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OEORGK F. HOAR

HISTORIC HOMES AND INSTITUTIONS

AND

GENEALOGICAL m PERSONAL MEMOIRS

WORCESTER COUNTY

MASSACHUSETTS

WITH A HISTORY OF

WORCESTER SOCIETY OF ANTIQUITY

PREPARED UNDER THE EDITORIAL SUPERVISION OF

ELLERY BICKNELL CRANE

Librarian of the Worcester Society of Antiquity, and Editor of its Proceedings;

Author of "The Rawson Family Memorial," "Crane

Family," two vols. , Etc.

"Knowledge of kindred and the genealogies of the ancient J amilies deserveth the htghesC
praise. Herein consist eth a part of the knowledge of a man's own self. It is a great spur to
virtue to look back on the work oj our lines." — Lord Bacon.

"There is no heroic poem in the world hut is at the bottom the li/e of a man." — Sir
Walter Scott.

Vol. I

STI^.A.TrE:;iZ>

NKW YORK CHICAGO

THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY
1907

4juj\^ (PaJt- £o-

INTRODUCTORY

WORCESTER COUNTY

The history of Massachusetts — civil, political and military — has been written by
various authors and at various times, each succeeding writer adding a new chapter of
annals, or treating his subject from a different viewpoint. Such history , however, splendid
narrative that it is, is principally concerned with what has been accomplished by the peo-
ple in a mass, and takes little note of individuals, except those so pre-eminent as leaders as
to come under the full glare of fame.

Hence it follows that genealogical and family memoirs are of peculiar importance,
includino- as thev do, the personal annals of those who make heroes and heroism possible —

those who have marched in the ranks of
progress, bearing the heat and burden of
the day, — portraying the spirit which
actuated them, and holding up their
etTort for an example to those who come
afterward. As was written by Marti,
neau, "To have forefathers renowned for
\ionorable deeds, to belong by nature to
those who have bravely borne their part
in life and refreshed the world with
mightv thoughts and healthy admiration,
is a privilege which it were mean and
self-willed to despise. It is a security-
given for us of old, which it were false-
hearted not to redeem ; and in virtues
Prescott Homestead, at pepperei-i. bred of a noble stock, mellowed as they

44-

V* ■

The home of Col. William Prescott, second son of Benjamin are by reverence, tiiere is often a grace

Prescott. and the grandfather of William H. Prescott. the distin-
guished historiaa. Col. Prescott was born in Groton. and settled on a
large tract of land previously owned by his father, located in what
was calletl the " ' Gore." later included in the town of Pepperell. He
served as a Lieutenant in the expedition sent in 1755. to remove the
French Neutrals from Nova Scotia; and as colonel of the Minute Men
enrolled in and about Groton in 1774. At the battle of Bunker Hill.
June 17. 1775. he occupied the distinguished position of Commander
of the American forces. He died October 13. 1795. aged sixty-nine
years, having been bornFebruaiy -0. 17'Jt>. His widow died October
21. 1821, aged eighty-eight years; both buried at Pepperell.

and ripeness wanting to self-made and
brand-new excellence. Of like value to
a people are heroic national traditions,
giving them a determined character to
sustain among the tribes of men, making
them familiar with images of great and
strenuous life, and kindling them with faith in glorious possibilities."

The county of Worcester affords a peculiarly interesting field for a study of family
traits, individual character and personal achievements. It is rich in historical associations,
and its soil has been the scene of events of the utmost importance to the entire nation. To
it came a sturdy people, men and women, too, of brawn and brain and conscience, their
hearts fervent in reverence of God and love for religious and political liberty. They came

INTRODUCTORY

up out of great tribulations. They were of that overflow of Pilgrim and Puritan stock
which traversed an unbroken wilderness to make homes where were savages, ar.d to con-
quer primeval nature. They builded better than they knew.

" For Good is not a shapely mass of stone,

Hewn by man's hand, and worked by him alone.

It is a seed God suffers hmi to sow —

Others will reap, and, when the harvests grow,

He giveth increase through all coming years,

And lets men reap in joy, seed that was sown in tears."

Simple and clean in their lives, .is were these
earlv settlers, the homes which they builded were hum-
ble, but they were the seat of all the virtues that consti-
tute ideal manhood and womanhood. The courage,
fortitude and activity displayed by these hardy pioneers
was most remarkable, and, when the struggle for na-
tional independence came, the sons and daughters of
these illustrious sires were not wanting in patriotism
and devotion, freely sacrificing comfort, life and prop-
is.MAH Thomas. LL, a erty, that they might bequeath to the generations that

Founder of "Massachusetts Spy." and Ameri- ghould follow them a free liberal government "of the

can Antiquarian Society, born July 30, °

1749. died April 4. 1S31. in Worcester. people, by the people, and for the people. They were,

from the beginning, prime movers in every patriotic movement, and in all looking to the
elevation of humanity. In 1775, in convention assembled, they expressed their abhorrence
of human slavery, and that, whenever opportunity should present, they would use their
influence toward the emancipation of the negro. From here, their birthplace, marched
Captain (later known as Colonel) Timothy Bigelow and Captain Benjamin Flagg— with
their companies of minute-men on that

i?^*X.^

memorable l9th of April, 1775, and
here, in the city of Worcester, the
Declaration of Independence was first
read in Massachusetts. Here, too, was
the home of General Artemas Ward,
the trusted friend and chief lieutenant
of the great Washington. In Worces-
ter was set up, by Isaiah Thomas,
the first printing press in an inland
town in Massachusetts, and the jour-
nal which was printed from it was one
which was unparalleled in its influ-
ence upon the minds of the common
people in their ready espousal of the
cause of independence from British

tyrannv. Here entered upon his illus- ^^.^^ ^^^ ^^_^^^^ Farnum in ITOe. and stands in the southerly part of the

tiious career Levi Lincoln, one of the «'«'' "' U^b"dge.

Giants in those davs— a great lawyer, jurist and statesman. Here lived and labored repre-
Tentatives of the famous Prescott, Curtis, Allen, Washburn and Devous families and here
was born George Bancroft, the historian. Here, too, were heard, at various periods,
Webster, Sumner, Lincoln, Henry Wilson and Henry Ward Beecher, and, in the yet later

Karnum House, Uxbridge

Worcester Art Museum, Salisbury Street. Worcester

INTRODUCTORY

days, the lamented Senator George F. Hoar, all eloquent proclaimers of libert}' and plead-
ers for humanity. And, in the Civil war, the grandsons of the men of Bunker Hill fought
at Gettysburg, and on many another glorious field, that the Union might be preserved.

There were not only patriots among the settlers of Worcester county, but men of
special note in various fields of industry. Perhaps no spot of the same area on this conti-
nent has produced so many of superior mechanical genius, or thuse who lutve given to the
world mechanisms of such great utility and advantage to

the progress of civilization. Senator Hoar, in a speech ^^^- '

made before the United States Senate, on January (j,
1903, said; " Within twelve miles of the spot where I
live, was born Eli Whitney, the inventor of the cotton
gin, who doubled the value of every acre of land in this
country on which cotton can grow. Six miles in another
direction was born Erastus Bigelow, the inventor of the
carpet machine. Six miles in another direction lived
Blanchard, the inventor of the machine for turning irreg-
ular forms, perhaps the most important single mechan-
ical invention that has been made in the country down
to this time. Eight miles another way was born Whitte-
more, inventor of the card clothing machine. Twelve
miles another way was born and lived Elias Howe, inven-
tor of the sewing machine. When the Civil war broke
out, Mr. Howe enlisted as private. When, in its em-
barrassment, in the summer of 1861, the government
could not pay its soldiers, this private soldier drew his
check for all the arrears due his regiment of a thousand
men, forsome months. * * * All around me there are
homesteads, some bordering my own, owned by invent-
ors, foremen and skilled workmen, who have acquired
fortunes in this honorable service, so beneficent to mankind and so honorable to this
country."

The founders of the olden time, who laid the foundations for the development of the
present, left not only a splendid posterity on this their own soil, but they gave a pregnant
interpretation to the words of Bishop Berkley : "Westward the course of the empire
takes its way," for from them came an overflow which was destined to continue until it
reached the far-off Pacific — men and women to carry forth and perpetuate that plain, sturdy,
personal character of manhood and womanhood for which the people of Massachusetts
have gained a large degree of renown. Wherever they planted their homes, there the
church and the school house are found as monuments of their personality. Nor is this all,
they prided themselves in thrift, and the reward that comes as the fruit of honest toil and
endeavor; and, wherever placed, have proved a power for ideal citizenship and good gov-
ernment, for that righteousness which exalteth a nation.

In each generation and at every stage of progress, the people of Worcester county
have had the service of men of the loftiest character and highest capability — in arms, in the
arts of peace, in statesm.inship, in affairs, and in letters. It is to connect the active pro-
gressive men of the present generation with their illustrious ancestry, that the present vol-
umes were undertaken, in the conviction that

Major General Artemas Ward

Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas.
October T>. 17T4: General in the Continentai
army : Cotnmander-in-Chipf of the Massachu-
setts forces. May 19. 177.5. liorn in Shrews-
bury. Massachusetts. November 26. 1727. son
of Nahum and Martha (Howe) Ward. As
Major took part in the campaign of 1755
against the hr^nch. near Lake Champlain, at-
taing the rank of colonel. Member of the
Massachusetts Lecislature for sixteen years:
Speaker of that body 17>-.'>; Member of Congress
1791-9,5; died in Shrewsbury October 27, 1800,

INTRODUCTORY

Vll

" It is indeed a blessing when the virtues
Of noble races are hereditary, *

And do derive themselves from imitation
Of virtuous ancestors."

The honorable ancestry which belongs to the people of Worcester county is a noble

heritage, and the story of its achieveinents is a sacred
trust committed to its descendants, upon whom devolves
the perpetuation of their record. History is constantly
making, and that of yesterday and today is as important
in its place as that of the centuries past. Throughout
the country are those who are memorialized in its pages,
through whose sagacity, determination and philanthropy,
states and communities have been benefited in material
ways, and in religious, educational and political affairs —
in all that stands for progress and improvement.

It was the consensus of opinion of leading men in
Worcester county — men well informed and loyal to the
memories of the past, who were consulted with refer-
ence to the matter — that the editorial supervision of Mr.
Ellery Bicknell Crane in the preparation of the work,
would insure the best results attainable in these deeply
interesting channels. For fifteen years the President
of the Worcester Society of Antiquity, and the present
librarian of that body and the editor of its " Proceed-
ings," he has long been deeply interested in the pursuit
of genealogical information in the county of Worcester,
and his wide knowledge and the ample material at his
command in the library of the above mentioned society
have afforded to the local writers upon this work a rich mine of information along the
lines prescribed, and through his instrumentality, also, they have had access to the wealth
of historical and genealogical records
in the archives of the American Anti-
quarian Society, through the courtesy
of its librarian, Mr. Edmund M. Bar-
ton. Mr. Crane has also contributed
to these pages a historical sketch of
the Worcester Society of Antiquity,
including a brief notice of the Amer-
ican Antiquarian Society. The pub-
lishers have given all possible care
with reference to the family and per-
sonal narratives. If, in any case, one
should be found incomplete or faulty,
the shortcoming is ascribable to the
paucity of data furnished by the sub-
scriber, or to be obtained from public
record, many families being withoutex-
act records in their family line ; while,

Governor Levi Lincoln

Continued in the office of Governor for nine
successive re-eleclions, until, declining to be a
candidate for re-election, retired from the
office on the induction of his successor, in Jan-
Unry, 18.S4. Chosen member of 24th Contress.
Both Harvard and Williams colleee conferred
upon him the degree of LL. D. He was born
October 2.5. 1782: died May 28, 1868.

Si'

V-

Bancroft House. Worcester

The liome of Rev. Aaron Bancroft, in Worcester, Massachusetts.
Here was born George Bancroft, the Historian, October 3. 1800, son of
Rev. Aaron and Lucretia iChandler ' Bancroft.

Views of Polytechnic Institute, Worcester

INTRODUCTORY ix

in other cases, various representativesjof a family are at disagreement as to names and dates
of some of their forbears. In all cases the sketch has been submitted to the subject or his
representative, and upon him, in case of error, must rest the ultimate responsibility.

It is believed that the^present work will prove a real addition to the mass of litera-
ture concerning the families of historic old Worcester county, and that, without it, much
valuable inform.ition contained] therein would be inaccessible to the general reader, or
irretrievably lost, owing to the passing away of many custodians of family records, and the
consequent disappearance of material in their possession.

THE PUBLISHERS.

WOllCESIEIi SOCIEiy OF A\TIOIj'ITy

]T'

On the third day of May, 1775, was issued
the first copy of the Massac/iusctts Spy, printed
in Worcester, by Isaiah Thomas, since which
date this town (now city), the heart of the
Commonwealth, has been a prominent news
center.

Worcester has also been a great book
publishing center, "The Royal Standard
English Dictionary " (Perry's), the first dict-
ionary published in America, was printed here
=- -^^ ^_ by ]\/[r_ Thomas, as was also the first music

books printed from types, music having been

Worcester Society of Antiquity . , . . '^ , .

previously printed from engraved plates.
Various editions of dictionaries, lexicons, Bibles, medical works, law books and standard
works in history and general literature, were printed and kept on sale here. The Koran
was printed here in 1806, a Greek Lexicon in 1808; Plutarch's Lives, in six volumes
(1802); JosephuS, in six volumes (1794). A folio edition of the Bible published in 1791,
illustrated with fifty copper-plate engravings, furnishes a fine specimen of the work of
Mr. Thomas. Almanacs, sermons, school books, broadsides and works on nearly every
branch of literature of that period, came from the press (or, rather, presses) of Mr.
Thomas.

Thus were the people of Worcester early given special opportunity to learn the use
and value of books, acquiring more or less an honest desire for them, and to appreciate
the benefits of the knowledge to be gained through their use. The addresses and patriotic
utterances distributed among the people of New England through the circulation of the
Massachusetts Spy, had much to do with stimulating the spirit and feeling of resistance to
the arbitrary measures inaugurated by the government of Great Britain. And, after the
contest was over, and the independence of the United States secured, the influence of the
editor and publisher of that organ was exerted for the establishment of a societj' that
should bring together and preserve the mementoes of that heroic struggle, and also become
an institution that should take its jilace among the prominent historical societies in Eng-
land, France and other countries of Europe.

With that object in view, the American Antiquarian Society was formed in the year
1812. Its membership included representative men from the various States in the
Union. The printer, and founder of the society, Isaiah Thomas, LL. D., was its first
president. The first home or hall of this Society was a brick building, with a main up-
right part two stories in height, and a wing extending out on the north and also one
on the south side. The main or center portion of this building was dedicated on August
24, 1820, and the two wings added about eleven years later. This home, known as
Antiquarian Hall, stood on the easterly side of Summer street, near the corner of Belmont
street, and was built at the expense of Mr. Thomas, on a lot of land which he owned and
subsequently gave, by will, to the Society. In 1852 it was found necessary to have more
commodious quarters to accommodate the needs of the American Anticjuarian Society,

xii WORCESTER SOCIETY OF ANTIQUITY

and land was ^iven by Honorable Stephen Salisbury, father of the late Honorable Stephen
Salisbury, as a site for their new building, which now stands at the corner of Highland
street and Main street, next north of the Court House, and is the present home of this
most popular national institution.

In the year 1820, of the eighty-three names on the membership roll, twenty-four
were residents of Massachusetts, ten of whom resided in Worcester, the remainder of the
number were scattered throughout twenty-one other states of the Union. In 1880, thirty-
nine members were residents of Worcester; forty-four from Massachusetts, outside of
Worcester; sixty-two from other states of the Union; and seventeen from foreign countries.
At present the membership in America of this (the American Antiquarian Society) is lim-
ited to one hundred and forty. In 1893 there were twenty-six from Worcester; forty-three
from Massachusetts, at large; sixty-two from other states in the Union, and thirty-two
from foreign countries; total membership, one hundred and sixty-three.

Since its organization it has been co nucting a noble and most important work. It
came into the field so soon after the birth of our national government that special and
most favorable opportunities have been found for the accumulation of books, pamphlets,
papers and manuscripts treating of historical events, not alone of America, but of various
other nations — a service to which it was early commissioned. Its sphere of labor was,
and is, world-wide, special attention being given to the subject of Archaeology, including
a study of the antiquities of this American continent, and every measure was to be adoi)ted
that should "make the Society appear respectable as a National Institution," and the
American Antiquarian Society has not fallen short of accomplishing its mission, and is
recognized as one of the leading Societies of its class in the world. Its voluminous
library contains a collection of Americana of rare value, while its stock of original manu-
scripts may be counted of much more than ordinary interest. But as the population of
Worcester increased, and the good influence of this parent society was felt among the
citizens, there sprang up a desire for anotlicr organization, that should give opportunity
for other citizens of Worcester and vicinity to engage in historical study and research, and
also to provide a suitable place for preserving and placing on exhibition relics of the past,
especially those bearing upon the history of the City and County of Worcester, including
their people and institutions, preserving, for he benefit of future generations, such books,
pamphlets and documents of every descripfon as would furnish account of and portray
the habits, life and character of the people that came to reclaim this wilderness and plant
the institutions from whence so many benefits are at present derived, and to foster and
encourage an interest in the histor\- of this special locality.

A number of conferences were held in the printing office of Messrs. Tyler and
Seagrave, then on Main street, opposite the City Hall. At these preliminary meetings
there were present Samuel E. Staples, Franklin P. Rice, John G. Smith, Daniel Seagrave
and Albert Tyler. As a result of these deliberations, notices were issued for a meeting to
be held at the home of Samuel E. Staples, Number 1, Lincoln Place, January 24, 1875.
Besides Mr. Staples, there were present at this meeting John G. Smith, Franklin P. Rice,
and Richard O'Flynn. It was here decided to proceed with the formation of a society,
and arrangements were made for drafting a constitution, which was submitted at a meeting
held January 30th, and, after slight changes, was adopted at the third meeting, held Febru-
ary 13th. The first regular meeting held under the constitution came on March 2, 1875, at
which time the organization was completed by the election of the following named officers:
Samuel E. Staples, president; Henry D. Barber, vice-president; Daniel Seagrave, secre-
taiy; Henry F. Stedman, treasurer, and John G. Smith, librarian. 'For more than two

WORCESTER SOCIETY OF AXTIOUITY

xiu

years meetings were held at the homes of the members, where occasionally a paper was
read on some historical subject. But usually the time was passed in sociability and exam-
ining the collection of books and relics in the possession of the member with whom the
meeting was called.

The infant society soon came into favor and was received by the citizens of Wor-
cester with open arms, and grew with such rapidity that it became necessary to clothe it
with a charter, that was secured in the month of March, 1877, Honorable Clark [illson
having been chosen by a vote of the Society, at its annual meeting, held January 2d of that
year, to secure such an act. The names of the charter members were Samuel E. Staples
Clark Jillson, EUery B. Crane, Daniel Seagrave, Franklin P. Rice, James A. Smith, Albert
A. Lovell and Albert Tyler.

The organization of the corporation took place at the meeting held on March 6
1877, at the home of Eldward I. Cornius, on Wellington street, Worcester, at which time
the following officers were elected: President, Samuel E. Staples; vice-presidents Clark
Jillson and Ellery B. Crane; treasurer, James A. Smith; clerk, Daniel Seagrave. These
officers constituted the executive committee and Albert A. Lovell, Franklin P. Rice with
Charles R. Johnson, were chosen to serve as the committee on nominations. Thus was
the organization set in motion and started on its errand of usefiilness. Good moral char-
acter and an interest in the pursuit of historical studies, with the agreement to contribute
five dollars each year, and also pay such other assessments, not exceeding one dollar, levied
at any one time, as the society might elect, was the early test of qualification requisite for
membership. At the annual meeting January 4, 1876, twelve names constituted the mem-
bership roll. The next year saw the number increased to thirty names, and at the meet-
ing held January 2, 1877, the librarian reported four bound volumes and four pamphlets
as the extent of the Society's library.

The first book given the Society was entitled "Worcester in the Revolution," pre-
sented by the author, Albert A. Lovell, at a meeting held Septemb< r 12, 1876, at the home
of Ellery B. Crane. There was no special effort put forth for rapidly increasing the mem-
bership. Some care was, however, given to securing workers in the cause that would enable
the organization to make a showing sufficient to attract the attention of other persons of
similar desires, and, if possible, secure their co-operation, and it is the belief that in this
direction the efforts advanced were not futile.

In the year 1878 the Society counted sixty-nine names upon its roll, fifty-two of
them classed as active, two as life members and fifteen as honorar}^ members. Among the
latter class were men occupying exalted places as literary men and writers of history, all
of whom, we regret to note, have now passed away, and gone to their eternal reward. At
this writing not one of these fifteen gentlemen is left.

The monthly reports made by members of their additions to their private collections
stimulated the work of collecting, and helped to create interest in all matters of a historical
nature, with the result that, when the time came for forming the Society's Collection, there
was a generous response from those private sources, making it possible to create a com-
mendable showing within a comparatively brief period of time. That the handful of books
and pamphlets which by gift had become the property of the Society might receive proper
care, and the secretary have a place for his books and papers, some kind of a repository
was needed for their safe keeping, and the secretary purchased for one dollar and a half
the Society's first book case. For want of a better place it was temporarily set up in the
printing office of Messrs. Tyler and Seagrave.

xiv WORCESTER SOCIETY OF ANTIQUITY

But the institution was growing, and June 19, 1877, steps were taken toward secur-
ing a room in which to hold business meetings and deposit the Society's treasures, and on
the fourth of September a vote was passed instructing the Treasurer to hire a room in the
Bank Block, Foster street, and the first meeting of the Society was held there in room
Number Six, up one flight of stairs, on Tuesday evening, October 2, 1877, twenty-one
members being present. This was a notable meeting in the life of the young organization.
More than two hundred and forty gifts of books and pamphlets with a few pictures were
presented that evening, manj' of them being of special value. Honorable Clark Jillson's
contribution included a large folio volume of Cicero's Orations, printed in the year 1472, a
fine specimen of early printing. Four honorary members and three active members were
voted in at that meeting, and Elihu Burritt, "the learned blacksmith," was proposed for
honorary' membership, and notice of the death of Harvey Dwight Jillson, M. D., of Fitch-
burg, was given, it being the first death within the Societj^

For more than thirteen years the designation painted on the door of room Number
Six announced to the visitor or the passer-by that it was the home of the Worcester Society of
Antiquity, and many pleasant hours were passed within those walls by the little band of
faithful and constant workers who, by common consent, met there not only on the first
Tuesday evening in each month, but on every Tuesday evening, unless absent from the
city or detained by sickness, for all Tuesday evenings were consecrated to the interest
of this Society. Not all who met there then are now within the sound of the human voice.
But their influence and their works abide, and the memories of those pleasant, fascinating,
edifying social gatherings linger in the minds of those living today, who can, perhaps, more
fully appreciate the value of those social conclaves in bringing together and centralizing
the forces out of which this Society has been evolved, and also the words uttered by a mem-
ber of that circle who has gone hence, one who in those days was a tower of strength, a
giant among the weaklings, and possibly did more at the critical moment to put this
Society in a condition to stand alone, than any other man. These are his prophetic words:
"Our mission is not one that changes with the seasons. When we become weary with the
labor it imposes and seek other employments, the places we leave will be filled by zealous
laborers from a new generation, but the corner stone laid by our hands will continue to
support the superstructure, though the sound of the builders' hammer may ring through its
arches for centuries to come."

Before the close of the year 1877, members of the Society were greatly encouraged
in their work, as well as in the future prospects of the organization, by the kindly, stimu-
lating words received from certain gentlemen prominent in historical and literary circles,
in reply to notices sent them by the secretary, informing them of their having been elected
to honorary membership in the young Society. Among those who responded with special
reference to what had been accomplished, and the future outlook, were Benjamin J. Loss-
ing, Rev. Adin Ballou, Rev. Abijah Marvin, John G. Metcalf, M. D., Holmes Ammidown,
Elihu Burritt, William S. Barton, Esq., Dr. Guilermo Rawson, and Rev. Carlton A.
Staples. Of these, at this writing, not one remains.

During the life of the Society, there has been no step taken that apparently pro-
duced more beneficial results, and brought the Society into more popular favor, than print-
ing and disseminating its transactions and literature. Thus was attention called to the
valuable work being performed, and the publications of the Society soon found a demand
which to this moment has continued to increase. Among the early tasks assumed was copy-
ing and printing the inscriptions upon the tombstones in the ancient cemetery in Worces-

WORCESTER SOCIETY OF ANTIQUITY xv

ter, known as the Mechanic Street Burial Ground. And, before the summer of 1877
was ended, much had been done in securing inscriptions from burial grounds in Lancaster,
Lunenburg, Mendon, Shrewsbury and three of the ancient cemeteries in Worcester, while
some progress had been made in copying those from the burial grounds in Brookfield,
Leicester, Rutland, Southbridge and Sturbridge. This initial effort awakened fresh inter-
est throughout the community in the preservation of both public and private records, and,
through persistent exertions of members of this S ociety, and the co-operation of friends,
the early records of Worcester were published, from the earliest date down to the adoption
of the city charter in 1848, including the vital records, all of which have been assembled
within the covers of the Societj^'s publications, and constitute apart of the historical work
accomplished through its members.

At the close of the year, 1879, the librarian, Albert Lovell, reported that the Socie-
ty's librar)' contained thirteen hundred and twenty-five bound volumes and four thousand
three hundred and fort^'-two pamphlets and in the spring of 1881 it became necessary to
add another room to Number Six, the latter being used for meetings, while the second room
was for the accommodation of the rapidly increasing library and a small collection of rel-
ics. It was thought, with this addition, ample room had be?en provided for some time to
come. But in June, 1885, came a substantial increase to the library, of a gift from Mrs.
Charlotte Downes, of a collection of books and pamphlets, once the property of her late
husband, John Downes, Esq., of Washington, D. C. It was a pleasant surprise, and
caused no slight enthusiasm throughout the membership of the Society, for they fully ap-
preciated the value of the gift.

On the thirty-first day of March, 1883, occurred the death of Rev. George Allen. He
had been a frequent visitor at the meetings, and much interested in the work of the
Society. During his lifetime he had accumulated a large library. A short time before his
death, a considerable portion, however, had been sold at public auction in Boston, but
there still remained at the time of his decease about three thousand volumes, and, through
contributions of money from members and their friends, this collection of books and
pamphlets was added to the Society's library.

The next red-letter day was the observance of the tenth anniversary of the organ-
ization. The exercises were held in the Old South meeting-house, then standing on the
common on the site of the present City Hall. It was held on the twenty-seventh day of
January, 1885. Rev. Carlton A. Staples delivered the principal address. The proper date
came the twenty-fourth, but as that fell on Saturday, it was decided to celebrate on the
following Tuesday. There was a large attendance at the meeting in the church, after
which there was a banquet served at the Bay State House. Alfred S. Roe was toastmaster,
and it was after midnight when the end came to the good things that were said there. Not
long after this event, Honorable Stephen Salisbury, one of Worcester's prominent philan-
thropists, who had been watching the growth and conduct of this institution, offered to
assist in providing a home for it by contributing a lot of land on which to erect a building,
and also to give a certain sum of money toward a building fund. His offer was accepted
•with most grateful acknowledgments, committees were chosen for carrying the work for-
ward, and in due time the Society came into possession of a substantial, commodious,
brick building, well adapted to the needs of the Society, and through the exertion of its
members and their friends, chief among them the late Stephen Salisbury, it is the posses-
sor of a property valued at fifty thousand dollars, not including its valuable library of
twenty thousand bound volumes, thirty-five thousand pamphlets, and an interesting mus-

WORCESTER SOCIETY OF ANTIQUITY

eum containing over six thousand relics of Indian, Colonial, Revolutionary, Civil and
Domestic life, many articles of which it would be exceedingly difficult to duplicate, all
debts paid, and eleven thousand dollars of invested funds. Truly a remarkable showing.

The home of this Worcester Society of Antiquity is located at Number Thirty-nine
Salisbury street, Worcester, Massachusetts, and was dedicated on the afternoon of
November 24, 1891.

WORCESTER COUNTY

HON, GEORGE FRISBIE HOAR. No more
popular and truly meritorious family name comes
to the mind in writing of the many celebrated family
circles of Worcester county than that to which the
late lamented United States senator, George F. Hoar,
belonged. Others have attained to high eminence
in local, state and national fame, but to recite the
history of their accomplishments is an easier task
than to pick from a vast collection of important
data the facts from which a sketch suitable in
length for a work of this character can be compiled
and do justice to the memory of him for whom it is
written. Senator Hoar was born at Concord, Massa-
chusetts, August 29, 1826, and passed from earthly
scenes September 30, 1904 — seVenty-eight eventful,
well spent years.

His ancestors from the early day "^Massachusetts
Bay Colony," were men of great courage and activity.
One writer says "They were in advance of the times
in which they lived and were leaders to a higher
and better sphere, both in social and political sense."
The earliest of his male ancestors in this coimtry
was John Hoar, one of three brothers who came
with their sister and mother from Gloucester, Eng-
land. The husband and father, Charles Hoar, was
sheriff of Gloucester and died before his family came
to America. His wife, Joanna, died at Braintree,
1661. They had three sons and two daughters.
The sons were Daniel, who returned to Eng-
land in 1653 ; Leonard, who graduated at Har-
vard College, 1650, and was president of that insti-
tution from 1672 to 1675, when he died, and John.
(See Hudson's "History of Lexington," page 104,
Genealogical Register.)

(H) John Hoar, son of the first family who
located in New England by this name, was a lawyer,
distinguished for bold, manly independence. He
resided in Scituate, Massachusetts, from 1643 to
1655. It was about 1660 when he settled in Con-
cord and died April 2, 1704. His wife Alice died
June 5, 1697. Their children included Elizabeth, who
in December, 1675, married Jonathan Prescott; Mary,
married Benjamin Graves, October 21, 1668; and
Daniel, who married (first) jNIary Stratton, (sec-
ond) Mary Lee. The Hoar family were among the
early bay colonists and some true conception of their
character may be had' by referring to a matter of
New England history, wherein it is recorded that
after the Indian massacre at Lancaster at the time of
King Philip's war. John Hoar, at the request of the
colonial authorities, followed the Indian band far
into the wilderness, and after great hardship and the
exercise of great ingenuity, recovered by ransom
Mrs. Rowlandson, a lady captive from Lancaster.
Her account of her ransom is published. The rock

where she was redeemed is situated in .

close bv the base of Wachusett Mountain, and has
I

been marked by the senator with a suitable inscrio-
tion. ^

(III) Daniel Hoar, son of John, born about
1655, married, July 19, 1677, Mary Stratton, and
October 16, 1717, Mary Lee. By these marriages the
lollowmg children were born: John. October "4
1678; Leonard, a captain, died April, 1771, ag"ed
eighty-seven years, in Brainfield, where a part of the
desceiidants now reside— some having taken the name
ol Homer; Daniel, 16S0, married Sarah Jones-
Jonathan, died at the Castle, October 26, 1702-
Joseph died at sea, 1707; Benjamin; Mary,' March
14, 1689, died June 10, 1702; Samuel, April 6,
1691; David, November 14, 1698; Isaac, May 18
1695; Elizabeth, February 22, 1701. '

(IV) Daniel Hoar, son of Daniel (3) and great-
grandson of the ancestor, born 1680, inarried Sarah
Jones, daughter of John and Sarah Jones, December
20, 1705, lived in southeastern part of Concord
where he died February 8, 1773, aged ninety-three
years. Their children were: John, born January
b, 1707; he was twice married. Jonathan, born
January 6, 1707 (twin brother of John), graduated
at Harvard College, 1740; was an officer in the
provincial service during the war of 1744 to 1763.
In 1755 he went as a major to Fort Edward; the
next year was a lieutenant-colonel in Nova Scotia,
and an aide to Major-General Winslow at Crown
Point. After the peace of 1763 he went to England
and was appointed governor of Newfoundland and
neighboring provinces, but unfortunately died on his
passage thither, aged fifty-two years. Daniel, en-
tered Harvard College, 1730, but did not graduate;
he married Rebecca Brooks, November 2, 1743, and
removed to Westminster, where he died, leaving two
sons and two daughters. Lucy, married John
Brooks. Elizabeth, married a Mr. Whittemore of
West Cambridge. :\Iary, married Zachariah Whitte-
more.

(V) John Hoar, born January 6, 1707, married
in Lexington, June 13, 1734, Esther Pierce, by
whom he had two children. She died and he married,
August 21, 1740, in Watertowni, Elizabeth Cooledge.
He died in Lincoln. Massachusetts, May 16. 1786,
and his widow died March 20, 1791. He lived suc-
cessively in Lexington, Watertown and again in
Lexington and Lincoln. It is not quite clear when
he first came to Lexington. lie was taxed for a per-
sonal and realty in 1729, and had a seat assigned him
in the meeting house in 1731, when they reseated
the house. He was a member of the school committee
in 1743. He subsequently filled the offices of con-
stable, assessor and selectman. His home was in that
part of Lexington set ofif to Lincoln in 1754. His
children were: Rebecca, born in Lexington, July i,
1735, married, May 6, 1755. Joseph CiUler; Esther,
born in Watertown, January 28, 1739, married Ed-

WORCESTER COUNTY

mond Bowman, 1760; John, born in Lexington, July
14, 1741, died young; Samuel, born at Lexington,
August 23, 1743; Elizabeth, born in Lexington,
October 14, 1746; Mary, born in Lexington, October
5, 1750, died young; Sarah, born in Lincohi, June
9, 1755 married Nehemiah Abbot ; Leonard, born
in Lincoln, June 29, 1758, was twice married ; Re-
becca, born in Lincoln, October 18, 1761, married
Joseph White, Lancaster; Mary, born June 17, 1764,
married Thomas Wheeler, March 27, 1788; Joseph,
born July 30, 1767.

(VI) Samuel Hoar, son of John (5), born in
Lexington, Massachusetts, August 23, 1743, was an
important man in Lincoln ; he frequently represented
his town in the house of representatives, and was
a state senator from Middlesex county, Massachu-
setts, from 1813 to 1816. He married Susanna
Pierce, by whom he had ten children — five of each
sex.

(VII) Samuel Hoar, eldest son of Samuel (6),
born May 18, 1778, graduated at Harvard College,
1802, received the degree of LL. D., 1838. He taught
school in Virginia two years, and was admitted to
the Massachusetts bar in 1805. He was an eminent
lawyer, contemporary with Choate, Mason and
Daniel Webster. He frequently represented the town
of Lincoln in the Massachusetts legislature, was a
senator from the county of Middlesex from 1813 to
181 6, and was elected to congress for the years
1835-37-44. The legislature of Massachusetts sent
him to South Carolina to test the constitutionality
of certain acts authorizing the imprisonment of free
colored persons held as prisoners in that state. By
order of the governor of South Carolina, he was
forcibly ejected from the state and compelled to
leave before fulfilling his mission, but acquitted him-
self manfully throughout the entire case. He was a
man of marked character and standing. He died
at Concord, Massachusetts, November 2, 1856. He
married Sarah, youngest daughter of Roger Sher-
man, of Connecticut, who was one of the signers of
the Declaration of Independence ; one of the framers
of the United States Constitution; judge, and later
United States senator, and mayor of New Haven
until his death. The children of Samuel and Sarah
(Sherman) Hoar were: Elizabeth, born July 14,
1814; Ebenezer Rockwood, February 21, 1816; Sarah
Sherman, November 9, 1817; Samuel Johnson, Feb-
ruary 4, 1820, died 1821 ; Edward Sherman, Decem-
ber 22. 1823, graduate of Harvard College, 1844;
George Frisbie, August 29, 1826.

(VIII) Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar, eldest son of
Samuel and Sarah (Sherman) Hoar, born February
21, 1816, graduated at Harvard College, 1835, and in
1839 began the practice of law in Concord, Massachu-
setts, and aside from representing his native county in
the state senate was, in 1849, made judge of the court
of common pleas. In 1859 he was appointed a justice
of the supreme court of Massachusetts, and in Gen-
eral U. S. Grant's administration was appointed
attorney general of the United States in March,
1869. In 1871 he was high commissioner of the
Washington treaty, and a member of congress from
Massachusetts from 1873 to 1875.

(VIII) George Frisbie Hoar, son of Samuel and
Sarah (Sherman) Hoar, born in Concord, Massa-
chusetts, August 29, 1826. The scenes of his boy-
hood were cast in pleasant places, midst fine influ-
ences, all calculated to unfold the germ of the true
life to be enacted. After his common school days at
Concord he entered Harvard College, graduating
in 1846. He chose the honorable profession of law
for his calling in life, fitting himself in Harvard
Law School and in the law office of Judge Thomas
in Worcester. He was admitted to the bar in 1849
and at once began the practice of his profession in

Worcester, which city has ever since claimed him
as one of her most honored citizens. Among his
legal associates were Hon. Emery Washburn and
later with Hon. Charles Dcvens and J. Henry Hill,
Esq. Mr. Hoar rapidly rose to a very eminent rank
in his profession. The native genius of his mind,
well disciplined by a thorough educational training,
and augmented by an uncommon energy, he steadily
moved forward and became a recognized leader. In
1869, when he entered congress, after twenty years
at the bar, his legal practice was the largest of any
west of Middlesex county and the most valuable in
a financial point of view.

It was in 1849 when George F. Hoar first en-
tered the political arena as the chairman of the Free-
Soil party for Worcester county, where the party
was the best organized of any county in the United
States. When he was twenty-five years of age, in
1851, he was elected as a representative to the gen-
eral court of Massachusetts. He was the youngest
member in that body, but became the leader of the
constitution in law matters and to him was given
the task of drawing resolutions protesting against
the compromise measures of the National govern-
ment in 1850. He had so far advanced in political
life that he could have succeeded Hon. Charles
Allen in congress, but he would not listen to the call
made by his friends to enter congress as it would
be to put politics ahead of law — his chosen pro-
fession. Had he at that time entered the con-
gressional field, he would no doubt have been among
the foremost in civil war and reconstruction periods.
He would not go to congress, but did not refuse to
serve in the state legislature, which was pressed
upon him. In 1857 he was a member of the senate
and chairman of the judiciary committee. In that
body he made a masterly report. He was always
ready to make campaign speeches, and but few ad-
vanced more thorough, extended and logical ar-
guments.

In 1868 Mr. Hoar was elected a representative
in congress (Republican) as the successor of the
late Hon. John D. Baldwin. In this, the forty-first
congress, he was a member of the committee on
education and labor and his chief work was the
preparation and advocacy of the bill for national
education. The bill did not pass in that session,
and Mr. Hoar reported it in the next, and finally in
the forty-third congress it passed by the house but
failed in the senate. In the same congress he
vindicated General Howard and supported Sumner
in his opposition to General Evarts' scheme of an-
nexation of Santo Domingo. As a member of the
election committee in the forty-second congress, he
drew the bill and had much to do along this line.
In the following congress he made his famous
eulogy on Senator Sumner. He was instrumental
in passin.g the Ead's jetty bill, and thus was opened
up the New Orleans ocean commerce line. But
perhaps of more importance than all was his con-
nection with the electorial commission bill, he be-
ing associated with General Earfield, Judge Abbott,
of Massachusetts, and Payne, of Ohio. In 1872
and again in 1874 Mr. Hoar had made known his
desire to retire to private life, but each time felt
his duty was in serving, because his state de-
manded it.

In 1876 his resolve to not be a candidate again
for re-election was announced as final, and the 1.
people elected his successor; but the next Massa- ||
chusetts legislature chose Mr. Hoar to succeed Mr. '
Boutwell as United States senator, and he took his
seat March 4, 1877, at the beginning of President
Hayes' administration. Here he rapidly rose in the
scale and dignity of a true American diplomat and
statesman. He became chairman of many important

WORCESTER COUNTY

committees, including that of privik-gcs antl claims
and on judiciary. He was author of the bill for
distributing the balance of the Geneva Award ; the
Lawell bankruptcy bill ; the presidential succession
bill, tenure of office act, bureau of labor statistics
and many others. The most of his time in the
house and United States senate was spent in work-
ing for bills, laws and measures of large scope and
wide range, leaving others less competent than him-
self to discharge their duties in maltirs of not so
nuich real importance to the great and growing
nation.

In 1883 and 18S9, he was re-elected to his seat
in the senate. To have been elected by the legislature
so many times by a unanimous vote of its members
was a new record for Massachusetts, and only be-
spoke of merit for him of whom this brief memoir is
compiled, giving him a rank along with Charles
Sumner and Daniel Webster, who were in the saine
office, and as a cotemporary with Samuel Hoar, his
father. His voice has been heard in the national
halls of legislation for thirty-five years, and he
served as United States senator twenty-seven years
of this period, his service being as long if not longer
than any American of our time.

Mr. Hoar has four times served as the chairman
of the Massachusetts Republican State Convention.
In 1880 he was president of the National Convention
at Chicago, by which General Garfield was made
presidential nominee. In his deliberations upon
that occasion he proved his masterly fitness as a
leader of great bodies of great men in exciting,
eventful history-making times. In l8g8 President
McKinley tendered him the ambassadorship to Lon-
don, but on account of his extreme age and desiring
to further serve in the senate, he respectfully de-
clined. He enjoyed travel, especially in Europe.
From his first visit to England in i860, he has made
trips as follows: 1860-68-71-92-96-99. He was a
member of the Worcester Fire Society for fifty
years. This society was formed in 1793, and was
limited to a membership of thirty persons ; it has
come to be a social and historical body of much
interest.

In 1903 Senator Hoar wrote and had published
what is known by its title, "Autobiography of Sev-
enty Years." It is a neat and well written detailed
account of his own life. It embraces two volumes,
and is dedicated to his wife and children — -"a record
of a life which they made happy," he says in its
dedication. One paragraph in his introduction of
this work reads : "The lesson I have learned in
life,' which is impressed more deeply as I grow old,
is the lesson of Good Will and Good Hope. I be-
lieve that to-day is better than yesterday . and that
tomorrow will be better than to-day. I believe that
in spite of so many errors and wrongs and even
crimes, my countrymen of all classes desire what
is good and not what is evil."

While much of his time for more than one-third
of a century has been in Washington, yet has Wor-
cester felt the touch of his influence and life. He
was the prime mover in establishing a free public
library in this city. He materially aided in placing
the Polytechnic Institute on solid foundation. He
■was a great friend and help to Clark University.
He was trustee of the Leicester Academy and first
president of St. Wulstan Society, at Worcester. He
also was instrumental in founding the Worcester
Art Society and Worcester Club. He was an hon-
orary member of the Worcester Mechanics' Asso-
ciation. He was the oldest member at the time of
his decease of any save two of the American Anti-
quarian Society, and was an honorary member of
the Worcester Society of Antiquity, as well as
active in the ^lassachusetts Historical Society. He

was chairman of the public preservation committee
of Massachusetts, and heljjed to mark permanentlv
the old revolutionary landmarks by proper stones
tablets, etc. He bought the old house in whicli
had lived General Rufus Putnam, at Rutland, and
made it a permanently preserved historic relic of
revolutionary times.

That the effect of his noble impulses and the
care and consideration he always gave to the help-
less and oppressed be not lost sight of, it should here
be given as an illustration of this marked trait of
his character, what relates to the early abolition
days, when he, a young lawyer practicing in Wor-
cester, helped to defend a person from mob violence.
It was the case wherein a slave "kidnapper" during
the "fifties" was arrested and tried in Worcester,
but finally allowed to depart, with the promise of
never reiurning. Many colored people here and
many more radical abolitionists felt justice had not
been meted out to him, and had it not been for
young George F. Hoar and his associates he would
have been violently mobbed. While Mr. Hoar was
a life long friend and helper of the colored race,
he did not believe in the theory of mob law. He
ever took deep interest in the freedmen of the south
and gave liberally toward their educational insti-
tutions, believing, as he did, that education would
sooner or later solve the race problem.

One more recent act of his great kindness was
seen in securing the discharge of two small .\ssyrian
girls, who accompanied their mother to this country
from Assyria in 1901 to be with the head of the
family who had been here several years and de-
clared his intention of becoming a citizen in Wor-
cester. Before landing at Boston harbor the o-ISicers
discovered that one of the little girls was afflicted
wnth a disorder of the eye known as trachoma and
considered incurable in adults and contagious. They
under the law, were ordered not to land on our
shores and to return at once to their native coun-
try. The family was poor, the father a hard work-
ing citizen of Worcester, and the mother was to be
thus ruthlessly torn from the two idols of her heart.
The various officials tried in vain to evade the ex-
isting law, but were thwarted. The steamer which
was to take the little girls back was to sail the
next day, but through the interposition of Senator
Hoar, whose son Rockwood made the facts known
to him, finally through a touching telegram to
President Roosevelt, secured a peremptory order of
release of the children, and they were brought to
Worcester, cared for and soon cured. When the
kindhearted president visited Worcester, a few-
months later, he wished to see them and they met
him at Senator Hoar's residence, where all parties
were pathetically touched by the scene. It is small
deeds that introduce to us great characters and
tender hearts, such as was that of both Senator
Hoar and President Roosevelt. Soon tliereafter
Senator Hoar had the law so amended that such a
proposed hardship could not again exist in this
country through "red tape."

While he of whom we write had his political
enemies — and within his own party — perhaps no
other man has been in public life so many years and
made so few enemies, and even those who opposed
his position were at all times personally his friends.
In the part he took in opposing the action of the
present Republican administration policy regarding
the Philippine Island question.^ — one where he crossed
swords politically with many of our brainiest
statesmen — all, even President McKinley himself,
knew of and respected his manly independent stand
as a.gainst popular opinion. McKinley was of a
different opinion regarding a vexed question, but
personally was one of Senator Hoar's warmest

WORCESTER COUNTY

friends. In Mr. Hoar's Autobiography, he says :
"It has been my ill fortune to differ with my party
many times." One such occasion was when he
bluntly said to McKinley, "you cannot maintain a
Despotism in Asia and a 1-lepubIic in America."
The man with no opposers has accomplished little
and has made but few friends, but he who in the
pride and spirit of his manhood advocates the right,
as he sees the right, and not from policy, is sure
to accomplish what is demanded of a well rounded
character, whether in politics, social or private life.
Senator fioar was broad-minded, scholarly and
patriotic in all he said and sought to accomplish.
Of his domestic relations it may be stated that
in 1853 he married Mary Louisa Spurr, daughter
of Samuel D. Spurr, who conducted a dry goods
house in Worcester, kept in a large two-story brick
block on the north corner of Main and Central
streets. Near it stood a large two-story frame
house, which was the residence of Mr. Spurr. Mrs.
,Hoar at her death left two children, a daughter
Mary, and a son Rockwood, who graduated from
Harvard College in 1876, and was elected district
attorney for Worcester county in 1899, serving until
January i, 1905. In the autumn of 1904 he was
elected to a seat in congress as the nominee of the
Republican party for his district. For his second
wife Senator Hoar married Ruth Ann, daughter of
the late Henry W. Miller, of Worcester. She died
about a year in advance of her husband. Finally
the end came and he who had been styled "the
grand old man" was claimed by the death mes-
senger and the spirit took its flight at his home in
Worcester, September 30, 1904. He was a firm
believer in the Unitarian faith, and was identi-
fied with that church many years. His funeral w-as
attended by one of the largest concourse of people
ever seen in the commonwealth on such a sad oc-
casion. His remains now repose in Sleepy Hollow
cemetery, at the place of his birth.

ROCKWOOD HOAR, late congressman from
the third congressional district, was the only son
of the late Senator George F. Hoar. While the best
wishes of the friends of the honored sire always fol-
lowed the son, while the ability and character of the
father seemed to be in large measure inherited by the
son, Mr. Hoar won his own spurs. He gained his
election because he had evinced the capacity essential
to represent this district in congress, because he was
one of the most accomplished lawyers in his native
city, because his record as district attorney deserved
endorsement and commendation. He demonstrated
an unprecedented popularity when a candidate for
office. His vote for district attorney showed increas-
ing strength at the polls every time he ran. His
friends took an unqualified pride in his career.

Rockwood Hoar was born in Worcester, August
24, 1855, and always lived there. He fitted for col-
lege in the Worcester public schools. He graduated
at Harvard College in the class of 1876 and entered
the law school. He received the degree of LL. B.
in 1878 and A. M. in 1879. He was admitted to the
bar in 1879 and immediately began to practice in
the law office of his father, which was then shared
by Colonel A. George Bullock, president of the State
Mutual Life Insurance Company, at present, and the
Hon." Thomas L. Nelson, late justice of the United
States district court. In 1884 he was appointed
assistant district attorney for the middle district of
Massachusetts, a district which includes the city
and county of Worcester. He was assistant while
Colonel W. S. B. Hopkins was district attorney until
1888. In i8gg he was elected district attorney of
the middle district and served until January, 1905.
He was thus closely identified with the administra-

tion of justice in this county for twenty years. He
had an excellent general practice, but his reputation
as a lawyer and public official depended chiefly on
his record in the district attorney's office as assistant
and as chief. It would be difficult to find anywhere
a man who had shown more sympathy for the un-
fortunate, combined with absolute faithfulness to
his duty as prosecuting officer. No district at-
torney of Worcester county showed more discriminat-
ing judgment in performing his office. His ideal
seemed to be, not the one of securing convictions at
any cost, but to see justice done and the spirit of the
law executed in good faith.

The detective officers of the district have a high
reputation for intelligence and thoroughness in the
pe-rfurmance of their duties. By a careful and sys-
tematic preparation and supervision of important
criminal cases, Mr, Hoar was able to thoroughly
master the questions at issue and to ascertain in
advance what disposition should be made of them.
He rarely lost cases in which he went to trial. The
counsel for defendants soon learned that his recom-
mendations to the court were carefully considered
by the presiding judge and that they could obtain
the best results for their clients by submitting to
his careful and sympathetic judgment and to his
recognition and frank endorsement of all that could
fairly be said in favor of the defendant. The first
trial in Massachusetts upon an indictment for mur-
der in the second degree was conducted by him and
the indictment sustained by the supreme judicial
court. The murder trials conducted by him were
held without the expensive relays of stenographers,
which had so largely increased the expense of these
trials in earlier days. His cases were promptly
and vigorously presented.

Shortly after he was elected district attorney he
became convinced that the probation system was in
line with modern methods and a means of making
the law more efficient. In 1900 he secured the ap-
pointment of Colonel James M. Drennan as proba-
tion officer for the superior court. Under this
system about one hundred cases annually are taken
on probation by Colonel Drennan. That means
about a third of the cases presented to the court
that would eventually come to trial. This policy
gives the first offender a chance to reform and avoid
a criminal career. The harsh and indiscriminate
treatment of criminals has been found to defeat the
very purpose of criminal law, and manufacture and
harden criminals rather than to teach them a lesson.
First offenders in all the more serious crimes, as
for instances boys who have committed theft, burg-
lary or embezzlement, have been put in the care of
the probation officer. Of the four hundred and
twenty-five cases put on probation during Mr. Hoar's
term as district attorney, only a very few have
proved to be second offenders. The probation system
is not only humane and reasonable, but it is a Chris-
tian and philosophical way to teach men who have
erred to keep straight, to demonstrate that the law
of nur times is not provided as an instrument of
vengeance, but merely to protect society and to
correct the criminal himself. What The Worcester
S/^v said of Mr. Hoar when he was elected dis-
trict attorney is very fitting at the close of his service
as he enters upon a new career in the public service :
"In all his official acts, Mr. Hoar has been scrupu-
lously painstaking, no matter what degree of im-
portance was attached to them and his tenure of the
office of assistant district attorney was characterized
by a measure of success that augurs well for a satis-
factory administration of the department with him
as chief."

He held many other positions of honor and
trust. He was a member of the common council in

'C^i>LK^ <^x^xzL^k^^x.^j^

WORCESTER COUNTY

Worcester from 1887 to 1891, inclusive, being presi-
dent the last-named year. These were important
years in the municipal history of Worcester, and
Wr. Hoar was always useful and energetic. He was
a private in the jNIassachusetts Concord Artillery
Company, Company C, Fifth Regiment, Massachu-
setts Volunteer JNIilitia, from 1875 to 187S. He was ap-
pointed aide-de-camp on the staff of Governor Oliver
Ames and served from 1887 to 1890 with the rank
of colonel. He was appointed judge advocate gen-
eral on the staff of Governor Roger VVolcott in 1897
and served four years, acting as president of the
military board of officers, having charge of the
equipment of the ^Massachusetts troops in the war
of 1S98 with Spain. He had the rank of brigadier-
general. He was known by all the prominent men
of the state, and well liked by his associates in
office. He was a director of the Worcester Trust
Company. He was formerly a director of the Wash-
burn & Moen Manufacturing Company before it
was absorbed by the American Steel & Wire Co.
He was a trustee of Clark University. He was
for twenty years a trustee of the Worcester Insane
Hospital, having in charge also the Worcester In-
sane Asylum, both institutions being a part of the
state system for the care and cure of the insane.
He received his appointments from successive gov-
ernors. He always took great personal interest in
the development and conduct of these hospitals.

He was a member of the Grafton Country Club,
Tatnuck Country Club and the Worcester Club, but
too busy to take advantage of his privileges often.
His recreations were golfing, driving and hunt-
ing. He was a lover of good horses. He
took an occasional hunting trip in New Hamp-
shire, but he followed in a general way the
old fashioned devotion to his home and
his office more closely than most of his professional
brethren. He was a member of the parish committee
of the Church of the Unity, of which his mother
was a charter member, and which his father attended
from the time of his coming to Worcester till his
death. He was one of the most prominent laymen
in the Unitarian church in the state, and an active
and enthusiastic participant in all concerning the
welfare of the Church of the Unity. i\lr. Hoar
occupied the modest house at Washington which his
father purchased about a year before he died.

He would have been an interesting figure among
the new congressmen, partly because of the prom-
inence of his father, partly because of his having
redeemed the third congressional district by a sub-
stantial majority. His was a district where a Democrat
was elected to congress for three successive terms
and in a year when a Democratic governor was
elected in Massachusetts (1904), he was elected to
congress, the vote of his district standing : Rock-
wood Hoar, Republican, 17,796 ; John B. Ratigan,
Democrat, 10,617; John W. Brown, Socialist, 733.
Incidentally it may be noted that never before in
the history of the government has a father in the
senate been followed upon his death by a son in the
house of representatives. His grandfather, Samuel
Hoar, his uncle. Judge E. Rockwood Hoar, and
Judge Hoar, son of Sherman Hoar, were prominent
i\Iassachusetts congressmen.

He married, June i, 1893, Christine Rice, daugh-
ter of William E. Rice, of Worcester, Massachusetts.
(See Skttch of Rice Family and William E. Rice.)
^Irs. Hoar is well fitted for her social duties at
Washington by training and personal attractiveness.
At the recent visit of President Roosevelt to Wor-
cester he was the guest of Mr. and Mrs. Hoar, at
their charming home at 16 Hammond street. Their
children are: Frances Helen, born November 24,
1895; Louisa Ruth, born August 22, 1898.

.•\t the close of the last se>sion of congress he came
home greatlj' fatigued and almost immediately started
on a European trip in search of rest, accompanied by
members of his immediate family, and although the
trip proved restful, the severe strain to which he
had been subjected, had laid the foundations for a
disease of the brain which finally terminated his
life. Soon after reaching Worcester on his return
from Europe, he placed himself under the care of
his family physician, and all that was possible for
human hands to do, was done to save his life, but
he passed away on Thursday evening, November i,
1906, at his home. No. 34 Oak avenue, Worcester,
in the same house in which his father died.

SALISBURY FAMILY. The earliest rec-
ord of the Salisbury family goes back into the
history of Great Britain, and it is very likely that
the family had ancestors in Wales. From family
records and those of Suffolk county, Massachusetts,
it is clear that John Salisbury, who came to Boston
between 1630 and 1640, was the founder of the
family in America. But little can be learned of his
history either on this side or beyond the seas. It
is certain that he was a Boston ta.xpayer in Suffolk
county, JNIassachusetts, in 1689; that he was among
"The List of Inhabitants in Boston," 1695 ; and that
he died in 1702.

(I) John Salisbury, earliest known at Boston,

married first, Annabel , and (second)

Bridget Williams, from whom were children, includ-
ing Nicholas and James (twins), born August 20,
1094; Nicholas was baptized in the Second Church
of Boston, John was styled in the Suffolk county
probate records as "late of Boston, a marriner,''
generally understood in those early days to mean a
sea captain.

