I 29.88: SO 8/APP
Clubhouse, Brown Cottage, Moorhead Cottage,
and Clubhouse Annex
SOUTH FORK FISHING
& HUNTING CLUB
ST. MICHAEL • PENNSYLVANIA
V
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS
DEPOSITORY ITENI
APR 14 1994
CLEMSON
*.IBWRX
®
Printed on recycled paper
HISTORIC STRUCTURES REPORT
Appendices
Clubhouse
Brown Cottage
Moorhead Cottage
Clubhouse Annex
South Fork Fishing & Hunting Club
St. Michael, Pennsylvania
By
Landmarks Design Associates, Architects
and
Wallace, Roberts & Todd
Prepared under contract to
The National Park Service, Denver Service Center
for the
The Southwestern Pennsylvania Heritage Preservation Commission
and
The 1889 South Fork Fishing & Hunting Club Historical Preservation Society
CONTENTS
IX.
Appendices
A. Historical
1.
Historic Photographs
305
2.
Family Histories
377
3.
Property Transactions
437
4.
Oral History Resources
443
5.
Membership Lists
445
B. Architectural
1.
Paint Analysis
449
a. Clubhouse
455
b. Brown Cottage
461
c. Moorhead Cottage. .
467
d. Clubhouse Annex
476
2.
Archaeologist's Report
479
3.
Structural Engineer's Report
505
a. Clubhouse
507
b. Brown Cottage
519
c. Moorhead Cottage
535
4.
Contemporary Period Cottage & Clubhc
use Designs 551
5.
Maps .....
573
301
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2012 with funding from
LYRASIS Members and Sloan Foundation
http://archive.org/details/historicstructurOOIsouth
HISTORICAL
303
APPENDIX A.l. HISTORIC PHOTOGRAPHS
Forty photographs have been identified which depict the South Fork Fishing and
Hunting Club buildings and life on Lake Conemaugh during the 1880s. Most of these
were the work of Lewis Semple Clarke and have been made available by his
granddaughter, Virginia Cooper. Four additional photographs of that era have been
located in the collection of Alice Reed Tucker, James W. Brown's granddaughter; the
photographer has not been identified, but they might also be the work of Clarke.
In addition, three photographs from the Irving London Collection of the Johnstown Flood
Museum Archives illustrate the Club site from across the lake, both before and after the
flood, and one shows the lakefront from the boardwalk before the flood. One view of
the empty lakebed was secured from the Pennsylvania State Archives, Perm Central
Railroad Collection. The two historic photographs of the Annex are from the collection
of the 1889 South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club Historical Preservation Society.
The historic photographs have been numbered in a series with numbers H-l through H-
46. Thirteen of the photographs have been included in the body of this Historic
Structures Report. The balance are included in this Appendix.
Supplementing the photographs of the site and buildings is an unnumbered series of
images of Club members. They are also included in this Appendix.
305
Photo H-14
Cottage No. 1, looking southwest from below, c.1883-1889.
Photograph by Lewis Semple Clarke, from the Cooper Collection.
Cottage No. 1 is shown with an unidentifiable group on the porch. The second floor
shutters are closed, suggesting that the photograph might have been taken off
season. This cottage was destroyed by fire in the mid-twentieth century.
306
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371
PHOTOS OF SOUTH FORK CLUB MEMBERS
Thirteen of the Club's members are depicted in photographs on the following pages.
Twelve were taken from Percy F. Smith, Notable Men of Pittsburgh and Vicinity.
Pittsburgh: Press of Pittsburgh Publishing Co., 1901. The source for the image of D.
W. Rankin has not been determined.
372
JAMES W. BROWN
STEF.L MAM FACTIRKR ; DIRECTOR EXCHANGE
NATIONAL BANK.
CHARLES JOHN CLARKE*,
OF CLARKE & CO.
TRANSPORTATION AGENTS.
JOHN AKUXAH HARPER
SECRETARY AND TREASURER OF THK or
TILE COMPANV.
HENRY HOLDSHIP
HOLDSHIP ft IRWIN, OIL PRODUCERS ASD
RBF1NKRS.
373
DURBIN HORNE
DIRECTOR OK THE UNION NATIONAL BANK j
JOSEPH HORNE CO.
CURTIS G. HUSSEY
MANUFACTURER OF COPPER, STEEL, ETC.
PITTSBURGH.
LEWIS IRWIN
in I. R SEINER
'.I 1ST.
AKDER CHASE KNOX
KEY GENERAL OF THE
UNITED STATES.
374
MAXWELL K. MOORHEAD*
PRESIDENT MONONC.AHELA NAVIGATION COMP*BH
IRON MANUFACTURER.
JAMES H. REED
~.K OF THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 189I |
PRESIDENT PHILADELPHIA COMPANY.
MOSES BEDELL SUYDAM
i: : FOUNDER OF M. K. SUYDAM & CO., PAIN.
AND .
375
CALVIN WELLS
President of the Pittsburgh Forge and Iron Co.
" Director Exchange National Bank
376
APPENDIX A.2. FAMILY HISTORIES
Of the sixty-one men believed to have belonged to the South Fork Fishing and Hunting
Club, as many as eighteen are suspected to have built cottages. (See Historical Narrative
for an explanation of how this list was derived.) This appendix contains biographical
notes and family trees on those individuals, as well as several others, along with names
and addresses of approximately sixty surviving descendants; most of those descendants
have been contacted. The suspected cottage owners are as follows:
De Witt Clinton Bidwell
James W. Brown
Charles J. Clarke
John Arunah Harper
Henry Holdship
Durbin Home
Curtis C. Hussey
Lewis Irwin
Philander Chase Knox
Jesse H. Lippencott
John J. Lawrence
Walter Lowrie McClintock
Maxwell Kennedy Moorhead
Dr. D. W. Rankin
James Hay Reed
John Rorabaugh
Moses B. Suydam
Calvin Wells
377
DE WITT CLINTON BIDWELL
(1828-1900)
De Witt Clinton Bidwell was born in Pittsburgh, in 1828, and received a common school
education. After his schooling, he soon became employed in business with many well known firms. For t
long while he was a partner in the firm of Dilworth, Porter & Company. He was a member of the firm
D.W.C. Bidwell & Company powder dealers of 131 Water St., and for many years, until the time of hi
death, he was the sole agent and representative of the DuPont Powder Company. At the time of his
death he was vice-president of The Marine National Bank and president of The Real Estate Nationa
Bank. He was formerly a director of The Merchants and Manufacturers National Bank and the Citizen
National Bank. Also, Bidwell was a member of the Shadyside Presbyterian Church and the Duquesn.
Club and had extensive interest in the real estate of the East End area.
In 1852, D.W.C. Bidwell was married to Miss Elizabeth Milligan. Together they had three
sons; Clinton M., Howard E., Harry DuPont and a daughter, Mrs. Harvey L. Childs. He was survived i
all but his daughter. At the time of his death, Clinton M. of Buffalo, N.Y, Howard E. of Philadelph
and Harry DuPont of Pittsburgh, were all representatives for the DuPont Powder Company.
Bidwell, of Ellsworth Avenue, was one of the best known businessmen in Pittsburgh. He die I
at age 72 on May 16, 1900 from heart trouble.
378
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CURRENT BIDWELL DESCENDENTS
1988:
CHILDS, Mr & Mrs Clinton L. (Orr) *
Miss Isobel Childs
650 Grove St.
Sewickley, Pa 15143
741-6896
CHILDS, Mr & Mrs Blair (Alcorn)
3321 Dent PI. NW
Washington, DC 20007
202-333-3321
CHILDS, Mr & Mrs Harvey L. (Leech)
Indian Rock Farm
Box 162
Stahlstown, Pa 15687
593-6108
CHILDS, Mr Harvey L. jr & Miss Barbara B. Childs
1566 St Paul St
Denver CO 80210
LASKOW, Mr & Mrs Mark J (Childs) *
6693 Kinsman rd.
Pgh Pa 15217
421-3638
CHILDS, Mr & Mrs J.Mabon jr (M.Holiday Jackson)
3132 Sussex Rd.
Raleigh, NC 27607
CHILDS, Mr & Mrs J.Mabon (Hillman) *
5453 Albemarle Ave.
Pgh Pa 15217
621-3436
CHILDS, Miss Laura
301 E. 79th st
NY,NY 10021
DETMER, Mr & Mrs E. Thomas jr
911 Filmore St
Denver CO 80206
303-399-0530
CHILDS, Mrs John B. (Ebbert)
545 Glen Arden Dr.
Pgh Pa 15208
661-9166
WALSH, Mr & Mrs Alexander T.
229 Childs Rd
Basking Ridge, NJ 07920
BROOKS, Mr & Mrs Clinton C. (Peter
jrs. Christopher & Clinton jr
10625 Park heights Ave.
Owing Mills MD 21117
301-484-5157
BROOKS, Mr. J.Judson Jr
700 N. Hampshire Ave., NW
Wash., DC 20037
BROOKS, Mr & Mrs J.Judson (Child
Newington, Shields Lane
Sewickley, Pa 15143
741-6384
CHILDS, Mr. Douglas K.
9429 Granzella Rd
Morrison CO 80465
(address from 1984)
*=current as of Pgh. phonebook
for 1992
380
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CURRENT BROWN DESCENDENTS
1991:
BLAIR, Mr. William W. 3d
245 Mel wood Avenue
Pgh., Pa. 15213
412-683-1604
TUCKER, Mr and Mrs Richard B. (Alice H. Reed)
Mr. H. St. George
5458 Aylesboro Avenue
Pgh., Pa. 15217
412-421-2996
FAGAN, Mr. Charles A. 3rd
Mr. Charles A. 4th
jr Mr. James K.E.
"Feltrim"
Box 414
Ligonier, Pa. 15658
412-238-5460
GORDON, William D. (Ellinor B. Reed)
5848 Aylesboro Avenue
Pgh., Pa. 15217
412-421-1681
GORDON, Mr and Mrs John R. (Alice L. Brady)
Miss Amanda R.
1323 Roosevelt Avenue
Pelham Manor, NY 10803
914-738-0720
ORR, Mr and Mrs Charles P. (Paula G. Welles)
5452 Aylesboro Avenue
Pgh., Pa. 15217
412-682-6105
382
CHARLES J. CLARKE
1833-1899
Charles C. Clarke, son of Thomas and Eliza Thaw Clarke, was born in Pittsburgh on
March 15, 1833.
After graduating from Jefferson College in 1852, Clarke entered his father's transport
business, Clarke and Thaw, becoming a partner in 1857. Following his father's death, the
firm was renamed Clarke and Company, and Charles assumed the position of president. He
presided over the company with the aid of his uncle, William Thaw, until 1872 when the
)usiness was dissolved and Clarke retired.
Using the assets from the sale of the company and his family inheritance, Clarke
ater amassed a fortune from speculation in railroads, real estate, and securities. Among the
vealthiest men in Pittsburgh, he then turned his attention to philanthropic activities.
Clarke was associated with a number of charitable organizations, particularly in the
rea of women's education. He served as president of the School of Design for Women and was
ice-president (along with Oliver McClintock) of the Pennsylvania Female College. In
ddition, he was elected to the presidency of both the Allegheny Cemetery and Mercantile
[all Library Company and was active in the YMCA and other religious organizations.
Married in 1857 to Louisa Semple, Clarke was the father to six children: Thompson
fields, Louis Semple, John Semple, James King, Mable Clarke McCrae, and Agnes Clarke
ainter. His death in 1899 was considered a great loss for the city, as The Pittsburgh Bulletin-
idex wrote, "No death. ..has within recent years invoked wider sorrow."
purees:
•offord, Ernest, ed. Encyclopedia of Pennsylvania Biography. New York: the Lewis
Publishing Company, 1928, pp.297-8.
. History of Allegheny County. Pennsylvania. Chicago: A. Warner and
Company, 1889, Vol.1, p.691.
e Pittsburgh Bulletin-Index. December 9, 1899, p.ll.
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CURRENT CLARKE DESCENDENTS
; lOBART, Mr. Edward P.
: 18 Ice Valey Rd.
. iox 418
i )sterville, Md. 02655
< 508) 428-1014
lOBART, Ms. Carol P. Sandum
517 Stanford Dr., NE
Uburquerque, NM. 87106
IOOPER, Mrs. Virginia Anthony
IR1, No.2
loman Lane
4ew London, NH. 03257
603) 526-6769
ILARKE, Mr. Phillips H. Ill
25 E. 81st St.
vIY, NY. 10028
212)570-9614
ILARKE, Mrs. Phillips H.
000 Massachussets Avenue, NW
Vpt. 231
Vashington, D.C. 20016
102) 363-6765
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HENRY CLAY FRICK
1848-1919
Henry Clay Frick was born December 19, 1848 in West Overton, Pa., a fourth generation
American of wealthy parentage. The second of six children, he was named for the Whig leader
and Kentucky Senator Henry Clay.* Receiving his formal education in the brief span of thirty
months (in 1864 and 1865 at the Mt. Pleasant Institute, and for ten weeks at Otterbein College in
Ohio in 1866), Frick entered the business world as quickly as possible.^ After a short stint as a
salesman in Pittsburgh, he returned home to serve as a bookkeeper in his grandfather's
distillery, A. Overholt and Company.
In 1871, Frick founded the coke company that would bear his name. Having survived
the Panic of 1873, Frick sought to expand his business, having acquired additional funds by
brokering the sale of a local railroad to the Baltimore and Ohio Company for $50,000.3 j-jjs
company flourished, and by the age of thirty, Frick had already become a millionaire.
In 1882, Frick reorganized the firm into H.C. Frick Coke Company with two million in
assets and a stock issue of 40,000 shares. Soon after his marriage to Adelaide Childs (in
December 1881), Frick became acquainted with steel magnate Andrew Carnegie, beginning a
long business relationship. In 1889, Frick was entrusted with the reorganization of Carnegie
Brothers Steel, and soon orchestrated the consolidation of several companies into the Carnegie
Steel Company. In 1895, Frick relinquished control as corporate manager, giving greater
autonomy to the newly created position of president. In 1897, he also stepped down as the
president of his own company. In 1899, however, he and Carnegie become embroiled in a dispute
that threatened to end their relationship. Though James Reed helped broker a resolution, their
relationship was never the same, and they remained estranged until their deaths. In 1900,
though J.P. Morgan consolidated both Carnegie Steel Co. and H.C. Frick Co. (as well as thirty
other companies) into U.S. Steel, and Frick became a director of the corporation. The position
was in reality 'he final post in Frick's remarkable career.
Frick's philanthropic activities are too numerous to catalog, although it should be
noted that he left behind after his death an art collection virtually unmatched in this country.
Among other charitable actions, Frick bequeathed a sizable park to the city of Pittsburgh and
gave liberally to Princeton University.
Frick was the father to four children: Henry Clay jr., who died in infancy; Martha
Howard, who died prematurely in 1881; Helen Clay; and Childs.
387
Sources:
1. Dumas Malone, ed. n^narv of American Biography, (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons,
I960), Vol.IV, p.29.
2 . Fnryrlopedia of Ppnnsvlvania Biography. (New York: Lewis Historical
Publishing Company, Inc., 1967), Vol.XXXII, p.4.
3 Dictionary nf American Biography, p.30.
388
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JOHN ARUNAH HARPER
1839-1920
John A. Harper was born on Penn St. in Pittsburgh, June 29, 1839. He was the son of Jo
and Lydia Electa (Melcalf) Harper and nephew of Lecky Harper, Senator of Ohio. John A.
was educated in the Grigg and McDonald Academy of Pittsburgh, the Western University c
Pennsylvania (now Univ. of Pittsburgh), and Kenyon College from which he graduated in t
class of 1860. In the same year, he became employed by the Bank of Pittsburgh National
Association where he served in various positions for 38 years. His influence in the Pittsburj
financial circles was counterpart to that of his father; John Harper, president of the Bank i
Pittsburgh, guided the bank to financial success while John A. Harper, his son, induced tru<
and strengthened public confidence in the banking system.
John A. Harper had numerous other business affiliations including being a director
the Eagle Cotton Mills as well as the Sixth Street Bridge Corporation. Although his
philanthropies were many, especially prominent was the West Penn Hospital, of which H
served as President from 1891 until his resignation in 1898. Harper was a member of the Sor c
the American Revolution, the Western Pennsylvania Historical Society, of which he was
trustee, Alpha Delta Phi fraternity, and the Duquesne Club. His religion was Episcopal^
John A. Harper married Flora Warner Sherburne in Pittsburgh, May 30, 1882. The
were parents of three children; Alberta born December 17, 1883, Horence born August 2, 18}
and Lydia Electa born January 1, 1887. John Arunah Harper died December 28, 1920.
390
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CURRENT HARPER DESCENDENTS
1991:
OLIVER, (Van AkirO-Charlotte Dallas O'Neil
Edward O'Neil
Stoddard M.
George P
7 Wildwood Rd.
Katonah, NY 10536
(914) 232-4996
O'NEIL, Mr and Mrs Edward (Lydia Irish)
619 East Drive
Sewickley, Pa. 15143
(412) 741-4333
392
HENRY HOLDSHIP
1833-1897
Henry Holdship, the Western Pennsylvania oil pioneer, was born in Pittsburgh on Oct.
26, 1833. The son of successful paper manufacturer, George W. Holdship, Henry entered The
Lawrenceville School in New Jersey after years of studying in Pittsburgh. (Curiously, there is
no indication that he entered a university).
After the completion of his studies at Lawrenceville, Henry joined the Pittsburgh bank
of Palmer, Hanna, and Co. Later, with brother Charles, he left the city to open a small
depository in Decorah, Iowa. But his brother's death in 1859 precipitated Henry's return to
Pittsburgh where he became secretary to his cousin, Thomas M. Howe, of the Pittsburgh and
Boston Mining Co.
Holdship tired of his service to his cousin, however, and in 1863, he and his brother,
George, began the pioneer operation of oil fields in Newton, Pa. After Georges*death in 1865,
Henry joined with his brother-in-law, Lewis Irwin (Henry married Maria Irwin in 1860), to
form the oil company of Holdship and Irwin. Despite attempted encroachments from corporate
giant Standard Oil, the new company prospered. By 1879, its output was approximately 5,000
barrels a week and the firm employed fifty men with a payroll exceeding $2,500.
After his retirement in 1886, Holdship became an active patron of the arts in
Pittsburgh. He was one of the incorporators of the Art Society of Pittsburgh and was a founder
of the Pittsburgh Orchestra.
Henry Holdship died on May 11, 1897. He was survived by his wife, Maria, and three
children: Charles Frederick, George Irwin, and Alice Holdship Ware.
Sources:
Edwards, Richard P. Industries of Pittsburgh: Trade. Commerce, and Manufacturing.
Pittsburgh: Richard Edwards, Publisher, 1879, p.86.
Heming, . History of Pittsburgh and Environs. New York: The American Historical
Society, Inc., 1922, Vol.V, pp.188-9.
Jordan, John W. Encyclopedia of Pennsylvania Biography. New York: The Lewis Publishing
Co., 1915, Vol.V, p.1530.
The Pittsburgh Bulletin-Index. May 15, 1897, p.19.
393
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CURRENT HOLDSHIP DESCENDENTS
JONES, Mrs. Benjamin F. IV
11 Main Street
Stonington, Ct. 06378
(203) 535-4340
JONES, Mr. Edward P.
7025 Claremont Dr., Apt. 304
San Diego, CA. 92122
JONES, Mr. Frederick H.
142 Chestnut St.
Boston, MA. 02108
(617) 523-5742
JONES, Mr. Peter D.
17 E. 89th St.
NY, NY 10128
(212) 876-3030
(518) 589-5360
HOLDSHIP, Ms. Margaret M. and Frederica
Davis Lane, Glen Osborne
Sewickley, PA. 15146
(412) 741-4249
395
DURBIN HORNE
1854-1916
Durbin Home, son of the department store founder Joseph Home, was bom in Pittsburgh
in July 1854, just five years after the establishment of the retail chain that bore his family's
name. Educated in local public schools, he then entered the Newell Institute before
matriculating at Yale University in 1872.
After his graduation in 1876, Home began to work at his father's store, learning the
basics of the business before being admitted as a partner in 1882. Along with his father and
partners A.P. 3urchfield and C.B. Shea (the brother of the elder Home's first wife, Mary
Elizabeth Shea), Home oversaw the rapid expansion of the store. In 1892, an additional
building was added to the existing structure located at Penn Avenue. Eleven years later, the
"East Shore" Annex further increased the capacity of the Home's building.
Having survived two great fires and a number of challenges from would-be competitors,
the Home's department store established itself by the turn of the century as a Pittsburgh
institution. After the business was incorporated as Joseph Home Co., Durbin succeeded his
father as president, serving in that capacity until 1915.
