  in  a  fruitful  glade  ; 
As  dross  to  gold,  as  lead  to  silver  shows, 
The  field-bred  poppy  to  the  garden  rose, 
The  willow  pale  to  ever  verdant  bays, 
Or  painted  crystal  to  the  diamond's  blaze : 
Ev'n  so  to  her,  of  whom  unborn  I  tell, 
Shall  each  appear  that  else  might  most  excel. 
Of  every  virtue,  whose  transcendent  fame 
Shall  grace,  -alive  or  dead,  her  spotless  name. 
Be  this  her  chief,  her  Hercules  to  raise 
With  all  her  sons  to  deeds  of  martial  praise. 
To  plant  the  seeds  that  future  wreathes  may  yield 
To  bind  their  brows  in  council  and  in  field." 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  xiii.,  st.  69.     Hoole's  Translation. 

A  resident  for  fifteen  years  at  the  court  of  Ferrara,  where  he 
was  in  the  special  service  of  Cardinal  Ippolito,  brother  of  Duke 
Alfonso,  Ariosto  never  tires  in  his  praises  of  the  Este  family.  Of 
Alfonso  he  says : 

"  Alfonso  e  quel  che  col  sapere  accoppia 
Si  la  bonta ;  che  al  secolo  futuro 
La  gente  credera,  che  sia  dal  cielo, 
Tornata  Astrea  dove  puo  il  caldo  e  '1  gelo." 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  iii.,  st.  57. 

"  Alpl.onso  see  !  the  prince,  whose  soul  shall  shine 
With  wisdom  and  with  piety  divine  ; 
That  men  shall  deem  Astrea  left  the  earth 
To  visit  after  ages  at  his  birth  !  " 

Hoole's  Translation. 

And,  again,  he  thus  alludes  to  the  two  brothers  : 

"  II  giusto  Alfonso  e  Ippolito  benigno, 
Che  saran  quai  1'  antica  fama  suole 
Narrar  de'  figli  del  Tindareo  cigno, 
Che  alternamente  si  privar'  del  sole 
Per  trar  1'  un  1'  altro  dell'  aer  maligno ; 
Sara  ciascuno  d'  essi  e  pronto  e  forte 
L'  altro  a  salvar  con  sua  perpetua  morte. 
II  grande  amor  di  questa  bella  coppia 
Rendera  il  popol  suo  via  piii  sicuro, 
Che  se  per  opra,  di  Vulcan,  di  doppia 
Cinta  di  ferro  avesse  intorno  il  muro." 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  iii.,  st.  50. 


94  HISTOKIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

"Alfonso  and  Hippolito 
Whose  friendship  may  be  match'd  with  that  of  old, 
By  story 'd  page  of  Leda's  offspring  told : 
Who  each,  by  turns,  could  seek  the  nether  reign 
To  give  his  brother  to  the  world  again. 
So  shall  these  two  for  ever  stand  prepaid 
Each  with  his  own  the  other's  life  to  guard ; 
And  more  defend  their  land  in  raging  war, 
Than  steely  bulwarks  rais'd  by  Vulcan's  care." 

Hoole's  Translation. 

Este,  Ippolito,  first  Cardinal  (-J-  1520).  In  whose  service  Ariosto 
spent  many  unprofitable  years  of  his  life;1  but  whom  he  eulogises 
throughout  the  '  Orlando  Furioso.'     He  calls  Ippolito 

* 

"  .  .  .  .  il  liberal,  niagnanimo  e  sublime 
Gran  cardinal  della  chiesa  di  Boma, 
Ippolito,  ch'  a  prose,  a  versi,  a  rime 
Dara  materia  eterna  in  ogni  idioma." 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  iii.,  st.  5G. 

"  .  .  .  .  the  cardinal  in  future  time, 
The  church's  great  support !     In  prose  and  rhyme, 
The  theme  of  every  tongue  ;  whose  boundless  praise, 
Like  Caesar's,  shall  demand  a  Virgil's  lays." 

Hoole's  Translation. 

The  Cardinal  had  for  a  device,  a  falcon  supporting  the  weights  of 
a  clock,  Fal-con  tempo — fa  lo  con  tempo — "  He  will  do  it  with  time." 
Besides  this,,  he  bore  the  device  of  a  camel  upon  its  knees,  heavily 
laden,  with  the  motto,  Noil  suefro  mas  de  Jo  que  puedo,  "  I  do  not  bear 
more  than  I  am  able."  Griovio  considers  this  an  impresa  a" amove,  "  Do 
not  give  me  a  greater  weight  of  torment  than  I  am  able  to  support ;" 
but  Capaccio  views  it  as  applying  to  important  negotiations  with 
his  rivals,  in  which  he  was  willing  for  a  short  time  to  show  his  patience, 
of  which  the  camel  is  a  fit  emblem,  as  it  allows  itself  to  be  laden  as 
much  as  its  strength  will  bear. 

"When  the  Venetians  sailed  up  the  Po,  with  a  fleet,  against 
Alfonso,  the  cardinal  marched  out  with  some  horse  and  foot  against 
them,  sunk  four  of  the  ships,  and  took  fifteen : 

"  Costui  con  pochi  a  piecli,  e  meno  in  sella, 
Veggio  uscir  mesto,  e  poi  tornar  giocondo  ; 
Che  quindici  galee  mena  cattive, 
Oltra  mill'  altri  legni,  a  le  sue  rive." 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  iii.,  st.  57. 


1  Ariosto  says — 

"  Aggiungi  che  dal  giogo 
Del  Cardinal  da  Este  oppresso  fin.' 


And  again 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  95 

"  Methinks  I  see  him  with  a  scanty  train, 
Departing  sad,  return  with  joy  again ; 
While  fifteen  gallies  captive  to  the  shore 
He  brings,  besides  a  thousand  vessels  more." 

Hoole's  Translation. 

"  .  .  .  .  Ippolito,  ohe  i  tempi 
Dei  segni  ornaste  agT  inimici  tolti, 
E  che  traeste  lor  galee  cattive, 
Di  preda  carche  alle  paferne  rive. 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  xxxvi.,  st.  2. 

"As  when,  Hippolito,  thy  arm  divine 
With  conquer'd  ensigns  deck'd  each  hallow  d  shrine; 
That  arm,  which  from  their  gallies  bore 
With  spoils  encumber'd  to  thy  native  shore." 

Hoole's  Translation. 

Este,  Beatrice.     See  Galeazzo  Visconti. 

Este,  Beatrice.     See  Ludovico  Sforza. 

Este,  Isabella  of,  Marchese  di  Mantua  (-f-  1539).  Sister  of 
Ippolito,  Alfonso  and  Beatrice,  married  Gian  Francesco  di  Gonzaga, 
Marquis  of  Mantua.  Finding  that  her  son  Frederic  hore  such  love  to 
a  lady  that  he  neglected  his  mother,  and  all  the  court  followed  his 
example,  to  mark  her  sense  of  the  affront,  she  caused  to  be  portrayed  in 
her  palace  of  Porto,  and  in  other  places,  the  device  of  a  candlestand  made 
in  the  form  of  a  triangle,  like  those  used  in  the  holy  week,  of  which 
each  candle  is  extinguished  by  the  priest  except  the  top  light,  to  signify 
that  the  light  of  her  faith  remained  burning.  Motto,  Una  sufficit 
in  tenebris,  "  One  suffices  in  darkness."  1 

Isabella  likewise  used  the  numbers  xxvii.,  i.e.,  Vinti  sefe,  "  Thou 
art  conquered." 

"  Ecco  la  figlia  d'Ercole,  Isabella, 
Per  cui  Ferrara  si  terra  felice 
"Via  piii,  perche  in  lei  nata  sara  quella, 
Che  d'  altro  ben,  che  prospera  e  fautrice 
E  benigna  Eortuna  dar  le  deve 
Volgendo  gli  anni  nel  suo  corso  lieve." 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  xlii.,  st.  84. 

"  Lo  !  Isabella  of  Ferrara,  born 
Of  Hercules,  her  country  to  adorn, 
On  whom  benignant  Fortune  shall  besiow 
Each  gift  that  birth  or  lofty  rank  can  know, 
To  bless  her  native  land  in  weal  and  woe  " 
Hoole's  Translation. 


Unum  pro  multis  (Virgil),  "  One  for  many. 


96  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

"  Delia  tua  chiara  stirpe  uscira  qnella 
D'opere  illustri,  e  di  bei  studi  arnica, 
Ch'  io  non  so  ben  se  piu  leggiadra  e  bella 
Mi  debba  dire,  o  piu  saggio  e  pudica, 
Liberale  e  magnanima  Isabella  ; 
Che  del  bel  lume  suo  di  e  notte  apnea 
Farii  la  terra  die  sul  Menzo  siede, 
A  cui  la  madre  d'  Ocno  il  nome  diede  ; 
Dove  onorato  e  splendido  certame 
Avra  col  suo  dignissimo  consorte, 
Chi  di  lor  piu  le  virtu  prezzi  ed  arne, 
E  chi  meglio  apra  a  cortesia  le  porte." 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  xiii.,  st.  59. 

"  See  !  from  thy  glorious  stern  a  dame  descend, 
To  virtuous  deeils  and  liberal  arts  a  friend  ; 
With  her  for  grace  and  beauty  rests  the  prize, 
Chaste  with  the  chastest,  with  the  wisest  wise ; 
Fam'd  Isabella  !  whose  resplendent  light 
Shall  gild  with  equal  beams,  by  day  or  night, 
The  walls  which  Mincius'  silver  waters  lave, 
The  land  whose  titles  Ocnus' 1  mother  gave. 
There  shall  she  long  a  bright  example  give, 
There,  with  her  lord,  in  sweet  contention  live, 
And  best  shall  rear,  who  dearest  virtue  hold, 
Who  widest  of  benevolence  unfold 
The  sacred  gates.     In  Thema  or  Tara's  land, 
While  Gauls  repuls'd  confess  his  conquering  hand. 
Who,  like  Penelope,  the  purest  dame, 
Not  less  than  her  Ulysses  lives  to  fame. 
Of  her  great  things  and  many  I  reveal, 
Compris'd  in  little  space,  but  more  conceal." 

Hoole's  Translation,  Canto  exxvii. 

Este,  Ercole  IL,  fourth  Duke  (-(-1559).  Device,  a  figure  of 
Patience,  with  the  Greek  motto,  OT'TIlS  AIIANTA,  "  Thus  every- 
thing,"— i.e.,  thus  govern,  thus  guide ;  and  thus  doing,  thou  wilt 
overcome.     Patience  conquers  all. 

"  Gener  del  re  di  Francia,  Ercol  secoudo 
E  1'  un ;  quest'  altro,  accio  tutti  gT  impari, 
Ippolito,  ehe  non  con  minor  raggio 
Che  '1  zio,  risplendera  nel  suo  lignaggio." 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  hi.,  st.  58. 

"  View  Hercules  the  Second  first  advance, 
Who  weds  the  daughter  of  the  King  of  France, 
See  next  Hippolito,  whose  acts  shall  shine. 
And  like  his  ancestors  adorn  his  line." 

Hoole's  Translation. 


1  Mantua,  built  by  the  fairy  Man  to,  mother  of  Ocnus. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  97 

Married  Renee  de  France,  who  is  thus  alluded  to  by  Ariosto  — 

"Non  voglio  che  iu  silen7io  anco  Renata 
Di  Francia,  nuora  di  costei,  rimagna ; 
Di  Luigi  duodecimo  re  nata, 
E  dell'  eterna  gloria  di  Bretagna : 
Ogni  virtu,  che  iu  donna  mai  sia  statn, 
Da  p.ri  che  '1  foco  scalda,  e  1'  acqua  bagna, 
E  giiM  intorno  il  cielo,  insieme  tutta 
Per  Rennta  adornar  vegglo  ridntfci." 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canlo  xiii.,  st.  72. 

"  Nor  must  I  here  Eenaia  fail  to  place, 
(Lucretia's  near  ally)  of  Gallia's  race, 
Of  Lewis  born  (the  twelfth  that  bears  the  name) 
And  her,  of  Brittany  the  Listing  lame. 
Each  virtue  woman  hfis  been  found  to  know, 
Since  fire  was  seen  to  burn  or  streams  to  flow, 
Since  yon  bright  orbs  have  circled  round  the  pole, 
I  sec  cumpriz'd  in  fair  Renata's  soul." 

Hoole's  Translation. 

Este,  Ippolito,  Cardinal  Ferrara  (-(-  1572),  son  of  Alfonso  and 
Lucrezia.  The  most  munificent  patron  of  literature  of  his  age.  His 
villa  at  Tivoli  and  the  gardens  of  Monte  Cavallo  are  monuments  of 
his  princely  splendour.  Connected,  by  the  marriage  of  his  brother, 
Duke  Ercole,  with  the  crown  of  France,  and  his  niece  being  married 
to  Francois,  Duke  of  Guise,  he  became  French  almost  by  adoption,  and 
was  sent  as  legate  to  France,  where  he  was  loaded  with  honours  and 
benefices.  In  1552,  he  was  appointed  to  the  command  of  the  duchy 
of  Parma  and  the  province  of  Siena  for  Henry  II.  Paul  III.  sent  him 
to  attend  the  Conference  at  Poissy,  and  employed  him  to  detach 
Henry  IV.  from  the  Protestant  faith.  While  he  was  Papal  Legate 
to  France,  in  compliment  to  the  "  Hercule  Gaulois,"  he  took  as  device 
the  apples  of  the  Hesperides,  as  recording  one  of  his  most  honourab'e 
labours.  Motto,  Ab  insomni  non  custodita  dracone,  "  Not  guarded  by 
a  sleeple?s  dragon." 

Domenichi  gave  the  Cardinal  as  device,  the  cuttle  fish,  with  the 
motto,  Sic  tua  non  virtus,  "  So  not  your  virtue  only,"  meaning  that 
as  the  cuttle  fish,  by  its  sweet  odour,  attracts  other  fish  around  it,  so 
the  Cardinal,  by  the  sweetness  and  affability  of  his  disposition,  drew 
all  men  after  him. 

"  And  verily  all  living  creatures  in  the  sea  love  the  smell  of  them 

H 


98  H1ST0EIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

exceedingly  well,  which  is  the  cause  that  fishers  besmeare  and  anoint 
their  nets  with  them,  to  draw  and  allure  fishes  thither."  x 

Este,  Luigi,  Cardinal  (+1586).  Grandson  of  Alfonso  I.  and  of 
Louis  XII,  the  friend  of  Tasso.  He  took  for  device,  the  firmament 
spangled  with  stars  (Fig.  58).  Motto,  In  motu  immotum,  "  Unmoved 
in    movement,"2  which  motto  was   afterwards    applied   to  Cardinal 


Fig.  58.— Cardinal  Luigi  d'  Este. 

Richelieu,  who  remained  firm  and  unmoved  during  all  the  political 
agitations  of  his  ministry. 

A  similar  meaning  is  expressed  by  the  Italian  verse : 

"  Ne  per  mille  rivolte  ancor  son  mosso." 
"Neither  by  a  thousand  revolutions  am  I  moved." 

And  again,  by  Lorenzo  de'  Medici  : 

"  Qnieto  sempre,  e  giammai  non  mutabile 
Fai  e  imrti  ogni  cosa,  e  tutto  muove     . 
Da  te  fermo  motore  iufatigabili." 

Rime  Sacvi. 

"  At  rest  thyself,  yet  active  still, 
Thou  mak'st  and  changest  at  thy  will  ; 
Unmov'd  alone,  thou  movest  all."d 

The  Cardinal  also  used  the  device  of  the  rising  sun.     Motto,  Non 
txorahis  exorior,  "  Not  entreated,  I  arise."4 

1  Pliny,  book  ix.,  eh.  30. 
2  "  II  ne  change  point  d'astiette  dans  tous  les  mouvements  qui  l'agite." — Menestutet;. 

3  "  Thou  art  the  Eocke,  drawest  all  things,  all  do'st  guide, 
Yet  in  deepe  setled  rest  do'st  still  abide. 
Untoueht  with  care,  thou  car'st  for  all  that  be, 
Mov'st  heaven  and  earth,  yet  motion's  not  in  thee." 

T.  Heywood. 

4  "  Je  ne  me  fais  pas  piier  pour  me  lever." — Menesteier. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


99 


A  generous  mind  does  not  wait  for  favours  to  be  asked,  he 
anticipates  them. 

Also,  Prometheus  with  the  sacred  fire  (Fig.  59).  Motto,  AUiora 
"  Higher," — Excelsior,  in  modern  parlance.  Prometheus  only  reached 
the  wheel  of  the  sun,  the  Cardinal  aspires  to  Heaven  itself. 
Prometheus   rose  with   the   torch  extinct,  his  is   illumed  with  the 


"A^flOR/ 


j^&4- 


Fig.  59. — Cardinal  Luigi  d'  Este. 

sacred  light  of  Faith.  Prometheus  was  assisted  by  the  heathen 
goddess  Minerva,  or  human  wisdom ;  he  by  the  divine  light  of  the 
Gospel. 

Este,  Alfonso  II.,  fifth  Duke  (-J--  1597).  Motto,  Excelsa  fir- 
mitudine,  "  By  exalted  firmness."  His  wife  Barbara  (-f-  1572), 
daughter  of  the  Emperor  Ferdinand,  had  a  peacock  on  the  globe; 
motto,  Omnia  vanitas,  "All  is  vanity."  Duke  Alfonso  II.  imprisoned 
Tasso. 

Este,  CLesare  d',  Duke  of  Modena  (-)-  1628).  Device,  the  sun 
between  the  clouds.  Obstanlia  solvet,  "  He  will  get  rid  of  obstacles." 
The  duke  having  met  with  many  obstacles  to  his  designs,  was  not 
wanting  in  courage  to  overcome  them.1 

He  had  also  an  eagle,  with  the  motto,  Nulla  potest  delere  vetustas, 
(Ovid),  "No  age  can  destroy  it;"  alluding  to  the  blazonry  of  the 
House  of  Este. 

Farnese,  Dukes  of  Parma. 

Farnese,  Alessandro,  Pope  Paul  III.  (-}-  1549).     He  took  for 


Menestrier. 


H    2 


100 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


device  the  chameleon  and  the  dolphin  (Fig.  60),  with  the  motto, 
Mature,  conveying  the  same  meaning  as  the  butterfly  and  crab  of 
Augustus,  and  the  dolphin  and  anchor  of  Titus.  Pliny  says :  "  The 
swiftest  of  all  other  living  creatures  whatsoever,  and  not  of  sea-fish 
only,  is  the  dolphin ;  quicker  than  the  flying  fowle,  swifter  than  the 
arrow  shot  out  of  a  bow."  l 


Fig.  60—  l'upe  Paul  III. 

Paul  III.  had  also  the  rainbow  above  the  earth,  with  the  Greek 
words  A'IKHSKPI'NQN,  "  The  lily  of  Justice;"  i.e.,  that  as  the  rain- 
bow brings  serenity  to  a  troubled  sky,  so  will  his  pontificate  be  the 
harbinger  of  peace  and  justice.  The  rainbow  (Iris)  also  alludes  to  the 
blue  lilies  or  Florentine  iris  of  the  Farnese  arms.2 

Farnese,  Alessandro,  Cardinal  (-f  1589).  Grandson  of  Paul  III. 
He  and  Cardinal  Ippolito  de'  Medici  were  the  two  luminaries  of  the 
Papal  Court.  His  device  was  an  arrow  piercing  the  centre  of  a  target 
(Fig.  61),  with  the  motto,  from  Homer,  BAAA'  'WTHS,3  "  Throw 
thus."  As  all  eyes  were  turned  upon  him,  he  meant  to  show  that  he 
should  have  one  mark  or  end  in  view,  and  pursue  it  with  a  steady 
aim,  neither  diverting  from  his  course  nor  acting  by  chance. 

Cardinal  Farnese  also  saying  that  in  the  first  year  of  his  cardinalate 
fortune  had  been  propitious  to  him,  even  in  his  most  secret  wishes, 
Griovio  gave  him  for  device  a  blank  paper,  with  the  motto,   Votis 

1  Book  ix.,  ch.  8. 
2  The  Farnese  arms  are  or,  six  fleurs  3  Beginning  of  a  line  of  Homer's  'Iliad,' 

de  lis  azure,  three,  two,  and  one.  lib.  S. 


AND  WAE-CE1ES. 


101 


suhscribent  fata  secundis,  ''  The  fate3  will  promote  fortunate  vows," 
which  device  the  Cardinal  had  embroidered  upon  his  portiere. 


Fig.  Gl. — Cardinal  Alessandio  Farnese. 

Farnese,  Alessandro,  third  Duke  of  Parma  (-f  1592),  General 


Fig.  62 — Alcs?andro  Farnese,  Duke  of  Turnia. 

of  Philip  II.  in  Flanders — the  "  Prince  of  Parma  "  of   the  Spanish 
Armada,  as  the  old  song  runs  : 

"  Their  men  were  young,  munition  strong, 
And  to  do  us  more  harm-a, 
They  thought  it  meet  to  join  the  fleet, 
All  with  the  Prince  of  Parma." 

Kitson's  Ancient  Songs. 

When  he  went  against  the  Protestants  of  Germany,  he  bore  upon 
Ids  standards  a  thunderbolt  (Fig.  62),  with  the  motto,  Hoc  uno  Jupiter 


102  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

ultor,  "  By  this  only  is  Jupiter  the  avenger ;"  alluding  to  the  thunder- 
bolts of  the  Church,  i.e.,  excommunication. 

Farnese,  Bertoldo.  In  1554,  during  the  war  in  Tuscany, 
Bertoldo,  a  devoted  servant  of  the  hou?e  of  Austria,  fitted  out  a  galley 
at  his  own  expense.  He  was  attacked  by  the  French,  and,  after 
a  gallant  defence,  was  taken  prisoner,  but  released  with  a  heavy 
ransom.  He  returned  home,  having  lost  his  galley  and  his  property ; 
and  then,  to  show  that  his  mind  was  unshaken  by  calamity,  but  that 
he  still  relied  upon  the  help  of  the  Almighty,  be  took  for  device 
a  tower,  with  the  motto,  Nomen  Domini,  "  The  name  of  the  Lord," 
from  Proverbs  xviii.  10,  "The  name  of  the  Lord  is  a  strong  tower; 
the  righteous  runneth  into  it,  and  is  safe." 

Farnese,  Orazio,  Duke  of  Castro  (-f  1553);  married  Diane, 
legitimee  de  France,  Duchesse  d'  Angouleme,  daughter  of  Henry  II. ; 
who  afterwards  espoused  Francois,  eldest  son  of  the  Constable  Mont- 
morency, whom  she  saved  from  the  massacre  of  St.  Bartholomew. 
Henry  IV.  respected  her  so  highly  that  he  said,  "  J'en  crois  plus 
a  votre  parole  qu'  a  mille  pages  d'ecriture."  Diane  died  when  above 
eighty  years  of  age,  having  seen  seven  kings  upon  the  throne  of 
France. 

Orazio  had  for  his  device,  four  sheaves  of  unripe  wheat,  with 
the  motto,  Flavescent,  "They  will  grow  yellow"  (i.e.,  will  ripen), — 
meaning  that  the  youth  of  a  prince  should  aim  at  some  honourable 
or  useful  maturity. 

Farnese,  Ottavio,  second  Duke  of  Parma  (-j-1586).  Married 
Margaret  of  Austria  (see),  natural  daughter  of  Charles  V.,  and  widow 
of  the  Grand  Duke  Cosmo  de'  Medici.  He  was  brother  to  Cardinal 
Alexander,  and  Orazio,  Duke  of  Castro.  For  device  he  took  the  club, 
the  clue  of  thread,  and  the  three  small  balls  of  pitch  which  Theseus 
was  instructed  to  provide  himself  with  for  his  expedition  against  the 
Minotaur.  Motto,  His  artibus,  "By  these  arts;"  that  is,  in  order 
to  attain  the  summit  of  military  glory,  there  required  prudence, 
represented  by  the  clue,  which  enabled  Theseus  to  find  his  way  out  of 
the  labyrinth ;  cunning,  figured  by  the  balls  of  pitch,  which  he  threw 
to  the  Minotaur,  who,  swallowing  them,  could  not  open  his  mouth  ;  and 
force,  the  club  with  which  he  slew  him.  The  labyrinth  itself,  figures 
difficulties  to  be  overcome. 

Ottavio  also  took  Mount  Olympus.     Motto,  Nubes  exceclit,  "  Is 


AND  WAR-CEIES.  103 

higher  than  the  clouds." l  Kising  above  the  clouds,  winds  and  rain  cannot 
reach  it,  so  his  thoughts  soared  beyond  earth  and  are  nearer  heaven." 2 

Fatjchet,  Claude  (-j-  16U1),  the  zealous  collector  of  the  ancient 
Chronicles  of  France,  took  for  device  the  rebus  of  his  name,  a  sickle 
(fauche),  with  the  motto,  Sparsa  et  neglecta  colgi,  "  I  have  gathered 
the  scattered  and  neglected." 3 

Fieschi,  Sinibaldo  and  Ottoboni.  To  signify  the  revenge 4  they 
had  taken  for  the  death  of  their  brother  Girolamo,  who  had  been 
cruelly  murdered  by  the  Fregosi,  they  took  for  device  an  elephant 
attacked  by  a  dragon,  in  which  encounter  they  both  are  killed.5  The 
dragon  gives  the  elephant  a  mortal  bite,  and  the  elephant  presses  itself 
against  a  tree  with  such  force  as  to  crush  its  adversary.  The  motto 
in  Spanish,  Non  vos  alabareis, "  You  will  not  exult  over  us,"  meaning 
that  the  Fregosi  had  no  cause  for  exultation. 

For  their  device  of  the  kingfisher,  see  Orange,  William  op. 

Sinibaldo  had,  also,  as  an  impresa  d'amore,  the  mariner's  compass, 
with  the  pole-star.  Motto,  Aspicit  unam,  "  He  looks  to  one  alone,"  to 
show  that  as  the  loadstone  points  only  to  one  star  in  the  heavens, 
where  all  are  beautiful,  so  his  affections  were  equally  fixed  upon  one 
alone.6 

Ottoboni  was  implicated  in  the  celebrated  conspiracy  of  the  Fieschi 
against  Andrea  Doria  and  his  house. 

Flnet,  Okonce  (-j-  1555).     The   celebrated  mathematician;   he 

1  Nubes  excedit  Olympus  (Lucan).  an  high  tree  and  launceth  himselfe  upon 

2  "  0  che  fia  piu  cli  rue  vicino  a  Dio."  him,    but    the    elephant    knowing   well 
— A.  Caro.  enough  he  is  not  able  to  withstand  his 

3  '  Devises  royales  et  historiques,'  G.  windings  and  lcnottings  about  him,  seek- 
Eenouard.  etli  to  come  close  to  some  trees  or  hard 

4  They  had  slain  four  of  the  Fregnsi.  rocks,  and  so  for  to  crush  and  squeese 

5  "  India  bringeth  forth  the  biggest  the  dragon  between  him  and  them.  The 
(elephants),  as  also  the  dragons,  that  arc  dragons  ware  hereof,  entangle  and  snaie 
continually  at  variance  with  them,  and  his  feet  and  legs  first  with  their  taile ; 
evermore  fighting,  and  those  of  such  the  elephants  on  the  other  side,  undoe 
greatnesse,  that  they  can  easily  clasp  and  those  knots  with  their  trunke  as  with  a 
wind  round  the  elephants,  and  withall  hand,  but  to  prevent  that  againe,  the 
tye  them  fast  -with  a  knot.  In  this  con-  dragons  put  in  their  heads  into  their 
flict  they  die,  both  the  one  and  the  other ;  snout,  and  so  stop  their  wind,  and  withall 
the  elephant  hee  falls  downe  dead  as  fret  and  gnaw  the  tenderest  parts  that 
conquered,  and  with  his  heavie  weight  they  find  there." — Book  viii.,  ch.  12. 
crusheth  and  squeaseth  the  dragon  that  6  The  same  device,  with  1he  motto, 
is  wound  and  wreathed  about  him." —  Nunca  oltra,  "  Never  another,''  was  borne 
Book  viii.,  ch.  11.  by  Don   Garzia   de   Toledo,  Viceroy  of 

Also  the  dragon  "assaileth  him  from      Catalonia. 


104 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


took  for  motto,  Virescit  vulnere  virtus,  "  Virtue  grows  green  (i.e., 
flourishes)  with  a  wound,"  in  allusion  to  the  imprisonment  and  per- 
secution he  met  with,  as  being  one  of  those  who  refused  to  receive 
the  concordat  sent  by  Francis  I.  to  the  University. 

Foix.  After  a  war  of  eighty  years  (began  121J0)  with  the  Counts 
of  Armagnac,  the  succession  to  Beam  was  settled  in  the  Counts  of  Foix, 
by  the  marriage  of  Beatrix  d'Armagnac  with  the  son  of  Gaston  Phoebus, 
Count  of  Foix. 

The  arms  of  Foix  are  quarterly,  1  and  4  Foix,  or,  3  pales  gules  ;  2  and 

3  Beam,  or,  2  cows  passant  gules,  homed, 
collared,  and  belled  azure  Some  say 
these  arms  are  emblematical  of  the  rich- 
ness of  the  country  ;  others,  that  they 
were  assumed  by  Eoger,  Prince  of  Foix, 
who,  having  found  the  body  of  Saint 
Volusien,  Apostle  of  the  Gascons,  who 
had  been  killed  by  the  Arian  heretics, 
caused  it  to  be  laid  in  his  own  car, 
which,  according  to  the  custom  of  the 
country,  was  drawn  by  two  cows,  and 
conveyed  to  its  place  of  sepulture.  In 
memory  of  the  Saint,  Eoger  placed  the 
two  cows  upon  his  escutcheon l  (Fig.  63). 

Foix,  Gaston  III.,  Comte  de  (-{-  1391),  surnamed  Phoebus,  some 
say  on  account  of  his  beauty,  others  because  he  was  fair  as  the  god  of 
day,  of  whom  he  borrowed  the  sun  as  a  device.  Some  writers  assert 
that  he  was  fond  of  astrology  ;  that  it  was  from  this  passion  that  he 
adopted  the  sun  as  emblem ;  and  that  he  would  hear  no  other  name 
than  that  of  Phoebus,  by  which  he  is  usually  designated.  He  received 
Charles  VI.  with  great  magnificence  at  his  chateau  of  Mazeres. 
Hunting  was  his  favourite  pursuit.  He  is  said  to  have  kept  1,600 
dogs  ;  and  he  wrote  a  work  upon  hunting.  His  motto  was,  Toequoy 
si  gauses  (Touches  y  si  tu  I'osiis). 

Foix,  Peter,  Cardinal  de  (-f-  1490),  brother  of  Henry  I.,  King  of 
Navarre.     Servire  Deo,  regnare  est,  "  To  serve  God  is  to  reign." 

Foix,  Odet  de  Foix,  Sieur  de  Lautrec,  Marshal  of  France 
(-f-  1528).     The  brave  but  vain  General  of  Louis  XII.  and  Francis  I. 


Fig.  63. — Aims  of  Beam. 


De  Coslc, '  Elogcs  de  nos  rois  qui  out  estc  Daufins.'    Paris,  ltilo. 


AND  WAR-CE1ES.  105 

At  Ravenna  he  fought  by  the  side  of  his  cousin,  Gaston  de  Foix,  and 
received  twenty-two  wounds.  He  replaced  the  Constable  Bourbon  in 
the  Government  of  the  Milanese ;  and  his  defeat  at  Bicoco  compelled 
the  French  to  evacuate  Italy.  The  influence  of  his  sister,  Madame  de 
Chateaubriant,  saved  him  from  the  anger  of  Francis,  with  whom  he 
fought  at  the  battle  of  Pavia,  which  was  made  against  his  advice.  In 
1527,  lie  again  assumed  the  command  in  Italy,  took  Pavia,  and  entered 
the  city  through  the  breach  on  horseback ;  laid  siege  to  Naples,  where 
he  died.     He  was  a  good  soldier,  but  a  bad  governor. 

When  governor  of  Milan,  Lautrec  offended  the  Italian  nobles  by 
his  pride,  for  which  he  was  reproached  by  the  lady  of  his  affections, 
in  consequence  of  which  he  discontinued  the  red  cow  and  bells,  the 
ancient  badge  of  his  house,  and  took  for  device  a  furnace,  with  a  large 
fire  inside,  and  volumes  of  smoke  issuing  from  the  top.  Motto,  Dov'  e 
granfuoco,  e  gran  fumo,  "  "Where  there  is  great  fire,  there  is  great 
smoke,"  implying  that  if  he  made  a  great  show  of  pride,  his  merits 
gave  him  reason  for  having  it.  Being  considered  a  person  of  fierce 
appearance,  Lautrec  took  fur  device  a  panther,  with  the  motto,  Allicit 
ulterius, "  He  entices  further,"  alluding  to  the  attractive  power  of  that 
animal,  notwithstanding  its  fierce  exterior — an  evidence  that  he  had 
as  much  vanity  as  ambition. 

So  Spenser — 

"  The  panther,  knowing  that  his  spotted  hide 

Doth  please  all  beasts,  but  that  h:s  looks  them  fray, 
Within  a  bush  his  dreadful  he.id  doth  hide 

To  let  them  gaze,  while  he  on  them  may  prey." 

Spenser,  Sonnet. 

Pliny  says  :  "  It  is  said  that  all  four-footed  beasts  are  wonderfully 
delighted  and  enticed  by  the  smell  of  panthers  ;  but  their  hideous  looke 
and  crabbed  countenance,  which  they  bewray  so  soone  as  they  show 
their  heads,  skareth  them  as  much  againe  :  and  therefore  their  manner 
is.  to  hide  their  heads,  and  when  they  have  trained  other  beasts  within 
their  reach  by  their  sweet  savour,  they  flee  upon  them  and  worrie 
them."  1 

And  again,  Sir  William  Segar 2  says  :  (i  The  panther  is  admired  of 
all  other  beasts  for  the  beauty  of  his  skyn,  being  spotted  with  variable 
colours,  and  beloved  and  followed  of  them  for  the  sweetness  of  his 
1  Book  viii ,  eh.  17.  2  Harl.  MS.  6085. 


106  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

breath,  that  streameth  forth  of  his  nostrils  and  ears  like  smoke,  which 
our  paynters  mistaking,  corruptly  doe  make  fire." 

Fouquet,  Nicholas  (-J-  1680).  The  celebrated  "  surintendant  des 
finances  "  took  for  his  device  a  squirrel 1  (Fig.  64).  Motto,  Quo  non 
ascendam  f  "  Whither  shall  I  not  rise  ?  "     These  squirrels  were  placed 


Fig.  64.— Nicholas  Fouquet. 

all  over  his  chateau  at  Vaux,  and  the  ambition  of  the  device  served  to 
increase  the  anger  of  the  king.  The  courtiers  remarked  that  the 
squirrel  was  everywhere  represented  pursued  by  a  viper,  the  arms  of 
Colbert.2  In  a  manuscript  quoted  by  Cambry  the  two  rival  ministers 
are  alluded  to  by  their  devices : 

Le  petit  escurieux  est  pour  long  temps  en  cage,3 
Le  le'zard,  plus  adroit,  joue  mieux  son  personnage ; 4 
Et  le  plus  fin  des  trois  est  un  vilain  serpent,5 
Qui  s'abaissaut  s"e'leve,  et  s'avance  en  rampant. 

France,  Devices  and  Badges  of  the  Kings  of. 

St.  Louis  took  for  his  device  the  daisy  and  the  fleur-de-lis,  out 
of  compliment  to  his  wife,  Marguerite  de  Provence,  and  in  allusion  to 
his  own  armorial  bearings.  He  caused  a  ring  to  be  made,  round 
which  was  a  wreath  of  daisies  and  fleurs-de-lis,  enamelled  in  relief, 
and  on  a  sapphire  the  two  flowers  were  engraved,  with  this  inscription : 
— "  Hors  cest  anel,  point  n'ay  amour  ;"  implying  that  all  his  thoughts 
and  affections  were  centred  in  his  wife  and  his  country. 

1  Arms,  argent,  a  squirrel  rampant  gules.  a  Voltaire,  '  Siecle  de  Louis  XIV.' 

3  Fouquet.  *  Le  Tellier.  5  Colbert. 


AND  WAE-CRIES. 


107 


On  the  occasion  of  his  marriage,  in  1234,  St.  Louis  instituted  the 
order  of  the  "  Cosse  de  Genest "  (Fig.  65),  and,  as  an  emblem  of  his 
humility,  selected  for  his  badge  the  broom  flower,  with  a  suitable  motto, 
Exaltat  humiles,  "  He  exalteth  the  humble."  The  collar  of  the 
order  was  composed  of  broom  flowers,  enamelled  white  and  green, 
intermixed  with  fleurs-de-lis. 

This  order  appears  to  have  been  long  held  in  estimation,  for,  as 


Fig.  65. — Order  of  the  Cosse  de  Genest. 


late  as  the  reign  of  Charles  VI.,  we  find  a  charge  in  the  accounts  of 
the  "  Argentier  du  Eoi,"  for  four  collars  of  the  Cosse  de  Genest,  sent 
to  England  as  presents  to  King  Kichard  IT.  and  his  uncles,  the  dukes 
of  Lancaster,  Gloucester,  and,  as  he  is  styled,  the  "  Due  d'Yhorst." 
Again  the  order  occurs  in  the  royal  accounts,  1393 — "  Deux  cosses 
de  geneste  pendan  en  chacun  d'iceulx  colliers  l'une  esmaillee  de  blanc 
et  l'autre  de  vert"  (Comptes  Royaux) ;  and  in  1395 — "  Deux  cosses 
pendans  au  bout  de  couronnes,  l'une  esmaillee  de  blanc  et  l'autre  de 
vert "  (Ibid).     The  word  "  Jamais "  was  repeated  on  the  collar. 

John,  "  Le  Bon,"  the  prisoner  of  Poitiers,  had   two  swans  for 
supporters,1  and  took,  as  his  device,  a  star  crowned,  with  the  motto, 


1  Louis  XI.  had  two  dragons  for  sup- 
porters. Of  his  predecessors,  Philip 
Augustus  took  two  lions,  and  Louis 
VIII.  two  wild  boars.  Of  the  successors 
of  St.  Louis,  Philip  III.,  Le  Hardi,  had 
two  eagles ;  Philip  V.,  Le  Long,  two 
lions;    and,    for    Navarre,   eight   escar- 


buucles.  Charles  IV.,  Le  Bel,  bore  two 
lions  le'oparde's,  and  the  escarbuncles  for 
Navarre.  Philip  VI.,  de  Valois,  had  two 
greyhounds.  He  also  took  a  single  lion, 
and  sometimes  a  single  angel. — M.  Rey, 
Histoire  des  Couleurs  et  des  Tnsignes  de  la 
Monarchic  Fran;aise.     Paris,  1S37. 


108 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


Monstrant  regibus  astra  viam,  "  Stars  show  the  way  to  kings,"  in 
allusion  to  the  star  that  led  the  three  kings  to  Bethlehem  (Fig.  66). 
After  the  example  of  Edward  III ,  who  had  instituted  the  order  of  the 
Garter,  John  established  that  of  the  Star.  The  knights  wore  no 
collar,  but  on  their  rnmtle  was  embroidered  a  bine  star,  cantonned 


Kig.  66. — Julin. 


with  the  letters  M.B.A.V.,  the  initials  of  the  king's  motto.  They 
also  wore  a  ring,  with  a  star  enamelled  upon  it.2 

Charles  V.,  "  Le  Sage."  First  dauphin  of  France,  by  virtue  of 
the  bequest  of  Humbert,  Count  of  Viennois. 

The  motto  of  Charles  V.  was  Rede  et  fortiter,  "  Eightly  and 
bravely ;"  his  supporters,  two  greyhounds  azure,  and  afterwards  two 
dolphins. 

Charles  VI,  "  Le  Bien  Servi,"  took  for  device  a  flying  stag,  with 
a  collar  of  gold  round  its  neck,  and  the  motto,  Csesar  hoc  mihi  donavit, 
"  This  Cassar  gave  to  me."  Juvenal  des  Ursins  relates  that  the  king, 
wlien  hunting  in  the  forest  of  Senlis,  found  a  stag  wearing  a  chain  of 
copper  gilt  round  its  neck.  The  stag  was  taken  alive,  and  on  the 
collar  was  the  above  inscription.  From  that  time  the  king  adopted 
the  flying  stag,  and  bore  two  of  them  as  supporters  to  his  arms, 
having  previously  used  two  angels. 


1  For  mostrant,  read  monstrant. 

2  "  Et  porteront  coutinuellement  un 
Annel  en  tour  la  verge  duquel  sera 
escript  leur  nom  ct  surnom,  auquel  annel 
aura  un  Esinail  plus  vermeil,  en  l'esinail 


une  estoile  blanche,  au  milieu  de  l'Estoile 
une  rondeur  d'azur,  un  petit  Soleil  d'or." 
—  Circular  letter  of  John  II.  to  the  nobles 
upon  ivhom  he  intended  conferring  the 
order.     Chambrc  des  Comptes,  Paris. 


AND   WAR-CRIES.  109 

Froissart  gives  a  different  account  of  the  origin  of  this  device. 

"It  happened,"  he  relates,  "that  during  the  residence  of  the 
young  King  Charles  at  Senlis,  as  he  was  sleeping  in  his  hed,  a  vision 
appeared  to  him.  He  thought  he  was  in  the  city  of  Arras,  where, 
until  then,  he  had  never  been,  attended  by  all  the  flower  of  his 
kingdom ;  that  the  Earl  of  Flanders  came  there  to  him,  and  placed 
on  his  wrist  a  most  beautiful  and  elegant  pilgrim-falcon,  saying,  '  My 
lord,  in  God's  name  I  give  this  falcon  to  you,  for  ihe  best  that  was 
ever  seen,  the  most  indefatigable  hunter,  and  the  most  excellent  striker 
of  birds.'  The  king  was  much  pleased  with  the  present,  and  said, 
'  Fair  consin,  I  give  you  my  thanks.'  He  then  turned  to  the  Con- 
stable of  France,1  who  was  near  him,  and  said,  '  Sir  Oliver,  let  you 
and  I  go  to  the  plains,  and  try  this  elegant  falcon  which  my  cousin 
of  Flanders  has  given  me.'  When  the  constable  answered,  '  Well,  let 
us  go.'  Then  each  mounted  their  horses,  and  went  into  the  fields, 
taking  the  falcon  with  them,  where  they  found  plenty  of  herons  to  fly 
him  at.  The  king  said,  '  Constable,  cast  off  the  falcon,  and  we 
shall  see  how  he  will  hunt.'  The  constable  let  him  fly,  and  the  falcon 
mounted  so  high  in  the  air  they  could  scarcely  see  him.  He  took  the 
direction  towards  Flanders.  'Let  us  ride  after  my  bird,'  said  the 
king  to  the  constable,  'for  I  will  not  lose  him.'  The  constable 
assented,  and  they  rode  on,  as  it  appeared  to  the  king,  through  a 
large  marsh,  when  they  came  to  a  wood,  on  which  I  he  king  cri<d  out, 
'  Dismount,  dismount,  we  cannot  pass  this  wood  on  horseback.'  They 
then  dismounted,  when  some  servants  came  and  took  their  horses. 
The  king  and  constable  entered  the  wood  with  much  difficulty,  and 
watched  on  until  they  came  to  an  extensive  heath,  where  they  saw 
the  falcon  chasing  herons,  and  striking  them  down ;  but  they  resisted, 
and  there  was  a  battle  between  them.  It  seemed  to  the  king  that  his 
falcon  performed  gallantly,  and  drove  the  birds  before  him  so  far  that 
he  lost  sight  of  him.  This  much  vexed  the  king,  as  well  as  the 
impossibility  of  following  him ;  and  he  said  to  the  constable,  '  I  shall 
lose  my  falcon,  which  I  shall  very  much  regret ;  for  I  have  neither 
lure  nor  anything  else  to  call  him  back.'  Whilst  the  king  was  in  this 
anxiety,  he  thought  a  beautiful  hart,  with  two  wings,  appeared  to 
issue  out  of  the  wood,  and  come  to  this  heath,  and  bend  himself  down 
before  the  king,  who  said  to  the  constable,  as  he  regarded  this  wonder 

1  Olivier  de  Clisson.     He  led  the  vanguard  at  Rosbec. 


110 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


with  delight,  '  Constable,  do  you  remain  here,  and  I  will  mount  this 
hart  that  offers  itself  to  me,  and  follow  my  bird.'  The  constable 
agreed  to  it,  and  the  young  king  joyfully  mounted  the  hart,  and  went 
seeking  the  falcon.  The  hart,  like  one  well  tutored  to  obey  the  king's 
pleasure,  carried  him  over  the  tops  of  the  highest  trees,  when  he  saw 
his  falcon  striking  down  such  numbers  of  birds  that  he  marvelled  how 
he  could  do  it.  It  seemed  to  the  king  that  when  the  falcon  had 
sufficiently  flown,  and  struck  down  enough  of  the  herons,  he  called 
him  back,  and  instantly,  as  if  well  taught,  he  perched  on  the  king's 


Fig.  67.— Charles  VI. 

wrist ;  when  it  seemed  to  him  that  after  he  had  taken  the  falcon  by 
its  lure,  and  given  him  his  reward,  the  hart  flew  back  again  over  the 
wood,  and  replaced  the  king  on  the  same  heath  whence  he  had  carried 
him,  and  where  the  constable  was  waiting,  who  was  much  rejoiced  at 
his  return.  On  his  arrival,  he  dismounted,  the  hart  returned  to  the 
wood,  and  was  no  more  seen.  The  king  then,  as  he  imagined,  related 
to  the  constable  how  well  the  hart  had  carried  him ;  that  he  had 
never  rode  so  easy  before  in  his  life ;  and  also  the  goodness  of  his 
falcon,  who  had  struck  him  down  such  numbers  of  birds ;  to  all  which 
the  constable  willingly  listened.  The  servants  then  seemed  to  come 
after  them  with  their  horses,  which,  having  mounted,  they  followed  a 
magnificent  road  that  brought  them  back  to  Arras.     The  king,  at  this 


AND  WAK-CRIES.  Ill 

part,  awakened,  much  astonished  at  the  vision  he  had  seen,  which  was 
so  imprinted  on  his  memory,  that  he  told  it  to  some  of  his  attendants 
who  were  waiting  in  his  chamber.  The  figure  of  this  hart  was  so 
agreeable  to  him,  that  he  could  not  put  it  out  of  his  imagination;  and 
this  was  the  cause  why,  on  his  expedition  to  Flanders  against  the 
Flemings,  he  took  a  flying  hart  for  his  device  " '  (Fig.  67). 

The  sun  also  appears  to  have  been  one  of  the  devices  of  Charles  VI. 
Froissart,  in  describing  the  tournament  given  on  the  occasion  of 
Queen  Isabella's  entry  into  Paris,  states  that  "  a  brilliant  sun  dis- 
persing its  way  through  the  heavens  "  was  the  king's  device.  There 
were  thirty  knights,  including  the  king,  who  styled  themselves 
Knights  of  the  Golden  Sun,  all  sumptuously  apparelled,  and  each 
bore  on  his  shield  a  splendid  sun. 

Charles  YII.,  "  Le  Victorieux,"  used  the  flying  stags  of  his 
father  for  supporters,  and  had  as  his  emblem,  a  thorny  rosebush. 
At  his  entry  into  Rouen  he  bore  golden  suns.2 

Louis  XI.  had  the  flying  stags  for  supporters,  and  afterwards  two 
eagles.  Finally,  he  adopted  the  image  of  St.  Michael  as  his  special 
emblem.  His  father  Charles  VII.,  had  borne  the  image  of  this  saint 
on  his  standard,  when  he  took  the  field,  in  consequence,  it  is  said,  of 
the  appearance  of  St  Michael  on  the  bridge  of  Orleans,  defending  the 
city  against  an  assault  of  the  English.  In  obedience  to  the  testa- 
mentary directions  of  his  father,  Louis  XI.  instituted  the  Order  of 
St.  Michael.3 

Charles  VIII.  His  motto  was,  Si  Deus  pro  nobis,  quis  contra 
nos  ?     "If  God  be  with  us,  who  shall  be  against  us  ?" 

1  Froissart,  Book  ii.,  eh.  104,  Joline's  the  royal  escutcheon  to  three. 
Translation.  His  uncle,  Philip  the  Bold,  3  The  collar  was  composed  of  escallop 
Duke  of  Burgundy,  made  use  of  this  shells,  interlaced  with  double  kuots,  and 
vision  to  urge  Charles  to  march  against  from  it  hung  a  medallion  representing 
the  revolted  Flemings,  declaring  it  a  St.  Michael  and  the  dragon.  The  motto 
presage  of  success,  as  was  realised  by  the  of  the  order  was,  Immensi  tremor  oceani, 
gain  of  the  battle  of  Rosbec,  in  which  "The  trembling  of  the  immeasurable 
Philip  von  Arteveld  was  slain.  ocean.'' 

2  Lancelot,  oue  of  the  knaves  in  "  1488.  A  collar  of  cokkilschellis  con- 
playing-cards,  bears  a  sun  upon  his  coat-  tenand  xxiii.  schellis  of  gold." — Inventory 
of-arms,  a  proof,  among  others,  of  the  0f  Jewels  of  James  III.  The  Royal 
antiquity  of  the  game.  Wardrobe  and  Jewel  House,  14S8— 1606, 

Louis  XI.  coined  "  Escus  du  Soleil,"  to      Edinburgh, 
which  Massinger  alludes —  "  1539.  The  ordoure  of  France  of  the 

"  Present  your  bag  Cokill  and  ganct  Michael."— Invent ory  of 

Crammed  with  crowns  of  the  Sun.'  T  Tr      T1  .  . 

James  V.     Ibid. 
Charles  YI.  reduced  the  fleurs-de-lis  in 


112  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

The  letter  K,  surmounted  by  a  crown,  was  embroidered  upon  the 
surcoats  of  the  archers  of  the  guard,  and  upon  his  standards.1  He 
used  as  supporters,  the  winged  stags,  two  crosses  of  Jerusalem,  and 
also 'two  unicorns. 

Louis  XII.,  "  Pere  du  Peuple."  In  1397,  his  grandfather,  Louis, 
Duke  of  Orleans,  instituted  the  Order  of  the  Porcupine,  and  on  the 
occasion,  of  the  baptism  of  his  son  Charles,  he  took  this  animal  as  his 
emblem,  with  the  motto,  Cominus  et  eminus,  '•  Near  and  afar," 
alluding  to  the  vulgar  error  that  the  porcupine  is  able,  not  only  to 
defend  itself  from  close  attack,  but  can  throw  its  quills  against  more 
distant  assailants ; 2  Duke  Louis  meaning  thereby  to  convey  that  he 
could  defend  himself  with  his  own  weapons,  and  that  he  could  attack 
his  enemy,  John,  Duke  of  Burgundy,  as  well  at  a  distance  as  near. 
Perhaps,  too,  he  may  have  referred  to  his  distant  hope  of  inheriting 
from  his  brother  (Charles  VI.)  the  crown  of  France.3 

Louis  XII.  abolished  the  order  after  his  accession,  but  retained  the 
hereditary  badge  of  his  family  (Fig.  68),  and  took  two  porcupines  for 
his  supporters.  His  cannon  were  marked  with  the  porcupine,4  and  his 
golden  "  ecus  au  pore  epic  "  were  much  sought  after  by  the  curious.5 

In  his  expedition  against  the  Genoese,  Louis  XII.  is  described  by 
Montfaucon   as   arrayed,  as  well   as  his  horse,  in  white  vestments, 

1  "1498.  Une  couverture  a  chariot  3  Markham  says  that  Louis  XII.  took 
branlant,  cle  velours  cramoisy,  seme'e  cle  the  motto,  Vultos  avos  Tio're. — The  Bool; 
cordelieres  et  cle  lettres  cle  K  et  A  cle       of  Honour,    l.ond.,  1G23. 

drap  d'or  raz  et  plat." — Inventaire  cle  la  4  "139G.  "  C'est  le  compte  de  la  nef 

Boyne  Anne  de  Bretagne.  cle    Porque'py    faite    par    Hance    Croist 

2  Wilars  cle  Honnecort,  a  writer  of  the  orfevre,  varlet  de  chambre  cle  MS.  le 
thirteenth  century,  in  his  album,  pre-  Due  d'Oileans." — Inventaire  cles  Dues  de 
served  in  the  Imperial  Library  at  Paris,  Bourgogne. 

gives  a  picture  of  the  porcupine,  with  In   the   inventory  of  the  jewels  and 

this  legend  underneath — "  Vesci  I.  pore  artillery  in  the  Castle  of  Edinburgh,  in 

espi,  cVst  une  biestelete  qui  lance  ce  soie  157S,  are — 

quant  elle  est  corecie."  "  Ane  cannon  of  the  fonte  markit  with 

"1136.  On  the  submission  of  Paris  the  the  porkep.c' 

Constable  Puchemont  goes  to  dine  at  the  "  Ane  uther  moyane  of  the  fonte  markit 

Duke  of  Orleans'  '  Hotel  du  Pore-epic,'  with  the  porkepik,"  &c. 

and  in  143S  the  order  is  conferred  upon  5  The  historian  Mc'zerai  always  kept 

a  lady  (Mademoiselle  de  Murat).  one  in  his  pocket.     He  used  to  say,  "  Je 

"  1440.  On  the  release  of  the  Duke  of  conserve  cet  ecu  du  bon  roi  Louis,  pour 
Orleans  from  his  twenty-five  years'  cap-  payer  ma  place  quand  j'irai  voir  pendre 
tivity,  and  his  marriage  with  the  sister  le  premier  financier  du  temps.  Summum 
of  the  Duke  of  Burgundy,  the  two  jus,  summa  injuria,  "  The  loftiest  justice, 
princes  interchanged  their  respective  the  deepest  injury.''  Me'zerai  meant  Col- 
orders." — Barante.  bert. — Loire  Hislorique. 


AND  WAE-CRIES. 


113 


covered  with  hives  and  bees  of  gold,  with  the  motto,  Non  utitur 
aculeo  rex, "  The  king  does  not  use  a  sting."1 

Louis  XII.  marked  with  a  red  cross  the  names  of  his  enemies 
when  he  came  to  the  crown,  that  lie  might  remember  to  make  them 


Fig.  6*. — Louis  XII. 


the  special  objects  of  his  beneficence.  This  caused  a  great  panic  at 
court,  upon  which  he  had  a  medal  struck  with  this  inscription,  Rubra 
Crux  salutis  signum,  albaque  Francorum,  "  The  red  cross  is  the  sign 
of  salvation,  the  white  that  of  the  Franks," — i.e.,  French. 

Anne  op  Bretagne  (-(-1513),  Queen  of  Charles  VIII.,  and  after- 
wards of  Louis  XI T.,  adopted  the  ermine  (Fig.  69),  the  ancient  hereditary 
device  of  her  duchy,  with  the  motto,  Mdlo  mori  quam  foedari,  "  Better 
to  die  than  be  sullied,"  or  as  the  French  render  it,  "  Plutot  mourir 
que  souiller." 

Anne  appears,  however,  more  frequently  to  have  used  the  motto  of 
the  Breton  order  of  the  ermine,  "  A  ma  vie."  We  find  the  ermine 
with  this  last  legend  in  her  celebrated  "Livre  d'heures."  It  was 
placed  on  the  "  herse,"  erected  at  Nantes,  after  her  death,  to  receive 
her  heart ;  and  on  a  fountain  in  the  market-place  of  Tours  may  still 


1  "  Whether  the  king  of  bees  alone 
hath  no  sting,  and  is  armed  only  with 
majestic?  or  whether  nature  hath  be- 
stowed a  sting  upon  him,  and  denied 
him  only  the  use  thereof?    For  certain 


it  is,  that  this  great  commander  over 
the  rest  does  nothing  with  his  sting, 
and  yet  a  wonder  it  is  to  see  liow  they 
all  readily  obey  him." — Punt,  book  xi., 
ch.  17. 


114 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


be  seen,  on  one  side,  the  porcupine  of  Louis  XII.,  and  on  the  other 
the  ermine  of  Queen  Anne,  with  the  motto,  "  A  ma  vie." ' 

After  the  death  of  Charles  VIIL,  who  had  compelled  her,  sword  in 
hand,  to  marry  him,  that  he  might  unite  the  rich  inheritance  of  the 
"  fiere  Bretonne  "  to  the  crown,  Aune  attired  herself  in  black,  departing 
from  the  customary  usage  of  wearing  white  mourning,  which  had 


Fig.  69.— Anne  de  Bretagne. 

acquired  in  France,  for  queens-dowager,  the  appellation  of  "reines 
blanches."  She  encircled  her  arms  with  the  cordeliere,  or  cord  of 
St.  Francis,  which  she  afterwards  converted  into  an  order  for  widow 
ladies,2  and  declared  she  would  follow  her  husband  to  the  grave.  Nine 
months  afterwards  the  "  Reine  Duchesse  "  accepted  the  hand  of  his 
successor.     The  cordeliere?  however,  still  encircled  her  arms,  and  on 


1  Sylvanus  Morgan  says — ' '  The  er- 
mine is  a  creature  of  so  pure  a  nature, 
that  it  will  choose  rather  to  be  taken 
than  defile  its  skin." — Sphere  of  Gentry. 
It  is  said,  the  hunters  surround  it  with  a 
wall  of  mud,  which  it  will  not  attempt  to 
cross,  and  therefore  becomes  an  easy  prey. 
Hence  the  ermine  is  the  emblem  of 
purity,  and  of  honour  without  stain. 
The  robes  of  royal  and  noble  persons  are 
lined  with  ermine  to  signify  the  internal 
purity  that  should  regulate  their  conduct. 
See  Naples,  Ferdinand  I. 

2  The  Chevalieres  de  la  Cordeliere  were 
instituted  in  149S.  Anne  adopted  this 
name  in  honour  of  St.  Francis,  the  patron 
saint  of  her  father.  The  badge,  a  silver 
cord  of  true  lovers'  knots,  with  large  knots 


between,  was  placed  round  their  arms.  It 
W;'S  given  only  to  ladies  of  nobility,  and 
of  irreproachable  conduct.  The  motto,  a 
rebus,  "  J'ai  le  corps  delie'  " — cordelier. 
The  cordelier  still  encircles  the  escut- 
cheon of  widows. 

3  "  In  the  maritime  war  between 
England  and  Fiance,  in  1512,  Anne 
armed  a  fleet  at  Brest,  and  the  principal 
ship,  which  she  built  at' her  own  expense, 
and  which  earned,  it  is  said,  100  guns 
and  1200  men,  was  called  La  Cordeliere. 
In  an  engagement  with  the  English,  the 
ship  took  fire;  its  commander,  a  Breton, 
named  Primoqiiet,  directed  it  towards 
that  of  the  English  admiral,  and  both 
blew  up  together."— Daku,  Histoire  de 
Bretagne. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


115 


her  death,  the  black  hangings  of  the  chamber  in  which  she  lay  are 
described  as  enriched  with  "  des  cordelieres  de  sa  devise." 

Mary  Tudor  (-(-1534),  second  wife  of  Louis  XII.,  afterwards 
married  to  Charles  Brandon,  Duke  of  Suffolk.  Her  motto,  which 
was  placed  upon  her  herse,  was,  "  La  volonte  de  Dieu  me  soffit." 

Francis  I.  His  well-known  device  was  the  salamander,  sur- 
rounded by  flames,  with  the  motto,  Nutrisco  et  extinguo,  "  I  nourish 
and  extinguish"  (Fig.  70),  alluding  to  the  belief  current  in  the  middle 


Fig.  70. — Francis  I. 


ages  that  the  salamander  had  the  faculty  of  living  in  fire  j1  and  also, 
according  to  Pliny,  of  extinguishing  it.  He  says — "  He  is  of  so  cold 
a  complexion,  that  if  hee  doe  but  touch  the  fire,  hee  will  quench  it  as 
presently  as  if  yce  were  put  into  it." 2 

This  motto  appears  to  be  a  somewhat  obscure  rendering  of  one 
on  a  medal  of  Francis,  when  Comte  d'Angouleme,  dated  1512  :3 
"  Nutrisco  el  buono,  stengo  el  reo,"  meaning  that  a  good  prince 
protects  the  good  and  expels  the  bad.  Some  insist  that  it  was  the 
motto  of  his  father;  while  Mezerai  tells  us  that  it  was  his  tutor, 
GouflSer,  Marquis  de  Boisy,  who,  seeing  the  violent  and  ungovernable 
spirit  of  his  pupil,  not  unmixed  with  good  and  useful  impulses,  selected 


1  "  Une  bieste  i  r'a  SaLnnandre, 
Qui  en  feu  vist  et  si  s  en  paist, 
De  cete  bieste  laine  si  naist 
Dont  on  fait  chaintures  et  dras 
Qu'  au  feu  dureut  et  n'ardent  pas." 


Hence  it  appears,  according  to  this 
notice,  that  asbestos  cloth  was  derived 
from  the  salamander. 

2  Book  x.,  ch.  67. 

3  In  the  Mint  at  Paris. 


Vintage  clu  Monde. 


i  2 


116  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

the  salamander  for  his  device,  with  its  appropriate  motto.  This  device 
appears  on  all  the  palaces  of  Francis  I.  At  Fontainebleau  and  the 
Chateaux  of  the  Loire,  it  is  everywhere  to  be  seen  ;  at  Chambord,  there 
are  nearly  four  thousand.  On  the  Chateau  d' Azay  (dep.  Indre-et-Loire) 
the  salamander  is  accompanied  by  the  motto,  TJng  seul  desir ;  at  the 
"  Maison  de  Francois  I.,"  at  Orleans,  built  for  the  Demoiselle  d'Heillie, 
afterwards  Duchesse  d'Etampes,  we  find  it  intermixed  with  F's  and  H's. 
At  the  meeting  of  the  Field  of  the  Cloth  of  Gold,  the  king's  guard 
at  the  tournament  was  clothed  in  blue  and  yellow,  with  the' salamander 
embroidered  thereon.1  In  the  already  quoted  inventory  of  the  Castle 
of  Edinburgh  is — 

"  Ane  moyane  of  fonte  markit  with  the  sallanmndre ;" 

"  A  lie  little  gallay  cannon  of  foute  markit  with  sallamandre;" 

with  many  others. 

Claude  de  France  (-{-1524),  first  wife  of  Francis  I.,  daughter  of 
Louis  XII.  and  Anne  of  Bretagne,  was  styled  by  her  subjects,  "  la 
bonne  reine."  She  took  for  her  device  a  full  moon,  with  the  motto, 
Candida  candidis,  "  White  to  the  white,"  or  "  Pure  to  the  pure," 
meaning  that  as  the  moon,  deriving  its  light  from  the  sun,  can  add  no 
brilliancy  to  that  luminary,  so  she  could  not  add  to  the  fame  and  renown 
of  her  husband ;  or,  according  to  Menestrier,  this  motto  implied  that 
she  would  be  sincere  towards  those  who  were  candid  with  her. 

Queen  Claude  also  took  the  swan  transfixed  by  a  dart,  which  device 
is  to  be  seen  repeated  with  the  salamander  of  Francis  I.,  in  the  coffered 
ceiling  of  the  staircase  in  the  Chateau  of  Blois. 

Eleanor  of  Austria  (-f-1558),  second  wife  of  Francis  I.,  by 
virtue  of  the  disgraceful  Treaty  of  Cambray,  had  a  phoenix,  with  the 
motto,  Non  estsimilis  illi,  "  There  is  none  like  her," — meaning  that  the 
sister  of  Charles  V.  and  the  wife  of  so  great  a  king  as  Francis  I.  had 
no  equal  in  happiness  and  good  fortune. 

Eleanor  also  used  the  same  impresa  of  the  phoenix,  but  changed 
her  motto  to  Unica  semper  avis,2  "  Always  a  solitary  (unique)  bird," 
either  showing  how  much  she  was  neglected,  or  else  to  express  her 
determination  to  remain  single.3 

1  Like  Charles  VI.  and  Louis  XII.,  -  "  Et   vivax  phoenix,   unica    semper 

Francis  used  his  impresa  for  supporters.  avis."— Ovid. 

From  Charles  VI.  to  Louis  XII.  the  stags  3  "  At  the  meeting  between  Charles  V. 

were   the  customary  supporters  of  the  and  Francis  I.,  at  Loches,  the  archway  of 

French  arms.  the  gate  of  the  town  was  decorated  with 


AND  WAK-CKIES. 


117 


Eleanor  also  took  a  tree  with  the  sun  shining  upon  it;  motto, 
His  suffulta,  "  Supported  by  these." 

She  had  a  custom  of  giving  a  pair  of  Spanish  gloves  to  whoever 
brought  her  the  news  that  she  should  see  the  king  that  day,  for  her 
affection  for  her  indifferent  consort  continued  unabated.  On  a  certain 
occasion,  Francis  having  ordered  one  of  his  gentlemen  to  carry  his 
message,  another  outstripped  him  and  received  from  the  queen  the 
customary  reward.  When  the  messenger  to  whom  the  king  had  given 
the  message  arrived  and  told  Eleanor  that  she  might  expect  his 
Majesty,  the  queen  replied — "Je  le  scavois  bien,  vous  n'en  aurez 
pas  les  gants,"  an  expression  which  afterwards  passed  into  a 
proverb. 

Henry  II.  had  for  supporters  two  angels,  and  subsequently  two 
greyhounds.  When  Dauphin,  he  adopted  the  special  device  by  which 
he  was  distinguished — a  crescent,  with  the  motto,  Donee  iotum  impleat 
orbem,  "Until  it  fill  the  whole  world"  (Fig.  71),  implying  either  that 


Kig.  71.— Henry  II. 


until  he  inherited  the  crown,  he  could  not  display  his  full  glory,  or 
else,  that  as  the  moon  gradually  increases  until  it  fills  the  whole  cir- 
cumference, so  he  would  not  stop  in  his  career  until  he  filled  the  world 
with  his  renown.     Henry  bore  the  crescent  variously  disposed,  some- 


various  heraldic  devices,  the  most  con- 
spicuous of  which  was  the  salamander  of 
the  king,  with  his  motto,  and  a  phoenix, 
the  badge  of  Eleanor,  with  her  motto, 
Unica  semper  avis.     When  the  princes 


met,  the  salamander  began  to  vomit 
flames,  and  the  phoenix  burned  gradually 
away.'—  Paradin,  Histoire  cle  notre 
Temps. 


118 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES. 


times  three  interlaced,  sometimes  one  only,  placed  under  his  escut- 
cheon. It  was  generally  accompanied  by  bows,  quivers,  and  other 
attributes  of  the  chase,  in  allusion  to  Diane  de  Poitiers,  and  the 
initials  (Figs  72,  73,  74). 


Fig.  72. 


Fig.  73. 


MI 


Fig.  74. 


He  ordered  the  cloth-of-s:lver  mantle  of  the  knights  of  St.  Michael 
to  be  embroidered  with  his  "device,"— i.e.,  the  three  crescents  inter- 
spersed with  bows  and  quivers,  and  seme  of  tongues  and  flames  of 
fire.  The  double  cipher  (72),  which  is  to  be  seen  in  the  Louvre,  on 
the  gateway  of  the  Chateau  of  Anet,1  and  many  other  buildings, 
answers  equally  for  D.ane  as  for  his  queen,  Catherine.  Henry 
always  wore  Diane's  colours,  black  and  white,  and  was  attired  in 
them  at  the  fatal  tournament  whieh  terminated  his  life.  His 
reign  began  and  ended  in  a  duel ;  Henry's  death  from  the  hand 
of  Gabriel  de  L'Orge,  Comte  de  Montgomery,  accomplishing,  among 
many  others/2  the  prophecy  of  Nostradamus,  that  "  L'orge  etouffera 
le  bon  ble." 

The  poet  Bellay,  on  seeing  him  dead,  gave  him  this  epitaph — Hie 
jacet  Henricus  qui  fuit  orbis  amor,  "  Cy  gist  Henri  qui  fut  l'Amour 
du  monde." 3 

To  Henry  is  also  given  as  device  a  full  moon,  with  the  motto, 
Quum plen'A  fit  est  eemida  solis  (Fig.  75),  "  When  full  it  rivals  the  sun," 


1  "II  voit   (l'Amourj  les   murs  cl'Auet 
Mtir  au  Lord  de  l'Eure, 
Liri   memo    en    orclonna    la   supcrbe 

structure. 
Par  ses  adroites  mains  avec  art  en- 
lasses  ; 
Les  chiffres  de  Diane  y  bont  enco;e 
place's." 

Voltaire,  Henriade. 

2  Another  predicted  that— 

"  Le  lyon  jeunc  le  vieil  surmoiiteva 
En  champ  bollic  par  singnlicr  duelle 
Dans  cage  d'or  [his  golden  helmet]  les  ycus 
liu  crevera." 


A  third,  Ltieas  Gauric,  had  foretold  that 
Henry  would  die  from  a  wound  in  the 
eye  received  in  a  duel. 

3  It  \va3  a  current  saying  among  the 
Huguenots  that — 

'•  Par  l'oreille,  l'cspanle,  et  par  l'oeil, 
Dieu  a  mis  trois  reus  au  ceicueil ; " 

meaning  Henry  II.,  wlio  was  pierced  in 
the  eye  by  Montgomery,  Captain  of  the 
Scottish  Guard,  1559;  Francis  II.,  who 
died  of  a  gathering  in  the  ear,  at  Orleans, 
1560 ;  and  Antoine  de  Bourbon,  King  of 
Navarre,  from  a  wound  in  the  shoulder 
received  at  the  siege  of  Rouen,  15G2. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


119 


alluding  to  the  rising  suns  of  Charles  V.  and  of  Philip  IT. ;  against 
both  of  these  princes  Henry  made  war  to  repair  his  father's  losses. 
It  does  not,  however,  appear  that  he  ever  made  use  of  this  device. 


Fig.  75.— H>nvy  IT. 


Catherine  de  Medicis  (-f-1589),  Queen  of  Henry  II.,  three  times 
Regent  of  France.    She  bore  as  her  device,  when  young  and  living  with 


W^^&M^Ef^HM 


Fig.  76.— Catherine  de  Medici?. 


her  father,  and  continued  it  after  her  marriage,  the  rainbow,  or  Iris, 
from  the  association  of  its  name  with  the  Florentine  lily.  The  motto 
was  both  in  Greek  and  Latin— MS  <£EPOI  HAE  TAAHNHN, 


120 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


"Let  this  light  bring  peace;"  Lucem ferat  et  serenitatem,  "Let  it 
bring  light  and  serenity  "  (Fig.  76). 

After  the  death  of  Henry,  she  took  for  her  device  a  heap  of  burn- 
ing ashes  with  drops  of  water  falling  upon  it,  emblematic  of  her  tears. 
The  motto,  Ardorem  extincta  testantur  vivere  flamma,  "  Extinct  flame 
proves  that  heat  survives  "  (Fig.  77). 


f  hi  k  J  .  v-i-- 


Fig.  77.— Calherine  do  Medicis. 

Catherine  also  adopted  the  device  of  a  comet  crowned,  with 
the  motto,  Fato  prudeniia  major,  "  Prudence  is  greater  than 
fate." 

A  hen  with  her  chickens ;  Servatque  fovetque,  "  She  preserves 
and  fosters,"  was  also  among  the  devices  of  this  queen.1 

An  astrologer  had  predicted  that  Catherine  should  die.  in  St. 
Germain,  in  consequence  of  which  she  superstitiously  avoided  all 
churches  of  that  name.  She  went  no  moie  to  St.  Germain-en-Laye  ; 
and  because  her  new  palace  of  the  Tuileries  was  in  the  parish  of  St. 
Germain  l'Auxerrois,  she  deserted  it,  and  caused  the  palace  of  Soissons 
to  be  built  near  St.  Eustache.  When  it  was  known  that  Laurent  de 
Saint  Germain,  Bishop  of  Nazareth,  had  attended  her  in  her  last 
moments,  the  astrologers  declared  the  prophecy  to  have  been  accom- 
plished. 

Catherine  caused  a  medal  to  be  struck  in  reference  to  the  fatal 


1  On  a  medal. 


AND  WAE-CRIES. 


121 


tournament,  a   shivered   lance,  with  the   motto,  Hinc   dolor,    June 
lacrimas,  "  Hence  grief,  hence  tears  "  (Fig.  78). 


Fig.  7ss.— Caihenue  de  Medicis. 

Fuancjs  II.,  "  Prince  sans  tache  and  sans  vice — L  Innocent,"  he 
bore  for  supporters  two  lions  of  Scotland,  as  sovereign  of  that 
kingdom. 

His  ordinary  device  was  a  burning  column,  encircled  by  a  scroll, 
upon  which  was  inscribed,  Lumen  rectis,  "A  light  to  the  upright" 
(Fig.  79),  in  allusion  to  the  column  of  fire  which  guided  the  Israelites 
by  night,  and  meaning  that  the  Almighty  always  grants  his  light 
as  a  guide  to  those  who  seek  Him. 


Fig.  79.— Francis  II. 


At  St.  Denis  is  to  be  seen  the  monument  erected  by  Charles  IX. 
to  contain  the  heart  of  his  brother,  Francis  II.  It  is  a  beautiful 
work  by  Germain  Pilon,  and  consists  of  a  marble  Corinthian  column, 


l'J2 


HISTOKIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


with  flames   issuing  from   the  top,   and   the   motto,  Lumen  reeds, 
inscribed  on  its  side. 

Francis  had  also  two  globes,  the   one   celestial    and   the   other 


Fig.  80.— Frauds  II. 


terrestrial  (Fig.  80),  as  appear  on  his  medals.  Motto,  Unus  non 
sufficit  orbis,1  "  One  world  suffices  not," — a  sentiment  of  piety,  not  of 
ambition.2 


Fig.  81.— Francis  II. 

A  hand  issuing  from  a  cloud,  holding  a  coin  of  gold  upon  a  touch- 

1  "  Unus  Pellseo  juveni  non  sufficit  orbis."— Juvenal. 
2  "1578.  Ane  bed  of  blak  velvit  en-       within  the  Castell  of  Edinburgh  -pertening 
richeit   with    armes   and    spheris,   with       to  our  Soverane    Lord   and    his    hienes 
bordis  of  broderie  werk  of  claith  of  gold."       derrest  moder. 
— Inventory  of  Jewelles   and  Artaillerie 


AND  WAH-CKIES. 


123 


stone,  with  the  motto,  Sic  speetanda  fides,  "  So  is  fidelity  to  be  proved  " l 
(Fig.  81). 

Francis  had  also  tokens  (jetons)  struck,  upon  which  was  represented 
a  cup  ;  motto,  Inter  ech/jisis  exorior,  "  Among  eclipses  I  arise  "  (Fig.  82), 
because,  says  Menestrier,  the  constellation  of  the  cup  is  above  the 
horizon  at  the  time  of  the  occurrence  of  eclipses,  and  Francis  was 
not  only  born  in  troublous  times,  but  in  the  year  of  his  birth  four 
eclipses  took  place.' 


Fig.  82. — Francis  If. 


Franc's  had  likewise  for  device  a  dolphin  with  the  terrestrial  globe, 
encircled  by  the  diamond  ring  of  the  Medic1',  and  the  crescent  of 
Henry  II.  In  the  midst  issue  branches  of  the  palm  and  olive, 
emblems  of  victory  and  peace.  Motto,  Regain  patriis  virtutibus 
orbem,  "  I  will  rule  the  world  with  my  father's  virtues," — i.e.,  those  I 
have  inherited  from  him.     Francis  thus  united  the   devices  of  his 


1  In  Pericles,  Prince  of  Tyre,  the  touch- 
stone is  Hie  emblem  of  one  of  the  six 
knights  Unit  present  themselves  on  the 


occasion  of  a  festival  on  the  birthday  of 
the  king's  daughter,  Thaisa.  The  fifth 
she  describes  as  bearing, 


"  Au  hand  environed  with  clouds, 
Holding  out  gold,  that's  hy  the  touchstone  tiied ; 
The  motto  thus — Sic  spcctanda  fates." — Act  ii.,  sc.  2. 


2  A  total  eclipse  of  the  sun  occurred 
January  24,  1544,  four  days  after  he  was 
born,  mid  in  the  same  month  there  wore 


partial  eclipses  of  the  moon.  .  The  other 
two  eclipses  of  the  same  luminary  were 
visible  in  July  and  November. 


124  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

father  and   mother,  signifying   hy  the   diamond   the  firmness  and 
virtue  with  which  he  would  rule  the  world. 

For  Mary  Stuart,  queen  of  Francis  II.,  see  Scotland. 

The  practice  of  making  anagrams,  invented  long  before  the 
Christian  era,1  was  first  revived  by  Francis  I.  Jn  addition  to  two 
mentioned  by  Drummond  (see  Scotland,  Mary  Stuakt)  a  third  was 
made  on  Queen  Mary  ;  Maria  Stevarda,  Scotormn  Regina,  was  turned 
into  Trusa  vi  regnis,  morte  amard  cado,  "  Thrust  by  force  from  my 
kingdom,  I  fall  by  a  bitter  death." 

•r  In  the  reign  of  Francis  I.,  writes  Menestrier,  the  fashion 

C  I J  began  of  employing  Greek  letters  for  the  name,  and  the  Greek, 
^*  <I>  (Fig  83),  was  used  in  several  places  for  the  king's  initial, 
F,g'83-    because  he  had.  re-established  letters  and  the  Greek  language. 

o      o 

Francois,  second  Duke  de  Guise,  also  caused  his  horses  to  be  branded 
with   the  Phi.      Catherine  de   Medicis   used   the    double   it 
jf^     (Fig.  84).     It  is  to  be  seen  on  some  locks,  and  other  ironwork, 
t^**     with  the  device  of  the  rainbow,  in  the  Louvre  (Sauvageot  collec- 
tion) ;  and  she  adopted,  with  many  of  her  contemporaries,  Greek 
mottoes  for  her  impreses.     Queen  Mary  followed  the  fashion  of  the 
times,  and  took  the  <J>  and  the  m  for  the  monogram  of  King 
Francis  and  herself.     Fig  85  is  copied  from  a  hand-bell  of  the 
Queen,  and  the  same  monogram  is  also  inscribed  on  Mary's 
rig.  85.     signet-ring,  now  preserved  in  the  British  Museum  f  the  M 
resembles  that  of  the  Constable  Anne  de  Montmorency,  in  a  monogram 
^    ,    (Fig.  8b')  on  the  plate  of  a  lock  in  the  Musee  de  Cluny,  at 
Paris. 

Mary's  grand-daughter,  Elizabeth,  Queen  of  Bohemia, 
used  two  Epsilons  intersecting  each  other ;  and  her  ill-fated 
i^g.  se.      husband,  Frederic,  took  two  Phi's  intersected,  as  we  find 
noticed  in  an  entry  of  her  jewels.3 

Henry   III.  continued  the  fashion,  and  introduced  the  Lambda 

1  By  the  Greek  poet,  Lycophron,  who  3  "  Ane  pictour  box  of  gold,  qrin  is 
flourished  b.c.  380,  at  the  court  of  conteaned  in  the  on  syd  the  King  of 
Ptolemy  Philadelphia.  Boherne  his   portrait,  the  cover  qrof  is 

2  The  $  also  appears  on  some  plates  in  sete  with  diamonts  eftir  this  forme,  *o  *, 
the  possession  of  A.  Fountaine,  Esq.,  of  conteiuing  twa  J  deciphered  within  two 
Narford  Hall,  as  the  signature  of  tho  o  o,  resembling  twa  great  l'res  (letters) 
celebrated  painter  of  majolica,  Orazio  i-  for  Frederick  the  king  his  name."  The 
Fonlana,  the  *  forming  both  the  initials  writer  of  the  inventory  mistook  the  inter- 
of  his  name.  section  of  the  two  •!•  for  an  O. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


125 


for  his  queen,  Louisa  of  Lorraine,  interlaced  with  his  H  (Fig.  87), 
in  the  collar  of  the  Order  of  the  Holy  Ghost. 

Queen  Louisa  always  used  the  double  Lambda,  either  one 
large  (Fig.  88),  or  two  small  Xk  (Fig.  89) ;  and  the  same  letter 
(Fig.  90)  was  continued  by  Louis  XIII.  and  Louis  XIV.  as       Fig.  87. 
their  initial,  on  the  binding  of  iheir  books  and  en  other  works  of  Art. 


XX        Aa 


Fig.  83. 


Fig.  89. 


A 


Fig.  90. 


Henry  IV.  does  not  appear  to  have  used  any  Greek  initials,  but 
he  introduced   the  punning  S  "trait"   (an  S  with  a  stroke 
through  it),  Fig.  91,  for  Gabrielle  d'Estree,   united  with  his 
own,  as  we  see  described  in   the  inventory  of  her  effects  made 
after  her  death.1 

Chakles  IX.  To  this  youthful  monarch  the  Chancellor  *lg"91' 
de  l'Hopital,  with  better  intentions  than  foresight,  gave  the  motto, 
Pietate  etjusticia,  "  With  piety  and  justice,"  with  two  columns  inter- 
laced (Fig.  92),  showing  that  these  two  virtues  are  the  support  of 


Fig.  92.— Charles  IX. 


government.     Charles  IX.  was  godson  to  Charles  V.,  who  assumed 
the  columns  of  Hercules,  and  it  was  probably  in  imitation  of  the 


1  "  1599.  Une  boiste  de  peinture, 
esmaillce  de  gris,  but  laquelle  y  a  des 
diamans  oil  est  le  chiffre  du  Koy  et  a 
coste  d'iceluy  quatre  S  (barrees)  et  aux 
quatre  petites  triangles  de  diamans,  prise'e 
eiiijxx  cscus."  —  Inveniaire  cle  Gabrielle 


d'Estre'es,  MSS.,  Biblioth.  Imp.     Paris. 

"Une  robe  de  toille  d'argent  .  .  .  les 
grandes  manches  a  l'espagnole.  .  .  . 
Doublet  s  de  satin  incarnadine,  et  brode'es 
en  broderie  d'argent  oil  sont  les  cbiffres 
du  Roy  et  de  la  definite  dame." — Ibid. 


126 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADCES, 


device  of  bis  godfather  that  Charles  IX.  selected  for  his  iinpresa  the 
two  twisted  pillars  of  the  temple  of  Jerusalem,  called  Jakin  and  Boaz. 

Elizabeth  of  Austria  (-j-1592),  wife  of  Charles  IX.,  took  for  her 
device  a  temple,  before  the  door  of  which  she  is  standing,  looking  up 
to  the  Holy  Ghost  in  the  form  of  a  dove,  with  the  motlo,  In  Deo  sp?§ 
mea,  "  My  hope  is  in  God,"  which  was  also  the  favourite  motto  of  her 
brother-in-law,  Henry  III. 

Also,  Fortune  on  a  globe  buffeted  by  the  winds.  Motto,  Volente, 
"  Being  willing." 

Henry  III.  His  supporters  were  two  eagles  for  Poland.  His 
device,  three  crowns,  with  the  motto,  Manet  ultima  coelo,  "  The  last 
remains  to  heaven  "  (Fig.  93). 


Fig.  93.— Henry  111. 

The  Leaguers,  to  turn  the  device  into  ridicule,  placed  the  scissors 
instead  of  the  third  crown,  and  substituted  "  claustro  "  for  "  cosh" 
threatening  to  shut  him  up  in  a  monastery.  Cardinal  Guise  (he  who 
was  assassinated,  with  his  brother,  at  Blois)  used  to  say  he  would 
never  die  content  until  he  had  the  head  of  the  king  between  his  knees, 
to  give  him  a  monk's  crown ;  and  his  sister,  the  Duchess  of  Mont- 
pensier,  kept  a  pair  of  scissors  always  attached  to  her  girdle,  as  she 
said,  for  the  same  purpose. 

When  Henry  III.  published,  in  1577,  an  edict,  reducing  the  value 
of  the  crown  to  sixty  sols,  it  was  hoped  that  this  act  would  help,  as  it 
did,  to  reform  the  currency.    Tokens  (jetons)  were  struck,  upon  which 


AND  WAR- CRIES. 


127 


was  represented  Plutus  seated  upon  a  cube,  his  wings  folded  back,  lr's 
eyes  land  aged,  and  bound  with  chains  of  gold;  the  motto,  from 
the  sixth  book  of  the  '  .ZEneid,'  Sedet  setemumque  sedebit,  "He 
sits  and  will  sit  for  ever." 

Henry  III.  instituted  the  order  of  St.  Esprit,  choosing  this  name 
for  his  order,  because  he  was  elected  King  of  Poland  on  Whitsunday, 
and  he  succeeded  to  the  crown  of  France  on  the  same  festival  of  the 
following  year.  The  Order  of  St.  Michael  had  become  so  debased 
from  its  indiscriminate  use  by  the  sons  of  Henry  II.,  as  to  be  styled 
the  "Collier  a  toutes  Betes,"  this  principally  led  Henry  III.  to  institute 
his  new  order ;  but  the  Knights  of  the  Holy  Ghost  were  required, 
before  their  institution,  to  receive  the  Order  of  St.  Michael ;  hence  the 
Knights  of  the  Holy  Ghost  are  called  "  Chevaliers  des  ordres  du  roy." 

Louise  de  Vaudemont  (-f-1601),  the  neglected  wife  of  Henry  III., 
took  for  her  device  the  sun-dial  (sun-dials,  with  quaint  devices,  being 
much  in  vogue  in  the  seventeenth  century),  with  the  motto, 
Asjnce   ut   aspiciar,  "  Look    on   me,  that   I  may   be   looked    on " 


Fig.  94. — Louise  de  Vaudemont. 

(Fig.  94).  As  the  dial  only  shows  the  hours  of  the  day  when  shone 
upon  by  the  sun,  so  she  entreats  the  king  to  look  upon  her,  that  she 
may  be  held  in  esteem  by  others. 

After  the  assassination  of  Henry  III.,  Louise  took  possession  of 
the  Chateau  of  Chenonceaux,  left  to  her  by  Catherine  de  Medicis.  All 
her  rooms  were  hung  with  black,  and  she  wore  white  (the  mourning 
of  queens)  until  her  death.     Her  bed  was  covered  with  black  velvet 


128 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


fringed  with  black  and  white,  and  her  prie-dieu  chair  was  covered 
with  black.  In  an  adjoining  room  hung  a  large  portrait  of  Henry  III., 
underneath  which  was  the  portion  of  a  line  from  the  '  JEneid  '  (book  xii ) 
— Ssevi  monumenta  doloris,  "  The  memorials  of  grievous  suffering." 
Here  she  passed  her  days,  praying  for  the  soul  of  her  worthless 
husband.     Another  of  her  devices  was — 

The  Box-tree.  Motto,  Nostra  vel  in  tumulo"  Ours  even  in  the  tomb." 
Henry  IV.,  "  Le  merveille  des  rois  et  le  roi  des  merveilles,"  who 
succeeded  as  nearest  to  the  crown  on  the  extinction  of  the  house  of 
Valois,  was  related  to  Henry  III.  only  in  the  twenty-third  degree. 

Two  cows,  the  arms  of  Beam  (see  Foix),  and  a  club,  with  the 
motto,  Invia  virtuti  nulla  est  via,  "  No  path  is  impassable  to  valour," 
the  club  of  Hercules  being  emblematic  of  the  labours  he  had  under- 
gone, and  the  hydra  of  rebellion  he  had  overcome. 


Fig.  95.— Henry  IV. 

Two  sceptres  in  saltire,  traversed  by  a  naked  sword  to  represent 
peace  and  war,  and  the  two  kingdoms  of  France  and  Navarre,  with 
the  motto,  Duo  protegit  unus,  "  One  protects  two,"  to  signify  that  his 
sword  had  henceforth  in  view  only  the  defence  and  protection  of  his 
two  kingdoms  (Fig.  95).1 

The  ingenious  discovered  a  curious  combination  of  the  number  14  in 
the  name  and  life  of  Henry  IV. ;  fourteen  letters  in  "  Henri  de  Bourbon." 
He  was  born  14  centuries,  14  decades,  and  14  years  after  our  Saviour, 
a.d.  1 554  ;  born  on  the  14th  of  December,  died  on  the  14th  of  March, 
and  lived  four  times  14  years,  and  four  times  14  days,  and  14  weeks. 

1  It  is  carved  on  the  woodwork  of  the  Salle  de  Marie  de  Medicis,  in  the  Louvre. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


129 


Marguerite  de  France,  daughter  of  Henry  II.,  first  wife  of 
Henry  IV.,  and  the  last  of  the  Valois 
(-f  1615),  best  known  as  "Keine  Margot," 
of  whose  marriage,  the  forerunner  of  the 
Massacre  of  St.  Bartholomew,  it  was  said  that 
"  la  livree  des  noces  serait  vermeille." 

Margaret  was  also  styled  "La  Lune," 
because  she  eclipsed  the  stars. 

In  her  youth  she  bore  a  palm-tree  over- 
shadowing an  altar,  with  the  motto,  Pios 
altissima  surgit  in  usus,  "Being  the  highest, 
she  rises  to  pious  uses."  1 

Her   second  device  was  the   mystic  pen- 
tagon,2 the  symbol  of  health,  with  the  word  Salus  inscribed  at  its 
angles  (Fig.  96). 

After  her  divorce,  Margaret  took  the  pearl,  in  Latin,  "  unio,"  with 
the  motto,  Unio  cuncta  disjunxit,  "  Union  has  disjoined  all  things." 

Mary  de  Medicis,  second  wife  of  Henry  IV.,  when  declared  regent 
to  her  son,  caused  to  be  embroidered  on  the  hocquetons  of  her  archers 
an  eagle  crowned,  covering  its  little  ones  with  its  wings.  Motto,  Tegit 
virtute  minores,  "  He  covers  the  smaller  ones  by  his  bravery." 

On  the  occasion  of  the  marriage  of  Louis  XIII.,  she  changed  the 


Fig.  96. — Marguerite  of  France. 


1  Paradin. 

2  "A  star  of  five  vxrints,  composed  of 
five  A's  interlaced,  was  formerly  made 
by  physicians  the  symbol  of  health, 
under  the  name  of  Pentalpha.'* — Menes- 
triee. 

The  pentalpha,  pentacle,  or  pentangle, 
consisting  of  three  triangles  intersected, 
has  always  had  mysterious  powers  as- 
signed to  it.  Aubrey  says  the  pentacle  was 
"  heretofore  used  by  the  Greek  Christians 
(as  the  sign  of  the  cross  is  now)  at  the 
beginning  of  letters  or  books,  for  good 
luck's  sake."  The  Jews  informed  Dr. 
Bathurst  "  that  the  women  did  make  this 
mark  on  their  chrysome  cloths."  "  The 
Jews  in  Barbarie  have  this  mark  on  their 
trunkes  in  nailes,  and  on  their  cupboards 
and  tables."  While  Rennet,  Bishop  of 
Peterborough,  adds,  "  The  figure  of  three 
triangles  intersected  and  made  of  five 
lines  is  called  the  Pentangle  of  Sulomon 


and  when  it  is  delineated  on  the  body  of 
a  man,  it  is  pretended  to  touch  and  point 
out  the  five  places  wherein  the  Saviour 
was  wounded,  and  therefore  .  .  .  the 
devils  were  afraid  of  it  ''  (Lansd.  MS., 
231).  It  is  the  "druden  fas"  of  the 
German  writers  on  magic,  and  is  still 
regarded  in  Germany  as  a  talisman 
agidnst  the  power  of  witches,  and  is  said 
to  have  its  origin  in  the  doctrines  of 
Pythagoras,  and  thence  transferred  to 
Druidism.  The  magic  pentalpha  in  the 
western  window  of  the  south  aisle  of 
Westminster  Abbey  bears  evidence  that 
the  black  monks  who  chanted  in  the 
choir  were  deeply  read  in  occult  science. 
Goethe  makes  Faust  avail  himself  of  its 
influence ;  and  John  Evelyn,  in  many  of 
his  books,  after  inserting  his  name  in 
monogram,  was  wont  with  the  pen  to 
draw  the  pentacle  between  the  words 
"  Dominus  providebit." — Burn's  Tokens. 


130 


HISTOKIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


device  to  a  pacific  eagle,  carrying  'an  olive  branch ;  Nee  fulmina 
desunt,1  "Nor  are  lightnings  wanting." 

A  stork2  feeding  its  young  and  rearing  them  with  care;  Pia  mater 
noxia  pello,  "  A  pious  mother,  I  expel  hurtful  things." 

The  heliotrope ;  Solem  sola  sequor,  "  I  follow  the  sun  alone." 

The  sun  among  clouds  ;  Major  in  adversis,  "  Greater  in  adversity." 

A  fire  blown  by  the  four  winds ;  Crescit  ah  adversis,  "  It  grows 
from  adversity."  Les  oppositions  h  font  croitre.3  This  last  she  had 
embroidered  on  the  casaques  of  her  guards.    , 

A  star ;  Cara  ma  lontana,  "  Dear,  though  afar." 

Louis  XIII.  Two  Hercules,  or  sometimes  the  club  of  Hercules 
only,  with  the  motto,  Erit  lisee  quoque  cognita  monstris,  "  The 
monsters  (i.e.,  heresy  and  rebellion)  shall  make  acquaintance  with  this." 

When  Louis  XIII.  was  born,  there  had  not  been  a  dauphin  since 
Francis  II.- — eighty-four  years.  The  province  of  Dauphine  sent  a 
deputation  to  Fontainebleau,  headed  by  the  Archbishop  of  Vienne,  to 
recognise  the  infant  as  their  sovereign,  and  made  him  a  present  of  an 
entire  service  of  richly  chased  plate,  with  various  figures  of  dolphins, 
estimated  at  12,000  crowns. 

Louis  XIV.  had,  from  his  birth,  as  his  personal  device,  the  sun  in 
its  splendour  (Fig.  97) ;  and  later,  among  many  other  mottoes,  he  chose 


Fig.  97.— Louis  XIV. 


Nee  pluribus  impar, "  Not  unequal  to  many,"  meaning  that  the  genius 
of  the  king  sufficed,  or  would  suffice,  to  govern  many  kingdoms.4 


1  'Mercure  Francois,'  1615. 

2  Renouard,  '  Duvises  Royales.' 

3  Menestrier. 


4  "  This  device  was  first  suggested  by- 
Cardinal  Mazariu  to  Monsieur  1'Ouvrier, 
an  antiquary." — Voltaire. 


AND  AVAR-CRIES. 


131 


Although  Francis  II.,  Charles  IX.,  Henry  III.,  Henry  IV.,  and 
Louis  XIII.  had  special  supporters  of  their  arms,  yet  they  did  not 
exclude  the  two  angels  of  Charles  YL,  which  were  considered  as  the 
ordinary  supporters  of  the  arms  of  the  kingdom  (Fig.  98 ).  Louis  XI V., 
Louis  XV..  and  Louis  XA7!.  never  used  any  others. 


Fig.  98.— Arms  of  France,  with  Angels  as  Supporters. 


Fbanchi,  Aticenzo  di,  President  of  the  Council  at  Naples. 
Took  for  device  a  stork  with  a  plane  leaf  in  its  mouth.  Motto, 
Audentius  obstat,  "  He  resists  the  more  bravely."  The  stork 
carries  the  plane  leaf  as  an  amulet  or  defence  against  the  insidious 
attacks  of  the  owl,  and  lines  its  nest  with  it  for  the  same  object.1 

Fregosa,  Ottaviano,  Doge  and  afterwards  Governor  of  Genoa. 
Having,  with  the  assistance  of  Julius  II.,  expelled  the  French,  he 
conferred  the  ducal  dignity  upon  his  brother  James,  who  in  his  turn 
was  dispossessed  by  the  French  and  the  Adomi.  Ottaviano  having 
again  been  victorious,  was  proclaimed  Doge,  1513;  but  in  1515  was 

1  '  Hieroglyphica,'  Pierii  A^aleram,  Lugchmi  ap.  P.  Frc-llon,  162G. 

K    2 


132  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

again  compelled  to  cede  the  sovereignty  of  Genoa  to  Francis  I.,  re- 
maining governor,  in  the  name  of  the  King  of  France,  until  1522,  when 
Genoa  was  taken  by  Prospero  Colonna  and  the  Marquis  of  Pescara. 
generals  of  Charles  V.  Five  years  afterwards  the  revolution  effected  by 
Andrea  Doria  terminated  the  rival  factions  of  the  Adorni  and  Fregosi. 

In  the  War  of  Bologna  he  took  for  device  a  long  row  of  the  letter 
0  in  black,  on  a  field  of  gold,  as  a  border  round  the  caparisons  of  his 
horse,  which  letters  in  arithmetic  are  of  no  value  without  the  addition 
of  a  numeral.  The  motto,  Hoe  per  se  nihil  est,  sed  si  minimum 
addideris  maximum  fiat,  "  This  by  itself  is  nothing,  but  if  you  add 
the  least  the  greatest  is  made ;"  meaning  that  with  the  least  assistance 
he  should  have  been  able  to  have  recovered  Genoa,  in  the  defence  of 
which  his  father  had  died. 

Fregosa,  Galeazzo.  An  eagle  gazing  steadily  at  the  sun  in  the 
midst  of  clouds,  thunder,  rain  and  wind.  Motto  (Span.),  Ni  matarme, 
ni  spaventarme,  "  Neither  kill  me,  nor  alarm  me ;"  that  is,  that 
he  was  not  to  be  deterred  by  danger  or  difficulty.  The  eagle  is  the 
crest  of  some  of  the  Fregosa  family.  They  were  divided  into  several 
branches,  called  after  their  devices — Fregosi  del  Pelicano,  Aquila, 
Sempreviva,  Grancio,  Stanga,  &c. 

Frellon.     See  Augustus  Caesar. 

Gamba,   Cesare.     See  Academies,  Insensati. 

Gambara,  Cardinal.     See  Domeniohi. 


Fig.  99.— lJietro  Griacomu  di  (jeuuaro. 


Gennaro,  Pietro  Giacomo  di.     His  device  was  Cupid  drawn  by 
two  snails.     Motto,  Feslinate,  "  Hasten"  (Fig.  99). 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  133 

GheraiTdini,  G-io.  Filippo  (Florence).  A  vine  trailing  on  the 
ground1  (Fig.  100).  Motto,  Adhuc  delapsa  viresco,  "  Thus  far  fallen, 
I  still  nourish  (am  green) ;"  for,  according  to  Pliny,  the  vine  that  creeps 
on  the  ground  bears  the  largest  fruit.  He  says,  "  And  yet,  other- 
whiles,  in  some  coasts  the  winds  are  so  big  and  boisterous,  that  they 
will  not  suffer  them  thus  to  grow  upright ;  as,  namely,  in  Affricke  and 
Languedoc,  the  province  of  Narbon.  Vines  being  thus  debarred  to 
run  up  in  height,  resting  upon  their  owne  joints  and  branches,  and 


Fig.  100. — Gio.  Filippo  Gherardini. 

even  like  to  those  that  be  laid  along  whiles  they  are  a  trimming,  by 
delving  about  their  roots,  and  pruning  their  superfluous  branches, 
traile  and  creepe  too  and  fro  along  the  ground,  as  weedes  and  herbes ; 
and  all  the  way  as  they  spread,  sucke  the  humor  of  the  earth  into 
their  grapes  ;  by  which  meanes,  no  marvel  it  is,  if  in  the  inland  parts 
of  Affricke  there  bee  found  some  of  those  grapes  bigger  than  pretie 
babes."3 

Gi£,  Pierre,  Vicomte  de  Eohan,  better  known  under  the  name 
of  the  Marechal  de  Gie  (-f-1513).  In  the  absence  of  Cardinal  Amboise 
he  acted  as  minister ;  he  had  served  under  Louis  XL,  Charles  VIII., 
and  Louis  XII. ;  had  been  thirty  years  Marshal,  and  was  Lieutenant- 

1  Contile  M.  Lnca,  '  Ragionamento  supra  la  Propriety  delle  Imprese,'  fol.    Pavia, 
1574,  iiassim.  2  For  viresce,  read  viresco.  3  Book  xiv.,  oh.  1. 


134  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

General  of  Picardy.  When  he  was  disgraced  and  banished  from 
court,  for  having  stopped  at  Angers  the  boats  in  which  Queen  Anne 
of  Bretagne  had  embarked  her  treasures  upon  the  Loire,  he  retired 
to  his  Chateau  du  Verger  (Auvergne),  pleased  to  be  allowed  to  pass 
the  remainder  of  his  days  in  the  quiet  enjoyment  of  the  goods  for- 
tune had  left  him.  He  expressed  this  sentiment  by  the  choice  of  a 
device  which  consisted  of  a  hat  with  large  turned-down  brim,  and 
this  motto,  A  la  bonne  heure  nous  jprit  la  plute* — a  proverbial  ex- 
pression, meaning,  "  We  have  luckily  escaped  in  good  time  from  a 
great  annoyance."2 

Mezerai  says  : 3  "  II  se  joua  une  farce  sur  ce  snjet  dans  un  college 
de  Paris,  ou  ils  disaient  qu'  un  marechal,  ayant  vouler  ferrer  un  dne, 
en  avoit  recu  un  si  grand  coup  de  pied,  qu'il  en  avoit  ete  jete 
pardessus  la  muraille  de  la  cour  jusque  dans  le  Verger." 

Giovio,  Gtiulio,  nephew  of  the  Bishop  of  Nocera.  A  grafted 
tree.  Motto,  Vvan  Gott  ovil, — or  Quando  Iddio  vorra,  "  When 
God  will."  4 

Gikami,  Ippolito.  A  Milanese  gentleman  in  the  service  of  the 
Emperor  during  the  Siennese  War.  A  spade  with  a  serpent  twisted 
round  it.  Motto,  Hie  ducibus,  "  With  these  my  leaders," — meaning 
that  strength  and  courage  (depicted  by  the  spade)  combined  with 
prudence  (the  serpent)  will  lead  to  victory. 

Giustiniani,  Gio.  Batt.,  Cardinal  of  Venice,  was  the  friend  and 
patron  of  Camilli,5  who,  on  the  occasion  of  his  death,  made  a  device, 
taken  from  the  manner  in  which  elephants,  according  to  a  Greek  author, 
are  taken  in  the  country  round  the  Red  Sea.  The  trees  against  which 
they  are  accustomed  to  lean  when  asleep  are  partly  sawn  asunder,  so 
that  at  night,  when  the  elephant  goes  to  rest,  he  leans  against  the 
tree,  which  gives  way  and  throws  him  down  in  its  fall,  when  he  is 
unable  of  himself  to  rise,  and  becomes  a  prey  to  the  hunters.  Motto, 
Bum  stetit,  "  While  he  stood ;"  that  is,  the  death  of  the  Cardinal,  who 
was  life  and  support  to  Camilli,  deprived  him  of  all  power  to  rise  and 

1  '  Histoire  de  Bretagne.' — Daru.  was  also  used  by  Antonio  Borghese. 

2  Or,  as  M.  le  Boux  de  Lincy  renders  ..  Post  huc  erit  altera  vita  (regeneration) 


Ovid. 


it,  "  Although  yet  young,  he  had  fallen  Non  sum  qui  fueram." 

into     disgrace." — Livre    des     Proverbes 

Franfais.     Paris,  1850.  6  Camilli,  Camillo,    'Imprese  illustri 

3  '  Histoire  de  France.'  di  diversi,  coi  discorsi,'  4to,  Ven.,  1586, 

1  The   same   device,  with  the   motto,  passim. 
Idem  et  alter,  "  The  same  and  another," 


AND  VVAR-CEIES. 


135 


exert  himself,   so  completely  was  lie  prostrated  by  the  blow.     Nus- 

quam  tuta  fides,  "  Faith,  nowhere  safe,"  is  also  a  motto  given  to  the 

same  device. 

"  The  elephant  so  huge,  and  strong  to  see, 
No  perill  fear'd  but  thought  a  sleepe  to  gaine ; 
But  foes  before  had  undermiade  the  tree, 
And  down  lie  fills,  and  so  by  them  was  slaine  : 
First  trye,  then  truste ;  like  goulde  the  copper  showes  : 
And  Nero  oft  in  Numa's  clotliinge  goes." 

Whitney's  Emblems. 

Godfrey  of  Boulogne1  (-f-1100).  The  first  Christian  King  of 
Jerusalem ;  the  "  pio  Goffredo  "  and  hero  of  the  '  Jerusalem  Delivered  ' 
of  Tasso.  It  is  related  of  him,  that  he,  "  At  one  draught  of  his  bow, 
shooting  against  David's  Tower  in  Jerusalem,  broched  three  feetless 
birds,  called  Alerions,2  upon  his  arrow,  and  thereupon  assumed  in  his 


Fig.  101. — Godfrey  of  Boulogne. 


shield,  or,  three  Alerions  argent  on  a  bend  gules,  which  the  house  of 
Lorraine,  descending  from  his  race,  continue  to  this  day ;" 3  adding  to 
it  these  words  from  Virgil,  Dederitne  viam  casusve  deusve,  "  Did 
chance  or  God  direct  the  way?"   (Fig.  101.) 


'  Or  Bouillon,  a  castle  of  Bas  Lorraine, 
now  the  Belgian  province  of  Luxemburg. 

2  "  The  alerion  is  an  eagle  displayed, 
without  beak  or  feet,  the  point  of  the 
wings  downwards."  A  similarity  of 
sound   between    Alerion    and    Lorraine 


may  have  influenced  the  assumption  of 
these  arms,  and  it  is  curious  that  a 
perfect  anagram  exists  in  "Alerion  "and 
"  Loraine." — Planche,  Poursuivant  of 
Arms,  1832. 

3  Camden,  '  Kemaines.' 


136 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


Gonsalvo  of  Cordova  (+1515),  Duke  of  Terranova.  The  Italians 
style  him  Ferrante  Gonsalvo ;  his  real  name  was  Hernandez  y  Aguilar 
Goncalo  de  Cordova.  He  carried  the  standard  of  Castile  at  Grenada, 
when  that  city  capitulated  to  the  arms  of  Ferdinand  and  Isabella. 
Twice  he  subdued  the  kingdom  of  Naples ;  fought  the  battles  of 
Cerignoles  and  Garigliano ;  was  Viceroy  1502-1506,  and  Constable, 
1507,  of  Naples.  Styled  the  "modern  Camillus,"  he  was  recalled 
through  the  jealousy  of  Prospero  Colonna  ;  but  was  a  third  time  about 
to  set  out  to  Italy  when  he  died.  The  great  captain  had  made  for 
him,  as  device,  thunderbolts,  with  the  motto,  Volitat  per  stecula 
nomen,  "  The  name  flies  on  through  ages." 


Fig.  102.— Gonsalvo  of  Cordova. 

When  he  had  expelled  all  foreign  soldiers  from  Naples,  he  was 
honoured  by  the  device  of  a  stork  killing  serpents1  (Fig.  102),  the 
symbol  of  enemies  overcome.  Motto,  Post  longi  tssdia  belli,  "  After 
the  fatigues  of  a  long  war." 

A  falcon 2  holding  a  bird  in  its  claw,  JSfon  sibi  sed  Domino,  "  Not 
for  himself,  but  for  the  Lord," — i.e.,  for  his  king  and  master. 

Gonsalvo,  Fernando,  Duke  of  Sessa,  son  of  the  Great  Captain 
and  Elvira.  He  showed,  in  the  wars  in  Naples,  no  less  cunning  than 
bravery.  Wishing,  therefore,  to  make  known  how  much  he  had 
succeeded  by  ingenuity,  he  took  for  device  one  of  the  winches,  or  levers, 

1  "  So    highly   regarded  they  are  for  fellon   in  the  case  of  manslaughter." — 

slaying  of  serpents,  that  in  Thessalie  it  Pliny,  book  x.,  ch.  23. 
is   accounted  a  oapitall  crime  to   kill  a  2  Boschio,  R.  P.  J.,  '  Symbolographia,' 

storke,  and  by  law  he  is  punished  as  a  Aug.  Vind.,  1701,  passim. 


AND  WAK-CKIES.  137 

with  ropes,  by  means  of  wliich  the  strongest  cross-bow  is  loaded  without 
any  difficulty.  Motto,  Ingenium  superat  vires,  "Wit  overcomes 
strength." 

Gonzaga  or  Mantua.1 

Gonzaga,  Gian.  Francesco,  Marquis  of  Mantua  (-j-1519).  Fran- 
cesco began  his  career  by  commanding  the  confederate  army,  at  the 
battle  of  the  Taro  near  Fornova,  against  Charles  VIII.,  1495.  Neither 
party  gained  the  victory.  He  married  Isabella,  daughter  of  Ercole, 
Duke  of  Ferrara  (see  Este,  Isabella).  Notwithstanding  his  military 
occupations,  he  found  time  to  apply  himself  to  letters,  and  his  wife  was  ' 
not  less  distinguished  by  her  elegant  accomplishments  and  refined 
taste.     Ariosto  has  devoted  several  stanzas  to  their  praise. 

When  he  had  cleared  himself  from  the  false  accusations  made  against 
him  to  the  Venetians,  who  had  appointed  him  Captain  General  of  their 
forces,  he  caused  to  be  painted  upon  his  standard  a  crucible  filled  with 
bars  of  gold,  in  a  furnace,  with  the  motto,  Probasti  me  Domine  et 
cognovisti,  "  Thou  hast  tried  me,  0  Lord,  and  hast  known  me." 2 
A  collar  of  oval  medallions  with  crucibles,  and  the  motto,  Domine 
probasti  me,  "Lord,  thou  hast  tried  me,"  were  the  insignia  of  the 
order  of  the  "Redeemer,"  or  "the  precious  blood  of  Jesus  Christ," 
of  Mantua.3 

Gonzaga,  Sigismund,  Cardinal  (-f  1525).  Brother  to  Gian  Fran- 
cesco. Eepenting  of  having  been,  with  Cardinal  Aragon,  the  means 
of  the  election  of  Leo  X.  to  the  papal  see,  he  bore  as  device,  a  crocodile, 
with  the  motto,  Crocodili  lachrimae,  as  signifying  the  dissimulation  of 
those  who  are  full  of  fair  words,  with  hatred  in  their  hearts ;  as  the 
crocodile  pretends  to  shed  tears  to  attract  passers  by  within  his  reach. 