(II) Nicholas Salisbury, son of John and
Bridget (Williams) Salisbury (i), born August 20,
1694, was a mere boy at the time of his father's
death. Little of positive record can be had of the
career of Nicholas, who was described as a "Mer-
chant" in the Boston records, but that he grew to
manhood and married Martha Saunders, and to
them were born Elizabeth, Sarah and Stephen. The
date of the marriage of Nicholas and Martha was
October i, 1724, and tradition says "he fell in love
with her at first sight, at tUe Old South Church in
Boston." Her father was Josiah Saunders, who in
the records was described as "Marriner" (sea cap-
tain). Martha's mother was Rebekah Eldridge.
whose brother John left a legacy of eight thousand
pounds sterling to "My Sister and all her daughters
and their children in New England." In the will of
Nicholas Salisbury, April 4, 1748, he is called "shop-
keeper." He gave three hundred pounds sterling
to his son Stephen, and the balance of his estate left
at the time of his wife's decease. He also gave "My be-
loved brother Benjamin" one hundred pounds ster-
ling or its equivalent. "Viewed in the light of what
was the true fact, and what transpired in later years
in connection with the Salisburys' standing and
worth as men of means and integrity of character,
the following copied from the proceedings of the
selectmen of Boston, at a meeting held July 9, 1711,
is amusing: "Ordered that Nicholas Salisbury, who
belongs to Charlestown and came lately to our Town
to dwell, be notified to appear before the Selectmen
with security or depart out of our Town." In ex-
planation of this it should be stated that it was then
the law and custom in New England to require se-
curity of all newcomers, this being for a twofold
purpose ; first, to insure the town against people
who might be paupers or liable to be a financial
burden; and second, to make sure of the religious and
political loyalty of the newcomer before admitting

WORCESTER COUNTY

him as a citizen who should have their protection,
and who should walk and live in harmony with
them.

(III) Stephen Salisbury came to Worcester in
1707 to establish a branch house for Samuel and
Stephen Salisbury, of Boston, his partner being an
elder brother. He was born in Boston, September
25, 1746, the son of Nicholas and Ivlartha (Saun-
ders) Salisbury. The above firm were importers of
hardware and kindred goods from England and the
West Indies. Worcester proved a favorable centre
for a large country trade, then numbering about one
thousand people. Tbe Salisburys imported their
own merchandise, and hence could ati'ord to sell
almost as cheaply in Worcester as in Boston. When
Mr.^ Salisbury first moved to Worcester, political
affairs were engaging the attention of the people,
and the trouble with the mother country was be-
coming more and more serious. Here controversies
had become more acute than in most places, for here
lived numbers of obstinate Tories, as well as many
who were fearless defenders of the colonial rights.
Mr. Salisbury early took his stand with the patriots
He accepted no office, but his name frequently ap-
pears m town records as being on committees to
prepare resolutions against some act of tyranny. He
bought a large farm to the northward of the city,
and his place of business was at Lincoln Square. To
the east of the front door of his "mansion" was
the counting-room and salesroom. Until well ad-
vanced in life his mother presided over his house-
hold.^ January 31, 1797, after his mother's death, he
married Elizabeth Tuckerman, daughter of Edward
and Elizabeth Tuckerman, of Boston. By this mar-
riage one son was born— Stephen, March 8, 1798 A
daughter, Elizabeth T., was born in 1800, died in
1803, and a son, Edward Tuckerman, born in 1803
died in 1809. Mr. Salisbury died May 11, 18 V
eighty-four years of age. "His figure was slight and
very graceful, and it is said that his face was very
handsome, and he retained a complexion of youth-
ful freshness until the end of his life." His pastor
and friend, Rev. _ Dr. Aaron Bancroft, described him
as a "just man." He was an original member of
the famous Worcester Fire Society, organized Jan-
uary 21, 1793, and continued an associate until July
6, 1801. A part of the above facts have been gleaned
from writings of his contemporaries, each and all
plainly verifying all that is here claimed as to the
sterling qualities of his manly character,

(IV) Stephen Salisbury was born at Lincoln
Square, in the city of Worcester, IMassachusetts,
March 8, 1798, at the old Salisbury mansion, erected
by his father Stephen, who came from Boston to
Worcester m 1767 and built the above residence in
1770, in which he dwelt for the remainder of his
days. Stephen Salisbury obtained his primary
education at the Old Centre district school
prepared for college at the Leicester Acad-
emy, and graduated with honors from Harvard Uni-
versity in the class of 1817, celebrated for what its
members accomplished after they went forth to
the actual work of their lives. Among them were
Hon. George Bancroft, Hon. Caleb Cushing, Pro-
fessor Alva Woods and George B. Emerson. He
studied law under Hon. Samuel M. Burnside, and
was admitted to practice at the Massachusetts bar,
but owing to his extensive local interests never en-
tered actively into the practice of the legal pro-
fession, though a well read and highly capable at-
torney. His own business interests kept his time
fully occupied, but his legal schooling was of lasting
benefit to him in after life. While he never sought
office, he yielded to the calls of his fellow-citizens,
and served in various prominent positions, all of
which he filled with a most thorough completeness.

Among the places of trust thus accepted by him
were those of selectman, 1839; representative in the
general court of Massachusetts, 1838-39; senator,
1846-47, and alderman during the first year Wor-
cester was an organized city, 1848. In i860 and
again in 1872 he was elected presidential elector
from his state. As early as 1840 the records show
he was an active member of the American Anti-
quarian Society, a member of its council from Octo-
ber, 1853, and president in 1854, continuing as such
for more than thirty years. He was the third presi-
dent of the Worcester Free Public Library, and
served from 1864 to 1865, and again from 1868 to
1872, inclusive. He generously contributed toward
the reading rooms connected with this library. He
was also a member of the Massachusetts Historical
Society. The d«gree of Doctor of Laws was con-
ferred on him by Harvard University in 1875. He
was overseer of the University for two full terms
from 1871 to 1883. He was also a conspicuous figure
in the history of the Worcester Free Institute, now
the Polytechnic Institute; was its first president, an
office which he held until his death in 18S4; he gave
the valuable land on which the buildings stand,
and contributed liberally to the support of the in-
stitution.

In reviewing his many responsible financial
trusts it is found that from 1845, when Hon. Daniel
Waldo died, for more than thirty-nine years he
served as president of the Worcester Bank, and was
for fifty-two years one of the directors, being first
elected in 1832. He also held the office of president
of the Worcester County Institution for Savings for
a quarter of a century, resigning in 1871. He was
made a director of the Worcester & Nashua Railroad
at the date of its organization in 1845, and was its
president from 1850 to 1851. At Lincoln Square he
built the factory long known as "Court Mills," for
the manufacture of farm implements, and when
the site was needed for other purposes he built for
the Ames Plow Company (which had succeeded to
the business of the earlier partnership), a large fac-
tory on Prescott street. He built the first wire-mill
on Grove street, and enlarged the works to adapt
them to the expanding business, finally selling the
site to the Washburn & Moen Manufacturing Com-
pany. He built other large factories on Union
street.

While busy with a multitude of cares, he neg-
lected not the weightier matters. He was identified
as a member of the Second Parish Unitarian Church,
in which he ever took a deep interest. In all of his
relations he was .every inch a man, honored and
trusted by a wide circle of friends throughout the
coninionwealth. Whether he be viewed from a social,
religious, civic, or financial point of view, he always
showed a full, well rounded character — a genuine
type of American citizenship. His personal manner
was genial, courteous and obliging to a marked de-
gree.^ His own interests were always gauged by the
best interests of his friends and neighbors. He was
a well-read gentleman, deeply versed in historical
and antiquarian lore, art and literature, in vifhich he
took great delight, with the added years of his
busy, eventful life.

During his latter years he accomplished much
for the substantial improvement of the northern por-
tion of his home city, aiding very materially in
building up a great manufacturing centre. He built
the spacious business block on Lincoln Square, and
in 1837 his residence on Highland street. His
father's ancient "mansion" in which he was born,
presents at this writing about the same homelike
appearance that it did a century ago, when it was
occupied by a trustworthy loyal revolutionary
patriot.

C^^Ttfi^

^2yU/f^c>^ ^c/c'/-^

Z<^xy

WORCESTER COUNTY

Of his domestic relations it may be said that no
more affectionate husband or loving parent ever
graced a Massachusetts home and fireside. His
first wife, to whom he was married November 7,
1833, was Rebekah Scott Dean, of Charlestown, New
Hampshire, who died July 24, 1843, leaving as their
only child, Stephen Salisbury, Jr. He next married
Nancy Hoard, widow of Captain George Lincoln,
who died September 4, 1852. In 1855 he married
Mary Grosvenor, widow of Hon. Edward D. Bangs,
former secretary of state for Massachusetts; she
died September 25, 1864. He died August 24, 1884,
in his eighty-seventh year. In the language of one
who had long known him, "He was a considerate
gentleman of the old school type, a model of which
this generation has none too many imitators." At
his funeral the Rev. Andrew P. Peabody, DD.,
LL. D., used for his text, "We all do fade as a
leaf." With his demise a generous property passed
to his only child, Stephen Salisbury, Jr., a consid-
erable portion of this property being composed of
farm lands lying in close proximity to the business
portion of the city of Worcester. The son, with
wise business discretion, erected many dwellings,
factories and business blocks thereon, thereby con-
tributing greatly to the growth and prosperity of the
city, and a proportionate increase in valuation to
the estate.

(V) Hon. Stephen Salisbury is one whose name
is familiar to every citizen of Worcester, who has
any knowledge of the city and its principal institu-
tions. His local pride has been evidenced by his
many generous acts for the public welfare, and it
is justly to be said that scarcely any undertaking
of magnitude has been attempted during recent years
without his co-operation, directly or indirectly.

The only son of Stephen and Rebekah Scott
(Dean) Salisbury, he was born March 31, 1835, i"
Worcester, in one of the brick houses near the end
of Main street, opposite the court house. He began
his education in an infant school taught by Mrs.
Levi Heywood, on Main street. When six years old
he passed the winter of 1841-42 with his parents in
Savannah, Georgia. In the latter year he attended
the private school of Mrs. Jonathan Wood, at the
corner of Main and School streets, Worcester,
Massachusetts, and for a short time in 1844 was a
pupil in Jiliss Bradford's school in Boston. In
1845 he was a student in the grammar school under
Warren Lazell, later kept by C. B. iSIetcalf. until
1848, when he entered the Worcester High School,
then in charge of Nelson Wheeler. He matriculated
in Harvard College in 1852 and graduated there-
from in 1856 after completing the four years'
course. After his graduation he went to Berlin and
became a student in the Frederick William Uni-
versity. During the spring of 1857 he attended
lectures at the Ecole de Droit, in Paris. He spent
the summer and autumn with his classmates Rice
and Kinnicutt in England, Scotland and Ireland,
and late in the year visited Turkey, Asia Minor and
Greece, including a month's tour on horseback, ac-
companied by a guide. This trip gave hirn much
interesting and valuable information concerning the
country and customs of Greece. Aftervvard he re-
sumed his studies at Berlin, then re-visiting Paris,
and set out with his father's family upon a tour
covering portions of Italy, England. Scotland, Ire-
land and Wales. In December, 1858, after an ab-
sence of more than two years, he returned to Wor-
cester, and took up bookkeeping for a time as a
special study. He subsequently entered the law
otfice of Dewey and Williams as a student of law,
and in 1859 entered Harvard I>aw School. Two
years later he received the degree of Bachelor of
Laws, and was admitted to the bar in Worcester in

October, 1861. During the following winter months
he visited David Casares, a college classmate, in
Yucatan, where he made a study of the Maya In-
dians' ruins and monuments. In 1885 he traveled
through the same country and other portions of
Mexico and Cuba, re-examining some of the ruins
which he had seen on his former visit. In 1S88 he
again visited Europe, his tour including France,
Belgium, Holland and Spain. In Spain, especially,
he found much to interest him, as also in portions
of Portugal. He was also an extensive traveler in
his own country, and with his taste for the study of
history and natural history became possessed of a
large fund of useful knowledge, a review of which
he has given to American societies of historical
investigation.

Mr. Salisbury early entered into the responsi-
bilities of business life. In 1863 he became a
trustee of the State Mutual Life Assurance Com-
pany of Worcester. In 1865 he was chosen a director
of the Worcester National Bank, and after the death
of his father (in 1884) succeeded him in the presi-
dency. In 1877 he became a trustee and member
of the board of investment of the Worcester County
Institution for Savings, of which his father had
been president; and in 1882 he succeeded the late
Governor Alexander H. Bullock as its president.
He was also a director of the old Worcester &
Nashua and of the Boston, Barrc & Gardner Rail-
roads. He also gave much attention to public affairs,
In 1864, 1865 and 1866 he was a member of the
common council of Worcester, and president of the
board during his last term. In 1889 he was made
one of the commissioners of the sinking funds of
the city, and served in that capacity to the time of
his death, November 16, 1905. As a Republican he
represented the first Worcester district in the state
senate in 1893, 1894 and 1893, serving as cliairnian
of the committees on education, banks and banking,
and the committee on the treasury. In all these
various positions he displayed the qualities of the
well equipped man of affairs, and discharged every
trust with scrupulous fidelity.

Mr. Salisbury was conspicuously active and tise-
ful in his relation to many educational, historical
and charitable institutions, devoting to them not
only his service, but liberally of his means. He
was a prominent member of the Worcester Lyceum
and Natural History Association, vice president of
the Worcester Agricultural Society, a director of
the State Mutual Life Assurance Company, a trujtee
of Clark University from its founding in 1887 until
his death, and was at one time its treasurer. He was
also a trustee of Leicester Academy, and for ten
years served as treasurer of theMusic Hall Asso-
ciation, as well as one of its directors. He was
a trustee of the City Hospital at its incorporation
in 1S72, and secretary for eighteen years; trustee of
the Memorial Hospital, and secretary for ten years,
and vice president of St. Vincent Hospital. He was
also a trustee of Rural Cemetery, and secretary
of Hope Cemetery. Mr. Salisbury became a mem-
ber of the American Antiquarian Society in 1863,
a member of its council in 1874, vice-president in
1884. and in 18S7 was elected president, a position
which he occupied to the time of his death, and by
his will this society received about two hundred and
fifty thousand dollars and his library. In 1884 he
was elected a trustee of the Worcester Polytechnic
Institute, and president in 1895, to which institution
he recently gave three hundred thousand dollars.
He was a member of the faculty of the Peabody
Museum of Archaeology connected with Harvard
University; a member of the Massachusetts His-
torical Society, to which institution by his will he
gave five thousand dollars; a member of the Wor-

WORCESTER COUNTY

cester County Horticultural Society, and formerly
its president ; tlie American Geographical Society ;
the New England Historic Genealogical Society; the
Sociedad Mexicana de Geografia y Estadistica
and the Conscrvatorio Yucateco. In all of these he
ever maintained a deep and intelligent interest. His
writings include important papers on the people of
Yucatan and their arts, which he contributed to the
American Antiquarian Society. He also translated
several valuable papers from the German of Dr.
Valentine on the same and kindred subjects. In
1888 lie prepared and read an exhaustive paper on
'"Early Books and Libraries." JMr. Salisbury was
an accomplished linguist, and enjoyed a good speak-
ing knowledge of the Spanish and other languages.

Mr. Salisbury's public spirit was shown not only
by his interest in municipal and state affairs, but
his more tangible works show him to have had
at heart the beauty and convenience of the city.
Among his public benefactions may be further men-
tioned a building for the City Hospital, a laboratory
and electrical station for the Worcester Polytechnic
Institute ; eighteen acres of land bordering on
Salisbury Pond given to the city in 1887, and by
him named Institute Park; a lot of land to the
Worcester Society of Antiquity and contributions
to their building fund, and by will another lot of
land and five thousand dollars. In 1896 he gave
land for the Worcester Art Museum, and con-
tributed with other citizens funds for the erection
of a museum building and for the endowment of
the corporation, and by his will made that institu-
tion his residuary legatee. In 1899 he gave land
for a building for the Worcester Woman's Club,
which has been recently erected. In 1900 Mr. Salis-
bury built on the summit of Bancroft Hill, one of
the most prominent elevations in Worcester, a gate-
way of rough stone, known as Bancroft Tower,
which affords an excellent opportunity for observa-
tion. This has been opened to the public, together
with the grounds surrounding it.

It is unusual in any family for one generation to
succeed another during so long a period of time as
that between John Salisbury in 1640 and his repre-
sentative of the present day, without degeneration in
some instance. Of the Salisbury family it is to be
said that from the emigrant ancestor down the name
has been a synonym,, for industry, integrity, public-
spirit, and civic duties ably and faithfully performed.
Each bearer of the name, in his own generation, has
shown the faculty of making his work bear fruits
beneficial to the general welfare of his fellow-citi-
zens, and in no instance has he hesitated to devote
himself, intellect and means to these ends.

The late Mr. Salisbury never married. The
value of his estate at the time of his decease, which
at this writing has not been settled, has been by
estimate fi.xed at from three to four millions of
dollars.

WASHBURN FA^IILY. This name is derived
from two simple words — wash, which imples a swift
current of a stream, and burne (or bourne), signi-
fying a brook or small stream. It has been said of
this family, whose origin is in England, carrying a
coat-of-arms, that the posterity of John Washburn,
who was the first emigrant to locate in New Eng-
land in 1632, "will seldom find occasion to blush
upon looking back upon the past lives of those
from whom they have descended. Fortunate indeed,
may the generations now in being, esteem themselves,
if they can be sure to bequeath to their posterity
an equal source of felicitation."

In this illustrious family have been found some
of our nation's greatest characters, in public and
private life, including great lawyers, statesmen and

military men in all of the American wars. Maine,
Vermont, Massachusetts and Wisconsin have each
had governors from this Washburn family, and
three brothers served as congressmen from three
states at the same time, and all with much ability.
Authors and college graduates may be found to a
score or more, who have left their impress upon the
world. As manufacturers, they have excelled, and
wherever wire goods and wire fencing are known,
there is found the name Washburn as being pioneers
in this line.

(.1) John Washburn, the original immigrant,
who settled at Duxbury, Massachusetts, in 1632,

married Margery ■ , and by her was born

a son named John, of Bridgewater, who married in
1645 Eliza Mitchell. His father was secretary of
the Massadiusetts Bay Colony, and he, with his two
sons, John and Philip, were able to bear arms in
1643. The immigrant and his son John were among
the original fifty-four persons who became proprie-
tors of Bridgewater, Massachusetts, in 1645. They
bought the lands of the old Sachem Massasoit, for
seven coats of one and a half yards each, nine
hatchets, eight hoes, twenty knives, four moose
skins, ten and a half yards of cotton cloth. The
transfer was signed by ^liles Standish, Samuel Nash
and Constant Southworth.

(II) John Washburn was born in England,
1621, and his brother Philip at the same place in
1624. He died unmarried. John (II) and his wife
Eliza Mitchell had these children : John, married
Rebecca Lepham ; Thomas, married (first) Abigail
Leonard and (second) Deliverance Packard; Jo-
seph, married Hannah Latham; Samuel, married
Deborah Packard ; Jonathan, married ;\Iary
Vaughan ; Benjamin, died on the Phipps expedition
to Canada ; Mary, married Samuel Kingsley ; Eliza-
beth, married (first) James Howard and (second)
Edward Sealy ; Jane, married William Orcutt ;
James, married Mary Bowden ; Sarah, married John
Ames.

(III) Samuel Washburn, son of John (2), called
"Sergeant," was born in 1651 at Duxbury, Massa-
chusetts. He married Deborah Packard, by whom he
had six children, including Israel.

(IV) Israel Washburn, born at Bridgewater,
1684. married Waitstill Sumner in 1708, and had four
children — one named Israel.

(V) Israel Washburn, who settled at Rayn-
ham, was born August 11, 1718, and married Leah
Fobes. He was committeeman of "Inspection and
Safety" and captain of a train band, 1774, and served
a short time in the revolutionary war. His son
was Israel.

(VI) Israel Wahburn. son of Israel Washburn
(S), was born in 1775, and married a !Miss King in

1783. He served in the revolution and was at the
Lexington alarm. He served in the general court
and was a member of the constitutional convention.
He talked but little and made but one speech in
pubHc life. He died at Raynham, 1841. Of his
ten children Israel (VII) was one.

(VII) Israel Washburn, son of Israel (6), was
born at Raynham,' Massachusetts, November 18,

1784, died at Livermore, Maine, September i, 1876.
He went to Maine in 1806 and taught school for a
time and then engaged in ship and boat building. He
removed to Livermore in 1809 and bought a farm,
store and goods, and continued in trade until 1829.
This farm was later and is still known as the "Nor-
lands." He represented his "district of Maine" be-
fore it had been set off from Massachusetts, which
was in 1820. He served in 1815. 1816, 1818 and
1819. Toward the end of his life he was afflicted by
blindness and his friends used to read the news to
him, of which he never tired. He was great in

WORCESTER COUNTY

cheerfulness, rivaled Lincoln in story-telling and
could remember events well. It is said he could
name all congressmen and give the district to which
they belonged, when he himself had three sons in
congress.

His noble son, Hon. Elihu B., of Illinois fame,
wrote from Paris, when Minister to France, as
follows :

"This is the eighty-si.xth birthday of my father.
All hail to the glorious, great hearted, great headed,
noble old man ! In truth, the noblest Roman of them
all. How intelligent, how kind, how genial, how
hospitable, how true !"

This same worthy son had carved on his father's
monument at death, "He was a kind father and an
honest man." Passers by. to-day, may see this in
the cemetery overlooking the family place, "The
Norlands."

(Vni) Hon. Elihu B. Washburne, the only mem-
ber who still clung to the final "e" on his name,
was the son of Israel (7), born at Livermore,
Maine, September 23, 1816, and died at Chicago,
Illinois, October 22, 1887, aged seventy-one years.
In his early manhood, he taught school for ten dol-
lars per month and "boarded round." In 1836 he
entered Kents Hill Seminary, and in 1839 the Cam-
bridge Law School. In 1840 he moved to Illinois,
practicing law at Galena. In 1852 he was elected to a
seat in congress, continuing sixteen years, and upon
retirement was known as the "Watch Dog of the
U. S. Treasury" and also as "Father of the House."
He swore into office Schuyler Colfax and James G.
Blaine as speakers. To him and William Seward
alone did Abraham Lincoln confide the secret of
the runnnig of his train from Philadelphia to Wash-
ington, March, l86r, when Washburne had the tele-
graph wires cut, fearing trouble would ensue en route.
Both Seward and Washburne agreed to meet him
at the depot in Washington, but Washburne was the
only friend who did in fact meet him. He was a
constituent and admirer of General Grant, who
owed to him promotion to high office. In 1869 Grant
ottered him a place in his cabinet as secretary of
state, which he soon resigned and accepted the
office of Minister to France, and was there during
the trying days of the siege and commune, coinci-
dent with the Franco-Prussian war. He remained
there nearly nine years, and longer than any prede-
cessor. During the Andrew Johnson impeachment
trial, he was chairman of the house committee.

He married in 1845, Adele Gratiot, granddaugh-
ter of Stephen Hemslead, of Connecticut, a soldier
of the revolutionary war. She died March, 188/.
aged si.xty, her husband only surviving her until
October 22. Their son, Gratiot Washburne, was
graduated from the Highland Military Academy of
Worcester and from the Naval Academy at New-
port, Rhode Island. He was secretary of the United
States legation under his father in France, and was
one of four upon whom the French government be-
stowed the Cross of Legion of Honor for services
performed during the siege of Paris. He was
secretary of the American Exposition at London in
1886, and died suddenly in Kentucky.

(VIII) Governor Israel Washburn, son of Israel
(7), was born at Livermore, JIaine, June 6, 1813. He
was admitted to the bar in 1823. He was in the
legislature in 1842 and congressman from Maine
in the thirty-second, thirty-third, thirty-fourth,
thirty-fifth and thirty-sixth United States congresses
He was first a Whig and later a Republican. He
was elected governor of Maine in i860, and Lin-
coln made him collector of the port of Portland
in 1863. He was a literary man and also lectured
much. Fie married (first) Mary M. Webster and
(second) Robina Naper Brown, of Boston, in 1876.

He died May 12, 1883, at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
His son Israel was an officer in the Sixteenth
Maine Regiment during the civil war period.

(VIII) General C. C. Washburn, ex-Governor
of Wisconsin, was fully named Cadwallader Colden
Washburn. He was the son of Israel, born at
Livermore, j\laine, 1818. xie was a land survcyar.
went to Illinois in 1839, and settled at Mineral
Point, Wisconsin. He practiced law, and in 1859
moved to La Crosse, Wisconsin. He was elected to
congress, serving from 1856 to 1862. He was dele-
gate to the peace convention in i86r, and rai-^^ed a
cavalry regiment the same year and was made
colonel. During 1862 he was promoted to brigadier-
general and then to major-general, and was at
Vicksburg with Grant and under General Banks in
Louisiana. In 1867 he was elected to a seat in con-
gress from Wisconsin, serving until 1871, when he
was chosen governor of Wisconsin.

(VTI) Governor Emory Washburn, of Massa-
chusetts, descended from the original immigrant
thus: I. John and Margery; 2. John and Eliza-
beth Mitchell; 3. Joseph and Hannah Latham; 4.
Joseph and Hannah Johnson ; 5. Seth and Mary
Harrod ; 6. Joseph and Ruth Davis ; 7. Governor
Emory, who was born in Leicester, Worcester
■ county, Massachusetts, 1800, and graduated at
Williatns College, 1817. In 1826 and 1827 we find
him in the general court of Massachusetts, and in
1841 and 1842, state senator, in 1844 judge of the
court of cominon pleas, from which bench he re-
signed in 1847, and in 1853 he became governor of
the state he had so faithfully served. He was made
a professor in law at Harvard College in 1856. con-
tinuing until March 18, 1877, when death claimed
him. He was a noted author of many law works,
genealogy and general historical books and papers.
including the excellent "History of Leicester," his
native place. He married Marianna C. Giles, who
bore him three children.

(V) John Washburn, son of John (4), was born
in i6gg, married Abigail Johnson, and had these
children: John, born 1730, married Lydia Prince;
Abigail, born 1732; Mary, born 1734; Mercy, born
I7.?6; Seth, born 1738, married (first) Faer How-
ard, (second) Ann Fullcrton, (third) Deborah
Churchill; Phillip; Thankful, born 1742.

(VI) Seth Washburn, born 1738. married as
above three wives and his children were : Fear, born
1766; Perris; Abigail; Seth born 1769. married Sarah
.A.dams ; Ichabod ; .Anna (by second wife) ; Ephraim
(by third wife).

(VII) Captain Ichabod Washburn, son of Seth
(6), was born about 1771. and in 1793 married
Sylvia Bradford, whose ancestors came in the "May-
flower," through the following line : Goyernor Will-
iam Bradford, who came on that ship, had a son,
William, whose .son, Samuel, had a son, Gamaliel,
whose son, Gamaliel, Jr., had a son named Peabody,
whose daughter, Sylvia, was the wife of Captain
Ichabod Washburn, who was a sea captain and lost
his life while off the coast at Portland. Maine,
helping to care for his brother seamen who were
sick with yellow fever. He died at twenty-eight
years of age, leaving three children : Ichabod
(VIII) and Charles (twins), who subsequently
came to Worcester, and a daughter Pamelia.

(VIII) Ichabod Washburn, the founder of the
great wire industry in Worcester, which is now a
prominent factor in the Ainerican Steel and Wire
Company, son of Ichabod and Sylvia (Bradford)
Washburn, was born August 11, 1798. at Kingston.
Massachusetts. His father died when he was but
an infant, and his mother was left to support her-
self and little ones by working at her loom and
spinning wheel. When nine years of age Ichabod

WORCESTER COUNTY

Washburn went to live with a harness maker in
Duxbury, Massachusetts, where he did chores and
learned to stitch harness, attending school during
the winter terms. After five years' experience at
Duxbury, he returned to Kingston and worked for
a time in a small cotton factory. At the age of
sixteen years he was employed as an apprentice to
learn the blacksmith's trade with Jonathan and
David Trask, of Leicester. After a service of
two years the firm dissolved partnership, and young
Washburn found employment with Nathan Muzzcy
at the same trade, engaging to work for two years,
to receive fifty dollars for his services, be allowed
twelve weeks schooling and furnished with board
and clothing. T^Ir. Muzzey at the end of a year left
Leicester for the adjoining town of Auburn, Wash-
burn accompanying him, continuing until his twen-
tieth birthday. In the winter of 1817 and 1818 he
went to MiUbury to work as journeyman, but within
a few weeks the news came that a position as clerk
in Mr. Warren's grocery store in Portland, Maine,
was awaiting him, his sister having become in the
meantime Mrs. Warren. A brief trial at clerking
in his brother-in-law's store convinced him that he
was better adapted to mechanical than mercantile
pursuits, and he returned to Millbury and began
making ploughs on his own account. lie had no ■
funds, but, though a stranger, came to Worcester
and presented his case to Mr. Daniel Waldo, a man
of means, whO' heard his story and upon his own
note gave him money with which to operate. This
was his start financially. In 1819 he worked in an
armory making ramrods, and in the autumn of that
year came to Worcester.

In 1820 he engaged in business with William H.
Howard, manufacturing woolen machinery and lead
pipe, and soon thereafter purchased Mr. Howard's
interest in the business. In 1822 he took as a part-
ner Benjamin Goddard, and with the increase of
business they employed thirty workmen. They made
the first condenser and long-roll spinning-jack that
was made in the county. During the winter of 1830
and 1831, while on School street, he experimented
in the manufacture of wooden screws. Later he
and Goddard sold their business and moved to
Northville, where the manufacture of wire and
wooden screws began, the wire being made by Wash-
burn & Goddard and the screws by C. Reed & Com-
pany, associates. They also made card-wire. Some
in 1836-37 the screw business was removed to Prov-
idence, and finally r^^^'ged into the "American Screw
Company." In January, 1835, lie dissolved with
Goddard at Northville, and continued the wire busi-
ness in a building erected for him by Stephen Salis-
bury, on Mill brook, which furnished the power for
driving the crude and experimental machinery then
in use. This building was forty by eighty feet, three
stories high. In 1835 his twin brother. Charles, came
from Harrison, Maine, where he had been practic-
ing law, and formed a partnership with his brother,
which terminated in January, 1S38, but soon after
the substitution of the "wire-block" by Ichabod Wash-
burn, which revolutionized the industry, the busi-
ness began rapidly to multiply, and in 1842 they
again associated themselves as partners, the firm
name being I. & C. Washburn.

In 1847 the two Washburns put in a rolling mill
of their own at Quinsigamond, and soon the firm of
Washburn, Moen & Company was formed. The
same, however, was dissolved in 1849, the business
going to Henry S. Washburn, a member of the firm.
The firm of I. & C. Washburn that same year was
dissolved and a division of the plant made, Charles
taking the part at Quinsigamond. April i, 1850,
Philip L. Moen became a partner of Ichabod Wash-
burn, the style of the firm being I. Washburn and

Company. Ichabod Washburn spent much time in
experimenting in the tempering of wire that it might
be put to various uses, and at the suggestion of Mr.
Chickering, of Boston, he produced samples of
piano string wire, an article which hitherto had been
brought from England. That branch of the busi-
ness has been conducted with success up to the
present time, as well as other musical instrument
wires. In July, 1859, Ichabod Washburn employed
one hundred and twenty men and made three tons ■
of wire per day. In 1863 he and his partner built H
a colton-mill, which they operated about ten years, »
producing sulficient yarn to cover four tons of temp-
ered crinoline wire per day. January, 1S65, Ichabod
Washburn and Mr. Moen changed the firm name
to "I. Washburn and Moen Iron Works" — capital
stock, five hundred thousand dollars. In i858 it be-
came the Washburn-JNIoen iSIanufacturing Company,
with one million dollars capital. In 1889 the plant
was operated by three thousand workmen. A few
years since the whole business was merged into the
American "Steel & Wire Company.

Ichabod Washburn married (first) Ann G.
Brown, October 6, 1823. She was the daughter of
Mrs. David Brown, with whom he boarded in
Worcester. One son was born to them, December
1, 1824, but survived only a few days. Two daugh-
ters were born to them : Eliza Ann, born June 4,
1826, married Philip L. Moen, and died at the age
of twenty-six years ; and Lucy Painelia, born March
8, 1832, who died when twenty-two years old. The
mother and little granddaughter soon passed from
earth, leaving Mr. Washburn alone in the world.
He founded the Worcester Memorial Hospital to H
the fond memory of his two daughters. For his H
second companion he married Elizabeth B. Cheever. ™

Of his political standing, let it be recorded that
he was a strong anti-slavery advocate and gave of
his means abundantly, and urged by a petition to
President Lincoln the emancipation of the colored
race. After he formation of the Republican party,
he ever voted and worked and paid for the princi-
ples it advocates. He believed that capital and
labor should alike be busv and ever put to produc-
ing for the world. He was state senator in i860
and performed his part faithfully and well.

He was a life-long Christian and did very much
to aid the church. He was one of the first four
deacons of the Union Church, and assisted materi-
ally in building that church. He was treasurer of
the Church Anti-Slavery Society in 1859. From his
own funds, he erected the Mission Chapel on Sum-
ner street, Worcester. Space in this volume pre-
cludes the enumeration of but few of the benevo-
lent causes and benevolent industries to which he
gave most lavishly, believing as he did that money
was made to use and to use for mankind. He was
a systematic giver and in proportion to his income.
He felt it a duty to donate, and like Peabody, his
business multiplied on his hand by liberal giving to
worthy causes, hence he headed all subscription pa-
pers with a Christianlike pleasure. From him came
twenty-five thousand dollars to further on the build-
ing of the Mechanics' Hall, so appreciated today and
for the past decades used for great audiences, re-
ligious and political. He also was one of the origi-
nal promoters of the "Bay State House." He de-
spised into.xicating drinks and tobacco, giving time
and wealth for their suppression. When he built
his first lumber house, he would not ask men to
help "raise" it, if they asked to have liquor, as was
customary, but preferred to pay cash to men who
would do it without into.xicants, furnishing instead
lemonade and "small beer." Among his benefactions
should not be forgotten the large amounts he gave
toward the erection and support of educational and

<2/^,^ jP-'Jhatl

WORCESTER COUNTY tt

for file Afiffd (eif^hty- 1869, with that on Gr'

a. llarj,) ; ..\' Moen Manufacturing Cuniyaiiv.

use, the Honi' ate a capital of $i.o.to,ooo, aiir'l

me, etc., scaiA .; i f, -

even the lives of the f
i?e. Seized by a stroke
S, he lingered on unti.
the same 3'r3r ITi; !,i

■. ealliij-, I.
•n. Char'

.e. Tiiu
ime state

\ cu 1 ■ i-K -t I ;v

1835 he cai e to Wore
his brother chabod >" ■
the firm of ;. & C.
years later the ri
built. In li }9, thr.
a division o- the. pr

hands 01
:;cd in CO
DUSini -s, wbi' '
, when the W

As early as 1

■'-■V of the scui .
losen a niem-

1 rn -ircsi'"!oiit

-irj 01 -U^.niKi.. -Mr. \\;.:iiburn ycuuicd
t in the firm of the Wat-hburn & Moen
'■ r '"'^ "pany, and ■ ' ■ •' '

ui> to I -

am married Zibeah Cary Blak
. Blake, of Otisfield. M.Vii- . ^:
siie died August 12, 18.'
b— !es F. (IX). born
lav l6, i:-

H,, April

and Anna. >

irn. son e f 1

iiaving aci(uired an ry,

V^ols of Wo'ccstcr and ' . ton,

cd, was f nem,

but he : ■ sur-

werc :
1., died
August
. July 12,
Henry B.,
Jctober 13,
nald Wash-
daughter of
ificld, Massa-
june S, 1883,
of Rev. R. S.
.11- uijuc , H11UH.I-, rtiHi ur-_ York. He had

is ganiond pj incorporated, in in infancy.

j^^im

^^c^t^A^^ cF^yhuJ-'L^

t,-^ 1-^

WORCESTER COUNTY

religious institutions: Home for the Aged (eighty-
five thousand dollars) ; ^Memorial Hospital, the
Freedmen's Cause, the Home and Foreign Missions,
Orphans' Home, etc., scattered from Maine to
Georgia. But even the lives of the truly great and
good must cease. Seized by a stroke of paralysis in
February, 1868, he lingered on until death came
December of the same year. His last words were
spoken to a brother, "It is all right," and thus Wor-
cester and the world lost one of her noblest sons,
a self-made, wealthy, devoted Christian.

(VHI) Hon. Charles Washburn, twin brother
of Ichabod Washburn, was born in Kingston, Massa-
chusetts, August II, 1798. He selected as his voca-
tion the profession of a lawyer, and after receiving
the advantages of a common school education en-
tered Brown University, from which institution he was
graduated with the class of 1820. He was admitted to
the bar, and in 1823 was practicing his profession in
Otisfield, Maine. The following year he removed
to Harrison, same state, where he continued to labor
in his chosen profession, gaining special distinc-
tion as a lawyer. During the years 1830 and 1S33
he served his district in the Maine legislature. In
1835 he came to Worcester, ]\Iassachusctts, to join
his brother Ichabod in the wire industry, and in 1842
the firm of I. & C. Washburn was formed and two
years later the rolling-mill at Quinsigamond was
built. In 1849, through a dissolution of the firm and
a division of the property, the plant at Quinsigamond
came into the hands of Charles Washburn, who was
actively engaged in conducting this branch of the
wire business, which he continued until the year
1868, when the Washburn and Moen jManufactur-
ing Company was formed, this industry becoming
a part of the great business plant. As early as 1849
Mr. Washburn served as a member of the school
committee ; in 1849 and 1850 he was chosen a mem-
ber of the common council, having been president
of the same for three years; in 1851 was a member
of the Massachusetts legislature, and in 1854 served
in the board of aldermen. Mr. Washburn retained
an interest in the firm of the Washburn & Moen
Manufacturing Company, and was a member of the
board of directors up to the time of his death,
October 27, 1875.

Mr. Washburn married Zibeah Cary Blake, daugli-
ter of GrenfiU Blake, of Otisfield. Maine, November
30, 1826; she died August 12, 1845. Their children
were: Charles F. (IX), born August 23, 1827;
Grenfill B., ?ilay 16, 1829; Lucia B., October 29,
1730; Grenfill H., April 20, 1833; George L, May 26,
1835 ; Henry B., November 10, 1837 ; Maurice B.,
July 25, 1839; Zibeah C, April 15, 1844; Maurice,
August 9, 1845. Charles Washburn married for his
second wife Anna F. Brown, February 2, 1847.
There were three children of this marriage — a son
John, and two daughters, Ellen and Anna.

(IX) Charles Francis Washburn, son of Hon.
Charles Washburn, having acquired an excellent
education in the schools of Worcester and Leicester
Academy, from which he graduated, was prevented
by illness from attending college, but he added to
his academical knowledge a liberal store of general
information from his personal reading and observa-
tion. After an extended trip to Europe he entered
his father's rolling mills, and from the beginning
gave evidence of that mechanical skill and business
sagacity that characterized him in his later career.
He mastered every detail of the industry, working
in all departments, and gaining perfect mastery of
them. In 1857 he was admitted to partnership with
his father under the firm name of Charles Wash-
burn & Son. The business expanded rapidly as new
methods made possible new products, and the
Quinsigamond plant was finally incorporated, in

1869, with that on Grove street as the Washburn &
Moen Manufactur .any, and grew to oper-

ate a capital of .V and gave direct employ-

ment to some four tiioii-and people. Originally re-
stricted to the manufacture of wire for card teeth
and other similar purposes, the factories began the
making of telegraph wire as soon as the Morse in-
vention had demonstrated its practicability, and in
1850 was begun the making of piano wire, in which
the product of the Washburn mills soon superseded
the English make in the markets of the United
States. The company met every necessity as it
arose where wire could be used— wire for hoop
skirts between i860 and 1870, and after that the
great demand for all varieties of barbed wire for
fencing. During the last ten years it has produced
vast quantities of iron and steel cables and ropes,
spiral springs, etc., and, following the introduction
of electric energy for heating, light and power,
thousands of tons of wire annually for these pur-
poses. The yearly output of steel is about 40,000
tons, and of all products about 100,000 tons. In
1891 the company also established works at Wau-
kegan, Illinois, with wire capacity nearly equal to
that of the parent establishment.

In the capacity of secretary, director and vice-
president of the corporation, Mr. Washburn con-
tinually took a leading part in the administration of
its business, and to his perseverence and sagacity
was largely due the great advancements which were
made from time to time in the development of its
usefulness and importance, a signal attestation of
this fact being found in his securing to his company
the conrol of the barbed wire patents.

Deeply absorbed in his business Mr. Washburn
held aloof from public concerns, except in one in-
stance where he served the city as a member of the
common council. He was deeply interested, how-
ever, in benevolent and philanthropic works, and
rendered zealous and useful service to two of the
most notable and praiseworthy institutons of his
city, acting as vice-president of the governing board
of the Memorial Hospital, founded by his uncle,
Ichabod Washburn, and as president of the Home
for Aged Women. Of a sincere, christian tempera-
ment, he was a communicant of All Saints' Protest-
ant Episcopal Church. He was a warm advocate of
free-soil principles in his early days; was an original
member of the Republican party, and afllliatcd with
it earnestly and effectually during the remainder of
his life. He was a man of culture and refinement,
delighting in healthful and ennobling literature, and
devoted his leisure hours to his home and library.
He died July 20, 1893, leaving behind him to his
family and the community the fragrant memories
which cling to a noble and useful life in those broad
ways where such an unselfish man can make his
every act a benediction upon the thousands who
surround him.

Mr. Washburn married, October 10, 1855, Mary,
the eldest daughter of James M. Whiton, of Boston,
jNIassachusetts. Eight children were born to them,
all sons except one, and all excepting one son sur-
vived their honored parent. The children were:
Charles G., born January 28, 1857; James M., died
in infancy, December 27. 1S58; Philip, born August
2, 1861, died October 6, 1898; Miriam, born July 12,
1864; Robert M., born January 4, 1868; Henry B.,
born December 2, 1869; Reginald, born October 13,
1871; Arthur, born May 27, 1877. Reginald Wash-
burn married, August 26, 1903. Dorcas, daughter of
Hon. Edward S. Bcadford, of Springfield, Massa-
chusetts. Philip Washburn married, June S, 1883.
Miriam Phillips, youngest daughter of Rev. R. S.
Storrs, D. D., of Brooklyn, New York. He had
five daughters, two of whom died in infancy.

WORCESTER COUNTY

(X) Robert Morris Washburn, son of Charles
Francis and Mary Elizabeth Washburn, was born in
Worcester, January 4, 1868. He was educated in the
public schools, and was graduated at the Worcester
high school in 1886. He received the degree of A.
B. from Harvard University in 1890. He then
studied law for one year in the office of Rice, King
& Rice. He was then admitted a member of the
second-year class at the Harvard law school, where
he remained for one year, and in November, 1892,
was admitted to the Worcester county bar. He is
a practicing lawyer at 314 Main street, Worcester.
He is unmarried, living at the homestead estate, 42
Elm street. He is a member of the Republican city
committee, 1906, and a vice-president of the Repub-
lican club of Massachusetts, and a member of the
Republican Club of Worcester. He is also a mem-
ber of the Worcester Club, and Quinsigamond Boat
Club.

(X) Hon. Charles Grenfill Washburn, son of
Charles Francis and Mary E. (Whiton) Washburn,
was born in Worcester. January 28, 1857. He began
his education in the public schools of his native city,
was graduated from the Worcester Polytechnic In-
stitute in 1875. and from Harvard University in
1880. He subsequently took up the study of law
and was admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1886. He
has been constantly identified with the manufactur-
ing interests of the city. In 1880 he established the
business now conducted by the Wire Goods Com-
pany, with which he is still connected. In 1882 he
became treasurer and manager of the Worcester
Barbed Fence Company, which was subsequently
absorbed by the Washburn & Moen Manufacturing
Company, and from 1884 to 1891 was a member of
the last named corporation, and during a part of
that period served in the capacity of director and
executive officer.

A Republican in politics, Mn Washburn was a
member of the Massachusetts house of representa-
tives in 1S97-98, in which body he served the first
year on the committee on mercantile affairs, and
the second year as chairman of the committee on
taxation. On the expiration of his term in the lower
branch he was elected to the state senate from the
first district of Worcester, serving two terms — 1899
and 1900. In 1902 he was a member of the com-
mittee tO' revise the corporation laws of Alassachu-
setts. He was a delegate to the Republican national
convention in Chicago, and the ^Massachusetts mem-
ber of the committee appointed to notify Theodore
Roosevelt of his nomination. He was elected No-
nember 6, 1906, to the si.xtieth congress from the
Third IMassachusetts District. He is a trus-
tee and president of the Worcester Poly-
technic Institute. He married. April 25, 1889,
Caroline Vinton Slater, daughter of Horatio
N. Slater, of Webster. Their children were : Eliza-
beth, born 1892, died in infancy; Slater, born August
5, 1896; Charles Francis, born May 10, 1898, died
December 19, 1902; Philip, born October 4, 1899;
Esther Vinton, born August 10, ' 1902.

Mrs. Washburn is a great-granddaughter of
Samuel Slater, founder of the town of Webster,
and a manufacturer of much importance in his day.
He was a native of Derbyshire, England, and
when fourteen years of age was apprenticed to
Jedediah Strutt, a partner of Arkwright, the cele-
brated pioneer in cotton manufacture. The offer
of a premium for the introduction of the Ark-
wright machinery into the United States brought
him to America at the close of his apprenticeship.
He arrived in New York about December i, 1790.
and established at Pawtucket, Rhode Island, a
manufactory for cotton yarn. In 1812, in partner-
ship with Bela Tiffany, of South Brimfield, Massa-

chusetts, under the firm name of Slater & Tiffany,
he began the erection at Webster, Massachusetts, of
mills for the manufacture of cotton yarn. During
the war of 1812 the firm also engaged in the manu-
facture of broadcloth. In 1816 ^Nlr. Slater purchased
the interest of his partner, and afterwards associ-
ated with himself Edward Howard, a practical
cloth maker. In 1829 Howard sold his interest to
Samuel Slater and his sons — George B. and Hora-
tio N. Slater — who conducted business under the
firm name of Samuel Slater & Sons. From 1835,
the year of the death of the senior Slater, the sons
conducted the business until 1843, when occurred
the death of George B. Slater and Horatio N.
Slater succeeded to the sole management, in which
he continued until his death, in 1888, when his
nephew and namesake, the father of Mrs. Charles
G. Washburn, became the owner and manager. The
business after the death of H. N. Slater, Jr., was
incorporated as S. Slater & Sons. Samuel Slater,
the emigrant, was twice married. First, October 2,
1791, to Hannah, daughter of Oziel Wilkinson. She
died about 1812, and about 1817 he married Esther,
daughter of Robert Parkinson, of Philadelphia. His
first wife bore him nine children, of whom the sev-
enth was Horatio Nelson Slater.

(VII) Hon. William Barrett Washburn, son of
.'\sa and Phebe (Whitney) Washburn, and grandson
of Colonel Elijah Washburn and Captain Phineas
Whitney, was born in Winchenden, January 31,
1820. He fitted for college at the Westminster and
Hancock Academies, and was graduated from Yale
College in 1844. He clerked three years and then
engaged in the manufacture of doors, chairs and
wooden-ware at Erving. In 1857 he moved to
Greenfield, where he lived at the time of his death.
October 5, 1887. He was a member of the house of
representatives in 1850 and of the senate in 1854.
He was a member of congress from 1863 to January
I, 1872, when he resigned to be inaugurated gov-
ernor of Massachusetts. April 17, 1874, he resigned
as governor to fill the unexpired term of Hon.
Charles Sumner in the United States senate, hold-
ing the office until ]\Iarch 4, 1875. For many years
he was president of the Greenfield Bank and one
of the trustees of Yale College and an overseer of
Amherst College. He married, September 6, 1847.
Hannah Sweetster by whom were born two sons
and four daughters.

(IX) General Francis Washburn, son of John
M. Washburn, was born July, 1838, at Lancaster, his
parents having the April previous removed from
Boston. From the academy of his native town, at
the age of sixteen years, he went to serve a regu-
lar term in the Lawrence Machine Compan}'"s shop.
He next went to the Scientific School of Mining
and Engineering at Freiburg. Saxony. When in
1860-1861 the civil war cloud darkened our fair
national sky, he wrote, "I must hasten my return.
If the war comes, I shall sail at once." In Decem-
ber, 1861, he was given a commission in the army,
which he used as soon as he waited to see his
father pass from earth. He was mustered in as sec-
ond lieutenant in the First Massachusetts Cavalry,
the history of which is well knowil in the war de-
partment. He became captain, lieutenant-colonel,
and in February, 1865, commissioned as colonel,
which he held at the time of his death. He was
mortally wounded in the brilliant engagement at
High Bridge, Virginia, April 6, 1865. His braver/
was noted by the then Lieutenant-General Grant,
at whose request he was commissioned brigadier-
general. Here men fought hand to hand, an un-
common occurence. He fell from saber stroke and
pistol shot. He was brought home to the house
of his brother, Hon. John D. Washburn, where he

(^L0aiWmA4\

WORCESTER COUNTY

shortly gave up his young life, licing ])ut twenty-
six years of age. He was called the "While Knight
of Modern Cavalry."

(IX) Hon. John D. Washburn, born in Boston,
March 27, 1833. was the eldest son of John Mar-
shall and Harriet (Kimball) Washburn. His par-
ents removed to Lancaster when he was five years
old and there his youth was spent amid those beauti-
ful surroundings. In 1853 he was graduated from
Harvard College, entering the law, lirst studying
with Hon. Emory Washburn and Hon. George F.
Hoar in 1854, finally receiving" a diploma from the
Harvard School in 1856. He practised in Worcester
with Hon. H, C. Rice. He made for himself a place
of importance among insurance circles, as legal
adviser. Later he succeeded Hon. Alexander H.
Bullock as general agent and attorney of the in-
surance companies in 1866. Through this associa-
tion he became connected with Governor Bullock
as chief of the stafi from 1866 to 1869, receiving a
colonel's commission. From 1871 to 1881 he was
trustee of the Worcester Lunatic Hospital, and from
1875 to 1S85 filled a similar place in the School for
Feeble ^Minded. He was a member of the house
of representatives from 1876 to 1879, and a senator
from Worcester in 1884. From 1866 to 1880 he was
a director of the Citizens' National Bank. He was
also a member of the board of investment fur the
W^orcester County Institution for Savings ; also
trustee and treasurer of the Memorial Hospital. In
1883 he became president of the Merchants' and
Farmers' Insurance Company. For many years he
was the councilor and secretary of the American
Antiquarian Society. During the latter years of his
life he was appointed as minister to represent this
country in Switzerland.

He married in i860 Mary F. Putnam. 'J'heir
daughter Edith, in 1884, married Richard Ward
Greene, of Worcester. He died April 4, 1903, leav-
ing a record in itself, a royal legacy to any com-
munity. He was one of nature's own nohlemen.
Even to the most humble of his constituents, he
would grant a personal favor and special attention.
It is believed that exposure to the hot sun, while
visiting in Paris, affected his head and that from
this was traced his lingering illness and final death.

(VIII) W'illiam Ansel Washburn, deputy
sheriff of Worcester, was born in Paxton, Massa-
chusetts, August 14, 1837. He was the son of John
and Nancy (Bemis) Washburn. His grandfather
was Francis Washburn, born in Brockton, 1769, died
1844; the great-grandfather being Jacob Washburn,
born in the same place.

John W'ashburn, W^illiam Ansel Washburn's
father, was born in Leicester, November 14, 1800,
and died in 1867. He was a shoemaker and black-
smith and drove the stage many years between Bos-
ton and Worcester. He married Nancy- Bemis in
1831. Their children were Delia, William A. and
Alice (twins), and Julia.

William Ansel was reared to farm life and then
learned the trade of shoemaker with his father.
When eighteen he left home and came to Worcester,
securing employment in the Hospital for the Insane
for four years. Then he clerked for a time,' but soon
began as a nail-maker in the factory of Prouty &
Allen. He was finally appointed a patrolman on the.
police force in 1863, and two years later was made
assistant-marshal, holding the same from 1873 to
1880; again in 1883, and from 1886 to 1S93. In
1893, he, by appointment, was made deputy sheriff
and deputy jailer. Like many another modern man,
he is closely identified witli civic societies, including
the Masonic and Odd Fellows orders. He is a
Knight Templar. Politically he affiliates with the
Republican party. In his religious belief he ad-

hcre.s^ to that of llie Universalist faith. November
29, 1860, he married Emily Delano, of Provincetown,
Massachusetts.

(VII) Hon. Peter Thatcher Washburn, once
governor of Vermont, was born in Lynn, Massa-
chusetts, September 7, 1814, and died at Wood-
stock, Vermont, February 7, 1870, He was the son
of Reuben and Hannah Washburn. The father was
born in Leicester, Massachusetts, December 30,
1781. When Mr. Washburn was but three years of
age his father removed to Cavendish, Vermont. He
graduated at Dartmouth College in 1835, and began
law practice in 1838 at Ludlow, Vermont. He be-
came one of the most marked political figures in
the state. For eight years, from 1844 to 1852, he
held the office of supreme court reporter. In 1853-54,
he was in the legislature, and when the rebellion
broke out he rai.sed troops and entered the service as
lieutenant-colonel of the First Regiment from Ver-
mont, being stationed at Fortress Monroe. He only
remained in the service about three months, and in
1861 was appointed inspector-general of Vermont.
September, 1869, he was elected governor of Ver-
mont. He was active with his pen, and in 1844
publislied a "Digest of Vermont Reports" and many
other works of value.

BARTON FAMILY. Hon. Ira Moore Barton was
a gentleman of unusual qualities as a scholar, jurist
and judge. He was born in Oxford, Massachu-
setts, October 25, 1796. and was of the fifth genera-
tion from Samuel Barton, of Salem, Massachu-
setts, 1693, and of Sutton, 1718. After preparation
by a private tutor and at Leicester Academy, he
entered Brown University and was graduated from
that institution in i8rg. He began the study of
law with Samuel W. Bridgham, of Providence, con-
tinuing his legal, education with Sumner Barstow,
of Sutton, and Hon. Levi Lincoln, of Worcester,
from whose office he entered the Harvard Law
School, graduating in 1822. He immediately estab-
lished an office in Oxford, where his recognized
ability and skill as a legal adviser and advocate
soon brought him a large practice.

For three years (1830-31-32) he represented the
town of Oxford in the state legislature, and in
1833-34 represented the county of Worcester in
the state senate, serving for a time as commissioner
for the revision of the statutes. He removed to
Worcester in 1834, and two years later was ap-
poiiUed by Governor Edward Everett judge of pro-
bate for the county of Worcester. As the duties of
the office did not require his entire time, he contiiuied
his practice in other courts. In 1844 he resigned as
judge of probate to devote his entire time to his
growing practice. In 1840 he was chosen presi-
dential elector, and in 1846 represented the town
of Worcester in the house of representatives in
the state legislature. He rendered efficient service
in behalf of his constituents and the state, exerting
himself earnestly in favor of an act to extend the
equity and jurisdiction of our highest court. In 1844
Judge Barton took as law partner Peter C. Bacon,
also of Oxford, and two j-ears later William Sum-
ner Barton, eldest son of the judge, was taken
into the firm.

In 1849 Judge Barton went to Europe, where he
passed nearly two years, enjoying a much needed
rest. On his return he resumed his practice in the
firm. He was a member of the American Anti-
quarian Society, and one of its councillors. He died
July 18. 1867. and the librarian of that institution,
Samuel F. Haven. LL. D., in his council report
of October of that year says of Judge Barton —
"In every station, public or private, he was dis-
tinguished for ability, sterling integrity, and earnest

WORCESTER COUNTY

devotion to the fullest performance of every duty."
He was an accomplished lawyer, an upright magis-
trate, an enlightened patriotic citizen. His widow
died in Worcester, November 24, 18S3, aged eighty-
three years. Their children were: William Sumner,
born September 30, 1824, died July 13, 1899; Hannah
Maria, born April 21, 1826, died December
13, igo6; Artemas Bullard, born August 12,
1828, died June 21, 1831 ; Charles Henry, born
April 10, 1830, died February 16, 1885 ; Artemas
Bullard, born December 5, '1831, died April 17,
1837; Lucy Ann, born July 24, 1834, died Septem-
ber 25, 190S ; Francis Augustus, born October 24,
1836, died January 29, 1898; Edmund Mills, born
September 27, 1838; George Edward, born July
30, 1841, died May 29, 1878.