Home groomed his half brother, Bernard, as his successor. (Joseph Home remarried
after the 1862 death of his first wife, Mary Elizabeth Shea). After Durbin's death in 1916,
Bernard, along with C. Bernard Shea, son of the founder Christian B. Shea, ran the
corporation, continuing a union between the two families that would last well into the 1940's.
To this day, Home's remains one of Pittsburgh's leading businesses, testament to the
leadership and integrity of Joseph and Durbin Home.
Sources:
Harper, Frank C. Pittsburgh of Today: Its Resources and People. New York: American
Historical Society Inc., Vol.V, p.692.
Jordan, John W. A Century and a Half of Pittsburgh and her People. New York: The Lewis
Publishing Company, 1908.
Jordan, John W. Colonial and Revolutionary Families of Pennsylvania. New York: The Lewis
Publishing Company, 1911, p.1554.
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CURRENT HORNE DESCENDENTS
HORNE, Mr. Dwight A.
90 Wachussett Avenue, Box 426
Hyannisport, MA. 02647
(508) 775-0318
HUMPHREYS, Mrs. Jane M.
Mt. Vernon Street, Box 172
Hyannisport, MA. 02647
HUMPHREYS, Mr. William Y. Ill
300 Harbour Drive, Apt. 104 A
Vero Beach, FL. 32963
(407) 231-9224
MEAGHER, Mrs. Judith H.
10248 Vistadale Drive
Dallas, TX. 75238
(214) 349-1419
398
GEORGE F. HUFF
1842-1912
George F. Huff was born July 16, 1842, in Norristown, Pa., the son of George and Carolyn
Boyer Huff. After attending public schools in Middletown and Altoona Pa., Huff entered the
car shops of the Pennsylvania Railroad in Altoona. He quickly learned the trade of car
finisher, and after three years was "highly recommended" to the banking house of William
Lloyd and Company in Altoona. ^
Huff was immediately successful and after only two years, was called upon to establish
a branch in nearby Ebensburg, Pa. Later, in 1867, he founded the firm of Lloyd, Huff, and Co.,
also known as Greensburg National Bank/ The venture was very ambitious, establishing
branches in Latrobe, Irwin, Ligonier, and Mt. Pleasant. The panic of 1873, however, wiped out
the bank, saddling the firm with a number of debts.
Huff had also been associated with the founding of a number of other banks. In 1871, he
helped organize Farmer's National Bank of Greensburg, which was reorganized by an act of
Congress into the Fifth National Bank of Pittsburgh. Huff served as vice-president until his
resignation in 1876. In 1874, he founded the Greensburg Banking Co., serving as its cashier until
1887.2 In addition to his banking activities, Huff was also involved with the establishment of
numerous coal and coke companies, which were consolidated into the Keystone Coal and Coke
Co., of which he was the president.
Perhaps Huff's greatest achievement, however, was his political career. Elected a
delegate to the 1880 Republican Convention in Chicago, Huff was then a member of the
Pennsylvania State Senate from 1884 to 1888. Subsequently, Huff was elected to Congress as a
representative of the 21st district in the 52nd, 54th, and 58th-61st Congresses.3
Married March 16, 1871 to Henrietta Burrell, Huff was the father to eight children,
four of whom survived to adulthood Lloyd Burrell, Julian Burrell, Carolyn Burrell, and Burrell
Richardson.
Huff died in Washington, D.C on April 18, 1912.
Sources:
1. John W. Jordan. Colonial and revolutionary Families of Pennsylvania, (New York: The
Lewis Publishing Company, 1911). Vol.III, p.1254.
2. Ibid, p.1255.
3. Biographical Directory of the American Congress, (Washington, D.C: United States
Printing Office, 1928), p.1126.
399
CURTIS C. HUSSEY
1840- ?
Curds C. Hussey was born in Pittsburgh on October 23, 1840, the son of Curtis Grubb and
Rebecca Updegraff Hussey. His father, a successful doctor and businessman, had yet to venture
into the steel and mining industries that would ultimately make him both wealthy and
internationally famous. Indeed, as the younger Hussey matured, so did the family's already
significant financial fortunes.
After finishing his education in Cleveland, Curtis C, joined his father's firm of C.G.
Hussey and Company, a manufacturer of sheet metal and brass. Later, he became the chief
manager of Hussey, Wells, and Company, a related mining business. In the early 1870's,
Hussey, along with his brother-in-law Edward Binns, founded the firm of Hussey, Binns, and
Company, a producer of shovels. It was in this capacity, as well as a continued role with
Hussey, Wells, and Co., that he would remain until his death.
Married to Harriet Byram in October 1865, Hussey was the father of six children:
Mabel Hussey Turnbull, Clara Hussey de Villiers, Curtis C, John U., Fred B., and William B.,
who died in infancy.
A member of only the Duquesne Club, Hussey was quite a private man, and little is
known of his social activities.
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CURRENT IRWIN DESCENDENTS
1991:
DRAIN, Mr and Mrs. James A. (Culbertson-Elizabeth I. Liggett)
2727 N. Ocean Blv.
Gulfstream, Fl. 33483
(407) 278-5877
HETHERINGTON, Dr. and Mrs. Arthur F. 3d (Gertrude I. Oliver)
AnnP.H.
Elizabeth P.H.
23 Linden PI.
Sewickley, Pa. 15143
(412) 741-8363
OLIVER, Mr and mrs. David B. 2d (Laura S. Liggett)
Pink House Rd.
Sewickley, Pa. 15143
403
PHILANDER CHASE KNOX
1853-1921
Philander Chase Knox, born in Brownsville, Pa. in 1853, was the embodiment of a
successful attorney and statesman.
Knox's father, David, was a banker, and though by no means wealthy, the family
nevertheless enjoyed social prominence. In 1872, Knox graduated from Mt. Union College (known
today as West Virginia University) and immediately undertook a rigorous legal training. After
passing the Pennsylvania Bar in 1875 and briefly serving as District Attorney for Western
Pennsylvania, he helped found in 1877 with associate James Reed, the Pittsburgh firm that
bore their names.
Three years later, Philander Knox married Lillie Smith, the daughter of a local steel
executive. The marriage augmented Knox's already close relationship with area business
interests, and Knox and Reed flourished throughout the period.
In 1897, Knox was elected president of the Pennsylvania Bar Association. Two years
later, President William McKinley offered the position of United States Attorney General.
Because he was deeply immersed in the formation of the Carnegie Steel Company, however,
Knox declined the appointment. But in 1901, he agreed to become Attorney General, serving
until the spring of 1904. Subsequently, he was appointed by Pa. Governor Samuel W.
Pennypaker to fill the vacant position of U.S. Senator and was re-elected to a six year term in
Nov. 1904. In 1909, Knox resigned from the Senate to become Secretary of State under President
William Taft. There, Knox wielded considerable power, not only formulating the "dollar
diplomacy" of the era, but in cabinet selections as well. He was instrumental in the
appointment of Pittsburgh banker Andrew Mellon as Secretary of the Treasury who, with
Knox, helped dictate a decidedly pro-business national agenda. In 1913, Knox returned to his
Pittsburgh law practice, only to return to the Senate in 1916. There he fought resolutely against
the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles, ultimately forcing a separate peace settlement
with Austria and Germany. Just three months after this significant victory, Knox suddenly fell
ill and died in Oct. 1921, ending a brilliant public and private career.
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CURRENT KNOX DESCENDENTS
TINDLE, Mr. James K.
74 Pasture Lane, Apt. 310
Bryn Mawr, PA. 19010
TINDLE, Mr. Robert McGuire
Ryan Road
Unionville, Pa. 19375
(215) 869-9245
1988:
TINDLE, Mr. Robert McGuire III
419 Stafford Avenue
Wayne, Pa. 19087
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CURRENT LAWRENCE DESCENDENTS
MILLER, Mrs. Elizabeth Schaff
N.4 Heritage Cove, 85 River Drive
Essex, Ct. 06426
SCHAFF, Mr. Walter
2326 Selma Avenue
Youngtown, OH. 44504
(216) 746-2316
MILLER, Mr. Danforth III
Copake, NY 12516
408
JOHN G.A. LEISHMAN
1857-1924
Of all the Pittsburgh businessmen prominent during the late nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries, perhaps none shared a story as remarkable as John G.A. Leishman. Born
March 28, 1857, Leishman and his sister Martha were placed in the Protestant Orphan Asylum
outside of Pittsburgh in 1865 after their mother was unable to cope with her husband's death.
Though Martha quickly found a home, her brother remained in the orphanage until 1869 when
his mother returned to bring him to the city to begin work.
After working twelve years at the steel manufacturer Schoenberger and Co., Leishman
started his own furnace, only to abandon the venture to form Leishman and Snyder, an iron and
steel brokerage. It was through this company that Leishman became an associate of Andrew
Carnegie, the Pittsburgh steel Magnate. In 1886, at Carnegie's request, he dissolved Leishman
and Snyder to become, at 29, the vice-president of Carnegie Brothers, Limited. Later, when the
business was consolidated into the Carnegie Steel Company, Leishman ascended to the
presidency.
In June 1897, President McKinley appointed Leishman "envoy extraordinaire and
minister plenipotentiary" to Switzerland, beginning fifteen years of continuous national
service. In 1900, he became minister to Turkey and was appointed the first U.S. ambassador to
Turkey in 1906. Later, Leishman was also ambassador to Italy and Germany before leaving
government service in 1913.
Leishman's daughters captured the fancy of Pittsburghers during this period with their
marriages to European royalty. His elder daughter Martha wed Count Louis de Contaut Brion of
France, her sister Nancy was betrothed in 1910 to an Austrian, Karl, Duke of Croy.
After a remarkable career in both business and government, Leishman died on March 27,
1924. His legacy was one of hard work and success - a Dickensian fairy-tale come true.
Sources:
Nevin, Adelaide M., The Social Mirror. Pittsburgh: T.W. Nevin Company, 1888.
Malone, Dumas, ed. Dictionary of American Biography. New York: Charles Scribners Sons,
1961, Vol.VI, p.1332.
The Pittsburgh Bulletin-Index. Nov. 13, 1913, p.10.
The Pittsburgh Bulletin-Index. Nov. 29, 1913, p.10.
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JESSE H. LIPPINCOTT
1842-1894
Jesse H. Lippincott was born February 18, 1842 at Mt. Pleasant, Westmoreland County.
He was the son of the merchant Joseph H. and Eliza (Strickler) Lippincott. His family
connection is large; his great-great-great grandparents were Richard and Abigail Lippincott
from England and Richard was a descendent in the twelfth generation from Robert de
Lughencott who in the reign of Henry II held the Manor of Hughcott, Devonshire. The family
was granted 8 coats of arms form the College of Heralds.
Jesse H. enlisted in the Civil War and served three years in the Twenty-eighth
regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, after which he returned to Pittsburgh and entered the
grocery business with a store at the corner of Smithfield Street and Second Avenue. A few
/ears later, he began the Rochester Tumbler Company, which grew to be the largest tumbler
Ttanufacturer in the world. He was one of the original stockholders in the Bell Telephone
Zompany, Hostetter Coke Company, and the Wheeling and Bridgewater Gas Company. Also,
ne held the positions of President of the Braddock National Bank, one of the directors of the
"ifth National Bank of Pittsburgh and the First National Bank of Rochester.
In addition, Jesse H. settled the estate of C.P.Markle & Sons valued at $1,000,000, and
vas the founder of the Banner Baking Powder Company. He purchased the Edison
'honograph Company and spent the rest of his lives effort to bring the phonograph, which
vas before its time, into popular use: Jesse H. brought the first phonograph to Pittsburgh. It
vas while in this endeavor that his health began to fail him and he was advised by
ihysicians to live a quieter life. He chose to do so in Newton Center, Ma.
Jesse H. was married and had three children. He was a member of the Fourth Avenue
Japtist Church of Pittsburgh, where for several years he was trustee and treasurer. Jesse H.
.ippincott died in Newton Center, Ma. on April 18, 1894 of brain paralysis. Rev. Lemuel C.
Jarnes, the pastor of Fourth Avenue Baptist Church, conducted the funeral in Newton Center,
esse H. was buried in Homewood Cemetery in Pittsburgh.
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WALTER LOWRIE MCCLINTOCK
1841-1911
Walter Lowrie McClintock was born June 18, 1841, the second son of Washington and
Eliza Thompson McClintock. Receiving his secondary education at Phillips Andover,
McClintock entered Yale University in the late 1850's.
At the beginning of the Civil War, however, McClintock left Yale to enlist in
Pittsburgh's "City Guards," a privately equipped and uniformed militia. Later, the group was
amalgamated into Company K, 12th Regiment of the Pennsylvania Volunteers of the Union
Army. Despite his involvement in the war, McClintock was able to complete his studies at
Yale and received his B.A. in 1862.
After studying a year at Columbia University Law School, McClintock abandoned the
legal field and entered his brother's carpet business, Oliver McClintock and Company, in
1864. In that same year, he married Mary Clement Garrison, daughter of prominent
businessman Abraham Garrison. This union resulted in McClintock becoming a director of the
Abraham Garrison Foundry as well as a member of the board for the Sake Deposit and Trust
Company of Pittsburgh. It was in these capacities in addition to those at Oliver McClintock
and Company, that Walter would serve until his death in 1911.
Active in philanthropy and the city's social scene, Walter, by the time of his death,
was one of Pittsburgh's best loved citizens. As the Pittsburgh Bulletin eulogized in 1911,
McClintock's extended illness "served to bring out.. .the nobler and Christ-like qualities of his
soul." Survived by his wife and sons, Clarence Oliver and A. Garrison, McClintock left behind
a legacy of generosity and success.
Sources:
Godcharles, Frederick A. Encyclopedia of Pennsylvania Biography. New York: Lewis
Publishing Company, 1945, Vol.XXV, pp.488-493.
Nevin, Adelaide M. The Social Mirror. Pittsburgh: T.W. Nevin Company, 1988.
The Pittsburgh Bulletin-Index. March 11, 1911, p.4.
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MAXWELL KENNEDY MOORHEAD
1832-1897
Maxwell K. Moorhead was born September 6, 1832 in Huntington, Pa. to Gen. and Mrs.
James Kennedy Moorhead. The family moved to Pittsburgh in 1836.
Maxwell K. studied at Western University and afterward became employed with
Philip and Henry Graff, old time merchants of the city. In 1850, he became assistant in his
fathers work of constructing the Southfork reservoir. Subsequently, he became involved in
important railroad contracts in the eastern Pennsylvania. He lived in Williamsport, where he
met Mary Heberton whom he married in 1855.
They returned to Pittsburgh and Maxwell K., in 1856, became a partner with Dewees
Wood and George F. McCleane in the iron business firm of Wood, Moorhead and Company in
McKeesport. In 1859, the business, then called Moorhead and Company, moved to Soho where
Soho blast furnace, sheet and rolling mills, and galvinizing works were built. Maxwell K.
continued in active business until 1894 when Moorhead and Company became the property of
Pittsburgh Steel and Iron Manufacturers.
In addition, Maxwell K. was involved in other businesses in the city. At the death of
his father, who was foremost in slackwatering the Mononghela, Maxwell K. became president
of the Mononghela Navigation Company, a post he held until his death. He was also the
director of Pittsburgh Insurance Company and Exchange National Bank. In the Civil War, he
quartermaster of the Thirteenth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers.
Maxwell Kennedy and Mary (Herberton) Moorhead had one child, a daughter, who
died around 1882 and two grandchildren; William Halsey. Moore head and Mrs. Bruce (Marie
H.) Millard. Maxwell K. died January 13, 1897.
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1991:
MOORHEAD, Mr and Mrs Rodman W. (Alice B. Kerr)
55 E. 66 St.
SJY, NY 10021
(212) 861-1567
'Buttonwood Farm"
RD2
West Grove, Pa. 19390
.215) 869-2737
ERODES, Mrs. W. Glenn (Jean Henninger)
David G French
John M. French
5125 Fifth Ave.
5gh., Pa. 15232
412) 621-8580
984:
iRODES, Dr and Mrs Charles H. (Ellen J. McCaslin)
:25 Locust St.
5gh., Pa. 15218
412) 241-7571
417
WILLIAM MULLINS
1824-1893
William Mullins was born in Ireland, near Dublin, in 1824. he studied civil engineering
at Trinity College in Ireland and obtained an excellent reputation in Ireland as a draftsman. He
achieved the position of Chief Civil Engineer of Public Works.
In 1848, Mullins came to America and became employed as civil engineer of the Genesse
Valley Canal where he remained for a while. Then he moved to Steubenville, Ohio where he
became involved in railroad contracting on the old Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad. There
he met and married Lucy Bustard in 1857.
During the Civil War, Mullins became associated with the Pennsylvania Railroad and
was of great help to the government in transporting troops and supplies. Around 1863, he was
promoted to purchasing agent of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and lived in Allegheny
City in Pittsburgh. He remained in that position until his death.
Mr. and Mrs. Mullins had three children; Annie Esther born March 1858, William James
born August 21, 1860, Edwin Stanton born March 13, 1869. William Mullins was a patron of the
fines arts and a scholarly man who collected a large library. He died August 19, 1893 in Cresson,
where he was taken to take fresh mountain air in hopes of recovery, due to a tumor in his
stomach.
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CURRENT MULLINS DECENDENTS
1991:
RATHER, Margaret B. (Margaret J. Bakewell)
3853 Del Monte St.
Houston, Tx. 77019
(713) NA2-5808
BAKEWELL, Dorothy Jennings (Strong-Kelly-Stent-Dorothy J. Bakewell)
1725 Kearny St.
SF, Ca. 94133
(415) 398-1670
SIMMONS, Mr and Mrs Cheston (Bakewell-Emily A. Ames)
Pickering House
RD2
Phoenixville, Pa. 19460
BAKEWELL, Jenifer J.
76 Strawberry Lane
Yarmouth Port, Ma. 02675
1984:
RATHER, Mr. Roy R.
2120 Pelham St.
Houston Tx. 77019
"Nassau Plantation"
Round Top, Tx. 78954
420
ROBERT PITCAIRN
1836-1909
Robert Pitcairn was born May 6, 1836 in Johnstone, Scotland, the son of parents who had only
recently returned from the United States. Ten years later they returned to the U.S., and young Robert
finished his rudimentary education in local public schools. In 1850, after Andrew Carnegie had
recommended Pitcairn to his bosses at the Atlantic and Ohio Telegraph Company, Pitcairn was hired as
i messenger in the Pittsburgh office. He studied the business carefully, and was quickly promoted to be
in operator.
In the early 1850's, Pitcairn was transferred to Holidaysburg, Pa. to serve as a ticket agent and
elegraph operator for the Pennsylvania Railroad.1 When the line from the middle part of the state
vas completed, Pitcairn was transferred to the Altoona, Pa. division. He remained there as
luperintendent of the middle division until 1861, with the exception of 1859, when he was transferred to
7ort Wayne, In. to supervise the completion of the line there.
In the early 1860's, when the Pennsylvania Railroad was divided into three, rather than four as
t had previously been, the position of Transportation Secretary was created for Pitcairn. In addition,
he Civil War taxed him as well. He was responsible for for the supervision of troop movements for the
Jnion Army, aside from his normal responsibilities with the company.
Finally, in 1865, Pitcairn rose to his ultimate dream; the superintendent of the Pittsburgh
)ivision. There he would remain until his death in 1909. An active member of the Pittsburgh business
Dmmunity, Pitcairn held a number of significant positions. He was a director of the following
Dmpanies: The Masonic Bank, The Citizens National Bank of Pittsburgh, First National Bank of
reensburg, The American Surety Company, and The Philadelphia Gas Company. 2
Married to Elizabeth Rigg, Pitcairn was the father to four children: Robert jr., Agnes L., Lillian,
i id Susie.
) )urces:
• The Biographical Encyclopedia of Pennsylvania of the Nineteenth Century.
Philadelphia: Galaxy Publishing Co., 1874, p.556.
• Encyclopedia of Contemporary Biography of Pennsylvania. New York: Atlantic
Publishing and Engraving Company, 1889, Vol.1, p.181.
] ie Pittsburgh Bulletin. July 31, 1903.
' illiamson, Leland M., et al. Prominent and Progressive Pennsylvanians of the Nineteenth Century.
Philadelphia: The Record Publishing Company, 1898.
421
DR. DAVID NEVIN RANKIN
1834-1901
Dr. David Nevin Rankin, born in Shippensburg, Pa. , October 27, 1834, was the second
son of Dr. William and Caroline (Nevin) Rankin. Their other children were as follows;
Joseph P., Mrs. George B. Johnston, Mrs. Mary A. Moody, Mrs. J. A. McCune, Mrs. John P. Miller,
and Mrs. Robert A. Hays.
