The history and antiquities of Lambeth

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BY JOHN TANSWELl/

OV THE IKKEB TEMPLE ; MEMBER OV THE 8VBBEY ABCHJEOLOGICAL 80CIETT,
CAMDEN SOCIETY, ETC.

ILonlion : . - y ;

FREDERICK PICKTON,

PERErS PLACE, 29, OXFORD STREET.

f rr^ > *-

M.DCCC.LVIIiy

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THE NEW YORK

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THE MOST REVEREND

JOHN BIRD,

fffr^ 3.rttliis^ap of CanUrhrn,

PRIMATE OF ALL ENGLAND, AND METROPOLITAN,

&c. &c. &c.

THIS VOLUME

IS,

15 Y KIND P E R M 1 S S 1 O N,
MOST HUMBLY DEDICATED,

BY

HIS grace's obliged

AND VEEY OBEDIENT SERVANT,

THE AUTHOR.

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CONTENTS.

PA&B

Preface ix — xi'i

Genekal Survey op the Parish. — Boundaries — Its early Ortho-
graphy and variations — ^Extent in Domesday Survey — Divided
into eight Districts — List of Streets, Lanes, &c., in 1718 —
Bounds— Origin of Perambulations — Common Lands — Soil —
Population in different years — Poor-rates — Land-tax — Parish
Officers — Vestry — Borough of Lambeth — Members of Parlia-
ment — Police Court — County Court — Ecclesiastical Districts
— Boman Station in St. George's-iields — Lambeth Marsh —
Boman Bemains found — Boman Boad — Manufactures — Cele-
brated for Game — Bare Plants 1 — 16

Manorial History. — Descents of the Manors of Lambeth, Ken-
nington, Vauxhall, Stockwell, and Levehurst, from the time
of King Edward the Confessor — Customs of the Manors —
Extract from Saxon Charter of King Edward the Confessor
— Extracts (facsimiles) from the Domesday Survey relating to
these Manors — Pedigree of Leigh Family — Manors of Bodde-
leys, Upgrove, Scarletts, and Lambeth Wyke, alias Wyke
Court — Acts of Parliament relative to the Enfranchisement of

Copyholds, &c 17—43

6

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VI CONTENTS.

PAOB

Lambeth Palace. — Its Origin, and of the subsequent erections
and improvements to the present time, including Accounts of
the Gateway, Court, Great Hall and Manuscript Boom —
Library — Description of the Books and Manuscripts — the
Guard Room — Vestry — Chapel — Crypt— Lollards' Tower and
Prison, with facsimiles of the Inscriptions on the Walls made
by the Prisoners — Presence Chamber — Old Drawing Room-^
Cloisters— Steward's Parlour — Servants' Hall — Gardens and
Park 49—70

The Abohbishofs. — List of the Archbishops from St. Augustine,
consecrated a.d. 598, to the present time, with short Bio-
graphical Notices of each, their Atmorial Bearings, and several
£Gicsimile Autographs — ^Dispute between Archbishop Warham
and Cardinal Wolsey, Archbishop of York, with illustration
of Limington Church, Wolsey's first living — Anns of the See
of Canterbury, &c 71—96

The Churches. — ^Account of the Rebuilding of St. Mary's in
1851» with notices of its formor state — Account of Memorial
Windows, with the Inscriptions thereon — Leigh and Howard
Chapels — ^the Pedlar and his Dog-^the Tower and Bells, with
an account of their origin and the ceremonies used in ancient
times at their baptism, and InscriptiosB cm those at Lambeth
— the High Altar — Extracts from the Churchwardens' Books
respecting the Seats, Pulpit, &c.— the Hour-glass — Rood-loft
— Organ — ^Parish Registers, &c. — St. John's^ Waterloo-road
— St. Matthew's, Brixton — St. Luke's, Norwood — St. Mark's,
Kennington — Church of the Holy Trinity — St. Maiy the Less
—St. Michael'«, Stockwell— AU Saints— HoUand Chapel,
otherwise Christ Church — St. Andrew's, Stamford-street — St.
Thomas's, Westminster-road — St. Matthew's, Denmark-hiU —
Stockwell Episcopal Chapel — St. Paul's, Vauxhall— Verulam
Chapel— St. James's Chapel— St. John's, Angell Town— St.
Barnabas— Tulsc Hill— Notices of the Sdiools attached to
each chureh-^Names of the respective Incumbents, &c. . 97 — 130

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CONTENTS. VU

PAGS

Rectors of St. Mary's, Lambeth. — List of the Rectors, com-
mencing with Bishop Gilbert de GlanviQe in 1197 — Short
Biographical Notices of each 131 — 141

Monuments and Epitaphs. — Selection of the most interesting
Monuments in St. Mary's Church, including those of Arch-
bishops Parker, Sancroft, Tenison, Seeker, Comwallis, &c.
— the Howard Family — Remarkable Account of a branch of
the noble house of Beaufort. — In the Churchward: wter alia,
Tradescant's Tomb, with Biographical Account of that great
Naturalist — Monuments in St. Matthew's Church, Brixton ;
St. John's, Waterloo-road ; Norwood Cemetery, &c. . 143 — 170

Antique and other Buildings. — ^Account of Bonner's House
— Carlisle House — ^Norfolk House — Copt Hall — Vauxhall —
Caron House — Cuper's Gardens — Spring Gardens — ^VauxhaU
Gardens — ^Astley's Amphitheatre — ^Victoria Theatre — Paro-
chial Schools — ^Tenison's School — Major Lawrence's Alms-
houses — St. John's School — Eldon School — Licensed Vic-
tuallers' School — Ragged Schools — ^Asylum for Female Orphans
— Caron's Almshouses — General Lying-in Hospital — Royal
Lifirmary — St. Patrick's Society — ^Clayland's — Westminster
Bridge — Waterloo Bridge — Charing Cross Bridge — Lambeth
Water Works— South London Water Works, &c. -171—196

Remarkable Events. — Commencing with the year 1016, when
Cnute laid siege to London, and ^' sank a deep ditch on the
south side, and dragged his ships to the west side, of the
bridge," and embracing all events of importance connected
with Lambeth to the present time — Account of the great
Chartist Meeting at Kennington Common in 1848, &c. —
Account of the Gipsies at Norwood — Remarkable Instances
of Longevity, &c 197—224

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Vm CONTENTS.

PAOB

Appendix A. — Extracts from the Subsidy Bolls from 1331 to
1642, containing interesting information respecting the early
Inhabitants of the Parish 225—237

Appendix B. — Copy of the Award made pursuant to the Metro-
politan Local Management Act, dividing Lambeth into eight
Wards 238—240

Appendix C. — Statement of all the Charities in Lambeth . 241 — 245
Addenda, et Corrigenda 247

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PREFACE,

The Parish of Lambeth — ^from its having been from the
earliest times the principal residence of the Archbishop of
Canterbury, the clerical head of the Established Church, and
from its historical associations generally — ^is interesting not
only to its inhabitants, but to the pubhc at large.

In thirty years no " History of Lambeth" has appeared.
Since that time, important changes have occurred in the parish,
many new churches have been built, the mother church has
been re-edified, and the parish has given its name to one of
the new boroughs created by the Reform Act. Moreover,
previous histories, from their very expensive character, were
beyond the reach of the many ; it therefore appeared to the
Editor, that if the more interesting facts of those histories, a
notice of subsequent changes and events, together with original
matter from the pubhc records, and other sources, were pub-
lished in a moderate and inexpensive form, it would prove
acceptable to the inhabitants of the parish, and to the public
generally.

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X PREFACE.

The taste for archaeological pursuits has been steadily pro*
gressing for some years past : yet there are still many who,
entirely engrossed in the all-important present, spare not a
moment, from their unceasing pursuit of mammon, to make
themselves acquainted with, and reflect upon, the condition of
their country and its rulers in past ages, and the characters,
avocations, and actions of their progenitors.

To these I would say, in the words of the Rev. John
Jessopp,^ that archaeology may "mix and blend with the
affairs of every-day life, with our hours of business, and our
moments of leisure — not only without interfering with our
occupations, but also diminishing the monotony of our toil.
Which, think you," he adds, "will pursue his avocations
with the more elastic spirit — ^he who passes through the
streets of Southwark with no other emotions than those of
gain; or he who, as he glances at the stately tower and
crumbling glories of the neighbouring church, can recall the
legend of the Ferryman Overs and his daughter Mary, who
founded a house of Sisters in the place where the last part of
that very Church of St. Mary Overy now stands ; who, as he
hastens through the defilement of Kent-street, can call to mind
the fact that he is treading upon the very Roman road itself
whereby, eighteen hundred years ago, Caesar's legions marched
into the metropolis ; who, as he passes the Talbot Inn, about
midway between these two extremes, can recollect that this is
the very identical " Tabard," that hostelrie where Chaucer tells
us, in verses still fresh after near 500 years have past, he lay

* Eedy to wenden on my pilgrimage
To Canterbury with devout courage ;*

^ In a paper readx by him before the Surrey Archaeological Society, at the
Bridge House Hotel, Southwark, May 10, 1854, and, with his permission,
here inserted.

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PRSFACE. XI

who, if required to extend his walk a few yards further still,
can forget the squalor of the notorious Lock's-fields, and the
degeneracy of Walworth, in the memory of those merry days
when the stalwart youth of London, the sturdy bowmen of
those romantic times, met together on those then verdant
and shady spots, to test their skill and prowess at the
Butts of Newington 1 *' " While, however, the altar which
archaeology has reared has received many worshippers, there
have likewise sprung up around this new religion many
sceptics. These latter, who seek in all things for the positive
and the useful, will coldly ask of what importance is a moss-
covered stone, a shattered column, or a headless statue ? In
their estimation, a bale of merchandize is preferable to a
flowered capital; and all the obelisks that Ue scattered on
the sands of Egypt are, in their eyes, less valuable than the
marble chimney-pieces which adorn their rooms.

" This preference is excusable in those indeed who make
industry their sole religion, but it will not hinder the ardent
worshippea^ of art from preserving the purity of their faith.
In the midst of those despised ruins — ^the imposing memorials
of a bygone age — there is more than one lesson to be gathered.
The philosopher submits his reason to the teaching of the
past; the poet nourishes his imagination by his recollections ;
the artist studies the models which its earlier and purer
traditions had created ; the historian verifies the speculations
he conceives by the records it has left ; and the religionist
derives from its silent and impressive teaching an ever-
recurring testimony to the vanity of all earthly things, which
leads him to look up alone to Him by Whom all things * were
and are created.'

"Let no one, then, exclaim against the inutility and folly
of that which tends so greatly to elevate man's heart and

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XU PREFACE.

soul ! No ; the sacred dust, the venerable ruin, the shattered
urn, are not dumb to those who know how to inspire them
with feeling and with speech. An eloquent voice speaks to
them from those ruins ; and upon walls blackened by time
they recognize in living characters the history of those who
now repose beneath their shelter ; through the dark shadow
of the night, that imparts a deeper blackness to the shattered
heap, or roofless abbey, they can recognize the hero or the
priest haunting the spots where his deeds of valour were
performed, or his crown of martyrdom endured/'

The credulity of antiquaries has been a prolific subject for
wit tod satire, from the time when Scott produced the
Antiquary to the present day ; and many are the jokes and
hons mots to which it has given rise. Among others may be
instanced the following as the production of two ladies, one
giving the puzzKng inscription, and the other the solution
ofit:—

"ROMAN INSCRIPTION FOUND NEAR LADLAND'S
HILL, IN THE PARISH OP DULWICH.

"The stone which bears the following inscription was found
in the old Roman road leading from Sydenham-common to
the bottom of Forest-hUl. The inscription appears to have
some reference to the Emperor Claudian, but whether it be an
epitaph or part of a triumphal inscription is not ascertained.
Antiquarians have suspected that some words prior to the
word Bene have been lost, together with the upper part of
the stone. The letters in the original are very much worn,
and the H I in the fourth line from the bottom has been
thought to be the numeral III."

THE LADY'S ANSWER.

'*' Andd idy outh ink, de arma dam, top erp» lex mew

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PREFACE.

XIU

ithaneng lishpre ten dedins cript ion ? Iha vebeen con vers
antwith puz zlesan dridd lesfr ommy oath. lean notm istak
eitfora nanc ientepi taph didt heem perorc laudi uscon cer
nbim sel fwit htrip e sell ers ? Wa simp ingt one ver aro
mane olony ? Apia ineng lishm anw ould ha vew rit ten —

(EXPLANATION.)

BENEATH THIS STONE
•REPOSETH CLAUD. COSTER,
TRIPESELLER OF IMPINGTON;

AS DOTH HIS CONSORT
JANE.''

M TH IS Slpi
"^ONEIVE .ftS '■■: ET I
H (I.A»JD*toVTER'
iRiP:E ; 5ELLE < R 0]

Ik- ^ ^ ^

f4

yi^i^w

Copy of the stone above referred to.

The above is extracted from Mr. Douglas AUport's History
of CamberweU. In 1845, this gentleman delivered a lecture
on Archaeology at the Walworth Literary Institute, which was
printed the same year. At page 7, he says : — " An interest-
ing relic, tending further to establish the antiquity of this
watercourse^, has been kindly furnished by a young friend,

1 Canute's Trench.

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XIV PREFACE.

who found it at the depth of about twenty feet below the
surface in a boring for water, very near the spot where it
crosses the Camberwell-road. Its figure, as represented here.

will preclude the necessity for any lengthened description,
though a few peculiarities may be mentioned. It is an en-
caustic tile, probably of about the fourteenth century. Though
much broken by the boring-rod, its original dimensions appear
to have been six inches square : its thickness is exactly one
inch. The pattern on its upper surface, though differing
from any I have elsewhere met with, has the usual character-
istics of such works. Four trefoils, each emblematic of the
Trinity, spring from a pierced centre at right angles with each
other ; and between these are four others bearing leaflets on
each side of the foot-stalk, which, falling back gracefully, en-
close those first mentioned, and thus form a series of eight
Hrinal triplicities,' indicative at once of the triune and tri-
partite nature of the Godhead. To the adept in symbolism,
it will at once occur that four is the number of the cherubic
emblems ; and this circumstance taken in connection with the
double circle studded with lozenges, which surrounds the tre-
foils, will readily suggest a reference to the mystic wheels of
Ezekiel, the rings of which were * full of eyes round about

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PREFACE. XV

them four ' (Ezek. i. 18). The pattern of this tile is not com*
plete in itself, but forms part of a larger design. The under
surface is crossed by flat raised ridges intersecting each other
at right angles, and leaving a clear interspace of about the
third of an inch : in one of these is the Lombardic h (H or N)
in yellow glaze. It is also drilled with holes, three quarters
of an inch apart, in the under side, and about half an inch in
depth, slightly inclined towards the side, which, receiving the
concrete in which it was intended to be bedded, would hold
the tile firmly down, whilst the square partitions would as
effectually prevent any lateral derangement of its position.
The traces of mortar upon its lower general surface are so
questionable, that were it not for more evident vestiges of it
in the pegholes and other places, I should incline to the
opinion that it had never been laid down, but formed part
of the waste of some ancient pottery, originally standing near
the place of its discovery. There are, however^ a few flakes
of fine white composition on the sides, which determine the
point, and lead me to conclude that it formed part of the floor
of some wayside chapel, probably dedicated to St. Thomas of
Canterbury, and built by one of the archbishops on the skirts
of his own manor of Waleorde. The well-known * Watering
of St. Thomas,* above mentioned, was fed by the very stream
on the banks of which this relic was exhumed.*'

After the above had appeared in print, Mr. Allport's "young
Mend '* — a medical student— communicated to him the inte-
resting fact that the tile, of which so much had been said,
formed part of those used for paving St. Giles's Church, Cam-
berwell, erected a few years since, and that the story of its
discovery in a boring for water was a pure fiction !

The Editor begs to acknowledge the courtesy and kind

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XVI PREFACE.

assistance received from his Grace the Archbishop of Canter-
bury, in the ready access afforded to the library at Lambeth
Palace ; from the Bishop of Winchester ; Felix Knyvett, Esq.;
the parochial clergy ; parish officers, and others.

A debt of thanks is also due to the Subscribers for their
kind support. The publication has been delayed in conse-
quence of the inadequacy of the funds to meet the expenses ;
and the Editor regrets to say, there is still a considerable
deficiency, arising, not from a paucity of subscribers, but from
the very low price at which the work is pubKshed.

In the compilation of the following pages, recourse has
been had to the works hereafter mentioned, in addition to the
public records and private information.

The Natural History and Antiquities of the County of Surrey.
By John Aubrey, F.R.S. 5 vols. 8vo. 1719.

The History and Antiquities of the Ccmnty of Surrey. By
the late Rev. Owen Manning, S.T.B., and William Bray, of
Shere, Esq., F.S.A. 3 vols, folio. 1804.

The History and Antiquities of the Parish of Lambeth. By
John Nichols. 4to. 1786.

Historical Particulars of Lambeth Parish and Lambeth Pa-
lace. By the Rev. Samuel Denne, M.A., F.S.A. 4to. 1795.

The History and Antiquities of the Parish of Lambeth. By
Thomas Allen. 8vo. 1828.

The History of Surrey. By Brayley and Mantell. 1840.

Lambeth and the Vatican^ &c.

Temple, May^ 1858.

I

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LAMBETH.

FJ E parish of Lambeth is situated on the south side

of the river Thames, in the eastern division of

the half-hundred of Brixton/ and county of Surrey.

It adjoins to the river Thames on the north; to

Battersea on the west and south ; to Christ Church,

St. George's Southwark, Newington, and Camberwell,

on the east ; and extends to Norwood, where it meets

at the spot where, till 1678, stood the Vicar's Oak,^ the

'parishes of Camberwell, Streatham, and Battersea.

^ So denominated from a stone or pillar erected by Bbixi, a Saxon pro-
prietor of these parts, and was memorable in his time as one of the boundary
marks of a manor in liambeth, belonging to the Abbey of Waltham, in the
reign of Edward the Confessor, 1062.

* In the Magna JBrittannia, is the following respecting the Vicar's Oak : —
** Here was a great wood, called Norwood, belonging to the archbishop,
wherein was ancienUy a tree, called the Yicar's Oak, where four parishes meet,
as it were, in one point. It is said to have consisted wholly of oaks, and
among them was one that bore miseltoe, which some were so hardy as to cut
for the gain of selling it to the apothecaries of London, leaving a branch to
sprout out. But they proved unfortunate after it ; for one of them fell lame,
another lost an eye; at length, in the year 1678, a certain man, notwithstanding
he was warned against it, upon account of what others had suffered, adventured
to cut the tree down, and he soon after broke his leg."
In the parish books are the following curious items : —

1583. — When we went our perambulation at Vicar's Oke, a, d,

in Bogation week 2 6

1704.— Paid for 1001b. of cheese, spent at Vicar's Oke . 8

1

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2 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

The name of this place has been variously written at diflTerent
periods. The eariiest record extant in which it is mentioned,
is a charter of King Edward the Confessor, dated 1062, con-
firming the several grants of the founder and others, to the
Abbey of Waltham, Essex ; and among others, "Lambe-hithe,
cum omnibus ad se pertinentibm campis, pascuiSypratis, silvis et
aquis'' In Domesday Book it is written Lancheiy which is
most probably a mistake; ancient historians have spelt it
Lamhhythy Lambhyde^ Lambhetz, Lamedh, LamheCy Lamheth,
LambythyLamUthey with several other variations, probal&ly occa-
sioned partly by the errors of transcribers, and partly through
the unsettled state of orthography in those days. Most ety-
mologists derive the name from Lam, dirty and Hy«e, a haven.
Dr. Ducarel differs with this explanation of the name, and con-
siders that it is derived from Lamb, a lamby and Hy«, a haven;
but that eminent antiquary, Dr. Gale, derives it from the cir-
cumstance of its contiguity to a Roman road, or lemany which
is generally supposed to have terminated at the river at Stan-
gate, from whence was a passage over the Thames.

Lambeth parish is nearly eighteen miles in circumference ;
in lengtli, from north to south, about six miles and a half; and
in breadth about two miles. In the Domesday Survey it is
said to contain about twenty plough-lands and a half. By a land
scot, levied in 16 — } it appears to have contained 1261 acres
of arable land, 1026 of pasture, 125 of meadow, 13 of ozier, 37
of garden-ground, and 150 of wood : total, 2612 acres.

Mr. Lysons, in 1792, estimated that the arable exceeded the
grass land in the proportion of six to four, and the meadow
about the fourth part of the latter.

Under a local act of 50th Geo. III., cap. 19, sec. 11, the
parish was divided into eight districts, viz. : — i. and ii. The
Marsh and Wall Liberty, in two parts. First and Second Liber-
ties. — III. The Bishop's Liberty. — iv. The Prince's. — v. The
VauxhaJl, Stockwell, and Deane and Chapter Liberty, in four
parts: V. First Liberty; vi. Second Liberty; vii. Third
Liberty ; viii. Fourth Liberty.

In October, 1855, under the Metropolitan Local Manage-
ment Act, it was redivided into eight wards,^ namely : — i. or
North Marsh Ward; ii. or South Marsh Ward; iii. or Bishop's
1 Churchwardens' Book of Accounts. * See Appendix.

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 8

Ward ; IV. or Plrince's Ward ; v. or Vauxhall Ward ; vi. or
Stockwell Ward ; vii. or Brixton Ward ; yiii. or Norwood
Ward.

The following is a List of Streets, Lanes, Courts, Alleys, &c.
in the year 1718: —

Bishop's Liberty. — Church-street, and therein Nevil's-yard ;
Brook's-yard ; Black Boy-alley; Maid-lane; Red Lion-
yard; Fore-street, and therein Bell-yard; HarperValley,
King's Head-yard; Howard's-yard; Dog and Bear-alley,
and therein Cocket's-alley ; Back-lane,^ and therein Lion-
in-the- wood-lane, or Paradise-row ; Three Coney- walk ;^
Gray's- walk.

Princes Liberty. — Part of Fore-street, and therein Charing
Cross-yard ; Black Boy-alley; Angel-alley, vulgarly called
Frying-pan-alley; Three Mariners' -alley; Bull-alley;
Sansom's-yard ; New-street; Laurence-lane; Lambeth-
butts ; Kennington; Soho-yard; Kettleby's-rents.

Fox-hall Liberty. — ^Fox-hall, or Vauxhall ; South Lambeth.

Kennington Liberty. — Kennington ; Kennington-common.

Marsh Liberty. — ^The narrow wall from Cuper's-bridge to
Standgate, and therein Standgate; Limetree-court; Crown-
court; College-street; Vine-street; Lambeth-marsh.

W(dl Liberty. — The narrow wall fix)m King's Old Barge-house
to Cuper's-gardens ; St. George's-fields.

Stockwell Liberty. — Stockwell-town ; Brixton-causeway.

Deanes Liberty. — ^Part of Camberwell-town ; all the rest con-
sists of land, as also the rest of Stockwell Liberty.

According to the survey of the parish taken by Mr. Genway
in the beginning of the last century, its boundaries are as
follows : —

From the landing-place at Lambeth Palace, northward and
eastward, along, the water-side to the Old Barge-house, and
thence on to the comer of St. George's-fields, and so on the
westerly side of the ditch,southward to the Lord Mayor's Stone,
near the Dog and Duck ; and then across the fields south-
westward (leaving the ditch on the left hand) to Newington ;
and thence southward to Kennington-common, where it meets
with Newington parish, to the cross digged there in the ground;

^ Now High-street. ^ Now Lambeth-walk.

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4 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

and then south-west on the common into Smith*s-field, to a
cross dug there; and thence south-westward three fields*
length into Watch-house-fields ; and so eastward to the east
side of that field ; and so on the south side to a lane there ;
thence south-westward across the fields to the back of Lough-
borough-gardens, where the parish mark is cut in an oak-tree ;
and from thence pass southward thirty rods, and thence east-
ward to Caraberwell-town, going through that which is or was
Mr. Smith's house ; and thence along a lane near Dulwich, and
so westward to Delver ; also Woodman's Farm, and thence near
two miles southerly to Vicar's Oak, at which oak meet the
parishes of Lambeth northward, Camberwell eastward, Streat-
ham south-westward, and Battersea south-west by west ; and
from this oak they go west by northward to Norwood-gate; and
thence south-westward to Streatham-common (to avoid a wood);
and thence north-westward to the Windmill House ; and thence
through a wood west and by southward to Cole's Farm, which
leaving to the north-eastward, they pass about south-south-west
to the road leading from London to Croydon ; and crossing
the road they go west by north to Bleak Hall, and thence on
the same point to Broom Hill, and so eastward about forty
rods to the road ; and thence turning due west they go to the
road that leads to Kennington, and easterly along that road
to Nine Elms, and thence south-westward about thirty rods
towards Battersea ; and thence backward into the road, and
through Vauxhall to the Thames, and so along the water-side
to the plying-place near the Church at Lambeth.

The perambulating of the boundaries of parishes in Roga-
tion week, is of very ancient origin, and is one of those old
usages still retained by the Reformed Church. Previous to
the Reformation, the parochial perambulations were attended
with great abuses, and therefore, when processions were for-
bidden, the useful part only of them was retained. We appear
to have derived this custom from the French ; for we find that
perambulations were first ordered to be observed about the
middle of the fifth century, by Mamertus, Bishop of Vienne,
upon the prospect of some particular calamity that threatened
his diocese.^

I Le Cointe Annal. EccUi, 'Franc, torn. i. p. 285.

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HISTORY OP LAMBETH. 5

In Gibson's Codex of Ecclesiastical LaWy it appears that,

by an injunction of Queen Elizabeth, it was ordere'd, —

That the people 8hall, once a year, at the time accustomed, with the curate
and substantial men of the parish, walk about the parishes as they were accus-
tomed, and al their return to church, make their common prayers ; provided
that the curate in the said common perambulation, as heretofore, in the days
of Rogations, at certain convenient places, shall admonish the people to give
God thanks in the beholding of God's benefits, for the increase and abundance
of his fruits upon the face of the earth, with the saying of the 1 04th Psalm, &c. ;
at which time also the said minister shall inculcate this and such-like sen-
tences, " Cursed be he which translateth the bounds and doles of his neigh-
bour"; or such other order of prayer as shall be hereafter appointed.

There does not, however, appeal* to be any law by which the
observance of this custom can be enforced, nor can the eccle-
siastical judges oblige the churchwardens to go their rounds.
The last time this parish was perambulated was in 1851 ;
it is usual to go round the bounds every seven years.

In the beginning of the last century, the land lying waste
in the several commons within this parish, was estimated as
follows : — Acres.

Eennington Common, much esteemed for the quality of its grass . 24

Norwood 163

Norwood Common 200

Hall Lane 7

Knight's Hill Green 10

Half-Moon Green 9

Bush Common 62

Stockwell South Common 5

South Lambeth and Stockwell North Common .... 10

490
Total of other lands . .2612

Sum .... 3102

The soil of this parish is various : about Stockwell, Dulwich-
hill, and North Brixton, it is a strong dark clay upon gravel
and sand, and a brick earth ; near Norwood, and thence to
Brixton-hill, a sandy loam intermixed with clay ; the remain-
der of the parish is composed of a pale clay, which varies but
little. At the extremity, towards Croydon, a well was sunk,
300 feet deep, through an unvaried stratum of argillaceous
blue earth into a subsoil of sand, from which the water rose
to the top and overflowed within twelve hours, and continued
to do so for some years, but is now about thirty feet below
the surface. Lambeth was once celebrated for several mineral

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6

HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

springs, but they have now fallen into disuse. The water at
the "Dog and Duck," in St. George Vflelds, was a weak
cathartic, containing portions of Epsom and sea salts, with one-
twelfth of the residuum of insoluble matter. At Balham-hill
and Brixton-causeway, wells have been dug 200 feet deep,
running almost the whole way through a bed of oyster-shells
cemented by clay. At the side of the Wandsworth-road is a
spring, which has never been known to freeze, even in the
hardest winters.

From the official returns made to Parliament of the popu-
lation of Lambeth parish, we are enabled to present to our
readers the following table : —

^»i.i flg

Females

Total. . . .

Inhabited Houses . . . . . .

Number of Families occupying
same

Houses Buildinff

Do. Uninhabited ......

Families chiefly employed in Agri-
culture . . . . . . . . .

Do. in Trades, Manufactures, or
Handicrafts .......

All other Families not comprised
in the two preceding classes

1801. 1811. 1821. 1831. 1841. 1851.

12,400

15,585

27,985

4,790

8,813

220

17,935

23,709

41,644

7,204

10,171
210
293

388

4,491
5,344

25,792

31,846

57,638

9,1

13,047
248
377

447

5,631

89,545
48,311
87,856
13,983

21,191

836

1,353

532

9,311

11,348

52,912

63,160

116,072

17,791

351

544

63,392

75,848

139,240

20,620

214
1,094

In the parish chest is a very curious book, which shows the
manner in which money was collected for the rehef of the poor
after the dissolution of the religious houses, and when their
tables no longer supplied the necessities of the indigent. It
may be considered as the introduction of those rates so well
known by the name of "poor-rates." It is on parchment,
and entitled : —

A.D. Lambhith,

1522, in com.

Surr.

A Register Booke of the Benevolence of
the Parishioners for the releife of the
Pore made in a° vi B«gis Edwardi v**
et in.

Anno D'ni
dez. Ambrose

Willowes
M.CV.LII.

A Register Booke gevyne by Master Ambrose Wylles, gentybnan, unto the
churche of Lambethe, wherein it is declared the benevolence of the paryshoners
of Lambethe afforsaid towards the releiffe of the poore inhabitors there ; which
be not of poore able to lyve wythonte the cheritye of the towne, as hereafter
in this booke doothe appere, particularlye every man's name, and what his
devosyon is to geve weklye towards the sustentacion of yher poore neygbours,
according to the King's highness prosedyngs. And alsoe in another place of
this boke, the distrebutynge wekelye of the same cherite by the collectors ap-
pointed for the tyme beynge.

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

Mt Loede of Canteebuey's L0ED8HIF (t. e. Manor).

My Loede of Canteebuey's Geacb.

My Loede of Wynchbstbe,

My Loedb of Suffeecanb (some Sitfragan Bishop).

Mastbe PAE80N,/or halfaywT^ 10«.

My Loedb of Caelyll.

My Lady Beidobwatbe, for a yere^ 6«. 8rf.
On SundayCy October 30, there was nothing distributed^ bycause that Master
WyUes did extend his cheritye among the poore householders.

On Sundaye, the Qth day qf Auguste^ Master Farsone did give his cheretye to
the poor people.

The sums collected in general were very small, and payable
by the week or by the quarter, and different sums were given
in different years by the same persons. In Mr. Denne's
Addenda (p. 893) are numerous extracts relative to the poor ;
some of the most curious are printed below.

1614. Collected at several communions for the poor . . %s. 9d. — £1 3 9

In the poor's box £1 11

1627. Received at the general fast, for the poor £2 18 3

1655, June 5. It is resolved, by the parishioners and inhabitants of the
parish, that the assessement for the poor shall be made according
to the ancient custom, and not by a pound rate. — Festry Minutes.

1698, Teb. 19. Hec**. of the Chamber of London, for the use of the poor, JglO.

1699, April 3. Bec^. the King's guifb, from the Chamber of London, £S0.

1700, The same, MO.

The amount collected for the poor has gradually increased,
as foflows : —

In 1749, the rates were raised by a tax of sixpence in the pound.

In 1774, on a tax of two shillings, produced J&2362.

In 1783, on a tax of two shillings and sixpence, produced £5702.

Of the immense increase of late years the following state-
ment wall show : —

Year.

IHAJlfAl*

Numbers

No. of Weekly

Total Amount of Bates

in the

Payments to

in each Year ending

JuOBMSr.

Workhouse.

Outdoor Poor.

at Easter.

£ 8. d.

1800 . .

413

347

11,691 3 6

1806 . .

502

433

14,976 15

1812 . .

768

399

22,237 13

1818 . .

1,250

1,867

47,870 3 6

1824 . .

—

—

32,896 13

1880 . .

—

Amount of Weekly

44,859 18 2

]836 . .

....

P»yiaeiitB.

£ s. d.

40,007 3 10

1842 . .

1,310

194 1 5

57,762 5 4

1848 . .

1,366

332 17 10

78,571 5 2

1854 . .

1,393

298 7 7

76,954 10 8

1857 . .

1,419

327 9 11

77,246 6 1

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HISTORY OP LAMBETH.

Land Tax.

This parish is divided into six divisions, and was, in 1791,

assessed as follows : —

£ «. d. 9. d.

Bishop's Liberty . . .580 2 4.— rated at 1 4 in the pound.