William Sumner Barton, eldest son of Judge
Barton, was born in Oxford, September 30,
1824, and came when ten years of age with
his parents to Worcester. He attended the
common schools and also the Worcester _ Acad-
emy, was graduated from Brown University
in 1844, and later received the degree of A. M.
After studying law in the office of his father and
law partner, Peter C. Bacon, and attending the Har-
vard Law School, he was admitted to the bar in
1846, and became a partner in his father's firm,
the style of the firm being Barton, Bacon & Barton.
In June, 1854, he accepted a position in the Bank
of Commerce, Boston, where he remained until
January, 1872, when he was elected treasurer and
collector of tax^s for the city of Worcester. From
1876 until his death he was treasurer of the sinking
funds, and also from 1872 treasurer of all the trust
funds of the city. Mr. Barton was a genial, court-
eous gentleman, prompt and accurate,^ thoroughly
competent to discharge the duties of his office — an
ideal public official. He inaugurated a new and
modern system of arranging and keeping accounts,
which greatly facilitated and simplified the work of
the department. He was fond of historical study
and research, and among the articles from his pen
are, "Sketch of the Bullard Family," "Sketch of the
Life of the Duchess of Orleans and her Sons, the
Comte de Paris, and the Due de Chartres," and
"Epitaphs from the Cemetery on Worcester Com-
mon, with occasional notes, references and an in-
dex." After a faithful, honorable service as city

BULLARD HOUSE. WEST SUTTON

The Bullard house was built by Ebenezer Waters in 1767. who sold
it to Mr. Hunt, of whom Dr. Artemas Bullard purchased it about the
year 180.5. Here Mrs. Henry Ward Beecher was born, courted and
married. In the parlor at the left as you enter the house, in which
Mr. and Mrs. Beecher were married, is a painting of Boston Common,
on the panel over the fire place, and in the chamber overhead is a
painting of the Boston Tea Party, in a panel over the fireplace there

treasurer for twenty-seven years, he died July 13,
1899.

He married April 4, 1849, Anne Elizabeth, daugh-
ter of Samuel and Mary Gould (Ellery) Jennison, of
Worcester. He married for his second wife, No-
vember 22, 1870, Katharine Almy, daughter of Will-
iam and Jane Byron Ellery, of New York city.
His widow and live children survive him ; three
daughters by the first marriage, and a son and
daughter by the second.

Edmund Mills Barton was born in Worcester,
Massachusetts, September 27, 1838, the son of the
late Hon. Ira Moore Barton and his wife, Maria
Waters (Bullard) Barton. She was born January
25, 1800, in the town of Northbridge, daughter of
Artemas Bullard, M. D., and his wife Lucy, eldest
daughter of Deacon Jesse and Anna Mason White,
of Northbridge. Dr. Bullard was a successful prac-
titioner, who acquired an extensive practice, and
as a citizen was greatly respected and beloved. He
was appointed by Governor Strong surgeon of the
local infantry regiment, and was in 1814 elected
a fellow of the council of the Massachusetts Medi-
cal Society. Mr. Barton's great-grandfather, Asa
Bullard, of Holliston, Massachusetts, answered the
Lexington Alarm, serving in Captain Stapels Cham-
berlain's company. Colonel Samuel Bullard's regi-
ment.

Mr. Barton's boyhood days were chiefly spent
in Worcester. After passing through the various
graded schools, he took a course at the Valentine
school in Northborough. The opening scenes of
the civil war found him at home, assisting in the
care of his invalid father. In May, 1863, he went to
the headquarters of the Army of the Potomac, visit-
ing hospitals on the way, and laboring in the field
hospitals after the battle of Chancellorsville. He
then visited the headquarters of General John A.
Dix, at Fortress Monroe, and accompanied him
upon his expedition to Bottom's Bridge, near Rich-
mond. The battle of Gettysburg called him to that
field for hospital work, and there he was commis-
sioned field relief agent of the United States sani-
tary commission, under the authority of the secre-
tary of war, and was assigned to the Fifth Army
Corps of the Army of the Potomac. This position
he held at the front until the end of the war and
the final review at Washington. (See Marvin's
"Worcester in the war of the Rebellion"
for further details.)

After Mr. Barton's return from the war,
July I, 1865, he spent a few months in travel
and on April I, 1866, became assistant
librarian of the American Antiquarian So-
ciety, Worcester. Upon the death of the
eminent librarian. Dr. Samuel Foster
Haven, he was unanimously elected on
April 24, 1883, to succeed him in the im-
portant office. It was a most fitting recog-
nition of the services of a zealous, pains-
taking efficient officer, who has at all times
given the best at his command to further
the good service of that remarkably well
equipped institution. For Mr. Barton's
literary productions, reference is made to
Ford's partial bibliography of published
works of members of the American His-
torical Association, of which Mr. Barton is
an original life member of the American
Library Association, of which he was for
some years a councillor; life member of the
American Antiquarian Society; life mem-
ber of the Massachusetts Library Club, and
at one time a vice-president ; member of
the Worcester High School Association,
and its president in 1894 1 also a member

(§^^^/^^rz;r/-c^^

WORCESTER COUXTY

Df various historical, military, and benevolent so-
:ieties and cluirch clubs.

He married, September 6, 1871, Abigail Twycross
Blake, daughter of the Rev. Samuel Paine Blake,
and they have one daughter and three sons : Lydia
Maud, born August 2, 1872 ; Edmund Blake, born
Dctober 30, 1874; Frederick MacDonald, born June
[9, 1880; and Harold BuUard, born December 21,
[88s.

WOODCOCK FAMILY. We find from "His-
:orical Collections" that the first settlement in Attle-
Dorough was commenced by a John Woodcock and
[lis sons, about 1669. He built a public house on
Lhe Bay road, and laid out about three hundred
icres of land for his farm. He took up in several
parts of the town six hundred acres, some on his
Dwn shares, and the rest on rights that he pur-
:hased. His house was occupied for a garrison,
ind was licensed in 1670. Woodcock was a man
jf some consequence in those days, his name often
ippearing in town ofKces and on committees. In
[691 he was chosen deputy to the general court
Erom Rehoboth, and at several other times. He
A'as shrewd, hardy and brave, a strong and im-
slacable enemy to the Indians. He died in 1701,
It an advanced age. After his death seven bullet
loles were counted in his body. He had two wives :
Sarah, died May 10, 1676 ; and Joanna, who sur-
ifived him. His children were : i. John, married
Sarah Smith, 1673. 2. Israel. 3. Nathaniel. 4.
Jonathan. 5. Thomas ; and three daughters.

In August, 1894, the following item appeared in
he Boston Journal: ''The grave of Nathaniel Wood-
rock, who was killed by the Indians, and who was
:he first white settler in Attleborough, has prob-
ibly been located. The discovery promises to be
jf much historical importance. A few days ago,
Afhile workmen were grading at the 'Old North
Burying Ground,' a grave-stone was ploughed up.
*it present all that can be traced without acids

s. 'In Memory of N W , died March, 1665.' "

^Jathaniel Woodcock is known to have been killed
)y Indians in March, 1665.

Nathan Woodcock, the great-grandfather of our
;ubject proper, Theodore E., was married in Easton,
Massachusetts, September 26, 1765, to Elizabeth
Stone.

John Woodcock, their son, was born in Easton,
Vlassachusetts. October 14, 1775, and died in Leices-
er in 1814. He was educated in the common schools
if his neighborhood, and was a man of keen in-
ellect, shrewd and practical, with a v\-armhcarted
lature. He was endowed with the gift of inventive
jenius, and in 1809 he received United States Let-
ers Patent for a machine, still much in use, for
splitting leather, and which at that time was of
jreat value. He is mentioned by Governor Wash-
)urn in his "History of Leicester," as a very "in-'
renious mechanic," for whose valuable invention
he town owes a debt of gratitude which ought not
be forgotten. He lived but fourteen years after
:oming to Leicester, falling a victim to consump-
:ion. but in those j-ears he had built up, in con-
lection with his partner, a valuable business, known
IS the manufacture of card clothing, which in the
lands of descendants and their associates, continued
nany vears. He married, in Easton, December 15,
796, Ruth Mehurin, of Easton, Massachusetts, and
vas at the time of marriage of Rutland, Massachu-
etts. He left three sons and two daughters, whose
Ives were all passed in Leicester, "usefully and
lonornbly:" Hannah, married Benjamin Conklin,
826, Ruth,' married Dwight Bisco, Esq., January 8,
:826. John, Josephus, Lucius.

John Woodcock, son of John (4), was born in

Rutland, Massachusetts, July 23, 1800, and died in
Leicester, August 26, 1880. He obtained a common
school education, and true to the best traditions of
New England li£e, as well as to the education he
had received, he entered early, at the age of seven-
teen upon a course of business industry. He took
service with James and John A. Smith, who were
his father's successors in business. In 1825 he be-
came, with Hiram Knight, Esq., partner in the same
firm, later known as Woodcock & Knight, and in
1848 Theodore E. Woodcock and Dexter Knight,
sons of seniors, came to the firm under the name
of Woodcock, Knight & Company. He retired from
business in 1867. During his life, he gave a good
share of his time to the public service, was a select-
man, and in other town offices, and in the legislature
two years. He was always a stanch Republican;
was a director of the Leicester Bank from 1836
to the time of his death, a period of forty-four
years, and a trustee of the Savings Bank from its
beginning. He was for ten years chairman of the
directors of the Public Library of the town in which
he took a warm interest, and to which he made
many donations of valuable books. He was known
as a man of intelligence, and of sound, practical
judgment, of a memory remarkably exact both of
persons and events.

Mr. Woodcock was married, in 1823, to Anna
Jenkins, born in Cambridge, New York, daughter
of Joshua and Remember Bowen Jenkins, who were
both stanch Quakers. Reared in this faith, the
daughter Anna retained the gentle, loving nature
so characteristic of the Society of Friends, ever
ready to lend a helping hand to the sick and un-
fortunate ; of affable and pleasing manner, her many
fine qualities endeared her to a large circle of friends.
Three children were the result of this marriage:
Theodore Earle; Ann Eliza, married Dr. William
H. Brown, of Bangor, Maine, in 1851, and died in
1889; Ruth Mehurin, married William W. Cald-
well, Esq., of Newburyport, Massachusetts, Sep-
tember 21, 1848. Mrs. Woodcock died in 1856. Mr.
Woodcock married (second) in 1858, Ellen L.
Burnett, of North Brookfield, Massachusetts, a lady
of culture, who cared for him most tenderly in
his declining years, and still survives him. His
home was always the happy resort of children and
grandchildren; his spirit ever affectionate and gen-
erous,

Theodore Earle Woodcock, son of John (5),
was born in Leicester, Massachusetts, February 19,
1825. He obtained his education in the schools of
his native town and in Leicester Academy. He com-
menced at an early age working in his father's
caid factory, learning the business, and in 1848 was
adnntted as a partner in the card clothing manu-
facturing with his father, the firm known for many
years as Woodcock. Knight & Company, Mr. Wood-
cock retiring in i88r, the company dissolving by
mutual consent, having had a high reputation in
one form or another, since 1802, when the business
was established by Winthrop Earle and John Wood-
cock, grandfather of Theodore E., the subject
proper of this sketch.

Mr. Woodcock was chosen director of the Leices-
ter Bank in 1869. serving until 1904, when the bank
went into liquidation; is second vice-president of
the Leicester Savings Bank; also a member of the
finance committee; he has served as selectman in
his town, and was a director of the Public Library
for many years. Mr. Woodcock is a man of quiet
tastes, home-loving and fond of reading. Although
residing in Worcester, he is still loyal to his native
town. Leicester, and retains his legal residence there,
and is also a regular attendant at the John Nelson
Memorial Church of that place.

WORCESTER COUNTY

In 1850 he was married to Miss Ellen Caldwell,
daughter of John Caldwell, Esq., of Newburyport,
Massachusetts, a most estimable lady of pleasing
manner, but who was unfortunately an invalid for
several years, and died in 1873. By this union, three
children were born, viz.: Anna Ruth; Ellen Orne,
died in 1873, aged seventeen years ; John, died in
infancy. Anna Ruth married, April 28, 1875, George
Richardson, of the firm of Clark, Sawyer Co., of
Worcester. They have two children, and reside in
Worcester, Massachusetts.

HON. THOMAS H. DODGE. Among the
noted and praiseworthy types of manhood whose
career has brightened and blessed his fellowmen,
none rises to a more truly noble and lofty attitude
than an honored son of the "Green Mountain"
state, of whom the subjoined notice and genealogi-
cal sketch is .written. With such an abundance of
real facts from which to draw, one scarcely knows
which to select for record use and which to leave
unemployed. The subject of which we write is

Thontias H. Dodge, who has been an active,
brainy, never-stand-still character, whose career,
now well nigh spent by the coming-on of old age,
will for generations yet to come be kindly remem-
bered for the work he had so intelligently wrought
out with his own brains and willing hands. While
some men achieve great names by military fame ;
some by statesmanlike lives ; others by money-mak-
ing traits alone, this gentleman has made for the
world a true pattern for any young man who wishes
to improve his time and make good use of the op-
portunities with which he finds himself environed,
upon his advent into the world. In this man one
finds a study, which to fully comprehend needs to
be re-enforced by a knowledge of his noble an-
cestry — noble not in a sense of handed-down
"royalty," but of that sturdy self-making, self-deny-
ing, painstaking sort of which most truly great men
are produced.

Concerning the genealogy of Mr. Dodge, let it
be said that he is of English origin, and what people
have been felt more for their intellect and virtues
than the Anglo- SaxOn race? The Dodges have
a history known somewhat of as far back as
1306 A. D., when members of the family held lands
in Stockport, England. But as the object of this
volume is to begin with the American ancestry,
as a rule, and trace the descendants to the present
time, such facts as might be had concerning the
English family will not be atteinpted to be repro-
duced herein.

In the course of researches for this family his-
tory only two main branches have been found, one
descended from William, or Richard, of Beverly,
Massachusetts, and the other from Tristram Dodge,
who settled on Block Island, Rhode Island, in 1660.
April 25, 1629, there sailed from Gravesend, on the
Thames, two boats — one the "Talbot," a vessel of
three hundred tons, and the "Lion's Whelp," a
neat ship of one hundred and twenty tons. They
reached Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, May _ 8. The
journal kept by Reverend Francis Higginson, of
the "Talbot," has been preserved and gives clue
to the origin of all American Dodges. That record
says that the "Lion's Whelp" had forty planters
from Dorchester, many mariners, eight pieces of
ordnance, provisions, and four goats. Both vessels
sailed from Yarmouth, May 11, 1629, and arrived
at Salem, June 29, the same year.

William Dodge settled in that location now called
Beverly, but in early times known as Bass-River-
Side, being separated from Salem by the bay. Tra-
dition states he was tall, with black hair and a
dark complexion. He became a freeman April 17,

T.6zy, and received a grant of land containing sixty
acres in September that year. William Dodge came
to Salem nine years earlier than Richard, hence he
has been called the "father of American Dodges."
The records, however, show the descendants of
Richard outnumber his, probably on account of the
fact that the former had but two sons, while Richard
had five.

Richard Dodge, brother of William (i), was
received as an inhabitant in October, 1638, and was
granted ten acres by the town of Salem. He was
admitted into the churcji at Salem, May 5, 1644.
In 1671 he helped to establish the First Church at
Beverly. Richard died in June, 1671, leaving a will
jjy which it appeaiTS that he left a brother Michael :
the will of Richard, in connection with the will
of his father, John Dodge, renders the origin of
Salem Dodges quite clear. Records in the register's
office of Essex county also show that William Dodge,
senior, had a nephew William Dodge (Coker Will-
iam or William Coker), son of Michael, to whom
by a deed dated May 12, 1685, he gave sixteen
acres of land where now stands the Beverly reser-
voir. On the same date he also imposed a duty
upon his son Captain William Dodge, of Beverly,
to "pay my brother," "if he came to New England
and dwell in this town of Beverly, five pounds per
annum, so long as he shall dwell here" — referring
to his brother in England — doubtless Michael
Sprague, then his only brother, Richard having died
in 1671.

The Dodges for at least four generations rarely
engaged at anything besides farming. They wanted
to possess and improve the soil. They were hard
workers and seldom irreligious; rarely office seek-
ers, and were a temperate set of people. With the
expansion of population they pushed forth for new
homes, to subdue other lands, and have been found
on the wild frontiers, through the northern states,
and today count their descendants by the hundreds
if not thousands all the way from New England
to the waters of the Pacific. Men of note and
national fame may be found here and there from
out their ranks of workers. They are found among
the philanthropic, military, literary, clergy, medical,
legal and college professorships and callings — ever
ready to do and to dare.

To come now direct to the line of genealogy in
this country it may be said, first, that John Dodge
(i) and wife Margery, of Somersetshire, England,
had these children : i. William, came to America,
1629; died between 1685 and t602. He was prob-
ably born about 1604. 2. Richard, appeared in
Salem. 1637 : died June. 1671 : probably born 1602.
3. Michael, lived and died in Somerset county, Eng-
land, and had five children. 4. Mary, died in Eng-
land and had one son — John.

(Ill William Dodge, eldest son of John (l),
born about 1604, came to Salem, Massachusetts, in
162Q. A tradition was handed down by Col. Robert
Dodge to his son Francis, of Georgetown, D. C.,
that "farmer William" came to America when about
twenty-one years of age. to see how he liked it,
and returned to England, telling his father that he
had determined to settle in America, and asked
him for some oresent. His father said, "get mar-
ried and I will give it." William is said to have
had two refusals, but finally succeeded, married,
and for his "present" his father gave him a pair
of bulls. "Farmer William," as he was styled, be-
came a prominent factor in his new home in the
New World. He was elected to many local ofiices
and served in courts as juryman, helped construct
roads; bridges, churches, and was an extensive
farmer. In 1685 he ,sold his real estate, conveying
the homestead to his son Captain William. His

^m^^^.^^

WORCESTER COUNTY

:hildren were: I. Capt. William, born September,
[640; died 1720. 2. Hannah, born 1642; married
5amuel Porter, who died 1660 ; married Thomas
k\'oodbcrry. Josiah Dodge, killed in the Narragan-
>ett war in 1O75, may have been another son.

(II) Richard Dodge, son of John Dodge (l),
:he English ancestor, and a brother to William above
lamed, married in England, and had a son John,
ivho died there. His wife was baptized as Edith.
[t is quite certain that Richard and wife joined the
New England colony in 1638, and as the King
it that time was not allowing emigration, it is
possible that he left England without royal sanc-
;ion. He settled in "Dodge Row," North Beverly,
.vhere he built a house that was occupied and kept
n the family for more than two hundred years.
He and his wife Edith were members of the Wen-
lam Church, but the most of his time and talent
seems to have been spent in farm improvements,
lot paying any special attention to church work.
His wife outlived him seven years, dying June
27. 1678, at the age of seventy-five years. Their
:hildren were : John, Mary, Sarah, Richard, Samuel,
Edward, Joseph.

(III) Joseph Dodge, son of Richard (2), born
in Beverly, 165X, died August 10, 1716; married
Sarah Eaton, of Reading, 1671. He was a farmer
in Beverly, near his father, on Dodge Row. He
ivas one of the executors of his father's estate, re-
:eiving a liberal joint share with his brother Ed-
ward. The children born to Joseph and his wife
ivere : Abigail, Joseph, Noah, Prudence, Abigail,
Jonah, Sarah. Elisha, Charity, Nathaniel.

(IV) Elisha Dodge, son of Joseph (3), born
January, 1687, died January 17, 1755. With his
brother Jonah he shared his father's real estate
holdings. In his will he gave his wife Mary two
cows, f6ur sheep and other property, and to his
son Elisha all real and personal estate. He left
to his wife a negro woman, Bathsheba, who was
to belong to his daughters Lois and Mary on the
death of their mother. His realty was appraised
at 380 pounds, and personal at 114 pounds. He
married Mary Kimball, of Wenham, October, 1709,
and the children born to them were : Jerusha, Lois,
Elisha, Mary, Elisha.

(V) Elisha Dodge, son of Elisha (4), born in
Beverly, May 17, 1723, died after 1777, in New
Boston, married, first, to Eleanor Dodge ; sec-
ondly, to Sarah Foster, of Wenham, 1748, who died
August, 1768: and in 1769 he married Mrs. Deborah
Lovett. He lived in Beverly until 1777, when he
moved his family to New Boston, New Hampshire,
where he died. His children were: Sarah, Jerusha,
Elisha, Noah, Malachi, Abigail, Ella, Enoch,
Mehitable, Mary.

(VI) Enoch Douglas, son of Elisha (s), born
May. 1762. in Beverly, died December 27, 1834,
in Eden. Vermont; married, December 18, 1787,
Jael Cochran, born in New Boston, New Hamp-
shire, 1768, died at Eden, Vermont, April 6, 1844.
They moved to New Boston in 1788. Their chil-
dren were: i. Malachi Foster, born New Boston,
New Hampshire, August 20. 1789. 2. Elizabeth,
born March 28, 1792, died February 22, 1793. 3.
Betsey, born January 17, 1794, died July 22. 1802.
4. Enoch, born December, 1795, died Crete, Illinois,
March 4, 1873. 5. Elisha, born February 18, 1798,
died July, 1802. 6. Jane, born January 25, 1800,
died February, 1844; married Daniel Cornish. 7.
Nathaniel C. born -May, 1802, lived at Jefferson-
ville. Vermont. 8. Joseph, born March 31, 1804.
died June, 1864. 9. Mary, born June 24, 1806, died
1880. 10. Hiram, born June 25, 1808, died May 13,
1859. II John, born December, 1810, died March,
1814.

(VII) Malachi F. Dodge, son of Enoch (6),
born August 20, 17S9, in New Boston, New Ilamp-
.•ihire, died October 13, 1865, in Nashua, New Hamp-
shire. He married Jane Hutchins, January g, 1812,
at Belvidcre, Vermont. They first resided in Bel-
videre and ne.xt in Lowell, Vermont, whence they
removed in 1837 to Nashua, New Hampshire. Their
children were: i. Priscilla D., born May 1813, died
August li, 1864; married William H. Huntley. 2.
Malachi F., born January 8, 1815. 3. Elisha
C, born September 27, 1816, died February,
1825. 4. Sarah Jane, born July 6, 1818, mar-
ried, November 18, 1845, Frederick Plummer
Bixby; both deceased. 5. Daniel Darling, born June
28, 1820, married Miss Wyman; both deceased. 6.
Thomas Hutchins, born September 27, 1823, mar-
ried Eliza Daniels. 7. Abbie R., born June, 1825,
married Rodney M. Rollins; both deceased. 8.
Elisha E., born November 17, 1827, married Martha

E. Fernald ; both deceased. 9. Mary Harding, born
November 20, 1829, married Mason Boyd ; he is
deceased ; she resides in New Hampshire. 10. Eme-
line A., born July, 1832, died October 26, 1865.

(VIII) Malachi F. Dodge, Jr., son of Malachi

F. (7), born January 8, 1815, at Eden, Vermont,
married. May, 1838, Charlotte A. Ober, of Hopkin-
ton, New Hampshire, first, and after her death he
married Hannah P. Edwards. Both are now de-
ceased. They resided at Manchester, New Hamp-
shire, and had following children: I. Infant son, died
in 1841. 2. Edward O., born February, 1844; mar-
ried Ellen L. Dearborn, deceased. 3. Thomas F.,
born October, 1846. 4. Willy H., born November,
1851, deceased. 5. James E., born March, 1854,
resides in Manchester, New Hampshire, and al-
though a Republican in politics has been city auditor
for many years under the administration . of both
parties. 6. Frank E., born September, 1863, deceased.

(VIII) Having brought down from the English
ancestor, the line of descendants to which our chief
subjects belonged, it should here be stated that
he of whom we write, Hon. Thomas H. Dodge (8),
was born September 27, 1823, in the town of Eden,
Lamoille county, Vermont. He is the fourth son
of Malachi F. Dodge (7), and wife Jane liutchins.
Thomas H. had the early advantages of good dis-
trict schools, as his father was a well-to-do farmer.
The family later moved to the town of Lowell,
Vermont, residing on a farm until he was about four-
teen years of age, when his eldest brother secured
a good position with a manufacturing concern at
Nashua. New Hampshire, and the family removed
there. Here he applied himself to his school duties
and became a great admirer of Judge Edmund
Parker, who was his Sabbath school superintendent.
The Dodge family there were members of the Olive
St. Congregational Church. Through the influence
of Judge Parker, young Dodge resolved on becom-
ing a lawyer and manufacturer. He proposed to his
parents to bear his own expenses and thus showing
what he could accomplish, agreeing to pay to his
father a sum for the remainder of his time, as he
had not yet reached his majority. He decided on
learning the cotton manufacturing business, hence
commenced at the bottom as a roll carrier, giving
him a chance to understand all about the raw
product and its preparation for spinning. All this
time he was reading books on this subject. After
earning sufficient money in the factory he entered
Gymnasium Institute, at Pembroke, New Hamp-
shire, where he rapidly advanced, and. at the com-
mencement delivered his first oration, '"The Canadian
Patriot's .Address before his Execution." Learned
state lawyers and jurists were present and he made
a great impression upon all. One judge made the
remark, "That lad has a bright and eventful future

WORCESTER COUNTY

before him." And true it was. But little did they
dream that within a third of a century this lad
would stand so high as a manufacturer and in-
ventor, as well at the forefront as an advocate and
jurist in a special branch of law. He returned to
the cotton mills, and in 1850 published his famous
review of the "liise, Progress and Importance of
Cotton Manufactures of the United States." He was
a close student in many branches of natural phil-
osophy and chemistry. He was a born inventor,
and knew to succeed he must needs be fully posted,
hence his extra training along all mechanical lines
occupied his time for years. Among his numerous
inventions was his printing press, patented to him
by the United States Patent Office, November 18,
1851. From the use of this and other inventions he
received a large income at a tinie in his career
of research and activities when most needed to send
him up higher. Now having the funds — the product
of his own brains — he decided to fit himself for
law, and in 1851 he entered the office of Hon. George
Y. Sawyer and Col. A. F. Stevens, of Nashua, New
Hampshire. Having given three years close study,
he w-as admitted to the bar "at Manchester, New
Hampshire. In 1854 he opened an office at Nashua.
He was then thirty-one years of age. Aside from
his own position as a lawyer he had gained prom-
inence as a manufacturer and inventor of no small
skill. By reason of these things, Hon. Charles
Mason, then United States Commissioner of
Patents, was attracted toward this rising genius,
and tendered him the position in the examining
corps of the United States Patent Office. He was
first assistant, but soon his peculiar ability and iit-
ness caused him to be made an examiner-in-chief.
As long as Commissioner Mason was at the head
of the Patent Office, the advice and opinion of
Mr. Dodge were constantly sought after. He was
finally admitted to practice in the United States
supreme court, and had very many large patent
cases, some involving millions of dollars, in which
he was eminently successful. His clients came from
one ocean to the other, and from the forests of
Maine to the cotton belt of the far away South-
land. In the forepart of 1S64, Mr. Dodge took
xip a residence in Worcester. He had an office
and was a third owner of the Union Mowing
Machine Company, at Worcester, which plant em-
ployed many men and made goods for all parts
of the country. In 1881, while still in an extensive
law practice, he in connection with Charles G.
Washburn, organized the Barbed Fence Company,
of Worcester, of which Mr. Dodge was president.
This was but the commencement of what has become
an immense barbed wire industry. In 1883 the long
years of brain work caused a serious break in his
usual good health, and he was compelled to retire
from the active routine of business cares to which
he had subjected himself for so many years.

In a work such as this, it is impossible to give
space sufficient to give at length, even an outline,
of all of interest connected with this man's career,
but in closing this sketch, a brief review of some
of the more important acts in both his private
and public life will be noted. He started out in
life with a high aim. He worked his own way
through school. He invented several cotton cloth-
making appliances by which hundreds of dollars
were saved each month by each cotton mill. He in-
vented a printing press in the fifties, which principle
carried out has given the world its great continuous
roll printing presses. He improved the manner
of making mowing machines, whereby over a million
men's work is saved each haying season. He dis-
covered the safety valve defect and has taught the

world much about the cause of steam boiler ex-
plosions. He was a chief examiner and chairman
of the board of appeals in the United States Patent
Office, being appointed by Judge Holt, chairman,
who succeeded Judge Mason as Commissioner of
Patents. The latter office Mr. Dodge resigned in
the fall of 1858. Some idea of the esteem in which
Mr. Dodge's services were held may be gained from
the fact that the venerable editor-in-chief of the
National Intelligencer of Washington said that no
other public officer had ever received such a genuine
and high tribute as that which Commissioner Holt
bestowed upon Mr. Dodge, which was as follows:

UDited States Patent Office
November 3, 1858.
Sir: — I have received with emotions of unmineied sorrow your
letter of yesterday resigning the office of examiner, the duties of
which you have for years discharged with such distinguished
honor to yourself, and advantage to the public interest. It would
have been to me a source of high gratitication could I have enjoy-
ed for the future that zealous support which you have so kindly
afforded me in the past. While, however, I fee! that your retire-
ment will be a severe loss to the service, as it will be a personal
atHiction to myself, I cannot be insensible to the weight of the
considerations which have determined you to seek another and
more attractive field of labor, I shall ever recall with the liveliest
satisfaction the pleasant social and oflicial relations which have
marked our intercourse, and in accepting your resignation 1 beg
to offer to you my heartfelt thanks, alike for your personal friend-
ship and for the high, loyal and most effective co-operation, which
in the midst of circumstances of dilficulty and embarrassment you
have constantly extended to me in the adminstration of thisofbce.
In whichever of the variad paths of life it may be your fortune to
tread, be assured that you will bear with you my warmest wishes
for your success and happiness.

Most sincerely your friend,

J. Holt.
Mr. Thomas H. Dodge.

He was instrumental in bringing about a change
in the United States Postal Department at Wash-
ington, by which letters not called for, if containing
a return card, would find their way back to the
writer, without the long, expensive routine of going
through the Dead Letter office. He has been an
eminently successful patent attorney, handling in-
tricate cases, wherein many millions of money have
been at stake. He has been connected with vast
mower and barb wire manufacturing industries at
Worcester. He has given "Dodge Park" to the
city — a gift royal in and of itself. He has, together
with his truly estimable wife, been a faithful church
and Sabbath school worker. They have donated
large sums of money from time to time toward the
building of church edifices in Worcester and other
places, including Trinity Methodist Episcopal
Church, and Union and Piedmont Congregational
Churches. He has given to the Odd Fellows of
Massachusetts the charming grounds upon which
stands the State Odd Fellows' Home in Worcester,
and then gave beautiful grounds adjacent known
as Dodge Park. These were unselfish gifts, because
he is not a member of this great order. He wrote
a twenty page genealogy of one branch of the Dodge
family in i88o. He was true and loyal to the Union
cause in the dark and trying days of the civil war.
He lived in Washington, D. C, and has home was
ever open to those disposed to care for the sick
and wounded soldiers. Both he and his truly good
companion gave of their means and distributed
delicacies of food, both in and outside the regular
hospitals. At no time did this far-seeing man ever
doubt the final triumph which came to the Union
cause. Not able himself to enter the army, he
furnished a substitute at a cost of one thousand
dollars — a young French Canadian, who served with
great credit, and rose to the rank of a commissioned
officer.

Mr. Dodge was married June 29. 1843, to Eliza
Daniels, of Brookline, New Hampshire, and to her
he attributes much of his success in life, as she

WORCESTER COUNTY

has ever cheered and encouraged his undertakings.
Tlie deep interest they have both taken in church
work and the support of the same, with their in-
terest in the Natural History Camp and the Summer
schools for boys and girls, give the readers to know
the tendencies of their minds. May 18, 1905, Mr.
and Mrs. Dodge each donated five hundred dollars
to the cause.

Mr. Dodge is a man of distinguished presence,
dignified, yet genial. His has been a life of great
usefulness. He is noted for liberality of mind and
kind hospitality. The warm place he holds in the
affections of the people, in a community in which
he has done so much good work, and spent so large
a portion of his useful and honorable life, is the best
evidence of his work as a citizen whom all Massa-
chusetts may well be proud to own.

AUGUSTUS GEORGE BULLOCK. Richard
Bullock, (I) the emigrant ancestor of A. (leorge
Bullock, of Worcester, settled in Rehoboth, Mass.,
in 1643. He was a man of some prominence in the
town. Among" other positions he held was that of
town clerk in 1659. He married (first), August 4,
1647, Elizabeth Ingraham, probably daughter of
Richard Ingraham, a settler of -Rehoboth ; he married
(second) Elizabeth Billington, September 21, 1660.
His children were: Samuel, born August 19, 1648;
Elizabeth, October 9, 1650; Mary, February 16,
1652 : Mehitable, April 4, 1655 ; Abigail, August
29, 1657; Hopestill. December 26, 1659; Israel, July
IS, 1661 ; Jilercy, March 13. 1662, died March 19,
1663; John, May 19. 1664; Richard, March 15. 1666-7.

(II) Samuel Bullock, son of Richard (i) and
Elizabeth (Ingraham) Bullock, was born at Reho-
both, Massachusetts, August 19, 1648. He was a
farmer and lived at Rehoboth. His name appears
in the list of proprietors of Rehoboth in 1689. He
was a contributor to the fund raised for de-
fence in King Philip's war in 1675. He married
(first) Mary Thurber, November 12, 1673. He mar-
ried (second) Thankful Rouse, May 26, 1675. Their
children were: Mary, born October 4, 1674; Eben-
jzer, February 22, 1676; Thankful, June 26, 1681 ;
Samuel, November 7, 1683 ; Israel, April 9, 1687 ;
Daniel, 1689; Richard, July I, 1692; Seth, September
26, 1693.

(III) Ebenezer Bullock, son of Samuel Bullock
(2), was born at Rehoboth, Massachusetts. February
22, 1676. He married Sarah Moulton, March 29,
[698. They resided at Rehoboth. Their children
ivere : Mary, born June 6, 1699 ; Mehitable, April
[, 1701 ; Samuel, November 17, 1703; Hugh, April
[, 1706; Aaron, 1707; Squier, iNIarch 4, 1709; Mir-
am, September 30, 1711; Thankful, INIay 23. 1714;
Kathcrinc, died December, 1707; James, August 21,
1716.

(IV) Hugh Bullock, son of Ebenezer Bullock
(3), was -born at Rehoboth, Massachusetts, April
[, 1706. He married (first) Anna Cole, 1733; (sec-
ond) Mehitable . He resided at

Reholioth. His children were : James, born Decem-
3er 17, 1734; Alethea, March 12, 1736; Ebenezer,
Fune 30, 1739; Sarah, August 17, 1741 ; Moulton,
N'ovember ^, 1743 ; Prudence, May 6, 1746 ; Hugh,
.\ugnst 12, 175T ; Barnet (records give Barnard),
Fune 20, 1773.

(V) Hugh Bullock, son of Hugh Bullock (4)
ind Anna Cole, was born August 12, 1751, at
Rehoboth. Massachusetts. His brother Moulton rc-
Tioved to Royalston, Massachusetts, before the rev-
olution and settled there. Moulton's farm was
jwned in 1865 by Jason Fisher. Hu.gh went to
Royalston during the revolution. Hugh Bullock's
farm was north of his brother's. After his sons

were grown up and engaged in other business he
built a house on the common, west of his son Bar-
net's house. This house was occupied in 1865 by C.
H. Newton. Hugh died in this house in 1837, at the
age of eighty-five. His w^ife, Rebecca (Davis) Bul-
lock, died 1809, aged fifty years. Hugh Bullock
was one of the company that started for Saratoga
to repel the invasion of Burgoync. He was in
Captain Peter Woodbury's company, Colonel Job
Cushing's regiment, which reinforced General Stark
at Bennington, Vermont The children of Hugh
Bullock (5) were: Rufus, born September 23,
1779; Calvin; iVIoulton, born 1787, died 1865; Bar-
net, born 1798, died 1884; Candace, was living in
Royalston 1865.

Christopher, Ebenezer, Nathan, and David Bul-
lock also settled in Royalston about this time. The
history of Royalston states that they were cousins
of Hugh and Deacon Moulton Bullock. They were
all stalwart men. David being the tallest man in
town. Their stay in town was short. When they
had their places well cleared and were in the full
vigor of manhood they went westward, following the
tide of settlers from the .Xtlantic states inland after
the revolution.

(VI) Rufus Bullock, son of Hugh Bullock (5),
was born at Royalston, Massachusetts, September
23. 1779- He was perhaps the most distinguished
man who spent his life in the town of Royalston.
He died there January 10, 1858. With small means
he laid the foundation of a good education and be-
came an acceptable school teacher before he was
of age. He taught .school several winters and
worked out at farming in the summers. He was
clerk in the country store, and finally opened a store
on his own account on tlie common. The business
prospered and he led the life of a country merchant
the remainder of his days, accumulating a fortune
for his day and enjoying to a remarkable degree
the respect and confidence of the people of the
vicinity. Mr. Bullock made it a rule to expand
his business as his means increased, never going
beyond but always using fully what he had. He al-
ways gave every detail of his varied business in-
terests his personal supervision. He began to manu-
facture at his mill in South Royalston, which was
very successful. He always conducted a farm and
took time to work in the fields himself, notwith-
standing the demands of his store and factory. He
seemed to find recreation in the variety of his
interests.

Mr. Bullock often served the town in public of-
fice. He was town clerk in 1812 and 1813. He was
selectman in 1811-12-13. He represented Royalston
and his district for five years in the general court.
He was in the state senate 1831-32. He was dele-
gate to the constitutional conventions in 1820 and
1852. and was once chosen a presidential elector.
He left $5,000 in his will to the Congregational
church, in which he always took a profound inter-
est ; he gave $2,500 to the Baptist Society ; $2,500
to the Second Congregational Church at South Roy-
alston ; $5,000 to the town of Royalston for schools.
A significant proviso of the last named bequest
was that the town must keep the cemetery in re-
pair or forfeit the money. The condition of the
old graveyards of Massachusetts at times has been
a reproach to civilization in this state. Mr. Bul-
lock's bequest will doubtless save the graves of Roy-
alston from desecration and neglect. Mr. Bullock
was a trustee of .Amherst College and presented
the telescope for the observatory.

He married. May 4, 1808, Sarah Davis, of Rindge,
New Hampshire. The history of Royalston says
of her: 'She still .-urvives (1S65) and lives among

WORCESTER COUNTY

us, the same indvistrious and cheerful matron of the
olden type, whose wisdom and energy helped to
build the house; and who is still spared to enjoy
it, when builded, and still to attract the children
and the children's children to the ancient home-
stead." Of Mr. Bullock it says: "He was a pa-
triot of the early type — a gentleman of the olden
school — a friend to be trusted, a man whose prin-
ciples bore the test of intimate acquaintance and in-
spection, and whose influence, unobtrusive but po-
tent, has been eminently useful." Their children
were : Maria Louisa, born October 14, 1809 ; Emily,
born September lO, 181 1, married W. D. Ripley,
died -May l, 1904; Rebecca, born April 28, 1814,
married Nelson Wheeler; Alexander Hamilton, born
March 2, 1816, died January . 17, 1882; Charles
Augustus, born 1818, died^ August 25, 1882 ; Rufus
Henrv, born January 9, 1821.

(Vn) Alexander Plamilton Bullock, son of
Rufus Bullock (6), was born at Royalston, Massa-
chusetts, March 2, 1816. He entered Amherst Col-
lege in 1832, was a diligent student and on his
graduation, in 1836, delivered the salutatory ora-
tion at commencement. In the catalogue of his
contemporaries at college are found the names of
Rev. Richard S. Storrs, Rev. Henry Ward Beecher,
Bishop Huntington and other famous men. After
graduating he taught school for a short time at
Princeton, N. J., and then partly at the wish of his
father and partly on account of his own inclination
entered the Harvard Law School. After leaving
the law school he spent a year in the office of the
well known lawyer, Emory Washburn, of Worcester,
where he gained a good knowledge of the details of
legal practice, and in 1841 was admitted to the bar.
Senator Hoar said of Mr. Bullock: "He disliked
personal controversy. While he possessed talents
which would have rendered him a brilliant and per-
suasive advocate, the rough contests of the court
house could never have been congenial to him. He
was associated with Judge Thomas as junior coun-
sel in one important capital trial, in which he is said
to have made an eloquent opening argument. He
had a considerable clientage for a young man, to
whom he was a safe and trustworthy adviser. But
he soon established a large business as agent of im-
portant insurance companies and withdrew himself
altogether from the practice of law."

From early manhood Mr. Bullock took a decided
interest in politics. The prominence of his father
in political circles may have increased a natural
taste for public life. He was particularly well versed
in constitutional law and that fact, together^ with
the well defined convictions he held, gave him in
debate and in administration great advantages: He
was originally a Whig. Step by step he advanced
to the highest position in the commonwealth. He
was a member of the house of representatives for
eight years, first in 1845, last in 1865. In 1862-
63-64-65, during the civil war, all legislative
positions were of extraordinary importance and in-
volved great responsibility. He was exceedingly
popular among his colleagues. He was a state sena-
tor in 1849, judge of the Worcester county court
of insolvency for two years— 1856-8, having served
as commissioner of insolvency since 1853. He was
mayor- of Worcester in 1859. The greatest event
of his public career was his service as governor of
the commonwealth in 1866-67-68. At his first elec-
tion he received nearly 50,000 votes more than his
opponent. Governor Bullock had many opportuni-
ties to serve in high positions in the national gov-
ernment. Among other places that he declined was
the mission to England offered him by President
Hayes.

In financial, humane and all reformatory move-

ments Governor Bullock was active and efficient.
He was president of the State Mutual Life Assur-
ance Company, and of the Worcester County In-
stitution of Savings ; director of the Worcester
National Bank ; chairman of the finance commit-
tee of the trustees of Amherst College, and a life
member of the. New England Historic-Genealogical
Society. While editor and publisher of the Daily
Aegis (now The Gazette) he displayed marked
ability as a writer and newspaper man. He re-
ceived the honorary degree of LL. D. from Amherst
and Harvard Colleges. He was a great friend of
learning, interested in all educational institutions.

In 1869 he visited Europe with his family. Upon
his return the following year he was received with
a public demonstration to welcome him home and
give evidence of the respect and love of his towns-
men. Governor Bullock was an orator of great
power. A volume of his addresses was published.
Senator Hoar, who made a special study of orators,
said of Gevernor Bullock's speeches : "Above all,
he possessed, beyond any of his living contemporar-
ies, that rare gift of eloquence which always has
been and always will be a passport to the favor of
the people where speech is free." His eulogy of
President Lincoln in Worcester in 1865 was one
of many notable public addresses that he delivered.
He delivered the commemorative oration at the
centennial of the incorporation of his native town
of Royalston.

Governor Bullock married, 1844, Elvira Hazard,
daughter of Colonel A. G. Hazard, of Enfield,
Connecticut, founder of the Hazard Gunpowder
Manufacturing Company. Their children were :
Augustus George, born at Enfield, Connecticut ; Isa-
bel, married Nelson S. Bartlett, of Boston ; Fanny,
married Dr. William H. Workman, of Worcester.
(VHI) A. George Bullock, son of the late Alex-
ander H. (7) and Elvira (Hazard) Bullock, was born
June 2, 1847, at Enfield, Connecticut. His life has
been spent from infancy, however, in the city of
Worcester. He attended the Highland IVIilitary
Academy and graduated there in 1862. After two
years of preparation under Professor E. G. Cutler
he entered college in 1864. Professor Cutler, his
tutor, was afterward professor of English literature
at Harvard. In 1868 Mr. Bullock graduated at
Harvard College. Soon afterward he began the
study of law in the offices of the late Judge Thomas
L. Nelson and the late Senator George F. Hoar.
He was admitted to the bar and entered upon the
practice of his profession. His career as a lawyer
closed with his election to the presidency of the
great insurance company, although a legal train-
ing is perhaps most essential in the education of
the executive head of such a corporation. Certainly
Mr. Bullock's legal experience increased his effi-
ciency and augumented his success in developing
the business of the State Mutual Company. His
predecessor in the presidency was Philip L. Moen,
who completed the year to which Mr. Bullock's
father, Alexander H. Bullock, had been elected in
January, 1882, his death two weeks later making a
vacancy. In the following year A. George Bullock
was elected. New methods were introduced and the
company grew amazingly. This company began its
business in Worcester in 1845. Its first first presi-
ident, John Davis, its third president, Alexander H.
Bullock, and its vice-president, Emory Washburn,
were at various times elected governor of the com-
monwealth. The second president of the company,
Isaac Davis, was almost as prominent in public af-
fairs as his uncle who preceded him. He was
president twenty-nine years. A vice president and
one of the organizers was John Milton Earle, who
was editor of The Spy for so many years. In

/Z^^ . //. (Z^^-^^t^^^-^^^

%•

WORCESTER COUNTY

•ecent years, under Ihe present management, the
)nsiness of the company has increased phenomenally,
rhe company has among its assets one of the at-
ractive office buildings of Boston and the most val- •
lable office building by far in Worcester, contain-
ng two hundred and one offices.

Mr. Bullock's other interests are extensive. He
s president of the Norwich & Worcester Railroad
Company ; vice-president of the Worcester Con-
lolidated Street Railroad Company ; president of
he Worcester. Railways and Investment Company;
rustee and member of the board of investment of
he Worcester County Institution for Savings ; di-
rector of the Providence & Worcester Railroad
i^ompany ; director of the Boston & Albany Rail-
oad Company ; director of the Worcester Gaslight
~ompany ; director of the Worcester National Bank ;
lirector of the Worcester Trust Company ; director
>f the Railways anl Lighting Company of Boston ;
lirector of the State Street Trust Company of Bos-
on ; director of the American Loan and Trust
I^ompany of Boston. He was a commissioner
it large to the Columbian exposition at Chi-
:ago in 1S93, appointed by the president of
he United States. He has been chairman of
he directors of the Public Library. He was
iormerly trustee of the State Lunatic Hos-
lital at Worcester. He is a member of the Amcri-
:an Antiquarian Society and of The Worcester
jociely of Antiquity. He is a member of the Tat-
mck Country Club, Commonwealth Club, Worcester
riub, Harvard Club of New York, University Club
if New York, Somerset Club of Boston and of the
Jnion Club of Boston. He attends the First Uni-
arian church. He is a Republican. He resides in
I handsome brownstone house at 48 Elm street,
juilt by Governor Bullock. By a singular coin-
:idence the former residence of Governor Lincoln
s directly across Elm street. Mr. Bullock has a
jeautiful country home near INIt. Wachusett, in the
own of Princeton.

He married Mary Chandler, dau.ghter of Dr.
jeorge and Josephine (Rose) Chandler, of Wor-
:ester, October 4, 1871. Their children, all of whom
vere born in Worcester, were : Chandler, born
August 24, 1872; Alexander Hamilton, November
■, 1875; Augustus George, Jr., April 20, 1880, died
4pril 29, 1880; Rockwood Hoar, August 21, 1881.

(IX) Chandler Bullock married, October, 1900,
klabcl Richardson, daughter of George Richardson,
)f Worcester. Their children are: Margaret, born
n Worcester, December 22, 1901 ; Josephine Rose,
)orn June 21, 1904. He is a lawyer practicing in
.Vorcester.

(IX) Alexander Hamilton Bullock married

Florence Armsby, widow of McClellan,

Func. 1902. His wife has a daughter Beulah
)y her first marriage. He is a lawyer practicing in
kVorcester.

(IX) Rockwood Hoar Bullock married Eliza-
)eth Bliss Dewey, daughter of Francis H. Dewey,
)f Worcester, June 8, 1905.

Barnet Bullock was the fifth generation from
Richard Bullock, the emigrant ancestor. He was
3orn in the west part of Royalston, June 9, 1798,
ind during his active life followed the business of
I merchant in that town. He held for a long time
:he commission of justice of the peace, doing most
Df the public business in that line in the town for
many years, besides filling various responsible town
offices. He was town clerk from 1837 to 1847;
selectman, 1840, 1844 and 1845, and representative
to the general court in 1843 and 1844. One of the
oldest and most prominent citizens of Royalston,
he died September i. 1884, being the last survivor
of the four sons of Hugh Bullock, who came from

Rehoboth and settled in Royalston during the revolu-
tion. He married, November 27, 1828, Lucy New-
ton, daughter of Nathan Brighani Newton. Their
children were Calvin, born September 21, 1829, died
March 5, 1S70; Brighani Newton, born .'\pril 6,
1831, died February 20, 1906; Barnet Ellis, born
March 22, 1833; Lucy Lee, born May 25, 1835, died
September 18, 1882 ; Elizabeth Candace, born Octo-
ber 16, 1838, died March 24, 1843 ; Charles Stuart,
born January 20, 1841 ; James Frederick, born July
21, 1842, died May 28, 1870; Mary Elizabeth, born
December 18. 1847, died i\iarch 21, i86g.

Brigham Newton Bullock was the second son of
Barnet Bullock, and was born in Royalston, April 6,
1831. He spent his early life in his native town,
where he attended the common schools. February
24, 1847, at the age of sixteen, he started out in
life by entering the employment of Joseph Esta-
brook, who kept a country store and the postoffice.
Me remained with Mr. Estabrook until the fall
of 1851, when for a short time he attended the
fall term of the high school, kept by Crandall Bros.
On October 20 of the same year he left Royals-
ton and the high school to enter the passenger de-
partment of the office of the Vermont & Massa-
chusetts Railroad in Fitchburg, where he remained
until January, 1874. He then went to Boston, where
he was cashier of the Boston, Hartford & Erie
Raih-oad from March, 1874, until .August, 1874.
From there he went to -the Home Savings Bank,
Boston, August 6, 1874, as treasurer, and remained
until February 27, 1882, when he returned to Fitch-
burg and entered the Fitchburg National Bank as
cashier, holding that office until he was made presi-
dent in 1S88, and as an active working president he
served the bank for the remainder of his life. Under
his administration its affairs were conducted w^ith
great success, and its resources largely increased.

His acknowledged ability as a financier led the
trustees of the Fitchburg Savings Bank to secure
his services as treasurer, when a vacancy occurred
in that office in July, 1894, and he remained treas-
urer, to their great satisfaction, until the law
separating national and savings banks went into
effect in 1904, when he was chosen chairman of the
board of investment, and in that capacity was able
to give to the bank the benefit of his valuable over-
sight and experience while he lived. In addition
to the responsibilities of the conduct of these two
large financial institutions, to which he gave most
of his time and attention, he served as a director
in the Fitchburg Railroad Company, in the Fitch-
burg Mutual Fire Insurance Company, in the Grant
Yarn Company, and in the Simonds Manufacturing
Company of Fitchburg. . He was a member of the
First (Unitarian) Parish.

Mr. Bullock was not only a successful financier,
but a man of sterling character, and to all the re-
sponsibilities which he assumed he honestly and
faithfully devoted himself. His "word was as good
as his bond." He would have nothing superficial.
The whole structure of every institution which he
managed must be thoroughly sound and strong from
its very foundation ; and so he left them. Not only
was he a strong, practical man of business, firm in
his convictions, and just in all his dealings, but he
also had a heart sensitive to all needs of humanity
and the beautiful in art and nature. He was a
devoted husband and father, and a faithful friend
and a genial companion to all who enjoyed his
intimate acquaintance. He always retained his af-
fection for his native town of Royalston, and spent
a portion of each summer in that beautiful hill
town of Massachusetts. He was of the best product
of tiie New England country town.

Brighani N. Bullock married, November 13, 1888,

WORCESTER COUNTY

Flora Belle Ripley, of Fitchburg. She survives her
husband, who died in Boston, February 20, 1906.
Their only child is Richard Bullock, born May 3,
1892.

THE GREEN FAMILY. (I) Thomas Green
was the ancestor of the Green family of Worcester,
to which belong Samuel Swett Green, librarian of
the Free Public Library ; Martin Green, a civil
engineer and contractor ; and James Green, a lawyer,
of Worcester; Oliver Bourne Green, a civil engineer
and contractor, of Chicago; Dr. John Green and
Dr. John Green, Jr., both oculists, of St. Louis ;
the late Andrew Haswell Green, "Father of Greater
New York;" and many others, both of the sur-
name of Green and of other surnames.

Thomas Green was born in England in about
the year 1600, according to a deposition which he
made August 16, 1662. A Thomas Green, who prob-
ably w-as his son, came over to Massachusetts, at
the age of fifteen, in the "Planter," which sailed
from England April 2, 1635. The same name and
age appear also in the "Hopewell," which sailed
the next day, and are believed to represent the same
Thomas Green, Jr. Preceding the list of passen-
gers in the "Planter," is a certificate which states
that Thomas Green came from St. Albans, Hertford-
shire. It seems likely that Thomas Green, senior,
came to New England at the same time, or a
little earlier, and settled at Lynn and Ipswich. He
was living at Lady Moody's farm at Lynn about
1646. The Green "Genealogical Sketch," which was
published before some of these facts were dis-
covered in the records, states that he probably
removed from Ipswich to Maiden in 1649 or 1650.
He was certainly in Maiden. October 28, 1651, when
his wife Elizabeth and his daughter Elizabeth signed
a petition to the general court. He had a farm of
sixty-three acres in the northern part of Maiden.
He was one of the leading citizens, serving re-
peatedly on the grand jurj', and in 1658 as a select-
man of Maiden.

When the "Genealogical Sketch of the Descend-
ants of Thomas Green (e) of Maiden, Mass., by
Samuel S. Green of Providence, R. I.," was written,
there were "reasons for supposing that Thomas
Green, senior, came from Leicestershire, but no
proofs of the fact." If the suggestion that Thomas
Green who came over in the "Planter" was his
son, is well grounded, the home of the family would
seem to have been at St. Albans.

The first wife of Thomas Green, senior. Eliza-
beth, whom he married in England, was the mother
of all his children. She died August 22, 1658. He
married secondly, Frances Cook, September 5. 1659.
She was born in 1608. married first to Isaac Wheeler,
secondly to Richard Cook, who died October 14,
1658. She had children by the first two husbands ;
none by the third, Thomas Green. Thomas Green
(I) died December 19, 1667. His will, dated No-
vember 12, 1667, was proved January iS, 1667-8.
In it he mentions five sons, five daughters and his
wife. The homestead was situate in that part of
Maiden which is now included in Melrose and
Wakefield. The children of Thomas and Elizabeth
Green were :

T. Elizabeth, born about 1628.

2. Thomas, born in 1620 (if it is true, as the
ship-records say, that he was fifteen years old
when he sailed [in 1635,] : but ages in these lists of
emigrants are not to be relied on'). He married
Rebecca Hills, 1653. [See his sketch later, "Thomas
(H)."]

3. John, born in England about 1632. according
to the Genealogy ; married to Sarah 'VV^heeler, De-

cember 18, 1660. (Church records give birth of
John, son of Thomas, Sr., January 25, 1658).

4. Mary, born in England about 1633 ; married
before 1656 to Capt. John Waite, who was select-
man seven years, and representative to the general
court, 1666 to 1684.

5. William, born about 163S ; married first to
Elizabeth Wheeler; married secondly to Isabel
(Farmer) Blood.

6. Henry, born 1638; married January II, 1671-2.

7. Samuel, born March, 1645 ; married first,
1666, to Mary Cook; secondly, to Susanna .

8. Hannah, born 1647; married November 5,
1666, to Joseph Richardson, of Woburn, Mass. She
died May 20, 1721.

9. Martha, born 1650.

10. Dorcas, born in Maiden, May I, 1653 ; mar-
ried January 11, 1671-2, to James Barrett of Maiden,
who was born April 6, 1644. She die'd 1682; he died
1694.

(II) Thomas Green, son of Thomas Green (i),
was born in England 1620, — if the record of the list
of passengers of the ship "Planter" which sailed
April 2, 1635, or the "Hopewell," which sailed the
next day, is correct. He claimed to be fifteen years
old then. He married in 1653, or before, Rebecca
Hills, daughter of Joseph Hills, of Maiden, later
of Newbury, Massachusetts. (See sketch Joseph
Hills family in this work.) Rebecca's mother was
Rose Dunster. a sister of Rev. Henry Dunster, first
president of Harvard College. Thomas Green (2)
settled in Maiden. He was a farmer, was admitted
a freeman. May 31, 1670, and died February 13,
1671-2. His will was dated the same day, and
proved April 2, 1672. His widow, Rebecca, died
June 6, 1674. The inventory of her estate was
filed March 4, 1674-5. by her son-in-law, Thomas
Newell. The children of Thomas and Rebecca
Green were :

1. Rebecca, born 1654; married to Thomas
Newell, of Lynn. 1674.

2. Thomas, born February, 1655-6 ; died April

IS. 1674-

3. Hannah, born October 16, 1658; died March
25, 1659-

•4. Hannah, born February 24, 1659-60; married
.\ugust 26, 1677, to John 'Vinton, of Maiden, and
later of Woburn, Massachusetts.