Dr. Rankin received his early education at Newville. At the age of seventeen, he took
interest in the field of medicine after studying with his father. David N. took a degree in
medicine from the Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia from which he graduated in
1854. After school, Rankin went into practice with his father until the outbreak of the Civil
War. During this time he contracted a cold which caused several attacks of hemorrhaging of
the lungs. Due to his impaired physical condition caused by this illness, Rankin could not
enter the regular army as Assistant Surgeon, but he received a commission as a acting assistant
surgeon in the United States Army. While in this post, he helped to open many Army
hospitals. He was stationed first at Camp Curtin in Harrisburg, then in charge of Douglas and
Epiphany Church Hospital in Washington, D.C., and at the end of the war, he was put in
charge of the West Penn Hospital in Pittsburgh. In 1864, Rankin was appointed as attending
surgeon at the Western penitentiary where he remained for thirty-six years.
Rankin was a member of many organizations including; the State and Allegheny
County Medical Societies for his entire professional practice, Laryngological Association, the
Masonic fraternity for over sixty years, the Junior Order United American Mechanics, Abe
Patterson Post No. 88, G.A.R., the United Workmen, the American Prison Association, and the
North Presbyterian Church. Also, in 1890, he was a delegate to the International Medical
Convention, in Berlin.
After the Civil War, David Nevin Rankin married Katherine Irwin, daughter of
Henry Irwin, Esq. of Allegheny City. They also resided in Allegheny where they together
had three children; Henry Irwin, Elizabeth, and Edith Nevin.
David Nevin Rankin died on January 1, 1901 due to lung trouble.
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CURRENT RANKIN DESCENDENTS
1991:
CHILDS, Mr and Mrs Richard H.L. (Lora G. Barzin)
Lisa C.
365 Peachtree Battle Ave. NW
Atlanta, Ga. 30305
(404) 355-9718
CAMPBELL, Mr and Mrs Edmund C. (Ward-Gordon-Campbell-Winifred E. Miller)
Miss Katharine G. Gordon
6259 N 73 way
Scottsdale Az. 85250
(602) 991-7715
207 Kensington Court, Foxhall
Pgh, Pa. 15238
(412) 963-6969
SYMINGTON, Mr J.Fife
3717 Butler Rd.
GlyndonMd 21071
(301) 833-3632
FRICK, Mr and Mrs Henry Clay 2d ( du Pont-Emily G. Troth)
Richard S, du Pont
David W. du Pont
Box 178
Closter Dock Rd.
Alpine, NJ 07620
(201) 758-2258
BLANCHARD, Mr Peter P.
Peter P. jr
274 Old Short Hills Rd.
Short Hills NJ 07078
(201) 376-4696
424
JAMES HAY REED
1853-1927
James Hay Reed, the son of Joseph and Eliza Hay Reed, was born September 10, 1853
i Allegheny, Pa. (now a part of Pittsburgh). Educated at public schools, he later
latriculated at Western University of Pennsylvania, graduating in 1872. Reed then studied
w in the office of his uncle David, the U.S. District Attorney for Pittsburgh. After passing
ie bar in 1875, he remained there until his uncle's death in 1877.
In that year, Reed, along with associate Philander Chase Knox, founded the firm of
nox and Reed, which immediately prospered. In 1891, Reed was appointed Federal District
i dge for Western Pennsylvania by the then-President William McKinley. After Knox left
I e firm for a career in government service, the office was reorganized in 1901 as Reed, Smith,
iaw, and Beal, with Reed as its senior partner.
In addition to his legal career, Reed was involved heavily in business. He helped
ganize U.S. Steel, and was a member of its board of directors for twenty years. He was also
e president of both the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad and Union Railway Company, as
2ll as the Reliance Insurance Company of Pittsburgh. Perhaps Reed's most significant
hievement, however, was his role in settling the bitter dispute between Andrew Carnegie
d Henry Clay Frick in the late 1890's.2
Devoted to philanthropy, Reed held a number of charitable positions. He
tablished the Pittsburgh Skin and Cancer Foundation, and was a director of the Western
nnsylvania Hospital. He was also a board member and treasurer of Carnegie Technical
" stitute and the Carnegie Hero Fund Commission, serving in those positions until his death
June 17, 1927.
Married to Katharine J. Aiken in June 1878, Reed was the father of four children:
i >eph H., David A., James H. jr., and Mrs. Katherine Frazer.
: urces:
Dunas Malone, ed. Dictionary of American Biography, (New York: Charles Scribners Sons,
1935), Vol.VIII, p.449.
. The Story of Pittsburgh and Vicinity, (Pittsburgh, Pa.: Pittsburgh Gazette
Times, 1908), p.87.
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JAMES MARTINUS SCHOONMAKER
1842-1927
James Martinus Schoonmaker, the oldest of nine, was born June 30, 1842 in Allegheny to James
:. and Mary (Stockton) Schoonmaker. James M. attended Western University which he left at the
! utbreak of the Civil War to enlist as a private in the Army of the Potomac. In November 1862, James
1 1, received a commission as colonel of the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry. In 1864, he was again
:romoted to command the First Brigade, First Cavalry Division of the Army of the Shenandoah and
>mained in that position until the end of the war.
After the war, although still active in military affairs such as being a member of the board of
lanagers of the Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hall, he engaged in private business. At first, he was
j ivolved in mining and shipping of coal, but in 1872, when he married Alice W. Brown, he went into
ie coke business with her father William H. Brown. After Browns death, James M. inherited the
onnellsville coke branch. Also, he was the chairman of the Redstone Coke Company and the
i orewood Coke Company and owned Alice Mines. He sold his coke business to the H.C. Frick Coke
Dmpany.
Subsequently, James M. entered into banking and the railroad business. He and a few other
isinessmen organized the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad Company. In 1877, he was elected as a
ember of the board of directors and served in that position for fifty years culminating in being
3Cted chairman of the board in 1918, a position he held up until his death. In the banking business,
mes M. was vice-president and a director of the Union Trust Company of Pittsburgh, a director of
ellon National Bank, and Union Savings Bank.
In addition, James M. Schoonmaker was involved in other organizations. He was president of
i Western Pennsylvania Association for the Blind, and a member of the Pittsburgh Athletic
sociation, Pittsburgh Golf Club, Duquesne Club, and the Church of toe Ascension of Pittsburgh and
rious others groups.
Alice W. (Brown) Schoonmaker and James M. had one son, William H. Alice died in 1881 and
nes M. remarried Rebekah Cook. Together they had two children; Gretchen Vandervoort and James
irtinus jr.
James Martinus Schoonmaker died October 11, 1927 following an operation on his appendix.
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CURRENT SCHOONMAKER DESCENDENTS
^91:
li ZHOONMAKER, James M. 2d
[ )55 Douglas Rd.
. iami Fl. 33133
'. 05) 667-6626
429
JAMES ERNEST SCHWARTZ
1843-1900
James Ernest Schwartz was born in 1843 in Allegheny. He was the son of Jacob L.
Schwartz, a leading businessman of that era in the twin cities and a member of the lead
manufacturing firm of Fahnstock, Schwartz, and Hazlett. James E. acquired his business
training from his father and worked with him in the lead business. After Jacob L.'s death,
James E. dissolved his father firm and went into the lead business himself.
At the time of his death, James E. Schwartz was president of the Pennsylvania
Smelting Company of Utah and Pennsylvania Lead Company of Pittsburgh. For a while, also,
he was a director of the Bank of Pittsburgh. His religion was Presbyterian and he was a
member of the Third Presbyterian Church from early on in his life. He was also a member of
the Duquesne Club.
James E. fought in the Civil War as a Lieutenant in the Twenty-second United States
Infantry and later in the war he was transferred to the famous Knap's Battery. In the end of
the war, he served in the Subsistence Committee to help care for his fellow soldiers. Later in
his life, he was a well regarded member of the Loyal Legion and the Society of the Army of
the Potomac.
In 1868, James E. married Emma Nicholson and they had two sons; Frank Nicholson
and John Loeser Schwartz. James Ernest Schwartz died at Hotel Bellevue in Dresden,
Germany on May 16, 1900. He had gone to Germany in November on the advise of his
physicians due to failing health which had begun a year before. Around 1921 his two sons and
around 1930 his wife, for unknown reasons, changed their last name to Black.
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CALVIN WELLS
1827-1909
Calvin Wells was born in Genesee County, N.Y. on December 26, 1827 to Mr. and Mrs. Calvin
/Veils, Sr. He received a common public school education in the county of his birth, but had always
wanted a better education than he had been given. In 1847, Calvin Wells wrote his brother, Rev.
Samuel Taggart Wells about this subject who responded warmly and invited Calvin to move to
'ittsburgh to live with him and attend the Western University. Calvin Wells did so and remained
here until 1849 after which he worked in the dry goods store of Benjamin Glyde.
In 1850, Wells came into contact with Dr. C.G. Hussey and two years later began a pork and
>acon business with him of the name Hussey and Wells. This business continued until 1859 when it
>ecame called Hussey, Wells and Co. and became specialized in steel manufacturing . Wells was
oon made manager, then sent east to learn all he could about steel, and upon his return he
ompletely sunk himself into the business which grew rapidly as a world competitor. In 1876, he
old his share of the firm and engaged in the railway elliptic spring business owning half of the
irm of A French and Co. The next year, he joined in the purchasing of the Philadelphia Press,
n 1878, he was chosen as president and treasurer of the Pittsburgh Forge and Iron Company of which
>ositions he held for some time.
Calvin Wells also engaged in other business interests including being president and treasurer
< f the Illinois Zinc Company, a director of the Exchange National Bank of Pittsburgh and
Consolidated Gas Company, and associated with the Chartiers Natural Gas Company. He was a
"tember and trustee of the Third Presbyterian Church.
In 1854, Calvin Wells married Annie Glyde, daughter of Benjamin Glyde. She died in 1859
i nd in 1861 he was remarried to Mary (Glyde) Chaffey. To them were born four children; a son who
i ied at one year, Mary C, Benjamin Glyde, and Anna.
After working a full day, Calvin Wells died of sudden heart failure, on August 2, 1909, in his home on
I ie Northside.
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CURRENT WELLS DESCENDENTS
1991:
BOESEL, Mr and Mrs Kenneth S. (Louise D. Marsh)
4609 Bayard St.
Pgh. Pa. 15213
(412) 683-6834
BOESEL, Mr and Mrs Peter M. (Minnette C. Bickel)
7811 Meadowvale Drive
Houston Tx 77063
(713) 781-5814
ERVING, Mr. Rowland
Rowland jr
137 Springhouse Lane
Pgh., Pa 15238
(412) 963-1770
435
APPENDIX A.3. PROPERTY TRANSACTIONS
Purchases by South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club, 1880 - 1887
Deed, John Reilly, et ux, to South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club.
3/15/1880, Cambria County Deed Book 4: 319-322.
500 acres, 54 perches; $2,000
Deed, Jacob Wendell to South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club.
9/20/1880, recorded 3/17/1881, Cambria County Deed Book 44: 830-2.
49 acres; $1,107.34
Deed, Christian Moyer to South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club.
12/23/1881, Cambria County Deed Book 46: 461-463.
3 acres, 143 perches; $70.23
Deed, Gabriel Donmyer, et ux, to South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club.
7/12/1882, recorded 8/4/1882, Cambria County Deed Book 47: 620-622.
3 acres, 118 perches (part of lake); $373.75
Deed, Joseph Varner, et ux, to South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club.
7/21/1882, recorded 8/4/1882, Cambria County Deed Book 47: 622-623.
31 perches (part of lake); $7.75
Deed, Samuel Miller and Sarah Miller to South Fork Fishing and Hunting
Club.
4/16/1884, recorded 4/23/1884, Cambria County Deed Book 52: 50.
10 acres, 94 perches; $370.56
Deed, George Fisher and Wife to South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club.
8/19/1885, recorded 9/11/1885, Cambria County Deed Book 54: 576.
.57 acres; $20.
Deed, Henry Burnett and Wife to South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club.
3/4/1886, Cambria County Deed Book 56: 82.
Strip of ground 25 feet wide; $25.
Deed, Elias J. Unger et ux to South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club.
1/20/1887, Cambria County Deed Book 57: 409-411.
4 acres, 128 perches (part of lake); $192.
437
Land Leases
Articles of Agreement, South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club with D.W.C.
Bidwell.
1/23/1888, Cambria County Deed Book 229: 454.
99-year lease on Lot 18; $1.
Articles of Agreement, South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club with P. C.
Knox.
1/14/1888, recorded 8/18/1911, Cambria County Deed Book 234: 468.
99-year lease on Lot 16; $1.
Mortgage and Foreclosure, 1888 - 1891
Mortgage, South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club to Henry Holdship and Ben
Thaw.
5/l/1889,Cambria County Mortgage Book 14: 268-279.
$36,000(?)
Foreclosure, 1891.
Note: This document is referred to in several other deeds and dated as
9/9/1891, but the paperwork has not been located.
Sales by South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club, 1891 - 1903
Deed, South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club by Sheriff to E. B. Alsip, Trustee.
Recorded 6/26/1901, Cambria County Deed Book 137: 61-66.
9 parcels totalling 624 acres, 120 perches:
1. 10 acres, 94 perches (Miller parcel)
2. land between above parcel and South Fork Fishing and Hunting
Club
3. .57 acres (Fisher parcel)
4. 31 perches (Varner parcel)
5. 49 acres (Wendell parcel)
6. 3 acres, 118 perches (Donmyer parcel)
7. 25 foot strip (Burtnett parcel)
8. 3 acres, 143 perches (Mover parcel)
9. 500 acres, 54 perches (Reilly parcel)
Deed, by Sheriff Elmer E. Davis to E. B. Alsop.
6/11/1902 (intended to be recorded, according to 152:303, 2/17/1903.)
Deed, Maria Holdship et al to C. F. Holdship.
12/24/1902, recorded 2/24/1903, Cambria County Deed Book 147: 622
-623.
438
Deed, Charles J. Clark's Executors to E. B. Alsop.
12/26/1902, recorded 2 /24/1903, Cambria County Deed Book 155:
119-120.
All interests in land conveyed by Sheriff Stineman to Alsop, 9/9/1891.
Deed, Women's Industrial Exchange to E. B. Alsop.
1/28/1903, recorded 2/24/1903, Cambria County Deed Book U7: 620
-622.
All interests in land conveyed by Sheriff Stineman to Alsop, 9/9/1891.
Deed, Harriet A. Hussey et al to E. B. Alsop.
2/20/1903, recorded 2/24/1903, Cambria County Deed Book 152: 302.
All interest of C. Curtiss Hussey; $1 .
Sales by Subsequent Owners, 1903 - 1907
Deed, E. B. Alsop et al (John A. Harper and Flora S. Harper, J. H. Reed & Kate
J. Reed, C. F. Holdship, Hattie L. Catlett, J. S. McCord & Margaret P.
McCord, Lewis Irwin & Emma A. Irwin) to George M. Harshberger.
2/17/1903, recorded 2/24/1903, Cambria County Deed Book U7: 624
-631.
Same 9 parcels totalling 624 acres, 120 perches listed above.
Lists outstanding bond holders at time of mortgage foreclosure in 1891:
Charles J. Clark, Henry Holdship, C. C. Hussey, John A. Harper, Lewis
Irwin, Honorable J. H. Reed, Miss Ann Peterson, and Women's
Industrial Exchange of Pittsburg and Allegheny City; and James S.
McCord of Philadelphia.
Deed, E. B. Alsop and Wife to George M. Harshberger.
2/17/1903, recorded 2/24/1903, Cambria County Deed Book 152: 303.
49 acres plus "a number of cottages, houses, etc."; $363.38
"Saving, excepting and reserving therefrom all right, title, and interest
which may inhere to any and all lots upon which cottages or other
buildings have been erected by virtue of leases cr permits to build
given by the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club to members
thereof."
Deed, George M. Harshberger et ux to George M. Wertz.
1/9/1907, recorded 1/14/1907, Cambria County Deed Book 195: 180
-185.
Same 9 parcels as in 147: 624.
Deed, George M. Harshberger et ux to George M. Wertz.
5/15/1907, Cambria County Deed Book 201: 253 - 253b.
Same parcel as 152-303. Property conveyed by Commissioners to
grantor by deed of 2/2/1903 as property of Jesse Lippencott and J. M.
Brown; and by Treasurer to grantor by deed of 12/1/1902 to grantor as
439
property of Louis Irwin, Catharine Rankin, J. J. Lawrence, M. B.
Suydam, Calvin Wells, H. A. Hussey, and John Rorabaugh (intended
to be recorded forthwith) and their rights in property as described in
152-303.
Subdivision, 1907 - 1911
Land apparently parcelled and sold by George M. Wertz:
+ 30 acres to Sechler in 1907
+ 31 acres to Maryland Coal in 1907
+ 382 acres to Wilmore Coal in 1911
About 300 acres are unaccounted for.
Clubhouse, 1907 - present
1920 John L. Sechler lost to Title Trust
Deed, Sheriff Roscoe C. Custer to Title Trust and Guarantee
Company of Johnstown.
12/11/1920, Cambria County Deed Book 183: 641.
Deed, Title Trust and Guarantee Company of Johnstown to James W.
Cruikshank, Jr.
8/8/1921, Cambria County Deed Book 339: 655.
Deed, James W. Cruikshank, Jr. et ux to Anne Cruikshank et al.
1/26/1938, Cambria County Deed Book 481: 4.
Deed, Janet Cruikshank Hoffman et al to Albert Clement and Lucy Clement.
3/29/1950, Cambria County Deed Book 712: 731.
Deed, Albert Clement and Lucy Clement to Francis Poldiak and Clara Poldiak.
1/28/1958, Cambria County Deed Book 708: 440.
Deed, Michael Poldiak et ux to Stanley J. Pinkas and Stella A. Pinkas.
12/26/1961, Cambria County Deed Book 762: 627.
Deed, to George N. Kercic.
6/2/1972, Cambria County Deed Book 936: 7.
Deed, to Allan J. Curtis,
Pauline M. Curtis et al.
5/26/1984, Cambria County Deed Book 1130: 441.
440
Brown Cottage, 1907 - present
Deed, Maryland Coal Company to Wilmore Coal Company.
12/21/1933, Cambria County Deed Book 498: 626.
Deed, Wilmore Coal Company to Berwind White Coal Mining Company.
1/10/1955, Cambria County Deed Book 651: 843.
Deed, Berwind White Coal Mining Company to Clarence & Margaret Singer.
6/21/1955, Cambria County Deed Book 658: 743.
Deed, Clarence and Margaret Singer to Michael P. Zubal.
9/13/1979, Cambria County Deed Book 1057: 116.
Deed, Michael P. Zubal to Winston Corporation.
5/23/1985, Cambria County Deed Book 1150: 220.
Deed, Winston Corporation to The 1889 South Fork Fishing and Hunting
Club Historical Preservation Society.
7/16/1991, Cambria County Deed Book 1254: 49.
Moorhead Cottage, 1907 - present
Deed, Maryland Coal Company to Wilmore Coal Company.
12/21/1933, Cambria County Deed Book 498: 626.
Deed, Wilmore Coal Company to Berwind White Coal Mining Company.
1/10/1955, Cambria County Deed Book 651: 843.
Deed, Berwind White Coal Mining Company to Agnes Patterson and Robert
Patterson (she died 12/27/1962).
5/16/1955, Cambria County Deed Book 658: 29.
Deed, Robert Patterson to Richard William Walters & Gloria Maxine Walters.
8/15/1965, Cambria County Deed Book 864: 235.
Deed, Joseph P. Roberts, Joseph B. Gorman, Raymond B. Johnson, County
Commissioners, to Gloria Walters.
1/16/1967, Cambria County Deed Book 833: 80.
Deed, Sheriff to Mary D. Corbett.
7/24/1970, Cambria County Deed Book 911: 80.
Deed, Mary D. Corbett to Winston Corporation.
1/6/1986, Cambria County Deed Book 1163: 682.
441
Deed, Winston Corporation to The 1889 South Fork Fishing and Hunting
Club Historical Preservation Society.
5/11/1990, Cambria County Deed Book 1236: 155.
442
PENDIX A.4. ORAL HISTORY RESOURCES
lyn Miller Brunberg
0 467-7309
i. Ray Hayman
11, #417, Kreslo
Michael, PA 15951
I) 495-5808
it Cruikshank Hoffman
'■i Thomas Avenue
cnstown, PA
I •) 536-3725
'I Knudsen
I) 266-5525
/. and Mrs. Harry Patterson
9: ,) 776-0306
)< line Singer
1 ) 456-0620
nn Singer Slanoc
1 econd Street
mfeld, PA 15956
8 ) 495-5973
M )drow Wingard
'( W. Campus
I idsville, PA 15928
8' ) 479-4222
443
APPENDIX A.5.