Prince's Liberty ... 481 4 2 „ 11 „

Vauxhall Liberty ... 309 1 6 „ 22

MarshandWallLiberty . 029 9 6 „ 1 6

Lambeth Dean ... 475 6 „ 20

StockweU Liberty .. 188 12 6 „ 16

Annual amount of Land Tax for the whole parish £2963, 13^.

1823.

Quota. Bedeemed. Ket Oharge.

Bishop's Liberty . . .^6473 18 6 — £86 2 4 —£387 10 2

Marsh and Wail Liberty. 971 12 6 — 515 16 2 — 455

Prince's Liberty ... 367 5 6 — 70 8 — 296 17 6

StockweU Liberty . .. 202 12 — 81 13 11 — 120 18 1

VauxhaU Liberty ... 260 13 9 — 77 6 7 — 183 7 2

Lambeth Dean. ... 428 11 — 284 9 6 — 144 1 6

Parish Officers. — ^There are four churchwardens and four
sidesmen. The duty of the latter is to assist the church-
wardens in presenting to the ordinary such offenders is are
punishable in the Court Christian. There are eight overseers
of the poor, in the choice of which there is a very good direc-
tion in an act passed in 1810, for better Assessing and Col-
lecting the Poor and other Rates, viz., four are to be chosen at
Easter, and four at Michaelmas, by which means there are
always four in office who have had an opportunity of seeing
how the business is conducted. A paid surveyor and assistant
are engaged by the vestry. There are twelve collectors of the
parish rates, who receive ^\d. in the pound. There aie ten
parish surgeons ; a master and matron of the workhouse, to
which a surgeon is attached, and also of the House of Industry,
Norwood ; thirteen church beadles, and two aleconners, for the
manor of Kennington.

The Vestry is elected under the Metropolitan Improvement
Act of 18th and 19th Vic, c. 120. It was, before, an open
vestry. In 1654, there was an attempt to make it select,
and it was so for that year, when it was discontinued.

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HISTOEY OP LAMBETH. 9

By an act of Parliament entitled " An Act to amend the
Representation of the People of England and Wales/' passed
the 7th of June, 1832, 2 Will. IV., c. 45, fifty-six boroughs
therein enumerated were disfranchised, and in lieu thereof
forty-two new boroughs were created. The preamble of the
act recites that it was expedient to take eflFectual measures for
correcting divers abuses that had long prevailed in the choice
of members to serve in the Commons "House of Parliament ;"
to deprive many inconsiderable places of the right of return-
ing members ; to grant such privilege to large, populous, and
wealthy towns; to increase the number of knights of the shire,-
to extend the election franchise to many of his Majesty's sub-
jects who had not hitherto enjoyed the same, and to diminish
the expense of elections. Under this act certain boroughs
which, previous to its passing, returned two members, were
thereafter to return one only ; and many large towns in the
country, which had grown into great importance from the
amount of trade and number of their population, were consti-
tuted boroughs. The large metropolitan population inhabit-
ing the parishes and places named in the schedule of the act,
including the Tower Hamlets, Rnsbury, Marylebone, and
Lambeth, were constituted boroughs, each of which had the
right of returning two members. In the same session of
Parliament, another act was passed to settle and describe the
divisions of counties, and the limits of cities and boroughs, in
England and Wales, by which Lambeth is placed in the eastern
division of Surrey.

Members of ParKament from 1832 to the present time : —
1832 to 1847, Charles Tennyson, Esq. (who subsequently as-
sumed the name of D'Eyncourt), and Benjamin Hawes, Esq.
(now Sir Benjamin); 1848 to 1850, Charles Pearson, Esq., and
the Right Hon. C. T. D'Eyncourt ; 1851-52, the Right Hon.
C. T. D'Eyncourt, and WiUiam Williams, Esq. ; 1853 to 1856,
William A. Wilkinson, Esq., and William Williams, Esq, ; 1857,
William Roupell, Esq., and William Williams, Esq.

At the last election, Mr. Roupell was returned by the im-
precedented majority of 6000 over his opponent, Mr. W. A.
Wilkinson ; notwithstanding which, a petition was afterwards
lodged against his return, by Messrs. Pattison Nickalls and
Robert Henry Bristowe. This was duly referred to a com-

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10 HISTORY CHf LAMBBTH.

mittee of the House of Commons ; and, after a lengthened
investigation of the charges made, the Chairman of the Com-
mittee announced to the House of Commons, on the 15th
of July, 1857, that they (the committee) had agreed to the
following resolutions, namely, '' That William Roupell, Esq.,
was duly elected a Burgess to serve in the present Parliament
for the borough of Lambeth ;" and " That the petition of
Fattison Nickalls and Robert Henry BristOwe was frivolous
and vexatious."

This announcement was followed by loud and continued
cheering for Mr. Roupell.

The Chairman then said, that it was the opinion of the com-
mittee that the section of the 17th and 18th Vic, c. 102, with
reference to the employment of canvassers, did not apply to
this case.

The Police Court of Lambeth is situated in Kennington-
lane; and its boundaries comprise the south-west side of
Waterloo-bridge, the London-road, the New and Old Kent
Roads, to Greenwich boundary, westward to Wandsworth
boundary, and thence to the Thames at Waterloo-bridge. The
presiding magistrates are, the Hon. Ceorge C. Norton, and
George Percy Elliott, Esq.

In 1846, a very important act was passed, termed the
County Court Act, being the 9th and 10th Vic, c. 95, for the
more easy recovery of small debts and demands in England.
This act abolished all courts of requests, with their various
forms of procedure, and substituted in their stead. County
Courts, in which one uniform practice is directed to be fol-
lowed, so as to ensure a general plan of action for the recovery
of debts and settlement of actions within their jurisdictions.

The above act has since been amended by several subse-
quent ones, namely, the 12th and 13th Vic, cap. 101 ; 13th
and 14th Vic, cap. 61 ; 15th and 16th Vic, cap. 54 ; and,
lastly, by the 20th Vic, cap. 108.

The County Couet for Surrey is divided into two juri$
dictions : that for Southwark is presided over, as judge, h
Charles S.Whitmore, Esq., and lately, by Geo. Clive, Esq., an

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 11

is situated in Swan-street, Trinity-street, Newington ; and that
for Lambeth, by John Pitt Taylor, Esq., and is in the New-road,
Camberwell.

The jurisdictions of these courts, with their boundaries, are
as follows : —

The district of the Southwark County Court includes
the Superintendent Registrars' districts of Rotherhithe, Ber-
mondsey, St. George (Southwark), St. Olave, and St. Saviour,
and so much of the Superintendent Registrars* districts of
Newington and Lambeth as lies north of the line drawn from
the river Thames at Lambeth-stairs, along the middle of
Church-street, Lambeth, to the Westminster-road; thence along
the middle of Brook -street, Lambeth, and Garden -place, to
Newington-butts ; thence along the middle of Newington-
butts to Cross-street ; thence along the middle of Cross-street
to Walworth-road ; thence along the middle of the Walworth-
road to East-street ; thence along the middle of East-street,
Richmond-terrace, Apollo-buildings, Prior-place, Sion-place,
and East-lane, until it is cut by the boundary of St. George,
Southwark

The district of the Lambeth County Court includes the
Superintendent Registrar's district of Camberwell, and so
much of the Superintendent Registrar's district of Greenwich
as lies west of the Croydon Railway.

This parish being within the bills of mortality, the act for
building fifty new churches extended to it ; and in 1711, the
inhabitants of Stockwell and Lambeth Deane were desirous
of having a church in that part of the parish, and formed a
subscription to defray the expense of making the necessary
application. The commissioners under the act sent an order
for a map of the parish, and in a vestry it was directed to be
made ; but it was not effected, and nothing more was done.
From the great increase of the houses and population of the
parish, it became apparent that some alteration was necessary.
Accordingly the parish was divided into five ecclesiastical dis-
tricts, viz-.: Waterloo, or St. John's district ; Lambeth Church,
or St. Mary's district ; Kennington, or St. Mark's district ;
Brixton, or St. Matthew's district ; and Norwood, or St, Luke's

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12 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

district. The boundaries are set forth in the London Gazette
of Tuesday, March 29, 1825.

Some antiquaries have supposed that the Romans settled in
Lambeth before they occupied the northern side of the river ;
but the grounds for their conclusion are so slight as to be
scarcely worthy of mention. Historians generally agree, that
the space between Camberwell hills and the rising grounds
at Deptford and Clapham, and as high up as Lambeth, was
originally a vast bay or lake, overflowed by the tide, and at
low water a sandy plain ; and that, when the Romans fixed
themselves in England, they improved it by banking against
the Thames and by draining. That they had a station in
some part of St. George's-fields is generally admitted, though
the particular spot is not ascertained. In digging the sewer
by Bethlehem Hospital, great quantities of their utensils were
found ; and Dr. Gale, Dugdale, and others, mention .similar
discoveries. Dr. Whitaker says : — " These are decisive evi-
dences that the wonderful work of embanking the river was
projected and executed by the Romans. It was the natural
operation of that magnificent spirit which intersected the earth
with so many raised ramparts for roads." They probably
began the embankments in St. George's-fields, continued them
along the adjoining and equally shallow marshes of the river,
and finally consummated them in constructing the grand sea-
wall along the deep fen of Essex.

There are several records existing respecting these banks.
In the 22nd Henry VI. (1443), Sir John Burcestre, Knight,
Richard Bamme, Richard Combe, William Osburne, Adam
Lynelord, John Martyn, John Malton, and William Kyrton,
were assigned to view all the banks on the side of the Thames,
from Vauxhall to Deptford, as also to make laws and ordi-
nances for the safeguard and repair of them, according to the
laws of Romney Marsh ; and, moreover, to impress so many
diggers and labourers, at competent salaries, as should be
necessary. Commissions were also issued for the same pur-
pose, in the 25th, 31st, and 33rd of Henry VI., and in the
6th and 14th of Edward IV.

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HISTOET OP LAMBETH. 13

There is one part of this parish called " Lambeth Marsh,"
now a considerable thoroughfare from the east to the west end
of the town. Fifty years ago, Lambeth Marsh was considered
a rural retreat ; leading from it were numberless pretty walks,
with pollard willows on each side. Hither the citizens would
repair for an evening stroll ; a windmill or two made up the
rustic scene, in many places worthy the pencil of some of the
best Dutch masters. Numerous tea-gardens, with their sundry
accommodations, attracted the notice of the lounger, even so
late as the year 1812, when Mr. Bray compiled his History of
Surrey.

At Kennington, numerous Roman remains have been turned
up. It has been a matter of doubt where Plautius defeated
the Britons, and where he rested his army whilst he waited
for the Emperor Claudius bringing reinforcements. The
learned Gale thought that this defeat took place on the banks
of the Severn ; but it does not appear that Plautius, in his
first campaign, had advanced further than Kent and Surrey.
Mr. Bray considered, that from the situation of the marshes
here, overflowed by every tide, and that of the very strong
camp at Keston, in Kent, it appears that this was the place
where the Romans got entangled and lost so many men, and
that Keston was the place where Plautius fortified himself.
Some have considered that Keston is too great a work to have
been made by the Romans in their situation, and that it is at
too great a distance from the river. However this might be,
certain it is, that this people had a considerable station in the
neighbourhood, though the particular spot is not ascertained.
Gale says, that in St. George's-fields, many Roman coins, tes-
selated works, and bricks, have been found. Mr. Bray had a
large urn full of bones, which he bought of the men who were
digging there, and who had dug many others not far from the
Borough, on the south side. The most probable idea is, that
they had here a summer camp, as it would have been almost
impossible to have made a regular camp anywhere in this
neighbourhood.

A Roman road passed at or near Brixton-causeway.

It has been surmised by many eminent antiquaries that the

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14 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

Britons had public roads, from one end of the island to the
other, long before the arrival of the Romans. This opinion is
adopted by Mr. Leman, a gentleman who, with Dr. Bennett,
late Bishop of Cloyne, paid particular attention to the ancient
roads in this kingdom, and who considers the Watling-street
as a British road, adopted by the Romans. That these people
made, or improved at least, four principal roads, is beyond a
doubt, and their names are recognized in the laws of Edward
the Confessor, which speak of the Watling-street, the Fosse,
the Iceneld-street, and Erminage-street.^ Which of these is
the most ancient has been made a question ; but it seems
natural to suppose it should be the Watling, as taking its rise
from the part of the coast which was first resorted to by that
people. Stukeley considers the Erminage-street as entitled to
precedence. An argument against this may perhaps be drawn
(says Mr. Bray) from the nature of the country through which
a considerable part of it passes, which was undoubtedly at
that time an impervious wood, covering in some parts a deep
and stubborn soil of clay ; and which would, therefore, pro-
bably be made when, the country being subdued, they had
more leisure to undertake so difficult a work. Respecting its
course, antiquaries differ considerably ; Higden describes it as
commencing at St. David's and ending at Southampton;^
Gale, that it went from the last place by Henley (Gale's Callevd)
to London.^ Stukeley makes it begin at Newhaven, Sussex,
by Shombridge to East Grinstead, thence by Stanstead, Croy-
don, Streatham, by Lambeth Ferry to London. Later dis-
coveries have proved that this eminent antiquary was right in
supposing that there was a road from Newhaven by or near
East Grinstead, but he was vn-ong in making it enter Surrey
at Stanstead : it came by Godstone, and joined the Stane-
street about Woodcote or Croydon ; from thence it continued
by Streatham, which Mr. Manning conceives obtained its name
from its contiguity to the Stane-street, until it entered this
parish about Brixton-hill, and continuing its route almost in a
direct line northward, crossing Kennington-common to New-
ington, and there was joined by the Watling-street ; the two
roads, thus united, divided : one branch going to Southwark,

^ Horsley's BrU, Eomana, ^ Polychronicon, Gale's xv. ScnpL

3 Lei. IHn, vL 106.

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HISTORY OF liAMBBTH. 15

where the river Was crossed to Dowgate, and not Belingate^ as
Mr. Bray represents; the other went over St. George's-fields,
crossing the river at Stangate, in Lambeth.

The principal Manufactures of this parish are soap, white-
lead, shot, pottery-ware, glass, and some others; but none
have been ao celebrated as the Vauxhall plate-glass. In the
thirteenth century the Venetians were the only people who had
the secret of making looking-glasses ; but about the year 1670,
a number of Venetian artists arrived in England, the principal
of whom was Rosetti ; and, under the patronage of the Duke
of Buckingham, a manufactory was established at Foxhall, and
carried on with such amazing success, by the firm of Dawson,
Bowles, and Co., as to excel the Venetians, or any other nation,
in blown plate-glass. The emoluments acquired by the pro-
prietors were prodigious, but in the year 1780, from a difference
between them and the workmen, a total stop was put to this
great acquisition and valuable manufactory, and a descendant
of Rosetti ungratefully left in extreme poverty. The site of
this celebrated factory is Vauxhall-square.

Formerly, Lambeth was celebrated for Game of all sorts,
but principally in the neighbourhood of Brixton. In the 5th
of Elizabeth a license was granted to Andrew Feme, D.D.,
Dean of Ely (who resided at Stockwell), " to appoint one of
his servants, by special name, to shoot with any cross-bow,
hand-gonne, hacquebut, or demy-hack, at all manner of dead-
marks, at all manner of crows, rooks, cormorants, kytes, put-
tocks, and such-like, bustards, wyld swans, barnacles, and all
manner of sea-fowls and fen-fowls, wild doves, small birds, teals,
coots, ducks, and all manner of deare, red, fallow, and roo."

In the reign of James I., Alexander Glover received, as
'* Keeper of the game about Lambeth and Clapham, I2d.
per diem, and 26«. 8d^ per annum for his livery;" in all
£36. lOs}

The following is a list of the principal rare Plants formerly,
but not all now, found wild within the parish of Lambeth : —
at or near Vauxhall, Anchusa sempervirens, evergreen alkanet.

^ Narrative HUt. of King James, for the first fourteen Yearn, 1651, 4to.

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16 HISTORY OP LAMBETH.

About Stockwell hedges: Convallaria muUiflora, common
Solomon's seal. About Lambeth Marsh : I^ilobium roseum^
pale smooth-leaved willow-herb. About Norwood : Bhamntis
Frangulay berry-bearing alder; Chenopodium hybridum^ maple-
leaved goose-foot ; Bunium fleaniomm, earth-nut, or pig-nut;
Convallaria majalisy lily of the valley; Sedum tel^Aium,
orpine, or, live-long; Aquileffia vtdffaris, Columbine; Bigi-
tcdis pv/rpureay purple fox -glove; Orobanche majors great
broom-rape ; Hieracium murormiy wall hawkweed, or golden
lungwort ; Hieracium sabauduniy shrubby broad-leaved hawk-
weed ; Orchis bifolia, butterfly orchis ; Quercm sessilijloray
sessile-fruited oak; Bmcm aculeafus, butcher's broom;
BlecJinum borealCy rough spleen-wort; Bolypodium vnilgarey
common polypody ; and Trichostomum fontinalioides, river
fringe-moss, at the side of the Thames at Lambeth.

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Paiwrial pst0rj.

|HE parish of Lambeth contains five manors, viz.,
those of Lambeth, KenningtoUy Vauwhall, Stock-
welly and Levehursty not now known, but pro-
bably sunk in the manor of Stockwell.
There are three Courts Leet held, once or
twice a year, in this parish : one for the manor of Lambeth,
one for the manor of Kennington, and a third for the manor
of Vauxhall, with each from twenty to thirty jurors, for the
choice, formerly, of eight constables, nine headboroughs, and
two aleconners, to fine every person that is the cause of any
public nuisance, and to present those oflScers that neglected
their duty the preceding year. The constables and headbo-
roughs are now merged in the police. At the same times and
places are held three Courts Baron, with each their homage
jury of from two to ten, for the conveyance of copyhold estates
within their respective manors, in which last courts all con-
veyances of freehold estates formerly used to be registered —
a custom which has been discontinued for many years.

Hambetf; ffLdxm.

In 1062, King Edward the Confessor granted (as we have
seen at page 2), by his charter to the Abbey of Waltham, in
Essex, amongst other possessions, Lambethithe cum omnibus
ad ae jpertinentibua campis, jpascuiSy pratis, ailvis, et aquis.

2

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18 HI8T0EY OP LAMBETH.

The boundaries are thus expressed at the end of this
charter : —

©ij-jynb )?a lanb jem»pe infco Lambehy^e. apeafc aefc Bjiixjen-
rcane. 7 j^apop'S )?ynj he pane jpap topam CCaepebice. 7 fpa ro
Dulee tjieo. 7 yjism bmce fcjieo fco pype. 7 ppam pype fco Mljiy^eji
Isecce 7 ppa ept fco pape pfcjiafce. 7 jT?a anblanj ptjiefce epfc co
Bpixejiffcan.

Hi sunt terae termini apud Zambekytkam. Imprimis apud
Brixii lapidem, et sic prorsum per lucum ad Mercduam,^ et
sic ad arborem verrucosam/ et ab arbore verrucosa at Hysam,
et ab Hysa ad Msii clausam, et sic iterum ad viam, et sic per
tractum viae ad Brimi lapidem.

In the Domesday Survey (tab. viii. fol. 34) is the following
entry : —

^;^'^ d edd**4. oof c|l:lMi4oft\WlG>S^^^

xjB.£7f (^/iJ: .%.!« .m<Ao<^

Terra Ecclesia de Zanchei. In Brixistan Hundred.

St. Maiy's manor is that which is called Zanchei, - The Countess Goda held
it, the sister of King Edward (the Confessor). It was taxed for 10 hides ;^ now
for two hides and a half. The arable land consists of twelve carrucates,^ In

^ Fossam Limitarem.

^ There being no such word in the Saxon Dictionary as bulce, the translator
was probably led by the word bifl — carbunculus, bulla — a boil, to translate it
verrucosus — a warty or knotty tree.

3 A hide of land was, in the time of Edward the Confessor, 120 acres ; but
land was not measured in England till about the year 1008, when the realm
became tributary to the Danes ; and for the more equal laying on of the tax,
the country was measured, and the money levied per hide, and all paid dane-
geld accordingly.

* A carrucate (from the Latin carruca, a little cart) was as much land as
could be tilled with one plough, and the beasts belonging thereto, in one year,
having meadow, pasture, and houses for householders and cattle, belonging.

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HISTORY o:? LAMBETH. 19

detneMe are two earrwuUes and twelve viUma^ and twenty^senen hordars^ with
four carrucates. There k a church and nineteen hwgessea m London,^ who
pay thirty-six ahillinga,^ and there are three villana in gross, and sixteen acres
of meadow. There is wood for three hogs. In the time of King Edward, and
after y it was worth 10^.,^ now \\L Ctf this manor the Bishop q^Baieux has
one culture qf arable land, which before and after the death of Gods,* lay in the
church.

Goda married, first, Walter de Maigne; and, secondly,
Eustace Earl of Boulogne (whence she had the title of
"Countess'*)- She and the earl gave this manor to the Bishop
and Convent of Rochester, reserving the church. In the wars
between the Saxons and Danes, it was taken from the convent
by Harold, who kept possession of it till his death, when it
was seized by William the Conqueror, who gave part of it to

^ ViUans (from the Latin vilis, or, as Lord Coke has it, from villa) or ceorls,
were the lowest order of menials, unable to depart from the land, and trans-
ferable with it. The life of an eorl, or earl, was eqnal to that of six of these
poor creatures, and so for other matters in proportion. Wh^ a horse was
valued at £1. 15«. %d,, a villan was estimated at £2. 16«. M, They could
acquire no property either in land or goods. They held, indeed, small por-
tions of land by way of sustaining themselves and families ; but it was at the
mere will of the Urd, who might dispose of them whenever he pleased. They
belonged principally to lords of manors, and were either villans regardant,
that is, annexed to the manor or land ; or else they were in gross, that is,
annexed to the person of the lord, and transferable by deed from one owner
to another.

* The Bordars were a grade above the villans, and were much the same, if
not absolutely so, as the cotarii, or cotters, the terms being sometimes used
interchangeably. Bishop Kennett says, " They had each a bord or cottage,
with a small parcel of land allowed to them, on condition they should supply
their lord with poultry and eggs, and other small provisions, for his board
and entertainment ; they also performed vile services and domestic works, as
grinding, thrashing, drawing water, cutting wood, &c.

^ Several houses at the north-east comer of Carey-street, and other houses
which form the whole of Star-court in Bread-street, are now held of this
manor. There were others in Watling-street, not now known.

* The shilling consisted of twelve pence, and was equal in weight to some-
thing more than three of our shillings.

^ The poimd here mentioned is of the weight of a pound of silver, consist-
ing of twelve ounces.

* In a list of benefactions to the church of Rochester, printed in Thorpe's
Eegistrum Boffense, p. 119, are particularized some ornaments belonging to
this countess, which were found at Lambeth by Ralph, the first keeper of the
manor there, and brought by him to Rochester. They are thus described ; —
" Feretrum (a pix) partim de auro, partim de argento ; Textua Evangeliorum
argento et lapidibus predosis omatus ; scampna ferrea plicantia et argentata ;
et pallia quatuor ; et baculos cantoriales ; et cruces argenteas et candelabra
de cupro de aurata.'*

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20 HISTORT OP LAMBETH.

Odo, Bishop of Baieux, his half-brother. But William Rufus
restored it to the convent, "ifo libere sicut Comitissa Goda
prim habuity' and added the patronage of the church. The
original deed, signed with a cross in the body of the instru-
ment by King William Rufiis himself, is still preserved among
the charters in the British Museum (L.F. c. vii. 1). This was
confirmed by Henry I. in 1103, Stephen, Henry II., and
Edward I. But what he so restored does not seem to have
included the land granted to Odo ; for in the Survey he is
said to hold here unam cuUuram terra. The record says, " De
isto maneris habet Episcopus Baiocensis unam culturam terrse
quae ante et post mortem Godse jacuit in ista aecclesia."
According to Spelman, a culture is the same as quarentene,
i.e.y a rood, or one-fourth part of an acre ; but it seems hardly
probable that so small a piece of land should have been worthy
of that great bishop's acceptance. Gundulph (Bishop of
Rochester from 1077 to 1105) ordered half a thousand lam-
preys to be furnished from this manor annually to himself and
his successors, towards enabling them to keep hospitality.^
Eamulph (bishop from 1116 to 1125) ordered it, moreover,
to supply the monks with one salmon on the anniversary of
their founder and benefactor. Bishop Gundulph.^ In the reign
of King Stephen (1141 to 1147), Bishop Ascelin attempted
to deprive the monks of this manor, as not having been given
to their separate use ; but Imar, the Pope's legate, and Arch-
bishop Theobald, determined the dispute in their favour.^
The bishops, however, had right to a lodging in the mansion-
house when business carried them to London, with forage,
straw, fuel, &c,, whilst they stayed.*

In the second year of Richard I. (1190), the whole hallemot^
of Lambeth was amerced two marcs for a false judgment, as
was Osbert, the priest of Lambeth, half a marc for false
judgment in the court, at the suit of Hugh Bardul and his
associates.*

1 Bibl, Cotton, LomU. A.X. 9, fol. 98.

^ Reg. Raff, 7. Salmon are sometimes, but very rarely, taken in the Thames
off Lambeth.

8 Reff,Rof.4>l. * Ibid, 141.

^ The kallemot, according to Spelman, was either the manorial court, or
court baron of the ecclesiastical court. — Re^» Roff. p. 11.

^ Hospitia,

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HISTORY OB LAMBETH. 21

In 1197, Hubert, Archbishop of Canterbury, gave to the
Priory of Rochester the manor of Darente (Dartford), in Kent,
with the church and chapel of Helles; and a sheep-walk,
called Estmerse-in-CliflP, with 220 sheep, and a certain piece
of land in Cliff belonging to the said marsh, and ten tene-
ments in the town of Cliff, in exchange for the manor of Lam-
beth, with the church of the manor, and all liberties and free
customs, and all other appurtenances both in the said manor
and in Southwark, and in the soken of London; saving to
the said bishop half the said soken. But the mill Which the
said monks had out of Southwark on the Thames, to the east
over against the Tower of London, and the marsh in Gren,
which Archbishop Baldwyn gave them for the site of the
chapel of St. Thomas the Martyr, and the surrounding area of
Lambeth, were not included in this exchange, but remained to
the monks, though the Prior of Lambeth used to receive the
profits thereof before this exchange.

The archbishop, being thus seized of the manor, obtained
from King John a weekly market, and fair for fifteen days, on
condition that it would not be prejudicial to the city of London.
In the Manuscript Library at Lambeth is a charter from the
city of London, signifying their consent, but stipulating that
the fair should begin on the morrow of St. Peter ad Vincula;
accordingly a fair was aunually held, continuing for a fortnight,
but, having for many years been attended with much riot, it
was abolished by the magistrates at the desire of Archbishop
Herring, prior to 1757.

The manor has remained with the archbishop ever since,
except during the usurpation of Cromwell, when it was sold
to Thomas Scott and Matthew Hardyng^ for £7072 ; but on
the Restoration it came to the see again.

By the customs of this manor, a year's quitrent is paid for
a relief on the death of the freeholder, by the heir to whom it
descendeth, but not on alienation ; and no heriot is paid for
the same land. When a new freeholder does his fealty, he is
to pay one penny to the steward, and no more. When a free-
holder is sworn the lord's tenant, coming to it either by de-

^ These persons were amongst those excepted in the Act of Oblivion, not
extending to life.

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22 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

scent or purchase, he is to pay a penny to the steward. As to
the copyholds, the best live beast is due for a heriot on death;
but if there be no such, 3*. %d. is paid for a dead heriot. If
a copyholder surrender a heritable copyhold to the use of
another for term of his life, after the death of the then copy-
holder, 3*. Qd, is to be paid for a heriot ; but at the death of
the tenant to whom the estate for life was surrendered, none is
due. If one who is a copyholder purchase other copyholds
within the manor, he is to pay a year's quitrent of the new
copyhold for a fine. If one who is not already a copyholder,
purchase a copyhold, the fine is at the will of the lord, but no
relief is due. On death of a copyholder, if the estate descend to
the heir by custom, the fine is a year's quitrent, and no more.
The youngest son is heir ; daughters take equally. Surrenders
must be made to the steward, either in open court, or, if he be
steward by patent, out of court, or else to two copyholders.
All surrenders delivered out of court into tenants' hands, must
be presented by those tenants to the steward at the next court,
on pain of forfeiting their own copyholds. All copyholders
may strip and waste on their own copyholds. No copyholder
may lease his estate for more than three years without the lord's
license, on pain of forfeiture.

The waste lands were enclosed under an act passed in 1806,
in which it is stated that the archbishop is lord, and entitled
to 200 acres and upwards of woods and wood-grounds in the
manor, and to the soil, and the timber and woods thereon;
and that the waste (chiefly lying about Brixton and Norwood)
contained about 450 acres. One-sixteenth of the commons,
amounting to 161 acres, was allotted to the lord of the manor,
and the residue amongst the tenants.

One piece of land near Stockwell, and another at Norwood,
were allotted for the purpose of burial-grounds, and of having
parochial churches or chapels built thereon. Another piece
was set apart for the erection of a free school.

^anor of Itmnhtflton.

In Domesday Book is the following entry with reference to
this manor : —

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X

HISTOBT OF LAUCBBTH. 28

acV* iJduLVCj^. III.W

In Brixistan Hund/red,
Teodric the Goldsmith holds of the King, Chenintune. He held it of King
Edward (the Gonfes9or). Then it was taxed for five hides (500 acres), now
for one hide and three yirgates.^ The arable land consists of two carrucates
and a half (250 acres). In demesne there is one carrucate and one villan, and
one bordar with two carrucates. There is one villan in gross, and four acres
of meadow. It was worth and is worth £3 (JB180).

The word Kennington is probably derived from the Saxon
Eyninje, a king ; and cim, a toton; that is, Eymnje-tim, or the
town or place of the king. This supposition is materially sup-
ported by the fact that there was here formerly a royal mansion
in which the kings used frequently to reside, and where pro-
bably Hardiknute died in 1041. And here it is thought that
Harold (son of Earl Godwin), who seized the crown after the
death of the Confessor, placed it on his own head.

In the 1st of Richard I. (1189), that King granted the
custody of all his demesne lands in this manor, with a bam
and other easements without the pale there, conies, rents, per-
quisites of courts, and all other profits, to Sir Robert Percy
during his life, paying to the King twenty marcs a year ; and
the office of steward of the lordship of Kennington and the
keeping of the manor (manor-house) there, conies, and gardens,
during his life ; for which office of steward he was to have the
accustomed wages, and for the office of keeper 4e?. a day, to
be allowed out of the twenty marcs to be paid by him to the
King.^

In 1258, Henry III. granted the custody of this manor to
Richard de Freimantell.^ John Earl of Surrey died here in
1304.

In 1316, this, with other manors, was conveyed by John
Plantagenet, Earl of Warren and Surrey (grandson of the last-
named earl) to King Edward 11. ; and in the same year, a
commission under the Privy Seal was issued to John de Foxle,

1 A virgate was about twenty-four acres. * Earl. MSS. 4S3, fo. 63.
s Rot Fat, 43rd Hen. III. m. f .

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24 HISTOEY OF LAMBETH.

Baron of the Exchequer, to survey the defects of this manor,
and which was reconveyed by him to the earl ;^ but in the
same year the latter again conveyed it to the King,^ who, two
years after, 1318, granted it to Anthony Pessaigne de Janua,
and his heirs, in exchange for premises in London.^ But by
some means it presently reverted to the Crown ; for in the
next year) 1319, the King granted it, with Faukeskcdl, and the
manors of Sandall, county of York, and Halghton, county of
Oxon, to Roger D'Amorie* and Elizabeth his wife (sister and
coheir of Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, and niece to the
King), and the heirs of the body of the said Roger ;^ and in the
next year he had a confirmation of it from the Parliament then
held at York. From the 11th to the 14th of that King in-
clusive (20th Nov. 1317, to 15th May, 1321), he had sum-
mons to ParUaraent as a baron. In the Parliament held in
the 14th year of the King, 1321, he took part with the Lords
in the conspiracy against the Spencers, and, enrolling himself
under the banner of Thomas Earl of Lancaster, marched on
Burton-on-Trent, and thence to Tutbury Castle, county of
Stafford, where he died in 1322, and was buried in the Priory
at Ware, in Hertfordshire. Upon his decease, orders were
given to seize all his lands, as an enemy and rebel, and to make
livery of them to Elizabeth de Burgh,-^ his widow.^

The manors of Kennington and Faukeshall were given to the
Spencers on their regaining power ; but on their death in 1327,
it appears that Elizabeth de Burgh recovered them ; for, 11th
Edward III., 1388, she conveyed them to the King for the
term of her life, in exchange for the manors of Skleshall and
Clopton, in Suffolk, and 20*. rent, which John de Seckford paid
yearly for his life for the manor of Clopton, and 40^. rent for

1 Pat, 9th Edw. II. p. 2, m. 7. * Claus. 9th Edw. II. m. 24 dorso.

» Pfl^.llthEdw.ILp.l,m.l9.