1  The  ancient  arms  of  Gonzaga  are  or,  tried  in  the  fire,  men  in  adversity,"  Apoc, 
three  bars  sable.  The  Emperor  Charles  Eceles.  ii.  5.  "  As  gold  in  the  furnace 
IV.,  who  was  King  of  Bohemia,  granted  hath  he  tried  them,"' Wisdom  iii.  6.  See 
the  Gonzaga  family  the  arms  of  Bohemia,  also  Job  xxiii.  10;  Ps.  xii.  6;  lxvi.  10  ; 
gules,  a  lion  rampant  argent,  crowned  Zech.  xiii.  9  ;  1  Peter  i.  7  ;  Rev.  iii.  18. 
or.  In  1433  the  Emperor  Sigismund  3  Bronze  medallion,  Giovanni  Fran- 
gave  argent,  four  eagles  of  the  empire  cesco  Gonzaga.  Diam.  1£  in.,  cast  and 
sable,  divided  by  a  cross  gules.  In  1535  chased,  quattro-cento  period  (Pisanello  ?) 
Frederic  III.  placed  the  word  Olympus  Ob.,  bust  of  Gonzaga,  inscribed  Iohannes 
in  Greek  letters  under  the  coronet,  and  Franciscus  Gonz.  Rev.,  an  ingot  of  gold 
above  the  altar,  with  Fides  for  Montserrat.  in  the  midst  of  flames,  with  the  motto, 

2  A  favourite  symbol  in  scripture.  Probitas  laudator  on  a  scroll,  and  in- 
"  They  shall  be  tried  as  the  gold  in  the  scribed  MarcMo  comes  Eoti. — South  Ken- 
fire,"  2  Esdras  xvi.  73.       "  For  gold   is  siwjton  Museum. 


138  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

"The  crocodile,"  says  Albertus,  "kills  men  and  then  weeps;"  hence 
the  epithet  of  "crocodile's  tears,"  so  often  alluded  to  by  poets. 
Shakspeare  makes  Queen  Margaret  say  that  Henry  is 

"  Too  full  of  foolish  pity:  and  Gloster's  show 
Beguiles  him,  as  the  mournful  crocodile 
With  sorrow  snares  relenting  passengers." 

King  Henry  VI.,  2nd  Part,  Act  iii ,  sc.  1. 

And  Othello,  in  his  rage,  exclaims : 

"  If  that  the  earth  could  teem  with  woman's  tears, 
Each  drop  she  falls  would  prove  a  crocodile." 

Othello,  Act  iv.,  sc.  1. 

Again,  Lelia,  in  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  declares : 

"  No,  I  would  sooner  trust  a  crocodile 
When  he  sheds  tears,  for  he  kills  suddenly, 
And  ends  our  cares  at  once." 

The  Captain. 

Gonzaga,  Frederigo  III.,  first  created  Duke  of  Mantua  by  the 
Emperor  Charles  V.  for  his  defence  of  Pavia  (-f-  1540).  The  sun, 
with  the  motto,  Solus  indeficiens,  "  Alone  never  wanting,"  to  mark  the 
constancy  of  a  faithful  friend  who  never  changes. 

Gonzaga,  Ercole,  Cardinal  of  Mantua  (-f-  1563).  Governor  of 
Tivoli,  son  of  Gian.  Francesco,  brother  of  Frederic  III.,  and  guardian 
to  Francis  III. ;  a  patron  of  letters,  papal  legate  and  president 
of  the  Council  of  Trent.  Two  swans  fighting  an  eagle,  with  the 
motto,  Sic  repugnant,1  "  Thus  they  oppose  one  another."  This 
device  is  also  given  by  Petrasancta,  with  the  motto,  Lacessitus, 
"  Provoked." 

According  to  Aristotle  and  iElian,  the  swan  is  at  peace  with  all 
animals,  but  the  eagle  alone  assails  it,  and  is  always  defeated ;  the 
swan  fights  valiantly,  and  justly  conquers  the  bird  who  provokes 
it.  Pliny  says :  "  Swans  and  eagles  jarre  and  warre  one  with 
another." 2 

Thus  the  Cardinal  would  imply,  that  he  was  naturally  peacefully 
disposed,  but  would  defend  himself  against  any  who  assailed  him.  As  the 
swan  never  leaves  her  young  in  the  nest,  and  bravely  defends  them  if 

1  "  Aquilam,  si  pugnam  crepirit,  repugnantes  vincunt." — Aristotle. 

-  Book  x.,  ch.  7. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  139 

attacked,  so  also  the  Cardinal  was  prepared  to  protect  and  uphold  his 
young  nephews,  of  whom  his  brother  Frederic  had  left  him  the 
guardian. 

Gonzaga.  Giulia  (  +  1566),  great-granddaughter  of  Louis  III., 
Marquis  of  Mantua, — the  most  lovely  woman  of  her  time.  The  fame 
of  her  beauty  reached  the  ears  of  the  Emperor  Soliman,  who  sent  the 
corsair  Barbarossa  to  make  a  descent  upon  Fondi  to  capture  her,  but 
Giulia,  by  means  of  a  swift  horse,  escaped  in  the  night.1  After  the 
death  of  her  husband,  Vespasian  Colonna,  she  would  listen  to  no  other 
proposals,  and  took  for  her  device  the  amaranth,  with  the  motto,  Non 
moritura,  "  Undying,"  to  express  the  eternity  of  her  love. 

According  to  Pliny :  "  When  all  other  flowers  doe  faile  and  are 
gone,  if  it  be  wet  in  water,  it  looketh  fresh  againe ;  and  for  want  of 
others,  serves  all  winter  long  to  make  chaplets  and  guirlands.  The 
chiefe  and  principall  vertue  that  it  hath,  is  shewed  in  the  very  name 
Amaranthus,  for  so  it  is  called  in  Greeke,  because  it  doth  never  fade 
or  wither.2 

"  Immorlal  amaranth,  a  flower  which  once 

In  Paradise,  fust  by  the  tree  of  life, 

Began  to  bloom,  but  soon  for  man's  offence 

To  heaven  removed,  where  first  it  grew,  there  grows 

And  flowers  aloft,  shading  the  fount  of  life." 

Milton. 

Ariosto  thus  addresses  Giulia  : 

"Giulia  Gonzaga,  che,  dovunque  il  piede 
Yolge,  e  dovunque  i  sereni  occhj  gira, 
Non  pure  ogni  altra  di  be! fa  le  cede, 
Ma,  comes  cesa  dal  ciel  dea,  l'ammira." 

Orlando  Furioso,  Cauto  xlvi.,  st.  8. 

•'  For  beauty,  grace,  where  e'er  her  foot  she  moves, 
Julia  Gonzaga  every  heart  approves  ; 
Where  e'er  she  darts  around  her  radiant  eyes, 
She  looks  a  goddess  lighted  from  the  skies." 

Hoole's  Translation. 

Gonzaga,  Luigi  di,  of  Gazalo  (-J-  1528),  styled  Rodomonte,  for 
his  intrepidity  and  great  strength.  He  was  a  favourite  of  Charles  V., 
and  was  in  his  army  with  Bourbon  at  the  sack  of  Borne,  after  which  he 
conducted  the  Pope  in  safety  to  Orvieto.    Clement  made  him  his  general, 

1  For  the  admiration  of  Cardiual  Ippolito  de'  Medici,  and  his  device  in  her  honour, 
see  Medici,  Iitolito,  Cardinal.  '-'  Book  xxi.,  ch.  8. 


140  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

and  in  the  assault  of  Yicovaro  he  was  struck  by  an  arquebuse,  and  died 
in  the  arms  of  his  wife,  Isabella,  daughter  of  Vespasian  Colonna.1 
Eodomonte  was  not  only  a  warrior,  but  an  accomplished  writer  and 
poet.     Ariosto  thus  describes  him  and  Isabella  : 

i4  Th'  immortal  pair 
Lov'd  by  the  Muses  and  the  god  of  war, 
Sprung  from  the  race  that  rul'd  the  favour'd  ground 
Which  Mincius'  stream  divides  and  lakes  surround. 
Of  these,  while  one  by  nature  still  inclin'd 
To  pay  due  homage  to  your  beauteous  kind, 
Bids  Cynthus  and  Parnassus  sound  his  lays, 
And  high  to  heaven  extend  your  swelling  praise  ; 
The  love,  with  truth  and  constancy  unmov'd, 
So  well  by  him  in  Isabella  prov'd, 
Exalts  your  sex  so  far,  your  fair  renown 
From  Envy's  shafts  he  guards  above  his  own ; 
Nor  lives  throughout  the  world,  so  brave  a  knight, 
Who  less  shall  fear  in  virtue's  cause  to  fight ; 
His  deeds  to  other  bards  a  theme  can  give, 
His  pen  can  bid  another's  glories  live : 
AVorthy  a  dame  so  wealthy,  who  (endow'd 
With  every  gift  by  bounteous  Heaven  allow'd 
The  female  name)  through  every  charm  could  prove 
A  steady  column  of  connubial  love. 
He  worthy  her,  she  worthy  him  to  bless ; 
No  worthier  two  each  other  to  possess." 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  xxxvii.,  8.     Hoole's  Translation. 

When  the  Emperor  Charles  V.  made  his  public  entry  into  Mantua, 
Eodomonte  wore  a  blue  surcoat,  made  in  squares.  Upon  one  was 
embroidered  a  scorpion,  upon  the  other  his  motto,  Qui  vivens  Isedit 
morte  medetur,  "  Who  living  wounds,  in  death  is  healed."  It  being 
the  property  of  the  scorpion,  when  killed  and  laid  over  the  wound, 
to  cure  the  poison,2  so  Eodomonte,  if  any  one  presumed  to  offend  him, 
would  clear  himself  from  the  injury  by  the  death  of  his  enemy. 

He  took  another  device.  Being  present  at  the  sack  of  Eome, 
where  he  was  among  the  first  to  enter  the  city,  he  said  that  the  taking 
and  destruction  of  Eome,  whether  for  good  or  evil,  would  nevertheless 
bring  fame  to  its  destroyers,  as  the  name  of  Erastotratus  was  handed 
down  to  posterity  through  his  burning  of  the  Temple  of  Diana, 
although  a  decree  was   issued   forbidding   his   name  to   be  uttered. 

1  '  Eitratti  di  cento  Capitani  illustri,'       and  drinke  the  powder  of  them  in  wine, 
Eoina,  1596.  it  is  thought  to  be  present  remedic." — 

2  If  a  man  bee  stung  with  a  Scorpion,       Pliny,  book  xi.,  ch.  25. 


AND  WAE-CEIES.  141 

So  Rodomonte  took  the  burning  Temple  of  Ephesus  for  his  device, 
with  the  motto,  AHerutra  clarescere  fama,  "  To  become  famous  by 
one  or  the  other  glory,"  which  was  given  to  him  by  Giovio,  and  which 
he  preferred  to  that  invented  by  himself,  Sive  honum,  sive  malum, 
fama  est,  "  Whether  good  or  ill,  it  is  glory." 

Gonzaga,  Scipione.  A  vessel  with  the  sails  furled,  and  impelled 
by  oars.  Motto,  Propriis  nitar,  "  I  rely  on  my  own."  Cardinal  Ercole 
was  his  friend  and  patron.  Scipione  made  this  device  after  his  death, 
showing  by  the  furled  sails  that  he  had  lost  the  assistance  he  had 
received,  and  must  make  his  way  through  life's  troubled  sea  by  his  own 
exertions, — i.e.,  with  the  oars. 

Gonzaga,  Pietro,  Cardinal  of  Mantua.  He  contributed  to  the 
release  of  Pope  Clement  VII.,  for  which  he  was  rewarded  by  a  Car- 
dinal's hat.  His  device  was,  Hercules  destroying  the  Lernean  hydra, 
with  the  motto,  Tu  ne  cede  malis,  "  Yield  not  to  misfortunes ;"  but 
advance  to  meet  them  all  the  more  bravely  : 

"  Tu  ne  cede  malis,  sed  contra  audentior  ito." 

Virgil's  JEneid,  book  xi.,  v.  95. 

"  Be  thou,  secure  of  soul,  unbent  by  woes, 
The  more  thy  fortune  frowns,  the  more  oppose." 

Deyden's  Translatioji. 

See,  also,  Gonzaga,  Cuktio,  and  Pallavicino,  Sforzo. 

Gonzaga,  Guglielmo,  third  duke  of  Mantua.  Justice  (Astrasa)  ; 
motto,  Cuique  suum,  "  Each  man  his  own."  His  wife,  Leonora  of 
Austria,  daughter  of  the  Emperor  Ferdinand,  took  a  pair  of  scales, 
Redde  cuique  suum,  "  Restore  to  each  his  own." 

Gonzaga,  Luigi  (-f-  1598),  brother  to  Francesco  and  Guglielmo, 
second  and  third  dukes.  He  married  Henrietta  of  Cleves,  sister  and 
heiress  of  Francis,  last  duke  of  Nevers.  Henrietta  afterwards  married 
Sigismund,  King  of  Poland.  A  seal  asleep  upon  a  rock  in  a  troubled 
sea,  with  the  motto,  Sic  quiesco,  "  So  rest  I." 

The  seal,  say  the  ancients,  is  never  struck  by  lightning.  The 
Emperor  Augustus  always  wore  a  belt  of  sealskin.  "  There  is  no 
living  creature  sleepeth  more  soundly,"  says  PHny,1  "  therefore  when 
storms  arise,  and  the  sea  is  rough,  the  seal  goes  upon  the  rocks,  where 
it  sleeps  in  safety,  unconscious  of  the  storm." 

1  Book  ix.,  eh.  13. 


142  HISTOKIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Gonzaga,  Vespasiano,  Duke  of  Sabionetta  and  Traietto.  Thunder- 
bolts striking  three  mountain  tops.  Motto,  Feriunt  summos,  "  They 
strike  the  summits/' 

Also  the  same  device,  with  the  motto,  His  impia  terrent,  "  By 
these  they  frighten  away  the  impious."   See  Colonna,  Vespasiano. 

Gonzaga,  Yicenzo.  Fourth  duke  (-(-1612).  A  crescent,  with 
the  word,  Sic,  "  Thus,"  which  some  explain  to  mean,  Sic  illustrior 
crescam,  "  Thus  I  shall  grow  more  illustrious," — that  is,  advance  in 
virtue,  a  motto  resembling  the  '•  Los  "  of  Eene  of  Anjou. 

Gonzaga,  Ferdinand,  sixth  duke,  son  of  Ferdinand,  Duke  of 
Guastalla.  The  sun.  Non  mutuatd  luce,  "  Not  with  borrowed  light," 
meaning  that  he  shone  by  his  own  merit  alone. 

Gonzaga,  Francesco,  Cardinal.  An  eagle  placing  its  foot  upon 
an  olive  branch.  Motto,  after  Virgil,1  Bella  gerant  alii,  "  Let  others 
wage  war  ;"  implying,  that  being  a  cardinal,  he  left  war  to  his  brothers, 
of  whom  there  were  five  in  the  army. 

Gonzaga,  Vicenzo,  Prince  of  Mantua.  A  lizard  in  a  tuft  of 
camomile.  Motto,  TEtemumque  tenebit,2  "  And  will  hold  (maintain) 
for  ever." 

Pliny  says :  "  There  is  a  certaine  hearbe  called  Calaminth,  most 
soveraigne  and  singular  against  the  biting  of  serpents,  wherewith  the 
Lezards,  whensoever  they  have  fought  with  them,  cure  their  wounds 
by  applying  it  thereto." :i 

Gonzaga,  Lucretia.  This  device  of  a  white  stag,  with  a  neck- 
lace, under  the  shade  of  a  laurel-tree.  Her  motto,  Nessun  mi  tocchi, 
"  Let  no  one  touch  me,"  was  suggested  by  the  sonnet  of  Petrarch, 
allegorical  of  his  devotion  to  Laura  : 

"  Una  Candida  cerva  sopra  l'erba 
Verde  m.'  apjmrve,  con  due  coma  d'  oro, 
Fia  due  rivere  a  1'  ombra  d'  un  Alloio, 
Levando  il  sole  a  la  stagion,  acerba." 

Petrarch  then  describes  the  necklace — 

"  Nessun  mi  tocchi,  al  bel  collo  d'intorno, 
Scritt'  avea  di  diamanti,  e  di  Topati, 
Libera  fnrmi  al  mio  Casare  parve." 


1  "  Bella  viri,  pacemque  gerant."  -  "  iEtemumque  tenebit  i^cr  sccula  nomen." 

JEneid,  lib.  vii.  Vihgil. 

3  Book  viii.,  oh.  27. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  143 

The  white  stag  is  the  emblem  of  purity — so  is  the  laurel-tree 
(Daphne) ;  and  the  shade  of  the  laurel  is  also  the  emblem  of  safety, 
the  lightning  never  striking  this  tree.  The  topaz  indicates  purity, 
and  also  the  diamond,  as  it  yields  neither  to  fire  nor  iron. 

Lucretia  was  left  early  a  widow ;  her  husband  was  many  years  a 
prisoner.  By  her  device  she  meant  to  convey  Ler  intention  of 
preserving  her  fame  unsullied. 

Gonzaga,  Cuktio,  an  Italian  poet.  He  had  various  imprese 
du  amove.  An  eagle  flying  towards  the  sun,  and  burning  its  feathers, 
with  the  words,  Pur  die  ne  godan  gli  ocelli,  ardan  le  piume,  "  Let  his 
feathers  burn,  provided  his  eyes  feast." 

This,  if  not  an  impresa  amorosa,  may  be  taken  as  implying,  that 
nothing,  even  death  itself,  should  stop  him  from  feasting  his  mind 
upon  the  light  of  science,  of  which  the  sun  (Apollo)  is  the  fountain. 

Being  deceived  in  his  hopes  from  his  lady,  he  took  a  pine-tree, 
broken  and  struck  by  lightning.  Motto,  II  mio  sperar,  "  My  hope," 
converting  into  a  device,  the  lines  of  Petrarch — 

"  Allor,  cbe  fulminato  e  morto  giacque 
II  inio  sperar,  clie  troppo  alto  montava." 

"  Then  my  hopes  which  mounted  too  high,  lie  thunderstruck  and  dead." 

Finding  his  hopes  now  dead,  but  his  affections  unchanged,  he  took 
the  hydra,  with  the  motto,  from  Petrarch,  E  s  io  V  uccidi,  pih  jorte 
rinasce,  "And  if  I  kill  it,  more  strong  it  revives"  (Fig.  103). 


Fig.  103.— Curtio  Uonzaga. 

He  also  took  Cupid  with  two  wings  in  his  hands.     Motto,  also  from 


144  HISTOKIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Petrarch,  Con  queste, "  Witli  these," — meaning  wisdom  and  virtue,  which 
are  the  two  means  by  which  we  attain  to  a  knowledge  of  the  Divinity. 

"  The  feathers  of  a  bird  I  wore, 
By  which  above  the  poles  I  soar ; 
Which  when  my  swift  mind  doth  embrace, 
All  earthly  things  I  count  as  base.'' 

T.  Heywood. 

Gonzaga,  Carlo,  sixteenth  duke  (-f-  1657).  A  tulip  looking  at 
the  sun.  Motto,  Syn  sus  rayos,  mys  desmajos,  "  Without  its  rays,  I 
wither."  x 

Gouffier,2  Claude  de,  Marquis  de  Boisy,  Due  de  Eoannois, 
Grand  Ecuyer  de  France  (-j- 1570-2).  He  took  as  his  device,  a 
branch  lopped  off  (souche  estronquee),  with  the  motto,  Hie  terminus 
heeret,  "  Here  the  boundary  is  fixed  "  (Fig.  1 04),  implying,  that  being 


Fig.  104. — Gouffier. 

the  personal  friend  of  his  sovereign,  Henry  II.,  and  loaded  by  him  with 
honours,  his  ambition  was  satisfied — he  wanted  nothing  more. 

This  motto  appears,  with  his  monogram  and  that  of  Henry  II., 
on  the  tiles  of  the  chapel  in  his  chateau  of  Oiron  (Deux  Sevres),  in 
Touraine,  built  by  Claude  Gouffier,  conjointly  with  his  mother, 
Helene  Hangest,  to  whom  the  arts  are  indebted  for  that  mysterious 
ware,  called  "  faience  de  Henri  deux,"  fabricated,  under  her  direction, 
at  Oiron. 

Granveld,  Antonio  Perenoto,  Cardinal   de   (-f-  1586).     The 

1  Other  mottoes  for  the  tulip —  Guillaume,  saved  the  life  of  Charles  VIII. 
Languesco  sole  latente,  "The  sun  hid-       tit  Fornova,  and  was  chosen  governor  of 

den,  I  languish."  the  Due  de  Valois,  who,  when  Francis  I., 

Senza  i  suoi  raggi  io perdo  miabellezza,  loaded    him   with   honours,   and    made 

"  Without  its  rays,  I  lose  my  beauty."  him  Marquis  de  Carabas.     He  married 

2  Guillaume  Gouffier,  friend  of  Charles  Helene  de  Hangest,  who  resided  from 
VII.,  received  from  that  monarch  the  1524,  after  his  death,  at  Oiron,  till  she 
demesne  of  Oiron,  and  afterwards  that  of  died,  1537,  with  her  son  Claude,  whom 
Boisy.  Louis  XI.  confided  to  him  the  Henry  II.  made  marquis,  and  afterwards 
education  of  his  son,  afterwards  Charles  duke.  In  1568  the  chateau  was  devas- 
VIII.      Artus,    Sire    de    Boisy,    son    of  tated  by  the  Huguenots. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  145 

skilful  minister  of  Charles  V.,  and  Philip  II.,  associated  with  Margaret 
of  Parma  in  the  government  of  the  Low  Countries,  until  superseded 
by  the  Duke  of  Alva.  A  Burgundian  by  birth,  of  the  family  of 
Plantin,  the  celebrated  printer  of  Antwerp.  He  was  a  patron  of 
letters  and  a  collector  of  paintings,  books,  and  manuscripts. 

A  ship  beaten  by  the  waves  (Fig.  1 05).  Motto,  Durate,  "  Endure," 1 
from  the  '  -ZEneid,5  when  iEneas,  in  the  act  of  being  shipwrecked, 


Fig.  105. — Cardinal  Sranveld. 

through  the  instrumentality  of  his  enemy,  Juno,  addresses  a  conso- 
latory speech  to  his  companions,  which  concludes,  Durate  et  vosmet 
rebus  servate  seewndis. 

"  Endure  the  hardships  of  the  present  state  : 
Live  and  reserve  yourselves  for  better  fate." 

Deyden's  Virgil. 

Hold  out  and  preserve  yourselves  for  more  prosperous  circumstances. 

The  hope  of  better  times  is  the  strongest  argument  that  can  be  used  to 

inspirit  the  drooping  resolution. 

Motley2  states  that  at  Gran  veld's  villa  of  La  Fontaine,  near  Brussels, 

over  the  great  gate  was  the  marble  statue  of  a  female.  "  It  held  an 

empty  wine-cup  in  one  hand,  and  an  urn  of  flowing  water  in  the  other. 

Durate  was  engraved  on  a  pedestal,  meaning  that  his  power  would 

outlast  that  of  the  nobles,  and,  perennial  and  pure  as  living  water,  it 

would  flow  tranquilly  on  long  after  the  wine  of  life  had  been  drunk  to 

the  lees." 

1  "  Endure  and  conquer,  Jove  will  soon  dispose 
To  future  good  our  past  and  present  woes." 

Dryden's  Virgil, 
2  '  Rise  of  the  Dutch  Republic.' 

L 


146 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


Grimaldi.  The  motto  of  the  house,  Deo  juvante,1 "  God  helping." 
Arms,  lozengv,  argent,  and  gules. 

Gritti,  Andrea  (-f-1539).  At  the  head  of  the  Venetian  army, 
he  expelled  the  Imperialists  from  Padua,  and  defended  it  against  the 
Emperor  Maximilian,  but  was  surprised  and  taken  prisoner  at  Brescia 
by  Gaston  de  Foix.  Appointed  doge  in  1523,  Venice  recovered  during 
his  administration  all  she  had  lost  by  the  League  of  Cambray.  Being 
provveditore,  or  commissary  of  the  Venetian  army,  he  took  for  device, 
Atlas,  with  the  world  on  his  shoulders.  Motto,  Sustinet  neefatiscit, 
"  Sustains  nor  grows  weary." 

Grollier,  Jean  (-f-1565).  Appointed  by  Francis  I.  treasurer 
of  the  Milanese,  after  the  battle  of  Pavia,  he  returned  to  Paris,  and 
became  celebrated  as  the  patron  of  literary  men.  He  formed  a  collection 
of  books,  remarkable  for  the  excellence  of  the  editions  and  the  beauty  of 
the  binding.  Each  book  bore  two  inscriptions,  showing  his  tenderness 
to  his  friends,  and  his  piety.  Inscribed  in  letters  of  gold,  on  one  side 
was,  Io  GroUierii  et  amicorum ;  on  the  other,  Portio  mea  Domine  sit  in 
terra  viventium,  "  Let  my  portion,  0  Lord,  be  in  the  land  of  the  living." 

Grypheus.     See  Baglione. 

Gueldres,  Dukes  of.     It  was  the   custom  of  pilgrims   to    holy 


Fig.  1C6.— Gueldres,  Dukes  of. 

places  to  leave  knotted  branches  of  the  Genista,  or  other  plants,  on 

1  Motto  of  the  Earl  of  Fife.    Deo  culjuvanie, "  God  assisting,"  of  the  Earl  of  Exinoutli. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  147 

their  way,  upon  little  heaps  of  stones,  to  guide  those  who  followed 
them.  This  is  the  Mountjoye  1  of  the  pilgrims,  and  is  said  to  have 
been  the  device  of  the  dukes  of  Gueldres  (Fig.  106),  with  the  motto, 
Sans  autre  guide,  "  Without  other  guide." 

Guise,  Lorraine,  Claude  de,  Comte  de,  founder  of  the  illus- 
trious house  which  for  eighty  years  wielded  the  destinies  of  France, 
was  a  younger  son  of  Duke  Bene  II.,  of  Lorraine  (see),  and  obtained 

the  favour  of  Francis  If.,  who  erected  his  territory  into  a  duchy.  He 
advanced  in  riches  and  honour,  and  it  was  of  him  that  Francis  II. 
made  the  well  known  observation  that, 

"Ceux  de  Guise, 
Mettent  les  rois  de  France  et  leurs  cnfans  en  chemise." 

Claude  used  the  Lorraine  motto  (see  Anjou,  RenIc),  amplified,  and 
placed  it  over  a  maison  de  plaisance,  on  the  banks  of  the  Marne. 
"  Toutes  pour  une,  la  et  non  plus.' 2  He  assumed  all  the  quartering?, 
on  his  shield  which  showed  the  lofty  pretensions  of  his  family,  and  at 
his  funeral,  his  pall  was  semee  with  the  double  cross  of  Jerusalem, 
which  afterwards  became  the  celebrated  and  special  badge  of  the 
house  of  Lorraine  and  of  its  adherents,3  with  a  green  scarf,  the  colour 
of  their  livery. 

Guise,  Francois  de  Lorraine,  second  Duke  (-j-1563).  "Vrai 
serviteur  de  Dieu,  de  France,  et  de  son  Roy." 

Marked  his  horses  with  <I>  (Greek  phi),  a  D  and  G,  as  initials  of 
his  name,  Francois,  Due  de  Guise. 

1  A  hill  near  Jerusalem,  whence  pil-  these    road-signs,    "  monte    gaudii  "  — 

grims  first  caught  a  glimpse  of  the  Holy  mountjoyes — because,    when    they    saw 

City,    was   called   Mountjoy,   or   Monte-  them,  they  began   to  rejoice  at  having 

gioia  ;  it  was  surrounded  by  a   tower  for  arrived  at  the  end  of  their  journey, 

their  protection,  and  an  order  of  knights  '  '  Histoire  des  Dues  de   Guise,'  par 

instituted  for   their  defence    {Ashmole).  Rene  de  Bouille'.     Paris,  1S49. 

Hence  the  term  was  applied  to  wayside  3  A  writer  says  that  the  double  cross 

marks  showing  the  road  to  holy  places.  "  monstra  que  les  Dues  de  Lorraine  ont 

A  heap  of  stones,  surmounted  by  a  cross  or  este  doublemont  Chrestiens,  lorsque  non 

by  plaited  branches  of  plants ;  and  some-  contens  de  leur  pays,  assis  au  coeur  de  la 

times  towers  of  refuge  on  the  high  road,  chrestiente,  ils  ont  entrepris  la  couquete 

were  so  called.     Near  St.  Peter's  was  a  de  Hic'rusalem  et  de  toute  la  terre  sainte 

Mountjoye,  by  which  pilgrims  knew  they  a  leurs  despans,  s'en  sont  rendus  maistres, 

were  near  that  church ;  and  the  Emperor  en  ont  jony  longtemps,  et  en  sont  morts 

Frederic  I.  entered  Kome  by  the  "  Mount-  roys  paisibles."—  Ouedint,  Historic  MSS. 

joye  "  tower.     Crosses  marked   the  road  de  la  Maison  de  Guise. 
from  Paris  to  St.  Denis.    Pilgrims  called 

L    2 


148 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


From  the  first,  the  Dukes  of  Guise  constituted  themselves  the 
enemies  of  the  reformed  religion,  and,  after  the  fashion  of  the  age,  a 
contemporary  author  finds  in  Francois  de  Lorraine  the  anagram, 
Croi  dans  lafoi,  nerre. 

Guise,  Charles  de,  Cardinal  de  Lorraine  (-j-1574),  younger 
son  of  Claude,  and  brother  of  Francois  (second  Duke).  The  poets  of 
the  time  called  him  Mercury,  from  his  eloquence ;  his  precocious 
talents  caused  him  to  be  styled  monstre  de  la  nature  by  the  Chancellor 
Olivier,  who  found  in  the  name,  Carolus  Lotaringus,  the  anagram, 
Orator  gallicus  unus. 


^W 


Fig.  107. — Cardinal  de  Lorraine. 


His  enemies  on  the  other  side  derived  from  Charles  de  Lorraine 
two  other  anagrams,  renard  lasclie  le  roi,  and  racle  as  Tor  de  Henri,  in 
allusion  to  his  great  wealth,  and  to  his  administration  of  the  finances, 
hence  too  he  was  termed  Cardinal  de  la  mine,  instead  of  Lorraine.  The 
Cardinal  de  Lorraine  took  for  device  a  pyramid  (Fig.  107)  surmounted 
by  a  crescent,  and  encircled  by  green  ivy,  with  the  motto,  Te  stante 
virebo,  "  While  you  stand,  I  shall  flourish,"  which  his  enemies  turned 
to  his  disadvantage  by  saying,  Te  virente  peribo,  "  While  you  flourish, 
I  shall  perish," — alluding  to  the  monarch  or  the  crown  of  France  which 


AND  WAE-CEIES.  149 

the  omnipotence  of  the  Cardinal  placed  in  danger.  By  the  pyramid, 
the  Cardinal  meant  the  favour  of  Henry  II. ;  by  the  crescent,  the  king 
himself,  whose  device  it  was. 

The  Cardinal  had  also  another  device,  a  light  placed  upon  a  high 
candlestick,  with  the  motto,  Lux  publico,  principis  ignes,  "  The  prince's 
fire,  the  public  lights." 

Guise,  Louis  de,  Lorraine,  Cardinal  de  (-4-1578).  Archbishop  of 
Rheiins,  brother  of  Francois  and  the  Cardinal  de  Lorraine,  generally 
styled  "  Cardinal  des  Bouteilles."  The  emblem  which  he  gave  himself 
was  nine  zeros,  000,000,000,  with  the  motto,  Roc  per  se  nihil  est,  sed 
si  minimum  addideris  maximum  fiat,  "  This  by  itself  is  nothing,  but 
if  thou  shouldst  add  the  least,  it  will  become  the  greatest,"  as  implying, 
sa)  s  Ourdin,  that  nature  of  herself  can  do  nothing  acceptable  in  the 
sight  of  Heaven ;  but  assisted  by  Divine  grace,  it  can  do  all  thiDgs.1 

A  medal  struck  in  his  honour  attributes  also  to  him  the  symbol  of 
a  paschal  lamb  surrounded  by  celestial  light,  and  holding  between  its 
fore-feet  a  cross,  to  which  is  attached  a  banner  of  two  points,  the 
whole  encircled  by  the  legend,  Ortu  clarus,  sine  dolo,  "  By  birth 
illustrious,  without  deceit," — an  anagram  of  his  name. 

Marie  de  Lorraine,  Queen  of  Scotland,  and  mother  of  Mary 
Stuart,  was  sister  of  these  three  brothers.     See  Scotland. 

Guise,  Henri  de  Lorraine,  (-j-1588),  third  Duke  "le  Balafre."2 
On  his  base  assassination  at  Blois,  the  green  scarf  of  the  leaguers 
was  changed  to  black.  When  three  hundred  Guisard  horse,  under 
Brosse,  Savense  and  d'Allonville,  were  taken  and  slain  by  Chatillon, 
the  officers  wore  the  Guise  mourning — black  standards  charged  with 
the  cross  of  Lorraine,  the  lances  painted  black  and  semee  with  tears. 
Savense  had  caused  to  be  inscribed  in  red  upon  his  guidon  these 
Spanish  words,  Moriro  mas  contento,  signifying  that  he  would 
die  content  if  he  avenged  the  murder  of  the  Balafre  and  his  brother. 

On  the  death  of  Henry  III.  the  implacable  Duchesse  de  Mont- 
pensier  caused  an  immediate  distribution  of  green  scarfs,  colours  of 
the  house  of  Lorraine,  instead  of  the  black  mourning  for  the  Balafre. 

In  Henri  de  Lorraine,  Due  de  Guise,  was  found  the  anagram, 

1  See  Fregosa,  Ottaviano. 
2  It  was  lie  who  took  Calais  from  the       saying,  when  speaking  of  a  general  un- 
English,  and  finally  expelled  them  from       equal   to   a   great  undertaking,  "  II   ne 
France,  a  deed  considered,  so  hopeless  to       chassera   jamais    les     Anglais    hors   de 
accomplish,    that    it    was   a    proverbial       France." — BuantGme. 


150  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Ne  hardi,  il  decide  nos  guerres.  From  Henri  de  Valois;  Vilain 
Herodes,  and  Boi  es  de  nul  hai.  From  his  assassin,  Jacques  Clement ; 
Venfer  ma  cree. 

Over  the  hotel  of  the  Dukes  of  Guise  were  placed  two  A's  within 
tvvo  O's  (Fig.  108),  meaning,  A  chacun  son  tour. 

@f\\  This  device,  taken  by  the  family  during  the  time  of 
Lily  the  League,  was  interpreted  by  their  enemies  as 
implying  the  ambitious  designs  they  had  formed 
upon  the  crown  of  France,  which  they  pretended  to 
belong  to  them  by  descent.  But  the  people,  who  were  attached  to  the 
family,  viewed  the  motto  in  a  more  liberal  sense,  and  attributed  it  as 
referring  to  the  inconstancy  of  worldly  affairs,  and  as  meaning,  "  If 
you  now  have  the  advantage  over  us,  if  you  persecute  and  hate 
us,  we  will  try  to  revenge  ourselves  in  our  turn." 

Guise,  Henri  de  Lorraine,  Due  de  (+  1664).  The  hero  of 
the  romantic  expedition  to  Naples.  Before  he  set  out  for  Italy,  he 
took  for  device  Mount  Vesuvius,  with  the  motto,  Undique  terror,  "  On 
all  sides  terror." 

Hagenbach,  Pierre  de.  The  reeve  or  bailiff  of  Charles  the  Rash, 
for  the  Burgundian  provinces  adjoining  Switzerland.  See  Berne. 
His  badge  was  a  die,  with  the  motto,  Je  passe,  to  express  his  intention 
of  awaiting  a  favourable  chance. 

A  die,  with  the  motto,  Nusquam  devius,  "  Nowhere  out  of  the 
way,"  was  the  device  of  the  Chancellor  Seguier ;  and  with  Semper 
aliquid,1  "  Always  somewhat,"  that  of  Clement  Piccolomini. 

Hainault,  William  VI.,  Count  of  Holland  (-)-  1417),  son  of 
Albert  of  Bavaria  and  father  of  the  celebrated  Jacqueline.  He  bore 
for  device  a  harrow  on  his  standard,  which  was  displayed  in  the 
Christian  army  against  the  Saracens*  in  Africa,  before  the  town  of 
Mara.  Motto,  Evertit  et  sequat,  "  It  crushes  and  levels," — meaning 
that  a  prince  may,  by  his  wise  laws  and  good  government,  subvert 
bad   principles   and    crush   those   who    resist   his    authority.2      See 

MORVILLIERS. 

Hopital,   Michel  de   l'  (-J-  1573),  the  virtuous   chancellor  of 

1  Semper    jactatus,    "  Always    tossed  of  Ostrevaut,  eldest  son  of  Duke  Albert 
about,"  is  another  motto  for  the  die.  of  Bavaria,  Count  of  Hainault,  Holland, 

2  "  Then  were  placed  the  Hainalettiers  and  Zealand,  which  device  was  a  harrow 
whose  standard  bore  the  device  of  Lord  or,  on  a  field  gules." — Froissart. 
William  of  Hainault.  at  that  time  Count 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  151 

Francis  II.  and  Charles  IX.,  and  previously  of  Marguerite  de  Valois, 
Duchess  of  Berry,  one  of  the  principal  legislators  of  France.  He 
resigned  the  seals  after  the  massacre  of  St.  Bartholomew.  He  lived 
austerely,  and  died  poor.  For  his  arms,  he  took  his  device  of  a  rock 
in  the  midst  of  the  sea,  and  a  thunderbolt  falling  upon  it.  Motto, 
Impavidum  ferient  ruinse,  "Ruin  will  strike  in  vain  the  fearless."1 

Horologgi,  Giustiniano.  A  hand  with  a  rod,  angling.  Non  capio 
ni  cajpior,  "  I  catch  not,  nor  am  caught." 

"  The  pleasant's  angling  is  to  see  the  fish 
Cut  with  her  golden  oars  the  silver  stream, 
And  greedily  devour  the  treacherous  bait." 

Much  Ado  about  Nothing,  Act  hi.,  sc.  1. 

Iceland.  Gules,  a  stockfish  argent,  crowned,  or,  are  the  appropriate 
arms  of  Iceland,  and  borne  by  the  kings  of  Denmark.  Before  the 
discovery  of  Newfoundland,  the  principal  supply  of  codfish  for  the 
countries  of  Europe  was  obtained  from  Iceland  and  Norway.2  "  Of 
Iceland,"  says  Hakluyt,  "  to  write  is  little  nede,  save  of  stock-fish." 3 

Isolani,  Count  Antonio.  To  show  that  good  men  may  after  all 
say,  In  tribulatione  dilatasti  me,  "  In  tribulation  thou  hast  enlarged 
me,"4  he  had  for  his  device,  a  serpent  that  had  cast  its  skin  looking  up 
to  the  sun,  from  which  it  receives  strength  at  that  time.  Motto, 
Nitidus,  "  ShiniDg." 

Shakspeare  alludes  to  the  snake  casting  its  skin : 

"  And  there  the  snake  throws  her  enamell'd  skin, 
Weed  wide  enough  to  wrap  a  fairy  in." 

Midsummer-Night's  Dream,  Act  ii.,  so.  2. 

And  again,  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  : 

"  I  could  thrust  my  head  betwixt  two  poles,  and  strip  me  out  of 
My  old  skin  like  a  snake."  TJie  Captain. 

Ascanio  Salimbeni  used  the  same  device  as  an  emblem  of  immor- 
tality or  regeneration,  with  the  motto,  Cangio  la  vecehia  e  nuova 
spoglia  prenda,  "  I  cast  off  the  old  and  put  on  new  spoils  " — as 
St.  Paul  says,  "  put  on  the  new  man,"  &c.5 

See,  also,  Savoy,  Emmanuel  Philibert. 


1  Godefro3r,  ' Histoire des  Chanceliers.'  4  "Thou  hast  enlarged  me  when  I  was 

Moule,  '  Heraldry  of  Fish.'  in  distress."— Psalms  iv.  1. 

3  '  Principal  Navigation,'  &c.,  15S9.  5  Ephes.  iv.  22. 


i 


152  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Jeanne  d'Albret,  Queen  of  Navarre  in  1555-J-1572.     Daughter 
of  Henry  II,  King  of  Navarre,  and  Marguerite  d'Angouleme  (see). 
When  Jeanne  was  born  Charles  V.  observed,  "  Milagro  !    la  vaca  hizo 
una  oveja  !" — "  Wonders  !  the  cow  has  had  a  sheep,"  alluding  to  the 
arms  of  Beam  (see  Foix)      The  usual  sobriquet  given  by  the  Spaniards 
to  her  father  Henri  was,  el  vaquero,  "  the  cowherd."      Henry,    on 
the  birth  of  his  grandson  Henry  IV.,  taking  up  the  infant  into  his 
arms,  passed  into  the  ante -chamber,  and  holding  it  up  said,  "  Senores 
mira,  agora  esta  oveja  pario  un  leone"  "  Look,  sirs !  now  this  sheep 
has  brought  forth  a  lion,"  alluding  to  the  contemptuous  speech  of 
Charles  V.     First  given  in  marriage  to  the  Duke  of  Cleves,  against 
which,  though  only  twelve  years  of  agp,  she  made  a  most  spirited 
protest,  but  was  threatened  to  be  severely  whipped  by  her  governess 
if  she  did  not  speedily  show  a  becoming   submission.      Jeanne  was 
so  laden  with  jewels  on  her  bridal  day  that  she  could  not  walk,  and 
the  king  ordered  the  Constable  Montmorency  to  carry  the  little  bride, 
instead  of  walking  before  her  with  the  sword  of  state,  an  indignity 
indicating  his  approaching  disgrace.1     The  marriage  festivities  were 
followed  by  a  general  rise  of  the  gaoelle,  so  that  her  nuptials  were 
after  alluded  to  under  the  sobriquet  of  "les  noces  salees."  2 

Jeanne  showed  great  attachment  to  her  father,  who  was  very 
proud  of  her ;  so  that  between  his  indulgence  and  that  of  her  uncle, 
King  Francis,  the  child  narrowly  escaped  being  spoiled  ;  and  so  appa- 
rent became  the  fact  that  the  courtiers  bestowed  upon  "la  petite 
Madame  Jeanne"  the  sobriquet  of  "  La  mignonne  des  rois." 3  Her 
motto,  Gratia,  Dei  sum  quod  sum,  "By  the  grace  of  God,  I  am 
what  I  am," 4  was  the  same  as  that  of  Charlemagne. 

On  emerging  from  retirement,  after  the  death  of  Antoine,  her 
husband,  she  ordered  a  medal  to  be  struck,  and  distributed  among  her 
people.  Its  device  and  emblem  indicating  her  determination  to  surmount 
every  difficulty.  On  one  side  of  the  medal  were  the  arms  of  Beam, 
with  the  motto,  Sum  id  quod  sum,  "  I  am  that  I  am."  The  reverse 
bore  the  device  of  a  flower,  with  the  words,  Aid  faciat,  aut  inveniat 
viam,  "  Either  make  or  find  a  way." 

Jeanne  d'Arc  (+  1430).     The  arms  which  Jeanne  d'Orleans,  her 

1  Miss  Freer,  '  Life  of  Marguerite  d'  3  Cayet,  '  Chron.  Novenaire.' 

Angouleme,  Queen  of  Navarre.'  *  Syineone  Gab.,  Scntentiose,  impresc, 

-  Mezerai.  et  dialogo  del.'     Lyon,  1560. 


AND  "WAR-CRIES. 


153 


brothers,  and  their  descendants  took,1  were  composed  by  Charles  VII. 
himself,  and  are,  azure,  a  sword  argent  in  pale,  crossed  and  pom- 
meled or,  supporting  on  the  point  a  crown  of  gold  cotice  with  two  flenrs 
de  lis  of  the  same  (Fig.  109).  The  special  device,  borne  by  Jeanne  was 
a  hand  holding  a  sword,  motto,  Consilio  firmata  Dei,  "  Strengthened 
by  the  counsel  of  God,"  which  Vulson  states  to  have  seen  upon  a  medal 


Fig.  109.— Jeanne  d'Arc. 


struck  in  her  honour,  after  she  had  caused  Charles  to  be  crowned  at 
Eheims.  Also,  a  bee  upon  a  hive  crowned,  Usee  Virgo  Regnum 
mucrone  tuetur,  "  This  Virgin  defends  the  kingdom  with  a  sword." 

In  the  gallery  of  the  Palais  Royal 3  was  painted  for  her  device, 
a  phoenix,  with  the  motto,  Invito  funere  vivat,  "  Her  death  itself  will 
make  her  live." 

Joyeuse,  Cardinal.     See  Carafa. 

Lalaing.  The  motto  of  this  noble  family  of  Hainault  is,  Lalaing 
sans  reproche. 

Lalaing,  Jacques  de  (-f  1453),  surnamed  "  Le  bon  Chevalier," 
one  of  the  most  adventurous  of  the  knights  of  the  court  of  the  good 
Duke  Philip,  at  Nancy,  celebrated  for  his  success  at  tournaments, 
and  his  knight-errant  feats  in  France,  Spain,  and  Portugal.  Hearing 
of  the  valour  of  James  Douglas,  Lalaing  set  out  for  Scotland  to  break 

1  By  command  of  the  king  they  assumed  the  name  of  Du  Lis. 

2  For  kirmatei,  read  firmata.  s  Menestricr. 


154  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGER, 

a  lance  with  him.  Lalaing  came  off  victorious.  He  then  visited  Eng- 
land, and  on  his  return  to  Burgundy  sustained  a  pas  against  all  comers 
for  a  year  ;  after  which  he  went  to  Rome,  and  returning  to  Hainault  at 
the  time  the  Duke  of  Burgundy  was  holding  a  chapter  of  the  Order  of 
the  Golden  Fleece,  Lalaing  was  elected  a  knight  by  acclamation. 
After  performing  prodigies  of  valour  in  the  war  against  the  rebels 
of  Ghent,  he  was  killed  at  the  siege  of  Ponckes,  by  a  stone  from  a 
falconet,  at  the  age  of  thirty-two.  The  duke  wept  when  he  heard 
of  his  death  ;  and  having  taken  the  fortress,  caused  all  its  inmates  to 
be  hanged  or  strangled,  except  six — a  leper  and  five  children.  Thirty- 
two  banners  were  suspended  over  Lalaing's  tomb. 

Lalaing,  Antonio  de,  Count  of  Hooghstraeten  (-f  1540).  His 
motto  was,  A  nulle  plus ;  and  his  wife,  Isabella  of  Calemburg,  took  in 
return,  Y  ne  moy  autre. 

In  the  '  Catalogue  des  objets  d'art  religieux  exposes  a  Malines,  1864,' 
we  find  two  pieces  of  tapestry,  one  representing  scenes  from  the  life 
of  St.  Elizabeth  of  Hungary,  the  other  from  that  of  St.  Anthony,  now 
preserved  in  the  church  of  St.  Catherine,  at  Hoogstraeten.  Both  have 
several  times  repeated  round  the  border  the  mottoes,  "  Ne  moy  autre 
— nulle  plus,"  of  Antoine  de  Lalaing,  for  whom  they  were  made." 

Antonio  had  the  device  of  a  hand,  holding  a  sheaf  of  corn  and 
sowing  the  grain ;  motto,  La  mano  fa  I opera,  "  The  hand  makes  the 
work."  A  diamond  ring ;  motto,  Elle  dure  et  durera,  "  It  lasts  and  will 
last."    A  grenade  exploding  in  water ;  motto, 

Tout  plus  grand  est  son  froideur 
Et  plus  est  aspre  son  ardeur, 
"  The  greater  its  coldness,  the  sharper  the  heat." 

Lanci,  Gasparre.  A  viper  biting  the  lance  which  pins  it  to  the 
ground.     Motto,  Indarno,  "  In  vain."     From  Ariosto  : 

"  Qual  Serpe,  che  Dell'  hasta,  ch'  alia  sabbia 
Le  tenga  fissa,  in  daruo  i  denti  rnetta." 

The  virtuous  man  cannot  be  injured  by  the  biting  tooth  of 
slander. 

Lannoy,1  Philip  de,  of  Naples,  Prince  of  Sulmone  (+  1597). 

1  One  of  the  most  ancient  houses  in  in  Italy  and  Viceroy  of  Naples,  that 
Flanders.  It  was  to  Charles  Lannoy,  Francis  I.  surrendered  his  sword  at 
commander-in-chief  of  the  Imperial  troops      Fa  via.     Lannoy  received  it  on  one  knee. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


155 


Because  he  loved  the  court  where  he  ruined  himself  by  his  extravagance, 
he  took  for  device  a  butterfly  burning  itself  in  a  candle.  Motto,  Yo  voy 
dietro  aquel  die  me  arde,  "  I  follow  after  that  which  consumes  me." 

Laval,  Bois-dofin  de,  Archbishop  of  Embrun.  A  labyrinth 
with  the  motto,  Fata  viam  invenient,  "  Fate  will  find  the  way ;" 
meaning  that  Providence  places  in  our  hands  the  clue  of  his  holy 
commandments,  which,  if  we  hold  and  follow,  will  lead  us  over  the 
devious  paths  of  the  world  to  life  eternal. 

Laura  of  Petrarch1  (-J-    1348).      This  noble    lady   was  the 

daughter  of  Audibert  de  Noves,  of  an  ancient  family  in  Provence.    At 

seventeen  she  married  Hugues  de  Sade,  of  Avignon,  where  the  Dame 

Laura  was  the  ornament  of  the  papal  court.     She  had  eleven  children, 

and  fell  a  victim  to  the  great  plague  which  devastated  Europe  in  1348. 

She  was  buried  in  the  church  of  the  Cordeliers,  at  Avignon.     Paradin 

states  that  on  her  tomb  were  sculptured  two  branches  of  laurel  placed 

saltierways,  and  over  them,  a  cross  surmounted  by  a  rose.     In  1533 

the  tomb  was  opened,  and  was  found  to  contain  a  small  leaden  box,  in 

which  was  enclosed  a  sonnet  signed  by  Petrarch,  and  a  bronze  medal 

of  a  female,  surrounded  by  the  legend,  M.  L.  M.  G\,  supposed  to  mean 

Madonna  Laura  morta  giace.     Francis  I.,  passing  by  Avignon,  in 

the   same   year  visited  the  tomb,  and  wrote  the  following  epitaph 

on  Laura : 

"  En  petit  lieu  cornpris,  vous  pouvez  voir 
Ce  qui  comprend  beaucoup  par  renoiniLe'e, 
Plume,  labeur,  la  langue  et  le  savoir 
Furent  vaincus  par  l'aymant  et  l'aynie'e. 
O  gentille  ame  !  e'tant  tant  estiine'e, 
Qui  te  pourra  louer  qu'en  se  taisant? 
Car  la  parole  est  toujours  reprirue'e 
Quaud  le  sujet  suraionte  le  disaut." 


and  presenting  his  own  sword  to'the  king, 
said,  "  II  ne  convenient  pas  qu'un  officier 
de  l'empereur  voit  un  grand  roi  disarme', 
quoique  prisonnier." 

Gilbert  de  Lannoy  was  sent  by  our 
Henry  V.,  in  a.d.  1422,  to  report  on  the 
state  of  Palestine.  Vide  '  Archseologia,' 
xxi.,  281—444. 

1  "The  Laurel  seems  more  appropri- 
ated to  Petrarch  than  to  any  other  poet. 
He  delighted  to  sit  under  its  leaves ;  he 


loved  it  both  for  itself  and  for  the  re- 
semblance of  its  name  to  that  of  his 
mistress ;  he  wrote  of  it  continually,  and 
he  was  called  from  out  of  its  shade  to  be 
crowned  with  it  in  the  Capitol.  It  is  a 
remarkable  instance  of  the  fondness  with 
which  he  cherished  the  united  ideas  of 
Lauia  and  the  Laurel,  that  he  confesses 
it  to  be  one  of  the  greatest  delights  he 
experienced  in  receiving  the  crown  upon 
his  head." — Leigh  Hunt. 


156  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

He  ordered  a  monument  to  be  erected  to  her  memory,  with  the  in- 
scription, Victrix  casta  fides,  "  Chaste  faith  victorious,"  but  it  was 
never  executed. 

Lautrec.     See  Forx,  Odet  de. 

Laval,  Andr£  de,  Admiral  of  France.  The  flaming  oar,  with 
the  motto,  Pour  un  autre  non,  to  indicate  his  ardent  zeal  in  the 
service  of  his  king. 

Lesdiguieres,  Francois  de  Bonne,  Due  de,  Constable  of  France 
(-f-  1626),  the  captain  of  Henry  IV.  "qui  n'a  jamais  ete  vaincu,  et 
qui  a  toujours  ete  vainqueur  "  (expression  in  his  letters  of  nomination 
as  Constable  of  France).  Queen  Elizabeth  said,  "  If  there  were  two 
Lesdiguieres  in  France,  I  would  ask  the  king  for  one  of  them." 
Mottoes,  Frangit  inaccessa,  "  He  breaks  the  inaccessible ;"  and  Pennse 
nido  majores,  "  Wings  greater  than  the  nest." 

Leuchtenbergh,  George  Louis,  Landgrave  of  (-+-  1613).  Motto, 
Nititur  ad  laudem  virtus,  "  Valour  strives  for  praise." 

Leyva,  Antonio  de  (-(-  1537).  Began  his  career  as  a  common 
soldier,  a  pupil  of  Gonsalvo  of  Cordova,  he  took  part  at  the  battle  of 
Eavenna,  defended  Pavia,  and  by  his  unexpected  sortie  decided  the 
fate  of  the  battle.  He  fought  in  a  chair.  Charles  V.  made  him 
generalissimo  of  the  Italian  army.  In  1530,  when  he  was  in 
Italy,  he  sent  for  de  Leyva,  and  desired  him  to  sit  by  his  side  and 
keep  his  hat  on,  saying,  that  a  captain  who  made  sixty  campaigns 
deserved  to  remain  seated  and  covered  before  an  emperor  of  thirty 
years. 

Having  conquered  the  Milanese  for  Charles  V.,  he  considered  that 
the  emperor  ought  to  have  conferred  upon  him  the  government  of  the 
duchy,  instead  of  restoring  it  to  Francesco  Sforza.  To  show  how 
aggrieved  he  felt  at  having  had  to  work  that  others  might  enjoy,  he 
took  the  device  of  bees  who  make  honey  for  others,  and  not  for  them- 
selves, and  used  for  motto  the  well-known  line  of  Virgil,1  Sic  vos  non 
voids. 

1  When  the  physician  appropriated  to  Virgil  thus  finished   and  amplified  the 

himself  the  praise  and  the  rewards  con-  lines,  which  renewed  his  favour  still  more 

ferred  upon  the  verses  made  hy  Virgil  in  with  the  emperor. 

honour  of  Augustus,  Virgil  fastened  in  "  Hos  ego  versiculos  feci,  tulit  alter  honores. 

the  same  place  where   he  had  put  the  Sic  vos  non  vobis      nidificatis  aves. 

others,  four  times,  the  beginning  of  the  sic  vos  non  vobls       vMerafertis  oves. 

verse  the  words,  Hie  vos  non  vobis.  *"  vos  non  °°*s       ™lufcatis  apes. 

,  .        ,.  .  ,.  ,,  .  Sic  vos  non  vobis      fertis  aratra  boves. 

Augustus  asking  the  meaning  01  this 


AND  WAE-CKTES.  157 

This  he  wore  when  he  went  to  the  coronation  of  the  emperor  at 
Bologna.  Charles  was  pleased  with  the  ingenuity  of  the  device,  and  said 
to  Ley  va,  "  N~i  vos  tampoco  os  quexareis,  pues  yo  mismio  soy  el  medico," 
"  Do  not  lament  so  much,  since  I  myself  am  the  physician," — imply- 
ing, that  he,  the  Emperor,  had  deceived  him  and  would  also  heal 
him,  which  he  effectually  performed  by  the  honours  he  conferred 
upon  Leyva  and  his  family. 

Ligne,  Charles  de,  Count  of  Aremberg  (-j-  1616).  His  motto, 
Toujours  constant.     His  wife's,  La  jidelite. 

Ligne,  Claude  Lamoral,  Prince  de  (-J-  1670),  was  viceroy  of 
Sicily  and  governor  of  Milan. 

When  viceroy  he  struck  a  medal :  on  reverse,  a  ship  beaten  by 
the  waves,  traversed  with  the  bend  of  the  arms  of  de  Ligne,  Quo  res 
cumque  cadunt,  semper  Unea  recta?-  "  Whatever  befalls,  this  line  is 
always  straight." 

Ligny.     See  Luxembourg. 

Lodrone,  Count  Battista  da,  died  at  the  siege  of  Casal.  His 
device  was  a  thistle  (tribolo),  with  the  motto,  In  utramque  fortunam 
(jparatus  ?),  "  For  both  (i.e.,  every)  fortune  (prepared)."  Showing 
that  his  valour  and  constancy  would  remain  firm  and  upright  in  every 
vicissitude  of  fortune,  as  the  thistle,  .throw  it  any  way  you  please,  still 
stands  erect,  pointing  towards  heaven. 

Loredano,  Pietro.  The  saffron,  or  crocus.  Motto,  Conculcatum 
uoerius,  "  The  more  fruitful  when  trod  on."  Pliny  says :  "  Saffron 
loveth  a  life  to  be  trampled  and  trode  upon  under  foot:  and  in 
truth,  the  more  injurie  is  done  unto  it,  for  to  mar  it,  the  better  it 
thriveth." 2 

And  Matthiole :  "  II  aime  d'estre  foulle,  et  n'  en  frucifie  que 
mieus. 


These  lines  have  been  variously  rendered  : 

"  This  verse  I  made,  another  had  "  I  wrote  these  lines— another  had  the  credit. 

The  profit  that  I  lack  ;  Thus  do  ye  oxen  bear  the  yoke  for  others ; 

So  sheepe  a  fleese  doth  bravely  bear  Thus  do  ye  bees  make  honey  for  others ; 

To  cloth  an  other's  back;  Thus  do  ye  sheep  wear  fleeces  for  others; 

So  bees  to  feed  an  other's  need  Thus  do  ye  birds  build  nests  for  others." 

From  flowers  doth  hony  gather ; 
So  oxen  toyle,  and  plough  the  soyle,  '  The  real  line  from  '  JSneid,'  ii.  709, 

And  yet  for  others  labour ;  is   "Quo  res  cunque  cadent,  unum  et 

So  byrds  nests  build— their  labour  yealds  commune  periclum  " 

No  profyt  for  their  paynes ;  2  P     L-    -    '       1     « 

We  spinn  and  card,  and  weave  full  hard,  Xxl,»  ~ '  fa" 

While  others  have  the  gayne."  '  Commentaire  sur  Dioscoride.'  Lyon, 

Westcote.  1572. 


158  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Signora  Bernardo  Eota  used  the  saffron  flower,  with  the  motto, 
Pereundo  melior,1  "  The  better  in  perishing." 

Lorraine,  Een£  II.,  Duke  of,  bore  the  alerions  of  Godfrey  of 
Boulogne,  and  the  double  or  patriarchal  cross  of  Jerusalem ;  also,  the 
device  and  motto  of  Bene  of  Anjou  (see).  His  eldest  son  suc- 
ceeded to  the  duchy  of  Lorraine.  Claude,  the  younger,  was  the 
founder  of  the  illustrious  house  of  Cruise. 

His  wife,  Philippa  of  Gueldres,  who  was  very  beautiful,  bore, 
when  at  court,2  the  thistle,  with  the  motto,  Ne  me  toques,  il  pent. 

Lorraine.     See  Anjou,  Ren£,  Duke  of. 

Lorraine.     See  Guise. 

Lorraine,  Charles  V.,  Duke  of  (-j-  1690).  Placed  upon  his 
standards,  Aid  nunc,  aut  numquam,  "  Now  or  never." 

Lucca.     A  panther. 

"  La  panlera,  che  Lucca  abbraccia  e  onora." 

Parisotti. 

Luxembourg,  Jean  de,  Count  de  Ligny  (-j-1482).  This  illustrious 
house,  possessed  with  large  territories  in  France  and  Germany,  has 
produced  five  emperors,  four  kings,  six  queens,  and  numerous  princes, 
constables,  &c.  A  camel  sinking  under  his  heavy  burden.  Motto, 
Nemo  ad  impossibile  tenetur,  "No  one  is  held  to  impossibilities."3 

Luxembourg,  Pierre  de,  Comte  de  St.  Paul,  de  Ligny,  &c. 
(-(-1482).  Son  of  the  unfortunate  Constable  of  France.  The  celebrated 
Comte  de  St.  Paul,  given  up  by  Charles  of  Burgundy  to  Louis  XL, 
by  whom  he  was  beheaded  1475.  As  perfidious  as  the  masters  he 
alternately  served,  Count  Pierre  himself  fell  a  victim  to  their  treachery. 
He  was  reinstated  in  his  family  titles  and  possessions  by  Mary  of 
Burgundy,  and  took  the  device  of  a  sun  surrounded  by  clouds, 
with  the  motto,  Obstantia  nubila  solvet,  "It  disperses  opposing 
clouds ;"  meaning  that  he  would  extricate  himself  from  the  clouds 
and  difficulties  which  surrounded  him  after  the  death  of  his  father. 
His  son, 

Luxembourg,  Louis  de,  known  in  the  Italian  wars  of  Charles  VIII. 

1  Otber  mottoes:  Fulchrior  attrita  re-  yet   greener,   trod   on;"   Atrita    melior, 

surgo,    "Ground    down,    I    arise    more  "  Ground  down,  the  better." 

lovely  ;  "  Pereundo  provenM,"  It  advances  2  Barante. 

by  perishing ;  "  Calcata  virescunt, "  Grows  3  Mans,  de  la  Toison  d'Or. 


AND  WAE-CRIES. 


159 


and  Louis  XII.  as  the  "  Comte  de  Ligne,"1  used  the  same  device  as  his 
father.  On  a  field  azure,  a  sun  or,  surrounded  by  clouds,  with  the 
same  motto. 

Luxembourg,  Franqoise  de  (+  1557).  Wife  of  John,  Count 
Egmont.  Her  motto,  La  foy  que  fay,  with  her  sixteen  quarterings 
of  nobility  with  the  sixteen  of  her  husband,  were  inscribed  upon  her 
tomb. 

Maino,  Jason  (-f-  1519).  This  celebrated  jurisconsult,  whose 
lectures  were  attended  by  Louis  XII.  and  his  court,  placed  over  the 
door  of  his  house  at  Paris,  Virtutis  fortuna  comes,  "  Fortune  the 
companion  of  virtue." 

Malatesta,  the  sovereign  lords  of  Kimini  and  of  a  great  part 
of  Eomagna,  had  for  their  device  an  elephant,  allusive,  perhaps, 
to  the  bones  of  Hannibal's  elephants,  said  to  have  been  found  at 
the  Forli  pass,  near  Fossombrone  and  Fano,  of  which  they  were 
lords. 

Mandruccio,  Cristoforo,  Cardinal  Trent  (-J-  1578).  A  phoenix 
on  the  funeral  fire  (Fig.  110).     Motto,  Ut  vivat,  "  That  it  may  live;" 


Fig.  110. — Cardinal  Trent. 


i.e.,  ready  to  die  in  the  body,  to  live  with  Christ.  Tertullian  makes 
the  phoenix  an  image  of  the  resurrection;  it  is  also  that  of  the 
Christian. 

As  the  phoenix,  when  old  and  wearied,  seeks  the  rays  of  the  sun 

'  It  was  to  De  Ligny  that   Ludovic   Sforza  surrendered  when  betrayed  by  the 
Swiss  at  Novara. 


160  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

to  consume  its  body,1  again  to  be  revived  in  life  and  vigour,  so 
the  Christian,  worn  and  exhausted  by  worldly  labour  and  suffering, 
turns  to  the  Sun  of  Eighteousness  for  regeneration  and  newness 
of  life. 

Ariosto  alludes  to  the  phoenix  in  the  voyage  of  Astolfo : 

"  Arabia,  ch'  e  detta  Felice, 
Eicca  di  mirra  e  d'  odorato  incenso, 
Obe  per  suo  albergo  1'  imica  Fenice 
Eletto  s'  ba  di  tutto  '1  mondo  immenso." 

Orlando  Furiosu,  Canto  xv.,  39. 

"  Arabia,  nam'd  the  Happy,  now  be  gains. 
Incense  and  myrrh  perfume  her  grateful  plains  ; 
The  virgin  phoenix  there  in  seek  of  rest, 
Selects  from  all  the  world  her  balmy  nest." 

Hoole's  Translation. 

But  the  ancient  fable  of  the  phoenix  is  most  fully  given  by  Ovid, 
thus  translated  by  Dryden  : 

"  All  tbese  receive  their  birth  from  other  things, 
But  from  himself  the  phoenix  only  springs ; 
Self-born,  begotten  by  the  parent  flame 
In  which  he  burn'd.  another  and  the  same  ; 
Who  not  by  corn  or  herbs  his  life  sustains, 
But  the  sweet  essence  Amomum  drains ; 
And  watches  the  rich  gums  Arabia  bears, 
While  yet  in  tender  dews  they  drop  their  tears. 
He  (his  five  centuries  of  life  fulfill'd) 
His  nest  on  oaken  boughs  begins  to  build, 
On  trembling  tops  of  palms:  and  first  he  draws 
The  plan  with  his  broad  bill  and  crooked  claws, 
Nature's  artificers :  on  this  the  pile 
Is  form'd,  and  rises  round ;   then  with  the  spoil 
Of  Cassia,  Cynamon,  and  stems  of  Nard, 
(For  softness  strew'd  beneath)  his  funeral  bed  is  rear'd. 


1  "  He  (Manilius)  reporteth  that  never  that  of  his    bones    aud    marrow   there 

man  was  knowne  to  see  him   feeding ;  breedeth  at  first,  as  it  were,  a  little  worme, 

that  in  Arabie  hee  is  held  a  sacred  bird,  which  afterwards  proveth  to  bee  a  pretie 

dedicated  unto  the  sunne  ;  that  he  liveth  bird.   And  the  first  thing  that  this  young 

660  years,  and  when  he  groweth  old  and  phoenix  doth  is  to  performe  the  obsequies 

begins  to  decay,  he  builds  himselfe  a  nest  of  the  former  phoenix  late  deceased ;  to 

with  the  twig.s and  blanches  of  the canell,  translate  and  carie  away  his  whole  nest 

or    cinnamon,   and    frankincense  trees:  into  the  ci tie  of  the  sunne,  near  Pauchae, 

and  when  he  hath  filled  it  with  all  sort  and  to  bestow  it  full  devoutly  there  upon 

of  sweet  aromaticall  spices,  yieldeth  up  the  altar." — Pliny,  book  x.,  ch.  2. 
his  life  thereupon.     He  saith,  moreover, 


AND  WAE-CEIES.  161 

Fimerul  and  bridal  both ;  and  all  around 

The  borders  with  corraptless  myrrh  are  crown'd. 

On  this  incumbent,  till  ethereal  flame 

First  catches,  then  consumes  the  costly  frame  ; 

Consumes  him  too,  as  on  the  pile  he  lies  : 

He  liv'd  on  odours,  and  on  odours  dies. 

An  infant  phoenix  from  the  former  springs, 
His  father's  heir,  and  from  his  tender  wings 
Shakes  off  his  parent  dust,  his  method  he  pursues, 
And  the  same  lease  of  life  on  the  same  terms  renews. 
When  grown  to  manhood  he  begins  his  reign, 
And  with  stiff  pinions  can  his  flight  sustain  ; 
He  lightens  of  his  load  the  tree  that  bore 
His  father's  royal  sepulchre  before. 
And  his  own  cradle ;  this  with  pious  care 
Plac'd  on  his  back,  he  cuts  the  buxom  air, 
Seeks  the  sun's  city,  aud  his  sacred  church, 
And  decently  lays  down  his  burden  in  the  porch." 

Dryden. 

And  again : 

"  So  that  lone  bird  in  fruitful  Arabie, 

When  now  her  strength  and  waning  life  decays, 
Upon  some  airy  rock  or  mountain  high, 
In  spicy  bed  (fir'd  by  near  Phoebus'  rays) 
Herself  and  all  her  crooked  age  consumes  ; 
Straight  from  her  ashes,  and  those  rich  perfumes, 
A  new-bom  phoenix  flies,  and  widow'd  place  resumes." 

P.  Fletcher,  The  Purple  Island. 

We  have  already  alluded  to  the  phoenix  as  the  device  of  Eleanor, 
Queen  of  Francis  I.,  and  also  as  that  of  Yittoria  Colonna.  It  formed 
likewise  part  of  the  badge  given  to  Queen  Jane  Seymour — a  phoenix, 
in  flames,  issuing  from  a  ducal  coronet,  being  the  crest  of  their  family. 
Her  son,  Edward  YL,  added  the  motto,  Nascatur  ut  alter,  "  That 
another  may  be  born,"  alluding  to  the  nature  of  her  death.  Queen 
Jane  Seymour  lies  buried  in  St.  George's  Chapel,  Windsor,  with  a 
Latin  epitaph  by  Bishop  Godwin,  which  has  been  thus  translated  by 
his  son  Morgan : 

"Here  a  phoenix  lieth,  whose  death 
To  another  phoenix  gave  breth, 
It  is  to  be  lamented  much 
The  world  at  once  ne'er  knew  two  such." 

Queen  Elizabeth  also  placed  a  phoenix  upon  her  medals,  with  her 
favourite  motto,  Semper  eadem,  "  Always  the  same,"  and  others.    She 

M 


162 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


is  often  compared  to  the  phoenix.      Sylvester,  in  his  '  Corona  Dedi- 

catoria,'  says : 

"  As  when  the  Arabian  (only)  bird  doth  burne 
Her  aged  bodie  in  sweet  flames  to  death, 
Out  of  her  cinders  a  new  bird  hath  breath, 
In  whom  the  beauties  of  the  first  return  ; 
From  spicy  ashes  of  the  sacred  urne 
Of  our  dead  phoenix  (dee re  Elizabeth) 
A  new  true  phcenix  lively  flourisheth." 

On  the  tomb,  in  Westminster  Abbey,  of  Linacre,  founder  of  the 
College  of  Physicians,  and  honorary  physician  to  four  sovereigns,  is  a 
phoenix,  with  the  motto,  Vivit  post  funera  virtus,1  "  Virtue  survives 
the  funeral." 

Mandeuccio,  Ludovico,  Cardinal,  nephew  of  Cristofero  (-[-1600). 


Fig.  111.— Cardinal  Mandruccio. 


The  lotus  (Fig.  Ill),  with  the  motto,  Emergo  lucente  sole,  "With 
the  sun  shining,  I  come  out."     See  for  lotus,  Carafa,  Ferdinand. 

Margaret  of  Anjou.     See  England,  Henry  VI. 

Margaret  of  Austria,  daughter  of  Maximilian  and  Mary  of 


1  Other  mottoes  for  the  phcenix:  De 
mi  muerte  mi  vida,  "  From  my  death  my 
life ; "  TJror,  morior,  orior,  "  I  am  burnt, 
I  die,  I  arise ; "  0  mors,  ero  mors  tua, 
"0  Death,  I  shall  be  thy  death;"  Se 
necat  ut  vivat,  "  Slays  himself  that  he 
may  live ; "  De  mort  a  vie,  "  From  death 
to  life;"  El  morte  vitam  ■protutit,  "And 


by  death  has  prolonged  his  life ; "  Vivre 
pour  mourir,  mourir  pour  vivre,  "  Live  to 
die,  die  to  live  ;  "  Murio  y  nacio,  "  I  die 
and  am  born ; "  Ne  pereat,  "  That  it 
should  not  perish  ;  "  Truova  sol  net  tor- 
menti  il  suo  cjioire,  "  It  finds  alone  its  joy 
in  its  suffering  ;  "  Ex  morte,  immorlalitas, 
"  Out  of  death,  immortality." 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  163 

Burgundy,  Duchess  of  Savoy  (-f-  1530).  Betrothed  to  Charles  VIII., 
married  to  John  of  Spain,  who  died  the  same  year,  she  next  married 
Philibert  le  Beau,  of  Savoy,  who  died,  leaving  her  a  widow  at  four-and- 
twenty.  She  took  the  motto,  Fortune,  in  for  tune,  forte  une,  the  meaning 
of  which  has  puzzled  the  curious  to  discover.  The  most  probable 
rendering  is,  "  In  fortune  or  misfortune  there  is  one  (woman)  strong 
in  heart." 

Margaret  was  appointed  Governess  of  the  Low  Countries,  where 
she  ruled  with  a  mild  sway  for  her  father  and  her  nephew.  She  died 
at  Brussels,  and  was  buried  at  Bourg-en-Bresse  (Dep.-de-1'Ain),  in  the 
church  built  by  herself.  Her  motto  is  repeated  in  several  parts  of  the 
building. 

A  coin  of  Margaret  (1522)  bears  for  device  a  hand  issuing  from 
the  clouds,  and,  extended  over  a  daisy  (marguerite) ;  the  legend,  Manus 
Domini  protegit  me,  "  The  hand  of  God  will  protect  me." 

A  hand  issuing  from  a  cloud,  holding  a  thunderbolt  over  a  tree. 
Motto,  Spoliat  mors  munere  nostro,  "  Death  destroys  with  our  gifts." 

Margaret  of  Austria,  Duchess  of  Florence  and  Parma  (-f-  1586), 
natural  daughter  of  Charles  V.,  married,  first,  Alexander  de'  Medici, 
Duke  of  Florence ;  secondly,  Ottavio  Farnese ;  and  was  mother  of 
Alessandro  Farnese.  She  and  Ottavio  both  died  the  same  year.  The 
Villa  Madama,  on  the  Monte  Mario,  at  Eome,  is  so  called  after 
Margaret,  who  occupied  it.  It  was  begun  for  Cardinal  Giulio  de' 
Medici,  after  the  designs  of  Eaffaelle,  and  finished  by  Giulio 
Ptomano. 

When  a  widow  her  device  was  an  arm  issuing  from  the  clouds  and 
armed  with  thunder,  threatening  an  oak-tree.  Motto,  Versa  est  in 
cineres,  "  It  is  turned  into  ashes."  Also  a  violin,  with  motto,  Versa 
est  in  lachrymas,  "  It  is  turned  into  tears." 

When  separating  from  her  sister,  she  took  the  Savoy  or  true  lover's 
knot.     Motto,  En  seloignant  elles  se  serrent. 

A  pearl  (marguerite)  shining  from  its  shell,  Decus  allatura 
coronas,  "  About  to  bring  glory  to  the  crown." 

Margaret  Beaufort,  Countess  of  Richmond  and  Derby,  mother 
of  Henry  VII.     See  England,  Henry  VII. 

Margaret  Tudor,  eldest  daughter  of  Henry  VII.  See  Scotland, 
James  IV. 

Margaret  of  York.     See  Burgundy,  Charles  le  Temeraire. 

Marguerite  de  Valois,  or  d'Angouleme,  Duchess  of  Alencon 

m  2 


164:  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

and  Berry,  Queen  of  Navarre  (-f-  1549),  daughter  of  Charles,  Duke 
of  Orleans  and  Louise  de  Savoie;  married  to  the  Duke  d'Alencon 
(1509  aud  1527),  afterwards  to  Henri  de  Bourbon,  King  of  Navarre. 
Their  daughter  was  Jeanne  d'Albert,  mother  of  Henry  IV.  Her  life 
presents  one  long  series  of  intercessions  for  the  oppressed  and  miser- 
able ;  and  her  power  over  Francis,  which  to  the  last  day  of  her  existence 
remained  paramount,  was  always  exercised  in  favour  of  others  ratber 
than  for  her  own  aggrandisement.  Her  court  at  Nerac  was  the 
resort  of  the  literary  and  the  learned.  She  was  the  protector  of  Calvin 
during  his  stormy  sojourn  in  France.  Erasmus,  Clement,  Marot,  and 
Beza  here  found  an  asylum  from  persecution. 

"  La  Royne  Marguerite, 
La  plus  belle  fleur  d'elite, 
Qu'  onques  la  terre  enfanta."     . 

Ronsard. 

The  beloved  sister  of  Francis  I.,  who  called  her  his  "  Mignonne," 
his  "  Marguerite  des  Marguerites."  She  was  the  ornament  of  his  court, 
her  understanding  excellent,  her  learning  great,  and  her  heart  open  to 
good  and  generous  feelings.     She  well  deserved  the  epitaph — 

"Musarum  decima  et  Charitum  quarta 
Indigta  regum, 
Et  soror,  et  coujux,  Marguaria  ilia  jacet." 

"The  tenth  muse,  the  fourth  of  the  graces,  Margaret,  favourite  sister  and  wife  of 
kings,  lies  here." 

Etienne  Forcadel  also  proclaimed  her  wisdom  and  merit  in  a  Latin 
-epitaph.1 

They  said  she  was  "  une  Marguerite  (margarita — pearl)  qui 
surpassait  en  valeur  les  perles  de  l'Orient." 

Eonsard,  in  his  touching  lament  upon  her  death,  says : 

"  Tu  fus  la  perle  et  l'honneur 
Des  princesses  de  nostre  age." 

Being  somewhat  of  a  mystic  turn,  Margaret  took  outward  symbols 
to  express  the  inward  promptings  of  her  mind,  and,  when  Duchesse 

1  "  Huic  rex  frater  erat,  rex  vir,  mens  docta.     Quid  ultra  ? 
Occidit.     Heu,  fatcor  Pallada  posse  niori !  " 

"  To  her  a  king  was  father,  a  king  husband,  a  mind  learned.    What  more  ? 
She  died.    Alas  !   I  confess  that  Pallas  could  die  I  " 

"  That  imperfect,  ill-shaped,  and  counterfeit  pearl,"  as  she   terms  herself,  in  a 
letter  to  Bricjonnet,  Bishop  of  Meaux."  — MSS.,  Bill.  Imp. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


165 


d'Alencon,  to  show,  says  Brantome,  that "  her  heart  was  devoted  to  God ; 
she  chose  for  her  device  the  sunflower  (Fig.  112),  and  this  flower 
bearing  the  greatest  affinity  to  the  sun,  as  much  by  the  similarity  of  its 
rajs  and  its  leaves,  as  that  it  turns  from  all  parts  to  where  he  moves." 
Margaret  added,  from  Virgil,  the  motto,  Non  inferiora  secutus,  "  I 
Lave  followed  no  inferior  things,"  "to  signify,"  continues  Brantome, 
"  how  she  directed  all  her  thoughts,  will,  and  affections  towards  that 
great  Sun  which  is  God." 


Fig.  112.— Maiguerue,  Queen  of  Navarre,  Sister  of  Francis  I. 

The  sunflower,  with  the  same  motto,  is  on  a  medal  struck,  in  1636, 
in  honour  of  Frederick  Henry  of  Orange. 

Catherine,  daughter  of  the  Emperor  Albert  I.,  had  the  same  device. 
Motto,  Deorsum  nv/nquam,  "  Never  downwards." 

Margaret  also  had  a  lily  between  two  daisies,  with  the  motto, 
Mirandum  naturee  opus,  "  A  work  of  nature  is  to  be  admired." 

In  the  second  edition  of  her  poem,  "Le  Miroir  de  l'Ame 
Pecheresse," l  she  has  the  motto,  JJng  pour  tout,  i.e.,  "  God  for  us  all." 

In  the  poem 2  called  "  La  coche  "  the  motto  is,  Plus  vous  que  moy. 

1  England  rendered  the  most  brilliant 
homage  to  her  learning  and  virtues. 
Queen  Elizabeth  translated  into  English 
Marguerite's  poem,  '  Le  Miroir  de  l'Ame 
Pecheresse,'  and  three  sisters  of  the 
illustrious  house  of  Seymour,  Anne, 
Margaret,  and  Jane  Seymour,  composed 
a  hundred  Latin  verses  in  the  Queen's 
honour,  and  to  express  their  afflic- 
tion at  her  death.     The  poet  Nicholas 


Denysot,  preceptor  of  these  learned 
sisters,  edited  their  poem,  which  ap- 
peared in  Paris,  under  the  title  of  '  Le 
Tombeau  de  Marguerite  de  Navarre,' 
■with  translations  appended  in  French 
and  Italian. 

2  Her  poems  are  collected  under  the 
title  of  '  Marguerites  de  la  Marguerite 
des  Princesses,  tres  illustree  Royne  de 
Navarre,'  Lyon,  1547. 


166  HISTOEIO  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

On  the  binding  of  one  of  her  books l  is  the  lily  on  a  hillock,  with 
the  motto,  Expecta  non  eludet,  "  Waited  for,  it  shall  not  escape." 

Marguerite  de  France,  Duchess  of  Berry  and  Savoy,  daughter 
of  Francis  I.  (-f  1574).  She  married  (1559)  Emanuel  Philibert,  the 
hero  of  St.  Quentin. 

After  the  example  of  her  father  and  her  aunt,  this  Princess  culti- 
vated letters  and  the  arts.  Bonsard  celebrated  her  under  the  designation 
of  Pallas.  Her  subjects  styled  her  "  La  mere  des  peuples."  Her 
device  was  an  olive  branch  entwined  with  serpents.  Motto,  Eerum 
sapientia  custos,  "  Wisdom  the  guardian  of  affairs,"  signifying  that  all 
things  should  be  guided  and  governed  by  wisdom.  On  her  marriage, 
she  took  the  shield  of  Minerva,  with  the  motto,  Eerum  prudentia 
custos,  "  Prudence  the  guardian  of  affairs." 

Marignan,  Gio.  Jacopo,  Medichino,  Marquis  of  (-)-  1555),  or  de' 
Medici,  to  which  family  he  bore  no  relation,  though  he  assumed  their 
arms.  He  was  one  of  the  great  captains  of  the  day — first  in  the 
service  of  Francesco  Sforza ;  then  in  that  of  Charles  Y.,  who  made  him 
a  marquis.  He  was  brother  to  Pius  IV.  (Giov.  Angelo  de'  Medici), 
who  caused  a  magnificent  mausoleum  to  be  raised  over  him  in  the 
cathedral  at  Milan,  designed,  it  is  said,  by  Michael  Angelo. 

A  ship  in  a  troubled  sea.  Motto,  Custodies  Domine  vigilantes, 
"  The  watchful  guardians  of  the  Lord." 

Marguerite  de  France.     See  France,  Henry  IV. 

Marillac,  Louis  de  (-f-1632),  victim  of  the  "journee  des  dupes" 
and  the  vengeance  of  Eichelieu.  Although  the  princes  of  Conde  said 
"  qu'il  n'y  avait  pas  la  de  quoi  fouctter  un  page  "  in  the  allegations 
against  him,  the  unfortunate  marshal  was  beheaded  on  a  scaffold  raised 
upon  the  last  step  of  Iris  hotel,  to  spare  him  the  ignominy  of  being- 
dragged  in  a  cart  to  execution.  Over  his  tomb  was  placed,  Sorte 
funestd  clarus,  "  Benowned  for  his  sad  fate." 

Marot,  Clement  ( -J- 1544),  de  Cahors  en  Quercy,  valet  de 
chambre  to  Francis  I.  and  his  sister,  was  taken  prisoner  at  Pavia, 
fighting  bravely  at  the  side  of  the  king,  but  on  account  of  his  literary 
merit,  he  was  released  without  a  ransom.  A  Lutheran,  he  lived 
proscribed  in  Beam ;  his  versification  of  the  Psalms  of  David  were 
most  popular  at  the  French  court.  Francis  I.  and  his  courtiers  sang 
them  to  the  tunes  of  their  vaudevilles.     "  Poete  des  princes,  et  prince 

1  In  the  possession  of  the  Earl  of  Uosford. 


AND  WAE-CRIES. 


167 


des  poetes."      Boileau  says — "Imitez  de  Marot  l'elegant  badinage." 
His  motto  was,  La  mort  riy  mort. 

Mary  of  Lorraine.     See  Scotland. 

Mary  de  Medicis.     See  France. 

Mary  Stuart.     See  Scotland. 

Massari  Giov.  Alfonso.  A  man  of  letters.  A  falcon  hooded, 
gessed  and  tied,  trying  to  fty,  but  unable  to  execute  its  purpose. 
Motto,  Yoluisse  satis,  "  Enough  to  have  wished," — the  good  intention 
is  sufficient. 

Mataleone,  Count  Tomaso.     See  Carafa. 

Mattei,  Girolamo.  Captain  of  the  Guard  to  Clement  VII. 
Having  killed  Gieromino,  nephew  of  the  Cardinal  Delle  Valle,  to 
avenge  the  death  of  his  brother,  whom  Gieromino  had  cruelly  put 
to  death,  to  show  that  time  would  enable  him  to  get  over  the  greatest 
injuries,  he  placed  upon  his  flag  an  ostrich  swallowing  an  iron  nail, 
with  the  motto,  Spiritus  durissima  coquit,  "  Courage  digests  the 
hardest  things ;"  that  is,  the  brave  man  grows  accustomed  to  danger, 
and  is  not  easily  shaken  by  fear, — a  device  which  was  so  lauded,  that 
his  enemies,  the  Delle  Valle,  accepted  peace,  and  the  Pope  forgave 
him  the  homicide. 

Jack  Cade  says : 

"  I'll  make  thee  eat  iron  like  an  ostrich,  and  swallow  my  sword  like  a  great  pin." 

King  Henry  VI.,  2nd  Part,  Act  iv.,  sc.  10. 

"  II  a  un  estomac  d'autiuche  ;  il  digereroit  le  fer." 

French  Proverb. 

Mayence,  Willigis,  Archbishop  of.  When  Otho  III.  succeeded, 
983,  at  the  age  of  three  years,  to  the  empire,  Henry, 
Duke  of  Bavaria,  renewed  his  attempts  on  the  crown 
of  Germany,  and  endeavoured  to  get  possession  of 
the  king's  person,  but  the  nobles  would  not  support 
him.  At  the  head  of  these  loyalists  was  Willigis, 
Archbishop  of  Mayence,  the  son  of  a  wheelwright, 
who  had  adopted  as  his  arms  a  wheel,  with  the 
motto,  "  Willigis,  forget  not  thine  origin."  Hence, 
the  arms  of  the  electoral  see  of  Mayence  have 
ever  since  been  gules,  a  wheel  with  six  spokes,  argent  (Fig.  113). 

Mazarin,  Jules,  Cardinal  (-f-  1661).  From  his  arms  he  took 
three  stars  (Fig  114).  Motto,  Invidise fines  virtute  reliquit,  "  He  left  by 


Fig.  113.— Arms  of  the 
Archbishop  of  Mayence. 


168 


HLSTOKIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


valour  the  boundaries  of  envy ;" — a  lictor's  fasces  and  the  stars,  motto, 
Preeest  prudentia  bellis,  "  Prudence  is  eminent  in  wars."  He  took, 
after  the  peace  of  the  Pyrenees,  the  same  stars,  motto,  Ab  his  venit 
omne  serenum,  "  From  these  (hence)  all  serenity."  Vigilant  et  cuncta 
quiescunt,  "They  watoh  and  all  things  are  quiet."  Hinc  or  do  et 
copia  rerum,  "  Hence  just  order  and  abundance  to  the  ruler." 


V 


^ 


Fig.  114. —  iVJazauu. 


See  also  Medici,  Cardinal  Ippolito  ;  and  Richelieu. 

Meoenas.  Mecasnas  bore  for  device  a  frog  (Fig.  115),  either  to 
show  the  empire  he  possessed  both  by  sea  and  by  ]and,  having  the 
full  confidence  of  the  Emperor  Augustus,  or  else  as  an  emblem  of  his 


Fig.  115. — Me&enas. 

taciturnity.     According  to  iElian,  the  frogs  of  Syriapha  (an  island  in 
the  iEgean  sea)  never  croak  in  their  own  marshes. 

And  Pliny  also  says :  "  A  little  frog  there  is,  delighting  to  live  most 
among  grass  and  in  reed  plots ;  mute  the  same  is,  and  never  croaketh."  1 

These  frogs  therefore  are  emblematical  of  silence  and  secrecy,  for 
which  two  qualities  Mecasnas  was  held  in  such  reverence  by  his  master.2 

The  Medici.     This  illustrious  family,  which  occupied  so  distin- 


1  Book  xxxii.  ch.  7. 


=  Pa  nidi  n. 


AND  WAK-CEIES. 


169 


guished  a  place  in  the  history  of  Italy,  and  exercised  so  important  an 
influence  over  the  revival  of  literature,  the  arts,  and  sciences,  bore  for 
their  arms,  in  heraldic  parlance,  six  torteaux  gules.  Whether  these 
represented  pills  or  cupping-glasses,  as  badges  of  the  profession  their 
name  denotes,  it  is  impossible  to  say ;  but  the  "  palle "  and  the 
"  gigli " :  have  in  all  popular  commotions  been  the  war-cry  of  the 
several  parties  in  Florence.  "  Yiva  le  palle  e  muoiano  i  traditori ! " 
was  the  cry  of  the  populace  who  paraded  the  streets  after  the 
conspiracy  of  the  Pazzi. 

Medici,  Cosmo  de'  (-f-  1464).  The  founder  of  the  family,  styled 
by  a  decree  of  the  senate,  Pater  Patrise,  "  Father  of  his  country,"  and 
so  inscribed  upon  his  tomb  at  San  Lorenzo.  He  bore  three  diamond 
rings  interlaced  (Fig.  1 1 6),  the  meaning  of  which  is  not  known  ;  but  a 


Fig.  116. — Cosmo  de'  Medici. 


pointed  diamond  ring,  "  diamante  in  punta,"  was  introduced  into  their 
impresa  by  most  of  his  descendants. 

Medici,  Pietro  de'  (-4-  1470),  son  of  Cosmo,  took  a  falcon  with  a 


1  "  The  beautiful  Giglio,  or  Iris,  the 
city's  emblem,  still  clings  to  her  grey 
walls.  The  giglio  of  Florence  was  once 
white.  According  to  the  mo.st  popular 
opinion  upon  the  subject,  among  the  pro- 
fusion of  these  flowers  which  formerly 
decorated  the  meads  between  the  Mug- 
none  and  the  Arno  (which  then  flowed 
across  the  Piazza  di  Santa  Maria),  a 
white  flower  of  the  same  species  having 
shown  itself  among  the  rising  fabrics,  the 
incident  was  poetically  seized  upon,  and 
the  white  lily  then  assumed  its  station 
in  the  crimson  banner  of  Florence." — 
NAriEu's  History  of  Florence. 


The  white  lily  was  subsequently 
changed  by  the  Guelph  party  (1257)  to 
red;  and  Dante  deplores  the  alteration 
as  a  consequence  of  the  discords  and 
divisions  of  Florence. 

" vid  'io  glonoso, 

R  giusto,  '1  popol  suo  tanto,  che'l  giglio 
Non  era  ad  asta  mai  porto  a  ritroso 
JSe  per  division  fatto  vermiglio." 

Paradiso,  xvi.  151. 

" have  I  seen 

Her  people  just  and  glorious,  so  that  ne'er 
Stained  through  division,  had  her  lily  been 
With  vermeil,  or  reversed  upon  the  speav." 
Weight's  Translation, 


170 


HISTOKIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


diamond  ring  in  its  claw  (Fig.  117),  and  the  motto,  Semper,  "  Always ;" 
meaning  that  every  action  of  his  life  should  he  done  with  the  love  of 
God.     Semper  fa-l-con  di  (Dio)  amante. 


Fig.  117.— Pietro  de'  Medici. 

Giovio  observes,  the  diamond,  from  its  resistance  to  fire  or  the 
hammer,  was  the  more  appropriate  to  Piero,  who  had  been  so  wonder- 
fully preserved  from  the  conspiracy  of  Luca  Pitti. 

The  impresa  of  Piero,  surmounting  a  crown  with  the  lily  of 
Florence  in  front,1  forms  the  crest  of  the  grand-dukes  of  Tuscany. 

Medici,  Lorenzo  de  "The  Magnificent"  (+  1492).  He  con- 
tinued the  device  of  the  ring,  in  which  he  placed  three  feathers,  green, 
white,  and  blue  (Fig.  11 8),  with  his  father's  motto,  Semper,  implying  that 


Fig.  118. — Lorenzo  de'Mcdici. 


where  the  love  of  God  (di-amante)  existed,  the  virtues- — faitb,  hope,  and 
charity  (indicated  by  the  white,  green,  and  red  feathers),  were  always 

1  A  fleur-de-lis  florenee'e  or,  expanded,  gules. — Souveraius  du  Monde. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


171 


to  be  found.  This  device  lias  been  perpetuated  by  all  the  members  of 
his  house.1 

In  1468,  a  tournament  was  held  at  Florence,  in  the  Piazza  di 
Santa  Croce,  at  which  the  brothers  Giuliano  and  Lorenzo  bore  away 
the  prizes.  Lorenzo's  motto  was,  Le  terns  revient ;  his  device,  a  fleur- 
de-lis,  the  privilege  of  using  the  arms  of  France  having  been  recently 
conceded  to  his  father  by  Louis  XI.2 

Medici,  Piero  de'  (-f-  1503),  eldest  son  of  Lorenzo.  In  his  days 
of  gaiety,  and  amidst  the  delights  of  Florence,  Piero  assumed  a  device 
intended  to  characterise  his  temper  and  pursuits,  to  which  Politiano 
supplied  him  with  an  appropriate  motto.3     The  device  represented 


Fis.  119.— Piero  de'  Medici. 


green  branches  crossed  over  each  other,  with  flames   issuing  from 
them    (Fig.    119).      The   motto,  In   viridi  teneras   exurit  flamma 


1  We  find  it  on  an  edition  of  Plautus, 
in  vellum,  printed  at  Florence  by  the 
Giunta,  in  1514,  and  dedicated  to  Lo- 
renzo II.,  a  copy  of  which  is  now  in  tlie 
British  Museum  (Eoy.  Lib). 

In  the  Laurentian  Library,  the  MSS. 
acquired  by  Piero  de'  Medici  are  distin- 
guished by  the  fleur-de-lis ;  those  col- 
lected by  Lorenzo  are  marked,  not  only 
with  the  Medicean  arms,  but  also  with  a 
laurel  branch,  in  allusion  to  Ms  name 
and  the  motto,  Semper. — Roscoe,  Life  of 
Lorenzo  de'  Medici. 

2  The  Medici  arms  were  previously 
five  torteaux  in  orle  gules.  They  then 
received  the  augmentation  of  the  sixth  in 
chief,  azure,  charged  with  three  fleurs-de- 

3  Roscoe, 


lis.  The  grant  of  the  French  king  states 
that  ''  Que  nous  ayant  en  nienioire  la 
grande  louable  et  recommandable  re- 
nommee  que  feu  Cosme  de'  Medici  a  eue 
en  sou  vivant  en  tout  ses  faits  et  affaires, 
lesquels  il  a  conduitz  en  si  boune  vertu 
et  prudence,  que  ses  enfans  et  autres  ses 
parens  et  amis  en  doivent  estre  recom- 
mandez  et  eslevez  en  toute  honneur." 
Therefore,  the  king  grants  permission  to 
Piero  de'  Medici,  his  heirs  and  successors, 
to  bear  on  their  arms  three  fleurs-de-lis, 
and  these  arms  are  given  "  pour  en  user 
par  tous  les  lieux  et  entre  toutes  les  per- 
sonnes  que  bon  leur  semblera  et  tant  en 
temps  de  paix,  que  en  temps  de  guerre," 
&c. — Mont  Lucon,  1465. 
Leo  X.' 


172 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


medullas,  "  The  flame  eits  out  the  tender  pith  in  the  green  (branch) ;" 
or,  as  Menestrier  translates  it,  "  Je  brule  tout  verd  que  je  suis,"  to 
signify  in  his  "  verdi  anni "  the  consuming  fire  of  his  love.1  His 
second  brother, 

Medic r,  Giovanni  de',  the  celebrated  Pope  Leo  X.2  (-J-  1521), 
placed   the    three    rings    of    his    great    grandfather    Cosmo   round 


Fig.  120.— Medici  Arms. 


his   escutcheon  (Fig.  120),  and  also  used  the   device  of  his   father 
Lorenzo.3 


1  Piero,  having  joined  the  French, 
was  with  them  at  their  defeat  at  Gari- 
gliano.  He  attempted  to  pass  the  river, 
but  the  boat,  being  heavily  laden,  sunk 
in  the  middle  of  the  current,  and  Piero 
miserably  perished  after  having  sup- 
ported ten  years  of  exile. 

2  In  assuming  the  name  of  Leo,  lie 
meant  to  allude  to  the  emblem  of  Flo- 
rence, a  lion  (the  "marzocco"),  and  to 
the  dream  of  his  mother,  that  she  gave 
birth  to  a  lion.  Ariosto  addresses  him 
"  Tu  gran  letme." — Orlando  Furioso, 
c.  xvii.,  79. 

3_  In  a  description  of  the  coronation  of 
Pope  Leo  X  ,  1512,  in  a  letter  by  Penni, 
a  Florentine  physician,  it  states:  "After 
the  princess,  the  sonatori  dressed  in  the 


livrea  del  pontifice  chie  di  finissimo  panuo 
cioe  bianche,  rose  et  verde,  et  in  nel 
petto  un  dignissimo  ricamo  de  oro  facto 
vi  era  un  diamante  con  tre  penne,  una 
e  biancha  1'  altra  verde,  e  1'  altra  pavo- 
nazza,  ligate  al  pie  con  un  brevicello, 
nel  qual  vi  era  questa  parola  scripta. 
Semper,  et  derieto  nelle  rene  un  Jugo, 
con  questa  aver  simil  littera  di  sopra, 
N.  Di  sotio,  un  brevicello  che  dicea, 
Suave." 

From  St.  Augelo  to  the  end  of  the 
bridge  were  cloths  adorned  with  festoons 
and  pontifical  ensigns,  yokes,  diamonds, 
and  feather.-?. 

Andevan  le  voci  al  cielo  de  "  Leone, 
Leone, — Palle,  Palle." 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  173 

Leo's  own  personal  impresa  was  the  yoke1  (Fig.  121),  with  the 
motto,  Suave,  "  Easy,"  taken  from  the  words  of  our  Saviour,  Jugum 
meum  suave  est,  et  onus  meum  leve, "  My  yoke  is  easy,  and  my  burden 
is  light." 

Leo  assumed  this  device  when  restored  to  Florence,  after  eighteen 
years'  exile,  to  signify  that  he  was  returned,  not  to  be  the  tyrant  of  his 
country  and  to  revenge  his  injuries,  but  to  rule  conformably  to  the 
scriptural  words  of  his  motto,  and  to  the  sacred  habit  he  wore.  Eoscoe 
observes,  in  his  '  Life  of  Pope  Leo  X.' : — "  It  is,  however,  highly 


Fig.  121.— Leo  X. 

probable  that  such  an  unlimited  assumption  of  absolute  power,  as  that 
emblem  implies,  was  not  compensated  by  the  language  which  accom- 
panied it,  in  the  estimation  of  those  inflexible  friends  to  the  liberties 
of  their  country,  many  of  whom  still  remained  within  the  city,  and 
who  were  well  aware  that  if  they  were  once  effectually  placed  under 
the  yoke,  the  weight  of  it  must  in  future  depend  upon  the  will  of  their 
master." 

It  appears  that  this  device  was  first  invented  by  the  great  Cosmo, 
who,  when  recalled  to  Florence,  caused  a  medal  to  be  struck,  in  which 
Florence  was  represented  seated  upon  a  chair,  with  the  yoke  under  her 
feet.2 

Medici,  Giuliano  de'  (  -j-  1516),  third  son  of  the  great  Lorenzo. 

1  Another  motto  for  the  yoke*  Superare  ferendo,  "  To  overcome  by  endurance." 

2  Giovio. 


174  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

He  married  tile  sister ]  of  Louise  de  Savoie,  in  consequence  of  which, 
Francis  I.  made  him  Duke  de  Nemours.  Being  also  appointed  to  the 
high  office  of  Gonfalonier  of  the  Church,  to  show  that  fortune,  which 
previously  had  frowned  upon  him,  began  to  turn  in  his  favour,  Giuliano 
took  as  his  device  a  triangle  or  shield,  on  which  were  six  letters 
inscribed,  G  L  0  V  I  S,  which,  read  backwards,  form  Si  volge,  "  It 
(that  is,  fortune)  turns"  (Fig.  122).  This  motto  is  to  be  seen  on 
a  majolica  jug,  with  the  Medici  arms,  in  the  South  Kensington 
Museum. 


Fig.  122. — Giuliano  de'  Medici. 

Eoscoe  states,  that  on  their  restoration  to  Florence,  in  1512, 
"  Among  other  methods  adopted  by  the  Medici  to  strengthen  their 
own  authority,  and  conciliate  the  favour  of  the  populace,  was  the 
institution  of  two  companies,  or  orders  of  merit.  One  of  these  was 
denominated  the  Order  of  the  Diamond,  alluding  to  the  emblem  or 
impresa  of  a  diamond  ring  with  three  feathers,  and  the  motto  Semper, 
adopted  by  Lorenzo  the  Magnificent,  and  now  restored  by  his  younger 
son  Giuliano,  with  a  view  of  securing  his  own  influence  by  recalling 
the  memory  of  his  father. 

"  The  other  order,  of  which  Lorenzo  de'  Medici,  tbe  son  of  the 
unfortunate  Piero,  was  considered  as  the  chief,  was  called  the 
Company  of  the  Broncone,  in  allusion  to  the  impresa  of  Piero, 
representing  trunks  of  wood  consuming  in  the  midst  of  flames. 
This  society  was  chiefly  composed  of  the  younger  part  of  the 
citizens,  who,  from  their  rank  and  time  of  life,  were  judged  to  be 
most  suitable  companions  for  Lorenzo,  upon  whom,  as  the  repre- 
sentative of  the  elder  branch  of  his  family,  the  authority  which 
it  had  enjoyed  in  the  state  was  expected  to  devolve.  To  the 
members  of  these  societies  precedence  was  given  on  public  occasions, 
and  it  was   their  particular  province   to  preside  over  the  festivals, 

1  Filiberta,  to  whom  Ariosto  addressed,  on  the  death  of  Giuliano,  the  beautiful 
ode,  beginning — 

"  Anma  eletta,  cbe  nel  mondo  folic." 


AND  WAE-CK1ES.  175 

triumphs,  and  exhibitions,  that  now  once  more  enlivened  the  city 
of  Florence,  which  were  doubtless  intended  to  turn  the  attention 
of  the  people  from  the  consideration  of  their  new  state  of  political 
degradation." 

Medici,  Lorenzo  II.,  or  Lorenzino  de'  (-f  1519).  Son  of  Pietro, 
chief  of  the  Florentine  Republic  in  15 13.1  His  device  was  a  laurel  tree 
between  two  lions  (Fig.  12o).  Motto,  Ita  et  virtus,  "  So  too,  is  virtue," 


Fig.  123. — Lorenzino  de'  Medici. 

— that  is  to  say,  virtue  is  like  a  laurel  between  two  lions — you  must 
face  the  lions  to  earn  the  laurel.  "  No  cross,  no  crown,"  a  device  ill 
befitting  this  proud,  frivolous  prince,  who  was  equally  unworthy  of 
the  complimentary  verses  of  Ariosto,2  as  of  the  tomb  of  Michael 
Angelo. 

All  are  familiar  with  those  marvellous  works  of  Michael  Angelo, 
the  tombs  of  the  weak  Giuliano,  and  of  his  worthless  nephew  Lorenzo, 
in  the  chapel  of  the  Medici  at  Florence.  The  statues  of  the  warrior- 
clad  Giuliano  and  the  gloomy  Lorenzo  are  perfect,  and  the  figures  of 
Day  and  Night  upon  the  tomb  of  one,  and  of  Morning  and  Evening 
upon]  that  of  the  other,  are  among  the  greatest  conceptions  of  his 

1  In  1516  Lorenzo  obtained  the  duchy  2  Beginning  — 

of  Urbino  from  the  Kovere  family.     In  „w„,i     ,     „„  „,,„.i  ,,„,  ♦„ „,„,„„„ 

*  Nella  stagion  cue  1  Del  tempo  ramena, 

1518  he  married  Madeleine  de  Boulogne,  Kia  mia  man  posi  un  ramuscel  di  lauro." 

mother  of  Catherine  de'  Medici. 


176  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

powerful  chisel.1  The  observation  of  the  Emperor  Charles  V.,  that 
"he  was  surprised  not  to  see  the  statues  rise  and  speak,"  probably 
suggested  the  verses  of  the  poet  Strozzi : 

"  La  notte  che  tu  vedi  in  si  dolci  atti 
Doraiir,  fu  da  un  Angelo  scolpita 
In  questo  sasso,  e  purche  dorme,  ha  vita ; 
Destula,  se  nol  credi,  e  parleratti." 

("The  night  which  thou  seest  sleeping  in  so  sweet  an  attitude 
was  sculptured  in  this  stone  by  an  angel,  and,  since  it  sleeps, 
it  has  life.     Wake  it,  if  thou   believest  not,  and   it  will  speak  to 

thee-")2 

Rogers  has  also  described  these  monuments  with  his  usual  truth- 
fulness : 

"  Nor  then  forget  that  chamber  of  the  dead 

Where  the  gigantic  shapes  of  Night  and  Day, 

Turned  into  stone,  rest  everlastingly, 

Yet  still  are  breathing,  and  shed  round  at  noon 

A  two-fold  influence — only  to  be  felt — 

A  light,  a  darkness,  mingling  each  with  each  ; 

Both,  and  yet  neither.     There,  from  age  to  age, 

Two  ghosts  are  sitting  on  their  sepulchres. 

That  is  the  Duke  Lorenzo — mark  him  well ! 

He  meditates,  his  head  upon  his  hand — 

What,  from  beneath  iris  helm-like  bonnet  scowls? 

Is  it  a  face,  or  but  an  eyeless  skull  ? 

Tis  lost  in  shade ;  yet,  like  the  basilisk, 

It  fascinates,  and  is  intolerable. 

His  mien  is  noble,  most  majestic  ! 

Then  most  so,  when  the  distant  choir  is  heard  at  noon  or  eve." 

Italy. 

Medici,  Giulio  de',  Pope  Clement  VII.  (+  1534).3  The  rays  of 
the  sun  passing  through  a  ball  of  crystal  (Fig.  124).  Motto,  Candor 
illsesus,  "  Purity  unsullied ;"  that  is,  as  the  rays  of  the  sun  passing 
through  a  ball  of  crystal  burn  objects  of  every  colour  except  white, 

1  Eogers.  more  to  be  of  stone.     It  is  a  great  happi- 

2  Michael  Angelo's  reply  shows  his  ness  to  me  not  to  see  or  hear,  while  evil 
courageous  opposition  to  the  power  that  and  shame  last.  Therefore  do  not  awaken 
oppressed  his  country  :  me  :  pray  !  speak  low." 

»  Grato  m'  e  il  sonno.  e  plh  l'esser  di  sasso ;  3  Natural  son  of  Giuliano,  the  brother 

"Mentre  che  il  dannu  e  la  vergogna  dura,  of  Lorenzo   the   Magnificent,    who   was 

Non  veder,  non  sentlr,  m'  e  gran  venture ;  killed   in   the  conspiracy  of  the   Pazzi, 

Perd,  non  mi  destar :  deta!  parla,  basso."  1498        Qiulio     was     elected     pope    in 

"  Sleep   is   grateful   to   me,   and   still  1525. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


177 


so  the  purity  of  his  soul  could  uot  be  injured  by  the  malignity  of  his 
enemies.  This  device  was  made  in  the  time  of  Adrian  VI.,  when 
the  adversaries  of  the  Cardinal  conspired  against  his  life.1  It  is  of 
frequent  occurrence  on  medals,  and  in  the  decorations  of  the  Vatican. 
Mr.  J.  C.  Robinson,  in  his  elaborate  catalogue  of  the  Napier  Collection, 


Fig.  124.— Pope  Clement  VII. 


at  West  Shandon,  notes  a  "  majolica  plate,  reverse  decorated  with  a 
shield  of  arms  in  the  centre,  and  motto,  Candor  ittassus,"  probably 
executed  for  Pope  Clement  VII. 

Medici,  Cardinal  Ippolito  de'  (-f-1535),  son  of  Giuliano,  and 
nephew  of  Pope  Leo  X.  He  was  styled  the  Magnificent.  "  At  once,' 
says  Eoscoe,  "  the  patron,  companion,  and  the  rival  of  all  the  poets,  the 
musicians,  and  the  wits  of  his  time.  Without  territories  and  without 
subjects,  Ippolito  maintained  at  Bologna  a  court  far  more  splendid 
than  that  of  any  Italian  potentate." 

To  mark  the  surpassing  beauty  of  Giulia  di  Gonzaga,  for  whom 
his  adoration  was  unbounded,  Ippolito  took  for  impresa  the  planet 
Venus  (Fig.  125),  which  outvies  all  other  stars  in  brightness,  and 
throws  out  its  rays  like  the  tail  of  a  comet ;  his  motto,  Inter  omnes, 
"  Among  all,"  an  abbreviation  of  a  line  from  Horace : 

"  Micat  inter  omnes 
Julium  sidus." 


Oapaceio. 


2  For  catjdor,  read  candor. 


N 


178 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


"  The  Julian  star,"  alluding  to  her  name,  "  outshines  the  rest."  This 
device,  observes  Giovio,  bore  the  form  of  a  comet,  and  therefore  may 
be  said  to  have  prognosticated  the  death  of  Ippolito,  which  was  occa- 


Fig.  125. — Cardinal  Ippolito  de'  Medici. 

sioned  by  his  affection  for  Giulia,  as  he  was  poisoned  in  a  castle 
belonging  to  that  lady  at  Itri,  to  the  great  grief  of  the  Koman 
Court. 

This  device  and  motto  of  Ippolito  were  also  given  to  Cardinal 
Mazarin,  whose  name  was  Giulio,  and  who  bore  stars  in  his 
arms. 

Cardinal  Ippolito  had  another  impresa,  an   eclipse  of  the  moon 


Fig.  126.— Cardinal  Ippolito  de'  Medici. 


(Fig.  126).  Motto,  Hinc  aliquando  eludabor,  "Hence  I  shall  at 
some  time  struggle  out,"  as  one  who  hoped  to  extricate  himself  from 
unfavourable  affairs — "  Mine  is  only  a  temporary  eclipse." 


AND  WAK-CKIES. 


179 


Medici,  Alessandeo  de',  first  Duke,  assassinated  bj  Lorenzino, 
a  descendant  of  the  younger  branch  of  the  Medici.1  During  the 
imperial  war  against  Kome,  Emanuel,  King  of  Portugal,  sent  an 
elephant  to  the  Pontiff  to  be  used  in  the  wars.  The  elephant  never 
reached  Borne,  for  the  vessel  which  conveyed  it  struck  upon  a  rock 
off  Porto  Yenere,  and  the  animal  being  chained,  was  unable  to  save 
itself  by  swimming.  Duke  Alexander  availed  himself  of  the  incident 
to   manifest   his   animosity   to   Kome  by   choosing    for   his    device 


Fig.  127. — Ale=sandro  de'  Medici,  Duke  of  Florence. 

a  rhinoceros  (Fig.  127),  the  great  enemy  of  the  elephant,2  and 
caused  this  impresa  to  be  damascened  upon  his  cuirass,  and 
embroidered  on  the  housings  of  a  horse  he  ran  at  Rome  for  the 
races,  with  the  motto,  Non  buelvo  sin  veneer,  "  I  do  not  roar  without 
conquering."     See  Badges,  England,  Cromwell. 