MEMBERSHIP LISTS
The following two lists identify men believed to have belonged to the South Fork Fishing
and Hunting Club. The first list of sixty was handwritten in the final pages of the Guest
Register (126 - 127), now located in the Johnstown Flood Museum Archives. The second
list of sixty-one was published in the Tribune after the flood. Only thirty-eight names
appear on both lists. Neither list has been documented as a totally reliable source.
Guest Register, c.1886
B. F. Ruff
C. C. Hussey
H. Hartley
Jno. D. Hunt
H. Holdship
M. B. Suydam
J. J. Lawrence
C. B. Shea
Jno. B. Jackson
O. McClintock
W. L. McClintock
F. T. McClintock
Jno. F. Wilcox
B. Thaw
F. Semple
F. B. Laughlin
W. T. Fundenberg
W. T. Dunn
D. C. Phillips
E. J. Unger
H. C. Yeager
D. R. Ewart
C. A. Carpenter
C. J. Clarke
Thos. S. Clarke
H. C. Frick
F. T. Bissel
R. C. Gray
Jno. Caldwell, Jr.
Jno. W. Chalfant
Jas. K. Ewing
H. J. Brunot
Jas. McGreggor
Robt. Pitcairn
Wm. Mullins
W. A. Mcintosh
Geo. B. Roberts
W. C. Taylor
E. A. Myers
W. K. Woodwell
Jos. R. Woodwell
A. C. Crawford
Durbin Home
A. V. Holmes
O. F. Wharton
J. B. White
Jno. A. Harper
Geo. W. Jope (?)
Thos. M. Carnegie
Jessie Lippencott
Jas. M. Schoonmaker
J. E. Schwartz
Lewis Irwin
Wm. Rea
A. Carnegie
Saml. Rea
D. J. Morrell
H. Sellers McKee
Calvin Wells
Aaron French
445
Johnstown Tribune, 20 June 1889
F. J. Allen
Dr. W. C. Bidwell
James W. Brown
Hilary J. Brunot
John Caldwell
Andrew Carnegie
John W. Chalfant
James A. Chambers
Charles J. Clarke
Louis S. Clarke
A. C. Crawford
George Christy
W. T. Dun
Cyrus Elder
J. K. Ewing
C. R. Shea
J. S. McCord
A. French
H. C. Frick
John A. Harper
Henry Holdship
A. M. Harnes
Durbin Home
George F. Huff
Dr. D. W. Rankin
Samuel Rea
James H. Reed
Marvin F. Scaife
Jas. M. Schoonmator (sic)
J. E. Schwartz
Frank Semple
M. H. Suydam (sic)
Lewis Irwin
P. C. Knox
Frank B. Laughlin
J. J. Lawrence
John G. A. Leishman
J. H. Lippincott (sic)
S. S. Marvin
A. W. Mellon
Reuben Miller
Max K. Moorhead
William Mullens
F. A. Meyers
Frank T. McClintock
Oliver McClintock
W. L. McClintock
James McGregor
W. A. Mcintosh
H. Sellers McKee
H. P. Patton
D. C. Phillips
Henry Phipps, Jr.
Robert Piteatril (sic)
Benjamin Thaw
F. J. Unger (sic)
Calvin Wells
John F. Wilcox
Joseph R. Woodwell
William K. Woodwell
James H. Whitlock
446
ARCHITECTURAL
447
APPENDIX B.l. PAINT ANALYSIS
Paint samples were taken from both interior and exterior wood surfaces of the four
stuctures under study for the purpose of comparative dating of woodwork. In the case
of the exterior of the Clubhouse Annex, the samples were taken to give a preliminary
indication of the original exterior color scheme.
The analysis were made by two different laboratories due to scheduling constraints. The
first group of samples was taken 7 August 1992; Mr. Welsh was not available to conduct
studies at that time, so the local (Pittsburgh) laboratory of KTA Tator was used.
Additional samples were taken on 15 October 1992 and Mr. Welsh was available to
analyze these.
The following reports of the analysis and the paint identification drawings can be used
in future phases of the project as a starting point for successive studies. The paint
samples studied by KTA Tator are in the offices of LDA in Pittsburgh; Frank Welsh
retains the samples that he analyzed in his office in Bryn Mawr.
The samples and these analyses can be referenced when more exhaustive studies are
made in the design development phase to specify the original colors for the exteriors of
all of the buildings and for the interiors of the rooms to be restored as period rooms in
the Moorhead Cottage and the Clubhouse.
449
HOUSTON (412)788-1300
LOS ANGELES pAX (412) 788_1306
K
Ti KTA-TATOR, INC.
^^^"^1 115 Techno'ogy Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15
115 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15275
PITTSBURGH
PROTECTIVE COATINGS (PAINT) CONSULTANTS: Testing • Instruments • Inspection • Analytical Labor;
August 20, 1992
Mr. Ellis Schmidlapp
Landmark Design Associates
1 Station Square - Suite 400
Pittsburgh, PA 15219
SUBJECT: Determination of Number and Color of Paint Layers in Submitted Paint Chi :
Dear Mr. Schmidlapp:
In accordance with your request received August 11, 1992, KTA-Tator, Inc. 1
examined fourteen paint chips to determine the number of coats applied and the color of ed
coat.
SAMPLES
The samples were received from Landmark Design Associates on August 14, 19"
The paint chips were labeled with a numerical designation and then numbered 1 through 14. II
full description of each paint chip will be found on the attached paint analysis forms.
It should be noted that at no time did KTA personnel visit the jobsite or witness I
taking of the above chips.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
The laboratory investigation consisted of cutting the chips at an angle to expose all
the paint layers, and then viewing them under a microscope. The microscope used was a M ;
Model DMZ Stereo Zoom Microscope with magnification to 45X. Each color of the paint cl
was then compared to Munsell chips.
The Munsell System of Color identifies three attributes: hue, value, and chroma. 1 <
each identified color, the hue is given first and they are designated in ten major hues: r
yellow-red, yellow, green-yellow, green, blue-green, blue, purple-blue, purple, and red-purr. I
The next designation is the value. This indicates the lightness or darkness of the color in relat :
to a neutral gray scale. On this scale, 0 is used for absolute black and 10 is used for absol i
white. The third designation, the number after the slash, is the chroma. This indicates the deg <
of departure of a given hue from a gray neutral of the same value. This scale again extends fr «
0 for a neutral gray and extends out as the color becomes more vivid. So, each color has a giu
designation of: Hue Value/Chroma. A more detailed explanation of the Munsell System can t
found in the appendix.
450
r. Ellis Schmidlapp 2 August 20, 1992
All of the white or black layers revealed through microscopic examination were left
labeled, and should be considered absolute black or white. Translucent layers were also
i identified. Translucent clears would have no designation, and translucent brown varied with
i ckness so no one color could be assigned.
All of the results are typed on the submitted paint analysis forms. The results are
)ed so that the first layer would be considered the primer, while the last layer is designated as
■ topcoat.
If you have any questions or comments, please do not hesitate to contact this office.
Very truly yours,
KTA-TATOR, INC.
Valerie D. Sherbondy (J
>S/RNR:wc
L5209
451
SOUTH FOR
FISH AND GAME CLl |
LABORATORY DAI
LABORATORY DATA
1 . Building and Date of Construction:
South Fork Fish and Game Club; 1883 - 1889
2. Owner:
3. Client: Mr. Ellis L. Schmidlapp
Landmarks Design Associates; 400 The Landmarks Building
1 Station Square; Pittsburgh, PA 15219
4. Subject: Interior and Exterior Finishes
5. Samples Taken By:
Landmarks Design Associates
6. Date Samples Were Taken:
October 15, 1992
7. Date of Analysis and Report:
October 27 -29, 1992
8. Microscopist:
Frank S. Welsh
9. Layer Description:
1 . Analyze and evaluate all of the finishes.
2. Do not color match any finishes to the Munsell color system.
3. Describe all finishes by general color name only.
10. Color Description:
The color names are from the National Bureau of Standards color name charts, which ai i
keyed to the Munsell color system. The Munsell color system identifies color in terms i
three attributes: hue, value and chroma. The original color of the paint on the samples
has been keyed to this system of color description. The Munsell Color Company is lo-
cated at P.O. Box 230, Newburgh, New York 12551-0230.
October, 1992 Frank S. Welsh
452
SOUTH FORK
FISH AND GAME CLUB
LABORATORY DATA
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENTATION
OF THE LABORATORY DATA
FROM THE ANALYSIS
The following pages contain photocopies of compilations of sample envelopes upon which I have written
all of the requisite information during the laboratory analysis about the coatings found on each sample.
There are no more than 12 sample envelopes per page and each page contains only samples from one
room.
To fit so much information onto the small sample envelopes, I have developed a system of abbreviations
to describe the samples and the historic coatings. The following page is the KEY to these abbreviations.
453
SOUTH FORK
FISH AND GAME CLUB
LABORATORY DATA
KEY TO THE ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE LABORATORY DATA SHEETS
Printed at the top of each envelope:
Bldg = building name
Smp# = room number - sample number
Sample Loc: = location where the sample was taken
L = layer of the coating, ie. 1, 2, 3
C = color name, ie. blue, white
M — Munsell color notation, ie. 5 Y 9/1
T;G = type of paint, ie. oil, whitewash, and gloss of the finish, ie. flat, semi-gloss
P = the period of the layer which is an arbitrary designation of A, B or C, depending
upon the project. The first letter (A) could symbolize the first finish paint period and
the second letter (B) could symbolize the second painting period of the space, and so
forth. This is simply a system to help organize complex decorative finish schemes
from sample to sample.
A = the age of the coating, ie. original or late 19th century
Handwritten data on the envelopes:
For layers:
For gloss of the finish:
P = prime coat
1 = intermediate coat
Gr — ground coat, ie. for
marbling or graining
F = finish coat
Fl = flat finish
L = low-gloss finish
S = semi-gloss finish
G = gloss finish
H = high gloss finish
For colors:
For the age of the layer:
W - White
YW = Yellowish White
YG = Yellowish Gray
MRB = Moderate Reddish Brown
MOY = Moderate Orange Yellow
POY = Pale Orange Yellow
For type of paint:
orig. = original
er — early
md = middle
It = late
c = century
oil
D = distemper or calcimine
(a water base paint)
Wsh = whitewash
Pb = lead paint
Zn = zinc oxide paint
Ti02 = titanium dioxide
454
Clubhouse Paint Analysis
Sample Location Key
PAINT ANALYSIS
PROJECT: NPS SOUTH FORK FISHING & HUNTING CLUB
BUILDING: CLUBHOUSE
SAMPLE NO.: CtHZ
LOCATION OF SAMPLE:
Fl KtT rUZOO- DIWIMfc? V~hA \US>
WINPCW C£&\v\t=> AT OiUIW^CM
DATE TAKEN: 8/7/92
BY: ELS/AML
DATE EXAMINED:
SUBSTRATE:
BY:
TOP COLOR:
HISTORIC
DATE
LAYER DESCRIPTION
(COLOR, VARNISH, DIRT, ETC.)
MUNSELL
NO.
CHARACTERISTICS
Dirty White
10YR 9/2
Yellow
10YR 7/12
Blue
7.5B 7/2
Brown (topcoat)
5Y 2/1
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS, DOCUMENTATION, COMMENT OR SKETCHES:
456
PAINT ANALYSIS
PROJECT:
NPS SOUTH FORK FISHING & HUNTPNG CLUB
BUILDING:
CLUBHOUSE
SAMPLE NO.:
CH-1??
LOCATION OF SAMPLE:
PH2.<5T FU%^ OIM/Wt? CLKA \&&>
DATE TAKEN: 8/7/92
BY:
ELS/AML
DATE EXAMINED:
SUBSTRATE:
BY:
TOP COLOR:
HISTORIC
DATE
LAYER DESCRIPTION
(COLOR, VARNISH, DIRT, ETC)
MUNSELL
NO.
CHARACTERISTICS
Brown Translucent
(no wood)
Dark Pumpkin
10YR 8/6
Brown Translucent
Pumpkin
10YR 9/4
■
Brown Translucent
Cream
5Y 9/2
Lime Green
10Y 9/4
Cream
2.5YR 9/4
Red
2.5R 6/12
Blue
7.5B 7/2
Brown (topcoat)
5Y 2/1
.
FURTHER OB!
5ERVATIONS, DOCUMENTATION
, COMMENT O
R SKETCHES:
L
457
PAINT ANALYSIS
PROJECT:
NPS SOUTH FORK FISHING & HUNTING CLUB
BUILDING:
CLUBHOUSE
SAMPLE NO.:
C++- 14-
LOCATION OF SAMPLE:
Fuaer *=u^c*: oiwiMfc? km ic&
VO&T AT" ^TA I E. WAT
DATE TAKEN: 8/7/92
BY:
ELS/AML
DATE EXAMINED:
SUBSTRATE:
BY:
TOP COLOR:
HISTORIC
DATE
LAYER DESCRIPTION
(COLOR, VARNISH, DIRT, ETC.)
MUNSELL
NO.
CHARACTERISTICS
Translucent
Next to wood
Cream
5Y 9/2
Brown Translucent
Cream
5Y 9/2
Cream
5Y 9/2
Cream
5Y 9/2
Dark Pumpkin
7.5Y 6/1C
Blue
7.5B 7/2
Brown (topcoat)
5Y 2/1
FURTHER OBJ
NERVATIONS, DOCUMENTATION
, COMMENT 0
R SKETCHES:
458
LABORATORY DATA FOR PAINT SAMPLES
FILDING: SOUTH FORK FISH & GAME CLUB
ROOM: CLUBHOUSE
Bldgfi^h 06a*<Clto Smpȣtt-i^-
Sample Loc:
L C_ M. J£ _f_ A
J
SampIeLoc: e^v02-"' W.v*U>fro#e
P A
L C_ M_ T;G
2. F COkik
^F P^G^o*.^iviq cr* V<A Grryd.
Sample LOC. ^^^ _ ^rcorA o.vdmcJ
L C
M
T;G
P A
3 -kFj'SV*, P<aIc-, Blvx', \>fc-<j*ii|
Bldg T?*v,rfAMfluKSmp«ett--23
Sample Loc: ^*mi\2-'.u1ikW>
1
L C_ M. _£G _P A
2F uJ
r
Bldg p,-^ d <a)wd&5mp»C^-,2| "|
Sample Loc: g*i^ W^£ f!
Cpwi«J oloe^«. war
<3KtX.
L C_ M_ _T£ _P_ A_
If SWlUc/^f^AtK
Oro*.
Y
&
reu/y\ ,
Bldg P,-^> AgCTlob Smp^zn -zz.
Sample Loc: ^ic*'- "FW^
k £. M. T;G
lF Similar /l/<m*Ji5>^
1"* >n
P A
3-&»F3 yuj <> / «-t-6«7>uj>y
(s^
"Bldg frswftWtrthSmp»ot-Z3
1 Sample Loc: ^¥A^' to********
7F Yio Uzft
•■-
BldgF.^foWfdto Smp»£U-£4
Sample Loc:^ l0°- ^Sdaa«i
L C_ M. JQG _P_ A
VF 5^c[\a c / yJor^.t>k.
2F tJlw'k
Wa*^
] Bldg Fi^44w>CljfeSmpȣi-f-2,g-
Sample Loc: Ewtoi: Caw* 4 ^
JL C_ M_ T;G
2F 6x<u|
3F UJ
P A
*&c
B'dffF^i»/<iW<flit3mp»n4 ,zfe
Sample Loc: E* ioT-: W^Vtuall
akPovte, donp ceil 1*3
i-3Fi (?>M£^/ Pi^tv6«^u
Bldg Fisv, -t(m^liA? Smp»CU -Z^-
Sample Loc: g?u*\s»*» ^
c oC F;Uk«<« above
L C
M T;G ' P
C^k»\U> (Ti5 CH-ZO
459
Bldg tr.^K^ GoiiflchSmpOgm.a^
L C
T;G
P A
ZF T>lc6'ni/^fj ^vP<rtk ay*ci
LABORATORY DATA FOR PAINT SAMPLES
BUILDING: SOUTH FORK FISH & GAME CLUB
ROOM: CLUBHOUSE
' Bldg ^^ <KWT<fcSmpȣtf -V\ i
Sample Loc: X*k uy. Fravtfe e£ i
JL C_ M_ _£G _P_ A_
if SV&MC/\/<XrM\
2.-3 Fs uO^
5-4F-;* G><tu><a<:.s
Bldg -p;^ ^^./^[ubSmp* 6(4 -3P
Sample Loc: ewuiS". Ebcrcs -
i ^_ M_ JjG j^ a_
if "Pit SreuxY.
3-5F5 U)Kx(fs
« ■ m F* Biu- , y*J, Veiled, ViO ;
\ 22&E& ir*aueCiiit> Smp» c-W -51
Sample Loc: "P**3\. IXtorfVo
L C_ M. JJQ _p_ a
Zf 'PK<Sf«vw
5 f Wd r\ ftlc.
4P fedd**1*- 6<?w\
Bldg Ts^^ 6<WfuijSmp»CB-*a
Sample Loc: g** li^'.VJiWlao frame.,'
L C
P A
j!*F Sbilac/Van-dsh
2-5Fi UMu4<S
j 4-5 F\js (Brcu* i»^5
..i
Bldg ■PUua^wAluSmp»£H-g>3
Sample Loc: ^^ter^or: Wn-d/wV,*'
L C_ M_ J£ _f_ A
- unnoted tr€td ivrfau
Sample Loc: ^xW"'^-- S.d»«o -
jr — No*fc,luil
L |C_ / M_ J|G _P A
Sclua* fau'*4* * f<**r ^frytsLi'Mro'n
t^
* i
-*^q
460
Brown Cottage Paint Analysis
Sample Location Key
461
PAINT ANALYSIS
PROJECT: NPS SOUTH FORK FISHING & HUNTING CLUB
BUILDING: RRnWN rnTTARE
SAMPLE NO.: \i~C&
LOCATION OF SAMPLE:
Fli^rr P^OCZ EkJTP-T W/Fi£EFLA£E
C&MIOU^ WiUOPW CA&\H& H2CM
DATE TAKEN: 8/7/92
BY: ELS/AML
WWAOCM/ IKI Pa*Y
DATE EXAMINED:
SUBSTRATE:
BY:
TOP COLOR:
HISTORIC
DATE
LAYER DESCRIPTION
(COLOR, VARNISH, DIRT, ETC.)
MUNSELL
NO.
CHARACTERISTICS
Translucent
Next to wood
Yellow
2.5Y 8.5/4
Blue
7.5B 7/2
White
Off-White (topcoat)
7.5Y 8.5/2
FURTHER OBJ
5ERVATIONS, DOCUMENTATION
, COMMENT O
R SKETCHES:
462
PAINT ANALYSIS
PROJECT: NPS SOUTH FORK FISHING & HUNTING CLUB
BUILDING: BROWN COTTAGE
SAMPLE NO.: t~0\
DATE TAKEN: 8/7/92
BY:
ELS/AML
DATE EXAMINED:
BY:
HISTORIC
DATE
LAYER DESCRIPTION
(COLOR, VARNISH, DIRT, ETC.)
Translucent
Yellow
Translucent Brown
Black
Brown (topcoat)
LOCATION OF SAMPLE:
r,K"fr^M<P2 E»onzY w/FieePLAr:'&
SUBSTRATE:
TOP COLOR:
MUNSELL
NO.
10Y 7/12
2.5YR 3/2
CHARACTERISTICS
Next to wood
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS, DOCUMENTATION, COMMENT OR SKETCHES:
463
PAINT ANALYSIS
PROJECT:
NPS SOUTH FORK FISHING & HUNTING CLUB
BUILDING:
BROWN COTTAGE
SAMPLE NO.: K.-\0
DATE TAKEN: 8/7/92
BY:
ELS/AML
LOCATION OF SAMPLE:
DATE EXAMINED:
SUBSTRATE:
BY:
TOP COLOR:
HISTORIC
DATE
LAYER DESCRIPTION
(COLOR, VARNISH, DIRT, ETC.)
MUNSELL
NO.
CHARACTERISTICS
Translucent
Next to wood
White
White (topcoat)
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS, DOCUMENTATION, COMMENT OR SKETCHES:
464
PAINT ANALYSIS
PROJECT: NPS SOUTH FORK FISHING & HUNTING CLUB
BUILDING: BR0WN COTTAGE
SAMPLE NO.: E_— 1 1
LOCATION OF SAMPLE:
f=lG£rr FuCt^-^TAil^- HALL
L£M \OD) ^TAl£ feA^S
DATE TAKEN: 8/7/92
BY: ELS/AML
DATE EXAMINED:
SUBSTRATE:
BY:
TOP COLOR:
HISTORIC
DATE
LAYER DESCRIPTION
(COLOR, VARNISH, DIRT, ETC.)