* From his brother, Sir Richard D'Amorie, sprang the family of Darner,
EarU of Portarlingtony now represented by the Earl of Portarlington and his
brothers. Mr. Lysons observes, that by the parish register it appears that
some of this name (D'Amorie) remained at Lambeth^ but in a state of poverty,
tiU about 1750.

5 Pa^. 12thEdw.II. p.l, m.ll.

^ Previous to her marriage with Lord D'Amorie, she had been twice a widow,
first of John de Burgh, Earl of Ulster ; and 2ndly, of Theobald de Verdon.

7 Pat 1st Hen. IV. p. 7, m. 22 ; by Inspeximua ad Glaus, i6th Edw. II.
m.23.

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HISTORY OP LAMBETH. 25

Waltham Abbey. And John Lord Bordolph and Elizabeth
his wife (eldest daughter and coheir of the said Roger Lord
D'Amorie and Elizabeth de Burgh) released to the King their
rights in this manor. ^ In 1370, the King granted the custody
of the manor and park to Helminge Legette, for life.^

Edward the Black Prince resided here ; and it is supposed
that Edward IIL granted this manor to him, many of his acts
being dated from Kennington. In 1377, Richard Prince of
Wales (afterwards Richard II.) and his mother resided here,
at the time of the death of King Edward IIL, and ascended
the throne June 22, 1377, in which year John of Gaunt, Duke
of Lancaster, came to them for shelter from the fury of the
Londoners, who threatened his life in consequence of an insult
he had offered to the bishop, at a meeting in St. Paul's Church,
at which John Wycliffe the Reformer was summoned to attend,
and was protected by the duke and Sir Henry Percy (for
whom the duke had procured the marshal's staflP).

Henry IV., in his 10th year, gave the manor and palace of
Kennington, with the appurtenances, to Sir John Stanley, but
probably for life only.

^ By a document in the Record Office, it appears that in the
6th of Henry V., Thomas Burcester was the keeper {custos) of
the manor of Kennington, and of the garden and rabbit-warren
there, and received for his wages from the Prince 4fl?. per
diem; and in 1420, that King granted to Adam de Egeley the
office of keeper of the Palace of Kennington, which office is
still kept up by the name of the steward of the manor. AVhen
the palace was destroyed is not known ; but Camden, who
wrote in 1607, says there was not the smallest remains of it,
and the very name of a palace was unknown.

King James I., in his 8th year (1610), settled the manors of
Kennington and Vauxhall {i.e., as to Vauxhall, the capital mes-
suage afterwards mentioned under that title), with a messuage
in Lambeth and Newton (Newington), on Henry Prince of
Wales, and on his death in 1612, on Prince Charles ; and they
have ever since been part of the estate of the Princes of Wales
as Dukes of Cornwall.

By a survey of this manor made in 1615, it then contained
122 acres, eight thereof being a rabbit-warren, let at £7. 5^. ^d.

1 Clam. Ist Edw. III. p. 2, m. 20. » Pat. 43rd Edw. III. p. 1, m. 33.

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26 BISTOBT OF LAMBBTH.

a year; and the Frinoe's Meadow, 29^ acres, at £6. 13^. 4id.
a year.

In 1624, Prinoe Charles granted to Francis Lord Cottington,
his secretary, a lease of his manor-house and demesne lands
within the manor of Kennington, for eighteen years, to com-
mence fix)m 1637, when that of Sir Noel Caron would expire ;
and afterwards a further lease for three years. In 1649, it
was sold by order of FarUament, Richard Graves, of Lincoln's-
inn, Esq., being the purchaser.

In 1626, another survey was made, and about the same
time the gardens and site of the palace were let for the first
time. It was then a stone building, 231 feet long, and 156
feet deep.

In 1649, when a commission was issued for the sale of the
late King's and Frince's lands, the demesnes were stated at
115 acres 2 roods 8 perches, valued at £307. 7^. M. a year;
and the Frince's Meadow, stated at 25f acres, £113. 12«. &d.
a year. It was sold in 1650, as crown property, to William
Scott, of Little Marlow.

The following is a copy of the sun'^ey made by order of the
FarUament in 1649 : —

Surrey Ss'.
Manerium de Kennington cum Jurihrn Membris et ptin^n,

A Survey of the Mano' of Kennington, w**" the rights, mem-
bers, and appurten'ces thereof, lying and being in the county
of Surry, late p'cell of the poss'ons of Charles Stuart, eldest
sonn of Charles Stuart, late King of England, as p'te of his
Duchy of Cornwall, made and taken by us, whose names are
heereunto subscribed, in the month of October, 1649, by virtue
of a commission grounded upon an act of the Commo* assem-
bled in Farliament, for the sale of the honors, mano's, and
landes, heeretofore belonging to the s'd late King, Queene, and
Frince, imder the handes and scales of five or more of the
trustees in the s'd act named and appoynted.

Kennington Manor-homey Mr, Bichard Dobson undert\ —
All that capitall messuage, mansion, or manno'-house, w"" th^
scite thereof, commonly called Kennington Manor-house, scii
tuate, lying, and being in the towne or towneshipp of Kenning-

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HISTOltf 09 JUllCBETH. 27

ton, in the parish of Lambeth, in the county of Sarry, being
built of bricks and covered w*^ tiles, consisting of a hall, a parlor,
a buttery, a kitchen, and two shedds, y* will serve for neces-
sary uses ; three chambers above stayres, and one garrett or
loft over them, unfloared ; one little court beefore the doore,
planted with small trees, and paled w*^ oaken boardes ; one
greate bame covered with tiles, consisting of twelve bayes of
building, and walled w*^ stone on the east side thereof, and w**"
clay and boardes on the west side thereof, conteining in length
52 yards, and in bredth 8 yards ; on the west side whereof is
one greate shedd for cowes : and unto the north end of which
bame adioynes one tenem* of brick cont. two htle roomes be-
low stayres and two litle roomes above stayres, w*^ one litle
garden therew*^, occupied, lying between the seyd litle tenem*"
and the common pinfould of the s'd manor ; one greate garden
adioyning to the south and west sides of the s'd capitall mes-
suage or mansion-house, planted w**" young trees and gardiner's
fruite ; one other garden adioyning to the north side of the s'd
capitall messuage, mansion, or mano'-house, planted allsoe w**"
young trees, and wherein stands one pumpe; which seyde
capitall mess' or mano'-house, w*^ the scite thereof, and the
seyd greate bame, are bounded w**" the highway y* leades
betwixt Newington and Kingeston-upon-Thames upon the east
p'te thereof, and doe conteine by estimac'on two acres and
one rood of land more or less, and all wayes, passages, lights,
easem**, waters, water-courses, commodities, advantages, and
appurten'ces, whatsoever to the sayd capitall messuage, man-
sion, or mano'-house and scite thereof, or any p'te or p'cell
thereof, any wayes belonging or apperteyning, p* ann. 2a. Ir., —
14/, 10*. Od.

Memorandum. — The sayd mano' or mansion-house is in
good tenantable repayre, and is valued in the materialls at
150/.

On the Restoration, however, the King took possession ;
and on the 26th of January, 1661, demised to Henry Lord
Moore, afterwards Earl of Drogheda, the capital messuage of
this manor, and lands parcel thereof, and of the duchy of Corn-
wall, and the capital messuage called FauxhaJl, for thirty-one
years, at the rent of £150 per annum; but with power to

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28 HISTORY OP LAMBETH.

resume Fauxhall, making a proportional allowance of rent.
The King did resume Fauxhall, and granted a new lease of the
residue at a rent of £100.^

On the 18th of July, 1747, a lease was granted for thirty-
one years to William Clayton, Esq., of Harleyford, Bucks
(brother of Sir Kenrick Clayton, of Marden, in the county of
Surrey, second baronet of that name), of the capital messuage
of the manor of Kennington, the great bam, and eight acres
adjoining; the brick-field, four acres; other land, fourteen
acres ; other land, twenty acres ; six cottages of the butts ; forty
acres near Kenuington-common, under the rent of £16. 10^. 9d.
The capital messuage called Vauxhall was excepted. On the
21st of September, 1765, a lease was granted to Mr. Clayton,
for eighteen years from the expiration of the former, making
the term then to come thirty-one years.

In 1776, an act of Parliament was passed, in which the
above-mentioned leases are recited; and that, in order to
enable Mr. Clayton to let the ground on building leases, he
had applied to the Lords of the Treasury to accept a surrender
of his then subsisting leases, and to grant him a new one for
ninety-nine years, determinable on three lives, which they had
agreed to do. The act then enables Mr. Clayton, during his
life, and the guardian of his infant children after his decease,
to make building and improved leases of these lands, and to
raise money for the payment of fines and fees, and defraying
expenses.

On the faith of this lease and act, buildings have been
erected, producing a very large annual amount in ground-
rents.

llie lease subsequently became the property of Mr. Clayton's
son William (by his second wife, Caroline Mary, daughter of
Rice Lloyd, Esq., of Alte Cadres, Carmarthen), who succeeded
on the death of his cousin Sir Robert, as fourth baronet. Sir
William married, 16th of July, 1785, Mary, only daughter of
Sir William East, Bart., of Hall Place, Berks ; and dying 26th
of January, 1834, was succeeded by his son, the present Sir
William Robert Clayton, of Marden Park, Surrey, major-
general in the army, and late M.P. for Marlow.

^ Entry of Warrants and Grrants of Crown Lands, by the Earl of South-
ampton, Treasurer : among the papers of the late Thomas Astle, Esq.

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HISTORI OP LAMBETH. 29

Customs of the Manor.

Imprimis. There is a court baron kept at some known
place within the said manor, at the will of the lord thereof,
and also a court leet, kept once in every year.

Item,. The freeholders hold their land by doing their suit
and service at the lord's court leet, and by paying their
ancient rent ; and for want of appearance to be amerced.

Item. The freeholders which do hold the said manor do
usually pay to the lord thereof, by way of relief.

Item. The copyholders of the said manor hold their lands
by doing their suit and service at their lord's court baron, and
by paying their ancient and accustomed rents ; and for want
of appearance to be amerced.

Item. That the copyholders of the said manor pay upon
descent or alienation, when they take up their several lands
and tenements, fines merely arbitrable at the will of the lord.
N.B. Usually one year's improved rent.

Item. That if a copyholder die, leaving two or more sons in
life, the youngest son is heir to his father as to the copyhold.

Item. That if a copyholder die without sons, having
daughters, the land descends to all his daughters as coheirs ;
and if he die without sons and daughters, having brothers,
the land descends to the youngest brother ; and if he die with-
out sons, daughters, or brothers, having brother's children
living, the land descends to the youngest son of the youngest
brother.

Item. That a copyholder may, out of court, before the
steward or two tenants, surrender his lands to the use of his
will, and then by this will may devise his land to whom he
pleases.

Item. That a copyholder may let and set his land from
three years to three years, but no longer without Ucense from
the lord, which license being desired, the lord, upon a small
fine arbitrable, must grant the same for one-and-twenty years,
and no longer. N.B. There are hcenses granted by the pre-
sent steward for ninety-nine years.

Item. That a woman, being married, cannot pass her estate,
unless safely and secretly examined by the steward.

Item. That a copyholder may at any time, out of court.

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30 HISTOET OF LAMBETH.

before two copyholders and customary tenants, surrender his
lands and tenements to whose use he pleases.

Item. That the freeholders and copyholders of the said
manor, and their under-tenants, have a right to put on their
horses, cows, and other cattle, in and upon the commons be-
longing to the said manor, without number, stint, or license ;
but they are to be marked with a commonable and known
mark.

Nov. 28th, 1728. Matthew Lant, Esq., lord chief baron of
that part of Great Britain called Scotland, the present steward.

Edward Whitaher^ Jun., Esq., chancellor-at-law, deputy
steward.

John SummerseUy baihfP.

fAmm of UauxfjaU.

This manor was the property of Baldwin, son of William
de Redvers, or Ripariis, sixth Earl of Devon ; and to whom
the Isle of Wight had been given by Henry I.,^ whence he
was also called de Inmla.

Baldwin married Margaret, daughter and heiress of Warine
Fitzgerald, and settled this manor on her as part of her dower.
He died 1st September, 1216, in the lifetime of his father,
William, leaving by this Margaret an only son, Baldwin, who,
on the death of his grandfather, succeeded him, and became
seventh Earl of Devon.

In 1240, the second Baldwin was made Earl of the Isle of
Wight, having previously married Amicia, daughter of Gilbert
de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford ; but died quite
young, five years after, leaving Baldwin his son and heir, who
became the eighth Earl of Devon. He was committed to the
tuition of Peter de Savoy, uncle of Queen Eleanor, and a
person of great note at that period ; and having, in 1257, had
livery of his lands, the same year married Avis, daughter of
the Earl of Surrey, by whom he had an only son, John, who
died in infancy. The earl died in the 46th of Henry III.,
1262, having been poisoned, with the Earl of Gloucester and
others, at the table of Peter de Savoy, whether by design or
accident, is not certain. Margaret, who had married his grand-

1 Mon.Angh^. p. 179.

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HISTOET OP LAMBBTH. 81

father, was still living, and held this estate, so settled on her
as above stated.

Isabel de Fortibus, sister of Baldwin, eighth earl, became
his heir. She had one daughter, Aveline, who became her
heir, and who married Edmund Plantagenet, Earl of Lancaster,
but died without issue.

King Edward had flattered himself that this marriage
would bring back the Isle of Wight into the royal family ;
but, his wish being frustrated by the death of Aveline with-
out issue, the King entered into a treaty with Isabella for the
purchase of it, with the manors of Lambeth (which, Mr. Lysons
and Mr. Denne conceive, was the manor of Stockwell, an-
ciently called South Lambeth, and comprehended VauxhaU,
South Lambeth, and Stockwell) and Faukeshall ; and a con-
veyance was executed for 20,000 marcs ; to which 6000 marcs
of silver were added, for a further deed to rectify a mistake in
the first. By the last-mentioned deed, in 1298, she conveyed
to the King the Isle of Wight, together with other estates in
Hampshire, the manor of Lambyth (Stockwell), and a manor
in Lambyth called La Saule Eaukes.

There is an entry in the Register of Ford Abbey, county of
Devon, which asserts, that this deed was fraudulently obtained,
the countess having constantly refused to part with her ancient

inheritance ; and that this deed had been forged by de

Stratton, her confessor, and her seal affixed by him thereto
after her death. This story, like many others, was probably
exaggerated; but the transaction was not free from suspicion.
The conveyance was executed when Isabella was on her death-
bed ; and Hugh Courtenay, Baron of Okehampton, who was
heir-at-law, claimed the Isle of Wight, and petitioned King
Edward 11. that it might be restored to him. The King here-
upon directed an inquiry by what means these lands came
into the hands of his father.^ To this writ a return was made
in Parliament in the 8th and 9th of Edward II., certifying a
charter at Stockwell, near Lambeth, dated on Monday next
after the feast of St. Martin, 1293, whereby the said Isabella
had, in consideration of 6000 marcs, granted to the King the
whole Isle of Wight, the manor of Chnst Church (Hampshire),
the manor of Lambeth (Stockwell), Surrey, and the manor of

1 Hot Pari 8th and 9th Edw. II.

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32 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

Faukeshall, situate within the before-mentioned manor of
Lambeth. This charter was witnessed by Anthony, Bishop of
Durham; Sir Richard de Astoji, steward to the countess;
and many others. To this were annexed the depositions of
several persons who were, as they alleged, present, not only at
the execution of the deed, but when the countess gave in-
structions for its being prepared. The statement of this extra-
ordinary transaction was communicated by Sir Joseph Ayloffe
to the Society of Antiquaries, and printed in the 2nd volume
of the Vetmta Monmnenta.

Sir Hugh Courtenay did not succeed in his suit for the
Isle of Wight, and the King appears to have retained the
manor of Faukeshall as well as Kennington.

In his twelfth year, an extent was taken of this manor,
when it was found to consist of a capital messuage, seventy-
four acres of arable land, thirty-two of meadow ; a water-mill
in Micham, Stretham, and South Lambeth; seventeen free
tenants, twenty-eight customary tenants; five coterelli, who
paid £10. 16^. 8|^. per annum; also six fowls at M. apiece,
seven cocks at \\d. each; the customary tenants to gather
and carry the hay from the meadows, and to mow two days in
harvest ; but this was of no value, for they were to have a
meal (prandium) twice a day, even though they did not work.
There was also view of frankpledge at Michaelmas, when a
common fine of 6^. 6d. was paid ; and the amerciaments were
worth 2^., the pleas and perquisites of court 2^. : — ^the sum
total, £18. l08.^d^

In the same year this manor was granted, with Kennington,
as we have seen, to Roger Damorie and Elizabeth his wife, and
the heirs of the body of Roger,^ which grant was confirmed in
the following year.^

On the attainder of this Roger, the King seized his estates,
but ordered them to be delivered to Elizabeth, his widow.
This order does not seem to have extended to Kennington or
Vauxhall, as the former was granted to Spencer, who, in his
17th year, 1324, had a part of Vauxhall.* The Spencers
died in 20th Edward II., 1327, after which she probably

1 Inq, ad quod Damnum^ 12th Edw. U. n. 51.

2 Fat. 12th Edw. II. p. I, m. 11.

3 Pat 13th Edw. II. p. 2, m. 37.

* Cart. 15th Edw. II. m. 15 ; Dugd. Bar. vol. i. p. 39 1.

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HISTORY OP LAMBETH. 83

recovered some of her estates. In an Inquisition taken on the
death of Roese de Burford, in Srd of Edw. III. (1330), it was
found she held land of Elizabeth de Burgh, lady of the manor
of Faukeshall.1

The following curious record, as connected with the manor,
is here introduced: the lady mentioned is Elizabeth de
Burgh :^—

The Account of Alan Martyn^ Reeve of Faukeshall, from the
6th day of October until the Sth day of November , in the
first year of the reign of Eing Edward the Third after
the Conquest.

Receipts of Rents'' of Assize. — ^The same Alan answers for
54^. %\d. received for rent of assize, at the term of St. Michael.
Also the tenement heretofore of John de Meldon, now in the
hands of the lady, used to render \ld. The sum, besides the
aforesaid \\d., 54^. ^^d.

Ilxpenses. — ^The same (reeve) accounts in payment to Henry
Husbonde for the debt of the lady, by warrant of Robert de
Peuckrick, constable of Clare, 43^. 4rf. Also for deliverance
of a boat attached at Queenhithe for the aforesaid debt, 2*. %d.
Also for wharfage, \d. Also in clouts and cart-nails, %d. Also
in expenses of two men, with three horses and a cart, fetching
three quarters of wheat at Houneslowe, 2^e?. Also in horse-
shoes, %d. Also in the expenses of John Bullock going to
Farnham with a sack to fetch corn, %d. Also in one new sack
bought, 6\d. In cart-grease bought, \\d. Also in 6 lb. of
iron bought for the plough, 4rf, ; in manufacturing the same
iron, 4fl?. Also in the expenses of two labourers fetching three
quarters of com at Houneslowe, on the feast of St. Edmund
the Archbishop, with the toll, 2(/. ; at Kingston-bridge, M.
Also in great nails bought for the cart, \d. Also in one seed-
cod bought, 2rf. Also in one bushel of wheat bought for
seed, 6\d. The sum, 49^. 7rf.

Wheat received. — Also he accounts for six quarters of wheat
received of the Reeve of Farnham for seed, by tally. Also two
quarters of wheat received of John de Gouw, Reeve of Kenyng*
ton Grange, for seed, and one quarter of wheat for the livery
of the servants,

1 E9C. 3rd Ed. III. rot. 3.

' The original is in the Public Record Office,

3

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34 HISTORY OP LAMBMH.

Seed. — Whereof in seed on twenty-six acres of land in
Clayfeld, eight quarters and one bushel, every acre two bushels
and an half.

Liveries to Servants. — Also in liveries of servants, viz., of
two boatmen carrying dung for two weeks, four bushels each
of them, taking by ttbe week one bushel ; also in the liveries
of drivers and holders, two bushels ; also in the livery of the
mower and carter, two bushels. Also for 3rf. paid for win-
nowing, to Thomas Blunting and Hamecote Bisshopes, by
order of John Gouw, the Grange reeve.

Stipends — Also paid to Dawe le Drivere, for his stipend at
the term of St. Michael, 2*. &d. Also to William le Mann,
carter, \%d. Also to John Gardiner, for his wages, 2*. —
Sum, &s. Sum total, 55*. Id. ; and so the lady is bound to
the said Martyn in 15Jrf.

Elizabeth de Burgh prosecuted her claim so successfully as
to obtain, in the 11th Edw. III., 1388, a grant of the manors
of Ilkelesshall and Clopton, in Suffolk, by way of exchange :
she releasing to the King her right for her life in Kennington
and Vauxhall; John Bardolph and Elizabeth his wife, who
was daughter and heir of Elizabeth de Burgh, releasing their
right also.^

In the same year the King granted the manor to his son
Edward the Black Prince;^ and a few years after, viz., in
1354,^ the Prince granted it to the Monks of Canterbury, with
a tenement in Lambeth,* which grant was confirmed by the
King, and further confirmed in 1361.*^

Out of this grant the monks were to allow forty marcs a year
for the maintenance of two priests, who were to officiate in a
chantry chapel called after his name. This chapel is under
the upper south cross aisle of the choir of the Cathedral of
Canterbury. The chantry being suppressed by the act of
37th Henry VIII., the chapel grew out of use, and is walled
up from the rest of the undercroft.®

1 Cart 11th Edw. III. p. 2, m. 20. « Ibid. m. 14.

3 It seems that Sir James de Burford (husband of Iloese, before mentioned)
held it under the Prince ; for in 1351, he had license to have an oratory in his
manor here.

* Somner's Canterbury ^ Appendix No. 36.

6 Fai. 36th Edw. III. p. 2, m. 23. « Hasted's jr«i^, iv. p. 522.

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HISTOBT OF LAMBETH. 86

On the suppression of the monastery, 83rd Henry VIII.,
1542, he gave this manor, with that of Walworth, to the Dean
and Chapter of Canterbury, to whom it still belongs.

Among the Patent Rolls of 1st Henry IV., 1399 (p. 7,
m. 22), there is a record which expressly states that the manor
of Faukeshall, which had been granted to Richard Gereseye
for life, and which was afterwards granted to Roger Damorie,
was confirmed to Thomas Bardolph, heir of the said Roger
(in right of Agnes his mother), and his heirs for ever, by that
King.

This appears to be inconsistent, unless, as Mr. Lysons sup-
posed, there were two manors of Faukeshall, both of which
belonged to Roger Damorie.^

Thomas Hardress was steward of this manor from 1649 to
1681, under the successive descriptions of esquire, sergeant-
at-law, and knight.

The copyholders, of which, in 1787, there were not more
than sixty, pay a fine certain of double the yearly quitrent,
and are subject to heriots. The tenure descends to the
youngest son, according to the custom of Borough English.

t&axm of Stodttmell.

The etymology of this place is probably derived from the
Saxon stoc, a wood, and well, from some spring in the neigh-
bourhood. In Domesday Book, tab. viii., is the following ; —

The Earl of Moriton holds Langhei. The canons of Waltham held it of
Harold ; then it was taxed for six hides and a half (650 acres) ; now it is not
taxed. The arable land consists of six carrucates. In demesne there is one
carracate and five villans, and twelve bordars, with three carrucates (300 acres).
There is one viUan in gross, and six acres of meadow. In the time of King
Edward it was worth 100«. (i^SOO), and afterwards and now £4 (JB240). The
same earl has in Bermondsey, of the King's land, one hide, where stands his
house. There is one bordar : it is worth 8«. (£34).

The Confessor, by his charter dated 1020, confirmed to the
Abbey of Waltham the several grants made to them by their
founder, Harold ; and, amongst them, ** Lambehithe, with all
fields," &c. In the Confessor's charter, the Stone of Brixius
is mentioned as a boundary ; and Brixton-causeway (which
Mr. Bray considers to have derived its name from this stone)
is now one of the boundaries of Stockwell.

^ Lysons's Env. i. p. 517.

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36 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

The monks appear, by the extract from Domesday above
given, to have subsequently lost this manor; which Mr.Lysons,
with great probability, presumes to have been afterwards called
Stockwell or South Lambeth.

Robert Earl of Moreton was one of the Norman barons
leagued with Odo, Bishop of Baieux, in the unsuccessful at-
tempt to dethrone King William Rufus. It is probable that
the King seized his estates ; but if he restored them, William,
his son, having raised the standard of revolt in Normandy, in
consequence of the refusal of Henry I. to grant his demand of
the earldom of Kent as heir to his uncle Odo, was certainly
deprived of the Isle of Wight, and all his lands in England.
That King gave the Isle to Richard de Redvers, Earl of Devon,
and, it is likely, gave him this manor also.

Baldwin, son of William de Redvers, sixth Earl of Devon,
married Margaret, daughter and heir of Warine Pitz-Gerald^
and died in his father's lifetime, 1st September, 1216, leaving
by this Margaret, an only son, Baldwin, afterwards seventh
Earl of Devon.

In the 52nd of Henry III. (1268), this Margaret (then the
widow of Fulk de Breant, a man described by Matthew Paris
as " impious, ignoble, and low-conditioned," whom she had
been compelled to marry against her inclinations by King
John) sued Isabella de Fortibus, her grand-daughter, for that
during the troubles in the kingdom she had taken goods and
chattels of Margaret at Christ Church, to the value of 1000
marcs, and at Lambeth to the value of 100 marcs. Isabella
acknowledged to the value of 834 marcs, and gave security
for it.

She (Margaret) afterwards married Robert de Aguilon, lord
of Addington, in this county; and in 7th Edward I., 1279,
they, in right of this manor of Stockwell, claimed the hundred
of Lambeth, and suit of the vill of Streatham, and view of
frankpledge in their court of Michesham (Mitcham), and suit
of the men who ought to go to the hundred of Brixistan ;
which suits Guy de Rochfort withdrew from the King whilst
he had the custody of Baldwin (her son).

In the 8th Edward I. a pardon was granted to this Robert,
and Margaret de Ripariis, Countess of Devon, his wife, for all
transgressions done by her in the King's forest while she was

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HISTOET OF LAMBETH: 87

a widow. She survived this husband also, and lived till the
20th Edward L, 1292, when she died at her house at Stock-
well. Two inquisitions were taken on her death : one at Croy-
don, as to Adyngton^ which was held in dower from Aguilon ;
the other at Sotdh Lambeth^ as to the manor of Faukeshall,
which it is said she held in dower from Baldwin de Insula,
formerly her husband, and which was of the inheritance of
Isabella de Fortibus, Countess of Albemarle, sister and next
heir of the said Baldwin, which Isabella was then of the age
of fifty-four.

Having now brought the history of Margaret to a close, we
must return to the fortunes of her son, to whom this manor
belonged^ subject to his mother's dower. He was an infant
at the time of his father's death, and his wardship was given
to Breant on his marrying his mother ; but on Breant being
subsequently banished, the Earl of Gloucester, in 1227, paid
the King 2000 marcs for the wardship of this young nobleman,
and married him to his daughter Amicia, whereupon all his
demesne lands, which were then valued at £200 per annum,
were placed under the guardianship of the Earl of Gloucester,
until he should obtain maturity. After the young earl's
marriage, he was made Earl of the Isle of Wight by King
Henry III., whilst keeping his Christmas at Winchester in
1240. He died five years after, leaving (with two daughters,
Margaret, a nun at Lacock, and Isabel, successor to her brother)
a son, Baldwin, an infant. The wardship of this latter was
given, in 1252, to Peter de Savoy, uncle to Queen Eleanor, to
the end that he might be married to a kinswoman of hers,
which was done in 41st Henry III., when he espoused Avis,
daughter of the Earl of Surrey ; but in 1262, he, with Richard
Earl of Gloucester, and others, died by poison at the table of
,this Peter, whether by design or accident is not said. He
had no issue, except a son, John, who died in infancy ; where-
upon his sister Isabel, wife of WiUiam de Fortibus, Earl of
Albemarle, became his heir.

On the death of Margaret, this Isabel, as sister and heir of
the last Baldwin, had livery of this and other estates which
had been held by Margaret in dower.

Isabel married William Earl of Albemarle, who died in the
44th Henry III., 1260, and had by him three sons, who died

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38 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

in infancy, and two daughters, Anne, who died unmarried, and
Aveline, who became hen* to her brothers and heir apparent to
her mother, which rendered her the greatest heh-ess in the
kingdom. She married, first, Ingram de Percy, and secondly,
Edmund Plantagenet, Earl of Lancaster, second son of King
Henry III., the King and Queen and whole Court being pre-
sent at the ceremony. She had no issue, and died at this
place m the 20th of Edward I., 1292, in the lifetime of her
mother. The Earl of Lancaster died in 1296. It has been
said that Aveline gave him this estate ; if so, on his death it
would come to the King as his brother and heir.

To whom it was granted it does not appear. The next
owner that we find was Juhana, wife of Thomas Romayne ;
and in the 3rd Edward II., 1310, they had a grant of free
warren here. He, by the description of Thomas Romajme,
citizen of London, founded a chantry in the church of St.
Mary, Lambeth, to pray for the souls of himself and Juliana
his wife, and endowed it with six marcs a year. His widow
died in the 19th Edward II., 1826, seized of this manor, de-
scribed as a tenement in Stockwell, a capital messuage, two
gardens, one dove-house, 287 acres of land, 19|- of meadow ;
rents of assize of free and customary tenants, £5. 0«. 8f rf. ; 19
villans (nativi) who held 84|: acres of land; rents called cAersef,
viz., nine cocks and nine hens ; rents of capital tenants ; com-
mon fine at the view of frankpledge of Vauxhall, \%d. Total,
£17. 0^. lO^rf. She had also the manor of Clapham, and cer-
tain tenements in Southwark. Roese, wife of John Burford,
aged forty, and Margery, wife of WilUam de Weston, aged
thirty-six, were her daughters and heirs.^ Partition was made
between them of their mother's estate, and this was allotted
to Roese.

Roese died in the 3rd Edward III., 1330, seized of this
manor, a capital messuage, two gardens, a dove-house; 148 acres
of arable land, held of Elizabeth de Burgh, lady of the manor
of Faukeshall, by the service of Ic?. ; 38 acres held of the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury by the service of 5^. \d. per annum, and
suit of court to the manor of Wyke, belonging to the arch-
bishop ; 6 J acres of meadow held of the lady of Faukeshall by
\d. per annum ; seven acres of meadow held of the archbishop

Inquu, Post Mart, 19th Edw. II.

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HI8T0BT OF LAMBXTH. 89

by 2^. per annum ; three cottages held of Roger de Waltham
by 1*. 6fi?. a year ; ten cottages in Southwark-barre, held in
socage of the Prior of Bermondsey by 8*. a year ; also sixty
acres of wood in Stockwell, held of the Earl of Hatford ; pleas
and perquisites of courts, lid. per annum ; and rents of assize
in Stockwell, 13*. 4id. James Burford was her son and heir,
aged nine.^

In 1851, Sir James de Boreford had license for an oratory
in his manor-house at Stockwell;^ and eight years after, had
a grant of free warren.^

This manor afterwards belonged to John Harold, burgess
of Calais, who conveyed it to John Dovet and Sir Thomas
Swinford ; and it was settled on Catherine, the wife of Sir
Thomas,* who afterwards became the third wife of John of
Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster.

Several acts of John de Stratford, Bishop of Winchester and
Lord Chancellor, are dated from Stockwell.

It subsequently became the property of John Wynter, who
founded a chantry in the church of Lambeth. He sold it to
Nicholas Molyneux, Esq., to whom and his trustees, in the
27th Henry VL, 1449, Roger Wynter, of the county of Wor-
cester, and others, released their right.^ Whethert^e-J^ing
set up any claim under John of Gaunt, does not f^\^»^ ; but
in his 31st year, Molyneux obtained from him a grant of this,
with Knolles and Levehurst.^

Ralph Leigh had purchased this estate in or before 1461, as
he described himself as lord of Stockwell in that year, in pre-
senting to the chantry founded by Wynter, and refounded by
this Ralph.'' In the 11th Edward IV., a further release to
Ralph Leigh, William Bishop of Winchester, and Laurence
(Booth) Bishop of Durham, the two last being undoubtedly
trustees for Leigh, was executed by one Copeland f and in

^ Inqu%%, P. Mort 8rd Edw. III. * Ueg, Winton.Edyngton, p. 2, fo. 25 a.
» CaH. 32nd Edw. III., m. 12.