1  Superstition  observed  that  Alexander 
died  in  the  year  1536  (Florentine  style), 
on  the  sixth  day  of  the  month,  on  the 
sixth  hour  of  the  night,  of  six  wounds, 
at  twenty-six  years  of  age,  in  the  sixth 
year  of  his  reign,  and  therefore  six  sixes 
were  combined  in  his  death,  making  up 
the  age  of  6  x  6  =  36  of  the  current  year  of 
the  sixteenth  century. -Napier's  Florence. 

2  Pliny  says  that  the  rhinoceros  is  the 


second  enemy  of  the  elephant  (the  dragon 
is  the  first),  that  the  rhinoceros  "  fileth 
that  home  of  his  against  hard  stones, 
and  maketh  it  sharpe  against  he  should 
fight,"  and  in  his  conflict  with  the 
elephant  he  pierces  him  in  the  more 
tender  parts,  until  he  killeth  him,  or  the 
elephant  overthrows  his  adversary  by 
strangling  him  with  his  proboscis. — 
Book  viii.,  ch.  20. 

N    2 


180 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


Medici,  Cosmo  de',  the  first  Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany  (4-1574), 
was  son  of  Giovanni  de'  Medici,  styled,  II  gran  diavolo,  general  of  the 
black  band — "  Banda  Nera  " — long  celebrated  for  their  courage  and 
ferocity,  and  so  styled  because  they  carried  black  banners  after  the 
death  of  their  master  and  patron,  Pope  Leo  X. 

Cosmo  adopted  the  old  devices  of  the  Medici,  with  punning 
significations;  the  feathers  and  ring  to  signify  he  would  be  always 
unmovable  in  the  midst  of  difficulties :  Semper  adamas  in  poenis, 
"  Always  adamant  in  trouble  " — there  being  little  difference  between 
the  words  poenis  and  pennis.  Also  the  silver  falcon  and  diamond  ring 
cut  in  a  point,  Sper  aver  un  di-amante  senza  fine. 

At  the  beginning  of  his  reign,  Cosmo  took  the  device  of  a  branch 
torn  from  a  tree,  from  the  place  of  which  another  immediately  shot 


Fig.  128. — Cosmo,  Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany. 


forth  (Fig.  128)  with  the  motto,  Primo  avulso  non  deficit  alter, 
"  When  the  first  is  torn  away,  a  second  is  not  wanting," — alluding  to 
the  bough  of  the  golden  tree  which  iEneas,  by  direction  of  the  Sibyl, 
gathered  before  his  descent  into  the  infernal  regions,  thus  described  by 
Yirgil : 

"  In  the  neighb'ring  grove 
There  stands  a  tree :  the  queen  of  Stygian  Jove 
Claims  it  her  own ;  thick  woods  and  gloomy  night 
Conceal  the  happy  plant  from  human  sight. 
One  bough  it  bears ;  but  (wondrous  to  behold) 
The  ductile  rind  and  leaves  of  radiant  gold  : 
This  from  the  vulgar  branches  must  be  torn, 
And  to  fair  Proserpine  the  present  borne, 


AND  WAK-CEIES.  181 

Ere  leave  be  giv'n  to  tempt  the  uether  skies. 

The  first  thus  rent,  a  second  will  arise  ; 

And  the  same  metal  the  same  room  supplies. 

Look  round  the  wood,  with  lifted  eyes,  to  see 

The  lurking  gold  upon  the  fatal  tree  : 

Then  rend  it  off,  as  holy  rites  command  : 

The  willing  metal  will  obey  thy  hand, 

Following  with  ease,  if,  favour'd  by  thy  fate, 

Thou  art  predoom'd  to  view  the  Stygian  state  : 

If  not,  no  labour  can  the  tree  constrain, 

And  strength  of  stubborn  arms,  and  steel  are  vain." 

Drtden's  JEneid,  Book  vi. 

The  inipresa  is  bad,  but  the  motto  at  once  suggests  its  meaning,  viz., 
that  although  Duke  Alexander's  life  had  been  taken  away,  there 
would  not  be  wanting  another  golden  branch  of  the  same  race  to 
succeed.  The  Grand  Duke  Cosmo  was  descended  from  Lorenzo, 
younger  brother  of  Cosmo,  "  Pater  Patriae,"  Alexander  being  the  last 
of  the  elder  branch  of  the  Medici  who  ruled  in  Florence.  This  made 
the  device  the  more  appropriate,  as  with  Cosmo  a  new  branch  shot 
forth. 

The  impresa  of  the  torn  branch  and  its  motto  was  also  assumed  by 
Yulson  de  la  Colombiere,  the  "  father  of  heraldry ;"  he  meaning  to 
intimate  that  if  he  were  cut  off  in  the  midst  of  his  labours  there  soon 
would  be  found  one  like  him  for  a  successor. 

Cosmo,  like  the  Emperor  Augustus,  was  born  under  the  sign  of 
Capricorn,  and  on  the  same  day  (the  1st  of  August)  that  Augustus 
won  the  battle  of  Actium,  Cosmo  gained  the  victory  which  established 
his  authority  and  extinguished  the  Florentine  republic,  1538.  He 
therefore  chose  for  his  device  the  zodiacal  sign,  as  figured  on  the 
ancient  medals,  with  the  world  under  his  feet,  and  the  helm  and  cornu- 
copias. The  motto,  Fidem  fati,  virtute  sequemur,  "  In  reliance  on 
destiny,  we  will  follow  virtue,"  being  the  words  he  addressed  to  his 
uncle,  Cardinal  Cybo,  after  the  assassination  of  his  predecessor,  when  he 
modestly  declared  that  he  would  endeavour  by  his  own  merits  to 
procure  the  good  fortune  promised  by  his  horoscope. 

Cosmo  also  took  two  anchors  crossed,  with  the  motto  Diiabus, 
"  By  two,"  meaning,  either  that  he  had  secured  his  authority  upon  two 
supports,  the  protection  of  the  Emperor  Charles  V.  and  the  impreg- 
nable condition  of  his  fortresses ;  or,  as  Domenichi  infers,  upon  the 
affections  of  his  subjects  and  the  fear  of  God. 

Another  impresa  adopted  by  Cosmo  was  the  tortoise  with  a  sail 


182 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


(Fig.  129).  Motto,  Festina  lente,  "Hasten  slowly;"  a  device  suggested 
by  the  Crab  and  Butterfly  of  Augustus,  or  the  Dolphin  and  Anchor  of 
Vespasian.  "  Do  nothing  rashly.  Let  your  haste  be  restrained  by 
caution."  The  same  sentiment  was  expressed  by  the  Dolphin  and 
Chameleon  of  Pope  Paul  III. 


Fig.  129.. — Cosmo,  Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany. 

Leonora  di  Toledo,  wife  of  Duke  Cosmo,  took  a  log  of  burning- 
wood  lying  on  the  ground,  the  flames  ascending  to  heaven  ;  in  imitation 
probably,  of  the  "  broncone  "  of  Piero  de'  Medici.  Motto,  Imis  hserens, 
ad  sitprema,  "  Clinging  to  the  lowest,  I  mount  to  the  highest," — mean- 
ing that  although  tied  and  bound  to  earthly  objects,  her  aspirations 
rose  to  heaven. 

Medici,  Francesco  de'  (-j- 1587),  second  Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany, 
adopted  for  his  device,  a  toad  gazing  at  a  weasel  armed  with  a  branch 


Tig.  130. — Francesco,  Grand  Duke  ol  Tuscany. 

of  rue  (Fig.  130).  Motto,  Amal  victoria  curam,1 "  Victory  loves  care ;" 
i.e.,  demands  caution,  a  whimsical  impresa  derived  from  the  statement 

1  "  Jure  igitur  vineemur,  aniat  victoria       aptly  adopted  by  Her  Majesty"s  physician, 
uram." — Catullus.  This  motto  has  been      Sir  James  Clarke,  Bart. 


AND  WAE-CEIES. 


133 


of  Pliny,  who,  speaking  of  this  herb,  says  : — "  In  the  like  manner  it  is 
singular  good  against  the  stinging  of  serpents ;  for  the  very  weasels, 
when  they  prepare  themselves  to  combat  with  them,  use  to  eat  this 
herb  beforehand,  for  to  be  secured  from  their  venom." 

Giovanna,  of  Austria,  the  wife  of  Francesco,  took,  on  the  occasion 


Fig.  131. — Giovanna  de'  Medici. 


of  their  marriage,  the  device  of  two  turtle  doves  (Fig.  131),  with  the 
motto,  Fida  eonjunctio,  "  A  faithful  union ;"  and  that  of  two  crows :  the 
one  a  symbol  of  conjugal  fidelity,  the  other  of  concord  and  long  life. 


Fig.  132.— Giovanna  de'  Medici. 

Also,  the  sun  shining  upon  a  pearl  just  emerged  from  the  ocean 
(Fig.  132).  Motto,  Tu  splendorem,  tu  vigorem,  "  Thou  (givest)  bright- 
ness ;  thou  strength,"  that  is,  as  the  pearl  derives  all  its  whiteness, 
brilliancy,  and  firmness  from  the  sun,  so  from  heaven  alone  she  looked 
for  strength,  virtue,  and  grace.  "  The  pearl,"  says  Pliny,  "  is  soft  and 
tender  so  long  as  it  is  in  the  water ;  take  it  forth  once,  and  pre- 
sently it  hardeneth." 


184  H1ST0EIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

When  a  girl,  Giovanna's  motto  was,  Et  a  Domino  non  cessabit  eor 
meum,  "  And  from  the  Lord  my  heart  does  not  depart,"  suggested  by 
the  words  of  Jeremiah  xvii.  5. 

Ferdinand,  Cardinal  and  Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany  (-{-1609),  to 
announce  his  intention  to  govern  with  paternal  kindness,  assumed  for 
his  device  a  swarm  of  bees  encompassing  their  queen  (who  is  said  to 
have  no  sting).  Motto,  Majestate  tantum,  "  By  her  royalty  alone." 
This  device  is  also  placed  on  the  equestrian  statue  of  the  Grand  Duke 
Cosmo  I.  at  Leghorn. 

Ferdinand  likewise  used,  with  his  bees,  the  motto,  Pro  rege 
exacuunt,  "  For  the  king  they  point  their  sting,"  as  Yirgil  describes 
them  in  the  fourth  Georgic : 

"  Onward  they  troop,  and  brandishing  their  wings, 
Fit  their  fierce  claws,  and  point  their  poison'd  stings ; 
Throng  to  th'  imperial  tent,  their  king  surround, 
Provoke  the  foe,  and  loud  defiance  sound." 

Dhyden's  Virgil. 

Ferdinand  was  succeeded  by  Cosmo  II.,  the  protector  of  Galileo, 
who  named  the  "  Stelle  Medicii "  in  compliment  to  his  patron. 

Melfi,1  Giovanni  Caracctolo,  second  Prince  of.  Placed  round 
the  blue  lion  of  his  house  the  motto,  Solantur  conscientia  et  finis, 
"  Conscience  and  the  end  are  consoled." 

Milan,  City. 

"  Austun  le  pore,  Bourges  ha  le  mouton, 
A  us  quels  le  nom  de  mon  pays  doibt  on 
Noinme  Milan  demy  laine,  en  cette  aage 
Term  sacre,  en  veille  Francois  langage. 
La  fut  Pallas,  oue  Tecle  est  veneree, 
Devant  le  temple  a  la  vierge  honnoree, 
Un  pore  mouton  peur  signe  est  a  la  porte, 
Qui  demy  soye  et  demy  laine  porte.'' 2 


1  Melfi,  a  city  in  the  province  of  the  Joanna  II.  conferred  the  title  upon  the 

Basilicata,    founded     by    some    Koman  Caracciolo  family,  and  by  Frederic  it  was 

nobles  who  were  shipwrecked  in  accom-  raised  to  a  principality.    Giovanni  Carac- 

panying  Constantine  the  Great  to  Con-  ciolo   rebelled   against  Charles   V.    and 

stantinople,     a.d.     304.       Finding    the  joined  the  French,  which  ended  the  reign 

situation  too  exposed  to  invasion,  some  of  the  Caraccioli  in  Melfi,  and  the  title 

of  the  inhabitants  migrated  to  the  moun-  of    Prince   of    Melfi    was   conferred    by 

tains  near  Salerno,  where  they  founded  a  Charles  V.  upon  Andrea  Doria.— '  Descrit- 

city    called    A-melfi, — i.e.,   from    Melfi.  tione  del  Regno  di  Napoli.'  Napoli,  1671. 

Joanna  made  Niccolo  Accialo,  the  Grand  2  '  Emblemes    d'Alciat    en    Latin    et 

Seneschal,  Count  of  Melfi  ;  but  in  1392  Francois.'    Paris,  1561. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  185 

This  is  the  etymology  of  the  name  of  the  city  of  Milan,  which  is 
said  to  have  been  so  named  because  at  its  first  foundation  was  found  a 
biformed  pig  (half  pig  and  half  sheep),  covered  half  with  silk,  and  half 
with  wool,  hence  called  in  French  Mi-lan,  and  in  Latin  Mediolanum ; 
the  pig-sheep  containing  in  its  signification  the  arms  of  two  cities  of 
France,  viz.,  Autun,  formerly  the  first  town  of  the  Gauls,  which  bears  a 
pig,  and  Bourges,  metropolis  of  Berry  and  Guyenne,  which  bears  a  sheep. 

Milan,  Visoonti  of.  Much  has  been  written  as  to  the  origin  of 
the  biscia,  or  serpent  devouring  a  child  (Fig.  133),  borne  as  their 


Fig.  133.— Biscia  of  Milan. 

arms  by  the  Dukes  of  Milan.1  Some  assign  this  singular  bearing  to 
Ottone  Visconti,  who  led  a  body  of  Milanese  in  the  train  of  Peter  the 
Hermit,  and  at  the  Crusades  fought  and  killed  in  single  combat  the 
Saracen  giant,  Volux,  upon  whose  helmet  was  this  device,  which 
Ottone  afterwards  assumed  as  his  own,  instead  of  the  seven  crowns2 
he  previously  bore.  Such  is  the  version  adopted  by  Tasso,  who 
enumerates  Ottone  among  the  Christian  warriors : 

"  E  '1  forte  Otton  clie  conquisto  lo  scudo, 
In  cui  dall'  augue  esce  il  fanciullo  ignudo.'' 

Gerusalemme  Inberata,  Canto  i.,  st.  55. 

"  Otho  fierce,  whose  valour  won  the  shield 
That  bears  a  child  and  serpent  on  the  field." 

Hoole"s  Translation. 


1  An  ancient  writer  on  heraldry  thus  englouty  un  enfant  de  gueulles." 

describes  the  Visconti  arms :—"  Le  due  de  2  Imhoff  ('Hist.    Italia    et  Hispania 

Milan  porte  d'argentaun  serpent  d'azur,  Genealogicse ')  says  the  seven  crowns  are 

nomme  une  grosse  le'zarde  a  dix   tours  the  arms  of  the  ancient  Lombard  king- 

tournans,  cinq  en  tournant,  et  cinq  en  dom  of  Italy, 
avalant    sa   queue    recroquillaut,    ayant 


186  H1ST0EIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

From  another  legend  we  learn  that,  when  Count  Boniface,  Lord 
of  Milan,  went  to  the  Crusades,  his  child,  born  during  his  absence, 
was  devoured  in  its  cradle  by  a  huge  serpent  which  ravaged 
the  country.  On  his  return,  Count  Boniface  went  in  search  of  the 
monster,  and  found  him  with  a  child  in  its  mouth.  He  fought  and 
slew  him,  but  at  the  cost  of  his  own  life.  Hence  his  posterity  bore 
the  serpent  and  child  as  their  ensign. 

Menestrier  says  that  the  first  lords  of  Milan  were  called  after  their 
castle  of  Angleria,  in  Latin  anguis,  and  that  these  are  only  the  armes 
parlantes  of  their  names.     Be  that  as  it  may — 

"  Lo  squamoso  Biscion," 

"  The  scaly  snake  "  (Parisotti), 

was  adopted  alike  by  all  the  Visconti  lords,  and  by  their  successors  of 

the  house  of  Sforza. 

"  Sforza  e  Viscontei  colubri." 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  xiii.,  st.  63. 

And  again : 

"  Ugo  il  figlio  e  con  lui,  che  di  Milano 
Fara  l'acquisto,  e  spieghera  i  colubri." 

Ibid.  Canto  iii.,  st.  26. 

"  Hugo  appears  with  hiin,  his  valiant  son, 
Who  plants  bis  conquering  snakes  in  Milan's  town.'' 

Hoole's  Translation. 

Matteo  Visconti  was,  in  1294,  elected  Imperial  Vicar,  with  per- 
mission to  add  the  imperial  eagle  to  his  escutcheon,  and  upon  his 
descendants,  the  Emperor  Albert  conferred  the  privilege  of  placing  a 
crown  of  gold  upon  the  head  of  the  serpent. 

Nor  does  Dante  omit  to  allude  to  this  celebrated  device.  When 
Beatrice  of  Este,  widow  of  Nino,  Judge  of  Gallura,  remarried  to 
Galeazzo  Visconti  (-f  1328),  meets  her  first  husband  in  purgatory,  he 
thus  reproaches  her : 

"  Non  le  fara  si  bella  sepoltura 
La  vipera  che  i  Milanesi  accampa 
Corn'  avria  fatto  il  gallo  di  Gallura." 

Purgatorio,  Canto  vii.,  1.  79. 

Visconti,  Galeazzo,  II.  (-f  1378)  shared  the  inheritance  of  his 
uncle,  the  cardinal,  successively  with  his  two  brothers,  Matteo  and  the 
wicked  Bernabo.  He  was  a  learned  prince,  the  friend  of  Petrarch, 
and   connected   with   England   by   the   marriage   of    his   daughter, 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  187 

Violante,  to  Lionel,  Duke  of  Clarence.  When  in  Holland,  he  killed  a 
knight,  whose  singular  device  on  his  shield  he  transferred  to  his  own 
— a  burning  branch,  tizzone,  from  which  two  water-buckets  were 
suspended,  with  the  motto,  Humentia  siccis,1  "  The  wet  with  the  dry," 
the  exact  meaning  of  which  is  not  known,  but  it  probably  was 
intended  to  convey  that  ardour  must  be  moderated  by  prudence. 
Galeazzo  bore  this  device  upon  his  coins. 

Visconti,  Bernabo  (-)-  1385),  the  cruel  brother  of  Galeazzo. 
His  passion  for  the  chase  was  so  great  that  he  kept  more  than  fifty 
thousand  dogs,  all  of  which  were  quartered  upon  the  citizens  of  Milan, 
who  were  responsible  for  their  health.  In  the  Brera  at  Milan  is  the 
tomb  of  Bernabo,  surmounted  by  the  earliest  equestrian  statue  in 
Europe.  The  biscia  is  prominently  displayed  on  his  back.  Force 
and  Justice  are  represented,  the  latter  with .  a  label  in  her  left  hand, 
at  the  end  of  which  is  the  word  "  Souvrayne,"  and  a  barking  dog 
between  two  plants,  and  underneath,  the  device  of  a  dog  concealed 
among  the  flames,  all  now  unintelligible.  Bernabo  was  poisoned  at 
the  age  of  seventy. 

Visconti,  Gian  Galeazzo  (-f-  1402),  first  Duke  of  Milan. 
Having  dethroned  his  uncle,  Bernabo,  he  sought  to  aggrandize  his 
territory ;  he  bought  the  title  of  Duke  of  Milan  of  the  Emperor 
Wenceslaus,  1395  ;  and  had  he  lived,  would  have  converted  his 
duchy  into  a  kingdom.  He  quartered  the  French  fleur-de-lis  on  his 
marriage  with  Isabella,  daughter  of  Charles  VI.,  and  he  married  his 
daughter  Valentine  to  Louis,  Duke  of  Orleans  :  alliances  which  proved 
fatal  to  the  peace  of  Italy.  He  founded  the  Certosa  at  Pa  via,  which 
is  rich  in  the  pietra  dura  of  the  altars  and  the  whole  of  its  archi- 
tectural decoration.  The  sarcophagus  of  Gian  Galeazzo  is  of  the 
finest  workmanship,  and  is  enriched  with  six  historical  relievos, 
representing  his  creation  as  Duke  of  Milan,  his  foundation  of  the 
Certosa,  his  victory  over  the  imperialists  at  Brescia,  and  other  actions 
of  his  life ;  he  died  at  Marignano.  His  funeral  was  at  Milan,  and  was 
followed  by  two  hundred  and  forty  cavaliers  bearing  the  banners  of 
as  many  cities  and  castles  subject  to  him.  His  portrait  at  the  Certosa 
represents  him  attired  in  a  robe  semee,  with  doves  and  rays  of  the 
sun,  a  symbol  he  usually  employed.  If  the  painting  had  been  better 
preserved,  the  motto,  A  bon  droit,  would  be  seen  on  the  ribbon  in  the 

i  «<  Frigida  pugnabant  calidis,  humentia  siccis." — Ovid. 


188 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


bird's  beak.  Money  was  coined  with  this  device,  as  appears  from  an 
ordinance,  by  which  an  additional  value  is  given  to  several  coins, 
among  which  is  mentioned  that  of  "  Pigione." 

Visconti,  Valentine  (+  1408),  widow  of  Louis  I,  Duke  of 
Orleans,  after  whose  assassination  she  retired  to  Blois,  from  which 
city  she  in  vain  demanded  justice  of  the  murderers  of  her  husband. 
Her  entreaties  were  not  comprehended  by  the  imbecile  king, 
Charles   VI.,   nor    listened    to   by   his   corrupt   queen,   Isabella  of 


,ft,i*nrM"ii '  l 

Fig.  134. — Valentine,  Duchess  of  Orleans. 

Bavaria.      Valentine  took  for  device  the  watering-jiot  (cliantepleure)1 

between  two  letters  S,  initials  of  Soucy  and  Soupir  (Fig.  134),  with 

the  motto — 

'•  Rien  ne  in 'est  plus, 
Plus  ne  m'est  rien." 

These  two  melancholy  lines  were  repeated  in  every  part  of  the  rooms 
of  the  duchess,  the  walls  of  which  were  hung  with  black  drapery 


1  "The  chautepleure,  or  water-pot, 
was  made  of  earthenware,  about  a  foot 
high,  the  orifice  at  the  top  the  size  of  a 
pea,  and  the  bottom  pierced  with 
numerous  small  holes.  Immersed  in 
water,  it  quickly  fills.     If  the  opening 


at  the  top  be  then  closed  with  the  thumb, 
the  vessel  may  be  carried,  and  the  water 
distributed  in  small  or  large  quantities, 
as  required,  in  the  mode  of  a  modern 
watering-pot." — Smith,  Catalogue  of  the 
Museum  of  London  Antiquities. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  189 

semee  of  white  tears.  After  a  year  of  sorrow,  Yalentine  died  at  the 
age  of  thirty-eight.  Her  device  is  to  be  seen  at  Blois,  and  in  the 
magnificent  tomb  raised  to  her  memory  by  her  grandson,  Louis  XII., 
to  whom  she  left  the  fatal  inheritance  of  her  right  to  the  duchy  of 
Milan.     The  chantepleure  is  mentioned  by  Lydgate — 

"  Like  chantepleure,  now  singing,  now  weeping." 

It  is  of  frequent  occurrence,  as  the  device  of  the  Duchess  of  Orleans, 
in  the  inventories  of  the  time. 

"  1455.  Pour  avoir  faict  une  chantepleure  d'or,  a  la  devise  de  ma  dicte  dame  (la 
Duchesse  d'Orleaus),  par  elle  donne'e  a  MS.  Alof  de  Cloves,  son  frere  pour  porter  une 
plnrne  sur  son  chappeau." — Inv.  des  Dues  de  Bourgogne,  No.  6732. 

"  1455.  A.  Jehan  Lessayeur,  orfevre,  pour  avoir  fait  deux  jartieres  d'or  pour 
Madame  la  Duchesse  (d'Orleans)  esmaille'es  a  larmes  et  a  pense'es." — Ibid. 

"1455.  Une  chantepleure  d'or  a  la  devise  de  Madame  (la  Duchesse  d'Orleans) 
pour  porter  une  plume  sur  le  chappeau." — Ibid.  No.  6732. 

Yisconti,  Giovan  Maria  (-J-1404)  fell  by  assassination.  He 
began  his  administration  by  parricide,  and  continued  a  course  of 
cruelty  almost  unparalleled ;  he  hunted  his  victims  with  dogs  trained 
for  the  purpose.  On  the  painting  in  the  Certosa  he  is  represented 
with  the  biseia  and  the  tizzone  of  his  grandfather. 

Yisconh,  Filippo  Maria  (-{-1447),  brother  of  Giovan  Maria, 
and  husband  of  the  ill-fated  Beatrice  di  Tenda,  whom  he  caused  to 
be  put  to  death  at  the  castle  of  Binasco.  He  deprived  his  general, 
Carmagnola,  of  his  dignities,  and  had  afterwards  to  oppose  him  as 
commander-in-chief  of  the  Venetian  and  Florentine  armies,  until  the 
unjust  execution  of  this  great  man  delivered  Filippo  Maria  from  his 
most  formidable  opponent.  He  restored  Alfonso  of  Aragon  to  liberty, 
and  by  marrying  his  only  daughter  and  heiress,  Bianca  Maria,  to 
Francesco  Sforza,  the  dukedom  passed  into  that  family.  Duke  Filippo 
quartered  the  biseia  with  three  eagles.1 

Milan,  Sforza  of. 

According  to  the  system  of  shrouding  the  origin  of  a  great  family 
in  fable,  the  house  of  Sforza  is  said  to  have  sprung  from  Muzio 
Attendolo,  a  peasant  of  Cotignola,  in  Komagna,  in  the  fourteenth 

1  Litta,  '  Famiglie  Celebri.' 


190 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


century.  He  was  one  day  working  in  the  fields,  when  the  sound  of 
military  music  awakened  his  martial  feeling.  Struggling  between 
his  duty  to  his  family  and  his  own  inclinations,  he  determined  to  refer 
the  decision  to  chance.  "  I  am  going,"  said  he,  "  to  throw  my  axe 
against  this  oak :  if  it  remains  in  the  tree,  I  will  be  a  soldier ;  if  it 
falls  to  the  ground  I  will  remain  as  I  am."  The  axe  was  fixed  in  the 
oak,  and  Muzio  followed  the  soldiers. 

The  surname  of  Sforza  was  given  to  his  grandson,  born  1369. 
He  was  one  of  the  most  celebrated  condottieri  of  the  fourteenth 
century,  having  served  under  Sir  John  Hawkwood,  II  Broglio,  and 
Alberigo  Barbiano ;  and  having  passed  through  all  the  necessary 
grades,  according  to  the  fashion  of  the  time,  he  placed  himself  at  the 


Fig.  135. — Sforza  Arms. 

head  of  a  band  of  adventurers,  and  entered  the  service  of  the  Emperor 
Eobert.  He  assisted  the  Church  to  sustain  the  Angevin  party  in 
Naples,  he  defeated  Ladislaus  at  the  Garigliano,  and  was  created  by 
John  II.  Count  of  Cotignola.  Jealous  of  Paolo  Orsini,  he  left  the 
service  of  the  Church  and  joined  Ladislaus,  who  made  him  first  baron 
of  the  kingdom  of  Naples,  and  Joanna  II.  conferred  on  him  the 
dignity  of  High  Constable.  He  was  drowned,  1424,  in  the  river 
Pesoara.  At  his  death,  Joanna  decreed  that  his  surname  Sforza 
should  be  substituted  for  his  cognomen  of  Attendolo,  and  remain 
hereditary  in  his  descendants.  Sforza  bore  on  his  banner  a  quince 
{Porno  cotogno),  the  emblem  of  the  town  of  Cotignola,  where  he  was 
born.  The  Emperor  Eobert,  of  Bavaria,  1401,  granted  the  lion 
rampant  or  (Fig.  135)  to  Sforza,  at  a  time  when,  astonished  at  the 


AND  WAK-CKIES.  191 

bravery  of  his  band,  who  came  to  his  assistance  against  the  Duke  of 
Milan,  he  said,  "  Io  ti  voglio  donare  un  leone  degno  della  tua  prodezza, 
il  quale  colla  man  sinistra  sostegna  il  cotogno,  e  minaccendo  colla 
destra  il  defende  ;  e  guai  a  chi  lo  tocchi !"  ("  I  will  give  you  a  lion 
worthy  of  your  bravery,  which  will  support  the  quince  with  the  left 
hand,  and  defend  it  with  the  right ;  and  woe  to  him  who  touches 
it !") 

Sforza,  Francesco  (-J-1466),  fourth  son  of  Muzio  Attendolo,  by 
right  of  his  wife,  Bianca  Visconti,  took  possession  of  the  state  of 
Milan ;  and,  having  quelled  all  disturbances,  he  caused  to  be  em- 
broidered on  his  military  surcoat  a  dog  seated  under  a  tree,  with  the 


Fig.  136.— Francesco  Sforza. 

motto,  Quietum  nemo  me  impune  lacessit,  "  When  at  rest,  no  one 
shall  safely  provoke  me "  (Fig.  136) ;  meaning  that  he  molested 
no  one,  but  was  ready  to  defend  himself  against  any  who  dared  to 
attack  him. 

Sforza,  Galeazzo  Maria  (-j-1476),  son  and  successor  of  Francesco, 
used  a  most  obscure  device — a  lion  with  a  helmet  on  its  head,  seated 
before  the  burning  branch  (tizzone),  and  water-buckets  of  Galeazzo 
Visconti,  with  the  word  Jovii,  "  Belonging  to  Jove  "  (Fig.  137).   This 


192  HISTOEIO  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

tyrant  fell  by  the  hand  of  three  conspirators,  urged  by  a  fanatic  to 
imitate  the  example  of  those  in  ancient  history  who  had  perished  in 
the  extirpation  of  tyranny. 


Fig.  137. — Galeazzo  Maria  Sforza. 

His  wife,  Bona  of  Savoy,  who  was  left,  with  the  faithful  Simo- 
netta,  guardian  of  his  son,  a  child  of  eight  years  of  age,  took  at  his 
death,  and  had  engraved  upon  her  coins,  a  phoenix,  with  the  motto, 
Sola  facta,  solum  oleum  sequor,  "  Being  made  solitary,  I  follow  only 
God." 

This  princess  is  thus  introduced  by  the  poet  Accolti,  lamenting 
her  misfortunes : 

•'  Be  padre,  re  fratel,  dnca  c  consorte, 
Ebbi,  e  in  tre  anni,  i  tre  rapi  la  morte." 

"  I  had  a  king  for  my  father,  a  king  for  my  brother,  and  a  duke  for  my  husband, 
and  in  three  years  death  deprived  me  of  the  three." 

Sforza,  Ltjdovico — the  Moor,  "  H  Moro."  Some  imagine  that 
Ludovico  was  called  the  Moor  from  his  dark  complexion,  which  is  a 
mistake,  for  he  was  rather  white  and  pallid.  He  took  the  name  when 
he  assumed  as  his  device  the  mulberry-tree  (Latin,  morus),  because 
that  tree  being  the  last  to  bud  and  the  first  to  ripen  its  fruit,  thereby 
avoiding  cold  and  frost,  is  reputed  the  wisest  of  trees,  and  is  the 
received  emblem  of  prudence  and  cautious  policy.     Pliny  says : 

"  Others  againe  bee  backward  and  slow  both  to  bud  and  blossom  ; 
but  they  make  speed  to  ripen  their  fruit,  as  the  Mulberie  tree,  which 
of  civile  and  domesticall  trees  is  the  last  that  doth  bud,  and  never 
before  all  the  cold  weather  is  past ;  and  therefore  she  is  called  the 


AND  WAE-CKIES. 


193 


wisest  tree  of  all  others :  but  after  that  she  begins  once  to  put  forth 
buds,  she  dispatcheth  her  business  out  of  hand,  insomuch  as  in  one 
night  she  hath  done ;  and  that  with  such  a  force,  that  the  breaking 
forth  a  man  may  evidently  heare  the  noise." 1 

When  Ludovico  assumed  the  epithet  of  the  Moor,  the  children 
in  the  streets  used  to  call  out,  "  Moro,  Moro !"  as  he  passed. 

In  the  time  of  his  prosperity  he  was  wont  to  boast  of  having 
driven  the  French  out  of  Italy,  an  enterprise  of  which  he  caused  a 
puerile  imitation  to  be  made ;  viz.,  a  map  of  Italy  full  of  cocks  and 
chickens,  and  a  Moor,  with  a  broom  in  his  hand,  driving  them  away. 

He  likewise  ordered  a  medal  to  be  struck  :  on  the  reverse,  a 
drooping  lily,  meaning  Charles  VIII.,  bitten  by  a  viper,  with  the 
legend,  Cost  io  AIco  di  Dio  faro  in  Italia  dei  nemici  Francesi,  "  Thus 
will  I,  the  instrument  of  Grod,  do  in  Italy  with  its  enemies,  the  French." 


Fig.  138. — Ludovico  Slorza. 


He  also  took  for  his  device  a  castellated  female  figure,  representing 
Italy,  her  robe  covered  with  cities,  and  by  her  side  a  moorish  servant 
with  a  brush  in  his  hand  (Fig.  138).  "  What  means,"  said  the  French 
ambassador  to  the  duke,  "that  black  servant  who  is  brushing  the 
castles  on  the  dress  ?"  Sforza  replied,  "  To  cleanse  them  from  every 
vileness."  To  which  the  acute  ambassador  rejoined,  "Beware,  my 
lord,  lest  the  Moor,  in  using  the  brush,  does  not  draw  all  the  dust 

1  Book  xvi.,  ch.  25. 

0 


194  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

upon  his  own  back  " — a  true  prognostic  of  his  own  fate.  Deserted  by 
the  Swiss  at  the  fatal  battle  of  Novara,  he  was  taken  prisoner  and 
conveyed  to  the  castle  of  Loches,  in  Touraine,  where  he  died  after  ten 
years'  captivity.     Thus  was 

"  Ludovico  il  Moro 
Dato  in  poter  d'  un  altro  Ludovico." 

Orlando  Furioso. 

"  Ludovico  named 
II  Moro,  in  our  time  lias  since  proclaimed 
Who  by  another  Ludovico  fell." 

Hoole's  Translation. 

Ariosto  alludes  to  the  descent  of  Louis  XII.  into  Italy  : 

"  Pei  mostra  ove  il  duodecimo  Luigi 
Passa  con  scorta  Italiana  i  monti ; 
E  svelto  il  Moro,  pon  li  Fiordiligi 
Nel  fecondo  terren  gia  dei  Visconti." 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  xxxiv. 

"  See  !  the  twelfth  Louis  from  the  hills  descend, 
And  with  Italian  scouts  his  army  bend 
T"  uproot  the  mulberry,  and  the  lily  place 
In  fruitful  fields  where  ruled  Visconti's  race." 

Hoole's  Translation. 

Ludovico  had  also  the  device  of  a  serpent  (alluding  to  the  eusign 
of  his  family)  gliding  into  a  hedge.  Motto,  Sed  contra  audentior  Ho, 
"  But,  on  the  other  hand,  go  on  more  boldly  ;"  Tu  ne  cede  malts,  "  Do 
not  yield  to  adversity,"  being  understood. 

Beatrice  d'Este,  his  wife.  Among  other  donations  to  the  church 
of  Santa  Maria  delle  Grazie,1  to  which  Ludovico  and  his  wife  were 
liberal  contributors,  each  gave  splendid  altar  hangings.  Upon  those 
presented  by  Beatrice  she  caused  to  be  embroidered  her  device,  a  sieve 
held  by  a  hand  on  either  side,  with  the  motto,  Ti  a  mi,  e  mi  a  ti, 
"  Thou  to  me,  and  I  to  thee." 

Beatrice  is  buried  in  the  Certosa  at  Pavia,  by  the  side  of  the 
empty  cenotaph  of  Ludovico. 

Sforza,  Cardinal  Ascanio  (-f-  1505),  youngest  brother  of 
Ludovico,  after  having  used  all  his  influence  to  promote  the  elevation 
of  Ptoderigo  Borgia  (Alexander  VI.)  to  the  pontificate,  found  him  to 

1  Better  known  as  containing,  in  the  di  Vinci,  painted  1493,  by  order  of 
refectory  of  the  convent  attached,  the  Ludovico,  who  made  Leonardo  fix  his 
'  Last  Supper,'  or  Cenacolo,  of  Leonardo       residence  at  Milan. 


AND  WAR  CRIES.  195 

be  the  greatest  enemy  of  his  family,  as  it  was  through  his  machinations 
that  Ludovico  was  expelled  from  Milan,  and  he  never  ceased  persecuting 
the  house  of  Sforza  until  they  were  deprived  of  their  duchy  and  sent 
jmsoners  to  France.  Cardinal  Ascanio  took  for  device  the  eclipse  of 
the  sun,  which  is  caused  by  the  intervention  of 
the  moon  stopping  the  sun's  rays  from  falling 
upon  the  earth,  with  the  motto,  Totum  adimit 
quo  ingrata  refulget,  "  It  takes  away  the  whole 
(light)  from  which  it  ungratefully  shines." 

An  old  device  of  the  Sforza  house  was  the 
bulb  of  a  tulip  about  to  shoot  forth  its  leaves, 
with  the  motto,  Mit  zeit,  or  Col  tempo,  "  With 

i."  "     /T7"        i  on\        Tj.    •  i.1  C  Fig.  139. — Sforza  Badge. 

time     (-tig.  139).    It  is  on  the  reverse  of  a  b  6 

medal   struck   upon    the    marriage  of  Francis   II.,  last   duke,  with 
Christiana,  1533. 

Conte  di  Santa  Fiore,  a  lineal  descendant  of  the  great  Sforza  of 
Cotignola,  bore  at  the  battle  of  Scrivia  a  red  standard  semee  of  golden 
quinces.  On  a.  scroll  was  the  motto,  Fragrantia  durant,  Herculea 
collecta  manu,  "  Their  fragrance  remains,  gathered  by  the  hand  of 
Hercules," — alluding  to  the  golden  fruit  gathered  by  Hercules  in  the 
gardens  of  the  Hesperides. 

Montefeltro.     See  Urbino. 

Montluc  (Blaise  de),  Seigneur  de  (-f-  1577),  Marshal  of  France. 
This  ferocious  Gascon  took  for  device,  Deo  duce  et  ferro  comite,  "  God 
leading,  and  my  sword  following." 

Montluc,  Jean  de  (-j-  1579),  brother  of  the  Marshal,  Bishop  of 
Valence,  Ambassador  to  Queen  Elizabeth.  In  reference  to  bis  various 
diplomatic  labours,  he  took  for  motto,  Quse  regio  in  terns  nostri  non 
plena  laboris?  (Virgil)  "What  region  of  the  earth  is  not  full  of 
toil  ?" 

Montmajeur,  Joseph  Comte  de  (-f-  1570),  ambassador  from 
Em.  Philibert,  Duke  of  Savoy,  to  Charles  IX.  His  device  was  an 
eagle  looking  at  the  sun,  with  the  motto,  E)*ecta  ferar  etnon  connivelo, 
"  I  shall  hold  myself  erect,  and  not  blink,"  to  show  that  his  birth  from 
a  house  so  noble  and  illustrious,  that  he  could,  without  being  dazzled, 
sustain  the  highest  fortune,  and  aspire  to  the  highest  honours  that 
could  be  desired  by  a  gentleman  of  his  condition.1 

1  '  Tombeaux  Illustres.' 

o  2 


196  HISTOEIO  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Montmorenci,  Anne  de  (-f-  3  567),  godson  of  Queen  Anne  of 
Brittany,  fifth  Constable  of  his  name,  "  premier  baron,"  and  Grand 
Master  of  France,  Knight  of  the  Garter  and  St.  Michael,  Anne  de 
Montmorenci  was  brought  up  from  his  youth  with  Francis  I.,  who 
employed  him  upon  the  most  important  services  of  peace  or  war.  So 
great  were  his  services  to  Henry  II.,  and  so  great  the  king's  love  for 
him,  that,  having  raised  him  to  a  dukedom,  and  decorated  him  with 
every  honour,  he  commanded  that,  when  dead,  their  hearts,  which  had 
been  united  in  life,  should  repose  in  the  same  tomb.  Under  Francis  II. 
his  favour  changed,  but  not  his  fidelity.  On  the  accession  of  Charles  IX. 
he  returned  to  France,  and  served  against  the  Protestants,  whom  he 
defeated  at  Dreux,  where  he  was  taken  prisoner,  and  at  St.  Denis, 
where  his  victory  cost  him  his  life.  He  fell,  having  received  eight 
mortal  wounds.  His  body  was  carried  to  Montmorency,  where  was 
erected  one  of  the  richest  mausoleums  of  Europe  ;  and  his  heart  was 
placed  at  the  Celestius,  near  that  of  his  beloved  master. 

The  Montmorenci's  take  their  name  from  the  valley  of  Mont- 
morenci, near  Paris.  "When  Dionysius  the  Areopagite,  in  the  reign 
of  Trajan,  arrived  at  Paris,  he  converted  Lisbius  de  Montmorenci, 
first  lord  of  the  city,  who  afterwards  suffered  martyrdom.  When  the 
Franks  spread  over  Gaul,  Lisoye,  the  Lord  of  Montmorenci,  was  one 
of  the  first  to  make  alliance  with  the  conquerors ;  and  as  he  was  the 
first  and  most  powerful  lord  of  the  Isle  de  France,  he  retained  thence- 
forth the  title  of  the  first  baron  of  France,  and,  after  the  baptism  of 
Clovis,  added  that  of  "  premier  baron  Chrestien,"  which  has  been  trans- 
mitted to  their  descendants,  who,  to  show  that  piety  was  dearer  to 
them  than  glory  and  ambition,  took  for  their  war-cry,  "  Dieu  ayde  au 
premier  Chrestien." 

The  Montmorenci  arms  are  or,  a  cross  gules  (as  a  mark  of  the 
martyrdom  of  their  ancestor')  cantoned  with  sixteen  alerions  azure, 
augmented  with  four  by  Bouchard,  Lord  of  Montmorenci,  in  memory 
of  four  imperial  standards  taken  by  him  from  the  army  of  Otho  II.  on 
his  defeat  (978)  near  the  Eiver  Aisne.  Mathieu  de  Montmorenci 
added  twelve  more,  in  memory  of  as  many  ensigns  won  (1214)  from 
Otho  IV.  at  the  battle  of  Bouvines. 

The  Montmorenci  crest  was  a  hound,  with  hanging  ears,  borne, 
it  is  to  be  presumed,  by  the  family  as  a  mark  of  fidelity  to  their  kings, 
and  in  remembrance  of  the  Order  of  the  Dog,  said  to  have  been  insti- 
tuted by  their  ancestor,  Lisoye  de  Montmorenci,  who,  on  an  assembly 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


197 


of  the  states  at  Orleans,  prevailed  upon  several  knights  to  appear 
habited  in  a  gold  collar,  with  the  figure  of  a  dog,  the  emblem  of 
fidelity,  pendent  thereto — the  motto  of  the  order  being  the  same 
as  their  war-cry.  The  Order  of  the  Cock  is  attributed  to  the  same 
family. 

The  supporters  of  the  Montmorenci  arms  are  two  angels,  like  those 
of  the  French  kings.  A  fixed  star,1  with  the  word,  AIIA ANH2  'l 
{Aplanos),  "  Without  change  or  shadow  of  turning,"  is  the  ancient  and 
favourite  device  and  motto  of  the  family. 

Anne  de  Montmorenci  had  five  mottoes,  besides  the  two  he  bore 
as  Grand  Master.  In  mandatis  tuis  Domine  semper  speravi,  "  I  have 
always  trusted  in  thy  commandments,  0  Lord." 

Sicut  erat  in  principio,  "  As  it  was  in  the  beginning."  to  show 
that  the  nobility  of  his  house  was  such  as  to  admit  of  no  increase  of 
honour ;  or  that  honour  and  prosperity  had  not  changed  his  heart. 


Fig.  140. — Constable  Anne  de  Montmorenci. 


When  made  Constable,  he  bore  for  device  the  armed  hand  issuing 
out  of  a  cloud,  with  a  naked  sword,  the  fleur-de-lise  scabbard  and  belt 


1  The  star  without  the  motto  appears  upon  the  seal  of  Herve  de  Montmorency, 
iu  the  year  1186.  2  "  Sans  fraudc." — Paradin. 


198  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

of  the  Constable  hanging  beneath  (Fig.  140),  with  the  motto,  from 
Luean, 

Armuta  lenenti, 
Omnia  dat,  quijusta  neyat. 

''  He  grants  everything  who  denies  justice  to  him  who  holds  arms — i.e.,  a  successful 
combatant  will  not  be  content  with  his  just  rights,  but  will  insist  on  more." 

"  Un  dextrochere  arme  de  gantelets,  issuant  d'un  nuage  tenant, 
la  pointe  haute,  l'epee  de  Connetable,  qu'  entoure  une  banderole  sur 
lequel  est  le  devise." 

He  also  used  this  device  with  "  Aplanos,"  the  motto  of  his  house, 
and  two  others  : — Fidus  et  verax  in  justitia  judicat  et  fiignat,  "  The 
faithful  and  true  in  justice  judges  and  fights," — a  fitting  motto  for  a 
Constable  of  France ;  also,  Dieu  et  mon  grand  service. 

The  following  epitaph  was  placed  over  Montmorenci's  heart  in  the 
Celestins  at  Paris : 

"  C'y  dessous  gist  un  coeur  plem  de  vaillance, 
Un  coeur  d'honneur,  un  cceur  qui  tout  scavoit, 
Cceur  de  vertu,  qui  mille  cceurs  avoit, 
Coeur  de  trois  Rois  et  de  toute  la  France, 
C'y  gist  ce  coeur  qui  fut  notre  asseurance, 
Coeur  qui  le  coeur  de  Justice  vivoit, 
Coeur  qui  de  force  et  de  Conseil  servoit, 
Coeur  que  le  Ciel  honora  des  l'enfance, 
Coeur  non  jamais,  ny  trop  haut,  ny  remis 
Le  coeur  des  siens,  l't'ffroy  des  tnneniis, 
Cceur  qui  fut  coeur  du  Roy  Henry  son  Maistre, 
Roy  qui  voulut  qu'  un  sepulchre  comrnun 
Les  enfermast  apres  leur  mort,  pour  estre 
Comme  en  vivant  deux  mesmes  cceurs  en  un." 

Morvilliers,  Jean  de  (-j-1577),  who  succeeded  Michel  de  l'Hopital 
as  Chancellor  of  France,  bore  for  his  device  the  harrow  (Fig.  141)  tied 
to  the  Pythagorean  Y,  a  rebus  of  his  name.  Mort-vielies,  "  Death  and 
life  united."  The  harrow  is  the  symbol  of  death,  which  makes  all 
things  equal,  as  the  harrow  breaks  up  and  equalises  the  clods  of 
the  field.  Pere  Menestrier  states  that  in  Eome,  at  the  funerals  of 
princes,  cardinals,  and  other  great  personages,  a  harrow  always  figured 
in  the  ceremony,  inscribed  with  the  motto,  Mors  sequat  omnia,  "  Death 
levels  all  things."  He  saw  it  at  the  funeral  of  Queen  Henrietta 
Maria,  and  others.  Morvilliers'  motto  was,  Eoc  virtatis  iter,  "  This 
is  the  road  to  virtue."  The  device  of  the  harrow  was  also  taken 
by  William  of  Hainault  (see),  meaning  that  a  prince  may,  by  his  wise 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


199 


laws  and  good  government,  subvert  bad  principles,  and  crush  those 
who  resist  his  authority. 

The  letter  Y  is  called  the  letter  of  Pythagoras,  because  that 
philosopher  made  it  the  symbol  of  life.  The  foot  of  the  letter,  he 
said,  represented  infancy,  and  as  man  gradually  rises  to  the  age  of 
reason,  he  finds  two  paths  set  before  him,  the  one  leading  to  good,  the 
other  to  evil — portrayed  by  the  two  forks  of  the  letter. 


Fig.  lii. — Chancellor  du  Morvillieis. 


The  Pythagorean  Y  forms  part  of  the  symbolic  decoration  of  a 
carved  mirror  frame  in  the  museum  at  South  Kensington,  an  exquisite 
specimen  of  the  Italian  work  of  the  sixteenth  century.  At  the  base  is 
a  tuft  of  acanthus  leaves,  into  which  is  set  a  large  letter  Y,  from  which, 
on  each  side,  springs  an  acanthus  scroll,  running  to  the  top  ;  and  at 
their  juncture  is  the  device  of  a  flaming  grenade,  on  one  side  of  which 
is  the  recording  angel,  on  the  other  a  human  skeleton.  Within  the 
scroll  are  various  animals ;  on  the  right  (looking  from  the  mil  ror)  are 
the  lion,  unicorn,  eagle,  and  others,  symbolic  of  the  virtues;  and  on  the 
left,  below  the  skeleton,  the  dog,  ape,  a  satyr,  &c,  representing  the 
vices  of  human  nature.  Each  animal  is  accompanied  by  a  capital 
letter,  picked  out  in  gold,  forming  the  words  BONUM  MALUM.  The 
composition,  therefore,  represents  the  life  of  man,  with  the  choice  of 
good  or  evil  set  before  him.  This  mirror  forms  part  of  the  Soul  age 
collection,  and  is  reported  to  have  been  the  property  of  Lucrezia 
Borgia,  which  is  probable,  as  the  flaming  grenade  was  the  device  of 
her  husband,  Duke  Alfonso  of  Este. 


200 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


Naples. — Manfred  (-f-1266),  the  usurper  over  the  unfortunate 
Conradin.  When  Charles  of  Anjou  approached,  he  resolved  to  die 
rather  than  yield.  While  in  the  act  of  adjusting  his  helmet,  a  silver 
eagle,  which  formed  the  crest,  fell  on  his  saddle-bow.  Hoc  est  signum 
Dei,  "  This  is  the  sign  of  God,"  he  said,  "  I  fixed  this  crest  with  my 
own  hands,  it  has  now  fallen  by  chance."  Immediately  plunging  into 
the  thickest  of  the  fight,  but  unable  to  rally  his  troops,  he  fell  dead 
amidst  a  heap  of  enemies.1 

A  vine  trailing  on  the  ground.  Motto,  Juncta  quiescam,  "Joined, 
I  am  at  rest." 

Charles  or  Anjou,  King  of  Naples  (-(-1309).  Sawing  a  mountain. 
In  patientia  suavitas,  "  In  patience,  sweetness," — that  is,  by  patience 
and  gentleness  the  greatest  difficulties  may  be  overcome. 

Robert  the  Good,  King  of  Naples  (-(-1343),  knowing  that 
nothing  would  better  conciliate  the  populace  than  the  appearance  of 
equality,  caused  to  be  portrayed  in  his  apartment  the  swallow  feeding 


Fig.  142.— Robert,  King  of  Naples. 

its  young  (Fig.  142),  with  the  motto,  Concordia  regni,  "  The  concord 
of  the  reign,"  because  when  the  swallow  supplies  its  little  ones  with 
food,  it  never  gives  twice  to  one  in  preference  to  another. 

Pliny  says :  "  In  feeding  of  their  little  ones,  they  keepe  a  very 
good  order  and  even  hand,  giving  them  their  pittance  and  allowance 
by  course  one  after  another."  2 

Itipa  also  gives  as  an  emblem  of  equality  :  "  L'hirondelle  que  les 


Napier's  '  Florence.' 


■  Book  v.,  ch.  33. 


AND  WAE-CRIES.  201 

Egyptiens  ont  prise  pour  un  vray  pere  de  farnille,  qui  partage  egale- 
ment  son  bien  a  ses  enfans ;  a  l'imitation  de  cet  oiseau  charitable,  qui 
fait  egale  la  portion  de  ses  petits,  et  qui  n'oste  jamais  rien  a  l'une 
pour  le  donner  a  l'autre." 

The  Egyptians,  therefore,  considered  this  bird  as  the  symbol  of  a 
father  who  distributes  his  inheritance  equally  among  his  children ;  or 
of  a  prince,  who,  making  himself  equal  with  his  fellow-citizens,  seeks 
neither  pomp  nor  ambition.1 

Kobert  also  bore  for  device  a  serpent,  with  a  crown,  twisted  round 
a  sword.     Motto,  His  ducibus,  "  With  these  leaders." 

Louis  of  Tarento,  second  husband  of  Queen  Joanna,  instituted 
the  Order  of  the  Knot,  1252.  The  badge  of  silk,  gold,  and  pearls  was 
tied  in  a  knot  upon  the  arm,  and  those  who  were  invested  with  it 
made  a  vow  to  untie  it  at  Jerusalem. 

Charles  of  Durazzo  (4-  1386),  on  the  death  of  his  brother 
Louis,  caused  Queen  Joanna  to  be  strangled.  His  device  was  a 
bar  of  iron  beaten  by  hammers  on  an  anvil,  the  sparks  flying  in  all 
directions.  Motto,  Faites  tnoy  raison,  a  term  used  at  banquets.  The 
device  probably  alluded  to  the  name  Durazzo. 

Ladislaus  (-j-1414),  his  son.  With  the  object  of  conquering  the 
whole  of  Italy  and  attaining  the  empire,  took  as  his  motto,  Aut  Csesar, 
aut  nihil,  "  Or  Csesar,  or  nothing  "  (see  Borgia,  CiESAR),  with  the 
lofty  sounding  title  of  King  of  Eome,  which  neither  Goth,  Lombard, 
nor  Frank,  from  fear  of  the  Eastern  Empire,  had  ever  ventured  to 
assume.  By  the  people  he  was  called  in  derision,  "  Be  gnastagrano," 
because  he  ravaged  the  country  without  any  serious  attempt  to 
conquer  it.2 

Alfonso  I.  (Y.  of  Aragon,  see),  the  Wise  or  the  Magnanimous 
(-4-1458).  Adopted  by  Joanna  II.,  who  wavered  in  her  choice 
between  him  and  his  rival,  Bene  of  Anjou.  Alfonso  was  very 
studious;  he  always  carried  Caesar's  Commentaries  about  with  him, 
and  slept  with  books  under  his  pillow. 

He  had  for  device  an  open  book,  without  a  motto,  to  denote,  either 
that  the  perfection  of  the  human  intellect  is  a  knowledge  of  the  arts 
and  sciences,  or  that  it  is  the  duty  of  a  king  to  know  everything. 
Also,  a  ship  and  the  pole-star.     Motto,  Buena  guia,  "  A  good  guide." 

1  Ripa,  '  Iconologie  des  Chevaliers.'  Paris,  1681. 
2  Napier. 


202  HISTOKIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Ren£,  titular  King  of  Naples.     See  Anjou. 

Ferdinand  I.  (-j-1494),  illegitimate  son  of  Alfonso.  When  the 
Duke  of  Sessa,  who  had  joined  the  party  of  John  of  Anjou,  son  of 
Rene,  was  in  his  power,  Ferdinand  refused  to  put  him  to  death,  but 
condemned  him  to  imprisonment,  saying  that  he  would  not  imbue  his 
hands  in  the  blood  of  his  relatives.  He  then  toot  for  device  the 
ermiue,  surrounded  by  a  wall  of  mud,  with  the  motto,  Malo  mori 
quam  foedari,  "  Better  to  die  than  be  sullied."1 

"Whose  honour,  ermine-like,  can  never  suffer 
Spot,  or  black  soil." 

Beacmont  and  Fletcheu.     Knight  of  Malta. 

Alfonso  II.,  son  of  Ferdinand  I.,  resigned  1495  to  his  son 
Ferdinand  II.,  and  embarked  for  Sicily  to  a  villa  of  his  mother-in-law, 
the  Queen  Dowager  of  Naples,  and  sister  of  Ferdinand  of  Spain. 

The  day  of  the  battle  of  Campo  Morto,  near  Yelletri,  he  displayed 
upon  his  standard,  three  heavenly  diadems  united  together  with  the 
word,  Valer,  "  Yalour,"  to  signify  that  on  that  day  great  valour  would 
be  displayed.2 

After  the  death  of  Alfonso,  who,  from  the  wars  of  Charles  VIII., 
had  been  obliged  to  impose  grievous  taxes  upon  his  subjects  for  the 
defence  of  his  kingdom,  the  Neapolitans  set  up  for  device  a  broken 
lance,  with  the  motto  from  the  Psalms,  Laqueus  contritus  est,  et  nos 
liberati  sumus,  "  The  snare  is  broken,  and  we  are  delivered," — meaning 
that  by  the  death  of  Alfonso  they  were  freed  from  servitude. 

Ferdinand  II.,  his  son  (-fl496).  To  show  that  his  gene- 
rosity and  mercy  were  the  effects  of  his  naturally  good  disposi- 
tion, he  took  a  mountain  of  adamant,  of  which  all  the  points  are 
crystallized  or  formed  in  regular  facets  by  nature,  with  the  motto, 
NatursB  non  artibus  opus,  "  The  work  of  nature,  not  of  art." 

Frederic  (-f-1501).  Uncle  of  Ferdinand  II.  When  menaced 
by  Louis  XII.,  he  refused  to  buy  the  protection  of  Alexander  VI. 
by  marrying  his  daughter  to  Caesar  Borgia.  The  disgraceful  and 
treacherous  partition  of  his  dominions  by  France  and  Spain,  1501, 
left  him  without  a  kingdom.  Capua  was  taken,  and  Frederic  retired 
for  six  months  with  his  family  to  Ischia.     Louis  XII.  granted  him  a 

1  Alfonso  XI.,  King  of  Castile,  htid  the       Ferdinand  the  motto,  Pivhanda,  is  with 
same  device  and  motto.   In  a  MS.  book  of      the  ermine.     Also,  Nunquam,  "  Never." 
'-'  Ferdinand  IV.,  King  of  Castile,  had  the  same  device  and  motto. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  203 

pension,  with  the  title  of  Duke  of  Anjou,  and  Frederic  died  at  Tours, 
1504.  Two  years  after  the  partition,  Ferdinand  the  Catholic  made 
himself  master  of  the  whole. 

He  caused  to  be  struck  a  medal,  upon  which  was  represented  a  book 
in  flames,  lettered  MCCCCXCV,  and  surmounted  by  the  crown  of 
Naples  (Fig.  143),  with  the  motto,  Becedant  Vetera,  "  Let  old  things 
pass  away,  and  let  all  things  be  new  "  (et  nova  sint  omnia), — meaning 


Fig.  143. -Frederic,  King  of  Naples. 

either  that  he  intended  to  establish  a  better  order  of  things,  or  that  he 
generously  forgave  his  enemies  all  the  political  offences  of  the  year 
1495,  which  he  did,  inasmuch  as,  upon  his  accessioD,  he  did  not  punish 
those  among  his  nobles  who  had  espoused  the  Angevine  cause,  but 
restored  them  to  their  domains. 

Nassau,  Engelbert,  Count  of  (+1504),  was  made  prisoner  when 
fighting  by  the  side  of  Charles  the  Bold  at  Nancy,  and  he  afterwards 
proved  himself  the  faithful  adherent  to  his  daughter  Mary.  His 
motto,  Ce  sera  moy  Nassau,  was  also  borne  by  his  successor,  Henry, 
Count  of  Nassau  (+1538). 

Nassau,  William  of.     See  Orange. 

Nassau,  Maurice  of.     See  Orange. 

Nassau,  Philip  William  of,  Prince  of  Orange  (+1618).  His 
motto,  Sustinendo  -progredio,  "  In  sustaining  I  go  forward." 

Nassau,  John  Louis,  Count  of  (  +  1653).  Dulce  et  decorum  est 
pro  Christe  et  patria  mori,  "  Sweet  and  beautiful  it  is  to  die  for 
Christ  and  our  country." 


204  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Navarre,  Jeanne  de.     See  Jeanne. 

Navarre,  Arms  of.  The  chains1  which  form  the  arms  of  Navarre, 
are  said  to  he  derived  from  those  which  defended  the  camp  of  the 
Moorish  king  defeated  by  Sancho  of  Navarre ;  but  Menestrier2  shows 
that,  like  the  majority  of  the  ancient  coats,  it  is  simply  a  canting  one ; 
such  a  chain  being  called  in  Navarre,  una  varra,  and,  in  the  patois  of 
the  country,  the  u  being  dropped,  na  varra,  therefore  assimilating 
completely  with  the  name  of  the  kingdom.  The  oak  was  one  of  the 
badges  of  Navarre. 

Navarro,  Piero  di,  the  Vauban  of  his  age,  a  Biscayan  general. 
Having  learned  the  art  of  mining  from  the  Genoese,  and  improved 
upon  it  himself,  he  accompanied  Gonsalvo  of  Cordova  to  Naples,  was 
at  Cerignola,  and  made  his  first  successful  trial  at  the  siege  of  the 
Castel  dell'  Uovo.  Navarro  was  made  prisoner  at  the  battle  of 
Ravenna,  and  his  avaricious  sovereign,  Ferdinand  the  Catholic,  refused 
to  pay  his  ransom.  On  the  accession  of  Francis,  he  found  Navarro 
still  languishing  in  prison,  and  paid  his  ransom  (20,000  crowns  of 
gold)  ;  but  Navarro,  before  he  would  accept  the  bounty  of  the  king, 
again  addressed  himself  to  his  old  master,  even  now  entreating  him  to 
be  liberated  and  placed  in  his  former  employ.  On  the  relentless 
refusal  of  Ferdinand,  Navarro  transmitted  to  him  a  resignation  of  all 
the  grants  made  to  him  as  a  reward  for  his  services,  and  took  an 
oath  of  allegiance  to  the  French  monarch,  to  whom  his  talents  and 
experience  were  of  singular  service,  and  to  whom  he  ever  after  retained 
unshaken  fidelity.3 

Before  accepting  his  bounty,  Navarro  passed  into  the  service  of 
Francis  I. :  directs  the  passage  of  the  Alps,  is  at  Marignano  and 
Bicocca.  Was  taken  prisoner  at  Aversa ;  and  Charles  V.,  who  never 
forgave  desertion  to  the  enemy,  is  said  to  have  caused  him  to  be 
smothered  in  prison,  in  the  Castel  dell'  Uovo,  at  Naples,  1528.  No 
captain  of  his  age  so  well  understood  the  art  of  sieges  and  fortifications. 
He  and  Lautrec  are  both  buried  in  the  church  of  St.  Maria  Nuova,  at 
Naples. 

In  consequence  of  his  skill  in  mining,  by  which  he  blew  up  the 
Castel  dell'  Uovo  and  other  fortresses,  Giovio  gave  him  for  device 
a  pair  of  ostriches  with  their  eyes  fixed  upon  their  eggs,  it  being  said 

1  Gules,  a  cross  arid  saltire  of  chains,       and  sometimes  to  an  orle  (sometimes  to  a 
affixed  to  an  annulet  in  the  fess  point,       doule  orle). 

2  '  Origine  des  armoiries  et  du  Blazon.'  3  Roscoc,  '  Leo  X.' 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


205 


that  the  ostrich  never  hatches  her  eggs  by  sitting  upon  them,  but 
by  the  rays  of  light  and  warmth  from  her  eyes  (Fig  144).  Motto, 


Fig.  144. — Peter  of  Navarre. 

Ah  cdiis  virtute  valemus,  "  From  others  (from  other  sources)  we  prevail 

in  valour." 

"  With  such  a  look,  ns  fables  say, 
The  mother  ostrich  fixes  on  her  eggs, 
Till  that  intense  affection 

Kindle  its  light  of  life." 

Sotjthev,  Tlialaba. 

"  Virtu  diversa.  inusitata  c  nova 
Ilanna  da  gli  nltrui  Augei  vernceincntc 
GliStruzzi ;  clie  nun  mai  covano  1'  ova  : 
Ma  quelle  rimirando  fissnmente, 
Pur  clie  da  gli  occhi  lor  disconda  c  piova 
Csilor  si  vivo,  c  vigor  si  possento, 
Oh'  infonde  dentro  lor  spirito  c  possa, 
E  ne  nascon  gli  Augei  con  came  e  ossa." 

Dolce. 

Nerli,  Francesco,  Cardinal  (+  1670).  A  Florentine,  Latin 
secretary  to  Innocent  X.,  Alexander  VIII.,  and  Clement  IX.  A 
branch  of  coral1  rising  out  of  the  water,  which  plant  from  white,  its 

1  "  Sic  ct  coralium,  quo  primum  eontigit  auras 

Tempore,  durescit ;  mollis  fait  herba  sub  undis." 

Ovid. 
"  So  coral,  soft  and  while  in  ocean's  bed, 
Comes  harden'd  up  in  air,  and  glows  with  red.'' 

Dkydem's  Translation, 


20G 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


natural  colour,  becomes  red  when  exposed  to  the  rays  of  the  sun ; 
Motto,  A  cor  tie  leuconde  chr  ornate  erythror*  referring  probably  to  his 
being  raised  to  the  dignity  of  cardinal2  (Fig.  145). 


^'■%^MjCQN[)]7  CH^oM^ 


Fig.  145.— Cardinal  Nerli. 


Cardinal  Borghese  had  the  same  device,  with  the  motto,  Conspecta 
rubescunt,  "  When  seen,  they  grow  red."     See  also  Visconti,  Cardinal. 

Pliny  states :  "  Corall  resembleth  a  bush  or  shrub  in  forme, 
and  of  it  selfe  within  the  water,  is  of  colour  greene.  The  berries 
thereof  under  the  water  be  white  and  soft ;  no  sooner  be  they  taken 
forth,  but  presently  they  wax  hard,  and  turne  red :  much  like  bothe 
in  shape  and  in  bignesse  to  the  grains  or  fruit  of  the  gentle  garden 
corneil  tree." :i 

"  Ses  fruits  sont  sous  l'eau  blancs  et  tendi  es,  tirez  dehors  incon- 
tinent s'endurcissent,  et  deviennent  rouges,  de  sorte  que  de  figure  et 
de  grandeur  resemblent  aux  cornoilles  domestiques." 4 

Orange,  Rene  of  Chalons,  Prince  of  (-f-  1544).  Son  of  Henry, 
Count  of  Nassau,  and  nephew  by  his  mother  of  Philibert,  Prince  of 
Orange,  who  left  him  his  principality.  Killed  at  the  siege  of  Saint 
Dizier,  he  appointed  as  his  successor  William  of  Nassau,  his  cousin- 
german,  founder  of  the  Republic  of  the  United  Provinces.  Motto, 
Je  maintietidraij  Cltalon. 

At  the  battle  of  St.  Aubin  du  Cormier,  when  the  army  of  Francis, 
Duke  of  Brittany,  was  defeated,  all  who  wore  the  black  cross  of 
Brittany  were  executed  on  the  spot  by  the  conqueror.     The  Prince 


1  Not  translatable  as  it  stands.  Pro- 
bably it  means,  as  suggested  by  Maz/.u- 
chelli,  "  Originally  white — red  from  solar 
colour," — i.e.,  influence. 

-  This  device  is  on  the  reverse  of  two 


medals  engraved  in  the  Museum  Mazzu- 
chellianum,  T.  ii.,  tav.  exxii.,  Nos.  4,  5. 

3  Book  xxxii..  eh.  2. 

4  Mattliiole,  '  Commentairc  snr  Dios- 

coride.' 


AND  WAR-CEIES.  207 

of  Orange,  who  was  attempting  to  rally  the  fugitives,  finding  himself 
alone  in  a  wood,  tore  from  his  breast  the  black  cross  and  cast 
himself  upon  his  face  among  the  slaughtered  heaps  of  the  Germans 
whom  Maximilian  had  sent  to  the  aid  of  his  affianced  bride ;  but  he 
was  recognised  by  the  "  ecrevisse "  which  he  bore  as  his  badge,  and 
carried  off  prisoner. 

Orange,  House  or. — William  of  Nassau,  Prince  of  Orange. 
Elected  Stadtholder,  1579 ;  fell,  1584,  by  the  hand  of  the  assassin, 
Balthazar  Gerard.  One  of  the  noblest  characters  in  modern  history; 
to  him  the  republic  of  the  Seven  United  Provinces  owes  its  founda- 
tion. 

After  the  taking  of  Brill,  and  William's  subsequent  successes,  he 
caused  a  medal  to  be  struck,  1572,  bearing  on  the  reverse  a  poplar 
tree,  with  the  words  of  Turnus  from  the  '  iEneid,'  Audaces  fortuna 
juvat,  "  Fortune  favours  the  brave."  The  poplar  being  a  tree  that 
lives  best  in  marshes,  was  especially  appropriate  as  the  emblem  of 
Holland. 

Another  of  William's  mottoes  was,  Usque  quo  fortuna,  "  Thus  far 
fortune," — i.e.,  "  So  far,  whither  fortune  leads." 

He  also  bore  on  some  of  his  standards  the  pelican,  on  others  the 
motto,  Pro  lege,  grege,  et  rege,  "  For  the  law,  the  people,  and  the  king." 
As  says  the  poet  Burns — 

"  For  while  we  sing,  '  God  save  the  king,' 
We'll  ne'er  forget  the  people." 

The  same  motto  was  used  by  William's  son  and  successor,  Maurice 
of  Nassau,  the  defender  of  his  country  at 

"  Ostend's  bloody  siege,  that  stage  of  war, 
Wherein  the  flower  of  many  nations  acted, 
And  the  whole  Christian  world  spectators  were." 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Loves  Cure. 

But  to  whom  posterity  can  never  pardon  the  execution  of  the  aged 
Barneveldt,  or  the  persecution  of  the  followers  of  Arminius. 

William's  customary  device  was  a  kingfisher  building  its  nest  upon 
the  sea  (Fig.  146).  Motto,  Seevis  tranquillus  in  undis,  "  Tranquil  in 
boisterous  waves," — meaning  that  he  remained  as  serene  and  unruffled 
amidst  the  political  storms  that  surrounded  him  as  the  fabled  halcyon 
on  the  waters  of  the  ocean. 

The  kingfisher,  say  the  naturalists,  waits  for  those  days  in  the 


208 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


winter  solstice,  called  the  summer  of  St.  Martin,1  during  which  period 
the  ocean  is  perfectly  calm  to  build  her  nest. 


Fig.  14  6.— William  of  Orange.    From  a  medal. 

Dryden  thus  translates  Ovid's  description  of  Alcyone — 

"  Seven  days  sits  brooding  on  her  floating  nest ; 
A  wintry  queen ;  her  sire  at  length  is  kind, 
Calms  every  storm,  and  hushes  every  wind  ; 
Prepares  his  empire  for  his  daughters  ease, 
And  for  his  hatching  nephews  stills  the  seas." 

Dryden. 

And  again,  Drayton — 

"  The  halcyon,  whom  the  sea  obeys, 
When  she  her  neat  upon  the  water  lays." 

Noah's  Flood. 

Pliny  thus  describes  the  habits  of  the  kingfisher  : — "  They  lay  and 
set  about  midwinter,  when  daies  be  shortest,  and  the  time  whiles  they 
are  broodie  is  called  the  Halcyon  daies ;  for  during  that  season,  the 
sea  is  calm  and  navigable,  especially  in  the  coast  of  Sicilie.  In  other 
ports  also  the  sea  is  not  so  boisterous,  but  more  quiet  than  at  other 
times :  but  surely  the  Sicilian  sea  is  very  gentle,  both  in  the  straights 
and  also  in  the  open  ocean.  Now  about  seven  daies  before  midwinter, 
that  is  to  say,  in  the  beginning  of  December,  they  build  ;  and  within 
as  many  after,  they  have  hatched.    Their  nests  are  wonderously  made, 

1  The  Maid  of  Orleans  says  to  the  Dauphin  of  France,   when  foretelling  her 
successes : 

"  Expect  Saint  Martin's  summer,  halcyon  days. 
Since  I  have  entered  into  these  wars." 

King  Henry  VI.,  1st  Part,  Act  i.,  sc  2. 

That  is,  expect  prosperity  after  misfortune,  fair  weather  after  winter  has  begun. 


AND  WAE-CEIES.  209 

in  fashion  of  a  round  ball,  the  mouth  or  entrie  thereof  standeth  some- 
what out,  and  is  very  narrow,  much  like  great  spunges."1 

When  the  kingfisher  is  engaged  in  hatching  her  young,  the  sea  is 
believed  to  remain  so  calm  that  the  sailor  ventures  his  bark  upon  the 
main  with  the  happy  certainty  of  not  being  exposed  to  a  storm. 

"  As  calm  as  the  flood 
When  the  peace  loving  halcyon  deposits  her  brood." 

Cowper. 
"  Halcyons  of  all  the  birds  that  haunt  the  main, 
Most  loved  and  honour'd  by  the  Nereid  train." 

Theocritus,  Idyll  vii.     Fawke's  Translation. 

The  brothers  Sinibaldo  and  Ottoboni  Fieschi,  of  Genoa,  used  the 
device  of  two  kingfishers  sitting  on  their  nest,  with  the  motto,  Nous 
savons  hien  h  temps,  when  they  were  waiting  a  favourable  opportunity 
for  joining  the  party  of  the  Emperor  against  the  French. 

Other  mottoes  for  the  kingfisher :  Occasio  omnium  rerum  optima 
est,  "  Opportunity  is  the  best  of  all  things."  Sat  cito,  si  sat  tem.pestive, 
"  Soon  enough,  if  fitting  enough." 

On  the  mausoleum  of  William  of  Orange,  at  Delft,  are  his  various 
emblems,  the  kingfisher  with  its  motto.  Two  anchors,  with,  Je  main- 
tiendrey.  Scales  upon  an  altar,  motto,  Je  maintiendrey  piete  et  justice; 
and  an  open  Bible,  motto,  Te  vindice  tuta  Ubertas,  "  With  thee  guard- 
ing it,  liberty  is  safe." 

Each  of  these  emblems  is  placed  twice  round  the  monument. 

The  Gueux.  To  this  period  belongs  the  celebrated  confederacy 
of  the  Gueux,  who  assumed  the  well-known  device  of  the  beggar's 
wallet.  The  elegant  author  of  the  '  Life  of  Philip  II.'  thus  relates 
its  origin : 

"  At  one  of  the  banquets  given  at  Culemborg  House,  when  three  hundred  con- 
federates were  present,  Brederode  presided.  During  the  repast  he  related  to  some  of 
the  company,  who  had  arrived  on  the  day  after  the  petition  was  delivered,  the 
manner  in  which  it  had  been  received  by  the  duchess.  She  seemed  at  first  discon- 
certed, he  said,  by  the  number  of  the  confederates,  but  was  reassured  by  parliament, 
who  told  her  '  they  were  nothing  but  a  crowd  of  beggars.'  This  greatly  incensed 
some  of  the  company,  with  whom,  probably,  it  was  too  true  for  a  jest.  But  Brederode, 
taking  it  more  good-humouredly,  said  that  he  and  his  friends  had  no  objection  to  the 
name,  since  they  were  ready  at  any  time  to  become  beggars  for  the  service  of  their 
king  and  country.  This  sally  was  received  witli  great  applause  by  the  guests,  who,  as 
they  drank  to  one  another,  shouted  forth,  Yivent  les  Gueux,  '  Long  live  the  beggars.' 

"  Brederode,  finding  the  jest  took  so  well,  an  event,  indeed,  for  which  he  seems  to 


1  Book  x.,  eh.  32. 


210 


HISTOETC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


have  been  prepared,  left  the  room,  and  soon  returned  with  a  beggar's  wallet  and  a 
wooden  bowl,  such  as  was  used  by  the  mendicant  fraternity  in  the  Netherlands. 
Then  pledging  the  company  in  a  bumper  he  swore  to  devote  his  life  and  fortune  to 
the  cause.  The  wallet  and  bowl  weut  round  the  table ;  and,  as  each  of  the  merry 
guests  drank  in  turn  to  his  confederate,  the  shout  arose  of  Vivent  les  Gueux,  until  the 
ball  rang  with  the  mirtli  of  the  revellers.1 

"It  happened  that  at  the  time  the  Prince  of  Orange  and  the  Counts  Egmont  and 
Horn  were  passing  by  on  their  way  to  the  council.  Their  attention  was  attracted  by 
the  noise,  and  they  paused  a  moment,  when  William,  who  knew  the  temper  of  the 
jovial  party,  proposed  they  should  go  in,  and  endeavour  to  break  up  their  revels. 
'  We  may  have  some  business  of  the  council  to  transact  witli  these  men  this  evening,' 
he  said,  '  and  at  this  rate,  they  will  hardly  be  in  a  condition  fit  for  it.'  The  appear- 
ance of  the  three  nobles  gave  a  fresh  impulse  to  the  boisterous  movements  of  the 
company,  and  as  the  new  comers  pledged  their  friends  in  the  wine  cup,  it  was 
received  with  the  same  thundering  acclamations  of  Vivent  les  Gueux. 

"  This  incident,  of  so  little  importance  in  itself,  was  afterwards  made  of  consequence 
by  the  turn  that  was  given  to  it  in  the  prosecution  of  the  two  unfortunate  noblemen 
who  accompanied  the  Prince  of  Orange. 

"  It  (name  of  Gueux)  soon  was  understood  to  signify  those  who  were  opposed  to 
the  government,  and,  in  an  under  sense,  to  the  Roman  Catholic  religion.  In  every 
language  in  which  the  history  of  these  acts  has  been  recorded— the  Latin,  German, 
Spanish,  or  English— the  French  term  Gueux  is  ever  employed  to  designate  this  party 
of  malcontents  in  the  Netherlands. 


Fig.  147— Badge  of  the  Gueux. 


"  It  now  became  common  to  follow  out  the  original  idea  by  imitations  of  the 
different  articles  used  by  mendicants.  Staffs  were  procured,  after  the  fashion  of  those 
in  the  hands  of  the  pilgrims,  but  more  elaborately  carved ;  wooden  bowls,  spoons,  and 
knives  became  in  great  request,  though  richly  inlaid  with  silver,  according  to  the 
fancy  or  wealth  of  the  possessor. 

"  Medals,  resembling  those  stuck  by  the  beggars  in  their  bonnets,  wero  worn  as  a 


Each  threw  some  salt  into  his  goblet,  and  repeated  this  impromptu  distich 

'*  Par  le  set,  par  le  pain,  par  le  besaclie, 
Les  Gueux  ne  changeront  quoy  qu'on  s'y  fache." 

P.  Paten  (quoted  by  Motmet). 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  'ill 

badge;1  and  the  Gueux  penny," as  it  was  called — a  gold  or  silver  coin— was  hung 
from  the  neck,  bearing  on  one  side  the  effigy  of  Philip,  with  the  inscription,  Fideles 
au  roi,  and  on  the  other  two  hands  grasping  a  beggar's  wallet  (Fig.  147),  with  this  for 
the  legend.  Jusques  a  porter  la  besace,  'Faithful  to  the  king,  even  to  carrying  the 
wallet.'  Even  the  garments  of  the  mendicants  were  affected  by  the  confederates,  who 
used  them  as  a  substitute  for  their  family  liveries;  and  troops  of  their  relainers,  clad 
in  the  ash-grey  habiliments  of  the  begging  friars,  might  be  seen  in  the  streets  of 
Brussels  and  the  other  cities  of  the  Netherlands.'' 2 

The  arms  of  the  province  of  Zealand  are  a  lion  rising  out  of  the 
waves.  Motto,  Luctor  et  emergo,  "  I  struggle  and  hmf  above  water." 
When  Queen  Elizabeth  concluded  a  treaty  with  the  United  Provinces, 
they  added,  Author e  Deo,  favente  regina,  "  God  being  the  author, 
and  the  Queen  the  promoter ;"  i.e.,  By  the  mercy  of  God  and  the  favour 
of  the  Queen. 

Orange,  Frederick  Henry  of  Nassau,  Stadtholder  (-J-  1617). 
He  took  for  motto,  Patri  Patriseque,  "  To  his  father  and  his  country," 
to  show  that  he  devoted  himself  to  the  memory  of  the  one  and  to 
the  service  of  the  other. 

See  Spain,  Charles  V.,  note,  and  Marguerite  de  Yalois. 

Orange,  Maurice  of  Nassau,  Prince  of.  Immediately  after  his 
father's  death,  he  assumed  for  his  device  a  fallen  oak,  with  a  young 
sapling  springing  from  its  root.  His  motto,  Tandem  fit  sur cuius 
arbor,  "The  twig  shall  yet  become  a  tree."3 

Orange,  William  III.  (-(-1701).  On  his  being  made  Stadtholder* 
in  1672,  a  medal  was  struck,  having  on  the  reverse  Pallas  holding  a 
buckler  charged  with  a  poplar ;  on  her  left,  an  altar  on  which  a 
phoenix  is  consumed,  and  on  her  right,  an  orange  tree.  Nee  sorte,  nee 
fato,  "  Neither  by  lot  nor  by  fate,"  but  a  just  tribute  to  his  merit, 
which  wras  triumphant,  anci  owed  nothing  to  chance  or  destiny. 

Orleans,  Louis,  Duke  of,  see  Burgundy. 

Orleans,  Valentine,  Duchess  of.  See  Milan, Visconti, Valentine. 

Orsini  of  Rome.  Arms,  bendy  of  six  argent  and  gules.  On  a 
chief  argent  a  rose  gules.     Device,  a  bear  : 

"  L'  orsa  rabioso,  con  gli  orsaci  suoi." 

Petrarch. 

This  ancient  family,  always  in  perpetual  rivalry  and  discord  with 

1  No.   3451.     "A  small   oval   badge,       hands,  and  two  beggars' wallets,  with  the 
silver  gilt,  with  portrait  of  Philip  II.,  of       legend,   Jusques  a  poiier  la  Besace." — 
Spain,  and  the  legend,  En  tout  fiddles  au       Bevnal  Catalogue. 
Roy;    and  on   the   reverse,   two  united  -  Prescott's 'Philip  II.,' vol.  ii.,  11, 

3  Motley's  '  United  Netherlands.' 

P   2 


212  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

the  Colonna  and  Savelli,  with  whom  tbey  were  often  in  arms  in  the 
middle  of  the  city,  bore  for  device  a  bear,  from  whose  nostrils  issued 
the  smoke  of  their  breath,  with  the  motto,  Horrent  commota  moveri, 
"  The  moved  abhor  the  moving." 

But  when  the  Italian  families  began  to  form  themselves  into  fac- 
tious, so  that  in  the  time  of  the  Emperor  Frederic  II.,  the  Milanese 
were  divided  into  Visconti  and  Torriani ;  Genoa,  into  Adorni  and 
Fregosi ;  Florence,  into  Guelfs  and  Ghibelines ;  and  the  Eoman 
families,  into  the  Colonnese  and  Orsini ;  the  Orsini  took  for  device  the 


Fig.  148. — Devica  of  the  Orsini. 

bear  with  an  hour-glass  (Fig.  148),  and  the  motto,  Tem/pus  et  liora, 
"  Time  and  the  hour."  Some  attribute  this  device  to  the  Orsini  lords, 
when  they  separated  themselves  from  Caesar  Borgia. 

The  Cassarini  family  had  the  device  of  a  column  with  an  eagle, 
their  arms,  upon  the  top,  and  a  bear  chained  at  the  base,  upon  which 
was  made  the  distich  : 

"  Redde  aquilam  Imperio,  columnam  redde  Columnis, 
Ursiuio  tirsam,  sola  catena  tua  est." 

"  Restore  the  eagle  to  the  Emperor,  the  column  to  the  Colonnas, 
The  bear  to  the  Orsini — chains  are  yours  alone." 

Orsini,  Olympia.  A  flame  ascending,  Deorsum  nunquam,  "  Down- 
ward never." 

Claudia  Eangone  used  the  same  device  and  motto. 

Orsini,  Flavio  (•-(-  1698).     Cultivated   poetry,    oratory,  music, 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


213 


mathematics,  painting,  and  sculpture.     He  took  for   device   a  bear 
sucking  its  paws,  to  imply  that  he  fed  upon  the  resources  of  his  own 


Fig.  H9. — i'laviu  Orsini. 

mind,  as  the  bear  fattens  on  his  own  paws  (Fig.  149).     Motto,  Ipse 
alimenta  sibi,  "  Himself  his  own  nourishment." 

"  They  lye 
Just  like  a  brace  of  bear-whelps,  close  and  crafty, 
Sucking  their  fiDgers  for  their  food." 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Bonduca. 

He  also  took  the  Orsini  rose,  with  the  motto,  Suavis  et  aspera, 
"  Sweet  and  rough." 

Orsini,  Felice,  wife  of  Marcantonio  Colonna.  Her  device  was  the 
constellation  of  the  Little  Bear.  Motto,  Sine  occasu  felix,  "  Haj>py 
with  no  setting," — 'alluding  to  his  name  and  surname. 

A  house  on  fire,  Opes,  non  animam,1  "  Wealth,  not  soul."  That 
is,  the  fire  deprived  me  of  my  goods,  but  not  of  my  heart. 

Orsini,  Carlo.     See  Chabot. 

Orsini,  Virginio,  Prince  of  Bracciano  (-(--  1407),  was,  from  his 
riches,  the  number  of  his  followers,  and  his  noble  house,  one  of 
the  first  princes  of  Italy.  Grand  Constable  of  Naples,  and  general 
to   Ferdinand   and   Alfonso   II.,   with   the   Count  of  Pitigliano,  at 

1  "  Opes  fortuna  auferre,  non  auiinuni  potest." 

Seneca,  in  Medea. 


214  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Nola.1  He  afterwards  joined  Charles  VIII.  Was  made  prisoner  by 
Ferdinand,  with  the  Count  of  Pitigliano,  at  Nola,  and  confined  in  the 
Castel  dell'  Uovo,  where  he  died. 

When  Cardinal  Ascanio  Sforza  and  the  Colonna  lords  returned 
to  the  service  of  the  King  of  Naples,  first  Prostero  then  Fabrizio, 
Virginio  was  invited,  with  great  rewards,  to  join  them  ;  but  to  his 
own  dishonour,  and  to  the  diappointinent  of  the  Orsini  lords,  he  ac- 
cepted the  pay  of  Charles  VIII.,  saying,  in  reply  to  their  remonstrances, 
"  I  am  like  the  camel,2  which,  by  nature,  when  it  reaches  a  river, 
does  not  drink  the  water  until  by  putting  its  foot  into  it,  it  has  ren- 
dered it  muddy."  Hence  the  device  given  to  him  of  a  camel  stirring 
up  the  mud  in  a  stream  previous  to  drinking,  with  the  motto,  II  me 
plait  la  trouble,  "  I  delight  in  troubled  waters." 

On  his  shield,  Virginio  bore  the  house-leek.     Motto,  La  virtu  fa? 

As  a  member  of  the  Furfurario  Academy,  whose  emblem  was  a 
corn -mill,  he  took  a  sword  in  a  heap  of  bran,  with  the  motto,  A 
tempo.  As  the  sword  in  time  of  peace  is  laid  in  bran  to  keep  it  from 
rusting,  so  he  occupied  his  repose  from  war  in  literary  pursuits. 

Oesini,  Leone,  Bishop  of  Frejus.  The  burning  of  Hercules 
upon  Mount  (Eta,  Arso  il  mortale,  al  ciel  nandra  V  eterno.  See 
Academies,  Infiammati. 

Oesini,  Laelio.  Constellation  of  the  Little  Bear.  Motto,  Sicut  in 
coelis,  "  As  in  heaven," — implying,  that  as  the  Little  Bear4  never  hides 
itself  in  the  ocean,  so  he  on  earth  will  never  descend  to  any  low  action. 

"  Around  the  axle  of  the  sky, 
The  Bear,  revolving,  points  the  golden  eye  ; 
Still  shines  exalted  in  th'  ethereal  plain, 
Nor  hatl.es  his  blazing  forehead  in  the  main." 

Pope"s  Homer. 
"  The  Bears  that  dread  their  flaming  lights  to  lave, 
And  slowly  roll  above  the  ocean  wave." 

Dkyden,  Georgia  i. 

1  "  Oeluy     jour     mesme,    par    maniere  past  and  to  come ;  but  before  they  drinke, 

subtilte,  they  must  trample  with  their  feet  to  raise 

Fut  prins  a  Nosle  le  clomp  Seigneur  mud  and  sand,  and  so  trouble  the  water  ; 

Virgile  [Virginio  Orsino] ;  otherwise  they  take  no  pleasure  in  their 

Semblablement  le  comte  Petelinne     .  drinking."— Pliny,  book  viii.,  ch.  18. 

Qui   aux  Franc, oys  cuydoit   faire  de 

l'asne."  3  "  ^a  VIV^11  ^  sempre  vivo." 

Vebgieb  d'Honnetjr.  Petrarch. 

2  "  When  they  take  occasion  to  drinke  4  Polar  star,  which  never  sets.     Mas 

and  meet  with  water,  they  fill  their  skin  veianle   ningum,  "None   more  watchful 

full  enough  to  serve  both  for  the  time  than  he." 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  215 


o 


"  La  verso  il  freddo  plaustro  uu  lume  spleiide, 
Clie  non  mai  deutro  a  1'  oceau  s'asconde. 
A  lui  sempre  si  volge  a  lui  estende 
Pietra,  cui  sal  virtu  nature  inibnde. 
Lume  simile  il  mio  pensiero  accende, 
Che  mi  svia  ratto  col  suo  bello  altronde : 
Virtu,  clie  mai  non  cede  e  la  mia  scorta, 
Che  seco  al  ciel  per  dritta  via  mi  porta.'' 

C.  Camij.li. 

Orsini,  Nicolo,  Conte  di  Pitigliano  (-J-  1510).  One  of  the 
mercenaries  in  the  pay,  in  turn,  of  the  Pope,  the  French,  and  the 
Neapolitan  kings.  General,  with  Alviano,  of  the  Venetians  during  the 
League  of  Cambray,  he  showed  himself  to  be  as  cool  and  deliberate  as 
his  confederate  was  rash  and  imprudent.  He  took  for  device  an  iron 
dog  collar,  with  spikes  like  those  placed  round  the  necks  of  the 
shepherds'  mastiffs,  to  defend  them  from  the  bite  of  the  wolves. 
Motto,  Sauciat  et  defendit,  "  He  wounds  and  defends." 

Orsini,  Duke  of  Paliano.  An  owl,  with  the. motto,  Sortem  ne 
despice  fati,  "  Despise  not  the  lot  of  fate."1  The  owl  was  a  symbol 
of  death.  The  Ethiopians,  when  they  wished  to  pronounce  sentence 
of  death  upon  a  person,  carried  to  him  a  table,  upon  which  an  owl 
was  painted,  when  the  guilty  man  saw  the  notice,  he  was  expected 
to  destroy  himself  with  his  own  hand. 

Shakspeare  always  gives  the  owl  as  portending  death  : 

"  Out  on  ye  owls  !  nothing  but  songs  of  death. !" 

King  Richard  III.,  Activ.,  sc.  4. 

Macbeth  says : 

"  It  was  the  owl  that  shiiek'd,  that  fatal  bellman 
Which  giv'st  the  stern'st  good  night." 

Act  i.,  sc.  2. 

"  And  boding  scritch  owls  make  the  concert  full." 

Henry  VI.,  2nd  Part,  Act  iii ,  sc.  2. 

Pliny  says:  "The  scritch-owle  betokeneth  alwaies  some  heavie 
newes,  and  is  most  execrable  and  accursed,  and  namely  in  the  presages 
of  publicke  affaires.  He  keepeth  ever  in  the  deserts  ;  and  loveth  not 
onely  such  unpeopled  places  but  also  that  are  horrible  hard  of  accesse. 

1  The  crow  was  also  given  for  an  un-  and  are  full  of  chat,  which  most  men 

lucky  device  to  the  Duke  of  Paliano.  take  for  an  unluckie  signe  and  presage 

Pliny  says  :  "  These  birds,  crows  and  of  ill  fortune." — Book  x.,  ch.  12. 
rooks,  all  of  them  keep  much  prattling, 


216 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


In  summe,  he  is  the  verie  monster  of  the  night,  neither  crying,  nor 
singing  out  cleare,  but  uttering  a  certaine  heavie  grone  of  dolefull 
moning.  And,  therefore,  if  he  be  seene  either  within  citties  or  other- 
wise abroad  in  any  place  it  is  not  for  good,  but  prognosticated  some 
fearfull  misfortune."1 

Paladins  or  Charlemagne.     Their  imaginary  bearings,  as  given 
by  Paolo  Giovio,  are  as  follow  : 

Kinaldo 

Olivier  .... 

Astolfo  .... 

Ogier  the  Dane 

Solomon  de  Bretagne 

Ganes  .... 


Lion  fretty. 

Griffin. 

Leopard. 

Ladder. 

Checquers. 

Peregrine  falcon. 


Pallavicino,  Sfoeza.  A  weasel  eating  rue  before  it  fights 
against  a  serpent.  Motto  Cautius  pugnat,  "  He  fights  the  more 
carefully."  So  Pallavicino,  before  he  went  to  fight  against  the  Turks, 
provided  himself  with  good  armour  and  a  valiant  heart.  Also,  the 
hydra,  with  the  motto,  Utcunque,  "  In  whatever  way  soever," — 
however  he  might  fight,  he  would  come  out  victorious. 

Pescara,  Marquis  of.    See  Avalos,  Francesco. 

Perez,  Gonsalvo.  The  Minotaur  (Fig.  150)  in  the  labyrinth. 
In  silentio  et  spe,  "  In  silence  and  hope. 


"2 


Fig.  150.— Gonsalvo  Perez. 


Panvinio,  Onufrio,  of  Cremona.     A  bullock  standing  between  an 

1  Book  x.,  ch.  12.  "  In  quietness  and  in  confidence  shall  be 

'-'  In  silentio  et  spe  ait  fortitude  nostra,       your  strength."— Isaiah  xxx.  15. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  217 

altar  and  a  plough.  Motto,  In  utrumque  paratus,  "Prepared  for 
both."  x 

"  Whatever  sky's  above  me, 
H(  re's  a  heart  for  every  fate." 

Byron. 

Pasquier,  Etienne  (-f-1615),  the  formidable  adversary  of  the 
Jesuits.     Genio  et  ingenio,  "  By  talent  and  wit." 

Piccolomini  of  Siena.  The  arms  of  this  family  are  argent,  a 
cross  azure  charged  with  three  silver 
crescents,  from  whence  many  of  their 
devices  were  taken.  Nicolo  Piccolomini 
bore  a  crescent,  with  the  words,  Sine 
macula,  "Without  spot"  (Fig.  151); 
Ascanio,  with  the  motto,  Plena  luna 
proximo,,  "  The  full  moon  near  at  hand," 
in  expectation  of  being  raised  to  the  pon- 
tificate. Enea  Silvio  Piccolomini  (Pope  Fig.  i5i.-Nicoio  Piccolomini. 
Pius   II.),  and  his  nephew,   Francesco 

(subsequently  Pope  Pius  III.),  both  adopted  the  crescent,  with  the 
motto,  Ollm  plena,  "  Formerly  full."  Pius  II.  bad  also  a  hand  holding 
Aaron's  rod.  Motto,  Insperata  floruit,  "It  flowered  unhoped  for,"2 
alluded  to  his  unexpected  elevation. 

Pius  III.  likewise  bore  a  hand  holding  a  scourge  and  a  branch 
of  laurel,  with  the  motto,  Poena  et  premium,  "  Punishment  and 
reward." 

Piccolomini,  Duke  of  Amalfi,  having  been  made  by  his  brother- 
in-law,  the  Marchese  del  Vasto,  General  of  the  Light  Horse  during 
the  war  in  Piedmont,  took  for  device,  in  token  of  his  vigilance,  a 
crane  with  his  left  leg  raised,  and  a  pebble  in  its  claw — a  remedy 
against  sleep  (Fig.  152),  with  the  motto,  Officmm  natura  docet, 
"  Nature  teaches  its  office  "  (i  e.,  use).  Pliny  says  of  these  birds : 
"They  maintain  a  set  watch  all  the  night  long,  and  have  their 
sentinels.  These  stand  upon  one  foot,  and  hold  a  little  stone  within 
the  other,  which,  by  falling  from  it  if  they  should  chance  to  sleepe, 
might  awaken  them,  and  reprove  them  for  their  negligence.  "Whiles 
these  watch  all  the  rest  sleepe,  couching   their    heads   under  their 

1  '  JEneid,'  ii.  61.  buds,  and  bloomed  blossoms,  ar>d  yielded 

2  "Aaron's    rod  that   brought  forth       almonds." — Numbers  xvii.  8. 


218 


HISTOKIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


wings ;  and  one  while  they  rest  upon  the  one  foot,  and  otherwiles 
they  shift  to  the  other."1 


Fig.  152.— Duke  of  Amalfi. 

The  device  of  the  crane  has  been  used  with  other  mottoes 
implying  vigilance,  Non  dormit  qui  custodit,  "  He  that  is  keeper  is  no 
sleeper ;"  and  Amat  victoria  curam,  "  Victory  requires  caution ;"  Pour 
vaincre,  il fautveiller.  Also,  Nunquam  decidtt,  "He  will  never  fall;" 
JJt  alii  dormiant,  "That  others  may  sleep ;"  Una  omnibus,  "  One  for  all." 

Piccolomini,  Alessandro.  A  laurel  struck  in  a  clear  and  cloudless 
sky.     Motto,  «  gotto  la  ffi  del  oielj  e  v  aere  chiai.0 

Tempo  non  mi  parea  da  far  ripai'O." 

PiccoLOMiNr,  Ascanio,  Cardinal.  Two  buckets  in  a  well.  Altera 
levatur,  "  The  other  (or  second)  is  raised." 

Piccolomini,  Clemente.  The  herb  Lunaria  (Moon wort,  or 
Honesty)  and  the  moon.  Motto,  Tu  mihi  quodcuuque,  "  Thou  to 
me  whatsoever."  Probably  an  imjpresa  d'amore,  signifying  in  the 
concluding  lines  of  a  sonnet  by  Bembo, 

"  .     .     .     mi  giro 
Pur  sempre  a  voi  com'  eliotropio  al  sole.''2 

"  I  turn  always  to  thee,  as  the  heliotrope  to  the  sun." 

See,  also,  Hagenbach. 

1  Book  x.,  ch.  23.  The  Craustoun  (cranes- stone)  crest  is  a  crane  dormant,  holding  a 
stone  in  his  foot.  Border  motto,  Thou  shalt  want  ere  I  want. 

"  He  marked  the  crane  on  the  Baron's  crest." — Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrel. 

2  The  heliotrope  and  sun  motto,  Mens  eadem,  "  The  same  mind  "  (Ever  the  samej, 
of  Aurelio  Porcelaga,  conveys  the  same  moaning. 


AND  WAK-CEIES.  219 

Pietra,  Count  Clement,  being  in  love  with  a  lady,  whom  he 
was  obliged  to  leave,  he  bore  for  device  an  elephant,  who,  finding 
itself  pursued  by  the  hunters,  and  knowing  it  is  hunted  only  on 
account  of  its  teeth,  beats  them  against  a  tree  until  they  drop  off. 
The  motto  from  Petrarch,  Lasciai  di  me  la  miglior  'parte  a  dietro, 
"  I  left  the  best  part  of  myself  behind." 

"  When  they  chanced  to  be  environed  and  compassed  round  about 
with  hunters,  they  set  foremost  in  the  ranke  to  be  seene,  those  of  the 
hearde  that  have  the  least  teeth  ;  to  the  end  that  their  price  might  not 
be  thought  worth  the  hazard  and  venture  in  chase  for  them.  But 
afterwards,  when  they  see  the  hunters  eager  and  themselves  over- 
matched aud  wearie,  they  breake  them  with  running  against  the  hard 
trees,  and  leaving  them  behind,  escape  by  this  raunsome  as  it  were, 
out  of  their  hands."1 

In  love  with  a  lady  named  Laura,  he  took  the  crow  fighting  the 
chameleon,  which,  being  wounded  and  poisoned  by  its  enemy,  as  an 
antidote  takes  and  eats  the  fruit  of  the  laurel.  Motto,  Hinc  sola 
solus,  "  Hence  alone  safe,"  showing  that  Laura  was  the  only  cure  for 
his  wounds. 

"  The  raven,  when  he  hath  killed  the  chameleon  and  yet  perceiving 
that  he  is  hurt  and  poysoned  by  him,  flieth  for  remedie  to  the  laurele, 
and  with  itrepresseth  and  extinguished  the  venome  that  he  is  infected 
withall."2 

Pietra,  Count  Brunoro,  il  Vecchio.  An  old  stork  in  its  nest 
with  its  little  ones,  which  are  bringing  it  food.  Motto,  Antipelargiam 
serva,  "  I  reserve  (or  guard)  the  stork."  This  device  was  given  to 
him  by  Maximilian  Sforza,  who  had  been  much  assisted  by  Brunoro. 

"  The  indulgent  storke,  who  builds  her  nest  on  hye 
^Observ'd  for  her  alternat  pietie), 
Doth  cherish  her  unfeather'd  yong  and  feed  them, 
And  looks  from  them  the  like,  when  she  should  need  them, 
(That's  when  she  grows  decrepit,  old  and  weake). 
Nor  doth  her  pious  Issue  cov'nant  bieeke  ; 
For  unto  her  bee'ng  hungry,  food  she  brings, 
And  being  weake,  supports  her  on  her  wings." 

T.  Heywood,  Tlie  Hierachie  of  the  blessed  Angells. 

Lib.  8.  The  Arch  Angell— London,  1635. 


1  Pliny,  book  viii.,  ch.  3.  2  Book  viii.,  ch.  27. 


220  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

"  The  Stork's  an  ( rnblem  of  due  piety ; 
Because,  when  age  has  seized  and  made  his  dam 
Unfit  for  flight,  the  grateful  young  one  takes 
His  mother  on  his  back,  provides  her  food, 
Repaying  thus  her  tender  care  of  him, 
Ere  he  was  fit  to  fly." 

Beaumont. 

"  Of  this  kind  nature  they  are,  that  the  young  will  keepe  and  feed 
their  parents  when  they  be  old,  as  they  themselves  were  by  them 
nourished  in  the  beginning."1 

Being  captain  of  the  horse  in  Piedmont,  Brunoro  took  an  eagle 
flying  towards  the  sun,  and,  like  Icarus,  burning  its  wings.  Motto, 
Aude  aliquid  dignum,  "  Dare  something  worthy  of  you." 

"When  he  went  to  the  Siennese  war,  he  bore  on  his  flag  a  bird  called 
Seleucida,2  sent  by  Providence  to  the  inhabitants  of  Mount  Cassius  to 
destroy  the  locusts  which  devour  the  corn.  It  is  not  known  whence 
it  comes  or  where  it  goes  ;  but  when  locusts  appear  it  appears  also. 
His  motto  was  Loco  et  tempore,  "At  the  place  and  time,"  meaning, 
that  although  in  time  of  peace  he  was  moving  in  various  places,  yet, 
when  he  was  wanted,  he  was  ready  to  defend  his  lord  against 
his  enemies. 

Piscopia,  Elena  Lucrezia  Corraro  (-f  16S4).  Of  the  Corraro 
family  of  Venice.  This  illustrious  lady  received  the  doctor's  degree  in 
the  cathedral,  at  Padua.  She  understood  six  languages  besides  her 
own ;  sung  her  own  poetry,  discoursed  upon  philosophy,  mathematics, 
astronomy,  and  theology.  She  was  modest  as  she  was  wise.  She 
died  at  the  age  of  thirty-eight.  A  statue  of  her  is  in  the 
vestibule  of  the  university,  at  Padua.  She  always  wore  the  habit  of 
St.  Benedict. 

On  the  reverse  of  a  medal  struck  in  her  honour,  by  a  decree  of  the 
university,  is  an  open  shell  (Fig.  153),  receiving  the  drops  of  dew 
from  heaven,  which  form  into  pearls.  Motto,  Non  sine  foenore,  "  Not 
without  usury,"  pointing  out  that  the  principles  of  science  are  brought 

1  Pliny,  book  x.,  ch.  23.  the  people,  sendeth  these  foules  among 

2  "The  birds  called  Seleucides,  come  them  to  destroy  the  said  locusts.  But 
to  succour  tbe  inhabitants  of  the  moun-  from  whence  they  come,  or  whither  they 
taine  Casius  against  the  locusts.  For  goe  againe,  no  man  knoweth ;  for  never 
when  they  make  a  great  wast  in  are  they  seene  but  upon  this  occasion, 
their  corne  and  other  fruits,  Jupiter,  at  namely,  when  there  is  such  need  of 
the  instant  praiers  and  supplications  of  their  help." — Pliny,  book  x.,  ch.  27. 


AND  WAK-CRIES.  221 

to  perfection  and  maturity  in  the  breasts  of  learned  men.1     Another 
motto  for  the  same  device,  Bore  divino,  "  By  the  divine  dew." 

Of  the  pearl,  Pliny  says :  "  Pearles,  better  or  worse,  great  or  small, 
according  to  the  qualitie  and  quantitie  of  the  dew  which  they  received. 
For  if  the  dew  were  pure  and  cleare  which  went  into  them,  then  are 
the  perles  white,  fair  and  orient ;  if  grosse  and  troubled,  the  perles 


Fig.  153. — Elena  Piscopia. 

likewise  are  dimme,  foule  and  duskish  .  .  .  Whereby  no  doubt  it 
is  apparent  and  plaine  that  they  participate  more  of  the  aire  and  skie, 
than  of  the  water  and  the  sea ;  for  according  as  the  morning  is  faire, 
so  are  they  cleare,  otherwise,  if  it  were  mistie  and  cloudie,  they  also 
will  be  thick  and  muddie  in  colour."2 

Pitti,  Luca,  the  celebrated  rival  of  the  elder  Cosmo  de'  Medici, 
placed  over  his  palace  the  device  of  a  piece  of  artillery,  which,  by  the 
force  of  powder  and  fire,  drives  out  a  ball  (palla),  implying  that  he 
would  have  driven  the  Medici  out  of  Florence. 

Popes,  the  date  is  that  of  their  accession. 

Martin  IV.,  Pope,  1281.  Simon  de  Biie.  Portio  mea  sit  in 
terra  viventium,  "  Let  my  portion  be  in  the  land  of  the  living." 

Boniface  IX.,  Pietro  Tomacella  (Naples),  1389.  A  serpent  in  a  fire 
looking  up  to  a  star.     Quis  separabit  ?  "  Who  shall  separate  them  ?" 

Innocent  VII.,  Cosmato  Miliorato,  1404.  A  rock  in  the  midst 
of  the  sea,  crowned  with   the   papal   tiara  and   assailed  by  winds. 

1  Museum  Muz.  3  Buuk  ix.,  ch.  35. 


222  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

In  sternum  non  commovebitur,  '•  Shall  not  be  moved  (disturbed)  in 
eternity." 

Gregory  XII.,  Angelo  Corraro  (Venice),  1406.  A  serpent  round 
an  obelisk.     Prudentia  in  adversis,  "  Prudence  in  adversity." 

Eugenius  IV.,  Gabriello  Conclulniiero  (Venice),  3431.  A  hand 
issuing  from  a  cloud  holding  scales.  Redde  cuiqui  simm,  "  Bender 
each  his  own." 

Felix  V.,  Antipope.     See  Savoy,  Amadeus  VIII. 

Pius  II.    See  Piccolomini. 

Innocent  VIII.     See  Cybo,  Giov.  Batt. 

Pius  III.     See  Piccolomini,  Francesco. 

Julius  II.,  Giuliano  della  Bovere  (Savona)  1503.  A  castle  upon 
a  rock,  over  which  the  moon  is  shining  and  dispelling  the  clouds. 
Post  tenehras  lucem,  "  After  darkness,  light." 

Leo  X.     See  Medici,  Giovanni  de'. 

Adrian  VI.  1522.  A  pyramid  in  the  progress  of  building.  Ut 
ipse  jiniam,  "  That  I  myself  may  finish  it."  The  pyramid,  as  one  of 
the  most  wondrous  of  the  works  of  man,  is  a  symbol  of  glory,  there- 
fore Pope  Adrian  hopes  that  by  his  labours  the  glory  and  power  of  the 
Church  may  attain  its  greatest  height. 

Clement  VII.     See  Medici,  Giulio  de'. 

Paul  III.     See  Farnese,  Alessandro. 

Marcellus  II.,  Cervino  de  Montepulciano,  1555.  A  smoking  altar, 
above  a  star,  Nostra  latens. 

Paul  IV.    See  Carafa,  Gio.  Antonio. 

Pius  V.     See  Accolti. 

Gregory  XIII.     See  Boncompagno. 

Sixtus  V.,  Fra.  Felice  Peretto  da  Montalto  (Ancona),  1585.  A 
lion,  seated  upon  a  square  plinth,  with  a  star,  and  his  hand  upon  the 
three  hills.  Vigilat  sacri  thesauri  custos,  "  The  guardian  of  the 
sacred  treasure  is  wakeful." 

Paul  V.,  Camillo  Borghese,  1605.     See  Accolti,  foot  note. 

Urban  VIII.     See  Barberini,  Maffho. 

Clement  IX.,  Giuho  Ptospigliosi,  1667,-  died  of  grief  at  the 
taking  of  Candia  by  the  Turks.  Device,  a  reed,  Resurgam,  "  I  shall 
rise  again."  A  pelican  in  its  piety;  motto,  Aliis  non  sibi  clemens, 
"  Tender-hearted  to  others,  not  himself."  The  heavens  studded  with 
stars,  Velociter  ut  prosit,  "  In  speed  that  he  may  succeed."  Aswan, 
Cum  candore  canore,  "  Melody  with  whiteness  (purity)." 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  223 

Pope  Clement  was  very  charitable,  and  caused  twelve  beggars  to 
eat  every  day  at  his  table.  He  also  encouraged  the  arts — Bernini, 
Claude  Lorraine,  Pietro  da  Cortona  were  patronised  by  him. 

Innocent  XL,  1676.  A  lion  alone  in  a  field,  Cum  grege  non 
graditur,  "  He  does  not  walk  with  the  herd." 

Porta,  Giambattista.  See  Academies,  Lincei  (-f-1615).  A 
butterfly  breaking  through  its  chrysalis,1  Et  feci  et  fregi,  "  I  have 
both  made  and  broken."  Porta  would  never  marry  lest  it  should 
weaken  the  affection  of  his  brother,  with  whom  he  lived.  Their  house 
was  called  "  Villa  di  duo  Porta." 

Porto,  Cte.  Francesco.  Drops  of  water  falling  upon  a  stone, 
from  the  saying,  Guita  cavat  lapidem,  "A  drop  hollows  the  stone." 
Motto,  Hinc  spes,  "  Hence  our  hope." 

"  And  waste  huge  stones  with  little  water  drops." 

Shakspeaee. 

On  a  panel  in  Pengersick  Castle,  Cornwall,  is  inscribed  under  a 
painting  representing  water  dropping  from  a  rook — 

"  What  thing  is  harder  than  a  rock  ? 
What  softer  is  than  water  clear  ? 
Yet  will  the  same  with  often  drop 

The  hard  rock  pierce,  which  doth  appear  ; 
Even  so,  there  nothing  is  so  hard  to  attayne, 
But  may  be  had  with  labour  and  pnin."2 

"  Much  rain  wears  the  marble." 

Shaksi'eare,  Henry  VI.,  3rd  Part,  Act.  3,  sc.  2. 