5. Samuel, born October 5, 1670; married to
Elizabeth LTpham, about 1692.

(III) Captain Samuel Green, the only son of
Thomas (2) and Rebecca Hills Green who came
to full age. was born October 5, 1670. He was one
of the principal men in Leicester or Strawberry
Hill, where he settled in 1717. The town was
granted February 10, 1713-14. and Capt. Samuel
Green was on the committee with Col. William Dud-
ley of Roxbury and others to settle it. He owned
three lots of forty acres each, and two of thirty each,
in the town of Leicester, and was highly respected
and very influential. The vicinity of his old home-
stead, now a village, is called after him, Green-
ville. He built a house, grist mill and saw mill.
At the first town meeting of which there is any
record, he was elected moderator, first selectman
and grand juror, and he held like offices in the town
of Leicester the remainder of his life. Governor
Washburn, in his history, calls him a prominent man,
and he is honored as one of the pioneers. He also
owned land in Hardwick, Massachusetts. He was
always called Captain, a rank he won at Maiden,
and he was the first captain of the Leicester com-
pany of militia. Capt. Samuel Green married Eliza-
beth, daughter of Lieut. Phinehas LTpham. of Wor-
cester, a son of Deacon John Upham, w-ho had ar-

WORCESTER COUNTY

■ived from England, September 2, 1633, settled at
A^eymouth, Massachusetts, moved to Maiden about
:6so, and was one of the original proprietors of
3uinsigamond. His son Phinehas Upham settled
n Worcester in April, 1675. After the Indians had
iestroyed the first white settlements at Mendon,
Brooktield and Worcester, Lieut. Upham fought
)ravely in the battle of Narraganset Fort, Decem-
)er ig, 1675, where he was mortally wounded. Capt.
Samuel Green died January 2, 1735-6. His will 'was
nade at Maiden just before he came to Leicester
o settle, April 18. 1717, and it was proved Febru-
i'"y 5, 1735-6. His wife died at Leicester, prob-
.bly in 1761. Their children were :

1. Elizabeth, born April 4, 1693, married to
rhomas Richardson of Maiden.

2. Rebecca, born April 4, 1695, married to Samuel
Baldwin. (According to Maiden records the first
wo were twins, born April 4, 1695).

3. Ruth, married to Joshua Nichols.

4. Thomas, born 1699, married to Martha Lynde
n Maiden, January 13, 1725-6.

5. Lydia, married to her cousin, Abiathar Vin-
on of Maiden, April 30, 1723. He resided in Brain-
ree a year or two after his marriage, then settled
n Leicester, where he lived until his death in 1740.
iis widow Lydia married secondly, January 15,
746. Samuel Stower, of Leicester, a native of
flalden.

6. Bafhsheba, married to Elisha Xevins.

7. Abigail, married to Henry King.

8. Any (Anna?), married to Ebenezer Lamb.
(IV) Dr. Thomas Green, son of Capt. Samuel

jreen (3), was born in Maiden in 1699. He mar-
ied, January 13. 1725-6, Martha Lynde, daughter
f Capt. John Lynde by his third wife, Judith Worth,
.'idow' of Joscs Bucknam of Maiden. Martha Lynde
ras born July 6. 1700. Before Capt. Samuel Green
emoved his family to Leicester, in 1717, he and his
on Thomas had driven some cattle from Maiden to
lie site of their new home, preparatory to moving
he family. Thomas was left at Leicester in charge
f the cattle, while his father returned to Maiden.
Vhile there alone the boy was attacked with fever
nd became very ill. In his weak state he lay in
sort of cave made by an overhanging rock on a
ttlc 'stream, and secured food by milking a cow
/hich he induced to come to him frequently by
ying her calf to a tree near the cave. At length
i\'0 of his former neighbors at Maiden, who had
ome on horseback to look after their cattle, found
im, but refused to take him home. They notified
is father, however, wdio went at once to his relief,
nd got him home on horseback after a painful
Durney of four days.

Thomas Green's attention was early turned to
le studv of medicine. His impluse in this direction
; said to have come from two English ship-sur-
eons — it is even said they were pardoned buc-
aneers, — who lived iw his father's house at Leicester,
lught young Thomas with interest and lent him
ledical books. He grew to be friendly with the
ndians and learned from them the curative proper-
,es of native herbs. As the settlement grew his
ledical practice extended over a wider field and
ven into Rhode Island and Connecticut. Many
oung men came to him for instruction in medi-
ine; he is said to have taught one hundred and
A-enty-three medical students. The very slight facts
fhich have come down to us about Dr. Thomas
Ireen's study and practice of medicine show him
3 have been the most prominent practitioner of the
nuntry doctors of his time; but these facts are
specially interesting because he was the first of
long line of famous physicians and surgeons. His

son, grandson and great-grandson, each named John
Green, were each of them the most distinguished
physician in Worcester county; while Dr. John
Green of St. Louis, the descendant of Thomas in the
next generation, is now the foremost eye-surgeon
in the Mississippi Valley; and his son Dr. John
Green, Jr., also of St. Louis, is already a prominent
and successful practitioner in the same specialty
of medicine. Five generations of Dr. John Greens
go back to Dr. Thomas Green as their progenitor
and their forerunner in the noble art of improving
the health of man.

Dr. Thomas Green (4) joined the First Baptist
Church at Boston, November 7, 1731. But in 1735
he was dismissed from that church to take part
in forming another church at Sutton, the parent-
church of his denomination in Worcester county,
and the fourth Baptist church in the Province of
Massachusetts Bay. On September 28, 1737, he and
Benjamin Marsh were ordained as pastors of this
Sutton church. One year later to a day, the Leices-
ter families of the congregation erected a church of
their own at Greenville (in Leicester), the eighth
Baptist church in Massachusetts, and Dr. Thomas
Green, who was a charter member of both the Sutton
and the Leicester church, was chosen the first pastor
of the new church, and he remained its pastor for
almost thirty-five years. In a historical discourse
delivered at the Greenville church in 1888, on the
150th anniversary of its foundation, the Rev. Hiram
C. Estes, D. D., its pastor, says of the church-
building, "that Dr. Green was the principal pro-
prietor of the house; that its grounds were given
by him, and its frame was raised and covered at his
expense." "While he was preaching on Sunday,"
said Hon. Andrew H. Green on the same anni-
versary, "at his home across the way the pot was
kept boiling to supply the needed sustenance to the
little flock which came from all directions to attend
upon his ministrations." During his ministry in
Leicester, he baptized more than a thousand per-
sons. In "Rippon's Register" he is spoken of as
"eminent for his useful labors in the gospel min-
istry." His preaching was not confined to his
own parish ; he was widely known as Elder Grren.
In 1756. Rev. Isaac Backus, the Baptist Annalist in
New England, held a meeting with Mr. Green's
church, and made the following entry in his diary:
"I can but admire how the Doctor (Thomas Green)
is able to get along as he does, having a great deal
of farming business to manage, multitudes of sick
to care for, several opportunities to instruct in the
art of physic, and a church to care for and watch
over; yet in the midst of all he seems to keep re-
ligion uppermost — to hold his mind bent upon divine
things — and to be very bold in Christian conver-
sation with all sorts of people." Dr. Estes said,
in his discourse above quoted, that "Dr. Greert lived
three lives and did the work of three men in
one. He w-as a man of business, active, energetic
and successful. * * * He was also a noted phy-
sician ; * * * and was a preacher of the gospel
nuitc as eminent in this as in his other spheres of
life."

Dr. Green's homestead was next beyond the
river from the Baptist Church on the road to
Charlton, where his grandson, Samuel Green, after-
wards kept a tavern. He died August 10, 1773. at
the age of seventy-four years. His wife Martha
died June 20. 1780. They were buried in the church-
yard at Greenville, but their remains were removed
to the Rural Cemetery in Worcester, by Dr. John
Green (7). a descendant, where the graves are suit-
ably marked. The children of Thomas and Martha
Green were:

WORCESTER COUNTY

1. Samuel, born in Leicester 1726; married to
Zerviah Dana; married secondly to Widow Fish.

2. Martha, born at Leicester April 23, 1727,
married about 1753 to Robert Craig (born Decem-
ber 10, 1726; he died October 13, 1805); she died
September 17, 1801 ; Craig studied medicine under
Dr. Thomas Green, but returned to the manufacture
of spinning wheels instead of practicing ; they had
nine children.

3. Isaac, married to Sarah Howe.

4. Thomas L., born 1733, married to Hannah
Fox ; married secondly to Anna Hovey.

5. John, born in Leicester August 14, 1736, mar-
ried to Mary Osgood, and secondly to Mary
Ruggles.

6. Solomon, married to Elizabeth Page.

7. Elizabeth, married first, to Daniel Hovey;
married secondly, January 16, 1776, to Rev. Benja-
min Foster (Yale 1774; Brown DD. 1792), who
succeeded Rev. Thomas Green as pastor of the
Baptist church at Leicester; removed to Newport,
Rhode Island, thence to Gold Street Church, New
York city, where he died of yellow fever in 1798.

"Dr. Thomas Green," says Samuel S. Green in
his biography of the late Andrew H. Green, "bought
the homestead in Worcester which forms the nucleus
of the extensive and beautifully situated estate on
Green Hill, lately owned by Andrew H. Green.
This is one of the finest gentlemen's places in that
neighborhood, contains over five hundred acres of
field and forest and water, and has lately become a
part of the park system of the City of Worcester.
The deed was given by Thomas Adams to Thomas
Green of Leicester, dated May 28, 1754, in con-
sideration of 330 pounds." His son John appears
to have married and gone to Green Hill to live,
about the year 1757, when he c^nus of age. The
tradition of the family is that Thomas located his
son on this hill remote from Worcester village that
he might be protected by distance from the tempta-
tions of the town. At Dr. Thomas Green's death,
August 19, 1773, his entire estate passing through
the probate office was appraised at 4,495 pounds,
equivalent very nearly to $22.477 : an estate said
to have been larger than any that had been entered
at the probate office in Worcester previous to his
death.

(V) Dr. John Green, fifth child of Dr. and
Rev. Thomas Green (4), was born in Leice'Jter,
Massachusetts, August 14, 1736. He married first,
Mary Osgood, of Worcester, apparently just as he
came of age. in 1757. She was born August 31,
1740, and died September 5. 1761. He married
secondly apparently in 1762, Mary Ruggles. daugh-
ter of Brig. Gen. Timothy Ruggles. of Sandwich,
afterwards of Hardwick. Massachusetts. , Mary was
born in Sandwich, on Cape Cod, in 1740, and died
in Worcester. June 16, 1814, aged seventy-four
years.

Dr. John Green studied medicine with his father,
in company with many other students. On coming
of age. he moved to Worcester and built his house
upon the eminence at the north end of Worcester
which came to be known as Green Hill. Here he
lived for his whole life. He was very successful
from the first. He adopted the practice of watch-
ing over his natients like a nurse, day and night,
if required. He became even more famous as a phy-
sician and surgeon than his distinguished father.
His son, grandson, great-grandson and great-great-
grandson, all of the same name and title of Dr.
John Green, have also attained unusual eminence
in the same profession. No better evidence of in-
herited aptitude and skill in medicine and surgery
could be shown. Dr. John Green instructed many

students, as his father had done. At first he had
his office at the house on Green Hill, but later in
a small wooden structure on Main street, on the
original site of the Five Cent Savings Bank build-
ing. At that time there were but seven houses on
Main street between the Common and Lincoln
Square. William Lincoln, in his "History of Wor-
cester," writing in 1836, says: "Tradition bears
ample though very general testimony to his worth.
Fortunate adaptation of natural capacity to pro-
fessional pursuits gave an extensive circuit of em-
ployment and high reputation. Habits of accurate
observation, the action of vigorous intellect, and
the results of experience, seem to have supplied
the place of that learning deriving its acquirements
from the deductions of others through the medium
of books. Enjoying great esteem for skill and fidel-
ity, hospitality and benevolence secured personal re-
gard." Dr. Samuel B. Woodward writes of Dr.
Green: "An earnest patriot, he was in 1773 a mem-
ber (and the only medical member) of the American
Political Society, which was formed 'on account
of the grievous burdens of the times,' and did so
much to bring about that change of public senti-
ment which e.xpelled the adherents of the Crown.
He took a prominent part in all the Revolutionary
proceedings, and in 1777 was sent as representative
to the general court. In 1778 and 1779 he was
town treasurer and in 1780 one of the selectmen,
the only physician who ever held that office" in
Worcester.

The father of Dr. Green's second wife. Gen.
Timothy Ruggles, of Hardwick, was a distinguished
lawyer, judge, statesman and soldier. He was op-
posed, however, to the Revolution, and is called by
historians "Massachusetts' great loyalist." Hon.
Andrew H. Green of New York, a descendant, had
a biography of Gen. Ruggles published.

Dr. John Green died in Worcester, October 29,
T7g9, at the age of sixty-three. All his children were
born on Green Hill, Worcester ; the first three be-
ing the children of Mary Osgood, Thomas's first
wife, and the last ten being the children of Mary
Ruggles, his second wife :

1. John, born April i, 1758; died September 20,
1761.

2. Mary, born November 27, 1759; died Febru-
rary 15. l759-6o.

3. Thomas, born January 3, 1761 ; married
October 8, 1782, to Salome Barstow of Sutton.

4. John, born March 18. 1763, married to Nancy
Barber of Worcester. [See sketch of his life
later.]

5. Timothy, born January 9, 1765; married to
Mary Martin of Providence, Rhode Island.

6. Samuel, born May 10, 1767 : married to

Widow Tillinghast ; married secondly, to

Waring.

7. Elijah Dix. born July 4, 1769: never mar-
ried; he was a graduate of Brown, 1792; practiced
medicine at Charleston, South Carolina ; died Sep-
tember 21, 1795.

8. Mary, born April 30, 1772 ; never married ;
she died at the house of her brother, Samuel, in
Columbia. South Carolina. September 24, 1824.

9. Elizabeth, born July 31, 1774; unmarried;
.she died at Green Hill. February 3, 1854, aged

eighty: lived chieflv with her brother Timothy, in
New York city.

10. William Elijah, born January 31, 1777. [See
his sketch, later.]

11. Meltiah, born July 28, 1779; died unmar-
ried, December, iSoo. of yellow fever, at St. Bar-
tholomew, West Indies; ^as a resident of Jamaica.

12. Bourne, born December 15, 1781 ; died un-

WORCESTER COUNTY

narried, August, 1806, at sea ; was engaged in
ommerce.

13. Isaac, born September 4, 1784; died Sep-
ember 9, 1807, while a member of the Sophomore
lass of Columbia College, New York.

(VI) Dr. John Green, son of Dr. John Green
5) and Mary (Ruggles) Green, was born at VVor-
ester, on Green Hill, March 18, 1763. He studied
nedicine with his father and began to practice at
he age of eighteen. He inherited the skill and
.bility of his father and grandfather. Particularly
killed in surgery, his services were in constant de-
nand, "while daily could be seen," says Charles
fappan, "Dr. Green and his half-dozen students
nounted on horesback and galloping through the
itreets as if some one or more were in peril."
ie lived at first in the little wooden office-building
)f his father on Main street. Later he built a hou.se
ust south of it. He was, we are told by the "Gen-
■alogy," "of industrious habits, patient, pcrsevcr-
ng; in his manners, urbane and obliging: in his
udgments, discriminating, and always reliable; a
nan of ereat powers of observation ; he had an ex-
ensive practice in Worcester and the surrounding
egion. He combined with accurate practice as a
ihysician, rare skill as a surgeon." Hon. Oliver
~iske, his biographer, said of him : "From his
:hildhood the natural bias of his mind led him

that profession which through life was the sole
(bject of his ardent pursuit. To be distinguished
IS a physician was not his chief incentive. To
issuage the sufferings of humanity by his skill
■vas the higher motive of his benevolent mind,
ivery duty was performed with delicacy and tender-
less. With these propensities, aided by a strong,
nquisitive and discriminating mind, he attained to

1 pre-eminent rank among the physicians and sur-
;eons of our country." He was tall, strong and
tttractive in person. He died August II, 1808, at
he age of forty-five years, having practiced, how-
;ver, for twenty-seven years, for the last nine of
vhich he was practically the only physician in the
own. The Worcester Spy reported that "To his
uneral came the largest concourse of people from
his and neighboring towns ever knowm to be col-
ected here on a similar occasion." "It has been the
ligh privilege of few of our community to enjoy
:o much confidence and respect, to be so loved while
iving and so mourned when dead." .

He married Nancy Barber, granddaughter of
iiobert Barber of Northville, who was among the
Presbyterians who fled from the religious pcrse-
:utions in his native land and sought refuge in Ire-
and, whence he came to America, and made the
Barber estate near Barber's Crossing, in North-
ville, Massachusetts. The children were:

1. John, born April 19. 1784; married to Dolly
Zurtis of Worcester. They had no children. [See
sketch of his life later.]

2. Eunice, born April 29. 1786: married to
Leonard Burbank, (Brown. 1807). They had four
:hildren : I. John Green, graduated at West Point,
irst in his clars. He served in the Seminole and
VIexican wars, and was killed in the battle of Molino
lei Rey. where he had voluntered upon a forlorn
lope. He was never married, but was engaged to
\nna M., daughter of Gen. Belknap, of the Regular
\rmy, a contemporary of Gen. Scott. 2. Ann Eliza-
beth, married to Joseoh Gardner, of Fitchburg.
rhey had one child. Elizabeth, who lived aiid died
in Fitchburg unmarried. .\nx\. Elizabeth is now
lead. 3. George G.. married to Lydia O. Whiting,
li Worcester. No child was born to them, but they
idoptcd one under the name of Caroline Amelia
Burbank. George and Lydia are dead. 4. James Leon-

ard, married to Persis S. Wood, of Grafton. They
had one child only, Emma Jourdan. James L. is
now dead. Emma J. married Frank Richard
Macullar, of Worcester, son of Addison Macullar.
They had one child, Margaret Burbank, now living.
Frank R. Macullar is now dead.

3. Mary, born March 14, 1788; died unmarried,
September 16, 1817.

4. Nancy, born August 28, 1790; married to
Dr. Benjamin F. Ileywood of Worcester, (Dart-
mouth, 1812). [See the sketch of the Heywood
Family, later.]

5. Samuel, born March 21, 1792; died August
24, 1796.

6. Sarah, born August 22, 1794; died August
23, 1796.

7. Samuel B., born April 11, 1797; died July
20, 1822.

8. Frederick William, born January 19, 1800;
he settled in Columbia, South Carolina ; married
Sarah Briggs of Columbia; they had thirteen chil-
dren and are both dead.

9. James, born December 23, 1S02; he married
Elizabeth Swett of Dedham. [See his sketch, later,
"James Green (VII)."]

10. Meltiah Bourne, born July 16, 1806: he
married Mary Stone Ward. [See his sketch, later,
"M. B. Green (VII)."]

11. Elizabeth R.. born September 26, 1808; she
married Dr. Benjamin F. Heywood, who had also
married her sister Nancy. [See Heywood Family
sketch.]

(VI) William Elijah Green, son of Dr. John
and Mary (Ruggles) Green, (5), w-as born on Green
Hill. January 31. 1777. and died there July 27, 1865,
aged eightj--eight years. He was graduated at
Brown University in 1798. He succeeded his father
in the ownership of the homestead on Green Hill,
comprising then two hundred acres. He studied
law under Judge Edward Bangs, with whom and
with whose son, Edward D. Bangs, he was as-
sociated in practice for some years afterwards. He
was an original member of the First Baptist Society
of Worcester, but late in life became identified
with the Universalists. He will be remembered for
the earnest work he did for temperance and the
Public schools of Worcester. He was for many
years captain of the Worcester Light Infantrj-, and
was a volunteer in the War of 1812. He was one
of the foremost promoters of the Blackstone Canal,
and never lost an opportunity to help advance the
interests of his native town. It has been said ol
him that he was a man of great geniality and cheer-
fulness : affable to men of all conditions, hi.shly
respected and very popular. In his later years. Wil-
liam E. Green withdrew from the practice of the
law and spent his time in the development of his
estate on Green Hill. While this estate has been
brouglit to its present perfection by his sons. An-
drew H. Green and Martin Green — the latter one
of whom resided there for thirty-two vears. — Green
Hill has been for one hundred and fifty years an
attractive spot, a gentleman's estate, suggesting the
old English homes rather than the farms of New
England. The original house, to which Andrew
H. Green added a fine modern structure by cutting
the old liouse in two and putting a new section be-
tween the front and rear, is approached by Green
Lane, an old county road. It had a museum of
familv heirlooms and relics. In itself it is one of
the choicest inheritances of the early settlers of
Worcester. What is called the Green Hill Book
originated Senteniber !,■;. 1861. when the fen chil-
dren of William E. Green, the old "Squire." met
together for the first time since their childhood,

WORCESTER COUNTY

and this meeting proved also the last gathering of
the family as a whole. At that time Oliver B.
Green came from Chicago ; John P. Green was at
home on a visit from Copiapo, Chili, where he lived
forty years; Mary R., Lucy M. and Andrew H.
came from New York ; and Martin from Peshtigo,
Wisconsin. Some interesting portrait groups of the
family were taken and are preserved in the Green
Hill Book, a large folio record book, in which an
account of this reunion was entered, and in which
records of interest to the family, including notices
of visits, have since been kept. It is illustrated
with photographs of several generations of the
family ; has clippings from newspapers containing
obituaries and other family items.

Mr. Green died July 27, 1865, in the same room
at Green Hill in which he was born, — at the age
of eighty-eight years. He was married four times ;
first to Abigail Nelson, daughter of Josiah Nelson,
of Milford, who bore him one child, William Nel-
son Green ; secondly, to Lucy Merriam, daughter
of Deacon Joseph Merriam of Grafton, who bore
him one child, Lucy Merriam Green; thirdly, to
Julia Plimpton, daughter of Oliver Plimpton. Esq.,
of that part of Sturbridge now known as South-
bridge. Massachusetts. She had nine children ; and
fourthly, to Elizabeth D. Collins, a widow. From
this marriage there was no child. The children of
William E. Green were :

1. William Nelson, born at Milford, Massa-
chusetts, February 23, 1804 ; died December 6, 1870.
He was judge of the police court of Worcester.
[See his sketch, later.]

2. Lucy Merriam, born at Grafton, November
12, 1810. She was for a great many years tlie joint
owner with her sister, Mary Ruggles Green, of a
young ladies' school at No. i Fifth avenue. New
York city, which they made famous ; unmarried ;
her brother, Andrew H. Green, a bachelor, lived
with these two sisters and helped them conduct their
business affairs ; she died May S, 1893, at Worcester.

3. Mary Ruggles, born in Worcester, June 29,
T814; she married Carl W. Knudsen, who was born
in Denmark, 1818, and died in South Norwalk,
Connecticut, February 27, 1894. She was a teacher
and joint proprietor with her sister. Lucy M., of
the young ladies' school at No. I Fifth avenue, New
York city. She died March 17, 1894.

4. Julia Elizabeth, born in Worcester, February
2, 1816 ; she lived at home with her parents ; was a
teacher ; never married, and died August 5, 1880.

5. Lydia Plimpton, born at Worcester, August
4, 1817; died August 27, 1818.

/ 6. John Plimpton, born in Worcester, January
^ 19. iSig; he became a physician, practiced in New

York and lived in China and South America. He

died .

7. Andrew Haswell, born in Worcester. October

6, 1820; a prominent lawyer in New York city,

associated in practice with Hon. Samuel J. Tilden ;

president of the Board of Education ; commissioner

of Central Park, and comptroller of New Y'ork city.

[See a sketch of his life later, — "A. H. Green

(VH)."1
x/' 8. Samuel Fiske. born in Worcester, October

10, 1822 ;■ a physician and missionary in Ceylon.

9. Lydia Plimpton, born at Worcester, March
18. 1824; she lived at the old home on Green Hill,
and died there September 7, 1869.

10. Oliver Bourne, born at Worcester. January
I, 1826 : he married August 28, 1S55, Louisa Pome-
roy of Stanstead, Canada ; a prominent civil engineer
at Chicago. Illinois. [See a sketch of his life, later,
— "O. B. Green (VII)."]

11. Martin, born at Worcester, April 24. 1828;

for many years a civil engineer engaged in import-
ant work; now resident at Worcester. [See a sketch
of his life, later,— "Martin Green (VII)."]

(VII) Dr. John Green, son of Dr. John Green
(6), was born in Worcester, April 19, 17S4. He was
graduated at Brown University in 1804, and began
to practice medicine in Worcester in 1807, a year
before the death of his father and eight years
after that of his grandfather, Dr. John Green of
Revolutionary fame. He seems destined to be re-
membered longer than either, for he will be known
to future generations as the founder of the Free
Public Library of Worcester. Having early decided
to devote a liberal portion of his fortune to the
founding of such an institution, he was engaged
for many years in collecting books, which in 1859
he presented to the city, adding continually to the
number afterward, and leaving in his will funds of
$35,000 for the library, with a provision for further
accumulation.- The funds amounted, November 30,
1905, to $61,403.

He studied medicine with his father, succeeded
to his father's practice at his death, and for half
a century was the acknowledged leader of his pro-
fession in this section of the state. He was a good
student, gentle and sympathetic with his patients,
especially with women and children, but quite in-
flexible when it seemed to him necessary ; very
cautious and also very daring ; but his most valuable
professional quality was the keenest possible obser-
vation.

Although this third Dr. John Green is likely
to be best known hereafter as the foimder^ of
Worcester's Public Library, contemporary physicians
and his own patients generally believed him to be
the greatest physician and surgeon of the three
who. under the name of Dr. John Green, had cared
for this conmiunity for ninety-eight years. He was
the last Dr. Green of the four in this con-
tinuous family line who had served this neighbor-
hood medically for over one hundred and thirty-
five years without a break. He was given the de-
gree of M. D. by Harvard College in 1815. and in
1826 by his Alma Mater, Brown LTniversity. He
was treasurer of the District Medical Society three
j-ears, vice-president five years, and president seven ;
vice-president of the American Medical Society in
1854 : the first president of the Worcester County
Horticultural Society : a councillor of the Massa-
chusetts Medical Society and of the American Anti-
quarian Society. He was an early and constant
patron and supporter of the Worcester Natural
. History Society. On account of age and failing
health, he retired from practice about 1855. He
died in his eightv-second year, at Worcester, Oc-
tober 17. 1865. He married Dolly Curtis, daughter
of David Curtis, of Worcester, and aunt of the late
George William Curtis, the distinguished author and
orator. They had no children.

(VII) James Green, son of Dr. John Green
(6), was born in Worcester. December 23. 1802.
less than six vears before the death of his father,
who died at the early age of forty-five years, and
left a family of nine children surviving him. The
oldest son. John (7), had already received his col-
legiate and medical education, and had started in
1826 by his .Mma Mater, Brown University. He
practice : but James had to go to work at the age
of twelve, after very little schooling. This
' calamity made him very eager afterwards to give
his own children the best education he could.
He lived all his life in Worcester, and married.
May I, 183'?. Elizabeth Swett. daughter of Samuel
Swett of Boston and Dedham. Massachusetts, a
merchant engaged in foreign trade. They lived at

-_ ^-^^

I^H-^c^^^f^,,

WORCESTER COUNTY

2 Harvard street, in Worcester, for about twenty-
:iglit years just preceding his death on June lo,
874. All their children were born in Worcester,
rhe widow Elizabeth continued to live in the same
lOUse until she died, May 7, 1901, leaving her three
ons surviving. Their children were:

1. James, born February 15, 1834; died Fcbru-
iry 17, 1834.

2. John, born April 2, 1S35 ; graduated at Har-
•ard College, 1855 1 M. D., Harvard ; an eminent
]phthalmologist and leader of his profession in St.
^ouis, Missouri. [See sketch of his life later, —
Dr. John Green (VHI)."]

3. Samuel Swett, born February 20, 1837;
L B., Harvard, 1858; Harvard Divinity School,
864; Harvard A. M., 1870. [See a sketch of his
ife later, — "Samuel S. Green, VHI."]

4. Elizabeth Sprague, born April ig, 1839; she
lied at St. Louis at the home of her brother John,
anuary 9, 1870.

5. James, born March 2, 1841 ; Harvard A. B.,
862: LL. B., 1S64; A. M., 1865. [See sketch of
.is life, later, — "James Green, VHI."]

(Vn) Meltiah Bourne Green, son of Dr. John
jreen (6), was born in Worcester, July 16, 1806.
le married Mary Stone Ward, daughter of Artemas
Yard of Worcester, Massachusetts. He lived in
Vorcester, and died there May 24, 1888. His wife
ied at Worcester, January 7, 1896. Their children
.•ere :

1. Meltiah, born August 27, 1838; died August
9, 1838.

2. Mary Caroline, born December 13, 1839;
ied August 13, 1840.

3. Meltiah Bourne, born Januarv 3. 1843 ;
L. B. Trinity, 1865 ; LL. B. Harvard. 1867. He died
t Geneva, Switzerland, December 27, 1877.

(VH) William Nelson Green, son of William
'.. Green (6), was born in Milford, Massachusetts,
;hcre his father lived and practiced law for a time,
"ebruary 23, 1804. He was educated in the public
:hooIs of Worcester. He studied law- in the office
f Samuel M. Burnside in Worcester, and was ad-
litted to practice in 1827. ' From 1833 to 18.36 he was
le editor of the National Aegis, a Worcester news-
aper. distinguished more for the excellence of its
liting and the greatness of some of its editors
fter they left the paper, than for any degree of
nancial success attained. Somebody has said that
alf the lawyers in Worcester in the early days
;rved their time as editor of the Aegis. He w'as
)r a time a school teacher. He will be remembered
est for his high-minded and efficient service as the
rst judge of the city court. When Worcester was
icorporated as a city in 1848. the new charter es-
iblished a police court, of which he became the
4stice. Judge Green was undoubtedly the best
iialified among the justices of the peace who had
itherto administered the criminal law in the town
f Worcester. He was not only the first but the
;i=t and only judge of the Worcester police court,
k'hen, after a faithful service of twenty years,
•idge Green retired, the municipal court was es-
:blished and the police court abolished to meet
sw needs of the city. Judge Green loved nature
id was very fond of hunting. He died December
1870. two j'ears after retiring from the jud.geship.
■e married. February 23, 1839. Sarah Munroe
Ball) Staples, who was born in Northhoro and
as a widow when he married her. They had five
lildren. born in Worcester:

I. William Nelson. (S), born January 10, 1843.
e enlisted in the 25th Massachusetts Regiment, and
as promoted for gallantry in the battle of Roanoke
I be second lieutenant in the I02d New York Regi-

ment. He was in the battle of Cedar Mountain and
was a prisoner in Libby Prison. He received special
mention for brave conduct in the battle of Chancel-
lorsville, and a Commission as lieutenant-colonel in
the 173d New York Regiment. He was shot at
Pleasant Hill, Louisiana, during a battle, and died
May 13, 1864, from the wound.

2. Timothy Ruggles, born June 22, 1844. He
lived many years in New York with his uncle An-
drew H. Green, and after his uncle's death returned
to Worcester, where he now resides,

(Vn) Andrew Haswcll Green, son of William E.
Green (6) was born in Worcester, Massachusetts,
October 6, 1820. The best account of the life and
achievements of "the Father of Greater New York"
is that written by his cousin and friend, Samuel
Swett Green, librarian of the Free Public Library
of Worcester, and read at the semi-annual meeting
of the American Antiquarian Society, April 27, 1904.
From that account the writer of this sketch has
draw-n most of the facts and in many cases has
quoted freely from it.

.•\t the age of fifteen Mr. Green left school. His
early education was obtained at the old Thomas
street school at the corner of Summer street. He
went to work in New York city, whither he jour-
neyed by stage and steamboat. He was employed
first at the munificent salary of fifty dollars a year
in the store of Hinsdale & Atkins as errand boy.
His next position was clerk in the store of Lee,
Savage & Co., wholesale cloth merchants and im-
porters, where he steadily advanced until he had
reached nearly the head position when the firm
failed. After a severe illness and return to Green
Hill for some months during convalescence and re-
cuperation, he entered the employ of Wood, Johns-
ton & Barritt. linen importers. Exchange Place,
New York. Then he went to the house of Simeon
Draper. At the age of twenty-one he went to
Trinidad, where he spent a year on the sugar plan-
tation of Mr. Burnley, a friend of the family. While
there he became interested in the cultivation of
sugar cane, the manufacture of sugar and molasses
and tried without success to introduce some im-
provement in the methods and processes in use.
He gave up the attempt, returned to New York and
entered the law office of a relative, John W. Mit-
chell. He began the practice of law in the office
of Samuel J. Tilden, "whose political principles he
shared." to quote his own words, "and with whom
he sustained confidential and trusted relations
throughout life."

He was elected trustee of the schools in the
fourth ward of New York, and afterward school
commissioner and member of the board of educa-
tion. He was made president of the board, which
consisted of forty four members, in 1855. Two
years later he was appointed a commissioner of
Central Park and became treasurer of the board of
commissioners, president and executive officer of
the board, and for ten years comptroller of the
park. He had complete supervision of the engineers,
landscape architects, gardeners, and the whole force
of laborers amounting at times to three thousand
men. The office of comptroller of the park was
created especi-dly for Mr. Green. It happened that
in the first years of the park there was constant
friction between the commissioners and the Tweed
ring, then being formed, and the coiumissioners
were quite willing to leave the work to anyone who
would attend to it. So Mr. Green was made both
president and treasurer. .As the park was developed
and grew in popularity some member of the board
intimated that it was not right for one man to hold
lioth offices, and Mr. Green was elected treasurer,

WORCESTER COUNTY

to which the salary, which the legislature had
authorized the commissioneTs to pay either to the
president or treasurer, -was to be paid. But Mr.
Green promptly declined to serve in the salaried
position, whereupon another member was elected
treasurer and he was elected president without sal-
ary. ^ The new treasurer failed to give satisfaction
and in a few months the office of comptroller of
parks was created and Mr. Green elected to till the
position. The nominal president of the board had
the duty of presiding at meetings, but all the exe-
cutive and administrative work devolved on the
comptroller, who was likewise the treasurer. He
served in this very important and honorable posi-
tion for ten years, when the Tweed charter of
1870 removed the members of the hoard from office
and turned Central Park over to a department of
the city government appointed by A. Oakey Hall,
mayor. Although Mr. Green was appointed a mem-
ber of the new board the conditions were such that
he resigned in 1872.

Chancellor MacCracken. of New York Univer-
sity, in speaking of Mr. Green, said that "by his
care for Central Park he was led to care for related
enterprises, such as the Museum of Art. the Museum
of Science and the Zoological Garden." He was
constantly alive to the work of beautifying the
city, whether by individual effort or as a member
of one or another organization. A recent address
declared that his thoughtfulness was woven into
the structure and visible aspect of New York. Here
we see it in a reserved acre of greensward; there
in the curve of a graceful line, like the beautiful
span of Washington Bridge, and somewhere else
in a sweet sounding name, like Morningside. "Mr.
Green had a rare combination of qualities," said
Samuel Swett Green, "to fit him to do the great
work which he did in laying out and developing
Central Park. He had an eye for the picturesque
and beautiful, and a fondness and aptitude for the
kind of practical service needed. He had too a
passion for having everything done thoroughly."

Mr. Green was naturally appointed a mem-
ber of the original board of commissioners on
the Niagara reservation, and held the position until
his death, being president most of the time. An
island formerly known as Bath Island has been
named for Mr. Green. Several years ago the state
of New York established a commission with the
title "Trustees of Scenic and Historical Places and
Objects in the State of New York." The name has
twice been changed and is now American Scenic
and Historic Preservation Society. Mr. Green was
the founder and enthusiastic president of this so-
ciety from its organization until his death.

In 1865 the legislature imposed upon the com-
missioners of Central Park the duty of laying out
that portion of the island lying north of One Hun-
dred and Fifty-fifth street. It was while he was
directing the work of laying out Central Park and
Upper New York that Mr. Green first called at-
tention in a serious and deliberate manner to the
desirability of the union of the towns and cities
now popularly known as the Greater New York,
The first result of Mr. Green's recommendation of
the consolidation was the annexation in 1873 of
Morrisiania, West Farms and Kingsbridge. Mr.
Green presented to the legislature of NewYork in
i8qo a notable brief, advocating consolidation. A
referendum in 1804 resulted in a favorable vote in
all the four counties concerned. The commission to
draft the charter was appointed by the state. June
9, 1896. with Mr. Green as chairman. The charter
as drafted became a law November d, 1807. The
new city was established January i, 1898, and May

22, iSgS, Mr. Green appeared before the legislature
by invitation to receive congratulations for his work
in forming the Greater New York. A thoughtful
address was given by him. A medal was struck
off as a memorial and presented to Mr. Green Oc-
tober 6, 1898, and by general consent also he has
come to be known as "The Father of Greater New
York."

Mr. Green's connection with the New York
library system is interesting history. He was one
of the executors of the will of his law partner,
the late Samuel J. Tilden, and was one of the origi-
nal trustees, three in number, appointed in the will
to add to their number and establish a great free
library in New York. Mr. Green's efforts resulted
in saving much of the property for the libraries
when all was involved in contests and litigations.
It was his scheme to bring about the union of some
of the great libraries in New York, and he quietly
secured the legislation necessary with the final re-
sult of consolidating the Astor, Lenox and Tilden
foundations in the formation of the New York
Public Library, which, Mr. S. S. Green says,
"through the assiduous and valuable labors of its
well known and accomplished librarian. Dr. John
S. Billings, by means of subsequent consolidations
and aided by a munificent gift from Mr. Andrew
Carnegie and by city appropriations, bids fair to
become one of the most important institutions in
New York."

Mr. Green first became prominent in the whole
country of which New York is the metropolis, by
his work in the office of comptroller in behalf of
good government during the exposure of the frauds
of the Tweed ring. This office he held for
five years, till in 1876, he became executor of
the will of William B. Ogden, the railroad
king of New York and Chicago. Had Mr. Tilden
been declared president of the United States, Mr.
Green would undoubtedly have been in the cabinet.
He was one of the original trustees of the New York
and Brooklyn Bridge. In 1890 the legislature ap-
pointed him a commissioner to locate and approve
the plan of the great railroad bridge across the
Hudson river which is to join Manhattan Island
with the rest of the country. He was elected to the
constitutional convention in 1894.

He was a member of the New York Historical
Society, the New York Genealogical and Biographi-
cal Society and many other societies devoted to
geography, history, the fine arts, science and philan-
thropy. He became a member of the American
Antiquarian Society in October, 1889, and left that
society $5,000 in his will. He also bequeathed $5,000
to Clark University in Worcester, and $1,000 to
the Isabella Heimath, a home for aged women in
New York. In politics he was a Democrat, although
he was not in agreement with the majority of his
party in his position on the tariff. He was a Pro-
tectionist. He was killed November 13, 1903, by
a crazy man just as he was entering his home in
New York. He never married, but lived in his own
home. Park avenue. New York.

He was the owner of the old homestead on Green
Hill, where he made large purchases of land de-
stined it seems to benefit the city of Worcester,
where he was born, as greatly as his service in the
Park Board of New York benefited the city of his
adoption. He enlarged the old house by cutting
it in two. moving back the rear portion and building
between the front and back of the old building a
fine mansion, thus securing in the middle of the
house large and higher rooms on the lower floor
and suits of apartments for himself, his brothers
and sisters upstairs. Later a spacious porch and

WORCESTER COUNTY

veranda were added in front. His deep affection
for his family and reverence for his ancestors were
frequently shown. "He always carried his brothers
and sisters and their children and grandchildren in
his heart," writes Mr. S. S. Green, "and no one of _
them ever suffered for the lack of a home or the
comforts of life. Mr. Green placed a mural bronze
tablet in the interior of the church at Greenville
in remembrance of its first pastor (his ancestor),
Thomas Green. Had I given him encouragement to
believe that it was fitting to single out one from
the thousands of young men who did service in the
civil war for especial and lavish commemoration
he would, I am sure, have engaged St. Gaudens,
or another sculptor as distinguished, to have made
a statue of his nephew, William Nelson Green, Jr.,
to be placed in an appropriate position in Worcester."

It should be said of Mr. Green, as of his brothers
to whom reference is made elsewhere, that they
were descended from the Bournes of the Cape, from
Governor Dudley, of the Massachusetts Bay colony,
and from Rev. John Woodbridge, a brother of
Benjamin Woodbridge, whose name stands first
on the roll of graduates of Harvard College. He
was also descended from the three Tillies and John
Howland. passengers on the "Mayflower."

His character has been described by the New
York Tribune, which said of him at the time he
was appointed deputy comptroller: "Incorruptible,
inaccessible to partisan or personal considerations,
immovable by threats or bribes, and honest by the
very constitution of his own nature" and as fitted
for the office by "long experience in public affairs,
strict sense of accountability and thorough methods
of doing business." Hon. Seth Low, mayor of
New York at the time of Mr. Green's death, said of
him : "It may truthfully be said that to no one
man who has labored in and for the city during the
last fifty years is the city under greater and more
lasting obligations than to Andrew H. Green. The
city itself, in some of its most beautiful and endur-
ing features, is the monument of his love ; and the
city may vv-ell cherish his honored name with the
undying gratitude that is due to a citizen who has
made it both a greater and better city than it was."

(VII) John Plimpton Green, son of William E.
Green (6), was born in Worcester, January 19, 1819.
He studied medicine in New York and practiced
there for a time. He removed to Whampoa, China,
thence to Copaipo in Chile, South America, where
he spent most of his mature years, practicing medi-
cine. He died January 6. 1892, at Green Hill.

(VII) Samuel Fisk Green, son of William E.
Green (6), was born at Green Plill, Worcester,
October 10, 1822: died there May 28, 1884. He
studied medicine and practiced for a time, but when
a young man went to Batticotta in the Island of
Ceylon as a missionary physician for the American
Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. He
spent almost a quarter of a century in ministering
personally to the wants of both the bodies and
souls of the Taniil population of the Island. After
his return to Green Hill, he continued to translate
medical treatises into the Tamil language until his
death. Besides practicing medicine in Ceylon he
established there a medical school, and his pupils
were very numerous. He is given the credit of
creating the medical literature of the Tamil language.
He married. May 22. 1862, Margaret Phelps Wil-
liams. Since his death his family has been occupy-
ing the mansion at Green Hill. His children were:
Julia E., born January I, 1S64 ; Lucy Maria. Febru-
ary 26, 1865 ; Mary Ruggles. September 22, 1867 ;
Nathan Williams, March i.^. 1871.

(VII) Oliver Bourne Green, son of William E.
Green (6), w-as born January i, 1826. He and his

brother, Martin Green, of Worcester are the only
survivors among the eleven children of Squire
Green. His early education was received in the
school house 'at the corner of Thomas and Sum-
mer streets. For a few winters he taught school,
but the building of steam railroads attracted him
and he obtained a position as rodman on trench
survey for the New York & Erie Railroad, and for
a few weeks assisted in the preliminary surveys.
What he himself calls his first position, however,
was on the Worcester & Nashua Railroad, w^here,
begining as rodman, he learned the art and science
of civil engineering in the way it was then taught,
by experience. He next went to the Hudson River
Railroad and took part in the survey of what has
since become one of the greatest railroads in the
country. He was particularly strong in field work
and he obtained more than his share of that part
iif the engineering. After the Hudson River job,
lie became resident engineer in charge of part of
Ihe construction of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad.
He was stationed in West Virginia in the section
containing the Welling tunnel, one of the longest
on the road. It is about thirty miles from the
Ohio line. He stayed there two years and a half
until the road was completed and in operation. He
was occupied for a time in the survey for the
Cincinnati, Lebanon & Xenia Railroad, only part of
which was built at the time. He accepted the dif-
ficult task of engineer of a division on the Missis-
sippi Central Railroad, of which his brother, Mar-
tin Green, w-as later the chief engineer. He spent
the years 1853-54-55 in the south. In 1857 he was
engaged in the dredging and contracting business
with his brother, Martin Green, and later for over
thirty years on his ow-n account. He did much of
the construction along the Lake front, more than
any other contractor. He had many city contracts
for breakwaters and in the park system of Chicago.
He built a mile of the Lake Shore drive. One of
his best known jobs was done in 1877 for the
Sturgeon Bay Canal Company. He constructed the
canal which connects Green Bay with Lake Michi-
gan and saved all the lumber vessels that enter
Green Bay at least two hundred miles on their round
trip.

Since 1867 Mr. Green has lived at 403 LaSalle
avenue, Chicago. His house was burned there in
the "great fire." but he rebuilt later. He continued
in active business until i8g8, when he turned his
business over to his son, Andrew Hugh Green.
Mr. Green is a member of the Western Society of
Civil Engineers and is one of the oldest members.
He is a member of the New England Congregational
Church of Chicago. He is a Democrat in politics
with a belief in the Republican principle of pro-
tection that made him wdiat he calls an Eclectic.

He married. August 28, 1855, and in 1905 cele-
brated his golden wedding in the mansion on Green
Hill. It was a notable event socially, from the
gathering of the relatives and several old school-
mates and other friends wdio had not met for years.

His wife, Louise Pomeroy. was the daughter of
Hazen and Lois Pomeroy. She was born in Stan-
stead, Canada, and he met her while making the
survey of the Mississippi Central Railroad. She
was a school teacher there. Their children are:
Mary Pemeroy. born April 26, 1857, lives with her
parents. Olivia, born December 10, 1859, married
Wyllis W. Baird. and they have two children:
Warner Green Baird. a student in Cornell ; Katha-
rine L. Baird. Andrew Hugh, born November 26,
1S60. graduated at Harvard University in 1892, and
at the Massachusetts Institute of Technolog)', in 1896.
He took over his father's business, with which he
was thoroughly familiar, and having introduced

WORCESTER COUNTY

some of thf newest methods and latest macliinery,
sold it in 1901 to advantage, and has been travel-
ing since then.

(Vll) Martin Green, son of William E. Green
(6), was born in Worcester, April 24, 18^8. The
room in which he was born in the homestead at
Green Hill is the same in which his father was
born and died, and in which his ten brothers and
sisters were born. He received his schooling in
the old school at the corner of Summer and Thomas
streets, when Warren Lazell was the teacher of
the Knglish department and Charles Thurber of the
Latin department. He took a course at Little Blue
Seminary at Farmington, Maine. His father in-
tended to have him go to college, but he was at-
tracted to the profession in which his brother Oliver
was making good progress, and he started his
career as civil engineer as chainman in the survey
for the Hudson River Railroad, where his brother
was also employed. He was promoted rapidly and
became a proficient civil engineer. When the sur-
vey was completed to Greenbush, he returned to the
old home at Green Hill, but went to work for the
Worcester & Nashua Railroad Company. When the
work w'as done on the Nashua road he accepted
a position with the Pennsylvania Coal Company
Railroad. He was occupied here for three years
in surveying and building gravity railroads in Lu-
zerne county, Pennsylvania. When the work was
done he was offered the superintendency of the
road. He returned to Worcester but was called
to take the position of division engineer on the
New York & Harlem Railroad. He was in charge
of the construction of the line from Millerton to
Copake. When the work was done he was selected
as chief engineer for the Lebanon Springs Railroad
Company. This road was to run from Chatham,
New York, to Bennington, Vermont, throu.gh a
rough and hilly country and presented some dif-
ficult engineering problems. Tlie work was left
unfinished on account of the financial troubles of
the railroads involved in the great frauds of Robert
Schuyler, who had been president of sixteen rail-
road companies.

Mr. Green was then appointed chief engineer of
the Mississippi Central Railroad, which had been
begun all along the two hundred and sixty-seven
miles of its length, and was left by his predecessor
in the greatest disorder and confusion. Some sec-
tions he found built a one-fourth mile out of the
proper course, so that it taxed his resources to build
curves and schemes to save the work already done.
He found the engineering force grossly incompetent.
When he left this railroad was substantially com-
plete, but so anxious were the planters, who were
directors of the road, and the president to keep him
that they offered him whai was at that time a very
large salary, $20,000 a year, to remain. And' after
he had actually left, they sent a delegation to New
York to see him, and another to Chicago to try to
persuade him to come back. No stronger testimony
to the value of his work as a railroad engineer need
be cited. To his natural gift for this kind of work
he added great physical strength and vigor, and he
gave all his energy to the performance of the work,
whatever it might be, that he had in hand. The
Mississippi Central is now a part of the Illinois
Central Railroad. As first constructed by Mr. Green
it ran from the junction with the Memphis &
Charleston Railroad, six miles north of the Ten-
nessee line to Canton and Jackson, Mississippi. It
was a very important railroad in the southern in-
terests. He had the honor to run the first loco-
motive ever run in the state of Mississippi.

Although Mr. Green received offers of positions
as chief engineer from three other railroads, he

persisted in his purpose when leaving Mississippi
and went to Chicago, where he was employed first
to .<tudy the question of a tunnel under the Chicago
river, to gather statistics and make plans. He pro-
ceeded with the work of building the Chicago tun-
nel and remained with the work until the coffer
dams were built. He then went into business on
his own account as contractor and dredger. At
that time one of the prime necessities of commer-
cial Chicago was the vv-idening and deepening of
Chicago river and the construction of proper
wharves for shipping. He had the contracts for the
dredging of the river from the lake to the old Rush
street bridge. He took out the old government
light houses and government barracks and the old
fort. The river was made about five times its
original width. He also improved the north branch
of the river as far as Ward's rolling mill, and the
fouth branch for about twelve miles. He was in
Chicago in its first great period of development,
and of that work he took a large and im-
portant part. In 1867 he sold his Chicago
business and went to Peshtigo, Wisconsin,
for the Peshtigo Lumber Company, in which
William B. Ogden was interested, with whom
Mr. Green was associated during much of his active
business life. This company owned one hundred
and seventy-six thousand acres of lumber land. As
manager of this vast property he had to erect saw
mills and grist mills and build two large ships for
the lumber trade. He was in Peshtigo three years.
He built the ship canal at Benton Harbor, Michi-
gan. This canal gave steamships access to Benton
in the heart of the peach country. He owned a line
of boats and wdien- the work was completed his
line took during the season forty thousand baskets
to Chicago every night. Besides his steamship line
he built and owned saw and grist mills at Benton
Harbor.

Before the great fire in Chicago he returned and
w-as interested with his brother in the contracting
business. The fire caused hmi to over-work and
break down. On May 23, 1872, by advice of his
physician, he returned to Green Hill, Worcester,
Massachusetts, to rest and recuperate. The life in
Worcester attracted him and he remained here,
developing the Green Hill estate to its present state.
He removed, November 13, 1905, to No. 974
Pleasant street, where he has since lived. Mr.
Green has never cared to join secret societies and
clubs. He is a member of Central Congregational
church, Worcester. He served three years on the
Worcester park board and for about three years on
the board of trustees of the State Lunatic Asylum
at Westboro. Massachusetts.

He married, December 25, 1859, Mary Frances
Stewart, of the New York Stewart family. She
was born in New York city, December 25, 1821,
and died at 4 Melville street, Worcester, April 20,
T005. Their children are: William Ogden, born in
Chicago, September 26, i860: Samuel Martin, born
at Benton Harbor. IMichigan. April- 13. 1864.

(VIII) John Green, of St. Louis, Missouri, son
of James Green (7), was born in Worcester,
Massachusetts. April 2, 1835. He was fitted for col-
lege at the Worcester Classical and English high
school: entered Harvard College. 1851; was grad-
uated, A. B., iSss: S. B.. 1856; A. M.. 1859: M. D.,
1866. He studied medicine at Cambridge. Massa-
chusetts, under the direction of Profs. Morrill and
Jeffries Wyman: also at the Massachusetts Medical
College in Boston : and from 1858 to i860 in Lon-
don, Paris, Berlin, and Vienna. He was admitted
a Fellow of the Massachusetts Medical Society, on
examination in 1858. He was elected a member
of the Boston Society of Natural History in 1856,

WORCESTER COUNTY

id member of the council, as curator of Com-
jrative Anatomy, in 1857 ; i" l^e '^"er year he
-companied Prof. Jeffries Wyman on a scientific
cpedition to Surinam (Dutch Guiana). He began
le practice of medicine in Boston in ibOl. He
as a member of the Boston Medical Association ;
le Suffolk District Medical Society, of which he
-as elected secretary in 1865; and of the Boston
ociety for Medical Observation. He was appointed
delegate to the American Medical Association,
rem B°oston, in 1864 and 1865. He held successively
le positions of attending physician and attending
uro-eon at the central office of the Boston Dis-
en°ary. During 1862 he was in the medical service
f the Western Sanitarv Commission and of the
Jnited States Sanitary Commission, and was for
everal months acting assistant surgeon m the
Vrmy of the Tennessee.

In 1865 he went again to Europe for the pur-
,ose of continuing studies in ophthalmology, in Lon-
ion Paris, and Utrecht. In 1S66 he removed to
5t 'Louis, Missouri, where he has since resided
md practiced his profession. He is a member of
he American Ophthalmological Society, elected
866- one of the original members of the American
Dtological Society, founded 1868; and a member
jf the International Ophthalmological Congress
iince 1872. He was a member by special appoint-
nent of the International Medical Congress held in
Philadelphia in 1876, and was secretary of the sec-
tion of Ophthalmology. In 1867 he was appointed
lecturer on Ophthalmology in the St. Louis Summer
School of Medicine; in 1868, professor of Ophthal-
mology and Otology in the St. Louis College of
Phvsicians and Surgeons, which position he held
during the two years of existence of that institution;
in 1871 lecturer on Ophthalmology m the bt. Louis
Medical College; in 1872 ophthalmic surgeon to
the St Louis Eve and Ear Infirmary, and consulting
ophthalmic surgeon to the St. Louis City Hospital;
and, in 1874 ophthalmic surgeon to St. Luke s Hospi-
tal In 1886 he was elected professor of Ophthal-
mology in the St. Louis Medical College (later the
Medical Department of Washington University, bt.
Louis. Missouri). He is president of the St. Lotus
Ophthalmological Society. He is a member of the
St Louis Academv of Science, of which he was
president in l8g5 ; member of the board _of trustees
of the Missouri Botanical Garden (Shaw s Garden),
since 1895; member of the Missouri Historical So-
ciety; member of the American Antiquarian So-
ciety; member (and first vice-president) of the
St. Louis Society of the Archaeological Institute
of America: etc. He has contributed scientific
papers to leading medical journals, to the trans-
actions of the American Ophthalmo ogica Society,__
"Transactions of the American Otological Socie y
"Proceedings of the International Ophthalmological
Congress" (London. 1872, and New York. 18/6)
"Reference Handbook of the Medical Sciences, etc.
The honorarv degree of LL. D. was inferred upon
him by Washington University m IQOS.. and by the
Universitv of Missouri in 1906. He is a charter
member of the University Club of St. Louis; mem-
ber of the St. Louis Club, the discontinued) Ger-
mania Club, the Liederkranz Club; of t^c Roun^
Table Club; and member (president from 1890 to
1906. now honorary president) of the Harvard Club
ofSt. Louis. He is also a member of the Society of
the Sons of the Revolution, and of the Society of

Colonial Wars. .,. TT„,.,:„t

Dr. Green married. October 2.^ 1868, Harrie
Louisa Jones, daughter of George Washington and
Caroline (Partri.lge) Jones, "f J.^^^P''^^""/ ^1=^'^:
chusetts; of this marriage two children. J"hn (born
at Templeton, Massachusetts, August 2, 18/3), a"d

Elizabeth (born in St. Louis, December 3, 1878),
are living in St. Louis. His home is at 2670 Wash-
ington avenue, St. Louis, Missouri.

(VIII) Samuel Swctt Green, was born in Wor-
cester, Massachusetts, February 20, 1837. He is a
•son of the late James Green (7), and a nephew of
Dr. John Green (7). the principal founder of the
Free Public Library, of Worcester.