* So in Manning and Bray'8 Surrey ; but in Burke's Extinct Peerage, the
marriage of John of Ghent, or Gaunt, is thus stated : — " The Duke married,
thirdly, Catherine, daughter of Sir Fayn Eoet, alias Guen, king-at-arms, and
widow of Sir Otho de Swynford, Knt."

* CLam. 27th Henry VI.

« Pat. 3l8t Henry VI., p. 2, m.31.

7 Bj^. of Winchester's Reg. TFainJleU, i.l09 a, » Claus. 11 Edw. IV.

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40

HISTORY OF LAMBBTH.

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HI8T0EY OF LAMBETH. 41

the same year, William Molyneux, son and heir of Nicholas
Molyneux, Esq., late deceased, gave them a further release of
his right in this manor, and Levehurst, and all other lands in
Lambeth, Camerwell, and Streatham.^ Ralph Leigh died about
this time; for in 1471, we find Elizabeth Leigh, his widow,
presenting to this chantry.^

Sir John Leigh, son and heir of Ralph, was made a Knight
of the Bath at the marriage of Prince Arthur, son of Henry VII.
By inquisition on the death of Sir John Leigh, taken 5th
November, 16th Henry VIIL, 1523, it appears that he died
on the 27th of August preceding, seized of a very considerable
estate in this county ; of the manor of Stockwell, 400 acres of
land, nine of meadow, 58 of pasture, and 40 of wood in Stock-
well ; of the manor of Levehurst, one messuage, 100 acres of
land, eight of meadow, 56 of pasture, and 30 of wood ; in
Lambeth Deane, in the parish of Lambeth, twenty acres of
land, four of meadow, 1 6 of pasture, six of wood ; and of one
messuage, 30 acres of land, three of meadow, 12 of pasture,
and three of wood in Lambeth ; lands in Walworth and New-
ington ; the manors of Padyngton and Westland, and lands in
Abinger ; lands in Oklegh, Cranlegh, Alberye, Wonersh, Shyre,
Shalford, Hascomb, Dunsfold, Bramlegh, Ewherst, Oxsted,
Chalvedon, and West Clandon ; a messuage and garden in
; messuages in Bermondsey and Micham; lands in Effing-
ham, Legh, Merstham, and Guldeford ; the manor of Sam ,

in Ashted ; Leigh-place, in Wolkensted, and Tanrigge ; the
manor of Wights, in West Cheyam ; messuages and lands in
Great Bookham, Little Bookham, and Estwick ; lands in Le-
thered. Home, Stretham, Nutfyld, Waldingham, and Horley ;

and a messuage in , Dulvyche, Camberwell, Southwerk,

Kersalton, Maldon, and Chesynton.

He made several conveyances to trustees to the uses of his
will ; and by it, dated at Stockwell, 12th of June, in the 15th
year of the reign of Henry VIIL, 1528, he appointed Isabel,
his wife ; Sir Richard Brooke, Knt., the King's Attorney; John
Spylman, sergeant-at-law ; John Leigh, his nephew, son of
Ralph Leigh, his brother ; and Roger Leigh, Gent., his cousin,
executors of his will. He willed that lands of the annual value
of £200 should be to the use of an indeilture then produced,

1 Claiu. 11th Edw. IV. * Reg, Epu. fTinton, ut supra, ii. 9 6.

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42 HISTOBT OF LAMBXTH.

between him and John Wynham, Knt., deceased ; that said
Dame Isabella should have for life his manor, of Stockwell, and
if she [should die before his nephew John should attain ^]
twenty-four years, then the said manor should remain in pos-
session of his executors till the said John should attain his age
of twenty-four.

After the death of Isabel, the estate of £200 a year, which
she held in dower, should go to his said nephew at twenty-
four ; but if he died before, the executors should hold the same
to fulfil his will ; but if he lived longer, the £200 a year should
go to him, except the manor, lands, and tenements of the join-
ture belonging to the wife of the said John, the nephew ; if
he attained the age of twenty-four, he should have the manor
of Stockwell to him and the heirs of his body, with remainder
to Ralph Leigh, brother of John the nephew ; remainder to
Isabel Leigh, Jocosa Leigh, and Margaret Leigh (sisters of
John and Ralph), in succession, and the heirs of their bodies ;
remainder to Erasmus Forde, Dorothy Morton, Elizabeth Spel-
man, and Joan Ilyngworth, in succession, and the heirs of
their bodies ; remainder to Roger Leigh, cousin of the testator,
George and William Leigh, brothers of Roger, in succession,
and the heirs of their bodies ; remainder to Francis Langley,
his cousin, and his heirs for ever.^ ^

It was found that John Leigh was his nephew, aged twenty-
one. By his will he directed his body to be buried in the
chapel by him lately built, and the chapel to be repaired by
the owners of Stockwell and Levehurst.

In 1547, this John Leigh the nephew (or a son of his of the
same name) conveyed Stockwell to King Henry VIIL* On the
18th of August, in the first year of her reign, Queen Mary
granted it to Anthony Brown, first Viscount Montagu, re-
serving a fee-farm rent of £8. 12*, llrf.* In the 22nd Eliz.,
the viscount granted to one Store, the manor-house of Stock-
well, and certain lands adjoining, for one thousand years, at
a rent of £6. 13*. 4id. But he died siezed of the manor in the
34th Eliz., 19th October, 1592, and the reversion of the pre-

1 There is an obliteration at this place, but the sense requires these words.
3 JEscL 15th Henry VIII., 5th November, m. 12.
3 Grants, late in the Augumentation Office.
* Fal. 18th August, 1 and 2. P. &M.

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HfBW&T 07 LAMBETH. 45

mises so granted for the said term, leaving Anthony (son of
Anthony, by his. wife Mary, daughter of Sir William Dormer,
Knt., of Ethorp, county of Bucks) his grandson and heir.

It does not appear that the manor ever reverted to the
crown ; but it is mentioned among the King's manor-houses,
in a household book of King James I., and deposited in the
Ashmolean Museum, Oxon. It is, however, Ukely that it was
so described on account of the fee-farm rent which had been
reserved out of it. In the time of that King, it belonged to
Sir George Chute.

By a monument in the Leigh Chapel, in Lambeth Church, it
appears that Sir Francis Goffton, of Stockwell, and his lady,
and John Goflfton, Esq., their youngest son (Francis, the eldest,
having died in France) were buripd in a vault there belonging
to the manor-house of Stockwell. John Goffton died 9th May,
1686, aged seventy-one.

In the reign of King William III., it belonged to the family
of Thomicroft. Sir John Thomicroft died possessed of it about
the year 1760; and was succeeded by his sister, the wife of
General Handyside. She died about 1790, and devised it to
a relative of the name of Thomicroft, of Cheshire, who sold
the manor, mansion-house, and about fourteen acres of land,
to William Lambert.

Mr. Lambert (who was an oilman of Ludgate-hill) died in
June, 181 0, at Wellfield-house, Brixton, and devised this estate
to his wife Elizabeth for her life, and then to his nephew, James
Lambert, of Fowlers-Hawkhurst, Kent, Esq. Lydia, relict of
this James Lambert, and wife of Captain Sir Richard Grant,
Knt., R.N., is the present lady of the manor.

Whilst the Viscount Montagu was in possession, he granted
a lease for one thousand years of the manor-house, and some
land, reserving a rent of £6. 13^. 4fl?. This lease was in the
possession of Thomas Colwall, Esq.,and remained in that family
(of whom John became a knight, and seems to have taken the
name of Shad well) till 1770, when Mr. Isaac Barrett, an emi-
nent wax-chandler, purchased the same ; but the original man-
sion is stated to have been pulled down a little before the
year 1766, and another house built. From Mr. Isaac Barrett
it came to his son, Bryant Barrett, who purchased the freehold
of Mr. Lambert, and dying February 15th, 1808, devised the

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44 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

same to his sons, George Rogers Barrett, Esq., and the Rev.
Jonathan Tyers Barrett, D.D. Mr. G. R. Barrett is still living,
but his brother died some years since.

At Stockwell is a house and land, which were the property
of John Scaldwell, of Brixton-causeway, whose daughter and
heir, Elizabeth, married Justinian Angell, fifth son of John
Angell, and grandfather of the late John Angell, whose will
gave occasion to so many suits by parties who endeavoured to
establish claims under it. By this will, dated 26th September,
1775, it appears that he intended to found a college at Stock-
well, and to endow it with £800 per annum, for seven decayed
or unprovided-for gentlemen, that should be such by three
descents ; two clergymen, an organist, six singing men, twelve
choristers, a verger or chapel clerk, a butler, baker, and groom :
to be called the Gentlemen of St. John's College, Stockwell.
The gentlemen and two clergymen were to eat together, the
charges of their board and liquor each to come to about £26 ;
their clothing to be of light-coloured cloth, all of one colour,
for which, and a hat with a narrow goldlace, was to be allowed
about £5. He allotted £4500 for building the college, and
£1500 for the chapel. It was to be erected in a freehold field
in Stockwell called Burden Bush. He died in 1784, and the
Statute of Mortmain prevented this foundation from being
caried into effect. The first devise of the testator was in these
words : — ''Item. I give and bequeath to the heirs male, if any
such there be, of William AngeU, the first purchaser of Crow-
hurst, and father of my great-grandfather, John Angell, Esq.,
and their heirs male for ever, all my lands and estates, both
real and personal, in Surrey, Kent, and Sussex ; nevertheless
subject," &c.

William Brown, Esq., succeeded as devisee, in default of
there being any person capable of taking under this extra-
ordinary devise of the testator, which devise has ever since
continued to be the subject of constant litigation; several eject-
ments were brought, besides five or six suits in Chancery and
the Exchequer. Mr. Brown was the grandson of Benedict
Brown, Esq., by Frances, the daughter of William Angell, of
Crowhurst, Esq., who was great-uncle of the testator, John
Angell. Mr. Brown took the name of Angell ; and on his
death, the house and freehold land descended to his eldest

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 45

son, Benedict John Angell, Esq., and the copyhold, which
was about ten acres, to his youngest son, WilUam Brown
Angell, Esq. The extraordinary will of John Angell is printed
in ewtenso at page 430 of Mr. Denne's Addenda to the His-
tory of Lambeth,

ilanor of 3Lecbei)urjSt*

There appears to be no trace of this manor as now in ease ;
but it seems to have been in Stockwell or Lambeth Deane.

In the 18th Edward I., 1290, Pinus Bemadini, citizen of
London, had a grant of free warren in his manor of Lef hurst,
in the parish of Lambeth.^

On the 20th of June, 1326, John de Castleacre had license
for a chapel in this manor for two years.^

In the 12th of Henry VL, 1434, John Browe, Esq., son of
Robert Browe, Esq., of the county of Roteland, released to
John Wynter and Nicholas Molyneux, all his right in the lands
and tenements which were formerly of Robert KnoUes, Knt.,
and afterwards of David Bukeley, in the parishes of Camerwell,
Lambhithe, and Strateham.^

In the 27th Henry VL, 1449, John Audley, Esq., William
Venour, Esq., and others, released to John Stanley, Esq., and
his heirs, all their right in the manor of Knolles, and in lands
in the vills of Dylewysshe, Lambeth, and Camerwell.*

In the same year, Roger Winter, of the county of Worcester,
and others, released to John Stanley, Nicholas Molyneux, and
others, all his right in the manor of Levehurst, and in lands
and tenements in Lambehithe, Camerwell, and Dylwyche.^

In the 81st Henry VL, 1453, the King granted to Nicholas
Molineux, Esq., with other lands, the manors of Stockwell,
Knolls, and Levehurst, in the parishes of Camerwell and
Lambhith.®

Sir John Leigh died seized hereof 27th August, 1523, con-
sisting of the manor, one messuage, 100 acres of land, eight of
meadow, 56 of pasture, and 30 of wood, in Lambeth Deane,
and by his will devised it to his nephew John.

1 CarU 13th Edw. I, n.S. ^ Bjeg.'Epu,Wwton,Straiford,\^a.

» EoL Clam. 12th Hen. VI. m,19. * Clawi, 26th Hen. IV. m.3.

6 Claw, 27th Hen. VI. m.9. « Tat, 31st Hen. VI. p.2, m.8l.

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46 HISTOBT OF LAMBETH.

Sir Richard SackviUe (father of Thomas Earl of Dorset) died
21st April, 1566, seized of the manor of Levehurst, in Lam-
beth Deane, held of the Queen as of her manor of East Green-
wich, by fealty only, in free socage.^

Soon after, it came into the possession of Robert Forth,
Esq., LLD., who died 3rd of October, 1595, seized thereof,
leaving Thomas, his son and heir, aged twenty-five. It was
then valued at £5 per annum.*

Nothing further has been found relating to this manor.

Besides the manors previously described, there were formerly
others in Lambeth, which I shall now proceed to mention ;
and, first, the

f&mm ot BotrtriUgg, JJoiilw;, or ISoiles ; ®pflrobe, anft

^carl0tt{(«

By deed, without date, William, son of Edward de Budele,
granted to Thomas de Veteri Ponte,^ a messuage and 130 acres
of land at Budele, and Is, Id. rent in the same village, in the
parish of Lambeth, of the fee of the Archbishop of Canterbury.*

John Pelham and Thomas Mottyng, clerks, granted to
Nicholas Carrew, and Henry, baylijffof Southwark, all the lands
and tenements which they purchased of Stephen Scarlett, in
Lambeth.^

In 1381, Nicholas Carrew gave to the Hospital of St.Thomas,
Southwark, his estate in Southwark, Lambeth, and Bermond-
sey, in exchange for their property in Beddington, called the
manor of Freeres, a water-mill, and two gardens.®

In the Muniment Book of St. Thomas's Hospital, is a memo-
randum, that an acquittance for the purchase of the lands of
Scarlett-juxta-Bodley is written before the Deeds of London.^

On the 23rd of April, 34th Henry VIII., 1543, the King, by
patent under the seal of the Court of Augmentation, granted
to Sir Richard Longe for life {inter alia) the manor of Bodley,
formerly belonging to the late House or Hospital of Thomas a
Becket, in Southwark, and all manors, &c., in Southwark,

1 Inqui8. Post Mart, apud Southwerk, 1 2® Mali, 9® Eliz. /

« /«^«M. P. if. 37th Eliz. jt

» Fipmt. * ilf««m.208. ^ Mmim.222. &

« Pat, 2nd Ric. II. p. 2, m. 1 9. 7 Hunim,

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i.

HISTOBT OF LAMBETH. 47

Benuondsey, Newington, and Lambeth, to the said hospital
belonging.

On the 15th September, 87th Henry VIII., a grant of the
reversion in fee of the manors of Upgrove, Scarletts, and Bod-
ley, and other messuages, was made out for Richard Andrews
and William Grose, after the death of Richard Longe.^ The
next day they conveyed it to Sir Thos. Pope ;* and he conveyed
it to John Leigh, Esq., who devised the manors to Richard
Blunt and Margaret his wife, for ninety years, 18th September,
1 5th Eliz., 1573; and on the 1 3th of October in the same year,
made a conveyance to John Glascock, Esq., and Edward Welsh ;
but this was, perhaps, only a mortgage : for on an inquisition
taken at Guldeford, the 20th of August, 7th Eliz., 1 565, on the
death of John Leigh, then a knight, it was found he died
seized of the manor of Boddiles and Upgrove, of the annual
value of £20, held of the King in capite by knight's service,
and also of a messuage called the Lion, in Guildford.

On the 24th January, 9th Eliz., 1567, the said John Glas-
cock and Edward Welsh joined with Edward Fitzgarrett, Esq.,
and Agnes his wife, and John Leigh, nephew of the purchaser,
in conveying the manors of Upgrove and Scarletts to John
Moore and Richard Bostock, Esq.^

Richard Blunt, Esq., died 17th November, 18th Eliz., 1576,
seized of the manors of Boddiles, Upgrove, and Scarletts, and a
capital messuage near Pawles- wharf, in London,called Chertsey-
place, leaving Ehzabeth his daughter and heir.*

On the 2nd Sept., 84th of Eliz., 1582, Nicholas Saunder,
Esq., and Elizabeth his wife (probably daughter of Blunt), con-
veyed the manors, 100 acres of land, 30 of meadow, 100 of
pasture, 100 of wood, and 40*. rent in Lambeth and Gamer-
well, to Thomas Jones and others. Jones suflfered a recovery
in Hilary Term, 35th Eliz.«

Nothing further is known respecting these manors, nor is
there any land known by these names.

Cfie ilanor of 3Lam6et6 BEgfte, alias BEate Court*
This estate, adjoining to Brixton-causeway, belongs to the

1 Pat 37th Hen. VIII. p.3. » Idem. p.8.

s Inquis. P. M, apud Southwark, 26th Jan., 8th Eliz.

4 AddU. M88. Brit. Mus. 4705. ^ Jddit. MSS. Brit. Mus. 4705.

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48 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

archbishop, having been included in the exchange with the
church of Rochester, before mentioned, and is granted out on
a lease for lives, for a term of years. In the Taxation of 1291,
it is called the Grange, or Farm of Le Wyke.

During the Civil Wars, it was the property of Captain John
Blackwell ; and by an order of the House of Lords, he was ex-
cepted out of the Act of Oblivion on payment of £1 580. 10^. 7^d.
for this manor and the manors of Ascham and Stone, and
several parcels of ground called Buckhall Lands, in Kent.^

The estate consists of the large mansion called Lough-
borough House, a garden (formerly called Rush-croft), and
about 234 acres of land. The house took its name from Hast-
ings Lord Loughborough, who resided there about the time oi
James I., and it is not unlikely to have been built by that
nobleman. It was so called in 1681, when it was advertised
in the London Mercury to be let, and described as fit for two
families, with a barn, coach-house, &c., two gardens walled in,
banqueting-room, and a large orchard : in all, about ten acres;
at which time the lease was the property of Henry Fox, Lord
Holland. It is now an academy.

Great alterations were made with respect to manorial rights
and privileges, by an act passed in the 4th and 5th Vic, inti-
tuled "An Act for the Commutation of certain Manorial Rights,
and for facilitating Enfranchisements," &c., which was amended
and explained by acts passed in the 6th & 7th and 7th & 8th
of her reign. By a very important act passed 30th June, 1852
(15th and 16th Vic, c. 51), intituled "An Act to extend the
Provisions of the Acts for the Commutation of Manorial Rights,"
&c, it was enacted that " at any time after the next admittance
to any lands which should take place on or after the 1st of
July, 1853, it should be lawful for the tenant so admitted or for
the lord to require and compel enfranchisement by either of
them giving notice to the other of his desire to that effect ; and
the consideration to be paid to the lord for such enfranchise-
ment, unless the parties agree, is to be ascertained under the
direction of the Copyhold Commissioners by two valuers, one
to be appointed by the lord and the other by the tenant."

All lands, however, held under the Duchy of Cornwall, are
not affected by this act.

1 MSS. Lambetli Library, No. 451, entitled Lambeth Papers^ No. 11.

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Jam&4 ^alatt

|N the eleventh century, the manor of Lambeth
was, as we have seen, given by Goda to the see
of Rochester. After the Conquest, William
seized the manor, and gave part of its lands to
his half-brother, Odo, Bishop of Baieux; but
afterwards restored the whole to its former owners, the see
of Rochester; one of whose bishops, Gilbert de Glanville,
finding the buildings of his see greatly dilapidated, erected
at Lambeth, in 1197, a mansion for himself and successors,
which, being afterwards exchanged for other lands, with
Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury, became the
archiepiscopal residence. The foundation of the present pa-
lace was laid by Archbishop Boniface, as an expiation for his
outrageous behaviour to the Prior of St. Bartholomew the
Great, in Smithfield,^ drca 1262, upon obtaining, from Pope

1 " Boniface, Archbishop of Canterbury," says Matthew Paris, " in his visi-
tation, came to this Priory of St. Bartholomew, in Smithfield, where, being
received with procession in the most solemn wise, he said that he passed not
upon the honour, but came to visit them. To whom the canons answered,
that they, having a learned bishop, ought not, in contempt of him, to be visited
by any other. Which answer so much offended the archbishop, that he forth-
with fell on the sub-prior, and smote him on the face, saying, ' Indeed, indeed !
doth it become you English traitors so to answer me?' Thus raging, with

4

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60 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

Urban IV., the grant of a fourth part of the offerings at the
shrine of St. Thomas a Becket, and permission to build his
house at Lambeth. The edifice was, at various times, enlarged
and improved by his successors.

From the computtis ballivorum^ or steward's accounts, in
the time of Archbishop Reynolds (15th Edw. IL, 1321), the
palace must at that time have been an extensive and mag-
nificent building, since the following departments are men-
tioned in that document : — " The great chapel, almonry, my
lord's chamber, chamber near the hally wardrobe near the
chapel, another wardrobe, kitchen, bakehouse, great gate at
entrance ; as also the poultry-room, the wharf-mill near the
postern, wallam super tamimamy &c.

In the years 1424, 1425, 1429, 1431, 1434, and 1435,
large sums of money, as appears by the steward's accounts,
were expended by Archbishop Chicheley, in building and
repairing here. He built the Lollard's Tower, and either
repaired or rebuilt the Great Hall, besides making numerous
other alterations and improvements. The increased extent of
the building, in his time, appears from the following enume-
ration of places : — " The great chamber, the little chamber,

oaths not to be recited, he rent in pieces the rich cope of the sub-prior, and
trod it under his feet, and thrust him against a pillar of the chancel with such
violence that he had almost killed him. But the canons, seeing their sub-prior
thus almost slain, came and plucked off the archbishop with such force that
they OTcrthrew him backwards, whereby they might see he was armed and
prepared io fight. The archbishop's men, seeing their master down, being aU.
strangers, and their master's countrymen, bom at Provence, fell upon the
canons, beat them, tore them, and trod them under foot. At length the
canons, getting away as well as they could, ran, bloody and miry, rent and
torn, to the Bishop of London, to complain ; who bade them go to the King,
at Westminster, and tell him thereof. Whereupon four of them went thither ;
the rest were not able, they were so sore hurt. But when they came to West-
minster, the King would neither hear nor see them ; so they returned without
redress. In the mean season, the whole city was in an uproar, and ready to
have rung the common bell, and to have hewed the archbishop into small
pieces ; who secretly crept to Lambeth, where they sought him, and, not know-
ing him by sight, said to themselves, * Where is that ruffian — that cruel smiter?
He is no winner of souls, but an exacter of money, whom neither God, Aor
any lawful or free election, did bring him to this promotion ; but the Sang
did unlawfully intrude him ; being unlearned, a stranger bom, and having a
wife,* &c. But the archbishop conveyed himself over (to Westminster), and
went to the King with a great complaint against the canons, whereas himself
was guilty." — Stow, b. iii. p. 235.

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I

I

HISTORY OF liAMfiSTH. 51

study, parlour or proloeutorium, great hall or porch, steward's
chamber, steward of the household's chamber, auditor's cham-
ber, registry, register's chamber, guard-chamber (camera armu
fferoruni)y the archbishop's oratory, the great oratory (this
could not be the chapel which is mentioned lower down), clerk
of the kitchen's apartment, cook's room, chandry, ewry (ad-
joining to the chapel), storehouse, pantry, larder, fountain or
aqueduct in the kitchen, great cloister, little ditto;" besides
other meaner apartments, a rabbit-garden is also mentioned.

Archbishop Staflford, who succeeded Chicheley in 1443, is
thought to have built the stables which adjoin the palace,
from the great resemblance in the brickwork to the east and
west sides of Croydon Palace, known to have been founded
by that prelate.

About 1490, Cardinal Archbishop Morton erected the pre-
sent magnificent gateway, on the site of the ancient one, which
was decayed.

Archbishop Cranmer founded the large apartment called
the steward's parlour ;^ and the gallery was built by Pole, who
is supposed likewise to have erected the remainder of the long
pile of brick buildings adjoining to it.

The Palace is a large irregular pile of buildings, divided
into a great variety of parts, and of which it is difl&cult to
convey a distinct idea. It is situated on the southern bank of
the river Thames, and is of various styles of architecture. The
principal entrance is through an arched gateway, flanked by
two square embattled towers of brick, leading into the outer
court. The arch of the gateway is pointed, and the roof beau-
tifully groined. Above is a noble room called the Record
Room, wherein the archives of the see of Canterbury were,
until lately, deposited. The towers are ascended by spiral
stone staircases, which lead to the apartments on the different
stories, now principally used as lumber rooms. The exterior
roof is quite flat, and covered with lead. From this position
an admirable view of the palace and grounds may be obtained.

Passing through the gateway, we enter the outer court.

On the left is a fine old wall, covered with ivy, dividing the

palace demesnes from the Thames and the favourite promenade

known as the Bishop*s-walk. In front is the Water Tower

. ^ The steward's parlour was pulled down during the kte alterations.

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52 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

(beyond which is the Lollard's Tower) ; and on the right, the
Great Hall and Manuscript Room. This hall was probably
built originally by Boniface, in the thirteenth century. In
the steward's account of the 16th Edw. II., before quoted
(which is the oldest extant), the Great Hall is mentioned. It
was re-edified by Archbishop Chicheley; and, in the years
1670-1, the roofing was "covered with shingles'* by Arch-
bishop Parker. During the Commonwealth, after the grant
of Lambeth to Colonel Scot and Matthew Hardyng, they are
said to have pulled down the hall, and sold the materials.
The present magnificent fabric was erected after the Re-
storation, by Archbishop Juxon, precisely on the site of the
old one, and as nearly as possible after the ancient model, at
the cost of £10,500, and was not finished at his death; but
so anxious was he in the matter, that he left the following
direction in his will : — " If I happen to die before the hall at .
Lambeth be finished, my executors to be at the charge of
finishing it, according to the model made of it, if my successor
shall give leave.'*

The Hall is a lofty structure of brick, strengthened with
buttresses, and ornamented with cornices and quoins of stone.
From the centre of the roof rises a lofty and elegant lantern,
at the top of which are the arms of the see of Canterbury, im-
paling those of Juxon, and surmounted by the archiepiscopal
mitre. The interior is lighted, in addition to the lantern just
mentioned, by ranges of high windows, in which are some
heraldic devices in stained ghss, including the arms of Juxon.
The dimensions of the hall are, in length, nioety-three feet,
breadth thirty-eight feet, and height above fifty feet. The
roof is composed principally of oak, with some chestnut and
other woods, elaborately carved with the arms of Juxon and
the see of Canterbury. Over the hall-door are the same arms
and the date m.d.c.l.x.m. ; and at the lower end is a screen
of the Ionic order, surmounted byN the founder's crest — a
negroe's head crowned. The whole hall is wainscotted to a
considerable height, and the floor is handsomely paved.

The reason why such large halls were built in the seats and
houses of our ancient nobility and gentry was, that there might
be room to exercise the generous hospitaUty which prevailed
amongst our ancestors, and which was undoubtedly duly

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HISTOBT OF LAMBETH. 53

exercised by the greater number of the possessors of this
mansion; but most eminently by Archbishops Winchelsey,
Cranmer, and Parker.

Of the hospitality of Archbishop Parker, Strype gives us the
following account : — " In the daily eating, this was the cus»
torn : — ^The steward, with the servants that were gentlemen of
the better rank, sat down at the tables in the hall at the right
hand ; and the almoner, with the clergy and the other servants,
sat on the other side : where there was plenty of all sorts of
provision, both for eating and drinking. The daily fragments
thereof did suffice to fill the bellies of a great number of poor
hungry people that waited at the gate ; and so constant and
unfailing was this provision at my lord's table, that whosoever
came in, either at dinner or supper, being not above the degree
of a knight, might there be entertained worthy of his quality,
either at the steward's or at the almoner's table. And, more-
over, it was the archbishop's command to his servants, that all
strangers should be received and treated with all' manner of
civility and respect, and that places at the table should be
assigned them according to their dignity and quality, which
redounded much to the praise and commendation of the arch-
bishop. The discourse and conversation at meals was void of
all brawls and loud talking, and for the most part consisted in
framing men's manners to religion, or to some other honest
and beseeming subject. There was a monitor of the hall ; and
if it happened that any spoke too loud, or concerning things less
decent, it was presently hushed by one that cried, ' Silence.'
The archbishop loved hospitality, and no man showed it so
much or with better order, though he himself was very
abstemious."

The hall is now used as the Library. Ranged on each side
along the walls, are projecting bookcases, containing from
25,000 to 30,000 volumes, chiefly valuable for works on con-
troversial divinity, though not deficient of those belonging to
general Uterature. This library was founded by Archbishop
Bancroft, who, dying in- 1610, left unto his successors, the
Archbishops of Canterbury, for ever, " a greate and famous
library of bookes of divinity, and of many other sorts of learn-
ing." Security was to be given for its preservation to the see,
by his successors ; in failure of which, the whole was to be

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54 BISTOBT OF LAMBETH.

given to Chelsea College, if erected within the next six years
after his death (which it was not), and otherwise to the Uni-
versity of Cambridge.^ On the execution of Laud, in 1644,
Selden, fearing for the preservation of the books in such
troubled times (already they were in process of dispersion,
having been just granted for the use of Dr, Wincocke, then
given to Sion College, and many lent to private individuals),
wisely suggested to the University to claim them, and they
Were delivered, pursuant to an ordinance of Parliament, dated
February, 1649, into their possession. On the Restoration,
Juxon demanded their return ; which requisition was repealed
by his successor Sheldon, when it was acceded to. An ordi-
nance of Parliament was, at the same time, obtained to enforce
the restoration of the books in private hands, among others, in
the possession of John Thurloe and Hugh Peters.

Bancroft's original gift was increased by donations, bequests,
or purchases of the books of Abbot, Laud, Sheldon, Tenison,
Seeker, and Comwaflis, which are respectively known by their
arms on the covers. There is only one volume in the collec-
tion known to have belonged to Archbishop Parker, whidi is
a book of Calvin's writing. His arms are on the outside, and
within is written, in red lead, ''J, Parker y' which was the
archbishop's son. An English Psalter, printed by Daye, but
without date, has likewise the following memorandum, written
by Dr. Parker's wife : — " To the right vertuouse and honour-
able ladye the Countesse of Shrewesburye, from your lovinge
frende, Margaret Parker."

The first complete catalogue of printed books, which was

^ Bancroft did not require a bond from his successors, that nona of the
books should be embezzled, as the condition of his bequest (which has been
stated in some accounts), but only that they " should yield to such assurances
as should be devised by learned men." Eespecting these assurances, the suc-
ceeding archbishop (Abbot) consulted Sir Francis Bacon, by the command of
James I., who recommended an accurate catalogue to be made, and laid up
amongst the archives of the cathedral church of Canterbury, and a duplicate
to be kept in the Lambeth Library ; but stated it as his opinion, that the
archbishops should not be required to enter into any particular engagement,
by which some thousands of pounds might perhaps be forfeited for the acci-
dental loss of a single book, of comparatively very small value. Abbot, in his
will, only lays a solemn injunction on his successors to preserve the books
carefuUy, as he has done, but makes no mention of any other security./

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HISTORY OF LAMBSTH. 65

formed on the plan of the Bodleian Catalogue, was drawn up
by Bishop Gibson, the learned editor of Camden, when libra-
rian here, and is deposited in the Manuscript , Library. In
1718, it was fairly copied by Dr. Wilkins, in three folio
volumes, and has been continued by his successors to the pre-
sent time. Other catalogues of separate parts have been made
\y Dr. Ducarel.

. The Library also contains an original impression of the
Urge scarce plan of London, by Ralph Aggas ; a valuable set
o; prints of all the Archbishops of Canterbury from 1504,
cdlected by Archbishop Comwallis ; and a series of the most
eainent Bieformers and Fathers of the Protestant Church;
wth a set of proofs from the work called Bio^raphica Evan'*
guca^ presented by the author, Mr. Middleton.

Besides the printed books, there is a very valuable ooUec-
tica of MSS., which probably owes its origin to Juxon.