"  The  drop  doth  pierce  the  stone  by  falling  long  and  fast, 
So  by  enduring  long,  long  sought  for  love  is  found." 

Whitney. 

Portugal,  Kings  of. — Emanuel  (1495  -f- 1521),  "the  Great,  or 
the  Fortunate."  The  great  promoter  of  geographical  discovery ;  under 
his  reign,  Yasco  de  Gama  first  doubled  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  (1497), 
and  reached  the  Malabar  Coast.  Cabral  sailed  to  Bengal  (1500),  and 
secured  this  rich  possession  to  Portugal ;  Almeyde,3  Albuquerque,4  and 
Correa,5  made  conquests  and  establishmenis  in  the  East,  and  to  this 

1  Ecce  novas  omnia,  "Behold  all  things  are  become  new.'' — 2  Cor.  v.  17. 
2  "Quid  magis   est  durum   saxo  quid?  3  Sent  viceroy  to  the  Indies,  1506. 

molliusunda?  4  Took   the   island    of  Ormus,    1507; 

Dura    tamen    molli    aaxa    cavantur       Goa,  1511. 

aqua." — Ovid.  5  Overran  the  kingdom  of  Pegu. 


224 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


rapid  increase  of  the  prosperity  and  power  of  Portugal,  Emanuel  has 
justly  deserved  the  epithet  of  the  Great. 

His  device  was  a  terrestial  globe,  with  the  motto,  Primus  circum- 
dedistime,  "  Thou  hast  first  encompassed  me  "  (Fig.  1 54). 


Fig.  154. — Emanuel,  King  of  Portugal. 

Alfonso  III.  (-f-  1248).  An  oak  beaten  by  the  winds  and  the 
waves,  Ni  undas  ni  vientos,  "  Neither  waters  nor  winds." 

Alfonso  IV.  (-J-  1325).  A  ship  in  full  sail,  Velum  ventis,  "  The 
sail  to  the  winds." 

Peter  (+  1357).  The  star  of  the  Magi,  Monstrat  iter,  "It 
shows  the  ways." 

John  (-j-  1384),  married  Philippa,  daughter  of  John  of  Gaunt.  A 
sword  cleaving  a  rock,  Acuit  ut  penelrat,  "  It  sharpens  that  it  may 
penetrate." 

Edward  (-f-  1438).  A  serpent  round  a  lance,  Loco  et  tempore, 
"  In  place  and  time." 

Henry  II.  A  dolphin  and  ship,  Tiler  et  tuber,"  Fruitful  and 
free." 

Kangone,  Claudio,  of  Modena,  Count  of  Castelvetro  (-)-  1537). 
Two  Metae  (see  Urbino)  over  one,  Nee  extra,  "  Neither  on  this  side ;" 
over  the  other,  Nee  ultra,  "  Nor  beyond."  Ne  pit  in  qua,  ne  phi 
in  la,  "  The  happy  medium."     See,  also,  Orsini,  Olympia. 

Begio,  Paolo,  Bishop  of  Vico  Equense.     Two  bears  playing  in 

1  For  dedestime,  read  dedistime. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  225 

rain.  Motto,  Serendbit,  "  It  will  clear  up."  As  it  is  the  nature  of 
these  animals  to  play  when  it  rains,  looking  for  fine  weather,  so  he  in 
the  troublous  times  in  which  he  lived,  looked  to  heaven  for  sunshine 
and  tranquillity. 

Rhine,  Counts  Palatine  of  the. 

Frederick  IT.  (The  Wise).  (-(-1556.)  Non  mihi  Domine,  sed 
nomini  tuo  da  gloriam,  "  Not  to  me,  Lord,  but  to  Thy  name  give 
the  praise." 

Also,  on  a  medal,  a  balance  suspended  from  the  clouds,  above  the 
earth.  Qui  judicaiis  terrain,  diligite  justitiam,  "  Ye  who  judge  the 
earth,  delight  in  justice." 

Wolfgang,  William  (-f  1653).  In  Deo  mea  consolatio,  "My 
consolation  is  in  God." 

Eiario,  Eaffaelle,  Cardinal  San  Giorgio  (-f- 1521).  Great 
nephew  of  Sixtus  IV.,  under  whose  directions  he  acted  a  prominent 
part  in  the  conspiracy  of  the  Pazzi.1  He  aspired  to  the  papacy,  but 
the  election  of  Leo  X.  put  an  end  to  his  ambitious  hopes,  and  being 
implicated  in  the  conspiracy  of  Cardinal  Alfonso  Petrucci  against 
that  pope,  he  wTas  degraded,  but  afterwards  pardoned,  and  retired  to 
Naples  till  his  death.  His  magnificent  palace,  built  by  Bramante,  is 
one  of  the  finest  monuments  of  the  renaissance  at  Eome.2 

His  device  was  the  helm  and  the  globe.  Motto,  Hoc  ojms,  "  This 
(is  my)  work ;"  meaning,  that  in  order  to  execute  his  great  designs,  he 
should  have  been  invested  with  the  government  of  the  world;  i.e., 
should  have  been  made  pope.  This  device  he  placed  in  every  part  of 
his  palace  at  Eome. 

Eichelieu,  Armand  Jean  Duplessis,  Cardinal,  Due  de  (-|-  1642). 
His  device,  the  prow  of  a  galley  (Fig.  155)  may  still  be  seen  forming 
part  of  the  architectural  decoration  of  his  palace,3  with  the  two 
anchors  of  the  admiralty  underneath.  This  device  was  the  subject  of 
an  epigram  of  the  time : 

"  Navire  do  crains  pas,  ton  pilot  est  un  Dieu 
Jamais  ton  Anchre  n'estoit  en  si  Richelieu." 


'  See  Roscoe's  'Leo  X.,'  iii.,  163. 

2  Letarouilly,  '  Edifices  de  Eome  modeme,'  1840-53. 

3  "  L'univers  entier  ne  peut  rien  voir  d'egal, 

Aux  snperbes  dehors  clu  Palais  Cardinal." 

Corneille,  Le  Menteur. 

Q 


2l26 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


He  took  also  an  eagle  in  the  air,  with  two  serpents  rearing  them- 
selves. Motto,  Non  deseret  alia,  "  He  will  not  desert  the  heights ;" 
i.e.,  he  will  not  condescend  to  lower  himself  to  them. 


Fig.  155. — Cardinal  Richelieu.    From  the  Galevie  d'Orleans,  Palais  Royal. 

Richelieu  also  took  the  carpenter's  level,  the  Greek  A,  or  chevron 
(Fig.  156).  Motto,  Firmatque,  regitque,  "  He  strengthens  and 
rules,"  as  his  successor,  Cardinal  Mazarin,  adopted  the  bricklayer's 
plumb  l  (Fig.  157). 


I 


Fig.  156. — Cardinal  Richelieu. 


Fig.  157. — Cardinal  Mazarin. 


Of  Armandus   Richelieu   was    made    the    anagram,    Hercules 
admirandus.     See  Este,  Luigi. 

1  Antonio   Abonrlanti   hsd  a    pair    of  (Euclid's  first  problem).  Motto,  Mquatis 

compasses  describing  a  circle,  Dirigor  et  undique,  "  Equal  every  way."    Plantin, 

dirigo,    "lam  directed,   and   I   direct."  the  printer  of  Antwerp,  had  a  pair  of  eom- 

Another    took    an    equilateral    triangle  passes.     Motto,  Lahore  et  constantia. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  227 

Eichelieu,  Louis  Francois  Armand  Duplessis  de,  Marshal ! 
(-j-1788).  A  rocket,2  Ardo  para  subir.  "I  burn  to  rise;"  or,  Aut 
siclera  cursum,  "  My  course  is  towards  the  stars." 

The  rocket  bursting  into  stars ;  motto  from  Virgil,  Arclens  e  vexit 
ad  sethera  virtus,  "  Burning  courage  has  carried  her  to  the  stars," 
was  taken  by  Christine,  Duchess  of  Savoy,  and  was  placed  over  the 
"  her.-e  "  of  her  sister,  Henrietta  Maria  of  England. 

Eobertot,  Florimond,  Secretary  of  State  to  Francis  I.,  and 
subsequently  "  intendant  des  finances  "  to  Francis  II.  Francis  I.  once 
complaining  to  him,  "  Que  toutes  plumes  le  volaient,"  Eobertot  replied, 
"  Forgs  ugne,  Sire  "  (except  one),  and  these  words  were  placed  as  his 
motto  round  his  escutcheon. 

Eohan.  One  of  the  most  illustrious  families  of  Brittany.  Their 
motto  is,  Roije  ne  jieux,  due  je  ne  veux,  Rohan  je  suis. 

Eohan,  Guemene,  Princess  Anne  de.  Spes  durat  avorum,  "  The 
hope  of  my  ancestors  remains." 

Eonsard,  Pierre  de  (-(-1585).  The  favourite  court  poet  of  the 
kings  of  France  from  Francis  I.  to  Charles  IX.,  who  never  travelled 
without  him.     His  poems  were  the  consolation  of  Mary  Stuart. 

Charles  IX.  writes  to  his  friend : 

"  II  faut  suivre  son  roi  qui  t'aime  par  sus  tous."' 

In  one  of  his  epistles,  the  king  writes  : 

'*  L'art  de  faire  des  vers,  dut-on  s'en  indigner, 
Doit  etre  a  plus  haut  prix  que  celui  de  regner. 
Tous  deux  egaleinent  nous  portons  des  couronnes ; 
Mais,  roi  je  les  regois,  poete  tu  les  donnes  .... 
Ta  lyre  qui  ravit  par  de  si  doux  accords, 
T'  assuroit  les  esprits,  dont  je  n'ai  que  les  corps ; 
Elle  t'en  rend  le  maitre,  et  te  sait  introduire, 
Oh  le  plus  fier  iyran  ne  peut  avoir  d' empire." 

When  Eonsard  was  crowned  at  the  Jeux  floraux,  the  judges,  instead 
of  the  customary  prize  of  the  eglantine,  assigned  him  a  Minerva  of 

1  He  was  much  addicted  to  the  use  of  raised;"  Bumpor  in  alto,  "  I  am  broken 
perfumes.     Voltaire  writes —  on  high." 

"  Un  gigot  tout  a  lait,  un  seigneur  tout  a  l'ambre,  Trje  rocket  which  rises  to  the  greatest 

A  souper  vous  sont  destines:  height  its  power  will  admit,  and  then 

On    doit,    quand    Ricbelieu     parait     dans    une  .         .  .  ;,,  .,  ,      , 

chambie,  bursts  and  ialls  to  the  ground  whence  it 

Biemlefendre  son  cceur.etbienboucber  son  nez."  rosej  js  an  image  of  the  proud  man,  who, 

2  Other  mottoes  for  the  rocket :  Bum  inflated  by  imaginary  glory,  thinks  him- 
nrdeo,  extollor,  "  When-  I  bum,  I  am  self  above  his  fellows,  until  he  meets 
raised  up  ;"  Poco  duri  pur  die  m'  inahi,  with  a  sudden  fall,  which  humbles  him 
"I   last  for  a  short   time   when   I   am  to  the  dust."— Georgette  Monten at. 

Q   2 


228 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES. 


massive  silver,  and  proclaimed  him  par  excellence  the  "  Poete  francais." 
His  motto  was  a  hemistich  of  Theocritus — w?  ?8ov  a>9  e/u,dvr}v,  "  Thus 
I  saw — thus  I  learnt." 

Saint- Andre,  Jacq.  d'Albon,  Marechal  de.  See  Spain,  Ferdinand. 

Sajnt-Luc,  Francis  d'Espinay  de  (-{-1599).  Arranged  with  his 
brother-in-law,  Brissac,  the  surrender  of  Paris  to  Henry  IV.,  who 
called  him  the  "  brave  St.  Luc."   He  was  killed  at  the  siege  of  Amiens. 

When  made,  by  Henry,  Grand  Master  of  the  Artillery,  he  took  as 
his  device  a  thunderbolt  among  the  clouds,  with  the  motto,  Quo  jussa 
Jovis,  "  Whither  the  commands  of  Jupiter  (lead),"  to  show  his  readiness 
to  execute  the  commands  of  his  master, — a  device  so  suitable  to  the 
office,  that  it  was  retained  by  Sully,  his  successor. 

Saint- Valier,  Jean  de  Poitiers,  Seigneur  de.  Captain  of  the 
archers  of  the  guard  to  Francis  I.  Was  at  the  battle  of  Marignano. 
Afterwards,  having  lent  himself  to  the   intrigues  of  the  Constable 


Fig.  158.— Saint- Valier. 

Bourbon,  he  was  condemned  to  death  as  an  accomplice,  and  pardoned 
upon  the  scaffold  at  the  entreaties  of  his  daughter,  Diane  de  Poitiers. 
He  bore  as  device  up      1 :     n signs  at  Marignano  a  burning  torch 
reversed,  extinguished  b\  .aing  wax  (Fig.  158),  with  the  motto, 

Qui  me  alit,  me   extinguit,  "  Who  feeds  me,  extinguishes  me,"  in 
imitation  of  the  "  Nutrisco  et  extinguo  "  of  his  master.1 

1  This  is  the  device  of  the  fourth  knight  in  '  Pericles.'     (See  France,  Francis  II.) 
Simonides.  What  is  the  fourth  ? 
Thaisa.  A  burning  torch,  that's  turned  upside  down  ; 
The  word,  "  Quod  me  alit  me  extinguit." 

Sim.  Which  shows,  that  beauty  hath  his  power  and  will, 
Which  can  as  well  inflame,  as  it  can  kill.  Pericles,  Act  ii.,  so.  2. 


AND  WAR  CRIES.  229 

This  he  bore  in  honour  of  his  wife.  After  his  accusation  he  took 
as  motto,  A  tort  et  a  grand  tort.1 

Salimbeni,  Ascanio.     See  Isolani. 

Sanazzaro,  Jacopo  (-j-1530).  The  name  of  the  family  is  derived 
from  San-Nazaro,  a  chateau  between  the  Po  and  Ticino,  not  far  from 
Padua,  where  they  first  settled  in  Italy  from  Spain.  Sanazzaro  was 
the  poet  and  faithful  friend  of  Frederic,  who  gave  him  the  Villa  Mer- 
zellina,  an  ancient  residence  of  the  Angevine  princes.  He  followed 
Frederic  into  exile,  and  was  at  Tours  at  his  death.  He  was  buried  at 
Mergaglino,  and  a  superb  monument  raised  to  his  memory,  with  a 
Latin  epitaph  by  Bembo : 

"  Fresh  flow'refs  strew,  for  Sannzzar  lies  here, 
In  genius,  as  in  place,  to  Virgil  near.' 

"  Jacobo  Sannazar,  eh'  alle  camene 
Lasciar  fa  1  monti,  cd  abitar  1'  arene." 

Amosto,  Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  xlvi.  17. 

"  Great  Sannazaro,  who  the  Muses'  train, 
From  mountains  hd  to  dwell  beside  the  main." 

Hoole's  Translation. 

When  attached  to  a  lady,  he  took  for  device  a  balloting  urn  filled 
with  black  pebbles  and  one  white  one.  Motto,  Mquahit  nigras  Can- 
dida sola  dies,  "One  white  day  shall  be  a  match  for  all  the  black;" 
meaning  that  the  day  he  should  be  deemed  worthy  of  her  affections 
would  counterbalance  all  the  days  of  black  despair  he  had  endured. 
See  Aragon,  Cardinal  of. 

San  Giorgio,  Cardinal.     See  Riario. 

Sanseverino,  Giovan  Francesco,  Conte  di  Galiazzo,  who  left  the 
service  of  Ludovic  Sforza  and  entered  that  of  the  French,  at  the 
expense  rather  of  his  honour,  bore  embroidered  upon  the  casaques  of 
his  hundred  lances  a  shoeing  box,  in  which  blacksmiths  place  restive 
horses  to  be  shod.     Motto,  Pour  dompter  follie. 

Savoy. — Humbert  I.,  "auxBlane^  "~"~  ^',"  Count  of  Maurienne, 
founder  of  the  House  of  Savoy  (lived  ci?  .').    Jussa  Domini  Dei, 

"  The  commands  of  the  Lord  God." 

Amadeus  I.,  "  Long-tail,"  his  son  (circ.  1048),  Count  of  Mauri- 
enne, a  title  given  him  when  he  followed  the  Emperor  Henry  HI.  to 
Verona  with  a  magnificent  suite.  He  took  the  j>eacock,  with  .the 
motto,  Est  mild  cauda  decus,  "  My  tail  is  my  glory." 

1  De  Coste,  '  Daufius  de  France.' 


'230 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


Thomas,  Count  of  Savoy  ( -J- 1233).  The  ordinary  device  of  the 
house,  the  Savoy  or  true  lover's  knot  (Fig.  159).  Motto,  Stringe  ma 
non  constringe,  "  It  binds  but  not  constrains." 


Fig.  159. — The  Savoy  Knot. 

Amadeus  IV.,  Count  of  Savoy,  The  Great  (-j-1323).  Famous  for 
his  defence  of  Rhodes,  1315,  then  besieged  by  the  Turks;  and  to  this 
expedition  historians  attributed  the  origin1  of  the  motto  of  Savoy, 
F.  E.  E.  T.,  which  they  render,  Fortitudo  ejus  Rhodium  tenuit,  "  His 
courage  held  Rhodes." 2 

Amadeus  V.  or  VI.,  Count  of  Savoy,  the  "  Comte  Vert "  (-j-1383). 
So  called  because  on  his  return  after  his  successful  expedition  to 
Piedmont  he  gave  a  tournament  at  Chambery,  at  which  he  appeared 
clad  in  green  armour,  the  caparisons  of  his  horse  of  the  same  colour, 
and  his  squire  in  green  livery.  In  1362  he  instituted  the  Order  of 
the  Collar,  or  Knot,  in  honour  of  the  fifteen  mysteries  of  the  Rosary, 
afterwards  styled  that  of  the  Annunciation. 

The  device  is  given  to  the  Comte  Vert  of  money  tried  by  the 
Lydian,  or  Touchstone.     Motto,  De  mi  color  mi  valor.3 

Amadeus  VIII.  (-f-  1451).  Made  Duke  of  Savoy  by  the 
Emperor  Wenceslaus,  1416;  abdicated,  and  retired  from  the  world  to 
Ripaille,  upon  the  borders  of  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  with  six  of  his 


1  With  respect  to  the  F.  E.  E.  T.,  ori- 
ginating with  Amadeus  the  Great,  Ash- 
mole  says  it  was  long  before  the  device  of 
the  house  of  Savoy,  as  is  manifest  from 
the  coins  of  Louis  de  Savoy,  baron  de 
Vaud  (+  1301), — from  the  monument  of 
Thomas  de  Savoy  (+  1233),  whereon  is 
lying  at  his  feet  a  dog  with  a  collar  about 
its  neck  inscribed  Fert,  as  an  integral 
word,  —  and   from   a   brass  coin  of   the 


said  earl,  on  the  reverse  whereof  are  the 
knots  of  the  model  spoken  of  before,  and 
the  word/eW.  in  the  midst.  There  is  also 
the  silver  coin  of  Peter  of  Savoy  (who 
erected  the  Savoy  in  the  Strand,  temp. 
Henry  III.),  where  is  represented  the 
device  in  Gothic  characters. 

2  Favine  renders    it,    "  Frappez,   En- 
trez,  Kompez,  Tout." 

3  Boschio. 


AND  WAE-CEIES. 


231 


knights,  who  resolved  with  him  to  turn  hermits.  They  were  clad  in  a 
grey  cloth,  scarlet  cap,  and  a  girdle  and  cross  of  gold ;  they  were  not 
restrained  by  any  vows,  and  the  convivial  life  they  led  gave  rise  to  the 
proverbial  expression,  faire  ripaille.  He  was  elected  pope  under  the 
name  of  Felix  V.,  1439,  but  put  an  end  to  the  schism  of  the  Church 
by  his  abdication,  1449. 

Philip  II.,  Duke  of  Savoy  (-j-1496).  As  this  prince  often 
changed  sides  to  suit  his  own  interest  as  leafier  of  the  factions  during 
four  reigns,  he  took  for  device  a  serpent  who  has  cast  its  skin,  with 
the  motto,  Paratior,  "  More  ready."  1 

Phtllbert  the  Fair  (-f-1504).2  Married  Margaret,  daughter  of 
Maximilian,  and  Governess  of  the  Low  Countries  (see).  His  device 
was  the  anemone,  or  wind  flower.3  Motto,  Bella  ma  jjoco  dura, 
"Beautiful,  but  lasting  little." 

"  This  floure  hath  this  propertie,  never  to  open  but  when  the  wind 
doth  blow."4 

"  Youth,  like  a  thin  anemone,  displays 
His  silken  leaf,  and  in  a  morn  decays." 

Sib  W.  Jones. 

Philibert,  Emmanuel,  Duke  of  Savoy  (-f-1580).  He  learned  the 
art  of  war  under  the  Duke  of  Alba  and  Charles  V.,  in  whose  court 
he  lived.  The  hero  of  St.  Quentin,  1557.  The  French  had  not 
experienced  such  a  defeat  since  Agincourt.  When  Charles  V.  received 
tidings  of  the  victory,  he  asked  "  whether  Philip  was  at  Paris." 
Emmanuel  was  a  suitor  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  his  pretensions  warmly 
supported  by  his  master,  Philip  II.,  who  would  have  used  some  con- 
straint in  the  matter,  had  he  not  been  restrained  by  Mary's  refusal  to 
do  violence  to  the  inclinations  of  her  sister. 

The  French  having  despoiled  him  of  his  estates,  he  took  for  device 
a  naked  arm  with  a  sword ;  motto,  Spoliatis  arma  superswit,  "  Arms 

1  Maus.  du  Toison  d'or. 


2  Bronze  gilt  medallion,  Philibert, 
eighth  Duke  of  Savoy,  and  his  duchess, 
Margaret  of  Austria — circa  1500.  Ob., 
regardant  busts  of  the  duke  and  duchess, 
a  -wicker  hurdle  stretches  across  the  lower 
part  of  the  field,  the  upper  part  powdered 
■with  thistles  and  true-love  knots,  in- 
scribed, "  Philibertus  •  dux  ■  Sabaudie  ■ 
VIII  •  Margua  •  Maxi  '  Cac  ■  aug  •  fi  ■  d  • 
sa  ■  "     Rev.,  Arms  of  Savoy,  devices  of  a 


true-love  knot,  thistles,  and  the  motto, 
"  fort."  Inscribed,  "  Gloria  ■  in  altisimis  ■ 
deo  *  et  in  terra  pax  •  hominibus  ■  burgus." 
— South  Kensington  Museum. 

3  Other  mottoes  for  the  anemone : 
Brecis  est  usus, "  Short  is  its  use  "  ;  Gloria 
vento  discutitur,  "  [Its]  glory  is  dispelled 
by  the  wind  " ;  Perflant  omnia  venti, 
"  The  winds  blow  through  all  tilings." 

4  Pliny,  book  xxi.,  ch.  23. 


232 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


still  remain  to  the  despoiled ;"  meaning  that  lie  who  retains  his  arms 
is  not  deprived  of  everything ;  a  good  omen,  as  he  regained  them  at 
the  battle  of  St.  Quentin,  after  which  he  took  a  pile  of  arms,  with 
the  motto,  Reconduntur,  non  retunduntur,  "  They  are  laid  by,  not 
blunted," — i.e.,  that  even  in  peace,  the  preparation  for  war  should  not 
be  neglected. 

In  1553,  when  Emmanuel  was  general  of  the  Imperial  army,  a 
medal  was  struck,  bearing  his  device  of  an  elephant  making  room 
for  itself  among  a  flock  of  sheep,  separating  them  with  his  trunk, 
so  that  he  may  not  trample  upon  them.  Motto,  Infestus  infestis, 
"  Enemies  crush  enemies  "  (Fig.  160).     "  This  beast,"  says  Pliny,  "  is 


=     i 


£*g.  160. — Emmanuel  Philibert,  I>uke  ct  Savoy. 

so  gentle  to  all  others  that  are  but  weake,  and  not  so  strong  as  himselfe 
that  if  he  passe  through  a  flocke  or  heard  of  smaller  cattell,  it  will 
with  the  nose  or  trunke,  which  serveth  insteed  of  his  hand,  remoove 
and  turne  aside  whatsoever  beast  commeth  in  his  way,  for  feare  he 
should  go  over  them,  and  so  crush  and  tread  under  his  foot  any  of 
them,  ere  it  were  aware.  And  never  doe  they  any  hurt,  unless  they 
be  provoked  thereto." 2  So  Emmanuel  did  not  wish  to  crush  any  except 
his  adversaries. 

Charles  Emmanuel,  Duke  of  (1630),  styled,  "  The  Great."  This 
prince  had  several  mottoes.  At  the  beginning  of  his  reign  he  used, 
Dirige  gressus  meos,  "Lord  direct  my  steps."  And  when  he  went 
to  Saragossa  to  marry  Catherine,  the  infanta  of  Spain,  he  chose  for 
his  device  at  the  carousal  given  on  the  occasion,  an  eagle  looking  at 

1  For  infeste,  read  infestis;.  '  2  Book  viii.,  oh.  7. 


AND  WAE-CEIES.  233 

the  sun,  with  the  motto,  Non  degenero,  "I  do  not  degenerate,"  to 
imply  that  he  would  sustain  the  reputation  of  his  ancestors. 

During  the  troubles  in  France,  he  seized  the  marquisate  of  Saluces, 
and  caused  money  to  be  coined,  upon  which  was  the  constellation  of 
the  Sagittarius,  or  the  centaur,  having  that  of  the  crown  at  its  feet, 
with  the  motto,  Opportune,  "  Observe  the  opportunity,"1— meaning 
that  having  found  a  crown,  abandoned  by  the  disorder  of  France,  he 
had  availed  himself  of  the  opportunity  of  possessing  himself  of  it. 

Another  device  was  a  mailed  arm,  holding  a  sword,  with  this 
hemistich  of  Lucan — Anna  tenenti  omnia  dat,  qui  justa  negat, 
"  Whoso  denies  justice,  give  everything  to  him  who  holds  the  arms." 

Victor  Amadeus  (-j- 1637).  The  bird  of  Paradise.  Motto, 
Cselestes  semula  motus,  "Emulate  the  celestial  motions,"  was  one  of 
Victor  Amadeus'  favourite  devices.  Another  device  was  a  tulip,  with 
the  word,  Perjicior,  "I  am  made  perfect."2 

Christine  (-f-  1660),  wife  of  Victor  Amadeus.  See  Richelieu, 
Marshal. 

Scotland. — Robert  Stuart  II.  (ace.  1371).  Celestial  crown 
over  the  globe.  Vanitas,  vanitatum  et  omnia  vanitas,  "  Vanity  of 
vanities,  and  all  things  are  vanity." 

James  III.  (1460).  A  hen  with  her  chickens  under  her  wing. 
Non  dormit  qui  custodit,  "  He  sleeps  not  who  guards."  Two  rocks  in 
the  midst  of  the  sea.     Durdbo,  "  I  shall  endure." 

James  IV.  (1488).  A  column  upon  a  rock,  surmounted  by  two 
heads,  Utrumque,  "  On  both  sides."  His  wife,  Margaret  Tudor, 
eldest  daughter  of  Henry  VII.,  used  the  daisy. 

James  V  (1513.     A  whale  led  by  a  little  fish,  called  by  Pliny, 

musculus.      Motto,     Urget    major  a,     "He    urges    on    a   greater." 

"  There  be  examples   of  friendship  among  fishes,  besides  those  of 

whose  societie  and  fellowship  I  have  allreadie  written,  namely,  be- 

tweene  the  great  whale  balaena,  and  the  little  musculus.     For  whereas 

the  whale  aforesaid  hath  no  use  of  his  eies  (by  reason  of  the  heavie 

1  "  Observe  the  opportunity." — Apoc.  Savoy.     Legend  :    Fcedere  Et  Religione 

Eccles.  iv.  20.  Tenemur — another    reading  of  the  con- 

-  There    exists    a    gold    doubloon   of  tested  F.  E.  It.  T. — Jules  Baux,  '  Histoire 

Victor  Amadeus,  bearing  on  one  side  his  de  l'Eglise  de  N.  D.  de  Brou '  (at  Bourg- 

effigy ;  on  the  reverse,  four  Savoy  knots  en  -  Bresse),    containing    the     splendid 

with  as  many  devices  of  two  hands  con-  monuments   of  Philibcrt  the  Fair  and 

joined,    arranged    round    the     arms    of  Margaret. 


234  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

weight  of  his  eie-brows  that  cover  them)  the  other  swiinmeth  before 
him,  serveth  him  in  steed  of  eies  and  lights,  to  shew  that  hee  is  neere 
the  shelves  and  shallows,  wherein  he  may  be  soone  grounded,  so  big 
and  huge  he  is."1 

Also  a  pyramid  crowned,  in  the  sea,  as -ailed  by  winds  and  clouds. 
Adhue  stat,  "  It  still  stands." 

Marie  de  Lorraine,2  Queen  dowager  of  Scotland,  and  Regent 
during  the  minority  of  her  daughter,  Mary  Stuart ;  prudent,  just  and 
resolute,  and  devoted  to  the  interests  of  her  country.  Her  device 
was  a  crown  placed  upon  a  rock,  beaten  on  all  sides  by  the  wind  and 
waves,  with  the  motto,  Adhue  stat,  "  Still  stands."     See  Mary  Stuart. 

Mary  Stuart,  Queen  of  Scotland  and  France.  Mary  Stuart  was 
six  years  old  when  she  arrived  in  France  ;  at  fifteen  she  married 
Francis,  then  only  fourteen  years  of  age.  They  were  styled  the  Roy 
Dauphin  and  the  Eeine  Dauphine  ;  and  Queen  Mary  of  England  dying 
soon  after,  King  Henry  II.  required  that  the  Dauphin  should  assume, 
with  the  arms  of  France,  Dauphine,  and  Scotland,  those  of  England 
and  Ireland,  and  affix  them  publicly  in  several  places  in  Paris  by  his 
herald  "  Dauphine,"  styling  themselves  Francois  and  Marie,  by  the  grace 
of  God,  King  and  Queen  of  Scotland,  England,  and  Ireland,  Dauphin 
and  Dauphine  of  Viennois.  These  designations,  though  merely  re- 
calling the  eventual  rights  of  Mary,  called  forth  remonstrance  on  the 
part  of  the  English  ambassador,  and  were  productive  of  disastrous 
consequences. 

Mary's  devices  were  numerous.  On  the  death  of  Francis  II.  she 
took  the  liquorice  plant,  the  root  only  of  which  is  sweet,  and  all  above 
ground  bitter.  The  motto,  Dulce  meum  terra  tegit,  "  The  earth  covers 
my  sweet  one." 

Again,  a  vine,  intended  to  represent  the  kingdom  of  Scotland,  with 
two  branches,  one  of  which  is  leafless ;  a  hand  issuing  from  the 
clouds,  and  holding  a  pruning-bill,  cuts  off  the  withered  branch,  em- 
blematic of  rebels  and  heretics,  in  order  that  the  green  branch  (her 
Catholic  subjects)  may  flourish  and  bear  forth  more  grapes.  The 
motto  was,  Virescit  vulnere  virtus,  "  Virtue  grows  green  (flourishes 

1  Book  ix.,  ch.  62.  Henry  VIII.  vehemently  demanded  ber 

2  She  married,  first,  Louis  II.,  Duke  of  hand,  when  wooed  by  James  V.,  and  the 
Longueville,  and  she  captivated  tlie  Dauphin  was  with  difficulty  prevented 
hearts  of  Henry  VIII.  and  James  V.,  from  divorcing  his  wife,  Catherine  de 
and  tbe  Dauphin  (afterwards  Henry  II.).  Medicis,  in  order  to  marry  her. 


AND  WAE-CKIES.  235 

the  more)  from  a  wound."  This  impresa  is  upon  a  band-bell 
formerly  belonging  to  Queen  Mary,  and  now  the  property  of  Mr. 
Robert  Bruce,  of  Kennet.1  It  likewise  appears  upon  one  of  Mary's 
jetons.  Miss  Strickland  also  mentions  the  device,  ascribing  to  it  a 
different  signification.  "  Mary,"  she  writes,  "  sent  Norfolk  a  cushion 
embroidered  by  herself,  with  the  royal  arms  of  Scotland,  beneath  which 
there  was  a  hand  with  a  knife  iu  it  pruning  a  vine,  and  the  motto, 

Virescit  vidnere  virtus,  "Virtue  is  strengthened  by  affliction."2  Lesley 
knew  enough  of  the  metaphorical  and  poetic  turn  of  Mary's  mind  to 
be  able  to  explain  that  the  mysterious  design  embroidered  on  the 
cushion  was  an  impresa  devised  by  herself  to  convey  a  moral  sentiment 
applicable  to  her  own  case,  signifying  that  the  vine  was  improved  by 
the  discipline  to  which  it  was  subjected,  as.  in  the  language  of  Scrip- 
ture, '  Faithful  are  the  wounds  of  a  friend.'  "3 

The  fullest  account  of  the  impreses  of  Queen  Mary  is  given  by 
Drummond  of  Hawthornden,  in  a  letter  addressed  to  Ben  Jonson.  "  I 
have  been  curious,"  writes  Drummond,  "  to  find  out  for  you  the  im- 
preses and  emblems  on  a  bed  of  state,  wrought  and  embroidered  all 
with  gold  and  silk  by  the  late  Queen  Mary,  mother  to  our  sacred 
sovereign,  which  will  embellish  greatly  some  pages  of  your  book,  and 
is  worthy  of  your  remembrance.  The  first  is  the  Loadstone  turning 
towards  the  Pole ;  the  word,  her  Majesty's  name  turned  into  an  ana- 
gram, Marie  Steuart,  '  Sa  vertu  m'attire,'  which   is   not  inferior  to 

Veritas  armata,  '  armed  truth,'  which  is  likewise  meant  as  an  anagram 
on  Marie  Stuarta.4  This  hath  reference  to  a  crucifix,  before  which, 
with  all  her  royal  ornaments,  she  is  humbled  on  her  knees  most  lively, 
with  the  word  TJndique,  '  On  every  side,'  which  would  signify  that 
through  the  cross  she  is  armed  at  all  points." 

Drummond  next  gives  the  impresa  of  Mary  of  Lorraine,  her 
mother— a  phoenix  in  flames ;  the  word,  En  ma  fin  git  mon  commence- 
ment. This  same  motto  attracted  the  attention  of  Elizabeth's  emissaries? 
when  Mary  was  at  Tutbury,  in  15b'9.  Nicholas  Whyte  writes  to 
Cecil,  "In  looking  upon  her  cloth  of  estate,  I  notice  this  sentence 
embroidered,  En  ma  fin  est  mon  commencement,  which  is  a  riddle  I 
understood  not."  Miss  Strickland  observes,  "  This  motto,  it  may  be 
remembered,  had  previously  puzzled  Randolph,  and  other  English  spy 

1  Exhibited  at  Edinburgh  in  1862. 

2  On  a  silken  jeton.  4  See  also  p.  124  for  other  anagrams, 

3  '  Queens  of  Scotland,'  vol.  vii.  and  for  Mary's  monograms. 


236  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

reporters,  when  they  saw  it  wrought  upon  her  throne  at  Holyrood ; 
not  comprehending  that  the  young  blooming  sovereign,  in  her  nine- 
teenth year,  undazzled  by  the  glories  of  her  earthly  state,  testified 
thereby  her  hope  of  a  better  inheritance  when  the  mortal  shall  have 
put  on  immortality.  Chosen  for  her  warning  in  the  days  of  her 
prosperity,  she  adopted  it  in  the  season  of  adversity  as  her  consola- 
tion."1 These  impreses  show  that  a  strain  of  melancholy  moralising 
occupied  the  mind,  and  pervaded  even  the  needlework,  of  this  accom- 
plished and  ill-fated  princess. 

Another  device,  wrought  on  this  elaborated  specimen  of  her  taste 
and  industry,  was  an  apple-tree  growing  on  a  thorn  ;  the  motto,  Per 
vinculo,  crescit,  "  Through  chains  it  increases," — implying  thereby  that 
her  cause  was  increased  by  her  captivity. 

Another  of  these  allegories  was  Mercury  charming  Argus  with  his 
hundred  eyes,  expressed  by  his  caduceus,  two  flutes,  and  a  peacock ; 
the  motto,  Eloquium  tot  lumina  clausit,  "  Eloquence  has  closed  so 
many  eyes."     Others  are: 

Two  women  upon  the  wheel  of  fortune,  the  one  holding  a  lance 
emblematic  of  war,  the  other  a  cornucopia,  emblem  of  peace,  which 
impresa  evidently  typified  Queen  Elizabeth  and  herself ;  the  motto, 
Fortunes  comites,  "  The  companions  of  Fortune," — implying  that 
whomsoever  fortune  favoured  would  prevail. 

A  ship,  with  its  masts  shivered,  still  resisting  the  buffeting  of  the 
ocean  ;  Numquam  nisi  rectam,  "  Never  till  righted,"  or  "  Never  unless 
erect,"  descriptive  of  her  invincible  constancy — though  assailed  on 
every  side  by  her  Protestant  subjects — to  remain  firm  in  the  Catholic 
faith.  On  the  scaffold  she  declared,  "  I  was  born  in  the  Catholic 
faith,  I  have  lived  in  the  Catholic  faith,  and  I  am  resolved  to  die  in  it." 
Her  maternal  pride  is  expressed  in  the  device  of  a  lioness,  with  her 
whelp  beside  her,  and  the  words,  Unum  quidem,  sed  leonem,  "  One 
only,  but  that  one  a  lion." 

Her  bitter  sense  of  the  insolence  of  her  inferiors  is  intimated  by 
the  emblem  of  a  lion  taken  in  a  net,  and  hares  wantonly  passing  over 
him,  with  the  words,  Et  lepores  devicto  insultant  leone,  "  Even  hares 
trample  on  the  conquered  lion." 2 

1  '  Queens  of  Scotland,'  vol.  vi. 
2  Of  this  device  Alciat  gives  a  representation,  and  Philip  Faulconbridge  says, 
tauntingly,  to  Austria — 

"  You  are  the  hare  of  whom  the  proverb  goes, 
Whose  valour  plucks  dead  lions  by  the  beard." — King  John,  Act  vii.,  sc.  1. 


AND  WAR- CRIES.  237 

As  an  antithesis,  she  describes  the  improving  uses  of  adversity  by 
camomile  in  a  garden,  and  the  motto,  Fructus  calcata  dat  amplos, 
"  Trampled  upon,  she  giveth  out  greater  fragrance." 

Again,  she  typifies  herself  in  the  character  of  the  palm-tree,  with 
the  motto,  Ponderibus  virtus  innata  resistit,  '''  Innate  virtue  resisteth 
oj)pression."     See  Urbino. 

Also,  as  a  bird  in  a  cage,  with  a  hawk  hovering  above ;  the  motto,  II 
mal  me  preme  e  me  spaventa  peggio,  "It  is  ill  with  me  now,  and  I 
fear  worse  betides  me." 

A  triangle,  with  a  sun  in  the  middle  of  a  circle ;  the  word,  Trino 
non  convenit  orbis,  "  The  round  does  not  fit  the  circle." 

A  porcupine  amongst  sea -rocks  ;  the  word,  Ne  volutetur,  "  That  it 
should  not  be  rolled  about." 

The  panoply  of  war,  helmets,  lances,  pikes,  muskets,  cannon,  and 
the  words,  Dabit  Deus  his  quoque  finem,  "  God  can  put  an  end  to 
these  things  also." 

A  tree  planted  in  a  churchyard,  environed  with  dead  men's 
bones ;  the  word,  Pietas  revocdbit  ah  Oreo,  "  Piety  shall  recall  from 
hell." 

Eclipses  of  the  sun  and  the  moon  ;  the  word,  Ipsa  sibi  lumen 
quod  invidet  aufert,  "  She  taketh  from  herself  the  light  she  envies," 
glancing,  as  may  appear,  at  Queen  Elizabeth,  figured  as  the  eclipsing 
moon. 

Scarcely  less  pathetically  applicable  to  her  own  sad  case  are 
Brennus's  balance,  a  sword  cast  in  the  scale  to  weigh  gold ;  the  motto, 
Quid  nisi  victis  dolor  f  "  What  remaineth  for  the  vanquished  but 
misery." 

A  vine,  having  one  branch  withered,  receives  water  from  an  urn. 
Mea  sie  mihi  prosunt,  "  Thus  are  mine  profitable  to  me."  This  has 
been  supposed  to  express  the  bitterness  of  Mary's  feelings  at  the 
conduct  of  James,  who  had  strengthened  himself  by  diverting  her 
resources  to  his  own  use.  It  is  more  probable  it  was  issued  in 
the  same  spirit  as  the  second  jeton,  with  the  vine  and  the  pruning 
knife,  inculcating  patience  under  affliction,  as  virtue  flourishes  under 
suffering.  The  following  explanation  is  given  by  Mezerai :  "  Elle 
n'oublia  aucun  soin  d'y  arroser  et  cultiver  c'est  a  dire  de  favoriser 
le  parti  Catholique,  qui  estoit  le  sien,  et  pour  desraciner  celui 
des   Protestans.      Ces   paroles   mea   sic  mihi  prosint  (sic)   est  un 


238  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

souhait  quelle  elle  fait  pour  l'accroissement  de  la  religion  Catholique, 
tres-saint  et  tres  pieux,  mais  qui  fut  mulcte  aussi  bien  que  ses 
travaux." 

In  allusion  to  her  great  reverse,  a  wheel  rolled  from  the  mountain 
into  the  sea ;  the  motto,  Piena  di  dolor  vida  di  speranza,  "  Full  of 
griefs,  empty  of  hope." 1 

A  heap  of  wings  and  feathers  dispersed ;  the  motto,  Magnatum 
vicinitas,  "  The  vicinity  of  magnates,"  implying  that  she  had  too 
powerful  a  neighbour,  who  rent  her  plumes  and  rifled  her  nest. 

A  trophy  upon  a  tree,  with  mitres,  crowns,  hats,  masks,  swords, 
boots,  and  a  woman  with  a  veil  about  her  eyes,  or  muffled,  pointing  to 
some  one  about  her,  with  this  motto,  Ut  casus  dederit,  "  As  chance 
shall  have  given." 

A  winged  female  (Fortune),  holding  a  wheel  and  rudder,  Adrastia 
aderit,  "  Fortune  will  come." 

One  of  the  most  beautiful  of  these  allegories,  describing  the  source 
from  which  Mary  derived  consolation  under  the  pressure  of  her  cala- 
mities, is  the  device  of  three  crowns,  two  opposite,  and  one  above  in 
the  sky,  the  motto,  Aliamque  moratur,  "  And  awaits  another;"  imply- 
ing that  the  rightful  Queen  of  France  and  Scotland  awaits  a  crown 
celestial  in  the  heavens.  The  last  device,  is  an  eclipse,  with  the 
motto,  Medio  occidit  die,  "  Darkened  at  noonday." 

In  addition  to  these  devices,  the  impresa  and  mottoes  of 
Francis  I.,  Henry  II.,  Godfrey  of  Bouillon,  the  Cardinal  Lorraine, 
together  with  the  Tudor  portcullis,  and  the  Order  of  the  Annun- 
ciation of  Savoy,  were  all  embroidered  upon  this  bed  by  Queen 
Mary  and  her  ladies.  The  workmanship,  concludes  Drummond,  "  is 
curiously  done,  and  truly  it  may  be  said  of  it,  the  execution  surpassed 
the  material." 

On  Mary's  banner  in  Peterborough  Cathedral  was  the  Scottish 
unicorn  and  three  thistles ;  motto,  "  In  my  defence  "  (Lansdown  MS., 
No.  874). 

It  would  appear,  from  a  despatch  of  Dickenson,  that  Queen 
Elizabeth  directed  she  should  use  her  motto  :  "  Her  Majesty's  most 
royal  daughter  is  to  use  her  godmother's  impress,  Sender  eadem, 
'  Full  of  princely  courage,'  and  therefore,  as  well  for  that  as  her  other 

1  A  similar  motto,  in  Spanish,  with  water-buckets  on  a  wheel,  Los  Memos  de  dolor, 
los  vazios  de  speranza,  was  used  by  Dom  Diego  de  Guzman. 


AND  WAH-CRIES.  239 

admirable  and  royally  shining  virtues,  justly  honoured  even  by  the 
enemies  of  her  cause." 

Schweppermann  (Seyfried)  was  the  occasion  of  Frederic  the  Fair, 
Duke  of  Austria,  being  defeated  at  Muhldorf  by  his  rival,  Louis  of 
Bavaria,  1322,  Frederic  falling  into  the  error  of  thinking  that  a  fresh 
army  he  saw  approaching  was  a  reinforcement  from  his  brother 
Leopold,  when  it  proved  to  be  a  force  commanded  by  Seyfried 
Schweppermann,  a  citizen  of  Nuremberg,  who  had  deceived  the  enemy 
by  displaying  the  standards  of  Hapsburg.  Louis,  who  was  not  present 
in  person  at  the  battle,  acknowledged  that  he  owed  the  victory  to  this 
courageous  citizen ;  and  when  a  basket  of  eggs  (the  only  provision 
which  could  be  procured)  was  divided  among  the  officers,  Lewis  pre- 
sented two  to  Schweppermann,  with  the  words,  Jedem  ein  ex,  dem 
from/men  Schweppermann  zwei, 

"  An  egg  for  each  man's  share, 
To  •worthy  Schweppermann  a  pair." 

These  words  were  inscribed  upon  his  tomb ;  and  an  egg  was  ever 
afterwards  borne  in  the  escutcheon  of  his  family. 

Seguier,  Pierre,  III.  The  intrepid  Chancellor  of  the  Eegent 
Anne  of  Austria  and  Louis  XIV.  (-}-  1672).     See  Hagenbach. 

Seminara,  Carlo  Splnelli,  Duke  of.  The  same  as  one  of  the 
devices  of  the  Emperor  Charles  V.  The  sun,  Non  dum  in  auge,  "  Not 
yet ;"  i.e.,  that  his  greatness  had  not  yet  reached  its  zenith. 

Sevigne,  Marie  de  Eabutin  Chantal,  Marquise  de  (-f-  1696). 
A  swallow1  flying  to  warmer  climes,  Lefroid  me  ehasse. 

Sforza.     See  Milan. 

Sorel,  or  Soreau,  Agnes  (-f-  1450).  The  "  Demoiselle  de 
Fromenteau,"  who  used  the  ascendancy  she  possessed  over  the  king's 

1  With   the  motto,  Non   habemus  hie  manentem  civitatem,  "  Here   we   have  no 
abiding  city,"  the  swallow  is  a  fit  emblem  of  the  Christian  pilgrim. 

"  No  sorrow  loads  their  breast,  or  swells  their  eye, 
To  quit  their  friendly  haunts,  or  native  home  ; 
Nor  fear  they,  launching  on  the  boundless  sky, 
In  search  of  future  settlements  to  roam. 

"  They  feel  a  power,  an  impulse  all  divine, 

That  warms  them  hence  ;  they  feel  it,  and  obey  ; 
In  this  direction  all  their  cares  resign, 
Unknown  their  destined  stage,  unmarked  their  way." 

Jago. 


240  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

mind  to  raise  him  from  his  lethargy,  instead  of  remaining  under  the 

appellation  of  the  "  petit  roi  de  Bourges."     As  Brantome  relates  it, 

an  astrologer  being  one  day  consulted  by  Charles  in  her  presence, 

Agnes  asked  him  her  destiny.     He  replied  that  she  would  fix  the 

affections  of  a  great  king ;  upon  which  Agnes  rose,  and,  making  a  low 

curtsey  to  Charles,  asked  permission  to  go  to  the  court  of  the  King  of 

England  to  fulfil  her  fate,  for,  added  she,  "  Sire,  c'est  lui  sans  doute 

que  regarde  la  prediction,  puisque  vous  allez  perdre  votre  couronne, 

et  que  bientot  Henri  va  la  reunir  a  la  sienne."     The  king  took  the 

reproof,  "  Se  mit  a  pleurer,  et  de  la,  prenant  courage,  quittant  la  chasse 

et  les  jardins,  il  fit  si  bien,  par  son  bonheur  et  sa  vaillance,  qu'il 

chassa  les  Anglais  de  son  royaume."1     He  gave  her  the  chateau  de 

Beaute,2   on    the    banks    of    the    Marne,   between  Yincennes    and 

Nogent,  whence  she  took  the  name  of  the  "  Dame  de  Beaute."     The 

armorial  bearings  of  her  family  were  a  rebus  on  their  name,  Or,  a 

sureau3  (sallow  or  willow),  vert ;  and  in  the  chateau  which  Charles  VII- 

built  for  her  at  La  Guerche,4  the  device  by  which  she  is  designated 

is  the  tree  surelle.     The  walls  are  covered  with  it,  and  with  A  and 

A 
L  superposed,  y    forming  A  sur  L, — a  curious  rebus   of  her  name. 

Agnes  was  buried  in  the  Abbey  of  Loches.  As  long  as  she  lived, 
the  chanoines  had  been  the  most  obsequious  courtiers  ;  after  her  death 
they  gave  an  asylum  to  her  remains  only  because  Charles  VII.  was 
living ;  but  scarcely  had  he  closed  his  eyes  than  they  applied  for  per- 
mission to  remove  from  the  choir  the  tomb  of  the  "  belle  des  belles." 
"  J'y  consens,"  replied  Louis  XI.,5  "maisrendez  le  dot."  The  tomb 
remained.     Francis  I.  wrote  of  her  : 

"Gentille  Agnes  plus  d'honneur  tu  me'rites, 
La  cause  e'tant  de  France  recouvrcr. 
Que  ce  que  pent  dedans  un  cloitre  ouvrer 
Clause  nomiain  ou  bien  de'vot  hermite." 


1  Brantome. 

2  Adjoining  the  royal  park  of  the  5  During  her  lifetime,  Louis  was  her 
Bois  de  Vincennes.  Here  Charles,  dan-  greatest  enemy.  He  "  se  laissa  aller  a 
phin  (eldest  son  of  Charles  VI.  by  des  prompitudes  contre  la  belle  Agnes;" 
Isabella  of  Bavaria),  was  born,  and  died  i.e.,  he  once  gave  her  a  box  on  the  ear 
1386-7. — De  Coste.  in  the  Castle  of  Chinon,  and  he  was  one 

3  Sureau,  soreau,  sorel,  surelle.  of  those  who  was   unjustly  accused  of 

4  Near  Loches,  dep.  Indre-et-Loire.  causing  her  death  by  poison. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  241 

Spain.1 — Sisenando,  King  of  the  Goths,  631,  having  destroyed  his 
numerous  enemies,  and  overcome  the  obstacles  to  the  Gothic  throne, 
took  as  device  an  elephant  covered  with  flies,  which  it  destroys, 
according  to  Pliny,  by  suddenly  contracting  the  wrinkles  of  its  skin. 
His  motto  was,  Al  mejor  que  puedo,  "  In  the  best  way  I  can." 
"  Covered  their  skin  is  neither  with  haire  nor  bristle,  no,  not  so  much  as 
in  their  taile,  which  might  serve  them  in  good  stead  to  drive  away  the 
busie  and  troublesome  flie  (for  as  vast  and  huge  a  beast  as  he  is,  the  flie 
haunteth  and  stingeth  him) ;  but  full  their  skin  is  of  crosse  wrinckles 
lattisewise ;  and  besides  that,  the  smell  thereof  is  able  to  draw  and 
allure  such  vennine  to  it,  and  therfore  when  they  are  laid  stretched 
along,  and  perceive  the  flies  by  whole  swarmes  settled  on  their  skin, 
sodainly  they  draw  those  cranies  and  crevices  together  close,  and  so 
crush  them  all  to  death.  This  serves  them  instead  of  taile,  maine, 
and  long  haire."2 

Theresa,  daughter  of  Alfonso  V.,  King  of  Leon  and  the  Asturias, 
999,  when  married  by  her  father  to  Abdallah,  king  of  Toledo,  whose 
assistance  he  sought  against  Almanzor,  the  Moorish  king  of  Cordova, 
took  for  device  a  mortar  in  which  gunpowder  is  being  pounded,  with 
the  motto,  Minima  maxima  fecit,  "  A  little  makes  much  ;"  meaning 
that  as  a  small  spark  would  ignite  the  whole,  so  wrath  should  be 
extinguished  as  soon  as  kindled,  lest  it  cause  the  destruction  of  the 
author. 

Others  attribute  this  device  to  Garcias,  910,  son  of  Alfonso  the 
Great,  King  of  Leon  and  the  Asturias,  and  that  he  bore  it  on  his 
standard  when  he  went  to  war  against  Abdallah,  the  Moorish  king  of 
Cordova,  whom  he  so  successfully  defeated. 

Peter  II.,  King  of  Aragon,  1196.  An  eagle.  Sub  umbra  alarum 
tuarum,  "  Under  the  shadow  of  thy  wings." 

James  I.,  King  of  Aragon,  1213,  the  Conqueror.  A  knight  over- 
throwing another.     Dubia  for  tuna,  "Doubtful  fortune." 

Peter  III.,  King  of  Aragon  and  Sicily,  1270,  the  Great.  The 
contriver  of  the  horrible  massacre  known  as  the  Sicilian  Vespers  in 
1282,  originating  in  the  plot  of  Procida,  and  ending  in  the  expulsion 
of  the  French  and  the  separation  of  Sicily  from  Naples.     Peter,  who 

1  The  dates  are  those  of  accession. 
-  Pliny,  book  viii.,  ch.  10. 


R 


242 


H1ST0KIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


was  married  to  Constance,  daughter  of  the  usurper  Manfred,  was 
crowned  king  of  Sicily. 

A  caltrops  ;  French,  chansse  trapjie  ;  a  ball  of  iron,  with  spikes  so 
placed  that  when  thrown  upon  the  ground  one  spike  is  always  erect. 
It  was  used  to  maim  horses. 

"  1  think  they  ha'  strewed  the  highways  with  caltrops. 
No  horse  dares  pass  them." 

Beavmont  and  Fletcher,  Love's  Pilgrimage. 

Peter's  motto  was,  Quocunque  ferar,  "Wherever  I  may  be  carried." 

Martin  I.,  1396,  King  of  Aragon.  Victory  seated  upon  a  globe 
(Fig.  161).     Non  in  tenelris,  "  Not  in  darkness." 


Fig.  161.— Martin,  King  of  Aragon. 

John,  King  of  Aragon,  1458.  A  salamander  in  the  fire.  Duraho, 
"  I  will  endure." 

Ferdinand  I.,  the  Great,  1035.  By  right  of  his  wife,  Sancba, 
king  of  Leon,  and  by  that  of  his  mother,  Elvira,  of  Castile.  When 
deceived  by  a  nobleman  of  Granada,  he  took  the  device  of  the  pome- 
granate,1 the  emblem  of  treachery  and  deceit,  with  the  motto,  Vos 
Mentis,  thus  alluding  to  the  noble's  native  town  and  to  his  disloyal 
perfidy. 

Ferdinand  III.,  the  Saint,  King  of  Castile,  1230.  A  helm  and 
globe.     Te  gvhernatore,  "  Thou,  the  pilot." 

1  When  Granada  was  captured,  1492,  th<3  pomegranate  was  added  to  the  shield. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  243 

Alfonso  X.,  the  Wise,  King  of  Castile,  1252.  A  pelican  in  its 
piety  (Fig.  162).  Motto,  Pro  lege,  et  grege,  "For  the  law  and  the 
people."1 


Fig.  162.— Alfonso  ihe  Wise  King  or  Castile. 

The  poets  loved  to  celebrate  the  maternal  love  of  the  pelican  : 

"  The  loving  pelican, 
Whose  young  ones  poison'd  by  the  serpent's  sting, 
With  her  own  blood  to  life  again  doth  bring." 

Drayton,  Noah's  Flood. 

Again — 

"  The  Pelicane,  whose  sons  are  mrrst  with  bloode. 

she  stabbeth  deep  her  breast, 

Self  murtheresse  through  fondnesse  to  hir  hroode." 

Birds  forbidden,  printed  in  Bibliotheca 
Biblica,  black  letter. 

And  when  the  king,  in  '  Hamlet,'  reproaches  Laertes  for  venting  his 
revenge  at  his  father's  death  alike  on  friends  and  foes,  Laertes  says  : 

"  To  his  good  friends  thus  wide  I'll  ope  my  arms, 
And,  like  the  kind  life-rend  ring  pelican, 
Repast  them  with  my  blood." 

Hamlet,  Act  iv.,  sc.  5. 

"  Phisiologus  dist  del  Pellican  qu'il  aime  moult  ses  oiseles  et  quant 
ils  sont  nes  et  creu  ils  s'esbanoient  en  lor  ni  contre  lor  pere  et  le  fierent 
de  lors  ele3  en  ventilant  ensi  come  il  li  vont  entor  et  tant  le  fierent 
qu'ils  le  blechent  es  ex.  Et  lors  les  refiert  le  peres  et  les  occit.  Et 
la  mere  est  de  tel  nature  que  ele  vient  al  ni  al  tierc  jor  et  s'accoste  sor 

1  Other  mottoes  for  the  pelican: — Ut  herself  of  herself;"  Mortuos  vivificat, 
vitam  habeant,  "That  they  may  have  " Makes  the  dead  alive  ;"  Nee  sibi  parcit, 
life;"    Immemor  ipse   sui,   "Unmindful       '•  Nor  spares  herself." 

2  For  rege,  read  legk. 

R    2 


244  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

ses  oiseles  efc    ensi  les  resucite   cle   mort ;   car  li  oiseles  par  nature 
rechoivent  le  sans;  si  toifc  come  il  sant  de  Ja  mere  et  ]e  boivent."1 


o 


"  Than  sayd  the  Pellycane, 
When  my  Byrdts  be  slayne, 
With  my  Bloude  I  them  revyve, 
Scrypture  doth  record, 
The  same  dyd  our  Lord, 
And  rose  from  deth  to  lyve." 

Skelton,  Armory  of  Birds.2 

Petee  I.,  the  Cruel,  King  of  Castile,  1350.  A  hand  armed 
with  a  lance.     Hoc  opus  est,  "  This  is  the  labour." 

Deposed  by  his  subjects  for  his  cruelty,  Peter  was  reinstated  by 
Edward  the  Black  Prince,  but  was  afterwards  slain  by  Henry  de 
Transtamare,  who  succeeded  him. 

Henry  IL,  de  Transtamare,  1368.  Two  anchors  crossed  with 
the  pole  star.     Buena  guia,  "  A  sure  guide." 

John  I.,  King  of  Castile,  1377.  An  arm  with  a  falcon  on  the 
wrist.     Maiora  cedunt,  "  The  greater  yield." 

Henry  III.,  King  of  Castile,  1390.  The  oak.  Semper  eadem, 
"  Always  the  same." 

"  He  is  the  rock,  the  oak  not  to  be  windshaken." 

Coriolanus,  Act  v.,  sc.  2. 

A  pyramidal  tower.  Nisi  domino  frustra,  "  In  vain  but  by  the  Lord's 
help." 

Ferdinand  the  Catholic,  1572,  King  of  Aragon,  who,  by  his 
marriage  with  Isabella  of  Castile  and  his  conquest  of  Granada  and 
Navarre,  united  the  kingdoms  of  the  Peninsula,  and  became  king  of 
all  Spain. 

Being  much  devoted  to  St.  John  the  Evangelist,  Ferdinand  and 
Isabella  adopted  his  eagle,  sable,  with  one  head,  as  the  supporter  of 
their  common  shield.3  They  each  had  their  separate  device.  Isabella 
took  a  bundle  of  arrows,  Flecltas,  and  the  letter  F,  initial  of  her 

1  '  Bestiarum,'  Boyal  Library,  Brussels  3  The  arms  of  the  different  kingdoms 
1074.                                                                     of  Spain  are  all  comprised  in  Ike  escut- 

2  The  pelican,  wiih  the  motto,  cheon  of  Ferdinand  and  Isabella. 

"  En  racy  la  mort,  Aragon,   Castile,  Granada,  Leon,  and 

En  moy  la  vie,"  SicUy. 

was   the  sign    of  the   printers   Hier.  de  » II  baston  giallo  e  vermiglio." 

Mamef  and  Guill.  de  Cavellat,  of  Paris.  Orlando  Furioso,  xiv.  4. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


245 


husband's  name.  Ferdinand  a  yoke,  Yugo,  and  the  letter  Y,  initial  of 
his  wife  Isabella,  and  of  the  despotic  machine  which  he  fixed  alike  on 
Moor  and  Spaniard.  Also,  the  Gordian  knot  (Fig.  1 63),  with  the  motto, 
Tanto  monta,  rendered  by  Mr.  Ford  as  "  Tantamount,"  to  mark  his 
assumed  equality  with  his  Castilian  queen,  which  the  Castilians  never 
admitted.  Other  writers  refer  the  motto  to  a  dispute  with  regard  to 
the  succession  of  Castile,  which  finding  no  means  of  obtaining  justice 
except  by  the  sword,  led  Ferdinand  to  adopt  the  device  of  the  Gordian 
knot,  the  motto  implying  that  it  was  easier  to  solve  the  difficulty  by 
cutting  than  untying  it. 


Fig.  163. — Ferdinand  the  Catholic,  King  of  Castile  and  Aragon. 

The  device  of  the  Gordian  knot  was  taken  by  Jacques  d'Albon, 
MarechaL  d'Andre',  who  formed  with  the  Due  de  Guise  and  the  Con- 
stable Montmorency,  the  famous  triumvirate  which  was  to  extinguish 
liberty  in  France.  His  motto  was,  Nodos  virtute  resolvo,  "  I  loose  the 
knot  by  strength." 

So,  when  extolling  the  virtues  of  the  young  King  Henry  V.,  the 
archbishop  says — 

"  Turn  him  to  any  cause  of  policy, 
The  Gordian  knot  of  it  lie  will  unloose 
Familiar  as  his  garter." 

King  Henry  V.,  Act  i.,  sc.  i. 

And  Iachimo,  when  he  takes  off  the  bracelet  of  Imogen,  finds  it 

"As  slippery  as  the  Gordian  knot  was  hard." 

Cymbeline,  Act  ii.,  sc.  2. 


246 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


Joan  of  Castile  (Jeanne  la  Folle)  (-J-  1555),  daughter  of  Isabella 
and  Ferdinand,  succeeded,  on  her  mother's  death,  1504,  to  the  throne  of 
Castile,  jointly  with  her  husband,  Philip  the  Fair  of  Austria.  Philip 
dying,  1506,  and  Joan  becoming  insane  with  grief  at  his  loss,  her 
father,  Ferdinand,  continued  to  reign,  and  thus  perpetuated  the  union 
of  Castile  with  Aragon. 

The  device  of  Joan  was  a  peacock,  in  his  pride,  upon  the  terrestrial 
globe  (Fig.  164).     Motto,  Omnia  Vanitas,  "All  Vanity." 


Fig.  164.— Joan  of  Castile. 

That  of  Philip,  her  husband,  a  knight  on  horseback,  armed  at  all 
points,  with  a  lance  in  his  hand,  riding  before  the  lists.  Motto,  Qui 
volet,  or  Quis  wit,1  "  Who  wills." 

Charles  I.,  son  of  Jeanne  la  Folle  and  Philip  le  Bel,  1516,  after- 
wards, 1519,  Emperor  of  Germany  as  Charles  V.  "When  Charles 
became  emperor,  the  apostolic  one-headed  eagle  of  his  grandfather 
gave  place  to  the  double-headed  eagle  of  the  Germanic  empire, 
described  by  the  Florentine  poet  Alamanni  as 

"  L'aquila  grifagna 
Che  per  pin  divorar  due  becchi  porta." 

"  The  rapacious  eagle,  which  the  more  to  devour  bears  two  beaks." 

When  Alamanni,  who  had  been  banished  from  his  native  city  for 
being  concerned  in  a  conspiracy  to  assassinate  Pope  Leo  X.,  and  had 
withdrawn  to  France,  was  sent  on  an  embassy  from  Francis  I.  to 
invest  Charles  V.  with  the  order  of  St.  Michael,  in  his  oration  before 

1  The  same  device,  with  the  motto  Qui  ciipit,   "  Who  desires,"   is  assigned  to 
Sancho  IV.,  King  of  Castile. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


247 


the  emperor  be  had  frequent  occasion  to  name  the  imperial  eagle, 
upon  which  Charles,  haviug  attentively  listened  till  the  close  of  the 
speech,  turned  suddenly  towards  the  orator,  and  with  sarcastic  em- 
phasis repeated  the  ahove  lines,  "  L'aquila  grifa^na,"  &c.  Alamanni 
promptly  replied,  "  When  I  wrote  those  lines  I  wrote  as  a  poet,  to 
whom  it  is  allowed  to  feign ;  but  now  I  come  as  the  ambassador  of  one 
great  sovereign  towards  another.  They  were  the  productions  of  my 
youth,  but  now  I  speak  with  the  gravity  of  age ;  they  were  provoked 
by  my  having  been  banished  from  my  native  place,  but  now  I  appear 
before  your  Maj'  sty  divested  of  all  rancour  and  passion."  Charles, 
rising  from  his  seat  and  laying  his  hand  on  the  shoulder  of  the 
ambassador,  told  hiui  with  great  kindness  that  he  had  no  cause  to 
regret  the  loss  of  his  country  since  he  had  found  such  a  patron 
as  Franc's  I.,  adding,  that  to  a  virtuous  man  every  place  is  his 
country. 


Fig.  165.— Charles  V. 

Conscious  of  the  elements  of  greatness  within  him,  Charles  V. 
took  for  the  motto  of  his  maiden  shield,  when  but  eighteen  years  old, 
at  a  tournament  at  Valladolid,  Non  dum,  "  Not  yet,"  meaning  that  he 
would  bide  his  time.1  Typotius  gives  him  the  device  of  the  sun 
ascending  the  meridian  (Fig.  165),  with  the  motto,  Non  dum  in 
auge,  "  Not  yet  in  its  zenith,"  expressing  the  character  of  one 
whose  ambition  is  not  satisfied,  but  who  aspires  to  higher  things. 
1  Prescokt's  '  Life  of  Philip  II.,'  vol.  L,  p.  27S. 


248 


HISTOEIO  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


Charles  afterwards  assumed  his  proud  device  of  the  columns  of 
Hercules1  (Fig.  166),  with  the  motto,  Plus  mdtre,  "  More  beyond,"  a 
Burgundian  or  French  motto,  altered  by  Italians  to  Piu  oltre,  or  Plus 
ultra.     These  words  refer  to  the  acquisition  of  a  world  unknown  to 


Fig.  166.— Charles  V. 

the  ancients,  or  perhaps  not  only  to  the  actual  passing  of  the  boun- 
daries prescribed  by  Hercules,  but  to  show  that  he  would  surpass  the 
fabled  hero,  in  fame,  valour,  and  glory. 

These  pillars  of  Hercules  are  constantly  mentioned — 

"  Altri  lasciar  le  destre  e  le  manciue 
Rive,  die  due  per  opra  Erculea  fersi." 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  xv.,  st.  22. 

"  Some  pass  the  pillars  rais'd  on  either  strand, 
The  well-known  labour  of  Alcides'  hand." 

Hoole's  Translation. 


1  Calpe  and  Abile.  Hercules,  when 
seeking  the  oxen  of  G  cry  on,  separated 
this  mountain,  and  having  gathered  the 
golden  apples  of  Atlantis,  he  left  these 
two  rocks  as  termini,  or  signs  to  naviga- 
tors not  to  pass  beyond. 

"  II  segno  che  prescritto 
Avea  gia  a'  naviganti  Ercole  invitto." 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  vi.,  st.  17. 


"  That  region  where 
Unconquer'd  Hercules,  in  ages  past, 
His  boundary  to  manners  had  plac'd." 

Hoole's  Translation. 

"  La  mcta  che  pose 
Ai  prinu  naviganti  Ercole  invitto." 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  xxxii.,  st.  98. 

"  And  now  the  bounds  he  trac'd 
Which  once  for  mariners  Alcides  plac'd." 

Hoole's  Translation. 


AND  WAR-CEIES.  249 

And  thus  Taeso  — 

"  Tempo  verra,  che  sian  d'Ercole  i  segni 
Favola  vile  ai  naviganti  industri." 

Ger.  Lib.,  Canto  vi.,  st.  220. 

"  The  time  will  come  when  sailors  yet  unborn 
Shall  name  Alcides'  narrow  bounds  in  scorn." 

"  Hercules  Pillars  "  was  a  sign  in  Fleet  Street,  probably  after  the 
visit  of  the  Emperor  Charles  V.  to  this  country.1 

When  Charles  V.  besieged  Metz  in  1552,  Francois  Duke  de  Guise, 
its  youthful  and  chivalrous  defender,  happily  alludes,  in  his  address  to 
his  army,  to  the  proud  boast  of  the  emperor.  He  says,  "  Apprenez  a 
toute  l'Europe  qu'il  n'a  pas  ete  impossible  a  un  petit  nombre  de 
Francais  d'arreter  un  empereur  qui  les  assiegeoit  avec  trois  armees,  et 
qui  se  vantait  de  n'a  voir  pas  estre  arreste  par  les  colonnes  d'Hercule." 

It  was  on  being  compelled  to  raise  the  siege  of  Metz— 

"  Oil  le  destin  avait  son  outre  limite, 
Contre  les  nouveaux  murs  d'une  faible  cite' " 

(Konsard"), 

that  Charles  V.  exclaimed,  "  I  see  that  fortune  resembles  a  woman,  she 
prefers  a  young  king  to  an  old  emperor." 

On  this  occasion  the  device  was  made  of  an  eagle  attached  to  the 
column  of  Hercules,  with  the  motto,  Non  ultra  metas,  "  Not  beyond 
the  boundaries ;"  but  there  is  an  equivoque  in  the  word  metas,  which 
signifies  the  city  of  Metz  as  well  as  boundaries.  Francois  de  Guise 
having  obliged  him  to  retire,  chained  the  imperial  eagle  to  the 
columns,  with  the  motto,  "Thou  shalt  not  go  beyond  Metz."2 

When  Frederick  Henry,  Prince  of  Orange,  had  been  successful 
over  the  Spaniards,  a  medal  was  struck,  in  1631,  on  the  reverse  of 
which  were  the  columns  of  Hercules,  the  one  falling,  the  other  borne 
up  by  the  Hon  of  Holland  above.  Motto,  Concussit  utramque,  "  He 
has  shaken  both."3 

After  his  victory  over  Francis  I ,  Charles  had  the  device  of  a  fleur- 

1  Pepys  mentions  taking  a  friend  "to  sent  Sampson  pulling  down  the  pillars  of 

'  Hercules  Pillnrs '  to  drink  ;  "  and  again,  the  Temple  of  Dagou. 

"  with  Mr.  Creed  to  '  Hercules  Pillars,'  "  No.   3455.      A    silver-gilt    diamond 

where   we   drank."      On   a  token   is   a  shaped     ornament,     with     portrait     of 

crowned  male  figure,  erect,  and  grasping  Charles  V.  of  Germany,  with  Plus  ultra 

a  pillar  in  eacli  hand,  which,  but  for  the  device  behind.  1547." — Ber rial  Catalogue. 

inscription,  might  be  supposed  to  repre-  ~  Vulsou  de  la  Colombiere. 

3  Bizot,  Hist.  Metallique  de  la  Hollande.     168S. 


250 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


de-lis  withered  by  blasts  from  winds  blowing  from  the  south.  Motto, 
Perflantibus  Austris,  "  The  south  winds  blowing;'  making  allusion  to 
the  house  of  Austria,  and  to  a  passage  in  one  of  the  Fathers,  which 
says  that  the  lily  fades  when  the  south  wind  blows. 

Charles  also  took  the  device  of  the  stag,  which,  when  he  sheds  his 
horns,  lies  in  the  sun  that  they  may  be  hardened  by  its  rays.  Motto,  Tu 
perficis,  "  Thou  makest  perfect,"  meaning  that  no  glory  is  perfect  unless 
derived  from  the  Almighty,  the  author  and  giver  of  all  good  gifts. 

"  So  long  as  they  be  destitute  of  theire  homes,  and  perceive  theire 
heads  naked,  they  goe  forth  to  releife  by  night ;  and  as  they  grow 
bigger  and  bigger  they  harden  them  in  the  hot  sunne,  eftsoons  making- 
proof  of  them  against  trees ;  and  when  they  perceive  that  they  be 
tough  and  strong  enough,  they  goe  abroad  boldly."1 

Philip  II.,  lf)56.  When  yet  Infant  of  Spain,  he  took  the  chariot 
of  the  rising  sun,  Apollo  holding  the  reins  (Fig.  167),  with  the  motto, 
Jam  illustrabit  omnia,  "  Soon  it  will  light  all." 2 


Fig.  167.— Philip  II. 


A  horse  leaping  the  barriers  of  a  circus,  with  the  motto  from 
Juvenal,  TJnus  non  sufficit  orlis,  "  One  world  is  not  enough,"  alluding 
to  his  empire  in  the  New  World. 


1  Pliny,  book  viii.,  ch.  32. 
'J  Bronze  medal  of  Philip  II.    Obverse,       of  the  sun. 


Diameter  2|  in.      (6759). 


bust  to  the  right.     Beverse,  the  chariot 


-South  Kensington  Museum. 


AND  WAK-CEIES. 


251 


After  the  abdication  of  his  father,  Philip  took  Hercules  relieving 
Atlas1  from  the  weight  of  the  globe  (Fig.  168).  Motto,  Ut  quiescat 
Atlas,  "  That  Atlas  may  repose." 

"  Si  come  gia  depose,  e  vecchio  e  stanco 
Sopra  gli  omeri  d'Ercole  possenti 
Atlante  il  giro  de  le  stelle  ardenti, 
Che  sotto  il  peso  eterno  venia  mauco, 
Cosi,"  &c. — Silvio  Antoniano. 


Fig.  168.— Philip  II. 

When  Phihp  married  Mary  of  England,  he  took  Bellerophon 
fighting  with  the  monster,  with  the  motto,  Hinc  vigilo,  "Hence 
I  watch,"  to  imply  that  he  awaited  the  favourable  moment  for 
attacking  the  monster  heresy  in  England. 

The  terrestrial  globe,  of  which  half  is  in  darkness.  Reliquum 
datur,  "  The  rest  is  given." 

Two  batons  in  saltire.  Motto,  Dominus  mihi  adjutor,  "  God  is 
my  helper." 

Two  sceptres  passed  in  saltire  through  a  crown  over  an  open 
pomegranate  (Fig.  169).  Motto,  Tot  Zopiro,  "As  many  of  Zopyros," 
originating  in  the  following  incident.  One  day  Philip  being  asked  of 
what  he  would  like  as  large  a  number  as  the  seeds  of  a  pomegranate, 
answered  he  would  like  as  many  of  Zopyros,  that  is,  as  many  faithful 

1  "  Quel  vecchio  stauco, 

Che  con  le  sue  spalle  ombra  Marocco." 

PlSTKAECA. 


252 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


friends,  alluding  to  the  well-known  self-devotion  of  Zopyros,  who,  by- 
cutting  off  his  nose  and  ears,  wounding  himself,  and  pretending  to  be 
a  fugitive,  placed  Babylon  in  the  power  of  his  sovereign  Darius. 


Fig.  169.— Philip  11. 


Philip  also  took  the  device  of  the  world,  with  the  motto,  Cum 
Jove,  "  With  Jove,"  from  Virgil. 

"  Deviso  e  '1  mondo  cou  Giove,  Cesare  have." 

JEneid.     Annibal  Caro's  Translation. 

Elizabeth,  or  (as  the  Spaniards  styled  her)  Isabella  of  Valois, 
second  wife  of  Philip  IT.  (-J-  1568).  As  her  marriage  formed  one  of 
the  articles  of  the  peace  of  Cambray,  she  was  called  by  the  Spaniards 
Isabel  de  la  Paz,  La  Eeyna  de  la  Paz  y  de  la  bonded,  and  by  the 
French  L' Olive  de  la  paix. 

As  Philip  took  the  rising  sun,  his  queen  took  for  device  a  serene 
sky  studded  with  stars,  on  one  side  the  sun,  on  the  other  the  moon. 
Motto,  Iamfeliciter  omnia,  "Now  all  is  well." 

This  device  of  Queen  Isabella,  with  the  crescent  of  Henry  II.  of 
France,  and  the  rainbow  of  Catherine  de  Medicis,  all  point  to  the 
tranquillity  of  the  Christian  universe  at  the  period  in  which  they 
lived. 

Anne  of  Austria,  fourth  wife  of  Philip  II.  (-j-  1580).     Two  dove3 
on  a  tree,  in  a  ring.     Mtemo  conjuge,  "  In  eternal  union." 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  '253 

Sully,  Max.  de  Bethune,  Due  de  (-f-  1 641).  An  eagle  with  the 
thunderbolts.  Mottoes,  Quo  jussa  Jovis,  "  "Whither  Jove  commands." 
Ardeo  ubi  aspicior,  "  I  burn  when  I  am  looked  upon."  See 
Montluc. 

Sweden,  Christina,  Queen  of  (-f  1689).  The  foreshadowing  of 
the  intricate  path  before  her  caused  her  to  take  for  device  a  labyrinth, 
with  the  motto,  Fata  viam  invenient,  "  Fate  will  find  the  way," 
which  appears  on  a  medal  struck  in  1751. 

She  endeavoured  to  persuade  the  world  of  her  satisfaction  at  her 
abdication,  by  causing  a  medal  to  be  struck  which  represented  Mount 
Olympus  with  Pegasus  on  the  top.  Motto,  Sedes  hsec  solio  potior, 
"  This  seat  is  preferable  to  the  throne." 

To  the  last  she  was  proud  of  her  independence ;  for  one  of  her 
last  medals,  struck  at  Route,  bore  a  phoenix,  with  the  motto,  "  I  was 
born,  lived,  and  died  free." 

Sun-dials,  with  appropriate  mottoes,  were  very  fashionable  in  the 
seventeenth  century,  particularly  in  Paris. 

M.  de  Fienbet,  counsellor  of  state  to  Louis  XIV.,  had  on  the  front 
of  his  town  residence,  figures  of  Labour  and  Repose  supporting  a  dial ; 
motto,  Plures  labori,  dulcibus  quidam  otiis,  "  Many  to  labour,  some 
to  sweet  ease ;"  and  another,  in  the  gardens  of  bis  country-house, 
making  the  style  the  monitor,  Dwmfugit  umbra,  quiesco,  "While  the 
shadow  flies,  I  am  at  rest."  On  another  was  a  verse  from  Horace, 
Dona  prsesentis  rape  Isetus  horse,  "  Seize  with  joy  the  gifts  of  the 
present  hour."  Again,  a  verse  from  Martial,  Pereunt  et  imputantur, 
"  They  die  away  and  they  are  reckoned  up," — i.e.,  take  their  flight  to 
heaven,  and  bear  witness  of  the  good  or  evil  we  have  done.  Another 
warns  the  reader,  Dubia  omnibus,  ultima  multis,  "  Uncertain  to  all, 
the  last  to  many ;"  while  another  no  less  briefly  declares,  Supremo, 
hsec  multis,  forsantibi,  "  The  last  to  many,  perhaps  to  thee."  One 
quotes  the  royal  psalmist,  TJmbrse  transitus  est  tempus  nostrum,  "  Our 
time  is  as  the  passing  of  a  shadow ;"  while  another  selects  from  the 
same  source,  Dies  mei  sicut  umbra  declinaverunt,  "  My  days  are  gone 
as  a  shadow."1  On  the  old  sun-dial  at  the  Palais  de  Justice  is  inscribed, 
in  letters  of  gold,  Sacra  themis  mores,  id  pcndida  dirigit  horas, 
"Holy  justice  guides  manners  as  this  dial  does  the  hours." 

1  Many  of  the  above  are  taken  from  Burgon's  '  Life  of  Sir  Christopher  Wren,'  and 
'  The  Leisure  Hour.'    See,  also,  Erasmus  ;  and  France,  Louise  de  Vaudemont. 


254  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Another — 

"  Si  nescio,  Hospes,  sunt  hie  oracula  Phoebe, 
Consula;  respondent  hoc  tibi — Disce  mori." 

"  If  thou  knowest  it  not,  stranger,  these  are  the  oracles  of  Phoebus ; 
consult  them,  they  reply  to  thee — Learn  to  die/' 

"  Io  vado  e  vengo  ogni  giorno, 
Ma  tu  andrai  senza  ritorno." 

"  Haste,  traveller,  the  sun  is  sinking  low  ; 
He  shall  return  again,  but  never  thou." 

Carpe  diem  (Horace),  "Make  the  best  of  the  day."  Gressus 
denumerat  (Job  xxxi.  4),  "  Thy  steps  are  counted," — "  Watch  and 
pray,  time  steals  away."  Festinat  suprema,  "  The  last  hour  hastens." 
Memento  liorse  novissime;  -".Remember  the  last  hour."  Volat  sine  mora, 
"  It  flies  and  tarries  not."  Necmapientum  sine  linea,  was  on  a  sun- 
dial of  Cardinal  Richelieu. 

On  a  sun-dial  at  Bourges : 

"La  vie  est  comme  l'hornbre, 
Insensible  en  son  cours, 
On  la  croit  immobile, 
Elles  avanee  toujours. 

Non  numero  horas  nisi  serenas,  "  I  count  only  the  hours  when  serene," 
is  the  motto  of  a  sun-dial  near  Venice, — take  no  note  of  time  but  by 
its  benefits ;  turn  always  to  the  sunny  side  of  things. 

Tatjfel,  George.  A  ship  in  a  storm,  and  a  lighthouse  with  a 
beacon;1  motto,  Cursum  dirigit,  "It  directs  the  course." 

Thon,  Simon  de,  Doyen  of  Trent.  A  basilisk2  killing  itself  by 
looking  at  itself  in  a  mirror,  Im  authored. 

*'  II  Basilico  che  priva  e  divide 
Ciascun  di  vita,  in  cui  la  vista  gira, 
Mentre  sua  imago  contro  lo  specchio  mira 
Se  stesso,  autor  de  1'  altrui  morte,  uccide." 

Dolce. 

"  The  basilisk  that  deprives  each  one  of  life  who  turns  his  look  towards  it,  while  it 
gazes  on  its  own  image  in  the  glass,  the  author  of  other's  death,  it  kills  itself." 


1  Other  mottoes  for  a  lighthouse:  Dux  the  wanderers." 

sum    errantibus,    "  I    am    guide    to    the  2  Other  mottoes  : — Necat  sine  vulnere, 

wanderers;''     Dat     vitare,     dum     dat  "He  kills  without  a  wound," — "It  kills 

videre,uHe  gives  the  means  of  escape  without  wounding ;"  8' jo  miro,  jo  moro, 

when  he  gives  those  of  sight ;  "  In  tuium  "  If  I  look  I  die ;"  Aut  pent,  aid  pertmit , 

(illicit,  "  He  entices  you  to  safety  ; "  Er-  "  He   is   either   destroyed   or    destroys." 

rantibus  una  micat,  "  He  alone  shines  for  For  Basilisk,  see  Alba. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  255 

Thus  evil  often  recoils  on  its  author,  or  slander  destroys  secretly 
as  the  basilisk  kills,  without  an  apparent  wound. 

Tiene,  Count  Odoaedo.  Took  the  hay  tree  or  laurel  with  a 
thunderbolt,  which  falls  but  does  not  strike ;  motto,  Intacta  virtus, 
"  His  virtue  is  untouched  ;"  i.e.,  that  not  the  darkest  storm  could  affect 
his  virtuous  intentions.  The  security  of  the  bay  tree  from  lightning 
is  noticed  by  Pliny  and  by  the  poets. 

Pliny  says  :  "  Of  all  those  things  which  growe  out  of  the  earth, 
Lightning  blasteth  not  the  laurell-tree  nor  entreth  at  any  time  above 
five  foot  deepe  into  the  ground ;  and  therefore,  men  fearful  of 
lightning,  suppose  the  deeper  caves  to  be  the  surest  and  most  safe ; 
or  else  tooths  made  of  skinnes  of  sea-beasts,  which  they  call  seales,  or 
sea-calves;  for  of  all  creatures  in  the  sea,  this  alone  is  not  subject  to 
the  stroke  of  lightning,  like  as  of  all  flying  fowles,  the  ^]gle,  which 
for  this  cause  is  imagined  to  be  the  armour-bearer  of  Jupiter,  for  this 
kind  of  weapon."1 

So  Sir  W.  Brown  : 

"  Where  bayes  still  grow  (by  thunder  not  struck  clown), 
The  victor's  garland  and  the  poet's  crown." 

And  again  : 

"  'Twere  but  to  me  like  thunder  'gainst  the  bay, 
Whose  lightning  ma3r  enclose  but  never  stay 
Upon  its  charmed  branches." 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Faithful  Shepherdess. 

"  Secure  from  thunder  and  unharm'd  by  Jove." — Dryden. 

Titian  (-f-  1576).  The  great  Venetian  painter  took  for  his 
device  a  bear  licking  her  cubs  into  shape  (Fig.  170),  with  the  motto, 
Natura  potentior  ars,  "  Nature  is  the  more  powerful  Art," — the 
strongest  efforts  of  Art  can  never  attain  the  excellence  of  Nature. 

Writing  of  bears,  Pliny  says:  "At  the  first  they  seeme  to  be  a 
lumpe  of  white  flesh  without  all  forme,  little  bigger  than  rattons, 
without  eyes,  and  wanting  hair ;  onely  there  is  some  shew  and  appear- 
ance of  clawes  that  put  forth.  This  rude  lumpe,  with  licking,  they 
fashion  by  little  and  little  into  some  shape." 

"  The  cubs  of  bears  a  living  lump  appear, 
When  whelp'd,  and  no  determined  figure  wear. 
The  mother  licks  them  into  shape,  and  gives 
As  much  of  form  as  she  herself  receives." — Dryden. 


Book  x.,  ch.  55. 


256  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

(rloster  declares  that  Nature  did  disproportion  him, 

"     ....     in  every  part, 
Like  to  a  chaos,  or  an  unlick'd  bear-whelp." 

Wenri/VL,  3rd  Pai^,  Act  iii  ,  sc.  2. 


Fig.  170.— Titian. 

Titian  lies  buried  at  Venice,  in  the  church  of  the  Frari,  with  this 
doggrel  as  epitaph — 

"  Qui  giace  Tiz!ano  de'  Arecelli 
Dign'  emulo  dei  Zenssi  e  degli  Apelli." 

"  Here  lies  Tiziano  de  Yecelli,  worthy  rival  of  Zeuxis  and  Apelles.'' 

Titus,  Emperor  of  Kome,  took  the  well-known  device  of  a  dolphin 
twisted  round  an  anchor,  to  imply,  like  the  emblem  of  Augustus,  the 
medium  between  haste  and  slowness,  the  anchor  being  the  symbol  of 
delay,  as  it  is  also  of  firmness  and  security,  while  the  dolphin  is  the 
swiftest  of  fish.1  This  device  appears  also  upon  the  coins  of  Vespasian, 
the  father  of  Titus. 

The  anchor  was  also  used  as  a  signet  ring  by  Seleucus,  King  of 

1  Of    a   man   he    is    nothing  affraid,  the  mariners,  as  it  were  for  a  wager,  who 

neither  avoideth  from  him  as  a  stranger;  should   make   way   most    speedily,   and 

hut    of    himselfe    rmeteth    their   ships,  alwaies  outgoeih  them,  saile  they  with 

plaieth    and    disporteth    himselfe,   and  never    so    good    a    fore-wind.  —  Pliny, 

fetcheth  a  thou&and  friskes  and  gambols  book  ix.,  eh.  S. 
before  them.     He  will  swimme  along  by 


AND  WAE  CRIES.  257 

Syria ;  and  in  modern  times  with  the  dolphin  by  Aldus,  the  celebrated 
printer  of  Venice ;'  and,  with  the  motto,  Festina  lente,  "  On — slowly," 
by  the  Emperor  Adolphus  of  Nassau,  and  by  Admiral  Chabot. 

Toco,  Don  Charles  (-f-  1674).     See  Bembo. 

Tortoli,  Pietro  Francesco.  A  spike  of  corn,  ripe  and  bending. 
Motto,  Quia  plena  (recurvo),  "  I  bend  down  because  I  am  full," — the 
modesty  of  true  learning. 

"  Why  droops  my  Lord,  like  over-ripen'd  corn, 
Hanging  the  head  at  Ceres'  plenteous  load  ?" 

King  Henry  VI.,  2nd  Part,  Act  i.,  sc.  2. 

Ripe  corn  has  been  taken  as  a  device  with  the  motto,  Plus  reddit, 
plus  quan  acceperit,  "  It  gives  back  more  than  it  has  received."  A 
sentiment  derived  from  Hesiod,  showing  we  should  imitate  the  corn, 
which  renders  moie  fruit  than  the  seed  sown. 

Tournon,  Francois  de,  Cardinal  (-j-1562).  Employed  by  the 
Regent  to  negotiate  the  deliverance  of  Francis  I.,  he  signed  the  dis- 
graceful Treaty  of  Madrid,  which  that  of  Cambray  happily  blotted  out 
from  the  page  of  history,  and  for  ten  years  he  enjoyed  the  full  confi- 
dence of  the  king,  who  enjoined  his  son,  on  his  death-bed,  to  be 
guided  by  his  counsels ;  but  the  Lorraine  princes  and  the  Duchesse 
de  Yalentinois  succeeded  to  the  ascendency,  and  Tournon  retired 
to  his  diocese.  He  was  nevertheless  again  employed  on  a  mission 
to  Eome,  where  he  endeavoured  to  preserve  peace,  but  the  influence 
of  the  Guise  and  Carafa  party  was  too  strong,  and  the  battle  of 
St.  Quentin  the  disastrous  consequence  of  their  ambition.  The  death 
of  Henry  II.  restored  hitn  to  Court  favour.  The  Collogue  de  Poissy, 
at  which  he  presided,  was  the  last  act  of  his  long  political  life, 
which  extended  over  four  reigns.  His  cruelty  to  the  Calvinists  and 
the  Yaudois  is  a  lasting  reproach  to  his  memory. 

His    device    was,    manna   falling    from    the    clouds,    with    the 

1   •'  Would  you  still  be  safely  landed, 
On  the  Aldine  anchor  ride : 
Never  yet  was  vessel  stranded, 
With  the  dolphin  by  its  side." 

Gentleman  s  Magazine,  1836. 

"  When  tempests  arise,  and  seamen  cast  their  anchor,  the  dolphin,  from  its  love  to 
man,  twines  itself  round  it,  and  directs  it  so  that  it  may  more  safely  lay  hold  of  the 
ground." — Cameuakhs. 

S 


258 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


motto,  Non  quae  super  terrain,  "Not  what  is  above  earth," — but  the 
bread  that  coineth  down  from  heaven  (John  v.  1 ),  the  hidden  manna, 
i.e.  Christ,  promised  (Rev.  ii.  17)  to  him  that  overcometh. 

Teemoille,  or  Tbimouille,  Louis,  second  of  the  name,  Sire  de  la. 
At  the  age  of  27  he  gained  the  battle  of  Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier, 
against  the  Duke  of  Brittany,  where  he  made  prisoners  the  Prince  of 
Orange  and  Louis,  Duke  of  Orleans.  When  Louis  became  king  Ins 
courtiers  reminded  him  of  his  wrongs  at  St.  Aubin,  which  occasioned 
the  memorable  answer  of  Louis  XII.,  that  "it  did  not  become  the 
King  of  France  to  avenge  the  injuries  of  the  Duke  of  Orleans."  Louis 


Kig.  171. — Louis  de  la  Tremuille. 


confided  to  him  the  command  of  the  army  of  Italy.  He  gave  evidence 
of  his  valour  at  Aignadel  and  Marignano ;  Pavia  terminated  his 
glorious  career,  1525.  The  battle  was  given  against  his  advice,  and 
he  fell  pierced  with  wounds.  He  was  honoured  with  the  title  of 
Chevalier  sans  reproclie,  and  deserved  the  device  he  took  after  the 
battle  of  Saint  Aubin,  and  v\hich  has  been  kept  by  his  descendants — 
a  wheel  (Fig.  171),  with  the  motto,  Sans  point  sortir  de  Vomiere, 
to  signify  that  no  personal  interest  would  cause  him  to  swerve  from  the 
path  of  honour. 

See  Mandbuccio,  Ceistofoeo. 

Tbent,  Cardinal.  A  bundle  of  lances.  Motto,  TJnitas.  Like 
the  sheaf  of  arrows  of  the  Seven  United  Provinces,  both  referring  to 
the  story  told  in  Plutarch  of  Scilurus  and  his  eighty  sons,  or  iEsop's 
fable  of  the  old  man  and  the  bundle  of  sticks. 


AND  WAE-CEIES. 


259 


Trignano,  Comte  di.  A  rose  tree  between  two  onions  (Fig.  172). 
Motto,  Per  opposite,,  "Through  things  opposite."  Plutarch  says 
that  when  planted  among  onions,  the  rose  produces  the  sweetest 
flowers,  so  a  good  man  shines  most  and  is  most  purified  living  in  a 
wicked  world. 


Fig.  172. — Count  de  Trignano. 


Trinchero,  Gio.  Battista.  Cranes  flying  over  a  rock,  upon  which 
eagles  are  perched,  with  sand  in  their  mouths.  Motto,  Tida  silentia 
merces,  "  Silence  is  safe  merchandise."1 

Triyulzio  Family,  of  Milan.  Have  for  their  crest  a  man's  head 
with  three  faces,  Tre  volte,  whence  their  name,  to  which  has  sometimes 
been  applied  the  motto,  Mens  unica,  "  But  one  mind." 

Triyulzio,  Gian  Giacomo,  surnamed  the  Great  (-j-1518).  Tri- 
Yulzio  left  the  service  of  Alfonso,  and  returned  at  the  head  of  a 
French  army,  and  may  be  said  to  have  been  the  chief  cause  of  the 
ruin  of  his  country.  Fought  for  Charles  VIII.  at  the  battle  of  Taro. 
When  Louis  XII.  succeeded  to  the  throne,  Trivulzio  in  less  than  a 
month  reconquered  the  Milanese,  and  compelled  Ludovico  to  flee  to 
Germany,  for  which  service  he  was  made  a  Marshal  of  France.  Tri- 
vulzio's  despotic  administration  excited  a  revolt  and  the  return  of  the 
Moor ;  but  Trivulzio  took  both  the  brothers  prisoners.     He  led  the 

1  The  same  device  is  given  with  the  thy  moulh."  Le  Verein,  '  Livre  curieux 
mottoes.  Silentia  tuta,  "Silence  is  safe;"  -et  utile  pour  les  savans  et  les  artistes.' 
and  Pone  orifrenum,  ''  Keep  a  bridle  on       Paris,  16SG. 

s  2 


260 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


vanguard  of  Louis  XII.  at  the  battle  of  Aignadel,  and  had  a  large 
share  in  the  victory  of  Marignano.  He  ordered  to  be  inscribed  upon 
his  tomb  at  Milan,  in  the  church  of  San  Nazzaro,  "  Johannes  Jacobus 
Magnus  Trivultins  Antonii  filius  quo  nuniquam  quievit  quiescit,  face." 
Seeing  Ludovico  Sforza's  design  upon  the  duchy  of  Milan,  to  the 
prejudice  of  his  nephew,  Gian  Graleazzo  (he  was  one  of  the  Council  of 
Regency  at  Naples  appointed  by  Galeazzo  Maria),  Trivulzio  left  in 
disgust  and  joined  the  King  of  Aragon,  Alfonso  II.,  the  avowed 
enemy  of  Ludovico.  And  wishing  to  show  that  in  the  administration 
of  Milan  he  would  not  yield  one  point  to  Ludovico,  he  bore  as  his  device  a 
square  slab  of  marble  with  an  iron  style  placed  in  the  centre,  opposite 
the  sun,  the  ancient  ensign  of  the  Trivulzio  house  (Fig.  173),  with  the 


Fig.  173. — Gian  Giacomo  Trivulzio. 


motto,  Non  cedit  umbra  soli,  "  The  shadow  yields  not  to  the  sun,"  for 
the  sun — moving  round  where  it  would,  the  style  still  rendered  its 
shadow. 

Trivulzio  bore  a  panther  on  his  standard,  with  the  motto,  Mens 
sibi  conscia  facti,  "The  mind  conscious  to  itself  of  the  deed," — the 
panther  signifying  foresight  (providence),  from  the  number  of  eyes  in 
his  coat ;  others  said  he  wished  to  imply  that  he  knew  how  to  manage 
for  himself  in  the  various  changes  of  his  capricious  fortune. 
Urbino,  Dukes  op. 

Francesco  Maria  della  Eovebe  (-f-  1538),  fourth  Duke  of 
TJrbino.  He  showed  himself  not  unworthy  in  war  and  letters  of  his 
great-grandfather  Frederic,  of  Montefeltro.  When  scarcely  eighteen, 
his  uncle.  Pope  Julius  II.,  gave  him  the  command  of  the  Papal  troops. 


AND  WAK-CEIES.  261 

Francesco  degli  Alidosi,  Cardinal  of  Pavia,  accused  him  of  causing  the 
loss  of  Bologna.  Unable  to  obtain  an  audience  to  justify  himself  to 
the  Pope,  Francesco  Maria  vented  his  indignation  upon  the  cardinal, 
whom  he  killed,  when  meeting  in  the  street  at  Ravenna. 

Leo  X.  deprived  him  of  his  sovereignty,  and  gave  it  to  Lorenzino 
de'  Medici.  After  a  fruitless  contest,  Francesco  Maria  retired  with 
his  artillery  and  his  grandfather's  library  to  Mantua,  but  he  returned 
to  Urbino  on  the  death  of  Leo  X. 

Francesco  bore  for  his  arms  the  oak  and  acorns,  "  Le  ricche 
ghiande  d'oro,"1  of  the  Delia  Bovere  family.  After  the  death  of  the 
Cardinal  of  Pavia,  he  assumed,  on  a  field  gules,  a  lion  rampant  proper, 
holding  a  rapier.  Motto,  Non  deest  in  generoso  peetore  virtus, 
"  Courage  is  not  wanting  in  the  noble  breast,"  a  device  invented  by 
Castiglione  as  an  assertion  of  Francesco  Maria's  worth. 


Fig.  174. — PVaiicesco  Maria,  Duke  of  Urbino. 

On  the  recovery  of  his  duchy,  at  the  death  of  Leo  X.,  and  his 
reconciliation  with  Cardinal  Giulio  de'  Medici,  he  took  for  device  upon 
his  standard  the  palm-tree,2  bent  towards  the  ground  by  a  block  of 
marble   (Fig.  174).     Motto,    IncUnata   resurgrit,  "  Though   bent,  it 

1  "  Thy  warlike  arm  the  golden  acorns  Pliny    says  :  —  "  Poplar     settleth    and 

shook."  bendeth  downwards,  whereas  the  date- 

Orlando  Furioso.  hvQ>   contra1.iwiSe,   rise(h   upwards   and 

-  Speaking  of  woods  good  for  timW,  archwise."— Book  xvi.  42. 


262 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


springs   again," 1   in   token   of  his   successful   struggle   against  evil 
fortune. 

Also, aflame  ascending  to  heaven  (Fig.  175).     Motto,  Quiescat  in 


Fig.  175.— Francesco  Maria,  Duke  of  Urbino. 


sublime,  "  Let  it  rest  on  high ;"  that  is,  that  his  rnind  would  never 
rest  satisfied,  except  by  elevated  actions.2     See  Orsini,  Olympia. 


Fig.  176. — Francesco  Maria,  Duke  of  Urbiuo. 


Duke  Francesco  Maria  caused  to  be  stamped  upon  his  money  the 
spheres,  with  the  earth  in  the  middle  (Fig.  176),  and  the  motto,  from 


1  Crescit  sub  pondere  virtus,  "  Virtue 
grows  under  the  imposed  weight." — ■ 
Motto  of  the  Earl  of  Denbigh.  See  also 
Mary  Stuart's  devices— all  derived  from 
the  idea  that  the  palm  grows  the  faster,  in 
proportion  to  the  weight  imposed  upon  it. 

2  Many  other  mottoes  are  used  with 
the  device  of  a  flame,  emblematic,  in 
Christian  iconography,    of  death,    or  of 


the  spirit  ascending  to  heaven  : — Bepetit 
caelum  sua  dona,  "  Heaven  claims  back 
its  gifts."  Vnde  venne  ritoma,  "  It  re- 
turns whence  it  came.''  "  The  spirit 
of  man  that  goeth  upward."— Eccle- 
siastes  iii.  21.  "  The  spirit  shall  return 
to  God  who  gave  it." — Ibid.  xii.  7.  Also  as 
emblematic  of  ambition,  Aut  eundum,  aid 
pereundum,  "  Either  go  on,  or  perish." 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


263 


Ovid,  Ponderibus  librata  sua,1  "  Poised  by  its  own  weight ;"  i.  e., 
that  he  would  govern  himself  and  maintain  himself  by  his  own 
strength. 

Also,  an  eagle  burning  its  feathers  by  approaching  too  near  the 
sun  :  Pur  die  godan  gli  ocelli,  ardan  le  piume,  "  That  the  eyes  may 
enjoy,  the  feathers  are  burned," — an  impresa  d'amore. 

Likewise,  a  lighted  candle,  by  which  others  are  lighted :  Non 
degener,  addam,  "  Not  inferior  myself,  I  will  add  "  (i.e.,  light). 

Guidobaldo  II.  (-f  1574),  Duke  of  Urbino,  son  of  Francesco 
Maria,  General  of  the  Church  and  of  the  Venetian  Republic,  the 
Augustus  of  Urbino.  His  court  was  the  resort  of  learned  men,  whom 
he  received  with  the  greatest  magnificence  and  hospitality.2  He  was 
twice  married,  and  one  of  his  devices  was  the  initials  of  his  own  two 
names,  linked  by  a  Gordian  knot  to  those  of  bis  two  wives — G.  G.  and 
V.  V. ;  i.e.,  "  Guido  with  Giulia ;  Ubaldo  with  Victoria."  Motto,  Gordio 
fortior,  "  Stronger  than  Gordius."  One  of  his  mottoes  was,  Meritu 
minora,  "  Less  than  his  merit."  That  of  Giulia  his  wife,  Adversis 
adversa  solatio,  "  Things  adverse  are  a  solace  in  adversity." 

His  device  was  three  metse,  or  antique  goal  pillars  of  the  Hippo- 
drome (Fig.  177),  with  the  motto  in  Greek,  ^tkaiperoraTw 
(Filairetotato),  Virtutis  amantissimo,  "To  the  most  devoted  lover 
of  virtue," — meaning  that  the  crown  and  reward  of  true  glory  shall 
be  adjudged  to  him  who  most  of  all  distinguishes  himself  as  a  lover 
and  follower  of  virtue. 

Much  difference  exists  as  to  the  form  of  the  ancient  metas,  or 
winning-posts ;   but,  from  the   Greek  name  signifying   a  fir   cone, 


1  Taken  also  as  a  tournament  device 
by  tbe  Baron  de  Senece. 

2  Describing  tbe  voyage  of  Riualdo  to 
tbe  island  of  Lipadusa,  Ariosto  pays  a 
compliment  to  tbe  Urbino  court : 

"  A  Rimino  passo  la  sera  aricora, 
Ne  in  Montefior'  aspetta  il  mattutino, 
E  quasi  a  par  col  Sol  giungc  in  Urbino. 
Quivi  non  era  Federico    allora, 
Ne  Elisabetta.2  ne  '1  buon  Guido3  v*  era, 
Ne  Francesco  Maria,  ne  Leonora  * 
Cbe  con  coi  tese  foi  za,  e  non  alliera 
Avesse  astretto  a  far  seco  dimora 
Si  famoso  Guerrier  pill  d'  una  sera, 
Come  fer'  gia  molt'  anni,  ed  oggi  fatino 
A  Donne,  c  a  Cavalier,  cbe  di  la  vanno." 

Canto  xllii.,  st.  25,  26. 


*'  Tben,  changing  steeds,  bis  journey  he  pursued, 
And  Rimini  at  close  of  evening,  view'd  ; 
Nor  would  at  Montefior  till  morning  wait, 
But  reach'd,  with  rising  Sol,  Urbino's  gate. 
No  Guido  there,  no  Frederico  there 
Resided;  no  Elizabetta  lair. 
Nor  Leonora,  nor  Francesco  named 
In  later  times ;  for  these  a  knight  so  Tamed, 
With  couiteous  welcome  had  awhile  constralu'd 
To  rest  with  honour  in  their  seats  detain'd  ; 
Such  couiteous  welcome  as  they  since  have  paid 
To  every  noble  knight  and  virtuous  maid." 

Hoole's  Translation. 


Second  Duke  of  TJibino. 
Elisabetta  Gonzaga,  wife  of 
Guidubaldo  J.,  thiid  Duke  of  Uibiuo. 
Leonora  Uouzaga,  wile  of  Francesco  Maria. 


2G4  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

they  would  appear  to  be  of  that  form.  Sanazzaro  speaks  of  the 
cypress : 

"  Un  cipresso  iniitatore  dell'  altc  mete." 

They  were  three  cones,  placed  on  a  square  base,  and  terminated  by 
balls  on  the  top.  A  design  lor  Guidobaldo's  goals  was  sent  by 
Bernardo  Ta-so,  taken  from  the  Circus  Maximus  at  Eome. 


Fig.  177.— Guidobaldo  II,  Duke  of  Urbiuo. 

This  impresa  is  olten  to  be  seen  on  the  enamelled  Faience  and 
ornamental  furniture  of  the  period,  probably  executed  for  Duke 
Guidobaldo  himself,  for  he  was  the  great  patron  of  Majolica.  He  gave 
every  encouragement  to  the  advancement  of  the  potter's  art,  which 
attained  at  that  period  its  greatest  perfection.  He  procured  the  best 
designs  for  his  painters,  and  delighted  in  making  presents  to  contem- 
porary princes  of  specimens  of  his  Majolica.1  The  Marquis  d'Azeglio 
has  a  pair  of  Majolica  candlesticks  three  feet  and  a  half  high,  with 
the  three  metae  painted  upon  them ;  and  Baron  Meyer  de  Bothscbild 
possesses  a  similar  pair. 

In  the  South  Kensington  Museum  are  four  folding  chairs  (chaises 
pliantes)  inlaid  with  tarsia,  or  mosaic-work,  of  ivory  and  wood.  On  a 
circular  medallion,  is  an  oval  shield  of  the  arms  of  the  Dukes  of  Urbino, 
surmounted  by  the  three  metas  of  the  Hippodrome,  encircled  by  the 
ducal  coronet.  The  gilded  nails  which  attach  the  velvet  backs  and 
seats  are  in  the  form  of  large  acorns,  the  Delia  Bovere  cognisance. 

Valle,  Bietro  della  (-f-  1624).  "  At  a  masquerade  at  Goa,"  this 

1  The  celebrated  collection  of  Majolica  as   an   offering  to  our  Lady  at  Loreto. 

vases    executed    for    the    Spezieria,   or  Queen  Christum,  of  Sweden,  according 

medical  dispensary  attached  to  the  ducal  to  tradition,  offered  for  them  their  weight 

palace,  were  presented  by  his  successor  in  gold. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  265 

celebrated  eastern  traveller  writes,  "  I  bore  for  my  impress  a  blaze  of 
flames,  with  the  Italian  word  of  Tasso,  Men  dolce  si,  ma  non  men 
calde  al  core,  which  impress  I  have  been  wont  to  use  frequently  since 
the  death  of  my  wife,  Sitti  Maani.1  The  work  of  my  clothes  was 
wholly  together  flames ;  only  distinguished  here  and  there  with  tears, 
which  showed  my  grief."2 

Valliere,  Louise  Fkancoise  de  la.  At  the  Carrousel  given  by 
Louis  XIV.,  1662,  in  homage  to  Mademoiselle  de  la  Valliere,  the 
monarch's  device,  alluding  to  La  Valliere,  was  a  half- blown  rose  peeping 
out  from  amidst  its  leaves,  with  the  motto,  from  Tasso,  Quanto  si 
mostra  men,  tanto  e  piu  bella. 

Vasto,  Marchese  di.     See  Avalos. 

Velasco,  Dom  Luis  de.  Tanto  mayor  gloria,  "  So  much  the 
greater  glory,"  in  allusion  to  the  motto  of  the  constables  of  Castile, 
from  whom  he  was  descended,  which  is, 

"  Quanto  mas  Morns, 
Tanto  mayor  gloria.'' 

"  The  move  Moors,  the  greater  glory." 

Visconti.     See  Milan. 

Vitelleschi,  B.  The  columns  of  cloud  and  fire  of  the  Israelites, 
Este  duces,  "  Be  (my)  guides." 

Vulson,  dell  a  Colombiere,  Le  Sieur  (-f-  1658).  See  Medici, 
Cosmo  de',  Grand  Duke. 

1  Pietro  della  Valle  married  a  young  was  interred  in  the  church  of  Aia  Coeli, 

Assyrian    Christian,    who    died   during  where  he  is  also  huried. 
their  travels,  and  he  had  the  body  em-  -  Travels  of  Sig.  Pietro   della  Valle, 

balnied  and  carried  it  to  Rome,  where  it  Lond.  16G5. 


'267 


Part  II.— BADGES. 


"  Every  man  shall  camp  by  liis  standard,  and  under  the  ensign  of  his  father's 

house." — Numbers  ii.  2. 

"  Banner'd  host. 
Under  spread  ensigns  marching." 

Milton. 

"  Behold  tlie  eagles,  lions,  talbots,  bears, 
The  badges  of  your  famous  ancestries." 

Drayton's  Baron's  War. 

"  All  the  devices  blazoned  on  the  shield 
In  their  own  tinct." 

Tennyson,  Idylls  of  the  King. 

"  A  savage  tygress  on  her  helmet  lies  ; 
The  famous  badge  Clorinda  us'd  to  bear." 

Fairfax's  Tasso. 

"Sweet  mercy  is  nobility's  true  badge." 

Shakspeake. 

"  Standards  and  gonfalons  'twixt  van  and  rear 
Stream  in  the  air." 

Milton. 

We  have  already  alluded  to  the  importance  formerly  attached  to 
the  badge  ;  Shakspeare  shows  how  degrading  was  the  being  deprived 
of  it.  Bolingbroke  enumerates  it  in  the  list  of  his  wrongs,  when  he 
tells  King  Richard's  minions — they  have 

"  From  my  own  windows  torn  my  household  coat, 
Baz'd  out  my  impress,  leaving  me  no  sign — 
Save  men's  opinions,  and  my  living  blood — 
To  show  the  world  I  am  a  gentleman." 

King  Richard  II.,  Act  iii.,  sc.  ] . 


268  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

So  general  had  they  become  that  they  were  forbidden  by  Richard  III., 
and  again  by  Henry  VII.1 

It  is  astonishing  that  in  this  age  of  heraldic  stationery,  the 
badges  have  not  come  into  favour.  They  surely  are  more  interesting 
and  more  suitable  for  decorating  writing-paper  than  the  tortured 
monograms  of  the  present  time.2 

Abergavenny.     See  Neville. 