MUNSELL
NO.
CHARACTERISTICS
Translucent
Next to wood
Brown
2.5Y 4/6
Cream
2.5Y 9/2
White (topcoat)
1
FURTHER OB<
NERVATIONS, DOCUMENTATION
, COMMENT O
R SKETCHES:
465
LABORATORY DATA FOR PAINT SAMPLES
RTTTLDTNG: SOUTH FORK FISH & GAME CLUB
ROOM: BROWNCOTTAGE
BtdgTv„urtfl>awClm»Smp* K-gg
Sample Loc: ^tv-g* l°S-
J. C_ M_ JQG _P_ £
)F 5W^llQc^vbffc;5W
3_5 v^/ WW.Vt
B'dg^U&mjdiibSmp* \L-3(p
Sample Loc: t^-gw'°£' ,
T2>i-4H|u>k> OxZWl at
L C
M T;G
P A
, B»dgp,Ahtffo^|tlUSmp»|f;-5^
Sample Loc: *"**'■ e™ ^ fa*H
L C M T;G
P A
,F7 5
Mlacyv/atM'iK
3F OVx«e
F-?F* yu)>/L«>v
Sample Loc: K«&'° EvW*"-.
Fremf pxch ui\»vW> Vv*
■ Bldg^Mgn^^[okSmp»<-S^
Sample Loc: *"* '• ,£^^
c Vw4 iidi^
! J. C_ M_ T;G
HP UJ
5F Bloc.
P A
L C
M
T;G P A
IF &w\
2.F
7-8F3 W'j.
JL^,
Moorhead Cottage Paint Analysis
Sample Location Key
103
C
£773
t
108
3d===
107
=^F
^
■6
AV-4
-1-
,.L
-?
106
3 t
105
•M-c*?
467
PAINT ANALYSIS
PROJECT: NPS SOUTH FORK FISHING & HUNTPNG CLUB
BUILDING: MOORHEAD COTTAGE
SAMPLE NO.: tJ\-C?\
LOCATION OF SAMPLE:
Fl(2M" FvC>CC PtZjCVJT HAU-^PvM \o\~)
DATE TAKEN: 8/7/92
BY: ELS/AML
DATE EXAMINED:
SUBSTRATE:
BY:
TOP COLOR:
HISTORIC
DATE
LAYER DESCRIPTION
(COLOR, VARNISH, DIRT, ETC.)
MUNSELL
NO.
CHARACTERISTICS
Translucent, Varnish
Next to wood
Cream
5Y 9/2
White
Brown (topcoat)
10R 2/2
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS, DOCUMENTATION, COMMENT OR SKETCHES:
468
PAINT ANALYSIS
PROJECT: NPS SOUTH FORK FISHING & HUNTING CLUB
BUILDING: MOORHEAD COTTAGE
SAMPLE NO.: \J\-Ot,
LOCATION OF SAMPLE:
Hd^nr FVOCK Ffc£XJT~ HAtbce-MlOO
DATE TAKEN: 8/7/92
BY: ELS/AML
DATE EXAMINED:
SUBSTRATE:
BY:
TOP COLOR:
HISTORIC
DATE
LAYER DESCRIPTION
(COLOR, VARNISH, DIRT, ETC.)
MUNSELL
NO.
CHARACTERISTICS
Translucent, Varnish
Next to wood
Cream
5Y 9/2
Cream
5Y 9/2
Cream
5Y 9/2
White
Brown (topcoat)
10R 2/2
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS, DOCUMENTATION, COMMENT OR SKETCHES:
469
PAINT ANALYSIS
PROJECT: NPS SOUTH FORK FISHING & HUNTING CLUB
BUILDING: MOORHEAD COTTAGE
SAMPLE NO.: M-CPh
DATE TAKEN: 8/7/92
BY:
ELS/AML
LOCATION OF SAMPLE:
£A^H4fc?TO VCtXL TO £M ICF?
DATE EXAMEvJED:
SUBSTRATE:
BY:
TOP COLOR:
HISTORIC
DATE
LAYER DESCRIPTION
(COLOR, VARNISH, DIRT, ETC.)
MUNSELL
NO.
CHARACTERISTICS
Translucent, Varnish
Next to wood
Red
7.5R 4/8
Cream
5Y 9/2
-=t
Light Pumpkin
10YR 9/4
PumDkin
7.5R 7/10
Blue
10B 3/8
Light Green
5GY 9/1
White (topcoat)
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS, DOCUMENTATION, COMMENT OR SKETCHES:
470
PAINT ANALYSIS
PROJECT:
NPS SOUTH FORK FISHING & HUNTING CLUB
BUILDING: MOORHEAD COTTAGE
SAMPLE NO.: M~£?4-
DATE TAKEN: 8/7/92
BY:
ELS/AML
LOCATION OF SAMPLE:
DATE EXAMINED:
SUBSTRATE:
BY:
TOP COLOR:
HISTORIC
DATE
LAYER DESCRIPTION
(COLOR, VARNISH, DIRT, ETC.)
MUNSELL
NO.
CHARACTERISTICS
Translucent
Next to wood
Red
7.5R 9/2
Yellow
10Y 9/1
Cream/Light Yellow
5Y 9/2
Pumpkin
7.5Y 7/10
Blue
10B 3/8
Light Green
5GY 9/1
White (topcoat)
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS, DOCUMENTATION, COMMENT OR SKETCHES:
471
PAINT ANALYSIS 1
PROJECT: NPS SOUTH FORK FISHING & HUNTING CLUB
BUILDING: MOORHEAD COTTAGE
SAMPLE NO.: hA-C^O
LOCATION OF SAMPLE:
DATE TAKEN: 8/7/92
BY: ELS/AML
DATE EXAMINED:
SUBSTRATE:
BY:
TOP COLOR:
HISTORIC
DATE
LAYER DESCRIPTION
(COLOR, VARNISH, DIRT, ETC.)
MUNSELL
NO.
CHARACTERISTICS
Translucent
Next to wood
Cream
5Y 9/2
White
Cream
5Y 9/2
White
Brown (topcoat)
10R 3/2
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS, DOCUMENTATION, COMMENT OR SKETCHES:
472
PAINT ANALYSIS
PROJECT: NPS SOUTH FORK FISHING & HUNTING CLUB
BUILDING: MOORHEAD COTTAGE
SAMPLE NO.: hA-CU?
LOCATION OF SAMPLE:
FlC<bT rU3P£ PROJT HALL- Ct\A(0\~)
WITH* WlHCCW
DATE TAKEN: 8/7/92
BY: ELS/AML
DATE EXAMPNED:
SUBSTRATE:
BY:
TOP COLOR:
HISTORIC
DATE
LAYER DESCRIPTION
(COLOR, VARNISH, DIRT, ETC.)
MUNSELL
NO.
CHARACTERISTICS
Translucent
Next to wood
Red
5R 3/6
White
Tan
7.5YR 8/6
White
Brown (topcoat)
10R 3/2
FURTHER OB!
5ERVATIONS, DOCUMENTATION
, COMMENT 0
R SKETCHES:
473
PAINT ANALYSIS
PROJECT:
■NPS SOUTH FORK FISHING & HUNTING CLUB
BUILDING:
MOORHEAD COTTAGE
SAMPLE NO.:
hA-OT
LOCATION OF SAMPLE:
h e^-r Fi/Ctx m Jrocxxr h-au^
^RM \0\1 CA^ikJCp Fp£>M EAQ.L\E£
tX£32_WAY AT CPPEyi 1 Kit? "TO ^TA 1 e
WALL /UM ifeO
DATE TAKEN: 8/7/92
BY:
ELS/AML
DATE EXAMINED:
SUBSTRATE:
BY:
TOP COLOR:
HISTORIC
DATE
LAYER DESCRIPTION
(COLOR, VARNISH, DIRT, ETC.)
MUNSELL
NO.
CHARACTERISTICS
Red
5R 3/6
Dark Yellow
10Y 8/8
Grey
10B 3/1
Green, Translucent
White
Yellow
5Y 9/6
Cream
5Y 9/2
Cream
5Y 9/2
Cream
5Y 9/2
White
Purple
10RP 2/4
Brown (topcoat)
10R 3/2
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS, DOCUMENTATION, COMMENT OR SKETCHES:
474
LABORATORY DATA FOR PAINT SAMPLES
;ILDING;S0UTH FORK FISH & GAME CLUB
ROOM: MOREHEAD COTTAGE
^n^Oi)
Sample Loc: ^WhraliEiM ifl-j; |
Tr->v* ofc\obfui Ae &* icfo ;
M_ J£ _£_ A
If sMk ?
S-Sfi y*ilKo*, 6f«u\A»/t viBio*j
Sample Loc: flkaefcari-' fcwMCO/a&O
L C
M TjG* P A
2F W-/HUA6***.
Jte
Lr
gr . '.■»■» |
^-*i
475
Clubhouse
Sample Location
Annex Taint Ai alysis
476
LABORATORY DATA FOR PAINT SAMPLES
BUILDING: SOUTH FORK FISH & GAME CLUB
ROOM: ANNEX
5a%k\rerlC
sample Loc. ^ 5*1^ «{ u>i«kux
sash fsterH 1*1 fco<#wtti"t)
L C, M_ _£G _P_ A
SamP'e Loc: tectp^h"
L C_ M_ _£G _P_ A
IF \W^L <3ra^
«Z&
BtdgP.-ah<f/S,wfl^>Smp»^-i^
Sample Loc:^^^^
IF7 Vell^owK^^
3F ujW;k
4-7F LOKxV^ N4L (Sratj \^
J
L=
478
APPENDIX B.2. ARCHAEOLOGISTS' REPORT
The following Management Report was produced by John Milner Associates in
conjunction with the National Park Service under a separate contract. It is included in
this document to provide background information and cross referencing.
479
MANAGEMENT REPORT
ARCHEOLOGICAL DATA FOR HISTORIC STRUCTURES REPORT
SAINT MICHAEL
JOHNSTOWN FLOOD NATIONAL MEMORIAL, PENNSYLVANIA
by
Joseph Balicki
J. Sanderson Stevens
Prepared for the National Park Service by:
John Milner Associates, Inc.
5250 Cherokee Avenue, 4th Floor,
Alexandria, Virginia 22312
Under Contract CX-2000- 1-0008
Work Order No. 4
Principal Investigators:
J. Sanderson Stevens
John Milner Associates, Inc.
and
Jed Levin
National Park Service
Government Technical Representative
Douglas C. Comer, Chief
Eastern Applied Archeology Center
Denver Service Center-TEA
National Park Service
12200-A Plum Orchard Drive
Silver Spring, Maryland 20904
October 5, 1992
481
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Figures
1.0 Project Description and Goals 1
2.0 Description and Results of Field Investigations 3
2.1 Area 1 5
2.2 Area 2 8
23 Area 3 9
2.4 Area 4 11
3.0 Summary and Conclusions of the Excavations 12
4.0 References Cited 14
482
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Area 1, Plan View.
Figure 2. Area 2, Plan View.
Figure 3. Area 3, Plan -View.
Figure 4. Area 4, Plan View.
Figure 5. Area 1, Trench A South Profile.
Figure 6. Area 1, Trench B, East Profile.
Figure 7. Area 3, Test Unit 3.6, East Profile.
483
1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND GOALS
John Milner Associates, Inc. (JMA) was contracted by the National Park Service (NPS), Denver
Service Center (DSC) to conduct archeologjcal investigations at the South Fork Fishing and
Hunting Club Historic District, Johnstown Flood National Memorial, Saint Michael,
Pennsylvania. Phase I archeological investigations were undertaken on behalf of the Eastern
Applied Archeology Center (EAA), DSC, under contract CX-2000- 1-0008, Work Order No. 4
(Package JOFL- 156-42). The archeological investigations were designed to assist the DSC's
planning and design effort at Johnstown Flood National Memorial. The NPS, in cooperation
with the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club Historical Preservation Society, is developing
plans for the stabilization, rehabilitation and adaptive reuse of the four properties that comprise
the project area. NPS involvement is part of a program of technical assistance to the
Southwestern Pennsylvania Heritage Preservation Commission. In order to assess the.
archeological resources in the project area, JMA conducted field investigations at four house
lots within Saint Michael. The following management report is based on the results of the field
investigations and preliminary laboratory analysis. This management report summarizes the
field investigations and results, and briefly discusses preliminary laboratory analysis and site
interpretations. The report also presents management recommendations. Final results,
interpretations and recommendations well be presented in the draft technical report to be
submitted on or before November 26, 1992,
The South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club Historic District consists of several cottages and a
clubhouse associated with the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club (1879-89). The district is
listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Located in Saint Michael, the district is
approximately three-quarters of a mile southwest of the Johnstown Flood National Memorial
on what had been the southwest shore of man-made Lake Conemaugh. The project area
consists of four house lots within the historic district. The Phase I investigations discussed
herein tested the properties on which the clubhouse, the reputed Moorehead cottage, the
reputed Knox cottage, and the possible residence of the clubhouse staff are located. At these
locations the original clubhouse and cottages survive, albeit modified.
The investigations were designed to provide information on the archeological resources within
the project area. Specifically, the investigations were undertaken to determine the location,
nature and condition of the subsurface cultural resources within the project area. The project
goals were to identify features indicative of the historic landscape within the project area which
- 1-
484
date to the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club period. These data will augment the historic
structures report, prepared under separate cover, for the four properties in the project area.
The archeological investigations included field excavations, laboratory analysis, a management
report, and a technical report. The principal background research was undertaken by EAA
archeologjst Jed Levin, who also served as principal investigator for the NPS, DSC. Field
investigations followed the procedures outlined in the scope of services and subsequent
consultations between JMA and EAA. during the course of the project.
The JMA project team included J. Sanderson Stevens, project coordinator, Joseph Balicki,
project archeologist; Dana Heck, laboratory director; and Joanne Bowen, zooarcheologist. The
field investigations were conducted from April 27 through May 15, 1992, by a four-person team
including Joseph Balicki, Charles R. Walker, Adam Bliss, and Bryan L. Corle. Laboratory
processing, analysis and artifact cataloging in accordance with the Automated National
Cataloging System (ANCS) was performed by Dana Heck and Jamie Sadler. Sarah Ruch
prepared the final graphics and Dorothy Riggs prepared the final manuscript.
South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club Preservation Society Chairman Walter Costlov/s
knowledge of the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club contributed to the success of the field
investigations. Additionally, JMA is grateful for his support of the field crew. Comments and
observations offered during site visits by Jed Levin, EAA archeologist, greatly aided in the
interpretations and assessment of the resources.
2-
485
2.0 DESCRIPTION AND RESULTS OF FIELD INVESTIGATIONS
The historic district in Saint Michael consists of tic extant remnants of the South Fork Fishing
and Hunting Club. The club was established in 1879 as a retreat and recreation area for
wealthy industrialists, merchants and bankers from Pittsburgh. By 1889, the club had sixty-one
members, including Henry Clay Frick, Andrew Carnegie, Philander Chase Knox, and Andrew
W. Mellon (McCullough 1968:57-59). The club consisted of an earthen dam, man-made Lake
Conemaugh, and 160 acres surrounding the lake. The club offered a respite from the industrial
pollution of late ninctccnth-ccntury Pittsburgh (McCullough 1968:42). The focal point of the
club was a large three-story clubhouse building. Historc photographs in the park's collections
show that the clubhouse had been constructed using two different architectural styles. This
suggests that the building may have incorporated an earlier building, or that the clubhouse may
have been built in two stages. The clubhouse contained forty-seven rooms, within which the
majority of the members were lodged. Because the cottages had no kitchen facilities, all
members were expected to dine in the clubhouse. In addition to the clubhouse, sixteen cottages
were built by individual members. The club buildings were constructed in a linear fashion along
the southwest bank of the lake. A boardwalk ran the length of the developed property between
the lake, the cottages, and the clubhouse. Between 1879 and 1889, club members enjoyed
various recreational activities at the lake.
On June 1, 1889, after an extended period of heavy rains, the South Fork Dam failed. The
result was the worst flood in American history. After the tragedy, the club lost most members,
and the last of the club property was sold in 1904. By 1907, a coal mine had been established
approximately 1500 feet (ft) south of the club. The operators of the mine, the Maryland Coal
Company, constructed a railroad spur and subsequently developed the town of Saint Michael.
The cottages and clubhouse were used as residences by the coal company, and some buildings
were extensively modified. Seven of the 16 original cottages survive.
Archeological investigations were undertaken to test and evaluate four building lots within the
South Fork Fishing and Hunting Historic District. Area 1 consists of the lot on which the
clubhouse is situated (Figure 1). Area 2 is the yard surrounding the Moorhead cottage (Figure
2). The reputed cottage of Philander Chase Knox occupies the lot designated as Area 3 (Figure
3). Area 4 Is the lot on which a building that may have functioned as the residence of the
clubhouse staff is situated (Figure 4).
486
Field investigations consisted of the systematic excavation of shovel tests, manually excavated
test units, and mechanically excavated trenches. The shovel test investigations were conducted
at all four areas. A transit was used to lay out a baseline and subsequent grid over each area.
Shovel tests, approximately 1.5 ft in diameter, were excavated at 20 ft intervals along parallel
transects. Alternate transects were staggered to increase both coverage and the potential for
cultural resource identification. The number of transects and shovel tests varied between areas.
Within Area 1, 73 shovel tests were excavated along 11 transects and 4 additional shovel tests
were skipped (Figure 1). Shovel tests within Area 2 included the excavation of 35 shovel tests
along 5 transects; 2 additional shovel test locations were skipped (Figure 2). Twenty- nine
shovel tests were excavated along 5 transects within Area 3, and 2 shovel test locations were
skipped (Figure 3). Field investigations of Area 4 included the excavation of 37 shovel tests
along 7 transects; one shovel test location was skipped (Figure 4). In total, 174 shovel tests
were excavated in the project area.
Six manually excavated test units, including four 5 ft-by-5 ft square test units and two 25 ft-by-5
ft test units, were positioned to recover information on landscape features and the location of
the boardwalk. The possible landscape features were identified from the shovel testing and
through examination of the surface.
In addition to the manually excavated test units, backhoe testing was undertaken in Area 1.
Eight mechanically excavated trenches (trenches A-H), 3 ft wide and of varying lengths, were
excavated in an attempt to locate the foundations of a section of the clubhouse that had been
removed sometime in the 1930s. Additionally, one trench (trench I) was excavated at the rear
of the clubhouse in an effort to locate a two-story outhouse. Furthermore, one trench (trench
J) was excavated between the clubhouse porch and Main Street to look for evidence of the
boardwalk.
All shovel tests, test units, and trenches were excavated to subsoil. Soil matrices from the
shovel tests and test units were screened through one-quarter-inch hardware cloth to ensure
uniform recovery of cultural materials. Whenever possible shovel tests were excavated via
stratigraphy. The excavation of test units was by natural stratigraphy, or by .5 ft levels
depending on the thickness of the stratigraphic unit. Information on each shovel test and test
unit was recorded on standardized forms and included the location, setting, and designation of
the excavation; the presence or absence of artifacts; the number and types of artifacts; Munsell
soil designations; and soil texture according to standard scientific nomenclature. The
- 4 -
487
investigations utilized a three part numbering system, tins system was used for both the shovel
tests and the test units. The advantage of this system is the generation of a series of lot
numbers which carry provenience information. The first number represents either area (1-4).
The second number identifies shovel test transect or test unit. The third number designates
shovel test or stratigraphic unit. The technical report will present tables differenciating
provenience information-. At least one profile was drawn of each test unit and trench. Plan
maps were drawn when features were encountered in test units and trenches. The technical
report will present representative profiles of each yard area and additional trench profiles.
2.1 Area 1
Investigations of the clubhouse commenced with the systematic excavation of shovel tests on
the rear and side yards of this lot (Figure 1). The shovel testing failed to locate any definitive
subsurface evidence of landscape features. There is, however, evidence that the rear yard of
the clubhouse had been terraced. In general, the ground slopes downward from the rear of the
lot to the clubhouse. In the western portion of the rear yard, the remnants of three possible
terraces were observed (Figure 1). These terraces are parallel to the clubhouse. Modification
of the ground surface and recent disturbance by motor vehicles may have destroyed evidence
of these terraces in the rest of the yard. In addition, two shovel tests encountered large
flagstones that may represent some type of landscaping feature (walkway) on the upper terrace.
The flagstones were laid flat and located on the edge of the terrace.
The stratigraphic sequence in the rear yard consisted of a thick deposit of surface soil lying
upon a subsoil of silty clay and desiccated shale. Artifacts were recovered from the surface soil
in 31 of the 73 excavated shovel tests. Preliminary evaluation of the stratigraphic and artifact
data suggest that the primary depositional episode occurred in the early twentieth century, i.e.,
the period the clubhouse was occupied by coal company employees. No discrete deposits from
any period of occupation were identified except for a possible historic twentieth-century trash
midden located at the southern corner of the yard (Figure 1). The trash midden was identified
on the basis of a stratigraphic deposit of coal ash, and twentieth-century artifacts which were
unlike the surrounding yard deposit.