His descent from Thomas Green (I), who came
to this country early in the seventeenth century,
has been described already, and an account of his
ancestors in the line of the Greens has been given
above. Mr. Green's mother was the late Elizabeth
(ireen, daughter of Samuel Swett, of Boston and
Dcdham. Through her mother, a daughter of Dr.
John Sprague, of Boston, she and the subject of this
sketch are" descended from an even earlier resident
of the Massachusetts Bay Colony than Thomas
Green namely, Ralph Sprague, who came to Charles-
town 'in 1629, from Upway, Devonshire, England.
Through his great-great-grandfather. Gen. Timothy
Ruggles, of Hardwick, Mr. Green is also descended
from Rev John Woodbridge, one of the earliest
settlers of Newbury, and from Mr. Woodbridge's
wife's father, Thomas Dudley, the second governor
of the colony of Massachusetts Bay. Rev. John
Woodbridge was the brother of Rev. Dr. Benjamin
Woodbridge, whose name stands first on the list of
graduates of Harvard College. Through the same
ancestor, Mr. Green is descended from John TiUey,
his wife and his daughter, Elizabeth, wife of John
Howland. These four ancestors came to this coun-
try in the "Mayflower." , c- r-

The first school attended by Samuel S. Grecji
was that of Mrs. Levi Heywood. Her school was
discontinued however, before long, and he was
sent for several vears to another infant school, kept
by the late Mrs. Sarah B. Wood, afterward a resi-
dent of Chicago, the wife of Jonathan Wood.
From that private school he passed, upon
examination, into the public grammar school
on Thomas street, which, during his studies
there was under the charge of Mr. Caleb
B Metcalf. Going next to the high school, he grad-
uated from that institution in 1854, and immediately
entered Harvard College. Among his c assmates
there were two other graduates of the \yorcester
hi-h 'school, namely, Eugene Frederick Bliss, who
has been for most of his life, since graduation, a
citizen of Cincinnati, Ohio, and the late Lieut
Thomas Jefferson Spurr, who was mortally wounded
at the battle of Antietam. Mr. Green graduated from
Harvard College in 1858. In the early part of the
summer of i8w he sailed from Boston for Smyrna
as a passenger in the barque "Race Horse, and be-
fore returning home, in the same vessel visited
Constantinople. Remaining two years in Worcester
on account of ill-health, he resumed his studies at
Harvard University in the autumn of 1861, ana
graduated from the divinity school connected with
that institution in 1864. He visited f-"7P<\ a.Ka>" '"
1877 190^ 1903, 1904 and 1906, and added m 1903
to e'xtensive travels previously made in this coun-
trv a visit to Alaska. During the civil war, and
while in the divinity school, Mr. Green was drafted
fo service in the army, but w^s debarred from
entering it bv delicate health. He took the degree
of Master of Arts at Harvard University in 1870,
ind Tunc 28 1877, was chosen an honorary mem-
ber of the Phi Beta Kappa society by, the chapter of
the order connected with the same university.

In 1864 Mr Green became bookkeeper in the
Mechanics National Bank of Worcester, and in the
course of a few months, teller .in the Worcester
\ational Bank. The latter position he Jield for
several years. He was offered the position of cashier

WORCESTER COUNTY

of tlie Citizens National Bank, to succeed the late
Mr. John C. Ripley, but declined it; as he also
declined, at about the same time, a place in the Wor-
cester County Institution for Savings.

Mr. Green became a director of the Free Pub-
lic Library, January I, 1867, and four years later,
January 15, 1871, librarian of the same institution.
The latter position he still holds, having been elected
for the thirty-sixth year of service January 2, igo6.
.The library has grown rapidly in size and use under
his care. It contained, December i, 1905, 153,176
volumes. The use of its books in the year ending
with that date was 366,935. A feature in that use
is the remarkably large proporlion of books that
are employed for study and purposes of reference.
Mr. Green is regarded as an authority among
librarians in respect to matters relating to the use
of libraries as popular educational institutions, and
in respect to the establishment, of close relations
between libraries and schools. He was a pioneer in
the work of bringing about inter-library loans and
in a large use of photographs and engravings in
supplementing the value of books. He has for a
few years past set the example of having, in a library,
talks about books on specified subjects, and is now
conducting some interesting experiments in bring-
ing the users of the circulating department and the
children's room under the influence of the best
works of art.

Mr. Green was one of the founders of the Amer-
ican Library Association, and is a life fellow of
the society. He was for several years the chair-
man of the finance committee of that body and its
Yice-president for 1887-9 and 1892-3. In 1891 Mr.
Green was chosen president of the association, and
presided at the annual meeting held that year in
San Francisco. He was in 1896 the first president
of the council. He is an original Fellow of the
Library Institute, founded in 1905 ; an organization
supposed to be composed of a limited number of the
most distinguished librarians of the country, Mr.
Green was a delegate of the American Library As-
sociation to the International Congress of Librarians
held in London in October, 1S77, was a member of
the council of that body, and took an active part
in the discussions carried on in its meetings. Be-
fore the close of the Congress, the Library Associa-
tion of the United Kingdom was formed. Mr. Green
was chosen an honorary member of that association,
in July, 1878. He presided for a day over the
World's Congress of Librarians held in Chicago
in 1903, and at a meeting of the American Library
Association held at Chicago University the same
year. Mr. Green was a vice-president of the In-
ternational Congress of Librarians held in Lon-
don in 1897. In 1890 he was appointed by the gov-
ernor of Massachusetts an original member of the
Free Public Library Commission of the Common-
wealth, and was reappointed in 1894, 1899 and 1904.
Mr. Green was one of the founders and the original
first yice-president of the Massachusetts Library
Club. He was for many years a member of the com-
mittee of the overseers of Harvard University to
make an annual examination of the library of the
university, occupied a similar position in connection
with the Boston Public Library for a single year,
and began, in 1887, to deliver annual courses of
lectures as lecturer on "Public libraries as popular
educational institutions" to the students of the
School of Library Economy connected with Colum-
bia College, New York city. He has also lectured
at the Library School since it became an institu-
tion of the state of New York, and was chosen a
member of a committee to examine the school in
both places.

As librarian of the Free Public Library, Mr.
Green has gained for himself and his library a wide
reputation. In "The Worcester of 1898" it is said
of him that "his purpose has been from the first
to make the Public Library an instrument for popu-
lar education and a practical power in the com-
munity. To this end he has written and spoken
much during the past twenty years, and his eflforts
and advice have influenced, in no slight degree,
library methods and administration throughout the
United States. Tlie library methods of Worcester
have been studied in the Department of the Seine,
in which the city of Paris is situated. Mr. Green's
advice has been sought by the Educational De-
partment of the English government. The Free
Public Library of Worcester has recently been de-
scribed at great length by a German scholar as an
example worthy to be followed in that country,
in advocating the introduction of popular libraries,
such as we have in the United States, into Germany."
There is a picture of the interior of the children's
room of the Free Public Library in a recent Danish
pamphlet written by Andr. Sch, Sternberg, of the
Free Public Library Commission of Denmark. Mr.
Green was chosen a Fellow of the Royal Historical
Society of Great Britain, May 8, 1879, and on April
28, 1880, a member of the American Antiquarian
Society. Since October 22, 1883, he has been a
member of the council of the latter organization.
He was also elected a member of the American
Historical Association immediately after its forma-
tion. He was an early member of the Colonial
Society of Massachusetts and of the American or-
ganization known as the Descendants of Colonial
Governors. Mr. Green is a life member of the
New England Historic-Genealogical Society, and
was for several years a member of the Archaeologi-
cal Institute of America, and of the committee on
the School for Classical Studies at Rome. He is a
corresponding member of the National Geographi-
cal Society and of the Historical Society of Wis-
consin. He is a member of the Bunker Hill Monu-
ment Association, and was for several years a fel-
low of the American Geographical Society, and a
member of the American Social Science Associa-
tion. He has been a manager of the Sons of the
Revolution, and was a charter member and the first
lieutenant-governor of the Society of Colonial Wars
in Massachusetts, presiding at its first general court
and the dinner which followed it. Mr. Green is a
member of the Society of Mayflower Descendants,
and of the Old Planters Society. He has been a
member of the University Club, Boston, from its
organization, and was an original member of the
Worcester Club, the St. Wulstan Society, and the
Worcester Economic Club. He is also, a member
of the old organization, the Worcester Association
for Mutual Aid in Detecting Thieves. October 12,
1882, Mr. Green was chosen a member of the board
of trustees of Leicester Academy, to fill the vacancy
caused by the resignation of Rev. Edward H. Hall,
on his removal from Worcester to Cambridge. In
1886 he assisted in the formation of the Worcester
High School Association, and was chosen its first
president, and re-elected to the same position in
1887. In the summer of 1886 he was chosen presi-
dent of the Worcester Indian Association and held
the oflice for two years.

Mr. Green has been president of the Worcester
.\rt Society. He was a member of a committee of
three asked by the late Mr. Salisbury to consult
with him about arrangements for starting the Wor-
cester Art Museum and to help him in the choice
of the list of corporators. When the Museum was
organized, he was offered a position as trustee, but

WORCESTER COUNTY

declined to accept it. Mr. Green has been, from
the beginning of the organization, secretary lA the
Art Commission of the St. Wulstan Society. He
has been treasurer of tlie Worcester Public School
Art League since its establishment in 1895. He has
been very influential in promoting interest in the
fine arts in Worcester by means of exhibitions which
he started in the Public fJbrary building, and by
the installation in the library of a large collection
of the best photographs of the old and more modern
masterpieces ii> painting and sculpture.

Mr. Green was also, at two different times and
for several years, treasurer of the Worcester Natural
History Society, and has been for many years a
trustee of the Worcester County Institution for
Savings. In 1903 Mr. Green was made second vice-
president of the Worcester Harvard Club (which
not long before he had helped to form) ; and in
1904, first vice-president. For several years he has
been a member of the corporation for the adminis-
tration of the Home for Aged Men. Mr. Green
formerly wrote constantly for the Libniry Journal.
sending an article to the first number, and has
made many contributions to the proceedings of the
American Antiquarian Society. He has also written
papers for the American Journal of Social Science,
the Sunday Rcviczv of London and other periodicals.
Two books by him were published by the late Fred-
erick Leypoldt, of New York, namely, "Library
Aids" and "Libraries 'and Schools." Both were
printed in 1883. The former work, in a less com-
plete form, had been previously issued by the United
States Bureau of Education as a circular of in-
formation. At the request of the secretary of the
Board of Education of Massachusetts, Mr. Green
wrote an appendix to his forty-eighth annual re-
port on "Public Libraries and Schools." The essay
was afterwards printed as a separate pamphlet. A
paper by him on "The use of pictures in the public
libraries of Massachusetts" was printed as an ap-
pendix to the eighth report of the Free Public
Library Commission of Massachusetts. Mr. Green
has made many addresses and read a number of
papers on library and other subjects. Among the
earliest of these are "Personal Relations Between
Librarians and Readers." a paper wdiich was pre-
sented to a meeting of librarians who came together
in Philadelphia in October, 1876, and formed the
American Library Association (of this paper two
editions have been printed and exhausted). It was
made the subject of editorials in several Boston and
New York newspapers, and the plans of conducting
a library, described in it, were regarded at the
time of its appearance as novel and admirable :
"Sensational Fiction in Public Libraries," a paper
read July I. 1879, at one of the of the sessions of the
meetings of the American Library Association, held
in Boston that year (this paper was also printed in
pamphlet form and wddely distributed) : "The Re-
lations of the Public Library to the Public Schools,"
a paper read before the American Social Science
Association, at Saratoga, in September, 1880 (this
address was printed in the form of a pamphlet, and
has been widely read and very influential in awaken-
ing an interest in work similar to that described
in it, in America and abroad) ; papers and an
address on subjects similar to the one last men-
tioned, read or delivered at meetings of the Ameri-
can Library Association in Cincinnati and Buffalo,
at Round Island, one of the Thousand Isles in the
St. Lawrence river, in San Francisco, and at a
meeting of the Library Section of the National Edu-
cational Association, at a meeting in Washington.
Other important papers bv Mr. Green on questions
in library economy are "The Library in its relation
3

to persons engaged in industrial pursuits;" "Open-
nig Libraries on Sundays;" "The diuies of trustees
and their relations to librarians;" "Address as Presi-
dent of the /fhierican Library Association ;" "Inter-
library loans in reference work;" "Adaptation oi
hbraries to constituencies," printed in vol. I of the
report of the United States Commissioner of Educa-
tion for 1892-3 ; "How to encourage the foundation
of libraries in small towns;" and three closely con-
nected papers entitled "Discrimination regarding
"open shelves' in libraries," "What classes of per-
sons, if any, should have access to the shelves in
large libraries" and "Lead us not into temptation."
.•\ddresses have been printed in pamphlet form that
were made at the opening of library buildings in
Newark, New Jersey, Rindge, New Hampshire,
North Brookfleld and Oxford, Massachusetts. *

Mr. Green made remarks at the library-
school in Albany and in two or three Massa-
chusetts towns favoring the purchase of books
for grown-up inmiigrants in the languages to
wdiich they have been accustomed. He

wrote^ "A History of the Public Libraries of Wor-
cester" for the "Worcester of 1898," and earlier for
Hurd's "History of Worcester County." He was
chairman of a committee to supervise the portion of
that history relating to the town and city of Wor-
cester.

The first account of the methods introduced
by Mr. Green in the conduct of the Free PubHc
Library in Worcester, wdiicb was printed in pamphlet
form, was presented as an appendix to his annual
report as librarian for the year 1874-5, copies of
which -were sent to the Exposition in Philadelphia
in 1876. It was afterwards reprinted at the request
of the directors of the Free Public Library for dis-
tribution. In the fourth report of the Free Public
Library Commission of Massachusetts, Mr. Green
wrote on "Libraries and Schools," in the fifth report,
oi-i "Loaning reference books to small libraries," in
the seventh report, "On the use of libraries by chil-
dren" and, as stated above, in the eighth report,
"On the use of pictures in libraries." He also wrote
portions of the reports of the Free Public Library
of Worcester, while a director, and has written nearly
the whole of the reports (excepting the presidents*
reports) while librarian. He wrote sketches of the
lives of such librarians as William Frederick Poole
and John Fiske for the American Antiquarian So-
ciety's proceedings. The more elaborate historical
papers which have been prepared by Mr. Green are:
"Gleanings from the Sources of the History of the
Second Parish, Worcester, Massachusetts," read at
a meeting of the American Antiquarian Society,
held in Boston, April 2$, 1S83, and "The Use of the
Voluntary System in the Maintenance of Ministers
in the Colonies of Plymouth and Massachusetts
Bay during the earlier years of their existence," an
essay which formed the historical portion of the re-
port of the Council of the American Antiquarian-
Society, w-hich Mr. Green presented to that society
at its meeting in Boston. April 28, 1886. Both of
these papers have been printed in a form separate
from the proceedings of the society for which they
were written. The latter was hi.ghly praised by the
distinguished student of early ecclesiastical history
in Massachusetts, the late Rev. Dr. Henry Martyn
Dexter. Other interesting and valuable historical
papers by Mr. Green are "Bathsheba Spooner,"
"The Scotch-Irish in America," "The Craigie
House," and "Some Roman Remains in Britian."

*Ttic address of welcome at 111** dedication in 1(*(M of (lie
building of Clarlf University Library was printed in the "Pub-
lications " of tlie library.

WORCESTER COUNTY

He has also written for the American Antiquarian
Society, and the Colonial Society, elaborate sketches
of the lives of Pliny Earle Chase, George Bancroft,
Edward Griffin Porter, Andrew Haswell Green and
Benjamin Franklin Stevens. Mr. Green was invited
by the late Justin Winsor to write a chapter in his
"Narrative and Critical History of the United
States," but had to decline the invitation for lack
of time and strength.

(Vni) James Green, a counscllor-at-law in the
City of Worcester, was born March 2, 1841, at Wor-
cester, Massachusetts. His parents were James (7)
and Elizabeth (Swett) Green. He studied in the
Worcester public schools, and graduated at Harvard
College in 1862. The college course held pretty
strictly then to the classics, mathematics and phil-
osophy, and he was particularly interested in Greek
and history and English composition. In the social
life of the college, he was a member of the Institute
of 1770, the Hasty Pudding Club, the Haidee Boat
Club. etc. His college rank was sufficient to give
him a "Detur" (a prize for the work of the fresh-
man year), and parts at the junior and senior ex-
hibitions. At the time of his graduation, in the
summer of 1862, the civil war was going on, and the
fortunes of the Northern side were discouraging.
He tried to enter the array, against the medical advice
of his uncle, who had always cared for him pro-
fessionally, and he actually signed the enlistment
roll ; but his company was not filled in time to be
accepted. He had entered the law office of Hon.
Dwight Foster, at Worcester, before commence-
ment, and in the spring of 1863 he entered the
Harvard Law School, and was a proctor in the
college, and he received his Harvard degrees of
LL. B. in 1864, and A. M. in 1865. He passed the
year 1S64-5 in law offices in New York city, es-
pecially in the office of Miller, Peet & Nichols, and
was admitted to the New York bar on examination
\n 1865. Most of the year 1865-6, he was traveling
in the western states, and in the latter year he was
admitted to the Worcester bar. He has been in
practice in Worcester ever since. In January, 1872,
he went to Europe on account of threatened ill
health, and spent two years and a half in traveling
'in the continent, and largely in Italy, studying the
languages wherever he went, and also architecture,
painting and sculpture and modern history. He
traveled also in Greece, and journeyed as far as to
Constantinople and Smyrna. Upon his father's
death, on June 10, 1874, he returned at once to
Worcester. Since that time he has busied himself
a good deal in the care of real estate as well as
at the law. In 1877-8 he traveled another year in
France and Spain and England.

On June 2, 1881, he married Miss Mary A. Mes-
^inger, of Worcester, daughter of David Sewell and
Harriet (Sawyer) Messinger. and they have lived
ever since at 61 Elm street, Worcester. They have
had two children, Mary Sprague and Thomas Sam-
uel Green, who both attended the public schools of
Worcester, and are now living. After graduating
at the Classical High School, the daughter at-
tended Miss Baldwin's school at Bryn Mawr, and
the son entered Harvard College in 1905.

James Green's tastes have always been in the
direction of literary study, and he has interested
himself a good deal in modern languages and modern
history; but his life has been too much occupied with
the details of business, and handicapped by a defect-
ive eyesight and a too sensitive constitution, to allow
him to follow out his tastes freely. He became
verv much interested in the late war between the
British and the Boers in South Africa ; and, feeling
that the British cause was grossly misrepresented

in the United Slates, he wrote a lecture on this
subject which he delivered before the Society of
Antiquity in Worcester and afterwards issued as a
pamphlet. The ground that he covered had been
very little touched by other pamphleteers; for he
tried to show, in contradiction of what was often
said in American papers, that the British were light-
ing for the very same principles for which the
American colonists fought a century before; and
that the Boers, in their anger at the British policy
of emancipating the blacks, were as illiberal and
false toward the British colonists in South Africa
as King George's ministers had been toward our
ancestors in America. This pamphlet was circu-
lated widely in the United States, and was de-
clared by many thoughtful critics to be one of the
very best short statements of the subject that had
been printed. Upon the unsolicited recommenda-
tion of a high official at Washington, to the Imperial
South African Association in London, to reprint
this pamphlet and circulate it freely in all English-
speaking countries, it was republished by the asso-
ciation for free distribution, and the distinguished
Quaker philanthropist, John Bellows, of Gloucester,
England, reprinted the book for the association at
his own expense. Mr. Green has also printed va-
rious other pamphlets and biographical notices from
time to time, in his own name and anonymously,
and among them an address to his college class-
mates at an anniversary dinner; a notice of a new
edition of Aristotle's Musical Problems that had
been brought out by certain Dutch scholars ; and a
tribute to the memory of his associate and friend
at the bar, Hon. David Manning, etc. Mr. Green
was an early member of the St. Botolph Club, and
the Massachusetts Reform Club, of Boston, and of
various local organizations, including the Worcester
Club, the Shakespeare Club, the Gesang Verein
Frohsinn, the Twentieth Century Club, and the
Economic Club, all of Worcester; and also of clubs
for reading and conversation in French and Ger-
man. He was brought up in the historic First Uni-
tarian Church of Worcester, to which he still be-
longs. The earlier pages of these Memoirs show
his descent from four of the Pilgrims of the "May-
flowei-," and from Thomas Dudley, second governor,
and other early Puritans of Massachusetts Bay;
and his connection with Henry Dunster, first presi-
dent, and Benjamin Woodbridge, first-named grad-
uate, of Harvard College.

(IX) John Green, Jr., of St. Louis, Missouri,
was born August 2, 1873, at Templeton, Massa-
chusetts, the son of Dr. John Green (8), and Harriet
L. (Jones) Green. He was fitted for college in
St. Louis, and also with Mr. Charles W. Stone in
Boston, and entered Harvard College in September,
i8or, from which he was graduated A. B. in June,
1894. He entered the Medical Department of Wash-
ington University (St. Louis) in October, 1895,
and was graduated M. D. in -^pril, 189S. receiving
the Gill prize in Diseases of Children. He entered
the St. Louis City Hospital on competitive examin-
ation, and served as junior assistant from June to
December, 1898. Since November, 1899, he has
been engaged in the practice of ophthalmology in
the city of St. Louis. He is a member of the St.
Louis Medical Society, the Medical Society of City
Hospital Alumni, the Missouri State Medical Asso-
ciation, the American Medical Association, the St.
Louis Medical Library Association and the American
Academy of Ophthalmology and Oto-Laryngology.
He has been secretary, vice-president and president
of the Medical Society of City Hospital Alumni.
He is also a member of the Society of the Sons of
the Revolution and the Civic League of St. Louis.

WORCESTER COUNTY

Dr. Green has published the following paiiiphlels :
"The General Practitioner and Ophthalmology,"
"Treatment of Ophthalmia Neonatorum," "Double
Optic Neuritis occurring durnig Lactation," "Ocular
Examination as an aid to the early diagnosis of
Multiple Sclerosis, with report of a Case" {\vM\
Dr. S. I. Schwab), "Juvenile Glaucoma Simplex
associated with Myasthenia Gastrica et Intestinalis,"
"A case of Cerebro-spinal Rhinorrhoea with Retinal
Changes" (with Dr. S. I. Schwab), "Treatment
of Certain External Diseases of the Eyes by the
X-ray," "Ocular Signs and Complications of
Diseases of the Accessory Sinu.ses of the Nose,"
"Report on Progress in Ophthalmology for the years
1903, 1904, 1905 and 1906," and "The Control of
Municipal Medical Institutions, with special refer-
ence to the City of St. Louis," etc. He is editor
of the Department of Ophthalmology of Tlic Inter-
state Medical Journal, visiting ophthalmic surgeon
to the Jewish Hospital Dispensary of St. Louis, and
consulting ophthalmic surgeon to the St. Louis
Female Hospital.

He married, October 29, 1902, Miss Lucretia
Hall Sturgeon, of St. Louis, Missouri. Their chil-
dren are : Helen Celeste, born November 23, 1903,
and Harmon, born July 3, 1905. His office address
in 1906 is 225 Vanol building, corner of Vandeventer
avenue and Olive street, St. Louis, Missouri.

(Vni) William Ogden Green, son of Martin
Green (7), was born in Chicago, Illinois, September
26, i860. He was educated at the Worcester Poly-
technic Institute. He went to work first in an
electric light factory at New Britain, Connecticut;
then for the Merrick Thread Company, Holyoke,
Massachusetts. From there he went as a manager
for a silk mill at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. He put
it into first class condition and left it highly pros-
perous to take charge of the Peshtigo Lumber Com-
pany in Wisconsin, for which his father was man-
ager years before. Andrew H. Green, as trustee
of the estate of the late William B. Ogden, repre-
sented the owners, but Mrs. Ogden herself made
frequent visits to the property and paid Mr. Green
high compliments on the reformation he brought
about and the improvement effected. By his advice
the property was sold and he wound up its compli-
cated affairs in a manner so pleasing to the directors
that they made him a present of $10,000 at their
last meeting as a testimonial of their satisfaction.
He is a member of the American Society of Me-
chanical Engineers. He is now a member of the
firm of Ogden. Sheldon & Company, one of the
most important real estate broker firms in Chicago.

He married, October 20, 1891, Josephine Poole
Giles, at Bethlehem. Pennsylvania. Their children,
all of whom were born in Chicago, are : William
Stewart, born November 7, 1893 : Andrew Haswell,
born May 10, 1896; Lucretia Poole, born June 19,
1899.

(Vlin Samuel Martin Green, son of Martin
Green (7). was born at Benton Harbor, Michigan,
April 13, 1864. He was graduated at the Worcester
Polytechnic Institute. His first position was with
Frederick E. Reed, the manufacturer of machinery,
Worcester, Massachusetts, for whom he designed
and draughted various tools. He also designed the
interlocking sw'itches on the railroad viaduct in Wor-
cester. He next went to Buffalo to work for Noyes
& Company, millers. When his brother, William
Ogden Green, left the Merrick Thread Company,
where he was the engineer in charge of the plant;
the management desired him to remain, but took
the younger brother in his place on his recommenda-
tion. Although young and inexperienced Samuel
Green made good. He successfully completed the

big mill, one hundred and twenty-five by five hun-
dred feet. He remained with the Merrick Thread
Company until the trust was formed, when he was
chosen engineer-in-chief for the new management,
the American Thread Company. He has charge of
all the changes and new construction of the com-
pany. At the present time, at Ilion, New York,
he is reconstructing and building a two million dollar
plant, and the old mills are all receiving modern
equipment of machinery and power. Me has recently
constructed at VVaukegan, Illinois, a large factory
for the United States Envelope Company. His chief
office is at Holyoke, Massachusetts, and his residence
is at Springfield, Massachusetts. He is at present
rebuilding the cartridge factory at Bridgeport. Con-
necticut. He is a member of the American Society
of Mechanical Engineers.

He married, at' Holyoke, June 18, 1890, Ida Mc-
Kown. of that city. Their children are: Mildred,
born September 27. 1895, in Holyoke; Lydia, born
June 2, 1902, in Holyoke.

HENRY F. HARRIS. From the best obtain-
able evidence, which includes recorded data, it is
certain that the Harris family, as represented in
Worcester. Massachusetts, is descended from
Thomas Harris, who came with his brother William
and Roger Williams in the ship "Lion" from Bristol,
England, to Lynn, Massachusetts, as early as 1630.
The line of descent is traced as follows:

(I) Thomas Harris married Elizabeth ,

and they were the parents of Thomas. Mary and
Martha. As a friend and follower of Roger Will-
iams he was imprisoned and otherwise illtreated in
Boston, Massachusetts, in 165S.

(II) Thomas Harris, son of Thomas the emi-
grant, married Elnactrau Tew. and they were the
parents of eight children.

(III) Thomas Harris, son of Thomas (2), was
born in 1665 and died in 1741. He married Phoebe
Brown, and they w-erc the parents of eight chil-
dren.

(IV) Charles Harris, son of Thomas (3) and
Phoebe (Brown) Harris, was born in 1709. He
married Mary Hopkins, March 19, 1748, at North
Scituate, Rhode Island, and they were the parents
of ten children,

(V) Gideon Harris, son of Charles (4), and Mary
(Hopkins) Harris, married Rhoda Smith, widow
of his brother Henry, and of this marriage seven
children were born.

(VI) Henry Harris, son of Gideon (5) and
Rhoda (Smith) Harris, was born August 2, 17S7.
He married Bernice Randall, and (second) Waty
Smith. Of his second marriage were born the fol-
lowing children: r. Alsaide. 2. Linus Monroe. 3.
Gideon. 4. Mary Smith. 5. Charles Morris, see
forward. 6. Thomas Henry. 7. Otis Braddock.
8. Whipple Burlingamc. Gideon and Otis B. passed
.•iway prior to 1S89; Mary S., widow of Alfred
Whiting, died in Worcester in the spring of 1904;
Thnmas IT. resides at Canada Mills. Holden. Massa-
chusetts : Whipple B. resides in Three Rivers. Pal-
mer. Massachusetts. The father of this family died
at the age of thirty years, leaving his family with-
out means. His wife was a remarkable type of true
New England womanhood, possessing a strong mind
and noble character, and gave to her children an
excellent rearing.

(VII) Charles Morris Harris, fifth child and
third son of Henry (6) and Waty (Smith) Harris,
was born in Providence. Rhode Island. August 3,
1S22. Througli his mother he was a grandson of
Captain Jonathan Smith, of Revolutionary fame,
who. tradition says, stood fully six feet in height.

WORCESTER COUNTY

and commanded a company each of whom was oi
that or greater stature. Mr. Harris was also a de-
scendant of that John Smith, of Dorchester, who was
banished for his divers dangerous opinions, and who
removed from the Massachusetts Bay Colony to
Rhode Island at the request of Roger Williams, who
wanted him as a miller, and he was ever afterward
known as "Smith the miller."

Shortly after his birth, the parents of Charles
Morris Harris removed to Scituate, Rhode Island,
where he was reared. Until he was thirteen years
old he attended the common schools for eight weeks
in summer and a like term in winter, and later at-
tended two short winter terms, completing his school-
ing when he was fifteen years old. From the age
of six to fourteen years his time out of school was
given to labor in the Richmond cotton mills, twelve
to fourteen hours daily, at the pitiful wage of one
cent an hour. One dollar and a quartt- a week was
the highest wages he received until he was almost
of age, when he was paid six dollars and t-f;y cents
a week. During this period he had gone from the
Richmond mills to the Sprague mills at Smithficld,
Rhode Island, thence to the Blackstone mills at
Mendon, Washington, and to Woonsocket, Rhode
Island, and was thoroughly and practically con-
versant with every detail of the cotton milling in-
dustry, capable of conducting every process from
the handling of the raw material to the final finish-
ing of the product.

In the spring of 1842. when he was twenty-two
years old, he engaged in thread manufacturing nn
his own account, in partnership with David S.
Wilder. In the autumn of the same year they re-
moved to West Boylston and purchased a small
mill at Central Village, wdiere they began the manu-
facture of satinet warps. They also leased a mill
at Lovellville, in the Town of Holden, which they
also operated in connection with that at Central
Village. In 1845 he became associated in a business
partnership with his brothers, Linus M. and Gideon,
and a brother-in-law, Alfred Whiting, who had
bought the Holt mill, at w'hat was then called Holt's
Village, but later Harrisville. Under the firm name
of L. il. Harris & Co. they engaged in the manu-
facture of cotton cloth, and built up a thriving
business. The factory was destroyed by fire about
1851, but rebuilding was begun within thirty days
after the disaster, and in less than a year the new
factory was in successful operation and with in-
creased capacity. In 1857 Sir. Harris bought an
interest in a cotton mill at Poquonnock, Connecti-
cut. His beginning was inauspicious. The first
year he lost six thousand dollars, but he only re-
doubled his cflort, and with such success that two
years later he had made good his loss and was
worth twelve thousand dollars more in addition.
Early in i860 he sold his Connecticut interests and
bought an interest in a factory at Savage, Howard
county, Maryland, where he remained nearly two
years. In the fall of 1861 he returned to the factory
of L. M. Harris & Co., remaining until 1863. In
that year he and his brother, Linus M. Harris,
bought one-half of the stock of the West Boylston
Manufacturing Company at Oakdale. This was then,
as it is to-day, one of the most important manufac-
turing institutions in the state. In 1814 it received
from the commonwealth of Massachusetts a special
charter under which it was authorized to manu-
facture "cotton and woolen clothes and fine wire."
On coming into this corporation Mr. Harris became
general manager and treasurer, and he served as
such with such conspicuous ability for a period of
twenty-six years, ending with his death, April 24.
1880, in Boston.

Mr. Harris married Miss Emily Dean, on
Thanksgiving Day, 1848. She was born in Sterling,
Massachusetts, November 9, 1823, and at the time
of her marriage was residing in West Boylston.
She was a direct descendant of Thomas Dudley,
second governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
To Mr. and Mrs. Harris were born three children :

I. Henry Francis, of whom further. 2. Charles
Morris, Jr., for several years prior to his father's
death superintendent of the West Boylston Manfg.
Co. mills ; he died November 10, 1892, aged
forty-one years, leaving a widow, two sons and
three daughters. 3. Emily Armilla, died March

II, 1892, . aged thirty-five years; she was twice
married; by her first husband, Lyman P.
GoodcU, she had one son, Roscoe Harris
Goodell, now banker in Chicago and married to
Helen Peabody, daughter of Frederick F. Peabody.
of Evanston, Illinois; by her second husband, Alonzo
R. Wells, she had a son, Ray Dean Wells. Mrs.
Harris, the mother of these children, died August
6, 1892.

(VIII) Henry Francis Harris, eldest child of
Charles Morris (7) and Emily Dean Harris, was
born in Harrisville, West Boylston, Massachusetts,
August 19, 1849. He fitted for college in the Green
Mountain Institute at South Woodstock, Vermont,
in Worcester Academy and Lancaster Academy, at-
tending the latter institution two years. In 1867
he entered Tufts College, from which he was grad-
uated in 1871 at the head of his class. He then
entered the Harvard Law School, and after a six
months' course further prosecuted his legal studies
for about a year in the office of Hon. Hartley Will-
iams, of Worcester. He subsequently entered the
Boston University Law School, from which he was
graduated in the first class from that institution in
1873. He was for some time following in the
office of John A. Loring, of Boston, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in that city in December, 1873.
January I of the following year he entered upon
a professional practice at Worcester. Aside from
attending to the demands of a constantly increasing
legal practice, he has been prominently interested in
the manufacture of cotton goods, succeeding his
father in 1889 as treasurer of the West Boylston
Manufacturing Company, whose valuable plant, hav-
ing been purchased by the Metropolitan Water Com-
mission was relocated at Easthampton Massachu-
setts, and doubled in size and capacity. He has
served as such until the present time. He was also
president of the L. M. Harris Manufacturing Com-
pany. Mr. Harris is a member of the board of
directors of the Worcester Trust Company, the Wor-
cester Safe Deposit and Trust Company, and is solic-
itor for that corporation. He was a director of the
First National Insurance Company : is a mem-
ber of the board of trustees of the Worcester City
Hospital ; and was a member of the school board,
serving on various important committees of that
body. Mr. Harris is a public-spirited gentleman,
and among the various organizations with which he
is conspicuously associated is that of Free Masons.
He is a man of sound judgment, a safe counsellor
in matters public and private, and enjoys the confi-
dence and respect of the community where he
resides.

May 17, 1883, Mr. Harris married Emma Frances
Dearborn, daughter of William F. and Mary J.
(Hurd) Dearborn, of Worcester. She is a lady of
culture and an accomplished musician. She gradu-
ated from the Worcester High School in 1878, and
subsequently studied vocal music under Madam
Capianna. Possessor of a sweet and cultivated
voice, she was for many years a member of the

^^^^,-^i^-C>!:^^

WORCESTER COUNTY

choir of the Universalist church, and its director
during much of that time.

Mr. and Mrs. Harris have two living children ;
Rachel, born December ii, 1887; and Dorothy, born
March 22, 1890. They lost an infant son by death.

DEWEY FAMILY. From among the various
branches of the Dewey family have come many dis-
tinguished celebrities, includmg the eminent Judge
Francis H. Dewey, and the famous Admiral George
Dewey, who attained fame at Manila Bay, in the
Spanish-American war. The family is of royal de-
scent, with coat-of-arms going back many genera-
tions in England. In America all trace to the com-
mon ancestor,

(I) Thomas Dewey, who came to the Massa-
chusetts Bay Colony from Sandwich, Kent, Eng-
land, with Rev. John Warham and his little band
of one hundred and forty passengers, who formed a
church before leaving England, and .sailed in the
"Mary and John," and became the first settlers at
Dorchester, Massachusetts, arriving at Nantucket,
May 30, 1630, a month earlier than the Winthrop
colony. On June 6, the following Sunday after they
arrived, services of gratitude and praise were held
under the open sky. After being a pioneer in that
section, the church and the above emigrants mostly
removed to Windsor, Connecticut. Thomas Dewey
married the widow of Joseph Clark and had five
children : I. Thomas, born 1640. 2. Josiah, born
1641 ; he was the Dewey from whom descended Ad-
miral George Dewey. 3. Ann, born 1643. 4. Israel,
born 1645. 5. Jedediah, born 1647.

(II) Jedediah Dewey, son of Thomas, the emi-
grant, borii 1647, and died 1721.

(III) James Dewey, fifth son of Jedediah, born
1692, and died 1756.

(IV) Daniel Dewey, son of Stephen, had a son
Daniel, who became judge.

(VI) Judge Daniel Dewey, son of Daniel, was
born in Sheffield, Massachusetts, and moved to
Williamstown. He was a distinguished man of his
day, w-as a lawyer of note, and for many years a
judge of the supreme court of .IMassachusetts, and
was also a member of congress.

(VII) Judge Charles Augustus Dewey, son of
Judge Daniel Dewey, was born March 13, 1793, in
Williamstown, Massachusetts, died in 1866. He
became a lawyer, was elected district attorney, and
was appointed judge of the supreme court of Massa-
chusetts, in which important position he served for
the long period of thirty years. He married first.
Frances Aurelia, daughter of Hon. Samuel and
Martha (Hunt) Henshaw, of Northampton, Massa-
chusetts. She died at Williamstown July 20. 1821.
He married second, July 28, 1824, Caroline Hannah
Clinton, daughter of General James and .Mary (Lit-
tle) Clinton, of Newburg, New York, and a sister
of Gov. De Witt Clinton, of New York. Among
the eight children born to Judge Dewey, Sr.. were
Francis H., Charles A., Alary Clinton, wife of
Judge H. B. Staples, of Worcester, and Maria
Noble, of Worcester.

(VIII) Francis Henshaw, oldest son of Judge
Charles Augustus and Frances A. (Henshaw)
Dewey, was born in Williamstown, July 12, 1821.
His career in public and professional life was so
brilliant that the outline of it must be here preserved
as an important part of the family history. His
mother died w^hen he w-as an infant, but he was
tenderly cared for by his stepmother, Caroline H.
Clinton, who married his father when he was three
years old. Francis H. Dewey graduated from Will-
iams College in 1840, at the early age of nineteen
years, studied law at Yale and Harvard, and was

admitted to the bar at Worcester in 1843. He soon
became the partner of Hon. Emory Washburn, who
was made justice of the common picas bench the
following year, and from that time the legal business
of the otfice was thrown upon Mr. Dewey, who had
a very large practice. For more than twenty years
he was recognized as the leader of the bar in Wor-
cester county. While not elegant in diction he was
possessed of what all termed "common sense," and
dealt practically and energetically with whatever
matters were entrusted to him. He was very suc-
cessful in the conduct of cases before juries. He
was appointed to the bench of the supreme court
in February, 1869, and resigned in 1881.

Judge Dewey came to Worcester when the in-
habitants numbered only eight thousand, and he
lived to see this number multiplied ten times over.
He was active in all public offices, church matters
and charitable enterprises. He seemed born for
diplomacy, and was the embodiment of tact and
skill, combining with these qualities the abilities of
the thoroughly equipped and entirely practical man
of affairs. He was a leading spirit in the organiza-
tion of various railroad companies and manufac-
turing and financial corporations, and was an of-
ficial in and counsel for many of the same. Up to
the time of his death he was president of the Nor-
wich & Worcester Railroad,' president of the Me-
chanics' Saving Bank, a director in the Mechanics'
National Bank, and a director and one of the
heaviest stockholders in the Washburn & Moen Man-
ufacturing Company, attending to a great amount of
its legal business. He was deeply interested in edu-
cational and the higher moral concerns of the com-
munity. He was a trustee of his alma mater, Will-
iams College, from 1869 to the time of his death,
a period of eighteen years. He was also until his
death president of the board of trustees of the Wor-
cester Public Library, president of the board of
trustees of the Old Men's Home, a trustee of the
Washburn Memorial Hospital, president of the
Rural Cemetery Corporation, president of the Wor-
cester County Horticultural Society, and a trustee
of the Young Men's Christian Association. He was
inclined to business ' more than office holding, but
at the request of friends in his party h-; served in
the two branches of the city government, and two
terms in the state senate. He died in the full vigor
of his manhood, December 16, 1887, while devoting
his strength to the many public interests with
which he W'as connected.

Judge Dewey married, November 2, 1846, Frances
Amelia Clarke, only daughter of John and Prudence
(Graves) Clarke, of Northampton, Massachusetts.
Her father was the founder of Clarke Institution
for Deaf Mutes. Jud.ge Dewey married (second;
April 26, 1853. Sarah Barker Tufts, only daughter
of Hon. George A. and Azuba Boyden (Fales)
Tufts; she was born January 31. 1825. at Dudley.
Massachusetts, and is now ( .-^pril, 1905) living in
Worcester. By his first marriage Judge Dewey had
a daughter, Fannie, born September 17, 1S49, d'^'l
the following day. His children by his second wife
were: i. Fanny Clarke, born February I, 1854, died
July 28, .same year. 2. Caroline Clinton, born Decem-
ber 18, 1854; died December, 1878; married, 1S77,
Charles L. Nichols, and had Caroline Dewey. 3.
Francis Henshaw. to be further mentioned. 4. John
Clarke, born May 19, 1857, who is a lawyer. He
married his second cousin, Sarah B. Dewey, and
their children are John Clarke, Jr., and Daniel. 5.
George Tufts, born Stptember 12, 1S58, who is a
lawyer; he married Mary L. Nichols, and their chil-
dren are Marv Linwood, George Tufts. Jr., and
Charles Nichols. 6. Sarah Frances, born September

WORCESTER COUNTY

IS, i860; died; married Oliver Hurd Everett, and
their children were Caroline Dewey and Francis
Dewey. 7. Charles Augustus, born and died April,
1863.

(IX) Francis Henshaw Dewey, son of Hon.
Francis H. and Sarah B. (Tufts) Dewey, was born
March 23, 1856, in Worcester, Massachusetts. He
was reared in his native city and there attended the
private schools, after which he spent two years at a
primary school and four years at St. Mark's School
in Southborough, preparatory for college. In 1872
he entered Williams College, graduating therefrom
four years later among the six highest of his class.
He was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society,
where membership is based on scholarship. In 1879
he received the degree of Master of Arts from his
alma mater. After reading law in the office of
Messrs. Staples and Goulding, of Worcester, he en-
tered Harvard Law School, from which he gradu-
ated in 187S with the degree of Bachelor of Laws.
In February, 1879, he was admitted to the bar, and
has since been actively engaged in practice, and his
prominence in his profession is attested by his
election in 1897 to the vice-presidency of the Wor-
cester County Bar Association. In 1880 he became
solicitor for the Worcester Mechanics' Savings
Bank and the Mechanics' National Bank, and on the
death of his honored father, in 1887, he succeeded
him as a trustee and director in these institutions,
respectively. In April, 1888, he was elected presi-
dent of the Mechanics, National Bank, which office
he still holds. One of his most important trusts is
the presidency of the Worcester Consolidated Street
Railway Company, to which he was elected in May,
1898, having been a director since 1893. and under
his supervision and management a system of about
forty miles of track conlined principally to the city
of Worcester has been extended to one hundred and
sixty miles, and connects eighteen cities and towns,
together with frequent service, carrying nearly
thirty millions of passengers in a year. For many
years he has been a director in the Norwich & Wor-
cester Railroad Company, the Worcester Gas Light
Company, the Worcester Traction Company, the
Worcester Theatre Association, of which he is also
treasurer; he is president and treasurer of the Bay
State House, and a director in many business cor-
porations. He is a trustee of the Worcester Rail-
ways and Investment Company. He has also had
charge of the settlement of many large estates iri
the capacity of trustee and executor, and possesses
unusual business qualifications,

Mr. Dewey has ever taken a deep interest in edu-
cational and charitable work, and is actively
identified with many of the most important
institutions in these lines. He is a trustee
and vice-president of Clark University, and of
Clark College, and has long been vice-presi-
dent of the Art Museum, and a member of
the American Antiquarian Society. He is a di-
rector of the Associated Charities, chairman of the
Commission of City Hospital Funds, and a trustee
of the Memorial Hospital. He is a member of the
Board of Trade, of which he was for several years
a director; vice-president of the Massachusetts
Street Railway Association ; and a member of the
\yorcester Fire Society and many social organiza-
tions. For many years he has been prominent in
the First Unitarian Parish, and has been superin-
tendent of the Sunday school and chairman of the
parish committee. He is a stanch Republican in
politics.

December 12, 1878, Mr. Dewey married Miss
Lizzie Davis, daughter of the late Harrison Bliss,
and of this union were born two children: Eliza-

beth Bliss Dewey, July 19, 1883; and Francis Hen-
shaw Dewey, May 19, 1887.

EDWIN BROWN. John Brown (i), or
Browne, the progenitor of Edwin Brown, of Wor-
cester, was associated with the Pilgrims at Plymouth.
While he was travelling in his youth he became ac-
quainted with Rev. John Robinson, pastor of the
Pilgrims, and through him met many of his people
in the same way that Governor Winslow and Cap-
tain Miles Standish came to join the Pilgrims. He
did not come in the "Mayfiower," however. It was
not until March, 1629, that he reached New Eng-
land. He landed at Salem. Two years earlier, how-
ever, March 19, 1627, the council for New England
approved a patent for trade soil and planting on
which a Royal charter was obtained March 4, 1628,
to certain patentees and their associates, among
whom were John Browne, John Saltonstall, and
others who became well known in the colonies. He
was elected to Governor John Endicott's council,
April 3, 1629, with Francis Higginson, Samuel Skel-
ton, Francis Bright, Samuel Browne, Thomas
Graves and Samuel Sharp. He went from Salem
to Plymouth and later to Taunton with his son,
James. In 1643 John Brown and his sons, John and
James, were residents of Taunton, but next year
they settled at Rehoboth, Massachusetts. There
John Browne, Sr., and John Brown, Jr., stayed
and were among the first settlers, but James Browne
being a Baptist was forced to leave town in 1663
and with others of his sect founded the town of
Swansey, Massachusetts. The designation Mr.
given hmi in the records always shows that he was
counted among the gentry. His sons and grandsons
were leaders in civic, judicial and military affairs.
John Brown was appointed one of the townsmen
(an office) in Rehoboth, March 16, 1645, and again
in 1650-51. He served the town on important com-
missions. He was on the prudential committee. He
was for seventeen years from 1636 to 1653 one of
the governor's assistants or magistrates. In 1638
the following were the governor's assistants : Will-
iam Bradford, Edward Winslow, Captain Miles
Standish, John Alden, John Jenny and John Browne.
He was one of the commissioners of the United
Colonies of New England (which foreshadowed the
later confederation) from 1644 to 1655. In the gov-
ernor's court June 4, 1652, he won a notable suit
for damages for defamation against Samuel New-
man, the judgment being for one hundred pounds
and costs. Mr. Browne waived the judgment, how-
ever, and let Newman oflf on payment of the costs.
Mr. Browne was a friend of Massasoit, and the
proof of their friendship was shown when the life
of his son James was spared by King Philip, son of
Massasoit, when he came on a mission from the gov-
ernor to the Indians. Colonel Church in his
narrative says : "that the Indians would have killed
Mr. Browne, who with Mr. Samuel Gorton and two
other men bore the letter, but Philip prevented
them, saying that his father had charged him to
show kindness to Mr. Browne." It is said in his
honor that he was the first magistrate to raise his
voice against the coercive support of the ministry,
taking the stand that all church support should be
voluntary and backed his precepts by liberal ex-
ample. He was a man of abilities, intellect, piety
and patriotism, and was buried with civic and mili-
tary honors in 1662. His wife Dorothy died in
1674. His efdest son died the same year as he
(1662). His other son, James, was afterwards in
the magistracy. His grandson, John Browne, be-
came useful and eminent. In 1685 John Browne
was one of the first associate justices of the court

WORCESTER COUNTY

d{ common pleas in the county of Bristol. In
[699, during the administration of Lord Bellamont,
le was again appointed a justice. John Browne,
5r., was born in 1595 and died April 10, 1662. His
A'ife died at Swansey, Massachusetts, January
27, 1673- The children of John Browne (I)
ivere : Ensign John, Jr., born in England,
died last of March, 1662; (settled in Reho-
)oth and had these children : John, born last Kri-
iay in September, 1650; Lydia, August 5 or 6, 1656;
\nnah, January 29, 1657; Joseph, April 9, 1658;
Mathaniel, June 9, 1661 ; Major James, of Swansey,
)orn in England 1623, died 1710; Mary, born in
ingland, married, July 6, 1636, Captain Thomas
kVillett, of Plymouth, the first English tnayor of
Slew York city, who was twice elected to that of-
ice. William, resided in Salem, not mentioned in
KiU and not proved to be son of John Browne (I).

(II) Major James Brown, son of John Browne
[l), born in England in 1623, was in Taunton in
643 with his father, the assistant, and went with
lim to Swansea, Massachusetts. He was said 10 be
1 Baptist and preacher. He was chosen an assist-
mt in 1665. He married Lydia Howland, daughter
)f John Howland, who came over in the "May-
iower," and all his descendants are likewise de-
icended from Mayflower ancestry. He died October
'.g. 1710. aged eighty-seven years. Their children
vere : James, born at Rehoboth, Massachusetts,
vlay 4, 165s, died at Harrington, Rhode Island,
725 ; Dorothy, born at Swansey, Massachusetts,

\ugust 29, 1666, married Kent; Jabez,

lorn July 9, 1668, at Swansey, Massachusetts.

(III) James Brown, son of Major James Brown
2), born at Rehoboth, ;May 4, 1655 (or May 21),
iied April 15, 1718, aged tifty-nine years, (probably
hould be sixty-two); married Margaret Denison,
une 5, 1678. She died May 5, 1741, aged eighty-
our years. He was a sergeant in the militia. All
lis children were born in Swansey. They were, as
ecorded : Lydia, born January 23, 1678-9, died Feb.
uary i, 1678-9; Mary, September II, 1680; Mar-
:aret (given by Savage), June 28, 1682; Lydia, July
8, 1684; James, September 7, 1685; Mary, July 5,
687; Peleg, February 28, 1688; William, June 2,
690; Dorothy, May 7, 1694.

(IV) William Brown, son of James Brown (3),
vas born June 2, 1690. He married (first) Eliza-

eth , about 1710. She died April 27, 1725,

ged twenty-seven years. He married (second)
lebecca Follett, October 27, 1725. He died Feb-
uary 26, 1731-2. He settled at Rehoboth, where all
is children are recorded except William. As the
ecords clearly show that the son is William, Jr., he
lUst be the eldest son of Williain, there being no
ther William at Rehoboth or Swansey at the time,
'he children of William Brown were: Will-
ini, born about 1710; Consider, September 8, 171 1;
Vmos, May 28, 1714; .Elizabeth, June 14, 1716;
Sethiah, July 8, 1718; Jerusha, August 27, 1720;
Lzra, August 18, 1722; Rebecca, April 17, 1725 ;
Joah, August 7, 1726; Isaac, August 24, 1728; Ann,
larch 13, 1729, died October 27, 1731 ; Ann, Jan-
lary 8, 1731-2.

(V) William Brown, son of William Brown (4),
vas born about 1710 at Rehoboth, Massachusetts. Me
narried at Rehoboth, Ruth Walker, October 10,
728. The births of their eleven children are all
ecorded at Rehoboth. He was commissioned a
avalry ofiicer. Ruth Walker was born December 2,
710, and died March 6, 1790. She was descended
rom Widow Walker, one of the original settlers
f Rehoboth, Massachusetts. Widow Walker vvas
orn about 1620. Her son, Philip Walker, married

n 1654 Jane , and died in 1679, leaving sons,

5amuel, and Philip Walker.

Samuel Walker, son of Philip Walker (2), was
born 1655, died 1712. He served in King Philip's
war under Major Bradford. He married Martha
Ide (born 1654, died 1700), daughter of Nicholas
Ide, who also served in King Philip's war under
Major Bradford. His son, Samuel Walker (4),
was born in 1682 and died in 1712. He married
Ruth Bliss, who was born 1687. Their daughter,
Ruth Walker (born December 2, 1710, died March
6, 1790), married William Brown, Jr., as already
stated October 10, 1728. William Brown, Jr., settled
at Rehoboth. Their children were; Ruth, born Sep-
tember 10, 1729; Lucy, October 26, 1731 ; Sarah,
November 6, 1733 ; \Villiam, November 22, 1735 ;
Sarah, December 4, 1737; Samuel, March 25, 1740;
Molly, April 18, 1742; John, July 10, 1745; Deb-
orah, August 29, 1747; Chloe, October i, 1749;
Huldah, December 4, 1751.

(VI) Lieutenant Sanmel Brown, son of William
Brown, Jr. (5), was born at Rehoboth, Massachu-
setts, March 25, 1740. He married (first) Esther
Bucklin, January 5, 1764. She died about 1777. He
married (second) Polly Luther, of Warren, August
23, 1778. She died in 1782. He married (third)
Huldah Hunt, January 16, 1783.

The children of Samuel Brown (6) were : Sam-
uel, born March 2, 1765, married Polly Brown,
March 11, 1801 ; Josiah, October 18, 1767; Lucy,
October 20, 1770; Esther, October 16 1772; Mollie
(probably a twin of preceding), October 16, 1772
(1774 on records, obviously an error); Theophilus,
April 9, 1774; Abigail, February 12, 1780; Eliza-
beth, October 22, 1781 ; Luther, July 21, 1782; Jo-
seph, March 2, 1787; Ira, January 15, 1791 ; Peter
Hunt. January 13, 1793.

(VII) Samuel Brown, son of Samuel Brown
(6), born at Rehoboth, Massachusetts, March 2,
1765, died in 1820. He married Ada Hardy, died
1847, daughter of Samuel and Betsey (Walker)
Healy, of Seekonk. Betsey Walker was born in
1753 and died in 1839, daughter of Nathaniel Walker,
of North Providence (born 1703, died 1783), who
married, 1727, Anna Sweeting (born 1707, died
1772). Nathaniel Walker was son of Philip Walker
(born 1661, died 1739), who married Sarah Bowen
daughter of William Bowen (born 1671, died 1739).
This Philip Walker was son of Philip and grand-
son of Widow Walker, already mentioned in this
sketch. Samuel Brown settled at Rehoboth. Chil-
dren of Samuel and Ada (Healy) Brown: i. Will-
iam, born August 19, 1797, married Louisa Glad-
ding, of Providence. 2. Mary (on Rehoboth records)
born March 17, 1801. 3. Albert, born (date given
in Rehoboth records) March 20, 1804. 4. Elizabeth
Walker, (record from her grandson, Appleton L.
Clark) born September, 1813, died November, 1891,
luarried Appleton Purdj- Lesure (born May 13,
1814, died August 4, 1865). 5. Abby, married A. R.
Marsh, resided in Boston (birth not recorded at
Rehoboth). 6. Theophilus. born September 12, 1811.
married Sarah Ann Knowlton.

(VIII) .■\lbert Broun, son of Samuel Brown
(7), born at Seekonk, Massachusetts, March 20,
1804, married, 1828, Mary Blair Eaton. (See Eaton
Family, also Rice Family). Mary Blair Eaton was
a descendant of Adonijah Rice, the first white child
born in Worcester. .Albert Brown learned the
tailor's trade and located first in Providence.^^ He
came to Worcester about 1825 and opened an "Ern-
porium of Fashion" as he called his shop, on Main
street, opposite Central street. He took into part-
nership his brother William Brown, and under the
firm name of W. & A. Brown they were the first mer-
chant tailors located in Worcester. .'\t the death of Al-
bert Brown. September 29, 1854, the surviving part-
ner took his brother Theophilus Brown into the

WORCESTER COUNTY

firm, and at present the firm is conducted 1)y W. T.
Brown, son of Tlicophihis. Albert Brown was a
well known citizen of Worcester. He represented
liis ward in the common council. He went to
England with the Peace Commission, and his de-
scendants treasure a Bible given to him by Richard
Cobden, with whom he formed an acquaintance
there. He was to some extent an owner of shipping.
He was a member of the Mutual Fire Society of
Worcester. Children of Albert and Mary Blair
(Eaton) Brown: i. Albert Samuel, born Worces-
ter, February 22, 1829, of whom later ; 2. Henry
William, born Worcester June 21, 1831 ; married
Harriet B. Rathbone. 3. James Stewart, born Jan-
iiary 12, 1834, oi whom later. 4. i\Iary Eaton, born
April IS, 1835, died April 29, 1843. 5. James Stew-
art, born September 12, 1837; married first, Fanny
Em.ma Childs of Worcester; married (second) Eliza-
beth Johonnot; is treasurer of the Worcester Five
Cents Savings Bank ; veteran of the civil war ;
prominent in business and financial circles in Wor-
cester. 6. Sarah Dean, born in Worcester, Feb-
ruary 13, 1S40, married George Wilson Ryerson, of
New York. 7. Emily, born January 24, 1842, married
John Stanton Baldwin, formerly editor and pub-
lisher oi Worcester Daily Spy. (See sketch Bald-
win Family). 8. Edwin, born in Worcester, March
24, 1844, married, June 12, 1872, Mariana jMit'flin
Earle, daughter of Timothy K. and Nancy
(Hacker) Earle of Worcester. 9. Charles Eaton,
born January 23, 1847. 10. Mary Louisa, born June
I, 1849; married Stephen C. Earle, the well known
architect of Worcester. 11. Ada, born September
29, 1852, died February 3, 1869.