Abingdon,  Lord.     See  Bertte. 

Appleyard.     An  apple. 

Arbuthnot,  of  Fiddes.  A  peacock  passant ;  motto,  Tarn  interna 
quam  externa,  "  Beautiful  both  within3  and  without." 

Argyll,  Duke.  A  galley  or  lymphad,  with  its  sails  furled,  flag 
and  pennants  flying,  for  the  Lordship  of  Lorn. 

The  same  badge  as  Lords  of  Lorn  is  also  borne  by  the  Marquis  of 
Breadalbane,  the  Duke  of  Abercorn  (for  Earl  of  Arran),  and  also  the 
McDonalds,  on  whose  monuments  at  Iona  it  repeatedly  occurs. 

Armstrong.4  An  arm  embowed  in  armour,  grasping  a  sword  proper. 

Their  original  name  of  Fairbairn  was  changed  to  Armstrong  on 
the  following  occasion.  An  ancient  king  of  Scotland,  having  his  horse 
killed  under  him  in  battle,  was  immediately  remounted  by  his  armour- 
bearer  Fairbairn,  who  seized  him  by  the  thigh  and  placed  him  on  his 
own  horse.  To  perpetuate  the  circumstance,  the  king  rewarded  him 
with  lands,  and  gave  him  the  name  of  Armstrong,  assigning  him  for 
crest  an  armed  hand  and  arm,  in  the  hand  a  leg  and  foot  in  armour, 
couped  at  the  thigh,  all  proper. 

1  Proclamation  of  Richard  III.  sent  to  (he  year  1520,  in  the  College  of  Arms 

the  mayor  and    bailiff  of  Northampton.  (published  in  Excerpta  Historica),  also 

It  forbids  the  inhabitants  "to  take   or  with  Sir  Charles  Barker's  heraldic  col- 

receive   any  liveries  or  recognisances  of  lections,  temp.  Henry  VIII.,  Harl.  MS. 

any  person  of  what  estate,  degree,  or  con-  4632  (described  in  '  Collectanea  Top.  and 

dition  soever   he  be  of,"   induced   by  a  Geneal.,'  vol.iii.),  are  the  principal  autho- 

report  that  "great  devastations  and  dis-  rities  for  the  badges  bore  given, 

sensions    had    arisen  in  consequence  of  The  standard  is  generally  divided  into 

oaths,  the  givers  of  signs  and  recogni-  three,  either  horizontally  or  transversely, 

sances  of  time  past."— Harl.  MSS.,  433.  In  the  Centre  is  the  "beast,"  and  in  the 

In  14S4  letters  were  sent  to  the  magis-  other  divisions  the  badge.  They  are 
trates  of  the  chief  towns  in  the  southern  designated  as  A,  B,  and  C. 
counties,  charging  them  not  to  suffer  any  3  Probably  alluding  to  the  fabled  in- 
livery,  signs,  or  recognisances  whatever,  corruptibility  of  the  flesh  of  the  peacock, 
except  the  king's  livery,  to  be  worn  or  which  no' ion  caused  the  bird  to  be  a 
distributed.— Hot.  1'url.  vi.,  238.  type  of  the  resurrection. 

'-'  A  MS.  collection  of  standards  about  '  Burke's  '  Landc  1  Gentry.' 


AND  WAK-CKIES.  269 

Arundel,  Earls  of — by  feudal  tenure  of  Arundel  Castle. 

"  Since  William  rose,  and  Harold  fell, 
There  have  been  Counts  of  Arundel. 
And  Earls  old  Arundel  shall  have, 
While  rivers  flow  and  forests  wave." 

So  runs  the  old  rhyme.  Roger  Montgomery,  who  came  over  with 
William  the  Conqueror,  had  the  grant  of  Arundel,  which  was  forfeited 
to  the  crown  by  the  rebellion  of  his  grandson  in  the  reign  of  Henry  I., 
who  assigned  Arundel  Castle,  with  the  earldom  of  Sussex,  as  dowry  to 
his  widow,  Adeliza,  of  Brabaut.  She  married  William  de  Albini,  of 
the  Strong  Hand,  who  had  distinguished  himself  at  some  jousts  at 
Paris,  where  his  bravery  "  caused  the  Queen  Dowager  of  France  to 
fall  in  love  with  him,  and  to  desire  him  in  marriage ;  but  William 
rejected  her  offers,  alleging  that  he  had  given  his  faith  to  a  lady  in 
England,  which  denial,"  continues  the  historian,  "  the  saide  queen 
tooke  in  evill  part,  and  therefore  practised  to  get  him  into  a  cave  in 
her  garden,  where  she  had  caused  a  lion  to  be  put  to  devoure  him ; 
which,  when  he  saw,  he  fiercely  set  upon  him,  thrusting  his  arme  into 
the  lion's  mouth,  pulling  out  his  tongue,  which  done,  he  conveyed 
himselfe  into  England,  and  performed  his  promise  to  Queen  Adeliza. 
In  token  of  which  noble  and  valiant  act,  this  William  assumed  to  beare 
for  his  armes  a  lion  gold  in  a  field  gueules,  which  his  successors  have 
ever  since  continued."1 

The  title  of  Earl  of  Arundel  passed  at  the  death  of  the  fifth  of  the 
Albinis  to  his  nephew,  the  eon  of  his  sister  and  John  Fitzalan. 
Richard,  third  Earl  of  the  Fitzalans,  is  described  in  the  Roll  of 
Karlaverok2  with  the  family  cognisance  : 

"  Richard  le  Conte  de  Aroundel, 
Beau  chivalier  et  Lien  ame, 
I  vi  je  richement  arme, 
En  rouge  au  lyon  i  ainpant  de  or.'' 

"Richard,  the  Earl  of  Arundel, 

A  well-beloved  and  handsome  knight, 
In  crimson  surcoat  marked  I  well, 
With  gold  of  rampant  lion  dight." 


1  Burke. 
2  An  old  heraldic  French  poem,  which       in  1300,  in  his  expedition  to  Scotland, 
recites  the  names  of   the  knigbts  and      when  he  laid  siege  to  the  Castle  of  Kai- 
bnrons  who  accompanied  King  Edward  I.       lavcrok,  Dumfries. 


270 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


The  Fitzalan  badges1  are — 

1.  A  white  horse  holding  in  his  mouth  a  sprig  of  oak. 

2.  The  same  galloping  before  an  oak-tree  fruited  or  (Fig.  178). 


Fig.  178.— Arundel. 


3.  A  chapcau  or  and  gules,  surmounted  by  a  fret2  or,  and  an  acorn 
leaved,  vert  (Fig.  179). 


Fig.  179. — Arundel. 

4.  An  oak-leaf  and  acorn  proper  charged  with  a  fret  or. 

An  acorn  is  given  as  the  badge  of  Sir  John  Arundel,  time  of 
Edward  IV.3 

In  the  sepulchral  chapel  in  Arundel  Castle  the  Countess  of  Arundel 
wears  round  her  neck  a  splendid  necklace  of  roses  and  suns,  alternately 
connected  by  clusters  of  oak-leaves.4 

On  the  standard  of  William,  Earl  of  Arundel,  time  of  Henry  VJII., 
is  the  galloping  horse  (Fig.  178),  with  oak-branches,  surmounted  by  the 
Maltravers  fret,  motto,  "  Cause  me  oblige ;"  and  in  a  portrait  of  Henry, 
last  of  the  Fitzalan   earls  (died  1580),  belonging  to  the  Duke  of 

1  Dallaway,  '  History  of  Sussex.' 

2  The  fret  is  derived  from  the  marriage  the  principal  nobility  in  the  reign  of 
of  the  third  earl  with  the  sister  and  heiress  Edward  IV.,  from  a  contemporary  MS.  in 
of  Lord  Maltravers.  the  College  of  Arms. 

3  In  a  list  of  badges  borne  by  some  of  4  Blore's  'Monumental  Remains.' 


AND  WAK-CRIES.  271 

Devonshire,1  he  is  represented  on  horseback,  with  a  branch  of  oak-leaves 
and  acorns  on  his  horse's  head,  and  acorns  are  intermixed  among  the 
red  plumes  of  his  helmet. 

The  other  Fitzalan  mottoes  are — "  My  truste  ys,"  which 
appears  with  the  badge  (Fig.  179)  as  that  of  William,  Earl  of 
Arundel,  who  died  in  1543,  and  Virtutis  laus  actio,  "Action  the 
glory  of  bravery." 

A  capital  A  within  a  roundlet,  or  rundel  (Fig.  180),  was  used  for 
his  name  by  Thomas,  Earl  of  Arundel.  /"XX 

The  swallow,  hirondelle,  is  the  punning  cognisance  for    (   /\   ] 

Arundel.     The  seal  of  the  town  of  Arundel  is  a  swallow    \ / 

(Fig.  181).    Baron  Arundel,  of  Wardour,  bears  six  swallows     Fig'  18°- 
for  his  arms,  and  a  swallow  on  the  wing  is  in  one  of  the  windows  of 
the  Collegiate  Chapel  at  Arundel. 

"  The  great  Arundels  " — as  they  were  called  on 
account  of  their  wealth — of  Lhanheron,  Cornwall, 
have  as  mottoes,  De  Hirundine,  "  Concerning  the 
swallow,"  and  Nulli  preeda,  "A  prey  to  none;" 
and  a  Latin  poem  of  the  twelfth  century  is   thus 

i  J  Fig.  181. — bealoftue 

rendered —  town  of  Amr-aa. 

"  Swift  as  the  swallow,  whence  his  arms'  device 
And  his  own  name  are  took,  enrag'd  he  flies 
Thro'  gazing  troops,  the  wonder  of  tlie  field, 
And  sticks  his  lance  in  William's  glittering  shield." 

William  Brito. 

Swallows  are  on  the  standard  of  "  Mayster  Arundyll,"  temp. 
Henry  VIII. ,  with  the  motto,  Faietes  le  ligerement. 

By  the  marriage  of  Mary,  heiress  of  the  Fitzalans,  to  Thomas 
Howard,  the  ill-fated  Duke  of  Norfolk,  the  Fitzalan  badges  passed 
into  the  house  of  Norfolk.  The  monument  of  the  Lady  Mary,  with 
that  of  the  duke's  second  wife,  is  in  Framlingham  Church,  Suffolk. 
Their  effigies  lie  side  by  side ;  the  head  of  the  Lady  Mary  rests  on  a 
couchant  horse. 

Askew.  On  the  standard  of  Mayster  Assecu2  is  an  ass's  head  and 
three  lion's  jambs,  erased  or,  B  and  C  one  jamb. 

Astley,  Agnew.     A  cinquefoil  ermine,  their  arms. 

1  In  an  Exhibition  of  National  Portraits  at  the  South  Kensington  Museum. 

2  Badges,  temp.  Edward  IV.     MS.  Coll.  of  Arms. 


272  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Sir  John  de  Astley  had  for  badge  a  cinquefoil  ermine.  This 
knight,  famous  for  his  duel  on  horseback  with  Peter  de  Massei,  a 
Frenchman,  fought  at  Paris  before  Charles  VII.  Sir  John  having 
pierced  his  antagonist  through  the  head,  had  the  helmet  of  the 
vanquished  to  present  to  his  lady.  He  afterwards  encountered  a 
knight  of  Aragon,  Sir  Philip  Boyle,  at  Smithfield,  in  presence  of 
King  Henry  VI.,  after  which  he  was  knighted  and  pensioned,  and 
subsequently  elected  a  Knight  of  the  Garter.1 

Aubernoun,  Sir  John  D\  On  the  brass  of  Sir  John  d'Aubernoun, 
St.  Mary's,  Stoke  Dabernon,  Surrey,  1277,  the  earliest  brass  of  knights 
extant,2  and  the  only  one  of  the  time  of  King  Edward  I.,  he  is 
represented  not  cross-legged  but  in  complete  mail,  the  hauberk  or  shirt 
reaching  nearly  to  the  knees,  and  having  a  hood  or  coif,  and  long 
sleeves  terminating  in  mufflers ;  above,  the  surcoat.  The  ornament 
on  the  guige:!  of  his  shield  is  alternately  a  rose  and  the  mystic  fylfot. 
This  remarkable  symbol  (Fig.  182),  called  Gam- 
madion,  from  its  being  a  combination  of  the  Greek 
letter  gamma,  four  times  repeated,  is  frequently 
introduced  in  the  vestments  of  the  Greek  Church. 
It  was  used  as  a  symbol  in  India  and  China4  in 
the  tenth  century,  and  with  us  was  in  more  j:>eculiar 
Fig.  182.— Fylfot.       use  ^0  jjie  thirteenth  and  fourteenth,  when  it  forms 

a  frequent  ornament  in  ecclesiastical  apparel.  It  adorns  the  mitre 
of  Thomas  a  liecket,  preserved  in  the  cathedral  at  Sens;  is  on 
the  effigy  of  Bishop  Edindon  at  Winchester,  and  examples  are  also  to 
be  seen  at  Chartham,  Kent,  where  the  orphrey  of  the  cope  of  Eobert 
Arthur,  priest,  1454,  is  ornamented  alternately  with  quatrefoils  and 
fylfots,  and  also  the  amice  of  Abbot  Stoke,  145 1 ,  at  St.  Alban's  Abbey. 
Audley,  Baron.  First  in  fame  among  those  who  bore  the  title 
of  Audley  was  James  Audley,  the  hero  of  Poitiers  : 

':  Then  Audley,  most  reuuwn'd  amongst  (hose  valiant  powers, 
That  Willi  the  Prince  of  Wales  at  conquer'd  Poitiers  fought, 
Sue! i  wonders  that  in  arms  before  both  armies  wrought, 
The  first  that  charge!  the  French,  and  all  that  dreadful  day 
Through  still  renewing  worlds  of  danger  made  his  way." 

Dbayton,  Polyolbiou. 


PP 


1  Dugdale.  right  shoulder,  which  attached  the  shield 

*  Waller,  '  Monumental  Brasses.'  above  the  left  arm. 

3  "  Guige"  is  a  strap  passing  over  the  4  'Archaeological  Journal,'  vol.  iii. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


273 


Shirley  also  alludes  to  his  prowess : 

"  Behold 
When  gulliint  Auclley,  like  a  tempest  pours 
Destruction  thro'  the  thickest  ranks  of  foes." 

W.  Shirley,  Edward  the  Slack  Prince. 

Joan,  daughter  and  heiress  of  this  valiant  knight,  married  Sir  John 
Touchet,  and  their  son,  John  Touchet,  was  created  Lord  Audley. 
His  descendants  served  in  the  French  wars  of  Henry  V.  and  VI.,  and 
James,  a  devoted  Lancastrian,  fell  at  the  battle  of  Bloreheath  : 

"  Here  noble  Touchet,  the  Lord  Audley,  dy'd, 
Whose  father  won  him  such  renown  in  France.-' 

Drayton,  Miseries  of  Queen  Margaret. 

The  Audley  badge  was  a  butterfly  (Fig.  183)  derived  from  their 
original  arms — three  butterflies  argent.  These  were 
subsequently  changed  for  a  fret  or,  which,  with  their 
motto,  Je  le  Hens,  are  retained  by  the  present  Lord 
Audley.  The  buttei  fly  is  sculptured  over  the  chapel 
of  Bishop  Audley,1  in  Salisbury  Cathedral,  and  was 
borne  on  his  standard  by  Sir  John  Touchet,  knight, 
in  1520,'2  with  a  moor's  head. 

Barker.  An  heraldic  tiger.  A  tiger's  head  was  the  sign  of 
Christopher  and  Robert  Barker,  Paternoster  Bow,  printers  and  book- 
sellers to  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  publishers  of  the  English  Mer curie, 
the  first  English  newspaper.  They  took  also  the  punning  device  of  a 
man  barking  a  tree. 

Beauchamp.     See  Warwick. 

Bedford,  John,  Duke  of,  brother  of  King  Henry  V.,  and  Eegent 
of  France   during   the   minority  of  his   nephew, 
King  Henry  VI.     "  The  firebrand  to  poor  France," 
as  he  is  styled  by  Drayton.3     He  bore  for  his  badge 
a  golden  root  (Fig.  184). 

In  that  magnificent  work  called  the  Bedford 
Missal,  executed  for  him  in  1425,  and  presented 
by  his  Duchess,  Anne  of  Burgundy,  to  Henry  VI., 
by  order  of  the  duke,  is  a  portrait  of  the  duke,  and 


Fig.  183.— Audley. 


Fig.  184— Bedford 
(fiom  the  Bedford  Missal). 


1  Edmund,  Bishop  of  Rochester,  1480 ; 
Hereford,  1492 ;  and  Salisbury,  1492  to 
1524. 

-  Also  in  Harl.  MS.  4C32,  and  a  MS. 


in  Lambeth  Palace  gives  a  butterfly  as 
the   badge  of  the  same  John  Touchet, 
then  Lord  Audley,  1559. 
3  '  Polyolbion.' 

T 


'274:  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

behind,  his  banner,  seme  of  golden  roots,  with  his  motto,  A  vous 

entier.    That  of  his  duchess  was,  J' en  suis  contente. 

In  a  satirical  poem  published  about  1449,  in  which  the  leading 

persons  of  the  time  are  designated  by  their  badges,  Bedford's  death  is 

thus  referred  to  : 

"  The  Rote  is  dead." 

This  badge  is  termed  by  the  French  heralds,  Le  racine  de  Bedfort. 

Beaumont.     An  ass's  head. 

Bedingfield,  of  Oxborough,  Norfolk.  Badge,  a  fetterlock, 
granted  to  the  Burke  family  by  Edward  IV. 

Berkeley.  The  manor  of  Berkeley,  one  of  the  largest  in  the 
kingdom,  includes  the  fishery  of  the  Severn,  and  the  lords  of  Berkeley 
hold  the  exclusive  right  of  the  salmon  fishery.  In  the  Church  of 
St.  Mary,  Wotton-under-Edge,  in  Gloucestershire,  is  a  plain  altar 
tomb,  upon  which  are  the  brass  figures  of  Thomas,  fifth  Lord  Berkeley, 
and  his  wife.1  He  was  one  of  those  appointed  to  pronounce  the 
sentence  of  deposition  upon  Kichard  II.  His  feet  repose  upon  a  lion, 
and  over  his  mailed  tippet  or  camail  he  wears  a  collar  of  mermaids 
(Fig.  185),  denoting  his  maritime  jurisdiction  ;  or,  may  be,  this  cogni- 


Kig.  185. — Berkeley. 


sance  is  derived  from  the  "  Mermaids  of  the  See,"  a  device  to  which 
Edward  the  Black  Prince  refers  in  his  will,  and  may  indicate  his 
attachment  to  that  prince. 

The  seal  of  the  Lord  of  Berkeley,  in  the  time  of  Edward  III., 
bears  his  arms  with  a  merman. 

Bertie.     A  battering  ram  (Fig.  186).     The  arms  of  Bertie,  Earl 


Fig.  J86. —  Bertie. 

of  Abingdon,  are  three  battering  rams,  with  the  motto,  Virtus  ariete 
fortior,  "  Virtue  is  stronger  than  a  battering  ram." 

1  '  Manual  of  Monumental  Brasses.'     Oxford,  1848. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  275 

Blount.  A  wolf,  &c.s  between  four  eyes  encircled  with  rays 
argent.     B  and  C  three  eyes.     Motto,  Pour  par  venir. 

The  sun  in  his  glory  and  therein  an  eye,  is  the  present  crest  of  the 
Bishop  of  London. 

The  Blunt  family  were  so  named  ("blond  ")  from  their  yellow  hair. 
The  family,  says  Camden,  is  "noble  and  ancient,  and  the  branches 
thereof  far  spread." 

Bohun,  Earls  of  Hereford,  Earls  of  Essex,  Earls  of  Northampton, 
and  High  Constables  of  England,  adopted  the  Mandeville  (see)  badge  of 
the  swan,  which  they  inherited  by  the  marriage  of  Maud  Mandeville, 
heiress  of  her  brothers,  to  Henry  de  Bohun,  Earl  of  Hereford.  It  is 
to  be  found  on  the  seal  of  Humphrey  de  Bohun  (-j-  1298)  to  the  letter 
from  the  barons  of  England  to  Pope  Boniface  VIII.  in  1 301.  Two  small 
shields  with  the  Bohun  arms  are  suspended  from  the  back  of  a  swan. 

His  son  Humphrey  (-J-  1321)  leaves  to  his  eldest  son  "an  entire 
bed  of  green,  powdered  with  white  swans"  ("  un  lit  entier  de  vert, 
poudre  de  cynes  blaunches  ').1 

On  the  seal,  and  also  on  the  tomb  in  St.  Edmund's  Chapel,  West- 
minster Abbey,  of  his  great-granddaughter  Eleanor  Bohun,  Duches3 
of  Gloucester,  sister  to  Henry  IV.'s  first  wife,  we  find  the  swan ;  and 
in  Eleanor's  will,  she  bequeaths  to  her  son  Humphrey,  "  a  p- alter,  richly 
illuminated,  with  clasps  of  gold,  enamelled  with  white  swans"  ("  un 
psaultier,  bien  et  richement  enlumine,  ove  les  claspes  d'or  enamailes 
ove  cignes  blank  ")  ;  and  to  her  daughter  Joan,  "  Un  lit  petit  par  un 
closel  de  blanc  tertaryn  balas  ove  lyonns  et  cignes." 

The  seal  of  Thomas  of  Gloucester  has  the  ground  a  diaper  of 
ostrich-feathers  and  swans,  and  in  his  inventory  are  "  xvij  tapites  et 
Banquets  de  vert  poudres  de  cygnes." 

Humphrey  Planf agenet,  the  "  good  Duke  "  of  Gloucester,  Lord 
Protector  of  Henry  VI.,  who  was  murdered  at  the  instigation  of  the 
Queen  and  the  Duke  of  Suffolk,  and  buried  in  St.  Alban's  Abbey 
(-j-  1447),  is  designated  in  the  satirical  poem  before  quoted  by  his 
family  badge,  "  The  Swanne  U  goon." 

Bolton.     The  rebus  of 

"Prior  Bolton, 
With  his  bolt  and  tun." 

Ben  Jonson,  New  Inn. 


1  'Royal  and  Noble  Wills,'  181.  182. 


276 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


Fig.  187. 
Boltun. 


A  ton,  or  tun,  pierced  by  a  bird-bolt"  (Fig.  187),  is  in  the  church  of 
Great  St.  Bartholomew,  Srnithfield,  of  which  he  -was  the 
last  prior.1  This  style  of  rebus  seems  to  have  found 
favour  with  ecclesiastics.  In  Winchester  Cathedral  we 
find  for  Prior  Thomas  Hunton  (1470-78)  a  capital  T, 
Hun.,  and  a  ton,  and  in  another  place  a  hen  sitting 
upon  a  ton  or  barrel.  In  the  same  cathedral  a  musical 
note  called  "  long  "  and  a  ton,  represent  Bishop 
Langton.  Also,  at  Winchester,  Prior  Silkstede  has  a 
skein  of  silk. 

Borough,  or  Burgh,  Sir  Thomas  de.    The  arming  of  an  arm  and 
gauntlet. 

Bothwell.     See  Hepburn. 

Botreadx.  A  toad,  armes  parlantes,  "  hottreau,"  French,  toad. 
This  barony  passed  by  marriage  to  the  Lords  of  Hungerford,  and 
subsequently  to  those  of  Hastings.  The  present  Marquis  of  Hastings 
is  Baron  Botreaux,  and  bears  the  three  toads  on  his  escutcheon. 
Boscastle,  in  Cornwall,  was  once  a  baronial  castle  of  the  Norman  de 
Botreaux.  When  the  church  was  built,  the  Lord  de  Botreaux  ordered 
from  London  a  peal  of  bells  to  be  sent  by  sea.  The  vessel  arrived 
safely  off  Boscastle  at  a  time  when  the  bells  of  Tintagel  were  swinging. 
The  sound  of  the  chimes  of  his  native  village  was  welcome  to  the 
pilot,  who  piously  thanked  God  he  should  be  safe  ashore  that  evening. 
"  Thank  the  ship  and  the  canvas ;  thank  God  ashore,"  exclaimed  the 
captain.  "  Nay,"  said  the  pilot,  "  we  should  thank  God  at  sea  as  well 
as  at  land."  "  Not  so,"  said  the  captain.  The  pilot 
rejoined  and  the  captain  grew  choleric.  Meantime  a 
storm  arose,  drove  the  ship  on  the  coast,  where  she 
foundered,  and  all  on  board  perished  save  the  pilot. 
JDuring  the  storm  the  clang  of  the  bells  was  distinctly 
heard,  and  to  this  day  these  solemn  sounds  are  still 
heard  during  the  storms  which  so  frequently  assail 
the  coast.2 

Bottrell.    A  quiver  sable  filled  with  silver  arrows 
(Fig.  188). 
The  badge  of  this  family  is  the  well-known  "Bour- 


Fig.  188  .-Bottrell. 


Bourchier. 


1  He  died  4th  of  Edward  VI. 
'  The  Silent  Tower  of  Botreaux,'  Sir  Richard  H.  HaAvker. 


AND  WAE-CEIES. 


277 


chier  knot"  (Fig.  189),  to  which  also  is  added  the  water  bouget  derived 
from  their  arms. 


Fig.  189.— Bourchier. 


In  the  magnificent  monument  of  Archbishop  Bourchier,1  erected 
by  himself  in  Canterbury  Cathedral,  the  family  knot  is  scattered  over 
the  whole,  combined  with  the  water  bouget,  as  in  Fig.  190.2 

On  that  in  the  chapel  of  St.  Edmund,  Westminster 
Abbey,  to  the  memory  of  his  nephew,  Humphrey, 
eldest  son  of  the  first  Lord  Berners,  there  are  three 
shields  on  each  side  of  the  brass  figure  (which  is 
gone),  the  guige  or  belt  of  Bourchier  knots  formed 
of  straps,  one  distinguished  from  the  other  by  being 
studded ;  to  both  ends  are  buckles. 

The  "Bowser"  Chapel  at  Little  Easton,  Essex, 
the  burial-place  of  the  Bourchier,  now  of  the  May- 
nard  family,  is  ornamented  with  the  Bourchier  knot, 
together  with  the  fetterlock  of  the  house  of  York,  to  Fig.  190. 
whom  the  family  were  steady  adherents.  In  the 
church  is  a  bell,  called  Bowser's  bell,  inscribed 
with  the  knot,  and  having  inserted  a  silver  coin  of  King  Edward  IV. 
This  bell  is  said  to  have  been  the  gift  of  a  Countess  of  Essex. 

Among  other  costly  monuments  is  that  of  Henry  Bourchier 
(brother  to  the  Archbishop,  Earl  of  Eu  and  Essex,  1483).  The  red 
lambrequin,  or  mantling,  of  his  helm,  instead  of  the  customary  lining 


Monument 
of  Archbishop  Bour- 
chier. 


1  Thomas  Bourchier,  second  son  of 
"William  Bourchier,  Earl  of  Eu,  in  Nor- 
mandy. "  He  was,"  says  Weaver,  "  pre- 
ferred to  the  Bishopric  of  Worcester, 
from  whence  he  was  translated  to  Ely, 
and  lastly  enthroned  in  this  chair-  of 
Canterbury,  where  he  sat  thirty  years, 
and  lived  after  the  time  of  his  first  con- 
secration fifty-one  years.    I  find  not  that 


ever  an  Englishman  continued  so  long  a 
bishop,  or  that  any  archbishop,  either 
before  or  after  him,  in  800  years,  enjoyed 
that  place  so  long.  And  to  add  more 
honour  to  his  grace,  and  money  to  his 
purse,  he  was  about  two  years  Lord 
Chancellor  of  England,  and  Cardinal  of 
S.  Ciiiaci,  in  Thermes.  He  died  in  1486." 
— '  Funeral  Monuments.' 


2  Cough's  'Sepulchral  Monuments.' 


278 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


of  ermine,  is  seniee  of  small,  water  bougets  j1  and  in  the  satirical  poem 
before  quoted,  he  is  alluded  to  by  the  same  badge : 

"  The  Water  Bowge  and  the  Wyne  Botele,2 
With  the  Vetteilochs  cheyne  ben  fast." 

John  Berners,  second  Lord  Bourchier,  son  of  Humphrey,  was 
eminent  for  his  learning,  and  by  command  of 
Henry  VIII.  he  translated  the  'Chronicles'  of  Sir 
John  Froissart  into  English.  His  badge  was  the 
branch  of  a  knotty  tree  entwined  info  the  Bour- 
chier knot  (Fig.  191).  It  appears  on  his  standard, 
with  his  motto,  Bien  je  espoyre. 

His  kinsman  and  contemporary,  Jobn  Bour- 
chier, Lord  Fitzwarin,  bore  for  his  badge  a  pavache, 
or  tilting-shield,  with  the  guige  tied  in  the  Bour- 
chier knot. 

Drayton  thus  eulogises  Bourchier  of  Poitiers  fame  : 


Fig.  191.— Berners,  Lord 
Bourchier. 


"With  these  our  Beauchamps  may  our  Bourchiers  reckon'd  he. 
Of  which  that  valiant  lord,  most  famous  in  those  days, 
That  hazarded  in  France  so  many  dangerous  frays, 
Whose  blnde  in  all  the  fights  betwixt  the  French  and  us, 
Like  to  a  blazing  star  was  ever  ominous." — rohjolhion. 

Bowen.     A  knot  forming  four  loops,  or  bows  (Fig.  192),  a  rebus 
of  the  name  Bow-en. 


Fig.  1U2. — 13owen  Knot. 

i 

Bowes,  Sir  George,  Knight-Marshal  of  Queen  Elizabeth  during 
that  great  rebellion  of  the  Earls  of  Northumberland  and  Westmoreland, 
called  "  the  Rising  of  the  North."  He  bore  on  his  seal  the  customary 
badge  of  his  house,  a  sheaf  of  sharpened  arrows,  with  the  motto,  Sans 
variance  ierme  de  ma  vie.      This  cognisance  is  introduced  in  the 


1  The  stall  plate  of  his  brother  John, 
Lord  Berners,  K.G.,  in  St.  George's 
Chapel,  Windsor,  exhibits  his  mantling 


seme'  alternately  with  water  bougets  and 
Bourchier  knots. 
2  Badge  of  Vere,  Fail  of  Oxford. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


279 


window-curtains  of  the  modern  castle  of  Streatlam,  county  Durham, 
seat  of  the  elder  branch  of  the  family.  It  dates  from  the  time  of 
William  the  Conqueror,  who  placed  in  a  castle  belonging  to  the  Earl 
of  Brittany,  in  that  division  of  Yorkshire  called  Richmondshire,  a 
knight  with  five  hundred  archers  to  defend  it  against  the  insurgents 
of  Cumberland  and  Westmoreland,  who  were  in  league  with  the  Scots. 
William  gave  him,  for  device  upon  his  standard,  the  arms  of  Brittany, 
with  three  bows  and  a  bundle  of  arrows,  whence  the  castle  and  its 
commander  derive  their  name.1 

Brackenbury.     Among  the  metrical  legends  of  the  county  of 
Durham  is  this  distich  : 

"  The  black  lion  under  the  oaken  tree, 
Makes  llie  Saxons  to  fight  and  the  Normans  to  flee;" 

which  Sir  Cuthbert  Sharp  explains  by  the  Brackenbury  device,  a 
green  tree,  under  which  is  a  couchant  lion.  Motto,  Sans  reculer 
jamais"2  (Fig.  193). 


Fig.  193.— Brackenbury. 

Bray.     The  badge  of  the  Bray  family  is  a  hackle  or  hemp-breaker 
(Fig.  194),  formerly  used  for  breaking  the  stalks 
of  hemp — Bray,  from  the  French,  broyer,  to  break, 
bruise,  or  pound.     The  hempbreak  is  still  the 
crest  of  the  family. 

Sir  Reginald  Bray,  K.Gr.,  and  for  one  year 
Lord  Treasurer,  was  in  the  service  of  Margaret, 
Countes3  of  Richmond,  and  by  her  was  confiden- 
tially employed  in  the  negotiations  which  led  to 
the  accession  of  her  son.  It  was  Sir  Reginald 
who  found  the  crown  in  a  hawthorn-bush  on  the  field  of  Bosworth, 

1  Sharp's  '  Memorials  of  the  Rebellion.' 
2  Flower's  '  Visitation  of  the  County  Palatine  of  Durham,'  1575. 


Fig.  194.— Bray. 


280  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

and  gave  it  to  Lord  Stanley,  who  placed  it  on  the  head  of  the 
victorious  Henry,  in  memory  of  which  he  afterwards  bore  it  as  a 
crest.  A  thornbush,  with  a  crown  in  the  midst,  is  to  be  seen  in 
the  hall-window  of  Stene,  Northamptonshire,  one  of  the  forfeited 
estates  of  Lord  Lovel  granted  to  Lord  Bray.1  Sir  Reginald  laid 
the  first  stone  of  King  Henry  VII. 's  Chapel  at  Westminster, 
1502-1503,  and  died  the  same  year.  He  desired  to  be  buried  in 
the  Chapel  of  St.  George,  Windsor,  which  he  had  "  new  made  with 
that  intent,  and  also  in  honour  of  Almighty  God."  That  St.  George's 
Chapel  owes  much  to  Sir  Reginald  there  can  be  little  doubt.  His 
arms,  his  device  of  the  flax-breaker,  the  initials  of  his  name  and 
that  of  his  wife,  in  so  many  parts  of  the  ceiling  and  windows,  could 
not  have  been  placed  there  without  a  more  than  ordinary  claim  to 
distinction.2 

In  the  remains  of  stained  glass  in  Shere  Church,  Surrey,  is  the 
bray  or  hemp-breaker  of  Sir  Reginald. 

The  badge  is  on  the  standard  of  his  son,  who  was  created  Lord 
Bray,  with  the  motto,  Seray  come  a  Dieu  plaira. 

Brook,  Sir  Edward,  the  first  Lord  Cobham  of  tLat  name,  the 
last  Baron  having  been  Sir  John  Oldcastle,  the  Lollard  martyr.  He 
was  a  firm  Yorkist,  and  fought  at  St.  Alban's  and  Northampton. 
He  bore  a  black  Saracen's  head.  See  the  Cobham  monuments  at 
Cobham,  Kent. 

Brook,  Thomas,  Lord  Cobham,  who  was  present  at  the  taking  of 
Tournay  by  Henry  VIII.  has  the  same  badge.  His  motto,  Je  me  fie 
en  Dieu. 

The  ancient  families  of  Brooke  and  Grey  both  assumed  the 
badger :  an  animal  known  provincially  by  the  name  of  "  brock  "  or 
"  grey,"  and,  with  the  fox,  regarded  equally  as  an  object  of  sport  :3 
"  To  hunt  by  day  the  fox,  by  night  the  gray." 

Bryan.  A  bugle  horn.  In  the  church  of  St.  Peter's,  Seal,  Kent, 
is  the  brass  of  Sir  William  de  Bnene  (-(-1395).  His  head  rests 
upon  a  tilting  helmet,  having  on  its  crest  a  bugle  horn.  This  is  one 
of  the  Northumberland  badges  the  family  derive  by  marriage. 

Bullen,  Sir  Thomas,  K.G.  Viscount  Rochford,  Earl  of  Ormond, 
created  Earl  of  Wiltshire  by  King  Henry  VIII.  (  +  1538),  father  of 

1  Brydgcs'  'History  of  Northampton.'  2  Burke's  '  Landed  Gentry.' 

:)  Moule,  'Heraldry  of  Fishes.' 


AND  WAR-CKIES.  281 

Queen  Anne  Bullen,  and  maternal  grandfather  to  Queen  Elizabeth. 
He  was  sent  ambassador  to  the  Pope,  whose  foot  he  absolutely  refused 
to  kiss. 

At  St.  Peter's  Church,  Hever,  Kent,  is  his  brass  monument — a 
large,  armed  figure.  He  is  attired  in  the  full  insignia  of  the  Order 
of  the  Garter1 — mantle,  star,  garter,  and  collar  of  garters,  each  of  them 
surrounding  a  red  rose.  Beneath  his  head  is  his  tilting  helmet, 
with  the  assumed  crest  of  Ormonds,  a  demi-falcon  volant  ar.  issuing 
from  a  mound  vert,  which  has  descended  from  the  Ormonds  as  a 
badge  of  the  Bullens2  (see  England,  Queen  Anne  Bullen).  His  feet 
rest  upon  a  male  griffin,  also  derived  from  the  Ormond  descent.  A 
bull's  head  sable,  couped  and  armed  gules,  was  also  used  as  a  badge. 

Blickling  was  the  country  seat  of  Sir  Geoffrey  Bullen,  Lord 
Mayor  of  London  in  1458,  and  son  of  Sir  William  Bullen  of  Blickling, 
Norfolk,  grandfather  of  Sir  Thomas,  who  resided  there  with  his 
daughter  Anne,  and  where  later  Queen  Elizabeth  was  a  guest.  It 
was  also  visited  by  Charles  II.  and  his  queen. 

li  BlicMiug  two  monarchs  and  two  queens  has  seeu. 
One  king  fetch'd  thence,  another  brought,  a  queen." 

Burdett.  Sir  John  Burdett,  of  Bromcote,  Warwick.  Or ;  crest, 
a  lion's  head  sable,  with  four  pansies  slipped.     B  and  C,  pansies. 

Burgh.  A  black  dragon,  which  was  subsequently  used  by 
Edward  IV.,  in  token  of  his  descent.3 

Buteller — Butler.  A  covered  cup  argent,  in  allusion  to  the 
office.     A  boar's  head. 

Byrche.     A  squirrel  sejant. 

Byron  (Beroun).  A  mermaid  argent,  crined  and  finned  or,  holding 
in  the  left  hand  a  comb,  in  the  right  a  mirror,  both  of  the  last. 

Calthorpe.     A  caltraps  or. 

Capell,  Sir  Gyles  de,  Stebbing,  Essex.  An  anchor  erect  gules, 
bezdnty  the  ring  or,  between  two  jessamine  slips  proper.  B  one, 
C  three,  jessamine  slips.     Motto,  "  Pour  entre  tenir." 

1  Among    the     monumental     brasses  1483,  Little  Easton,  Esses,  who  lias  also 

there    only    remnin    four    examples    of  the  mantle,  and  Sir  T.  Bullen,  who  has 

Knights  of  the  Order  of  the  Garter  :  Sir  the  full  insignia. 

Simon  de  Felbrigge,+  1413,  at  Felbrigg,  2  Walter's  'Monumental  Brasses.' 

Norfolk,     and     Sir     Thomas     Camoys,  3  Willemenfs    '  Heraldic    Notices    of 

Trotton,   Sussex,  who   wear  the   garter  Canterbury   Cathedral,'    London,    1827, 

simply  ;  Henry  Bourchier,  Earl  of  Essex,  passim. 


2S2  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Care.  A  buck's  head  couped,  argent,  &c,  between  four  columbines 
slipped  and  leaved  or,  flowered  azure  and  argent.  B  and  C  columbines. 

Carew,  Sir  John,  Kt.  A  or  and  sable.  Carew  crest  of  demi  lion, 
set  round  with  spears  between  four  spears  bendways  headed  azure. 
B,  C,  and  D  two  spears  bendways.     E  four  chevrons. 

Sir  William  Caiew,  Kt.  de  Devon.  On  a  wreath  a  demi-lion  issuant 
from  the  round  top  of  a  ship,  and  two  falcons  collared  and  jessed  gules, 
bells  on  the  neck  and  legs  or.  B,  falcon  and  round  top  of  a  ship ; 
C  ditto  between  two  round  tops.  Felix  quy  poterit,  "  Happy  who  can." 

Chamberlain,  Sir  Raffe.  An  ass's  head  erased  argent,  ducally 
gorged  or  (present  crest). 

Banff,  Chamberlain  of  Ryngston,  in  Cambridgeshire.  G  and  purp. 
An  ass's  head,  as  above.     "  En  acroacis  sunt  vostra." 

Sir  Robert  Chamberleyn.     A  friar's  girdle,  azure.1 

Chenie.  The  upper  part  of  a  rose  gules,  seeded  or,  barbed  vert, 
therefrom  the  rays  of  the  sun  issuing  downwards,  or. 

Cholmondeley.  Chambley.2  A  close  helmet  in  profile  argent, 
garnished  or.  The  present  arms  are  two  helmets  in  chief.  Motto, 
Cassis  tutissima  virtus,  "  Virtue  (or  valour)  is  the  safest  helmet." 

Sir  Rych  Cholmondeley.  A  helmet,  &c,  four  birds  rising  or,  the 
inside  of  the  wings  sable.     B  and  C  one  bird.     Be  cueur  entier. 

Clarke,  John  de  Qtjarendon.  A  bird  holding  an  ear  of  corn. 
"  Bee  advised." 

Clifford.     An  annulet.     This  badge  (Fig.  195)  occurs  on  the 


Fig.  195.— Clifford. 

standard  of  Henry,  thirteenth  Lord  Clifford, — 

"  Clifford,  whom  no  danger  yet  could  dure" 

(Dkayton's  Miseries  of  Queen  Margaret), 

son  of  that  fierce  Lancastrian  who  commanded  at  Wakefield  and  fell  at 
1  Badges,  Edward  IV.     MS.  College  of  Arms.  -  Ibid. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


'283 


Towton.1  Henry,  then  only  ten  years  of  age,  was  concealed  by  his 
mother  at  a  farm,  in  the  garb  of  a  shepherd,  that  he  might  escape  the 
vengeance  of  the  house  of  York,  to  whom  the  memory  of  "  that  cruel 
child-killer "  was  so  hateful  after  the  murder  of  young  Kutland. 
Henry  Clifford  lived  in  retirement  until  the  age  of  thirty-two,  when, 
on  the  accession  of  King  Henry  VII.,  he  was  restored  to  his  titles  and 
estates. 

Clinton.  A  mullet  pierced,2  gold  (Fig.  196).  This  badge  is 
still  borne,  with  the  Pelham  buckle,  by  the  Duke  of  Newcastle ;  also, 
a  greyhound.3 


Fig.  196.— Clinton. 


Fig.  197. — Compton. 


Cobham.     See  Brook. 

Compton.  A  fire  beacon  (Fig.  197).  The  present  crest  of  the 
Eirl  of  Northampton. 

Constable.  Sir  Marmaduke  Constable  had  for  badge  on  his 
standard,  1520,  an  anchor  erect  or,  ringed  at  the  crown,  and  charged 
with  a  crescent  sable.     Motto,  Soies  ferine. 

Conyers.  Sir  William  Conyers,  summoned,  1509,  as  Baron 
Conyers.  He  distinguished  himself  at  Flodden  Field.  His  standard 
is  semee  of  two  badges,  the  first  two  wings  in  lure  gules,  tied  by  a 
cord  azure ;  the  other,  a  cross  crosslet  gules,  the  device  a  lion  passant 
azure.     Motto,  TJng  Dieu,  ung  roy. 

In  another  list  of  standards  Lord  Conyers  is  argent.  A  lion  passant 
azure,  the  whole  banner  semee  of  cross  crosslets  gules,  and  a  pair  of 
wings  gules,  addorsed  and  connected  by  a  knot  azure.  TJng  Dieu, 
ung  roy. 

Lord  Conyers  bore  a  garb,  and  also  a  trefoil  argent. 

1  Clifford  says  to  King  Henry  — 

"  King  Henry,  be  thy  title  right  or  wrong, 
Lord  Clifford  vows  to  fight  in  tby  defence. 
May  that  ground  gupe,  and  swallow  me  alive, 
Where  I  shall  leneel  to  him  that  slew  my  father  '" 

King  Henry  VI.,  3rd  Part,  Act  1.  sc.  1. 
=  Badges,  temp.  Edward  IV. 

•  Bagford  MS.  on  the  Art  of  Printing,  Hail.  MS.,  5910. 


284  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Besides  the  manor  of  Sockburn,  near  Darlington,  in  Durham, 
which  they  hold  by  a  singular  tenure,  the  manors  of  Hornby,  in 
Yorkshire,  and  Charlton,  Kent,  were  also  held  by  this  ancient  family. 

Sir  John  Conyers  is  recorded  to  have  slain  a  venomous  wyvern, 
which  was  the  terror  of  the  country  round,  and  to  have  been  requited 
by  a  royal  gift  of  the  Manor  of  Sockburn,  to  be  held  by  the  service  of 
presenting  a  falchion  to  each  Bishop  of  Durham  on  his  first  entrance 
into  the  Palatinate.  In  compliance  of  which  tenure  when  each  new 
Bishop  of  Durham  first  enters  his  diocese,  the  Lord  of  Sockburn, 
meeting  him  in  the  middle  of  Neashamford  or  Croft  Bridge,  presented 
him  with  a  falchion,  addressing  him  in  these  words :  "  My  Lord  Bishop, 
I  here  present  you  with  the  falchion  wherewith  the  Champion  Conyers 
slew  the  worm,  dragon,  or  fiery  flying  serpent.  It  destroyed  man, 
woman,  and  child ;  in  memory  of  which,  the  king  then  reigning  gave 
him  the  Manor  of  Sockburn,  to  hold  by  this  tenure,  that,  upon  the 
first  entrance  of  any  bishop  into  the  county,  this  falchion  should  be 
presented."  The  bishop  returns  it,  wishing  the  Lord  of  Sockburn 
health  and  long  enjoyment  of  the  manor.1 

Conyngham,  Cuningham.  A  shake  fork.  Motto,  "  Over  fork 
over."  Crest  of  the  present  Marquis  of  Conyngham,  but  the  device 
occurs  in  seals  of  the  family  in  1500.2 

Cooke,  John,  of  Gedehall,  Essex.  Unicorns  and  boars.  Motto, 
"  Bee  contented." 

Copinger.  An  arm  embowed,  vested  gules,  holding  in  the  hand 
a  brush  gules,  garnished  or. 

Cossyn  de  Londrys.  On  a  ground  a  cubit  arm  erect,  habited  or, 
charged  with  two  chevrons  azure,  cuff  argent,  hand  proper,  grasping 
a  bunch  of  filberts  or,  h  aved  vert,  between  two  mounts  vert,  on  each 
a  columbine  azure,  and  leaping  thereout  a  coney  sable.  B  and  C  on 
each  a  mount  vert,  and  thereon  as  before.  Ne  trop  ne  inoins.  The 
antiquity  of  this  family  is  proved  by  the  proverbial  distich — 

"  Croker,  Crewys,  and  Copplestone, 
When  the  Conqueror  came  were  at  home." 

Corbet.  A  corbeau  standing  on  a  tree  occurs  on  seals  of  the 
twelfth  century  ;  and  the  device  of  the  raven  was  afterwards  adopted  by 
several  members  of  the  Corbet  family,  both  in  England  and  Scotland.3 

1  LongstaftVs  'History  of  Darlington,'       sions  from  ancient  Scottish  Seals.'    Henry 
quoted  in  Burke's  '  Vicissitudes.'  Laing.     Edinburgh,  1S50. 

-  Descriptive   '  Catalogue   of   Impros-  3  Ibid. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  285 

Cornewall.     A  Cornish  chough  proper. 

Sir  Thomas  Cornewall,  knight.  Argent,  a  lion  passant,  gules 
ducally  crowned,  and  semee  of  bezants  or,  between  four  Cornish  choughs 
proper,  ducally  collared  or. 

Courtenay.  A  dolphin,  one  of  the  ensigns  of  the  Greek  empire 
on  the  Byzantine  coins,  was  assumed  by  the  Courtenays,  in  reference 
to  the  "  purple  of  three  emperors." 

The  Courtenays,  Earls  of  Devon,  used  a  grey  boar  as  their  badge  ; 
and,  in  the  satirical  verses,  circ.  1449,  already  quoted,  the  lines — 

"  The  boar  is  far  in  the  west 
That  should  us  helpe  with  shield  and  spere," 

apply  to  Thomas,  fifth  Earl  of  Devon,  who,  with  his  two  brothers, 
lost  his  life  in  the  Lancastrian  cause. 

The  arms  of  Peter  Courtenay,  Bishop  of  Exeter  and  Winchester, 
environed  by  three  dolphins,  are  sculptured  on  a  chimneypiece  in  the 
bishop's  palace  at  Exeter.  It  was  to  this  bishop  and  his  brother 
that  Shakspeare  refers,  when  the  messenger  announces  to  King 
Bichaid  III.— 

,( My  gracious  sovereign,  now  in  Devonshire, 
As  I  by  friends  nm  well  advertised. 
Sir  Edward  Courtenay  and  the  haughty  prelate, 
Bishop  of  Exeter,  his  ehler  bro'her, 
With  many  more  confederates,  are  in  arms." 

King  Richard  III.,  Act  iv.,  sc.  4. 

The  standard  of  Sir  William  Courtenay,  of  Powderham  Castle  — 
a  possession  they  have  held  since  1377 — has  a  boar,  and  dolphins 
embowed  of  silver.     Motto,  Passes  Men  devant. 

Hugh,  third  Earl  of  Devon,  married  Margaret  Bohun.  Their 
monument  is  in  Exeter  Cathedral.  Her  feet  repose  on  a  swan,  the 
badge  of  her  family.  He  was  father  to  Edward,  the  "  blind  good 
earl,"  whose  monument  was  at  Tiverton,  until  that  church  was 
destroyed  in  the  Parliamentary  wars,  with  this  inscription — 

"  Hoe,  hoe  !  who  lies  here? 
I,  the  goode  Erie  of  Devenshire, 
With  Maud,  my  wyfe,  to  mee  full  dero, 
We  lyved  togeather  fyfty-fyve  yere. 

What  wee  gave,  wee  have ; 

What  wee  spent,  wee  had  ; 

What  wee  lefte,  wee  loste." 


286 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


Fig.  19H. 
Cromwell. 

CURZON. 


The  idea  is  similar  to  an  epitaph  given  by  Gough  as  on  a  brass 
at  St.  Alban's,  in  Latin  and  English — 

"  Lo,  all  that  ever  I  spent,  that  sometime  had  I ; 
All  that  I  gave  in  good  intent,  that  now  have  I; 
That  I  never  gave,  nor  lent,  that  now  had  I ; 
That  I  kept  till  I  went,  that  lost  I." 

Courtenay,    Sir   Perse,    temp.    Edward    IV.,  bore    for    badge 
St.  Anthony's  cross  azure. 

Courtenay,  Henry,  Marquis  of  Exeter.  See  Exeter. 
Cromwell.  A  silver  purse,  tasselled  and  buttoned  gold,  was 
taken  for  his  badge  by  Ralph,  Lord  Cromwell,  Lord 
High  Treasurer  from  1434  to  1444,  in  allusion  to  his 
office.  At  Tattershall  Castle,  Lincoln,  the  stately  edifice 
he  built,  on  the  ground-floor,  is  a  carved  stone  chimney- 
piece,1  ornamented  alternately  with  his  arms  and  treasury 
purses  (Fig.  198),  with  his  motto,  Nay  je  droit.2  The 
pelican  is  a  Cromwell  bearing. 

A  cockatrice,  wings  elevated,  tail  nowed,  and  ending  in 
a  dragon's  head,  is  the  badge  on  the  standard  of 
Eobert,  Lord  Curzon,  in  1520.  Fig.  199  is  given 
by  Edmon stone  as  the  ancient  badge  of  the  family. 

Dacre.  This  family  derives  its  name  and  arms 
from  a  Crusader  ancestor,  who  distinguished  himself 
at  the  siege  of  Acre.  Their  badge,  an  escallop'* 
united  by  a  knot  to  a  ragged  staff  (Fig.  200),  indicates 
their  office  of  hereditary  foresters  of  Cumberland. 
There  have  been  two  Barons  Dacre,  called  North 
and  South.  The  North  is  Dacre  of  Gilsland,  in  Cumberland,  merged 
into  the  Earldom  of  Carlisle  ;  the  other  Dacre  of  Essex,  now  a  barony, 
derived  from  Joan,  heiress  of  the  Barons  Dacre,  who  married  Sir  Richard 
Fynes,  of  Hurst,  Sussex,  in  1145,  who  was  received  as  Baron  Dacre. 

1  A  piaster  cast  of  this  chimneypiece  is  in  the  South  Kensington  Museum. 
-  Sander's  '  History  of  Lincoln.' 
3  Gules,  three  escallops,  argent. 

■'  Give  me  my  scallopshell  of  quiet, 
My  staff  of  faith  to  walk  upon  ; 
My  scrip  of  joy,  immortal  diet, 
My  bottle  of  salvation." 

Sin  W.  Raleigh. 
"  Your  crest,  my  father's  pride, 
That  swept  the  s-hores  of  Judah's  sea, 
And  waved  in  gales  of  Galilee." 

Lay  of  the  Last  Mimtrel. 


Fig.  199.— Curzon. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  287 

The  banner  of  Thomas,  second  lord  Dacre,  of  Gillesland,  Warden 
of  the  West  Marshes,  who  distinguished  himself  at  Flodden  Field,  is 
given  thus : 

Le  Seigneur  Dacre  de  Gilslande,  chevalier  de  la 
tres  noble  ordre  de  la  Jarretiere,  Lieut,  des  Marshes 
vers  Escosse,  fort  en  loyaute.  Four  stripes,  or,  and 
azure.  A,  a  bull  passant  gules,  ducally  gorged,  un- 
guled,  and  collared  or,  with  the  badge  of  Dacre  four 
times  repeated — viz.,  an  escallop  argent,  and  a  staff 
raguly,  also  argent  connected  by  the   Dacre  knot, 

i  i_>         3   r\  I.    J  Fig.  200.— Diicre. 

gules.     ±>  and  (J  same  badge. 

He  married  Elizabeth,  third  daughter  and  sole  heiress  of  Kalph  de 
Greystock,  Baron  Greystock,  K.G. 

The  Lord  Dacre  Fynnys  of  the  South  :  A  wolf-dog  statant  argent, 
collar  spiked,  chain  with  a  log  at  the  end,  or,  between  four  coronets  of 
the  last  issuing  from  each,  a  wyvern  azure,  one  and  two  wyverns,  De 
moy  nul  mot  sy  rayson  neve  velt. 

The  Lord  Dacre  Fynnys  of  the  South :  A  bull,  saltire  gules, 
ducally  gorged,  and  chevron  or,  armed,  and  unguled  of  the  last 
between  four  repetitions  of  the  ciphers  T  and  D,  connected  by  the 
Dacre  knot,  all  or,  C  and  D,  in  each,  the  cipher  twice  repeated  as 
before. 

Fiennes,  Lord  Dacre  :  A  griffin's  head,  erased  gules,  holding  in  its 
beak  an  annulet  or. 

The  above  standards  were  those  of  Thomas  Fines,  Baron  Dacres  of 
the  South,  "who  was  executed,"  says  Weever,  "  at  Tyburn,  in  1541, 
for  that  he,  with  others,  going  to  hunt  in  Master  Pelham's  park,  in 
Laughton,  in  Sussex,  and  meeting  with  some  company  casually  by  the 
way,  with  whom  and  his  confederates  ensued  a  quarrel,  in  which  a 
private  man  was  slain  by  the  said  lord  or  some  of  his  associates  (all 
three  executed  for  the  same  fact).  The  death  of  this  lord  was  generally 
lamented,  being  an  hopeful  gentleman  of  twenty-four  years.  This 
happened  in  that  year  when  Henry  VIII.  unsheathed  his  sword  upon 
the  necks  of  the  nobility."  l 

The  Dacre  badge  is  over  the  arms  of  William  de  Dacre,  temp. 
Edward  III.2 

1  Weever's  '  Funeral  Monuments. 

-  'Fragments  relative  to  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster,'  Matthew  Gregson.     London, 
1817. 


288  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Dance.     A  horse's  head,  gules,  bezantee,  bridled  or. 
Danet.     A  greyhound's  head. 

D'Arcy.  Sir  Thomas  D'Arcy,  created  a  baron  in  1509,  and  K.G., 
having  joined  in  Ask's  rebellion,  called  "  the  Pilgrimage  of  Grace," 
was  accused  of  delivering  up  Pontefract  Castle  to  the  rebels,  and 
was  convicted  of  high  treason,  and  beheaded  on  Tower  Hill  in 
1538.  His  standard  was,  vert,  an  heraldic  tiger  argent,  in  the  dexter 
lower  corner  three-parts  of  a  broken  spear,  or,  the  point  erect,  and 
two-parts  of  the  staff  in  saltire ;  a  buck's  head,  couped  at  the  neck, 
ermine. 

Darce.     A  reindeer's  head,  couped  ermine,  armed  or. 
Darcy,  Monto,  at  Maldon,  Essex.     The  broken  spear  is  the  crest 
of  Darcey,  county  Galway. 

Darell,  Sir  Edward  de  Lytyllcott,  Wylts.  B  and  C  a  lion's 
head,  erased  or,  ducally  crowned  or. 

Datjbeney.  Henry,  Lord  Daubeney,  created,  1538,  Earl  of 
Bridgewater,  bore  as  badge  two  bats'  wings  addorsed 
sable,  tied  by  a  cord  or  (Fig.  201). 

De  la  Warre.  The  crampit,  or  chape,  is  the 
metal  termination,  or  ornament,  at  the  end  of  a 
scabbard,  which  prevents  the  point  of  the  sword 
from  protruding.  This  is  still  borne  by  the  Earl 
de  la  Warr,1  the  lineal  descendant  of  Sir  Koger  la 
Warr,  to  whom  the  badge  was  first  granted.  Sir  Roger 
shared  in  the  glory  of  Poitiers,  in  which  battle 
Fig.  2oi.-Daubeney      j^  King  of  Francej  and  the  Dauphin,  were  taken 

prisoners.  Much  contention  arose  as  to  whom  belonged  the  honour  of 
his  capture,  for  the  French  king  defended  himself  with  great  valour,  till 
the  pressure  upon  him  became  so  great  that  those  who  knew  him  called 
out,  ".Sire,  surrender,  or  you  are  dead !"  Whereupon  he  yielded,  according 
to  Froissart,  to  Sir  Dennis  Morbeck,  a  knight  of  Artois,  in  the  English 
service :  but  being  forced  from  that  captain,  more  than  ten  knights  and 
esquires  claimed  the  honour  of  taking  the  royal  prisoner.  Among 
these  the  pretensions  of  Sir  Koger  la  Warr  and  Sir  John  Pelham 
having  been  acknowledged  the  strongest,  the  former  had,  in  com- 
memoration of  so  valiant  an  exploit,  the  chape,  or  crampit,  of  the 

1  De   la  Warre.     A  crampit  or,   the      or,  charged   with   the   letter  It    of  the 
inside  per  pale  azure  and  gules,  rimmed       first. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


289 


king's  sword  (Fig.  202),  and  Sir  John  Pelham  the  buckle  of  a  belt,  as 
a  memorial  of  the  same  achievement. 


Fig.  202.— De  la  Warre. 


The  standard  of  Lord  La  ware  Alphyn,  in  1520,  is  semee  of  crampits, 
and  the  badge  is  introduced  in  the  wainscot  carvings  of  Halnaker 
House,  Sussex,  founded  by  Sir  Thomas  West,  who  married  Elizabeth 
Bonville,  temp.  Henry  VIII. 

The  Tudor  rose  (Fig.  203)  is  also  borne  as  a  badge  by  Lord  De  la 
Warre. 


Fig.  203.— De  la  Warre. 

On  the  sinister  side  of  his  crest  Lord  De  la  Warre  bears  a  rose  per 
pale  argent  and  gules,  from  Mortimer  of  Wigmore,  Earl  of  March, 
whose  arms  he  quarters,  and  whose  descent  from  Edward  III.  allied 
them  to  both  the  white  and  red  roses,  and  they  were,  indeed,  heirs  to 
the  crown. 

Delve.     A  dolphin  embowed  azure. 

Denham.     A  hart's  head  caboshed.1 

Denley.    A  mullet,  pierced  or. 

Dennan.  Or,  three  columns  argent,  capitals  and  bases  or,  two 
arches  of  the  first. 

From  the  family  of  Arches,  whose  arms  were  quartered  with 
Dynhani. 

1  Sir  George  Mackenzie,  Harl.  MS.,  88. 


290 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


Denny.  Two  arches  supported  on  columns  argent  (Fig.  204), 
their  bases  or,  was  the  badge  of  Sir  Anthony  Denny,  Groom  of  the 
Stole  to  Henry  VIII.,  the  only  individual  among 
the  courtiers  who  had  the  courage  to  apprise  his 
royal  master  of  his  approaching  death.  Henry  so 
highly  esteemed  Sir  Anthony,  that  he  was  allowed  to 
perform  his  task  with  impunity.  The  king  presented 
him  with  a  pair  of  gloves  richly  worked  with  pearls, 
and  appointed  him  one  of  his  executors  and  counsellors 
Henry  Howard,  Earl  of  Surrey,  wrote  an  epitaph 


Fig.  204.— Denny, 

to  Prince  Edward 
to  his  memory  : 


"  Death  and  the  King  did,  as  it  were,  contend 

Which  of  them  two  bare  Denny  greatest  love  : 

The  King,  to  show  his  love,  gan  farre  extend, 

Did  him  advance  his  betters  farre  above : 

Nere  place,  much  wealth,  great  honours  eke  him  gave, 
To  make  it  known  what  power  great  princes  have. 

"  But  when  Death  came  with  his  triumphant  gift, 
From  worldly  carke  he  quit  his  wearied  ghost, 
Free  from  the  corpes,  and  straight  to  heaven  it  lift. 
Now  deme  that  can  who  did  for  Denny  most ; 
The  King  gave  wealth,  but  fading  and  unsure  ; 
Death  brought  him  blisse  that  ever  shall  endure." 

Dering,  of  Surrenden,  Dering,  Kent.  The  father  of  Richard 
Dering,  a  monk,  gave  to  Canterbury  Cathedral,  according  to  AVeever, 
"  the  hangings  of  rich  and  faire  cloth  of  Arras  which  adorn  the  quire, 
at  the  request  of  his  son,  who  was  one  of  the  adherents  of  Elizabeth 
Barton,  the  Holy  Maid  of  Kent,  who,  according  to  his  monkish  herald, 
hath  figured  in  the  borders,  his  rebns  or  name  devices,  a  deer  and  a 
ring,  instead  of  arms." 

Devereux,  Baron  Ferrers,  of  Chartley,  Viscount 
Hereford. 

On  the  stall  plate,  as  Knight  of  the  Garter,  of  Sir 
Walter  Devereux,  Lord  Ferrers,  created  Viscount 
Hereford  by  Edward  VI.,  great  grandfather  of  the 
unfortunate  favourite  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  are  two 
badges,  the  horse-shoe  of  the  Ferrers,  and  the  "  French 
wife's  hood  "(Fig.  205),  with  the  motto, Loydlle  suijs. 
The  latter  occurs  as  early  as  Edward  IV.,  and  both 
badges  are  on  the  banner  of  Lord  Ferrers  in  1520- 
The  horse- shoes  are  on  the  great  bay-window  of  the  hall  at  Chartley 


Fig.  205 — Devereux. 


AN!}  WAR-CRIES.  291 

Castle,  "Warwickshire,  founded  by  Lord  Hereford,  with  his  initials, 
W.  D.,  and  motto ;  and  on  the  chimneypiece  at  Tamworth  Castle, 
Staffordshire,  with  the  motto,  Only  one.1 

Digby.     An  ostrich  or,  in  his  beak,  a  horse-shoe  gules. 

Mayster  Dygby.  Azure,  an  ostrich  argent,  beaked,  membered,  and 
vorant  a  horse-shoe  or,  with  three  ciphers  of  J.  D.  connected  by  a  knot 
gules.     As  God  he  plesid. 

Digby.     A  fleur-de-lis  argent. 

Docra,  Thomas,  Lord  Prior  of  St.  John's,  commonly  called  Master 
of  the  Knights  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem ;  sat  in  Parliament  as  premier 
Baron. 

Froissart  calls  the  Prior  of  St.  John's  "  Le  grand  Priour  d'Angle- 
terre  du  Temple." 

Lord  Thomas  Docwra,  Lord  of  St.  John's.  A  demi-lion  rampant, 
double  quened,  on  dexter  paw  a  plate  charged  with  a  pale  gules,  with 
gules  d'or  holding  a  plate  as  before,  three  wreaths,  on  each  a  lion's  paw, 
B  and  C  two  lion's  paws  erased,  sable,  holding  a  plate,  as  in  the  crest, 
charge,  with  a  pale  gules.     Saneboro. 

Dodsley,  Mr.,  Dean  of  the  king's  chapel  (temp.  Edward  IV.).  A 
grate  silver. 

Dorset.     See  Grey. 

Douglas. 

"The  blodye  liarte  in  the  Dowglas  armes 
Hys  standere  stood  on  bye, 
That  every  man  niyght  fule  well  knowe ; 
By  side  stode  starres  three." 

Battle  of  Otterboume  (written  cir.  Henry  VI.). 

"  The  bloody  heart  blazed  in  the  van, 
Announcing  Douglas'  dreaded  men." 

Sir  W.  Scott. 

King  Eobert  Bruce  had  vowed  to  go  to  the  Crusades,  but  finding 
himself  on  his  deathbed  (1329),  he  said, "  Since  my  body  cannot  accom- 
plish what  my  heart  wishes,  I  will  send  my  heart  instead  of  my  body 
to  fulfil  my  vows."  He  requested  Sir  James  Douglas  to  undertake 
the  task,  and  he  accordingly  set  out  with  the  heart  in  a  silver  casket, 
which  he  wore  attached  to  a  cord  of  gold  and  silk.  Landing  at 
Valencia,  in  Spain,  Alfonso,  King  of  Aragon,  begged  his  assistance 
against  the  Moors  of  Granada.     In  the  Battle  of  Salado,  Sir  James 

1  Pennant,  'Journey  to  Chester.' 

u  2 


292  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

fought  by  the  side  of  the  Spaniards ;  the  tide  of  victory  turned  against 
the  Christians,  and  being  surrounded  by  the  enemy,  Sir  James,  in  his 
deep  despair,  taking  the  casket  from  his  neck,  he  threw  it  before  him, 
saying,  "  Now  pass  thou  onward  as  thou  wert  wont,  and  Douglas  will 
follow  thee  or  die."  Surrounded  by  numbers,  Sir  James  was  slain, 
and  his  body  found  lying  close  to  the  silver  case,  to  which  he 
clung  till  death.1 

The  Bruce's  heart  was  picked  up  by  a  fellow  soldier,  Sir  Simon 
Lockhard,  who  took  it  back  to  Scotland,  where  it  was  interred  beneath 
the  high  altar  in  Melrose  Abbey.  He  changed  his  name  to  Lock- 
heart,  and  bore  upon  his  shield  a  man's  heart  with  a  padlock  upon 
it,  in  memorial  of  the  royal  heart  he  had  charge  of  to  its  native 
country.2 

Drummond,  Earl  of  Perth.  The  field  of  his  standard,  sernee  of 
caltrops.     Motto,  Gang  warily. 

Dundas.     A  salamander.3 

Dunstable,  Sir  Eichard.     Temp.  Edward  IV.     A  white  cock. 

Dymoke.  Mayster  Dymmocke.  Two  swords  sheathed  erect,  point 
downwards,  garnished,  or,  pommel  and  hilt  of  the  last,  with  four 
wreaths,  on  each  a  pair  of  hares'  ears.  B  a  like  sword  between  two 
pairs  of  ears,  C  two  swords  and  two  pairs  of  ears. 

Scrivelsby  was  granted  by  William  the  Conqueror  to  Bobert  de 
Marmion,  to  be  held  by  performing  the  office  of  king's  champion.  At 
the  coronation  of  Edward  III.,  Sir  J.  Dymoke  performed  it  as  Lord  of 
Scrivelsby.4 

Edgecombe.  Sir  Percy  Edgecombe.  Demi  stag,  &c,  with  three 
boars'  heads 5  couped  and  erect  argent,  armed  or,  each  issuing  from  a 
laurel  wreath  vert.  B  and  C  the  boars'  heads.  Au  plaisir  fort  de 
Dieu.     The  same  for  Edgecombe  in  H.  MS.,  4632. 

Egerton.     A  pheon,  the  point  upwards,  sable. 

Mayster  Bauffe  Egerton  de  Bydley,  Cheshire.  On  a  wreath,  a 
lion's  jamb,  &c,  with  five  pheons  azure,  each  charged  with  a  crescent, 
B  and  C  in  each,  two  pheons.     Fin  f aid  tout. 

Essex,  Earls.     See  Mandeville. 

1  Argent  a  heart  imperially  crowned  4  Present  crest,  sword  erect  argent, 
proper,  on  a  chief  azure  three  mullets  of  hilt  and  pommel  or,  two,  lions,  three,  scalp 
the  field.  of  a  hare,  ears  erect  proper. 

2  '  Enshrined  hearts.'  Emily  Sophia  s  Monnt-Edgcumbe,  Earl  of.  Present 
Hartshorne.     London,  1861.  arms,  gules,  on  a  bend  an  ermine  cottised 

3  Sir  George  Mackenzie,  Hail.  MS.,  88.  or,  three  boars'  heads  couped  argent. 


AND  WAR- OKIES.  293 

Exeter.     Henry  Courtenay,  Earl  of  Devon,  created  Marquis  of 
Exeter  by  Henry  VIII.,  but  afterwards  beheaded.     His 
badge   was   a   fagot   or   bundle   of    sticks,    banded,  or 
(Fig.  206). 

Fauconberg,  William  Neville,  Lord,  youngest 
son  of  Ralph,  fifth  Earl  of  Westmoreland,  took  a 
leading  part  in  the  French  wars,  commanded  the  van 
of  King  Edward  IV.'s  army  at  Towton,  was  created 
Earl  of  Kent,  and  filled  the  office  of  Lord  High  ^7206 
Admiral.  Courtenay- 

"  Stern  Falconbridge  commands  the  narrow  seas." 

King  Henry  VI,  3rd  Part,  Act  iv.  sc.  1. 

Being  sent  ambassador  to  France  to  treat  for  peace,  he  was  perfidiously 
seized  and  detained.     Shakspeare  enumerates  him  among  the  prisoners  : 

"  The  thrice  victorious  Lord  of  Falconbridge, 
Knight  of  the  noble  Order  of  St.  George, 
Worthy  Saint  Michael  and  the  Golden  Fleece  ; 
Great  mareschal  to  Henry  the  Sixth, 
Of  all  his  wars  within  the  realm  of  France." 

King  Henry  VI,  1st  Part,  Act  iv.,  sc.  7. 

His  cognisance  was  a  fishhook,  which  is  noted  in  the  contemporary 
poem  before  quoted, 

"  The  fischer  hath  lost  his  hangulhook, 
Gete  theym  again  when  it  woll  be" 

{Satirical  Verses'), 

when  alluding  to  his  captivity  in  France,  1447.     Among  other  crests 
of  knights  (Lansd.  MS.  870),  is  "  The  fysshe  hoke." 

Fenwick.  A  phcenix.  Motto,  Perit  ut  vivat,  "  It  perishes  that 
it  may  live  again."  Sir  John  de  Fenwicke  having  served  his  master, 
Henry  V.,  in  the  wars  with  France,  the  king  granted  him  the  lordship 
of  Trouble  Ville,  in  Normandy,  with  permission  to  bear  for  his  motto, 
A  Tous  Jours  loyal.  See  War  Cries.  There  is  the  Phoenix  mn  at 
Morpeth,  and  in  a  ballad  of  the  seventeenth  century  the  Fenwicks 
are  designated  by  their  badge  : 

"  Out  upon  thee  Withrington, 
And  fie  upon  thee  Phoenix, 
Thou  hast  put  down  the  doughty  one 
That  stole  the  sheep  from  Amoix." 

Ballad,  circ.  1610. 


294  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Ferrers.    A  horse-shoe  (Fig.  207).1    Both  name,  arms,  and  badge 
are  said  to  commemorate  Henry  de  Ferrariis,  who  came  over  with  the 
Conqueror  in  the  capacity  of  chief  farrier. 

Speed,  in  his  '  Theatre  of  Great  Britain,'  says,  "  The 
famihe  of  the  Ferrers  were  first  seated  in  Rutlandshire, 
as,  besides  the  credit  of  writers,  the  horse-shoe,  whose 
badge  it  was,  doth  witnesse ;  wherein  the  castle,  and  now 
Fig  2o7.-FeiTers.  the  shire  hall,  right  over  the  seat  of  the  judge,  a  horse- 
shoe of  iron,  curiously  wrought,  containing  five  foote  and 
a  halfe  in  length,  and  the  breadth  thereto  proportionably  is  fixed." 

A  horse  shoe  enclosing  a  nail-head  is  on  the  seal  of  Margaret 
Ferrour,  and  a  hammer  and  horse-shoe  on  that  of  Alice  Ferrour.2 

Among  other  good  wishes  enumerated  by  Dr.  Barton  Holiday  in 
his  '  Marriage  of  the  Arts,'  1610,  is,  "  May  the  horse-shoe  never  be 
pulled  from  your  threshhold," — i.e.,  "  May  your  good  fortune  never  fail 
you." 

A  horse-shoe  is  the  trade  mark  of  Meux's  brewery.  The  charm 
in  the  horse-shoe  consists  in  its  presenting  two  points, — any  forked 
object  has  equally  the  power  of  driving  away  witches. 

Ferrers  of  Groby,  county  Leicester,  Barons.  William,  brother  of 
the  last  Earl  of  Derby,  obtained,  by  gift  of  his  mother  (daughter  and 
co-heir  of  Roger  de  Quinci,  Earl  of  Winchester),  the  manor  of  Groby, 
and  assumed  the  Quinci  arms.  Gules  seven,  mascles  voided  or.  Her 
son  was  made  Baron  Ferrers  of  Groby. 

Ferrys,  Sir  Edward,  Knight.  Vert,  an  unicorn  ermine,  charged 
on  the  shoulder  with  a  crescent  sable,  between  six  mascles  or,  B  and  C 
two  mascles. 

Finch.  Sir  William  Fynche  de  Ikylsham,  Sussex.  Red.  A  finch 
vert,  wings  elevated  and  expanded  or,  standing  on  a  thistle  slipped 
proper.     Je  responderay . 

Fitzgerald.  Thomas  Fitzgerald,  father  of  John,  first  Earl  of 
Kildare,  was  nicknamed  Thomas  an  Appogh,  or  the  monkey  earl.  He 
was  only  nine  months  old  when  his  father  and  grandfather  were  killed 
at  Callan,  in  Desmond,  by  MacCarthy  (against  whom  they  had  raised  a 
large  army  in  1261),  and  being  nursed  at  Tralee,  the  nurses  who 
attended  him,  in  their  first  consternation  on  receiving  the  news  of  the 

1  Arras  of  Ferrers,  Earls  of  Derby,  argent  six  horse-shoes,  sable,  pierced,  or,  three, 
two  and  one.  -  Laine;'s  '  Scottish  Seals.' 


AND  WAE-CEIES.  295 

disaster,  ran  out  of  the  house  and  left  the  child  alone  in  the  cradle,  when 
a  baboon  or  ape,  kept  in  the  family,  took  it  up  and  carried  it  to  the  top 
of  the  steeple  of  the  abbey  of  Tralee ;  from  whence,  after  carrying  it 
round  the  battlements  and  showing  it  for  some  time,  to  the  surprise 
and  agitation  of  the  spectators,  he  brought  it  down  safe,  and  re-placed 
it  in  the  cradle.  From  this  perilous  circumstance,  he  ever  retained 
the  name  of  the  ape,  and  the  family  adopted  the  animal  for  their  crest 
and  supporters.1 

Fitzlotjis.     A  trefoil  slipped  sable. 

Fitzwarin.     See  Bourchier. 

Fitzroy,  Henry,  Duke  of  Richmond  and  Somerset,  natural  son  of 
King  Henry  VIII.  The  badge  assigned  to  him  was  an  open  rose 
per  fess  gules  and  argent,  seeded  and  slipped  proper ;  from  the  centre 
of  which  is  issuant  a  demi-lion  argent,  gorged  with  a  coronet  and 
chained  or.2     His  tomb  is  in  Framlingham  church,  Suffolk. 

Fitz  Uryan.  Syr  Ees  (Ryce)  ap  Thomas  Fitz  Uryan  is  mentioned 
by  Shakspeare  : 

"  Rice  ap  Thomas,  "with  a  valiant  crew  " 

King  Richard  III.,  Act  iv.,  sc.  5. 

His  standard  was  white.  One  large  and  three  small  ravens  sable, 
standing  on  a  turf  vert.  B  and  C  two  ravens.  Arms,  a  chevron  sable, 
between  three  ravens  proper. 

Fitz  Walter.     See  Ratcllffe. 

Fitzwilliam,  William,  KG-.,  created  (1537)  Earl  of  Southampton. 
The  badge  on  his  standard  is  a  trefoil  with  a  transverse  bar  on  the 
slip,  or.  This  badge  (Fig.  208),  with  the  anchor  he  bore  as  Lord  High 
Admiral,  remains  sculptured  on  the  ceiling  at  Cowdray  House, 
Sussex,  which  he  built.  The  motto  on  his  standard  is,  Lmjal 
et  s  aprouvara.  In  1539,  he  received  the  Lady  Anne  of 
Cleves  at  Calais,  on  which  occasion  he  wore,  suspended  to  h^r 
a  golden  chain,  a  whistle  of  gold  set  with  precious  stones,  Fi|'it^08- 
such  as  was  then  used  by  officers  of  the  highest  rank  in  willi«m- 
communicating  orders.  The  whistle  is  now  only  worn  by  the 
boatswain. 

1  Farrar,  '  History  of  Limeiick.'  Henry  Fitzroy,   Duke  of  Richmond.' — 

2  Camden    Society.     'Inventories    of      J.G.Nichols. 


296 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


•"  The  anchor  argent,  gorged  in  the  arm  with  a  coronet,  a  cable 
through  the  ring,  and  fretted  in  a  true  lover's  knot  with  the  ends 
pendant  or,  is  the  badge  of  the  Lord  Admiral  of  England,  as  he  is 
commander-in-chief  over  all  the  king's  naval  forces,— of  the  fleet  in 
England,  Wales  and  Ireland,  Normandy,  Gascony  and  Aquitaine. 
The  Earl  of  Southampton,  admiral  in  the  reign  of  Henry  YIII.,  used 
the  badge  of  an  anchor ;  so  likewise  did  James  Bothwell,  Duke  of 
Orkney,  hereditary  Lord  High  Admiral  of  Scotland,  1567,  as  his  official 
badge.  Edward  Clinton,  Earl  of  Lincoln,  Lord  High  Admiral  1556  ; 
George  Villiers,  Duke  of  Buckingham,  1619,  used  the  anchor;  and 
James,  Duke  of  York,  brother  to  Charles  II.,  placed  his  arms  on  the 
anchor  enriched  by  a  coronet.     The  Capells  used  it  as  a  badge.1 

Foljambe.  A  man's  leg  couped  at  the  thigh  sable,  spurred  or — 
foul-jambe  (Fig.  209).  On  the  standard  of  Sir 
Godfrey  Folejamb,  of  Walton,  in  the  county  of 
Derby,  1520.  Motto,  Demoures  ferme.  Present 
motto,  Soyez  ferme.  Sir  Godfrey  was  high  sheriff  of 
Derby;  he  directs  in  his  will  that  "his  carcass"  shall 
be  buried  in  the  Chapel  of  St.  George,  at  Chesterfield, 
his  sword  and  helmet,  with  the  crest  and  his  coat 
of  arms,  to  be  hanged  over  his  tomb,  and  there 
remain  for  ever. 

Fortescue.  This  family,  influential  both  in 
England  and  Ireland,  deduces  its  origin  from  Sir 
Bichard  le  Forte,  a  gallant  soldier  in  the  army  of 
the  Conqueror,  who  is  said  to  have  protected  his  royal  master  at  the 
battle  of  Hastings,  by  bearing  a  stout  shield  before  him.  From 
this  circumstance,  the  French  word  "  Escue,"  a  shield,  was  added  to 
the  original  name  of  Forte,  and  thus  gave  Fortescue  ;2  the  punning 
motto,  Forte  scutum  salus  ducum,  "  A  strong  shield  is  a  leader's  safe- 
guard." Mayster  John  Fortescu,  in  the  time  of  Henry  YIII.,  bore  on 
his  standard,  vert,  an  heraldic  tiger  (the  present  crest)  passant  argent, 
maned  and  tufted  or,  with  four  antique  shields,  each  charged  with  the 
word  "  fort,"  and  four  mullets  pierced  sable.  Je  pense  loyalement. 
Fowler,  Sir  Bichard.  An  owl  argent,  ducally  gorged  or. 
Framlingham,  James  de  Debenham,  armiger,  Suffolk.  Bed.  A 
leopard's  head  ;  motto,  Pour  me  aprendre. 


Fig.  209.— Foljambe. 


1  Lower. 


■  Burke,  '  British  Commoners.' 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 
Fynden.     An  ox-yoke,  or  (Fig.  210). 


297 


Fig.  210—  Fynden. 

Describing  the  battle  of  Towton,  Drayton  mentioDS — 

"  Hussey  and  Findern  knights,  bearing  mighty  sway." 

Polyolbion. 

Ganford.     A  greyhound  current  sable,  collared  gules. 

Garnon  of  Canndyshe.  On  a  wreath,  a  wolf's  head  between  nine 
pellets.     B  blade  of  a  scythe  and  four  pellets,  C  semee  of  pellets. 

Gifford  of  Chillington.  Mayster  John  Gyfford  de  Chelyngton, 
Staff.  A  tiger's  head  erased  and  azure,  between  two  stirrups,  or. 
B  two,  B  three,  stirrups.     This  standard  dates  from  Henry  II. 

Sir  John  Gyfford  de  Chelyngton,  Staff.  On  a  wreath  an  archer 
(as  in  present  arms),1  and  two  repetitions  of  ermine,  argent  and  azure, 
a  leopard's  head  guardant  erased  or,  spotted  azure  and  gules  vomiting 
flames  of  the  last.  B  two,  C  three,  leopards'  heads,  Preigns  alaine 
tires  fort.     The  original  grant  of  this  standard  is  in  existence. 

Goldingham.     An  oyster-dredge  (Fig.  211). 


Fig.  211.— Goldingham. 

Goldwell,  Bishop  of  Norwich.      "  His  name-device,  a  golden 
well   or    fountain.      In   the   church   of    Chart    Magna,   Kent,"     is 


1  Gifford  of  Chillington  (Burke). 
Crest — Tiger's  head  couped,  full-faced, 
spotted  various,  flames  issuing  from  his 
mouth  proper;  granted  1513.  A  demi 
archer  bearded  and  couped  at  the  knees, 
in  armour,  proper  from  his  middle,  a 
short  coat  perly  gules.     At  his  middle 


a  quiver  of  arrows,  or,  in  his  hand  a 
bow  and  arrow  drawn  to  the  head  or; 
granted  1523.  ("Prenez  haleme  long 
fort.")  Three  stirrups  with  leathers  or, 
two  and  one  (Chillington).  Three  lions 
passant  argent  (Buckingham). 


298 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


Granville. 


the  altar-tomb  of  William  Goldwell  and  his  wife.  Betwixt  every 
word  of  the  epitaph  is  the  figure  of  a  well,  and  of  James,  Bishop  of 
Norwich,  who  appears  to  have  repaired  the  church.  In  a  window  in 
the  south  chapel  of  the  church  is  a  picture  of  the  Bishop,  and  in  every 
quarry  a  golden  well  or  fountain,  his  rebus,  or  name-device ;  date  1477. 
Graham,  David.  On  the  top  and  each  side  of  the  shield  of  Sir 
John,  Lord  of  Abercorn,  1320,  in  the  seal,  is  a  boar's  head  couped 
erect. 

A.  clarion  or  (Fig.  212),  borne  by  the  family  from 
the  thirteenth  century ;  it  is  also  called  an  organ- 
rest  or  sufflue  ;T  the  earliest  example  is  to  be  found 
in  the  encaustic  tiles  of  Neath  Abbey,  Glamorgan, 
and  in  the  seal  of  that  foundation.  The  Granvilles 
were  Lords  of  Neath.  The  badge  is  probably  a 
rebus  of  the  De  Clairs,2  Earls  of  Gloucester,  Lords 
of  Glamorgan,  under  whom  the  Granvilles  held  the 
Lordship  of  Neath. 

Gresham.  A  grasshopper.  The  vane  of  the 
Eoyal  Exchange  is  surmounted  by  a  grasshopper, 
all  that  was  saved  when  the  building  was  burnt.  A 
grasshopper  was  the  sign  of  Sir  Thomas  Gresham's 
banking-house  in  Lombard  Street.  It  was  a  frequent  sign  among 
grocers,  out  of  compliment  to  Sir  Thomas ;  but  it  was  a  mistake,  for  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Mercers',  not  the  Grocers',  company.  A  grass- 
hopper is  on  the  seals  of  James  Gresham,  dated  1449.  Motto, 
Fortune  amie. 

Pennant  says :  "  The  shop  of  the  great  Sir  Thomas  Gresham 
stood  in  this  (Lombard)  street ;  it  is  now  occupied  by  Messrs.  Martin, 
bankers,  who  are  still  in  possession  of  the  original  sign  of  that  illus- 
trious person — the  grasshopper.  Were  it  mine,  that  honourable 
memorial  of  so  great  a  predecessor  should  certainly  be  placed  in  the 
most  ostentatious  situation  I  could  find." 3 

Grey.  Baron  Grey,  Wilton,  Co.  Hereford.  Crest,  a  falcon 
sitting  upon  a  glove.  He  holds  the  Manor  of  Eaton  by  service  of 
keeping  one  gerfalcon  of  the  king's. 


Fig.  212.— Granville. 


1  The  Granville  arms  are  three  soufflues 
or,  organ  rests  or. 

2  A  French  clarion,  from  Latin  dams, 


clair.     "  Parceqne  le  son  de  clarion  est 
fort  clair." — Landais. 
3  '  Account  of  London.' 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  299 

Grey.  Baron  Grey  of  Codnor,  Co.  Derby.  Henry,  Lord. 
Grey  of  Codnor,  temp.  Edward  IV.,  had  a  tress  passant  through 
a  down  of  gold,  within  the  compass  of  the  tress,  a  grey  (or  badger), 
silver. 

Grey.  Barons  Grey  of  Groby ;  Marquess  of  Dorset ;  Duke  of 
Suffolk. 

Sir  John  Grey,  second  Baron,  but  never  summoned  to  Parliament, 
fell  at  the  battle  of  St.  Alban's,  fighting  on  the  Lancastrian  side.  His 
widow  subsequently  married  King  Edward  IV.,  who  says: 

"  Brother  of  Gloster,  at  St.  Albans'  field 
This  lady's  husband.  Sir  John  Grey,  was  slain, 
His  lands  then  seiz'd  on  by  the  conqueror. 
Her  suit  is  now,  to  repossess  those  lands ; 
Which  we  in  justice  cannot  well  deny, 
Because  in  quarrel  of  the  house  of  York 
This  worthy  gentleman  did  lose  his  life." 

King  Henry  VI.,  3rd  Part,  Act  iii.,  sc.  2. 

And  Gloucester  later  addresses  Queen  Elizabeth  : 

"You,  and  your  husband  Grey, 
Were  factious  for  the  house  of  Lancaster  ; — 
And,  Pavers,  to  were  you  : — was  not  your  husband 
In  Margaret's  battle  at  Saint  Alban's  slain  ?" 

King  Richard  III.,  Act  i.,  sc.  3. 

Sir  John  Grey's  son,  Thomas,  was  created  Marquess  of  Dorset,  E.G., 
1475.     Queen  Margaret  says  to  him  : 

"  Peace,  Master  Marquis,  you  are  malapert ; 
Your  fire-new  stamp  of  honour  is  scarce  current." 

King  Richard  III.,  Act  i.,  sc.  3. 

The  Lord  Marquys  Dorset,  his  son,  commander-in-chief  of  the 
army  in  Spain,  "  that  honest  and  good  man,"  as  Henry  VIII.  styled 
him,  had  for  standard,  argent  and  gules,  an  unicorn  erect  or,  sur- 
rounded by  rays  of  the  sun,  with  three  sprigs  of  pinks,  B  two,  C  six 
pinks.    A  ma  puissance. 

Sir  Thomas  Grey,  temp.  Edward  IV.,  had  for  badge  a  scaling- 
ladder,  silver,  the  present  crest  of  the  Greys. 

Grey.  Cieated  Barons  and  Viscounts  L'Isle,  by  Edward  IV. 
A  silver  lion,  full  faced,  crowned  gold,  armed  azure. 

Grey.     Edmund,  fourth  Lord  Grey  of  liuthyn.     A  ragged  staff 


300  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

in  bend  sable.  He  was  in  high  favour  with  Edward  IV.,  who 
made  him  Lord  Treasurer  of  England,  and  in  1465,  Earl  of 
Kent. 

Greystock.  Barons  Greystock,  Co.  Cumberland.  A  chaplet 
gules  (part  of  their  arms). 

Guildford.  The  trunk  of  a  tree  couped  and  raguled  or,  or  a 
ragged  staff  inflamed  (Fig.  213). 


Fig.  213— Guildford. 

Guldeford  (Sir  Henry  Gulford,  Kt.).  His  standard  is  argent 
and  sable.  Nine1  ragged  staffs  inflamed,  all  charged  with  a  mullet 
sable.     His  motto  was,  Loyalte  na  peur. 

On  the  monument  of  Sir  John  Gage,  1556,  and  his  wife  Philippa, 
daughter  of  Sir  J.  Guldeford,  her  feet  recline  on  a  burning  branch. 

Gulford,  Mayster.     His  motto  was,  Loialment  je  sers. 

That  of  Sir  E.  Gylford,  A  servir  jusques  au  demur. 

"  In  Kent,  my  liege,  the  Guilfords  are  in  arms." 

King  Richard  III.,  Act  iv.,  sc.  4. 

Harleston.  On  a  wreath,  a  buck's  head,  four  ciphers  represent- 
ing a  quatrefoil  voided.     B,  one,  C,  two  ciphers.     Regard  et  sovien. 

Harlwyn,  Sir  John,  temp.  Edward  IV.    A  black 
Saracen's  head,  couped. 

Harrington.  The  Harrington  family  derive  their 
name  from  the  seaport  town  of  Haverington  or 
Herrington,  Cumberland.  From  the  time  of  King 
Edward  III.  they  have  borne  a  fret  argent,  called 
Fig.  2i4.— Harrington,  the  "  Harrington  knot  " — allusive  arms,  intended  to 
represent  a  fishing-net  (Fig.  214).  Motto,  Nodo  firmo,  "  With  a 
firm  knot." 

1  Harl.  MS.,  4G82. 


AND  WAR-CEIES.  301 

John  de  Haryngton,  of  Haverington,  temp.  Edward  III.,  bore 
sable,  a  fret  argent,  called  the  Harrington  knot.1 

Hastings.  The  maunch,  or  sleeve,  of  Hastings  is  of  all  antiquity 
(Fig.  215).  Churchyard,  describing  the  tomb  of  John  de  Hastings,  in 
the  Church  of  St.  Mary,  Abergavenny,  says, 

"  He  was  a  man  of  fame. 
His  shield  of  blacke  he  bares  on  brest, 
A  white  crowe  plain  thereon  ; 
A  ragged  sleeve  in  top,  and  crest, 
All  wrought  in  goodly  stone." 

Worthines  of  Wales. 

And  in  the  '  Siege  of  Caerlaverock,'  John  de  Hastings  is  described  : 

"  Escu  avoit  fort  et  legier 
E  baniere  de  oevre  pareille. 
De  or  fin  o  la  manche  vermeille." 

Drayton,  too,  says : 

"  A  lady's  sleeve  high-spirited  Hastings  bore." 

Baron's  Wars. 

A  black  bull's  head  erased,  about  the  neck  a  golden  crown, 
(Fig.  2 1 6),  is  another  of  the  Hastings  cognisances. 


Tig.  215.— Hastings.  Fig.  216.— Hastings. 

The  Hungerford  badge,  of  a  sickle  and  a  golden  sheaf  connected 
by  a  knot  (Fig.  220),  also  devolved  upon  the  Hastings  family.  When 
the  Hungerford  estates  were  granted  by  King  Edward  IV.  to  "  the 
dangerous,  unsuspected  Hastings,"  to  which  Clarence  refers,  in  '  King 

1  M.  Gregson's    'Fragments    relative       1817.    The  same  fret  is  borne  by  Audley, 
to    the   Duchy  of    Lancaster,'   London,       Vernon,  Maltravers,  and  others. 


302 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


Kichard  III,'  when  he  compliments  Hastings  on  the  patriotic  senti- 
ment that  "  England  is  safe,  if  true  within  herself,"  adding, 

"  For  this  one  speech  Lord  Hastings  well  deserves 
To  have  the  heir  of  (he  Lord  Hungerford." 

King  Henry  YL,  3rd  Part,  Act  iv.,  sc.  1. 

On  the  banner  of  the  Lord  Hastings  (1520)  was  the  bull's  head 
erect,  sable,  ducally  gorged  and  armed  or,  and  three  re- 
presentations  of   the   Hungerford    badge,  a  sickle  erect 
argent,  handle  or,  and  a  garb  of  the  last  connected  by  a 
knot.      B   three   sickles,   interlaced   with   the   badge   as 
before.     C  badge  as  in  A.     Motto,  La  maintiendray. 
A  purse  is  also  another  Hastings  badge. 
To  Sir  Ealph  Hastings,  temp.  Edward  IV.,  is  given  a 
chanfron  silver,  with  three  ostrich  feathers  (Fig.  217). 
Haunsart,    Master  Wyllm    Haunsabt   de,   South 
sir  R-u'b  Hast-  Kelsey  (Lyncoll),  Falcon,  &c.    Three  wreaths  or  and  sable 
ings-  thereon,  three  cubit  arms  erect,  sleeves  per  pale  or  and 

azure,  cuffs  gules,  hands  purpure  holding  a  mullet  argent.     B  one, 
C  two  arms.     Pour  Men  conduyre. 

Heneage.  A  knot  (Fig.  218),  with  the  motto, 
"  Fast,  though  untied,"  is  given  (Harl.  MS., 
No.  5857),  to  Sir  Thomas  Heneage,  Vice-Chan- 
cellor to  Queen  Elizabeth.  From  its  heart  shape, 
and  the  motto,  it  was  probably  a  personal  device. 

Hepburn,  James,  Earl  of  Bothwell,  husband 
to  Queen  Mary  Stuart.     On  his  seal  is  his  shield, 
surmounting    an   anchor,  as  badge   of   his  office 
Fig.  2i8.-Heneage  Knot,    of   Lord   High   Admiral    of    Scotland.       Motto, 
Keif  tryst.1 
Heron.       A  heron's  head  erect,  argent,  ducally  collared  or. 
John  Heron,  Chevalyer  Tresorier  de  la  Chambre  du  Boy.   A  falcon 
preying  on  a  partridge,  &c,  with  three  heron's  heads  erased  argent, 
beaked  and  ducally  gorged  or.     B  one,  and  C  three,  herons'  heads. 

Heydon.      A  talbot's   head   argent,  semee   of  hurts.      Arms,  a 
chevron  between  three  herons  argent. 

Hilerton.     A  dragon's  head  couped  sable. 

Hillersdon,  of  Memlane,  Devon.    On  an  ermine  a  squirrel  sejant, 


cracking  a  nut. 


B  and  C  same. 


Laing. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  303 

Holland,  Duke  of  Exeter  and  Lord  High  Admiral  of  England, 
KG-.  (-)-  1446),  is  designated  in  the  satirical  verses  before  quoted  by 
his  badge  in  the  last  capacity  : 

"  The  firy  Cressett  hath  lost  its  lyght, 
Therefore  England  may  make  gret  mone." 

Holland,  Wylliam,  of  "Weare,  Co.  Devon.  His  standard  has  A,  out 
of  a  ducal  coronet  a  plume  of  feathers  disposed  in  the  form  of  a  cone,  and 
on  the  sinister  on  a  wreath  issuant  out  of  flames  a  cubit  arm  embowed, 
grasping  an  eagle's  claw  erased  or.  B  ducal  coronet  and  feathers, 
C  the  arm. 

Homfray.     Homme  vrai.     Motto,  L'homme  vrai  aime  son  pays. 

Horsley.     A  horse's  head  couped  or,  bridle  gules. 

Howard,  Duke  of  Norfolk.  The  blanch  lion  of  the  Mowbrays 
(Fig.  219),  descended  to  the  Howards  through  the  Lady  Margaret 


Fig.  219.— Howard. 

Mowbray,  whose  son,  Sir  John  Howard,  succeeded  to  her  inheritance, 
and  was  created  first  Duke  of  Norfolk  in  1483,  since  which  period  it 
has  ever  shone  pre-eminent  as  the  ensign  of  Norfolk. 

"  For  who,  in  field  or  foray  slack, 
Saw  the  blanch  lion  e'er  fall  back  ?" 

Sir  W.  Scott,  Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrel. 

The  banner  was  foremost  at  Bosworth  Field,  when  the  "  Jockey 
of  Norfolk  "  fell  slain  with  his  royal  master.  Sir  John  Beaumont, 
in  his  poem,  describes  the  youthful  Surrey's  encounter  with  Talbot, 
after  the  death  of  his  father : 

"  And  now  the  earl  beholds  his  father's  fall, 
Whose  death,  like  horrid  darkness,  frighted  all. 
Some  gave  themselves  to  capture,  others  fly ; 
But  this  young  lion  casts  his  generous  eye 


304  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

On  Mowbray's  lion,  painted  on  his  shield, 
And  with  that  king  of  beasts  repines  to  yield. 
'  The  field,'  saith  he,  '  in  which  the  lion  stands 
Is  blood,  and  blood  I  offer  to  the  hands 
Of  daring  foes  ;  but  never  shall  my  flight 
Dye  black  ray  lion,  which  as  yet  is  white." 

Sir  J.  Beaumont,  Bosworth  Fidel. 

Again,  at  Flodden  Field,  the  Earl  of  Surrey  (afterwards  Duke  of 
Norfolk)  gave  as  a  badge  to  his  retainers  to  wear  on  their  left  arm 
the  white  lion,  "  the  beast  which  he  before  bare  as  his  proper  ensign," 
trampling  upon  the  lion  of  Scotland  and  tearing  it  with  its  claws.1 
To  the  Lord  Surrey  belonged  the  honour  of  that  day,  in  token 
whereof  King  Henry  VIII.  granted  him  as  arms  of  augmentation,  in 
the  white  bend  of  his  arms,  an  escutcheon  or,  charged  with  a  demi- 
lion,  pierced  through  the  mouth  with  an  arrow,  within  a  double 
tressure;  the  last  for  Scotland,  the  arrow  because  the  body  of 
James  IV.  was  found  pierced  by  several  arrows.  To  this  Drayton 
makes  Lord  Surrey  allude : 

''  If  Scotland's  coat  no  mark  of  fame  can  lend, 
That  lion,  placed  in  our  bright  silver  bend, 
Which  as  a  trophy  beautifies  our  shield, 
Since  Scotland's  blood  discoloured  Flodden  Field, 
When  the  proud  Cheviot  did  our  ensign  bear 
As  a  rich  jewel  in  a  lady's  hair." 

Dkayton,  Henry  Hoiuard,  Earl  of  Surrey,  to  the  Fair  Geraldine. 

On  the  standard  of  the  Lord  Howard,  1520,  is  the  motto,  Tons 
jours  loyal. 

Sir  Thomas  Howard,  temp.  Edward  IV.,  had  for  badge  the  shaped 
helmet  called  "  salade." 

By  the  marriage  of  Mary  Fitzalan,  heiress  and  daughter  of  Henry, 
18th  Earl  of  Arundel  (  +  1579),  to  Thomas  Howard,  Duke  of  Nor- 
folk, the  Fitzalan  and  Maltravers  {see  Arundel)  badges  passed  to  the 
house  of  Howard,  and  their  son  Philip  was  summoned  to  Parliament 
in  1580,  as  Earl  of  Arundel. 

Howgan,  Mayster.  Or  and  sable,  a  cockatrice  gules,  between 
four  martlets  counter  changed.     B  two,  C  four  martlets. 

Hungerford.      The   Lords    Hungerford    used   a   golden   sheaf, 

1  Holinshed. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


305 


banded  gules.     They  also  bore  a  golden  sickle,  taken  from  the  arms 
of  the  Peverells  (azure  three  garbs,  or)  (Fig.  220),  whose  coheiress 


A 


/ 


Fig.  220.— Hungerford. 

married  Walter,  Lord  Hungerford  (-f  1449).  The  mottoes,  Time 
trieth  truth,  and  Et  Dieu  mon  appui,  are  at  Farleigh  Castle,  "Wilts, 
their  ancient  seat. 

Kobert,  Lord  Hungerford,  was  beheaded  in  the  reign  of 
Edward  IV.,  for  being  in  arms  to  restore  Henry  VI. 

"  Brave  Boucher  and  his  friend  stout  Hungerford,  whose  hopes 
On  Henry  long  had  lain." 

Drayton,  Polyolbion. 

His  second  sod,  Sir  Walter  Hungerford,  joined  the  standard 
of  the  Earl  of  Eichmond,  and  shared  in  the  victory  of  Bosworth 
Field. 

The  standard  of  Sir  John  Hungerford,  1520,  A  and  D,  out  of  a 
ducal  coronet  or,  a  garb  of  the  last  charged  with  a  mullet  between  two 
sickles  erect  argent,  handle  gules,  banded  or,  with  three  similar  sickles, 
each  charged  on  the  blade  with  a  mullet.  B,  three  like  sickles 
interlaced  round  a  mullet ;  C,  ditto  between  two  erect,  each  charged 
as  in  A. 

Three  sickles  and  three  sheaves  within  the  garter  are  on  one  of 
the  principal  bosses  in  the  cloisters  of  St.  Stephen's,  Westminster, 

x 


30G  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

being  the  badge  of  Walter,  Lord  Hungerford,  E.G.,  who  was  beheaded 
by  Henry  VIII.,  with  Cromwell,  Earl  of  Essex,  in  1541. 

These  badges,  as  before  mentioned,  passed  by  marriage  to  the 
Hastings  family. 

Hussey,  Baron  Hussey,  of  Sleford,  Co.  Lincoln.  Sir  John 
Hussey,  Kt.,  was  at  the  battle  of  Stoke,  against  the  Earl  of  Lincoln, 
and  made  by  Henry  VIII.  chief  butler  of  England ;  1534  created 
baron,  but  being  afterwards  engaged  in  the  insurrection  when  dif- 
ferences of  religion  broke  out,  he  was  teheaded  at  Lincoln.  A  hind 
current  argent,  ducally  gorged  and  chained  or ;  the  crest  of  the 
present  family. 

Ichyngham,  Mayster.  Gold,  on  a  wreath  argent  and  azure,  a 
demi-dragon  vert  with  three  hawk's  lures  per  fess  azure  and  argent, 
B  two  and  C  four,  hawks'  lures. 

Ingelby  of  Kipley  Castle.  Boar's  head  erased  argent,  couped 
or,  snout  and  tusks  or.  Their  present  crest.  Motto,  Le  droit  le 
desmoiitre. 

Ingelfeld,  Sir  Thomas.  A,  an  eagle  displayed  and  crest  of  Ingel- 
feld  on  a  wreath,  a  cubit  arm  ermine  habited  per  pale  azure  and  gules, 
cuff  or,  hands  proper  grasping  a  branch  vert.     B  and  C,  same  crest. 

Ireland. 

"  Where'er  we  pass 
A  triple  grass 
Shoots  up  with  dew-drops  streaming ; 
As  softly  green 
As  emerald  seen 
Through  purest  crystal  gleaming. 
Oh,  the  shamrock  !  the  green  immortal  shamrock  ! 
Chosen  leaf 
Of  bard  and  chief, 
Old  Erin's  native  shamrock." 

Moore,  Irish  Melodies. 

One  day  while  preaching  at  Tara,  St.  Patrick  was  at  a  loss 
how  to  explain  to  his  hearers  the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity,  when, 
seeing  a  shamrock  peeping  forth  from  the  green  turf  upon  which  he 
stood,  he  gathered  it,  and  showing  it  to  them,  exclaimed,  "  Do  you 
not  see  in  this  simple  little  wild  flower  how  three  leaves  are  united  on 
one  stalk  ?  and  will  you  not  then  believe  what  I  tell  you  from  the 
sacred  volume,  that  there  are  indeed  three  Persons,  and  yet  but  one 
God  ?"     His  audience  without  difficulty  understood  this  simple  yet 


AND  WAE-CEIES.  307 

striking  illustration,  and  from  that  period  the  shamrock  became  the 
national  badge  of  Ireland. 

The  harp  first  appears  on  the  Irish  pieces  of  Henry  VIII.  in 
1530.  The  groat  of  Elizabeth  has  three  harps.  Henry  VIII.  is 
said  to  have  given  his  daughter  three  harps  as  a  distinguishing  mark 
for  her  proficiency  in  music.1 

In  the  Harl.  MS.,  No.  304,  it  is  stated :  "  The  armes  of  Yrland  is 
gules,  iij  old  harpes  gold,  stringed  argent,  deux  and  ung.  The  armes 
of  Yrland  gules,  a  castell  argent,  a  hart  issuing  out  of  the  gat  in  his 
prop,  color,  horned  gold.  The  armes  of  Yrland  after  the  description 
of  strangers  is  pty.  pale  gules  and  argent,  in  the  gules  an  armed 
arme  with  the  poldron  ar.  holding  a  sword  in  the  gantlet,  garnished 
gold,  in  the  silver  a  demy  splayed  egle,  sable,  membred  gules." 

Chalmers2  says  that  a  commission  was  appointed  in  the  reign 
of  Edward  IV.  to  inquire  into  the  arms  of  Ireland,  and  reported 
them  to  be  three  crowns  in  pale.  The  coat  of  augmentation 
granted  by  Richard  II.  to  Robert  de  Vere,  Earl  of  Oxford,  with  the 
titles  of  Duke  of  Ireland  and  Marquis  of  Dublin  (he  died  1390,  and 
never  went  to  Ireland)  was  azure,  three  crowns  or,  with  a  bordure 
argent. 

Islip,  John,  Abbot  of  Westminster  (-f-1510).  "  He  was,"  says 
Weever,  "  eminently  concerned  in  the  building  of 
Henry  VII.'s  Chapel."  He  was  a  man  of  great 
authority  and  special  trust  with  the  king,  and  was 
buried  in  the  chapel  which  bears  the  name  of  Bishop 
Islip's  chantry.  On  the  frieze  is  the  quadruple  device 
for  his  name : 

Fig. 221. — Bishop  Islip. 

1.  An  eye  with  the  slip  of  a  tree. 

2.  A  man  sliding  from  the  boughs  and  exclaiming,  "  I  slip " 
(Fig.  221).  Cv, 

3.  A  hand  cutting  off  one  of  the  boughs  of  the  z^!^Jffi/J&, 
same  tree,  and  again  re-echoing,  "  I  slip  "  (Fig.  222).  Jsllt 

4.  The  letter  1  placed  beside  the  slip,  thus  again  ^^^ 
producing  the  name  Islip.  Fig.  222.— msbopisiip. 

Kebyll.  On  a  wreath,  an  elephant's  head  bendy  or  and  vert,  and 
with  the  ear  and  trunk  gules. 

Kennedy,  Earl  of  Cassilis,  Marquess  of  Ailsa.     Badge,  a  dolphin 

1  Walker's  '  History  of  the  Irish  Bards."  *  'Caledonia,'  vol.  i. 

x  2 


308  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

nouant,  azure.  At  the  Eglinton  tournament,  the  Earl  of  Cassilis  bore 
his  family  cognisance  on  his  helmet  and  housings,  and,  when  armed 
for  the  tilt,  was  distinguished  as  the  Knight  of  the  Dolphin.1 

Kent.     See  Grey. 

Kertch,  Sir  John,  of  Blakedon,  Devon.  On  a  wreath,  a  lion's 
head  erased  argent,  and  three  of  the  same  without  the  wreath,  B  two 
and  C  three,  lions  as  last,  Ever  to  be  trevo. 

Knot.  See  Bourchier,  B:>wen,  Harrington,  Heneage,  Lacy, 
Savoy,  Stafford,  Wake  and  Ormond. 

Kyngelley,  Sir  Edward.  A  wolf's  head  erased  paly,  sable  and 
or,  ducally  gorged  or,  in  its  mouth  a  broken  spear  point  or,  B  and  C 
the  same. 

Kyngston.     A  goat  current  argent,  armed  or, 

Lacy.  Henry  Lacy,  Earl  of  Lincoln,  was  an  eminent  warrior, 
and  fought  in  the  Welsh  wars  under  King  Edward  I.2  He  died  at 
his  house  in  London,  called  Lincoln's  Inn.  The  "  Lacy  knot " 
(Fig.  223)  is  taken  from  a  sculptured  shield  on  the  ruins  of  Whalley 


Fig.  223.— Lacy  Knot, 

Abbey,  Lancashire,  built  by  Earl  Henry  de  Lacy,  in  1296;  a  rebus 
of  the  name  of  Lacy  ;  French,  lacet — knot.  Motto,  Firm  and  Fast. 
There  is  also  (Harl.  MS.  2064)  a  drawing  of  the  seal  of  Kobert  de 
Laci  who  died  1193,  and  one  of  the  seal  of  Boger  who  died  1211, 
in  Ormerod's  'History  of  Cheshire,' — all  slight  variations  of  the 
above.  The  square  is  placed  in  an  angular  position  in  the  first 
and  last. 

Langford,  Sir  Nicholas.     Temp.  Edw.  IV.     Two  wings,  silver. 

Latimer,  John  Neville,  Lord,  first  husband  of  Queen  Katherine 

1  Moule,  '  Heraldry  of  Fish.'  -  Pennant. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  309 

Parr.  His  standard  was  semee  of  human  hearts,  with  the  motto,  Dieu 
et  mon  fiance.     His  beast  a  wyvern. 

Lee,  Robert  of  Quarendon.  An  eagle  pecking  a  falcon's  leg. 
To  bee  occupied. 

Leicester,  Earls  of,  Beaumont  or  Bellomont.  Arms,  gules,  a 
cinquefoil  ermine  pierced  at  the  field  (Fig.  224). 


Fig.  22i.— Leicester. 

Leigh.  So  various  are  the  ramifications  of  this  widespread 
family,  that  "  as  many  Leighs  as  fleas  "  has  grown  into  a  proverb 
in  Cheshire. 

A  cinquefoil  ermine  is  on  the  seal  of  Robert  Beaumont  (surnamed 
Fitzparnel,  from  his  mother  Petronil)  who  died  1204,  when  his  great 
inheritance  was  divided  between  his  sisters.  Simon  de  Montfort, 
husband  of  Amicia,  was  created  Earl  of  Leicester,  and  Saier  de  Quincy, 
the  husband  of  Margaret,  Earl  of  Winchester. 