3n the 31st of October, 1856, a meeting of the Surrey
Anhaeological Society was held in Lambeth Palace — the
Bidbop of Winchester in the chair — ^at which Mr.W.H. Black
(hmorary member) read a brief account of the MSS. and re-
co:ds in the Library, with a sketch of the title of the palace,
nanor, and the church. In speaking of the MSS., he said : —
"The want of a catalogue of them in the great general
Catalogue of MSS. in England and Ireland, published in 1697,
pevents such a comparison with a later description of them
a, in other old libraries, enables the bibliographical student
t trace the history and growth of the collection. The only
pinted catalogue of the Lambeth MSS. is that which was
cmpiled by Dr. Todd, and privately printed at the expense of
Achbishop Manners Sutton, in 1812, foKo. From that work
('hich is of unusual rarity), and personal acquaintance with
tfe collection, it is proposed to lay before this Society a very
bief statement of their nature and contents. Dr. Todd has
vwely distinguished the collection into portions, which clearly
pint out their later history ; for while most compilers of such
^rks have been content with describing the MSS. in one
cotinuous series of numbers, he has judiciously divided it
iro portions, which distinguished the several collections of
mich it consists. They are as follows : — 1. What he calls

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56 HISTORY 09 lambeth;

Codices Manuscripta Lambethani, inaccurately for Lambeth-
enses : Nos. 1 to 667. These are the Lambeth MSS. properly
so called.— 2. The Wharton MSS. : Nos. 577 to 595.-3. The
Carew MSS. : Nos. 596 to 638.-4. The Tenison MSS. •
Nos. 639 to 928, including many articles more properly re-
cords than MSS.— 5. The Gibson MSS. : Nos. 929 to 949.—

6. The Miscellaneous MSS. : Nos. 943 to 1174, the last article
of which should have constituted a distinct class. — And, lastly,

7. The Manners Sutton MSS. : Nos. 1175 to 1221. The®
several divisions show, by their names, that only two Arct
bishops of Canterbury — ^Drs. Tenison and Manners Sutton—
were benefactors to the Library ; but, in fact, the MSS. >f
Henry Wharton and Edmund Gibson (afterwards Bishop >f
London), two former librarians at Lambeth, and those Df
George Carew, Earl of Totness, were either bought and givin
by Archbishop Tenison, or deposited here (as in the case of
Bishop Gibson's), because they had formerly belonged in prt
to that archbishop. It is not to be supposed, however, tbt
other archbishops have not been collectors of MSS. ; for Arh-
bishop Parker left the whole of his invaluable collection to
Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, in the reign of Quel
Elizabeth; and Archbishop Laud was one of the first an!
greatest benefactors to the Bodleian Library, where his Bibl
cal, Oriental, and other manuscripts form one principal cor
stituent part of that mighty store of MSS. with which tb
University of Oxford is enriched. Archbishop Winchelse
had, long before, bequeathed his MSS. to the Church of Ca>
terbury ; Archbishop Cranmer's were scattered at his marty?
dom, and some of them are in the Royal Library, and one e
two are here as if by accident; and Archbishop Wake b*
queathed his printed books and MSS. to Christ Church CoUeg;
Oxon.

" The first part of the Lambeth Collection, however, co}
tains not a few MSS. that belonged in all probability to varioi
archbishops, several centuries prior to Archbishop Teniso]
One fine MS. (a Salisbury Missal, No. 828) belonged to Arc!
bishop Chicheley, in the fifteenth century; and there are severl
chronicles and chartularies, and perhaps rituals, which appei
to have been ancient heirlooms of the archbishopric. The 57
volumes of which it consists, comprise all the usual variety i

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HIBTOBT OF LAMBIfiTH. 57

medieval literature. They are chiefly in Latin, but some in
Anglo-Saxon, Old English, Norman-French, Greek, and Arabic.
There are valuable copies of the works of the ancient classic
authors, fathers, commentators, canonists, and schoolmen.
Biblical MSS. are in considerable numbers. History, poetry,
genealogy, and law, may be found here in great variety. Some
of the rituals, as missals and breviaries, are both ancient and
beautifully embellished with illuminations. The oldest manu-
script in this collection appears to be a copy of the Latin work
of Adhelm, Bishop of Sherburn, Be Virginitate, written in
the eighth century, and celebrated for the interesting pictures
or deUneations which it contains, and which have several times
been engraved. It represents the Bishop sitting on a gro-
tesque chair or stool, presenting his book to the abbess and
nuns to whom it was addressed, viz., Hildelitha, the mistress
of their discipline; Justina, Cuthburga, Osburga, Aldgytha
Scolastica, Hydburga, Byrngytha, Euldia, tod Teela. The
original of this singular piece of curiosity of the Anglo-Saxon
times, yet not written in the Anglo-Saxon characters, but in a
foreign hand, which is conjectured and believed to be that of
Alcuin, the preceptor of Charlemagne, is presented for in-
spection on the table, together with several other ancient
MSS., &c.

" The fFkarton MSS. consist of the Collectanea of the learned
and lamented Henry Wharton, that early prodigy of learn-
ing, the compiler of the Anglia Sacra^ and of the Appendix to
Cave's Hiatoria Literaria. The Carew MSS. consist of a pro-
digious variety of state papers and historical documents, chiefly
Irish, of the time of Queen Elizabeth and James I.» in forty-
two volumes, including some few ancient MSS.

" The Tenison MSS. exhibit a wonderful insight into the
state of rehgion in Europe, especially among Protestants of all
descriptions throughout the world, in the times of the Com-
monwealth, the two Stuarts, the Revolution^ and the reigns of
William III. and Queen Anne, in the shape of original corre-
spondence. The celebrated JBacon Papers and the Shrewsbury
Papers are here also. Here, too, may be found a mass of
historical, topographical, genealogical, legal, and polemical
writings, as various as the modern MSS. in the Harleian Col-
lection. Among the ancient MSS. is a curious little volume of

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68 HT8T0BT or LAMBETH.

English religious poetry of the fifteenth century (No. 853).
The Gibson MSS. consist of fourteen volumes of foUo, serving
as a supplement to the foregoing collection.

" What are call^ the Miscellaneoua MSS. are equally di*
Termfied in their contents. There are many historical and
ecclesiastical MSS. of great importance, including numerous
original documents on evidence ; rituals and books of canons
and articles, with notes and descriptions thereto; and a remark-
able collection of the formularies of the coronations of the
Kings and Queens of England ; Dr. Ducarel's correspondence
relative to the History of Lambeth and Croydon Pcdace, 1756-
1763. Archbishop Seeker's bequest, though a large treasure
in itself, stands but as a single article at the end of these
Miscellaneous MSS. Its peculiar value at the present time is
such as especially to interest those vrho, with that learned and
admirable personage, long for a scientific correction of the
original text of the Hebrew Scriptures, and for a thorough
revision of the authorized version of the Scriptures.

" No place in the world contains a nobler monument of
biblical scholarship, or more precious contributions to sacred
literature, than the private closet, where (in his grace's special
custody) are deposited Seeker's interlarded Hebrew and Eng-
lish Bibles, and voluminous notes and disquisitions on passages
of Scripture. When it is considered that Seeker projected
and promoted Kennicott's great collations, and anticipated, by
his sound critical judgment, many of the results of examina-
tions of Hebrew MSS. that he had never seen ; and when we
find under ,what vast obligations Bishop Louth, Archbishop
Newcome, and others, have been to his unpubUshed MSS., it
must be admitted that the single article. No. 1174, deserves
more notice than if it applied to a single volume. It is a
Ubrary in itself, destined, some happy day, to enlighten and
astonish the world. Another biblical treasure is in the
Manners Sutton MSS., which collection contains twenty-two
Greek MSS. of the Christian Scriptures, mostly, I bdieve, yet
uncollated, or the collation unpublished ; besides oth^r Biblical
MSS. in Greek, Syriac, Arabic, and Armenian, and isome col-
lections on heraldry and local antiquities. The suojerb Arabic
Koran, which now lies before me, belongs, also, taf this part of
the Ubrary, presented by the Governor-General oi\ India. This

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH* 59

the celebrated Claudius Buchanan, whose characteristic and
autograph note, dated November 1 0th, 1805, attests that it was
written for one of the Saltans four hundred years ago, pre-
served by his successors, and captured by tbe British from
Tippoo at Seringapatam. He calls it the most valuable Koran
of Asia."

Mr. Black then proceeded to describe the Records : —

''These,'' he said, ''are now properly distinguished and
separated from the MSS. (among which some of them were
formerly reported and placed), and are of the utmost import-
ance to the ecclesiastical, the local, and even the public history
of this country. The Archiepiscopal Registers begin with that
of Archbishop Peckham,in 1278, and come down to the pre-
sent time. It is certain that Archbishop Kilwarby, when he
left this country for Italy, and was made Cardinal in the reign
of Edward I., took with him his own and his predecessors'
registers. His successor applied for them, and other valuables
of this see, in vain ; and they have not since been heard of.
Some years ago, when I had the direction of foreign researches
for the late Record Commissioners, I caused diUgent inquiries
to be made at Rome and elsewhere, without discovering any
trace of their existence. However, those which remain are
a magnificent and voluminous series of records, written on
vellum, and massively bound. They are rendered accessible by
means of a volmninous series of indices, compiled by the indefa-
tigable Dr. Ducarel. The original Papal BuUs are both ancient
and important, and relate to affairs, both public and private,
from the twelfth or thirteenth century to the Reformation;
they are 122 in number, and are bound in two volumes.

" It must not be forgotten, in conclusion, that the Archiepis-
copal Registers contain entries of many ancient wills, proved
before the archbishop, which are nowhere else to be found ;
among these is the will of John Gower, the poet, which was
published by Dr. Todd, from Archbishop Arundel's Register,
in his Illustrations of Gower and Chancery and afterwards,
more accurately, in the Ewcerpta JSistorica a Collectanea
HbpoffrapAica.^'

Among the manuscripts, in addition to those previously
mentioned, the following are particularly worthy of notice : —

" The Notable Wise Dictes and Sayings of Philosophers,"

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60 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

translated out of French into English, by Anthony Woodville,
Earl Rivers ; finished December 24, anno 16th Edw. IV, This
is written in a fair, regular, and even a Roman hand, as if it
were printed ; and has prefixed a fine illumination of the Earl
presenting Caxton, the printer, to King Edward IV., in the
presence of the Queen, the Duke of York, his infant son, after-
wards Edward v., and many others of the nobility. The colours
in this little picture are beautifully vivid, and the drawing of
considerable merit for the age. The " Dictes and Sayings "
was published by Caxton, with a preface, in which he mentions
a curious liberty he had taken with it, and which displays
some covert humour^ " I find," says he, " that my said lord
hath left out certain and divers conclusions touching women ;
whereof I marvelled that my said lord hath not writ on them,
nor what hath moved him so to do, nor what cause he had at
that time. But I suppose that some fair lady hath desired
him to leave it out of his book ; or else he was amorous on
some noble lady, for whose love he would not set it in his
book ; or else, for the very afifection, love, and good will that he
hath unto a// ladies and gentlewomen, he thought that Socrates
spared the sooth, and wrote of women more than truth ; which
I cannot think that so true a man and so noble a philosopher
as Socrates was, should. * * * But I perceive that my said
lord knoweth verily that such defaults be not had nor found
in the women born and dwelling in these parts nor regions of
the world. * * * I wot well, of whatsoever condition women
be in Greece, the women of this country be right good, wise,
pleasant, humble, discrete, sober, chaste, obedient to their hus-
bands, true, secret, steadfast, ever busy and never idle, tem-
perate in speaking, and virtuous in all their works ; or, at leasts
should be so** Caxton gathered up all the missing firagments,
and published them at the end of the book.

The Chronicle of St. Albans^ on vellum, foho, finely illustrated,
temp. Hen. VI.

llie Apocalypse of St. John, a beautiful folio MS. on vellum,
supposed to be of the thirteenth century ; with a short Latin
exposition, in seventy-eight matchless illuminations, whose
colours are in fine preservation. To this is added another
curiosity, conttoing several figures of our Saviour, the Virgin
Mary, some saints, two ancient Archbishops of C^mterbury, the

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HISTOEY OP LAMBETH. 61

death of William Rufas, &c., curiously drawn, and in a good
state of preservation.

The Daunce o/Machabee (commonly called Death's Dance).
A most imcommon book, in vellum, 4to, without date, printed
at Paris, with very ancient Gothic types, containing thirty-five
beautiful illuminations, with French explanatory verses. It is
supposed to have been printed from a French MS., translated
by Lydgate the Monk of Bury, who flourished in the time of
Henry VI., and which is noticed by Dugdale in his History of
St. Paul*8, as being painted round the cloister of that church.

An ancient MS. Virffil on vellum, but imperfect.

I%e Household-book of Archbishop Cranmer.

Archbishop Parker s AntiquitieSy a complete copy, printed by
Daye,in 1672. It contains the very uncommon portrait by
Berg of the archbishop, taken just before his death, and has
likewise many MS. additions, and curious original notices.
Only two complete copies of this work are known to be extant.

It may also be mentioned, that there is still remaining in
the Manuscript Library, the habit of a priest, consisting of a
stole, manuple, chasuple, cord, two bands marked with the
letter P, and the corporal, together with a crucifix of base
metal, with a string of beads, and a box of relics, sealed with
this inscription : —

" Bartholomai

" In capstda sunt contenta reliquia Sanctorum apostoli ....

pars cruris 8. Matthm sacrum cranium, et etiam pars

cranii Sta. Appollonia virg. et mart, . . . S. Flora virg. . , . et
Storum. Francisci Assisiensis revisa et approbata a '*

Over the fireplace, at each end of the Library, are, richly
emblazoned, the arms of Archbishop Bancroft, the founder,
and Archbishop Seeker, by whom it was augmented.

Between the little porch and great hall is a kind of vestibule,
with a staircase leading to the Gallery , which is well lighted
by square lanterns in the ceiling, occurring at intervals along
its course. Its erection is traditionally ascribed to Cardinal
Pole, and probably with truth, as the style of architecture is
evidently of that period. This room claims particular notice
for the fine collection of portraits (chiefly of bishops) with
which it is decorated.

Among them we observe that of Cardinal Pole, which is of

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62 BISTORT 09 LASIBSTH.

^eat spirit and beauty, though said to be only a copy firom
that in the Barbarini Palace. It is the size of hfe, and repre-
sents him seated in the splendid habit of his order, the scarlet
of which is pecuUarly bright and glowing.

Archbishop Arundel {t. Henry IV.) — A copy from a valuable
antique portrait of that prelate preserved in the Penshurst
collection, among the pictures of the Constables of Queen-
borough Castle, of which the archbishop was, it seems, one.
The two upper comers of the picture are filled by his arms
impaling Canterbury, and a red rose, the badge of the house of
Lancaster. Between them is the following : —

Thomas Fitzallenvs Filius

CoMiTis Arvndellie aec

HEiPiscopvs Cantvaeiensis

CONSTABVLARIVS CaSTRE DE
QVEENSBOVRGH, 27 APRI-
LIS ANNO DECTMO ReGNI

Henrici Qvarto.

William JFarham, a very fine original by Holbein, and pre-
sented by him to that prelate, together with a head of his
friend Erasmus. These two pictures passed by the wills of
Archbishop Warham and his successors, until they came to
Archbishop Laud ; after whose decapitation they were missing
till the time of Bancroft, who recovered the present portrait by
the interference of Sir William Dugdale ; that of Erasmus was
irrecoverably lost.

Matthew Parker, an original, painted in 1572, probably by
Richard Lyne, an artist of great merit, retained by the arch-
bishop on his establishment, and under whom he jointly prac-
tised the arts of painting and engraving. This portrait was
presented to Archbishop Potter by James West, Esq., President
of the Royal Society.

Archbishop Chicheley, painted on panel. He is represented
standing within a rich Gothic niche, in the attitude of giving
the benediction. On the picture is inscribed : —

Henriovs Chicheley, Archiep. Cantvar.

FVNDATOR COLLEGII ANIMA O'lVEM FlD* OxON.

Among the modem Bishops, are — Gilbert Burnet, Bishop of
Sarum. The picture is dated 1689.

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JEIL

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HISTORY Of LAMBETH. 68

Bishop JKiir^A, orXMord; and after,w«rib of Worcester, date
1690. Celebrated for the determined manner ki' which he
upheld the rights of his college of the University against the
arbitrary mandate of Janles IL He died at the age of 93;
and was. buried in. Worcester Cathedral.

There are also portraits of Z/fl^e/ (the predecessor of Hough
in the sees of Lichfield and Worcester, and one of the seven
prelates committed to the Tower by James II.) ; of Patrick]
Bishop of Ely, 1691 ; of Bishop Thomas of Winchester, 1761,
and Terrick of London^ both by Dance ; and seVemed other
prelates. ' ;

We mttst not omit to notice a portrait oi Prince Henry y the
accomplished son of James I. ; another of Catherine Parr^ and
a picture of Luther «£A his wife;

The windows of this apartment «re enriched wi^h beautiful
stained glass. Containing the arms of -many of the primates;
particularly the bow-window, in which are the arms of all th0
Protestant bishops from Cranmer to' Com wallis.

From the gallery a door leads us into one of the most inte^
resting parts of the palace, the Guard RooMi-^which has been
rebuilt. Its antiquity is attested by the steward's accounts of
the lime of Henry VL, in which it is mentioned as a restora-
tion of a former Guard Room. The arms kept here pais$ed
by purchase from one bishop to another. Round the walls
are an unbroken series of the archbishops from* the timie of
Warham downwards, painted by the most esteemed artist of
their days, with portraits of one or two of a still earlier date.

From the Guard Room we pass into the Vestry,— -contain-
ing several pictnres ; and a splendid old chest, covered inside
and out with figures and landscapes in relief^ wonderfully
elaborate. It is of foreign manufacture^ and said to be
Chinese.

From the Vestry we enter the Chapel, — ^by far the most
ancient part of the building, being probably of Boniface's
original erection. Jt is in the earliest style of English archi-
tecture, lighted on the ^idea by triple lancet-shaped windows,
and on the east by a window of five lights, set between mas-
sive and deep masonry. Its dimensions ate seventy-two feet
in length, twenty-five in breadth, and thirty in height.

Previous to the Civil Wars, the windows were adorned with

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64 HISTORY Oy LAMBETH.

very fine painted glass, put up by Archbishop Morix)n, as
appeared by his device in those windows, representing the
whole history of man, from the creation to the day of judg-
ment. The windows being divided into three parts, the two
side lights contained the types in the Old Testament, and the
middle light the antitype and verity in the New. Laud, at
his coming to Lambeth, found these windows '' shameful to
look on, all diversly patched, like a poor beggar^s coat," and
repaired them. This circumstance was produced against him
at his trial, his accusers alleging " that he did repair the story
of those windows by their like in the Mass Book;" but this
he utterly denied, and affirmed that he and his secretary made
out the story as well as they could by the remains that were
unbroken. These beautiful windows were shortly afterwards
all defaced by the Puritans. The roof, which is flat, and di-
vided into compartments, is embellished with the arms of that
prelate.

That part of the Chapel which is fitted up for divine service,
is separated from the remainder (of the western extremity) by
a massive and richly carved oak screen — which, somewhat
strangely, is painted. Archbishop Parker, at his death, in
1675, aged 72, desired to be buried here. His body, by his
request, was interred at the upper end of the chapel, against
the communion-table, on the south side, under a monument
of his own erecting, and placed by his direction against that
part of the chapel where he used to pray, with a Latin inscrip-
tion, composed by his old friend Dr. Walter Haddon, as
follows : —

Sobrius et pnidens, studiis excultus et usu.
Integer, et verse religionis amans,

Matthseus vixit Parkerus, foverat ilium
Aula virum juvenem, fovit et aula senem.

Ordine res gessit, recti defensor et sequi :
Vixerat ille Deo, mortuus ille Deo est.^

During the troubles of 1648, the chapel was turned into a
hall, or dancing-room, by Colonel Scott, who, at the same
time, demolished Parker's monument. Nor was that all. His

^ When Dr. Haddon showed this inscription to Parker, he replied, very
happily, '* He could not assume the description of such a character to himself,
but he would so make use of it as to attain, as far as possible, the good quali-
ties and virtues it specified."

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 65

body, by order of Matthew Harding, a Puritan, was dug up,
stripped of its leaden covering (which was sold), and buri^
in a dunghill, where it remained till after the Restoration,
when Sir William Dugdale, hearing of the matter accidentally,
immediately repaired to Archbishop Sancroft, by whose dili-
gence, aided by the House of Lords, the bones were found,
and again buried in the chapel, where a stone, with the fol-
lowing inscription, now marks the place : —

CORPUS

MATTHJEI

ARCHIEPISCOPI

TANDEI* HIC

QVIESCIT.

There is also a monument, with a long inscription to his
memory, in the western extremity of the chapel, erected by
Archbishop Sancroft.

The interior is handsomely fitted up with a range of pews
or stalls on each side for the ofiicers of the archbishop's house-
hold, with seats beneath for the inferior domestics ; a screen
elaborately carved, as well as the archbishop's seat ; a stall
which adjoins the inner side of it ; an altar-piece of the Corin-
thian order. A gallery beneath the west window contains a
sort of reading-desk in front, a plain movable pulpit, and some
other decorations.

There was an organ here in Archbishop Parker's time, for
he bequeaths orffana mea chorialia in mcello LcmAithi sita,
to his successors; and Archbishop Laud makes a similar
bequest.

Besides the present, there appears to have been anciently
more chapels or places of prayer within the Palace, mention
being made in the Computus Ballivorum, 15 Edw. H., as well
as in other places, and also in the time of Chicheley, when
William Tailour was brought before him, in capella mcyori
infra manerium mum de Lamehith pro tribunali sedente; which
would imply that there was a lesser one. Mention is likewise
made of magnum oritorium domini et oritorium domini, which
were distinct from the chapel.

The present chapel was repaired in 1280, as appears by an
entry in Archbishop Peckham's register ; and in that of Arch-

5

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66 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

bishop Arundell mention is made of a new altar being conse''
crated in 1407.

Underaeath the chapel is a spacious Cript, which is pro-
bably as old as the time of Boniface, 1262. It consists of a
series of strong stone arches, supported in the centre by a
short massive column, and is thirty-six feet long by twenty-four
wide. The roof, which is about ten feet from the ground, is
finely groined.

To the left is the Lollard's Tower — ^a lofty square em-
battled structure of stone, similar to that of the chapel, from
which there is an entrance through an ancient gateway into
its lower story, called the Post Room,^ from a stout pillar in
the centre, probably placed there for the purpose of securing
the unfortunate heretics confined in the room above, whilst
undergoing the degrading punishment of the lash.

This tower was erected by Archbishop Chicheley, at a cost
of £278. 2s. ll^d. In the Computus JBallivorum, or steward's
accounts for the year, each item is set down. By these it
appears, every foot in height of this building, including the
whole circumference, cost 13*. 4id. for the work. The ironwork
used about the windows and doors weighed 1322^ lb., which,
at l^d. per pound, would amount to £10. 14*. 11^^.; and
three thousand bricks were used for stopping the windows
between the chapel and the tower. On the west side was a
niche, in which was placed the image of St. Thomas, which
image cost ISsAd. A bricklayer's and tiler's wages were then
by the day. with victuals 4fl?., without victuals Qd. or &^d. ; a
labourer's, with victuals 3fl?., without victuals B^d.

To make way for the erection of this tower, some other
buildings on the same site appear to have been taken down,
but whether prisons or not is imknown. That the Archbishops
of Canterbury had prisons here before this tower was built, is
certain ; for we have an account of a married chaplain brought
before Archbishop Arundell in 1402, out of his prisons within
his manor of Lambeth. In the registers of this see are several
of the proceedings against the Lollards in the time of Arundell

^ It is on record, that tlie builder of the tower, Chicheley, found during his
time the impossibility of punishing all heretics with death, therefore whipping
and other severe and degrading punishments were consequently resorted to.
No doubt the post-room was expressly set apart for this puipose. A low
door in one comer originally led to the crypt beneath. '

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LOLLA.RDS' TOWER.

LOLLAilDS' PRISON.

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, I

l_.

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HISTORY OP LAMBETH. 67

and Chicheley. William Tailour, in particular, was brought
to Lambeth by Chicheley; but he was not confined there,
being in the custody of the Bishop of Worcester.^

A low door in one comer led, by a stone staircase now
ruinous, to the gallery of the chapel, and across that into the
staircase^ to the Lollard's Prison, the dimensions of which
are very small, being about thirteen feet by twelve feet, and
about eight feet high. The door within the ptone walls is set
in an immense framework of timber; the room is entirely
boarded over, floor, ceilings, and walls ; whether this was done
for the comfort or safety of the prisoners, is uncertain. It con-
tains two windows, the principal one looking into the river and
across to Westminster, and the other into the palace garden.
There are eight iron rings in the wainscot, and a small chimney
on the north part ; and upon the sides are various scratches,
half-sentences, and letters, cut with a knife in black letter by
the prisoners who are supposed to have been confined here.
The letters are in general made so rudely as not to be deci-
pherable. Dr. Ducarel has endeavoured to put together the
following sentences : —

©eo fit flrattantm (flratioruO actio— petit Jouganfiam
31je antv 3oim jTs^clte Barfiur wXb scatOrelar
3\is tsjpv^ me out of all el eotn|iene amen
Eljomag iSacar— ilie egto morinens
Sic a&it— augtin— |ofjn aUortfj
Cljeggam ©oetor— Nogee te ias'm
jFarleji— ifte— |oIjn (|oljan) jgoclte
Pierre aimacWti (|oljn got*)*

Could we but know all the separate histories of the men
whose handwriting Ues on the wall of this strange-looking

^ The principal tenets deemed heretical in Tailour were — ^that prayer ought
to be addressed to God only ; that praying to any created being is idolatrous ;
and that the worship due to God was not due to Christ in his humauy but in
his divine nature. — Wilkins's Councils, iii. pp.407-418.

^ The original wooden staircase is now remaining.

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68 HISTORY OP LAMBETH.

room, what glorious revelations into the dim but holy recesses
of the human heart might be given to us !

The unfortunate Earl of Essex was confined here previous
to his being sent to the Tower, and also Bishop Shirley, who
died here.

In addition to the apartments already mentioned, there are
the Presence Chamber — a fine ancient room, thirty feet by
nineteen, so called in imitation of the like apartments in royal
palaces. The precise date of its erection is not known. Arch-
bishop Parker describes it in his will, In cubiculo iUo quod
ministri reffit vocant presentia; and earlier, 10th March, 1559,
the same prelate, '^ in an inner chamber within the manor of
the archbishop at Lambeth, called the Chamber of Presence,
committed to Nicholas Bishop of Lincoln the ordination of
such as were approved by his examiners. There were ordained
120 deacons and 37 priests, and seven took deacons' and
priests' orders together." It is principally remarkable for the
stained glass in the windows. Two of these contain portraits
of St. Jerome^ and St. Gregory, with the following verses : —

St. HiERONiMus.

Devout his life, his volumes learned be,
The Sacred Writt's interpreter was he ;
And none y* Doctors of the church among
Is found his equal in the Hebrew tongue.

On the other window : —

Geegorius.

More holy or more learned since his tyme
Was none that wore the triple diadem ;
And by his paynefiill studies he is one
Among the cheefest Latin fathers knowne.

The painted glass was probably placed here by Sancroft.

The Old Drawing Room was formerly called le Velvet
Boom, from its being hung with purple and red velvet. In
the register of Archbishop Wake it is described In camera
quadam vocata ''le velvet room,'' infra adea Lambethanaa. Its
dimensions are 18 feet 10 inches by 19 feet 10 inches. The
new drawing and dressing rooms were built in 1769 by
Archbishop Comwallis, and are very noble apartments.

^ St. Jerome lived in the time of Pope Damasus, a.d. 376 ; St. Gregory
about A.p. 594.

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

69

Cloisters. — In the steward's accounts for the years 1224
and 1443, Magnum Clauatrum and Parvum Clamtrum are
mentioned. The Little or Inner Cloisters were remaining
until the time of Archbishop Herring, by whose order they
were taken down. They extended from east to west parallel
to the north side of the chapel, and were nearly as long as the
cliapel. Their site is called the Burying Ground, possibly
from its having been used anciently for interments, though
no bones were found when Archbishop Herring had them
removed, and the ground dug and cleared of weeds.

The Cloistera.

The present cloisters are on the south side of the chapel,
abutting on the Great Hall on the north, and on the Guard
Chamber and Lollard's Tower on the east and west.

There is a Steward's Parlour, supposed to have been built
in the time of Cranmer, and the Servants' Hall, built in the
time of Boniface.

The Gardens and Park (through the latter of which there is
a pleasant carriage road to the palace) are tastefully laid out ;
for much of their beauty they are indebted to Archbishop
Moore, who, besides enlarging them, made many improvements.
Before the additions made to them by him, they were esti-
mated at nearly thirteen acres ; they now contain at least

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70 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

eighteen. The small garden next the Thames was walled in
and embanked by Archbishop Comwallis.

At a short distance from the palace stood formerly a curious
summer-house {solarium), built in the time of Cranmer, after an
ingenious design of his chaplain, Dr. John Ponet (or Poynet),
who had great skill and taste in works of this kind. It was
repaired by Archbishop Parker ; but, falling very much into
decay, was removed some time since, and its site is not now
exactly known.

The present unity and stateliness of appearance which the
palace presents, is due to the late Archbishop Howley (ad-
vanced to the see in 1828), who erected some splendid new
buildings, including the principal palace front on the south,
and restored the old. The works were under the superin-
tendence of Mr. Blore, who exercised much taste and skill in
their erection. They were several years in progress, and the
entire expense was little short of £60,000.

In the principal court or quadrangle, between the buttresses
on the side of the great hall, are growing some small shoots,
all that remain of the fig-trees planted by Cardinal Pole;
one of which, when cut down about five-and-twenty years
since, overspread the whole of the east end of the buildings
then standing, where the new buildings stand now. The
trees were of the white Marseilles sort, and bore the most
delicious fruit.

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%\t %xt\}fis\ai^i.

I^HE following is the list of the Archbishops of Can-
terbury, with short biographical notices : —
1 . Juffuatine, Consecrated 598. He was a monk
of St. Andrew, at Rome, and was brought up under
Gregory the Great. Buried near the church of St. Peter and
St. Paul, in the monastery of St. Augustine, Canterbury.

2. Lawrence, 611. He was a native of Rome, and fellow
priest with Augustine. He died Feb. 2, 619, and was buried
in the monastery of St. Augustine, Canterbury.

8. Mellitus. 619. He was a Roman of a noble family
and singular merit. 'He died of the gout April 25, 624, and
was buried in St. Augustine's Monastery, Canterbury.

4. Jmtus, 624. He was a wise and good prelate, and
was translated from Rochester to this see. He died Nov. 10,
633, and was buried in the monastery of St. Augustine,
Canterbury.

5. Honorius. 635. He was a native of Rome, and scholar
of Gregory the Great. He is said to have divided his province
into parishes. He died Nov. 30, 653, and was buried in St.
Augustine's Abbey Church, Canterbury. (The see vacant for
one year and six months.)

6. Deusdedit. 655. He was the first English prelate, and
a man of great virtue and erudition, and thence named a Deo

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72 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

datm. He died July 14, 644, and was buried in St. Augus-
tine's Abbey Church, Canterbury.

7. Damianus. 668. He was a South Saxon, and died of
the plague at Rome, where he was buried.

8. Theodoras. 668. He was a Greek (bom at Tarsus, in
Cicilia), and a man of courage and leaming. He died Sept.
20, 690, and was buried at Canterbury, in St. Augustine's
Abbey Church. .

9. Brichtwald. 693. He was an Englishman, and Abbot
of Reculver. He died Jan. 9, 781, and was buried in St.
Augustine's Abbey Church, Canterbury.

10. Tatwine. 731. He was a native of Mercia, ard a
monk of Boardney Monastery. He wrote a book of poems,
and one of enigmas. He died August 1, 734, and was buried
in the Abbey Church of St. Augustine, Canterbury.

11. Northelmm. 735. A native of London, and a person
of great erudition. He rendered much service to the venerable
Bede, in furnishing him with such materials for his history as
related to Augustine's mission and the conversion of Kent.
He was the author of a book called The Life of St.Augvstim.
He died Oct. 16, 741, and was buried in St. Augustine's Abbey
Church, Canterbury,

12. Cuthbert. 741. An Englishman of noble extraction.
He was Abbot of St. Mary at Linnings, and translated fron
Hereford to this see. He died Oct. 25, 758, and was buried
in the Abbey Church at Canterbury. He is said to have borne
for his arms, Argent^ on a fessy Gules, three cross crosdets
fitchee on the first. •

13. Bregwyn. 759. A man of great modesty and piety.
In his life, written by Osbern, a monk of Canterbury, miracles
are said to have been wrought at his tomb. He died Aug. 23,
762, and was buried in the Abbey Church, Canterbury.