(IX) Albert Samuel Brown, son of Albert
Brown (8), was born in Worcester, Massachusetts,
February 22, 1829. He attended the public schools
of his native town until he was sixteen years old,
when he entered a wholesale woolen house in Bos-
ton. After a short time he took a position in Colla-
more's crockery store in Boston. He finally re-
turned to Worcester to enter business with his
father in the store and tailor shop. In 1S53 he made
a trip to Europe, partly for business and partly for
pleasure. When he returned home he worked for
a time in a Worcester crockery store. In i860 he
bought out J. P. Hale's crockery store and began
business on his own account. The store was lo-
cated at i8r Main street. He added wall
paper to his line of goods and later moved to 284
Main street. In 1880 he sold his store to E. G.
Higgins, the wall paper dealer, whose business grew
to be the largest of its kind in New England, Mr.
Brown retired from active business life after selling
his store. He loved travel and spent two years in
Europe. He made his home in Worcester until his
death, September 14, 1900.

Mr. Brown stood well as a citizen and business
man. He was highly esteemed for his manly char-
acter and many good qualities. He was a member
of the First Unitarian Church and later of the
Church of the Unity and was a teacher in the Sun-
day school. In politics he was a Republican. He
served the city in the common council. He was a
member of no secret orders or military organi-
zations.

He married, November 28, i860, Ellen M. Morse,
daughter of Mason H. and Maria (Bigelow)
Morse, of Worcester. Mason H. Morse was a car-
penter and builder. He served on the building com-
mittee when the Church of the Unity to which he
belonged erected the present edifice on Elm street.
Ellen M. Morse, as well as Mr. Brown, was a de-
scendant of the first white child born in Worcester.
She was born Jilarch 22, 1837. Maria Bigelow was

the daughter of Lewis and Sophia Bigelow, and
was born in W^orcester, April i, 1815, and married
May 24, 1836. (See sketch of Bigelow family). Mr.
and Mrs. Brown had no children. Mrs. Brown re-
sides at her home in Worcester, 21 Elm street,

(IX) Henry William Brown, .son of Albert
Brown (8), born in Worcester, June 21, 1831, died
February 21, 1900, at Daytona, Florida, where he
was spending the winter. He married Harriet B.
Rathbone, of Providence, Rhode Island. He grad-
uated from Harvard College in 1852. and from
Harvard Divinity School in 1857. He preferred
teaching to the ministry, and from 1875 to 1896,
a period of twenty-one years, was an instructor in
the State Normal School of Worcester. His serv-
ices in the school are best told by quoting the words
of Principal E. Harlow Russell.

" Coming to the school so soon after its bcKinninc. he had
much to do with shaping its policy and in establishing tiie depart-
ment which he maintained with so much efficiency and distinction.
A graduate of Harvard College and later of the Harvard Divinity
School, in his early years he was a clergyman, but left that pro-
fession for the more conyenial one of teaching. He may certain-
ly be said to have given the best years of his life to the service of
the Worcester school. He was always thoroughly in sympathy
with the aims and purposes of its administration, loyal to its princ-
ipal, appreciative of its excellencies, and considerate to a marked
degree of its defects. With his fellow teachers his relations were
most friendly They felt the strength that he brought to the
faculty, and always regarded him with affectionate admiration.
While not an ambitious man, as the word is ordinarily used, his
standard of excellence was high, and he gave to his professional
work the best that was in him. He was a ripe scholar, with a
thorough command of the classical languages and literatures, but
he never ceased to be a diligent student, with a genuine taste for
knowledge of all sorts, in the lines of science as well as of litera •
ture His most conspicuous service to the cause of education
was probably his translation from the German of Prof. Preyer's
famous books, 'The Mind of the Child,' and Mental Develop-
ment in the Child.' Mr. Brown's intimate acquaintance with
German, acquired during two periods of residence in Germany,
together with his command of a clear, idiom Uic English style,
render these translations of the highest authority and value. "The
work was published by D. .'^ppleton & Co.. New York, in their
International Education Series, and the translation received the
highest commendation from the editor of the series. Dr. William
T. Harris, United States Commissioner of Education.

" Mr. Brown was a man of unusual refinement, of lof'y ideals
and of warm affections. Tl^ese qualities, combined with his ample
intellectual equipment, made him a teacher of rare breadth and
power. The graduates of this school will bear unanimous testi-
mony to the quality and permanence of the influence he exerted
upon growing minds, an influence appreciated by them more and
more with the lapse of time. Although his standard washieh, his
dealings with individual pupils were always felt to be just and
humane, and in his classes there was no tyranny and no friction.
It may be truly said that among the hundreds of young people
who have come under his instruction here, there was not one who
did not feel toward him not only profound respect but warm
esteem. And his attachment to the graduates was shown by his
manifest pleasure in meeting them on their visits to the school
and his genial speeches to them at their annual reunions. The
graduates have a permanent memorial of him which they greatly
prize in the shape of a reunion song composed for them by him
some years ago. and which is sung s'eirlv to the tune of " I''air
Harvard" at their annual gatherings. Wlien Mr. Brown was in
Worcester last autumn he was invited by a committee of graduates
tositfi)r his portrait for the graduates' room of the school This
he did, and the result, a large photograph by Notman, of Boston,
proved a most satisfactory likeness and is now of priceless value.
To the large body of graduates who for a score of years have en-
ioyed Mr. Brown's instructions, as well as to the circle of his
more intimate friends, the news of his death will come with a
sense of personal loss"

He had one son, Conway Rathbone, who died
while a student and undergraduate at Harvard, at
the age of twenty-three years.

(IX) J. Stewart Brown, son of Albert Brown (8),
was born in Worcester, Massachusetts. September 12,
1837. He was educated in the public and high
schools of Worcester, and began the active duties
of life by entering the employ of Henry W. Miller,
proprietor of a hardware store, with whom he re-
mained several years ; later he established a house-
furnishing business of his own which he continued
until the breaking out of the civil war. At that
time he was sergeant of the old Worcester Light
Infantry, and was made sergeant of his company in

WORCESTER COUNTY

the famous Sixth Massachusetts Regiment, which
was mustered out August 2, i86r, and which was
attacked which marching' through the streets of
Baltimore to Washington, District of Cohimbia. In
the fall of 1861 he went to the front with a com-
mittee of relief, with between eleven and twelve
hundred dollars contributed for the Worcester sol-
diers. In November, 1862, he was commissioned
adjutant of the Fifty-first Regiment, Massachusetts
Infantry, participated in the battles of Kinston,
Whitehall and Goldsboro, North Carolina, and was
mustered out July 2, 1S63. Later he entered the
commissary department with the Ninth Army Corps
and remained until the close of the war, receiving his
honorable discharge April 16, 1865. Upon his return
to civil life JMr. Brown again entered the employ of
Mr. Miller, remaining two years. He then engaged
in business on his own account, manufacturing braid
and shoe laces, and after conducting the same for
four years disposed of the business in order to
accept the office of water registrar of the city of
Worcester, which he filled to the satisfaction of the
various administrations, and to the people of the
city, until his resignation in 1883, when he ac-
cepted the treasurership of the Worcester Five
Cents Savings Bank, to which he had been elected.
For nearly twentj'-five years he has been the ex-
ecutive head of this large and prosperous savings
institution, which, judged from every standard, is
one of the most successful of its kind in the city.
It has shown a wonderful growth in the total de-
posits and investments. He is a director of the Mer-
chants' and Farmers' Fire Insurance Company, of
Worcester, rendering faithful service in that capacity.
Upon the organization of George H. Ward Posi,
No. ID, Grand Army of the Republic, he was ap-
pointed the first adjutant, and he has been a constant
and earnest worker for the best interests and welfare
of the post ever since. He has also been an officer
of his regimental association since its organization.
In the war play, "The Drummer Boy of Shiloh,"
which has been given for many years annually in
the Worcester theatre, he took, for la numlier of
years, the part of Frank Rutkdge, and his achieve-
ments in this part will never be forgotten by his
comrades and those who attended the performances.
The excellence of the cast originally had much to
do with the perennial popularity of this grand old
war play in Worcester. The Grand Army of the
Republic has netted a considerable income every year
from the week's performances of the "The Drum-
mer Boy," as it is commonly called. Mr. Brown is
a member of the Unitarian church. In politics he
is a Republican.

He married (first), September 26. 1872, E. Fan-
nie Childs, born at Hartford, Connecticut, April 29,
1845, died in Worcester, Massachusetts, May 1,5,
1894, daughter of Gardner and F'annie (Goulding)
Childs, of Worcester. The children of this union
were : Albert, born November 2, 1877, educated at
the Worcester public and high schools, and a grad-
uate of the American Academy of the Stage, which
he attended for three years ; he has made a very
promising start in his first professional engagement
on the stage. Helen Elizabeth, born in Worcester,
July 21, 1886, attended the Worcester public schools,
and was a graduate of the class of 1904 of Prospect
hill school, at Greenfield, Massachusetts, lie mar-
ried (second), June 11, 1896, Harriet E. Johonnot,
born September 3, 1848. at Boston, Massachusetts,
daughter of Ambrose E. and Elizabeth (Gaffield)
Johonnot, of Boston.

(IX) Edwin Brown, son of Albert Brown (8),
was born in Worcester, March 24, 1844. He at-
tended the Worcester public schools, leaving the
high school in 1S60 to accept a position in the City

Bank, afterwards the City National Bank, absorbed
in 1903 by the Worcester Trust Company. At the
age of eighteen he enlisted in Company C, Fifty-
first Regiment, and served in the campaigns in
North Carolina and Maryland. ^ He returned to
Worcester with his regiment in l8()3, and became
book-keeper at the City Bank, but after two years
was called to the Worcester National Bank, where
he became teller, remaining in that position for one
year, when he was called back to the City National
Bank as teller and assistant cashier. He continued
there until 1871, when he went into business with
his father-in-law, Timothy K. Earle, becoming a
member of the firm of T. K. Earle &. Co., whose
factory for the manufacture of machine card cloth-
ing for cotton and woolen mills was located on
Grafton street, Worcester. In 1880 a stock com-
pany was formed under the name of the T. K.
Earle Manufacturing Company, with Mr. Brown as
treasurer and manager. j\lr. Earle died in 1881, and
Mr. Brown continued the business for the com-
pany until 1890. At that lime there was a con-
solidation of the various card clothing factories of
the country under the name of the American Card
Clothing Company. Mr. Brown was treasurer of
the new corporation, and he held that position until
190S, when the company was licpndated.

Mr. Brown is a vice-president of the Worcester
Five Cents Savings Bank. He was one of the
founders of the Quinsigamond Boat Club in 1857,
and in his younger days was the stroke oar of the
crack crew of that club, which formerly held the
championship of the lake, and which rowed on the
Hudson river at Troy, New York, October 9, 1867,
in the first national amateur regatta in the United
States. Mr. Brown has always taken an interest
in healthful athletics and sports. He was a charter
member of the Worcester Club, and is a member
of the old Worcester F'ire Society, a veteran mem-
ber of George H. Ward Post, ' 10, G. A. R. ; a life
member of the Worcester County Mechanics Asso-
ciation ; a member of the Worcester Natural History
Society; the Worcester Society of Antiquity; the
Tatnuck Country Club, and was formerly a member
of the Commonwealth Club; the Grafton Country
Club; and the Worcester County Musical Associ-
ation. He is a Republican. He belongs to the First
Unitarian Church.

He married, June 12, 1872, Mariana Mifflin Earle,
daughter of Timothy K. and Nancy (Hacker) Earle.
Their children are: I. Earle, born in Worcester,
August 15, 1873; graduated Harvard University
1895 ; was in business two years ; went to Spanish-
American war in the F'irst Rhode Island Regiment;
then went lo Harvard Law School ; is practicing
law in Worcester, 314 Main /Street. 2. Edwin
Hacker, born Worcester, July 29. 1875; graduated
Harvard University 1896, and at Worcester Poly-
technic Institute 1898: is a mechanical engineer
with the Minneapolis Steel and Machinery Company
of Minneapolis, Minnesota, and is now (1905) at
Nome, Alaska, on his fourth trip as engineer for
gold mining companies. 3. Caspar Mifflin, born in
Worcester, 'October 13, 1878; graduated at Harvard
University 1900; with Graton & Knight Manufac-
turing Company of Worcester, and has had charge
of their exhibits at St. Louis, Missouri, and Port-
land (Oregon) Expositions: while in college he
was a member of the Hasty Pudding Club, presi-
dent of the Varsitv Banjo Club, and was on his
class crews and foo'tball teams. 4. Lloyd Thornton,
born August 20. 1880; graduated at Harvard LTni-
versity 1903; now in Harvard Medical School; was
president of the Varsitv Mandolin Club, and a mem-
ber of the Hasty Pudding and other clubs while in
college.

WORCESTER COUNTY

(IX) Charles Eaton Brown, son of Albert Brown
(8), was born in Worcester, January 23, 1847. He
graduated from the Worcester High School in
1863, and from the United States Naval Academy
at Annapolis in 1^7. He was one of the officers of
the U. S. navy who were with the first embassy
ever received at the court of the Tycoon of Japan,
and, when Minister De Long was received, the
Americans were entertained with barbaric splendor.
The Tycoon had some selected executions of crim-
inals, and even some crucifixions to entertain and
honor his guests. The U. S. gunboat "Oneida," of
which he was an officer, was sunk in the harbor of
Yokohama, January 23, 1S70, by the British steam-
ship "Bombay," and one hundred and twenty of-
ficers and men lost their lives. The body of Ensign
Brown was recovered and brought home to Wor-
cester for interment. He was unmarried.

THE SPRAGUE FAMILY, descended from
good old English stock, have an honorable history
covering a period of nearly three hundred years
in America. The late Hosea Sprague published in
1828 a genalogy of the Spragues in Hingham to the
fourth generation. He lived at Hingham, Massa-
chusetts, and his personal knowledge of the family
aided him in making a compilation of the records,
and from it we glean many points invaluable in this
connection.

Edward Sprague, of England, was a resident of
Upway, county of Dorset, where he died in 1614.
He was a fuller by trade. He married Christiana
(family name not given in the record)by whom he had
six children: Ralph, Alice, Edward, Richard, Chris-
topher, William. Ralph, Richard and William ar-
rived at Naumkeag (Salem) in 1628, coming over in
the interest of the Massachusetts Bay Company, who
decreed that "none but honest and godly men should
go oyer to settle." In "Prince's Chronology" we
read: "Among those who arrived at Naumkeag are
Ralph Sprague, with his brothers Richard and
William, who with three or four more were by
Governor Endicott employed to explore and take
possession of the country westward. They traveled
through the woods to Charlestown, on a neck of
land called Mishawum, between Mystic and Charles
rivers, full of Indians named Aberginians, with
whom they made peace." Hon. Edward Everett in
' his address commemorative of the bi-centennial of the
arrival of Winthrop at Charlestown, said: "Ralph,
Richard and William Sprague are the founders of
the settlement in this place, and were persons of
substance and enterprise, excellent citizens, generous
public benefactors, and the head of a very large and
respectable family of descendants."

Ralph Sprague was about twenty-five years of
age when he came to this country. He had four
sons, John, Richard, Samuel and Phineas. and a
daughter Mary, who married Daniel Edmands
on September 28, 1630. John and Richard were
born in England. Ralph was one of a jury
impaneled which seems to have been the first jury
in Massachusetts. Ralph Sprague was a lieutenant
in the train band. In 1631 Captain Richard Sprague
commanded a company of the train band, and on
Friday of each week exercised his command at a
convenient place near the Indian wigwams. Feb-
ruary 10, 1634, the famous order creating a board
of selectmen was passed ; Richard and William
Sprague signed the order. Richard Sprague left
no posterity. His sword which is named in his
brother William's will was preserved in one of the
old Sprague houses in Hingham in 1828.

(I) William Sprague, son of Edward, of Eng-
land, was born in England. He married, 1635,
Millesaint, daughter of Anthony Eames. She died

February 8, 1696. He remained in Charlestown until
1636. His wife was admitted into the church in
Charlestown in 1635, and the eldest son was bap-
tized there May, 1636. He came to Hingham m
the same year in a boat which landed on the east
side of the cove, on a tract afterward granted to
him by the town, and became one of the first plant-
ers, the name Bare Cove having been changed to
Hingham, September 2, 1635. William Sprague's
house lot was said to be the pleasantest in Hing-
ham. Many parcels of land were granted to him
from 1636 to 1647. These gifts show the esteem
in which he was held by his fellow townsmen. Jan-
uary 30, 164s, he was one of seven men chosen in
town meeting to order the prudential affairs of the
town. In 1662 he was disbursing officer for the
town, and also constable and fence viewer, etc. Feb-
ruary 21, 1673, he deeded to his son Anthony cer-
tain lands for six and thirty pounds of lawful
money of New England, and nine pounds in mer-
chantable corn. He died October 26, 1675. The
children of William and Millesaint Sprague were:

1. Anthony, born September 2, 1635, married Eliza-
beth Bartlett, daughter of Robert Bartlett, of
Plymouth. He was a large landowner of Hing-
ham. His house was burned by Indians, April
19, 1676. He died September 3, 1719. 2. John,
baptized April, 1638, married Elizabeth Holbrook,
December 13, 1666. Sprague Island was given to
him by his father. He died in Mendon, 1690. 3.
Samuel, baptized May 24, 1640. He removed to
Marshfield, Massachusetts, where he became secre-
tary of the colony and register of deeds before
1692. He was the great-grandfather of Hon. Seth
Sprague, of Duxbury. 4. Elizabeth, baptized May

2, 1641. 5. Jonathan, baptized March 20, 1642, died
July 4, 1647. 6. Perses, baptized November 12, 1643,
married John Doggett. 7. Joanna, baptized Decem-
ber, 1644, married Caleb Church, December 16,
1667. 8. Jonathan, born May 28, 1648, moved to
Providence, Rhode Island. 9. William, born May
7, 1650, married Deborah Lane, daughter of Andrew
Lane, December 13, 1674. At a later date he re-
moved to Providence, Rhode Island. 10. Mary, bap-
tized May 25, 1652, married Thomas King. II. Han-
nah, baptized Februarv 26, 1655, died March 31,
1658.

(II) Jonathan Sprague, born in Hingham, May
28. 1648, son of William (l), married Mehitabel,
daughter of William and Elizabeth Holbrook, and
in 1672 removed to Mendon, Massachusetts. In
1675, his father died and left to him sixty acres of land
in Providence, Rhode Island, where he settled be-
fore 1680. He aided in surveying the eastern line
of the colony. His was a strong, manly character.
He was a piember of the house of deputies for
sixteen years between 1695 a'ld 1714; speaker of the
house, 1703 ; and member of the town council eight
years from 1705 to 1712; clerk of the assembly in
1707. In 1703, with two others, he w-as appointed
to draw up the methods and proceedings of the
court of common pleas. The "Annals of Provi-
dence" says he was a decidedly religious man, pro-
fessed the Baptist faith, and preached as an ex-
horter. He died in 1741. The children of Jonathan
and Mehitabel Sprague were: l. Jonathan, a resi-
dent of Providence and Smithfield, Rhode Island,
married Bethiah Mann, November 28, 1699. She
was born March 12, 1683. and died April 6, 1712.
For his second wife he married Hannah Hawkins,
widow of Stephen Hawkins. He died April 22,
1764. 2. William, born February 2, 1691, was a resi-
dent of Providence, and also of Smithfield, Rhode
Island. Smithfield was set off from Providence and
organized as a town in 1730. He died in Smith-
field, 1768. He bore the rank of captain in the

<^./?,^^

Q/rff<7,ia^

WORCESTER COUNTY

econd militia regiment of Providence in 1732. The
History of Woonsocket, Rhode Island," says : "For
pwards of a century the Spragiies were prominent
ctors in the religious and political history of old
imithfield." He deeded much land to one cause
nd another, and large tracts to his children. 3.
'alienee, married William Jenks, and they had ten
hildren. 4. Joanna, married John Teft, who died
1 1762. She died in 1757. They had eleven chil-
ren. 5. Mary, married Daniel Brown, and they
ad six children. 6. A daughter whose name is
nknown, married Ebenezer Cook.

(III) Captain William Sprague, son of Jon-
than (2), born 1691, married September 16, 1714,
lies Browne, who was born iMay 31, 1691. Their
hildren were: I. Nehemiah, born January 5. 1717,
larried, 1738, Mary Brown. 2. Ales, born October
, 1720. 3. Sarah, born February 10, 1722, married
William Sly. 4. Samuel, born September 12, 1724.
. Jetter, born September 19, 1726. 6. Joshua, born
uly 3, 1729, married Abigail Wilber.

(IV) Nehemiah Sprague, son of Captain Will-
im Sprague (3), married April 16, 1738, Mary
Irown, and had Elias, born in Smithiield, Rhode
sland, June 16, 1744; Nehemiah, born January 20,
750, who died there in June, 1796. These brothers
'ere farmers, and members of the Society of
riends.

(V) Elias Sprague, son of Nehemiah (4), was
orn in Smithiield, Rhode Island, June 16, 1744, and
ied in Douglass, Massachusetts, February 15, 1799.
le married Mercy, daughter of Joseph Bassett,
LUgust s, 1764; she was sister of Alice, who became
le wife of Nehemiah (5). Elias moved to Doug-
iss, Massachusetts, not later than 1788, at which
ate he deeded his homestead in Smithfield, Rhode
iland, for three hundred and ninety pounds silver
loney. The children born to Elias and Mercy
■Prague were : I. Jonathan, born December 9,
705. 2. Theodate, born January 4, 1768. 3. Amy,
orn October 6, 1769. 4. Benjamin, born April 10,
771. 5. Lavinia, born August 12, 1773. 6. Stephen,
orn November 18, 1775, married Olive Seagrave.

Preserved, born October 17, 1777, married Joanna
rask. 8. Thankful, born October 19, 1779. 9.
William, born June 3, 1782. 10. Alice, born August

J, 1784. II. Elias, born . 12. Lucina,

orn — ■ — . 13. Unnamed.

(VI) Jonathan Sprague, son of Elias Sprague
S), born at Smithfield, Rhode Island, December 9,
765, was twice married. His first wife was Pa-
ence, daughter of Robert Pixley (or Pidgeley), of
lew Grafton, Massachusetts. She was born in
765. They were married in Smithfield by Pelcg
Lrnold, justice of the peace, August 12, 1785. Their
lildren were: I. Sarah, born in Smithfield, Rhode
sland, December 3, 1785. 2. Nehemiah, born
1 Smithfield, Rhode Island, June 17, 1787.
. Mercy, born in Douglas, Massachusetts, Janu-
ry 17, 1789. 4. Federal Constitution, born
I Douglas, Massachusetts, October 16, 1790.
. Amy. born in Douglas, October 14, 1792.
. Daniel, born in Douglas, August 4, 1794. 7.
'reserved, born in Douglas, April 4, 1796, died in
:iildhood. 8. Lee, born in Douglas, February 7,
798. 9. Patience, born in Douglas, March i, 1800.
3. Jonathan, Jr., born in Douglas, October 6, 1801.

The father, Jonathan Sprague, died in Thompson,
bnnecticut, October 29, 1815. Patience, his wife,
ied December 14, 1801. They were buried in the
riends' burying-ground at South Douglas, Massa-
lusetts. Jonathan Sprague married (second)
lezia, daughter of Daniel and Kezia Torrey, of
utton. Massachusetts. She was born there April
5, 1770, and died in Douglas, Massachusetts, May

10, 1844. Their children were: Almira, Philinda,
Elias and Emeline. In all, Jonathan Sprague had
ninety-seven grandchildren.

(VII) Lee Sprague, son of Jonathan (6), and
Patience Sprague, was born in Douglas, Massa-
chusetts, February 7, 1798. He married (first)
Olive How Williams, May 21, 1821, who was born
in Pomfret, Connecticut, November 27, 1803. She
died in Ware, Massachusetts, November 11, 1822.
The second wife of Lee Sprague was Lucia Snow,
born April 28, 1805, daughter of Deacon Eli Snow
and Alice Alden, she being in the sixth generation
from John Alden of the "Mayfiower." The father
of Lucia Snow was in the fifth generation from
Nicholas Snow, who came to Plymouth in the ship
"Ann," in 1623, and married Constance Hopkins,
a "Mayflower" pilgrim. Lucia Snow was married
in Ware, Massachusetts, to Lee Sprague, September
8, 1824, and died in Worcester, Massachusetts,
December 4, 1864. Lee Sprague married for his
third wife Mary A. Bradley, born in 1808, married
May 8, 1866, deceased. The children of Lee and
Lucia Sprague were: I. Olive Williams, born in
Ware, Massachusetts, June 12, 1825; died in East
Douglas, Massachusetts, December 23, 1840. 2.
Augustus B. R., born in Ware, Massachusetts, March
7, 1827. 3. Caroline Florella, born in Ware, Massa-
chusetts, July I, 1829; died in East Jaffrey, New
Hampshire, August 7, 1863. 4. Francis Henry, born
in Ware, Massachusetts. June 3, 1833 ; died April
13, 1834. 5. William Wirt, born in Ware, Massa-
chusetts, February 8, 1835 ; died August 20, 1837, in
East Douglas. 6. William Lee, born in East Doug-
las, Massachusetts, November 9, 1839; died Jan-
uary 23, 1841.

Lee Sprague, the father of these children, died
in Worcester, Massachusetts, September 9, 1877.

(VIII) Caroline Florella Sprague, daughter of
Lee and Lucia Sprague, born in Ware, Massa-
chusetts, July I, 1829, died in East Jaffrey, New
Hampshire, August 7, 1863. She married Rev.
Franklin D. Austin, at Worcester, Massachusetts,
January, 1853. Their children were: i. Frank Lee,
born in Tolland. Massachusetts, March 16, 1855 ;
became a civil engineer, a graduate of Worcester
Polytechnic Institute, 1877; died in April, 1897. 2.
Flora Lucia, born in East Jaffrey, New Hampshire,
December 27, 1857 ; graduated at Mt. Holyoke,
Massachusetts; died in St. Paul, Minnesota, January
5, 1900. 3. Caroline Sprague, born in East Jaffrey,
New Hampshire. July 29, 1863 ; graduated at
Smith's College, Massachusetts.

GENERAL AUGUSTUS BROWN REED
SPRAGUE was born in Ware, Massachusetts,
March 7, 1827, son of Lee and Lucia (Snow)
Sprague. He is a lineal descendant in the seventh
generation from William Sprague, who came from
England in 1628 with Endicott in the interest of
the Massachusetts Bay Company to prepare for a
new colony. His maternal grandmother, Alice Al-
den, was a descendant in the fifth generation from
John Alden, and his grandfather, Eli Snow, in the
same generation, from Constance Hopkins, another
"Mayflower" pilgrim.

General Sprague obtained his education in public
and private schools in Ware and East Douglas, and
was fitting for college when home circumstances
compelled a change of plan, and in 1842 he carne
to Worcester. At first a clerk, he soon engaged in
mercantile business for himself, and was so occupied
from 1S46 to 1861, when at the outbreak of the re-
bellion he gave his services to his country. He was
well prepared for the emergency, being already a
well drilled soldier. He had joined the Worcester

WORCESTER COUNTY

Guards at the age of seventeen, and had served as
private, non-commissioned and commissioned officer,
as adjutant of the Eighth Regiment, and major and
inspector on the staff of the commander of the
Fifth Brigade, Third Division, Massachusetts Vol-
unteer MiHtia, which latter position he was holding
at the time of the attack upon Fort Sumter. Under
the call of President Lincoln for the first seventy-
five thousand men. Major Sprague was unanimously
elected to the captamcy of the Worcester City
Guards, designated as Company A, Third Rifle Bat-
talion, commanded by Major Charles Devens, Jr.
This body left for the seat of war April 20, 1861.
Early in July Major Devens was called to the com-
mand of the Fifteenth Regiment Massachusetts Vol-
unteers, and Captain Sprague, by virtue of seniority,
commanded the battalion until its muster-out on
August 3d, its term of service having expired. Upon
his return home he at once identified himself with
the organization of the Twenty-fifth Regiment,
Massachusetts Volunteers, in which he was com-
missioned lieutenant-colonel. On his solicitation sev-
eral who had served with him in the Third Battalion
were commissioned in this regiment, among them
being Major McCafferty, Adjutant Harkuess, and
Captains Pickett, Moulton, O'Neil and Atwood. Be-
fore the regiment left its rendezvous for the front
Colonel Sprague was presented with a magnificent
sword and belt by the members of his old company.
Later his Worcester friends presented him with a
valuable horse and equipments, Hon. Alexander H.
Bullock making the presentation address on behalf
of the donors. Colonel Sprague served with his
regiment until November 11, 1862, taking part in
all the skirmishes and battles in which it participated,
including the famous "Burnside Expedition," and
he was officially commended by his superior officer
"for bravery and efficiency in the battles of Roanoke
Island and Newberne." He was promoted, on the
date which marked his separation from the Twenty-
fifth Regiment, to the colonelcy of the Fifty-first
Massachusetts Regiment. By special request of Major
General John G. Foster, the department commander.
Colonel Sprague was ordered with his new regiment
back to North Carolina, where he participated in the
battles of Kinston, Whitehall and Goldsboro. The
names of these engagements were subsequently by
order of Major General Foster inscribed upon the
regimental colors which had been presented by the
ladies of Worcester.

When General Lee led the Confederat army on
the campaign which found its disastrous ending at
historic Gettysburg, Colonel Sprague's regiment,
with others, was ordered from Newberne to rein-
force General John A. Dix at White House, on the
Pamunky river, after which it returned to Fortress
Monroe for transportation to Massachusetts, its term
of service having expired. Learning, however, that
the rebel army was yet north of the Potomac river.
Colonel Sprague telegraphed to Edwin M. Stanton,
Secretary of War, an offer of his regiment for fur-
ther service. This patriotic proffer was gladly ac-
cepted, and the regiment was ordered to Baltimore,
and thence to the Army of the Potomac at Williams-
port, Maryland, and only left the field when Lee's
army was well out of reach on its retreat into Vir-
ginia. The return of the Fifty-first Regiment to
Worcester was a notable event in the history of the
city, glad hearts, and the sorrowful ones as well,
joining in the glad welcome to the returning heroes,
and making a day long to be remembered. July 27
the regiment was mustered out of service.

Colonel Sprague, however, was not to remain
long inactive. Soon after the disbandment of his
regiment he was requested by Governor John A.

Andrew to recruit and command the Fifty-seventlj
Regiment, but illness in his family constrained him
to decline. Later he again oft'ered his service to his
state, and as there were then no new regiments being
raised, he was offered by Governor Andrew a com-
mission as lieutenant-colonel in either one of two
regiments then in the field — the Fourth Cavalry and
the Second Heavy Artillery. His warm personal
regard and soldierly admiration for a young man
well remembered in Worcester county, Francis
Washburn, who had made a brilliant record as a
captain in the First Massachusetts Cavalry Regi-
ment and was well deserving of promotion, moved
him to decline the first of these offers in favor of
his friend, and he accepted the latter. He was com-
missioned February i, 1864, and at once joined his
regiment, with which he served in some of the
most momentous campaigns which marked that stir-
ring period. He commanded his regiment in its
field service in southern Virginia and North Caro-
lina, and formed a part of General Schofield's col-
umn in its march to open up communication at
Goldsboro, North Carolina, with the army of Major
General William T. Sherman, which, having come
thus far from Savannah after its "March to the
Sea," was now moving against the confederate
General Joseph E. Johnston. These operations,
combined with those of General Ulysses S. Grant
against the rebel army under Lee, worked the down-
fall of the Confederacy, and soon afterward the
regiment was sent to the mouth of Cape Fear river
to dismantle Fort Fisher and repair Fort Caswell,
and later assembled at Galloupe Island, in Boston
Harbor, where it was discharged from service Sep-
tember 20, 1865, previous to which he was commis-
sioned colonel of the regiment. He was brevetted
brigadier-general to date from March 13, 1865, "for
gallant and meritorious services during the war."
His entire service covered the long period of three
years and nine months, and ever received the
warmest commendation of his superior officers.

Returning to civil life. General Sprague was soon
called to important civil service, which marked the
beginning of a period of more than a quarter of
a century of public life. In February, 1867, he was
appointed collector of internal revenue of the Eighth
Massachusetts District. Ou* the death of Hon. J.
S. C. Knowlton, sheriff of the county of Worcester,
General Sprague was appointed his successor, in
July, 1871, and he acquitted himself with such con-
spicuous ability that he was elected to the posi-
tion at the next election, and successively re-elected
until his tenure of office was extended to six terms
of three years each, continuing until January, 1890.
Soon after entering upon his duties the Worcester
prison was greatly enlarged, and after its comple-
tion General Sprague gave to all the details of prison
management his close personal attention, entering
upon a work which was justly regarded as a public
benefit, and a pronounced advance in the improve-
ment of modern prisons. He revised the entire
system of accounts keeping, and introduced innova-
tions which at once conduced to the comfort of the
prisoners and awoke in them a sense of gratitude
to him and respect for themselves which found ad-
ditional fruits in improved morale and more effi-
cient discipline. In both prisons under his con-
trol (at Fitchburg as well as at Worcester) he
did away with the shaving of heads and the wear-
ing of parti-colored garments, believing them to be
unnecessary indignities imposed upon short-term
prisoners. Food of better quality, in greater variety,
and prepared under the best hygienic methods, was
provided, and at less cost than that of an inferior
quality. Better clothing and bedding were provided,

WORCESTER COUNTY

ind the library was largely increased with carefully
.elected books. General Sprague's efforts, inany of
hem innovations, were so highly appreciated by the
lommissioners of prisons that they gave warm ex-
)ressions to their commendation in their annual re-
jorts, pronouncing the Worcester count}' prisons
he model prisons of the commonwealth. Addi-
ional appreciation was expressed by Governor Long,
vho urged General Spraguc to accept the appoint-
nent of warden of the state prison, but he was so
nterested in his work in the Worcester county
)rison that he declined. •

General Spraguc has also rendered useful service
n both branches of the municipal govtrnment. In
December, 1895, he was elected mayor of Worcester,
uid was re-elected the following year, his term of
jffice being thus extended to January, 1898. His ad-
ninistration was particularly distinguished as the
)ne during which was erected the new city hall, a
luilding of notable beauty and utility, and from
he beginning of the work until it was practically
:ompleted, he was an ex-officio member of the
niilding commission, and gave his oversight to the
vork of construction. At the present time General
Sprague is president of the Worcester Electric
-ight Company, and of the Worcester iMechanics
Savings Bank. General Sprague maintains a deep
nterest in the various military bodies with which
te is connected, and in which he is most widely
md favorably known. A. B. R. Sprague Post No.
'.4, G. A. R., of Grafton, was named in his honor,
^n 1868 he was commander of the ^Massachusetts
Department of that order, and in 1873-74 was quar-
ermaster-general on the staff of the national com-
nander, General Charles Devens. He is a charter
Tiember of the Massachusetts Commandery, Mili-
ary Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States,
md in 186S was its junior vice-coinmander. He
lided in the formation of the Fifty-first Massachu-
setts Regiment Association, of which he has been
:or many years president. In 1889 that body pre-
sented to him a beautiful and valuable diamond
studded Grand Army badge, and in 1903 it paid him
;he high compliment of causing his war-time por-
:rait to be painted and presented to the Worcester
bounty Mechanics Association, which placed it upon
;he wall of their hall. He is also a member of the
Society of Mayflower descendants, of the IMasonic
fraternity, and of numerous other social and benc-
icial organizations.

General Sprague married, December 23, 1846,
Elizabeth Janes, daughter of Samuel and Eliza Shep-
ard Rice, who was born January' 25. 1826, and died
February 20, 1889. Their children, all born in Wor-
:ester, Massachusetts, were : Samuel Augustus, born
June 17, 1847, died May 12, 1848. William Augustus,
Dorn May 11, 1850, died April -9, 1857. Josephine
Elizabeth, born December 19, 1851, married, Octo-
ber 16, 1872, Edward H. Knowlton, and died in
Worcester, December 7, 1879. She left one son,"
Howard Spraguc Knowlton, born iNIarch 4, 1S78.
He was graduated at the Worcester Polytechnic In-
stitute, class of 1898, and married, October 17, igoi,
Alice Frances Conant. Carrie Lee, born April 17,
1858. died August 28, 1877. Fred Foster, born Oc-
tober 24, 1864, married, April 12, 1892, Adaline
Estelle Sprague. He died July 16, 1906. Gen-
eral Sprague married (second), October 23,
1890, Mary Jeimie, daughter of William C.
and Martha Kimball Barbour, of Worcester.
She was born September 24. 1857, and was
at the time of her marria.ge assistant librarian of
the Free Public Library of Worcester. Their only
child, Alice Aldcn, was born September II, 1893.

WILLIAM ELLIS RICE, son of William and
Lmehne (Draper) Rice, was born at Ware, Mas-a-

chusetls, August 6, 1833.

He is from colonial stock, being in the seventh
hne from his first American ancestor. Deacon Ed-
mund Rice, who, born in 1594. came from Berk-
hamstead, Hertfordshire, England, and settled in
Sudbury, Massachusetts, in 1638. His genealogical
descent is through Thomas, born 161 1 ; Ephraim,
born 1655; John, born 1704: Peter, born 17^5; Will-
iam, born 1803. His grandfather, Peter Rice, born
at Sudbury, Massachusetts, June 25, 1755, moved
to Spencer, Massachusetts, and married Olive,
daughter of Major Asa Baldwin, of Spencer, an
officer in the revolutionary army. Peter Rice was a
soldier' in the revolutionary war, a member of Cap-
tain Seth Washburn's company that marched from
Leicester, and was one of those actually in the fight
at Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775. Wil'liam, son of
Peter, and the youngest of thirteen children, all
born at Spencer, was the father of William Ellis.
He died at Worcester, November 18, 1882.

On the maternal side his grandfather, Hon.
James Draper, born at Spencer, February 26, 177S,
was the sixth of that name in direct descent from
James Draper, who, born 1C18, came from Halifax,
Yorkshire, England, and settled in Roxbury, Massa-
chusetts, lie was born in Spencer and died there
in 1868. in his ninety-first year, having served his
native town in many capacities, such as town clerk,
chairman board of selectmen, town treasurer, over-
seer of the poor, town agent, etc. He was also a
county commissioner, a member of the general court
for thirteen years, a senator, a magistrate for over
fifty years, and the author of Draper's "History of
Spencer," published in 1841.

His mother, the eldest daughter of James and
Lucy (Watson) Draper, of Spencer, was a woman
of unusual dignity of character, intelligent, kind-
hearted and .sympathetic. She died in 1854. The
parents of Mr. Rice were residing at his birth in
Ware, where his father with his father's eldest
brother were proprietors of the general store of the
town : some years later his parents took up their
residence in Worcester.

The subject of this sketch was given such edu-
cation as was considered necessary to fit for com-
mercial business, including a year or so at the high
school and about the same time at Leicester Acad-
emy. In 1852, at the age of ci.ghteen he obtained
the position of clerk and book-keeper in the counting
room of Ichabod Washburn & Co., in Worcester,
at that time the principal drawers and finishers of
the finer grades of iron wire in this country. He
remained with this firm about seven years, acquir-
ing a general knowledge of business and of the
manufacture of wire, and then relinquished his posi-
tion and engaged in similar business in a smaller
way on his own account, in partnership with Mr.
Dorrance S. Goddard, under the firm name of Wil-
liam E. Rice & Co. Business was started in leased
premises in Connecticut, and shortly after moved to
Holyoke, Massachusetts, where a large modern plant
was erected by them, and the venture made success-
ful and prosperous.

In 1865, at the solicitation of Mr. Ichabod Wa.sh-
burn. whose confidence and favor Mr. Rice pos-
sessed, this business was joined with Mr. Wash-
burn's larger business, then incorporated under the
title of I. Washburn & Moen Wire Works. Con-
currently Mr. Rice became a stockholder, director
and executive officer in this corporation. From this
merger Mr. Rice's influence and activity in the
further development in Worcester of its greatest

WORCESTER COUNTY

industry, the manufacture of wire, began. He was
in hearty accord with Mr. Washburn in the belief
that the business could be greatly expanded with
beneficial results. Closely following this connection,
a plant in the village of Quinsigamond was pur-
chased and a company incorporated under the title
of the Quinsigamond Iron and Wire Works, for the
manufacture of wire-rods and wire, with Mr. Rice
as its treasurer and general manager. This com-
pany was very successful in business, and was
merged with the I. Washburn & Moen Wire Works,
imder the corporate title of Washburn & Moen
Manufacturing Company, in 1868. This merger
marked an epoch in the enlargement of the wire
industry in Worcester, and was the occasion of the
purchase of the manufacturing site on Grove street,
at that time occupied in part, under lease, by the
I. Washburn & Moen Wire Works, and the erection,
under a comprehensive plan, of substantial mill
buildings and power plants and the installation of
the continuous rod-rolling system for producing
rods of small gauge and in longer lengths than was
at the time practiced in this country. This practice
was introduced from England,^ where it _was re-
reported upon by Mr. Rice during his visit to the
manufacturing districts there in 1867. This system,
modified and greatly improved by Worcester engi-
neers, has been a potent factor in promoting the
growth of the wire industry in Worcester. Mr.
Rice, who was a director in the corporation and its
treasurer, was influential and active in the expan-
sion, as well as in the general conduct of the busi-
ness which has resulted in adding so noticeably to
the population and to the property of Worcester.
In 1870 Mr. Rice visited the iron manufacturing
districts of Sweden, and arranged for the manufac-
ture of special bars for the continuous rolling sys-
tem, acquiring for his company the distinction in
Sweden of being the first consumer in this country
to import rolled iron direct from Swedish manufac-
turers. In 1877 Mr. Rice organized the Worcester
Wire Company, for the general manufacture of wire,
with a plant at South Worcester. This also, be-
came an exceedingly successful company. In 1899
Mr. Rice, as president of the Worcester Wire Com-
pany, which office he took in 1877, and of the Wash-
burn & Moen Manufacturing Company, which office
he took in 1891, was instrumental, in behalf of the
stockholders, in efifecting a sale and transfer of all
the shares of the above mentioned corporations, and
in merging the business afl^airs of both in the .A.mer-
ican Steel & Wire Co. The successful conclusion
of this important negotiation permitted the much de-
sired withdrawal of Mr. Rice from the business
affairs upon which his attention had so long been
concentrated, and his general relinquishment of
business pursuits. Mr. Rice has filled numerous
fiduciary positions of importance, and been con-
nected in matters of consequence with many cor-
porate and other organizations.

Mr. Rice married, January 11. 1866, Frances
Helen, daughter of Thomas L. and Margaret (Bart-
lett') Randlett. of Newburyport, Massachusetts, who
died May 3, 1879. December 15. 1S81, he married
Lucy Draper, daughter of Moores M. and Sophia
A, (Draper) White, of the city of New York. He
has two children: Christine, the. wife of Hon. Rock-
wood Hoar, M. C. ; and Albert White. A. M., Har-
vard. 1905, now a student in the Harvard Law
School.

WHITNEY FAMILY. John Whitney, the emi-
grant ancester of George C. Whitney and the late
Edward Whitney, of Worcester, settled in Water-
town, Massachusetts, in 1635. He was born about

1589. His wife, Elinor, was born about 1599. With
seven children they embarked at Ipswich, England,
in April, 1635. They have a very large posterity in
America, .'\nother John Whitney settled in Con-
necticut and founded an equally large family.

John Whitney bought the si.xteen acres home-
stall of John Strickland at what is now Waltham,
in Watertovvn then, situated on what is now Bel-
mont and East Common streets. Strickland went
to Wethcrsficld, Connecticut, to live. John Whit-
ney w^as admitted a freeman March 3, 1635-6. He
was a constable* in 1641 and a selectman from 1638
to 1655 inclusive. He was town clerk in 1655.
His wife Elinor died May 11, 1659, said to be fifty-
four years old, though other records would make
her about sixty. He married (second), September
29, 1669, Judah Clement. He died June i, 1673,
said to be seventy-four years old. The ancestry of
John Whitney is given with the Whitney Family
elsewhere in this work.

The children of John and Elinor Whitney were :
Mary, baptized in England, May 23, 1619, died
young: John, baptized in England, 1620; Richard,
baptized in England, 1626, married Martha Coldam ;
Nathaniel, baptized in England, 1627 ; Thomas, bap-
tized in England, 1629, married jMary Kedall (Ket-
tcll) ; Jonathan, baptized in England, 1634, married
Lydia Jones ; Joshua, baptized in England, July 5,
163s, married Lydia ; Mary ; and Abi-
gail Tarbell ; Caleb, born in Watertown, July 12,
1640; Benjamin, born in Watertown, June 6, 1643,
married Jane and Mary Poor.

(II) John Whitney, son of John Whitney (i)
was born in England in 1620. He settled in Water-
town, Massachusetts. He married, 1642, Ruth Rey-
nolds, daughter of Robert Reynolds, of Wethers-
field, Watertown and Boston. John Whitney lived
on a three acre lot on the east side of Lexington
street on land granted to E. How, next the home-
stall of the Phillips (q. v.) Family. Whitney was
admitted a freeman May 26, 1647, at the age of
twenty-three He was selectman from 1673 to 1680
inclusive He was a soldier in 1673, and was in
King Philip's war. He died October 12, 1692.

The children of John and Ruth (Reynolds)
Whitney were : John, born September 12, 1643,
married Elizabeth Harris; Ruth, born April 15,
1645, married, June 20. 1664, John Shattuck, son of
the emigrant William Shattuck ; John was drowned
while crossing the Charlestown Ferry, September
14. 1675 ; he was in the Squakeag fight September
4, 167s, and was on his way to Boston to report the
disaster to his company : Nathaniel, born February
I, 1646, married Sarah Hagar; Samuel, born July
26, 1648. married Mary Bgmis ; Mary, born April 29,
1650, died unmarried after 1693 ; Joseph, born Janu-
ary IS, 1651, married Martha Beach; Sarah, born
March 17, 1653, married. October 18, 1681, Daniel
Harrington; she died June 8, 1720: he married
•(second), October 25, 1720. Elizabeth Bridge, widow
of Captain Benjamin Garfield; Elizabeth, born June
o. 1656. married. December 19. 1678, Daniel Warren :
Hannah ; Benjamin, born June 28, 1660. married
Abi.gail Hagar and Elizabeth .

(HI) Benjamin Whitney, son of John Whitney
(2), was born in Watertown, Massachusetts, June
28, 1660. He married. March .30. 1687, Abigail
Hagar, daughter of William and !\Iary (Bemis)

Hagar. He married (second) Elizabeth . He

died in 1736. His children were : Abigail, born
in Watertown, March 3. 1688. married, March 18,
1717. Richard Sawtel ; Benjamin, baptized July 10,

169S. married Rebecca ; Ruth, baptized July

10, 1698, married, July 7, I7I,S, John Bond, bap-
tized November 23, 1690, removed to Worcester

EDWARD WHITN C Y

WORCESTER COUNTY

;fore 1752; John, born June 15, 1694, married

irst) Susan , (second) Bethia Cutter and

third) Mrs. Beriah (Bcmis) (Child) Pierce;
avid, born June 16, 1697; Daniel, born July 17,
'GO, married Dorothy Tainter.

(IV) Ensign David Whitney, son of Benjamin
/'hitney (3), was born in Watertown, Massachus-
ts, June 16, 1697. He married, 1720, Rebecca
illebrown, born in Cambridge, Massachusetts,
ovember 6, 1695, and died 1749. He was one of
le proprietors of land at Paris, Maine, in 1736.
[e died in 1745. He resided in Watertown and
/altham, Massachusetts. Their children were :
ebecca, born November 2, 1721, married, July iS,
545, Thomas Stowell ; David, September 25, 1723.
larried Mary Merriam; Anna, August 8, 1725, mar-
ed, June 4, 1752, Samuel Merriam ; Nathan, born
[arch 12, 1726; Ruth, February 23, 1728, died April
?. 1757; Josiah, November 22, 1730, married Sarah
.avvrence; Jonas, June 25, 1733, married Sarah
/hittemore ; Jonathan, February 10, 1735, died April

1757.

(V) Nathan Whitney, son of David Whitney
4), was born March 12, 1726-7. He married
abitha Merriam. He settled in Westminster,
[assachusetts. He bought of Benjamin Brown,
lecember 26, 1750, a lot of ninety acres of land
1 the southern part of the town ; part of this land

still owned by his descendants and used as the
imnier home of George C. Whitney and the family
f Edward Whitney, of Worcester. He also bought
f Thomas Merriam, his father-in-law, the south-
ist ends of the adjoining lots, 83 and 84, on which
; built his first temporary house. His framed house
hich was built later forms the older part of the
resent structure on the old homestead. He brought
is bride to Westminster in 1752 or 1753. His
ruggle with the soil and misfortune almost dis-
juraged him. In the epidemic of 1756 both their
lildren were taken. Again in 1764 their four chil-
ren died of the epidemic. Out of nine children
nly three lived to maturity.

Nathan Whitney was a persevering and enter-
rising man, and at length he prospered. He he-
mic one of the leading men of the town, and had
1 honorable military record. He was corporal in
aptain Daniel Hoar's company in 1759. From 1771
1 1776 he held a commission from George III as
iptain. He sided with the colonists against the
ing, resigned his commission and took what part
is age and health permitted in the revolution. In
776 he was iti charge of the Hessian prisoners
■om the British armv stationed at his old home-
ead in Westminster. He died Aug:ust 10, 1803,
jed seventy-six. His wife Tabitha died December
5, 1822, aged ninety years. Mr. Whitney was one
f the largest property holders on the Westminster
IX list of 1798.

The children of Nathan and Tabitha (Merriam)
k'hitney w-ere: Tabitha, born June 29, 1753;
fafhan. May 16, 1755. died August 28. 1756;
abitha, July 6, 1757, died January 27, 1764; Nathan,
.pril 9, 1760, died July 2. 1764; Jonathan, May 14,
"61, died June 21, 1764: Ruth. April 17, 1763, died
uly 7. 1764: Nathan, July I. 1765; David, August
>,• 1767; John, October 13, 1769.

(VI) John Whitney, son of Captain Nathan
^''hitney (5), was born in Westminster, Massa-
lusetts. He married Elizabeth Stearns, daughter
E Josiah and Abigail (Emerson) Stearns. December
[, 1793. He settled on the first lot bought by his
ither. No. go. and built the house now in use as

summer home by the Whitney family of Wor-
sster. He died at the early age of thirty-two years,
une 25. 1802. His widow married James Walker,

who died without issue. She married (third) Luke
Warren, of Hibbardston, by whom she had four
children. She died October 30, 1838, aged sixty-
eight years. The children of John and Elizabeth
(Stearns) Whitney were: John, born January 15,
179s. died February 22, 1796; John, February 20,
1797; Betsy, May 3, 1799, married April 30, 1829,
Thomas Merriam, and resided at Westminster; had
three children; died July 15, 1888.

(VII) John Whitney, son of John Whitney (6),
was born in Westminster, Massachusetts. He suc-
ceeded to his father's estate and lived upon it all
his life. He married Lydia Allen, daughter of
Deacon Ephraim Allen, of Hubbardston (published
September 30), 1821. They had a family of eight
children, all of whom were of excellent character
and reputation. He was greatly interested in the
education of his children, fitted up a school room in
his house, and maintained a private school, the ad-
vantages of which were shared by many children
besides his own. He became a Baptist in middle
life and joined the church. Later he was chosen
deacon. In 1843-4 typhoid fever struck down all
the members of the household. The father, mother
and one child died. The date of his death was
March 15, 1S44, aged forty-seven; of his wife De-
cember 19, 1843, aged forty-one.

Their children were: J. Emerson, born Septem-
ber 13, 1822, married twice, resided at Grafton,
Massachusetts ; Sumner A., June 27, 1824, married
Lura Clarke, had three children ; he died August
29, 1861 ; Ephraim, July 6, 1826, died June 20, 1850;
Mary, October 23, 1829, married Charles M. Tinley,
had three daughters; she died February 25, 1859;
Harriet, May 29, 1832, married twice, resided in
Worcester and Alinnesota ; had two children ; Ed-
ward, August 12, 1834; F'rancis S., March 25, 1840,
died January 16, 1844; George Clarkson, September
19, 1842.

(VIII) Edward Whitney, son of John Whitney
(7), was born on the old Whitney homestead in
Westminster, Massachusetts, August 12, 1834. He
obtained his elementary education in the public
schools of his native town. In 1852, at the age of
eighteen, he went to New York to strike out in
business for himself. There he remained for four
years, holding a position of trust in the Metropoli-
tan Bank. In 1856 he came to Worcester, joining
his elder brother, Sumner A. Whitney, in the station-
ery business which was carried on in the Butman
block for a few years. His brother died in 1861
and he continued the business alone. He removed
soon after to the Bowen block at the corner of Main
and Mechanic streets, where he remained for about
twenty years. Early in the eighties he removed to
the present location of the business at 112 Front
street. Shortly before his death Mr. Whitney ad-
mitted to partnership his two sons, Edward Cutting
Whitney and Harry Sumner Whitney, and they
have succeeded to the business which is carried on
under the 'same name. The firm does a large whole-
sale trade in paper and stationery, blank books,
manila paper and paper bags, all over New England.
Mr. Whitney occupied a high position in the business
community. His sterling character was the founda-
tion of the great business success of his business.

During the last few years of his life he turned
his business cares over to his sons and spent some
time in foreign travel, visiting various sections of
.•\mcrica, Europe and the Holy Land, in which he
took especial interest. He was an active and efiicient
worker in church and Sunday school. 'When he
first came to Worcester he joined the Union Con-
gregational Church and was superintendent of its
Snndav school for more than ten years. He was

WORCESTER COUNTY

also deacon for many years. About 1892 he trans-
ferred his membership to the Plymouth Congre-
gational Church. He was president of the Wor-
cester Young Men's Christian Association for two
years. He was for several years chairman of the
executive committee of the Young Men's Christian
Association of Massachusetts. He was president of
the Worcester Congregational Club for two years.
He was a .trustee of the Home for Aged Men. Few
men have done more for the religious interests of
the city than Mr. Whitney. He never cared for
politics to any extent and never considered public
office. It has been said of him that he was "inter-
ested in whatever was conducive to human wel-
fare, and he did much to promote the better life
of his adopted city and to lift the world to a higher
level." Mr. Whitney died February 5, 1897. He
married, November 26, 1857, Susan Louise Cutting,
born August 29, 1838, died January i, 1880. He
married (second), October 27, 1886, Emma Louise
Rice, who survives him; she is the daughter of
William Rice. The children of Edward and Susan
Louise (Cutting) Whitney were: Lillie Marie,
born in Worcester, June 19, 1867, died August 24,
1868; Edward Cutting, borp July 19, 1869; Harry
Sumner, born June i, 1873', married Alice Wright
Gibson, of Germantown, Philadelphia, daughter of
Alfred C. Gibson, of Germantown, they have one
daughter, Louise, born March 30, 1905.

GROUT FAISHLY. Of English descent, we find
the first representative in this country to be Captain
John Grout (I), of Watertown and Sudbury,
Massachusetts. He came from England with his
gun in his hand and first settled at Watertown.
His date of settlement was about 1640, and in 1662
he was granted leave to practice as a "Chirurgeon."
A few years later it is found that he moved to Sud-
bury, where for thirty years he served as selectman.
He acquired the title of Captain, and was given
charge of defending the settlements at Sudbury.
May 14, 1648, he testified that, about 1642, Tacomus,
an Indian Sagamore, or chief man among the In-
dians at Chapnacunco, came to Boston with his sons
and received sundry gifts and favors from Governor
John Winthrop. In return he proposed to give
Winthrop some land up in his country (Nipmug).
John Grout, with others, went to take possession
of the land. His eldest son kneeled down on the
ground, and Tacomus made his mark to the deed
on his son's back ; then the father signed it on his
father's back, and so one, with all the other sons,
the same way, thus abandoning all right of succes-
sion to the land. John Grout was recognized as a
man of great courage and much wisdom. For
forty years he was in charge of the train bands, or
militia of Sudbury. He was twice married. Hi,s
second wife was Sarah Busby, widow of Captain
Thomas Cakebread. By his first wife Mary he had
children : John, born 1641 ; Sarah. 1643 ; Joseph,
1649; Abigail, 1655: Jonathan, 1658; Mary, 1661 ;
Susannah, 1664 ; and Elizabeth.