In  Glover's  Roll  (Henry  III.  1216—72)  the  arms  of  Robert  de 
Quincy,  son  of  Saier,  are,  De  goules,  ung  quintefott  de  hermyn. 

L'Estrange.  Barons  Strange  of  Knokyn.  Le  Strange,  L'Estrange, 
in  Latin  records  called  Extraneo,  because  they  were  strangers,  brought 
hither  by  Henry  II.,  1148. 

The  tomb  of  John,  eighth  and  last  baron,  is  at  Hillingdon  ;  by  the 
marriage  of  his  daughter  Joanne  (by  whom  the  monument  is  erected) 
to  Sir  George  Stanley,  the  barony  was  conveyed  to  the  Derby 
family. 

"  Hunstanton  is  to  be  remembered,"  says  Camden, "  in  this  regards, 
if  there  were  nothing  else,  for  that  it  hath  been  the  habitation  of  the 
familie  of  Le  Strange,  knights  by  degree  ever  since  that  in  the  reigne 
of  Edward  the  Second,  John  Baron  le  Strange  of  Knocking  gave  the 
same  unto  Hamon,  his  younger  brother." 


310  HISTOKIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

The  L'Estrange  badge  is  two  hands  conjoined  in  pale,  the  upper 
one  or,  the  other  gules 1  (Fig.  225).     Motto,  Sans  changer  ma  verite 


Fig.  225.  -  L'Lstrange. 

The  above  badge,  beneath  a  sprig  of  columbine  flowers  and  the 
same  motto,  is  ascribed  to  the  Earl  of  Derby,  derived  from  Strange. 

The  Stanley  motto  now  used  is  a  portion  of  the  Strange  motto. 

Leslie.  Motto,  Grip  fad,  as  said  Bartholomew  Leslie  to 
Margaret  of  Scotland,  as  she  clung  to  his  girdle  when  he  saved  her 
from  drowning. 

Lindsay.  Motto,  Astra  castra,  no  men  lumen,  "  Stars  my  canopy, 
Providence  my  light."     The  present  motto  of  the  Earl  of  Crawford. 

"  Nor  sun  nor  moon  they  need,  nor  day  nor  night, 
God  is  their  temple,  and  the  Lamb  the  r  light." 

Bishop  Hebeb,  Palestine. 

Lisle.  Of  this  surname  were  several  families,  springing  originally 
from  two,  which  had  derived  the  designation,  the  one  from  the  Isle  of 
Ely,  the  other  from  the  Isle  of  Wight. 

Lisle.  Blue,  a  hart  lodged  or,  armed,  ducally  gorged  and 
chained  or,  within  a  circular  wreath,  white  and  gold,  set  round  with 
lilies,  some  full  blown  and  others  in  the  bud.  In  the  dexter  chief  and 
sinister  base,  a  lily  slipped.    B  two,  0  four,  &c.    En  bon  heure  puisse. 

Lockhart  of  Lee  (Lanarkshire). 

A  human  heart  within  a  fetter-lock.  Corda  serrata  fero,  "  Locked 
hearts  I  bear."  Corda  serrata pando,  "I  lay  open  locked  hearts,"  so 
written  formerly.2 

Sir  Simon  de  Locard,  being  one  of  those  who  was  deputed  with  Sir 
James  Douglas  to  carry  over  the  heart  of  Robert  Bruce  to  the  Holy 
Land,  in  order  to  perpetuate  the  remembrance  of  so  honourable  an 

1  The  "  hand-in-hand,"  with  the  motto,       Billaine,  1624,   bookseller   and   printer, 
A  la  bonne  foi,  was  the  sign  of  Pierre       Hue  St.  Jacques,  Paris. 

2  Burke. 


AND  WAB-CRIES.  311 

office,  changed  the  spelling  of  his  name  to  Lockhart,  to  intimate  he 
was  entrusted  with  one  of  the  keys  of  the  padlock  affixed  to  the  hox 
containing  the  treasure.  At  the  same  time  he  added  a  human  heart, 
within  the  bar  of  a  padlock,  to  his  armorial  bearings,  with  the  motto, 
Cor  da  serrata  fero} 

Lovel.     A  bird's  wing  erased  argent,  the  bone  embrued  gules. 

Pennant,  in  his  '  Journey  from  Chester,'  mentions  that  over  the  west 
door  of  Hadley  Church,  Middlesex,  is  the  date  1498,  and  the  sculpture 
of  a  rose  and  a  wing.  The  same  under  the  upper  window  of  Enfield, 
and  on  the  gateway  opposite  the  Curtain  in  Shoreditch.  Sir  Thomas 
lived  at  Enfield,  where  he  died  1524.  He  was  a  great  benefactor  to 
the  Priory  of  Holywell,  London,  where  he  built  a  chapel,  in  which  he 
is  buried.     In  most  of  the  glass  windows  was  painted — 

"  At  the  nimnes  of  Holywel, 
Pray  for  the  soul  of  Sir  Thomas  Lovel." 

Sir  T.  Lovel  was  Knight  of  the  Garter.  He  is  mentioned  by 
Shakspeare. 

Messenger.    Sir  Thomas  Lovel,  and  Lord  Marquis  Dorset, 
'Tis  said,  my  liege,  in  Yorkshire  ate  in  arms. 

King  Richard  III.,  Act  iv..  sc.  4. 

Lovelles,  de  Norff.     A  squirrel  sejant  gules,  holding  a  nut,  or. 
Lucy.     A  lucie  or  pike  in  bend  sinister,  azure. 

Slender.    That  they  give  the  dozen  luces  in  their  coat. 
Shallow.    It  is  an  old  coat. 

Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  Act  i.,  sc.  2. 

Lumley,  Earl  of  Scarborough.     A  green  poppinjay  or  parrot. 

"  Oh,  mon,  gang  na  further !  Let  me  digest  the  knowledge  I  ha 
gained,  for  I  did  na  ken  Adam's  name  was  Lumley,"  exclaimed  King 
James  I.  when  wearied  with  Bishop  James's  prolix  account  of  the 
Lumley  pedigree,  on  his  Majesty's  visit  to  Lumley  Castle,  Durham, 
in  1603. 

McPheeson,  Grant.     Touch  not  the  cat  but  a  glove. 

Maltravers.     See  Arundel. 

Mainwaring.     Sir  John  Mainwaring  de  Pevyr,  Cheshire.    Arms, 

1  Douglas,  '  Barony  of  Scotland.' 


312  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

an  ass's  head  erased  sable,  haltered  argent  (present  crest),  and  a  scythe 
argent.     B  and  C,  ass's  head  and  scythe,  A  la  Confucian  des  ennemis. 

Mandeville,  Earls  of  Essex,  bore  arms,  gules,  a  swan  argent, 
ducally  collared  and  chained  or,  which  their  descendants,  the  Bohuns 
(see),  wore  as  a  badge.1 

Manners.  A  peacock  in  pride,  or  and  argent,  and  bouget  of  Bos. 
The  unicorn  supporters  were  also  the  "  beast "  of  Bos. 

Manners,  Sir  Bobert.  Married  Eleanor,  heiress  of  Lord  Bos,  of 
Harnlake.  The  motto  of  their  son  George,  Lord  Bos,  was,  Pour, 
y  parvenir.     His  son  Thomas  was  created  Earl  of  Rutland,  1525. 

Marney.     A  wing  erect  and  erased  argent. 

Massingberd,  Sir  Thomas,  of  Gunby,  Co.  Lincoln.  A  lion's 
head,  &c.  (present  crest),  two  arrows  in  saltire. 

Mauleverer,  Sir  John.  A  white  greyhound  running,  gules, 
collared  and  ringed  or  (their  present  arms). 

Melton.     A  snake  erect  and  nowed  or. 

Mere.     A  galley  of  three  masts  at  anchor  sable. 

Montford,  Sir  Simon.     Temp.  Edward  IV.     Fleur-de-lis  gules. 

Montgomery,  Sir  Thomas,  E.G.  A  belt  or,  girdle  sable,  the 
inside  or,  with  cords  and  tassels  of  the  same. 

Montjoy.     A  wolf  statant,  sable. 

Montorgueil.  Among  the  standards  of  1520,  is  that  of  "  Poole 
Montaguull."  On  a  wreath,  an  eagle  holding  in  his  claw  a  fish  with 
an  unintelligible  bearing.  The  whole  scratched  and  written  over  "  as 
a  provid  ttator  atented  of  high  treeson." 

Mordaunt.  Mayster  John  Mordant.  On  a  wreath  a  Moor's  head, 
with  three  eagles'  heads  erased,  argent,  ducally  gorged  gules,  and 
charged  with  three  estoiles  sable,  holding  in  the  beak  a  cinquefoil 
argent,  slipped  vert.  B  and  C,  in  each  two  eagles'  heads  as  in  A ; 
Lucem  tuam  da  nobis,  "  Give  thy  light  to  us." 

More.  At  Loseley,  near  Guildford,  built  by  Sir  William  More, 
on  the  cornice  of  the  drawing-room  ceiling  is  introduced  the  mulberry 
tree  (Morus),  with  the  mottoes,  Morus  tarde  moriens,  "  The  mulberry 
tree  slow  in  dying," — and  Morum  cite  moriturum,  "  The  mulberry  tree 
soon  about  to  perish ;"  also  the  moor-cock  and  moor-hen. 

Arms,  argent,  cross  and  five  martlets  sable. 

Lord  Chancellor  Mores  wife  was  a  More  of  Loseley;  circ.  1592. 

1  Lansdowne  MS.,  8S2. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  313 

Margaret,  sole  heiress  of  the  Mores,  married  Sir  T.  Molyneux,  in 
whose  family  Loseley  remains. 

Loseley  was  visited,  in  1603,  hy  James  I.  and  his  queen. 

Mortimer,1  Edmund,  Earl   of  March  (-j-    1424),  had  for  crest, 
on  his  seal,  out  of  a  ducal  coronet  proper,  a  plume  of 
feathers,  azure  (Fig.  226).    A  white  wolf.    A  single  rose 
per  pale  argent  and  gules.2 

Mowbray.  Their  arms  were  gules,  a  lion  rampant 
argent ;  hence  blanch  Hon,  their  pursuivant  of  arms  in 
the  reign  of  King  Edward  IV.  The  mulberry  was  the 
chosen  device  of  the  Mowbrays.      Thomas  de  Mowbray,  , 

J  J'    Fig. 226.-Mortiraer. 

first  Duke  of  Norfolk,  the  fated  rival  of  Henry  of  Lan- 
caster, is  described  at  the  combat  at  Coventry  as  entering  the  lists,  his 
horse  barded  with  crimson  velvet,  richly  embroidered  with  lions  of  silver 
and  mulberry  trees,  the  rebus  of  Mowbray,  his  surname.3  The  blanch 
lion  appears  on  the  helmet  placed  over  his  tomb  at  St.  Mark's,  Venice. 
Napier.     Motto,  Beady,  aye  ready, — from  Thirlestane.4 

"  His  ready  lances  Thirlestane  brave 
Arrayed  beneath  a  banner  bright, 
The  treasured  fleur-de-lis  he  claims 
To  wreathe  his  shield,  since  royal  James, 
Encamped  by  Fala's  mossy  wave, 
The  proud  distinction  grateful  gave, 

For  faith  'midst  feudal  jars  ; 
What  time  save  Thirlestane  alone, 
Of  Scotland's  stubborn  barons  none 

Would  march  to  southern  wars  ; 
And  hence,  in  fair  remembrance  worn 
Yon  sheaf  of  spears  his  crest  has  borne  ; 
Hence  his  high  motto  shines  revealed, 
'Ready,  aye  ready,'  for  the  field/' 

Sir  W.  Scott. 

Naufont.  Three  hooked  spikes  or,  one  erect,  the  others  in  saltier, 
banded  together. 

Nevill.  Barons  Nevill  of  Raby,  Earls  of  Westmoreland.  The 
dun   bull   and   the   silver   saltier   were    the    badges   of    the   great 

1  Handle  Holmes,  Hail.  MS.  2035.  Robert   Scott,  who  assumed  the  desig- 

2  Written  in  the  issue  rate  of  Ed-  nation  of  Thirlestane,  married  Eliza- 
ward  III.,"  De  Mortuo Mari ;"  and  in  the  beth,  daughter  and  heiress  of  Margaret, 
same,  Beauchamp  is  styled  "De  Bello  Baroness  Napier ;  and  their  son  inherited 
Campo."  the  barony  on  the  death  of  his    grand- 

3  Sandford.  mother,  in  1706,  and  assumed  the  name 

4  Sir  William  Scott,  a  descendant  of  of  Napier. 


3H  HISTOKIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

family  of  Nevill,  which  with  the  Percys  divided  the  supremacy  of  the 
north. 

Nevill,  Robert,  one  of  the  barons  of  Henry  III.,  is  described : 

"  Upon  his  surcoat  valiant  Neville  bore 
A  silver  saltire  upon  martial  red." 

Drayton,  Baron's  War. 

Ralph,  the  great  and  first  Earl  of  Westmoreland,  elevated  to  the 
earldom  by  King  Richard  II.,  is  buried  with  his  two  wives  at  Staindrop 
Church,  Durham,  and  under  his  head  is  a  helmet  bearing  a  bull's  head, 
and  on  his  surcoat  is  the  saltier.1  His  second  wife  was  Joan,  daughter 
of  John  of  Gaunt;  and  he  joined  his  brother-in-law,  Bolingbroke, 
when  he  landed  at  Ravenspur. 

"  O  Westmoreland,  thou  art  a  summer  bird, 
Which  ever  in  the  haunch  of  winter  sings 
The  lifting  up  of  day.'' 

King  Henry  IV.,  2nd  Part,  Act  iv.,  sc.  4. 

His  sons  were,  Ralph,  second  Earl ;  Richard,  Earl  of  Salisbury, 
father  of  Richard,  Earl  of  Warwick,  "  the  king  maker ;"  William,  Lord 
Fauconberg  ;  and  Edward,  Lord  Bergavenny.  Being  thus,  in  feudal 
power  as  well  as  in  antiquity,  perhaps  the  most  illustrious  house 
in  the  peerage. 

Charles,  sixth  Earl,  joined  the  Earl  of  Northumberland  ■  in  the 
great  insurrection,  1569,  called  "  the  Rising  of  the  North,"  brought 
about  by  a  negotiation  between  some  of  the  Scottish  and  English 
nobility  to  effect  a  marriage  between  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  then  a 
prisoner  in  England,  and  the  Duke  of  Norfolk.  The  affair  coming  to 
Queen  Elizabeth's  knowledge,  Northumberland  was  executed  at  York. 
Westmoreland  escaped  to  Scotland,  and  subsequently  to  the  Nether- 
lands, where  he  lived  to  an  advanced  age  "  meanly  and  miserably," 
and  his  immense  possessions  in  York  and  Durham  became  forfeited  to 
the  crown. 

The  Westmoreland  banner  is  often  described  in  ballads  relative  to 
this  insurrection : 

"  Lord  Westmoreland  his  ancyent  raysde, 
The  dun  bull,  he  rays'd  on  bye, 
And  three  dogs,  with  golden  collars, 
Were  there  set  out  most  royallye." 

Rising  of  the  North  Countrie. 


1  Stothard,  '  Monumental  Effigies. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


315 


And  again  : 

"  Now  spied  thy  ancyent,  Westmoreland, 
The  dun  bull  faine  would  we  spye ; 
And  thou,  th'  Erie  of  Northumberland, 
Now  rayse  thy  half  moone  up  on  hye. 

"  But  the  dun  bull  is  fled  and  gone, 

And  the  halfe  moone  vanished  away  : 
The  Erles,  though  they  were  brave  and  bold, 
Against  soe  many  could  not  stay." 

Tlie  Rising  of  the  North. 

Bishop  Percy  quotes  another  ballad : 

"  Sette  me  up  my  fuire  Dun  Bull 
With  the  Golden  Homes,  hee  beares  soe  hye." 

Two  other  badges  belong  to  the  Nevills,  a  sable  galley  (Fig.  227), 


Fig.  227.— Nevill. 


with  sails  furled,  in  allusion  to  their  Norman  ancestor  who  held  the 
office  of  Admiral,  from  whom  probably  they  also  derive  the  buoy 
(Fig.  228). 


Fig.  228.— Nevill. 


The  epithet  of  this  family  is,  "  The  noble  Nevills."  On  a  ceiling  at 
Brancepeth,  the  stronghold  of  the  Nevills  in  time  of  war,  as  Eaby  was 


316  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

their  festive  hall  in  time  of  peace,  is  the  motto,  Moys,  or  Mens  Droyte, 
and  Ouje  tiens  ferine,  the  ancient  motto  of  the  family,  replaced  in 
later  times  by  the  punning  Ne  vile  veils,  "  Incline  to  nothing  base," 
"  Form  no  mean  wish,"  which  was  altered  by  the  Fanes  to  Ne  vile  fano, 
"  Bring  nothing  base  to  the  temple." 

Nevill,  Lord  Bergavenny  (now  Abergavenny).  Two  staples 
interlaced,  the  one  gold,  the  other  silver  (Fig.  229).  Also  a  fret  gold, 
derived  from  the  Le  Despencers. 


Fig.  229.— Abergavenny. 

On  an  old  monument  in  Mereworth,  Kent,  is  the  Abergavenny 
shield  with  quarterings,  having  on  one  side  the  badge  of  the  staple,  on 
the  other  the  fret. 

The  standard  of  Sir  George  Neville,  Lord  Bergavenny,  the 
companion  in  arms  of  Henry  VIII.  in  his  French  wars,  is  semee  of 
double  staples,  with  the  motto,  Tenir  promesse  vient  de  noblesse. 

Lord  Abergavenny  bears  at  the  end  of  the  chain  of  the  bulls  which 
support  his  arms,  two  gold  staples.  He  also  has  on  the  right  of  his 
escutcheon  a  red  rose,  placed  there  by  Richard  Nevill,  Earl  of  Warwick, 
"  the  king  maker,"  in  token  of  his  adherence  to  the  house  of  Lancaster. 
On  the  left  side,  Lord  Abergavenny  has  the  badge  of  a  golden 
portcullis,  to  show  his  descent  from  the  house  of  Beaufort. 

Nevill,  Earl  of  Warwick.     See  Warwick. 

Nevill,  Baron  Fauconberg.     See  Fauconberg. 

Nevill,  Barons  Latimer.     See  Latimer. 

Newport.  Sir  Thomas  Newport,  Baley  of  the  Egle.  Ked,  a  stag 
trippant  or,  ducally  gorged  and  tired  of  the  last,  with  three  vine 
branches  argent,  in  B  and  C  one,  and  in  D  three  branches. 
Esperance  me  grandement  conforte. 

Norfolk.     See  Howard. 

Norton.  Three  swords,  two  in  saltier,  the  hilts  downwards,  the 
other  in  pale,  the  hilt  upwards  or. 

Norys.  Sir  Walter  Norys.  Temp.  Edw.  IV.  A  raven's  head 
erased,  the  present  crest  of  the  family. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  317 

Ogle.  A  slip  of  oak  with  golden  acorns  (Fig.  230).     The  upper 
half  of  a  rose  argent,  rayonnated  below  (Fig.  231). 


Fig.  230. — Ogle.  Fig.  231.— Ogle. 

These  badges  are  now  used  by  the  Duke  of  Portland,  eldest  coheir 
of  the  barony  of  Ogle.  They  were  painted  on  the  hatchment  of  the 
late  Duke. 

O'Neill.  Arms,  chief  or,  charged  with  a  sinister  hand,  couped 
and  erect  gules.     Lamh  derg  Eirin,  "  The  red  hand  of  Ireland." 

"  In  an  ancient  expedition  of  some  adventurers  in  Ireland,  their 
leader  declared  that  whoever  first  touched  the  shore  should  possess  the 
territory  which  he  reached.  O'Neill,  from  whom  descend  the  princes 
of  Ulster,  bent  upon  obtaining  the  reward,  and  seeing  another  boat 
likely  to  land,  cut  his  hand  off,  and  threw  it  on  the  coast.  Hence  the 
traditionary  origin  of  the  motto.  The  "  Eed  Hand  "  was  adopted  by 
James  I.  as  the  badge,  on  instituting  the  Order  of  Baronet.  The 
design  of  the  institution  being  the  colonization  of  the  province  of 
Ulster,  in  Ireland,  the  arms  of  the  province  were  deemed  the  most 
appropriate  insignia.'  1 

Ormond.  Earl  of  Ormond.  Temp.  Edward.  IV.  A  pair  of  key- 
thongs. 

Orrell.  A  lion's  head,  erased  argent,  semee  of  torteaux,  ducally 
gorged  gules. 

Orvell.  A  man's  head  in  profile  proper,  helmeted  or,  the  visor  up. 

Owgnae.     A  cockatrice  or,  legged,  combed,  and  wattled  gules. 

Oxford.     See  Yere. 

Parr.  Baron  Parr  of  Kendal.  Their  badges  are  derived  from 
Eos  of  Kendal,  by  the  marriage  of  Elizabeth,  heiress  of  De  Eos, 
Baron  Kendal,  in  1383,  to  Sir  William  de  Parr. 

1  Sir  B.  Burke. 


318  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

A  maiden's  head,  full  faced,  vested  ermine  and  or,  her  hair  of  the 
last,  and  her  temples  surrounded  by  a  wreath  of  red  and  white  roses. 
A  maiden's  head  was  the  badge  of  Sir  William  Parre,  K.G-.,  one 
of    the    strong    adherents    of  King  Edward    IV. 
The  same,  issuing   from   a   red    and  white   rose, 
was    the    badge    of    his    grand-daughter,   Queen 
Katherine  Parr.     See  England. 
A  tuft  of  daisies  (Fig.  232). 
„.   „„„    _  Sir  William  Parr  was  brought  to  court  by  his 

Fig.  232.— Parr.  _  °  J 

sister,  when  he  soon  rose  to  high  title  and  honours. 
King  Henry  VIII.  called  him  "  his  integrity,"  and  King  Edward  VI. 
"  his  honest  uncle."  Espousing  the  cause  of  Lady  Jane  Grey,  he 
was  committed  to  the  Tower,  deprived  of  his  honours,  and  sentence 
passed  upon  him ;  but  Queen  Elizabeth,  when  she  ascended  the  throne, 
revived  the  title  of  Marquis  of  Northampton,  and  re-invested  him  with 
the  Order  of  the  Garter.     He  died  in  1571. 

Paston.  Syr  Wyllm  Paston,  de  Paston,  Norfolk.  Or,  on  a  wreath  or 
and  azure,  a  griffin  sejant,  wings  elevated  or,  in  the  beak  a  circular  chain 
of  the  last,  with  three  like  chains,  B  one,  C  two.    Si  je  pense. 

Paulet.     See  Poynings. 

Peche,  Sir  John,  Kt.  The  most  splendid  among  the  knights  of 
the  Court  of  King  Henry  VIII.,  at  whose  coronation  he  was  captain 
of  the  King's  body-guard,  a  corps  so  expensively  dressed  as  to  cause  it 
to  be  of  short  duration.  Sir  John  was  among  the  gallant  train  at  the 
Field  of  the  Cloth  of  Gold,  and  tradition  records  the  visit  of  his  royal 
master  to  his  seat  at  Lullingstone  in  Kent.  His  remains  repose  in  the 
church.  On  the  spandrils  of  the  tomb  and  on  the  monument  itself 
are  the  rebus  of  his  name — peaches  inscribed  with  the  letter  E.  His 
motto,  Prest  a  /aire,  and  his  arms  encircled  by  a  wreath  of  peaches.1 

The  same  badge  is  upon  his  standard. 

Pelham.  A  buckle.  This  family,  now  represented  by  the  Earl 
of  Chichester,  bear,  as  a  quartering,  gules,  two  demi-belts  pale  ways, 
the  buckles  in  chief  argent,  an  augmentation  granted  to  the  family  in 
the  seventeenth  century,  but  they  had  long  borne  the  buckle  (Fig.  233) 
as  a  badge,  and  occasionally  as  a  crest,  together  with  a  cage  (Fig.  234) 
in  commemoration  of  the  capture  of  John,  King  of  France,  at  Poictiers, 
by  Sir  John  de  Pelham,  conjointly  with  Sir  Roger  la  Warr,  as  already 

1  Stothard. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


319 


related  (see  De  la  Warre).  This  buckle  of  a  belt  was  sometimes  used 
by  his  descendants  as  a  seal  manual ;  and  at  others,  on  each  side  of  a 


cage- 


-emblem  of  the  captivity  of  the  King  of  France. 


Fig.  233.— Pelhani. 


Fig.  234.—  Pelham. 


"  No  badge,"  says  Lower,  "  has  been  of  more  various  applications 
than  the  Pelham  buckle.  It  occurs  on  the  ecclesiastical  buildings  of 
which  the  family  were  either  the  founders  j>r  benefactors,  on  the  archi- 
tectural ornament  of  their  mansions,  on  their  ancient  seals,  as  the  sign 
of  an  inn,  and  among  the  more  humble  uses  to  which  the  buckle  has 
been  applied,  may  be  mentioned  the  decoration  of  the  cast-iron 
chimney-backs  in  the  farmhouses  on  the  estate,  the  embellishments  of 
milestones,  and  even  the  marking  of  sheep.  Throughout  the  whole  of 
eastern  Sussex,  over  which  the  Pelham  influence  extends,  there  is  no 
household  word  more  familiar  than  the  Pelham  buckle." l 

Pembroke,  Earl  of.  A  draught-horse  (distinguished  by  having 
collar  and  traces)  gules.     A  green  dragon.2 

Percy,  Earls  of  Northumberland.  When  Agnes  de  Percy,3 
heiress  and  descendant  of  Algernons,  or  "  William  with  the  Whiskers," 
consented  to  marry  Josceline  of  Louvain,  the  brother  of  Queen  Adeliza, 
it  was  only  on  the  proud  condition  that  he  should  adopt  either  her 
name  or  her  arms.  Josceline  chose  the  former,  took  the  name  of 
Percy,  and  the  blue  lion  of  Brabant  is  first  among  the  892  quarterings 
of  the  Percy  shield. 

The  ancient  badge  of  the  Percys  is  the  Crescent,  the  origin  of 

1  This  badge  is  also  used  by  the  Duke  of  Newcastle. 

2  H.  MS.  5910. 

3  This  family  is  descended  from  the  Danish  chieftain  Geoffrey: 

"  Brave  Golied,  who  to  Normandy 
With  vent'roua  Rollo  came; 
And  from  his  Norman  castles  soon 
Assumed  the  Percy  name." 

The  village  of  Percy  is  near  Villedieu-les-Poelcs,  in  the  department  of  La  Manche. 


320  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

which   is   thus   given  in  an   old   vellum   pedigree  of   the   time   of 
Henry  VII.,  in  the  possession  of  the  family: 

"  Gernons,  fyrst  named  Brutys  bloud  of  Troye, 
Which  valiantly  fyghtynge  in  the  land  of  Perse, 
At  pointe  terrible  avance  the  miscreants  on  nyght 
An  hevynly  mystery  was  schewyd  liym,  old  bookys  reherse; 
In  hys  scheld  did  schyne  a  inone  veryfying  her  lyglit, 
Which  to  all  the  ooste  gave  a  perfytte  fryglit, 
To  vaynquys  his  enemys,  and  to  deth  them  persne  ; 
And  therefore  the  Perses  the  cressant  doth  renew." 

Be  that  as  it  may,  wherever  the  Percy  arms  were  carried  the  Crescent 
appears,  as  a  few  examples  will  show. 

In  the  "  Baron's  War,"  Kichard  de  Percy,  one  of  the  feudal  lords 
who  extorted  the  Great  Charter  from  King  John,  and  one  of  the 
twenty-five  guardians  chosen  to  see  it  observed,  is  thus  alluded  to : 

"  The  noble  Plfercy,  in  this  dreedful  day, 
With  a  bright  cresent  in  his  guidon  came." 

Drayton,  Baron's  War. 

At  Chevy  Chase,  the  famous  battle  of  Otterbourne,  fought  by  the 
renowned  Harry  Hotspur,  when  Earl  Douglas  was  slain  : 

"  The  whyte  lyon  on  the  Ynglysh  parte, 
Forsoth  as  I  your  sayne, 
The  lucetts,1  and  the  cressawnts  both, 
The  Scots  fought  them  again." 

Battle  of  Otterbourne. 

Again,  at  Towton,  when  Henry  Percy,  third  Earl,  fell  while 
leading  the  van  of  the  Lancastrians,  1461  : 

"Upon  the  Yorkists  part  there  flew  the  ireful  bear, 
On  the  Lancastrian  side,  the  crescent  waving  there; 
The  Southern  on  this  side,  for  York  or  Warwick  cry, 
'  A  Percy  for  the  right,'  the  northern  men  reply." 

Drayton,  PolyoTbion. 

On  the  morning  preceding  the  battle  of  Bosworth,  Richard  III. 
left  Leicester  by  the  south  gate,  at  the  head  of  his  cavalry.  A  poor 
old  blind  man,  who  had  been  a  wheelwright,  sat  begging  near  the 
bridge.  As  the  king  approached,  he  cried  out  that  "  If  the  moon 
changed  that  day,  which  had  changed  once  that  morning  in  the  course 

1  Three  lucies  or  pikes,  assumed  by  settled  all  his  estates  on  the  Earl,  on 
Hotspur's  father,  first  Earl,  on  his  mar-  condition  the  Lucy  arms  should  be  for 
riage  with  the  heiress  of  Lord  Lucy,  who       ever  quartered  with  those  of  Percy. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  321 

of  nature,  King  Richard  would  lose  both  life  and  crown."     He  hinted 
at  the  secret  disaffection  of  Percy.1 

The  standard  of  Henry,  fifth  Earl  (+  1527),  who  lived  in  great 
state  and  splendour,  as  his  '  Household  Book '  attests,  is  thus  given 
in  the  MS.  at  the  Herald's  College  : 

"  Comes  Northumberland — Three  stripes,  russet,  or,  and  tawny. 
A.  A  lion  passant  azure,  in  chief  the  badge  of  Poynings  (see), 
a  key,  ducally  crowned  or,  between  the  badges  of  the  Percies,  the 
crescent  arg.  and  the  shacklebolts  in  base,  the  crescent,  as  before, 
between  the  shacklebolts,  and  the  badge  of  Bryan  (see)  a  bugle  horn, 
unstringed  azure,  garnished  or.  B.  The  badge  of  Fitzpain.  A  falchion 
sheathed  sa.  garnished  or,  pomel  and  hilt  of  the  last.  C.  Two  crescents 
and  two  shacklebolts." 

This  banner  is  accompanied  by  eleven  smaller,  of  one  com- 
partment : 

Algernons.  Lion  and  crescent. 
Bryan.  Bugle  horn,  as  above. 
Percy,  Crescent. 
Fitzpayn.  Falchion,  as  above. 
Percy.  Crescent. 

,,        Within  the  horns  of  a  crescent  argent  a  pair  of  shackle- 
bolts or. 
„        Pair  of  shacklebolts  argent. 

„        Leopard  statant  semee  of  torteaux  and  hurts  and  crowned  or, 
,,       Crescent. 
Poynings.  Unicorn  and  key. 

„  Boar  statant  argent  and  crescent. 

In  the  '  Lamente  of  Henrye  Percye '  (sixth  Earl),  the  admirer  of 
Queen  Anne  Boleyn,  he  is  made  to  say : 

"  Pale  is  the  crescent  of  my  hope." 

F.  R.  Surtees. 

In  the  ballad  recounting  the  great  insurrection,  which  cost  the 
Earl  of  Northumberland  his  head  (see  Nevill),  it  says  : 

"  Earl  Percy  there  his  ancyent  spred 
The  half-moon  shining  all  soe  faire." 

The  Rising  of  the  North  (Percy  Rdiques). 


1  Strickland's  '  Queens  of  England. 


322  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

And  again : 

"  The  minstrels  of  thy  noble  house, 
All  clad  in  robes  of  blue, 
With  their  silver  crescents  on  their  arms, 
Attired  in  order  due." 

Hermit  of  WarJcwortU. 

The  silver  crescent,  as  now  borne,  has,  within  the  two  horns,  two 
fetterlocks,  the  cognisance  of  the  House  of  York,  the  part  within  the 
horns  sable  and  gules  (Fig.  235).  This  York  badge  is  sometimes  styled 
a  double  manacle,  or  shacklebolt. 


Fig.  235. — Percy. 

The  Percy  motto  is,  Esperance  en  Dieu,  or  Esperance  ma 
conforte.1 

Henry,  fourth  Earl,  had  Esperance  ma  conforte  inscribed  over  the 
great  gateway  at  Alnwick. 

On  the  ceiling  of  Wressil  Chapel  is  Esperance  en  Dieu  ma 
conforte. 

In  a  window  of  the  church  of  St.  John,  at  Beverley,  is  a  figure 
with  a  coat  of  arms,  of  a  Percy  kneeling,  with  Esperance,  and  under 
the  lady's  picture,  ma  conforte.  On  a  tomb  in  the  same  church  and 
in  several  places  are  Esperance  ma  conforte  and  Esperance. 

Esperance  was  pursuivant  to  the  Earls  of  Northumberland. 

Phyllip.  Thomas  F.  Phyllypp,  at  Blederyke,  Wales.  Gold,  a 
lion  statant  sable,  collared  and  chained  or,  with  three  magpies  proper. 
B  and  C,  in  each  a  magpie. 

Pierpoint,  Sir  William.  A  lion  passant,  sable,  grasping  in 
the    dexter  paw  a  cinquefoil    or,   with  two   wreaths   in    chief,  and 


1  The  word  conforte,  says  Meyrick,  implies  exhortation  or  excitement  —a  rallying 
appeal. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  323 

on  either  a  lion's  jamb  erased  or.  grasping   a  cinquefoil  as  before. 
B  and  C  lion's  jamb. 

Pole.  William  de  la  Pole,  Duke  of  Suffolk,  the  favourite  of 
Queen  Margaret  of  Anjou,  for  many  years  possessed  almost  absolute 
power,  till  affairs  becoming  disastrous  both  at  home  and  abroad, 
popular  clamour  rose  loudly  against  him.  He  was  charged  with  the 
loss  of  Anjou  and  Normandy,  of  causing  the  death  of  the  good  Duke 
of  Gloucester,  and  various  other  offences,  for  which  he  was  impeached, 
and  though  restored  to  favour,  subsequently  banished.  He  embarked 
at  Ipswich,  but  was  boarded  by  the  captain  of  a  ship  of  war,  and 
brought  round  to  Dover  Roads,  where  he  was  beheaded. 

"  They  cut  his  head  off  on  the  cock-boat  side." 

Drayton,  Miseries  of  Queen  Margaret. 

His  badge  was  an  ape's  clog  argent  and  the  chain  or.     It  is  so 
given  in  the    Ashmole  MS.  1121;  and  in  some  satirical 
verses,  written  about  1447,  he  is  thus  designated — 

"  The  whyte  lion1  is  leyde  to  slepe 
Thoroug  the  envy  of  the  Ape  clogge." 

In  some  other  satirical  verses  of  the  same  reign  (circa 
1449),  he  is  called  "  Jack  Napes  with  his  Clog."  A  leopard's  Fig.236.-Poie 
face  (Fig.  236),  from  his  arms,  was  another  of  his  badges. 

Pomeroy.  A  golden  fir  cone.  "  One  of  the  noblest  families  of 
these  parts,"2  dating  their  pedigree  from  the  Conqueror,  Henry  de  la 
Pomeroy,  during  the  captivity  of  Kichard  I.,  got  possession  of  St. 
Michael's  Mount,  and  reduced  it  to  the  service  of  John.  Upon 
Eichard's  return  the  garrison  surrendered  to  the  king,  and  Henry  de 
la  Pomeroy,  despairing  of  pardon,  leaped  his  hoise  from  the  cliff  and 
perished. 

About  five  miles  from  Totness  is  the  ruined  castle  of  Berry 
Pomeroy. 

Poole,  William,  in  Wherhall,  Chestershyr.  Stag's  head  caboshed. 
Two  griffins'  heads  erased  azure,  ducally  gorged,  beaks  and  ears  or. 
B  and  C  griffins'  heads.     A  vostre  peril. 

Polle.     A  griffin's  head  erased  azure,  ducally  gorged  or. 

Potkyn.     A  stag's  head  erased,  sable. 


1  Alluding  to  John  Mowbray,  third  Duke  of  Norfolk. 
4  Camden. 


y2 


32±  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Poynings.  A  key  erect,  argent,  crowned  or  (Fig.  237).  This 
badge  appears  to  have  been  assumed  by  the  family  at  a  very  early 
period. 

On  a  seal  of  Sir  Michael  Poynings,  knight,  date  33  Edward  III., 
is  introduced  outside  the  shield,  a  key  erect  crowned,  and 
a  dragon's  head  between  two  wings. 

The  standard  of  Sir  Edward  Poynings,  1520,  is  drawn 
gules,  an  unicorn  courant  argent,  armed  and  unguled  or,  with 
F?  five  keys,  wards  downwards,  argent,  each  ensigned  with  a 

»— »r         ducal  coronet  or.     B   two,  C  three   keys.      Motto,  Loyal 

•        et  n  apaour. 
poyiimgs.  The  same  badge  was  subsequently  used  by  the  Paulet 

family  in  allusion  to  their  descent. 

In  a  MS.  in  the  College  of  Arms  (L  14)  is  a  cord  tied  in  a  circle, 
in  the  centre  of  which  is  suspended  a  key  crowned,  and  the  writer 
adds,  "  this  badge  belongeth  to  the  Marquess  of  Winchester,  being  the 
badge  of  Lord  Poynings,  in  whose  right  he  beareth  it."1 

In  the  church  of  Basing  (Hants)  are  the  tombs  of  the  Paulets, 
Dukes  of  Bolton,  with  the  key  suspended  by  a  knotted  cord.  Basing 
Castle  passed  from  the  Poynings  to  the  Paulets,  and  was  rebuilt  by 
Sir  William  Paulet,  created  Marquis  of  Winchester  by  Edward  VI., 
who,  "  being  made  of  a  willow  and  not  of  an  oak,"  retained  the  Lord 
Trtasurership  during  four  reigns — from  Henry  VIII.  to  Queen 
Elizabeth.  It  was  here  he  received  the  Queen,  in  1560,  so  sump- 
tuously— she  exclaimed,  "By  my  troth,  if  my  Lord  Treasurer  were 
but  a  young  man,  I  could  find  it  in  my  heart  to  have  him  for  a 
husband  before  any  man  in  England."  Basing  House,  called 
"  Loyalty,"  from  the  Paulet  motto,  which  John,  fifth  Marquis, 
engraved  with  a  diamond  upon  every  window,  is  celebrated  for  the 
four  years'  siege  it  sustained  against  the  Parliamentary  army.  "  If  the 
king,"  wrote  the  Marquis,  "had  no  more  ground  in  England  than 
Basing  Hall,  I  would  hold  out  to  the  last  extremity." 

Dryden  refers  to  him  as — 

"  He  who  in  impious  times  undaunted  stood, 
And  midst  rebellion  durst  be  just  and  good.' 


1  The  Earls  of  Northumberland  have  abo  used  the  unicorn  and  the  keys  wiih 
reference  to  their  descent  from  this  family,  through  whom  they  also  derive  the  Bryan 
badge. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


325 


Batcliffe.  Sir  John  Eatcliffe,  time  of  Edward  IV.,  bore  for  his 
badge  a  gardebras,  or  garbraille,  silver.  The  representation  of  it  is 
interesting  (Fig.  238),  as  showing  the  fan-like  form 
of  the  elbow-piece  towards  the  end  of  the  fifteenth 
century,  and  of  the  buckles  and  straps  which 
fastened  it. 

The  standard  of  Eobert  Eatcliffe,  his  son, 
created  Viscount  Fitz- Walter  and  Earl  of  Sussex 
by  King  Henry  VIII..  had  a  golden  estoille,  or 
star,  and  two  garbrailles  silver,  buckles  gold. 
Motto,  Je  garderay. 

"  Where  is  the  starre,  the  hope  of  Sussex'  name? 
Henry  Fitz-Walter,1  that  bright  shining  beam." 

Eichmond.     See  Fitzroy. 

Kichmond.     See  Plantagenet. 

Eos,  or  Eoos.  A  silver  water  bouget  (Fig.  239). 
bougets  are  given  as  their  arms  in  the  '  Siege  of 
Caerlaverock :' 


The  water 


"  Guillemes  de  Eos  assemblans, 

I  fu  rouge  a  trois  buuz  blanc." 

Fig.  239—  Ro<. 

These   arms,  though  derived   by  marriage   from   the    Trnsbuts,  are 
popularly  known  as  the  "  coat  of  De  Eos." 

The  water  bouget  consists  of  two  pouches  of  leather  united  and 
strung  across  a  stick,  used  for  the  conveyance  of  water,  a  custom  dating 
from  the  Crusades.  In  the  torrid  plains  of  Palestine,  the  expediency 
of  carrying  water  in  leathern  bags  readily  suggested  itself ;  and  the 
service  of  carrying  them  was  of  greater  importance  than  at  first 
appears,  without  taking  into  consideration  that  one  mode  of  distressing 
the  Christian  army  was  that  of  poisoning  the  wells  and  other  reser- 
voirs of  water.     To  this  Tasso  alludes : 

"  Ma  pur  la  sefe  e  il  pessmio  di  mali 
Perche  di  Giudea  I'iniqua  douna 
Con  veneni  e  con  succhi  aspri  e  mortali 
Piii  dol'iuferno  styge  e  d'acheronte, 
Torbido  fece  e  livido,  ogni  fonte." 

Gerusctlemmc  Liberatu,  Canto  xii. 


1  Second  Earl  of  Sussex. 


326 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


'  Most  of  thirst  lliey  mourned,  and  most  complain 
For  Juda's  tyrant  had  strong  poison  shed 
(Poison  that  breeds  more  woe  and  deadly  pain 
Than  Acheron  or  Stygian  waters  bring) 
In  every  fountain,  cistern,  well,  and  spring." 

Fairfax's  Translation. 


Fig.  240. 
St.  John. 


Eussel,  John,  Bishop  of  Bochester,  1476 ;  Lincoln,  1480 ;  and 
Lord  High  Chancellor  of  Bichard  III.     At  Buckden  Palace,  on  the 
dormers  of  the  dining-room,  is  a  hawk,  inscrihed,  Je  suis  le  Buscelaij.1 
Byce  ap  Thomas.     See  Fitz-Uryan. 

Sacheverell.      A   hawk's   lure,  with   golden   strings.      Motto, 
Trowthe  hyndithe  me. 

St.  John.  A  pair  of  golden  names  (Fig.  240)  (the  collar  by  which 
a  horse  draws  a  waggon)  is  used  as  a  badge  by  this  family, 
in  memory  of  "William  de  Saint  John,  who  came  to 
England  with  William  the  Conqueror,  under  whom  he 
held  the  office  of  Master  of  the  Baggage  Waggons. 

The  two  eagles  which  form  the  supporters  of  the  Earl 
of  Bolingbroke,  are  each  charged  on  the  breast  with  the 
golden  names. 
St.  Leger.     A  pair  of  barnacles2  (Fig.  241),  erect  gules,  ringed 
This  badge  was  on  the  standard,  in  1520,  of  Sir- 
Arthur    St.    Leger,   of    Ulcomb,    Kent;    and    the 
barnacles   are    on    the   stall-plate   of  Sir  Anthony 
St.  Leger,  in  St.  George's  Chapel,  Windsor. 

The  same  device,  only  silver  instead  of  red,  is 
the  badge  of  Sir  Henry  Wyatt,  county  Kent. 

The  founder  of  the  family,  written  Sancto  Leode- 
gario,  Sentliger,  and  Sellinger,  was  Sir  Eobert  Sent 
Legere,  according  to  tradition,  the  person  who  sup- 
ported William  the  Conqueror  with  his  arm  when 
Fig.  24i.-st.  Lege,-,    he  landed. 

Ulcomb,  Kent,  is  an  ancient  manor  of  the  family. 


and  laced,  or. 
(§8 


1  Camden's  '  Britannia.' 

2  The  barnacles,  or  horse  twitch,  is  used 
to  put  on  horses  when  they  will  not  stand 
quietly  to  be  shod,  being  tied  to  their 
noses  with  a  cord  ;  hence  barnacles,  nose- 
squeezers, — i.e.,    spectacles.     St.  Louis, 


says  Mcnestrier,  to  preserve  the  memory 
of  his  captivity  among  the  Saracens,  made 
use,  as  a  device,  of  the  instrument  where- 
with the  barbarians  fasten  the  legs  of 
their  prisoners.  It  is  on  his  money. 
Joinvillc  calls  it  Barnacles. 


AND  WAK-CKIES.  327 

Scales.  An  escallop  shell,  silver  (Fig.  242).  Arms,  gules,  six 
escallop  shells,  three,  two,  and  one. 

At  the  siege  of  Caerlaverock,  the  handsome  and 
amiahle  Eobert  de  Scales  bore  red  with  shells  of 
silver — 

"  Robert  de  Scales  bel  et  gent, 
Le  eut  rouge  a  coquilles  de  argent." 

The  title  was  conveyed  by  marriage   to  Anthony     Ig' 
Widville,   brother  of  Edward  IV.'s  queen,  afterwards   second  Earl 
of  Rivers.     As  Gloucester  says  to  the  king — 

"  And  yet,  methinks,  your  grace  hath  not  done  well, 
To  give  the  heir  and  daughter  of  Lord  Scales 
Unto  the  brother  of  your  loving  bride." 

King  Henry  VI.,  3rd  Part,  Act  iv.,  sc.  1. 

Lord  Scales  had  a  pursuivant  of  arms,  called  "  Scales,"  attached  to 
his  household.  He  acquired  great  fame  by  his  tournament  at  Smith- 
field  with  Anthony  of  Burgundy  (see) ;  but  his  sister's  marriage  with 
the  king,  and  his  own  signal  valour,  caused  his  enemies  never  to  cease 
pursuing  him,  until  he  fell  one  of  the  first  victims  of  Eichard  III., 
who  caused  him  and  his  nephew,  Sir  Richard  Grey,  to  be  beheaded  at 
Pomfret  Castle,  without  the  form  of  a  trial,  1483. 

The  name  of  Scales  was  originally  written  Eschallers  and  Scalers, 
and  "  the  seal  of  Hugh  de  Scales,  attached  to  a  grant  of  several 
churches  to  the  monks  of  Lewes,  is  an  armed  man,  standing  on  his 
left  foot,  and  putting  his  right  on  the  step  of  a  ladder,  with  his  hands 
on  the  same,  as  if  he  were  climbing." 

The  Scales  family  resided  for  many  years  in  great  splendour  at 
Middleton  Castle,  near  Lynn,  Norfolk. 

Scotland.  About  1010,  in  the  reign  of  Malcolm  I.,  the  Danes 
invaded  Scotland,  made  a  descent  on  Aberdeenshire,  and  landed  at 
Buchan-ness,  intending  to  storm  Stains  Castle,  a  fortress  of  some  im- 
portance. Midnight  was  the  time  selected  for  the  attack,  and  as  their 
presence  was  unknown  and  unlooked  for,  they  expected  to  succeed 
without  much  trouble  in  gaining  possession  of  the  castle.  The  Danes 
advanced  slowly  and  silently,  and  to  prevent  the  possibility  of  their 
footsteps  being  heard,  they  took  off  their  shoes.  They  reached  the 
place,  and  their  labours  were  well-nigh  over,  for  they  had  only  to 


328  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

swim  the  moat  and  place  their  scaling-ladders,  and  the  castle  was 
theirs ;  when,  in  another  moment,  a  cry  from  the  invaders  themselves 
awakens  the  inmates  to  a  sense  of  their  danger,  the  guards  fly  to  their 
posts,  the  soldiers  mount  arms  and  pursue  the  Danes.  This  sudden 
change  had  arisen  from  a  simple  cause.  It  appeared  that  the  moat, 
instead  of  being  filled  with  water,  was  dried  up  and  overgrown  with 
thistles,  which,  piercing  the  unprotected  feet  of  the  Danes,  caused 
them  to  forget  their  cautious  silence,  and  to  utter  the  cry  which  had 
alarmed  the  sleeping  inmates  of  the  castle.  Thus  was  the  thistle  the 
means  of  preserving  Scotland,  and  was  thenceforth  adopted  as  her 
national  emblem. 

"E'en  then  a  wish,  I  mind  its  power — 
A  wish  that  to  iny  latest  hour 

Shall  strongly  heave  my  breast — 
That  I,  for  poor  auld  Scotland's  sake, 
Some  useful  plan  or  beulc  could  make, 

Or  sing  a  sang  at  least. 
The  rough- burr  thistle  spreading  wide 

Amang  the  bearded  bear, 
I  turn'd  my  weecler-clips  aside, 

An'  spar'd  the  symbol  dear. ' 

Burns. 

Scottish  Clans.       Their  badges  are  as  follow  :' 

Buchanan.     Birch. 

Cameron.     Oak. 

Campbell.     Myrtle. 

Chisholm.     Alder. 

Forbes.     Broom. 

Grant.     Cranberry  heath. 

Lamond.     Crab  apple-tree. 

Macdonell.     Heath. 

Macdugald.     Cypn  ss. 

Macfarlane.     Cloudberry  bush. 

Macgregor.     Pine. 

Mackay.     Bulrush. 

Mackenzie.  Deer  grass  (Lycopodium). 

Maclachlan.     Mountain  ash. 

1  After  1745  it  became  penal  to  carry  badges,  and  some  families  actually  suffered 
the  penalties  of  the  "Disarming"  Act. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  '  329 

Maclean.     Blackberry  heath. 

Macleod.     Ked  whortle  berries. 

Macnaghlan.     Azalea  procumbens,  "  Lnsan  Albanach." 

Macneill.     Sea-ware. 

Macpherson.     Boxwood. 

Macgtjartie.     Blackthorn. 

Menzies.     Ash. 

Monro.     Eagle's  feathers. 

Eobertson.     Fern  or  brakens. 

Bose.     Briar  rose. 

Boss.     The  Uva  torsi  plant.     Bilberry. 

Scrope.  Barons  Scrope  of  Bolton,  Earls  of  Sunderland.  A 
golden  crab  (Fig.  243). 

The  Lord  Scrope  in  the  time  of  Edward  IV. 
had  a  Cornish  chough  for  his  badge ;  and  eleven 
of  the  same  birds  are  on  the  banner  of  his  suc- 
cessor in  the  reign  of  Henry  YIII.  Mottoes,  Devant 
sijepen-Autrequeelle. 

Sedley.  A  goat's  head  erased,  lozengy  or  and 
gules,   armed    azure,  holding   in   the  mouth  a   sprig   of  ivy,   vert. 

Semer,  Sir  J.,  Kt.  Peacock's  head  between  two  wings,  with  four 
leopards'  heads  or.     B  two,  and  C  three,  leopards'  heads. 

Senhouse,  of  Nether  Hall,  county  Cumberland.     A  crimson  rose. 

Setvans,  Sir  Kobert  be.  The  name  is  derived  from  the  ancient 
cognisance  of  the  family — seven  vans,  or  baskets,  used  for  winnowing 
corn  (Fig.  244).  Our  Saviour  is  prefigured  as  coming  with  his  "  fan 
in  his  hand"  to  purge  his  wheat  from  the  chaff.1     Shakspeare  says  — 

"Distinction,  with  a  broad  and  powerful  fan, 
Puffing  at  all,  winnows  the  light  away." 

Troilus  and  Cressida,  Act  i.,  sc.  2. 

The  motto  of  the  family  was,  Dissipabo  inimicos  regis  mei  ut  paleam, 
"  The  enemies  of  my  king  I  will  disperse  like  chaff."2 

This  badge  is  on  the  brass  monument3  of  Sir  Kobert  de  Setvans, 

1  "  I  will  sift  the  house  of  Israel  among  2  Another  motto   for   the  winnowing 

all  nations,  like  as  corn    is    sifted  in  a  fan :     Inania    pello,   "  I  reject  what  is 

sieve,  yet  shall  not  the  least  grain  fall  foolish." 

upon  the  earth." — Amos  ix.  0.  3  Waller,  '  Monumental  Brasses.' 


330 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


in  the  chancel  of  Chartham  Church,  Kent;  died  1306.  He  was  a 
warrior  in  the  time  of  King  Edward  L,  was  with  the  army  at  Caer- 
laverock,  and  had  estates  in  Kent.     His  figure  is  cross-legged,  in 


Fig.  244.— Setvans. 

mail  armour,  three  winnowing  vans  are  on  his  shield,  and  seven  on 
the  surcoat  and  culettes. 

Seymour.  Crest,  a  phoenix  in  flames  proper.  Motto,  A  Tami 
fid'ele  pour  jamais.  The  family  now  use,  Foy  pour  devoir.  This 
motto,  time  of  Henry  VIII.,  was  used  by  Thomas,  second  son  of 
Thomas  Howard,  third  Duke  of  Norfolk,  whose  daughter  Francis 
married  Edward  Seymour,  Earl  of  Hertford,  son  of  the  Protector 
Somerset. 

The  present  arms  are,  two  wings  conjoined  in  lure,  tips  down- 
wards or,  similar  to  those  on  the  seal  of  Koger  de  St.  Maur,  borne  for 
the  manor  of  Pentro,  Monmouth,  from  penna,  a  wing. 
Sharp.     A  wolf's  head. 

Shelley.     A  golden  whelk-shell  (Fig.  245),  from  their  arms,  on  a 
fess  engrailed  blue,  four  whelks  or. 

In  the  chancel  of  Clapham  Church,  Sussex,  is  the  brass 
of  John  Shelley,  1550,  and  his  wife;  they  are  both  kneel- 
ing on  cushions  at  a  desk ;  he  is  clad  in  armour.     Whelk- 
shells  are  on  his  surcoat  and  on  the  gown  of  the  lady. 
Sheffield.     A  golden  wheatsheaf,  from  their  arms. 
Skeffington.      Sir  William   Skeftmgton,  temp.   Henry 
VIII.,  bore   on  his  banner,  with  a  mermaid,  the  present 
crest  of  the  family,  a  golden  tun  transfixed  with  five  silver  arrows. 
Motto,  Loialte  maintient  amor. 

Somerset,  Earls  and  Dukes  .  of  Beaufort.  Badge,  a  golden 
portcullis. 

The  lordship  and  castle  of  Beaufort,  in  Anjou,  came  to  the  house 


Fig.  245. 
Shelley. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  331 

of  Lancaster  with  Blanche  of  Artois,  widow  of  the  King  of  Navarre, 
and  wife  of  Edmund  Crouchback,  first  Earl  of  Lancaster.  Here 
were  born  the  four  children  of  Catherine  Swinford,  who  were  all 
surnamed  "  De  Beaufort,"  in  consequence  of  their  birth  in  the  patri- 
monial castle  of  the  Lancasters ;  and  from  that  circumstance  they 
bore  a  portcullis  for  their  family  cognisance. 

The  Beauforts  espoused  the  Lancastrian  cause.  Edmund,  first 
Duke  of  Somerset,  fell  at  St.  Alban's,  1458.  Of  his  three  sons, 
Henry,  second  duke,  was  beheaded  after  Hexham,  1460  ;  John  was 
slain  at  Tewkesbury,  1471 ;  and  his  brother  Edmund,  third  duke, 
was  beheaded  after  the  same  battle.  It  is  of  him  that  King  Edward 
says — 

"  For  Somerset,  off  with  his  guilty  head." 

King  Henry  VI.,  3rd  Part,  Act  v.,  sc.  5. 

And  Gloucester  addresses  him — 

"  Two  of  thy  name,  both  Dukes  of  Somerset, 
Have  sold  their  lives  unto  the  house  of  York  ; 
And  thou  slialt  be  the  third,  if  this  sword  hold." 

King  Henry  VI.,  3rd  Part,  Act  v.,  sc.  1. 

And,  again,  King  Edward  refers  to  them — 

"  The  dukes  of  Somerset,  t!  reefold  renowned, 
For  trusty  and  undoubted  champions." 

King  Henry  VI.,  3rd  Part,  Act  v.,  sc.  7. 

Sir  Charles  Somerset,  from  whom  the  present  Dukes  of  Beaufort 
descend,  was  created  Earl  of  Worcester  and  Lord  Chamberlain  for 
life  to  King  Henry  VIII.1  He  bore  on  his  standards,  in  addition  to 
the  portcullis,  the  following  badges : 

A  Moorish  female's  head  (Fig.  246),  three-quarter  face,  hair 
dishevelled,  and  ring  through  the  ear. 

A  cubit  arm  issuing  out  of  a  red  rose,  for  Lancaster,  the  hand 
grasping  a  golden  arrow  (Fig.  247).     Motto,  Faire  le  dot/. 

Also  a  bearing,  which  looks  like  the  machine  used  for  confining 
horses  when  shod;  and  a  panther  "inflamed  "  (Fig.  248). 

1  He  married  the  heiress  of  William,  ment  in  that  barony,  1501,  and  three 
Earl  of  Huntingdon,  Lord  Herbert  of  years  afterwards  created  Earl  of  Wor- 
Raglan,  and  was  summoned  to  Parlia-       cester. 


332  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

In  the  Harleian  MS.,  1073,  besides  the  above  five  badges,  are 
given  an  antelope,  a  dragon  issuing  from  a  castle,  and  a  flower- 
pot with  red  and  white  pinks.  Underneath  is  written,  "  These  eight 
badges  belong  to  Somerset,  and  are  of  all  antiquity." 


Fig.  246.— Somerset.  Fig.  247.— Somerset. 

The  motto  of  Cardinal  Beaufort,  in  Winchester  Cathedral,  is,  In 
Do  mine  conjido. 


Fig.  248.— Somerset. 

Southampton.     See  Fitzwilliam. 

Southwell.     A  cinquefoil  gules,  charged  with  six  annulets  or. 

Soth worth.     A  bull's  head  erased  sable,  armed  or. 

Speke.  Espek  of  Normandy.  A  porcupine  argent,  the  quills 
tipped  sable — present  crest  of  the  family. 

The  chantry  of  St.  George  in  Exeter  Cathedral,  founded  1518, 
by  Sir  John  Speke  of  White  Lackington,  Somerset,  is  decorated  with 
the  porcupine. 

We  hear,  in  the  time  of  Henry  II.,  of  Kichard  Le  Espek,  "  and 
for  many  centuries,"  says  Lysons,  "  they  have  been  men  of  note  in 
Somerset  and  Devon." 

Stafford.     Barons  Stafford,  Dukes  of  Buckingham.     Their  well- 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  333 

known  badge  is  the  "  Stafford  knot "  (Fig.  249),  suggested  probably 
by  the  crossing  of  the  two  S's.  It  is  to  be  seen  on  the  Stafford  monu- 
ment in  St.  Edmund's  Chapel,  Westminster  Abbey,  and  is  adopted  by 
the  present  Duke  of  Sutherland. 


Fig  249.— Staffoid  Knot. 

On  this  monument,  raised  to  John  Paul  Howard,  Earl  of  Stafford 
(died  1762),  among  the  eighteen  badges  stained  in  the  marble,  is 
one,  azure,  two  barbel  addorsed,  and  between  them  a  fleur-de-lis  in 
chief,  and  another  in  base  or,  composed,  apparently,  from  the  charges 
in  the  arms  of  Anjou  and  those  of  Bar,  the  house  of  Stafford  descend- 
ing by  ten  different  marriages  from  the  ro3al  blood  of  England  and 
France. 

The  Duke  of  Buckingham,  when  giving  livery  of  the  "  knots  of 
Stafford,"  boasted  that  he  had  as  many  of  them  as  Eichard  Nevill, 
Earl  of  Warwick,  had  formerly  of  "  ragged  staves." 

A  cart-wheel,  generally  represented  with  flames  issuing  from  the 
end  of  the  spokes,  is  another  of  the  Stafford  badges.  Humphrey, 
first  Duke  of  Buckingham,  is  designated  by  this  badge — 

"  The  carte  nathe  is  spokeles 
For  the  counseill  that  he  gaff-' 

[Satirical  Verses,  circ.  1449), 

when  offended  by  the  removal  of  his  brothers,  the  chancellor  and 
treasurer,  he  persuaded  King  Henry  VI.  to  receive  the  Duke  of 
York  with  kindness. 

His  grandson  Henry,  second  Duke,  "  the  deep  revolving  wily 
Buckingham,"  was  the  chief  means  of  bringing  Richard  III.  to  the 
crown ;  but  found  too  late  that  tyrants  throw  down  the  ladder  by 
wbich  they  ascend  to  greatness :] 

"  The  first  was  I  that  helped  thee  to  the  crown, 
The  last  was  I  that  felt  thy  tyranny." 

King  Eichard  III.,  Act  v.,  sc.  3. 

1  Weever. 


334  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Nor  was  his  son  Edward,  third  Duke,  "  the  bounteous  Bucking- 
ham, the  mirror  of  courtesy,"  more  fortunate.  Restored  by  the 
favour  of  Henry  VII.,  he  fell  through  the  machinations  of  Wolsey, 
and  was  beheaded  for  high  treason.  Among  other  offences,  he  was 
accused  of  having  consulted  a  wizard  concerning  the  succession ;  and 
his  having  caused  his  motto,  Doresenavant,  "Henceforward,"  to  he 
carved  over  the  great  gate  of  his  house  at  Thornbury,  Gloucestershire, 
was  construed  as  implying  his  intention  of  seizing  the  crown.1  All 
will  remember  his  last  speech  in  Shakspeare's  '  King  Eichard  III.' 
When  the  Emperor  Charles  V.  heard  of  his  death,  he  is  reported  to 
have  said  that  "  a  butcher's  dog  had  torn  down  the  finest  buck  in 
England."2 

At  the  meeting  of  Henry  VIII.  and  Maximilian  before  Therouenne, 
1515,  the  Duke  of  Buckingham  appeared  with  the  badges  of  the 
Bohuns,  as  heir-general  to  Eleanor  Bohun,  whose  estates  Puchard  III. 
had  refused  to  restore  to  his  father.  He  was  attired  "  in  purple  satin, 
his  apparel  and  his  bard,  full  of  antelopes  and  swans  of  fine  gold 
bullion,  and  full  of  spangles." 

The  antelopes  still  remain  on  the  gates  of  Maxstoke  Castle,  War- 
wickshire, with  the  burning  nave,  or  wheel,  of  his  ancestors ;  and  a 
swan  collared  and  chained  is  at  this  time  the  arms  of  the 'town  of 
Buckingham. 

In  the  stained  glass  of  Nettleshed  Court,  Kent,  the  cart-wheel  is 
surrounded  by  a  fold  formed  of  Stafford  knots. 

Henry  Stafford,  created  Earl  of  Wiltshire  by  King  Henry  VIII., 
bore  on  his  banner  the  Bohun  swan,  semee  of  Stafford  knots,  with  the 
motto,  Humble  et  loyal. 

Standish.  An  owl  argent,  holding  in  its  claw  a  rat  sable. 

Stanley.  An  eagle's  leg,  erased  or,  with  the  motto,  Sans  changer 
ma  verite  (Fig.  250).     Also — 

"  The  eagle  and  the  swaddled  chylde"  (Fig.  251). 

The  earliest  authority  for  the  well-known  legend  which  gave  rise 
to  the  Stanley  crest,  is  a  metrical  poem  written  by  Thomas  Stanley, 
Bishop  of  Man,  1510-70,  two  centuries  after  the  supposed  incident. 
He  states  that  Lord  Latham,  dwelling  in  Latham  Hall,  was  a  man  of 

1  Montagu.  2  Camden. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


335 


fourscore  years  of  age,  and  his  lady  as  old,  and  that,  being  without 
hope  of  a  family,  heaven  did  send  them  an  heir  most  miraculously. 
For  an  eagle  had  her  nest  in  Tarlestowe  Wood,  in  which  were  three 


Fig.  250.— Stanley. 

fair  birds  that  were  ready  to  fly ;  and  one  day  she  brought  to  them  a 
goodly  boy,  "  swaddled  and  clad  in  a  mantle  of  red,"  the  news  of 
which  reaching  Lord  Latham,  he  rode  with  all  speed  to  the  wood, 
and  found  the  babe  preserved,  by  God's  grace ;  and  causing  it  to  be 
fetched  down,  he  brought  it  to  his  lady  at  Latham,  where  they  took 


it  as  their  own,  and  "  thanked  God  for  all."  Tie  child  was  appa- 
rently unchristened,  for  salt  was  bound  round  its  neck  in  a  linen 
cloth.  They  had  it  baptised,  therefore,  by  the  name  of  Oskell,  and 
made  it  their  heir  after  them.     "  From  whence  the  child  came,"  saith 


3h6  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

the  bishop,  "  the  truth  no  man  can  show,  neither  where  nor  what 
place  it  was  fetched  from ;  but  the  foundling  grew  to  manhood,  and 
became  the  father  of  Isabella  Latham,  with  whom  Sir  John  Stanley 
fell  in  love,  and  within  a  short  time  stole  her  away.  Sir  Oskell  was 
a  good  man,  and  a  tender  father ;  he  forgave  the  young  people ;  and 
having  honourably  lived,  he  godly  made  his  end,  leaving  his  property 
to  Sir  John  Stanley  and  the  fair  Isabella." 

"  A  most  ancient  and  distinguished  bearing,  the  Eagle  and  the 
Child,"  says  the  author  of  '  Waverley.'1 

This  badge  was  conspicuous  at  Flodden  Field,  when,  says  the 
ballad,  King  James  of  Scotland 

"  Was  prostrate, 
By  the  lielpe  of  th'  eagle  with  her  swaddled  chylde," 

the  overthrow  of  the  Scottish  army  being  mainly  attributed  to  Sir 
Edward  Stanley,  who  commanded  the  rearguard  of  the  English 
army. 

The  eagle's  leg  was  used  as  a  badge  by  Thomas  Lord  Stanley, 
stepfather  of  King  Henry  VII.,  whom  he  crowned  on  the  field  of 
Bos  worth ;  and  it  was  also  on  the  standard,  with  the  eagle  and  child, 
of  his  grandson,  the  second  Earl  of  Derby,  in  1520. 

Stapylton.  Sir  Bryan  Stapylton.  Gules  and  or,  a  talbot  passant, 
the  ear  split  and  bleeding.     Motto,  Mieuxje  sera. 

Stourton,  Baron.  A  golden  sledge  (Fig.  252)  was  the  badge  of 
William,  sixth   Baron   Stourton.     His   son   and   successor,  Charles, 


Fig.  252.— Stourton. 

having  been  concerned  in  the  murder  of  two  persons  of  the  name  of 
Hartgill,  was  tried  in  Westminster  Hall,  and  condemned  to  be  hanged 
with  four  of  his  accomplices.  The  sentence  was  carried  into  effect  at 
Salisbury,  in  1557,  Lord  Stourton  being  executed  with  a  halter  of  silk. 
He  was  buried  in  the  cathedral,  and  "  a  twisted  wire,  with  a  noose, 

1  There  used  to  be  an  old  inn  at  Cambridge,  opposite  St.  John's,  called  "  The  Eagle 
and  Child." 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


337 


emblematical  of  a  halter,  was  hung  over  his  tomb,  as  a  memorial  of  his 
crime,"  where  it  remained  until  about  the  year  1775. 

Strangeways.  The  badge  on  the  standard  of  "  Mayster  Gilys 
Strangways,"  in  1520,  is  a  boar's  head  issuing  out  of  a  ducal  coronet. 
Motto,  Espoure  me  comforte. 

Sudeley.  Baron  of  Sudeley.  A  lizard,  tail  nowed,  vertically, 
ducally  gorged  or,  and  chained  to  a  beacon  of  the  last,  inflamed 
proper. 

Sutton,  Barons  Dudley.  Edward  Sutton,  sixth  Baron  Dudley, 
from  whom  descends  the  present  Lord  Ward,  had  for  his  badge  a 
window-grating,  formed  of  four  perpendicular  and  three  transverse 
bars,  gold  (Fig.  253). 


Fig.  253.— Sutton. 

Sir  Edward  Sutton,  eighth  Baron,  must  be  the  one  alluded  to  in 
the  distich  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  of  four  Northamptonshire  knights — 

'' Gervase '  the  Gentle,  Stanhop  the  Stout, 
Marcharn  the  Lyon,  and  Sutton  the  Lout." 

Swynarton.  Thomas  Swynarton  of  Swynarton,  Staffordshire, 
1520,  bore  on  his  standard,  on  a  mount  vert  covered  with  daisies,  a 
boar  argent,  collar  azure,  charged  with  five  bezants,  holding  in  his 
mouth  a  pomeis  (pomme),  snout,  ears,  and  hoofs  gules,  tusks  and 
bristles  or,  between  four  tufts  of  daisies  argent.  In  B  two,  C  and  D 
two,  tufts  of  daisies.     Motto,  Avanturey  et  marches  avant. 

Talbot.  A  chanfron  or,  adorned  with  three  feathers,  was  the 
badge  of  the  great  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  the  "  Scourge  of  France :" 

"  Our  Talbot,  to  the  French  so  terrible  in  war, 
That  with  his  very  name  their  babes  they  used  to  scare." 

Drayton,  Polyolbion. 


Sir  Gervase  Clifton. 


338  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

"  The  Talbot,  so  much  fear'd  abroad, 
That  with  his  name  the  mothers  still  their  babes.'' 

King  Henry  VI.,  1st  Part,  Act  ii.,  sc.  3. 

"  The  cry  of  Talbot  serves  me  for  a  sword." 

King  Henry  VI.,  1st  Part,  Act  2,  sc.  1. 

His  "  beast "  the  silver  running  hound,  or  talbot — 

"  And  he  is  bounden1  that  our  dor  should  kepe — 
That  is  Talbot,  our  good  dogge." 

Satirical  Verses,  1447. 

Talbot's  great  reputation  was  acquired  during  the  Regency  of  the 

Duke  of  Bedford.     He  was,  however,  defeated  and  taken  prisoner  at 

Patay,  in  1429,  by  the  Maid  of  Orleans. 

At  the  age  of  eighty,  he  was  killed  (with  his  son,  Lord  Lisle) 

before  Chastillon,  1453,  after  having  won  not  less  than  forty  pitched 

battles. 

"  Where  is  the  great  Alcides  of  the  field, 
Valiant  Lord  Talbot,  Earl  of  Shrewsbury? 
Created,  for  bis  rare  success  in  arms, 
Great  Earl  of  Washford,  Waterford,  and  Valence." 

King  Henry  VI.,  1st  Part.  Act  v.,  sc.  1. 

His  remains  repose  at  Whitchurch,  in  Shropshire.  He  wears  the 
mantle  of  the  garter,  and  his  feet  repose  on  a  couchant  talbot. 

On  his  sword  was  inscribed,  Sum  Talhoti  fro  vincere  inimicos 
meos,  "I  am  Talbot's  for  to  conquer  my  enemies." 

Sir  Humphrey  Talbot,  temp.  Edward  IV.,  had  for  badge  a  running 
hound  silver,  charged  on  Ihe  shoulder  with  a  mullet. 

Sir  Robert  Talbot  of  Kymes,  his  contemporary,  had  a  white  bull. 

The  standard  of  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  1520,  was,  gules  and 
sable,  a  ialbot  j>assant  argent,  with  four  chanfrons,  each  adorned  with 
three  feathers  or,  B  one  C  two,  chanfrons. 

Temmes,  Rous  de  Norf.  A  crescent  or,  within  the  horns  an 
eagle  displayed  argent. 

Tey.  Two  hooked  spikes  in  saltire,  the  sinister  azure,  the  dexter 
passing  through  the  other,  or. 

Throckmorton.  On  a  wreath  ermine,  argent  and  gules,  an 
elephant's  head  couped  sable,  ears  and  tusks  or,  between  four  crescents 
or,  B  and  C,  two  crescents. 

1  Or  perhaps  silenced  by  the  grant,  1440,  of  the  Earldom  of  Waterford. 


AND  WAK-CEIES.  339 

Tiptofte,  Earls  of  Worcester.    A  silver  tent,  argent,  fringed  with 
gold  (Fig.  254). 


Fig.  254.— Tiptofte. 

John,  second  Baron,  created  Earl  of  "Worcester,  was  a  literary 
man,  and  a  staunch  Yorkist.  He  was  obliged  to  conceal  himself, 
upon  the  temporary  restoration  of  King  Henry  YL  by  the  Earl  of 
Warwick ;  but,  being  discovered  in  the  upper  branches  of  a  tree,  was 
conveyed  to  London,  and  beheaded  on  Tower  Hill  in  1470. 

Toft,  so  called  from  a  town  of  that  name.  Eoger  de  Toft  lived  in 
1230.     Arms,  argent,  three  text  T's. 

Toftes.     A  snail  issuing  from  its  shell. 

Jone,  widow  of  Eobert  Toft  of  Toft,  married  John  Leycester  of 
Tabley  (temp.  Eichard  II). 

Touchet.     See  Audley. 

Tracey,  Barons  of  Barnstaple.  "  All  the  Traceys  have  the 
wind  in  their  faces."  The  family  being  said  to  have  never  prospered 
after  the  murder  of  Becket. 

Tracey  hid  himself  for  a  fortnight  after  the  deed  in  Crookham 
cavern,  west  of  Ilfracombe,  and  was  supplied  with  food  by  his  daughter. 
He  was  banished  to  the  Woollacombe  sands  to  "make  bundles  and 
wisps  of  the  same,"  and  lived  for  many  years  afterwards. 

Trelawny,  Sir  Jonathan,  one  of  the  seven  bishops  sent  to  the 
Tower  by  James  II.,  in  whose  cause  the  Cornish  miners  were  ready 
to  march  to  London,  to  the  burden  of  their  song — 

"  And  shall  they  scorn  Tre,  Pol,  and  Pen  ? 
And  shall  Trelawney  die? 
Here's  twenty  thousand  Cornish  men 
Will  know  the  reason  why." 

The  bishop's  pastoral  staff  is  preserved  in  the  church  of  St.  Martin, 
East  Looe. 


340  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Trevilian.     A  Cornish  crow,  or  chough.1 

"  The  Cornysche  chawgh  offt  with  his  trayne 
Hath  made  our  egull  blynde  " 

(Satirical  Verses,  1447), 

alludes  to  John  Trevilian,  ancestor  of  the  present  Baronet.  The 
Commons,  in  1451,  prayed  for  his  removal  for  life  from  the  presence 
of  King  Henry  VI.,  he  being  said  to  "have  often  blinded  the  king." 

Tropenell.  In  several  parts  of  their  house  at  Chatfield,  built  in 
the  time  of  Henry  VI.,  their  arms  are  accompanied  by  an  ox-yoke, 
the  family  badge,  and  the  motto,  Le  joug  tire  bellement,  "  The  yoke 
draws  well,"  or  "  The  yoke  sits  lightly :"  expressive  either  of  the 
tenure  under  which  the  estate  is  held,  or  of  their  devotion  to 
agricultural  pursuits. 

Trusbuts,  Barons  of  Wartre,  in  Holderness,  bore,  "  Trois  boutz 
d'eau,"  three  bouts  or  bougets  of  water,  thereby  symbolising  both 
their  family  name  and  their  baronial  estate.  On  the  marriage  of 
Everard  De  Bos  (circ.  1186),  with  Boysia,  the  great  heiress  of  William 
Trusbuts,  the  husband  took  the  arms  of  his  bride's  family.     See  Bos. 

Trussell,  Sir  William.  Black  ass's  head,  with,  about  the  neck, 
a  crown  of  gold. 

Tudor.  Their  arms  were  gules,  a  chevron  between  three  helmets 
argent.  In  the  funeral  procession  of  Queen  Elizabeth  of  York, 
daughter  of  Edward  IV.,  queen  of  Henry  VII.,  the  body  was  preceded 
by  four  banners,  and  followed  by  a  fifth  charged  with  the  head  of  a 
warrior  armed  with  a  helmet — probably  a  badge  derived  from  the 
above  arms. 

"  By  our  great  Merlin  was  it  not  foretold 
(Amongst  his  holy  prophecies  enroll'd) 
When  first  he  did  of  Tudor's  name  divine, 
That  kings  and  queens  should  follow  in  our  line  ? 
And  that  the  helm  (the  Tudor's  ancient  crest) 
Should  with  the  golden  fiow'r-de-luce  he  drest  ? 
As  that  the  leek  (our  country's  chief  renown) 
Should  grow  with  roses  in  the  English  crown  ? 
As  Charles  his  daughter,  you  the  lily  wear ; 
As  Henry's  queen,  the  blushing  rose  you  bear." 

Drayton,  Heroical  Epistle,  Owen  Tudor  to  Queen  Catherine. 


1  "  The  crows  and  choughs  that  wing  the  midnight  ah." 

King  Lear,  Act  iv.,  sc.  6. 


AND  WAK-CRIES. 


341 


Tyrell.  On  the  standard  of  Thomas  Tyrell,  of  Gypping,  in 
Suffolk,  is  a  triangular  fret  or  (Fig.  255).  Motto,  Tout  pour  le 
mieulx. 


Fig.  255.— Tyrell. 

Vaughan.  A  child's  head  couped  at  the  shoulders  proper,  crined 
or,  round  the  neck,  a  snake  azure. 

Sir  Hugh  Vaughan  de  Lytylton.  A  griffin  passant,  double 
queued,  &c,  three  fishes'  heads  erased,  and  erect  or,  each  ingrillant 
of  a  spear  head  argent,  B  and  C,  two  fishes'  heads. 

In '  King  Kichard  III.,'  the  Duchess  of  York  asks  the  messenger — 

"  What  is  thy  news  ? 
Mess.  Lord  Eivers,  and  Lord  Grey,  are  sent  to  Pomfret, 
With  them  Sir  Thomas  Vaughan,  prisoners." 

Act  ii.,  sc.  4. 

Vaux.     A  griffin's  head  erased,  sable. 

Yere,  Earl  of  Oxford  (a  title  retained  in   the   family  for   five 
hundred  and  sixty-seven  years),  Marquis  of  Dublin,  Duke  of  Ireland. 
A  mullet1  of  five  points,  argent  (Fig.  256). 


Fig.  257.— Vere. 


Fig.  256.— Vere. 

A  long-neck  silver  bottle,  with  a  blue  cord  (Fig.  257)  :  in  allusion  to 
the  hereditary  office  of  Lord  High  Chamberlain,  conferred  by  Henry  I. 


1  Much  dispute  lias  arisen  respecting 
tins  bearing.  Those  who  consider  it  as 
the  rowel  of  a  spur  derive  it  from  the 
French  "  molette,"  hut  the  spur  was 
never  of  five  points  before  Cliarles  I.,  nor 


of  six  before  Henry  VI.;   previously   it       a.d.  1399  and  1461. 


was  furnished  with  a  "  rouelle,"  or  little 
wheel  sometimes  serrated.  Guillim  says 
others  derive  it  from  the  five-fingered 
star-fish.  Mullets  are  on  the  groats  of 
Henry  IV.,  V.,  and  VI. ;    i.e.,  between 


342 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


Fig.  258  is  given  (Harl.  MS.,  1073)  as  "a  badge  of  the  Vere 
family  from  all  antiquity."  It  is  difficult  to  say  what  it  is  intended  to 
represent. 

A  chair  (Fig.  259)  is  another  of  their  badges,  and  a  blue  boar. 


Fig.  258.— Vere. 


Fig.  259.— Vere. 


The  legend  of  the  star  of  Vere  is  thus  given  by  Leland :  "  In  the 
year  of  our  Lord  1098,  Corborant,  Admiral  to  the  Soudan  of  Perce 
(Persia),  was  fought  with  at  Antioch,  and  discomfited  by  the  Chris- 
tianes.  The  night  cumming  on  yn  the  chace  of  this  battile,  and  waxing 
dark,  the  Christianes  being  four  miles  from  Antioche,  God  willing  the 
saufte  (safety)  of  the  Christianes,  shewed  a  white  star,  or  molette,  of 
five  pointes,  on  the  Christian  hoste,  which  to  every  mannes  sighte  did 
lighte,  and  arrest  upon  the  standard  of  Albry  de  Vere,  there  shyning 
excessively." 

Hence  the  mullet  was  adopted  as  a  badge  of  the  De  Veres.  It 
proved  fatal  to  the  Lancastrian  cause  at  the  Battle  of  Barnet,  1471, 
when  "  The  Erie  of  Oxford's  men  had  a  starre  with  stream es  booth 
before  and  behind  on  their  lyverys."  King  Edward's  men  had  the 
sun.  The  Earl  of  Warwick's  men,  by  reason  of  the  mist,  mistook 
Oxford's  badge  for  that  of  King  Edward,  and  charged  among  them. 
They,  not  kD  owing  the  cause  of  the  error,  cried  out,  "  Treason ! 
treason  !  We  are  all  betrayed."  Hereupon,  the  Earl  of  Oxford  fled, 
the  Yorkists  gained  the  battle,  and  Warwick  was  slain.1  Drayton 
thus  relates  the  circumstance  : 

"  The  envious  mist  so  much  deceived  their  sight, 
That  where  eight  hundred  men,  which  valiaut  Oxford  brought, 
Wore  comets  on  their  coats,  great  "Warwick's  force,  which  thought 
They  had  King  Edward's  been,  which  so  with  suns  were  drest, 
First  made  their  shot  at  them,  who,  by  their  friends  distiest, 
Constrained  were  to  fly,  being  scatter'd  here  and  there." 

Battle  of  Barnet  (Polyulbion). 


Baker's  '  Chronicle.' 


AND  WAE-CEIES.  343 

The  blue  boar  is  an  ancient  cognisance  of  the  family.  Robert  de 
Vere,  Duke  of  Ireland,  the  favourite  of  Richard  II.,  is  designated  by 
the  poet  Gower  by  his  badge  of  the  boar. 

Towards  the  end  of  the  street  of  St.  Mary- Axe  stood  the  mansion 
of  Richard  Vere,  eleventh  Earl  of  Oxford,  in  the  time  of  Henry  V. 
A  tradesman's  token  exists  "At  the  Bleu  Boore  without  Bishopsgate." 
And  Stowe  speaks  of  John  de  Vere,  sixteenth  Earl,  riding  into  the 
city  "  to  his  house  by  London  stone,  with  eighty  gentlemen  in  a  livery 
of  Reading  tawny,  and  chains  of  gold  about  their  necks,  before  him, 
and  one  hundred  tall  yoemen  in  the  like  livery  to  follow  him,  without 
chaines,  but  all  having  his  cognisance  of  the  Blew  Bore  embroydered 
on  their  left  shoulder." 

In  the  Church  of  Framlingham,  Suffolk,  is  the  monument  of 
Frances  de  Vere,  wife  of  Henry,  Earl  of  Surrey.  Her  feet  repose 
upon  a  blue  boar.  The  Vere  motto,  Vero  nil  verius,  "  Nothing  truer 
than  truth  (Vere),"  is  said  to  have  been  pronounced  by  Queen  Elizabeth, 
in  commendation  of  the  loyalty  of  the  family. 

Staunch  Lancastrians,  the  Veres  adhered  with  unswerving  loyalty 
to  the  Red  Rose,  and  the  consequences  were  exile  and  death.  At  one 
time,  John  de  Vere,  twelfth  Earl,  was  a  common  mendicant  abroad, 
and  his  countess  a  poor  workwoman  earning  her  bread  by  her  needle. 
The  earl  was  at  length  captured,  and,  with  his  son,  beheaded.  John, 
the  younger  son,  his  successor,  thus  alludes  to  their  death  : 

"  Call  him  my  king,  by  whose  injurious  doom 
My  elder  brother,  the  Lord  Aubrey  Vere. 
Was  done  to  death  ?  and  more  so,  my  father, 
Even  in  the  downfall  of  his  mellow  years, 
Wheu  nature  brought  him  to  the  door  of  death  ? 
No,  Warwick,  no;  while  life  upholds  this  arm, 
This  arm  upholds  the  house  of  Lancaster." 

King  Henry  VI.,  3rd  Part,  Act  iii.,  sc.  3. 

Verney.  Mayster  Rauff,  of  Pendeley,  in  Hertfordshire,  1520, 
bore  on  his  standard  ermine,  a  demi  phoenix  in  flames  proper,  in  the 
sinister  chief  corner  clouds,  and  issuant  therefrom  rays  of  the  sun. 
In  the  dexter  chief  and  sinister  base  a  mullet  or,  fimbriated  gules,  B 
two,  C  four,  mullets. 

Vernon,  Syr  Henry  Vernon.  On  a  wreath  a  boar's  head  erased, 
between  four  frets  sable,  in  B  one,  C  two,  frets. 


344  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Villiers.  John  Yillers  de  Brokesby,  Leicester.  On  a  wreath  ermine 
a  buck's  head  erased,  and  three  cocks  gules,  winged  or.  B  and  C  a 
cock. 

Vepont.  The  town  of  Appleby  was  given  by  King  John  to 
John  de  Veteri  Ponte,  or  Vipont,  as  a  reward  for  good  services. 

In  the  roll  of  Henry  III.,  John  de  Vipount  is  blazoned  "  de  goules 
a  six  faux  rondlets  d'or,"  not  as  rings,  but  as  voided  roundels. 

In  the  roll  of  the  time  of  Edward  III.,  "Monsire  de  Vipointe 
porte  d'or  a  vj  annulettes  gules."  The  Vipontes  (Yieux  pont)  may 
have  assumed  the  six,  VI.,  round  spots,  painted  to  symbolise  their 
name,  in  conformity  with  the  fashion  of  the  time. 

Robert  de  Yipont,  who  died  in  1267,  left  two  daughters  co- 
heiresses ;  from  Isabel,  who  married  Roger  Clifford,  the  annulets 
descended  to  that  family  (see). 

Warburton.  Mayster  Warburton,  de  Warburton,  in  Cheshire. 
On  a  wreath  a  Saracen's  head,  &c,  between  four  cormorants'  heads 
erased  sable.  B  two,  C  three,  cormorants'  heads  (present  arms),  Je 
vouldroie  avoir. 

Wareham.  George  Warham  de  Malsanger,  county  Salop.  A  demi 
goat.     B  and  C  the  same.     Motto,  A  V  ay  die  de  Dieu. 

Wake.  The  Wake  and  Ormond  knot  is  a  W  intersecting  two  O's 
(Fig  260).     It  is  now  borne  by  the  family  as  a  crest. 


Fig.  260.— Wake  and  Ormond  Knot. 

Walcot,  of  Bitterley,  Shropshire.  "John  Walcot  playing  at  chess 
with  King  Henry,  he  gave  him  the  check-mate  with  the  rooke,  where- 
upon the  king  changed  his  coat  of  arms,  which  was  the  cross  with 
fleur-de-lis,  and  gave  him  the  rooke  for  a  remembrance."  Arms, 
argent,  a  chevron  between  three  chess  rooks,  ermine. 

Wales.1  Badges :  A  golden  castle.2  A  cock  gules,  crowned  ermine.3 

"  Cadwallader  and  all  his  goats." 

King  Henry  V.,  Act  v.,  sc.  4. 

1  See  England,  George  I.  2  Harl.  MS.  1471.  3  Ibid.  304. 


AND  WAE-CEIES.  315 

"  Pendragon,  like  his  father  Jove, 

Was  fed  -with  milk  of  goat; 
And  like  him  made  a  noble  shield 

Of  she-goat's  shaggy  coat ; 
On  top  of  burnish'd  helmet  he 

Did  wear  a  crest  of  leeks, 
And  onions'  heads,  whose  dreadful  nod 

Drew  tears  down  hostile  cheeks." 

St.  George  for  England  {Percy  Beliques).    J.  Grubb,  1697. 

Wallop.  Sir  John  Wallop,  a  distinguished  admiral  in  the  time 
of  Henry  VIII.,  bore  for  his  badge  a  black  mermaid  with  golden  hair. 
A  mermaid  is  the  present  Portsmouth  crest. 

Warwick,  Earls  of.  The  title  of  Warwick  has  been  borne  succes- 
sively by  the  families  of  Newburgh,  Beauchamp,  Nevill,  Plantagenet, 
and  Dudley. 

The  bear  and  ragged  staff  (Fig  261)  belonged  to  the  Saxon  lords 


Fig.  261.— Warwick. 

of  Warwick,  and  was  adopted  by  the  Newburghs,  first  lords  after  the 
Conquest.  It  is  a  combination  of  two  badges  of  that  ancient  line 
which  sprang,  according  to  family  tradition,  from  Arthgal,  one  of  the 
knights  of  the  Piound  Table.  Arsh  or  Narsh,  in  the  British  language, 
is  said  to  signify  a  bear— hence  this  ensign  was  adopted  as  a  rebus  or 
play  upon  his  name. 

"Arthgal,  the  first  Earl  of  Warwick,  in  the  days  of 
King  Arture,  and  was  one  of  the  Round  Table.     This 
Arthgal  took  a  here  in  his  arms,  for  that,  in 
Britisch,  sonndeth  a  bere  in  English." 

Leland's  Collectanea. 

Morvidus,  another  earl  of  the  same  family,  a  man  of  wonderful 
valour,  slew  a  giant  with  a  young  tree  torn  up  by  the  roots,  and  hastily 


346  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

trimmed  of  its  boughs.  In  memory  of  this  exploit,  his  successors  bore 
as  their  cognisance  a  silver  staff  on  a  shield  sable.  Fig.  262  is  from 
the  Lansdowne  MS.  882.     Of  the  valiant  Earl  Sir  Guy,  who 

"  did  quell  that  monstrous  cow, 
The  passengers  that  us'd  from  Dunsmore  to  affright " 

(Polyolhion), 

the  adventures  are  fully  related  in  '  The  Legend  of  Sir  Guy,'  published 
in  the  '  Percy  Beliques  :' 

"  On  Dunsmore  Heath,  I  also  slewe 
A  monstrous  wyld  and  cruell  beast, 
Call'd  the  Dun-cow  of  Dunsmore  Heath ; 
Which  manye  people  had  opprest. 

11  Some  of  her  bones  in  Warwicke  yett 
Still  for  a  monument  doe  lye  ; 
And  there  expos' d  to  lookers'  viewe, 
As  wonderous  strange,  they  may  espye." 

The  Legend  of  Sir  Guy  {Percy  Beliques). 

"  The  noble  Earl  of  Warwick,  that  was  call'd  Sir  Guy, 
The  infidels  and  pagans  stoutlie  did  defie  ; 
He  slew  the  giant  Brandimore ;  and  after  was  the  death 
Of  that,  most  ghastly  dun  cow,  the  divile  of  Dunsmore  Heath." 

St.  George  for  England  {Percy  Beliques). 

And  again : 

"At  once  she  kickt  and  pusht  at  Guy, 
But  all  that  would  not  fright  him, 
Who  wav'd  his  winyard  o'er  Sir  Loyn, 
As  if  he'd  gone  to  knight  him." 

Ibid. 

By  marriage,  the  earldom  of  Warwick  devolved  upon  the 
Beauchamp  family — "  Bold  Beauchamps,"  as  they  were  styled : 

"  That  brave  and  godlike  brood  of  Beauchamps,  which  so  long, 
Them  Earls  of  Warwick  held  ;  so  hardy,  great,  and  strong, 
That  after,  of  that  name  it  to  an  adage  grew, 
If  any  man  avent'rous  hapt  to  shew, 
Bold  Beauchamp  men  him  term'd,  if  none  so  bold  as  he." 

Drayton,  Polyolbion. 

Thomas  de  Beauchamp,  fourth  Earl,  who  died  in  1406,  bequeathed 
to  his  son  Richard  "  a  bed  of  silk,  embroidered  with  bears ;"  likewise 
the  harness  with  "ragged  staves."  His  effigy  on  the  monument 
erected  to  him  and  his  wife  in  St.  Mary's  Church,  Warwick,  has  the 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  347 

jupon  charged  with  cross  crosslets ;  the  Beauchamp  arms,  the  plate  of 
his  elbow,  and  scabbard  of  his  sword,  are  decorated  with  ragged  staves  ; 
his  feet  rest  upon  a  bear,  and  the  monument  is  profusely  decorated 
with  the  family  badge. 


Fig.  262.— Morvidus,  Earl  of  Warwick. 

His  son  Richard,  fifth  Earl, — the  very  personification  of  Chaucer's 
true  knight,  who 

"  loved  chivalrie, 
Truth  and  honour,  freedom  and  curtesie," — 

was  sent  on  an  embassy  to  the  Council  of  Constance.  In  a  tilting 
match  which  took  place  before  the  Emperor  Sigismund  and  his 
Empress,  a  German  knight  challenged  Earl  Eichard  "  for  his  Lady's 
sake,"  and  was  killed  in  the  encounter.  The  Empress  was  so  struck 
with  the  earl's  prowess,  that  she  "  toke  the  earl's  livery,  a  bere,  from  a 
knyghte's  shuldre,  and  fer  gret  love  and  favour  she  sett  hit  on  her 
shuldre ;  then  Erie  Eichard  made  oone  of  perle  and  precious  stones, 
and  offered  her  that,  and  she  gladly  and  lovyngly  received  hit." 

On  the  death  of  the  Duke  of  Bedford,  Earl  Eichard  was  appointed 
Lieutenant-General  of  France,  and  embarked  for  that  country.  Being 
overtaken  by  a  tempest,  he  caused  himself  to  be  attired  in  the  tabard 
of  his  arms,  his  wife  and  son  to  be  lashed  together  to  the  mast  of  the 
vessel,  that  if  their  bodies  were  found,  they  might  be  all  interred  with 


348  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

the  honour  that  belonged  to  their  house.  He  died  at  Kouen,  in  1439, 
having,  by  his  will,  directed  that  his  body  should  be  brought  to 
England,  and  interred  in  the  stately  monument  appointed  by  him  to 
be  built  in  the  Church  of  St.  Mary,  Warwick.  This  magnificent  tomb 
rivals  in  splendour  that  of  King  Henry  VII.  In  his  epitaph,  bears  and 
ragged  staves  are  introduced  as  stops. 

In  an  account  given  by  Dugdale  of  Earl  Richard  with  William 
Seburgh,  "  citizen  and  payntour  of  London,"  are  charged — 

"  cccc  pencels  bete  with  the  raggide  staffe  of  silver,  and  a  gyton 
for  the  shippe  of  vii  yerdes  long,  powdrid  full  of  raggid  staves. 

"xviij  standardes  of  worsted,  entertailed  with  the  bere  and  a 
cheyne. 

"  Grete  stremour  for  the  shippe,  si  yerdes  length,  and  viij  yerdes 
in  brede,  with  a  grete  bere  and  gryfon  holding  a  raggid  staffe,  powdrid 
full  of  raggid  staves." 

On  the  death  of  Earl  Richard's  granddaughter,  the  honours  of 
the  illustrious  house  of  Beauchamp  devolved  upon  the  Lady  Anne 
Beauchamp,  wife  of  Richard,  Earl  of  Salisbury,  who  was  subsequently 
created  Earl  of  Warwick,  1442  :  the  "  stout  Earl,"  as  he  was  styled— 

"  Proud  setter  up  and  puller  down  of  kings." 

King  Henry  YI.,  3rd  Part,  Act  iii.,  sc.  3. 

"  The  greatest  and  best  of  our  old  Norman  chivalry,  kinglier  in  pride, 
in  state,  in  possessions,  and  in  renown,  than  the  king  himself." 

"  Who  liv'd  king,  but  I  could  dig  his  grave, 
And  who  durst  smile,  when  Warwick  bent  his  brow  ?  " 

King  Henry  VI.,  3rd  Part,  Act  v.,  sc.  2. 

First  attached  to  the  house  of  York,  he  was  made  Captain-General 
of  Calais,  where  Comines  reports  he  was  so  popular,  that  every  one 
wore  his  badge,  no  man  esteeming  himself  gallant  whose  head  was  not 
adorned  with  his  ragged  staff,  nor  no  door  frequented  that  had  not  his 
white  cross  painted  thereon. 

In  Akerman's  '  Tradesmen's  Tokens '  we  find  the  "  Bare  and  raged 
stafe  "  in  Lambeth,  Southwark,  Turnstile  Alley,  and  Kent  Street. 

Warwick  Lane,  near  St.  Paul's,  took  its  name  from  the  house  of 
the  Beauchamps,  which  fell  to  Richard  Neville.  Stowe  mentions  his 
coming  into  London,  in  1458,  with  600  men,  all  in  red  jackets 
embroidered  with  ragged  staves  before  and  behind,  and  was  lodged  in 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  349 

Warwick  Lane,  in  whose  house  there  was  often  six  oxen  eaten  at  a 
breakfast,  and  "  every  taverne  was  fule  of  his  meate,  for  hee  that  had 
any  acquaintance  in  that  house  might  have  there  so  much  of  sodden 
and  rost  meet  as  he  could  pricke  and  carry  upon  a  long  dagger." 

Shakspeare  constantly  designates  him  by  his  cognisance.     In  the 
2nd  Part  of  '  King  Henry  VI.,'  Act  v.,  sc.  1,  the  Duke  of  York  says : 

"  Call  hither  to  the  stake  my  two  brave  bears, 
That,  with  the  very  shaking  of  their  chains, 
They  may  astonish  these  fell  lurking  curs ; 
Bid  Salisbury  and  Warwick  come  to  me. 

Enter  Warwick  and  Salisbury. 

Clifford. 

"  Are  these  thy  bears  ?  we'll  bait  thy  bears  to  death, 
And  manacle  the  bearward  in  their  chains, 
If  thou  dar'st  bring  them  to  the  baiting  place. 

Richard  Plantagenet. 

"  Oft  have  I  seen  a  hot  o'erweening  cur 
Run  back  and  bite,  because  he  was  withheld ; 
Who,  being  suffer  d  with  the  bear's  fell  paw, 
Hath  clapp'd  his  tail  between  his  legs,  and  cry'd : 
And  such  a  piece  of  service  will  you  do, 
If  you  appear  yourselves  to  match  Lord  Warwick." 

And  again : 

Clifford. 

"  Might  I  but  know  thee  by  thy  household  badge. 

Warwick. 

"  Now  by  my  father's  badge,  old  Nevil's  crest, 
The  rampant  bear  chained  to  the  ragged  staff, 

This  day  I'll  lift  aloft  my  burgonet 

***** 

Even  to  affright  thee  with  a  view  thereof." 

Clifford. 

"  And  from  thy  burgonet  I'll  rend  thy  bear, 
And  tread  it  under  foot  with  all  contempt, 
Despight  the  bearward  that  protects  the  bear." 

Drayton  makes  Queen  Margaret  exclaim : 

"  Who  will  muzzle  that  unruly  bear, 
Whose  presence  strikes  our  people's  hearts  with  fear?" 

Queen  Margaret  to  Sufolh. 


350 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


And  in  other  of  his  poems,  she  reproaches  Warwick  for  his  adherence 
to  the  house  of  York  : 

<:  That  valour  thou  on  Edward  dids't  bestow, 
0  had'st  thou  shew'd  for  him  thou  here  dost  see, 
Our  damask  roses  had  adorned  thy  crest, 
And  with  their  wreaths  thy  ragged  staves  been  drest." 

Miseries  of  Queen  Margaret. 

When  resentful  of  the  injuries  he  had  received  from  King  Edward, 
Warwick  joined  the  Lancastrians,  a  numerous  army  flew  to  his  standard, 
every  one  was  proud  of  wearing  his  cognisance,  the  hear  and  ragged 
staff,  in  his  cap,  some  of  gold  enamelled,  others  of  silver,  and  those 
who  could  not  afford  the  precious  metals,  cut  them  out  of  white  silk 
or  cloth.1     But,  as  Drayton  says, 

"  Fortune  to  his  end,  this  mighty  Warwick  brings, 
This  puissant  setter  up,  and  pluckcr  down  of  kings; 
He  who  those  battles  won  with  so  much  blood  and  cost, 
At  Baraet's  fatal  field  both  blood  and  foituue  lost.  ' 

Polyolbion. 

The  earldom  of  Warwick  was  revived  hy  King  Edward  VI.,  in 
favour  of  John  Dudley,  afterwards  Duke  of  Northumberland,  father  of 
Lord  Guildford  Dudley,  and  of  Bobert,  Earl  of  Leicester,  the  ill-fated 
favourite  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  The  title  devolved  on  his  elder  brother 
Ambrose,  but  Leicester  adopted  the  Warwick  cognisance.2 

The  brethren  of  Leicester's  Hospital  at  Warwick,  founded  by  the 
earl,  wear  gowns  of  blue  cloth,  with  the  bear  and  ragged  staff 
embroidered  on  the  left  sleeve,  without  which  they  are  enjoined  not 
to  appear  in  the  public  streets ;  and  in  the  church  of  Kenil worth  the 
well-known  cognisance  is  observable. 

Leicester's  new  year's  gift,  in  1574,  to  Queen  Elizabeth  was  a  fan 
of  white  feathers  set  in  a  handle  of  gold  and  precious  stones,  "  on  each 


1  Stowe. 

2  In  Warwickshire  there  is  a  proverb 
that  "  The  bear  wants  a  tail  and  cannot 
be  a  lion,"  which  Fuller  explains  thus : 
when  Robert  Dudley,  Eurl  of  Leicester, 
was  Governor  of  the  Low  Countries,  dis- 
using his  own  coat  of  the  green  lion  with 
two  tails,  he  signed  all  instruments  with 
the  bear  and  ragged  staff.  Being  sus- 
pected of  an  ambitious  design  of  making 
himself  absolute  over  the  Low  Countries 
(as  the  lion  is  the  king  of  beasts),  some 


of  the  enemies  of  the  earl,  and  friends 
to  the  freedom  of  the  Dutch,  wrote  under 
his  crest  set  up  in  public  places,  Ursa 
caret  cauda,  non  queat  esse  leo — 

"The  bear,  he  never  can  prevail 
To  lion  it  for  want  ol  tail." 

This  proverb  is  applied  to  those  who, 
not  content  with  their  own  condition, 
aspire  to  what  is  above  their  worth  to 
deserve,  or  power  to  achieve. — Bohn's 
Proverbs. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  351 

side  a  white  bear  and  two  pearls  hanging,  a  lion  ramping,  with  a  white 
muzzled  bear  at  his  feet." 

"  The  ragged  staves,"  says  Miss  Strickland,  "  are  also  audaciously 
introduced  with  true  love-knots  of  pearls  and  diamonds,  in  a  head- 
dress he  presented  to  his  royal  mistress,  in  the  twenty- second  year  of 
her  reign." 

Mrs.  Sigourney,  the  American  poetess,  thus  alludes  to  Warwick  in 

his  stately  castle : 

"  In  yon  lofty  hall, 
Hung  round  with  ancient  armour,  interspersed 
With  branching  antlers  of  the  hunted  stag, 
Fancy  depictureth  a  warrior-shade, 
The  swarth  king-maker,  he  who  bore  so  high 
His  golden  coronet,  and  on  his  shield 
'  The  bear  and  ragged  staff.'     At  his  rough  grasp 
The  warring  roses  quaked,  and,  like  the  foam 
That  crests  the  wave  one  moment,  and  the  next 
Dies  at  its  feet,  alternate  rose  and  sank 
The  crowned  heads  of  York  and  Lancaster." 

Warwickshire  Codnty  has  the  bear  for  badge : 

"  Stout  Warwickshire,  her  ancient  badge  the  bear." 

Drayton. 
And  again : 

"  Quoth  warlike  Warwickshire,  I'll  bind  the  sturdy  bears." 

Ibid. 

Water  Bailiff  op  the  Biter  Thames  has  a  silver  oar,  as 
Conservator  of  the  Biver  Thames ;  as  has  also  the  Mayor  of 
Southampton. 

Welche.  On  a  gorged  or  and  azure,  a  goat's  head,  ermine  azure, 
armed  or.  At  the  end  of  each  horn  a  hawk's  bell  of  the  last,  the  neck 
charged  with  three  bezants. 

Wells.  A  bucket  with  chains,  in  allusion  to  the  name.  Lionel, 
Lord  Welles,  a  staunch  Lancastrian,  fell  at  the  battle  of  Towton : 

"  Lord  Dudley  and  Lord  Wells,  both  warlike  wights." 

Drayton,  Polyolbion. 

Wentworth.  Sir  Bichard  Wentworthe,  of  Netyllstede,  in  Suffolk ; 
his  standard,  1520,  was  a  griffin  statant,  with  three  covered  cups,  and 
annulets.     B  and  C,  in  each  the  cup  between  two  annulets. 

In  the  Harl.  MS.,  4632,  a  silver  flagon,  with  a  napkin  round  the 
handle,  is  given  as  the  badge  of  this  family. 


352  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Whig  (The)  badge  was  a  brass  fusee,  about  two  inches  long,  worn 
at  the  waistcoat  breast. 

The  former  badge  of  the  Orange  party  was  a  little  pewter 
warming-pan. 

Widville,  Elizabeth,  married,  first,  Lord  Grey  of  Groby,  who  fell 
at  the  second  battle  of  Barnet,  fighting  on  the  Lancastrian  side ;  and 
secondly,  King  Edward  IV.     She  bore  a  pink. 

Williams.  Sir  John  Williams,  created  by  Queen  Mary  Lord 
Williams  of  Thame,  bore  as  his  badge  an  eel-basket  (Fig.  263),  or  eel- 


Fig.  263.— Williams. 


pot,  such  as  are  used  in  the  Thames,  in  token  of  his  office  of  chief 
supervisor  of  the  swans  in  that  river  and  other  waters  in  England, 
except  in  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster.     His  motto  was,  A  tous  venant. 
Willoughby.     A  buckle  (Fig.  264) ;  a  wheel  (Fig.  265). 


Fig.  264.— Willougbby.  Fig.  265.— Willoughby. 

Sir  John  de  Willoughby,  one  of  the  heroes  of  Cressy,  bore  on  each 
side  of  his  seal  one  of  the  above  badges — the  buckle  derived  from  his 
wife  Joan,  one  of  the  coheiresses  of  Sir  Thomas  Eocelyn,  who  bore 
gules,  crossilly,  three  buckles  argent,  on  his  arms ;  the  mill-sail  from 
the  Beks,  of  Eresby,  whose  arms  were  gules,  a  mill-sail,  argent.  In 
the  '  Satirical  Poem '  (circ.  1447)  so  often  quoted,  Lord  Willoughby  is 
accused  of  indolence : 

"  Our  Mylle-saylle  will  not  bowte, 
-    Hit  Lath  so  long  goon  emptye." 

Lord  Willoughby  de  Broke,  Lord  High  Admiral  and  favourite  of 


AND  WAE-CEIES.  353 

Henry  VIII.,  took  the  rudder  of  a  ship  for  his  cognisance,  and  it  is 
painted  on  the  glass  windows  of  his  house  at  Broke,  Wiltshire. 

Sir  Henry  Willoughby  (of  Pollings).  On  a  wreath  or  and  gules, 
an  owl  argent,  ducally  crowned  or. 

Sir  Henry  Willoughby.  A,  a  griffin  passant  argent,  between  five 
water  bougets,  also  argent.  B  two,  C  four,  water  bougets.  Sanse 
changer. 

The  Lord  Willoughby.  Argent  and  gules.  A  moor's  head  (without 
neck)  full  faced,  the  tongue  hanging  out,  and  ducally  crowned,  with  two 
smaller  heads.   B  two  and  C  three  ditto.    Verite  est  sens  pere  (peur). 

Lord  Willoughby,  temp.  Elizabeth,  had  a  griffin  and  an  owl, 
crowned,  on  his  standard.     Motto,  Apprendre  et  tenir. 

Wiltshire,  Earl  of.     See  Stafford. 

Wingfield.  Two  wings  displayed,  argent,  united  by  a  cord  in 
fret  or. 

Sir  John  Wingfield's  brass,  St.  Mary's,  Letheringham,  Suffolk.  On 
his  jupon  are  his  arms,  argent,  on  a  bend,  gules,  between  three  cotises 
sable,  three  pairs  of  wings  joined  in  leure  of  the  field. 

Wodehouse.     A  golden  club.     Motto,  Frappes  fort. 

Woodstock.     A  stem  of  oak,  leaved  and  fruited,  or. 

The  mother  of  Archbishop  Bourchier  was  the  daughter,  and  at 
length  sole  heir,  of  Thomas  of  Woodstock,  Duke  of  Gloucester,  find 
this  badge  appears  to  have  been  adopted  in  allusion  to  this  descent. 

Wyatt.  A  pair  of  horse  barnacles  argent,  ringed  and  corded  or. 

Wyndesore,  Sir  Andrew.  An  unicorn  between  two  stags,  heads 
couped,  all  argent.     B,  like  stags'  heads,  C  one  ditto. 

Yeo,  of  Heampton,  in  Devon.  On  an  ermine  argent  a  peacock. 
B  and  C  ditto. 

Zouche,  Lord.  An  ass's  head  and  a  silver  falcon  (the  present  sup- 
porters). John  Zouche,  of  Codnor,. county  Derby,  time  of  Henry  YI1L, 
bore  it  on  his  standard,  with  the  motto,  Grace  serra  le  bien  venu. 
His  son's  motto  was,  Virtute  non  vi,  "  By  virtue  (valour),  not 
force." 

A  rudder  sable,  tiller  and  stays  or,  is  another  of  the  Zouche  badges. 
Motto,  Feare  God,  and  love. 

Philippe,  Countess  of  March,  bequeaths  to  her  son  Edmond  "  un 
lit  de  bleu  taffeta  embroudez  des  asnes  merchez  en  l'espaule  ove  une 
rose." 

2  A 


354  HISTOKIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


BADGES  OF  THE  KINGS  OF  ENGLAND. 

Arthur,  the  mythic  King  of  Britain  in  the  sixth  century.  The 
arms  assigned  to  him  are  azure,  three  crowns  proper.  The  Knights 
of  the  Batli1  "were  anciently  distinguished  by  an  escutcheon  upon  the 
left  shoulder  of  azure  silk,  charged  with  three  crowns,  and  over  this 
escutcheon  the  motto,  Trois  en  un.  King  Arthur's  shield  now  forms 
the  centre  of  the  star  of  the  Bath. 