14. Lambrith. 763. He was Abbot of St. Augustine,
Canterbury, in the chapter-house of which he was buried on
his death, August 11, 790.

15. Athelard. 793. One of the most exemplary prelates
that ever filled this see. He was previously a monk in the
convent at Canterbury, and Bishop of Winchester. He died
May 12, 803, and was buried in the chapel of St. John the
Baptist, in the Abbey Church, Canterbury.

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HI8T0BT OF LAMBSTH. 73

16. Wilfred. 804. Form^ly a mcmk in tbe Gonventt at
Canterbury. He died March 23, 829, and was buried in the
Abbey Church of Canterbury.

17. Feolffeldus. 829. Died on Aug. 28 following, and
was buried in the Abbey Church.

18. Ceolnoth. 830. He purchased the village of Chert,
and gave it to his church. He died Feb. 4, 870, and was
buried in the Abbey Church.

19. AtJieldred. 872. Previously a monk of the convent
of Canterbury, and Bishop of Winchester, whence he waa
translated to this see. He died June 30, 889, and was buried
in the Abbey Church of Canterbury.

20. Plepnund. 891. He was a Mercian, and possessed
of great piety and erudition. In his younger days he seques-
tered himself from tbe world, and lived as a hermit in a retired
part of the county of Chester. He died August 2, 923, and
was buried in the Abbey Church, Canterbury.

21. Athelmm. 924, on his translation from Wells. He
possessed great integrity of morals, and an intuitive knowledge
of mankind. He died Feb. 12, 934, and was buried in the
Abbey Church of Canterbury.

22. JFidfhelm, or JFlfhelm. 935. Illustrious for his sanctity
and learning. He died Feb. 12, 941, and was buried in th^
Abbey Church, Canterbury.

23. Odo. 941. Called by St. Dunstan"Odo the Good."
His parents were Danes, and came over with Inguar and
Hubba. He was translated from Winchester to this see. He
died July 4, 958, and was buried in the Abbey Church, Can-
terbury. After his death he received canonization.

24. Msine. 958. A man of extraordinary erudition, and
an enemy of the monks. He was translated from Winchester
to this see. He died in 959, and was buried in Winchester
Cathedral.

25. BrigUhelm. 960. He had the year previous been
elected Bishop of Wells. He was a "virtuous and meek man,
but not very fit for government; in regard whereof King
Edgar entreated him, and he easily condescended, to abide
still at his old charge." He died May 15, 973, and was buried
on the north side of the choir in Wells Cathedral, " where,"
says Collinson, " his effigy still remains."

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74 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

26. Dunstan. 960 ; translated from Ijondon. He was a
native of Somersetshire, and received his education at the mo-
nastery of Glastonbury. He had a large share of superficial
holiness and austerity, with a considerable degree of cunning.
He died May 18, 988, and was buried in the Abbey Church,
Canterbury. After his death he was canonized.

27. jEthalgar. 988 ; translated from Selsey, now Chiches-
ter. He was educated in the monastery of Glastonbury.
He died Dec. 8, 989, and was buried in the Abbey Church
of Canterbury.

28. Liricius. 989 ; translated from Winchester. He was
previously Abbot of St. Augustine's, Canterbury ; and, dying
Oct. 27, 994, was buried in the Abbey Church there.

29. Aluric. 996 ; translated from Winchester. He trans-
lated a great part of the Scriptures into the Saxon tongue, a
part of which work still remains in the Bodleian Library. He
died Nov. 17, 1006, and was buried in the Abbey Church of
Canterbury.

30. Alphege. 1006; translated from Winchester. He is
said to have been born of noble parents about the year 954,
but, leaving them and all his inheritance when young, he ap-
plied himself to a religious life. He was taken prisoner by
the Danes, when they besieged Canterbury, and was by them
cast into a filthy and unwholesome dungeon, from whence he
was taken, after many months' endurance, and conveyed to
Greenwich, at which place he was offered his liberty on pay-
ment of a ransom of 3000 marks of gold. " The only riches
I have to offer," replied Alphege, " is that of wisdom, which
consists in the knowledge and worship of the true God."
Incensed at this apparent contumely, they struck him with
the backs of their battle-axes, and afterwards stoned him until
nearly dead, when one of their number, from a feeling of
mercy towards him, cleft his head in twain, and terminated
his life and sufferings on April 10, 1012. He was buried in
St. Paul's, London, but was afterwards exhumed and deposited
in the Abbey Church, Canterbury. On the spot where his
murder was committed now stands the parish church of
Greenwich, 6n which is still an inscription expressive that it
was "erected and dedicated to the glory of God, and the

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HISTORY OP LAMBETH. 75

memory of St. Alphege, Archbisliop of Canterbury, there sliain
by these Danes."

81. Living, Leaving, alias Elfstan. 1013 ; translated from
Wells. The Saxon Chronicle fixes his death at 1019. "Arch-
bishop Elfstan died this year, who was also named Lifing.
He was a very upright man, both before God and before the
world." He was buried in the Abbey Church at Canterbury.

32. Ethelnoth. 1020. Previously of Glastonbury Monas-
tery. He died Oct. 27, 1038, and ^9& buried before the altar
of St. Benedict, in Christ Church, Canterbury.

33. JEadsin. 1038. He had been chaplain to Harold.
He crowned Edward the Confessor on Easter day, and then
preached upon the occasion. This is the first coronation ser-
mon met with. He died Oct. 29, 1049, and was buried in
the Abbey Church of Canterbury.

34. Bobert. 1050 ; translated from London. He was a
monk of the monastery of Gemetica, in Normandy, where he
met with Edward the Confessor whilst an exile in that country,
and became one of his greatest favourites. He was ejected
from this see in 1052, and on his death was buried at
Gemetica.

35. Stigand. 1052; translated from Winchester. One of
the boldest and most eminent prelates that ever filled the see
of Canterbury. He was greatly attached to Harold, to whom
he had been chaplain ; and on his death refused to place the
crown on the head of the Conqueror WiUiam. He was de-
posed in 1070. Buried in the Abbey Church, Winchester.

86. Lanfranc. 1070. An Italian, bom in Lombardy, and
Abbot of Caen, in Normandy. He was the author of several
works, including a lAfe of William the ConqueroTy a Com-
mentary on the Psalm^y &c. He died May 27, 1089, and
was buried in the Chapel of the Holy Trinity, in the Abbey
Church, Canterbury. Aems : Girony, Gules and Azure^ on a
globe y a cross potent. Or.

37. Anselm. 1093. Bom in Piedmont, and Abbot of Bee,
in Normandy. In a life of this archbishop, printed at Cologne
in the year 1573, are found the following judicious remarks
on scholastic discipline, addressed to a certain abbot who
consulted him about the education of some boys that were
brought up in the cloisters of his monastery : —

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76 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

'' ' What, I pray you,' says the abbot, addressmg himself
to Anselm, ' What, I pray you, can be done with them? They
are perverse and incorrigible ; day and night we cease not io
beat them, and yet they always become worse and worse/
At which Anselm, surprised, exclaimed, ' Cease not to beat
them 1 and how are they when they are grown up?' — 'They
are dull and brutish/ — ' For what good purpose, then,' asks
the archbishop, ' do ye, who for men, have brought up brutes,
lay out all your money and care ?' — * What can we do to pre-
vent it? We constrain them by every means to improve, but
all to no purpose/ — ' Constrain them, do you ? Tell me. Father
Abbot, I pray, if you were to set a plant in a garden, and
just after were to shut it up on every side, so that it could in
no way extend its branches, and when, after a year, you should
set it free, what sort of a tree would issue thence?'— 'Useless,
certainly, with crooked and entangled branches/ — ' And who
would be to blame for this, but you, who so unreasonably
confined it ? This is just what you do with your boys : they
are plants in the garden of the church, and ye do, on all sides,
so restrain them with all kinds of terrors, menaces, and blows,
that they are not allowed the smallest liberty ; therefore, in-
discreetly oppressed, they breed, foment, and nourish within
themselves, depraved and perplexed thoughts, and so continue
to cherish them, that they obstinately evade all means that
can be administered to correct them. Whence it comes to
pass, that because they perceive in you no love, no affection,
no sweetness towards them, they have no confidence after-
wards of any good in you, but beUeve all that you do proceeds
from hatred and malice against them. By these wretched
means it happens, that as they afterwards increase in age, so
hatred and suspicion of evil increase in them, always prone
and bent to vice ; and, since they have not been bred in true
charity to any one, they are able to look upon no one but
with depressed brows and averted eyes. But for God's sake,
tell me what is the reason that you thus torture them ? Are
they not men ? Are they not of the same nature with your-
selves? Would you wish that to be done to you which you
do to them ?'**** The abbot having heard these words,
groaning, said, * Truly, we have erred from the truth, and the
hght of discretion is not in us.' And craving pardon for the

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HISTORY OP LAMBETH. 77

past, and promising amendment for the future, he reverentially
withdrew/' Anselm died on April 22, 1109, and was buried
near the altar of St. Peter and St. Paul, in the Abbey Church,
Canterbury. He was canonized after his decease. Arms :
Arffenty gutte de aanffy a cross formey Gules.

38. Bodulph. 1115; translated from Rochester. A man
of great sanctity and learning. He died Oct. 18, 1122, and
was buried in the nave of the Abbey, Canterbury. Arms :
Sable y a patriarchal cross, Argent,

39. William Corboil. 1128. He was Prior of Chiche. He
died Dec. 19, 1136, and was buried in the north cross aisle
of the Abbey of Canterbury. Arms : Azure, a bend wavy in
the sinister corner, in chief a cross, couped. Argent,

40. Theobald. 1139. He was Abbot of Bee, in Normandy,
and of a courteous disposition, combined with much charity.
He died April 19, 1161, and was buried in the Abbey Church,
Canterbury. Arms : Azure, three bars, or, a chief dancette.
Gules,

41. Thomas a Becket. 1162. A man of consummate abili-
ties, great cunning, undaunted courage, and inflexible con-
stancy in the prosecution of his designs. As an instance of
ecclesiastical power and magnificence at this period, we may
mention that Thomas a Becket had seven hundred knights as
part of his household, besides twelve hundred stipendiary re^
tainers, and four thousand followers serving him forty days.
He was murdered Dec. 29, 1170, and buried in the Abbey
Church of Canterbury. Canonization was conferred upon him
after his decease. Arms : Argent, three Cornish choughs. Sable.

42. Richard. 1174. He was a native of Normandy, and
Prior of Dover ; of mild temper, innocent life, and moderate
principles. He died Feb. 19, 1184, and was interred in the
north aisle of the Abbey Church, Canterbury. Arms : Azure,
between two bendlets, three mvllets. Argent,

43. Baldmn. 1186; translated from Worcester. He
accompanied Richard Coeur-de-Liou to Palestine, and died of
a flux in 1190, at the siege of Aeon, where he was buried.
Arms : Gules, two bendlets and a bordure. Argent.

44* Reginald FitZ'Jocelyn. 1191 ; translated from Wells.
He was a son of Jocelyn, Bishop of Salisbury. He, in all pro-
bability, was by birth an Englishman, though Godwin calls

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78 HI8T0BT OP LAMBETH.

him a Lombard, most likely from the circumstance of his
father being of an ancient family of Lombardy. He died
Dec. 26, 1191 (having first, like his father, assumed the
cowl), and was buried in Bath Cathedral, near the high altar.
Aems : Argenty a fesa dancette, in the upper part a cross
formSy Gtdes.

45. Hubert Walter. 1193. HebecameChief Justice of Eng-
land, and Lord Chancellor. He built the wall and made the
moat round the Tower of London. He died July 13, 1205,
and was buried in the Abbey Church, Canterbury. Arbcs :
Quarterly y Azure and Argent, a cross. Or; in the first and fourth
quarters, five mullets of the first; in the second and thirds an
eagle displayed, Sable.

46. Stephen Langton. 1207. He was made archbishop
through the intrigues of the Pope, whose creature he was, and
in despite of King John ; to appease whom, his Holiness pre-
sented him with four gold rings, set with precious stones, and
enhanced the value of the gift by informing him of the many
mysteries implied in it. He begged of him (John) to con-
sider seriously Wieform of the rings, their number, their matter,
and their colour. Their /<?r»^, he said, being round, shadowed
out eternity, which had neither beginning nor end ; and he
ought thence to learn the duty of aspiring from earthly objects
to heavenly, from things temporal to things eternal. The
number, four, being a square, denoted steadiness of mind, not
to be subverted either by prosperity or adversity ; fixed for
ever in the bases of the four cardinal virtues. Gold, which is
the matter, being the most precious of metals, signified wisdom,
which is the most precious of all accomplishments, and justly
prefbrred by Solomon to riches, power, and all exterior attain-
ments. The blue colour of the sapphire represented faith ; the
verdure of the emerald, hope ; the richness of the ruby, charity;
and the splendour of the topaz, good works. He died July 9,
1228, and was buried in Sf. Michael's Chapel, in the Abbey
Church of Canterbury. Aems : Quarterly, Gules and Or, a
bend Argent; or, according to Archbishop Parker, Per pale.
Azure and Gules, a bend. Or.

47. Richard Wethershed. 1230. A man of great erudition
and sanctity. Having a dispute with Hubert de Burgh, Earl
of Kent, he went to Rome for the decision of the Pppe, and

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

79

on his return, was taken ill at Gemma, and died Aug. 3, 1231,
not without suspicion of being poisoned. He was buried
in the church of the Friars Minors, at St. Gemma. Arms :
Arffenty on a hend azure ^ three cinquefoih, pierced. Or.

48. Edmund Rich y alias de Abingdon. 1234,- translated
from the chancellorship of Sarum. He died Nov. 17, 1240,
and was buried at Soissy, in Pontiniac. He was qanonized
six years after his death, in the Council of Lyons, and his
body enshrined with great pomp, by King Louis, of France.
Arms : GuleSy a cross flory. Or, between four Cornish choughs^
proper.

49. Boniface. 1245. By his pride, exactions, and op-
pressions, he rendered himself so obnoxious to the EngHsh,
that he was obliged to return to his own country, and died
in the Castle of St. Helena, Savoy, July 18, 1270. He was
buried at St. Colomb, in Savoy. Arms : Gules, a plain cross.
Argent.

50. Bobert Kilwardby. 1272. He was made Cardinal
Bishop of Portua, about 1278, by Pope Nicholas 111., for
which he resigned the archbishopric.^ He was buried at
Viterbo, in Italy. Arms : Azure, on a bend. Gules, three
escallops, Argent.

51. John Beckham, 1279. A great benefactor to his
church. He died Dec. 8, 1294, and was buried in the Abbey
Church, Canterbury. Arms : Ermine, a chief quarterly. Or
and Gules.

f^2. Bobert Winchelsey. 1294. His charity was unbounded.
He relieved about 3000 poor twice a week. He died at Ox-
ford May 11, 1313, and was buried in the south cross of the

^ As showing the price of provisions at this period, it may be interesting
to state that when this archbishop visited his lands at Tarring, Sussex, about
▲.n. 1277, the prices of articles to be supplied by his tenants were settled by
agreement as follows : —

A bushel of wheat
A ditto of oats
Carcass of beef
Yearling hog .

4 gallons of beer
2 good hens .

5 score of eggs

Cartweight's Bape ofBramber.

B.

d.

n

1

1

4

8

1

1

1

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80 HIBTO&f OF LAMBETH.

Abbey Church of Canterbury. Aems: ArgenUafe^ Ermine,
voided^ Gidea, in chief three roses of the last.

53. Walter Heynold. 1314; translated from Worcester.
He died (it is said of a broken heart, upon being threatened
by the Pope for consecrating, at the Queen's request, James
Barley, Bishop of Exeter) Nov. 18, 1327, at Mortlake, and
was buried in the Abbey Church of Canterbury. Aems : Az,y
on a cross 0., between the symbols of the four Evangelists of tke
lastyfive lions rampant G., armed and langued, Az.

54 Sirwrn Mepham. 1328. He was bom at Mepham, in
Kent, whence he took his name, and where he founded a
churdi for the use of the poor. JHe died Oct. 12, 1833, and
was buried in the chapel of St. Ansdm, in the Abbey Church,
Canterbury. Arms : Argent, on a cross. Azure, the letter m.
Or, crotmed of the same.

56. John Stratford. 1334. Thrice Chancellor of England,
He died at Mayfield in 1348, and was buried in the south
cross of the Abbey Church, Canterbury. Arms : Per f ess,
Gides and Sable, three plates; or, according to Archbishop
Parker and others, -^r^^^, afess, Gtdes, between three bezants.

66. John de Offord. He died, before consecration, in 1349,
at Tottenham, and was buried in the Abbey Church of Can-
terbury. Arms : SMe, a cross engrailed. Or.

57. Thomas Bradwardyne. 1349. Much esteemed in the
age in which he lived. He died Aug. 25, 1349, at Lambeth,
and was buried in St. Anselm's Chapel, in the Abbey Church
of Cant^bury. Arms : Barry of six. Sable and Ermine, six
guttees de larmes; or, according to Parker, Barry of six.
Ermines and ermine.

68. Simon Islip. 1349. A native of Islip, in Oxfordshire,
whence he took his name. He founded Canterbury Hall, now
part of Christ Church, Oxford. He died April 27, 1366, and
was buried in the nave of the Abbey Church of Canterbury.
Arms : Gules, a cross forme. Or.

bd. Simon Zangham. 1366; translated from Ely. He was
made Cardinal in 1363, when he resigned the archbishopric.
He was buried in Westminster Abbey. Arms : Or, a chevron
embattled, Gtdes, between three trefoils, slipt. Vert. <

60. William Wittlesley. 1368 ; translated from Worcester.
He was a native of Huntingdonshire, and nephew of Arch-

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HISTORY OP LAMBETH. 81

bishop Islip. He was collated by his uncle to the rectory of
Croydon April 12, 1362; afterwards became Doctor of Canon
Law at Oxford, and obtained other appointments through his
uncle's influence. He died June 6, 1374, and was buried in
the Abbey Church, Canterbury. Arms : Or, a saitire. Azure.

61. Simon de Sudbury. 1376 ; translated from London.
He was beheaded on Tower-hill, in the disturbances of Jack
Straw and Wat Tyler, June 16, 1881, and buried in the Abbey
Church, Canterbury. Arms : A talbot^ botmd, setant, vnthin
a bordure^ engrailed.

62. William Courtney. 1382. He was Chancellor of the
University of Oxford in 1367; Bishop of Hereford, 1369;
Bishop of London, 1375, from which he was translated to this
see. He was the son of Hugh, second Earl of Devon, by
Margaret, daughter of Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford
and Essex, and grand-daughter of King Edward I. He died
July 31, 1396, and was buried in the Chapel of the Holy
Trinity, in the Abbey Church of Canterbury. There is a
monument to his memory at Maidstone, where some think he
is actually interred, according to his wish in a codicil to his
will. Arms : Or, three torteauw^ a label of three points. Azure,
for difference, on each point a mitre.

63. Thomas Arundell. 1397. He was successively Bishop
of Ely, Archbishop of York, Archbishop of Canterbury, and
Lord Chancellor of England. He was the third son of Richard
Rtzallan, ninth Earl of Arundell. This prelate was impeached
and banished the kingdom in the reign of Richard II., but
returned with Henry IV., and was restored to this see. He
was a person of great eminence in his time, but is accused of
being a religious persecutor, particularly of the Wickliffites,
and of Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham. He died Oct. 20,
1413, and was buried in the Cathedral Church of Canterbury.
Abms: Quarterly, Istand ^th. Gules, a lion rampant. Or; 2nd
ird, chequy. Azure and Or, within a bordure engrailed. Argent.

64. Henry Chicheley. 1414 ; translated from St. David's.
An excellent and charitable prelate. He was bom at Higham
Ferrers, where he founded and endowed a collegiate church
and hospital. He also built two colleges at Oxford : Bernard's
College (dissolved by Henry VIII., and afterwards restored by
Sir Thomas White, and now called St. John's College) ; and

6

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82 HISTORY OF LAMBSTU.

All Souls' CSoUege. Archbishop Chicheley made an extraor-
dinary mistake in 1416, when, to reform the barber surgeons,
he strictly enjoined that their shops should not be opened on
the Lord's day, viz., the seventh day of the week, which the
Lord blessed and made holy, and on which, after Us six days'
works, he rested from all his labour. The Jews were much
gratified at this error, but their triumph was of short duration.^
He died April 12, 1443, and was buried in Canterbury Cathe-
dral. Arms : Or, a chevron between three cinquefoils, Gules.
65. John Stafford. 1443; translated from Wells. This

^ The foUowing carious letter was addressed by Archbisliop Chicheley to
Heniy V. :—

** Sovereyn Lord, — After moost humble reoommendacion, with hele bothe
of body and of sowle as zour selfe and alle zour li^ men desire, lyke zow to
wyte that the first Soneday of Lenton, the Dwk of Excester, zour huBcLe,
sent for me to the Frer Prechours, wer I fond with him zour preist and bede-
man Thomas Fyshbom, and ther he tok to me zour Lettre wryten with zour
owne bond in zour boost be fore zour town of Faleys, be the wich I undir^
■tood as I have at alle tymes, blessed be Almyzty God, understonde, that
among alle zour moost wordly occupacions that any Prince may have in
herthe, ze desire prinoipaly vertuous lyvyug and zour sowle heele ; and for as
myche as my brother of Seint David as was zour confessour is in his best
tyme go to God, ze desire that I shold be the avys of zour unde a forseyd
send zou in his stede a gode man and a clerk of divinite to oocupie that ofiis
til zour oomyng into zour loud of Ynglond. And whanne I hadde red zour
honurable letter zour uncle a forseyd seyd to me that he had communyd with.
Sir Thomas Fyschbom a forseyd be zour comaundement of this same matier.
and whow it semed to hym, if it lyked me, that Thomas Dyss a frer prechour,
mayster of divinite of the scole of Caumbrygge, wer a good man and a suf-
ficient ther to, and whow thei hadde oommunid with him ther offe and al so
with frere John Tylle the provincial of the same ordre ther offe ; and con-
sidereng his good name and fame as wel in good .and honest lyvyng as in
dergie, I assentyd in to the same persone, and so communed with hun ther
offe, and toold him owre oomun avis ; and he hath ziv^i his assent ther to
and ordeyneth hym in alle hast to come to zour presence, so that I hop he
schal be with zou at the same tyme that zour chapel schal come : and be the
grace of God ze schol fynde hym a good man and a spirituel, and pleyn to zu
with owte feyntese. Forthermore towchyng that ze do sire to have licence to
chese zou a confessor, &c. I send zu a letter ther offe a seelyd under my seel,
with sufficient power to do in that caas al that I myght do my self in zour
roial presence. Towchyng all ordr things, I wot wel my lord your brother
sendyth to zu pleynlych : and ther fore undir zour Grace it seemeth to me no
more to vexe zour Hygnesse with myche redyug : praying ever Almyity God
suyoh speed to graunt zou on zour moost ryal joume that may be to his
plesaunoe, and hasty perfourmeng of zour blessud entent, and pees to crista
pepul. Amen. Wryten at Lambyth xvj day of Febr. 1418.

*« Zour preest bedeman, H. C."

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mSTORY OV LAMBBTfl. 88

prelate was the ninth son of Humphrey de Stafford, seventh
Baron Stafford, sixth Earl of Stafford, K.G., and first Duke of
Buckingham, son of Edmund, fifth earl, by Ann Plantagenet,
daughter and heiress of Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Glou*
caster, younger son of King Edward III. Bishop Stafford was
bom at Hook, in the parish of Abbotsbury, county of Dorset,
and was educated at Oxford, of which university he became
LL.D. He was advanced to the high station of Lord Chan-
cellor in 1432, which he held for eighteen years. He died at
Maidstone, July 6, 1452, and was buried in the Martyrdomey
as Godwin caUs it — Canterbury Cathedral.^ Arms: Or, a

^ The fate of the illustrious house to which this prelate belonged, was
marked by a more than ordinary degree of misfortune. Edward de Stafford,
third Duke of Buckingham, grand-nephew of the archbishop, was, through
the machinations of Wolsey, whom he had offended, accused of contemplating
the assassination of King Henry YIII., in order that he might ascend the
throne himself, as next heir, if his Majesty died without issue. He was
found guilty and decapitated May 17, 1521, when all his honours and lands
became forfeited to the crown. He left an only son, Henry, who was restored
in blood and created a baron. A small part of his father's estates, producing
only £317. 13«. \d. per' annum, was also restored. He married Ursula,
daughter of Sir Richard Pole, K.G., by Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of
Salisbury, daughter of George Duke of Clarence, and niece of Edward IV,
and Richard IIL, by whom he had issue two sons : Edward^ whose grandson
Edward, fourth baron, died unmarried in 1637 ; and Bichard, who married
the daughter of John Corbet, and had issue a daughter, Jane, and a son,
Roger Stafford, bom at Malpas, in Cheshire, about the year 1572. *^This
unfortunate man," says Banks, ^< in his youth went by the name of Fludd or
floyde, for what reason has not yet been explained; perhaps with the indignant
pride that the very name of Stafford should not be associated with the obscurity
of such a lotl" At the age of sixty-five he became, by the early death of
Henry Lord Stafford (the great-grandson of his father's elder brother) in 1637,
heir male of the family, and petitioned Parliament accordingly ; buteventually
submitted his claim to the decision of King Charles, who decided '' that the
said Bjoger Stafford^ having no part of the if^eritance of tie said Lord Stafford,
nor any other lands or means loliatsoever, should make a resignation of all
claims and title to the said barony of Stafford, for his Majesty to dispose
of as he should see fit. In obedience to which said order, the said Roger
Stafford, who was never married, did by his deed enrolled, dated Dec. 7,
1639, grant and surrender unto his Majesty the said barony of Stafford,
and the honor, name, and dignity of Lord Stafford. After which surrender,
the King, by patent, dated September 12, 1640, created Sir William Howard
and MarjT Stafford his wife. Baron and Baroness Stafford, with remainder to
the heirs male of their bodies, failure of which to the heirs of their bodies^
with such place or precedence as Henry Lord Stafford, brother of the said
Mary, ought to have had as Baron Stafford. With this unfortunate Roger,
who died in 1 640, the male line of the Staffords became extinct. His sister.

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84 UISTOBY OF LAMBETH..

chevron Gules, a mitre Or, mthtn a hordure engr ailed. Sable, for
difference.

66. John Kempe. 1452 ; translated from York. He was
a native of Wye, in Kent, where he founded a college of secular
priests. He died March 21, 1454, and was buried in Canter-
bury Cathedral. Arms : Gules, three garbs. Or, a hordure
engrailed of the last.

67. Thomas Bourchier. 1455 ; translated from Ely. He
was the son of William Earl of Eue and the Countess of
Suffolk, and one of the first promoters of the introduction of
printing into this country. He died March 29, 1486, and
was buried in Canterbury Cathedral. Arms \, Argent, a cross
engrailed, Gules, between four water-bougets. Sable, quartered
with Gules, billettee, afess, Or.

68. John Morton. 1486 ; translated from Ely. A learned
and amiable prelate, and in much favour with Henry VIII.
He died Sept. 15, 1500, and was buried in Canterbury
Cathedral. Arms : Quarterly, Gules and Ermine ; a goafs
head, erased, in the first and fourth quarter.

69 Henry Beane or Deny. 1501 ; translated from Salis-
bury. He was successively Chancellor of the Order of the
Garter, Chief Justiciary of Ireland, and Lord Chancellor of
England. He died Feb. 15, 1508, and was buried in Can-
terbury Cathedral. Arms : Argent, on a chevron. Gules, three
pastoral staves. Or, between three choughs, proper.

70. William Warham. 1504. He was a native of Oakeley,
Hampshire. He was educated first at Winchester, and after-
wards at Oxford. In the university he was so highly dis-
tinguished, that at an early age, in 1488, he was appointed
to the superintendence of the Civil Law School. Having
acquitted himself highly to the satisfaction of King Henry the
Seventh in an embassy to the Duke of Burgundy, who was
supposed (erroneously) to be a protector of Perkin Warbeck,
he was, on his return in 1493, appointed Chancellor of Wells,
and soon afterwards Master of the Rolls. In 1502 he was
made Keeper of the Great Seal, then Chancellor; in 1503 he

Jane Stafford, married a joiner^ and had a son, a cobbler, living at Newport,
in Shropsliire, in 1637. Thus the great-great-grandson of Margaret Plan-
tagenet, daughter and heiress of Greorge Duke of Clarence, sunk to the grade
of a mender of old shoes I " — Fide Burke's Extinct and Dormant Peerage.

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^-•*^:^iii?^ - ^. .;•: > .u.-^t).'

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^*»M»

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y

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®t

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 86

was raised to the see of London ; and the year following was
enthroned Arckbishop of Canterbury. At this period (1515)
Wolsey, recently promoted to the archbishopric of York, and
who had obtained a cardinal's hat, had grown more vain, proud,
and inaperious than ever. He never stirred without a prince's
retinue, and is said byCavendish (one of his gentlemen ushers)
to have kept 800 servants, among whom were nine or ten lords,
fifteen knights, and forty squires. The cardinal's hat was
borne by some principal person before him on a great height.
He had, moreover, a serjeant-at-arms and mace, and two gen-
tlemen carrying two pillars of silver, besides his cross-bearer.
In a word, he devised all sorts of ways to distinguish himself.
Every one took great offence at his pride; but so great a
favourite was Wolsey with the King, that no one dared open
his mouth to his Majesty to complain. The Archbishop of
Canterbury was no less offended than the rest, to see the
Archbishop of York affect so great a distinction. But what
gave him most offence was to see the cross of York carried
before the cardinal, though he was in the province of Can-
terbury. Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was of a
peaceable temper, desired the King's leave to resign the chan-
cellorship, and retire to his palace. His request was granted,
and immediately the King gave the seals to Cardinal Wolsey.
In addition to this, the King loaded him with prebends and
wardships, besides the bishoprics of Bath and Wells and Here-
ford, which he had in farm upon easy terms, the latter being held
by Italians residing at Rome— by Adrian de Cornetor, Silvester
Giggles, &c. It may not be uninteresting in this place to
present our readers with a view of the first church of which
Wolsey was rector. Whilst at Oxford he had committed to
him the education of the Marquis of Dorset's three sons, and
performed his duties so much to his lordship's satisfaction
that he presented him to the rectory of Limington,^ Somerset-
shire, Oct. 18,1 500. The accompanying engravings represent
the church and several monuments therein. Arms : ff., afesB
0., in chief a goafs head erasedy in base three escallops^ two
and one, A.

1 See Memoriah of the Manor and Rectory of lAmingtony contributed to ike
Proceedings of the Somersetshire Jrchaological and Natural History Society ,
by John Tanswell, Esq., to which the cuts of Limington Church and monu-
ments served as illustrations.

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86 BISTORT or LAMBETH.