(II) Jonathan Grout, born 1658, married Abi-
gail Dix, sister of John Dix, grandfather of Dr.
Elijah, of Worcester and Dixmont, Maine. Their
children: i. Jonathan, born February 9, 1702. 2.
Josiah, born 1703. 3. John, born 1704. 4. Abigail,
born r7o8. 5. Sarah, born 1711. 6. Patience, born
in 1714. 7. Peter, born 1715.

(III) Jonathan Grout, son of Jonathan (2),
born February 9, 1702, married Hannah Hurd, June
6, 1743, and purchased the farm referred to and re-
moved from Sudbury to Worcester with his wife
and one child in 1744. He died 1748, leaving his
widow with three children : i. Jonathan, born June

2, 1744. 2. Silence, born November 8, 1745. mar-
ried Josiah Gates, February 20, 1771. 3. Piiscilla,
born August 13, 1747.

(IV) Captain Jonathan Grout, son of Jonathan
(3), born June 2, 1744, when sixteen years of age
returned to Worcester, assuming charge of his
father's estate, left him by his father. He rendered
valuable service during the revolutionary war. He
married, March 2, 1769, Anna Harrington, who died
August 25, 1827. He died October 17, 1828, leav-
ing children: i. Jonathan, born February 14, 1772.
2. Anna, born September 16, 1774. 3. Francis, born
October 30, 1777. 4, Hannah, born May 7, 17S1.

(V) Captain Francis Grout, second son of Cap-
tain Jonathan Grout (4), born October 30, 1777,
remained on the old homestead and became a farmer.
True to the loyalty of the Grout family, in early
life he enrolled in the Massachusetts militia, April
20, 1804, became sergeant of a company in First
Regiment ; March, 1809, was made ensign, and a
year later lieutenant, and promoted to captain in
1811. He married Aumah Davis, of Templeton,
and their children were : Julia Aumah, Sarah,
Jonathan Davis. Captain Francis Grout died in
Worcester. October 31, 1864, aged eighty-seven
years. His youngest child and only son was :

(VI) Jonathan Davis Grout, who succeeded to
the old homestead, and married Adeline S. Wash-
burn, 1850, and died, leaving two sons: i. Francis,
born 1851. 2. Charles Henry, born 1854. The latter
became a popular music teacher of Worcester, where
he still resides. Francis W. inherited the home farm.
He was selected a member of the city government,
serving as Alderman in 1891-92-93-94.

Jonathan Grout ("Master"), son of Jonathan
(4), born 1772, after gaining the advantages of the
VVorcester schools, entered Leicester Academy and
there fitted himself for a teacher. Success as a
teacher gave him the title far and near of "Master"
Grout. He mastered the book-binding trade as well,
and became an extensive dealer in books and sta-
tionery in Millbury. He also became a noted author
of school text-books, including "The Pupil's Guide
to Practical Arithmetic," published in 1802, the first
work on mathematics published in this country.
His books had a wide sale, as his work was a great
improvement over the old hard-written "lessons"
and rules on mathematics, which, together with his
book, are now among the antiquarian relics of the
Worcester Society of Antiquity. It is said of him
that "he was a Puritan through and through, except
their faults." He married Sally De Wolfe, of
Lyme, Connecticut, and had children : i. Edwin,
born August 4, 1812. 2. Jonathan, born September
24. 1815. 3. Sarah Ann, born February 13. 1820.

(VI) Jonathan Grout, son of Jonathan (s),
born September 24, 1815, became a popular book
seller and owned Grout's block, coming to Wor-
cester from his native town, Millbury, in :84i. He
first started in a small way. After twelve years
of remarkable business success, in 1852 he sold his
business to John Keith. Other changes occurred in
the business, he having it again, but in 1876 it was
sold to Putnam & Davis. Mr. Grout built several
fine business houses in Worcester and was a well-
to-do man. He died April 4, 1882. His grandfather
settled in 1744 upon the Grout estate on Vernon
street. Worcester, which has remained in one branch
of the family ever since. The subject of this notice
was the fifth of the same name (Jonathan) in direct
line of succession from the progenitor in this coun-
try, Captain John Grout of Watertown, 1640. Jona-
than Jr. was interested in the making of copying
presses, perforated paper, etc.. and indirectly through
pecuniary investment in the enterprise of Dr. Rus-

■■)(.[

; .lA

WORCESTER COUNTY

1 L. Hawes, who invented Uic machines for and
□diiced the first envelopes in the world, which
:re pirt upon the market by Mr. Grout. He was
man of great business tact, energy and sagacity,
icl< to decide and act. His capacity for taking

large transactions was wonderful. It was in
JO that he went in company with L. H. Bigelow
d built another business block. He found time
)m out all his business concerns to devote some
ppy hours in the cultivating of his finer instincts.
; loved art and good pure literature. He loved
lure and was an admirer of birds, trees and
wers in their state of freedom. .Mso, in horticul-
e and floriculture he took great delight. He was
Whig and Republican in politics, but no office
■ker. He married Mary J. Smith, by whom he
1 children: i. Charles Edwin, died in infancy.
Ellen Manderville, married George H. Gould.

D., who died May 8, 1899, and she then married
V. William S. Smith. 3. John William, born
y 25, 1843. 4. Mary Elizabeth, married Hiram

.'\dams.

(VH) Lieutenant John W. Grout, only son of
lalhan Cjrout (6), born July 25, 1843. was barely

enough to claim a man's standing when he fell
i-oluntary sacrifice on the altar of his country,
the civil war period. He was fine and manly in

features, and with elastic vigor, and the "criin-
I glow of health" he seemed every inch a soldier,
i was a rare combination of qualities. He was an
omplifhed pianist, was also proficient in nialhe-
tics, and had an art for drawing, to which he
led some knowledge of the French language and

ancient classics. In early youth he exhibited
ns of military genius. A treasured specimen is
vhittled dagger with a Union shield on it. now
ibly prized. He entered the military department
Caleb B. Metcalf's Highland school at Worcester
I became an expert in tactics. This peculiarly
"d him, when the Rebellion opened up, for active,
fnl service. Upon the organization of the Fif-
ith Massachusetts Regiment he was welcomed
Company D as its second lieutenant, and he
led the company imtil it went to the front. True
his retiring nature he chose some secluded spot
which to drill his men.

The story of Leesburg (Balls Bluff), October
1861, is familiar to many, and is a matter of war
artment record, but we wish here to make men-
1 of the fact enacted by him of whom we write.
; Fifteenth Massachusetts Regiment was in the
kest of the fight and suft'ered great loss. Lieu-
tnt Grout was found adecptate to his duties. His
Iness and self-possession astonished all of his
1. _ In the terrific showers of leaden hail, Provi-
ce shielded him from harm. Upon the foe, who
lid bayonet a wounded soldier, he executed sum-
■y wrath. Every blow of his own sword told
hand-to-hand contest. He declared he w-ould
er surrender alive. Compelled to retreat, his
Iness was still maintained. Driven to the bank
the river, he still forgot himself, in the service
ig rendered to make good the escape of his
imand. With inadequate means for transporta-

he crossed the stream with the wounded men

returned : again the frail boat was filled to its
icity and he remained upon the shore, but he

risked too much for his own safety. The re-
nder were now reduced to the last extremity,

when the young lieutenant went up to his
;rior, with the calm but heroic enquiry, "Is
e anything more I can do?" the reply of Colonel
ens was, "Nothing but take care of yourself."
I when the Colonel cried to his brave men, "I
' never surrender !" and with benediction, "God
4

be with you all," gave the final order," Every man
lor himself," Lieutenant Grout had done his duty,
and nobly justified the highest expectations of his
admirers, .\fter waiting for the first faint glimpse
of the rising moon, he threw his incumbrances be-
yond recovery, and with a few companions plunged
into the stream, but before he could reach the oppo-
site shore, the fatal ball of the barbarous assassin
left him only time and strength to exclaim "Tell
Company D that I should have escaped, but I am
sliot." He was lost in the dark rolling waters of
the Potomac, but after some time the river yielded
up the treasure, and under the flag of his heroic
love he was borne from the paternal mansion "to
the house appointed for all living." We are indebted
lor the facts here given to a memorial written by
Rev, E. Cutler, soon after the gallant soldier was
killed, and it is a priceless gem among the family
possessions, and they have thus had it inserted in
this volume to further perpetuate the pathetic story
of one who gave up his young life to save his com-
rades—and his country as well.

This sketch of the Grout family would be in-
complete without a few lines to pla'ce upon record
some of the accomplishments of a sister of this
deceased hero, Lieutenant John William Grout. ■
Ellen Mandeville Grout was born in the town of
Princeton, Massachusetts, at the foot of Mount
Wachusett, in the year 1840. Her father .soon re-
moved from Princeton, and while prosecuting suc-
cessful business enterprises in Worcester, the daugh-
ter attended the graded schools there, and also
attended the Oread Collegiate Institute, that famous
school founded by Hon. Eli Thayer for the educa-
tion of girls. In October, 1862, she was married
to Rev. George H. Gould, who two years later w-as
settled as pastoi' over the old Center Church in
Hartford, Connecticut. About the year 1870 Dr.
Gould returned to Worcester, Massachusetts, and
for several years was pastor of Piedmont Church.
He was a very popular and gifted preacher and dis-
tinguished for his brilliant oratory. He died May
8, 1899, and his widow married for her second hus-
band the Rev. William S. Smith, of Auburndale.
Mrs. Smith is greatly interested in the subject of
conchology, and is the possessor of a large and valu-
able collection of shells, many of them rare and
very beautiful. She has given much time to the
study of conchology, and has lectured in Boston,
Worcester and other places on that subject, illus-
trating her addresses with selections from her stock
of beautiful shells, also with fine water-color de-
signs. She presents her subject not so much in a
scientific as in a popular way, quoting from litera-
ture, history and geology. She has published a
volume of Dr. Gould's sermons, wdiich is entitled:
"In what Life Consists, and Other Sermons," and
has written articles for the papers and magazines.
Mrs. Smith has traveled extensively in this country
and in Europe.

WELLINGTON EVARTS PARKHURST.
The family of which Wellington E. Parkhurst, who
was born January 19, 1835, in Framingham, Massa-
chusetts, is a member, is of ancient English origin,
the name appearing as early as A. D. 1000. The
signification of the name is seen in its construction,
"Park" meaning a public ground, and "Hurst" a
grove or wood. The history of the Isle of Wight
mentions a royal park called "Parkhurst Forest."
Two centuries ago a colony of Parkhursts migrated
from Parkhurst, on that island, to Surrey county,
in England, from which branch of the family the
Americans of this name are supposed to have de-
scended. Bishop Parkhurst, of Norwich, England,
who died h\ 1574, is supposed to have been the

WORCESTER COUNTY

grandfather of the groat-grandfather of George
Parkhurst. the first settler in America.

The descent of the American families from the
George, mentioned above, was as toUows: 1.
George living in Watcrtown, Massachusetts, in
r643 il. Geo?ge, Jr., bom in .6.8, lived in \Vater-
tovvm III. John, born in 1644. also resided m
Watcrtown. IV. John. Jr.. deacon, born in 1671,
lived in Weston. V. Josiah born in 706 also re-
sided ... Weston. VI. Jos.ah, Jr., born m 736. fir-
settled i.i Weston, and in '762. removed to Farn-
ingham. bnilding a house near Ci.tler Mills, ater
a part of the town of Ashland. VII. Ephrani , born
in Framingha.n, January .6, .765. %;^^"''^'; ']},f_ f
the homesTead. January 20, .850. VIII. Char e. R
W.. of whom later. IX. Wellit-.^aon Evarts, ot

"''' Chade"' F W. Parkhnrst (father) was born
March ; 1808. in Framingham, Massachusetts a
^on of Ephraim Parkhurst. a farmer, also the teacher
of district schools for twenty-one successive w.n-
ters. Charles F. W. was educated '" th^gtowii
schools and at Framingham Academy. In 1853 he
.-emoved to Clinton. Massachusetts, and for tweiity--
;,nT Kars was paymaster of the Clinton W.re-C o h
Co,iipany. also for a part of the tune served as clerk
at Parker's Machine Works. He served as first
town clerk of Ashland. Massachusetts, also several
years as a member of the school committee a justice
of the peace, chorister of the village choir, and
teacher in penmanship. During his residence in
Clint...., he also served as a meiiiber of the school
committee board, a portion of which time he acted
as chairman. He was a member of the Congrega-
tional church, and served several years as deacon
Originally he was an Abolitionist m poht.cs, but
later became a Republican. On November 8, 1832,
Mr Parkhurst married Mary Goodale, born in
Marlboro. Massachusetts. November 18, 1807, and
prior to her marriage was a school teacher. Mr
Parkhurst died February 9, 1878; h.s w.fe passed
awav March 15, 1887.

Wellington Evarts Parkhurst attended the public
schools and Framingha.n Academy. I.i May, .853,
at the age of eighteen, he went to Cl.nton, taking
a position in the office of the Bigelow Carpet Com-
panv. Later he was paymaster at the Lancaster
Quilt Company's mill, and afterwards assistant
treasurer of the Clinton Savings Bank. He held
the office of town clerk six years, and for fifteen
vears was a member of the school board: he also
has filled the office of town treasurer, library direc-
tor and assessor, and for four years was the super-
intendent of the Congregational Sunday school. He
represented the Worcester thirteenth district tour
years in the legislature, in the sessions of 1800 Oi-
02 and '93, serving as house chairman of the ]vm:
committee on education, of public char.table .nsti-
tutions also as house chairman of the state legis-
lative delegation to the Chicago World's Fair visit-
ing in the "Massachusetts House," June 17- l893.

For a time during the civil war. Mr. Parkhurst
filled the position of city editor of the Worcester
Daily Sfy and was subsequently promoted to take
the chief' editorial chair, but declined on account of
ill health In 1865 he assumed the editorial manage-
ment of the Clinton IVeeklv Courant. wh.ch posi-
tion he still fills, after a continuous service of about
forty-one vears. In 1803 he also became the editor
of the Clinton Daih Item, having served to the
present date, a period of about thirteen years. On
the occasion of a vacancy on the board of trustees
of the State Sanitarium for Consumptives, at Rut-
land. Massachusetts. Governor Wolcott. in 1897, ap-
pointed him to the position, which he_ st.U holds

by a reappointment in 1902. At the semi-centeiinial
of the incorporation of the town of Clinton, in ujoo,
he officiated as chairman of the reception coinmittee,
and as chairman on the occasion of the public exer-
cises in the town hall. In 1904 he was elected by
the Republican convention of the fourth Massa-
chusetts district a delegate to the national conven-
tion held in Chicago. Mr. Parkhurst is a member
of the Masonic Order, lodge, chapter and command-
ery A member of the Odd Fellows Order. A
member of the Massachusetts Press Association, of
which he was one of the original members. A
member of Pomona and Lancaster Granges. A
member of Clinton Historical Society, of wh.ch he
was one of the organizers and for ten years the
treasurer. A .iiember of the Clinton board of trade.
On September 13, 1866, Mr. Parkhurst married
Miss Hattie F. Fairbank, of West Boylston, who
died December 13. 1885. On August 9, 1887, Mr.
Parkhurst n.arried Miss Georgiana B. Warren, a
daughter of George and Pa.nelia (Eames) Warren,
of Framingham. Massachusetts. Mr. Parkhurst has
one sister. Miss Helen Adelaide, for many years
a teacher of music and of day schools, also two
brothers: Rev. Charles H. Parkhurst, D. D., for
the past twenty-five years pastor of the Madison
Square Presbyterian Church of New York city;
and Professor Howard E. Parkhurst, organist at
the same church, also a teacher of music, a resident
of Englewood, New Jersey.

GENERAL JOSIAH PICKETT. The record
of Worcester is no exception to that of other cities
in this great Republic, but the reader has only to
glance at the long roll of names of patriotic men
who, during those trving days of the civil war, re-
sponded to the call of President Lincoln and went
forth from this city to strengthen the hands of the
government and help to preserve the Union, to
in some measure appreciate the service her c.t.zen
soldiery rendered the country from the spring of
l86i to the close of the war. A.iiong those names
representing that honored list appears that of Gen-
eral Josiah Pickett, who was born at Beverly. Massa-
chusetts, November 21. 1822. and after attend.ng
the coiumon schools of his native town was appren-
ticed to learn a mechanical trade, which he in rea-
sonable time acquired and in the prosecution of
which for a number of years he found remunera-
tive employment. The prevailing gold excitement
induced him in 1852 to make a trip to Califoni.a.
via the Lake Nicaragua route, where after a so-
journ of nearly three years, and in the meantime
a satisfactory trial at mining, he returned to Mas.vi-
chusetts, and in the early spring of l8sj found a
home in the citv of Worcester.

His military experience began in July, 1840. as
a member of 'Co.npanv F. Sixth Infantry Ma^^^a-
chusetts \'olunteer Militia, and with.n three years
w^a- advanced to a lieutenancy. Soon after h.s
arrival in Worcester he beca.ne a member of the
city guards, and in 1859 was elected a lieutenant of
the company. When the call for troops came in
April, 1861 . he was a.nong the first to offer his
services and to encourage others to do likew.se, and
as first lieutenant he left Worcester April 20, with
his co.npanv. then assigned to the Third Battalion
of Rifles Major Charles Devens. Jr.. commanding
Thi- liattalion reported at Annapolis, then proceeded
to Fort McHenry, Maryland, where Lieutenant
Pickett rendered valuable service during a three
months' campaign. Returning to Worcester in Au-
gust he became activelv interested in organizing
the Twenty-fifth Massachusetts Infantry, receiving
a com.nission as captain in September. This regi-i

^^^<XJ^'CV&^^^

WORCESTER COUNTY

t'lit left Worcester. October 29. 1861, and was as-
giied to General Buniside's forces for service in
ortli Carolina, sailing from Annapolis, Maryland,
niiiary 9, 1862, and after a perilous experience at
a reached the scene of the battle of Roanoke Is-
nd in season to receive their baptismal fire on that
ghth day of February, Captain Pickett being
nong the first to effect a landing, and was highly
immended for gallantry in this engagement.

The battle and capture of Newberne followed.
1 March 14, and on the 20th he was promoteil

be major, in which capacity he commanded the
giment during the Tarboro and Goldsboro c.xpc-
tion. and. upon the resignation of Colonel Upton.
1 October 29. received a commission as colonel
the regiment. Colonel Pickett gave abundant
idence of his courage and capability as an otticer
id soldier. He brought his regiment to a high
andard of discipline, rendering conspicuous scr-
ee in all the subsequent battles and military opera-
Mis in North Carolina, connnanding also, with
2[nal ability, the forces and defences at Plymouth,
id of the sub-military district of the Pamlico, at
'ashington. North Carolina, receiving honorable
ention for .such services upon his departure- for
irginia to rejoin his regiment in December, 186,^.

Early in 1864 the Twenty-fifth Regiment was
signed to Heckman's brigade of the Eighleenth
rmy Corps, for service in the Army of the James,
id, with his brave and loyal veterans in a new-
Id of operations. Colonel Pickett won further dis-
iction in the severe engagements that followed,
itably his gallant repulse of the charging Con-
derate lines at the battle of Arrowfield Church.
ay 9. .\gain. in the battle of Drury's BlufT, May
, at the critical moment in tlie fight, the intrepid
d decisive action of Colonel Pickett saved the
nion right from irretrievable disaster. In this in-
ince the First Brigade was being severely pressed

the enemy. General Heckman. Colonel Lee. with
iptain Belger and a portion of his battery had
lien into the hands of the enemy and were prison-
5. The brigade was in a most critical and serious
ght, when the command fell to Colonel Pickett,
lose self possession served him at this moment

it had on former occasions. He quickly rallied
lat was left of the brigade, formed a new line of
ttle. and succeeded in holding the enemy in check.
;reby protecting the base of supplies at Bermuda
.indred from possible capture.

June 3. 1864. at the battle of Cold Harbor. Vir-
lia. in a most heroic charge upon the enemy's
>rks. the Twenty-fifth losing tw'o hundred and
icteen out of three hundred and two men taken
action. Colonel Pickett w-as severely .vounded
lile leading his brave men through that "Valley

death." and not since the famous charge of the
i.gadc at Balaklava, immortalized in story and in
iig. has greater heroism been displayed. So says
; Confederate General Bowles in his official re-
rt of the liattle. For his distinguished gallantry
on this and previous occasions during the war.

received a commission as brevet brigadier-gen-
d to date from June .3. 1.864, the recommendation
■ this commission being signed by Brevet-Major-
ncral George J. Stannard. and endorsed by Major
ncral A. E. Burnside, Major General John G.
ster, U. S. A., and Brevet Brigadier General A.

R. Sprague, U. S. V Disabled from further
;ive service in consequence of his wound, and
;ply regretting his inability to continue with his
ivc comrades until the final victory, he reluctantly
ired after a service of nearly four years, on Janu-
.• 10. 186.;. having won the respect and confidence
t onlv of his entire command, liut that of his

su])erior officers as well. It is not the purpose of
this skelcli to present to the reader incidents as-
sociated with all of the various engagements during
the civil war in which General Pickett took part,
but merely to mention those in which his conduct
as a soldier and military tactician called for the
special coimnendalion from his associates in arms
and from others knowing the facts and competent
to pass judgment upon his patriotic and praise-
worthy service.

.After returning to his home in Worcester, and
sutTering severely for nearly a year from the wound
ni bis iiip. the ball was finally extracted, and in
October, 1865, General Pickett accepted a position
in the Boston Custom House. Within a year
( iiaim-ly. in September. 1866) he received the ap-
pointment as i)ostmaster of Worcester, a compli-
ment most satisfactory to her citizens. With his
characteristic promptness and foresight for the ac-
commodation of the public, he sought new and more
commodious quarters, and the postoffice was re-
moved from the old Exchange building to Pearl
street, and for twenty years he was the efficient
and progressive postmaster of Worcester. All re-
forms that seemed to him necessary for the best
interests of the service he adopted, and the capacity
(it the office grew with public demand, and the
present efficient postmaster of Worcester (Mr.
Hunt) was educated from a boy of sixteen in the
Worcester postoffice while it was under the man-
agement of the subject of this sketch. In fact, it
may be said that other valualile assistants in that
department were also early brought under the same
care and training, and still continue in service. In
i88g he was apiiointed by Governor Ames a mem-
ber of the State Armory Commission. This choice
was made by the governor at a time when it was
nroposed to erect at the expense of the state of
Massachusetts a number of buildings to be used as
beidriuarters for the militia of the state, and the
stately structures, with their convenient appoint-
ments, that may be .seen in Worcester, Boston, Fall
River. Lowell. Springfield and other cities within
the state, attest the .good judgment and wisdom of
that commission of which General Pickett is still
(igo?) a member, and for the service on which
hoard he possesses special nualifications. To the
military associations that originated through ser-
vice performed in behalf of the country. General
Pickett has given most cordial support. While no
attemnt is made to mention the list it was noted
that he is a charter member of the Massachusetts
Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal
Lesion,: a member of the Grand .■\rmy of the Re-
iniblic: president of the Twenty-fifth Massachusetts
\'etcran Regiment .\ssoeiation : and has been treas-
urer, of Post 10, Relief Fund from its organiza-
tion. In 1894 Hon. Henry A. Marsh, mayor of
Worcester, selected him to serve as a member of
the I.iccn-^e Commission, and in the discharge of
tlie perplexing duties devolving upon that board
his integrity has never been nuestioned.

Since the day of General Josiah Pickett's retire-
ment from the army, the citizens of Worcester have
sought to do him honor in various ways. It was
the accepted belief that no street parade of any
considerable magnitude, either of civic or military
nature, could be hnndled in the streets of Worcester
withoul General Pickett as chief marshal in com-
mand, and it is but fair to say that from the mili-
tary procession Julv 4. 1865. when the war regi-
ments returned and were received by the citizens
of Worcester, together with the many subsequent
military and civic processions, under his direction
as chief marshal, including the ceremony of laying

WORCESTER COUNTY

the corner .-lone of the new city liall, September 12,
1S96, there was no confusion in the line, all moving
on time with promptness and military precision.

But the latest, perhaps the most deservmg and
lasting conrplimen't paid this quiet, thoughtful, mod-
est, loyal citizen and soldier, was the placmg of his
portrait upon the walls of Mechanical Hall, that
famous forum of Worcester, the walls of which
have echoed and re-echoed during the past half
century as works of patriotism fell from the lips
of Andrews, Philips, Sumner, Bullock, Devens,
Hoar, and others. And upon those walls may be
-cen as companion pictures, portraits of Washing-
ton, ' Lincoln, Garfield, Andrews, General Ward,
Sergeant Tom Plunkett and many others. The pre-
sentation speech was made October 30, 1902, by
General -V. B. R. Sprague, a comrade thoroughly
familiar with the military life of General Pickett,
and the portrait was received by ex-Alderman Ed-
ward M. Woodward, president of the Worcester
County .Mechanics Association. Both addresses were
of high order, and in eloquent language expressed
the high estimation in which the subject of this
sketch is held by both his comrades and fellow citi-
zens— the man who, from the impulse of the hour,
performed his duty' as he saw it, without thought
of reward, and on account of such service was
promoted from lieutenant to a brevet-brigadicr-
general is certainly worty of respect and special
mention. The ancestral line of General Pickett has
been traced to Nicholas Pickett, who was born about
1649, and an inhabitant of Marblehead. Massa-
chusetts, as early as 1670, then a young man about
twenty-one vears of age. He married a daughter
of John Northey. Of his connection with other
families of the same name, or from whence he came
to Mas.sachusetts, the records are silent. It is be-
lieved that by occupation he was a mariner. He
was living in 1692. He had children: Henry, born
about 1676; Nicholas, bom about 1678. died 1825:
John, born about 16S0, died May, 1763: Dorothy,
born about 1682. married Thomas Stevens.

(H) John Pickett, born about 1680, died May.
1763. was a fisherman, and later a shoreman, resi-
dence Marblehead. February 16, 1727, he bought
for 250 pounds a tract of land near the southerly
end of the town, of Peter Levally. He married,
January 17, 1704, Elizabeth Kelley, a daughter of
John and Grace Kelley. Elizabeth died 1720. July
22, 1737. he bought the mansion house once the
homestead of his deceased father-in-law. John Kel-
ley. John Pickett married (second). October 31.
1721, Elizabeth Savory. By his will dated .^pril
I. 1763, we learn that he was owner of the schooner
called" the Pelican, and one-half of the sloop called
the Lizard in which his son John carried on the
coasting business. The will also mentions a silver
tankard. Children were: John, baptized February
27, 1708-0: Grace, baptized July 17, 1709, died
young: William, baptized July 27. 1712. died Decem-
ber, 1761 : Joseph, baptized October 10. 1714, died
April II, 177.=;; Elizabeth, baptized July 27, 1717.
died young: Thomas, baptized July 17, 1719-20, died
about I7=;3: Sylvester, baptized March 25, 1722, died
young; Elizabeth, baptized May 17, 1724, married
Thomas Swan, Jr., living 1763: Nicholas, baptized
November 6. 1726, died before 1762.

(HI) Thomas Pickett was a mariner, and was
lost at sea about 1753. He married Sarah, daughter
of Richard Trevett. Jr.. and wife whose maiden
name wa- Elizabeth Ingalls. She died 1803. Her
great-grandfather. Henry Trevett. is reported as the
earliest resident of Marblehead bearing that family
name. Their children: Sarah, baptized .August 23.
1743. died young: Sarah, bantized July 2, 1749. died
unmarried: Thomas, born June 27. 1750, died July

10, 1819; Elizabeth, baptized July i, 1753, died prior
to 1763.

(IV) Thomas Pickett, born June 27, 1750. He
removed to Beverly about 1775. where he died July
10, 1819. He was by occupation a sailmaker and
married Miriam, daughter of Samuel and Mary
Striker. April 18, 1775. She died in Beverly, August
23, 1839. March 8. 1788, he purchased a house and
lot of" William Abbott, and other real estate trans-
actions were recorded in his name later. Their
children were all born in Beverly, but baptized in
the old Second Church in Marblehead, the parents
taking them over the river in a small boat, there
being no bridge over which to cross the harbor at
ihat time. Their children were: Thomas, born
December 10, 1775, died July 4, 1817; Miriam, born
May 22, 1777, died October 17, 1818; married Moses
Howard. Martha Trevett, born January 25, 1779,
(lied February 14, 1811; married Nehemiah Roundy ;
Richard, born November 8, 1780, died December
20. 1864; John, born July 29, 1782, died June 13,
1800: Sarah, born June 22, 1784, died February 24,
1809; Samuel Striker, born March 8, 1786, died
November 24, 1854; Margaret, born May 31, 1788,
was the second wife of Nehemiah Roundy; Charles,
born .-Xpril 15, 1790, died August 8, 1812; Hannah,
born July 9. 1792. died December 5, 1818, married
.•\mos Stickney ; Josiah, born February 19, 1795,
(lied February II, i860; Polly, born March 6, 1797.

(V) Josiah Pickett, born in Beverly, February
19. 1/95- clied February 11. i860: married, February
10. 1822. Mary, daughter of John and Mary (Batch-
elder) Creesy. She was born September 12, 1799,
and died in 1879. He served in the L^nited States
navy, war of 1812, was taken prisoner and confined
in Dartmoor prison, England. After returning
home was for some years a seafaring man, but
finally adopted .his former occupation — that of sail-
making. Children: Josiah, born November 21,
1822 ; John William, born December 30. 1824, sboe-
ipaker ; married Susan H. Tucker ; Charles, born
December 12. 1826, was a mason in Salem, and re-
sided in Beverly; Mary Howard, born February 3,
1S20. died September 25, 1833; Sarah Frances, born
Dccemlicr 25, 1830, married Dewing Southwick;
Mary Elizabeth, born November 13, 1832, married
Samutl Bell; Martha, born November 26, 1834,
married James H. Kendall ; George Augustus, born
September 10, 1836. married Agnes G. !\Iunsey;
Hcpzibah .-Vnn. born June 28, 1843. married (first)
Charles L. Woodbury; (second) Charles Friend.

(Vn Josiah Pickett, born in Beverly, Novem-
ber 21. 1822. at the age of thirteen years left his
home to carve out his own success in life. He mar-
ried, December 2. 1847, Elizabeth, daughter of Jacob
and Anna Burnham, born March 4, 1827. Since
March, 1855. the family home has been in Worcester,
Massachusetts. (See sketch). Their children;
Frank Lewis, born January 25. 1849. died Novem-
ber g, 1852 ; William A., born October 12, 1857.

The foregoing closes the ancestral record of this
branch of the Pickett family to date of July, 1905.
There was a John Pickett, who landed at Salem,
with Governor Endicott's company, in 1628, who
removed to New London, Connecticut, and subse-
quently married Ruth, daughter of Jonathan
Brewster, and granddaughter of Elder William
Brewster, of Mayflower celebrity. Their descen-
dants are still living in that section of the state.
The family name also appears among the earliest
legislative, official and historical records of Virginia
ami North Carolina, and among the conspicuous
descendants of more recent date is the Confederate
general, (jeorge E. Pickett, of Gettysburg fame, irt
the civil war. Descendants of these early settlers
are found in many of the southern states.

WORCESTER COUNTY

WILLIAM SEDLEY DOGGETT. Thomas
)oggett (i), the immigrant ancestor of William
edley Dogget. of Clinton. Massachusetts, was
orn in England in 1607. His name i-' spelled also
logged. Doged and Daggett and many of his de-
:endants have adopted the latter form of the name,
le sailed for New England in May. 173", from
armonth in the "Mary Ann," William Goose,
lastcr. He was registered as servant to Thomas
llivcr of Norwich, England, for some imftnown
;ason, perhaps for lack of funds. Many of the
rni,grants who came here to better their fortunes
orked out their passage after coming. He settled
rst at Concord, Massachusetts, removed to Marsh-
eld, then to Weymouth. He was planter and town
(ficer, both at Weymouth and Marshfield. In the
itter town he was selectman. He was fined six
snce for being an hour late at town meetings May
5. and August 13, 1657. He took the oath of
deliiy in 1657. His farm at Marshfield that he
:cupied in 1659 was adjoining that of Peregrine
i'hite. famous as the first child of English par-
its born in New England. The cellar of his house
believed to be in the field back of the house now
r lately owned by Asa Sherman, of Marshfield.
ie was a constable in 1660, on the grand jury May
5, 1666, and his name is constantly on the records
I various public services and as holding minor
ifices for many years.

He died at Marshfield, August iS, 1692. His
rst wife died at Concord, August 23. 1642. He
larried (second) Elizabeth Fry. widow of William
ry, of Weymouth, and daughter of Jonas and
ranees Humphrey, of Dorchester. She was prob-
jly born in England and died 1652, at Weymouth.
:e married, at Marshfield, August 17, 1654, Joane
hillingsworth, widow of Thomas Chillingsworth,
[ Marshfield. She was born in England, died
eptember 4, 1684. at Marshfield. His children :
shn. born at Concord, 1642, see forward; Hannah,

)rn at Weymouth, 1646, iftarried Elancher;

arah, born 1650, married Sherman; Samuel,

)rn 1652; Rebecca, born July 29, 1655, married
Wilder.

(II) John Doggett, son of Thomas Doggett (l),
as born in Concord in 1642 and died at Marsh-
;ld, 1718. He resided at Marshfield most of his
fe, but in 1662 was at Hingham. where he lived
)r a time. His father gave him half the home
irm, April 20, 1672, and he settled at Marshfield,
here he was admitted townsman May 13, 1672.
"e was constable in 1682 and highway surveyor in
J84. He bought some adjoining land of Justus
ames. April i, 1686, for ten pounds, and one of
le. witnesses was Peregrine White. John Doggett
id his brother Samuel hired the flats on the South
ver of the town, probably to cut the salt hay.
!e was admitted a freeman in June, i68q. He was
I the grand jury. May 18, 1691. and highway sur-
■yor 1692. He held the office of tithingman and other
a'ces of responsibility and trust in the town. He
as admitted to the church, May 30, 1697, and was"
1 the jury at Plymouth as late as December 13,
•08.

He married (first), at Hingham, 1673, Persis
prague. daughter of William and Milicent (Eames)
prague, of Hingham. She was born there Novem-
;r 12. 1643, and died at Marshfield, 1684. He mar-
ed (second), at Marshfield. September 3. 1691,
[ehitable Truant, daughter of Maurice and Jane
niant. of Duxbury! He married (third), at New-
iry. June 22, 1697, Rebecca Brown, widow of

;aac Brown, of Newbury, daughter of Bailey.

he was born 1640 and died at Newbury, August
;, 1731. Children of John and Persis Doggett

were: Jolin, born at Marshfield, June 28, 1674, died
March 1, 1678-79; Thomas, born 1676, sec forward;
John, born February 26, 1674, probably died un-
married. Children of John and Mehitable were :
Isaac, born June 7, 1692, died September 21, 1692;
Hannah, born December 28, 1693.

(III) Thomas Doggett, son of John Doggett
(2), was born at Marshfield, Massachusetts, 1O76,
and died there January 5, 1736-37. He gave his
son Thomas part of the homestead, February 27,
1701. He was a juror at Plymouth, May 10, 1708,
field driver, March 21, 1708-09, on the grand jury,
January 10, 1710, highway surveyor, hogreeve, etc.
He was a farmer and prominent in town affairs.
He married (first), at Marshfield, January 18,
1698-99, by Rev. Edward Thompson, Experience
Ford, daughter of William Ford, of Marshfield.
She was born 1676 and died there October 25,
172S. He married (second), Sarah Phillips. He
died January 5, 1736-37, and is buried in Cedar
Grove cemetery, alongside the grave of his first
wife. Both graves are marked with stones. His
second wife married, at Pembroke, September 7,
1737. Joseph Ford, of that town. The will of Thomas
Doggett was dated April 19. 1736. The children:
William, born October 30, 1699, died February 16,
;6y9-i7oo; John, born 1702; Persis, bor» 1704;
Thomas, born 1706, see forward; Sarah, born 1709,
died unmarried, September 30, 1745 ; E.xperience,
born 1714, died at Lebanon, Connecticut, 1730.

(IV) Thomas Doggett. son of Thomas Doggett
(3), was born at Marshfield, Massachusetts, 1706,
and died at Middleborough, Massachusetts. .August
II, 1788. He married, at Marshfield, December 11,
1728, by Rev. Joseph (jardner, Joanna Fuller, a
descendant of Samuel Fuller, of the "Maynower."
So all their descendants are eligible to the May-
flower Society. Thomas was a yeoman of Marsh-
field and Middleborough. He was executor of
his father's estate and was part owner of the sloop
"Middleborough" in 1732. He sold the homestead,
March 6, 1741, at Marshfield, and bought at
Marlboro, May 7. 1741, settling there before Sep-
tember 7. His will was dated August 30, 1785,
and proved October 6, 1788. Their children, all
born at Marshfield, were: John, born 1729: Thomas,
born 1731, died young; Mark, born 1733. died young;
Jabcz, born JIarch 3, 1734; Seth, born February 15,
1736; Simeon, born January 4, 1738, .see forward:
Experience, born May I, 1740, baptized April 23.
1741, died at Middleborough, 1830; Joanna, born
March 16, 1742.

(V) Simeon Doggett. son of Thomas Doggett
(4). was born at Marshfield, January 4, 1738, and
died at Middleborough, May 6, 1823. He and his
brother Jalicz served in the French and Indian
war under Captain Benjamin Pratt, being at Oneida
Station, New York, September 28, 1758. He was a
carpenter by trade, as well as a farmer. • In the
revuhilion he did not think it ri.ght for the colonies
to rebel, and as a consequence he was forbidden by
the town authorities to leave his farm. He and a
neighbor, who was suffering from the same cause,
used to meet daily to talk it over, each remaining
religiously on his own farm. He was a stanch
Episcopalian in religion. He built his house on
the highway from Taunton to Plymouth in the town
of Middleb'oro. and it was occupied for many gen-
erations by his descendants. He married, February
28, 1760, Al)igail Pratt, daughter of David Pratt,
who was a native of North Carolina. The chil-
dren: Thomas, born at Middleboro, April 14. 1761 :
Elkanah, born October 27, 1762; Simeon. l)orn
March 6, 1765, see forward; Abigail, born March
4. 1775-

WORCESTER COUNTY

(VI) Rev. Simeon Doggett, son of Simeon Dog-
gett (5), was born in Middelboro, Massachusetts,
March 6, 1765, and died at Raynham, Massachu-
setts, March 20, 1852. His early associations were
those of an orderly, industrious and pious Puritan
home. His mother was a native of North Caro-
lina and had brought with her from her southern
birthplace the prepossessions of an Episcopal train-
ing, and she took care to indoctrinate the mind of
her son with the tenets of the English church.
The sterner influences of Calvinism in his home
were softened by the grace of the Armenian liturgy,
and while a heretical bias was thus given to the
faith of the child an attachinent to the English
ritual was fostered which no length of years, no
change of opinions, no constant use of other methods
could weaken. His father, though not rich, w-as in
easy circumstances and able to prepare and send
his son to college. Simeon entered Brown Uni-
versity, where he was graduated in 1788 at the
age of twenty-three. He taught school for a year
at Charlton, Massachusetts. His mind was directed
to theology, and after being refused admission to
one Congregational church, he was admitted by
Rev. Dr. Hitchcock's church at Providence and he
began fo study. He lived si.x months in a planter's
family in Virginia. In 1790 he went to live in the
fainily of the celebrated Dr. West, of Dartmouth,
and studied divinity under this eccentric but able
teacher. He became a tutor in Boston University
in 1791 and held the position five years. In May,
1792, he was licensed to preach by the Rhode Island
Convention of Congregational ministers and began
immediately to supply pulpits and preach at every
opportunity. One of his early sermons was printed,
and it was one of the first published in the United
States which openly defended Unitarian views.

In 1796 Bristol Academy in Taunton was
formally opened with Mr. Doggett as first pre-
ceptor, and his address was another milestone in
theological emancipation in New England. He ac-
cepted a call to settle at Mendon, Massachusetts,
and was ordained January 17, 1813. He resigned his
position at the academy, but remained on the board
of trustees. The Mendon church was large, in-
fluential and supposedly orthodox, yet it called him,
knowing his Unitarian views, unanimously and did
not rescind the call when he required a change of
the church creed before he became minister, .\fter
a notable pastorate he was dismissed January 4,
1830. at his own request, and settled at Raynham,
where he wished to spend his declining years. His
means placed him above the fear of want; he had
a good library and at Raynham leisure to enjoy
it. He visited the southern states in 1834-35, and
preached the sermon at the dedication of the Uni-
tarian church at Savannah. He retired from the
ministry at Raynham in 1845. His eightv-seventh
birthday was celebrated by his townsmen and friends
very elaborately and pleasantly. He died March 20,
1852. He and his wife made a joint will.

He married. October 29. 1797. Nancy Fobes.
daughter of Rev. Perez Fobes. LL. D., and Prudence
(Wales) Fobes. She was born at Raynham, Massa-
chusetts, September 8. 1769. and died there Decem-
ber 14. 1854. Their children: John Locke, born
at Taunton. September 9. 1798: Samuel Wales, born
at Taunton. July 9. 1800: Simeon, born at Taunton.
November 11, 1802, died in Georgia. July 21. 1826:
Prudence Wales, born at Raynham. September 30'.
1804. died at Raynham. December 27. 1854: Perez
Fobes, born at Taunton, Ma<:sachusetts, June 2,
1806, see forward; Theophilus Pipon. born at Taun-
ton. January 20, 1810; Abigail, born at Taunton.

November 8. 1812 ; William Paley, born June 29^
1814, died at Raynham, November 25, 1836.

(VII) Dr. Perez Fobes Doggett, son of Simeon
Doggett (6). was born in Taunton, Massachusetts,
June 2, 1806, and died at Wareham, Massachusetts,
January 28, 1875. In early life he lived on the farm
and his education was obtained largely through
his father's excellent library. He spent two years
in Florida, working for his brother in mercantile
business. He decided at length that he would study
medicine and began in the office of Dr. Usher Par-
sons, a distinguished physician at Providence. He
attended the Jefferson Medical School at Phila-
delphia for three years, and was graduated at the
age of twenty-five years. He began immediately to
practice in Wareham, Massachusetts, and was fortun-
ate from the outset in winning the confidence of his
patients. He had a good practice. "For forty-four
years he went in and out among his friends, neigh-
bors and patrons in his own and surrounding towms,
meeting with the success which a man may com-
mand who is well equipped for his business." He
died suddenly', falling in the street just after making
a professional call in apparently full possession of
his physical and mental health. He was sixty-nine
years old.

"Dr. Doggett was not a brilliant man and in some
directions he was as simple-minded as a child, but
it is believed that few men bring to the study and
practice of their profession more of those peculiar
and varied mental and physical qualifications which
help to make up the true physician and surgeon."

"Timid and slow in some departments of life,
in everything relating to his profession he was always
alert, quick to see. prompt to act. Proving him-
self the well trained, patient, conscientious physician,
whose judgment was not often at fault, he also
demonstrated by delicate operations skillfully per-
formed that a brilliant surgeon was only con-
cealed by his narrow field and lack of opportunity."

He married. November 26, 1832. at Wareham,
Lucy Maria Fearing, daughter of William and Eliza-
beth (Nye) Fearing. She was born at Wareham,
August 27. 1807, and died there October 2, 1885.
Their children, all born at Wareham, were: (Zharles
Seymour, born March 9, 1836, resides Brookline,
Massachusetts ; William Sedley, born November g,
1837, see forward : Anna Maria, born November 5,
1839, married in Sandwich, Massachusetts, Novem-
ber 25, 1858. by Rev. Nathan P. Philbrook. to Walter
Danforth Burbank. son of Samuel Burbank : she
died March 16, 1870 ; he was born in Sandwich,
1834. and resided at Wareham ; died 1893.

(VIII) William Sedley Doggett. son of Perez
Fobes Doggett, MD. (7), was born at Ware-
ham. Massachusetts, November 9. 1837. He was
educated in the public schools of his native town.
He chose a mercantile career and began as clerk
in a Boston dry goods establishment, in which he
was employed five years. He then went to Glaston-
bury, Connecticut, was associated with his brother
in the manufacture of woolen goods and remained
in that business for some years. He left there to
conduct a general store at Warren. New Hainp-
shire, where he remained eight years, doing a modest
but prosperous business. He removed to Clinton,
Massachusetts, and engaged in the dry goods busi-
ness. After a long, honorable and very success-
ful career there, for a period of twenty years, he
retired in 1897. Mr. Doggett has taken an interest
in the affairs of Clinton and has invested largely
in real estate there. He built one of the finest
business buildings in the town, known as the Dog-
gett Block. He is a Republican and has been stead-

WORCESTER COUNTY

fast in his support of the principles of his party.
He has never cared for public office. He is a
member of Clinton Lodge of Odd Fellows, and
lias been its treasurer for many years.

Mr. Doggett married, at Auburn, New York,
June 21, 1866, Frances Pomeroy Willson, who was
born at Auburn, July 5, 1842. the daughter of
Harvey and Fanny (Pomeroy) Willson. Her father
was a merchant at Auburn. Their children are :
Lucy Fearing, born at Auburn, August 7, 1867,
married Ernest Silberburg and they have four chil-
dren ; Anna Frances, born at Warren, New Hamp-
shire, May 3, 1871, married Edward Page and they
have one child ; Amy Willson, born at Clinton, Au-
gust 31, 1884.

MOEN FAiHLY. The Moen family, for more
than a half century prominently identified with the
manufacturing interests of the city of Worcester,
and whose members have borne a most useful part
in promoting the development of its various in-
stitutions, financial, educational and religious, is
of French origin.

Louis Moen and his wife, Madeleine D'Arquienne,
came from France about 1808, and settled in the
village of Wilna, Jefferson county. New York. A
son of Louis Moen by a former marriage remained
in France, and his descendants still reside in Paris.

Augustus Rene Moen, son of Louis and
Madeleine (D'Arquienne) Moen, was born in Paris,
France, September I, 1799. and was nine years
old when he accompanied his parents to the L'nited
States. He was educated in Wilna. New York,
.^bout the year 1830, having made the acquaintance
of S. H. Collins, the famous ax manufacturer of
Collinsville, Connecticut. Mr. Moen removed to that
place to accept a position as his business agent,
or salesman. He subsequently conducted a hardware
business on his own account in the city of New
York, with residence in Brooklyn, Long Island. He
afterward made his home in Stamford. Connecticut,
where he died, August 24, 1867, after enjoying the
entire confidence and esteem of a wide circle of
friends. He w'as married, in Utica, New York,
October 7, 1823, to Sophie Anne Le Clanche, who
was also born in Paris, France. August 30, 1803,
daughter of Nicholas and Maria (Pint) Le Clanche,
the latter born in Treves, a city of Rhenish Prussia.
Sophie Anne Moen survived her hu.sband nearly
a score of years, dying January 30, 1887. Their
children were:

1. Philip Louis, see forward.

2. Mathilda. Louisa, born July 11, 1826, in Wilna.
New York; married Lewis R. Hurlbutt, .April 11,
1854. and died January 25, 1881.

3. .Augustus I\L, born May 22. 1830, died in
infancy.

4. Cornelia .\nn. born October 3, 1832, in Col-
linsville. Connecticut; married, November 21, 1855,
William W. Rice, Esq., of Worcester, Massachusetts,
afterward mayor of that city and member of con-
gress from that district. She died June 16, 1862.

5. Henry A. R.. born September .^o, 18.^8, in
Brooklyn, New York ; married Mary Biddle. of
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and died in London,
England. November 10, 1887.

6. Edward A., born May 31, 1841. in Brooklyn,
New York ; married Mary Sophia Cram, of Port-
land. Maine, and died, 1903.

Philip Louis Moen, eldest child of Augustus
Rene and Sophie Anne (Le Clanche) Moen, was
born in Wilna. New York, November 13, 1824. He
began his studies in the town of his birth, and
later in turn attended schools in Carthage, New
York. Collinsville, Connecticut, and Brooklyn, New

York. His studies in the later city were prepara-
tory to a course in Columbia College, New York,
but an eye ailment necessitated his discontinuance,
and he turned his attention to commercial affairs,
setting himself to learn the details of the hard-
ware trade, the occupation of his father. While
thus occupied he made the acquaintance of Ichabod
Washburn, of Worcester, Massachusetts, whose
manufacturing interests required an occasional visit
to the city of New York, where he marketed a por-
tion of the product of his mills. In the year 1846
the anniversary of the American Board of Foreign
Missions was held in Brooklyn, and as delegate
to that assembly the elder Mr. Washburn, accom-
panied by his daughter, was assigned for the ses-
sion to the home of .Augustus R. Moen, where a
friendly acquaintance was formed which later re-
sulted in young Philip Moen coming to Worcester
to claim the daughter as his bride.

Philip L. Moen was first as.sociated with his
father-in-law. Ichabod Washburn, at his Grove street
works, and later with Messrs. Henry S. and Charles
Washburn in the rolling mill at Quinsigamond vil-
lage. This firtn was dissolved January 12, 1849.
and .April i, 1850, Mr. Moen became a partner with
his father-in-law in the wire-drawing industry, where
he filled a much needed place, assuming the finan-
cial conduct of the business, while Mr. Washburn
directed the mechanical operations. Under the new
firm the business prospered and increased in volume
and from that modest beginning grew until many
acres were covered with the great structures from
which went out thousands of tons of wire to assist
in the forwarding of civilization throughout the
world. Mr. ]Moen had the satisfaction of living to
enjoy the fruits of his energy and financial ability,
coupled with the technical knowledge of such an
expert mechanic as Ichabod Washburn. At the death
of Mr. Washburn, in 1868, Mr. Moen succeeded
to the presidency of the corporation, a position which
he retained up to the time of his decease.

The same characteristics which made Mr. Moen
so successful in the world of business would also
have rendered him a most valuable public official,
but the demands of his life occupation were too
pressing for many interludes. In 1854 and 1855
he was a member of the city school committee, and
in 1885, as a presidential elector from the Tenth
District, he cast an unsuccessful ballot for James
G Blaine. Mr. Moen was always a Republican in
politics, and ever ready to assist in advancing the
Drinciples of his party. In his religious affiliations
he was a member of the Union Congregational
Church, and for many years one of its deacons.
Tliere was nothing relating to the good of human-
ity that did not receive his hearty and generous sup-
port. He w-as a zealous advocate and liberal sup-
porter of the Yctimg Men's Christian .Association.
was president of its board of trustees, and as a
life member he was the second largest contributor
toward the construction of the elegant home of
the .Association now standing in Elm street, in the
city of Worcester. .-Xs an earnest advocate of
higher education he lent his efforts in behalf of the
Worcester Polytechnic Institute, and was one of
its trustees from its founding until his death, a
portion of the time serving as treasurer of the
corporation. He was a director of the Central
National Bank, president of the board of trustees of
the Memorial Hospital, director of the State Mutual
Lift Insurance Company, trustee of the People's Sav-
ings Bank, trustee of the Home for .Aged Women.
director of the Free Public Library, president of
the Worcester Countv Mechanics .Association, and
a member of the Worcester Agricultural Society.

WORCESTER COUNTY

Mr. Moen was a man of commanding presence,
genial, courteous, conscientious, with frank, open
manners, bearing all the marks of a gentleman of
the old school. His loss from the social as well
as the business world was deeply felt throughout the
city, county, and even far beyond their bounds,
wherever he was known. He died at his home in
Lincoln street, Worcester, April 23, 1891.

Mr. Moen married (first) November 17, 1846,
Eliza Ann, daughter of Ichabod and Ann G.
(Brown) Washburn. Their only child, Annie Eliza,
died in her third year, March 21, 1854. The mother
died January 25. 1853, in her twenty-seventh year.
Mr. Moen married (second) March 26, 1856. Maria
Sloan Grant, of Chelsea, Vermont, a lineal de-
scendant of Mathew Grant, one of the first settlers
of Windsor, Connecticut. Their children were:
Philip Washburn, of whom further ; Sophie, who
resides in Boston: Cornelia, died in infancy; Alice,
married Arthur Edward Childs, whose home is in
Boston.

Philip Washburn Moen, eldest child of Philip
L. and Maria Sloan (Grant) Moen, was born in
Worcester, Massachusetts. April 28, 1857. After
receiving his early educational training at home, he
accompanied his parents during a European tour,
and on their return, after a final year in the high
school, he entered Yale University, where he took
the academic course, graduating with honors in
1878. After his graduation he studied for two
years in Sweden, after which he spent a year in
travel on the continent. He then returned home
and entered upon his business career, in May, 1881,
joining the firm of Washburn & Moen, becoming
first a director, later the treasurer, and in 1S88 added
to the latter duties those of, general manager, re-
maining in that twofold position until 1899, when the
American Steel and Wire Trust Company pur-
chased the business and plant, Mr. Moen being re-
tained as one of the vice-presidents. As an executive
officer he was ready and decisive, with thorough
knowledge of the great industry, which was de-
veloped to larger proportions under his manage-
ment. Four years after the property was acquired
by the American Steel and Wire Trust Company he
relinquished connection with it, to busy himself
with his personal affairs. He held positions as a
director of the Worcester Trust Company, the Wor-
ce-ster Consolidated Street Railway Company, the
People's Savings Bank, the Worcester Electric Light
Company, and trustee of the Massachusetts Lighting
Company and the Boston and Worcester Electric
Company. He was vice-president of the Massa-
chusetts Home Market Club, and a member of the
Boston University and Union Clubs, also of the
University 'and Yale Clubs of New York city. Al-
though a Republican in politics, he seldom accepted
public trusts, but was a liberal contributor to all
legitimate expenses of the party, and might have
held the office of mayor of the city of Worcester
had he been willing to accept a nomination. He was
from boyhood a member of the Union Congrega-
tional Church, of which he became a trustee and
chairman of the building committee. The Memorial
Chapel, now a part of the ^church property, was a
tribute from him, with his mother and sisters, to
the memory of his father, Philip L. Moen, who was
for many years identified with all its interests. To
the Young Men's Christian Association of Worces-
ter he lent his personal aid, and followed his father
as chairman of its board of trustees.

Mr. Moen was married, in Edinburg. Scotland.
June 5, 1890. to Margaret Brown, daughter of
Thomas and Elizabeth (Leishman) Struthers, of

that city, her father being a retired manufacturer.
These parents are now deceased. After his retire-
ment from business Mr. Moen took special delight
in amplifying and beautifying his summer home
in the hill-town of Shrewsbury. To this attractive
country seat was given the_name of Ard-na-Clachan,
suggested perhaps from his associations with Scot-
tish life and localities. Here he erected upon a
most sightly outlook a charming residence, where,
surrounded by the broad acres of a beautiful farm,
he passed more than half his time in superintending
the cultivation of fields and the growing of choice
varieties of fancy domestic animals, in which he took
special interest, and which he delighted in exhibit-
ing to the many friends who visited him. At the
New England Fair, in connection with the Worcester
Agricultural Society, in September, 1904, as a mem-
ber of the committee of arrangements and the re-
ception committee, and also as a department super-
intendent, he was constant and untiring in his ef-
forts to make the occasion a triumphant success.
Immediately after the close of the fair, although
greatly fatigued, he went on business to Toronto,
Ontario, returning home September nth, and on
the night of the following day (September 12th)
was stricken with apoplexy and passed away. His
death was deeply felt by the citizens of Worcester.
That such a generous-hearted broad-minded, public-
spirited man, with high aspirations, guided as he
was by a noble purpose, should be so suddenly re-
moved from his place of usefulness, brought a sharp
pang of regret to the community, and called forth
the most profound sympathy.

COES FAMILY. John Coes (i) was born in
1748, probably in Scotland. There is evidence that
he came from a family of Scotch that lived near
the southern boundary, and some of the same name
are living in Glasgow now. The name is distinct
from the family of Coe in this country, at any rate.
During the Revolution several soldiers by the name
appear on the Massachusetts rolls. The name was
apparently spelled Coas and Coose at times, and in-
correctly. Samuel Coes, of Marblehead. w'as A
soldier in the Revolution. Joshua Coes, of Bridge-
water (spelled Coesse) and William Coas, of Cape
Ann. w-ere soldiers also. It is possible that William
Coes (or Coose), of East Greenwich. Rhode Island,
was a relative of the Worcester settler.