St.  Edward  the  Confessor.  St.  Edward  was  alwrays  a  favourite 
saint  with  the  English  monarchs.  Henry  II.  removed  the  body  of  the 
Confessor  into  a  feretery  prepared  for  it,  and  Henry  III.  erected  in  his 
chapel  in  Westminster  Abbey  a  stately  feretery  of  pure  gold.  He 
always  swore  by  St.  Edward,  and  gave  his  name  to  his  eldest  son,  who 
here  .offered  up  at  his  shrine  the  Scottish  regalia  and  the  coronation 
chair  from  Scone.  Eichard  II.  impaled  the  Confessor's  arms  with  his 
own,  as  may  be  seen  by  the  banner  of  the  king  on  the  monumental 
brass  of  Sir  Simon  de  Felbrig,  his  standard-bearer,  at  Felbrig,  in 
Norfolk.  Henry  V.  removed  St.  Edward's  body,  and  deposited  it  on 
the  south  side  of  the  shrine.  Solemn  processions  were  made  here 
after  the  victory  of  Agincourt ;  and  it  wras  on  his  knees  before  this 
shrine  that  Henry  V.  was  seized  with  the  apoplectic  fit  of  which  he 
died.  Eichard  III.  and  his  wife,  previous  to  their  coronation,  walked 
barefoot  from  Westminster  Hall  to  make  their  offering  at  the  shrine.2 

Arms  were  invented  for  Edward  the  Confessor  in  the  time  of 
Edward  I.  The  Anglo-Norman  heralds  wrere  probably  guided  in  their 
choice  by  a  coin  of  that  monarch,  upon  the  reverse  of  which  appears  a 
plain  cross,  with  four  birds,  one  in  each  angle.  The  arms,  as  then 
blazoned,  are  azure,  a  cross  flory  between  five  martlets,  or,  and  formed 
the  standard  of  St.  Edward  as  usually  displayed  by  the  English 
monarchs  down  to  the  fifteenth  century.3 

1  They  were  sometimes  styled,  Knights  land.    The  red  cross  on  a  silver  shield  of 
of  the  Crown. — Hume.  St.  George,  so  well  described  by  Spenser — 

2  Dart,  '  Hist,  of  Westminster  Abbey,'  "  0n  bls  brost  a  Woodie  cross  he  bore, 
London,  1818.                                                            ™e  df.re  y^f '>™  of  bi*  dying  Lord, 

Upon  his  shield  the  like  was  also  scored 
St.  George,  St.  Edmund    (King  of  (Faerie  Queene,  1. 1,  2), 

East  Anglia  and  Martyr),  and  St.  Ed-       is  tbe  badge  of  the  Order  of  the  Garter, 

ward  are  the  three  patron  saints  of  Eng-       and    with    the    shields    of    St.  Andrew 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


355 


In  the  Harl.  MS.,  No.  2165,  a  crest  is  given  to  St.  Edward — viz., 
out  of  a  ducal  coronet  or,  a  hand  erect,  proper,  holding  a  gem  ring  of 


Fig.  266.— Kdward  the  Confessor. 

the  first,  jewelled  sapphire  (Fig.  266)— evidently  in  allusion  to  the 
legend  of  the  heavenly  ring  presented  by  a  pilgrim  to  St.  Edward.1 

William  Kufus.  A  young  eagle  gazing  at  the  sun.  Motto, 
Perfero,  "  I  endure  it ;"  "  to  signify,"  says  Guillim,  "  he  was  not  in 
the  least  degenerated  from  his  puissant  father,  the  Conqueror." 

Stephen  of  Blois  is  said  to  have  borne  a  sagittary  as  his  badge, 
because  he  ascended  the  throne  when  the  sun  was   in  the  sign  of 


(azure,  a  saltire  argent),  and  St.  Patrick 
(argent,  a  saltire  gules),  form  the  Union 
Jack  of  Great  Britain. 

1  Havering-atte-Bower,  in  Essex,  is  to 
called  have  ring,  from  a  ling  presented 
here  to  a  pilgrim  by  King  Edward  the 
Confessor,  at  the  consecration  of  the 
church.  The  legend  is,  that  St.  John 
the  Evangelist,  to  whom  the  church  is 
dedicated,  appeared  as  "  a  fair  old  man," 
and  as  his  alms  of  the  king,  received  from 
Lis  Majesty  a  gold  ring,  the  only  pos- 
session he  had  at  the  time  to  bestow, 
and  which  was  returned  to  him  some 
years  after  by  two  pilgiims,  who  had 
received  it  when  travelling  in  the  Holy 
Land  from  the  same  old  man,  together 
with  this  injunction,  "  Say  ye  unto 
Edward  your  king,  that  I  greet  him  well 


by  that  token,  that  he  gave  me  this  ring 
with  his  own  hands,  and  at  the  hallow- 
ing of  my  church,  which  ring  ye  shall 
deliver  to  him  again,  and  say  ye  to  him 
that  he  dispose  of  his  goods,  for  within 
six  months  he  shall  be  in  the  joy  of 
heaven  with  me,  when  he  shall  have  his 
reward  for  his  chastity  and  good  living." 

The  whole  story  is  wrought  in  basso 
relievo,  in  St.  Edward's  Chapel,  West- 
minster Abbey,  where  the  ring  is  said  to 
have  been  deposited. 

Havering-atte-Bower,  or  at  the  Bower, 
derived  its  name  from  its  ancient  palace 
or  bower,  a  favourite  retreat  of  some  of 
the  Saxon  kings,  especially  of  St.  Edward 
the  Confessor,  who  found  this  wooded 
solitude  congenial  to  his  retired  habits 
and  devotional  spirit. 

2  a  2 


356 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


Sagittarius ;  or,  by  others,  because  he  gained  a  battle  by  the  aid  of 
his  archers1  (Fig.  267). 


Fig.  267.— Stephen. 


Ostrich  feathers,  in  plume  (Fig.  268),  were  sometimes  the  device 
of  King  Stephen,  with  this  motto,  Vi  nulla  invertitur  ordo,  "  By  no 
force  is  their  fashion  altered ;"  alluding  to  the  fall  or  fold  of  the  feather, 


Fig.  268.— Stephen. 

which,  howsoever  the  wind  may  shake  it,  it  cannot  disorder  it ;  as 
likewise  is  the  condition  of  kings  and  kingdoms  well  established.2 

Plantagenet.  This  house  had  the  well-known  badge  of  the 
broom  plant  {planta  genista),  supposed  to  have  been  derived  from 
their  ancestor,  Foulke,  Count  of  Anjou,  who  bore  a  branch  of  the 
broom  in  his  helmet,  either  by  way  of  penance  or  in  sign  of  humility. 
Be  that  as  it  may,  the  broom  was  a  favourite  badge  of  his  descendants, 
and  was  introduced  during  the  pageants  of  Henry  VIII. 

1  His  arms  are  described  as   gules,       blazoned  half  men,  half  lions. — Nicholas 
three    Sagittarii.     These   Sagittarii  are       Upton  (circ.  1440),  De  Militari  officio. 

2  Guillim. 


AND  WAR-CKIES. 


357 


"  On  twelfeday  at  night  came  into  the  hall,  a  mount  called  the 
Rich  Mount,  the  mount  was  set  full  of  rich  flowers  of  silk,  and 
especially  full  of  Broom,  slips  full  of  cods,  the  branches  were  green 
sattin  and  the  flowers  fiat  gold  of  damask,  which  signified  Plantagenet, 
on  the  top  stood  a  goodlie  beacon  giving  a  light."1 

Henry  II.,  Fitz-Empress.  The  Broom  plant  (Fig.  269).  An 
escarbuncle  or2  for  Anjou.3  A  genet  passant  between  two  slips  of 
broom,4  "II  portait  ung  Genett  entre  deux  plantes  de  Geneste," — 
evidently  a  play  on  the  words.  A  sword  and  an  olive-branch  crossed. 
Motto,  Utrumque,5  "  Either  one  or  the  other." 


Fig.  269.— Henry  II. 


Richard  I.  A  star,  probably  that  of  Bethlehem,  issuing  from 
between  the  horns  of  a  crescent6  (Fig.  270),  assumed  by  him  in  token 
of  his  victories  over  the  Turks,  and  symbolical  of  the  triumph  of 


Fig.  270.— Richard  1. 


Christianity  over  Mohammedanism.    A  mailed  arm  holding  a  shivered 
lance.     Motto,  Labor  viris  convenit,7  "  Labour  suits  (or  is  fitting  for) 


1  Holinshed. 

2  Sir  George  Mackenzie,  in  Harl.MS., 
3740. 

3  "  The  arms  of  the  ancient  Earles  of 
Anjou  were  a  scarbunkle  (that  is,  a 
golden  buckle  of  a  military  scarff  or  belt 
set  with  precious  stones),  not  a  carbuncle 
or  more  precious  ruby,  for  the  terme  is 
absurd  if  considered."— Buck,  Life  of 
King  Richard  III.,  1G47. 


4  "  Edward  IV.  granted  this  device  to 
his  natural  son,  Arthur  Plantagenet, 
created  Viscount  Lisle  by  Henry  VIII. ; 
he  bore  crest  party  per  pale,  a  cat  between 
two  broomsticks  blossomed  proper." — 
Harl.  MS.,  6085,  by  Sir  W.  Segar. 

5  Sir  K.  Cotton,  in  Hearne's  'Anti- 
quarian Discourse.' 

6  First  Great  Seal. 

'  Sir  Robert  Cotton. 


358 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


men."1     A  sun  on  two  anchors  (Fig.   271).     Motto,   Ghristo   duce, 
"  Christ  my  leader." 


Fig.  271.— Richard  I. 

The  pheon,  or  barbed  fishing-spear  (Fig.  272),   was  considered 
as  a  badge  of  royalty  as  early  as  this  reign,  and  under  the  denomination 
of  "  broad-R "  (either  a  corruption  of  bread-arrow,  or 
an  abbreviation  of  Rex)  is  the  royal  mark  affixed  to 
the  naval  stores  in  the  dockyards. 

On  the  second  great  seal  of  Richard  I.  is  the  first 
representation  of  the  three  lions  or  leopards,2  which 
have  from  that  time  descended  to  us   as  the  royal 
Fig.  272.-Pheon.       armg  of  England. 

In  a  roll  of  Henry  the  Third's  time,  the  first  entry  is,  "  Le  Roy 


1  Guillim. 

2  The  reason  why  the  animals  in  the 
regal  escutcheons  are  sometimes  called 
lions,  and  at  others  leopards,  appears  to 
be  this :  that  the  early  heralds  when 
they  represented  a  lion,  always  made  it 
rampant ;  when  the  animal  was  passant 
or  regardant  they  called  it  a  leopard : 
a  lion  was  therefore  always  rampant, 
showing  but  one  eye  and  one  ear.  Now 
a  glance  at  the  armorial  bearings  of  our 
early  Norman  sovereigns  will  show  the 
reason  for  their  being  so  differently 
blazoned  by  both  French  and  English 
heralds  at  different  periods. 

Richard  I.  is  spoken  of  by  a  contem- 


porary poet  as  bearing  a  lion,  and  on  his 
first  seal  we  have  an  undoubted  lion 
represented  rampant,  and  in  profile,  show- 
ing but  one  eye  and  one  ear.  On  his 
second  seal  the  animals  are  represented 
passant  and  full-faced,  and  would  there- 
fore be  blazoned  leopards,  and  conse- 
quently, from  that  period,  we  continually 
find  them  so  called,  until,  by  the  will 
either  of  the  Icing  or  of  the  officers  of 
arms,  the  royal  animal  regained  his 
name  towards  the  close  of  the  fifteenth 
century,  and  the  arms  of  England 
have  ever  since  been  blazoned,  "  gules, 
three  lions  passant,  regardant  or.'' — 
J.  11.  Planohe,  Poursuivant  of  Arms. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


359 


d'Angleterre  porte  goules,  trois  leopards  d'or ;"  and  as  early  as  1235, 
the  Emperor,  Frederick  II.,  sent  three  leopards  to  Henry  III.  in 
token  of  his  armorial  bearings.1  In  the  "  Roll  of  Karlaverok,"  the 
banner  of  Edward  I.  is  said  to  contain  "  three  leopards  courant  of  fine 
gold,  set  on  red,  fierce,  haughty  and  cruel." 

Edward  III.,  Edward  the  Black  Prince,  and  Richard  II.,  distinctly 
speak  of  their  crest  of  the  leopard.  Chandos  Herald,  about  the  same 
time,  refers  to  "  les  lepars."  In  the  sixth  year  of  Henry  IV.,  Lobard, 
Lubard,  Libard,  and  its  herald,  was  sent  to  divers  princes  in  Germany ; 
and  in  the  reign  of  Henry  V.  Nicholas  Serby  was  Leopard  Herald  ; 
in  short,  there  is  plenty  of  evidence  to  show  that  what  were  called 
lions  originally,  became  heraldically  leopards  by  change  of  position  at 
least  as  early  as  Richard  I.,  and  were  afterwards  again  termed  lions. 

Before  his  accession,  as  Earl  of  Poitou,  Richard  had  borne  lions ; 
for  in  an  ancient  poem,  William  de  la  Barr,  a  French  knight,  exclaims, 
"  Behold,  the  Count  of  Poitou  challenges  us  to  the  field  !  See,  he  calls 
us  to  the  combat :  I  know  the  grinning  lions  in  his  shield." 

John.  A  star  between  the  horns  of  a  crescent.  This  badge  is 
upon  his  pennies  struck  in  Ireland,  and  also  in  the  sculptures  over 
the  throne  in  St.  Patrick's  Cathedral,  which  was  erected  during  his 
lordship  in  Ireland.2  The  city  of  Drogheda,  whose  corporation 
received  its  charter  from  John,  has  for  crest,  on  a  wreath,  a  crescent 
and  star  argent,  with  the  motto,  Deus  prsesidium  mercatura  decus, 
"  God- is  our  safeguard,  and  merchandise  our  glory." 

Henry  III.,  of  Winchester,  bore  the  badge  of  the  star  and 
crescent.3  He  had  the  following  motto  painted  on  the  wall  of  his 
chamber,  Qui  non  dot  quod  habet,  non  accipet  ille  quod  optat ;  or,  as 
it  is  sometimes  given,  Ke  ne  dune,  lie  ne  tine,  ne  pret  Ice  desire,1  "  he 
who  gives  not  what  he  has  takes  not  what  he  desires."5 

Edward  I.  A  rose  or,  stalked  proper  ;6  the  first  English  monarch 
who  assumed  this  badge. 


1  To  these  were  assigned  quarters  in 
the  town,  and  formed  the  origin  of  the 
Tower  menagerie. 

-  John,  in  Ids  twelfth  year,  was  made 
Lord  of  Ireland,  and  sent  over  to  that 
country,  where  he  continued  during  the 
reign  of  Richard  I.  He  first  added 
Dominus  Hibernix  to  the  royal  titles. 

3  Great  Seal. 


4  Walpole. 

5  Henry  III.  has  a  robe  of  violet  velvet, 
embroidered  with  his  coat  of  arms — three 
golden  leopards — hoth  before  and  be- 
hind ;  and  Eleonora,  daughter  of  Edward 
I.,  wears  furred  gloves,  having  the  arms 
of  England  wrought  upon  the  thumb. — 
Rot.  Claus.  36,  Henry  II  I. 

fi  Hail.  MS.,  30 J. 


360 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


On  the  reverse  of  his  private  seal,  used  for  his  possessions  beyond 
the  Tweed,  is  the  device  of  a  bear  standing  against  a  tree. 

Edward  II.,  of  Caernarvon.  A  hexagonal  castle,  from  which 
rises  a  tower  of  the  same  form,1  in  allusion  to  his  descent,  through  his 
mother  Eleanor,  from  the  house  of  Castile. 

Edward  III.,  of  Windsor.  A  stock  of  a  tree,  couped  and  eradicated 
or,  with  two  sprigs  issuing  therefrom  vert,  signifying  his  flourishing 
issue.2  Rays  proper  descending  from  a  cloud,3  his  peculiar  badge 
(Fig.  273).  King  Henry  VIII.  had  forty  of  these  clouds  wrought  of 
gold  and  silver  and  silk,  having  in  the  middle  the  Saxon  letter  E, 
provided  for  him   on   several  of  his  garments,  us  having  been  the 


Kig.  273.— Edward  III. 


Fig.  274.— Edward  11[. 


peculiar  badge  of  King  Edward  III.4  A  sword  erect  on  a  chapeau, 
the  blade  enfiled  with  three  open  crowns  5  (Fig.  274).  This  emblem 
was  probably  assigned  to  Edward  at  some  later  period,  either  in  allusion 
to  the  three  great  victories  of  bis  reign — Cressy,  Neville's  Cross,  and 
Poitiers,  or  to  the  kingdoms  of  England,  France,  and  of  the  Romans, — 
the  latter  crown  having  been  offered  to  him  by  the  Electors.6  In  the 
second  seal  of  King  Edward,  on  each  side  of  the  throne,  is  a  fleur- 
de-lis,  as  a  badge  of  his  maternal  descent.    He  also  had  a  blue  boar 7 — 


1  Second  Great  Seal. 

2  Harl.  MS.,  1073. 

3  Camden,  '  Remains.' 

4  Ashmole. 

5  Hail.  MS.,  1471. 

"  Williment,  '  Segal  Heraldry,'  passim. 


7  Among  the  badges  borue  by  Richard, 
Duke  of  York,  father  of  Edward  IV.,  we 
find,  "The  badges  that  he  beareth  by 
King  Edward  III.,  is  a  blue  boar,  with 
his  tusks  and  his  clcis  and  his  members 
of  gold." 


AND  AVAK-CKIES.  361 

an  ostrich  feather  silver,  its  pen  gold1 — a  falcon  proper — a  griffin 
(this  last  he  used  as  a  private  seal)2 — an  eagle 3 — a  lion  proper,  armed 
azure,  langued  gales,4 — and  a  white  swan. 

Edward  III.  made  use  of  several  mottoes,  many  of  these  are  now 
obscure,  such  as — "  It  is  es  it  is,"  which  he  had  embroidered  upon  a 
white  linen  doublet.  He  placed  on  his  groats  the  motto,  Posui  Deum 
adiutorum  meum,  "I  have  put  Grod  as  my  helper,"  which  was  used 
by  Henry  the  Y.  and  VI.,  Edward  the  IV.  and  V.,  Henry  VII.,  Mary, 
and  Elizabeth. 

According  to  Ritson,  the  English  language  was  not  known  at  the 
court  of  the  Anglo-Norman  kings,  until  the  reign  of  Edward  III.,  and 
that  monarch  first  u«ed  the  vernacular  English  dialect  in  a  motto, 
which  was  displayed  upon  his  shield  and  wrought  upon  his  surcoat  at 
a  celebrated  tournament  held  at  Canterbury,  1349.  The  legend  which 
gave  the  device  of  a  white  swan  on  the  king's  buckler  ran  thus : 

"  Hay,  hay,  the  wythe  swan, 
By  Godes  soule  I  am  thy  man." 

His  standard,  as  given  by  Sir  Charles  Barker,5  is  the  Lion  of 
England  in  a  field  seme  of  rising  suns  and  crowns.  Motto,  Dieu  et 
mon  droit.  On  his  third  great  seal  we  find,  for  the  first  time,  the 
lion  statant  guardant,  as  it  still  continues.  Edward  III.  first  quartered 
the  arms  of  France,  seme  of  fleurs-de-lis.  In  1365,  Charles  V.  of 
France  reduced  the  number  to  three,  upon  which  Henry  IV.  changed 
them  in  his  coat  to  the  same  number. 

"  Tu  vedi  ben  quella  bandieia  grande, 
Ch'  insieme  pon  le  fiordiligi  e  i  pardi." 

Orlando  Furioso,  Canto  x.,  st.  77. 

"  Yon  ensign  view,  where  waving  in  the  wind, 
Appear  the  fleur-de-lys  and  leopards  join'd." 

Hoole's  Translation. 

The  Black  Prince  bore  "  a  sunne  arysing  out  of  the  clowdes,  be- 
tokening that  although  his  noble  courage  and  princely  valour  bad 
hitherto  been  hid  and  obscured  from  the  world,  now  he  was  arysing 
to  glory  and  honnor  in  France." 

1  Hail.  MS.,  301.  -  Rymer.  3  Harl.  MS.,  304. 

1  Harl.  MS.,  304.  5  Harl.  MS.,  4632. 


362  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

The  long  cherished  and  popular  belief  is,  that  the  crest  and  motto 
of  the  Black  Prince  were  won  by  him  at  Cressy  : 

"  There  lay  the  trophie  of  our  chivalry, 

Plumed  of  his  ostridge  feathers,  which  the  Prince 
Tooke  as  the  ensign  of  his  victory, 

Which  he  did  after  weare,  and  ever  since 
The  Prince  of  Wales  doth  that  achievement  beare, 
Which  Edward  first  did  win  by  conquest  there." 

Aleyn. 

"  From  the  Bohemian  crown  the  plume  he  wears, 
Wrhich  after  for  his  crest  he  did  preserve, 
To  his  father's  use,  with  this  fit  word — '  I  serve.' " 

Ben  Jonson,  Masque 

But  this  tradition  is  unsupported  by  history,  for  the  crest  of  the  blind 
King  John  of  Bohemia  was  not  a  plume  of  ostrich  feathers,  but  the 
wings  of  a  vulture  expanded.  On  the  other  hand,  an  ostrich  feather 
silver,  its  pen  gold,  was  one  of  the  badges  of  King  Edward  III.,  and 
was  adopted,  with  some  slight  difference,  not  only  by  the  Black  Prince, 
but  by  all  Iris  sons  and  their  descendants. 

The  Black  Prince  used  sometimes  three  feathers,  sometimes  one, 
argent ;  his  brother,  John  of  Gaunt,  three  or  one,  ermine,  the  stems 
and  labels  or,  on  a  sable  ground.  A  single  feather  was  worn  by  their 
younger  brother,  Thomas  of  Gloucester,  and  by  their  nejDhews,  Edward 
Duke  of  York,  and  Richard,  Duke  of  Cambridge. 

More  likely,  then,  the  tradition  that  Edward  first  adopted  his  crest 
at  the  battle  of  Poitiers,  joining  to  the  family  badge  the  old  English 
word,  Ic  den  (Theyn),  "  I  serve,"  in  accordance  with  the  words  of  the 
Apostle,  "  The  heir,  while  he  is  a  child,  differeth  nothing  from  a  servant." 
The  feathers  are  placed  separately  upon  his  tomb  in  Canterbury 
Cathedral. 

The  feather  badge  was  used  by  Richard  II.,  and  by  Henry  IV.,  both 
before  and  after  he  came  to  the  throne.  It  was  worn  by  Henry  V. ; 
by  his  brother  Humphrey,  the  good  Duke  of  Gloucester,  and  all  the 
members  of  the  Beaufort  branch.  Henry  VI.  bore  two  feathers  in 
saltire;  three,  or  one,  was  adopted  as  a  cognisance  by  his  son,  Prince 
Edward,  and  was  worn  as  such  by  Warwick  at  the  battle  of  Barnet.1 

i  <■■.  "When    Edward     IV.    landed     at  to  Clarence.     He  said  to  the  mnyor  and 

Ravenspur,    he    gained    admittance    to  aldermen,  that  he  never  would  claim  no 

York  under  false  pretences  that  he  came  title,  nor  take  upon  handc  to  be  King  of 

merely  to  claim  his  hereditary  right  to  England,    nor   would   have   done    afore 

the  duchy  of  York,  which  had  been  given  that   time,   but   by  the  exciting  of  the 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


363 


Eichard  II.,  of  Bordeaux.  His  ordinary  badge  was  the  white 
hart  couchant  on  a  mount  under  a  tree  proper,  gorged,  with  a  crown, 
and  chained  or  (Fig.  275).  This  device  he  appears  to  have  derived  from 
the  cognisance  of  his  mother,  Joan,  the  Fair 
Maid  of  Kent,  heiress  of  Edmund  of  Wood- 
stock, Earl  of  Kent,1  son  of  Edward  I,  which 
was  a  white  hind.  Eichard  first  assumed  at 
a  joust  held  at  Smithfield,  in  the  fourteenth 
year  of  his  reign,2  the  stump  of  a  tree.  This 
perhaps  also  alluded  to  his  maternal  descent, 
being  a  rebus  of  the  name  of  Woodstock.  It 
was  also  one  of  the  badges  of  his  grandfather. 
The  string  moulding  carved  beneath  the  win- 
dows throughout  the  interior  of  Westminster 
Hall  is  studded  along  its  entire  extent  with 
the  helm,  crown  and  crest  of  Eichard  II. 
alternately  with  the  white  hart  lodged.  Among 
the  few  friends  that  attended  this  unfortunate  prince  after  his  capture 
by  the  Earl  of  Northumberland,  was  '"Jenico  d'Artois,  a  Gascoigne, 
that  still  wore  the  cognisance  or  device  of  his  master,  King  Eichard, — 
that  is  to  say,  a  white  hart,  and  would  put  it  from  him,  neither  for 
persuasion  nor  threats,  by  reason  whereof,  when  the  Duke  of  Hereford 
understood  it  he  caused  him  to  be  committed  to  prison  within  the 
castle  of  Chester.    This  man  was  the  last  (as  saith  mine  author)  which 


Fig.  275.  — Richard  II.  From 
devices  on  tomb  of  Duke  of 
Norfolk,  St.  Mark's,  Venice. 


Karl  of  Warwick ;  and  therefore  before 
all  people,  he  cried  :  '  A  King  Henry  ! 
A  King  and  Prince  Edward  !'  and  weared 
an  ostrich  feather  —  Prince  Edward's 
livery.  Anrl  after  this  he  was  suffered 
to  pass  the  city,  and  so  held  his  way 
southward ;  and  no  man  let  him  nor  hurt 
him.'" — Wamouth's  Chron.  p.  14. 

1  Thomas  Holland,  Earl  of  Kent, 
Richard's  half-hrolher,  continued  his 
mother's  device  of  the  hind.  It  is  cu- 
rious that  a  badge  given  for  Ireland 
(Harl.  MS.  1073),  resembles  closely  that 
of  Kiug  Richard,  being  a  white  hart 
issuing  from  the  portal  of  a  golden  castle, 
triple  towered.     King  Richard  impaled 


the  arms  of  Edward  the  Confessor  with 
his  own,  according  to  Froissart,  to  please 
the  Irish,  "who  loved  and  diedde  him 
(Edward)  muche  more  than  any  other 
King  of  Euglande ; '  when  "  it  were  said 
the  Irishmen  were  well  pleased,  and  the 
sooner  they  enclyned  to  him."' 

2  "  There  issued  forth  of  the  Tower, 
about  the  third  hour  of  the  day,  sixty 
coursers,  apparelled  for  the  jousts,  and 
upon  every  one  an  esquire  of  honour 
riding  a  soft  j>ace.  Then  came  forth 
sixty  ladies  of  honour,  mounted  upon 
palfrees,  and  every  lady  led  a  knight 
with  a  chain  of  gold.  Those  knights 
which  were  of  the  king's  party  had  their 


364 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


wore  that  device,  and  showed  well  thereby  his  constant  heart  towards 
his  master."1  The  sun  in  splendour.  Of  this  device  we  have  a  good 
representation  on  the  mainsail  of  the  vessel  in  which  he  returned  from 
Ireland,  in  an  illumination  to  a  MS.1  history  of  Eichard  by  a  gentleman 
of  his  own  suite  (Fig.  276).  In  a  poem  by  Grower,  Eichard  is 
designated  by  this  badge. 


Fig.  276.— Richard  II. 

The  sun  issuing  from  a  cloud,  the  badge  of  his  father  and  grand- 
father, occurs  embroidered  upon  the  robe  of  his  monumental  effigy  in 
Westminster  <  Abbey.  And  upon  the  same  monument  his  robe  is 
ornamented  with  the  pods  of  the  plantagenista  or  peascod  shells,  the 
cods  open  and  the  peas  out.3 

Eichard  wore  two  harts  as  supporters,  and  is  the  first  king  whose 
supporters  are  authenticated.     His  standard  has  the  hart  with  suns.4 


armour  and  apparel  garnished  with 
white  harts,  and  crowns  of  gold  round 
the  harts'  necks." — Feoissakt. 

In  the  same  year  Henry,  then  Earl 
of  Derby,  ordered  the  sleeves  of  his  coat 
to  be  embroidered  with  hurts  of  the  king's 
bearing. 

"  John  of  Gaunt,  in  his  will,  gives  to 
his  daughter,  the   Queen   of  Portugal, 


mon  meilleur  cerf  d'or ;  and  the  Duchess 
of  York,  in  her  will,  proved  1392,  devises 
to  the  king  mon  cerf  de  perle.  Edward 
IV.  reassumed  the  white  hart  chained.'' 
— Austis. 

1  Holinshed. 

2  Harl.  MS.,  1319. 

3  Dart,  '  Hist,  of  Westminster  Abbey.' 
1  Harl.  MS.,  4632. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


365 


The  device  of  Anne  of  Bohemia x — the  "  good  Queen  Anne  " — was 
an  ostrich  with  a  nail  in  its  beak.     On  the  robe 
of  her  effigy  on  her  tomb  in  Westminster,  we 
find  a  knot  resembling  the  letter  A  (Fig.  277). 

Henry  IV.,  of  Bolingbroke  or  Lancaster.  A 
white  antelope,2  ducally  gorged  and  chained,  and 
a  swan,  with  similar  adornment.  A  swan.3  A 
fox's  tail  dependent  (Fig.  278);  following,  says  ng.«n^An»  of  Bohemia. 
Camden,  Lysander's  advice,  "  if  the  lyon's  skin  were  too  short,  to 
piece  it  out  with  a  fox's  tail  case," — add  cunning  to  courage.4     A 


Fig.  278.— Henry  IV. 

red  rose.5    A  stock  of  a  tree. 
(Fig.  279). 


Fig.  279.— Henry  IV. 

Three  ostrich  feathers.0    Collar  of  SS 


1  Camden, 'Remains.' 

2  The  antelopes  and  the  swans  were 
bolh  derived  from  the  Bohuns  (see,  and 
Stafford).  The  red  rose  from  Edmund  of 
Lancaster,  whose  daughter  and  heiress 
was  Henry's  mother. 

The  banner  of  Henry  IV.  (Harl.  MS. 
4632,)  has  a  swan  and  a  large  rose,  the  field 
seme'  of  fox-tails,  stocks  of  trees  and  roses. 

3  "  While  Duke  of  Hereford,  in  expecta- 
tion of  com  hat  with  the  Duke  of  Norfolk, 
he  came,  to  the  barriers  of  the  lystes, 
mounled  on  a  white  courser,  barbed  with 
blewe  and  grene  velvet,  embroidered 
sumptouslie  with  swanes  and  antelopes 
of  goldsmith's  worke." — Hall,  Chronicle. 

The  swan  was  not  new,  as  a  royal 
device,  for  we  find  it  u^ed  by  Edward  III., 
and  Thomas  of  Woodstock,  Edward's 
sixth  son,  adopted  the  swan  for  his  cogni- 
sance,—hence  Gower  calls  him,  Vox 
dementis   cygni,    "  Voice   of    the   gentle 


swan."  The  rebus  of  his  surname  is 
represented  by  a  stock  of  wood. — Sand- 
ford. 

•>  Harl.  MS.,  1073. 

5  Ibid.  2076,  by  Eandle  Holmes. 

6  Used  also  by  his  grandson,  John, 
Duke  of  Bedford,  Kegent  of  France. 
See  Bedford. 

7  The  SS,  a  cognisance  of  Henry  IV., 
in  whose  reign  it  formed  the  ornament  of 
a  collar.  On  the  ceiling  of  the  canopy  of 
his  tomb,  his  arms  and  those  of  his  queen 
are  surmounted  by  collars  of  SS.  The 
word  Soverayne  is  added,  to  which  the 
SS  may  probably  refer,  as  this  was  a 
favourite  motto  of  Henry,  which  he  wore 
when  Earl  of  Derby,  and  continued  after 
his  accession.  "  Un  collier  de  SS  de 
l'ordre  du  roy  d  Angleterre,  et  il  a  xxvi. 
SS  qui  sont  emaillees  du  mot,  A  ma  Vie," 
is  in  the  inventory  of  the  keeper  of  the 
jewels  of  the  Duke  of  Brittany,  1414-25. 


366 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


Upon  her  tomb  in  Canterbury  Cathedral,  Henry's  second  wife,  Joan 
of  Navarre,  had  an  ermine  collared  and  chained,  with  the  motto,  A 

temperance,  evidently  assumed  as 
widow  of  John  de  Montfort,  Duke 
of  Brittany. 

Henry's  supporters  are  said  to 
have  been,  on  the  dexter,  a  white 
antelope,  ducally  collared,  chained, 
and  aimed  or ;  and  on  the  sinister,  by 
a  swan  argent.  He  had  a  pursuivant 
named  Antelope. 

Henry  V.,  of  Monmouth.  A  swan, 
gorged  with  a  crown  and  chain.  An 
antelope,  adorned  in  the  same  manner. 
The  beacon  or  cresset1  or,  inflamed 
proper.  The  figure  of  these  three 
badges  united  is  from  the  cornice  of 
King  Henry's  chantry,  in  West- 
minster Abbey  (Fig.  280). 

He  had  also  a  fleur-de-lis  crowned, 
and  a  fox's  tail. 

On  his  seal,  before  his  accession, 
he  had  a  swan  holding  an  ostrich 
feather  in  its  beak,  placed  on  each 
side  of  the  escutcheon ;  and  it  would 
appear  that,  as  Prince  of  Wales,  he 
bestowed  collars  of  swans  upon  his 
favourites.2 

1  A  land  of  portable  beacon,  made  of  wire 
in  the  shape  of  an  inverted  cone,  and  filled 
with  match  or  rope  steeped  in  pitch,  tallow, 
resin,  and  other  inflammable  matters.  One 
man  carried  it  upon  a  pole,  another  attended 
with  a  boy  to  supply  a  light. — Lower, 
Enylish  Surnames. 
2  It  is  related  later  of  Queen  Margaret  of  Anjou  that  she  took  the  lung  in 
progress  through  the  counties  of  Warwick,  Stafford,  and  Cheshire,  under  the  pretence 
of  benefiting  his  health  by  change  of  air  and  sylvan  sports.  But  her  real  object  was 
to  display  iu  that  district  the  leauty  and  engaging  manners  of  their  son,  the  young 
Prince  of  Wales,  then  in  his  sixrh  year,  a  child  of  singular  promise,  for  whom  she 
engaged  the  favour  of  all  the  noblest  gentlemen  in  these  loyal  counties,  by  causing 
him  to  distribute  little  silver  swans,  as  his  badge,  wherever  he  came,  and  to  all  who 


W 

3 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  367 

In  a  statute  of  Henry  IV..  1430,  we  find — "  Que  Monseigneur  le 
Prince  poura  donner  sa  honorable  liverie  del  eigne  a  ses  seigneurs  et 
a  ses  meignalx  gentilx." 

Henry's  antelope  appears  at  his  interview  with  King  Charles  at 
Melun,1  and  it  was  the  badge  specially  selected  for  his  funeral  pro- 
cession. For  the  conveyance  of  Henry's  body  to  England,  "  his  coursers 
were  trapped  with  trappings  of  party  colours,  one  side  was  blewe 
velvet  embroidered  in  antelopes,  drawing  in  milles  (mills),  the  top  side 
was  greene  velvet  embroidered  with  antelopes  sitting  on  stires,  with 
long  flours  springing  between  the  homes."2 

The  cresset  with  burning  fire  was  the  badge  of  the  Admiralty.3 

"  A  potte  of  erthe,  in  which  he  hath 

GOWER. 


A  light  brenning  in  a  cresset." 


With  respect  to  this  badge  of  the  cresset  or  beacon,  we  are  told  by 
one  writer,4  that  he  took  it  "  as  signifying  his  sudden  and  hott  alarms 
in  France ;"  and  by  another,5  that  it  was  taken  "  to  show  that  he 
would  be  a  light  and  guide  to  his  people,  to  follow  him  in  all  virtue 
and  honour." 

"With  reference  to  the  fox's  tail,  when  Henry  V.  made  his  solemn 
entry  into  Rouen,  a  page  carried  behind  him,  in  guise  of  a  banner,  a 
fox's  tail  attached,6  and  when  he  was  presented  to  Katherine,  who, 
with  her  mother,  was  enthroned  in  the  church  of  Notre  Dame,  he  was 
attired  in  a  magnificent  suit  of  burnished  armour  ;  but,  instead  of  a 
plume,  he  wore  in  his  helmet  a  fox's  tail  ornamented  with  precious 
stones.7 

Henry  likewise  bestowed  upon  Walter  Hungerford  the  barony  and 


passed  to  look  upon  him.     Queen  Mar-  broidered  with  two  devices;  the  one  was 

garet  displayed  peculiar  tact  in  adopting  an  antelope  drawing  in  a  horse  mill,  the 

for  her  boy  the  well-remembered  device  other  was  an  antelope  sitting  in  an  high 

of  his  renowned  ancestor,  Edward  III.,  stage,  with  a  branch  of  olife  in  his  mouth, 

whose  name  he  bore.     So  well  were  her  And  the  tente  was  replenished  and  decked 

impassioned    pleadings    in    his    behalf  with    this    poysie — After  busie    laboure 

seconded  by  the  loveliness  and  becoming  commUh  victorious  reste." — Hall. 

behaviour  of  the  princely  child,  that  ten  2  '  Antiquarian  Repertory. ' 

thousand   men   wore   his   livery   at  the  3  Harl.  MS.,  304. 

Battle  of  Bloreheath.  *  Ibid.,  3740. 

1  "The  King  of  England  had  a  large  5  Ibid.,  1073. 

tent  of  blue  velvet  and  green,  richly  em-  6  Menestrier. 

7  Strickland's  '  Queens  of  England.' 


M$  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

castle  of  Hornet,  in  Normandy,  to  hold  by  homage  and  service  to  find 
the  king  and  his  heirs  at  the  "  Castle  of  Roan  "  one  lance,  with  a  fox's 
tail  hanging  to  it.1 

The  King's  poesie,  Une  sans  plus,  was  "  flourished  upon  leech 
damaske  "  at  Queen  Katherine's  coronation. 

"After  the  victory  of  Agincourt,  Henry  V.  assumed  the  motto, 
Non  nobis  Domine. 

"  Oh  God,  tby  arm  was  here  ' 
And  not  to  us,  but  to  thy  arm  alone 
Ascribe  we  all." 

King  Henry  V.,  Act  iv.,  so.  7. 

Henry  VI.,  of  Windsor.  A  panther  passant,  gardant,  argent, 
spotted  with  many  colours,  with  vapour  issuing  from  his  mouth  and 
ears.2  One  of  the  supporters  of  the  present  Duke  of  Beaufort.  Two 
feathers  in  saltire,  the  sinister  argent,  surmounted  of  the  dexter  or 
(Fig.  281). 


Fig.  261.—  Henry  VI. 

At  the  coronation  feast  of  Henry  VI.  was  introduced  second 
course,  "  a  fry  tour  garnished  with  a  leopard's  head,  and  ij  ostryche 
feders." 

An  antelope,  generally  collared  and  chained.  Motto,  for  the  first 
time,  Dieic  et  mon  droit. 

On  his  banner 3  were  antelopes  and  roses.  Three  open  crowns  in 
pale  on  a  cross  pommete,  resembling  the  badge  of  Edward  III.,  are  on 
the  Irish  silver  money  of  Henry  VI.,  Edward  IV.,  and  Eichard  III.4 

Margaret  of  Anjou  chose  the  daisy  flowrer  as  her  emblem.5  At 
a  tournament  proclaimed  at  Nancy,  on  the  occasion  of  her  marriage, 

1  Camden,  'Britannia.'  3  Drayton's  'Chronicle.'     Stowe  like- 

2  Hail.  MS.,  6085.  wise   says,    "  her   badge   was   the   daisy 

3  Ibid.,  4032.  4  Simon,  p.  22.  flower.'* 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  369 

the  knights  and  warriors  all  wore  garlands  of  daisies  in  the  lists,  out 
of  compliment  to  the  royal  bride  of  fifteen. 

On  her  arrival  in  England  all  the  nobility  and  chivalry  of  England 
wore  her  emblem  flower,  the  daisy,  on  their  caps  and  bonnets  of 
estate.  Drayton  alludes  to  this  picturesque  compliment  in  the  following 
couplet — 

"  Of  either  sex,  who  doth  not  now  delight, 
To  wear  the  daisy  for  Queen  Marguerite?" 

King  Henry,  in  compliment  to  his  lovely  and  beloved  consort,  caused 
the  daisy  to  be  enamelled  and  engraved  on  his  plate  ;l  and  in  a  mag- 
nificent illuminated  MS.  volume  presented  to  her  by  Talbot,  Earl  of 
Shrewsbury,2  the  title-page  is  redolent  of  Margaret's  emblem  flower. 
Daisies  are  seen  growing  in  the  garden  of  the  palace :  daisies  with  their 
little  red  buttons  are  arranged  in  profusion  upon  the  title-page :  daisies 
swarm  in  clusters  round  her  armorial  bearings,  and  flourish  in  every 
corner  of  the  illuminated  pages  of  the  volume.  The  Kirtle  of  Olympus, 
the  Macedonian  queen,  is  also  powdered  with  Margaret's  emblem 
flower,  the  daisy.3 

The  motto  of  "  Anjou's  heroine  "  was,  Humble  et  loiale.  After  her 
reverses,  Drayton  makes  her  exclaim : 

"  My  daisy  flow'r,  which  erst  perfum'd  the  air, 
Which  for  my  favour  princes  deign'd  to  wear, 
Now  on  the  dust  lies  trodden  on  the  ground, 
And  with  York's  garland's  ev'ry  one  is  crown'd." 
Drayton,  Queen  Margaret  to  William  de  la  Pool,  Dulce  of  Suffolk. 

The  Eoses.  "  The  fatal  colours  of  our  striving  houses."  According 
to  historic  tradition,  those  fatal  badges  of  the  contending  houses  of 
York  and  Lancaster,  "  the  pale  and  purple  rose,"  were  first  chosen 
during  the  momentous  dispute,  about  1450,  between  Somerset  and  the 
Earl  of  Warwick,  in  the  Temple  Gardens,  when  Somerset,  to  collect 
the  suffrages  of  the  by-standers,  plucked  a  red  rose  and  Warwick  a 
white  rose,  and  each  called  upon  every  man  present  to  declare  his 
party  by  taking  a  rose  of  the  colour  chosen  by  him  whose  cause  he 
favoured. 

1  Among    the    records   of   the    royal  3  Miss  Strickland, 
jewels,  we  find  these  entries :  "  Item,  one  "  The  daise,  a  flour  white  and  rede, 
saltcellar  of  gold  and  cover  enamelled          lu  French  called  la  belle  Margate, 
with    the    arms    of    the    king,    and    the           A  commendable  floure,  and  moste  in  minde  ! 
_                  ,,    i  »»               -L      j,                                      0  floure  and  gracious  of  excellence ! 
flowers  called  Marguerites.  .  0  amiable  Margarite  ,  of  natife  kind  ., 

2  British  Museum,  King's  MSS.  Chaucer. 

2   B 


370  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Richard  Plantagenet. 
"  Let  him,  that  is  a  true-born  gentleman, 
And  stands  upon  the  honour  of  his  birth, 
If  he  suppose  that  I  have  pleaded  truth, 
From  off  this  brier  pluck  a  white  rose  with  me. 

Somerset. 
"  Let  him  that  is  no  coward,  nor  no  flatterer, 
But  dare  maintain  the  party  of  the  truth, 
Pluck  a  red  rose  from  off  this  thorn  with  me. 

Warwick. 
"  I  love  no  colours ;  and,  without  all  colour 
Of  base  insinuating  flattery, 
I  pluck  this  white  rose,  with  Plantagenet. 

Suffolk. 
"  I  pluck  this  red  rose,  with  young  Somerset." 

King  Henry  VI.,  1st  Part,  Act  ii ,  sc.  4.1 

This  was  the  prologue  to  the  great  national  tragedy  which  ended  in 
the  extinction  of  the  royal  line  and  name  of  Plantagenet,  called,  from 
their  badges,  the  "  War  of  the  Eoses." 

"  This  brawl  to-day, 
Grown  to  this  faction,  in  the  Temple  garden, 
Shall  send,  between  the  red  rose  and  the  white, 
A  thousand  souls  to  death  and  deadly  night." 

King  Henry  VI.,  1st  Part,  Act  ii.,  sc.  4. 

But  the  roses  were  only  renewed.  Both  Edward  I.  and  his  brother, 
Edmund  Crouchback  of  Lancaster,  wore  the  red  rose,  which  was  taken 
by  John  of  Gaunt  on  his  marriage  with  Blanche,  the  heiress  of 
Lancaster. 

When  John  of  Gaunt  adopted  the  red  rose,  his  younger  brother, 
Edmund  Langley,  Duke  of  York,2  assumed  the  white,  derived  from 
the  castle  of  Clifford,  which  he  transmitted  to  his  descendants,  the 
house  of  York. 

1  Shakspeare,  in  his  spirited  version  of  Plantagenet."      Suffolk,    who   had  been 

the   scene,   errs  in  his  chronology,   by  dead  some  months  when  the  red  dispute 

placing  it  prior  to  the  marriage  of  the  occurred,  is  made  to  exclaim,  "  I  pluck 

King  and  Margaret  of  Anjou.     He  also  this  red  rose  with  young  Somerset." — 

uses  a  poetical   licence  in   representing  Strickland's  Queens. 

Richard,  Duke  of  York,  as  the  leading  2  Was  born  at  a  royal  manor  called 

character  engaged  in  this  dispute,  while  King's  Langley,  adjacent  to  Berkhamp- 

Warwick,  merely  acting  as  his  second,  stead. 
says,   "  I    pluck    this   white    rose   with 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  371 

York. 
"Then  will  I  raise  aloft  the  milk-white  rose, 
With  whose  sweet  smell  the  air  shall  be  perfum'd ; 
And  in  my  standard  bear  the  arms  of  York, 
To  grapple  with  the  house  of  Lancaster." 

King  Henry  VI.,  2nd  Part,  Act  i.,  sc.  1. 

In  the  scene  where  Henry  puts  on  a  red  rose,  he  says : 

"  I  see  no  reason,  if  I  wear  this  rose, 
That  any  one  should  therefore  be  suspicious 
I  more  incline  to  Somerset  than  York." 

lhid  ,  1st  Part,  Act  iv.,  sc.  1. 

And  after  the  king's  exit,  York,  in  answer  to  Warwick,  says : 

"  I  like  it  not 
In  that  he  wears  the  badge  of  Somerset." 

Mr.  Planche  inclines  to  derive  the  rose  originally  from  Eleanor  of 
Provence,  Queen  of  Henry  III.  The  tomb  of  her  second  son,  Edmund 
Crouchback,  Lord  of  Lancaster,  was  covered  with  red  roses.  To 
Edmund's  children,  Thomas  and  Henry,  descended  the  county  of 
Provence  from  their  grandmother.  Henry's  son,  the  first  Duke  of 
Lancaster,  has  on  his  seal  a  branch  of  roses  beside  his  crest,  and  on 
the  death  of  Maud,  his  eldest  daughter,  the  rights  on  Provence  de- 
volved on  John  of  Gaunt,  who  had  married  Blanche,  the  younger 
sister,  and  were  claimed  by  him.  He  bequeathed  to  St.  Paul's  cathedral 
his  bed  "powdered  with  roses,"  and  though  the  4th,  5th,  and  6th 
Henrys  may  have  displayed  their  antelopes  and  swans,  the  rose  of 
Provence  may  have  been  retained  by  the  Beaufort  s  in  token  of  their 
descent  from  Queen  Eleanor. 

The  House  of  York.  The  falcon  and  fetterlock ;  the  white  rose 
en  soleil.  The  falcon  and  fetterlock  was  the  badge  of  Edmund 
Langley,  Duke  of  York;  his  father,  Edward  III.,  having  given  him 
Fotheringay,  Edmund  rebuilt  the  castle  and  the  keep  in  the  form  of  a 
fetterlock,  and  assumed  his  father's  falcon,  and  placed  it  on  a  fetterlock  ; 
thereby  implying  that  he  was  locked  up  from  all  hope  and  possibility 
of  the  kingdom.  It  is  related,  that  Edmund  on  one  occasion  asked 
his  sons,  whom  he  saw  looking  at  his  device  which  he  had  set  up  in  a 
window,  what  was  the  Latin  for  fetterlock ;  whereat,  when  the  young 
gentlemen  studied,  the  father  said,  "  Well,  if  you  cannot  tell  me,  I 
will  you :  Hie,  haze  el  hoc  taceatis"  "  May  you  hold  your  tongue  in 

2  b  2 


372  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

everything," — as  advising  them  to  be  silent  and  quiet,  and  therewithal 
said,  "  Yet  God  knows  what  may  come  to  pass  hereafter."  That  his 
great-grandson,  King  Edward  IV.,  reported,  when  he  commanded  that 
his  younger  son,  Richard  Duke  of  York,  should  use  this  device  with 
the  fetterlock  opened." 1 

The  father  of  Edward  IV.,  Richard,  third  Duke  of  York,  used 
the  device  of  the  falcon  and  fetterlock,  with  the  motto,  Hie  lisec  hoc 
taceatis,  from  whom  it  descended  to  Edward  IV.  and  his  sons. 

The  houses  of  the  Petty  Canons  at  the  west  end  of  St.  George's 
Chapel,  Windsor,  were  built  by  Edward  IV.  in  the  form  of  a  fetter- 
lock.2 

John  of  Gaunt  bore  on  the  side  of  his  shield,  two  falcons,  with 
horse  fetters  or  fetterlocks  in  their  bills  and  standing  upon  them ; 
meaning  that,  "  he  would  break  the  lock  of  subjection,  and  make  way 
to  the  crown  for  his  son  Henry  of  Derby."3 

The  white  rose  en  soleil.  The  white  rose  was  first  used  by 
Edmund  Langley ;  Edward  IV.  placed  it  en  soleil  in  commemoration 
of  his  victory  at  the  battle  of  Mortimer's  Cross,  1471,  when,  "  Before 
the  battel,  it  is  said,  the  sun  appeared  to  the  Earl  of  March  (afterwards 
king,  by  the  name  of  Edward  IV.)  like  three  suns,  and  suddenly  it 
joyned  altogether  in  one ;  for  which  cause  some  imagine  that  he  gave 
the  sun  in  its  full  brightness  for  his  badge  or  cognisance."4 

"  Three  suns  were  seen  that  instant  to  appear, 
Whiche  soone  again  shut  up  themselves  in  one, 
Ready  to  buckle  as  the  armies  were, 
Which  this  brave  duke  took  to  himself  alone, 
His  drooping  hopes  which  somewhat  seemed  to  cheere, 
By  his  mishaps,  neere  lately  overthrowne. 
So  that  thereby  encouraging  his  men, 
Once  more  he  sets  the  white  rose  up  again." 

Drayton,  Miseries  of  Queen  Margarite. 

Edward. 
"  Dazzle  mine  eyes,  or  do  I  see  three  suns  ? 

Richard. 

"  Three  glorious  suns,  each  one  a  perfect  sun ; 
Not  separated  with  the  racking  clouds, 
But  sever'd  in  a  pale  cleir-  shining  sky. 
See,  see  !  they  join,  embrace,  and  seem  to  kiss, 


1  Sandford.  2  Ashmole.  3  Sandford. 

4  Sir  Edward  Baker,  '  Chronicle,'  p.  197. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


373 


As  if  they  vow'd  some  league  inviolable : 

Now  are  they  but  one  lamp,  one  light,  one  sun. 

In  this  the  heaven  figures  some  event. 


Edwakd. 

"  'Tis  wondrous  strange,  the  like  yet  never  heard  of. 
I  think,  it  cites  us,  brother,  to  the  field  ; 
That  we,  the  sons  of  brave  Plantagenet, 
Each  one  already  blazing  by  our  meeds, 
Should,  notwithstanding,  join  our  lights  together, 
And  over-shine  the  earth,  as  this  the  world. 
Whate'er  it  bodes,  henceforward  will  I  bear 
Upon  my  target  three  fair  shining  suns." 

King  Henry  VI.,  3rd  Part,  Act  ii.,  sc.  1. 

All  historians  of  that  period  concur  in  mentioning  this  phenomenon, 
which,  though  unusual  in  this  country,  is  not  of  unfrecpuent  occurrence 
in  the  Alps,  Andes,  and  Greenland. 

The  rose  en  soleil  appears  in  the  Irish  groats  of  Edward  IV.,  a  rose 
in  the  centre,  and  a  sun  filling  the  whole  area  of  the  inner  circle. 

Edward  IV.,  "the  Kose  of  Kouen."1     The  falcon  and  fetterlock 


Fig.  282.— Edward  IV. 


Fig.  283.— Edward  IV. 


(Fig.  282) ;  white  rose ;  white  rose  en  soleil  (Fig.  283) ;  white  lion 
of  the  earldom  of  March  :2  black  dragon,  of  the  earldom  of  Ulster  ;3 


1  Edward  IV.,  born  at  Rouen,  1441-2. 
When  in  his  twentieth  year,  he  presented 
himself  before  the  citizens  of  London, 
and  claimed  the  crown.  The  popular 
songs  hailed  him  as  "  the  Rose  of  Rouen." 
One  of  his  coronation  songs  commences 
with  this  allusion  : 
"  Now  is  the  Rose  of  Rouen  grown  to  great  honour, 

Therefore  sing  we  every  one  y-blessed  be  that 
flower. 

I  warn  ye  every  one  that  ye  shall  understand, 

There  sprang  a  rose  in  Rouen  that  spread  to 
England: 


Had  not  the  Rose  of  Rouen  been,  all  England 

had  been  dour, 
Y-blessed   be  the  time  God  ever  spread  that 

flower." 

Queens  of  England,  vol.  ii.,  p.  323. 

"  Edward  IV.  was  a  man  of  no  great 
forecast,  but  very  valiant,  and  the  beauti- 
fullest  prince  that  lived  in  his  time." — 
Philippe  de  Comines. 

2  Lion,  argent,  his  tail  cowed. 

3  Armed  with  gold  claws. 


374 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


black  bull  of  Clare  j1  white  harfc  and  sun  of  Eicbard  II. ;  wbite  hind 
of  the  Fair  Maid  of  Kent;  wbite  wolf  for  Mortimer,  or  Lord  of 
Mortymer.2 

Edward's  favourite  badge  was  a  collar  of  suns  and  roses  with  the 
wbite  lion  of  March  banging  from  it.  He  is  thus  represented  in  the 
Rous  Roll.     His  motto,  Modus  at  ordo,  "  Method  and  order."  3 

Edward  V.  Falcon  and  fetterlock  ;  a  hind  (from  the  Fair  Maid 
of  Kent).4 

Richard  III.  A  rose  and  sun,  either  S3parately,  or  the  former 
within  the  ktter ;  the  falcon  with  the  maiden's  bead,  holding  a  rose 
(Fig.  284)   for  Conyngsburgh ;   a  white  boar  of  silver,  tusks  and 


Fig.  284.— Richard  J II. 


bristles   of  gold   (Fig.  285).     Supporters,  two  white   boars   armed, 
unguled,  and  bristled  or.     His  banner,5  the  white  boar  and  suns. 

The  device  of  a  boar  was  used  by  Richard  before  he  was  king. 
When  Duke  of  Gloucester,  he  had  a  pursuivant  named  Blanch  Sanglier. 
His  cognisance  was,  a  rose  supported  on  the  dexter  side  by  a  bull,  a 
badge  of  the  house  of  Clare,  and  on  the  sinister  by  a  boar,  which  boar 


1  A  bull,  sable,  his  horns,  hoof's,  and 
members,  or ;  Noir  taureau  was  the  pur- 
suivant to  the  Duke  of  Clarence. 

Ralph  Neslynden  held  £10  per  annum, 
by  letters  patent,  under  the  Great  Seal  of 
Edward  IV.,  "  for  the  good  and  agree- 
able service  which  he  did  to  us  in  berying 
and  holdying  of  our  standard  of  the 
Blak  Bulle  in  the  batayl  of  Shirborn."— 
Rolls  of  Parliament. 

2  Landsdown,  MS.,  870. 

3  Supporters,  a  lion  rampant,  argent 
(for  the  earldom  of  March).    A  bull  and 


a  lion.  A  lion  argent,  and  a  white  hart 
attired,  unguled,  ducally  gorged  and 
chained,  or.  A  MS.  has  the  arms  en- 
circled by  the  Garter,  the  earliest  instance 
noticed.  Crest,  upon  a  chapeau  gules, 
turned  up  white  (placed  upon  a  royal 
helmet),  a  lion  passant,  gardant,  or, 
having  a  fleur-de-lis  of  the  last  standing 
upon  his  back ;  supporters,  two  lions 
argent.     Motto,  Dieu  el  mon  droit. 

4  His  shield  was  supported  on  the 
right  with  the  lion  of  March,  and  on  the 
left  with  a  hind  argent.— Sandfokd. 


Hail.  MS.,  4632. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  375 

he  had  found  among  the  badges  of  the  house  of  York.  The  latter  he 
selected  for  his  own  personal  device,  and  it  was  that  by  which  he  was 
generally  designated,  as  we  know  by  the  doggrel  which  is  said  to  have 
caused  its  composer  "  to  be  shortened  by  the  head  and  four  quarters :" 

"  The  Ratte,  the  Cat,  and  Lovell  our  dogge, 
Rule  all  England  under  the  Hogge, — " 

meaning  by  the  hog,  the  dreadful  wild  boar,  which  was  the  king's 
cognisance.     But  Collingbourne  was  one  of  the  most  seditious  of  the 


Fig.  285.— Kichard  III. 

disaffected,  and  held  correspondence  with  Eichmond,  and  deserved  his 

fate : 

"  When  I  meant  the  ting  by  name  of  Hog, 
I  only  alluded  to  his  badge  the  Boar."1 

Queen  Margaret  calls  Richard  a  "  rooting   hog,"  and  Hastings 

says : 

"  To  fly  the  boar  before  Ihe  boar  pursues, 
Were  to  incense  the  boar  lo  follow  us, 
And  make  pursuit,  when  he  did  mean  no  chase. 
Go,  bid  thy  master  rise  and  come  to  me; 
And  we  will  both  together  to  the  Tower, 
Where,  he  shall  see,  the  boar  will  use  us  kindly.'' 

King  Richard  III.,  Act  iii.,  sc.  2. 

Again,  Hastings  to  Stanley : 

"  Come  on,  come  on,  where  is  your  boar-spearman  ? 
Fear  you  ihe  boar,  and  go  so  unprovided  ?" 

On  the  occasion  of  Eichard's  second  coronation  at  York,2  Piers 
Courteis,  keeper  of  Ins  wardrobe,  was  ordered  by  him  to  furnish, 
among  other  things,  "  four  standards  of  sarcenet  with  boars,  thirteen 
thousand  quinysans  (cognisances)  of  fustian  with  boars." 

Richard  bestowed  upon  Queen's  College,  Cambridge,  a  seal  whereon 

1  Complaint  of  Collingbourne  in  Sack-  2  He    had    before    been    crowned    at 

ville's  Mirror  for  Magistrates.  Westminster. 


376  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

was  engraved  his  cognisance,  the  boar.1     Nor  was  "  the  bristled  boar  " 
wanting  at  the  battle  of  Bosworth  :2 

"The  last  of  that  long  war 
Entitled  by  the  name  of  York  and  Lancaster." 

Drayton. 

Gorgeously  attired  in  splendid  armour,  and  rendered  still  more 
conspicuous  by  the  royal  diadem  which  (as  in  the  instance  of  Henry  V. 
at  Agincourt)  surmounted  his  helmet,  Richard,  rode  upon  a  milk-white 
charger  superbly  caparisoned,  attended  by  his  body  guards,  displaying 
the  banner  of  England,  and  innumerable  pennons  glittering  with  the 
silver  boar. 

"  Not  one  foot  will  I  fly  so  long  as  breath  bides  within  my  breast ; 
for  by  Him  who  shaped  both  sea  and  land,  this  day  shall  end  my 
battles  or  my  life.     I  will  die  king  of  England  !"3 

All  his  friends  and  followers  were  numbered  with  the  dead ;  his 
standard-bearer  alone  remained ;  and  he  waved  the  royal  banner  on 
high  until  both  his  legs  "  were  cut  him  from,  yet  to  the  ground  he 
would  not  let  it  go,"4  till  life  was  quite  extinct.5 

Richard's  body  was  placed  across  his  war  steed,  "  like  a  hogue  calf," 
the  head  and  arms  hanging  on  the  one  side  of  the  horse,  and  the 
legs  on  the  other  side,6  and  was  thus  disposed  behind  his  pursuivant 
at  arms,  Blanc  Sanglier,  he  wearing  the  silver  boar  upon  his  coat,  and 
carried  back  to  Leicester  in  trophy  of  the  morning's  victory. 

The  motto  of  Richard  III.  was  Loyaute  me  lie,  "  Loyalty  bindeth 
me." 

1  The  night  before  Bosworth,  he  slept  this  most  people  understood  to  imply 
at  the  chief  inn  at  Leicester,  the  "  Silvery  "  that  the  archer  in  the  fight  who  should 
Boar,"  but  on  his  deatli  the  victorious  shoot  the  first  arrow  should  gain  the  day 
army  compelled  the  owner  of  the  inn  to  on  his  side."  The  Earl  of  Richmond, 
pull  down  the  emblem  of  Richard,  and  bending  his  march  forward  from  the  city 
substitute  the  blue  boar  of  Oxford  for  of  Hereford,  first  passed  the  Arrow,  a 
the  white  boar  (Nichols,  vol.  ii.,  p.  381).  small  stream  which  takes  its  name  from 
The  inn  was  pulled  down  in  1836,  but  the  rapidity  of  its  current,  about  the 
the  adjoining  thoroughfare  still  retains  distance  of  a  mile  from  the  town  of 
the  name  of  Blue  Boar  Lane.  "The  Leominster;  and  was  said  accordingly 
proud  bragging  white  boar,  which  was  to  have  fulfilled  the  prophecy. — History 
bis  badge,  was  violently  rased  and  pulled  of  Leominster. 

down,  from  every  sign  and  place  where  it  3  Harl.  MSS.,  542.  4  Ibid. 

might  be  spied "  (Grafton,  p.  255).  s  Kedmore    Plain,   better    known    as 

2  It  was  foretold,  that  in  the  first  Bosworth  Field,  from  its  vicinity  to  the 
battle,  whoever   happened  to  shoot   the  market  town  of  that  name. 

arrow    first,   should   have    the   victory ;  6  Grafton,  p.  234. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


377 


His  signet  when  Duke  of  Gloucester,  as  Lord  High  Admiral  of 
England,  represents  the  admiral's  ship,  and  on  the  forecastle  stands  a 
beacon,  and  under  it  an  anchor. 

The  badge  of  Queen  Anne  was  the  bear  and  ragged  staff  of  her 
family. 

The  House  of  Tudor.  The  hawthorn  bush.  The  Tudor  rose.1 
The  portcullis  or,  nailed  azure,  armed  and  chained;  the  fleur-de-lis. 
Supporters,  a  red  dragon,  and  white  greyhound. 

A  hawthorn  bush  fruited  and  ensigned  with  the  royal  crown 
proper,  between  the  letters  H.  E.  or  (Fig.  286),  was  a  favourite  device 


Fig.  286.— Henry  Vll. 

of  the  Tudor  kings,2  assumed  from  Eichard's  crown  being  found  in  a 
bush  after  the  battle.  A  steep  hill  served  to  check  a  bit  the  pursuit  of 
the  victors,  and  further  carnage  of  the  vanquished.  Henry  paused  on 
its  summit,  and  there  received  from  his  father-in-law  that  diadem  which 
had  cost  Eichard  his  life.  During  the  heat  of  the  conflict,  and 
shortly  before  the  monarch's  death,  the  crown  which  surmounted  his 
helmet  was  cleft  from  it.  Falling  to  the  ground,  it  was  picked  up 
by  a  soldier,  and  concealed  in  a  hawthorn  bush  in  the  adjoining  wood.3 
There  it  was  accidentally  discovered  by  Sir  Eeginald  Bray,  who, 


1  "  The  rose  of  snow, 
Twin'd  with  her  blushing  fue." 

Gray's  Bard. 

2  At  the  meeting  on  the  Field  of  the 
Cloth  of  Gold,  Holinshed  says  were  set 
up  "  two  trees  of  much  honour,  the  one 
called   Aubespine,  that  is   to   saie,   the 


Hawthorn  in  English  for  Henry,  and  the 
other  the  Framboister,  which  in  English 
signifieth  the  raspberrie,  after  the  signi- 
fication of  the  French." 

8  "  They  hewed  the  crown  of  gold 
from  his  head  with  dowtfull  dents." — 
Harl.  MS.,  542. 


378  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

seizing  the  precious  relic,  presented  it  to  Lord  Stanley,  that  nobieman 
placed  it  on  Bichniond's  head,  and  hailed  him  monarch  of  England. 
The  eminence  whereon  this  occurred  still  retains  the  name  of  "  Crown 
Hill."  To  this  circumstance  may  be  attributed  the  emphatic  ad- 
monition of  Sir  Thomas  Wyndhani  to  his  son,  "  not  to  desert  the 
crown,  though  it  hung  on  a  bush." 

The  red  and  white  roses,  "the  blended  roses  bought  so  dear,"1 
were  worn  variously  united,  sometimes  per  pale,  sometimes  quarterly, 
but  generally  one  within  the  other,  a  white  rose  charged  upon  a  red 
one.     Also  the  roses  separately,  often  crowned,  sometimes  irradiated. 

On  the  marriage  of  Henry  VII.  and  Elizabeth 
of  York,  of  Cardinal  Bouchier,  who  officiated, 
Fuller  says :  "  His  hand  held  that  sweet 
posie,  wherein  the  white  and  red  roses  were 
first  tied  together." 

The  portcullis  (Fig.  287)  was  a  badge  in 
allusion  to  his  descent  from  John  of  Beaufort, 
son   of  John  of  Gaunt.     Henry  added  the 
Fig  2sr.-iienry  vi j  motto,  Altera  securitas,  "A  second  security," 

— implying  that  as  a  portcullis  is  an  addi- 
tional defence  to  a  gate,  so  his  descent  from  the  Beaufort  family 
afforded  him  an  additional  title  to  the  crown. 

Henby  VII.  Besides  the  above,  he  assumed  as  badges  the  red 
dragon  of  Cadwallader — "  Bed  dragon,  dreadful."  Henry  claimed  an 
uninterrupted  descent  from  the  aboriginal  princes  of  Britain,  Arthur 
and  Uther,  Caradoc,  Halstan,  Pendragon,  &c.  His  grandfather,  Owen 
Tudor,  bore  a  dragon  as  his  device,  in  proof  of  his  direct  descent 
from  Cadwallader,  the  last  British  prince  and  first  king  of  Wales 
(a.d.  678),  the  dragon  being  the  device  of  that  ancient  monarch, 
and  was  consequently  carried  by  Henry  at  Bosworth  Field.  It  must, 
however,  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  dragon  was  the  customary 
standard  of  the  kings  of  England.  It  was  borne  in  the  battle 
between  Canute  and  Edmund  Ironsides.  It  is  figured  in  the  Bayeux 
tapestry.     It  was  carried  before  Henry  III.  at  the  battle  of  Lewes : 

"  The  king  schemed  forth  his  scheld  his  Dragon  full  austere."  2 
Edward    I.,   when    in    Wales,   fought    under   the   dragon,   and 
1  Sir  W.  Scott.  -  Peter  Lanstoffe. 


AND  WAR-CRIES.  379 

Edward  III.  erected  at  the  battle  of  Cressy  a  standard  of  red  silk, 

with  lilies  of  gold. 

The  dim  cow,  in  token  of  his  descent  from  Guy,  Earl  of  Warwick,1 

who  had  slain 

"  A  monstrous  wyld  and  cruel le  beast, 
Called  the  dun  cow  of  Dunsmore  heath." 

A  greyhound  argent,  collared  or,  the  collar  charged  with  a  rose, 
gules  (Lancaster).  Henry's  device  was,  two  hands  united,  holding  a 
caduceus.  Motto,  Fide  et  consilio,  "  By  faith  and  counsel."  Motto, 
Dieu  et  mon  droit. 

Elizabeth  of  York,  his  wife.  At  her  funeral,  the  cloth  of  majesty 
was  inscribed  with  her  motto,  Humble  and  reverence.2  Hemy's 
supporters  were  two  greyhounds,  or  a  dragon  and  a  greyhound. 

Prince  Arthur  bore  two  antelopes. 

Henry  VIII.  The  hereditary  devices  of  the  portcullis  or,  the 
fleur-de-lis  or,  and  the  red  rose  argent.  The  greyhound  and  the 
red  dragon.  A  flame  of  fire.3  An  armed  leg,  couped  at  the  thigh, 
the  foot  passing  through  three  crowns  of  gold.4 

The  lion  and  the  antelope  are  also  among  the  king's  "beasts" 
which  ornament  the  summit  of  his  tent  on  the  Field  of  the  Cloth  of 
Gold,5  when, 

'•  Those  suns  of  glory,  those  two  lights  of  men, 
Met  in  the  vale  of  Arde." 

King  Henry  VIII.,  Act  i.,  sc.  I. 

On  the  valance  was  inscribed,  Dieu  et  mon  droit,  and  Semper  vivat 
in  eterno,  "  Let  him  ever  live  in  eternity." 

At  the  same  pageant  Henry  took  for  his  device  an  English  archer 
in  a  green  coat,  drawing  his  arrow  to  the  head,  with  this  inscription, 
Cui  adhereo  yrseest,  "  He  to  whom  I  adhere,  prevails," — referring  to 
the  importance  of  his  alliance  to  either  of  the  contending  monarchs. 
At  the  same  festivities 6  Henry  had  on  the  housings  of  his  charger 

1  By  the  Beauforts,  through  the  Beau-  2  Sandford,  p.  440. 

champs  of   Holt.    After  the  battle   of  3  Harl.  MSS.,  1440,  2035. 

Bosworth  Field,  Henry  went  in  state  to  4  Harl.  MS.,  1470.     This  may  allude 

St.  Paul's,  where  he  offered  three  stand-  to  his  having  trodden  under  foot  the  triple 

ards,  in  one  was  the  image  of  St.  George,  crown  of  the  Roman  Pontiff.     Henry  was 

on  the  other  a  "  red  fierce  dragon  beaten  the  first  monarch  who,  on  his  great  seal, 

upon  green  and  white  sarsenet  (the  livery  encircled  his  escutcheon  with  the  garter, 

colours  of  the  House  of  Tudor),  on  the  — Ashmole,  157. 

third  was  painted  a  dun  cow  upon  yellow  5  Camden,  'Remains,'  116. 

tartan"  (Hall).     The  dun  cow  is  stdl  6  Holinshcd. 
one  of  the  badges  of  the  Guards. 


380  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

waves  of  gold  laid  on  russet  velvet,  "  which  waves  signified  the  lord- 
ship of  the  narrow  seas." 

His  supporters  were — the  red  dragon  and  white  greyhound  of  his 
family ;  red  dragon  and  a  lion  gardant  or,  sometimes  crowned  for  his 
dexter ;  a  greyhound  argent,  and  a  lion  or.  Eandle  Holmes1  also  gives 
as  sinister  supporters — a  bull  argent,  crowned,  horned  and  hoofed  or ; 
a  cock  argent,  combed,  wattled,  and  legged  or,  in  his  beak  a  slip  of 
broom-flowers,  leaved  vert. 

In  a  portrait  of  Henry  VIII.,  by  Holbein,  a  cock,  with  the  pome- 
granate and  rose  are  introduced.     The  cock  was  one  of  the  badges  for 

Wales. 

Rosa  sine  spina  is  on  a  three-halfpenny  piece  of  Henry  VIII. 

Katherine  of  Aragon.  The  pomegranate  burst  open,  conjoined 
with  the  Tudor  rose2  (Fig.  288).  A  sheaf  of  arrows — a  rebus  of 
Aragon.3 


Fig.  238. — Katherine  of  Aragon. 

On  an  achievement  of  Katherine  is  the  motto  of  her  father, 
Ferdinand  the  Catholic,  Tanto  monta.     See  Spain. 

Anne  Bullen.  A  stump  of  a  tree  couped  and  erased  or,  thereon 
a  falcon  argent,4  crowned  with  the  royal  crown,  and  holding  a  sceptre 

1  Handle  Holmes,  in  Harl.  MSS.,  2035,  grand  banquet  given  at  Westminster  in 
2076.  the  first  year  of  his  reign  as  wearing  a 

2  "  A  plant  of  pomegranates  in  honour  suite  of  "  shorte  garments,  little  beneath 
of  the  Queen  Katherine,  being  her  the  points  of  blue  velvet  and  crymosine, 
device,"  with  a  bush  of  red  and  white  with  long  sleeves,  all  cut  and  lyned  witli 
roses  to  represent  Henry  and  his  two  cloth  of  gold,  and  the  outer  parts  of  the 
sisters,  were  placed  in  the  garden-arti-  garments  powdered  with  castles  and 
ficial,  which  made  part  of  a  pageant  at  sheafs  of  arrowes  (the  badge  of  his 
Greenwich.  Queen  Katherine)  of  fyne  dokett  (ducat) 

3  Hall    describes    Henry   VIII.  at   a  gold." 

4  The  Bullen  crest. 


AND  WAB-CRIES. 


381 


proper,  before  him  a  bunch  of  flowers  with  both  red  and  white  roses 
issuing  from  the  stump  (Fig.  289),  with  the  vain-glorious  motto, 
Mihi  et  mea,  "  To  me  and  mine," — implying  that  by  her  was  to  be 
continued  the  royal  line. 


Fig.  289.— Ann  Bullen. 

Anne  of  Cleves.  At  her  meeting1  with  Henry,  her  footmen 
had  embroidered,  in  goldsmith's  work,  the  black  lion  of  Juliers,  and 
the  escarbuncle  of  Cleves. 

Her  wedding-ring  was  inscribed,  God  send  me  wel  to  Iteye? 

Kathekine  Howard.  Henry  VIET,  granted  her  arms  of  aug- 
mentation, as  he  had  to  Anne  Bullen  and  to  Jane  Seymour. 

Katherine  Parr.  Henry  granted  as  badge  a  maiden's  head, 
royally  crowned  proper,  crined  and  vested  or,3  conjoined  to  a  part  of 
a  triple  rose,  red,  white  and  red  (Fig.  290).  He  also  gave  her 
augmentation  to  her  arms.4 


1  Hall. 
3  See  Badges,  Pare,  for  Katherine's 
family  arras. 

*  The  woodcut  of  the  badges  of  Henry 


1  Ibid. 
VIII.'s  Queen,  and  some  others  of  the 
English     sovereigns,    are    copied    from 
Willement's  comprehensive  work. 


;;s:> 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


Jane  Seymour.     Motto,  Bound  to  obey  and  serve} 
The  badge,  Fig.  291,  is  emblazoned  upon  a  grant  of  lands  made 
to  her  by  Henry  in  the  possession  of  the  Duke  of  Somerset,  whose 
crest,  a  phoenix  or,  in  flames,  issuing  from  a  ducal  coronet,  forms  part 
of  the  badge.     See  Mandruccio,  Cristoforo. 


Fig.  290.-  Katlierme  Parr. 


Fig  291. — Jane  Seymour. 


Edward  VI.  and  his  sisters,  used  on  a  mount  vert,  a  cannon  on 
its  carriage  or,  fired  proper,  with  the  ladle  and  sponge  placed  saltire- 
wise  in  the  base  of  the  hill  argent,  stands,  gold.2  This  badge  appears 
on  a  portrait  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  by  Luca  de  Heere,  with  the  falcon  of 
her  mother.  The  sun-shining  ;3  motto,  Idem  per  diversa,  "  The  same 
in  diverse  circumstances."  Edward  bore  the  Prince's  feathers  passing 
through  a  ducal  coronet,  rayonnated.  Supporters,  a  lion  gardant  or, 
and  dragon  gules. 

Mary.  One  of  her  devices  seems  to  be  an  impalement  of  those 
of  her  parents.  It  may  be  described  as  the  dexter  half  of  a  double 
rose  (gules  upon  argent),  barbed  and  seeded  proper,  impaled  with  a 
semicircle,  per  pale,  vert  and  azure,  therein  a  sheaf  of  arrows  or, 
armed  and  feathered  of  the  second  and  vert  together,  with  a  tasselled 
cord  (forming  a  knot)  of  the  first.  The  whole  rayonnant  and  en- 
signed,  with  a  royal  crown,  without  arches,  proper  (Fig.  292). 

Mary  used  when  princess,  the  roses  and  pomegranate  knit  to- 
gether, as  borne  by  her  mother,  showing  her  descent  from  Lancaster, 
York,  and  Spain.4     Also  the  pomegranate  alone. 

1  MS.,  Lib.  Herald's  Coll.         ■   2  Hail.  MS.,  2035.  »  Sir  ft.  Cotton. 

4  Sandford. 


AND  WAK-CEIES. 


383 


By  persuasion  of  the  Komish  clergy,  when  she  came  to  the  throne, 
she  hore  a  winged  lion,  drawing  Truth  out  of  a  pit,  with  the  motto, 
Veritas  temporis  filia,  "  Truth  the  daughter  of  time."  This  motto  is 
on  her  English  groats,  half  groats,  and  pennies,  more  or  less  con- 


Fig.  292.— Mary. 


tracted,  struck  before  her  marriage  with  Philip,  and  on  the  Irish 
shillings.  After  her  marriage  with  Philip  II.,  Mary  bore  his  arms 
impaled  with  her  own  ;l  motto,  Dieu  et  mon  droit,  or  as  above.  A 
sword  erected  upon  an  altar ;  motto,  Pro  ara  et  regni  custodia,  "  For 
the  altar  and  defence  of  the  kingdom." 

Elizabeth.  A  rose  crowned,  England,  a  fleur-de-lis  crowned, 
France,  and  a  harp  or,  stringed,  argent,  ensigned  with  the  crown 
royal,  for  Ireland.2  A  rose,  with  the  motto,  Rosa  sine  spina,  "  Eose 
without  the  thorn;"  or,  Rutilans  rosa  sine  spina,  "Bright-red  rose 
without  the  thorn,"  is  on  some  of  her  coins.  Semper  eadem,  some- 
times with  the  phoenix,  was  her  favourite  motto. 


1  Mary's  supporters  were,  a  lion  gar- 
dant,  crowned,  and  a  greyhound,  or  some- 
times a  dragon  when  alone;  but  when 
impaled   with   King    Philip's   arms,    an 


eagle  dexter  and  a  lion  sinister. 

2  Elizabeth's  supporters  were  the  same 
ns  Edward  VI.— a  lion  and  greyhound. 
Motto,  Dieu  et  mon  droit. 


384  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

"  Ho  !  strike  the  flagstaff  deep,  sir  knight :     .     .     .    . 

.     .     .     .     ye  breezes  waft  her  wide, 
Our  glorious  '  Semper  eadem ' — the  banner  of  our  pride." 

Macatjlay,  Spanish  Armada. 

Elizabeth  used  her  mother's  badge  of  the  falcon,  with  the  crown 
and  sceptre;  and  at  a  pageant  at  Norwich,  1578,  it  was  exhibited  as 
"  her  own  badge,"  and  is  on  the  iron  railing  which  surrounds  her 
monument  in  Westminster  Abbey. 

Camden  says  her  devices  were  numerous ;  "  she  most  curiously 
used  that  of  a  sieve." 

Video,  "I  see;"  Taceo,  "I  am  silent ;"  Vivat prudentia  regnam, 
"  Let  the  kingdom  live  by  prudence,"  were  among  her  mottoes. 

She  placed  upon  her  medals  and  tokens  the  device  of  a  phoenix, 
Sola  phoenix  omnia  mundi,  "  The  sole  phoenix  of  the  whole  world;" 
and  on  the  other  side,  M  Anglise  gloria,  "  And  the  glory  of  England," 
with  her  portrait  full-faced. 

Her  portrait,  by  Zoffany,  at  Hatfield,  shows  her  love  of  allegory 
and  devices.  The  lining  of  her  robe  is  worked  with  eyes  and  ears, 
and  on  her  left  sleeve  is  embroidered  a  serpent,  all  to  imply  wisdom 
and  vigilance.  Jn  the  other  hand  is  a  rainbow,  with  this  flattering 
motto,  Non  sine  sole  iris,  "  No  rainbow  without  the  sun." l 

House  of  Stuart.  The  roses,  both  united  (one  within  the  other) 
and  separate,  for  England.  The  other  Stuart  badges  (now  almost 
always  crowned)  were— The  fleur-de-lis;  a  thistle,  slipped  and  leaved; 
a  rose  and  thistle  impaled ;  the  harp ;  and  a  lion  rampant  gules  (the 
Scottish  lion).2 

"  The  ruddy  lion  ramps  in  gold." 

Scott. 

"  Full  white,  the  Bourbon  lily  blows, 
And  fairer  haughty  England's  rose  ; 
Nor  shall  unsung  the  symbol  smile, 
Green  Ireland  !  of  thy  haughty  isle. 


1  Pennant's  '  Journey  from  Chester  to  maiden  queen. — Ibid.,  p.  411. 

London.'   At  Hatfield  is  another  portrait  2  The  supporters,  borne  by  James  I. 

of  Elizabeth,  in  which  a  spotted  ermine,  and  his  successor,  are  those  which  now 

with   a  crown   on  its  head    and   collar  support  the  royal  escutcheon.     Two  uni- 

round  its  neck,  is  represented  running  corns  were  the  supporters  of  Scotland, 

up  her  (trm ;  being  an  emblem  of  purity,  Charles  I.,  Charles  II.,  and   James  II. 

is  placed  here  as  a  compliment  to  the  used  Dieu  et  mon  droit. 


AND  WAR-CKIES. 


385 


In  Scotlund  grows  a  warlike  flower, 
Too  rough  to  bloom  in  lady's  bower ; 
His  crest  when  high  the  soldier  bears, 
And  spurs  his  courser  on  the  spears, 
O  there  it  blossoms — there  it  blows — 
The  thistle's  grown  above  the  rose  I" 

Allan  Cunningham. 

James  I.  His  motto,  Beati  pacifici,  "  Blessed  are  the  peaceful," 
which,  says  Selden,  well  expressed  his  natural  disposition.  This 
monarch  "  was  pictured  going  easily  down  a  pair  of  stairs,  and  upon 
every  step  was  written,  '  Peace,  peace,  peace.' " 

His  great  seal  for  Scotland  bears,  for  legend,  Deus  judicium  tuum 
rege  da,  "  Oh  God,  give  the  King  Thy  judgment."  On  some  of  his  coins 
he  placed  the  divided  thistle  and  the  rose  (Fig.  293)  ;  the  legend,  Fecit 
eos  in  gentem  unam,  "  He  made  them  into  one  people," — sometimes 
Semper  eadem.1     On  his  English  crowns  of  his  first  year,  the  motto 


Fig.  293. — James  I. 

was,  Exurgat  Deus,  dissipentur  inimica,  "  Let  God  arise,  and  let  His 
enemies  be  scattered."2  On  his  sixpences  of  the  second  coinage, 
Tueatur  unita  Deus,  "May  God  preserve  them  united."  In  1605, 
the  shillings  struck  at  the  Tower  and  sent  to  Ireland  had  on  the 
reverse  this  legend,  Henricus  rosas,  regna  Jacobus,  "Henry  united 
the  roses,  and  James  the  kingdoms." 3 


1  July  10,  1607.  Is  an  order  to  the 
embroiderer,  for  the  sumamed  liveries  of 
the  Guard,  for  "  embroidering  248  coats 
of  red  cloth  with  roses  and  crowns  im- 
perial," "  72  yards  of  crimson  satin  for 


red  roses,"  and  "  38  yards  of  white  satin 
of  Bruges  for  the  white  roses." — Pell 
Records,  p.  67. 

2  Fsalru  Ixviii. 

3  Simon. 

2  c 


386  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Queen  Anne  bore,  as  one  of  the  supporters  of  her  arms,  one  of  the 
savage  men  wreathed  with  ivy  and  bearing  clubs,  of  Denmark,  since 
designated  and  adopted  for  an  inn  sign-board  as  "  The  Green  Man." 

Charles  I.,  and  his  two  sons,  used  for  motto  on  the  great  seal  for 
Scotland,  Justicia  et  Veritas,  "Justice  and  truth." 

On  the  pieces  struck  to  commemorate  his  coronation  at  Holyrood, 
1633,  was  placed  a  great  thistle,  with  many  stalks  and  heads.  Motto, 
Hinc  nostra  crevere  rosse,  "  Hence  grew  our  roses,"  signifying  that 
his  right  to  the  crown  of  England  had  arisen  from  the  thistle  of 
Scotland. 

Cromwell,1  on  his  coins,  had  the  motto,  Hoc  nisi  peritans  mihi  2 
adamant  mea,  "  I  perish,  unless  these  stick  to  me," — the  motto  of 
Duke  Alexander  de'  Medici. 

Charles  II.  On  his  Irish  pieces,  OUectat  et  reparat,  "  It  delights 
and  procure?." 

James  II.,  while  Duke  of  York,  bore  for  his  badge  as  Lord  High 
Admiral,  an  anchor  argent,  the  ring  and  cable  or. 

William  and  Mary.  On  their  seal  for  Scotland,  the  motto, 
Favente  Deo,  "  God  favouring."  Under  the  royal  arms,  instead  of 
Dieu  et  mon  droit,  was,  "  And  I  will  maintain  it,"  or  Je  main- 
tiendray,  the  motto  of  the  House  of  Orange. 

In  a  portrait,  in  which  he  is  represented  in  the  robes  of  the  garter, 
on  the  edge  of  his  mantle  was  inscribed,  Veniendo  restituit  rem,  "  He 
restored  things  by  coming." 

The  "  herse  "  of  Queen  Mary,  which  was  erected  in  Westminster 
Abbey,  bore  several  of  the  mottoes  of  her  regal  predecessors :  Dieu  et 
mon  droit — Semper  eadem — Beati pacijici —  Vivat  prudentia  regnam. 

Anne,  adopted,  by  a  royal  Act,  the  motto  of  Queen  Elizabeth, 
Semper  eadem.  On  her  second  great  seal,  a  rose  and  a  thistle  are 
represented  springing  from  the  same  stem,  to  which  was  sometimes 
added,  Concordes,  "Agreeing." 

1  The  arms  assumed  by  the  two  Crom-  gardant,  argent,  for  Cromwell.  Sup- 
wells,  as  Lords  Protectors  of  England,  on  porter?,  a  lion  gardant  crowned,  and  a 
their  great  seal,  were  qnarterly  I.  and  IV.  dragon.  The  money  of  Ihe  Common- 
argent,  a  cross  gules  (cross  of  St.  George)  wealth  has  two  shields  united,  Ihe  one 
for  England;  II.  azure,  a  saltier  argent  bears  the  cross  of  England,  (he  other  the 
(the  arms  of  St.  Andrew  for  Scotland;  harp  of  Ireland. 

III.  or,  a  harp  gules  (the  arms  of  St.  William    and     Mary  —  the    arms    of 

Patrick)  for  Ireland ;    and    or,   an   es-  Nassau  in  an  escutcheon  over  those  of 

cutcheon,  saltier  sable,  a   lion  rampant,  England.                 •  Simon. 


AND  WAE-CEIES.  387 

On  the  reverse  of  Queen  Anne's  coronation  medal  is,  a  heart  crowned 
amidst  oaken  foliage,  surrounded  by  the  legend,  "  Entirely  English," 
from  her  speech,  on  the  first  opening  of  Parliament,  which  she  thus 
concluded  :  "  As  I  know  my  own  heart  to  be  entirely  English,  I  can 
very  sincerely  assure  you  there  is  not  anything  you  can  expect  or 
desire  from  me  which  I  shall  not  be  ready  to  do  for  the  happiness  and 
prosperity  of  England,  and  you  shall  always  find  me  a  strict  and 
religious  observer  of  my  word." 

George  I.  His  motto,  used  by  the  House  of  Hanover  immediately 
before  his  accession,  Nee  mens  inferiora  sorti,  "  Nor  is  my  mind 
inferior  to  my  lot,"  evidently  referring  to  the  throne  of  England. 
He  resumed  the  old  motto,  Dieu  et  mon  droit. 

The  present  royal  badges,  as  settled  at  the  Union,  1801,  are: 
A  white  rose  within  a  red — England.  A  thistle  — Scotland.  A  harp 
or,  stringed  or,  and  a  trefoil  vert— Ireland.  Upon  a  mount  vert,  a 
dragon  passant,  wings  expanded  and  endorsed  gules,  for  Wales. 


2  o  2 


389 


Part  III.— WAR-CRIES. 


"  The  Lauder,  rolling  to  the  Tweed, 
Resounds  the  ensenzie." 

Minstrelsy  of  the  Scottish  Border. 

"  Leadis  li  a  deraande : 
'  Qu'elle  enseigne  crierons-nous 
Quant  volrons  ralier  a  vous, 
Que  nostre  gent  soit  conneue  ?' " 

Roman  de  Florimont,  MS.,  Bib.  Imperials. 

"  Our-  slogan  is  their  lykewake  dirge, 
Our  moat  the  grave  where  they  shall  lie." 

Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrel. 

"  The  blyssyd  and  holy  martyr  Saynt  George  is  patron  of  this  realme  of  Englande, 
and  the  crye  of  men  of  warre." — Golden  Legend,  1500. 

"  To  every  erle  and  knyghte  the  word  is  gyven, 

And  cries  a  guerre  and  slughones  shake  the  vaulted  heaven." 

Chatterton,  Battle  of  Hastings. 

The  wae-cry,  cri  de  guerre  of  the  French,  the  slogan1  or  ensenzie 
of  the  Scotch,  is  of  the  remotest  antiquity.  "  The  sword  of  the  Lord 
and  of  Gideon," — the  battle-cry  of  the  Israelites  when  engaging  the 
hosts  of  Midian  in  the  Valley  of  Jezreel — is  perhaps  the  earliest  record 
of  the  use  of  the  war-cry  which,  now  little  used  among  civilized 
nations,  still  finds  its  representation  in  the  war-whoop  of  the  savage. 

Each  nation  usually  invoked  its  patron  saint ;  but  in  war,  each 
party  had  its  separate  cry.     The   "  droit  de  banniere  et  de  cry  de 

1  Slogan,  Slugan,  Slughorne,  Sloggans,  Ensenzies. 

"  And  beard  the  slogan's  deadly  yell." 

Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrel. 


390  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

guerre,"  were  conjointly  the  attributes  of  nobility.  Of  Sir  Simon  de 
Felbrigge,  for  instance,  it  is  said,  he  was  a  gentleman  "  de  nom,  d'armes1 
et  de  cry." 

"  Percy,  Percy !"  was  the  rallying-cry  at  Otterbourne ;  and  the 
cry  of  "  A  Warwick,  a  Warwick !  "  decided  the  fate  of  Banbury 
Field.2 

So  widely  did  the  practice  prevail  in  England,  that,  in  1495,  an 
Act  of  Parliament  was  passed  forbidding  all  these  cries  as  productive 
of  discord,  and  enjoining  all  noblemen  and  their  retainers  thence- 
forth to  call  only  on  St.  George  and  the  King. 

The  cries,  "  Crom-a-boo"  and  "  Butler-a-boo,"  are  especially  prohi- 
bited. "  Abo,"  from  an  early  period  was  the  cry  of  the  Irish.  "  Laundarg 
Abo  ! — the  Bloody  Hand  ! — strike  for  O'Neil !"  were  the  battle  cries 
of  the  wild  followers  of  the  rebel  Shan  O'Neil,  when  he  defied  the 
forces  of  Elizabeth  ;3  and  "  Abo"  now  appears  an  adjunct  to  the  mottoes 
of  many  of  the  nobles  of  Ireland,  conjoined  with  the  name  of  the  chief 
fortresses  of  their  family,  as  the  "  Crom-a-boo"4  of  the  house  of  Lein- 
ster,  the  "  Shanet-a-boo"  of  the  Earls  of  Desmond,  the  "  Butler-a-boo," 
and  many  others.  The  calling  the  name  of  Macgregor  was  legally 
annulled  in  Scotland.  The  war-cry  was  sometimes  granted  by  special 
favour  of  the  sovereign.  We  read  that  at  the  battle  of  Fornova, 
Charles  VIII.,  seeing  his  army  in  danger,  addressed  himself  to  the 
Seigneur  de  Montoison,5  who  commanded  the  rear-guard,  crying,  "Ala 
recousse,  Montoison  !"  which  so  animated  this  brave  lord,  that  he  made 
a  furious  charge,  which  decided  the  fate  of  the  day.  King  Charles 
thanked  all  the  brave  men  for  their  timely  aid,  and  especially  the 
Dauphinese  knight,  to  whom  he  granted  the  cry  de  guerre,  "  A  la 
recousse,  Montoison,"  in  perpetual  remembrance  of  his  bravery.0 

The  usual  war-cry  of  the  Kings  of  England  was  - "  Montjoie,"7 
"  Notre  Dame,"  "  St.  George." 

At  the  siege  of  Jaffa,  the  watchword  of  Eichard  I.  was,  "  Guyenne 
au  Eoi  d'Angleterre ;"  and  the  Black  Prince,  at  the  battle  of  Poitiers 

1  "  And  if  no  gentleman,  why,  then  no  4  Crom   Castle,  county  Limerick,  for- 

arms."-*-Taming  of  (he  Shrew,  ii.  1.       merly  belonging  to  the  Fitzgerahls. 

2  At  Stamford  -  s  Philibert  de  Clairmont. 

"Wells  for  'Warwick'  cry,  and  for  the  rightful  '  De    Coste-        Mo0es   des   Daufins   de 

crown,  Viennois. 

The    other  call  'a  York,'  to  beat  the  rebels  ?  For    an    explanation   of    the    term, 

Montjoie,  see  Devices,  Gtf.ldkes,  Dukes 


down."— Drayton. 


3  Fronde.  of. 


AND  WAK-CBIES.  391 

and  Navarete,  took   his  slughorn  from  the  province,  "  St.  George, 
Guyenne !" 

"  Dieu  et  mon  droit,"  was  probably  a  war-cry  long  before  it  was 
adopted  as  a  royal  motto,  for  Kichard  I.  is  recorded  to  have  said,  "  Not 
me,  but  God  and  our  right  have  vanquished  France  at  Gisors." 

The  gain  of  the  battle  of  Cressy  was  attributed  to  the  especial 
invocation  of  St.  George,  in  remembrance  of  which  King  Edward  III. 
founded  his  chapel  within  the  castle  of  "Windsor. 

King  Edward  was  also  wont  to  invoke  St.  Edward  in  any  great 
strait.  Walsingham  gives  an  instance  at  the  skirmish,  in  1349,  at 
Calais,  when  the  king  in  great  wrath  and  grief  drew  out  his  sword 
and  most  passionately  called  out,  "  Ha  !  St.  Edward — ha !  St.  George," 
which  his  soldiers  hearing,  ran  presently  to  him,  and  rushing  violently 
upon  the  enemy,  put  most  of  them  to  the  sword. 

So  Shakspeare  gives  it  as  the  cry  of  each  chief  at  the  battle  of 
Bosworth  Field : 

"  Sound,  drums  and  trumpets,  boldly  and  cheerfully, 
God  and  St.  George  !  Richmond  and  victory  !" 

King  Richard  III.,  Act  v.,  sc.  3. 

And  King  Kichard  says  : 

"  Advance  our  standards,  stt  upon  our  foes ; 
Our  ancient  word  of  courage,  fair  Saint  George, 
Inspire  us  with  the  spleen  of  fiery  dragons  !" 

Ibid. 

And  Prince  Edward  exclaims,  before  Tewkesbury's  fatal  fight : 

"  Then  strike  up,  drums, — God  and  Saint  George  for  us  !" 

King  Henry  VI.,  3rd  Part,  Act  ii.,  sc.  1. 

As  the  old  ballad  runs  : 

"  St.  George,  he  was  for  England,  St.  Denis  was  for  France  ; 
Sing,  Honi  &oit  qui  mal  y  pense." 

Ballad  of  St.  George  for  England. 

"  The  Frenchmen  shout  forth  '  Notre  Dame,' 
Thus  calling  on  our  Lady's  name, 
To  which  the  highest  host  reply, 
'  St.  George  !  St.  George  !'  their  battle  cry." 

Poem  of  the  Fourteenth  Century,  Battle  of  Poitiers. 

There  is  little  doubt,  the  National  Anthem  is  founded  upon  the 
watchword  and  countersign  ordered  through  the  royal  navy  by  King 
Henry  the  Eighth's  Lord  Admiral,  in  1545  :  "  The  watchwords  in  the 


39^  HISTOETC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

night  shalbe  thus — '  God  save  King  Henrye ;'  th'  other  shal  answer, 
'  And  long  to  reign  overus.' " 

Thomas  Norton  concludes  his  singular  address  to  the  rebels  of  the 
North,  in  1549,  "  God  save  our  Queene  Elizabeth  and  confound  her 
enemies." 

The  Puritans  brought  in  Scripture  words ;  and  the  war  cry  of  the 
tribes  revolted  from  David,  "  To  your  tents,  0  Israel,"  l  was  adopted 
by  the  Republicans  of  the  seventeenth  century. 

At  the  battle  of  Hylton-on-the-Wear,  in  1644,  the  field- word  of 
the  Scots  was,  "  The  Lord  of  Hosts  is  with  us ;"  that  of  the  Marquis 
of  Northampton,  "  Now  or  never." 

Cromwell's  watchword  or  war-cry  at  Dunbar  was,  <;  The  Lord  of 
Hosts."  This  motto  is  on  the  first  English  military  medal,  a.d.  1651 
or  1052. 

The  cry  of  Scotland  was,  "  St.  Andrew" — "  Hellicourt  en  Ponthieu." 

"  Uppon  Sent  Andrewe  lowde  cane  they  crye, 
And  thrysse  they  schowte  on  hyght, 
And  syne  marked  them  one  owr  Ynglysshe  men, 
As  I  have  told  yow  ryght. 

Ballad  of  Otterboiime. 

"  Anil  cry — '  St.  Andrew  and  our  right.'  " 

Marmion. 

The  war-cry  of  "  Alban !  Alban !"  was  used  at  the  battle  of  the 
Standard,  1138,  by  the  Celtic  portion  of  the  army  of  the  King  of 
Scotland. 

The  Kings  of  France,  called  "  Montjoye,  Saint  Denys !" 
"  Clisson,  assura   sa  Majeste   du  gain  de  la   balaille,   le  roi  lui 
repondit :   '  Connestable,  Dieu  le  veeulle,  nous  irons  done  avant   au 
nom  de  Dieu  et  de  Sainct  Denis.'"2 

The  great  vassals  of  the  French  crown  had  each  their  own  cry : 

Anjou St.  Maurice. 

„ Eallie,  Eallie. 

„ Montjoie,  Anjou. 3 

Artois        ....   Montjoie  au  blanc  epervier. 
Auvergne  ....   Clermont  au  dauphin  d'Auvergne. 
Bourbon    ....   Nostre-Dame,    Nostre-Dame,     Bourbon, 

Bourbon. 
Louis,  Duke  of  Bourbon,  was  recognised  by  his  cry  at  the  siege 

1  1  Kings  xii.  16.  3  "  Rene',  '  II  crie  Montjoye-Anjou  car 

2  Vulson  de  la  Colombiere.  tel  est  sa  plaisir.'  " 


Bretagne  , 
Burgundy 


Moult       tarde 

me| 

AND  WAE- CRIES.  393 

of  Verneuil,  when  fighting  in  the  mine  against  the  defenders  of  the 
town ;  and  the  Constable  Bourbon  was  killed  at  the  siege  of  Borne, 
when  giving  the  signal  tor  the  assault ;  his  last  words  were,  "  Bourbon 
marche  devant." 

Bar Bar  au  riche  due. 

.   Saint  Yves,  Saint  Malo  ! 

.   Au  feu,  au  feu. 

.   Chastillon  au  noble  Due. 

.   Montjoie,  Notre-Dame,  Bourgogne. 

.   Bourgogne,  Bourgogne. 

Philip  the  Bold  cried,  "  Moult  me  tarde;"  and  after  the  battle  of 

Bosbec,  so  satisfied  was  he  with  the  people  of  Dijon,  that  he  granted 

many  privileges  to  the  city,  and  among  others,  that  of  bearing  his 

arms  and  using  his  "  cri."     As  this  motto  was  inscribed  in  this  way 

on  their  standards,  many  in  reading  saw  only  the  two 

words,  Moult- tarde;   hence  the  sobriquet  of  "Moutardes  de  Dijon," 

Moult  being  the  old  French  for  "beaucoup" — much.     See  Burgundy, 

Philip  the  Bold. 

M.  le  Koux  de  Lincy  doubts  the  truth  of  this  etymology,  as 

"  moutarde  de   Dijon "   is   mentioned   in  a   song   of    the   eleventh 

century,  showing  the  city  was  already  famous  for  its  mustard,  the 

name  recalling  its  pungent  quality,  Mout,  much — arde,  burns.     "  II 

n'est  moutarde  qu'  a  Dijon,"  is  a  proverb  of  the  fifteenth  century. 

Champagne     .      .      .   Passavant :  le  meillor. 

Thibaut  (Count  of) .   Passavant  la  Thiebaud. 

„  ,,         .   Chartres  et  Passavant. 

Flanders    ....   Arras. 

„       (Counts  of)  .   Flandres  au  lion.2 

Foix Bearne,  Notre  Dame  Bearne. 

Guienne    .  .      .   Guienne  au  puissant  due. 

Normandy       .      .      .   Diex  aye  Dam  Diex  aye, — i.e .,  Dieu  nous 

aide,  le  Seigneur  Dieu  nous  aide. 

Bouen       ....    Rouen. 

1  One  of  the  Counts  of  Chartres,  in  a  successors,   the   Counts  of    Champagne 

combat  between  him  and  Richard,  the  and  Brie,  bore  on  then-  seals  the  motto, 

first  Duke  of  Normandy,  used  as  a  war-  "  Passavant  le  meillor." 

cry,  "  Passavant,"—  a  cry  which  became  "  Alluding     to     the     lion     on     their 

hereditary  in  the  family,  and  many  of  his  standard. 


394  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

At  the  battle  of  Hastings,  at  the  outset,  the  Saxons  cried,  "  Holy 
Crosse,  God  Almighty! — Holy  Crosse,  God  Almighty!"  And  the 
Normans  cried,  "  Nostre  Dame,  Dieu  ay  nous  ade," — Our  Lady  and 
God  help  us.  But  during  the  fight,  the  Saxons  cried,  "Oucgt, 
oucgt," — Out,  out ! 

So,  in  the  Koman  de  Eou : 

"  Francois  crie  '  Montjoye,'  et  Normans  '  Dexaie,' 
Flamans  crie  '  Aras,'  am]  Angevin  '  Rallie,' 
Et  li  quens  Thiebaut,  '  Chartres  et  Passavant '  crie." 

Order  of  the  Saint  Esprit,  Au  droit  desir,  au  droit  desir. 

Armenia  (Lusignan)   .  Ermenie,  au  Noble  Eoy. 

Austria  (Empire)  .      .  A  dextre  et  a  senestre, — i.e.,  exhorting  to 

strike  right  and  left.1 

„       Emperor  Otho  Rome. 

„       Hungary  .      .  Notre  Dame,  a  la  recousse. 
Belgium : 

Brabant  (Dukes  of) .  Louvain  au  riche  due. 

„  „         .  Louvain,  Louvain. 

„  „         .  Limbourg,  Limbourg. 

„  „         .  Limbourg,  a  celui  qui  1'  a  conquis. 

Douay  ....  Douay. 

Enghien  (Lords  of) .  Enghien. 
Ghent    (Insurgents 

of)     ...      .  Gand,  Gand,  Les  chaperons  blancs. 

Gueldres  (Dukes  of)  Gueldres. 

Duke  Adolphus  fell  at  Tournay,  1477,  uttering  his  war-cry. 

Hairiault     .      .      .  Notre  Dame,  Haynaut. 

„  ...  Hajnaut,  au  noble  comte. 

„  ...  Haynaut,  Haynaut. 

Bohemia    ....  Christos,  Christos. 

„  .  Prague,  Prague. 

Italy  : 
Bentivoglio    (Lords 

of)     ...      .  Serra.     See  Bentivoglio. 

Church  ....  Notre  Dame,  Saint  Pierre. 

„       ....  Saint  Pierre. 

1  Mcnestrier. 


AND  WAR-CEIES. 


395 


Florence 


Gigli. 

Marzocco. 


"  Marzocco,"  the  war-cry  of  Florence,  was  the  name  given  to  the 
Florentine  lion,  which  is  still  to  be  seen  upon  some  of  her  ancient 
gates.  A  stone  figure  of  the  lion  was  set  up  in  all  places  subject  to 
her  sway,  and  the  name  shouted  as  a  battle  cry  by  her  armies.1  The 
name  is  said  to  be  derived  from  the  Hebrew  Mare,  form  or  appear- 
ance, and  Seiahhal,  a  great  lion. 

Italy : 

Medici   ....  Palle. 

Milan    ....  Milan,  au  vaillant  Due. 

Two  Sicilies       .      .  Rene  d'Anjou — Montjoie  d'Anjou. 

Venice  ....  Marco. 


Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 

Berwick     ....   A  Berwick !  a  Berwick  ! 
Bothwell  ....   Bothwell!  Bothwell ! 

"  Bothwell !  Bothwell !  cried  bold."— Flodden  Field. 


Bourke 
Bowes 
Bruce  . 


Gabriagh-a-boo. 

A  Bowes  !  a  Bourke ! 

The  Bruce !  the  Bruce  ! 


"  The  Bruce  !  the  Bruce  !  to  well-known  cry, 
His  native  rocks  and  woods  reply. 
The  Bruce  !  the  Bruce  !  in  that  dread  word, 
The  knell  of  hundred  deaths  was  heard." — The  Lord  of  the  Isles, 


Bulmer 
Butler       . 

Colquhoun 
Craig  Elachie 
Darnley    . 
Derby 
Desmond  . 
Douglas     . 


A  Bulmer  !  a  Bulmer ! 

Butler-a-boo. 

Cnock  Elachan. 

Stand  sure. 

Jamais  arriere  Darnley.     See  Aubigny. 

Lancestre  au  Comte  Derby. 

Shanet-a-boo. 

Douglas,  Saint  Gilles. 


„        (Earl  Selkirk)  Jamais  arriere. 
Drummond      .      .      .   Gang  Warily. 


See  Badges. 


1  The  Torre  del  Marzocco,  at  Leghorn, 
derives   its  name  from  the   lion   placed 


upon   it  as    a   weathercock.- 
Handbook  of  Northern  Italy. 


-Murray's 


396  HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Felbrigge  (Sir  Simon  de)  Sanz  juver. 

Fenwick    ....   A  Fenwyke !  a  Fenwyke !  a  Fenwyke ! 

The  house  of  Percy  ever  ranked  the  Fenwicks  among  the  most 
valiant  of  its  retainers,  and  in  Border  warfare  the  banner  of  the 
gorged  phcenix  in  the  burning  flame,  always  appeared  with  that  of 
the  silver  crescent.     See  Badges,  Fenwiok. 

"  We  saw  come  marching  over  the  kuowes, 
Five  hundred  Fenwicks  in  a  flock  ; 
With  jack  and  spier,  and  bowes  all  bent, 
And  warlike  weapons  at  their  will." 

The  Raid  of  the  Redswire. 

The  ancient  epithet  of  the  family  is,  "  The  fierce  Fenwicks  " — 
"  The  fearless  Fenwicks." 

"  Proud  Wallington  was  wounded  sair, 
Albeit  he  be  a  Fenwick  fierce." 

Gage Courage,  sans  peur. 

Gordon      ....   Gordon — Bydand. 

"  The  Border  slogan  rent  the  sky  ! 
A  Home  !  a  Gordon  was  the  cry." 

Marmion. 

Gough      ....  Faugh-a-Bollagh  (Clear  the  way). 

Grant        ....  Craig  Ellachie,  or  Crag  Ailichie. 

Halliday  of  Annandale  A  Holy  Day. 

Hamilton  ....  Through. 

Hay Spare  nought. 

Hill Avancez. 

Home A  Home,  a  Home. 

"  And  shouting  still  a  Home  !  a  Home  !" 

Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrel. 

„      of  Wedderburn    Eemember. 
Innes Betraist. 

Johnston,  Warden  of  the  Marches.  Light  thieves  all ;  i.e., 
"Alight  from  your  horses  and  surrender" — their  old  war-cry 
and  motto.  The  family  now  use  for  motto,  Numquam  non 
paratus,  "  Never  not  ready." 

Ker Jedart's  here. 

Mac  Farlane  .      .      .   Loch  Sloy 

Mac  Gregor    .      .      .   Ard1  Callichie,  or  Challuh. 

1  Ard,  Mountain. 


AND  WAR-OBIES.  397 

Mac  Kenzie     .      .      .   Tulloch  Ard. 
Monmouth  (Duke  of) .   Soho. 

Soho  Square,  begun  in  the  time  of  Charles  II.,  was  the  residence 
of  the  unfortunate  Duke  of  Monmouth,  after  whom  it  was  called 
Monmouth  Square,  and  subsequently  King's  Square.  On  his  death, 
his  admirers  changed  the  name  to  "  Soho,"  the  word  of  the  day  at 
the  field  of  Sedgmoor.1 

Montford  (Simon  de)  .   Toulouse,  Toulouse  Montjoie. 
Napier      ....   Sans  tache — Eeady,  aye  ready. 

Northern  Counties.  The  blazon  and  word  of  the  Northern 
Counties  was— Snaffle,  Spur,  and  Spear. 

"  The  lands  that  over  Ouse  to  Berwick  forth  do  bear, 
Have  for  their  blazon  had,  the  snaffle,  spur,  and  spear." 

Drayton,  Polyolbion,  Song  33. 

In  the  '  Lay  of  the  Last  Ministrel,'  William  of  Deloraine,  addressing 
the  body  of  Richard,  the  Dark  Musgrave,  says : 

"  Yet  rest  thee  God,  for  well  I  know, 
I  ne'er  shall  find  a  nobler  foe  ! 
In  all  the  northern  counties  here, 
Whose  word  is  snaffle,  spur,  and  spear. 

Canto  v.,  st.  29. 

"  Forth  to  the  Field,"  was  a  cry  used  in  the  fourteenth  and  fifteenth 

century  by  the  lords  of  the  north,  and  was  used  at  Flodden  Field  : 

"  Now  they  that  lately  would  have  staid, 
With  foremost  cried,  '  Forth  to  the  Field.' " 

Percy Percy  !    Percy  ! 

.   A  Percy  !   a  Percy ! 

.   Esperance,  Percy. 

.   Thousands  for  a  Percy. 

No  war-cries  are  more  household  words  than  those  of  Percy. 

"  Percy  !  Percy  !"  was  the  rallying  cry  at  Otterbourne, — at  that 

fray  where   "  every  man  myght  full  well  knowe  were  the  Whyte 

Lyon,  the  Lucettes,  and  the  Cressaunts  both." 

Drayton,  describing  the  battle,  says : 

"  When  Henry  Hotspur  so  with  his  high  deeds  inflamed 
Doth  second  him  again,  and  through  such  dangers  press, 
That  Douglas'  valiant  deeds  be  made  to  seem  the  less, 
As  still  the  people  cried,  '  A  Percy,  Esperance.' 

1  Pennant. 


» >* 


398  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

At  Shrewsbury,  the  cry  of  Hotspur's  army  was,  "  Esperance 
Percy,"  while  that  of  the  king  was  "St.  George."  Shakspeare 
makes  him  exclaim : 

''  Now, — '  Esperance  !  Percy  !'  and  set  on ! 
Sound  all  the  lofty  instruments  of  war, 
And  by  that  music  let  us  all  embrace  ; 
For,  heaven  to  earth,  some  of  us  never  shall 
A  second  time  do  such  a  courtesy." 