71» Tiotas Cranmer. 15918; translated from London.
** Thomas L ranmer may be considered one of the most dis-
tinguished men that Cambridge ever produced, and the most
eminent prelate that ever filled the see of Canterbury. He
was bom July 2, 1489, at Arliston, in Nottinghamshire. His
high reputation obtained for him, when a young man, a fellow-
ship in Jesus College, at the above-mentioned university, from
which Cardinal Wolsey in vain attempted to remove lum, by
the offer of a fellowship in his ovm newly founded College
of Christ Church, Oxford. In 1523, he took the degree of
Doctor of Divinity, and received the appointment of theolo-
gical lecturer and examiner — a station which he filled with
equal honour to himself and benefit to the public. The very
decided part which he took in favour of the divorce between
Queen Catherine and Henry VIIL, induced the monarch to
nominate him archbishop ; and the opinion of the legality of
the divorce which he had so successfully maintained in this
country, he was ordered by his sovereign to support in France,
in Germany, and in Italy. Early in life he had married, but
speedily lost his wife ; and in this, his continental tour, he
espoused a second one at Nuremberg. On his return to this
country in 1538, he was raised to the see of Canterbury, in
which situation he pronounced the divorce between Queen
Catherine and Henry, and ratified his marriage with. Anne
fioleyn. He obtained his archbishopric directly from the
King without '*he intervention of the Pope, whose power hi
abohshed in t .e rea^' ^^ showing himself the most decked
friend to the i rms' 'He obteri ^ed the dissolution of the
monasteries, ai. icauir m he script&o ri.to be translated into
English, and circuiktec. and 'gh the kiv/ Jom. He subsequently
pronounced a divorce I ien HemyAjad Anne Boleyn, a step
for which he has been ^ ttly censui'ed) but which so ingra-
tiated him into the favomuof Henry, that no intrigue or cabal
against him could shake the monarch's attachment. He was
eventually appointed by the monarch one of the executors^f
his will, and one of the regents of the^ kingdom. Upon thV
demise of Henry, the young King Edwvd VI. was crovmea
by Cranmer ; and during this reign he took a m6sractn;e part
in composing the Liturgy of the English Church — a service
unrivalled in simplicity and elegance, and ia drawing up the I

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HISTORY OF LAHBBTH. 87

Thirty-nine Articles. His zeal in the cause of the Reformed
religion frequently led him into acts of severity tiSWards those
whose opinions differed from his own, from which even the
spirit of the times, and the barbarous inhumanity exercised
upon the Protestants abroad, is neither an excuse nor apology.
We must censure the errors of the man, even when the motives
which occasioned them are entitled to respect. Edward Vl.
having been prematurely hurried to a better world, Cranmer
espoused the cause of Lady Jane Grey : Mary triumphed, and
the ruin of the archbishop speedily followed. He was tried
on a charge of treason ; convicted ; pardoned : then tried for
heresy, and condemned. Though unmoved by the cruelty of
Bonner towards him, the prospect of death overcame his reso-
lution ; he recanted the opinions he had hitherto maintained
so firmly, in the hope of prolonging what would have been
then but a despicable existence. His recantation availed him
not, and on Feb. 24, 1556, Cranmer was sentenced to the
stake. On March 24 following, this sentence was put into
execution ; but previously, in St. Mary's Church, Oxford, avail-
ing himself of the opportunity afforded by the request of Dr.
Cole, the Provost of Eton, that he would avow his religious
sentin\gnt8, he declared his utter abhorrence of the Popish
tenets, and his firm belief in the truths of the Gospel, as well
as his heartfelt sorrow for having so far fiEillen from the faith
of Christ as to have verbally renounced the doctrines he held.
■ So unexpected a declaration exasperated to.the highest pitch
the rage of his auditors ; he was " rried soflthe stake, and
the flame kindled wit^ ut any de itpi BH' icfsolution at this
moment was undau' J : with t^i^Q^ ost 'j.«mly fortitude he
held forth the hand hich had^erek d ti^e recantation, con-
signing it first to d( jfruction. «|,t fown dissolution speedily
followed, and he diedrrepeating grwords of the protomartyr
Stephen, * Lord Jesus, receive r y spirit.' The worst trail
in Cranmer's character has been already noticed: into his
recantation he was betrayed by the weakness of humanity ;
i>^ ^, and the undaunted resolution he displayed at the last, fully
d ^ atones for a step which occasions pity and regret, rather than
lit indicant astoinrittnent. The benefits which the Church of
ice E%land has received from this prelate have rendered her the
k most splendid monument to his memory. Pre-eminent as this

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88 HISTORY OP LAIIBETH.

dburch has been for learning and piety, few, if any, of her
members have rivalled, none have surpassed, Thomas Cranmer ;
and it is much to be doubted if the Christian world itself ever
saw many greater characters."^ Arms : Argent^ on a chevron^
Azure ^ three cinque/oils, Or, between three cranes Sable; but
King Henry VIIL changed the cranes to pelicans vulneratingf
their breasts.

72. Reginald Pole. 1665 ; translated from London. He
was the fourth son of Sir Richard Pole, K.G., by his wife Mar-
garet Plantagenet, daughter of George Duke of Clarence. He
was educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxon, and obtained
the deanery of Exeter by the gift of Henry VHI. He was
abroad at the period when the King abolished the Papal autho-
rity in England, and, not attending when summoned to return,
was proclaimed a traitor and divested of his deanery. In 1 586,
he was made a cardinal, and as Cardinal Pole presided (one
of three presidents) at the Council of Trent. When Queen
Mary ascended the throne he returned to England as legate
from Pope Julius IIl.^ and had his attainder reversed by
special act of ParUament. Few churchmen have borne so
unblemished a reputation as this eminent prelate, and few have
carried themselves with such moderation and meekness. He
died Nov. 17, 1558, being the veiy day on which Queen Mary
herself died. The tidings of that event are said to have broken
the cardinal's heart, being at the time much weakened by a
quartan ague. He was buried in Canterbury Cathedral. The
friendship of such a man refutes in itself much of the obloquy
which has been cast upon Queen Mary by the eulogists of
Elizabeth, and goes far in the redemption of her character.
Arms : Per palcy Sable )sind Qr^ a saltire, engraUedy counter-
changed.

73. Matthew Parker, 1559; translated from London.
He was a native of Norwich, and received his education at

' Lambeth and the Fatican, vol. ii. p. 173.

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HISTORY OF LAMBBTH. 89

St. Benet's College, Cambridge. He encouraged learning, and
himself published Matthew Farisy Matthew Westminster, and
j4wer MeneveniB. He died May 15, 1575, and was buried in
the chapel of Lambeth Palace. Arms : Gules, on a chevron.
Argent, three mullets of the first between /our keys of the second.

^^it^ye - ^y^eyu^if^

?

74. Edmund GrindaU. 1575 ; translated from York. He
was bom at Bees, in Cumberland, and was educated at Pem-
broke Hall, Cambridge. He was a grave, mild, and charitable
man. He died July 6, 1583, and was buried in Croydon
Church. In the register of Croydon is the following entry : —
"Edmunde GrindaU, L. Archbishop of Canterburie, deceased
the vj day of Julye, and was buried the fyrste daye of Auguste,
anno domini 1583, and anno regni Elizabethae 25.'' Arms
(granted to him by Dethic, Garter King-at-Arms): Quarterly,
Or and Azure, a cross, Or and Ermine.

75. John Whitgift. 1583; translated from Worcester.
He was a native of Great Grimsby, Lincolnshire, and received
his education at Peter House, Cambridge. He died Feb. 29,
1603, and was buried in Croydon Church In the Croydon
register his decease is thus entered : — " Jn. Whitgifte, Arch-
bishop of Canterburie, deceased at Lambith on Wednesday, at
viiij of the clocke in the eveninge, beinge the laste day of
February, and was brought the day following in the eveninge
to Croydon, and was buried the mominge foUowinge, by two
of the clocke, in the chapelle, where his pore people doe usuallie
sitte; his flFunerall was kepte at Croydon the xxvij day of
Marche foUowinge, anno dni 1604, anno regni dni Regis
Jacobi Secundo." Arms : Argent on a cross fleury, at the ends
Sable, four bezants.

76. Bichard Bancroft. 1604 ; translated from London.
He was the son of John Bancroft, gent., of Famworth, county of
Lincoln, by Mary, daughter of Mr. John Curwyn, and brother
of Dr. Hugh Curwyn, Archbishop of Dublin. He was a rigid
discipUnarian, a learned controversialist, and a vigilant governor
of the Church. He died Nov. 2, 1610, and was buried in

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90 618T0RY OF LAMBETH.

Lambeth Church. Arms (assigned to him in November, 1604,
by Mr. Camden, Clarencieux): Or, on a bend between star
cross crosslets Azure y three garbs of the field.

77. George Abbot 1611 ; translated from London. A
prelate of much learning, and a good orator. He was a native
of Guildford, Surrey, and educated at Baliol College, Oxon.
He resided much at Croydon Palace, where he died Aug. 5,
1633. In 1617, " This archbishop being at Croydon the day
the Book of Sports was ordered to be read in the churches, he
flatly forbid it to be read there ; which King James was pleased
to wink at, notwithstanding the daily endeavours that were
used to irritate the Eang against him. His funerall was with
great solemnity kept in the church here, upon the third day of
September following, and the next day his corpse was con-
vaide to Guilford, and there buryed according to his will/'
Arms : Gules^ a chevron^ between three pears stalked^ Or.

78. WiUiam Laud. 1633 ; translated from London. A
bold prelate. He was bom at Reading, Berks, and received
his education at St. John's College, Oxford.^ On Monday,
Aug. 11, 1635, the following entry was made by this prelate
in his diary : — " One Robert Scale, of St. Alban's, came to me
at Croydon, and told me somewhat wildly about a vision he had
at Shrovetide last, about not preaching the word sincerely to the
people ; and a hand appeared unto him, and death, and a voice
bid him go tell it the metropolitan of Lambeth, and made him
swear he would do so ; and I believe the poor man was over-
grown with fancy; so troubled myself no further with him or it.'*
And further he adds : '' And again this same witness, who ap-
pears to have been employed by the primate on the windows
both of Croydon and Lambeth palaces, affirmed, that he found
a picture of God the Father in a window at Croydon, and
Archbishop Cranmer's arms under it, and that he pulled it

^ Archbishop Laud, the smaUness of whose stature but too truly represented
the littleness t)f his mind, and whose cold, repulsive authority, perhaps we
may add, whose unchristian qualities, had drawn upon his head the hatred of
the English nation at large, and rendered him particularly obnoxious to the
retainers at the court, and attendants about the palace of Charles I. At a
dinner among the domestics, the fool of that monarch was called upon for
grace ; whereupon, raising his eyes with much apparent devotion to heaven,
he said, " Give great praise to God, but little Laud to the devil." This speech
is said to have occasioned its author a long imprisonment, if not life itself.

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 91

down ; evidence which called from Laud the remark, that it
had been placed there during the primacy of so zealous a
prelate as Cranmer was well known to be, and that it had
been removed in the days of him against whom it was now
advanced, in support of his alleged inclination to Poper}\" He
was beheaded by the Parliamentarians, Jan. 11, 1644, and was
buried in the Church of Allhallows Barking, London. Arms :
Sable^ on a chevron^ Or^ between three stars of six points as
many crosses pattee fitchee^ Gules. (The see vacant during
sixteen years and nine months.)

79. William Juwon. 1660 ; translated from London. A
native of Chichester, Sussex, and educated at the Merchant
Tailors^ School; thence removed to Oxford, where he was
fellow of St. John's College. He died June 14, 1663, in the
eighty-first year of his age, and was buried in St. John's
College, Oxford. Arms : Or, a cross. Gules, between four
blackamoors heads, coupedat the shoulders, proper.

'^■. Ca*t-.

80. Gilbert Sheldon. 1663; translated from London. A
prelate of great wisdom and integrity, and of a generous dis-
position. He was bom at Stanton, in Staffordshire, and edu-
cated at All Souls' College, Oxon.^ He died Nov. 9, 1676,
and was buried in Croydon Church, where there is a handsome
monument to his memoiy. Arms : Argent, on a chevron Gules^
three mvllets of the first on a canton Gules, a rose Or.

81. William Bancroft. 1678 ; translated from London.
He was bom at Fresingfield, county of Suffolk, and was edu-

^ Every one knows what pains have been taken by physicians and patients
to get rid of that genteel complaint, the gout ; but every one may not know
that Archbishop Sheldon not only wished for it, but proffered £1000 to any
person who would help him to it ; looking upon it as the only remedy for the
distemper in his head.

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92 HISTORY OF LAMBBTH.

cated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. Not complying with
the Revolution he resigned the archbishopric Feb. 1, 1690 ;
and dying Nov. 24, 1693, was buried in Rresingfield Church.
Arms : Argent^ on a chevron, Chiles, three doves of the field
between three crosses formee of the second.

82. John Tillotson. 1691 ; translated from London. He
was a native of Sowerby, in Yorkshire, and educated at Clare
Hall, Cambridge. In 1685, Doctor Tillotson avowed him-
self a warm advocate for affording relief to the French re-
fugees. On the repeal of the Edict of Nantes, Dr. Beveridge,
the prebendary of Canterbury, having objected to reading a
brief for this purpose, as contrary to the rubric, the archbishop
observed to him roughly, " Doctor, doctor, charity is above
all rubrics." While this truly great man was in a private
station he always laid aside two tenths of his income for
charitable uses ; and after his elevation to the mitre, he so
constantly expended all that he could spare of his yearly
revenues in acts of beneficence, that the only legacy he was
able to leave to his family, consisted of two volumes of sermons,
the value of which, however, was such, that the copyright of
them brought no less a sum than £2500. He died Nov. 22,
1694, and was buried in the Church of St. Lawrence Jewry,
London. Arms : Azure, a bend cotized, between two garbs, Or,

j^. fyi

f-.

83. Thomas Tenison, 1695; translated from Lincoln. He
was the son of the Rev. John Tenison, B.D., rector of Mauds-
ley, county of Norfolk, by Mary, daughter of Thomas Dawson,
Esq., of Cottenham, Cambridgeshire, at which latter place he
was born Sept. 29, 1636. He was of Bene't College, Cam-
bridge, and died Dec. 14, 1715, when he was buried in Lam-
beth Church. Arms : Chiles, a bend Azure, engrailed and voided
Argent, between three lions heads,pierced by fleurs-de-lys.

84. William Wake. 1715; translated from Lincoln. A
native of Blandford, county of Dorset, and educated at Christ

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 93

Church College, Cambridge. He was of a pacific and bene-
volent spirit, and is said to have expended £11,000 in the
repairs of Lambeth and Croydon palaces. He died Jan. 24,
1737, and was interred in Croydon Church. Arms \ Ot^ a
trefoily slipt, Sable, between two bars. Gules, in chief three
torteauds,

85. John Potter. 1737 ; translated from Oxford. This
prelate, who was distinguished for his piety and learning, was
bom at Wakefield, in Yorkshire, and received his education
at University College, Oxford. He died Oct. 10, 1747, and his
remains are deposited in Croydon Church, with a neat white
marble tablet above. The inscription is as follows : — " Beneath
are deposited the remains of the most reverend Jno. Potter,
D.D., Archbishop of Canterbury, who died October x.mdccxlvii,
in the lxxiv year of his age." Arms : Sable, a fess between
three cinquefoih. Argent.

86. Thomas Herring. 1747 ; translated from York. He
was a native of Walsoken, county of Norfolk, and educated at
Jesus College, Cambridge. He had great natural abilities,
which he seduously cultivated. He died March 13, 1757,
and was buried in Croydon Church. Arms : Azure, semee of
crosslets, sios herrings, three, two, and one.

87. Matthew Button. 1757 ; translated from York. He
was educated at Jesus College and Christ College, Cambridge,
and was a direct lineal descendant from Dr. Matthew Hutton,
Archbishop of York in Queen Elizabeth's reign. He died
Mar. 19, 1758, and was buried in Lambeth Church. Arms :
Crules, on afess, Or, afieur-de-lys between three cushions. Ermine,
tasselled of the second.

88. Thomas Seeker. 1758 ; translated fi-om Oxford. A
native of Sibthorpe, Nottinghamshire, where he was bom in
1693, and of Exeter College, Oxon. He was of a generous
and charitable disposition. He died Aug. 3, 1768, and was
buried in Lambeth Church. Arms : Gules, a bend, engrailed
between two bulls* heads erased. Or.

89. Frederick Cornwallis. 1768; translated fi:om Lichfield.
He was the seventh son of Charles, fourth Baron Cornwallis,
and was educated at Eton, and subsequently at Christ College,
Cambridge. He was a man of good solid sense and under-
standing, and possessed a right discernment of men and things.

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94 HISTORY Of LAMBETH.

much prudence, moderation, benevolence, combined with affa-
bility, candour, and hospitaJity. He died March 19, 1783,
and was buried in Lambeth Church. Arms : Sable, puttee
d'eau; an afeaa. Argent, three Comiak choughs proper, a rase
for difference.

90. John Moore. 1783 ; translated from Bangor. He was
a native of Gloucester, and educated at Christ's College, Oxford.
In the early part of his life he was curate of Brackley, in
Northamptonshire, where at that time resided a plumber of
the name of Watts, who, having a comfortable independence,
kept an open table every market-day for the neighbouring
gentlemen and clergy. Among his guests on such occasions
was Mr. Moore ; who, ceasing to be frequent in his visits,
Mr. Watts inquired the cause ; the reply was, " Mr. Watts, I
am at this time ten pounds in your debt, which I am unable
to pay, and I feel a little delicacy in intruding myself on your
hospitable table." Mr. Watts begged that he would not
give it a thought, but come as usual ; adding, that he had
twenty pounds more at his (Mr. Moore's) service. In the
course of their lives, Mr. Watts fell into decay, and the poor
curate became Archbishop of Canterbury. In this elevated
rank he did not forget his humble friend, but made his latter
days comfortable ; and after his death, settled an annuity on
his widow, who died at the advanced age of ninety-seven, up
to which time the annuity was regularly paid by his grace's
family. He died at Lambeth Palace, Jan. 18, 1805, aged
seventy-four, and was buried in Lambeth Church. Arms :
Argent, on a chevron Sable, two swords, their hilts Or, the blades
Argent, their points crossing each other upwards, between three
moors* heads, couped at the neck, proper.

91. Charles Manners Sutton. 1805 ; translated from Nor-
wich. He was the fourth son of Lord George Manners Sutton,
son of the third Duke of Rutland ; and was bom on Feb. 17,
1755. He married April 8, 1778, Mary, daughter of Thomas
Thoroton, Esq., of Scriveton, Nottinghamshire. His eldest
son, Charles, having filled the chair as Speaker of the House
of Commons, from 1817 to 1834, was raised to the peerage
in 1835, as Viscount Canterbury. His grace died in 1828.
Arms : Quarterly, first and fourth. A., a canton S., second and}

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HISTORY OF LAMBBTH. 95

third, 0., two bars Az.y a chief quarterly of the last, charged
toith tv)ofleur8-de4y8y 0., and G., a lion of England.

92. WiUiam Hovdeyy D.D. 1828. He was bom in 1765,
at the village of Alresford, six miles from Winchester. His
father was the Rev. WilUam Howley, D.D., vicar of Bishop's
Sutton and Ropley, in the county of Southampton. He was
educated at Winchester, under Dr. Joseph Warton ; whence
he proceeded in 1788 to New College, Oxford ; and after re-
maining for two years a scholar on the Wykeham foundation,
he was elected to a fellowship. He took his degree of Bachelor
of Arts in 1787, and that of Master of Arts in 1791. Within
three years from that date, he was chosen a fellow of Win-
chester College; and in 1804, appointed a canon of Christ
Church. In the course of the next year he took the degree
of B.D., and subsequently that of D.D. ; and in 1809, on the
advancement of Dr. Hall to the deanery of Christ Church,
Dr. Howley succeeded him as Regius Professor of Divinity.
Dr. Howley gained so good a reputation in the discharge of
the duties of his professorship, that on the death of the Bishop
of London, in 1813, he was at once elevated to that see : this
being the first instance since the Revolution, of the see of
London being conferred on any other than a consecrated
bishop. In 1828, on the death of Archbishop Sutton, Dr.
Howley was elevated to the see of Canterbury. His grace
was a fellow of the Royal Society, a fellow of the Society of
Antiquaries, and a member of the Royal Society of Literature,
and a privy councillor from 1813 to his decease. Before he
became Bishop of London, Dr. Howley married Mary Frances,
eldest daughter of John Belli, Esq., of Southampton, by whom
he had issue two sons and three daughters. One of his sons
was for some time an oflBcer in the Guards, but died of con-
sumption at the age of twenty ; the other son only reached the
age of twelve years. His eldest daughter was married in 1825,
to Sir George Beaumont, Bart., and died ten years after her
marriage. Another of his daughters was maPied to a Mr.
Wright, and a third to a gentleman named Kingsmill. His
Grace died on Friday, Feb. 11, 1848,rwithin a day of com-
pleting his eighty-second year. Arms : Az., an eagle displayed
Ermine, on his breast a cross patonce of the f eld.

93. John Bird Sumner, D.D. 1848. His grace, who is

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96 BISTORT OF LAMBETH.

brother to the Bishop of Winchester, is the eldest son of the
Rev. Robert Sumner, and grandson of Dr. John Sunmer, Pro-
vost of King's College, Cambridge. He was bom in 1780 ;
and married, in 1823, the daughter of Captain George
Robinson, R.N., who died in 1829. He was educated at
King's College, Cambridge ; obtained the prize for the best
Latin ode in 1800 ; was appointed in 1821, canon of Dur-
ham; was consecrated Bishop of Chester in 1828, and
translated to this see in 1848. He is author of a work on the
Evidences of Christianity, a treatise on the Records of the
Creation (which obtained the second Burnet prize in 1814),
an essay on Apostolical Preaching, and several volumes of
sermons on the Epistles, Gospels, and Acts of the Apostles ;
on Christian Charity, on Faith, on the Festivals, &c. ; he has
also published several of his charges. Arms : Ermine^ two
chevronels, Gtde8,

The coat of arms borne by the Archbishops of Canterbury,
as belonging to the archiepiscopal see, is : — Azure^ an episcopal
staff in pale, Or; ensiffned mth a cross pattee. Ardent; sur-
mounted by a pall of the last, edyed and /ringed of the second^
charged with four crosses formee^fitchee. Sable.

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Digitized by VjOOQ IC

ST. MABY*S, LAMBETH,
As Restored.

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%\t €l^ttl^t%.

IHE custom of consecrating buildings intended to
be used for divine offices, and of naming them
after some particular saint or personage, is of
very ancient origin. It was observed among the
Romans and Britons, and continued by the Anglo-
Saxons.^ In the council held at Chelsea in the year 816, the
name of the denominating saint vras expressly required to be
inscribed on the altar, on the walls of the church, or on a
tablet within it.^

Lambeth Parish Church is dedicated to the Virgin Mary ;
it is situate near the water-side, and adjoins the palace.

In Doomsday Book a church is mentioned as being situate
in Lambeth, and it is again mentioned in the time of William
Rufus, in the Textm Boffense. The whole of the building,
with the exception of the tower, was pulled down and rebuilt
in 1851. Sufficient of the original fabric of the church has
been preserved to enable us to assign the latter end of the
fourteenth century as the date of its foundation. The later
character of the details of the chapels on the north and south
sides of the chancel lead to the conclusion that the church,
when first erected, consisted of nave, chancel, and tower only.

1 Dr. Whittaker*8 History of WhaUey, p. 96.

^ Spelman, Cone,

7

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98 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

and that these chapels, which are the property of the Howard
and Leigh families respectively, were added* at a subsequent
period.

Beyond these additions, no innovation has been made upon
the original plan, although extensive repairs and alterations
were made in 1769, and again in 1844. On each of these
occasions the architectural features of the church suffered so
severely by injudicious treatment, and the almost total igno-
rance of ecclesiastical art that characterized the times, that in
1850 little or nothing beyond a few traceried windows, and
the arcades in the nave, was left of the ancient detail. The
open timber roofs had disappeared to make room for flat ceil-
ings, a lath-and-plaster substitute occupied the position of the
chancel arch, and sash windows filled the openings of the
walls. In addition to these injuries all internal effect was
lost by the way in which the nave and aisles were blocked up
by square pews, as inconvenient as they were unsightly

In July, 1850, the churchwardens having determined that
this church should no longer want the restoration it so well
deserved, apphcation was made to Philip C. Hardwick, Esq.,
for plans, and designs were supplied by him which were not
confined to repairs of the existing work, but embraced a com-
prehensive restoration of the whole church. Care was taken
that the outline of the original foundations should be preserved,
and whenever possible the ancient detail was reproduced.
These designs were approved by the vestry, and afterwards
sanctioned by the Bishop of Winchester and the Church Build-
ing Society. The work was commenced on the 7 th of January,
1851, and completed in little more than a year; and the church
assumed its present form, consisting of a nave, north and south
aisles, and porch, chancel, and chapels, the fine western tower
remaining without alteration. The arcades in the nave have
been carefully restored, and the walling above them has been
carried up to the original height and pierced with clerestory
lights, the whole being surmounted by an open timber roof
divided into seven bays by arched trusses, which are brought
down on the ancient corbels by bracketed wall -pieces. The
chancel is divided from the nave, and the Howard and Leigh
chapels from the chancel, by three lofty and well-moulded
arches. The east window is divided into three major, . and

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 99

again into five minor, compartments, by two principal and
two secondary monials. Each of these, together with the head,
which is filled with foliated tracery, is furnished with stained
glass. At the foot is inscribed : —

In . i)onorem . ©et . rt in memoriam . ffiuUelmi
f&otoleg, per ♦ xix. annog . ardjiep* dCantuar*

The chancel is covered with a coved oak ceiling, divided into
panels by moulded ribs brought down on a carved and em-
battled cornice.^ The pulpit, which was presented by the Eev.
G. C. Rowden, LL.D., is placed on the north side of the chan-
cel arch, and is constructed of oak with third pointed detail.
The aisle roofs are of open timber, of simple construction, with-
out principals, and are carried on over the chancel chapels.
The font, which was presented by J. Forbes Yoimg, Esq.,
M.D., placed at the south-west corner of the nave, is octa-
gonal in form, supported on a diapered base, the panels being
filled in with carvings of the evangelistic symbols, and pas-
sages from our Lord's ministry. The west end of the church
is lighted by a large circular window fitted with geometrical
traceiy, the organ being placed immediately beneath.

Memorial stained glass windows have been presented by
Mrs. D'Oyly, Mrs. Swabey, Mrs. C. J. Wood, FeUx Knyvett,
Esq., Mrs. Browne, and R. C. Barton, Esq., and family. They
contain the following inscriptions : —

D'Otly.

Jn. memortam* ffieorgii. ©'©gig* <S*?i;^^*

Jtancisci . ffieorgii . ^tnxiti . Slrturi .

Conjugts . et ♦ iLilierorum . (auatuor .

iHaria^JFrancesca . biiua ♦ mUcccUi^

SWABEY.

<Stepl)anu0 . .Stoafteg . 9. ja* per . x&i. am.

IE. €lmtis . iiujug . lEccleaia^

©b. a. &. mbcccxlix* 9et* xcii.

In . memoriam ♦ Caroletta . btiua.

^ The oak seats in the chancel were presented by the Rev. Charles Browne
Dalton, then rector.

4 .H) i) . ♦^ Digitized by GoOglC

100 history of lambbth.

Wood.

Cavoltuf * Sacofras . WUtati « ^,fSi,

ei. 9* &. vibttth 9et« idiii,
in , tnemoviam * biri * inttsfttimi «

Kktvbtt.

^atianna . S. £. Stngbett « in . (S^issta «
e&tiovmtbit . xi>ii« ^otr. mlicccxlfjiii. ^et. fiiit

Brownb.

Sn « ntetnoriam * (Eulielmi . Brolnne .

$. C uxor . superstes ,
©6itt« a. S» nOiwcl, Set* Ixxbitt

Barton.

iri ^r« 9* 5. mUcccxljii ^etatis

Ixxjii o&tit SoiiatmejS Barton

^pttli HorlDooli sejiultujs

Sn memoriam $atri0 Carissitni

^onentittm curabit ZoMia ^ietas.

In Leigh's Chapel is a beautiful stain^ glass window of
three lights, representing St. Barnabas, StTMatthew, and St.
Stephen. At the foot is inscribed : —

tS54 fSL. ^, as. gafie . tIjUs . tointiolD . to . ^eS|to > ^'
(Soli . in . gratitutie . for « restoreti « f)ealt|| . anb 7a9l|
toiten* of* resyiect* for. ^er. frienU. anli , pastor*
. CfiarleiS.Brotone* Balton. i&ector«

The fellow window, in Howard Chapel, is of beautiful^
stained glass, and contains the following inscription on
label:—

]9ono tietrit StibarlntiS (Srobe
a.©. nOJWclj.

The church was reopened on Tuesday, February 3, 1852,
by the Bishop of Winchester. At that time there was a defi-

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 101

ciency in the funds of nearly £2000, which the churchwardens
proposed to liquidate by a voluntary rate. Their proposal was
responded to in the most liberal manner by the parishioners,
and that, with certain collections, supplied the whole sum
required.

There have been various opinions as to the precise age of
the old edifice. Ducarel considered it to have been buflt in
the room of the old church, in the pontificates of Arundell and
Chicheley, and the windows at the east end, with the stone
tower, in the time of Edward IV. (1461-1483) ; but Mr.
Denne (whose father was rector here) remarked that the nave
of Canterbury Cathedral and that of the Collegiate Church of
Maidstone, both built by Arundell, were so different in style
from this, where there was a want of embelUshment and ele*
gance, as to render it improbable that this church should have
been l3mlt by that prelate. He also considered it unlikely to
have been the work of Chicheley, archbishop from 1414 to
1443, because it was in a very dilapidated state before the
end of that century.

Dr. Denne (father of Mr. Denne) observed that there was
in his time (1731-1767) a royal. statue at the north-east
comer of the steeple, within the body of the church, over the
organ-loft, the head of which much resembled the portraits
given of Edward I.;^ and he thought this church might have
been erected by that King's fifth son, Thomas de Brotherton,
created Earl of Norfolk and hereditary Earl Marshal of
England, on the King giving him the whole estate of that
earldom (part of which was the ancient family seat of the
Earls of Norfolk at Lambeth), which had reverted to the crown
on the death of Roger le Bigod without issue, 35th Edward I.
1306. He added some reasons to surmise a still later erection
by one of the Mowbray family. Thomas de Brotherton
married, first, Alice, daughter of Sir Roger Halys, Knt., of
Harwich, by whom he had issue two daughters, Margaret
and Alice. Alice married Edward de Montacute, and had a
daughter Joan, who married William Uffbrd, Earl of Suffolk,
but died without issue. Margaret, the eldest daughter, was
created Duchess of Norfolk for life by King Richard II. on

^ This statue is believed to have been taken down on building the seats
for the charity children.

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102 HISTORY OF LAMBSTH.

the 29th September, 1 897. She espoused John Lord Segrave,
and had issue Anne, abbess of Barking ; and Elizabeth, who
married John, fourth Baron de Mowbray, and was mother of
Thomas de Mowbray, created, 29th September, 1396, Duke
of Norfolk.

To strengthen this conjecture, Dr. Deune adds that the
arms of Mowbray Duke of Norfolk (Gules, a lion rampant
Argent) within a garter (of which order he was made a knight
in 1396) were on painted glass in a window on the north side
of the church. The accuracy of this latter surmise is proved
by the registers of the Bishop of Winchester, by which it ap-
pears that the church was rebuilt in 1374 and 1377. In the
former of those years there was a commission to proceed
against such of the inhabitants of Lambeth as refused to con-
tribute to the rebuilding and repairs of the church ; and in
the latter of those years there was another commission to
compel the inhabitants to build a tower for the church, then
nearly re-edified, and to furnish it with bells.

There are extensive galleries on both sides of the church,
and also at the west end. The area is closely and uniformly
paved, and most of the walls are wainscotted.

In the old building, on the waU over the entrance to the
chancel, were placed the royal arms as borne by Queen Anne,
with the figures of Fame and Devotion, the one sounding a
trumpet, the other holding a flaming heart. These are now
placed at the west end of the north gallery.

At the restoration of the church, the old altar-piece, which
displays a good painting of Moses and Aaron supporting the
tables of the law, was removed, and is now placed against the
waU of the north gallery, near the stairs. The present altar-
piece is bi carved oak, enriched with gilding and arabesque
painting.

The old north and south aisles, according to the table of
benefactions, were built in or about the year 1605.

The west end of the church was rebuilt in 1523, at the
expense of Archbishop Warham and John Fox, LL D., Arch-
deacon of Winchester.

In 1615, the church was repaired and ornamented by
voluntary contributions, the north gallery built by Mr. Jeston,
and a new marble font, supported by octagonal pillars, the

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH* 103

sides alternately fluted, was given by Mr. Hart, in allosion to
whose name four hearts of lead were fixed within it.

In 1607, the chancel was wainscotted by Mr. Woodward,
and the seats in the church painted by voluntary subscriptions;
and in 1637, the communion plate was given by Mrs. Featley
and other voluntary contributors.

In 1681, the structure was so decayed as to require a new
roof over the middle aisle, and a reparation of the walls ; and
in this year the roof of the church was raised.

In 1705, the whole church was beautified and adorned with
wainscot, paintipg, carving, &c.

The south gallery was added and the church paved in 1708.

On the wall over an arch above the north gallery was
formerly inscribed : —

** The roofe of this middle isle was built and parte of the
walls repaired^ anno Bom. 1681. — William Jeanes, Henry
Hyett, Churchwardens^

Underneath the above, on the gallery : —

^^ A gallery was built in this place at the charge of Mr. Roger
JestoUy haberdasher^ of London^ and a parishioner of Lambeth^
anno 1615.

" The old gallery was taken down^ and a new one erected^ at
the charge of the parish, 1704. — George Pottinger, Tho.
Coleman, Fran. Cottrell, Churchwardens.*'

On the fi-ont of the south gallery : —

" Baphe Snowe, gent., after many other benefactions to this
church during his life, left £100 by will towards the building of
this gallery. The remaining part of the charge was defrayed
by voluntary contributions of the parishioners, and the gallery
finished, in the year 1708. — ^Tho. Adams, Ob. Fatrclough,
John Skinner, Churchwardens!*

On the front of the western gallery was formerly placed a
dial, dated 1735, containing the following inscriptions: —

" This gallery was built by the voluntary contributions of the
parishioners, anno 1699. — John Richins, Tho. Cooper, Sim.
Lemon, Churchwardens.**

^^ This Church was repaired and beautified, anno 1815. —
The Rev. William Vyse, LL.D., Rector. John Brooks,

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104 HISTORY OF LAMBBTH.