Surface modifications associated with construction of a paved parking area has disturbed the
side yard north of the clubhouse. Historic deposits that may have been present at this location
have either been destroyed or disturbed by this construction.
488
At present, the southeast side yard of the clubhouse is a parking lot paved with highly oxidized
shale mine tailings, referred to locally as red-dog. A wing or addition to the clubhouse had
stood at this location until the 1930s. Historic photographs from the club period indicate that
this section of the clubhouse had a different architectural style than the extant building,
suggesting that the demolished wing of the clubhouse was either an earlier building or an
addition during the club period-
Surface indications of the demolished wing consist of anomalies in the extant foundation of the
clubhouse. These anomalies, located at the east front corner of the foundation and along the
southeast foundation, consist of foundation stones that extend outward from the foundation.
The preliminary field interpretations of these anomalies suggest that at one time the
foundations of the two building sections may have abutted or bonded. However, further
examination of the foundation through archeological testing and inspection of the interior
foundation indicated that these anomalies may not have been associated with the earlier section
of the clubhouse. For example, the anomaly along the southeast wall represents an effort to
seal a hole through the foundation.
The location of the demolished wing was investigated by the excavation of mechanically
excavated trenches and by one test unit in an effort to locate and investigate any deposits and
features associated with the demolished section. Mechanical excavations began with the
excavation of a trench (trench A) parallel to the standing clubhouse building at the east front
end (Figure 5). Trench A was positioned at the east front corner of the clubhouse to determine
if the extant stone foundation had extended to the south and had been part of the foundation
of the demolished wing. The backhoe trench failed to produce evidence that the stone
foundation extended to the south. Rather, a concrete footer was encountered. Consequently,
trench A was reoriented to extend from the east front corner of the extant building to the
southeast property line in an effort to locate footers associated with the front of the building.
Evidence for three footers was recovered. The preliminary interpretation is that these footers
represent the front of the demolished wing. Unlike the footer adjacent to the extant
foundation, the other footers were brick, capped with concrete. The footers were only two
courses wide and two courses deep, suggesting that they were not intended to support a massive
superstructure. Additionally, the trench exposed a wooden post and associated sill, but their
function could not be determined. Since the trench provided no conclusive stratigraphic
evidence for the eastern end of the demolished wing, an attempt was made to determine if
489
there was any stratigraphic break between building lots. A break in stratigraphy would at least
provide an approximate end for the demolished section. With the permission of the landowner,
trench A was extended by hand into the neighboring property. No discontinuity in stratigraphy
was observed.
In order to locate additional evidence of the demolished wing, trench B was excavated
perpendicular to the extant clubhouse at the approximate center of the side yard. Trench B
began at Main Street and extended 67 ft to the west (Figure 1). Installation of a 6 inch (in)
water main along Main Street destroyed any evidence of the boardwalk that may have been
present along this section of the clubhouse. Additional utility trenches, for drainage and water
lines, were encountered at varying depths. These trenches have disturbed evidence of the
demolished wing. Evidence for a brick footer was encountered in this trench, but it was in a
disturbed context. At 33 ft from the hypothesized front of the wing, brick paving was
encountered (Figure 6). The paving was 5 ft long and ended at a wooden beam set into
puddled clay. These features may represent the rear of the wing. A test unit was excavated
adjacent to the trench to investigate these features, but neither the function of the features uor
the rear of the building were discerned. Utility trenches on either side of the features masked
the stratigraphic relationship of the features to the surrounding deposits. However, it is
noteworthy that the brick paving and wooden beam are aligned with the rear of the clubhouse,
suggesting that the features represent the rear of the demolished wing.
Because the footprint of the demolished wing could not be determined by trenches A and B,
sue additional trenches (trenches C-H) were excavated in the side yard (Figure 1). Trenches
C and F exposed two additional brick footers and two utility trenches. The excavated footers
are not evenly spaced and their top elevations vary. Additionally, during the demolition of the
building, several of the footers appear to have moved from their original context. The rear of
the demolished wing, where it would have met the original building, was not successfully
investigated because of the presence of two utility trenches. Presumably, these trenches
dectroyed any deposits associated with the demolished wing. Consequently, even with the
excavation of six additional trenches, the architectural footprint of the demolished wing was not
delineated.
The preliminary interpretation of the stratigraphic sequence from the location of the
demolished wing (Figures 5 and 6) reflects a modern red-dog parking lot overlying a deposit
of destruction debris, averaging 1.5 ft in thickness. The destruction debris rested on subsoil.
-7-
490
Extending into the subsoil were several features associated with the foundation of the building,
including remnants of wooden posts, brick footers, post holes, and wooden sills. Unfortunately,
the destruction of the building and installation of utilities has disturbed many of these features,
rendering interpretation of the building footprint impossible.
In summary, archeological evidence for the demolished section of the clubhouse is enigmatic.
The deposits associated with the building, except for the features, reflect the destruction
episode. Deposits associated with the occupation of the building were not encountered either
on the presumed interior or exterior of the building. Based on the preliminary analysis of the
stratigraphic evidence, the demolished wing of the clubhouse may have measured approximately
52 ft wide by 38 ft in length, but the preliminary interpretation of the archeological evidence
is ambiguous.
Informant information indicated that a two story outhouse was located at the rear of the
clubhouse. A historic photograph shows the outhouse, but its relationship to the clubhouse can
not be ascertained. Presumably the outhouse was connected to the clubhouse by a rope bridge.
A second story window on the rear facade of the clubhouse shows possible evidence for the
outhouse attachment. Beneath the window are three exposed joists and what may be a portion
of a sealed entrance. A portion of this entrance was incorporated into the window. There is
no indication on the first floor of an exit from the clubhouse to the outhouse. During a pre-
field site visit, Jed Levin observed ground surface variations below the window, further
suggesting this was the location of the two story outhouse. Unfortunately, the ground surface
was subsequently disturbed by vehicles. Consequently, no surface indications were observed
during the current investigations.
Archeological testing of the possible privy location involved the mechanical excavation of a 30
ft trench of varying width. The trench (trench I) began 6 ft from the rear of the clubhouse and
was aligned with the architectural ghosting evident around the second story window. The trench
was excavated to subsoiL No evidence of the privy was found. Consequently, the trench was
widened from 3 ft to 10 ft. However, still no evidence for the privy was encountered. Either
the privy had a box above ground, or more likely, the privy was not positioned at this location.
One feature, a two coarse, dry-laid brick garden border, was exposed by the trench. The
garden border parallels the rear wall of the clubhouse.
491
One trench (Trench J) and one 5 ft square test unit were excavated between the clubhouse and
Main Street in an attempt to locate remnants of the boardwalk. The exes /ations revealed a
deposit of mixed fill over subsoil. No evidence for the boardwalk was encou atered in either of
the excavations.
22 Area 2
Archeological investigations of this cottage lot included the systematic excava ion of shovel tests
and the excavation of two 25 ft-by-5 ft test units (Figure 2). During the. club period, the
cottage is reputed to have belonged to Max K. Moorehead. After the floo 1 the cottage was
occupied, and the interior modified, by the Maryland Coal Company. The ; ear yard area and
side yards were tested for evidence of landscape features. The rear yard s opes steeply from
the rear property line to the rear of the cottage. Landscape features observed in the rear yard
included a patio, a stone stairway, a stone edge garden, a grape ardor, a con ;rete privy box, an
earthen mound, and two depressions.
The shovel tests failed to locate any subsurface indications pertaining to fee cures indicative of
the historic landscape. The preliminary interpretation of the stratigraphic > equence for Area
B indicates a 0.5 to 1 ft deposit of surface soil resting on a silty clay subsoil. No discrete
deposits from the period of the club occupation could be differentiated from post-club
habitation of the cottage. Artifacts were recovered from 25 of the 35 exca ated shovel tests,
and were scattered throughout the surface yard deposit. The artifacts d ite from the late
nineteenth through twentieth centuries and most likely represent incideatal yard scatter.
Twentieth century refuse piles are located in the forested area adjacent to the rear property
line.
Two depressions were observed in the rear yard. One was a 3 ft square c ;pression and the
other was a 15 ft-by-20 ft rectangular depression. Both depressions were tc sted to determine
if they represented surface indications of outbuildings. Both features wen restricted to the
surface soil zone and neither extended into the subsoil. The larger featim may represent a
planting bed. The function of the small depression could not be inferred.
A concrete box presumably for a privy is located along the rear property line Adjacent to this
box is an earthen mound. Local tradition holds that the mound represents the remnant of a
ramp that connected the cottage to the privy. There is no photographic e\ dence to support
this interpretation and the earthen mound was not tested. The date for init; al construction of
492
the privy is unknown. A soil auger was excavated into the privy fill to a depi h of 3 ft. The soil
matrix was a very dark grey loam with a large percentage of organic material. No artifacts were
observed
23 Area 3
Archeological investigations of this cottage lot, the reputed cottage of Phik ader Chase Knox,
consisted of the excavation of shovel tests and two 5 ft square test units (Figure 3). One test
unit was positioned to examine a soil change in the rear of the cottage :nd the other was
positioned to locate evidence of the boardwalk that ran in front of the cott ;ge.
The rear and side yards of this lot slope steeply from the rear of the lot to ( ae cottage. Three
landscape features were observed in the rear lot including a concrete privy box, a flat raised
area in the south corner of the rear yard, and an excavated area. The exca /ated area located
at the rear of the cottage represents the initial construction leveling of the steep slope to
accommodate construction of the cottage.
The shovel tests failed to identify information related to the aforementioned features. A shovel
test in the area which may have been artificially raised produced no eviden x that a structure
had been positioned at this location. Artifacts were recovered from 15 o! the 29 excavated
shovel tests. Recovered artifacts were scattered throughout the surface ) ord deposit. The
artifacts date from the late nineteenth through twentieth centuries and mo >t likely represent
incidental yard scatter. The preliminary interpretation of the stratigraphic : equence for Area
B indicates a 0.5 to 1.0 ft deposit of surface soil resting on a silty clay sul soil. No discrete
deposits from the period of the club occupation could be differentiate i from post-club
habitation of the cottage. A deposit adjacent to the southeast side of the po.ch may represent
a twentieth century trash midden. Additionally, twentieth century refuse p les are located in
the forested area adjacent to the rear property line.
The concrete privy box was not tested. Its design and dimensions are simiar to those of the
privy box identified in Area B. Shovel test 3.4.1 encountered a drain pipe which may be
associated with the privy box.
A shovel test excavated at the rear of the cottage recovered artifacts froD. 2.6 ft below the
ground surface. The shovel test was located at the base of the constructior cut bank. A test
unit was excavated to investigate the deeply buried deposits. A large tra.' h pit feature was
- 10-
493
encountered and excavated (Figure 7). Initially, the feature was thought to represent a utility
trench. The function of the feature was not ascertained until the feature w is excavated in its
entirety. A preliminary examination of the artifacts indicates that the trash pit post-dates the
club period. The presence of tooled crown finish beer bottles suggests a period of deposition
between 1892 and 1903. The crown finish was introduced in 1892 and automatic bottling
machines rapidly replaced hand tooled finishes after 1903 (Lorrain 1968).
A 5 ft square test unit was excavated at the east front of the building adjecent to the gravel
road. The unit was positioned to gather information on the boardwalk th: t ran between the
cottage and the lake during the club period. The unit was excavated to subsoil but no evidence
for the boardwalk was encountered.
2.4 Area 4
The rear and side yards of this lot were tested during the archeological inve ;tigations. During
the club period, the building on this lot may have functioned as a residence for the clubhouse
staff. Investigations of this lot involved the systematic excavation of shove I tests. The front
residence and the front and rear yards have been extensively modified (Figvje 4). In front of
the building, a parking area and landscape plantings have altered the original surface
configuration. A garage is located on the rear property line. No other sur ace indications of
possible landscape features were observed during the fieldwork. The date of the garage
construction is unknown. Investigations were hampered by the large refuse \ <iles that had been
created by the current rehabilitation of the building. Although 26 of the 3'' excavated shovel
tests contained artifacts, the preliminary artifact analysis indicates that they post-date the club
period. The artifacts most likely represent incidental twentieth-century yar 1 scatter.
11-
494
3.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS OF THE EXCAVATIONS
The four areas investigated in the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club Historic District
contain preserved archeological resources. Archeological investigations identified yard deposits
and landscape features. Preliminary artifact analysis suggests that the majority of artifacts were
deposited after the club had been disbanded and the properties occupied by workers of the
Maryland Coal Company. Additionally, the landscape features present in the lots probably date
to this time. No discrete yard deposits or landscape features associated with the 1879-89
occupation were identified at the clubhouse or any of the cottages. Additionally, no evidence
for the boardwalk has survived in front of the clubhouse and cottages.
Remnants of the demolished section of the clubhouse were encountered southeast of the
clubhouse. Archeological investigations determined that the foundation of the demolished wing
differed from that of the extant clubhouse. However, the age of the demolished wing could not
be ascertained. The surviving remnants of the building include brick footers, a wooden post,
and wooden beams. The only stratigraphic deposits associated with the building were from the
destruction episode. Discrete deposits associated with the use of the building were not
encountered. Demolition of the structure in the 1930s has altered the context of several of the
foundation elements. Furthermore, the installation of utilities has disturbed portions of the site.
Preliminary interpretations suggest that not enough archeological data have survived to
determine the architectural footprint of the demolished wing.
In summary, Phase I archeological investigations identified and evaluated the yards of four lots.
Discrete yard deposits or landscape features associated with the 1879-89 South Fork Fishing and
Hunting Club were not identified. The remnants of a demolished section of the clubhouse were
identified a id excavated. No evidence of the boardwalk was found. An early- to middle-
twentieth century refuse pit was identified and investigated at one cottage location. No
potentially significant archeological deposits were identified as a result of the Phase I
investigations.
12-
495
4.0 REFERENCES CITED
Lorrain, Dcssamae
1968 An Archaeologist's Guide to Nineteenth Century American Glass. Historical
Archaeology 2:35-44.
McCullough, David
1968 The Johnstown Flood. Simon and Schuster, New York.
13-
496
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498
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499
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Main Street
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Figure 7
503
504
APPENDIX B.3. STRUCTURAL ENGINEER'S REPORT
The structural analysis was conducted by Pennoni and Associates of Philadelphia
contemporaneously with the architectural investigation by Landmarks Design
Associates and Wallace Roberts & Todd. The analysis identifies areas of the
buildings requiring structural stabilization, makes recommendations for
reinforcement, and comments on the structural feasibility of the proposed
treatments.
505
506
WRTA 9197-003.01
CLUBHOUSE
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
GENERAL
The Clubhouse is a wood framed building with steel columns and support
beams. The structure has three supported floors plus a sloping hipped roof. A
basement or crawl space extends beneath the main section of the building. The
construction is of the classic timber, platform framing type still in use today.
Perimeter basement walls are stone and brick masonry to the first floor level where
wood stud walls extend up to termination at the roof. There are two main interior
bearing lines at the main section of the building that are carried up from the
basement through the building. These bearing lines are used to support typical
wood joist floor framing throughout the building.
Floor framing layouts were developed from a structural field survey of the
building. Structural information was documented in areas where the structure was
already exposed. Further information was gathered through minor demolition used
to expose the structure in other areas, (i.e. remove floor boards, break through the
ceiling). The remainder of the structural system was established by interpolating
between areas exposed and documented and by noting the layout of each floor.
This portion of the report includes for each area, structural layouts and
conditions, analyzed floor capacities and recommendations in light of proposed
usage. Due to the limited nature of exposed areas for review and the limited scope
of this investigation, a comprehensive structural evaluation is not possible. The
following structural analysis is a general evaluation of the structural conditions of
the building. General framing layouts, general floor capacities and the general
507
physical conditions of the building were established from a limited visual inspection
of open and unobstructed areas of the premises on the date of the inspection.
Deterioration and deficiencies in concealed structural elements may exist and cannot
be evaluated in this report. Such deficiencies would alter the evaluated floor
capacities and change the structural recommendations of this report.
The main purpose of the structural analysis portion of this report is to:
1. Alert the owner of any evident structural deficiencies which may be
unsafe,
2. Report on general capacities and conditions of the structural systems
with respect to proposed usage,
3. Report on the structural viability of any future repairs, renovations or
restoration.
PRELIMINARY ASSUMPTIONS
Prior to structural analysis of the framing, the following assumptions were made:
1. Framing sizes and spacings are assumed to be the same in concealed
areas as in similar adjacent exposed areas.
2. The condition of framing members is assumed to be the same in
concealed areas as in similar adjacent exposed areas.
3. All wood framing is assumed to be eastern hemlock with minimum
allowable stresses of
a. extreme fibers in bending, Fb = 1000 psi.
b. horizontal shear, Fv = 70 psi.
4. All steel framing is assumed to have an allowable bending stress of, Fb =
14,000 psi.
5. Assumed usage for the building, as noted in the scope of work, is as a hotel
and restaurant. The current BOCA National Building Code requires the
508
following live load capacities for such an establishment:
hotel guest rooms 40 pounds per square foot
corridors 80 pounds per square foot
restaurant 100 pounds per square foot
public areas
and access thereto 100 pounds per square foot
The BOCA Code makes allowances for existing structures with regard to
conformance with current codes. This report makes recommendations as to the
adequacy of the floor capacities for proposed usage in view of the current code. It
should be left to the judgement of the local code official as to the usage and loading
code conformance with respect to existing structures.
EXISTING CONDITIONS
First Floor
The main portion of the building encompasses the eastern side for the length
of the building and the northwestern corner under rooms 100 thru 113. A basement
lies under the eastern 50 feet of the main building section. A crawl space lies under
the remainder of the main section of building, rooms 107 thru 113.
Existing first floor framing of the main building section is visible from the
basement area. Visibility of the framing in the crawl space areas, rooms 107 and 1 13
is limited. All framing conditions of the first floor are referenced to the first floor
framing plan in Figure 1 and as described below.
509
aASw
Figure 1
As previously noted two interior bearing lilies running north to south
originate at the basement and continue up through the building. These bearing lines
are centered in the building and are about 7 feet apart. Additionally two bearing
lines lie under the northwestern portion of the main building section running east
to west under room 110. The northwest portion is configured similar to the rest of
the main building section. These bearing lines originate at a 8x12" timber beam at
each line. The beams continue over the length of the bearing lines and span
approximately 12 to 13 feet between 3' x 3' stone piers. Additionally, bearing on
alternate stone piers, at about 26 feet on center are 4"xl0" steel I-shaped columns.
First floor framing for all supported areas consists of 2x10" wood joists at 16 inches
on center spanning from the basement perimeter walls to the bearing lines.
510
From what was visible from the basement area the joists appear in good
condition. However, at the two main bearing lines under room 102, the stone piers
have been removed. The piers removed were at a location where no columns were
present. These missing piers leave the 8x10" timber beams to span about 26 feet
unsupported. This unsupported length has allowed sagging in the beam causing
some checking and spliting. The western beam has been resupported with an 8 inch
timber post which has been propped under the beam. The eastern beam is still
unsupported. All masonry piers and walls appear in fair condition.
The porch structure of the first floor was rehabilitated at an earlier date. The
porch appears to have been refrained. The framing appears to be fairly new and in
good condition.
Second and Third Floors
The second and third floor framing systems are similar to each other. At the
second floor the steel columns extend up from the stone piers in the basement.
Double steel beams span approximately 26 feet between columns on the bearing
lines. A wood stud bearing wall extends the bearing line from the beams of the
second floor up to the third floor above. At the perimeter walls wood stud bearing
walls extend up from the basement wall in a platform framing configuration.
Typical wood stud bearing walls are 2x6" studs at 16 inches on center. Floor joists
of the second and third floors span similar to the first floor below. 2x10" joists span
approximately 15 feet from the perimeter walls to the bearing line and continue over
between bearing lines. A second and third floor exists at the main section of the
building only. The limited visibility of the second and third floors framing showed
little deterioration of the members. The joists appear in good condition. The second
and third floor framing plans are shown in figures 2 and 3 below.
511
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Roof Framing
The main roof framing system consists of a simp'e scheme of rafters, ridges,
hips, valleys and tie beams. The main roof shows little outward signs of
deterioration. Framing is most likely 2x10" rafters at 16 inches on center with tie
beams at the bearing level. It is assumed that the tie beams would bring all roof
loads back to the perimeter bearing walls for support.
The roof of the southeastern addition could not be investigated. The roof of
this area does exhibit some outward signs of deterioration such as sagging.