John Coes settled in W^orcester before the Revo-
lution. He was a farmer. His seven children were
born here, and so far as is known all of the Coes
in this country are descended from him and his
wife Rebecca. He died in Worcester, June 24.
1S27. aged seventy-nine years. His children were:
I. Daniel, born December 10. 1776. 2. Simeon, born
July 9. T781. died March 3. 1833. He married Sabra,
and their children were: William, married Lucy H.
Green, April 30, 1835 : Simeon Sibley, born May 22.
1811, died September 22, 1847: John Green, born
July 24. 1814; Levi Charles, born July 13. 1819, mar-
ried Charlotte McFarland, November I. 1846 : Mary
Augustus, born January 22, 1823, died July 8. 1838.
3. William, born February 19. 1786, died April 17.
1829. He married Jemima Chapin. September 14,
1S09. Their children were': Nancy Chapin. born
Septemher 10. 1810: Leonard Chapin. born July 7.
1812: William Seth^ born August 9. 1814; Rebecca
Salome, born December 24, 1816. school teacher at
Worcester: married James E. Budlong. of Provi-
dence. December 13, 1843 : William Seth Leonard,
born May 29. 1820: Luther Draper, born October
T3. 1822. 4. Sally, born January 23, 1787. married
John Pratt, of Fitchburg, Massachusetts, December

WORCESTER COUNTY

29, 181 1. S. Mary, born November 28, i/gr, died
September 12, 1831. 6. Levi, born October 28, 1793,
married Kezia. 7. Elijah, born May ig, 1795,

(II) Daniel Coes, son of John Coes (i), was
born and brought up on his father's farm in what
is now called New Worcester, December 19. 1776,
and died January 26, 1838. He married, October
26, 1808, Roxana, or Roxlany (as the records have
it) Gates. (See Gates Family Sketch). Their chil-
dren were: i. Sally, born February 22, 1810, died
February 16, 1832: Loring, born April 22, 1812;
Albert, born September 29, 1813, died February 13,
1837; Aury Gates (name originally was Horatio
Gates), born January 22, 1816.

(III) Aury Gates Coes. son of Daniel Coes (2),
was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, January 22,
1816, and died December 2, 1875. Fie married Nancy
Maynard, who was born in 1815, and died December
I. 1842. He married Ann S. Cutting, May 29, 1845.
He married (third) a Miss Gibson. He married
(fourth) a Miss Winch. His children were: John
Henry, born in Springfield, Massachusetts, Sep-
tember 25, 1840 ; Frederick Lewis ; Anna Rebecca,
born ' March 25, 1847 : Mary, bursar of Radcliffe
College, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Stella, died in
Dresden, Bavaria, and body was lost at sea. The
business career of the late Aury G. Coes is given
with that of Loring Coes herewith.

Loring Coes. third in line from John, the founder,
is the son of Daniel Coes, and was born in Worces-
ter, Massachusetts, April 22, 1812. He has been
for many years the nestor of Worcester manufac-
turers, the most wonderful instance of mental and
physical capacity in the history of Worcester, if
not of the country. At the date of writing he is the
active head of the business that he established in
1836, and at the age of ninety-four years is as alert
and active ;is the majority of inen are at sixty.

Mr. Coes spent his jjoyhood on his father's farm
in New Worcester, where he was born. He at-
tended the district school in the winter months, but
his education has been attained largely outside the
schoolroom. He is a self-educated, as well as a
self-made man. .A.t the age of fourteen years he
was apprenticed to Anson Braman, of Worcester, a
carpenter, to learn his trade, and served with him
three years. He then worked for Mr. Salmon
Putnam until he was of age. Afterwards he worked
for various manufacturers of Worcester, construct-
ing the wooden parts of woolen machinery then in
use. He had a contract with Henry Goulding and
employed six or eight men. Among others whom
he and his brother worked for was the firm of
Kimb'all & Fuller, makers of woolen machinery,
an'd in 1836 they bought the business, forming the
co-partnership of L. & A. G. Coes. Originally this
business was carried on at the mill privilege owned
by the Coes interests for so many years, but in 1835,
just before the Coes took possession, it had been
removed to Court mills, where L. & A. G. Coes
continued in business until October, 1839, when
the Court mills -were destroyed by fire.

This disaster impaired th(!ir capital so much
that they were unable to continue the business, and
they went to Springfield to work for Laurin Trask
as pattern makers in his foundry. While there
they invented a new and very convenient form of
wrench. There were at that time two styles of
wrenches in common use, one an English patent,
the other known as the Merrisk or Springfield
wrench. Both hands had to be used to adjust either
of these kinds of wrenches The Coes wrench could
be adjusted by the same hand using it, leaving the
other hand of the workman free. In order to
obtain a patent on the device they returned to

Worcester and sold the patterns of their spinning
machinery, that had been saved from the fire, to
Samuel Davis, a manufacturer of woolen machin-
ery. With this money they secured a patent, is-
sued to Loring Coes, April 16, 1841.

The firm of L. & A. G. Coes proceeded to manu-
facture wrenches under the patent. They were as-
sisted by the late Henry Miller, a hardware dealer
and "prominent citizen of Worcester. He fitted up
a shop in the northwest end of Court mill with
the necessary machinery and tools, of which he
retained the ownership, and he sold for the firm
all of the wrenches they made. Early in 1843 the
firm had paid for its plant,, was employing three
machinists, and had a contract with Calvin Foster
& Co. to handle their product. The next winter
L. & A. G. Coes moved to the shop of Albert
Curtis in New Worcester.

At the close of their contract with C. Foster
& Co., April I, 1848, Ihcy entered into a contract
with Ruggles, Nourse & Mason to handle their
product for the next five years. They bought for
$5,500 the old woolen mill at New Worcester, in
which they had worked in their youth. With the
mill they got two hou.ses and four acres of land,
besides the water privilege. The famous Captain
Daniel Gookin was its first owner, and from him
the great-grandfather of Loring and Aury G. Coes
purchased it, and built a .saw mill at the upper
■privilege, where there had been previously a beaver
dam. When they moved to New Worcester they
were employing from twelve to fifteen men. and
making from five hundred to six hundred wrenches
a moiith. They repaired and raised the mill, and
put in new machinery and a new water wheel. Their
contract with Ruggles, Nourse & Mason expired
April I, 1853, and after that L. & A. G. Coes sold
their own goods. They had made many improve-
ments in the wrenches, and in the special ma-
chines used in constructing them.

On July 21, 1853, with Levi Hardy, the firm
purchased from Moses Conant his shop, machinery
and business, that of the manufacture of shear
blades and knives for hay cutting machines. The
co-partnership continued until May 2, 1864. after
which the. business was conducted by the firm of
L. & A. G'. Coes, who bought the interests of Levi
Hardy. Tn 1865 a dam was built half a mile above
their mill privilege to form a reservoir, and next
year a new shop was built at the reservoir, and de-
voted exclusively to the manufacture of shear blades,
hay cutting knives, and similar goods. In 1867 a
new dam was built a hundred rods below the
reservoir. The two brothers dissolved the part-
ncrshi]) and divided the business. Loring Coes had
the upper privilege with the knife business: Aury
G. Coes having the lower one with the wrench
business. .'Vt that time the annual product had in-
creased to ten thousand wrenches or more.

In 1871 Loring Coes began to manufacture
wrenches also, the patents having expired. He
erected the building at Coes Square for the pur-
pose. At the outlet of the upper pond Loring Coes
carried on an extensive business in the manu-
facture of- die stock for cutting sole leather and
other purposes, as well as many kinds of blades.
.Aury G. Coes formed the firm of A. G. Coes
S: Co. in partnership with his two sons, and con-
tinued to carrv on the very prosperous wrench busi-
ness until his" death in 1875. The sons continued
under the same finn name until .April i, 1888. when
the two Coes firms were consolidated under the
name of Coes Wrench Co. The officers were:
President, Loring Coes: treasurer. John H. Coes,
and secretarv. Frederick L. Coes. The factory was

WORCESTER COUNTY

tlicn turning out about fifteen hundred wrenches
a day. An important patent was issued to Loring
Goes in 1880, on the "Knife Handle'' or scaled and
riveted handle, also his invention, replacing the
old round handle made of a single block. This
model was very successful and was one of the
causes that united the wrench business of the Goes
family in one concern, as it is to-day. Improve-
ments and inventions have followed, and improved
models were adopted in 1895 and again in 1901
and 1903. A little more than a month before his
ninetieth birthday, Loring Goes bought out the in-
terests of his partners, John H. and Frederick L.
Goes, sons of his former partner, Aury G. Goes,
and assumed the sole ownership of the wrench busi-
ness. In June, 1902, he consolidated with it the
corporation of Loring Goes & Go., Incorporated,
making the capital stock of the Goes Wrench Go.
$150,000. The knife business is conducted as part
of the corporation under the name of Loring Goes
& Go., Incorporated, Department.

The knife business of the Goes family is hardly
less famous than the wrench business. It has a
reputation of producing steel goods of unsurpassed
quality and merit. Mr. Goes has always followed
as his maxim in business : "Make the best only, —
Quality first, Price afterwards" and his reputation
is literally world-wide. There is not a country in
the world where the Goes Wrench is not in use.
Even in the Levant there is a demand for this'
indispensable tool. Mr. Goes not only /attends to
his business in person, daily, but continues to iiiake
improvements and secure patents. The business
has never been more prosperous than at pi'esent.

In 1903 a new factory was completed, fifty by
one hundred and fifty feet, with an ell fifty by fifty
feet, and with new machinery and equipment the
product of the company was doubled. The capacity
of the knife shop within a few years has also been
increased one hundred and fifty per cent. At the
present time the Goes factories produce three hun-
dred dozens of wrenches daily, about three thousand
six hundred, and four and one-half tons of wrenches
are completed every day the shop runs. The pay-
roll includes one hundred and ninety hands, mostly
machinists and mechanics of skill and experience.
The Goes wrench shop is the largest wrench shop in
the world.

Mr. Goes was representative in the general
court in 1864 and 1865. He has served the city in
both branches of the council, and was for more than
thirty years a director of the Gity National Bank.
He is a director of the Worcester Electric Light
Gompany. For some years he has been the oldest
living manufacturer engaged in the hardware trade.
He is fond of fishing, and has for many years made
a fishing trip to Maine during the season.

The present officers of the corporation are :
President. Loring Goes : vice-president and clerk,
Frank Loring Goes; treasurer, Loring Goes;
directors, Fred W. Blackmer and Frederick Searle.
Mr. Blackmer is counsel for Mr. Goes. (See sketch
elsewhere in this work). Mr. Searle is a native of
St. Austel, Gornwall. England, and for fifteen years
has been superintendent of the works. He is also
the master mechanic. He worked in the copper
mines in 'Vermont and machine shops in Fitch-
burg, Massachusetts, before coming to Worcester.

Loring Goes married Harriet Newell Read,
daughter of Russell Read, of Attleboro, Massachu-
setts. January 14. 18,35. She died in 1902. Their
children were: i. Francis Russell, born June 9. 1837.
2. Ellen Stanley, born October i, 1839. married
Melvin O. Whittier. who was born in Mercer. Maine,
May 13. 1834, aid came to work at the Goes shop

at the age of seventeen, worked up until he was
superintendent of the manufacturing department in
1865, and became partner of Loring Goes, his father-
in-law, when L. & A. G. Goes dissolved. Mr.
Whittier sold out to Mr. Goes in 1887 and re-
turned to Maine to live, where he died in 1905.
His daughter, Mabel Ella Whittier, married George
Ghurchill, and they have a daughter, Hildegarde
Ghurchill. 3. Anna Read, born November 12, 1842,
died May 13, 1845. 4. Ghester E. B., lives with
his father, never in business.

(IV) Frank Loring Russell Goes, son of Loring
Goes (3), was born June 9, 1837, in Worcester,
Massachusetts. He received his early education
in the school of his native town. Later he at-
tended Leicester Academy and Middleboro Academy.
Early in life he showed an inclination for the mili-
tary, and at the age of nineteen was a lieutenant
in the city guards. When the civil war broke out
he took an early opportunity to enlist in the Twenty-
fifth Massachusetts 'Volunteers, and served with
honor until nearly the close of the war, when by
reason of disability he was compelled to return
home. (For his business relations with the Goes
firm and his father's business, see the sketch of
Loring Goes preceding).

He married in 1867,' Persis J. Putnam, daughter
of Salmon Putnam. (See Putnam Family Sketch.)
The death of Mr. Goes in 1871, at the early age
of thirty-four, was doubtless hastened, if not
directly due to exposure in the army. He left
one child. Frank Loring. born August 30, 1872.

CV) Frank Loring Goes, son of Frank Loring
Russell Goes (4), was born in Worcester, Massa-
chusetts, August 30, 1872. He attended, the Wor-
cester public and high schools, and took a course
at Worcester Academy. He also attended a priv.ite
school at Northboro, Massachusetts. At the age of
seventeen he went into the shops of the Goes
Wrench Go. to learn the business. He work'.d in
every department and learned the trade thoro'ighly.
He was placed in charge of the knife factory in
1892. When Loring Goes bought out his partneis
in 1902, he was put in charge of the main office. He
is a member of the Gommonwealth Glub, the Wor-
cester Golf Glub, and the Hardware Glub of New
York. In politics he is a Republican. On July 11,
1891. he married Gora Braman, daughter of Gharles
Braman. of Providence. Rhode Island. Her mother
was Priscilla Braman. nee Wright, born in North-
boro. Massachusetts. The children of Frank Loring
Goes are: Loring, born September 17, 1892; Russell
Read, born August 26, 1894.

EDWARD A. GOODNOW. In 1632. twelve
years after the landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth
Rock, three Goodnow brothers sailed from Eng-
land to join the enterprise beyond the stormy At-
lantic. They shared the hardships of those who
laid the foundations of the Gommonwealth of Massa-
chusets. Among the three brothers who came to
these shores was Thomas, who settled at Sudbury.

('II) Thomas Goodnow, son of the English

branch, married Jane , and had a son

named Samuel.

(HI) Samuel Goodnow, son of Thomas (2),

born February 28, 1646, married Mary

by whom a son Samuel was born.

(IV) Samuel Goodnow, son of Samuel (3),
born November ,30, 1675. died about 1720. married
Sarah Brigham, and they had a son Thomas.

(V) Thomas Goodnow, son of Samuel (4).
born March 18, 1709, married Persia Rice, of Marl-
boro. April 17, 1734, and they had a son Edward.

(VI) Edward (ioodnow, son of Edward (s).

^h^

WORCESTER COUNTY

born October 30, 1742; married Lois Rice, and they
had a son Edward.

Edward (6) removed from Sudbury to Prince-
ton, Massachusetts, and in 1786 built the old Good-
now homestead, still standing and owned by his
grandson, William B. Goodnow, the brother of our
subject proper.

(,VII) Edward Goodnow, son of Edward (6),
born December 1776, married Rebecca Beaman. He
inherited his father's estate. Rebecca Beaman took
her turn with other girls in going to Worcester,
thirteen miles, to get the mail. She went on horse-
back and the trail was through the woods, her only
guide being the "blazed" trees. To Edward and
Rebecca Goodnow were born six sons and two
daughters ; all were born in Princeton, and with
one exception grew to manhood and womanhood.
These children were : Erastus D., Edward A.,
Jonas B., Franklin, William B., Harriet E., Louis
R. and Abel. The father died in 1852, and the
mother in 1870, both in Princeton.

(Vni) Edward Augustus Goodnowy son of
Edward and Rebecca (Beaman) Goodnow, was born
at the old homestead, Princeton, July 16, 1810. Al-
though the New England boy of his time had much
hard work to perform, yet the people believed in the
value of a good education. To this lot he of whom
we write was no exception to that rule. His boy-
hood days were spent for the most part on his
father's farm. After attending the district school
he attended three terms at Hadley Academy. With
this schooling he went forth to meet and to do bat-
tle with the practical side of life's career. In 1823,
when he was thirteen years old, his parents opened
an inn at their homestead, on the Connecticut and
fioiton road. So well was the house kept that it
soon became famous. Teamsters and stock men were
only too glad to reach its homelike rooms and sit
around its bountiful tables. This inn W'as kept
open twenty-seven years. Young Edward mingled
with the travelers and merchants who stopped there .
and here he first acquired his taste for mercantile
pursuits. When twenty years of his life had passed,
he left the scenes of farm life and began clerking
in the store of his older brother, Erasmus Good-
now, in Princeton. It was soon discovered that he
had sought and found the calling for which he was
especially adapted. So well did he succeed in his
new role that at the end of two years service, he
was admitted as a partner in the business. Quick
to observe the trend and fashion of the times, this
firm soon improved their golden opportunities and
commenced the manufacture of palm-leaf hats, in
connection with the general^ merchandise business,
the junior partner performing much of the outside
work. His early farm life fitted him well to care
for such matters, including the teaming for the
firm. For several seasons he might have been seen
rising at two o'clock in the morning and driving
to Boston, a distance of forty-five miles. There he
would sell such commodities as his load from
his country home was made up of, and re-
load with goods and supplies bought in exchange,
to be used in the general store at home. JSIuch of
the time consumed by such long and frequent trips
was made while others slept. But it was a good
schoolmaster to him. Antagonism is the, law of de-
velopment, and hence these early hardships proved
but stepping stones to a marked and prosperous
career.

Like many other sensible and thoughtful young
business men, Mr. Goodnow sought out a loving
wife, in the person of Harriet Bagg, of Princeton.
After five years of married life the angel of death
called her from his side. Subsequently he married

her sister, Augusta, by whom one son was born,
Henry Bagg Goodnow, who died in infancy. Af-
fliction again settled down on the household of Mr.
Goodnow and death claimed the second companion.
Later he married Catherine B. Goodnow, who jour-
neyed with him for a quarter of a century and who
was an active member of the Congregational church
for about twenty-iive years, when she passed from
earthly scenes.

In 1836, after four years of partnership, the
business was expanded by admitting another member
to the firm, with the view of manufacturing shoes.
The new firm relations existed eleven years, when
Mr. Goodnow realized that the domain of Prince-
ton was limited as a trade center for the carrying out
of his plans, so, after having been in trade in his
native town fifteen years in all, he went to Shcl-
burne Falls in 1847, where he formed a partnership
with the great cutlery establishment of Lamson,
Goodnow & Company, but soon finding the damp
air of Deerfield Valley did not agree with him. he
removed to Eaton, central New York, remained
there for a time, and finally returned to New Eng-
land and located at Worcester, in 1852, when the
city had but 18,000 people. Being familiar with the
shoe business, Mr. Goodnow opened a retail shoe
store, which he pursued for four years, and then
changed to the wholesale trade in the same line of
goods. To him belongs the honor of opening the
first jobbing house in Worcester. Success crowned
his efforts, and sales ran from one hundred thous-
and to four hundred thousand dollars per annum.
Integrity in his business methods was the key to
his success. After a successful business of fourteen
year in Worcester, JNIr. Goodnow retired from active
mercantile life.

Concerning the political belief of Mr. Goodnow
it should be said that he was one of the stanch
Abolitionists, when it meant something to advocate
such a cause. He was one of eight persons to
adopt the principles of the Free-soil party, and sub-
scribe to the principles, "We inscribe on our banner,
'Free soil, free speech, and free men' and under it
we will fight on, fight ever, until triumphant vic-
tory shall reward our exertions." When gun number
one sounded the alarm from Fort Sumter in 1861, he
was not surprised. More than a dozen clerks from
his own place of business, one after another, marchqd
to the battlefield; all were aided by him, and one
of the brave number was under full pay by him
during the entire time of his military service, and
his business place open for him upon his return
from the Southland, when victory was for the Union.
When Governor Andrew proposed to raise a col-
ored regiment and equip it for the field, he gave
five hundred dollars for its expenses, heading the
subscription paper for that amount. When the
war cloud was darkest and the finances of the coun-
try were in peril, he subscribed liberally for the
iirst bond issued. He thoughtfully erected mar-
ble tablets to the memory of fifteen high school
students who gave their young lives on the altar
of their native land. As an object lesson to the
youth of the city, he placed a bust of General
Grant in the high school. Among other benefac-
tions was a life sized oil portrait of President Gar-
field, to be hung in the hall of the Mechanics' As-
sociation. The following resolution was passed by
the Association :

I\esol7'i-tf. That the VVorrestcr County Mechanics' Association
hereby tenders a noie of thanks to Mr. Edward A. Goodnow for
liis public-spirited liberality in presenting to the association a
full-length portrait of James .\. Garfield, late president of the
United States. Attest:

William A. Smith. Clerk.

WORCESTER COUNTY

A few years later he preseiiled the =aiue asso-
ciation with a portrait of Henry Wilson.

Mr. Goodnow was never an office seeker, hut did
hold the position of trustte of the Stale Reform
School, mider appointment of Governor Andrew and
by re-appointment by Governor Bullock, serving in
all seven years. L'pon retirement from business,
he spent two years in leisure, but that was enough
to convince him that man is happiest when employed,
so he accepted the position of presidi.nt of tlie i-irst
National bank, tendered by a unanimous vote. Here
Mr. Goodnow was not a hgure-head, but the real
head. All the paper passed through his hands. He
took some risks that more timid men would not
have dared to take. He secured large deposits by
a liberal attitude toward patrons of the bank. When
he took the olhce, the bank stock was quoted at
one hundred and ten ; but under his good manage-
ment, the par value was doubled. So much was
his business sagacity appreciated by the stock-hold-
ers,, that a set of complimentary resolutions
were passed, thanking him and giving him
the credit for buildnig up a great banking
business — second to none in the Commonwealth.
Whife Mr. Goodnow was a busy man of
affairs, he found pleasure in spending nnich of
his means in way of magnificent gifts of a philan-
thopic and truly charitable nature. He gave not to
be seen of men, but where good could be accom-
plished — where the condition of his fellow men
could be bettered. The list of such generous acts
is indeed too lengthy to insert in a work of this
character but a few will here be noticed briefly.
Beginning with his native town, Princeton, he gave
a library building known as the "'Goodnow Me-
morial Building," which consists of a library, read-
ing-room, two school rooms, w'ith desks for forty
scholars each, together with an endowment of five
thousand dollars. Tliis is indeed a magnificent
memorial, "a thing of bcautj is a joy forever."
To educational institutions, he has ever been more
than generous. Among such instances may be named
the Female Seminary at Jlount Holyoke, in way of
scholarship, parks and other matters, all amounting
to twenty-five thousand dollars. He gave to the
Iowa College at Grinnell ten thousand dollars to re-
place buildings destroyed by a terrible cyclone. Sub-
sequently he gave five thousand dollars for the
erection of a cottage named the Mary Grinnell Mears,
in honor of the wife of Rev. D. O. Alears, D. D. To
the Wellesley College and the Moody School at
Northfield he gave each five thousand dollars. His
anti-slavery sentiments were e.xpresscd by the gift of
five thousand dollars to Washburn College in
Kansas, to found a John Brown professorship. The
colored race has not been overlooked by the phil-
anthropist, for he has repeatedly been a contributor
toward the erection of buildings for the colored
school at Hampton, Virginia, also at Oberlin, Ohio ;
Berea College, Kentucky, and Lincoln College, Penn-
sylvania. Not content with the donating of his
wealth on this side of the seas, he was the first man
to erect a building on the continent of .Africa for the
education of women. Thus he commenced the
laudable work of Christianity and civilization among
the female portion of "Darkest Africa." This is
in connection with the Huguepot Seminary, Wel-
lington, Cape of Good Hope, Africa. The building
known as Goodnow Hall was constructed after Mr.
Goodnow's plans, and then shipped to Africa ready
to be erected. The expense was over fifteen thous-
and dollars.

In connection with his church benefactions it
should be here recorded that he was long associ-
ated with the Plymouth Congregational Church of

W orcester, to which he was a very generous do-
nator as the years and decades rolkd by. Among
thc.-,e benefactions must not be forgotten the superb
chime of bells which each week sounds from the
belfry of this church edifice. The same was given
in memory of his late wife, Catherine B. Goodnow;
also, as a memorial of his only son, Henry B.
Goodnow, who died in infancy, he gave an organ to
this church, the total expense being ten thousand
dollars. In 1887 he gave five thousand dollars to-
ward the Catherine B. GoodnoW Fund of the Young
Women's Christian Association of Worcester. To-
ward the completion of this magnificent building he
gave not less than thirty thousand dollars.

•Although having lived four score and three years,
until recently he of whom we write saw with un-
liiinmed eye. and was exceptionally robust for one
so far advanced on the journey of life. He was a
constant attendant at the church of his choice. In-
deed, the life of Mr. Goodnow was one of marked
success, and of such noble characters the world has
none too many. He died F'cbruary i, 1906, after an
illness of only two days, and a large concourse of
sorrowing friends followed him to his last resting
place.

SAMUEL R. HEYWOOD. In sketching the
useful and eventful career of Samuel R. Heywood,
founder of one of the most enterprising and suc-
cessful manufacturing establishments of the city of
Worcester, it is to be noted that his influence has
touched almost every branch of trade and public
interest in his community within the period of more
than a half century. He has not only been one of
the principal factors in making Worcester an im-
portant manufacturing center, but a leader in the
promotion of various other enterprises — financial,
commercial, transportation, etc. He has rendered
valuable service to the public in various official sta-
tions, and has liberally aided with his iiiHuence,
personal effort and means, all that goes to make up
the higher life of the community — the churches,
schools oi all degree, and those beneficent insti-
tutions which minister to the needs of the suffering
and afflicted. In all the relations of life he has so
acquitted himself as to receive sincere recognition
as an ideal citizen.

Mr. Heywood was born at Princeton, Worcester
county, Massachusetts, November 24, 1821, and was
reared upon a farm, where he developed attributes
of a model manhood — a splendid physique, which
enabled him to carry into his octogenarian years
the ambitions and abilities which in ordinary men
wane in the sixties; and those habits of industry and
persistency which were to form the foundations of
a career of unusual u.sefulness and success. As a
lad he attended the ordinary country schools, and
was for two terms a student in the Westminster
.Academy, defraying his expenses with the earnings
from his own labors. When about twenty years old
he entered upon a business life as an employe of E.
1). and E. A. Cjoodnow, of Princeton, manufacturers
of boots and shoes, and proprietors of an extensive
general store. In .August, 1848, he located in Hub-
bardstown, as senior nrember of the firm of Hey-
wood & Warren, general merchants, bringing to
the business a small amount of capital of his own
earning, and a character which aft'ordcd him all the
credit he desired. In the course of three years
he purchased the interest of his partner, and car-
ried on the business until January. 1855. This ex-
perience marks the end of his preparation for the
larger enterprises upon which he was now to enter.
Fie had not only acquired considerable means, but
he had duveloped his business abilities to such a de-

WORCESTER COUNTY

gree as to justify liim in seeking a wider I'leld for
his effort, and he decided to remove to Worcester.
Here he became a partner of one of his lirst em-
ployers, E. A. Goodnow, under the style of Good-
now & Heywood, in the wholesale and retail lioot
and shoe trade. This partnership was dissolved in
the following year, Mr. Heywood taking the retail
trade, in which he continued until 1.S64. He at once
engaged in the manufacture of boots and shoes, ex-
tending his operations from time to time, constantly
reaching out into larger and more distant markets,
and introducing new goods as experience demons-
trated their worth and acceptability. The Heywood
boot soon came to be known as the best product
in its line, from what was for many years the lead-
ing city in the country in this class of manufacture.
Later, as a more cultivated taste warranted the
making of a lighttr and more dressy style of foot
wear, he turned his attention to the manufacture of
that style of goods. At whatever stage, his house
maintained its high reputation by its use of only
the very best obtainable materials, the most finished
workmanship, and strictly honorable business deal-
ings. To the present time the product of the Hey-
wood factory is the standard in men's high-grade
foot wear, stylish, perfect fitting and durable, made
in all the leading styles and shapes, and in sizes
and widths to fit any foot. Aside from the great
and constantly increasing demand for the Heywood
goods from every part of the United States, for
fifteen years past they have been extensively sold
in Canada, England, Honolulu. Havana. Buenos
Ayres, Cape Town, and other foreign markets. The
constant development of this industry necessitated
various enlargements of the factory, and changes
in the managerial force. In 1879 Mi"- Heywood
erected the VVachusett building on Winter street,
which was then one of the largest and best equipped
boot and shoe factories in the country. This estab-
lishment, after repeated enlargements, now occu-
pies a frontage of one hundred and forty feet on
Winter street, eighty-five feet on Harding street,
and a wing ninety-one feet in depth at the east end,
near Grafton street, all the principal buildings be-
ing five stories in height. The plant is equipped
with the latest and most improved machinery, and
is a model one in every respect. At whatever
stage of the development of this gigantic enterprise,
Mr. Heywood has given to it his close personal atten-
tion, maintaining a close oversight of every detail —
the selection of material, the operation of the ma-
chinery at every step of manufacture, besides keep-
ing a close touch with the market, its conditions and
possibilities, and introducing innovations in style
of goods, seeking new outlets for his product; and,
in short, ever maintaining for his house a position
of leadership which was unquestioned throughout
the country. As they came of proper age, Mr. Hey-
wood introduced his sons to the business, as will
appear in connection with their respective names.
In 1884 the Heywood Boot and Shoe Company
was incorporated, with Mr. Heywood as president,
a position which he has occupied to the present
time, abating nothing of his deep personal interest,
and exercising general maiVagerial powers.

While thus busied with the building-up and con-
duct of a great establishment which would seem-
ingly tax the abilities of any one man, Mr. Heywood
has given his aid to various enterprises having a large
place in the business life of the city. In 1865 he
Ijecame a director in the Central National Bank of
Worcester, serving as such until February, 1903,
when that institution was absorbed by the Worcester
Trust Company. In 1864 he was also a charter mem-
ber of the People's Saving Bank, and a member

of its board of trustees and Iniance committee from
that time until July, 1884, when he became presi-
dent, in which position he still continues. He has
also for many years been a director in the Cotton
and Woolen Mutual Insurance Company of Boston.
In all these various positions he has displayed the
same high ability and conscientiousness wliich have
characterized him in his personal concerns. He has,
besides, rendered inestimable service to the com-
munity and connnonwealth in various important po-
sitions where he labored with rare sagacity and un-
failing devotion to the interests committed to his
keeping. He was a member of the common council
in 1859, and of the board of aldermen for two
years following. In 1873 and 1874 'le was again
elected to the common council, and in the latter
year was president of that body. In 1875 lie repre-
sented the city of Worcester in the Massachusetts
house of representatives, and was re-elected for the
two succeeding years, .serving on the railroad com-
mittee each year. He was an ardent admirer of
that splendid old-school statesman (and his intimate
personal friend) Hon. George F. Hoar, was an early
and efficient advocate of his election to the Ujiited
States senate for his first term, and as a meiuber
of the legislature was largely instrumental in ef-
fecting a result which gave to the country the serv-
ices of one of its grandest men. A man of strong
convictions and unflinching moral courage, Mr.
Heywood has never allowed considerations of per-
sonal popularity or expediency to govern his con-
duct as a citizen. He was an original ''Free Soil-
er," and cast his first vote for James G. Birney fcir
president, and labored in his behalf as zealously as
though defeat were not foreordained. Mr. Hey-
wood aided in the organization of the Republican
party in 1856, and was ever a vigorous upholder of
its principles. In his political conduct he only re-
garded legitimate and honorable ends to the good
of the nation and community, regardless of all per-
sonal considerations. That he held office from time
to time was in no instance due to his self-seeking,
but to the estimation in which he was held in the
community as a man well equipped, in heart and
brain, for the service of his fellows. His well known
interest in education and his broad humanitarian-
ism led to his being called to connection with the
system of state charities of the commonwealth. In
1877 he was- appointed by the governor a trustee of
the State Reform School at Westboro. and he was
one of the seven trustees retained by that executive
out of the entire number (twenty-one) when in
1879 the state schools at Alonson. Lancaster and
Westboro were by act of the legislature consolidated
under one management. He held this position until
1888. giving to its duties much thought and labor,
marked with a genuine feeling of sympathy for
unfortunate youths, and a spirit of genuine helpful-
ness toward them. He has always been among the
foremost in the establishment and maintenance of
the ennobling institutions of this city, and one of
his most highly appreciated acts was the creation
of the much needecl library at the Memorial Hos-
pital. His example and precept have ever been
recognized ' as a power for practical temperance.
Without pretension to oratorical powers, he possesses
the faculty of impressing his hearers through his
evident sincerity. A Congregationalist in religion,
he was formerly w'itli the Salem Street Church,
and with Plymouth Church from its organi-.^ation.
He was prominent in its creation, active in all per-
taining to its interests, especially in connection
with the erection of its edifice and the extinguish-
ment of its building debt. His personal benefactions
are ever liberal, being freely bestowed for legiti-

■^

L/lh(^/?/^ayh. /c/ /^<^^?^i^^^e<?<t_

WORCESTRR COL' XT V

male religious moral and charitable work abroad as
well as at home. His personal character is be>t
discerned by considering the relations which have
ever subsisted between himself and his hundreds
of employees, who recognize m hnn a apprecia-
tive personal friend as well as a just and kind em-
olover A half century of Uninterrupted business .
life is a record made bv but few men of large affairs,
vet today, thanks to his native vigor of mmd and
body pure life and equable disposition, he maintams
an active interest in the great business with which
his name will ever be associated, and in all the varied
community interests which have engaged his atten-
tion during his entire career.

In June 1856, Mr. Heywood married Harriet
Butler iMilliken, daughter of Z. T. and Aima H
MiUiken of Chelsea, Massachusetts, natives of
Franklin county, Maine. Of this marriage were born
five children, three of whom were sons, two coming
to maturity, one passing away 111 infancy and one stil
rem?ins to share with his father the duties and
responsibilities of his large concerns. The children

^^^7. George Ezra, born January 26, 1859, died the
following month. , ■, ^„

-> Frank Everett Heywood. born April 20,
i860 He was most promising from his
youth When seventeen he graduated from the
Worcester Classical High School, and was then for
a vear a student at Easthampton. He entered Harv-
ard University, where he was not only a close
student, displaying a special interest m chemistry,
but was prominent in athletic sports. He graduated
with the class of 1882, and the same year was ad-
mitted to partnership with his father as a member
of the firm of S. R. Heywood & Company. At the
incorporation of the Heywood Boot and Shoe Com-
pany in 1884 he became vice-president and treasurer,
and served in that twofold capacity until his death,
October 25, 1899. He was also a director in the
Citizens' National Bank of Worcester He was
a man of excellent business ability, and admirable
personal character— qualities which marked hnn as,
in the course of events, the fit successor of his hon-
ored father in the headship of the Heywood Com-
pany He died universally mourned, and it was
noted by a local chronicler that seldom had the
citv seen evidence of such sincere and general gnet
as 'that which followed him to his untimely grave.
December 18, 1884, he married Harriet Dodd Jen-
nings, born December 4. 1864. daughter of Horace
N. and Maria (Dodd) Jennings, ot East Orange.
New Jersey. His widow resides in. Worcester, witli
her children: Chester Dodd, born October 12, i bb/ ;
Rhilip Butler, born March 24, i88g; Florence Blair,
born Mav 18, 1893: Richard, born May^8, 1897-

3. Caroline Louise Heywood, born September i.?,
1862. died September 16. 1866.

4. Henrietta Butler Heywood, born May 15. 180.T
died November 25. 1868. . . ■ ,

Albert Samuel Heywood, only surviving son ot
Samuel R. Heywood, was born May 31. i8o7. ".<-'
'was fitted for college in Worcester High school and
Worcester Academy. He was graduated from the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology with the class
of 189^ He became connected with the tieneral
Electric' Company of New York, and was winning
distinction in the world of electrical science when
occurred the death of his brother, Frank Everett
Heywood, and this untoward event made it desira-
ble that he should abandon a calling m which he
was deeply interested in order to share the burdens
of the father. He accordingly resigned his posi-
tion January I. 1900. and became vice-president
and treasurer of the Heywood Company, the po-

sitions which had been rendered vacant by the death
of his brother. Taking up his new duties methodic-
ally and with cheerful alacrity, he has proven him-
self an earnest and devoted man of atTairs. and a
worthy companion as well as son to his honored
parent. September 28, 1899, he married Laura
Chester Foute, of Atlanta. Georgia, who was born
in Adairsville, Georgia, October 30, 1873, daughter
of William Edward and F'liza (Houston) Roberts
F'oute. Their children are : Edward Foute Hey-
wood, born July 17, 1900; Harriet Butler Heywood.
born August 16, 1901 ; Dorothy Heywood, born
October 5, 1902.

OBADIAH BROWN HADWEN, who enjoys
national reputation as a scientific horticulturist and
pomologist, is a native of Rhode Island, born in
Providence, August 2, 1824, son of Charles and
Amy Sherman (Brownell) Hadwen, He comes of
sturdy English ancestry, descending from John
Hadwen, of Rochdale, England, who was a settler
in Newport. Rhode Lsland, in early colonial days.
His great-aunt was the wife of Obadiah Brown,
who was prominent as a pioneer in the cotton-spin-
ning industry in America. Charles Hadwen, father
of Obadiah B. Hadwen, was a resident of Provi-
dence, Rhode Island, where he was a leading manu-
facturer and merchant. In 1835 he retired from
these occupations and removed to Worcester, Massa-
chusetts, and purchased and located upon the Wing
Kelley farm, near Tatnuck.

Obadiah Brown Hadwen attended in turn the
Friends' Schools in Providence, Rhode Island, the
Clinton Grove Institute in Ware, New Hampshire,
where he was a student for four winters' terms,
and the Worcester (Massachusetts) Manual Labor
School, where he remained for one term. The prin-
cipal preparation for his peculiarly useful life work,
however, was obtained upon the parental farm near
Tatnuck. where he developed those tastes and capa-
bilities which marked his career. In 1844. the year
before attaining his majority, he came into posses-
sion of a portion of the home farm which he has
since occupied for the long period of sixty-two years.
For forty years of this time he followed market
gardening, and a nursery and dairy business. Mean-
time he greatly enhanced the value of the property
by the erection of new luiildings. But his principal
delight w\is practical and scientific agriculture and
horticulture, and in these lines his deep knowledge
and sound judgment found general acknowledgment.
He adorned his grounds with trees of his own
planting, in great profusion, of the most beautiful
specimens of their kind, many which were unknown
in that region until introduced by him, and which
have attracted the admiring attention of horticult-
urists from every part of the United States, .'\niid
the changes incident to the great expansion of .t
thriving industrial city, the rural surroundings of
his farm have been almost entirely obliterated, but
his immediate home and the grounds pertaining to
it have been preserved intact— a veritable rus in urbc.
Mr. Hadwen's accomplishments as a horticult-
urist found early recognition, and for more than
half a ccnturv he has been known as the leading ex-
ponent of those interests which he has labored so
earnestly and usefully to promote. He early be-
came connected with the famous Massachusetts
.■\gricultural Club, organized April 4. 1840, and was
for many years its president and is now a most act-
ive member, and he was long vice-president of the
Worcester County .Agricultural Society, of which
be is yet a trustee. His unusual abilities also found
legislative recognition, and he was for many years
a trustee of the Agricultural College at .Amherst.

WORCESTER COUNTY

where, iiiulcr liis direction in the capacity of chair-
man of the hoard, many important additions and
sahitary innovations were made. He became a mem-
ber of the Worcester County Horticultural Society
in 1847, serving that body as trustee, vice-president
and president, and he was re-elected to the latter
office in 1895, after a period of twenty years from
his first incumbency, and has since been re-elected no
less than twelve times. He has also long been
a prominent member of the Massachusetts Horti-
cultural Society and the American Pomological So-
ciety. In 1867 he was made one of the commis-
sioners in charge of the public parks of Worcester,
and the great value of his services in that capacity
is evidenced by his continuous reappointment. For
several years he was chairman of the parks commis-
sion, and he still holds membership in that board.
This brief epitomization of his life work sets him
forth among the most valuable members of the
community— one who. in love o'f nature, delightedly
holds communion with her visible forms, and brings
her refining and uplifting influences to bear upon
all about him, conveying the lesson that contentment
and peace and most real happiness comes to him
who nestles closest to nature's heart. And so it is
not strange that in religion he adheres to the tenets
of the Society of Friends. He was originally a
Whig in politics, and his abhorrence of human slav-
ery led him to identify himself with the Repub-
lican party on its organization, and he cast his vote
for its first presidential candidate, General (then
Captain) John C. Fremont. An ardent Unionist and-
an appreciative admirer of Abraham Lincoln, he
was a firm upholder of that great statesman in his
struggle for the vindication of the national author-
ity and the re-establishment of the Union. His
natural tastes and habits of mind forbade him tak-
ing an active part in political affairs, but he suf-
fered himself on one occasion to be elected to the
common council of Worcester, and was a valued and
efficient member of that body in 1868-69.

;\Ir. Hadwen married, December 25, 1845, Har-
riet Page, of Westminster, Vermont, a descendant
of an honored revolutionary family of that state.
Three children were born of this marriage. A son,
William E. Hadwen, is deceased ; and another,
Charles Hadwen, is a prominent produce merchant
in Chicago, Illinois. A daughter, Amy, is the wife
of John "H. Goes, of the Goes Wrench Company of
Worcester, Massachusetts.

CHANDLER FAMILY. William Chandler (i),
the immigrant ancestor of one of the foremost
families of Worcester county, to which John Greene
Chandler, of Lancaster, belonged, was born in Eng-
land and settled early in Roxbury, Massachusetts.
He was there in 1637 and was one of the proprietors.
He was admitted a freeman May 13, 1640. His
homestead consisted of twenty-two acres. The fol-
lowing, from the Roxbury records, gives a con-
temporary opinion of him : "He lived a very re-
ligious and godly life among us and fell into a con-
sumption to which he had a long time been in-
clined; he lay near a year sick in all which time
his faith, patience and holiness and contentation
so shined that Christ was much glorified in him. He
was a man of Weake parts but Excellent faith and
holiness ; he was a Very thankful man, & much
magnified God's goodness. He was poor but God
prepared the hearts of his people to him that he
never wanted that which was (at least in his esteem)
Very plentiful and Comfortable to him. he died
about in the yeare 1641 & left a sweet memory be-
hind him." Rev. John Eliot wrote : "A Christian,
Godly brother." He was buried January 19, 1641-2.

His widow Annis married (second), July 21,
1643, John Dane, of Barkhamstead and Bishop's
Stortford, Hertfordshire, England, and Ipswich and
Roxburi', in New England. Dane died at Roxbury
and was buried September 14, 1658. She married
(third), at Roxbury, August 9, 1660, John Par-
menter, of Sudbury, a prominent man there, select-
man 1641.

The children of William Chandler were : I.
Hannah, born about 1629 in England, married, De-
cember 12, 1646, George Abbot; (second), 1690,
Rev. Thomas Dane. 2. Thomas, born about 1630,
married Hannah Brew'er. 3. William, born in Eng-
land, married (first), August 5 or 18, 1658, Mary
Dane, of Ipswich; married (second), October 8,
1679, Bridget Henchman, widow of James Richard-
son. 4. John, born February 16, 1658, married
Elizabeth Douglas. 5. Sarah, born at Roxbury,
married (first), November 4. 1659, William Cleaves;

(second) Wilson; (third), October 11, 1688,

Ephraim Stevens; (fourth) Allen.

(II) Deacon John Chandler, son of William
Chandler (l), was born about 1635. He married,
February 16, 1658, Elizabeth Douglas, of Wood-
stock, Connecticut. She died in New London, Con-
necticut. July 23, 1705. She was born in England
about 1610, the daughter of William, and Anna
(Mattle) Douglas. He and his wife were ad-
mitted to the church May 28, 1665. He was active
in the settlement of Woodstock and served on im-
portant committees. He had first choice of a home
lot and he took one situated on the brook on the
highway at the north end. He was selectman of
Woodstock in 1693, 1694, and also moderator in
1694. He was on the committee to build a meeting
house on Plaine hill, nearly in front of the Bowmen
Mansion. He was one of six who bought the
Moshamoquet Purchase of James Fitch, of Norwich.
Deacon Chandler died April 5, 1703, aged sixty-
eight years. By his side in the graveyard at Wood-
stock are buried a number of his descendants. His
will was dated June I, 1702.

The children of Deacon John and Elizabeth
Chandler, all born in Roxbury, before their removal
to Woodstock, were: i. John, born March 4, 1659,
died young, and his gravestone bears the earliest
date of death of any of the family in America as
recorded by gravestones. 2. Elizabeth, born Feb-
ruary 20, 1661, married, November 18, 1680, Robert
Mason, of Roxbury. 3. John, born April 16, 1665.
4. Joseph, born April 3, 1667, died in Roxbury, Sep-
tember 29. 1668. 5. Hannah, born September 18,
1669, married, July 7. 1685. Moses Draper, of Rox-
bury. 6. Mehitable. born August 24, 1673, baptized
June, 1673 ; married, June 25. 1695, John Coit, of
New London. 7. Sarah, born November 19, 1676,
died July 3, 1711 ; married (first). June 9, 1697,
William Coit, of New London; (second), Septem-
ber 2. 1708. John Gardiner, of Gardiner's Island. 8.
Joseph, born June 4, 1683, married, June 29, 1708,
Susannah Perrin, of Roxbury.

(HI) Hon. John Chandler, son of Deacon John
Chandler (2). was born at Roxbury. Massachu- •
setts, April 16, 1665. He married, November 10,
1692. Mary Raymond, of Woodstock, who was born
March 12, 1671-2, the fifth child of Deacon John
Raymond, who married. December 10. 1652, Eliza-
beth Smith, daughter of Nehemiah Smith. Deacon
Joshua Raymond was the eldest son of Richard and
Judith Raymond, of Salem. Mrs. Chandler died
.\pril 8. 171 1, aged thirty-nine years, and is buried
on Plain hill. 'Woodstock. There is an interesting
tradition in the family of Mrs. Joshua Raymond
and Captain Kidd. whom she had entertained at her
house for some time. It is said but not universally

WORCESTER COUNTY

believed that when the blithesome pirate left her
hospitable roof he filled her apron full of gold,
jewelry and costly plunder. Mr. Chandler married
(second). November 14, 1717. Esther Butman,
widow of Palgrave Alcock.

John Chandler was town clerk of Woodstock
in 1690, 1691, 1692 and 1694, and selectman in
1693 and 1694. He resided several years at New
London, where four of his children were born.
In 1698 he had a tavern license there. He returned
to Woodstock to live and was surveyor of the town
in 170J. deputy to the general court in 171 1, Wood-
stock then being in Massachusetts. When the county
of Worcester was established he was appointed judge
of probate. He held the first probate court in
the meeting house of Worcester July 13, 1731. He
also held the court of common pleas and general
sessions August 10, following. The county was
organized April 2, 1731. Judge Chandler's son John
was appointed clerk of the courts. Judge Chandler
held his position as judge of these two tribunals
until his death. One of his sons, John, Jr., suc-
ceeded him on the bench, while another, Thomas
Chandler, became a judge in Vermont, where he
had settled. Judge Chandler was for forty years
a commissioner of the peace and was seven years
in his Majesty's council. He died at Woodstock.
August 10, 1743, in his seventy-ninth year.

The children of John and Mary Chandler, born
at Woodstock or New London, were : John, born
at New London, October 18, 1693, of whom later;
Joshua, born February 9. 1695-6, married Elizabeth
Cutler; William, born November 3. 1698. married
Jemima Bradbury; Mary, born April 30, 1700, mar-
ried John McCoy: Elizabeth, born May 13. 1702,
married Joseph Frizzell ; Samuel, born January 5,
1703-4, married Dorothy Church; Sarah, born Octo-
ber II, 1705. died March 7, 1721-2; Mehitable, born
at Woodstock, August 10, 1707, married, 1747,
Thomas Buckniinster, of Brookfield ; Thomas, born
July 23, 1709, married Elizabeth Eliot; Hannah, born
March 27, 171 1, died May 23, 1711.

(IV) John Chandler, son of John Chandler (3),
was born at New London, Connecticut, October 18,
1693. He married, October 23, 1716, Hannah
Gardiner, on the Isle of Wight, off Long Island.
She was born December 11, 1699, and died January
5, 1738-9. in Worcester, and was buried on the
Worcester common. Her grave with the others
has been covered from sight, and the stones cov-
ered, for some inscrutable reason. She was de-
scended from Lion Gardiner, who came over in
163.S and married Mary Williams, daughter of
Dericke Williams and Hachim Bastians Williams ;
he bought the Isle of Wight, better known, perhaps,
as Gardiner's Island (east of Long Island). His son,

David Gardiner, married Mary' : his grandson.

Jolin Gardiner, son of David, married Mary King
and three other wives, and was the father of Han-
nah Gardiner, who married Judge Chandler. Ac-
cording to the Chandler Genealogy Gardiner's
Island was entailed. The attempts to entail estates
in Massachusetts failed in every case. The old
English law of primogeniture was broken down
effectually. John Chandler married (second) Sarah
Clark, widow of Hon. Nathaniel Paine, of Bristol,
Rhode Island.

He was a surveyor by profession and was ap-
pointed to plot Pomfret. Connecticut, and later he
surveyed the line agreed upon between Massachu-
setts and Connecticut, June, 1714. He was coroner
for Suffolk county before the county of Worces-
ter was established. He removed to Worcester when
the county was formed, and was moderator ,of the
town meeting in 1733. He represented Woodstock

in the general court and also Worcester in 1732-35-
,58-39-52-53- He was a selectman of the town of
Worcester in i7.33-34-.?5-.?7-39-40-42-43 to 1753 in-
clusive; town treasurer 1741 to 1752 inclusive; first
clerk of the county courts 1731 to 1754 inclusive;
sheriff from 1751 to 1754 inclusive (while Mr.
Chandler was sheriff Timothy Paine was associate
clerk vyith him) ; register of probate from the or-
ganization of the county until 1754; register of deeds
until 1762. In May, 1754, he was appointed judge
succeeding his father, and in May, 1757, he was
made chief judge with three associates. He was
one of the delegates of the American colonies who
met at Albany, New York, delegates of the Five
Nations of Indians, and were partly successful in
making allies of them. An interesting character in
Judge Chandler's family was a colored slave "Aunt
Sylvia," who lived to be one hundred and seven
years old.

Oi Judge Chandler the hi.slorian of Worcester,
Lincoln, wrote : "On the decease of his father h«
succeeded to the higher office of judge, colonel
and cotmcillor. His talents were brilliant and showy,
rather than solid and profound. With manners
highlv popular he possessed a cheerful and gay dis-
position, indulging in jest and hilarity and he
c.\crcised liberal hospitality. While Judge of Pro-
bate he kept open table for the widows and orphans
who were brought to his tribunal by the concerns
of liusiness." He was made a member of the
Ancient and Llonorable Artillery Company in 1734,
and was elected commander in 17,37. He died Au-
gust 10. 1762, and is buried on the Worcester
common.

The children of Hon. John and Hannah Chand-
ler were: Mary, born at New London, September
'). 1717, married, February 7, 17.36-7, Benjamin
(ireene; Esther, born May 23, 1719, married. May
9. 1745. Rev. Thomas Clapp ; John, of whom later;
Gardner, born at Woodstock, September 18, 1723,
married Hannah Greene; married (second), August
2. 1767, Anne Leonard; Sarah, born January 11,
1725, married, 1749, Timothy Paine; Hannah, born
February I, 1727-8, married. May 17, 1750, Samuel
Williams; Lucretia. born July 18, 1728. married,
September I. 1761, John Murray, of Rutland; Eliza-
beth, born January 5, 1732-3, married, September
20, 1751, Hon. James Putnam; Katherine, born
March 28, 1735, married Levi Willard ; a son, born
and died January 5, 1737-8.

(V) Hon. John Chandler, son of Hon. John
Chandler (4), was horn at Woodstock, Connectcut.
February 26, 1 720-1. He married Dorothy Paine,
of Worcester, March 5. 1740. She was the daugh-
ter of Colonel Nathaniel Paine, of Bristol, Rhode
Island, and Worcester, Massachusetts. Colonel
Paine's wife, her mother, was Sarah Clark, daughter
of Timothy Clark, of Boston. Colonel Paine re-
moved to Worcester in 1738 and had land near
Lincoln street. Mrs. Dorothy Paine died October
5. 17^5. tie married (second), June 11, 1746, Mary
Church, daughter of Charles Church, of Bristol,
Rhode Island, sheriff, who died December 31. 1746,
aged sixty-four years. Her sister. Dorothy Church,
married Samuel Chandler. Their father, Colonel
Charles Church, was son of Colonel Benjamin
Church, born in Duxbury, i6,-?9, and wife Alice,
the daughter of Constant Southworth, of Plymouth.
(Sec sketch of Southworth family).

John Chandler resided on the east side of Main
street near the present site of Clark's block, formerly
the site of Mower's Tavern and of the United
•States Hotel. He followed in the footsteps of his
father and grandfather, both prominent servants of
tlie Crown. He was town treasurer from 1753 to

WORCESTER COUNTY

1760, inclusive; town clerk from 1764 to 1768, in-
clusive; county treasurer from 1702 to '1775, in-
clusive; sherifif from 1751 to 17O2; judge of probate
from 1762 to 1774. Colonel Chandler marched to
the relief of Fort William Henry, August, 1757.
John Adams, who was then living in Worcester,
afterwards president of the United States, wrote:
"At the time Fort William Henry was besieged
Colonel Chandler had occasion to send expresses
often and while keeping school in Worcester I of-
fered my services and was sent to the Governor of
Rhode Island."

He inherited the traits of character as well as
the offices of his father and grandfather. He was
cheerful and engaging in manner, hospitable as a
citizen, friendly and kind as a neighbor, indus-
trious and enterprising as a merchant. To a
chivalrous sense of loyalty to the British govern-
ment he sacrificed during the revolution property
valued at over 36,000 pounds. In his own schedule
presented to the British government after he had
left his country, he reduced these figures which
were probably about right, to 17,000 pounds, includ-
ing 6.000 for loss of income from his offices. So
just and moderate was this compensation ascer-
tained to be, at a time when extravagant claims were
presented by others, that his claims were allowed
in full and he was called in England "The Honest
Refugee." His portrait iS to be seen at the foot
of the stairs in the front hall of the American
Antiquarian Hall at Worcester. Colonel Chandler
had a pew in Old South Church.

After the revolution broke out and Colonel
Chandler left Worcester to affiliate with the Tories
and British, he never returned. His estate was con-
fiscated and he was named with his brother-in-law,
Hon. James Putnam, and others of his family on
the list of six who were banished and forbidden
to return under penalty of death. Two of his sons,
Rufus and William, were among the proscribed, and
his nephew. Dr. William Paine. The son, William
Chandler, and Dr. Paine, were permitted later to
return home, and Dr. Paine regained the confi-
dence and esteem of the community. Col. Chand-
ler died in London, September 26, 1800, and was
buried at Islington. His son Rufus was buried
in the same grave. The spot is marked by a
simple stone suitably inscribed.

The children of John and Dorothy Chandler
were: John, born March 3, 1742. of whom later;
Gardner, born December i, 174.?. died December
t6, 1743; Clark, born December i, 1743; Dorothy,
liorn September, 174S, married, December 26. 1767,
Samuel Ward, of Lancaster. The children of John
and Mary Chandler were: Rufus, born May 18, 1747,
married. November 18, 1770, Eleanor Putnam;
Gardiner, born January 27, 1749, married in 1772,
Elizabeth Ruggles ; Nathaniel, born November 6,
1750: William, born December 7. 1752; Charles,
born January 22. 1755. married, November 18, 1706,
Sally Mower ; Samuel, born February 25. 1757 ;
Sarah, born December 14, 1758, married, Septem-
ber 14, 1780. William Seaver, Jr.: Benjamin, born
August 15, 1761, died December 16, 1775: Francis,
born July 28, 1763, died December 16, 1775; the
two latter were drowned together in the mill pond
in South Worcester; Lucretia, born June 9, 1765,
married, October 24, 1786, Rev. Aaron Bancroft:
Thomas, born January 11, 1768, married, Septem-
ber 25, t8o2, Eliza Davis, widow of William Denny:
Elizabeth, born February 20, 1770, married. Decem-
ber 2, 1786, Ebenezer Putnam, of St. John, New
Brunswick, where the family lived after the ex-
patriation.

(VD John Chandler, son of Colonel John Chand-

ler ($), was born in Worcester, March 3, 1742, the
eldest child; married, April 4, 1766, Lydia Ward,
who was born in 1732 and died July 30, 1794, aged
sixty-two years. She was descended from Deacon
William Ward, who came over with his second wife
Elizabeth, from Yorkshire, and settled in Sudbury,
dying in Marlboro, formerly part of Sudbury, aged
eighty-seven years. His son, William Ward, born
in Sudbury in 1640, married Hannah Johnson,
daughter of Solomon Johnson, widow of Gershom
Amee. His son, Colonel Nahuni Ward, of Shrews-
bury, was born 1684, and married Martha How,
daughter of Daniel and Elizabeth (Kerby) How.
They were the parents of Nahum Ward, Jr., of
Shrewsbury, who married Lydia Stearns; was a
merchant, died when about twenty-five years old,
leaving two daughters, one of whom Lydia, mar-
ried a