King  Henry  IV.,  1st  Part,  Act  v.,  sc.  2. 

Again,  when  he  chooses  his  horse,  he  says : 

"  That  roan  shall  be  my  throne  ; 

Well,  I  will  back  him  straight :  0  '  Esperance  ! ' 
Bid  Butler  lead  him  forth  into  the  park." 

Ibid.,  Act  ii.,  sc.  3. 

In  this  fight,  one  of  the  leaders  of  the cc  conspiracy  of  the  three  Henrys," 

as  Bolingbroke's  rebellion  was  termed,  was  slain ;  he  finishes  his  djing 

speech  thus : 

"  Add,  therefore,  this  to  '  Esperance,'  my  word, 
Who  sheddeth  blood  shall  not  escape  the  sword." 

Mirror  for  31agistrates,  1574. 

"  Thousands  for  a  Percy,"  was  the  cry  (1536)  when  Captain  Ashe 
of  the  Pilgrimage  of  Grace  waylaid  Sir  Thomas  Percy  and  persuaded 
him  to  join  him,  for  which  he  was  hanged  at  Tyburn. 

Queensbury     .      .      .   Forward. 

Eokeby      ....   A  Eokeby !    a  Eokeby  ! 

Scott Mount  for  Branksome. 

Seton  (Earl  of  Morton)  Set-on. 

Shafto       ....   A  Shaftoe  !    a  Shaftoe ! 

At  the  "Paid  of  the  Eedswire"—  a  hostile  meeting  between  the 
English  and  Scotch  wardens,  in  1575, — one  of  the  war-cries  of  the 
former  was,  "  A  Schaftan  and  a  Fenwick."  The  Scots  had  the  honour 
of  the  day. 

"  Young  Henry  Schaftan,  he  is  hurt, 
A  souldier  shot  him  with  a  bow." 

Stanley      ....   Stanley  !  Stanley ! 
This  slogan  was  raised  at  the  battle  of  Flodden  Field  by  the  fol- 
lowers of  the  stout  Stanley  (Sir  Edward  Stanley),  and  when  Lord  Surrey 
was  sorely  pressed  by  the  Scots,  this  gallant  warrior  came  forward. 

"  Now  trebly  thundering  swelled  the  gale, 
And — Stanley !  was  the  cry." — Marmion. 


AND  WAE-CRIES.  399 

"  And  Stanley  stout  they  all  did  cry ; 
Out  went  anon  the  grey-gouse  wing, 
And  amongst  the  Scots  did  fluttering  fly. 
And  though  the  Scots  at  Stanley's  name 
Were  'stonished  sore,  yet  stout  they  stood." 

Ballad  of  the  Battle  of  Flodden  Field. 

In  this  battle  the  Scots  did  not  yield  until  their  monarch  lay  dead 
with  eight  to  ten  thousand  men  on  the  field : 

"  Flodden's  fatal  field, 
When  shiver'd  was  fair  Scotland's  spear, 
And  broken  was  her  shield  !" — Scott  . 

Talbot       ....  A  Talbot!    a  Talbot! 

"  His  soldiers  spying  his  undaunted  spirit, 
•  A  Talbot,  a  Talbot !'  cried  out  amain, 
And  rush'd  into  the  bowels  of  the  battle." 

King  Henry  VI.,  1st  Part. 

Thirlwall.      .      .      .   A  Thirl  wall !  a  Thirlwall !  a  ThirlwaU ! 
Tynedale  ....   A  Tindall !  a  Tindall ! 

.   Tynedall  to  it ! 


» 


"  The  raise  the  slogan  with  ane  shout — 
'  Fy,  Tindaill  to  it,  Jedburgh's  here  !' 
I  trow  he  was  not  half  sae  stout, 

But  anis  his  stomach  was  asteir, 
Wi'  gun  and  genzie,  bow  and  speir, 
Men  might  see  mony  a  cracked  crown." 

Raid  of  the  Rcdsicire. 

Warwick  ....   A  Warwick !    a  Warwick ! 


France  and  other  Countries  of  Europe. 
Ailly  (Picardy)       .   The  same. 

"  Ailly,  Mailly,  Crequy, 
Tel  nom,  telles  armes,  tel  cry." 

These  three  families  have  "  armes  parlantes,"  and  their  war-cry  was 
their  own  names. 

Alleman    ....   Eobur. 

„  ....   Place,  place  a  madame. 

Motto,  Gave  la  queue  des  Allemands.     During  the  thirteenth  and 
fourteenth  centuries,  the  mountainous  region  between  the  Isere  and 


400  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

the  Drac  was  the  domain  of  an  immense  number  of  lords,  who  all 
bore  the  name  of  AUeman.  Never  was  there  so  large  a  family,  and 
all  grouped  round  their  chiefs  with  the  most  jealous  care.  They 
maintained  a  perfect  equality,  intermarried,  judged  their  own  quarrels, 
and,  on  every  occasion,  assisted  each  other.  Ill  betide  the  imprudent 
neighbour  who  offended  the  humblest  of  the  Allemans.  On  the 
complaint  of  the  injured  party,  a  family  council  assembled,  war  was 
voted  by  acclamation,  and  the  warrior  bands  marched  forth  to  punish 
the  aggressor.  From  the  ardour  with  which  this  family  avenged  the 
slightest  offence,  arose  the  proverb,  "  Faire  une  querelle  d'Alleman ;" 
i.e.,  founded  upon  nothing,  which  was  said  in  Dauphine  to  those  who 
engaged  in  a  difficult  enterprise,  warning  them  to  beware  of  the 
consequences. 


Amboise    . 

.   Amboise. 

Amerval    . 

.   Boulogne 

Anglure     . 

.   Saladin. 

a 

.   Damas. 

Antoing    . 

.      .   Bury. 

Arces  . 

.   Arces. 

Motto,  Le  hois  (or  Le  tronc)  est  vert  et  les  feuilles  sont  arces 
(burned) ;  meaning,  there  was  still  strength  and  vigour  in  their  house, 
though  the  name  implied  a  thing  consumed.  Antoine  d' Arces,  styled 
Le  Chevalier  Blanc,  was  one  of  the  most  celebrated  knights-errant  of 
his  time.  James  IV.  of  Scotland  was  much  attached  to  him,  and 
made  him  sleep  in  his  room.  He  was  assassinated  through  envy,  in 
the  reign  of  James  V. 
Asnois. 

"  Le  sire  d'  Asnois 
Est  la  fleur  du  Nivernois." 

Aspremont      .      .      .   Aspremont. 

Aubergeon. 
Motto,  Maille  a  maille  se  fait  Vavhergeon — that  is,  as  the  mailed 
hauberk  is  composed  of  small  rings  joined  together,  and  the  making 
of  it  is  the  work  of  time  and  patience,  so  this  proverb  implies  that 
patience  and  perseverance  accomplish  every  thing. 

Auxerre  (town)      .      .   Notre  Dame  d'Auxerre. 
Aymeris    ....    Ligne. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


401 


Bacqueheni 
Bailloncourt 
Barbanson 
Baryille     . 
Baudet 
Baudoul     . 
Baufremetz 
Bauffremont 


Neufville. 

Landas. 

Barbanson. 

Dieu  a  nous. 

Cambraisis. 

Jauce. 

Wavrin. 

Bauffremont. 


Motto,  Dieu  ayde  au  premier  Ghrestien. 
Epithet,  "  Les  bons  barons." 

"  Riche  de  Chalon,  noble  de  Vienne, 
Fier  de  Neufchatel,  preux  de  Vergy  ; 
Et  la  maison  de  Beaufremont 
D'oil  sont  sortis  les  bons  barons." 

Bar Au  feu !  Au  feu  ! 

Bazoches   ....  Chatillon. 

Beaumanoir     .      .      .  Bois  ton  sang,  Beaumanoir. 

Beaumont        .      .      .  Beaumont !   Beaumont ! 

Beaujeu.     Motto,  A  tout  venant  beaujeu. 

Beauveau  ....  Beauveau. 

Beauvoir    ....  Wallincourt. 

Bellecombe      .      .      .  Bellecombe. 

Belleforiere     .      .      .  Bernemicourt. 

Beranger  ....  Gare  la  queue  des  Berangers. 

There  is  a  common  saying  in  Dauphine  : 

"  Ai-ces,  Varces,  Granges,  et  Comraiers, 
Tel  les  regarde  qui  ne  les  ose  toucher, 
Mais  guare  la  queue  des  Allemans  and  des  Berengers." 

The  Beranger  used  to  cry  the  names  of  the  principal  estates  belonging 
to  each  branch  of  the  familv. 


Berghes  (Saint  Win- 

noc) 
Berlaimont 
Berniere    . 
Bertrincourt    . 
Bethune  Sully 
Beverne     . 
Binch  . 


Berghes,  a  Madame  de  Chasteaubrun. 

Berlaimont. 

Ah!  Fuge! 

Boulogne. 

Bethune. 

Beverne. 

Binch. 

2  D 


402 


HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


Blacas  (Provence) 

.   Yaillance  de  Blacas. 

Blamont    . 

.   Blamont. 

Blanquemaille 

.   Tournay. 

Blecourt    . 

.   Cambraisis. 

Blondel 

.   Gonnelieu. 

Boiseon 

.   Talbia. 

Boubers,  (Abbeville) 

.   Abbeville. 

Bouille  de  Chabriol 

.   Le  Charriol. 

"  Riche  Bouille 

Noble  7 

V&ssj." 

Bournonville   . 

.   Bournonville. 

Bousies 

.   Bousies  au  bon  Chevalier. 

„            ... 

.   Les  Corbeaux. 

Boussois    . 

.   Boussois. 

Bouton  de  Chamilly 

.   Ailleors  iamais. 

Braine 

.  Gaure. 

Bressieu    . 

.   Bressieu. 

Briancon  (Lords   of 

Yarces) . 

.   Varces. 

Buigny  de  Brail! y 

.    Va  ferme  a  l'assault. 

Buigny  a  la  prise. 
Groeninge  vel,  Groening  velt. 


Borliot  (Flanders) 
Brehan. 

"  Foi  de  Brehan 

Mieux  vaut  qu' argent." 

Bury Bury. 

Buves Buves  tost  assis. 

Campeau   ....  Escaillon  denaing. 

Cantaing   ....  Cambresis. 

Cardevac  d'Avrincourt  A  jamais  Cardevac. 

.  Au  ciel  Beaumont. 


Carondelet 

Carpentier  de  Crecy 

Castillon    . 

Caumont  la  Force 

Cauny 

Cavecb 

Cayeux 


Mieux  mourir  que  ternir. 

A  moi,  Chauldey. 

Carpentier. 

Diex  el  volt. 

Ferme  Caumont. 

Croisilles. 

Graincourt. 

La  folie. 


AND  WAR-CRIES 


403 


Chalons.     Epithet,  "  Eiche  de  CMlon." 
Chapel  de  la  Pacherie .   Murat. 
Charny      ....   Charny  !  Charny! 
Chastelet   ....   Priny  !  Priny  ! 
Chateaubriant .      .      .    Chateaubriant. 

Motto,  Mon  sang  teint  les  bannieres  de  France. 


Chateauneuf-Kandon 
Chateauvillain 
Chatte  or  Chaste 
Chastillon  . 
Chauvigny 
Chartres    . 
Chef  du  Bois  . 
Clermont  . 
Coetmen    . 
Commiers  . 
Cordes-Watripont 
Coucy  . 


Chateauneuf ! 

Chateauvillain  a  l'arbre  d'or. 

Chatte. 

Chastillon. 

Chevaliers  pleuvent,  Jerusalem ! 

Chartres,  Passavant. 

Penhoiiet. 

Clermont. 

Hary  avant. 

Commiers. 

Cul  a  Cul. 

Notre  Dame  au  Seigneur  de  Coucy. 

Coucy  a  la  merveille. 

Place  a  la  banniere. 


Motto,         "  Je  ne  suis  roi,  ne  due, 
Prince  ne  comte  aussi ; 
Je  suis  le  sire  de  Coucy  " — 

taken,  it  is  said,  by  Enguerraud  III.,  Sire  de  Coucy,  when  the 
great  vassals,  having  entered  into  a  league  against  the  throne,  during 
the  minority  of  Louis  IX.,  offered  the  crown  to  De  Coucy,  who 
refused  it.  The  eventful  history  of  his  nephew  Eaoul  and  the  Dame 
de  Fay  el  is  well  known. 

Coyeghem.      .      .      .   Courtrai. 

Cramailles.      .      .      .  Au  guet. 

Crequy       ....   Nul  ne  s'y  frotte.     See  Ailly. 
„ A  Crequy,  Crequy  le  grand  Baron. 


"  Crequi  haut  baron, 
Cre'qui  haut  renom." 

Jean  de  Crequy  (-(-  1473).  One  of  the  most  skilful  of  the  generals 
of  Charles  the  Bold,  and  one  of  the  first  twenty-four  Knights  of  the 
Golden  Fleece.     See  Devices,  Crequy. 

2  d  2 


404 


HISTOKIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


Crombrugghe  . 

Crupilly     . 

Culleant  (Sire  de) 

Damas 

Dauchy 

De  l'lsle  (Barons) 


.   Gand !  Gand. 

.   Sorel. 

.   An  peigne  d'or ; 

.  Damas. 

.   Montigny  Saint  Christophe. 

.   Frayes  Phalempin ; 

because  they  were  descended  from  trie  ancient  Lords  and  Barons  of 
Phalempin,  in  Flanders. 

.  He  Dieu,  aidez-moy. 

.  Chievre. 

.  Wallincourt. 

.  Dorbais. 


De  la  Palu 

Desclabes  . 

Desmaisieres 

Dorbais 


Du  Ble  (Burgundy).     Motto,  En  tout  temps  du  Ble. 
DuPuy     .      .      . 

Duguesclin. 
Durfort  de  Duras  . 
Dolhaim  . 
Eechaute  . 
Escauffours 
Espiard. 


Montbrun. 

Notre  Dame  Duguesclin. 

Duras. 

Boulogne. 

Grimberghes. 

Mancicourt. 


"  Qui  a  affaire  aux  Espiard 
II  s'en  repand,  tost  ou  tard." 

Dijon  Proverb, 

Estrepy     ....   Estrepy. 

Eternac     ....   Main  droite. 

Fages Intacta.  v        y/  ., 

-rFaudray  (Seigneurs  de).     Motto,  J' ay  ~J?alu  'Faux,  et  Faudray  ; 
meaning  that  they  possessed  the  houses  of  Falu,  Taux,  and -Faudray. 


Failly  . 

Feillens 

Fiennes 

Flocquette 

Flotte  . 

Fressies 

Gallean 

Gamaches 

Gaucourt 

Genlis 


Eenty. 

Valeur. 

Artois  le  noble. 

Griboval. 

Flotte. 

Escaillon  Denaing. 

Semper  magis. 

Gamaches. 

Gaucourt. 

Au  guet !  au  guet ! 


AND  WAE-CEIES. 


405 


Gavre  (Counts)     . 

Gillon 

Glarges     .... 

Gleon 

Goderie     .... 

Godin 

Gillon  von  Bassegbem . 
Gillon  de  Goemaringhe 
Gognies  .... 
Gouchy  .... 
Goujon. 

"  Jamais  Goujon,  fitt  ou  poisson  ou  homrue,  ne  valut  rien.' 

Goyon  de  Matignon    .   Liesse  a  Matignon. 
Graincourt       .      .      .   St.  Hubert. 
Grandson.     Motto,  A  petite  cloche  grand  son. 
Graville  (Sires  de). 


Gavres  au  chappelet. 

Descordes. 

Montigny  au  belier. 

Au  Seigneur  de  Gleon. 

Graincourt  Saint-Haubert. 

Hordaing  le  Senechal. 

Cordes  !  Cordes ! 

Cordes!  Cordes! 

Boussoy. 

Place  a  la  banniere. 


Grolee 


;  Syre  en  Graville  premier, 
Que  roi  en  France." 

.   Grolee. 


Motto,  Je  suis  Grolee. 

Guiffrey     ....   Boutieres. 
Guillaurnanches  de 
Boscase 


Guise  . 
Guis  telle    . 
Grebert 
Hamel,  du . 
Hameyde  . 
Hamaricourt 
Harves 
Haspres     . 
Haucliin    . 
Haucourt  . 
Haussy 
Hautefort  . 


Guillaunianches. 

Place  a  la  banniere. 

Guistelle. 

Haucourt. 

Escaillon  Denaing. 

Hameyde. 

Hamaricourt. 

Bury. 

Wallaincourt. 

Montigny,  Saint  Christophe. 

Wallaincourt. 

Haussy. 

Altus  et  fortis. 

Enghein. 


Hautecq    . 
Hazebrook  (Seigneurs 

de) Help,  God,  Hazebrook 


406 


HISTOKIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 


Hemskirke      .      .      .   Hemskirke. 
Hemricourt,  de  Grime .   Hernricourt. 


Hertaing   . 

Honnecourt 

Hostung    . 

Jars     . 

Joinville    . 

Juigne 

Kerancourt 

Kerautret  . 

La  Baurne  Montrevel . 


Dubois  de  Hove. 

Oisy. 

Hostung. 

Kocbecbouart. 

Joinville. 

Battons  et  abattons. 

Defends  toi. 

Martbeze. 

La  Baurne. 


La  Baurne  (Conrtes  de 

Suze)     ....   Suze. 
Lacbatre    ....   A  l'attrait  des  bons  Chevaliers. 
La  Croix  Cbevrieres   .   Guerre  !  Guerre ! 
Ladouve    ....   Saint  Aubert. 
Labaye.      Motto,  Bonne  est  la  haye  autour  du  bled. 


Lalaing      . 

Lannoy      . 

La  Moussaye  . 

La  Palu     . 

La  Poipe   . 

La  Poix  de  Fremin- 
ville       . 

Laplancbe. 

La  Kocbe-Fontenilles  . 

Latour  (Cornte  de  Bou- 
logne)   . 

Latour   d'Auvergne     . 

La  Tremouille 

Lauwereyns     . 

Le  Carlier  de  Herly    . 

Le  cbat  de  Kersaint. 


Croisilles. 

Lannoy. 

Honneur  a  Moussaye. 

Eb  !  Dieu,  aydez-moy  ! 

La  Poipe. 

En  avant. 

Fiennes. 

G-uyenne !  Guyenne  ! 

Latour  Bertrand. 

Latour. 

La  Tremouille ! 

Diepenbede !  Diepenbede ! 

Buenne  vendegies. 


Motto,  Mauvais  chat,  mauvais  rat. 

Leclerc      ....   Bernemicourt. 
Ledoynee  .      .      .      .   Descordes. 


Lefevre-Graintheville 
Lenoncourt 


A  l'eclat  des  roses. 
Lenoncourt. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 

Liancourt  . 

.   Liancourt. 

Lievin-Famay . 

.   Saint  Aubert. 

Limoges  (Count  de)    .   Saint  Lienard. 

Lignieres  . 

.   Lignieres. 

Longueval-Bucquoy    .   Dragon. 

Lono;ueville     . 

.   Hainaut. 

Lonsart 

.   Cambraisis. 

Loz 

.  Loz. 

Loras  .... 

Mailly       .      .      . 

.   Mailly!  Mailly! 

Malaincourt    . 

.    Wallaincourt. 

Malar  mey 

.   Sans  peur. 

Malestroit . 

.   Malestroit. 

Mancicourt 

.   Crevecceur. 

Mantainard 

.   Plutot  mourir. 

Marchin  de  Clermont 

des  Danes   . 

.   Marchin. 

Mathan 

.   Mathan. 

Maubec 

.   Maubec. 

Maugiron  . 

.   Maugiron. 

Mauny 

.   Haynault  l'ancien ! 

Mello  .... 

Mello. 

Melun.      .      .      . 

Motto,  Tout  ou  rien  contenie  Melun. 

Merle,  de  la  Gorge 

.   Or,  sus,  fiert ! 

Merlo  .... 

.   Merlo. 

Moeurs 

.   Mceurs  au  comte  ! 

Molac  .... 

Montafilan 

.  Hary  avant ! 

Montagu    . 

.   Montagu. 

Montchenu 

.   Montchenu. 

Motto,  La  droit 

e  voie. 

Montcornet 

.   Montcornet. 

407 


408  HISTORIC  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Monteynard     .      .      .   Monteynard. 
Montezon  .      .      .      .  A  la  recousse  Montezon. 
Montfort  (Simon  de)  .   Toulouse !    Toulouse ! 

„  n  •  Montjoie! 

Montgardin     .      .      .   Montgardin. 

Montmorency  .      .      .   Dieu  ayde  au  premier  baron  Chre'tien. 
Montigny  .     -.      .      .   Montigny. 

Monts Fortis  ut  mons. 

Moreton  de  Chabrillan  Moreton !    Moreton  ! 
Morhier     ....   Morhier  de  l'extrait  des  preux. 

Morges Morges. 

Morlaix  (town).     Motto,  S'ih  te  morde,  mors-les. 
Mouy         ....   Sechelles. 

n Saucourt. 

Mortagne         .      .      .   Tournay. 
Neufchastel  (Lords  of)    Espinart  a  l'Escosse. 

Epithet,  "  Fier  de  Neufchatel." 

Neve Worde  !    Worde  ! 

Noyers       ....  Noyers. 
Nivelles     ....   Tournay. 
Nemours  (Due  de)  of  the  House  of  Savoy. 

Motto,  Suivant  savoye. 

Offeremont       .      .      .   Clermont. 
O'Rourke   de    Gousen 

(Lord     of    Gousen, 

Flanders)     .      .      .   Victorious. 
Onorati      ....   Libertas. 
Orville       ....   Hesdaing,  Wallaincourt ! 
Oudart     .  .  .   Estree. 

Pantin       ....   Pantin,  hardi,  en  avant ! 
Pautres. 

"  Pautres,  Chambes  et  Tisons, 

Sont  d'Angoulesme  les  anciennes  maisons." 

Penhoet     ....   Penhoet. 

"  Antiquite  de  Penhoet,  Vaillancc  de  Chastel. 
Richesse  de  Kerman,  Clievalerie  de  Kergoutnadoc." 

Pequeny    ....   Boulogne. 


AND  WAK-CRIES.  40'J 

Plessis-Grenedan  .      .  Plessis-Mavron. 

Pontallier  ....  Pontallier. 

Pot A  la  belle. 

Poissieux  (Head  of  the)  Capdorat. 

Seigneurs  du  Passage,  of  whom  (temp.  Charles  VII )  was  Imbert  de 
Poissieux,  surnamed  Capdorat,  on  account  of  his  fair  hair. 

Preaux       ....   Cesar-Auguste. 
Prye,  or  Prie  .      .      .   Chants  d'oiseaux ; 

parcequ'ils  avoient  charge"  1'ennemi  dans  une  embuscade  oii  chantoient 
des  oiseaux. — Menesteier. 

Pusignan  ....   Prosperity. 
Puy,  Du. 

" N'est  noble  qua  demy, 
Qui  n'est  de  la  race  Du  Puy  " 

Quiqueran  de  Beaujeu  Flandres. 

Quirit Va  ferme  a  l'assaut,  Quirit,  a  la  prise  ! 

Banibaulds  de  Samiane.     Epithet,  "  Sagesse  des." 

Eabiers      ....  Victoria. 

.  Eais  Eamequeu. 

.  Eassenghien. 

.  Aux  chatelains. 

.  Eeiffenberg !    Eeiffenberg  ! 

.  Eenty.     See  Eubempre. 

.  Eethel. 

.  A  moi,  Eibaumont ! 

.  A  toute  heure  Eieux. 


Eais  Eamequeu 
Eassenghien     . 
Eecourt  du  Sart 
Eeiffenberg 
Eenty  . 

Eethel.      .      . 
Eibaumont 
Eieux   . 


"  A  tout  heui'te  be'lier,  a  tout  heurte  Itieux 
Tout  on." 

Ei voire       ....   Eomanieu. 
Eobien       ....   Eocq-Bihan. 

Eodes Eodes. 

Eogemont        ...   A  moi. 
Eohan Plaisance. 

blotto,     Rot  ne  p uis 

Prince  ne  daiyne 
Rohan  jesuis. 

Eosieres     ....   Grande  joie. 


410  HISTOEIO  DEVICES,  BADGES, 

Kubempre'       .      .      .   Kubempre. 

"  Rubempre,  Rainbures,  et  Renty, 
Belles  armes,  et  piteux  cry." 

Menestrieu. 

Sabran.     Motto,  Simplesse  de  Sabran. 

Salvaing    ....   A  Salvaing,  le  plus  Gorgias. 

Motto,  Que  ne  ferois  je pour  die? 


Sancerre  . 
Sassenage  . 
Saucourt  . 
Saveuse 


Passavant,  Notre  Dame  Sancerre. 

Sassenage. 

Saucourt. 

Saveuse. 

Selles. 

Motto,  In  virtute  et  Jwnore  Senesce. 


Selles  .... 
Senecey  (Burgundy) 

Seve Justice. 

Selly Selly. 

Sillery  de  Genlis  .      .  Au  guet !  au  guet ! 

Soyecourt  ....  Soyecourt. 
Saint  Malo.     Motto,  Saint  Malo  au  riclie  Due 

Saint-Martin  d'Aglie  .  In  arniis  jura 


Sainte-Maure  . 
Saint-Severe    . 
St.  Paul  (Count  de) 
Tancques  . 
Terney. 


Sainte-Maure. 

Brosse. 

Lezignem. 

Tancques !  Tancques ! 


'  Temy,  Viry,  Compey, 
Son  le  raeillou  rnaison  du  Genevey. 
Saleuove  e  Men  ton 
Ne  le  craignon  pas  d'un  bouton." 


Tonduti     . 
Terrail  (Bayard) 
Theys 
Tholon 
Tour  Du 
Tournon 
Toustain 
Toutenoutre 
Trie  et  Piqueny 


Ptallions  nous. 
Terrail  (Bayard). 
Theys. 
Sainte  Jalle. 
La  Pucelle. 
Au  plus  druz.1 
Toustain. 
Tout  en  outre. 
Boulongne. 


Au  plus  e'pais  ct  au  plus  gros  de  la  melee. 


AND  WAR-CRIES. 


411 


Urre    . 

.   Urre. 

Valery 

.   Valery. 

Varagne    . 

.   Deo  juvante 

Varax  . 

.   Varax. 

Yassy  . 

.   Chastillon. 

Epithet,  "  Noble  Vassy." 

Vaudenay  .  Au  Brut !  au  Brut ! 

Vaudray.     See  Faudray. 
Vendome,  Count    .      .   Chartres. 
Veranneman    .      .      .   Veranneman. 
Verger  de  la  Boche- 

jaquelin       .      .      .   Vendee  !  Bordeaux !  Vendee  ! 
Vergy        ....   Vergy  a  Nostre-Dame ! 

Epithet,  "  Preux  de  Vergy."     Motto,  Sans  varier,  "  Always  firm 
in  their  fidelity  to  their  sovereign." 

Vienne       ....   Saint  George  au  puissant  Due. 

Epithet,  "  Noble  de  Vienne."  Motto,  Tot  ou  tard  vienne ;  or,  A  Men 
vienne  tout. 

Vervin       ....  Boussy  a  la  merveille. 

Ville Estrepy. 

Villeneuve       ...  A  tout ! 
Vilain. 

Epithet,  "  Vilain  sans  reproche." 


Villenoir    . 
Villers       .      . 
Virieu 

Wallincourt     . 
Waroquier 
Waudripont     . 
Wavrin  d'Helissard 


5> 


J) 


Wignacourt 


A  la  belle. 

Villers. 

Virieu. 

Wallincourt  a  court  ouverte.1 

Hersin.2 

Cul  a  cul,  Waudripon. 

Wavrin !  Wavrin ! 

Moins  que  le  pas. 

Quieret. 


1  Pareeque   e'etaient  de  riches    seig-       roquier;"  this  proverb  means,  I  will  give 
neurs  qui  tenaient  table  ouverte,  you  a  box  on  the  ear,  the  arms  of  Yaro- 

2  "  Je  te  donneray  les  armoiries  de  Va-      quier  being  a  mailed  baud. — Menestrier. 


412 


HISTOEIC  DEVICES,  BADGES,  AND  WAK-CKIES. 


M.  le  Eoux  de  Lincy  (Proverbes  Frangais)  gives  the  following 
list  of  the  sobriquets  of  the  principal  families  in  Dauphine,  Provence, 
and  Vaud. 


Parante  d'Alleinan. 
Prouesse  de  Terrail. 
Charite'  d  Arces. 
Sagesse  de  GuifFrey. 
Loyaute'  de  Salveing. 


DAUPHINE. 


AmiticS  de  Beaumont. 
Bonte'  de  Granges. 
Force  de  Commiers. 
Mine  de  Theys. 
Visage  d'Ai'villars. 


PROVENCE. 


Hospitalite  et  bonte  d'Agoult. 
Libe'ralite  de  Ville-Neufve. 
Dissolution  de  Castellane. 
Sagesse  de  Rambauds  de  Simiaue. 
Fallace  et  malice  des  Ban-as. 
Simplesse  de  Sabran. 
Fidelite'  de  Boliers. 
Constance  de  Vintimille. 
Temerite  et  fierte  de  Glandevez. 
Prudence  de  Pontevez. 
Inconstauce  de  Baux. 
Envieux  de  Candole. 
Communiou  de  Forcalquier. 
Ricbe  d"Aperioculos. 


Desloyaute  de  Beaufort. 
Gravite"  d'Arcussia. 
Sotti3e  de  Grasse. 
Vaillance  de  Blaccas. 
Opinion  de  Sado. 
Prud'homie  de  Cabassole. 
Bonte'  de  Castillon. 
Subtilite'  de  Ge'rente. 
Inge'niosite'  d'Auraison. 
Finesse  des  Grimauds. 
Grandeur  des  Porcellets. 
Vanite'  des  Bonifaces. 
Vivacite'  d'esprit  des  Fourbins. 
Legerete  de  Loubieves. 


VAUD. 


Grandeur  d'Alinges  Coudree. 
Antiquite  de  Blonay. 
Noblesse  d'Estavaye. 
Franchise  de  Vilarzel. 
Hautesse  du  coeur  de  Gingins. 
Pareute  de  Joffray. 
Pie't6  de  Cbandieu. 
Bonte  de  Pesmes. 
Eichesses  de  Mestral-ArmTens. 
Hospitalite'  de  dAulbonne. 
Prudence  de  Tavel. 
Sagesse  de  Signeux. 
Ge'nerosite  de  Praroman. 
Opiuiatrete  de  Dortan. 


Auntie  de  Gumoens. 
Accortise  de  Martine. 
Politique  de  Ceriat. 
Ingenuite  de  Sacconay. 
Cbicane  de  du  Gard. 
Naivete  de  Mestral-Payerne. 
Gravite  de  Maillardoz. 
Simplicite'  de  Boverea. 
Gaillardise  de  Lavigny. 
Mesnage  des  Loys. 
Vivacite  d'esprit  de  Ennezel. 
Vanite'  de  Senarclens. 
Indifference  des  sperlins. 


INDEX. 


Device 
Aaron's  rod 
Adamant  rock 

See  Diamond. 
Alerions      .      .      .      . 
„        on  an  arrow  . 
Almonds     . 
Altar  and  sacrifice 

See  Balance.    Palm- 
Altar  and  star  . 
Amaranth  .      .      .      . 

Anchor  and  dolphin    . 


Motto 
Insperata  floruit 
Naturae  non  artibus  opus 


Page 

217  Pope  Pius  II. 

202  Emp.  Ferdinand  II. 


Anchors,  two 


>> 

» 


.,    and  sun  . 
„    and  pole- 
star.     . 


Anemone 

>> 

Anvil 


5? 


and  hammer. 
See  Diamond. 
Apple-tree  on  a  thorn 


Dereditne  viam  casusve  deusve 
En  croissans  nous  amandons    . 

OTPANO0EN       

tree. 

Nostra  latens 222 

Non  moritura 139 


196  Montmorency  family 

135  Godfrey  of  Boulogne 

82  Comminges  family 

7  Ardenti  Academy 


Pope  Marcellus  II. 
Giulia  Gonzaga 


Festinalente g?  (Emperor  Adolphus  of 

\     Nassau 

„         „  257  Aldus  Manutius 

„         „  71  Admiral  Chabot 

256  Seleucus 

„     Emperor  Titus 

Emperor  Vespasian 

Cosmo  de'  Medici. 

Isabella  da  Correggio 

William  of  Orange 

Richard  I. 


Duabus 181 

His  suffulta 82 

Je  maintiendrey 209 

Cristo  duce 358 


JBuena  guia 244(Hemy  of  Transta" 

j  °  \    mare 


dura 23l(P1^libe^t^Fair> 

\     Count  of  Savoy 


Bella  ma  poco 

Brevis  est  usus 

Gloria  vento  discutitur                    .  „ 

Perflant  omnia  venti  „ 

Durabo" 84 

Faites  moy  raison 201 


In  quascunque  formas 


Per  vincula  crescit 


Innocent  Cybo 
Charles  of  Durazzo 
10  Infocati  Academy 

236  Queen  Mary  Stunrt 


414 


INDEX. 


Device  Motto  Page 

Apricot  tree      ...   A  l'Abri-cotier 73  Jacques  Coictiers 

Argus  and  caduceus    ,  Eloquiuni  tot  himiua  clausit   .      .   236  Queen  Mary  Stuart 
Arm  with    mace    and  jutnim  lubet S7  Emperor  Eodolpli  I. 


olive  branch  . 
Arm  with  spear 

sword 


Armed  hand  issuing 
from  a  cloud 


.   Tolle  moras 88  Emperor  Albert  II. 

JArma  tenenti  omnia  dat,  qiii  justa)9oo (Charles  Emmanuel 

•  \    negat /     '  I     Duke  of  Savoy 

0     ..  ,.  ,  001  (Emmanuel  Philibert, 

,   Spohatis  arma  supersunt   .      .      .  231  j     Dllke  of  Savoy 

)  .    ,  , no (Constable  Montmo- 

,}APlanos 198{    rency. 


Toutes  pour  une 25  Bene  of  Anjou 

Armed  hand  and  lance.  Hoc  opus  est 244  Peter  the  Cruel 

,,        „     with  l^^lp^c^j-urn  est  clarescere  utroque  .  34  Archduke  Albert 
and  olive  ....  J 


Armed    hand, 
and  book 

Armed 
shower 


sword,  jmc  regit)  me  tuetur 


hands,  two,  and  jFi  ^^  nescit         _ 

er  of  lances.      .  j      ° 

Arms,  stand  of .      .      .  Conduntur  non  retunduntur 


.     89  Frederic  the  Pacific. 

.     87  Emperor  Albert  I. 

0„9/Emmanuel  Philibert, 
•   A6l\    Duke  of  Savoy 

,,  „     .      .      .  Dabet  Deus  his  quoque  finem  .      .  237  Queen  Mary  Stuart 

Artillery  (caunon) 221  Luca  Pitti 

Arquebuse,  broken 

Arrow  in  target 

it  )> 

„     out  of  a  bow 

„  „      tomb 

Arrows,  bunch  of    . 

See  Alerious. 
Asbestos  shirt  . 


Vim  vi 68  Annibal  Caro 

Consequitur  quodcunque  petit      .  85  Diane  de  Poitiers 

BAAA' "OTTOS        100  Alessandro  Farnese 

„.    .,         ,  c-,  (Erik,  Duke  of  Bruns- 

Sic  ltur  ad  astra o4j     wjc.]j 

Sola  vivit  in  illo 85  Diane  de  Poitiers 

Flechas 244  Q.  Isabella  of  Castile 


Ashes  burning 
Atlas 


,     .  Semper  pervicax      ...   .      .      .      .78  Marc  Ant.  Colonna 

jArdorem  extincta  testantur  vivere'l  19ft|Queen   Catherine  de 

'     -\    flamma J       \    Medicis 

,      .  Maius  opus 42  Cardinal  Bentivoglio 

.      .   Sustinet  nee  fatiscit      .      .      .      .146  Brovedditore  Gritti 
,      .  Ut  quiescat  Atlas 251  Bhilip  II. 

Aurora  iM,  Pai,efervde  P  Alba  s'  ascondanj  1?  Duke  of  Alba 

\     las  estrelias J 

(V  assottigliar  la  piii  meglio  anchej  lg  Leghia  Academy 


Awl. 


Balance  (scales) 


and  sword  of 
Brennus . 


iEqua  durant  semper 
Omnibus  eadem 
Consistam  in  sequo 
Bedde  cuique  suum 

Quid  nisi  victis  dolor 


65  Louis  of  Tarento 
„   B.  L.  Carafa 

)!  )J  >1 

142  Leonora  Gonzaga 
222  Bope  Eugenius  IV. 

237  Queen  Mary  Stuart 


t  i     a        (Qui  iudicatis  terram,  diligite  jus-\99f-/Frederick  the  Wise, 

from  clouds    -  (^  tit^ani  .      .      .      .      .    °      /    .)225|     Count  Balatine 


„       on  altar    . 
„    (steelyards) 
See  Justice. 


Je  maintiendrey  piete'  et  justice   .   211  William  of  Orange 
Hoc  fac  et  vives 65  Tommaso  Carafa 


INDEX. 


415 


Device 


Ball 


Balloting  balls 
„        urn   . 

Balsam-tree 
Barbican 
Barrel  in  flames 
Basilisk 


Motto  Page 

Concussus  surgo 71  Admiral  Chabot 

Percussus  elevor „    Carlo  Orsini 

Conscientibris  votis 89  Emperor  Bodolph  II. 

iEquabit  nigras  Candida  sola  dies  229  Jac.  Sanazzaro 

Ut  nihil  desit 81  Giovanna  Colonna 

Nul  ne  s'y  frote 60  Apt.  de  Bourgogne 

Von  guetten  in  besser  ....  84  Francesco  Cybo 

Im  authorea 254  Simon  de  Tl  ion 

Tu  nomine  tantum 17  Duke  of  Alba 


.  Aut  perit,  aut  perimit  . 

.   Necat  sine  vulnere  .... 

.   S'  jo  miro,  jo  moro 

.  Dominus  mibi  adjutor  . 

Bear Oursine  le  temps  vendra     . 

(Spero   avanzar  con  la  vigilia 
\     sonno 


254 


Baton  in  saltier 


.  251  Philip  II. 

.     43  Jean,  Due  de  Berry 

>  14  Sonnachiosi  Academy 

42  Order  of  the  Bear 

„     Berne  and  Appenzell 

and  hour-glass    .   Tempus  et  hora 212  Orsini  fam.,  ancient 

attacking  a  hive    Aciern  accuunt  aculei  .      ...     13  Offuscati  Academy 

chained.eagle.and)  010  n        .   .  r     ., 

column      .'      .) 212  Ciesanm  family 

column  [Patriae  saluti 74  Colonna  and  Orsini 

licking  its  young  Natura  potentior  ars     ....  255  Titian 
smoke  issuing 
from  nostrils 


JHor 


rent  commota  moveri 


212  Orsini  fam.,  ancient 


„     sucking  its  paws 
„     constellation  of 
Little     .      .      . 

»  )>  )»         • 

Bears,  two,  in  rain . 

Bees 


hive  of     . 
sucking  a  flower 
with  a  stone  . 


Ipse  alimenta  sibi 213  Flavio  Orsini 

Sicut  in  cselis 214  Lselio  Orsini 

Sine  occasu  felix 213  Felice  Orsini 

Sereuabit      .......  224  Bishop  of  Vico 

40  Barberini  family 

Exercet  sub  sole  laborem  „    Cardinal  Barberini 

Ha3c  virgo  regnum  mucrone  tuetur  153  Joan  of  Arc 

Miel 
iy 
,0- (Ferdinand,  Grand 

\     Duke  of  Tuscany 
113  Louis  XII. 
21  Ad.  d'Amboise 
28  Ariosto 
,04 ("Ferdinand,  Grand 

\     Duke  of  Tuscany 
156  Antonio  de  Leyva 
40  Pope  Urban  VIII. 
14 


( Je  suis  petite,  mais  mes  piqures  sontl  ,  ^ JMouche  a 
"\     profondes J      \     Academy 


Maj  estate  tantum     . 

Non  utitur  aculeo  rex   . 
Plus  mellis  quam  fellis 
Pro  bono  malum 

Pro  rege  exacuunt  . 

Sic  vos  non  vobis    . 
Sponte  fa  vos,  segre  spicula 
Labor  omnibus  idem     . 
Mens  omnibus  una 
Omnibus  una  quies 
Omnibus  idem  ardor 
Ut  prosim 


nON  HONON 


„    Unanimi  Academy 
48  Giov.  Bat.  Bottigella 
68  Annibal  Caro 


416 


INDEX. 


Device  Motto 

Beggar's  wallet      .      .  Jusques  a  porter  la  besace 
Bellerophon  and  dragon  Hinc  vigilo   .... 
Bible Te  vindice  tuta  libertas 

Bird  in  cage     . 
„   and  hawk 
Bird  of  Paradise 


it 
>> 

» 

it 
» 

)! 
)• 
)) 


)) 
II 

II 

») 

7) 
)) 


Biscia    . 
Blank  paper 
„     tablet 

Boiling  pot 

Bombard     . 
Bomb  shell  . 

„    exploding  in 
Book  in  flames 


.   Mens  sequa  in  arduis     . 
J II  mal  me  preme  e  me  spaventa 


peggio       .     .      .      . 
Cselestes  ajmula  motus 


.   Negligit  ima 

.  Elevor  dnm  segregor     . 
.   Meos  ad  sidera  tollo 

.   Nil  mihi  terra 

.  Non  quae  super  terram  . 

.  Non  sum  terra  tuus 

.  Nostro  conversatio  in  cselis  est 

.   Sdegna  la  terra        .... 

.   Semper  sublimis      .... 

.   Superata  tellus  sidera  donat    . 

.   Terram  indignata  fugit 

)>  »  ... 

.   Votis  subscribent  fata  secundis 
.   Melior  fortuna  notabit  . 

.  Zara  a  chi  tocca       .... 

.   Plus  est  en  vous      .... 

.  Loco  et  tempore       .... 

,     (Tout  plus  grand  est  son  froideur 
wa  ei  |  j,£  pjug  eg|.  agpre  gon  ar(jeiir   . 

.   Recedant  vetera      .... 


„     open 

Boulting-mill   ...  II  piii  bel  fior  ne  coglie 

Bow  with  broken  string  Arco  per  lentare,  piaga  non  sana 

See  Crossbow.    Arrow. 
Box  tree      ....   Nostra  vel  in  tumulo    . 

Branch  lopped  off  .      .   Hie  terminus  hau'et 
Branch  torn  from  tree, jj^       ayulgo  nQn  deficit  ^ 
and  another  snooting) 

57  77  7>  77  II 

See  Oak 

Bridle Sustine  et  abstine  .... 

Broncone.     See  Log. 

Broom  flower    . 


Exaltat  humiles 


Bucket.      See  Water- 
bucket. 

Buckles       .      .      .      . 

Bulbous  root    .    ■ . 
See  Tulip. 

Bull  of  Perillus      .      . 


I'age 

21 1  Gueux  (beggars) 
251  Philip  H. 
211  William  of  Orange 
.^fMarshal  Bassom- 
\    pierre 

[237  Queen  Mary  Stuart 

nog/Victor  Amadeus, 

L66\     Duke  of  Savoy 

62  Matteo  di  Capoa 

63 
62 


186  Visconti  family 
100  Cardinal  Farnese 
27  Cardinal  Aragon 

Kft/Charles,  Duke  of 
ou\     Bourbon 
54  Louis  de  Bruges 
92  Alfonso,  D.  of  Ferrara 

>154  Antoine  de  Lalaing 

20q [Frederic,  King  of 

\     Naples 
201  Alfonso,  K.  of  Naples 
8  Delia  Crusca  Acad. 
25  Rene  of  Anjou 

1 9  of  Queen    Louise    de 
1Z8\     Vaudemont 
144  Claude  de  Gouffier 

ISO  Cosmo  de'  Medici 

i  oi  f  Vulson  de  la  Colom- 
181\     biere 

27  Benedetto  Arbusani 

Order  of  the  Cosse  de 


107 


Genest 


Distantia  jungit 31  Robert  dAubiguy 

Mit  zeit 195  Sforza  family 

Ingenio  experior  funera  digna  mco     75  Prospero  Colonna 


INDEX. 


417 


Device                                                Motto  Page 

Bullock       ....  Pas  11  pas 25  Rene  of  Aujou 


217  Onufrio  Panvinio 


»        between  altar  U    ut         ue         tu8    .      .      . 
and  yoke     .)  i     -*■ 

Butterfly  and  crab      .  Festina  leute 32  Emperor  Augustus 

„  „  .  Mature „   Emperor  Vespasian 

„  „   Frellon 

.  Yo  voy  dietro  aquel  che  me  aide  .  155  Philip  de  Lannoy 


in  candle 


CahandsS    aDd    tW°   Weetconsilio 87  Emperor  Henry  VII. 

Calais,  talcing  of   .      .  Veni,  vidi,  vicit  Deus  ....     34  Archduke  Albert 

/-i  u                                   r\                  c  o^of Peter  III.,    Kino;   of 

Caltrops      ....   Quocunque  ferar 242  j     ^rason 

Camel II  me  plait  la  trouble    . 

.  Nemo  ad  impossibile  tenet  ur  . 
.  Non  labor  iste  gravat   . 

.  Non  suefro  mas  de  lo  que  puedo 


214  Virginio  Orsini 
158  Jean  de  Luxembourg 
47  Vitaliano  Borromeo 
Qd/Cardinal   Ippolito  d' 
y*\     Este 


Candle,  lighted 

Candle-stand    . 

Candlestick 
See  Butterfly. 

Capricorn    . 


Non  degener  addam 

Una  sufficit  in  tenebris 
Lux  publica  principis  ignes 

Fidem  fati,  virtute  sequemur 
Fukret  Csesaris  astrum 


ngo  fFranccsco  Maria, 
\    Duke  of  Urbiuo 
(Isaliella,  Marchese  di 
{     Mantua 

149  Cardinal  de  Lorraine 


95 


I  Cosmo     de'     Medici, 
Grand    Duke    of 
Tuscany 
,     89  Emperor  Rodolph  II. 
o j /Emperor  Augustus 
"  \     Cajsar 

Chain,  golden  .      .      .   AMA   OPErOMENOl     ....       7  Catenati  Academy 

Chameleon  and  dolphin  Mature 100  Pope  Paul  III. 

Chamomile  ....  Fructus  calcata  dat  amplos      .      .  237  Queen  Mary  Stuart 
See  Lizard. 

Chantepleure   . 

Chariot  in  the  air 

Chrysalis     . 

Club  and  ball  of 


Duchess  of 


Theseus.  . 
Club  of  Hercules. 
See  Cows. 

Cock  and  trumpet 
Colossus,  legs  of 


JRien  ne  m'est  plus,  plus  ne  m'esfl  ,gg| Valentine, 

"\    rien J       \     Orleans 

.  Victor  se  tollit  ad  auras      ...       9  Eterea  Academy 
.   Et  feci  et  fregi ^Giambattista    de   la 

iHis  artibus 102  Ottaviano  Farnese 


•  Cura  vigil. S'ft&f"8    °' 

.  Ad  hue  stat 87  Frederic  the  Fair 

Column  crowned 73  Colonna  Family 

"      and  lobe"1118  }Non  cedunt  ig'libus  ig"es    ...     43  Cardinal  Birague 

,,      burning     .     .  Lumen  rectis 121  Francis  II. 

„      and  sun     .     .  Tantum  volvitur  umbra      ...       8  Costanti  Academy 

"      ^centT   CieS"}Ne  totum  impleat  orbem     .      .      .     78  Marcautonio  Colonna 
„        broken  Frangor  non  flectar        .      .      .      .71  Gab.  Cesarini 

2    E 


418  INDEX. 

Device  Motto  Page 

Columns  of  Hercules    .  Plus  oultre  or  Plus  ultra    .      .      .  248  Emperor  Charles  V. 

„       and  Dutch  lion  Concussit  utramque      .      .      .      .  249{Fl^1g"^nI^em'y'  Pr" 

"       ncha?aedeagle}No11  "ltm  metas "     Siege  of  Melz 

„       of  Israelites    .  Este  duces 265  B.  Vitelleschi 

„       interlaced       .    Pietate  et  juslicia, 125  Charles  IX. 

See  Rock. 

Comet  crowned       .     .  Fato  prudentia  major   ....   12o/Q^^i^tlierine   de 

Compasses  ....  Lahore  et  constantia     ....  226  Plantin 

^circle'"  a [Dirigor  et  dirigo ,,    Antonio  Abondanti 

Coral A  corde  leuconde  chromate  erytkror  206  Cardinal  Nerli 

„         Conspecta  rubescunt     ....   207  Cardinal  Borghese 

Cordeliere   ....  J'ai  le  corps  delie' 114  Order  of  Cordeliere 

Corn,  ears  of     .      .      .  Quia  plena 257  Pietro  Tortoli 

„     ripe     ....  Plus  reddit,  plus  quan  acceperit    .     „ 

„     hand  scattering  .  La  mano  fa  l'opera 154  Ant.  de  Lalaing 

o-K,„f„f  (Finiimt    pariter    renovantque   la-)   c-  ,T         .    ,  ,  ,r 

„    sheaf  of  .      .     A     bores  I     7  Marquis  del  Vasto 

„        „  ...   Qui  non  laborat,  non  manducat    .     81  Pliilippe  de  Comines 

„     sheaves  of     .      .  Flavescent 102  Horace  Farnese 

Cornucopias  and  endu-)  ,„    , ,  .  , 

ceus    ...../ 18  Alciat0 

Coulter  of  plough   .      .   Longo  splendescit  in  usu  .      .      .     S5  LudovicoDomenichi 

?)                 »                            „                 „                 ...      „    Cardinal  Gambara 
CowsofBe'arn 104  Foix,  house  of 

cu]eg  ei~>Invia  virtuti  nulla  est  via  .      .      .   128  Henry  FV. 

Crab Forma  tengo  dal  variato  aspetto   .     82  Gir.  Corti 

Crawfbk 207/Rene'  of  ChaloriS,  Pl"- 

\     of  Orange 

Cranes  flying  over  sea    Vel  cum  pondere 10  Insensati  Academy 

»  ,,  Iter  tutissimum „     Count  C.  Gamba 

°VnesT?  6  S/Tuta  silentia  merccs     .      .      .      .259  Count  Trinchero 
Crane  with  stone  in  foot  Amat  victoria  curam     .      .      .      .     f-9  Emperor  Mathias 

»  »  •      ■    Officium  natura  docet  .      .      .      .217  Duke  of  Anvalfi 

„  ,,       .      .      .  Non  dormit  qui  custodit     .      .      .   218 

„  „        .      .      .   Nunquam  decidet „ 

„  „  Pour  vaincre,  il  faut  veiller      .      .     „ 

„  „  Una  omnibus 

,,  „       .      .      .   Ut  alii  dormiant 

Crequier 83  Crequy  family 

Crocodile     ....  Crocodili  lachrymse       ....   137  Cardinal  Gonzaga 
Crocus.    See  Saffron. 

Crossbow     ....  Ingenium  superat  vires      .      .      .137  Fernando  Gonsalvo 
Crow 82  Corvinus  family 

»         215  Orsini,  D.  of  Paliano 

„     eating  laurel       .  Hinc  sola  salus 220  Ct.  Clement  Pietra 

Crows,  two 183  Giovanna  of  Austria 


INDEX.  419 

Device  Motto  rage 

Crown,  celestial,  over     /Vanitas    vauitatuin,     est    omnia)  000  „  ,     im 

globe     .      .\     vanitas      ......      ,  }233  Robert  Stuart 

„        three     .      .      .   Aliamque  moratur 238  Queen  Mary  Stuart 

„  „         ...   Manet  ultima  caslo 126  Henry  III. 

...   Valer 202{A1^ns,0  IL>  KinS  of 

\     Naples 
See  Pyramid.    Rock. 

Crescent      ....  Los  en  croissant 2G  Order  of  the  Crescen 

„  ....  Sic  illustrior  crescam    ....   142  Vicenzo  Gonzaga 

See  Moon,  new. 

Crucible       ....  Probasti  me  Domine  et  cognovisti .  137  Francesco  Gonzaga 

• DomiaeFutasth„e      ....     ,,{0*^  MaLa^" 

„       and  bar  of  gold  Donee  purum 7  Ardenti  Academy 

Crystal  ball       .      .      .  Candor  illsesus 176  Pope  Clement  VII. 

Cube 83  Cybo  family 

Cup  constellation  .      .   Inter  eclypsis  exorior    .      .      .      .123  Francis  II. 

Cupid  drawn  by  snails    Festinate 132  Pietro  G.  di  Gennaro 

„      at  feet  of  Diana  .  Omnium  victorem  vici  .      ...     85  Diane  de  Poitiers 

„      and  wings   .      .   Con  queste 144  Curtio  Gonzaga 

Cuttle  fish  ....  Sic  tua  non  virtus 97  Cardinal  de  Ferrara 

-  Cypress  and  laurel.      .  Erit  altera  merces 76  Marcantonio  Colonna 

Daisy Humble  et  loiall 369  Margaret  of  Anjou 

Daisies  and  ring    .      .   Hors  cet  anel,  point  n'ay  amour     .   106  Louis  IX. 

"      ^clTOd  d  °Ut  °f}Manus  Domini  protegit  me       .      .   163  Margaret  of  Austria 
„      and  lily  .      .      .   Mirandum  uatura3  opus      .      .      .   165  Margaret  of  Valois 

Diamond     ....  Durat  et  lucet 64  Matbias  Hunniades 

„         ring  .      .      .  Elle  dure  et  dureia       ....   154  Ant.  de  Lalaing 

„        and  feathers.   Semper 170  Medici  family 

„        on  anvil  .      .  Semper  adamus 64  Col.  Ant.  Caracciolo 

Die Je  passe 150  Pierre  de  Hagenbach 

„ Nusquam  devius „     Chancellor  Seguier 

„ Semper  aliquid „     Clem.  Piccolomini 

„ Semper  jactatus „ 

Dittany  and  goat   .      .   Hinc  vulnus,  salus,  et  umbra  .      .     66  Ferdinand  Carafa 

Diver Mersa  emerget 27  Luigi  d'Aquino 

Dog  asleep  ....  Quietum  nemo  me  impune  lacessit    191  Francesco  Sfoiza 
„    and  flock   .     .     .  Non  dormit  qui  custodit     ...     19  Ant.  Altoviti 

Dog-collar  ....  Sauciat  et  defendit 215  Nicolo  Oisiui 

„        unfastened  Sans  liarne 48  Bottigella  family 

Dolphin  and  ship  .      .  Uber  et  tuber 224{Hpo7tugal    ^  °f 

See  Anchors.     Fortune. 

Doves Fida  conjunctio 183  Giovanna  of  Austria 

„      and  ring       .      .  ^terno  conjuge 252  Anne  of  Austria 

Dragon  and  castle  .      .  Delubra  ad  summa       ....  44  Pope  Gregory  XIII. 

"      a  Hes^eSies  °f}Ab  insomni  non  custodita  dracone  97  Ippolito  of  Este 

„  „  „      Servat  et  abstinet 73  J.  B.  Colbert 

,,  „       TPErOPET  (Vigilat)      ....  45  Pope  Gregory  XHI. 

,,  ,,  „       Yo  mejor  las  guardare  ....  54  Isotta  Brenibata 

2  e  2 


420  INDEX. 

Device                                                  Motto  Page 

Dropping  water      .      .   Hinc  spes 223  Cte.  Fran.  Porto 

Eagle Nulla  potest  delere  vetustas    .      .     99  Cesare  of  Este 

„      and  dart.      .      .  A.  D.  S.  I.  T 89  Emp.  Eodolph  II. 

.    ,.      .         i    x>  11             it-  ,« (Cardinal  Francesco 

„      and  olive  branch  Bella  gerant  alii 143|     Qonza„a 

„         „     .  Nee  fnlmina  dcsnnt       .      .     .      .  131  {Q^  Mary  de  Me- 

„      burning  its  fea-fPur  che  ne  godan  gli  occhi  ardanj  m  Cmt{Q  G  a 

thers  .      .      .  \     le  piume j  & 

9R„(Francesco  Mdria, 

»  "  »  "  "  Zbrf(     DukeofUrbino 

„     looking  at  the  sun  Erecta  ferar  et  non  connivebo       .   195  Count  de  Montmajeur 

t)  „  „        Aude  aliquid  dignum  ....   220  Count  Clem.  Pietra 

)(  „  ,,        Che  mi  pu6  far  di  vera  gloria  lieta    69  Irene  Castriota 

TT       .  7,         ,        ,     .  (Caracciola,   Prince  of 

,,  „  „        Hoc  vivo,  nee  ultra  vota  volant     .      ,,  <     Torella 

5J  fJ  „        Ni  matarme,  ni  spaventarme         .   132  Galeazzo  Fregosa 

,,  „        E  di  cio  vivo  e  d'altro  mi  cal  poco      69 

,  cl    i  i        t-.-  •         •  00f Emperor   Louis,    the 

„      over  cleft  globe.  Divisum  jungam  .     .      .      .     88 j     j^,.^ 

„      on  crescent        .  Comminuam  vel  extinguam     .      .     89  Emp.  Maximilian  II. 

„  protecting  its  young  Sub  umbra  alarum  tuarum      .     ,   241  Peter  II.  K.of  Aragon 

m     ■>.    ■  i  j.   ™-  ionfQ"oen  Mary  de  Me- 

„  „  „        Tegit  virtute  minores    ....   129pdicig       ;  ' 

.,  r.  ....  -a( Catherine,  Queen   of 

„     proving  its  young  De  generis  ammis  lux  .      .      .      .     lbi     p0]an(j 

„  ,,  „        Generi  laudemque  fidemque    .      .       „  Pope  Paul  V. 

„  „  „        Mei  non  degenerant      .  „  Gabrielli  Cesarini 

-.t      j  non  (Charles  Emmanuel, 

„        Nondegenero 232|     Duke  of  Sayoy    ' 

„  „        Perfero 355  William  Eufus 

„  „  „        Sic  crede 16  Bernardo  Accolti 

„  „  „        Con  certa  fede , 

„  „  „        Sustinuere  diem „ 

„  ,,  „        Unum  aspicit ,, 

„      and  serpent .  .  Non  deseret  alta 226  Cardinal  Richelieu 

„      killing  a  serpent  Dimicandum 84{C1Denmark  ^^    °f 

„      with  swan    .      .  Lacessitus— or,  Sic  repugnant       .   138  Card.  Ercole  Gonzaga 
„      with  thunder  and) 

lightning. 

„      with  thunderbolt  Quo  jussa  Jovis       ...           .  228  Fr.  de  Saint  Luc 
•     •        „  , 253  Sully 

"      ^'kutef0"'  an.d}Cui(lue  suum 89  Emperor  Charles  V. 

„      with  olive    .      .   EN  KAIPH  EKATEPON       ...     89  Emp.  Maximilian  II. 

Eclipse  of  sun  .      .      .  Medio  occidit  die 238  Queen  Mary  Stuart 

(Nisi    cum    deferent    spectatorem)   Ary  -p.  „  ,-,.     -& 
»         '     '{    nonhabet.      .....      .)  46  Dom  Gio.  Borgia 

„  „         .      .  Totum  adimit  quo  ingrata  refulget  195  Card.  Ascanio  Sforza 

See  Cup. 

Eclipse  of  moon     .      .   Ipsa  sibi  lumen  quod  in vi det  aufeit  237  Queen  Mary  Stuart 

„         .      .   Hincaliquandoeluctabor  .      .      .   ns/0^^0  de 


>Nec  metuenda  timet     .     .      .     .40  Cardinal  Barberini 


Device 


INDEX. 

Motto 


421 


Es 


g 


Elements,  four 
Elephant     . 


Discretis  sua  virtus  adest  . 


.  Vi  parva  non  invertitur 

adoring  the  KT  ,   ,     , 

5"  VNumen  regemque  salutant 

„            „    Pietas  Deo  nos  conciliat     . 
„             „     Sic  ardua  peto 
broken  tree     Dum  stetit 


„        and  dragon     Non  vos  alabareis 

„        crushing  flies  Al  mejor  que  puedo      . 

„    throws  its  teeth  ( Lasciai  di  me  la  miglior  parte  a 

to  hunters  .  \     dietro 

„  walking      I 

through  a  flock  >Infestus  infestis 

of  sheep .      . J 

Equilateral  triangle     .   iEquatis  undique 

Ermine A  ma  vie 


Malo  rnori  quam  foedari 


»r 


Faces,  three 
Falcon  . 

„     and  diamond  ring 
„     hooded     . 
„     on  a  hand 
„     with  bird 
„    with  clock     . 
Fame  and  four  winds  . 
Feathers  and  crown    . 
„        eagles'     . 
,,  .... 

„        heap  of,  and 

wing3  . 
„        plume  of 
three  . 
wild  . 
Fir-cone  on  fire 
Fire  blown  by  the  winds 
Firmament 
Fish-hook  and  rod 


Fig-tre 


Flhil 


Page 

239  Schweppermanu 
37  Marquis  del  Vasto 
63  Caracciolo  family 

159  Malatesta  family 
oofRodolph,  Duke  of 

\     Swabi  a 
yQfCaracciolo,  Marquis 

\    of  Vico 
,,    Camillo  Caula 
„    Giust.  Salimbene 

134  Gio.  Batt.  Giustiniani 

1  Oo  JSinibaldo  and    Otto- 
'  \    boni  Fieschi 

9d1  /Sisenanda,    King    of 

M1\    the  Goths 

220  Count  Clem.  Pietra 

not, !  Philibert  Emmanuel, 
-|     Duke  of  Savoy 

226 

113  Motto  of  the  Order 
fQueen  Anne  of  Bre- 
tagne 

ono  (Alfonso  XL,  King  of 
•      •      '   MZ\     Castile 

/Ferdinand  I.,  King  of 
"  "  "     '      '     »  \    Naples 

Nunquam „ 

Probanda      „ 

Mens  unica 259  Trivulzio  family 

Mihi  et  mea 281  Ann  Boleyn 

Semper 170  Pietro  de'  Medici 

Vincior  ut  vici 18  Duke  of  Alba 

Maiora  cedunt 244  John  I.,  K.  of  Castile 

Non  sibi  sed  Domino    ....  136  Gousalvo  of  Cordova 

Fal  col  tempo 94  Card.  Ipp.  d'Este 

Clara  ubique 35  Archduchess  Isabella 

Qui  se  humiliat  exaltabitur     .      .     47  Vitaliano  Borromeo 
Sic  alias  devorat  una    ....     38  Marquis  del  Vasto 
Alias  devorat  una  meas      .      .      .     „     Ferdinand  Gonzaga 

Magnatum  vicinitas      ....   239  Queen  Mary  Stuart 

Vi  nulla  invertitur  ordo     .      .      .   356  Stephen 

Semper 170  Lorenzo  de'  Medici 

Ingentia  marmora  findit  caprificus     61  Campo  Basso 
Hinc  odor  et  fructus     ....       4  Accesi  Academy 
Crescit  ad  adversis       ....   130  Q.  Mary  de  Medicis 

In  motu  immotum 98  Cardinal  L.  d'Este 

Non  capio  ni  capior      ....   151  G.  Horologgi 

Telum  virtus  facit 33(FrfeAricV  .Archduke 

\     ol  Austria 


422 


INDEX. 


Device 


Flume 


Motto  Page 

.  Deorsura  nunquam 212  Olympia  Orsini 

„  „  „     Claudia  Rangone 

|Men  dolce  si,  ma  non  men  caldeWg  pieh.0  deUa  Valle 

'  \     al  core ) 

.  Aut  eundum,  ant  pereundum        .   262 
,  Repetit  caelum  sua  dona  .     „ 

.  Unde  venne  ritorna       ...... 

_.   .        ,.        ,,.  0,.0  (Francesco  Maria, 

Quiescat  in  sublime 262  j     Duke  of  Urbino 


Fleur-de-lis 


.  Le  terns  revient       .      .      .      .     ^171  Lorenzo  de'  Medici 

and .  s°uth\perflantibus  austris 250  Emperor  Charles  V. 

wind     .  J 

„  „    sword  Consilio  flrmata  Dei      .      .      .      .153  Joan  of  Arc 

,    vessel(C(T  -i0  Alco  cJj  Di0  ?ar6  hl  Italia)l93  Ludovico  Sforza 
"             "    ,coo<:il|     ciel  nemici  Francesi                    .  j 

„  on  hillock  Expecta  non  eludet       ....   1G6  Margaret  of  Valois 

Foolscap 10  Granelleschi  Acad. 

Flower Aut  faciat,  aut  inveniat  viam  .      .152  Jeanne  d'Albret 

Fortune  on  a  ball  .      .   Omnia  fortuna  committo     .      .      .     84  Q.  Isabella  of  Austria 


globe 


Volente 126 


Eliz.  of  Austria,   Q. 


q.j  (Charles,  Archduke  of 
\     Austria 


Fortuna  comites 


Frog 


of  Charles  IX. 
dolphin  .   Audaces  fortuna  juvat 
wheel     .  Adrastia  aderit 238  Queen  Mary  Stuart 

Zoo  „  ,,  ,, 

168  Mecsenas 
cp  (Philip,  Duke  of  Bur- 
'   I     gundy 

J  Jean  sans  Peur,  Duke 
"  \     of  Burgundy 
59  Charles  the  Rash 


Fusil Ante  ferit,  quam  fiamnia  micet 

„    and  log  of  wood .  Flammescit  uterque 


Galley  .      .      . 

„       (Prow  of) 
Globe  teiTes trial 


Non  dormit  qui  custodit 


Ponderibus  librata  sua. 
Primus  circumdedistime 


and  victory  . 
,,    helm 


„    map  of     . 

„    terrestrial  and 
celestial    . 

See  Firmament. 
Goat.    See  Dittany. 
Gold,  Samnite  . 

See  Crucible. 
Golden  Fleece 


.     86  Andrea  Doria 
.      .  225  Cardinal  Richelieu 

Cum  Jove 252  Philip  II. 

oro(Francesco  Maria, 
•      •  Zb/\     Duke  of  Urbino 

on!  (Emmanuel,  King  of 
\     Portugal 
Reliquum  datur 251  Philip  II. 

xt      •    j.      -u  ■  o/io  (Martin  I.,  King  of 

Non  m  tenebns 242|     Aragon' 

Hoc  opus 225  Cardinal  San  Giorgio 

m        v  nAoi Ferdinand  III.,  King 

Te  gubernatore 242|     of  Cngtile 

Regam  patriis  virtutibus  orbem    .  123  Francis  II. 

>Unus  non  sufficit  orbis  ....   122  „ 


Samnatico  mon  capitur  auro   .      .     76  Fabrizio  Colonna 
Assiduitate 34  Archduke  Albert 


INDEX. 


423 


Motto 
Pretium  non  vile  laborem 


Device 
Golden  Fleece 

„       Shield       . 

See  Key. 

Goose  tearing  up  roots  Deficiam  ant  perficiain 
Gordian  Knot  .      .      .   Nodos  virtute  resolvo    . 


J 'aye 
58 


Allen. 


|  Order  of  the  Golden 
\     Fleece 
-nf Order  of  Louis  of 
\     Bourbon 


Tanto  monta 


38  Marquis  del  Vasto 
215  Mare'chal  d'  Andre 
f  Ferdinand    the 
Catholic 


••{' 


G0,estlesf  SaU'  and      }Meliora  latent 12  Intronati  Academy 

Graft.     See  Tree. 

Grenade.    See  Bombshell. 

Gryphon 40  Gryphius 

(Unguibus     et    rostro    atque    alis)  oa  n:  «  t> -\    t»„~k  „„ 

„  .1       &      ,  ,      ,  ^  >  o9  Oian-raolo  Baguone 

\     armatus  m  hostem     ....  J  ° 


Gunpowder.  See  Mortar. 


40  Otho,Arch.  of  Austria 


Fortia  facere  et  pati  Romauum  est    76  Muzio  Colonna 


Hand  in  fire     . 
See  Caduceus. 

Hare  ascending  hill    .   Ascensu  levior 

Hares  insulting  lion  injEt  ]epores  deyicti  iusultant  leonL 

Harrow 


.  Evertit  et  sequat 
„  .   Mors  sequat  Omnia 

and  letter  Y    .  Hoc  virtutis  iter 


Hat  .      .      . 

Hearts,  two 
Hedgehog  . 


See  Porcupine 
Heliotroiie  . 

n 

Helm.     See  Globe 

Hen  and  chickens 


A  la  bonne  heure  nous  prit  lapluie 
A  vaillans  cceurs  rieus  impossible 

Non  solum  nobis 

Nou  tan"or  inultus        .... 
Omnis  mihi  vita  sub  armis 
Que  nul  ne  s'y  frotte     .... 
TJndique  tutus 


Mens  eadem 
Solem  sola  sequor 


Non  domiit  qui  custodit 


„  „  Servatque  fovetque 

Heron  flying  above  the"!  A  ,, .  ir 

ciouds  .      .     .JAltiorprocelhs 


>l 

)) 

I) 

)) 

)5 

)! 

»> 

?) 

)J 

)>               »               1) 
Hercules  and  Antseus 

» 

hydra 

Natura  dictante  feror   . 
In  sublime  feror 

Nunc  pluat 

Tutus  in  altis     .... 
Superat  tellus,  sidera  donat 

Tu  ne  cede  malis     . 


40  Pope  Urban  VIII. 
236  Queen  Mary  Stuart 

~0  (William,   Duke   of 
\     Hainault 
,QR/ Funeral     of     Queen 
iy6\     Henrietta  Maria 
(■Chancellor  Morvil- 
"  \     liers 
134  Mare'chal  Gie 
72  Jacques  Coeur 
6  Amorevole  Academy 
83  Prince  Butera 
„    Marshal  Turenne 
„    Crequy  family 


219  Aurelio  Porcelaga 
130  Qu.  Mary  de  Medicis 

Oo  c  /James  III.,  King  of 
/d0\     Scotland 
19n/Queen   Catherine  de 
LlK)\    Medicis 

77  Due  de  Guise 
„     Marc  Ant.  Colonna 


9  Elevati  Academy 
141 


J  Cardinal  Francesco 


Gonzaga 


424 


INDEX. 


Device 
Hercules  and  hydra 
„        club  of 
„       upon   Mount 
(Eta.     . 

>>  jj 

See  Atlas. 

Holly 

Hesperides,  Garden  of. 
Horse-leaping  circus   . 

„      bos  for  shoeing 
Houseleek  . 
House  on  fire    . 


Motto  1'age 

.  E  s'  io  1'  uccidi,  piii  forte  riuasce     143 

.   Erit  h;ec  quoque  cognita  monstris    130 

(Arso    il  mortal,   al    ciel    n'andra' 

\     l'eterno 

<t*  **  1*  **A* 


10 


Curtio  Gonzaga 
Louis  XIII. 

Iufiammati  Academy 

Leone  Orsini 


Hydra    . 
See  Hercules. 

Incense  on  coals 
Italy  and  a  Moor 

Javelins,  sheaf  of 


Qui  s'y  frotte  s'y  pique 
See  Dragon. 
Unus  non  sufficit  orbis 
Pour  dompter  follie 
La  virtix  fa  sempre  vivo     . 
Dov'  e  gran  fuoco  e  gran  fumo 
Opes  non  animum   . 
Utcunque     


Justice 


Key  of  gold 
Kingfisher  . 


5) 
11 


Nisi  ardeat 


Fortibus  non  deerunt 
Unitas     .... 
Cuique  suum 


Knight  in  the  lists 

on  horseback 


Clauditur  aperitusque  liberis 

Nous  savons  bien  le  temps 

Ssevis  tranquillus  in  undis 
Occasio  omnium  rerum  optima 
Sat  cito,  si  sat  tempestive 
Qui  volet 


Qui  cupit 
Sic  aliena 


„       transfixing  his|Dubiafortuna 
adversary     .  j 
Knot,  order  of  .  „  „ 


Knotted  stick  . 

Labyrinth    . 

i»         ... 

See  Minotaur. 
Lamb.    See  Paschal. 

Lance  shivered 


Je  l'envy 


Fata  viam  invenient 


50  Charles  the  Rash 

.  250  Philip  II. 

.  229  Gio.  F.  Sanseverino 

.  214  Virginjo  Orsini 

.  105  Lautrec 

.  213  Felice  Orsini 

.  216  Sforza  Pallaviciuo 


7  Ardenti  Academy 
193  Ludovico  Sforza 

63  Duke  of  Termoli 
OKO  (Cardinal  Vecchio  of 
25b\     Trent 
141  William  Gonzaga 


210 


est 


.  Hinc  dolor,  hinc  lacrimal    . 

.   Labor  vires  convenit     .     .      .      . 
(Laqueus     contritus    est,    et    nos 


"  '[     libera ti  sumus 

Lamp.      See     Candlestick. 
Lances,  sheaf  of.    See  Javelins. 
Laurel  and  thunder     .   Intacta  virtus 


7  Chiave  Academy 
Ottoboni    and    Sini- 
baldo  Fieschi 
207  William  of  Orange 
290 

246  Philip  the  Fair 

/Sancho  IV.,  King  of 
"  \     Castile 
89  Emp.  Maximilian  II. 
24-.  ("James    I.,     King    of 

\     Aragon 
201  Louis  of  Tarento 
K-fLouis,   Duke   of 
"\     Orleans 

1 55  Bois-Dofin  de  Laval 
2KofChristina,    Queen   of 
\     Sweden 


-.nifQueen   Catherine   de 
\     Medicis 
,,     Richard  I. 
9n9/Neapolitans  (on    the 
<  death  of  Alfonso  II.) 


255  Count  Odoardo  Tiene 


INDEX.  425 

Device                                                Motto  lage 

Laurel  on  tomb 155  Laura  of  Petrarch 

„       struck  .     .      .   Sotto  la  fe  del  ciel  &c.  .      .  '  .      .  219f  Ales.sa.udro  PiccoI°- 

\    mini 

See  Crow.     Lions.     Scourge. 

Letter  A ;  (two  A's  in  l  .     ,  ,  cr.  ,-.  ,        -  «   . 

circle')        I     chacun  son  tour 150  Dukes  of  Guise 

„      I        ....  Mqxm  regente    ......  226  Cardinal  Mazarin 

n 'n;««-\  (Hoc  per  se  nihil  est,  sed  si  mini-l1/m  n    j-     1  j    m   ■ 

„      U.nine).     .      .1     _^      u-i-       '•      „^i     ?149  Cardinal  de  Guise 
'  \     mum  addideris  maximum  fiat  .  j 

„„....  „  „  132  Ottaviano  Fregosa 

Y  245/Ferdinand    'he    Ca- 

\     tholic 

„  ....  A.  I.  P.  Q.  N.  S.  I.  A 89  Emp.  Ferdinand  I. 

„  .     .     .      .  A.  D.  S.  I.  T „   Emp.  Rodolph  II. 

„  .     .     .     .  A.  E.  I.  O.  U 88  Frederic  the  Pacific 

.      .      .     .  F.E.R.T 230(Order  of  the  Annun- 

\     ciation 

Level Firmatque,  regitque     ....  226  Cardinal  Richelieu 

Lictor's  fasces  .      .      .  Prseest  prudentia  bellis      .      .      .  168  Cardinal  Mazariu 

Lighthouse  and  ship  .  Cursum  dirigit 254  George  Taufel 

„  „  .   Dat  vitare,  dum  dat  vidcre      .      .     „ 

„  „  .   Lux  sum  errantihus  „ 

„  „  .   Errantihus  una  micat   .      .      .      .     „ 

„  „  .   In  tutum  allicit „ 

Lightning,     See  Thunder. 
Lily.     See  Fleur-de-lis. 

Lion  and  rapier      .       /Non    deest    generoso    in   pectorej261|Franeesco  Maria, 

r  \     virtus J       \     Duke  of  Urbmo 

„  Vigilat  sacri  thesauri  custos    .      .   223  Pope  Sixtus  V. 

„    blue    ....  Solatur  conscientia  et  finis       .      .  184  Prince  of  Melfi 

„    rising  out  of  water  Luctor  et  emergo 211  Zealand  Province 

„     solitary     .      .      .  Cum  grege  non  graditur    .      .      .   223  Pope  Innocent  XI. 

„    with  helmet  .     .  Jovii 191  Galea zzo  Maria  Sforza 

See  Hares. 

Lions  between  a  laurel  Ita  et  virtus 175  Lorenzino  de'  Medici 

Lioness  and  whelps     .  Unem  quidem,  sed  leonem      .      .  236  Queen  Mary  Stuart 
Liquorice  plant      .      .  Dulce  meum  terra  t-3git      .     .      .  234         „  „ 

Lizard  and  chamomile    iEternumque  tenebit     ....   142  Vicenzo  Gonzaga 

Loadstone  and  pole     .  Sa  vertu  in'attire 235  Queen  Mary  Stuart 

Log  of  wood  burning  .  Imis  hserens,  ad  suprema   .      .      .182  Leonora  de'  Medici 

/In  viridi  teneras   exurit   flamma\KT  -p.  „    A  » ■««•  ■,-  ■ 
••       {    medullas J 1  a  Piero  de  Medici 

„  „  „         Si  in  viride,  quid  in  arido  ?      .      .  61  Caldora  family 

See  Fusil,  Water  buckets. 

Lotus  flower      .      .      .   Dum  respicis  erigor       ....  68  Luigi  Lucarini 

„        „  ...   Emergo  lucente  sole      .      .      .      .162  Cardinal  Mandruccio 

„        „  ...  Sic  diva  lux  mihi 66  Ferdinand  Carafa 

„        „  ...   Per  te  mergo  et  immergor  ...  68 

Lucifer  (morning  star)    Hac  monstrante  viam   ....  35  Pescara,  Marquis 

Lunaria,   herb.     See  Moon. 

T  4     .  ..    .  •  .  ..  infGiambattista  della 

Lynx Aspicit  et  mspicit 12<     p    , 

„         Nullius  pavet  occursuin      ...     88  Emperor  Charles  IV. 


426 


INDEX. 


Device 
Manna  . 

Mariner's  compass 
Pole  star 


Mermaid 


Metse  (goals),  three 


Milk}'  way  . 
Millet,  branch  of   . 
Minerva.     See  Shield. 
Minotaur 
Moon,  new 


Motto  I 'age 

Non  quae  super  terrain       .      .      .   257  Cardinal  Tournon 

c  >Aspicit  unam 103  Sinihaldo  Fieschi 

»"— "» ?%&** 

Contemnit  tuta  procellus   ...     79  Stefano  Colonna 

„  „  ...     51  Jolm,  D.  of  Bourbon 

A  ,               i  oz?0fGuidobaldo  II.,  Duke 

*,X«iPctot«tV 263|     ofUrbino      ' 

Nee  citra,  nee  ultra      ....   224  Claudio  Rangone 

Monstrat  iter 47  Carlo  Borromeo 

Servari  et  servare  meurn  est    .      .     39  Marchese  del  Vasto 


.      .  In  silentio  et  spe 216  Gons.  Perez 

.  Donee  tutum  impleat  orbem    .      .117  Henry  II. 

.      .      .  Olim  plena 217  Popes  Pius  II.  &  III. 

.      .      .  Plena  luna  proxima      .      .      .      .     „     Asc.  Piccolornini 

.  Sine  macula „     Niccolb  Piccolornini 

full  ....  Candida  candidis 116  Q.  Claude  de  France 

.  Quum  plena  est  aemula  sol  is    .      .118  Henry  II. 

.     .      .  Lux  in  tenebris 5lf  He"r-V'  D.u?e  of 

(     Brunswick 

„     and  herb  Lunaria  Tu  mihi  quodcunque    . 

See  Crescent. 


218  Clem.  Piccolornini 


Mortar  with  gun- 
powder   . 

Mount  Olympus     ■ 
„      Vesuvius     . 


.} 


Minima  maxima  fecit 


241  Dona  Teresa 
„     Dom  Garcias 


.  Nubes  excedit 102  Oltaviano  Farnese 

.  Undique  terror 150{FlGulseS'  ^  ^ 

"      ^a^  diV^}Ardua  virtutem 83  Pope  Innocent  VIII. 

Mountain  burning 22  Sieur  de  Chaumont 

„        sawing  .      .  In  patientia  suavitas     ....   20o{CllT^1.'les  °J1LAn-i0U' 

\     King  of  Naples 

Mountjoy  herb       .     .   Sans  autre  guide 147  Dukes  of  Gueldres 

Mulberry 192  Ludovico  Sfor 


za 


Nautilus 
Number  XXVII. 


.  Tutas  per  suprema  per  ima      .      .       4  Affidati  Academy 
.  Vinte  sete 95  Isabella  of  Este 


244 


fHenry  III.,  King  of 


\     Castile 
211  Maurice,  P.  of  Orange 


Oak Semper  eadem 

„    and  sapling    .     .  Tandem  fit  surculus  arbor 

„    beaten  by  wind   .  Ni  undas  ni  vientos      ....   224/A1Ionso  m '  KinS  of 

(     Portugal 

Oar  flaming      .     .     .  Pour  un  autre  non 156  Andre'  de  Laval 

0cean 69  Baltassar  Castiglioae 

Orange  tree      .      .      .   Fiores  fructusque  perennes      .      .     i()/Elorimontana 

I     Academy 

„        Pallas,  and      1XT  .  r,  _,.„ 

phoanix    .     .jNecsortenecfato 211  Willm.  III.  of  Orange 

Olive.    See  Arm.    Armed  Hand.    Eagle.    Serpent. 


INDEX.  427 

Device  ifotto  Page 

Order  of  the  Cordeliere.  J'ai  le  corps  delie 114 

„         St.  Michael  .  Inimensi  tremor  oceani.      .      .      .111 

„ Annunciation 230 

See  Bear.     Golden  Fleece.     Golden  Shield. 

f\c.u.;~\,  fSi  sursum  non  efferor  alis,  cursul   „.,  ,,         .     ,  ,  Tr    , 

0stn0h {     saltern  prastervehor  omnes    .      .  j  3b  Marquis  del  Wo 

"       ht^  eggS  JDi^ersa  ab  aliis  virtute  valemus   .  205f  °™nt  Pete1'  °f 
in  sun  .  j  \     Navarre 

„      with  a  nail 365  Q.  Anne  of  Bohemia 

„  „  Spiritus  durissima  coquit  .      .      .167  Girol.  Mattei 

Owl Sortem  ne  despice  fati  .      .      .      .   215{0r^aD1Va^uke  of 

Ox 45  Borgia  family 

Palm  tree    ....  Tuas  hrec  omnia 33  Anne  Q.  of  Poland 

„    with  stone    .      .   Inclinata  resurgit 26 l(Fra™es™  Maria'   D* 

°  |     of  Urbmo 

„  „       .      .      .   Ponderibus  virtus  innatus  resistat   237  Queen  Mary  Stuart 

„     brand i  on  altar.  Pios  altissima  surgit  in  usus   .      .   129J^™a^argaret  of 

See  Cypress.    Armed  Hand. 

Panther       ....  Allicit  ulterius 105  Lautrec 

„ Mens  sibi  conscia  facti  ....  260  G.  G.  Trivulzio 

„ 158  Lucca  City 

Pan's  pipe 7  Arcadi  Academy 

Patience      ....   OT'THS  AITANTA 96  Ercole  of  Este 

Paschal  lamb    .      .      .  Ortu  clarus,  sine  dolo  ....  149  Cardinal  de  Guise 

„  ...  Rubet  agnus  aiis 43  Cardinal  Birague 

(Badge  of    Knights 

"  \     Templars 

Peacock       ....   Est  mihi  cauda  decus   ....  229  Amadeus  I. 

„  ....   Leaulte  passe  tout 83  Alano  Cybo 

„       on  globe   .      .   Omnia  vanitas 246  Joan  of  Castile 

„  „  .      .  „  99  Barbara  of  Este 

Pearl Decus  allatura  coronae  ....  163  Margaret  of  Austria 

„         Non  sine  foenore 220  Elena  Piscopia 

„         Tu  splendorem,  tu  vigorem      .      .  183  Giovanna  of  Austria 

„         Unio  cuncta  disjunxit   ....   129(QuJfen    M&^ret    of 

J  {    Navarre 

„         Rore  divino 221 

Pegasus       ....  Sedes  haec  solio  fortior  ....  253JCh™etj1ea>   Queen   of 

„  ....  Si  qua  fata  sinant 40  Toco  family 

„  ....  Si  te  fata  vocant „    Cardinal  Bembo 

Pelican  .....  Aliis  non  sibi  clemens  ....  222  Pope  Clement  IX.  ♦ 

„ Pro  lege,  grege,  et  rege      .      .      .  207  William  of  Orange 

Proregeetgreg,    .     ,     .     .     .  m{^™  CX"  ^  °f 

„ Immemor  ipse  sui „ 

„ Mortuos  vivificat „ 

„ Nee  sibi  parcit „ 

^ Ut  vitam  habeant „ 

Pen,  black  ....  Delia  mia  nigra  penna  li  fregio  d'oro    30  Ariosto 


428 


INDEX. 


Device 


Motto 


Page 


Margaret  of 


Pentalpha   ....   Salus 129{Q  Navar 

Pemeda     ^    Andr°"}Amat  victoria  curam      ....     90  Emperor  Matthias 

Phcebus  in  car.  See  Sun. 

.  En  ma  fin  git  mon  commencement  235  Queen  Mary  Stuart 


Phoenix 


V 

)) 
» 
11 

11 

11 
11 
11 
)) 
1) 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 


Invito  funere  vivat 153  Joan  of  Arc 

I  was  born,  lived,  and  died  free 

Nascatur  ut  alter     . 
Non  est  simili  illi    . 


9-  of  Christina,  Queen  of 
zod1     Sweden 


Semper  eadem    . 
Sola  facta  solum  deum  sequor 
Soli  phoenix  omnia  mundi 
Unica  semper  avis  . 

Ut  vivat 

Vivit  post  funera     . 


.   De  mi  muerte  mi  vida  . 
.   De  niort  a  vie 
.   Et  morte  vitam  protutit 
.  Ex  morte,  immortalitas 
.   Murio  y  nacio    . 
.  Ne  pereat      .... 
.   0  mors,  ero  mors  tua    . 
.  Se  necat  ut  vivat 
.   Truova  sol  nei  tormenti  il  suo  gioire 
(Vivre  pour  mourir,  mour 

'\     vivre    

.   Uror,  morior,  orior   . 


ir  pour"! 


Pine-tree  struck  by       "1 T1 

thunder  and  lightning)11  ^  sPerar 
Plane,  carpenter's  .      .  Hie  houd 

Plane-tree  . 


■  Tv 


Et  steriles  platani  malos 


alentes 


Plutus Sedet  seternumque  sedebit 

Polestar      ....  Mas  veiante  ningum     . 

See  Mariner's  Compass. 
Pomegranate    .      .      .  Tot  Zopyros 


Poplar   . 
Porcupine 
i) 
ii 
ii 
ii 

See  Hedgehog. 
Pots  of  fire . 

See  Boiling  Pot. 
Prometheus 
Pyramid,  building 
„         crown  over 


Vos  mentis    .... 
Au(  1  aces  fortunaju vat  . 
Cominus  et  eminus  . 
Decus  et  tutamen  in  armis 
Ne  volutetur 
Qui  s'y  frotte  s'y  pique . 
Vultos  avos  Troise   . 


D'ardant  desir 

Altiora     . 
Ut  ipse  finiam 
Ad  hoc  stet  . 


161  Jane  Seymour 

116  Q.  Eleanor  of  Austria 

161  Queen  Elizabeth 
192  Bona  of  Savoy 
384  Queen  Elizabeth 
116  Q.Eleanor  of  Austria 
159  Cardinal  Trent 

162  Linacre 

79  Vittoria  Colonna 
162 


.   143  Curtio  Gonzaga 
.     55  John,  D.  of  Burgundy 
gesserej  H  Trasformati  Academy 


•/ 


127  Henry  III. 
214 

251  Philip  II. 
242  Ferdinand  I. 
207  William  of  Orange 
112  Louis  XII. 

79  Vespasian  Colonna 
237  Queen  Mary  Stuart 

59  Nancy  city 
112  Louis  XII. 

26  Kene'  of  Anjou 

99  Cardinal  Luigid'Este 
222  Pope  Adrian  VI.* 
234  James  V. 


INDEX. 


429 


Device 


Motto 


1'age 


Pyramid  fo"™^    }Frustra 13  Ostinati  Academy 

„         ivy  round     .  Te  stante  virebo 148  Cardinal  de  Lorraine 

„         on  cube  .      .  Sine  fine 84  Lorenzo  Cybo 

Quince 190  Sforza  family 

„ (Frf-fmia  durant'Herculea  col-)l95ContediSantaFiore 

\     lecta  manu J 


Rainbow 


Reeds,  Rushes 


|*n2     *EPOI     HAE     rAAHNHN,"l119|Queen  Catherine  de 
'  \     Lucem  ferat  et  serenitatem       .  /       \    Medicis 

AI'KHSKPI'NON 100  Pope  Paul  III. 

Flectimur  non  frangimur  undis    .     37  Marquis  del  Vasto 

„  „  „  .     74  Colonna  family 

Resurgam 222  Pope  Clement  IX. 

Remora  (sucking-fish)    Sic  frustra ^{^Bottio-elhi1"18^ 

„  „  .   Sic  parvis  magna  cedunt  „ 

Rhinoceros  ....  Non  bvelvo  sin  veneer  ....  179  Alessandro  de'  Medici 

Rings,  three  diamond 169  Cosmo  de'  Medici 

Post  tenebris  lucem       ....  222  Pope  Julius  II. 

Ad  hue  stat 234  Mary  of  Lorraine 

Utrumque 233  James  IV. 

In  seternum  commovebilitur    .      .  221  Pope  Innocent  VII. 
Conantia  frangere  frangunt     .      .     80  Vittoria  Colonna 

Durabo 233  James  HI. 


Rock  and  castle 

crown    , 

column 

in  sea 

„    in  tempest 

Rocks,  two,  in  sea 

See  Thunder. 

Rocket  . 


» 


»> 

V 


Ardo  para  subir 227< 

Aut  sidera  cursum  .... 
Ardens  e  vexit  ad  aethera  virtus 
Dum  ardeo,  extollor 


Richelieu 


5)  ?>  5? 

/Christina  of  Savoy  and 
"  \    Q.  Henrietta  Maria 


Rose 


.  Poco  duri  pur  che  mi  inalzi  .  „ 

.  Rumpor  in  alto „ 

211  Orsini  family 

.  Suavis  et  aspera 213  Flavio  Orsini 

.      .      .      .  Sic  florui       .  , 82  Pope  Leo  XI. 

.  Una  dies  aperit,  conficit  una  die  .      „   F.  Comaro 

„  between  two  onions  Per  opposita 259  Conte  di  Trignano 

half  opened    . 


(Quando   si  mostra  men,   tanto  e\0„c  T      •      i    t    it  n-> 
„    ™..„r„„_    .      •(    piubel]a    ......      J265  Louise  de  la  "Valhere 

Rosebush Ill  Charles  Vn. 

Saffron Conculcatum  uberius    ....   157{Pi^^e°n7^ano'  Do°e 

„ Pereundum  melior 158  Bernardo  Rota 

„ Atrita  melior 

n Calcata  vh'escunt     . 

„ Pereundo  provenit  . 

Pulchrior  attrita  resurgo    .      .      .     „ 

Je  deusse  mourir 51  John,  D.  of  Bourbon 

ow*™ •^SSSSsr'' 


Sagittary 


430  INDEX. 

Device                                               Motto  Page 

Salamnnder      .      .      .  Durabo 242  John  K.  of  Aragoti 

„,..,,  ,  ,  .  1K  (Francis,  when  Count 

•      •     .   Nutnsco  il  buono,  stengo  el  reo  .   115  j     ofAngoulgme 

.   Nutnsco  et  extinguo  .     „     Francis  I. 

.  Ung  seul  desir 116  Fiancis  I. 

„  ,  „,  .  ,  .  OQ,  (Thomas,  Count   of 

Savoy  knot        .      .      .   Stnnge  ma  mon  costnnge  .      .      .  23K     gavo  ' 

„   and  two  bands.  En  s'eloignant,  elles  se  Eerrent     .  163  Margaret  of  Parma 

Saw 41  Bentivoglio  family 

See  Mountain. 

Sceptres  and  a  bword  .  Duo  protegit  unus 128  Henry  IV.    •---- 

Scorpion      ....  Qui  vivens  lsedit  morte  medetur    .   140  Luigi  Gonznga  . 

Scourge  and  laurel      .   Psena  et  premium 217  Pope  Pius  II. 

Seal        .....  Sic  quiesco 141  Luigi  Gonzaga 

Seleucides  (birds)  .      .  Loco  et  tempore 221  C.  Pietra  il  Veccbio 

o  j.       i        i  -n  i      •       ■         ■     t  oo  (George,  Archduke  of 

Serpent  and  anchor     .  Fata  viam  inveniant     ....     33<      Austria 

i                   T          z  i  nnA  (Edward  King  of 

„        „     lance       .  Loco  et  tempore 224  j     portugal  a 

„        „     obelisk    .   Prudentia  in  adversis   ....  222  Pope  Gregory  XII. 

"         "      0ltancl,}RerumsPPie»tiaCUstos-      •      •      .166{MK^DuC'hess0f 

„        „      sword     .  Hie  ducibus 201  Robert,  K.  of  Naples 

„     biting  a  lance      Indarno 154  Gaspar  Lanci 

„    casting  its  skin  {Cm&°£  Vef™  e  nu°Va  8P°Slia}l51  Ascanio  Salimbene 

„  „  „       Nitidus „     Antonio  Isolani 

„  „  „       Paratior 231  Philip  II.,D.  of  Savoy 

„  in  a  fire,  and  star  Quis  separabit 221  Pope  Boniface  IX. 

„  in  a  hedge  .      .   Sed  contra  audentior  ito     .      .      .   194  Ludovico  Sforza 

„  round  a  spade  .   His  ducibus 134  Ipp.  Giranii 

„  shutting  its  ears  Ut  prudentia  vivam 19  Aless.  Alessandri 

Serpents,   three,  IooMq       bru    a  tegebat      ....     13  Einovati  Academy 

mg  at  the  sun    .  j  ^  °  J 

„         two,  and  pair (Dilexisti    malitium    super  benig-')  „q  Ajinsto 

oft-hears.      .\     nitatem / 

See  Eagle.    Biscia.     Stag.     Stork. 

Sheep 42  Berry  Province 

See  Elephant. 
Shield,  Golden, Order  of  Allen 50  Louis,  D.  of  Bourbon 

r-Kir-  ,         -r,  i     i-         a  i «/. ("Margaret,  Duchess  of 

„      of  Minerva  s     .  Rerum  prudentia  custos      .      .     .   1QG<     Berrv 

„      Spartan      .      .  Aut  cum  hoc,  aut  in  hoc     ...    35  Pescara,  Marquis 
Ship Omnia  fortuua  committo    ...     86  Andrew  Doria 

„    in  full  sail      .      .  Velum  ventis ^PortugaT'  ****  ^ 

„     in  storm    .      .      .  Custodi  dominus  vigilantis       .      .   166  Marquis  de  Marignan 
,,  ,,        ...  Durate 145  Cardinal  Granvelde 


with  shivered 
mast     . 


/Quo  res  eumque  caclunt,  Bemper|lfi7  Prince  de  Ligue 

\     hnea  recta )  ° 

.  Tcmpestati  pavendum   .      ...     88  Emperor  Wenceslaus 

>Nunquam  nisi  rectum    ....   237  Queen  Mary  Stuart 


INDEX. 


431 


Propriis  nitar 


Buena  guia 


Device  Motto 

Ship  with  oars  . 

„    and  pole  star. 

See  Galley. 

Sickle Sparsa  et  neglecta  colgi 

Sieve Donee  iinpurum 

„         Ti  a  mi,  e  mi  a  ti    . 


See  Bolting  Mill. 
Snail.     See  Cupid. 
Sphinx  . 
Squirrel 
Stag  and  serpents  . 

„    flying  .      .      . 


Quo  non  ascendant? 
Una  salus      .... 
Caesar  hoc  rnihi  donavit 
Cursum  intendimus  alis 


.  Esperance 

.  Velocitur  ad  caelum. 

.  Dant  aninios  vicis    .... 

.  Transcendum,  aut  lnorianduni 

.  Nessuu  mi  tocchi     .... 

Star  ......  Cara  ma  Ion  tana      .... 

Stars,  three       .      .      .  Ab  his  venit  oraiie  serenum 

„        „     .      .     .      .  Hinc  ordo  et  copia  rcrum 

.  Invidiaj  fines  virtute  reliquit    . 

.  VigiJa  it  et  cuncta  quiescunt    . 

heavens  studded  .  Yelocitur  ut  prosit  .... 


running    . 
swimming 

white  . 


Page 

141  Scipione  Gonznga 

201  Alfonso  I.  of  Arugon 

103  Claude  Fauchet 
14  Travagliati  Academy 
194  Beatrice  d'Este 
384  Queen  Elizabeth 


32  Emperor  Augustus 
106  Nicolas  Fouquet 

46  San  Carlo  Borromeo 
108  Charles  VI. 

53  Constable  Bourbon 

.qJPeter,  2nd  Duke  of 
\     Bourbon 

84  Alberigo  Cybo 
6  Animosi  Academy 

84  Alberigo  Cybo 
142  Lucrezia  Gonzaga 
130  Mary  de  Medicis 
168  Cardinal  Maznrin 


of  Magi 


Monstrat  iter 

Monstrant  regibus  astra  viam 
>Vias  tuas,  Domine,  demonstra  mihi 
Exilit  quod  dcleterit     .... 


„    surrounded  by 
arrows  . 
Steel  :>nd  flint  . 

See  Fusil. 
Steelyards.      See  Balance. 

Stockfish 

Stork  and  cube       .      .EN  KTPin  ETXAPI2TIA 
„      and  plane-leaf  .  Audentius  obstat 
„      and  serpents      .  Post  longi  tsedia  belli    . 
,,      fed  by  young     .  Antepelargium  serva     . 
„      feeding  its  young  Pia  mater  noxia  pell  o    . 
Style  of  dial      .      .     .  Non  cedit  umbra  soli    . 

Suns,  Golden 

Sun Candida  candidis     . 

Idem  per  diversa 

Non  exoriatus  exorior  . 

Non  mutuata  luce  . 


222  Pope  Clement  IX. 

224 /Jo  1m,   King  of  Por- 
\     tugal 

108  John,  King  of  France 
86  Andrea  Doria 
13  Occulti  Academy 


»> 

?7 


among  clouds . 
in  his  splendour 


Si  tardior  splendid  k>r 


Solus  indeficiens 

Major  ab  adversis   . 
Nee  pluribus  impar. 


151  Iceland 

84  Alberigo  Cybo 
131  Vicenzo  di  Franchi 
136  Gonsalvo  of  Cordova 
220  Count  P.  Brunora 
131  Q.  Mary  de  Medicis 
260  Gian  G.  Trivulzio 
111  Charles  VI.  and  VII. 
116  Claude  de  France 
382  Edward  VI. 

98  Cardinal  Luigi  d'Este 
142  Ferdinand  Gonzaga 

,.. /Cardinal  Prospero 

\     Colonna 
,oo/Frederick,    Duke    of 
iM{     Mantua 
131  Q.  Mary  de  Medicis 
130  Louis  XIV. 


432 


INDEX. 


Device 

Sun  rising  . 

>? 
and  Phoebus   . 

dispelling  clouds 


Motto  rage 

Non  dum 247  Charles  V. 

Non  dum  in  auge 239  Duke  of  Seminara 

Jam  illustrabit  omnia  ....  250  Philip  II. 

Fovet  et  discutit ^(Francms,  Duke  of 


\     Anjou 

„            „       .   Obstantia  nubila  sol  vet      .      .     .  158  Pierre  de  Luxembourg 

„            „        .   Obatantia  solvet 99  Cesare  d'Este 

setting,  and  moon   Lux  indeficiens 8  City  of  Casal  Acad. 

and  moon  .      .      .  Me  tuis  ornari 33  Agnes,  Q.  of  Hungary 

Jam  feliciter  omnia      ....  252  Q.  Elizabeth  of  Valois 

His  suffulta 117  Q.  Eleanor  of  Austria 

Tantum  volvitur  umbra      ...  8  Costanti  Academy 
Eclipse.  Fleur-de-lis.     Lucifer. 

Aspice  ut  aspiciar 127J 


moon,  and  stars 
and  tree     , 
on  column 
See  Eagle. 

Sun-dial 


See  Trivulzio 
Sunflower    . 


fQ.  Louise  de  Vaurle- 
mont 


251  M.  deFienbet 
255  At  Bourses 


2^|  Dial  of  Cardinal 

\    Richelieu 
91  L.  Priuli 
254  Dial  at  Venice 
quidamj253  M  de  Fienbet 


.  Dum  fugit  umbra,  quiesco 

.  La  vie  est  comme  l'hombre,  &c. 

.  Nee  momentum  sine  linea 

.  Nulla  hora  sine  linea    . 
.  Non  numero  horas  nisi  serenas 
JPlures    labori,    dulcibus 
'\     otiis 

jSacia  themis   mores,  ut  pendula  |       (Palais  de   Justice, 

"  \     dirigit  horas J  "  \    Paris 

.   Carpe  diem 254 

.  Dies  meisicut  umbra  declinaverunt  253 
.  Dona  prsesentis  rape  lsetus  horse  .     „ 
.  Dubia  omnibus,  ultima  niultis      .     „ 

.  Festina  suprema 254 

.  Gressus  denumerat „ 

/Haste,  traveller,  the  sun  is  sinking] 

]     low;  I 

"  j  He  shall  return  again,  but  never  j  " 

(     thou.  J 

JIo  vado  e  vengo  ogni  giorno,  "I 

'  (Ma  tu  andrai  senza  ritorno.  J  " 

.   Memento  horse  novissime  .      .      .     „ 
.   Pereunt  et  imputantur       .     .      .  253 
.  Si  nescio,  hospes,  sunt,  &c.      .      .     „ 
.   Suprema  hsec  mullis,  forsantibi    .     „ 

("Umbrae  transitus  est  tempus  nos-"l   „ 

'\     trum J 

.   Volat  sine  mora 254 

.   Watch  and  pray,  time  steals  away     „ 


Deorsum  nunquam 
Non  inferiora  secutus 


165  Catherine  c "  A.ustria 
„     M("-garet  oi  ,  alois 

/■•""rederick  Htci-y  of 
"  \     Orange        J 


Swallow  feeding  young  Concordia  regni 20o(Rc^ert,'  Kingl '." 

„      flying  away    .  Le  froid  me  chasse 239  Madame  de  Si-j.;' 


INDEX. 


433 


i)e»!ce                                                   Motto  I'age 

Swallow  resting  on  stick  Difessa,  non  cliffisa 11  Inseusati  Academy 

JNon  liubemus  hie  maueutiuu  civi-1  „oq 

" \    tatum J 

Swan 117  Q.  Claude  de  France 

,.         72  Cleves,  House  of 

„         Cum  candore  canore      ....  222  Pope  Clement  IX. 

„         Plus  qu'  onque  mes        ....     72  Duchy  of  Cleves 

„         Unius  coloris 27  Luigi  d 'Aquino 

See  Eagle, 
o    „   ,                              (Arma  tenenti  omnia  dat  qui  iusta)000(Ch-'trles  Emmanuel, 
Sword \     nega J233|    Duke  of  Savoy 

,,      cleaving  rock    .  Aciat  ut  penetrat 224|     .    '  ,     ° 


Constable"s 
flaming 


in  bran 


Aplnnos 197  Const.  Montmorency 

Auctor  ego  audendi      ....     52  Cardinal  Bourbon 
Folium  ejus  non  defluit      ...„,,  ,, 

N'espoir  ny  peur „         „  „ 

Penetrabit 52  Constable  Bourbon 

A  tempo 214  Virginio  Orsini 


See  Armed  hand.     Balance.     Sceptre. 


Temple  and  dove  .      .  In  deo  spes  mea 

„        of  Difna  of    JSive  bonum,  sive  malum,  fama  est 
Ephesus.      .  \ Alterutra  clarescere  fama 

„        of  JunoLacinia  Junoni  lacinae  dicatum 

Terminus    ....   Cedo  nulli 

.,           ....   Yel  Jovi  cedere  nescit  .... 
Thistle In  utramque  fortunam  .... 

„  .      .      .      .   Ne  me  toqm  s,  il  peut   .... 

„       Order  of    .      .   Esperance 

Thrush Taciturnus  turdus 

Thunderbolts   .      .      .  Cum  timore 

-    striki,1Sthrc,H  Feriunt 
mountains  J 

Thunder  .      .      .   Feriunt  summos 


S- 


■r 


.  Feriunt  summos  fulmina  montes 
.   His  impia  terrant    .... 

.   Hoc  uno  Jupiter  ultor  . 

.  Impavidem  ferient  ruinse   . 

.   Spoliat  mors  munere  nostro 

.  Versa  est  in  cineris        ... 

.  Volitat  per  saecula  nomen  . 

i&tgle.     Laurel.     Oak.    Pine. 

irawingTru''i    Ur    .,      .  .    £,. 

of  a  well  >  Veritas  tempons  fiha    . 

le.     See  Water  Buckets. 

reversed       .      .  Qui  me  alit,  me  extingutt  . 

so  and  sail    .      .   Festina  lente 


10f,/Queen  Elizabeth  of 
lzt>\    Austria 

1 141  Luigi  di  Gonzaga 

38  Marquis  del  Vasto 
90  Erasmus 

i»         ?) 

157  Count  Lodrone 

158  Pliilippa  of  Guehlres 
50  Louis,  D.  of  Bourbon 
13  Occulti  Academy 
89  Emperor  Charles  V. 

summos 142  Vespasian  Gonzaga 

79  Vespasian  Colonna 
S9  Frederic  the  Pacific 
45  Francesco  Borgia 
142  Vespasian  Gonzaga 
ini  f  Alessandro  and  Car- 
\     dinal  Farm  sj 


151 


/Chancellor  Mich,  do 
\     1'Hopital 
1G3  Margaret  of  Austria 

>■  )i  i) 

136  Gonsalvo  of  Cordova 

383  Queen  Mary 

228  Moris,  de  San  Valier 
182  Cosmo  de'  Medici 

2  p 


434 


INDEX. 


Device 

Touchstone 
Tower    . 


>> 


See  Thunder. 
Tree  grafted     . 

„     in  churchyard 

„     leafless     . 

„      with  trophy  . 
Triangle 

j»  ... 

Tulip      .... 


9Qn/Amadeus  VI.,  Count 
ZdU\    of  Savoy 


Motto  Page 
De  mi  color  mi  valor     . 

Fides  hoc  uno,  virtusque  probantur  76  Fabio  Colonna 

Sic  spectanda  fides 122  Francis  II. 

Nisidominifrustra ^Si™''  **"*  * 

Nomen  domini 102  Bart.  Farnese 


.   Idem  et  alter 134  Ant.  Borghese 

JWann  Got  will,  or  Quando  Iddioj        QMiQ  Gioyio 
\     vorra J   " 

.  Pietas  revocabit  ab  Oreo     . 


237  Queen  Mary  Stuart 
oo/Mary  of  Juliers  and 


Gaudium  meum  spes  est    .  o.><,     r;jeves 

Ut  casus  dederit 238  Queen  Mary  Stuart 

,  Si  volge 174  Giuliano  de  Medici 

Trina  non  convenit  orbis    .      .      .237  Queen  Mary  Stuart 
„    „  .  000 (Victor  Amadeus,  D. 

•  Perficior 233(    of  Savoy 

.  Syn  sus  rayos,  mys  desmajos   .      .   144  Carlo  Gonzaga 
.   Languesco  sole  latente  „ 

(Senza  i  suoi  raggi  io  perdo  mial 
\     bellezza /  " 


Unicorn 

,,  ... 

Victory.     See  Globe 
Venus  (planet) 


Vine  on  ground 


Exaltabitur  sicut  unicornis 
Veneno  pello      .... 


Inter  omnes 


.  Adhuc  delapsa  viresco 
.  Juncta  quiescam 
.  Virescit  vulnere  virtus 
„  watered  with  wine  Mea  sic  mihi  prosunt 
Violin Versa  est  in  lachryrnas 


47  Vitidiano  Morromeo 
20  Bart.  Alviano 


-..^/Cardinal  Ippolito  de' 

14 '{    Medici 

178  Cardinal  Mazarin 

133  Gio.  Gherardini 

200  Manfred 

234  Queen  Mary  Stuart 

lot  ,,  ,, 

163  Margaret  of  Austria 


Water-buckets  on  a     (Los  llenos  de  dolor  los  vazios  de 

wheel   .      .     \    speranza 

„  „  Piene  di  dolor  vide  de  speranza    . 

„  in  a  well  Altera  levatur 

.,  „  Alternant  pondera  eundo   . 

„  „  Va  et  Vienne 

Water-buckets  and 

flaming  log    . 
Waterpot.    See  Chantepleure. 
Weasel  and  toad    .      .  Amat  victoria  curam 

„  eating  rue  .  .  Cautius  pugnat  . 
Whale  and  museulus  .  Urget  majora  . 
Wheatsheaf.     See  Corn. 


.} 


Humentia  siceis 


1238  Diego  de  Guzman 

„    Queen  Mary  Stuart 
219  Asc.  Piccolomini 
65  P.  L.  Carafa 
„   Cardinal  Joyeuse 

187  Galeazzo  Visconti 

182  Francesco  de'  M     i. 
216  Sforza  Pallavicir  ■ 
233  James  V. 


Wheel lt; 


"{ 


Willigis,   Archbi 
of  Mayence 


INDEX.  435 

to™*  Motto  rage 

W*fd„ Sans  sortir  de  1'orniere  .     .      .     .   258  L.  La  Tremoille 

See  Fortune. 

Wild  man   .      .      .       /Mitem    animum    agresti  sub  tegr-\„„  c.        .    „. 

'  \     mine  scabro     .  )11  kieur  de  Chaumont 

Willow  (sorel) .Ill     .'  240  Agnes  Sorel 

\Y  ind.     See  Fire. 

Wolf Sua  alienaque  pignora  nutrit  .     .     82  Mathias  Corvinus 

Y.,  Pythagorean.   See  Harrow. 

Yoke Suave 173  Fope  Leo  X. 

»         Superare  ferendo 

See  Bullock.  '     " 


LONDON  : 

I'RINTED    BV    WILLIAM    CLOWES   AND   BUNS, 

STAMFORD   bTREET   AND  CHAUIKG   CROSS. 


This  book  is  a  preservation  photocopy. 

It  is  made  in  compliance  with  copyright  law 

and  produced  on  acid-free  archival 

60#  book  weight  paper 

which  meets  the  requirements  of 

ANSI/NISO  Z39.48-1992  (permanence  of  paper) 

Preservation  photocopying  and  binding 

by 

Acme  Bookbinding 

Charlestown,  Massachusetts 


2003 


BOSTON  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


3  9999  04853  141  0