513
CAPACITIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
First Floor
Capacities of framing members were calculated using the field measured sizes
and spacings in conjunction with the preliminary assumptions previously noted.
Prior to any renovation of the building the piers that were removed from beneath
the main bearing beams under room 102 should be replaced. The post used to prop
the western beam in this area should also be replaced with proper construction. The
beam should be reinforced to strengthen it because of the checking and splitting
which has developed. Without replacement of the missing piers the area of room
102 exhibits a floor live load capacity of about 10 pounds per square foot. It has
been expressed that room 102 is subject to occasional use. The eastern bearing
beam under room 102 should be shored up immediately where the same pier has
been removed until such a time when construction can occur to replace the piers.
Renovation and restoration of the building is contingent upon replacement
of the missing piers. Existing live load capacities for the first floor are shown in
Figure 4 and described below assuming the piers have been replaced.
514
- 40 par
- 100 |Mf
I S rTA - REQUIRES FURTHER INV€ST)OATK)N
FTOT H-OCT LIVE LOAD CAPACnV
Figure 4
The 8"xl0" beams supporting the first floor will sustain a live load capacity
of 100 pounds per square foot. However, the joists spanning approximately 15 feet
from the bearing line to the perimeter walls exhibit a live load capacity of only 40
pounds per square foot. The current BOCA code requirement for restaurant usage
is a 100 pounds per square foot live load capacity. The existing floor joists of the
first floor must be reinforced to sustain the proper loading. Inquiries to the local
code official regarding exemptions to the 100 pounds per square foot live load
requirements because of being an existing structure may eliminate the need for joist
reinforcement at the first floor. The beams as noted are capable of supporting these
loads and need no reinforcement other than replacing and repairing the area where
the piers have been removed. The areas between bearing lines should sustain a live
loading of 100 pounds per square feet.
515
The areas below rooms 107 and 108 were inaccessible. A live load capacity
in these areas cannot be determined. However, some possible joist deterioration is
evident and these areas should be further investigated during constructed.
Second and Third Floors
The second and third floor areas exhibit similar framing and similar loading
capacities. They are shown in Figure 5 and described below.
E3S5BJ- wk*
EZ2Z3- 100 p««
~ #
2&&fl
BBCQP AID THFDFUCRLAemAD CAPACITY
Figure 5
516
Floor joists of the second and third floors as well as supporting beams and
walls are capable of supporting a live load capacity of 40 pounds per square foot.
These areas are beneath the guest rooms. This existing capacity is equal to the 40
pounds per square foot capacity required by code for hotel guestrooms. The area
between bearing lines, which is below the corridor areas, should sustain a live
loading of 100 pounds per square foot. This is in excess of the code required 80
pounds per square foot for hotel corridors. The second and third floors appear
capable of sustaining the required loads for the proposed usage with little or no
reinforcement.
Roof Framing
The existing main roof framing appears in good condition. It currently
sustains typical roof loadings and should continue to do so. Proper roofing and
waterproofing should be assured to eliminate any potential for water damage to the
roof framing. The roof framing of the southeastern addition area should be
investigated further to determine it continued adequacy.
CONCLUSION
Renovation and restoration of the club house for the proposed usage is
structurally feasible. Joist floor framing appears generally in good condition and
should sustain required loadings for the second and third floors without
reinforcement. Joists of the first floor must be reinforced in order to sustain loadings
required by the current code for its proposed usage. Alternately a reduction of load
requirements given by the local code official for existing structures may eliminate the
necessity for joist reinforcement. Prior to any renovation the missing piers at the
main bearing beams below room 102 must be replaced and the beam which has
checked and split must be reinforced. At a minimum, if current occupancy is to
continue, the eastern beam under room 102 where the pier has been removed must
be shored up. Continued occupancy without addressing the problem could be
unsafe. The building is safe however for continued study.
517
The scope of this structural analysis is limited and general. During any
renovation work, the owner should retain a licensed structural engineer to review
specific structural conditions. Any structural repair or reinforcement should be
designed by a licensed structural engineer. During any renovation work, any joist,
beam, wall or other possible structural deficiencies which may have been previously
concealed should be reported to the engineer for review. Proper repair design
would allow restoration to proceed.
Possible deficiencies which would not become evident in any restoration
construction would remain that way in the restored building. In light of this and
any potential liability, the owner should consider a comprehensive structural
evaluation. However, it is our opinion that such defects would be minimal. Most
pertinent structural conditions should become evident during restoration.
Restoration of the Clubhouse building to a hotel and restaurant is structurally
feasible.
518
WRTA 9197-003.01
BROWN COTTAGE
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
GENERAL
The Brown Cottage is a wood framed building. The structure has three
supported floors plus a sloping, hipped roof. The construction is of the classic
residential type still in use today. A basement extends beneath a portion of the
building. Perimeter basement walls are poured concrete infill between wood
posts/pilings up to the first floor level. These wood posts are partially encased in
concrete. At the top of the wall wood beams span between posts. Wood stud walls
extend from this beam up to termination at the roof. There is one main interior
bearing line that is carried up from the basement through the building. This bearing
line is used to support typical wood joist floor framing throughout the building.
Floor framing layouts were developed from a structural field survey of the
building. Structural information was documented in areas where the structure was
already exposed. Further information was gathered through minor demolition used
to expose the structure in other areas (i.e. remove floor boards, break through the
ceiling). The remainder of the structural system was established by interpolating
between areas exposed and documented and by noting the layout of each floor.
This portion of the report includes for each area structural layouts, conditions,
analyzed floor capacities and recommendations in light of proposed usage. Due to
the limited nature of exposed areas for review and the limited scope of this
investigation, a comprehensive structural evaluation is not possible. The following
structural analysis is a general evaluation of the structural conditions of the building.
General framing layouts, general floor capacities and the general physical conditions
of the building were established from a limited visual inspection of open and
519
unobstructed areas of the premises on the date of the inspection. Deterioration and
deficiencies in concealed structural elements may exist and cannot be evaluated in
this report. Such deficiencies would alter the evaluated floor capacities and change
the structural recommendations of this report.
The main purpose of the structural analysis portion of this report is to:
1) Alert the National Park Service of any evident structural deficiencies
which may be unsafe,
2) Report on general capacities and conditions of the structural system
with respect to proposed usage,
3) Report on the structural viability of any future repairs, renovations or
restoration.
PRELIMINARY ASSUMPTION
Prior to structural analysis of the framing, the following assumptions were made:
1) Framing sizes and spacings are assumed to be the same in concealed
areas as in similar adjacent exposed areas.
2) The condition of framing members is assumed to be the same in
concealed areas as in similar adjacent exposed areas.
3) All wood framing is assumed to be eastern hemlock with minimum
allowable stresses of
a). extreme fibers in bending, Fb = 1000 psi.
b). horizontal shear, Fv = 70 psi.
4) Assumed usage for the building, as noted in the scope of work, is as
rental housing. The current BOCA National Building Code requires
the following live load capacities for such an structure:
dwelling units 50 pounds per square foot
corridors 150 pounds per square foot
public areas
and access thereto 100 pounds per square foot
520
The BOCA Code makes allowances for existing structures with regard to
conformance with current codes. This section of the report makes recommendations
as to the adequacy of the floor capacities for proposed usage in view of the current
code. It should be left to the judgement of the local code official as to the usage and
loading code conformance with respect to existing structures.
EXISTING CONDITIONS
First Floor
The majority of the first floor framing is visible from the basement area. The
basement is divided into two disconnected northern and southern sections separated
by a masonry wall. All framing conditions of the first floor are referenced to first
floor framing plan in Figure 1 below.
As previously noted one interior bearing line originates at the basement and
continues up through the building. The bearing line runs north to south and crosses
the basement separation. The bearing line runs between first floor rooms 101 and
103 and rooms 106 and 107. At the southern section of the basement level the
bearing line starts at a pier supported timber girder. The girder is approximately 8"
x 10" and spans about 7 feet between 16" masonry piers and then continues over
about 9'-9" to bear on the masonry wall dividing wall. The masonry piers appear
in good condition. The girder in this portion of the building however appears to
have been damaged by termites. It is not clear if termite activity still exists. It has
been reinforced by nailing a 2x10 to the side of the girder.
521
8'x9 1/2'
B'x9 1/2'
N
io'-o'
eaara
RRST FLOOR FRAMNQ
Figure 1
Floor joists of this southern portion of the first floor framing span from the
front and rear perimeter walls to this bearing line. Perimeter walls consist of poured
concrete between wood post pilings with a wood beam spanning between posts.
Floor joists are 2x10 members at 16 inches on center which span about 15 feet over
a rear crawl space area and span approximately 17 feet over a basement in the front
portion. Visibility of the rear span condition is limited due to the crawl space
configuration. It appears that the framing members of this area have also been
damaged by termites. Additional joists are nailed to the original floor joist as a
means of reinforcement. The front span joists show small areas with evidence of
prior termite activity but no reinforcement is present and damage appears minimal.
The northern portion of the first floor framing consists of two spans of 2"xl0" wood
joist at 16 inches on center, similar to the southern portion, plus a kitchen addition
522
on the back of the building. The kitchen addition consists of 2x8 joists at 16 inches
on center spanning from a rear foundation wall to the main rear wall of the building.
The joists span over a crawl space area. The joists appear in good condition
although the crawl space configuration limited inspection access. An opening
existed in the main rear basement wall for access from the basement into the crawl
space. An 8x10 wood beam spans the opening and supports the floor joists of the
kitchen (Room 108) and of Room 107. The northern portion of first floor, excluding
the kitchen addition, has a basement under the full area. The main floor joists of the
building again span from perimeter basement walls to the main interior bearing line.
The bearing line consists of an 8x10" wood beam spanning about 10 feet from the
dividing wall to a brick fireplace foundation and from the fireplace foundation to the
side perimeter wall. At the sidewall bearing, the beam has been notched and
resupported by a 3 inch diameter steel-pipe jack post onto the basement slab. The
front span (under Room 106) of the floor joists has an intermediate support at about
5 feet from the main bearing line at the rear wall of the fireplace foundation. This
supports an 8x 10" wood beam spanning about 10 feet from the dividing wall to a
4x6 wood post. The joists and beams of the northern half of the first floor framing
appear in good condition.
Second Floor Framing
The second floor framing system spans similar to the floor below. The main bearing
line and perimeter walls are carried up from the basement by means of wood stud
bearing walls and wood headers over openings in the walls. Typical bearing walls
are 2x6" wood studs at 16 inches on center framed in a platform framing
configuration. The framing plan as shown below in figure 2 consists of the typical
2x10" wood joists at 16 inches on center. They span from the front and rear
perimeter walls to the wall at the main bearing line. The front and rear spans are
approximately 17 feet and 15 feet respectively.
523
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207
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TV
1 Q'-o"
SECOND FLOOR FRAMING
Figure 2
The floor framing is enclosed by floor decking and ceiling, therefore determining the
condition of the framing is difficult. The limited visibility of the floor framing
evidenced no damage or deterioration. Headers at the openings in the walls and
framing for floor openings of the stairs could not be investigated for size or
condition.
Third Floor Framing
The direction and configuration of the third floor framing as shown in Figure 3
below is similar to that of the second floor. Joists again span from front and rear
perimeter stud walls to the main bearing line. Third floor framing differs from floors
below in that the framing at rooms 303 and 304 consists of 2X8" joists at 16 inches
524
on center. Rooms 301 and 302 exhibit the typical 2X10" at 16 inches on center floor
joists. In Room 301 the bare joists are exposed with no floor deck present. Again
headers and stair openings could not be evaluated without extensive demolition of
the finishes. Visible joists appeared in good condition.
MS
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ii — i
n i
ii ir
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'J ^ 1.VJ
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3— i
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1 0'-Q"
TURD FLCX>R F=RAMING
Figure 3
Porch (at first floor)
Framing for the porch at the first floor consists of 2X8 wood joists at about 20 inches
on center. These joists span approximately 8 feet between 2x8 wood beams. These
beams are supported at the basement wall of the building and at masonry piers at
the porch edge. At the eastern corner of the porch a 2x10 beam runs diagonally
from the corner of the building to the corner of the porch. Porch joists are toe-nailed
into this beam and in turn the beam is toe-nailed to the wood beam running on top
525
of the basement wall. This connection to the basement wall has broken loose
causing the porch to sag drastically when walked upon. In addition, several of the
beams are notched our to receive the joists on top. The piers and basement walls
appear in good condition. The connections of the joists and beams however are not
in good condition. The deck of the porch shows some deterioration but generally
appears in fair condition.
Roof Framing
The main roof framing system consists of an elaborate scheme of the rafters, hips,
valleys and tie beams. The finishes, ceilings and roofing did not allow investigation
of sizes and conditions of the roof framing without substantial demolition. There are
no visible indications of deterioration or deficiencies. No substantial deflection or
sagging is evident.
The secondary roof framing of the front porch again is not visible due to finishes.
The porch roof however does exhibit noticeable deflections in some areas. There is
also evidence of wood deterioration and rotting at the overhanging eaves.
Stairs
The finishes of the stairs again prevented investigation without demolition. Visible
evidence suggests that the stairs are in fair condition and adequate for continued
usage.
CAPACITIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
First Floor
Capacities of framing members were calculated using the field measured sizes and
spacings in conjunction with the preliminary assumptions previously noted. In
526
general it was found that floor joists were designed to sustain capacities consistent
with that of a residential structure. Proposed usage as rental housing corresponds
with these loading capacities. However, the joist capacity does not control the
allowable floor live loading in the southern half of the building. Strength
deficiencies in supporting timber beams which span between piers of the southern
portion of the main bearing line limit the floor capacity of the first floor as well as
upper floors. This beam, assuming its physical condition still allowed it to develop
its full capacity, exhibit an average live load capacity of only about 10 pounds per
square foot for the southern half of the building on all floors. Termite damage to
this southern side main bearing beam compounds the problem. The mandatory first
step in rehabilitating the building is to verify that the presence and activity of
termites no longer exists. Subsequently, the beam which comprises the main bearing
line for the southern half of the building must be reinforced to allow any possible
usage. It is recommended that the owner engage a structural engineer to design the
reinforcement for the eastern half main bearing beam and any other deficiencies
subsequently noted.
Assuming the southern bearing beam will be reinforced, the floor live load capacities
were found to be as shown in figure 4 and described below.
527
- 45 p»f
- 50 p»f
_^ - 33 psf
Y777T,
10- 0'
BSBBfl
iV
FfiffT RjOOR LIVE LOAD CAPACITY
Figure 4
Rooms 101 and the northern half of Room 106 exhibit similar framing conditions and
allow a live load capacity of 35 pounds per square foot. The southern half of Room
106, with an intermediate support beam, has a 55 pound per square foot live load
capacity. The slightly shorter span of room 107 has a 45 pound per square foot live
load capacity. The rear kitchen addition should sustain a live loading of 50 pounds
per square foot. Supporting beams in this western area also allow these same
loading.
These loading capacities as previously noted are consistent with that of a residential
structure. The proposed usage suggests rental housing. Current code requires
similar 30 and 40 pounds per square foot capacities for residential sleeping and
dwelling areas respectively.
Deficiencies exist in the southwest room 103. This area has been damaged by
termites. Reinforcing because of the termite damage is evident. The adequacy and
528
capacity of the reinforcement could not be determined because of limited access
during investigation. It is questionable however that the reinforcement would allow
the capacity needed for residential usage. Further investigation of this area is
suggested.
Second Floor
The existing floor framing of the second floor appears in good condition.
Again after reinforcement of the southern bearing beam in the basement below, the
floor joists should sustain live loadings consistent with residential structures.
Eastern rooms 204 and 206 should sustain 35 pounds per square foot of live load.
The western rooms 202and 208 should sustain live loads of 45 pounds per square
foot. These capacities are shown in the schematic plan of Figure 5 below.
HiiSiiriiil - 45 psf
nnrrmi - 90 P»f
31 TpTxa'LdJJJJJJIil
JJdUdUdJJdli;
auziuzsuziiinuziun,
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N
1Q'-0'
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8ECX>P FLOOR UVE LOAD CAPACfTY
Figure 5
Similar to the first floor, loads are consistent with proposed usage. Rehabilitation
would not require structural repair other than that previously noted.
529
Third Floor
The existing floor framing of the third floor appears in good condition.
Contingent upon reinforcing of the eastern bearing beam in the basement the floor
live load capacities are as shown in Figure 6 and described below.
20 ptf
23 psf
^W*fl " 35 ptf
Eli^i^nl - 45 ptf
THIS AREA REQUIRES DECKING
r— IMIS AKtA KtUUIKt:
ildJJdifeUzJilzJJJdji II I
IJJdUdUdUzJJJdlJ
IdlidUdu^UdUdjif:
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irJJJdU 31/1 LjdlJdli
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N
10'-0*
BEBB
TUP FLOOR UVE LOAD CAPACfTY
Figure 6
The floor joists of room 302 should sustain a live load capacity of 35 pounds
per square feet. The joists of room 301 currently have no floor deck. With the
addition of the proper decking the area exhibits a live load capacity of 45 pounds per
square foot. In rooms 304 and 303 smaller joist framing was encountered dictating
lesser live load capacities of 20 and 25 pound per square foot respectively. These
areas would be adequate for residential attic space only. Upgrade to the loading
requirements for residential sleeping or dwelling areas would require reinforcement.
The local code official may allow housing usage without reinforcement of these
areas.
530
Roof
The existing main roof framing appears in good condition. It currently
sustains typical roof loadings and should continue to do so. Proper roofing and
waterproofing should be assured to eliminate any potential for water damage to the
roof framing.
Front Porch (1st floor)
The front porch framing is in poor condition. The toe-nailed beam
connections, notched members and connections which have broken loose all decrease
the live load capacity of the porch to about 10 pounds per square foot. In addition,
the secondary roof at the front porch shows some sagging and some possible rotting.
Because of these substantial deficiencies it is recommended that the entire porch
structure be replaced and rebuilt. The supporting piers and basement wall are in
good condition and should allow for relatively easy refraining of the porch. Existing
members which are undamaged could possibly be reused in reconstruction.
Deficiencies appear too substantial to allow for simple repair or reinforcing. All
reframing should be designed by a licensed engineer.
CONCLUSION
Renovation and restoration of the Brown Cottage for the proposed usage is
structurally feasible. Some termite damage has been found in the building.
Verification of the absence and inactivity of termites should be the first order of
business. Joist floor framing (other than termite damaged and other areas noted)
generally appears in good condition and should sustain required loadings. Existing
floor capacities and most likely the original design capacities are consistent with that
of a residential structure. Prior to any renovation or any further occupancy of the
building the southern portion of the main bearing line does require reinforcement
and repair. Any future occupancy without this repair would be inadvisable. The
building is currently safe for continued study. The front porch of the building
contains many deficiencies and defects. It is recommended that any renovation
should include replacement of the porch structure (floor and roof).
531
After the southern portion of the main bearing line is repaired and reinforced,
the only floor areas which do not appear to meet the loading requirements of the
proposed housing usage are third floor rooms 304 and 306 and room 103. The third
floor rooms would require reinforcement to meet code loading requirements for
residential sleeping rooms. These rooms however are adequate for residential attic
loadings. The local code official may allow housing usage without reinforcement of
these areas. Room 103 requires further investigation (removal of flooring) to
investigate the extent of termite damage and the capacity of this area.
The scope of this structural analysis is limited and general. During any
renovation work, the owner should retain a licensed structural engineer to review
specific structural conditions. Any structural repair or reinforcement should be
designed by a licensed structural engineer. During any renovation work any joist,
beam, wall, connection or other possible structural deficiencies which may have been
previously concealed should be reported to the engineer for review. Proper repair
design would allow restoration to proceed.
Possible deficiencies which would not become evident in any restoration
construction would remain that way in the restored building. In light of this and
any potential liability, the National Park Service should consider a comprehensive
structural evaluation. However, it is our opinion that such defects would be
minimal. Most pertinent structural conditions should become evident during
restoration.
532
WRTA 9197-003.01
MOORHEAD COTTAGE
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
GENERAL
The Moorhead Cottage is a wood framed building. The structure has three
supported floors plus a hipped roof. A basement extends beneath the entire
footprint of the building. The construction is of the classic residential type still in
use today. Perimeter basement walls are masonry block infill between brick
masonry piers up to the first floor level. At the top of the walls wood beams span
between piers. Wood stud walls extend up from this beam to termination at the
roof. There are two main interior bearing lines that are carried up from the
basement through the building. These bearing lines are used to support typical
wood joist floor framing throughout the building.
Floor framing layouts were developed from a structural field survey of the
building. Structural information was documented in areas where the structure was
already exposed. Further information was gathered through minor demolition used
to expose the structure in other areas. (i.e. remove floor boards, break through the
ceiling) The remainder of the structural system was established by interpolating
between areas exposed and documented and by noting the layout of each floor.
This portion of the report includes for each area, structural layouts and
conditions and analyzed floor capacities and recommendations in light of proposed
usage. Due to the limited nature of exposed areas for review and the limited scope
of this investigation, a comprehensive structural evaluation is not possible. The
following structural analysis is a general evaluation of the structural conditions of
the building. General framing layouts, general floor capacities and the general
physical conditions of the building were established from a limited visual inspection
of open and unobstructed areas of the premises on the date of the inspection.
534
Deterioration and deficiencies in concealed structural elements may exist and cannot
be evaluated in this report. Such deficiencies would alter the evaluated floor
capacities and change the structural recommendations of this report.
The main purpose of the structural analysis portion of this report is to:
1. Alert the National Park Service of any evident structural deficiencies which
may be unsafe,
2. Report on general capacities and conditions of the structural systems with
respect to proposed usage,
3. Report on the structural viability of any future repairs, renovations or
restoration.
PRELIMINARY ASSUMPTIONS
Prior to structural analysis of the framing, the following assumptions were made:
1. Framing sizes and spacings are assumed to be the same in concealed areas
as in similar adjacent exposed areas.
2. The condition of framing members is assumed to be the same
in concealed areas as in similar adjacent exposed areas.
3. All wood framing is assumed to be eastern hemlock with minimum allowable
stresses of
a. extreme fibers in bending, Fb = 1000 psi.
b. horizontal shear, Fv = 70 psi.
4. Assumed usage for the building, as noted in the scope of work, is as a multi-
purpose building. At the first floor the existing kitchen will be rehabilitated
to a working kitchen, the southeast room is proposed for library use
and the remainder of the first floor is proposed for historic restoration and
exhibit. The second floor is proposed for historic restoration and exhibit also
and the third floor is proposed for office space. The current BOCA National
Building Code requires the following live load capacities for such an
establishment:
office 50 pounds per square foot
535
library 150 pounds per square foot
public areas
and access thereto 100 pounds per square foot
exhibit areas 100 pounds per square foot
The BOCA Code makes allowances for existing structures with regard to
conformance with current codes. This report makes recommendations as to the
adequacy of the floor capacities for proposed usage in view of the current code. It
should be left to the judgement of the local code official as to the usage and loading
code conformance with respect to existing structures.
EXISTING CONDITIONS
First Floor
Existing first floor framing is visible from the basement area. All framing
conditions of the first floor are referenced to the First Floor Framing Plan in Figure
1. below.
536
BEARING LINE #1 m ,
BEARING UNE 12
8" MASONRY
2x10"
9 16 O.C..E
10"x6"-
2"x10"
@ 16 o.c.
[^
CVTn----
--ir-ir-" ir-ii
JUL, Hi— — -7 1/2'x7 1/2'
Yi/2xio"
@ 16 o.c. %,
! I _ 3"x10"
^ ' V(2)2'x9 3/4"
2"x7 3/4"
@ 20" o.c.
1Q'-0'
iV
nRST FLOOR FRAMING
Figure 1
As previously noted two interior bearing lines running east to west originate at the
basement and continue up through the building. The first bearing line (#1) runs
between first floor rooms 101 and 104. At the basemen1; level this bearing line starts
at an 8 inch masonry wall. Floor joists for rooms 104, 105, 106 and 107 span from
the northern perimeter wall to this line. These joists are 2 1/2" x 10" (actual
dimension) timber members spanning approximately 18 feet. Beneath room 104 an
8" masonry partition wall encloses the fireplace foundation and cuts the joist span
to approximately 13 feet. Below room 105 the joist span is cut in half to
approximately 9 feet where a 7 1/2" x 7 1/2" timber beam supports them midway
between walls. This beam is in turn supported on masonry piers. The walls and
timber framing in this area (below rooms 104, 106, and 107) seems to be in good
condition. No significant checking, splitting or warping is evident.
537
At the entrance to room 104 lies an exterior porch. Framing consists of 2" x 8"
joists at 20" on center. The joists use the same bearing lines as room 104 and, similar
to that area, a masonry partition wall below shorten the span. A 6" x 10" timber
beam lies beneath the entrance wall and runs parallel to the floor framing.
The second bearing line (#2) runs between rooms 101 and 102. At the basement
level this line starts at a double line of beams. Floor framing for the middle portion
(rooms 100 and 101) of the first floor consist of 2" x 10" joists at 16" on center
spanning about 12 feet from this bearing line to bearing line #1.
This beam bearing line #2 consists of 6" x 10" timber beams spanning
approximately 11 feet between V x T masonry piers. The two lines are offset by
approximately 1 foot. Neither beam line extends over the length of the building.
Overlap occurs only beneath the entrance from room 100 to room 103. At the
western beam line, the masonry pier under the corners of rooms 100, 101, 102 and
103 has been cut away. The pier has been replaced with an 8" diameter timber post.
This post is unmilled, unfinished wood used to prop up the timber beam. The
condition of this bearing line is suspect. Masonry piers are out of plumb. Water
staining is evident suggesting possible water damage. Unmilled lumber is not used
in standard construction suggesting previous alterations.
The southern most area of floor framing lies under rooms 102 and 103. The floor
of room 103 is severely sloped. The framing consists of again 2" x 10" joists at 16"
on center. These joists span from the southern most perimeter basement wall to the
double beam bearing line. The condition of the joists in this area appears fair. The
southern basement perimeter wall however does exhibit a hole in the masonry block
infill between brick piers. Exterior grade slopes down from the first floor level at
this location and allows substantial water penetration into the basement area.
The porch at the entrance to room 101 exhibits similar framing to the typical floor
structure and uses an 8 inch exterior masonry wall for bearing. This basement and
porch area and their walls appear to have been built at a lime later than that of the
538
main structure. The eastern, non-bearing basement wall of this area seems to have
shifted and is leaning out moderately.
Second and Third Floor Framing
The second and third floor framing systems are similar to each other. Bearing
walls extend up from the bearing lines below the first floor and from the perimeter
walls. Typical bearing walls are 2" x 6" wood studs at 16" on center. The framing
plans are as shown in figures 2 and 3 below.
r?===~
208
___„!
It
— ZL=.----L--I
=#
207
203
i M 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
__-J!
— ii
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@ 16 o.c. i!
205
ii
266
_ji L i J
200
y
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2 1/2"x10"
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o.c.
202
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n
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n 0
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n
ilJL
ir
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-=========-?^
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1Q'-0'
iV
SECOND FLOOR FRAMING
Figure 2
539
n:===============-
1 1
r^-----~------
2 1/2"x10"
@ 16 o.c.
,,1111111
,1111111
,U-i- ujji 1;
1.1-
IU
II
CI
1
303
300
i
//
-i ?
i i
[,__, 2 1/2"x10"
1 "| @ 16 o.c.
302
CNJ
U3
2 1/2"x10"
@ 16
ir-"
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304
O.C. IL.
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301
l^t^^^^
1Q'-0'
TURD FLOOR FRAMING
N
Figure 3
As floors below, 2" x 10" joists at 16" on center are the typical floor framing
members. Joist spans at the northern section of the building are approximately 18
feet. The span of the middle section of framing is approximately 13 feet. The spans
at the southern section of the building are approximately 18 feet and 13 feet at rooms
202(302) and 203(303) respectively. The second and third floors framing are enclosed
by floor decking and ceiling, therefore determining the condition of the framing is
difficult. The minimal, unobstructed areas witnessed no significant deterioration.
Framing appeared in good condition.
540
Roof Framing
The roof framing system consists of an elaborate scheme of rafters, hips and tie
beams. The framing is in fair condition and shows few signs of deterioration.
Framing consists of mainly 2x8" and 10" rafters and hip beams. Bearing lines seem
to be in line with the typical bearing lines carried through the building below.
Stairs
The main stairs of the building are in poor condition. The main stair run of each
floor consists of a 3 piece, bent wood stair stringer with a newel post. A newel post
does not act as a vertical support to the stringer. It acts as a rigid connection
between bends of the stringer. Time and repeated loading has deteriorated the
newel post connection. The post now acts as a pinned connection and rotation is
evident between stringer bends. Some portions of the stair have visibly dropped
down from their original positions. Further stair framing was not visible for
documentation.
CAPACITIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
First Floor
Capacities of framing members were calculated using the field measured sizes
and spacings in conjunction with the preliminary assumptions previously noted. In
general, floor joist capacities were below code requirements for the proposed usage.
However, the joist capacity does not control the allowable floor live loading for
much of the first floor area. Strength deficiencies in supporting timber beams,
especially along bearing line #2, further limit the floor capacity for the first floor as
well as upper floors. Beams of bearing line #2, assuming their physical condition
still allows them to develop their full capacity, exhibit an average live load capacity
of only about 10 pounds per square foot for the southern and middle areas on all
floors. If the building is to be rehabilitated and used, regardless of the usage, the
541
timber beam members along bearing line #2 of the first floor framing must be
reinforced. It is recommended that the owner engage a structural engineer to design
the reinforcement for the bearing line and any other deficient areas. Once bearing
line #2 has been repaired these floor areas should sustain a minimum capacity of 40
pounds per square foot. This would conform to required loadings for a residential
structure but is still inferior to the loading requirements for the multiple purposes
of the building as noted in the Preliminary Assumptions. Substantial reinforcement
to a majority of the joist members would be required in order to attain proposed
usage capacities.
The masonry wall which bases bearing line #1 appears in good condition. Floor
capacities in that area are therefore controlled by the joist framing. Rooms 106 and
107 should have a floor live load capacity of 40 pounds per square foot, while the
shortened span of room 104 allows a greater, 100 pounds per square foot live load
capacity.
In Figure 4 below floor capacities of the first floor are noted. These capacities
and, in fact, any proposed usage is contingent upon reinforcement of bearing line #2.
542
BEARING LINE #1 m
528823 - 40 p.f
I 1 - 55 psf
- 83 psf
- 100 psf
nrer floor live load capacity
Figure 4
The floor capacity of room 105 is also 40 pounds per square foot, however the
beam shortened span of the joists has potential for up to 60 pounds per square foot
if the 7 1 /2" beam is reinforced.
The severely sloping floor experienced in room 103 is most likely due to a
combination of the inadequacy of bearing line #2 and possible settlement of the
perimeter walls in that area. After the remedial work is done to bearing line #2 the
floor should again be checked to see if the sloping has been mitigated. Evaluation
should be made at that time to see if foundation reinforcement for settlement is
necessary.
Basement walls of the building appear in good condition. The southern most
wall does however exhibit a hole in the masonry block infill between brick piers.
This hole allows water penetration. This wall should be rebuilt or repaired as
necessary to enclose the basement and first floor framing and protect them from
543
weather. In addition the piers of bearing line #2 should be analyzed and reinforced
as necessary to correspond with any reinforcement of bearing beams above. The
unmilled timber post of bearing line #2 should be replaced and the supporting pier
should be rebuilt. New piers should be built as necessary along bearing line #2 to
facilitate beam reinforcement.
Second and Third Floors
Existing floor framing of the second and third floors appears in good condition.
Again, after reinforcement of bearing line #2, floor joists should sustain loadings
compatible with a residential structure. The loading requirements of the proposed
usage however are in excess of these capacities and substantial reinforcement would
be required to all joist members to attain proposed use capacities. The northern
portion of the second and third floors has a capacity of 40 pounds per square foot.
The middle portion of these floors has a capacity of 85 pounds per square foot.
These capacities are shown in the schematic plans below.
544
Y77777A - 83 P.f
10'- 0"
8EOOM3 FLOOR LIVE LOAD CAPACfTY
Figure 5
545
ESSS3 - «o p"
Y/////A - 85 p.f
1O'-0"
WWW
ir
TfffP FLOOR LIVE LOAD CAPAQfTY
Figure 6
Stairs
The existing stairs are not adequate to sustain continued usage. It is
recommended that, prior to any further renovation work and after reinforcement of
the bearing line, repair of the stairs should be completed. Repairs should be
designed by a licensed structural engineer. Repairs could possibly consist of reuse
of the existing newel posts to rigidly reconnect new stair stringers. The stringer
connection to the newel post is most likely where the current deficiency lies.
Roof Framing
The existing roof framing appears in good condition. It currently sustains typical
roof loadings and should continue to do so. Proper roofing and waterproofing
should be assured to eliminate any potential for water damage to the roof framing.
Any restoration of the roof to its original towered peak should be engineered.
54 h
CONCLUSION
Renovation and restoration of ihe Moorhead Cottage for the proposed usage is
structurally feasible with significant modifications to the structure of the building.
Joist floor framing generally appears in good condition. However, existing floor
capacities and most likely the original design capacities are consistent with that of
a residential structure and do not meet the capacity requirements of the proposed
usage. A special code allowance from the local code official or substantial
reinforcement of all floor areas is required for restoration and renovation to the
proposed usage.
Regardless of the proposed usage and prior to any renovation or any further
occupancy of the building the main bearing line #2 does require reinforcement and
repair. Following line #2 reinforcement, the main stair should be repaired. Any
continued occupancy would be unsafe in light of both the stair and the bearing line
deficiencies. The building, however, is currently safe for continued study.
After bearing line reinforcement, the framing appears to be able to sustain a
minimum of 40 pounds per square foot. This loading is compatible with that
required by residential structures but not suitable for the multi-purpose proposed
usage.
Upgrade of the structural capacities for the second and third floors in particular
would be difficult and costly because the structure of these areas is enclosed with
little possibility for intermediate support. However, upgrade of the first floor
capacity may be more feasible since the structure is exposed with the possibility of
installing intermediate supports in the basement.
The scope of this structural analysis is limited and general. During any
renovation work, the National Park Service should retain a licensed structural
engineer to review specific structural conditions. Any structural repair or
reinforcement should be designed by a licensed structural engineer. During any
547
renovation work, any joist, beam, wall or other possible structural deficiencies which
may have been previously concealed should be reported to the engineer for review.
Proper repair design would allow restoration to proceed.
Possible deficiencies which would not become evident in any restoration
construction would remain that way in the restored building. In light of this and
any potential liability, the National Park Service should consider a comprehensive
structural evaluation. However, it is our opinion that such defects would be
minimal. Most pertinent structural conditions should become evident during
restoration.
All recommendations and conclusions of this section of the report are made with
respect to the proposed usages in the previously noted Preliminary Assumptions.
Any variance of the proposed use would change the recommendations and
conclusions of this report although the structural capacities as noted would not
change.
Restoration of the Moorhead Cottage and renovation to its proposed multi-
purpose usage is structurally feasible. However, substantial structural
modification and reinforcement would be required. Such modifications would
most likely be costly. Special code allowance for existing structures given by the
local code official could mitigate repairs required.
548
APPENDIX B.4. CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
COTTAGE & CLUBHOUSE DESIGNS
As discussed in the Historical Narrative of this Historic Structures Report, no evidence
has been discovered to date to attribute any of the South Fork Club buildings to any
particular architects. Alternatively, the cottages and the Clubhouse may have been
derived from patternbooks of the time. A study of a number of contemporaneous
patternbooks revealed some similar designs and provided some precedents for the
conjectural plans. Those examples which were found to be of particular relevance are
illustrated on the pages that follow.
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Figure 2
Clubhouse of the Greenwood Lake Association
First and Second Floor Plans
Vancampen Taylor, Architect, Newark, NJ
1883
Source: Comstock, William T., Country Houses and Seaside Cottages of the
Victorian Era. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1989, Plate XXXIX.
Slightly revised publication of original Comstock publication, American Cottages .
New York: William T. Comstock, Architectural Publisher, 1883.
The plans of this contemporaneous clubhouse design suggest the public, support,
and sleeping spaces that might have typified a building of this type.
553
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Figure 4
Design for New York Athletic Club's Country Club House
Exterior Renderings and First, Second, and Third Floor Plans
George Martin Huss, Architect
1888
Source: Scully, Vincent, The Architecture of the American Summer. New York:
Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1989, Plate 82.
First published in American Architect and Building News, Vol. 23, No. 649, 2 June
1888.
While higher-styled and more complex in plan than the South Fork Clubhouse, this
design provides additional evidence to support the room functions and adjacencies
proposed in the 1889 conjectural plans.
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Figure 7
Plate XIV
Exterior Rendering and First and Second Floor Plans
Palliser, Architect
1878
Source: Palliser' s Model Homes. Bridgeport, CT: Palliser, Palliser & Co., 1878.
Republished in Felton, CA: Glenwood Publishers, 1972, Plate XrV.
This design, which pre-dates the Moorhead Cottage by approximately five years,
illustrates two possible functions for the small windowed room adjoining the dining
room: "Plant Cabinet" or "Bath R."
563
Plate XI T.
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Figure 8
House Recently Erected in California
Plans, Exterior Elevations, and Details
1881
Source: Comstock, William T., Victorian Dometic Architectural Plans and Details.
New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1987. Slightly revised republication of original
Comstock Publication, Modern Architectural Designs and Details . . .. New York:
William T. Comstock, Architectural Publisher, 1881.
This plan illustrates one of many precedents for a full second story bath, as well as an
unusual kitchen -dining room transition that might be useful in explaining the
Moorhead Cottage arrangement.
565
■■'~<LXd-H oust: s*^—.
RECENTLY ERECTED
I N
CALI FORN1A.
DETAILS OF
MMN STMRS.
Figure 9
A Cottage Design and A Cottage
Plans and Exterior Elevations
Wm. B. Tuthill, New York City, Architect
c.1883
Source: Comstock, William T., Country Houses and Seaside Cottages of the
Victorian Era. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1989. Slightly revised
republication of original Comstock publication, American Cottages .... New York:
William T. Comstock, Architectural Publisher, 1883, Plate V.
Here are illustrated two designs where entry is directly into a large square hall with a
large fireplace, one central and the other exterior, and both with adjoining stairwells,
as has been suggested in the conjectural plans for the Brown Cottage.
567
AMERICAN COTTAGES.
Plate V
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AMERICAN COTTAGES.
Plate VII
570
APPENDIX B.5. MAPS
Nine historic maps, dating from 1890 to 1972, have been identified which show the South
Fork Fishing and Hunting Club site. The maps were used, in conjunction with the
historic photographs, to develop the Conjectural 1889 Site Plan in Section III. A. Based
on the Caldwell 1890 Atlas, the map of Conemaugh Lake prepared by George M. Wertz
in 1907, the plan of St. Michael prepared by John Sechler in 1907, and the Clarke
photographs, it is believed that the Club had a total of fourteen cottages in 1889, plus the
Clubhouse and Annex.
Some discrepancies exist among the maps. The 1890 Atlas shows only four structures
to the north of the Clubhouse, while the Wertz and Sechler maps indicate five structures,
the first of which is the Annex. To the south of the Clubhouse, the Caldwell 1890 Atlas
shows only eight structures and the Sechler map shows only seven (although its
coverage ends at the Moorhead Cottage). The Wertz map, however, shows ten and the
Clarke photos collectively show these ten structures and their interrelationships. Both
the Sechler and Wertz maps confirm the demolition of the third cottage south of the
Clubhouse (No. 8) by 1907, as the structure does not appear on either map. The Wertz
map also shows an eleventh structure at the very southern end of the Club property to
the south of Cottage No. 1. Perhaps archaeological evidence can be uncovered to
determine whether a structure existed in that location. No photographs illustrate that
site.
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JEa level
. MAP ACCURACY STANOAR
/ <VEY. WASHINGTON. D. <
// 0 SYMBOLS IS AVAILABLE
map ACCURACY STANOAROS
. C 20242
ON REQUEST
OUAORANGLE LOCATION
'•."■■•on . ,ii'j/.n ii ju'p'c compiled in cooptrot'On Wtih
'.ill.- r.l l'i rn-./l..ini.i ai;on':i'.'. Iiom acnal phologiaphj
l.ikvn l'J/2 This inlo'malion not Neld checVcd
1964
PHOTOREVISED 1972
AMS 5264 IV SE-SERIES V6JI
,"65
■US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1993-840 227
590
As the nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has responsibility for
most of our nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This includes fostering sound use of
our land and water resources; protecting our fish, wildlife, and biological diversity; preserving the
environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical places; and providing for the
enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The department assesses our energy and mineral
resources and works to ensure that their development is in the best interests of all our people by
encouraging stewardship and citizen participation in their care. The department also has a major
responsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people who live in island territories
under U.S. administration.
The Southwestern Pennsylvania Heritage Preservation Commission is a federally appointed
organization within the Department of the Interior. The commission is a catalyst for partnership efforts
to conserve, interpret, and promote the sites, landscapes, and stories of America's industrial heritage
in southwestern Pennsylvania. Through this conservation and commemoration effort, the commission
will also stimulate economic development in the region. This product was prepared for the commission
through a partnership effort with the National Park Service.
NPS D-88 Volume 2 of 2 December 1993
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