Stephen Keen, Walter Cosser, William Coward, Church-

The east end of the old north aisle was called Howard's
Chapel, havmg been built, in 1552, by Thomas Howard, Duke
of Norfolk (many of whose family are here interred); and that
of the south aisle, Leigh's Chapel, built iu the same year by
Sir John Leigh (son of Ralph Leigh, Esq., lord of the manor
of Stockwell), who, with his lady, is here buried.

At the bottom of the middle compartment of the south-east
window, is painted on a pane 24 inches by 16, the portrait of
a pedlar and his dog.

There is a tradition that the piece of land called Pedlar's
Acre,^ which has long been in the possession of the parish, was
bequeathed by this. man. At what time this memorial was
first put up there is no minute, but such a portrait certainly
existed in 1608, there being in the churchwardens' account
for that year an entry of " two shillings paid to the glazier
for a panel of glass for the window where the picture of the
Pedlar stands." The present " new glass Pedlar" was put up
in 1703, at the expense of £2, but was removed from where
it was then placed to its present locality, being much more
conspicuous.

In the tower, which is built of stone, is a peal of eight bells.
In 1678 there were only six; but in 1723 they were recaat
and made into eight, at a cost of nearly £250.

Paulinas, Bishop of Nola, is generally considered as the first
person who introduced bells into ecclesiastical service, about
the year 400 ; and we are told by an ancient historian (Vin-
cent, in Spec. Hist, lib. xxxiii. c. 9, apud Spel. Glos) that in
the year 610, Lupus, Bishop of Orleans, being at Sens, then
besieged by the army of Clothair II., frightened away the be-

^ This piece -of ground, containing by admeasurement one acre and seven-
teen poles, adjoins to the river, and is situate near the east end of the Surrey
abutment of Westminster Bridge. It first occurs as the possession of the
parish in 1604, when the rents arising from it were carried to the church-
wardens' accounts. It was then called the Church Hoppys or Hope (signify-
ing an isthmus or neck of land projecting into the river, or an endosed piece
of marsh land), which name it retained in 1623, when it was denominated
the Church Osiers, probably from its swampy situation. It was first called
Pedlar's Acre in a lease granted by Dr. Hooper, the rector, and the church-
wardens, dated August 6, 1690. It is now built over.

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 105

siegers by ringing the bells of St. Stephen's Church, which is

a clear proof that they were not at that time generally known

in France.

The first large bells are mentioned by Bede in the year 680;

before that period the early British Christians made use of

wooden rattles {pacra lignd) to call the congregation of the

faithful together.

According to Ingulphus (fol. 53) the first regular peal of

bells was put up in Croyland Abbey, by the famous Abbot

TurketuUus, who died about 870.

The following ceremonies were formerly used at the baptism

of bells : — 1, the bell must be first baptized before it may be

hung in the steeple ; 2, the bell must be baptized by a bishop
or his deputy ; 3, in the baptism of the bell there is used holy
water, oil, salt, cream, &c.; 4, the bell must have godfathers,
and they must be persons of high rank ; 5, the bell must be
washed by the hand of a bishop ; 6, the bell must be solemnly
crossed by the bishop ; 7, the bell must be anointed by the
bishop ; 8, the bell must be washed and anointed in the name
of the Trinity ; 9, at the baptism of the bell they pray literally
for the bell. The following is part of the curious prayers used
at the above ceremony : —

" Lord, grant that whatsoever this holy bell, thus washed
and baptized and blessed, shall sound, all deceits of Satan, all
danger of whirlwind, thunder, and lightning, and tempests, may
be driven away, and that devotion may increase in Christian
men when they hear it. O Lord, pour upon it thy heavenly
blessing, that when 'it sounds in thy people's ears they may
adore thee ; may their faith and devotion increase ; the devil
be afraid and tremble, and fly at the sound of it. O Lord,
sanction it by thy Holy Spirit, that the fiery darts of the devil
may be made to fly backwards at the sound thereof, that it
may deUver us from the danger of wind, thunder, &c., and
grant. Lord, that all that come to the church at the sound of
it may be free from all temptations of the devil."^

The dislike of evil spirits to bells is described by Wynken
de Worde, in the Golden Legend: —
'*It is said, the evil spirytes, that ben in the regon of

^ Pontificale Bomanum, Auctoritate Pontificias, lib. ii. cap. de Benedict.
Signi vel Gampanse. FenUiis, 1698.

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106 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

thayre, doubte moche when they here the belles rongen ; and
this is the cause why the bells ben rongen whan it thondreth,
and whan grete tempests and outrages of wether happen ; to
the ende, that the fiends and wyched spirytes should be
abashed and flee, and cease of the movynge of tempeste."

It was a common custom to put the following verses, or
similar ones, in the steeples of churches : —

Laudo Deum verum, plebem voco, congrego derum,
Defunctod ploro, pestem fago, festa decoro.

I praise the trae God, call the people, convene the clergy.
Lament the dead, dispel pestilence, and grace festivals.^

Dr. Fuller, in later times, confutes the power of bells : he
says, " they are no eflPectual charm against lightning. The
frequent firing of abbey churches by lightning confuteth the
proud motto commonly written on the bells in their steeples,
wherein each bell entitled itself to a sixfold efficacy, viz.: —

fMen'g Ueatfi I tell, 65 iollfull Itnell,
i^igfjtning ani Eijunier, I ftrealt asunier,
©n Sabftatlj all, to Cfiurcfj I call,
Cije sleeps fjeaU, I raise from heli,
Wfft toinis so fierce, I io Uisperse,
JJlen's cruel rage, I Uo assuage.^

Whereas it appears that abbey steeples, though quilted with
bells almost cap-a-pie, were not proof against the sword of
God's hghtning. Yea, generally, when the heavens in tem-
pests did strike fire, the steeples of abbeys proved often
their timber, whose frequent burnings portended their final
destruction.'"

Ever since the introduction. of bells, the English have been
distinguished for their proficiency in the art of ringing, and
for their partiality to this amusement.

Hentzner, who wrote at the end of the sixteenth cenl
says, " The English excel in dancing and music, for they ajl
active and lively;" and adds, "they are vastly fond of grel
noises that fill the air, such as firing of cannon, beating
drums, and the ringing of bells, so that it is common for |
number of them that have got a glass in their heads, to gj

1 Spelman's Gloss, v. Campana. * Church History, b. iv. c. 9.

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH, 107

up into some belfry and ring bells for hours together for the
sake of exercise.^ Hence this country has been called " the
ringing island."

The Lambeth bells contain the following inscriptions : —

First Bell. — "These eight bells and frames, and all appur-
tenances, were new made, and a considerable weight of metal
added to the old bells, a.d. 1723. The cost, near £250, was
defrayed by many gentlemen and other inhabitants of this
parish. Sit Deus propitius illis*'

Second Bell. — "R. Phelps made me, 1723."

Third Bell.—" Cast 1672, Boydell Cuper, William Phillips,
C. W. New made with the other bells, 1723.— N.B. There
is cast in this bell 24 King William's half-crowns."

Fourth Bell.— "R. Phelps, fecit, 1723.''

Fifth Bell.— "R. Phelps, fecit, 1723."

Sixth Bell.— "R. Phelps made me, 1723.— N.B. There
is cast in this bell six King William's crowns."

SeventhBell. — "Cast 1714. Edmund Gibson,D.D.,Rector.
Arthur Warner, John Pace, Peter Courthorpe, Churchwardens.
New made with the other bells, 1723. R. Phelps, fecit."

Eighth Bell. — ''Cast 1678. George Hooper,I).D., Rector.
Nicholas Wheatley, William Kemp, Churchwardens. New
made with the other seven bells, 1723. R. Phelps, fecit."

Belfries were first used about the seventh century. Alfred
is said to have first erected a tower for bells at Athelney; and
they were sometimes hung in more than one tower. On the
walls of this tower are fixed several boards, on which are the
following inscriptions : —

" Monday, October 20, 1777, the Society of College Youths
rang in this steeple a true and complete peal of 5040 grandsire
trebles, in three hours and ten minutes."

On another —

"Tuesday, March 31, 1778, the Society of London Youths
rang in this steeple a true and complete peal of 5120 Oxford
treble bobs, in three hours and twenty-one minutes."

On another —

" On Thursday, February 20, 1806, the Society of West-

^ Itin, published by Lord Orford, Strawberry Hill, p. 88.

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108 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

minster Youths rang in this steeple a trae and complete peal
of grandsire triples, consisting of 5040 changes, which was
performed in three hours and thirteen minutes/*

On another tablet, near the last —

"Lambeth Youths. — The above society rang in this
steeple, on Monday, March 24th, 1806, a complete peal of
grandsire trebles, consisting of 6040 changes, in three hours
and twelve minutes."

In the Churchwardens' Books are the following items, inter
alia, respecting the bells : —
1679. Payd for making the great clapper to a smithe in

White Chapel, it waying xxxi lb. et dim. at vie?, the

pounde, 15*. M
1698. Item, the olde great belle that was broken in the time

of Roger Wynslo, Rychard Sharpe, and John Lucas,

churchwardens, in 1 598, did contain in weighte xiiii cwt.

one quarter, and xxii lb.
1623. Payd for ryngynge when the Prince came from

Spayne, 12«.
1630. June 27. — ^To the ryngers the day the Prince was

baptized, 3*.
1633. October 15. — Payd for ryngynge on the Duke's birth-

day, Is.
1705. Ap. 10. — Gave the ringers when the siege of Gibraltar

was raised, 15*.

Church towers were formerly the parochial fortresses, and
were fitted with fireplaces, &c., the parishioners resorting to
them in time of danger.^ According to Dr. Ducarel, a beacon
was formerly placed on the top of this tower ; but Mr. Denne
says, the short distance it is from the gate-house of the palace,
where the valuable writings of the Prerogative Court were
kept, makes it appear very unlikely that it would be allowed.
In Holler's view of Lambeth Palace, 1647, the beacon is
plainly shown, and also in his view of London from Lambeth,
circa 1666. It is also shown in the view of Lambeth from
the Thames in Nichols's History ; and in a view taken by a
Florentine artist in the suite of Cosmo Duke of Tuscany, in
1669. There are no remains of it now in existence.

1 Posbrooke's Enc, of Antiq, i. p. 108.

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 109

In the churchwardens' books are some curious entries
respecting the clock :^ —

1585. Agreed that HoUoway shall have iiii*. a yeare for oyle
for the clocke and bells, and for candle to the clocke.
1599. Payd to Lewis Smalle, for keeping the clocke, his

wages, 128.
1605. To Smalle for keeping the clocke, 16^.
1632. Payd for a new clock for the church, £5.

About the year 1700, Ralphe Snowe, Esq., gave a flagstaff
and silk union flag, which was hoisted at the north-west
corner of the tower. About 1717, the flag blew down, and no
other was erected till 1777, when the churchwardens fixed
one, and on the usual rejoicing days displayed the flag as
heretofore.

In 1778, a handsome Gothic portal was erected by the
churchwardens at the west end of the old church, for the con-
venience of those parishioners who kept carriages. In the
same year a public subscription was opened, and £43. 5^.
raised for adding a swell, and other improvements, to the
organ ; the charity children were also removed into a new
gallery built for them near the organ, by faculty from Doctors'
Commons. The organ was enlarged and improved by sub-
scription on the restoration of the church in 1851.

In this church there were formerly several monuments to
the nobility and gentry, now lost ; it having been " found
necessary," says Mr. Denne in 1795, "on a late alteration, to
take down the table monuments.'* The inscriptions on many
of them were preserved by Mr. Augustine Vincent, of the
College of Arms.

Near the roof, on each side of the nave, are corbels from
which arches spring; each corbel is adorned with a demi-
angel holding a shield, with the following coats, beginning
from the east end.

SoutA Side,

1 . Quarterly, France and England ; probably put up by some

of the Norfolk family.

2. Canterbury, impaling Gules, a fess Or, in chief a goat's head

^ The origin of the invention of clocks is unknown. There were evidently
none in King Alfred's time, since he is said to have measured his time by wax
candles, marked by circular lines to distinguish the hours.

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110 HISTORY OP LAMBETH.

erased ; in base 3 escallops Argent At the base, Lord
Warham,

3. Argent, a chevron between three cocks* heads erased Gules,

quartering Azure, three crescents Argent; impaling Argent
a saltier Sable, in chief three escallops Gidea.

4. Or, a bend Sable; impaling Gules three lions rampant

Argent.

5. Quarterly, ^j2r2^re and Gules, four lions of England passant

Or, on a chief indented Argent, three ogresses.

6. Gules, three goats' heads erased Argent^ horned and

bearded Or.

North Side.

1. The instruments of the crucifixion.

2. Canterbury, impaling quarterly Gules and Ermine; 1st and

4th, a goat's (or antelope's) head erased Argent; for Arch-
bishop Morton.

3. Chdes, a Hon rampant Argent; Mowbray or Mompesson.

4. Gtdes, semee of cross crosslets, three lions rampant, ^r^^%/.

5. Barry of four. Argent and Sable, per pale counterchanged.

6. Argent, a cross, and in the dexter chief a canton Gules.

These shields were probably (with the exception of one)
intended to commemorate contributors to the fabric. Four
out of the twelve — ^viz., 1 and 6 on the south side, and 1 and 6
on the north side, had disappeared previous to the restoration,
when they were replaced.

In a window on the north side, between the second and
third corbels, was formerly this coat : — England, with a label
of three points Argent, within a garter : the arms of John
Mowbray, the last Duke of Norfolk of that family, made Knight
of the Garter by Edward IV. He bore this coat as descended
from Thomas de Brotherton, fifth son of Edward I. .

There was formerly a painted window between the fourth (
and fifth corbels : Quarterly, 1st and 4th Azure, three crescents I
Argent; 2nd and 3rd, Argent, a chevronel between three cocks' j
heads erased Gules.

On the east wall of Howard's Chapel was an ancient piece
of sculpture representing a shield with a lion rampant, being
the arms, and probably part of one of the monuments, of the v\
Dukes of Norfolk of the Howard family.

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HISTORY OP LAMBETH. Ill

In the times of Popery, the high altar was not the only altar
in Lambeth Church, nor, probably, in any other parish church
in England. In the Churchwardens' Accounts, five are men-
tioned — viz., to the Virgin Mary, to St. Thomas, to St. George,
to St. Nicholas, and to St. Christopher.

1520. Received of John ChamberUn, for the Vyrgin lyghtte,
£1. 6*. 6d/.,ob.

1522. Received of the Duches of Norfolk, the xvii. daye of

Julie, for the Vyrgin lyghtt, £3. 6^. 8d.
Received of Richard Browne, for the Vyrgin lyghtt,

£1.2^.
Received of St. Thomas's lyghtt, 13^., ob.
Received of John Symonds, for St. George's lyghtt,

2^. 2d.
Received of John Massey, for St. George's lyghtt, 1^.6^?.
Received of Harie Bull and John Symes, for St. George's

lyghtt, 2*. id.

1523. Payd for ii lb. new wax, for St. Nicholas lyghtt, 3*. Sd.
Payd to Calcot, for St. Christopher's banner, 4*. 8^?.

1519. Payd for 2 bords, for the gable end of St. Christopher's
Ue, 2^. 4d.

Again, in the Churchwardens' Books, fol. 309-314, are—
"Accounts of Wardens of the Brethren of Sent Crystover, kept
within the Church of Lambeth, in the time of Henry VIII.,"
as follows : —

Imprimis. Paid to Syr William Webster (the priest), for 1 year

and 1 quarter, £8. 6^. 8d.
Paid for a carpenter to mend the lyghtts, 1*.

— for a priest when Syr William went on business, L?.

— for mending tapers. Is.

— for the expenses of fests, £4. 1^. Id.

— for the drawghts of the mortmayne, 3^. 4rf.

— for 2 new torches, 13*. 4^.

— for 2 tapers, 1*.

— for making the altar clothe, 8*.

— for costs and charges of the feste, £2. 7s. Sd.

In the reign of Queen Mary, is a charge for replacing an
altar on the revival of Popery, in Howard's Chapel.

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112 HISTORY OV LAMBETH.

A. 1557. Paid to Nicholas Brymsted, for making up the syde
jftwtor in my Lady of Norfolke's Chapel, and paving in
the churche, and for sande, 4«. 2d.

The chapel on the north side of the chancel, built by
Thomas Duke of Norfolk, was consecrated in 1522.

In the Churchwardens' Accounts of that year are the
following entries : —

Payd for candyls when the chapel was hallowed, 2d,
To my lady's grace for cloth for the ambys, £1.
1567. Payd for mending a piece of glasse in the crucifixe in
the Dewk's Chapel, Is. 4(3?.

Before the Reformation there were few fixed seats in any of
the parish churches. In the reign of Philip and Mary there
were so many in Lambeth Church, as to render it necessary to
distinguish by labels to whom they belonged : — " Paid for a
skin of parchment to write men's names upon the pewes, 46?."

At a vestry called in 1564, it was agreed, that all who held
seats in " Sir John a Lee's Chapel, should pay quarterly to-
wards the reparation of the church for their services, xiic?."
And all those who had seats in the " Dutchess of Norfolk's
Chapell," to pay the same. The rest of the inhabitants to pay
one penny a quarter.

A. 1573. Paid for a fote stole in Mr. Framton's pewe, Sd.
A. 1574. P* a joiner for 2 seats for the clerke and the skolers

to sit and saye sarvyze in, £1. 4^. 8d.
1582. For cutting down partition between the church and

the chancel, and new seats, 1*. 2d.
1 584. P* remov* the curate's pew and mending the clerk's

seat, 6d.
1608. For setting up a seat for the ease of women that come

to be churched, 7*. lOrf.
1615. Paid the carpenter for 26 single seats, in the middle

row on the north side of the church, £26.

Dr. Featley gave a sundial, which was placed over the
church porch.

Over the old Vestry Room, at the east end of the south isle,
was formerly a room, respecting which the following items
occur in the Churchwardens' Book : —

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HISTOET OF LAMBETH. 118

1669. Paide the charges of the fynyshynge of the chamber
over the vestry, with the staires, &c., £3. 4^. 10^.

1621. Payd to Thomas Mercer for repayringe the room over
the vestrie house, £1.8*. 4fl?.

By the Churchwardens' Accounts it appears that in 1522, a
new pulpit was erected in this church at a cost of 20 shillings,
and the old one was valued at eightpence only. Now, although
preaching was so unfrequent in parochial churches before the
sixteenth century, as to render it unlikely that much expense
would be incurred for a pulpit, yet, considering the situation
of Lambeth Church, this seems scarcely credible. The new
one continued in use till 1615, when Archbishop Abbot gave
another, at a cost of £15. It was placed against the south-
east pillar of the nave, and was furnished with an hour-glass,
of which there are no remains.

In the Churchwardens* Accounts are two entries respecting
the hour-glass : —

1579. Payd to Yorke for the frame in which the }tx>ure

standeth, 1*. ^d.
1615. Payd for an iron for the hour -glass, 6*. 8(/.

Concerning the use of hour-glasses in churches, Mr. Denne^
says, " Some have imagined that the ancient fathers preax;hed,
as the Greek and Roman orators declaimed, by an hour-glass;
on the contrary, it has been remarked that the sermons of
several of them were not of this length ; and it is particularly
said that there are many sermons in St. Austin's tenth volume
which a man might deliver with distinctness and propriety in
eight minutes, and some in almost half that time." The
old pulpit and reading-desk stood near the middle of the
nave at the entrance of the chancel. They were presented by
Mr. Ralph Snowe, as appears by the following entry in the
vestry minutes : —

"June 14, 1693, where as Mr. Ralphe Snowe, treasurer to
the Archbishop of Canterbury, observing the pulpit to be old,
and to stand at present so inconveniently, hath given a new
pulpit, reading-desk, and clerk's pew, to be fixed in a more

^ Addend. Hid. Lambeth, p. 268.

8

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114 HISTORY OF LAMBKTH.

convenient place : it is this day ordered in the vestry, that the
new pulpit, &c., be placed against the pillar joined to the
chancel on the south side ; and that to make room for them,
the seats that are there at present may be taken away, so
far as there shall be occasion."

The pulpit and desks were subsequently removed into the
chancel, and afterwards to another position, at the entrance
from the chancel to the nave.

In the year 1620, the following entries occur in the Church-
w;ardens' Books respecting the frame about the communion
table : —

Imprimis. Paid to James Simpson, jojmer, for making the
frame about the communion, with scrues and iron-
work, £5. 5«.

Item,' for lyme, sand, and works in levelling the chancel, 1 7*. 6^?.

Item, for matting the frame about the communion table, 6*.

Item, for wainscott and setting the upper end of the chancel,
£2. 68. 6d.

There was formerly a gallery over the entrance into the
chancel, which was commonly called the rood-loft, in which
was usually an organ.

The Rood (from the Saxon rode, a cross) was an image of
Christ upon the Cross, generally made of wood, and placed
in a loft, erected for that purpose over the passage from the
church into the chancel. The Rood was not considered com-
plete without the images of St. John and the Virgin Mary
standing on either side of the cross, in allusion to St. John
(John xix. 26). The place bearing the rood-loft was called a
rere-dosse.

Roods were first ordered to be taken down Nov. 14, 1547,
1st Edw. VL, and the royal arms, with such texts of scripture
as condemned images, were ordered to be placed in their stead.

The rood-loft was taken down in 1570, where the organ
was afterwards placed. Respectiug the old organ the following
entries occur in the Churchwardens' Books : —

1517. Paid to Sir WiQiam Argall for the organs, 10^.
1565. Received for an old paire of organs, £1. 10^.
1568. Paid to Father Howe for his fee for keeping the organe
one yere, 1*.

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 115

The present organ, which is of a fine tone, and is placed
over the western gallery, was erected in the time of Queen
Anne.

Organs began to be generally used in churches about the
year 828. They were used in England in monasteries and
churches in the time of King Edgar, who died in 975 ; and
Durandus, who lived in the year 1280, says they were con-
tinued in churches in his time. William of Malmesbury
{circa 1120) says, that the Saxons had organs in their churches
before the Conquest ; and that St. Dunstan, in the reign of
King Edgar, gave one to Abingdon Abbey.

Many organs were destroyed by the Puritans, who held
them in abhorrence.

The Registers of this parish begin with the year 1539, and
are continued to the present time : in the year 1786, they
were contained in thirteen volumes, well preserved.

In the Churchwardens' Accounts are the following entries
respecting them : —

1566. Payd for paper ryall, for the christenynge boke, 6fl?.

Paid Matthew Allen, by consente of the hole parishe,
for new writing of the olde boke of baptisme,
marriage, and burial, 65. 8^.
1674. For ii quere of paper to make a boke, %d.
1593. Paid to the curat for writinge our boke of christenings,
weddings, and burials, 2«.

During the Commonwealth the banns of marriage were
published in towns upon market-days, and the marriage
ceremony was performed by a justice of the peace ; but in
1657, ministers were again empowered to marry.

In these registers is an entry of such a marriage : —

1653, Nov. 7. Mark Perkins and Margaret Payne, married by
Thomas Cooper, justice of the peace.

In addition to the mother church, the following district and
proprietary churches have been erected in this parish, to supply
thQ spiritual wants of its greatly increasing population.

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116 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

St 3of)n% QEaterloo i^oadr.

This church is a handsome structure of brick, with. stone
dressings, in the Grecian style of architecture. The entire
western front consists of a hexastyle portico of the Grecian-
Doric order, with entablature and pediment. The columns
are fluted, and the whole raised on three steps.

Behind the portico rises a lofty steeple, in four stories, from
the roof; the lower story is rusticated, and contains the clock-
dials. The next story is of the Ionic order, having two columns
on each face, with antae at the angles, and a louvre window
in each intercolumniation. In this division is an excellent
peal of eight beUs, of which the tenor weighs 19 cwt. The
third story is of the same general design as the last, but of
diminished proportions. From this story rises a pedestal
supporting an obelisk, which is surmounted by a stone ball
and cross.

The interior is similar to most of our modern churches of
Grecian design. The length is 120 feet, and breadth 67 feet.
In the western gallery is a good organ, erected in 1827, at the
cost of £1200, given by the late Thomas Lett, Esq. The
east end is ornamented with a handsome stained glass window,
and the reredos is composed of antae richly gilt and painted in
arabesque.

In the middle aisle, under the organ gallery, is a beautiful
font of white marble, which was brought from Italy, andl^ pre-
sented to the church by Dr. Barrett, the first minister. It is
about four feet in height, and has the form of an antique /vase.
The handles are demi-angels terminating in foUage ; and! both
in front and at the back is an ornamental compar
enclosing a finely sculptured female figure in basso-re
, the one bearing a book with a lamb, and the other a
and a palm-branch. From the workmanship and carvil
appears to have been made about the commencement Apf the
last century.

The first stone of this church was laid on the 30th of ^ June,
1823, by Archbishop Sutton, who presented the comm^ inion
plate, at a cost of £120 ; and the building was consec| rated
on the 3rd of November, 1824, by Dr. Tomline, Bishd^jp of
Winchester. It was built from the designs of Francis Bed ford,

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HISTORY OP LAMBETH. 117

Esq., architect, at a cost, including the fittings-up, &c., of about
£18,000. There are 2037 sittings, of which 861 are free.

The Hving is a perpetual curacy. The Rev. Jonathan Tyers
Barrett, D.D., was the first minister; and on his resignation
in 1832, the Rev. Robert Irvine, A.M., became his successor.
The present incumbent is the Rev. J. A. Johnston, who was
nominated in 1848.

Schools, with residence for teacher attached, were erected
in 1825, at a cost of £2100. Further schools were built in
1852, at a cost of £850.

&t ^attljeto% Brixton*

The Archbishop of Canterbury laid the first stone in 1822,
and the church was consecrated on the 21st of June, 1824, by
Dr. Tomhne, Bishop of Winchester.

This church is of the Grecian-Doric order, and was designed
by Charles Porden, Esq., architect. The ground-plan is a
parallelogram, measuring about 100 feet in length, and 65 feet
in breadth. The cost of erection was £15,192. 9*. The body
of the church is of light-coloured brick; the dressings and
ornamental parts are of stone.

The west fi^ont is occupied by a portico composed of four
fluted columns and two antae raised on a stybolite of five
steps, supporting an entablature and pediment.

In the central part of the eastern front is a projecting
tower, surmounted by a steeple of two stories ; and the
recessed side divisions each contain an entrance porch, fronted
by antae supporting an entablature. The lower story of the
steeple fias the form of a square temple of the Doric order ;
each face consisting of two columns and two antae, supporting
an entablature, above which is a parapet with breaks for the
clock-dials. The upper story consists of an octagonal temple,
designed from that of Cjrrrhestes at Athens ; this is crowned
by a pyramidical roof, enriched with scroll fohage, and sur-
mounted by a plain stone cross.

The interior exhibits much elegance and skilful arrangement.
There is a spacious gallery on each side, and also at the west
end, resting upon square antae : in the latter is placed the
organ (built by Lincoln), and in the recesses at the sides are
smaller galleries for the school-children of the district.

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118 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

The altar-piece is placed at the east end on three raised
steps, and immediately over it, on tables, are inscribed the
Lord's Prayer, Decalogue, and Creed, in gilt letters.

This is now a perpetual curacy, and independent of the
mother church. The Rev. Edward Rogers, D.D., was the first
minister. He was succeeded, in 1841, by the Rev. John
Vaughan, D.C.L. The Rev. N. C. Garland is the present
incumbent.

Schools, with residence, were erected in 1827, and enlarged
in 1829 and 1832, at a total cost of £1514. The parsonage
was erected in 1843, at a cost of £2000. A further sum of
£150 was expended in improvements in 1853.

&t iufee's, NortoooH.

This church was commenced in the year 1 822, and com-
pleted in 1825 ; when, on the 15th of July, it was consecrated
by the late George Pretyman Tomline, D.D., Bishop of Win-
chester. It was built from the designs of Francis Bedford,
Esq., architect, at a total cost of about £18,000. It is a large
and handsome edifice of brick, with stone dressings, in the
Grecian style of architecture. The west front is wholly com-
posed of a hexastyle portico of the Corinthian order, with fluted
columns surmounted by a plain entablature and pediment.

The steeple rises above the roof in three stories, the lower-
most being rusticated and pierced for the clock-dials. The
second story is in the form of a square temple, of the Doric
order, and contains two bells. The upper story is formed
by an octangular turret, surrounded by a peristyle of eight
shafts, and having a square opening on each face. The
whole is crowned with a cupola, surmounted by a stone ball
and cross.

The interior is elegant and chaste. The entire length is
106 feet, breadth 66 feet; and it contains 1412 sittings, of
which 688 are free. The communion-table occupies a recpss
at the eastern end. The plate was presented by Archbishop
Sutton. .

Schools were erected in 1826 (enlarged 1843) and 18;.D0,at
a total cost of £1340. ^

The living is a perpetual curacy. The first minisfifir was
the Rev. A. Gibson, A.M., who was succeeded, in 183Pif^by the

\

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 119

Rev. Charles Turner, A.M., who died this year, 1858. The
present incumbeift is the Rev. J. W. Lester, M.A.

At a short distance from St. Luke's Church, is the Norwood
Cemetery, occupying nearly fifty acres of ground, chiefly
lying on the north and north-west acclivities of a commanding
eminence, from which the views of Norwood, Penge, Heme-
hill, Nunhead, and the adjacent country, are very fine. In
the midst of these, on the adjacent heights of Penge, is seen
the Crystal Palace, happily blending the beauties of Nature
with the appliances of Art. The sum of £75,000 has been
expended by the company upon these grounds. On the
most elevated part are two chapels, erected from the de-
signs of William Tite, Esq., respectively used for celebrating
the burial service according to the ritual of the Church of
England, and for Dissenters. They are both constructed of
white brick, ornamented with stone dressings, in the more
chastened style of the Pointed architecture which prevailed in
the reign of Henry VL The Episcopal chapel stands due
east and west, and is in length 70 feet, and in breadth 32 feet.
The Dissenters' chapel stands nearly north and south, and is
60 feet in length and 30 feet wide.

&t Mwck% Itennington*

This church stands on the south side of Kennington-park,
near the intersection of the road leading to Brixton and
Croydon with that of Vauxhall and Camberwell. Its site is
somewhat remarkable, as having been the place of execution
for criminals doomed to capital punishment at the county
assizes ; and here many persons suflTered as traitors after the
insurrection of the Scotch in favour of the Pretender in the
year 1745.

The first stone was laid by the Archbishop of Canterbury,
on the 1st of July, 1822; and the building was consecrated
on the 30th of June, 1824, by George Pretyman Tomline, D.D.,
Bishop of Winchester.

It is a spacious edifice, of an oblong form, composed partly
of brick with stone dressings, and partly of stone. The entire
west front consists of a portico of the Doric order. There is
a tower and cupola at the west end, crowned by a lofty cross.
At the east end is an attached building, including a vestry

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120 HISTORT OF LAMfiXTH.

and other offices, beneath which is a flight A steps leading
to the catacombs. The entire length is 10 J feet, breadth 61
feet. The interior is light, airy, and ornamental. Spacious
galleries extend along each side, and across the west end,
where the organ is placed.

The expense of erection, including the purchase of the site
and furniture, was £22,719. 19«. 1 Id., of which sum the Parlia-f
mentary Commissioners gave £7651. 1«. lOrf. ; lent without
interest £8442. 2«. 6(/., and the remainder with interest. It
will hold 2016 persons, of whom 934 can be provided with
free sittings.

The Rev. William Otter, A.M., was the first minister, and
was appointed by the Rector of Lambeth. The patronage,
since it became a separate district parish at the death of Dr.
D'Oyly, became vested in the Archbishop of Canterbury.
The Rev. Charlton Lane, A.M., who was instituted on the 9th
of March, 1882, on the presentation of Archbishop Howley,
is the present incumbent.

There are four schools, with residences attached, respectively
built in 1827 (enlarged in 1834 and 1860), at a total cost of
£2896; 1836, at a cost of £788; 1887 (enlarged in 1847 and
1852), at a total cost of £1287 ; and in 1848 (enlarged in
1853), at a total cost of £1944.

The parsonage-house was erected in 1 888, at a cost of £2336.

Cfiurdj of t^e f&olg JCrinitg^
This church is situate in Carlisle-street, directly opposite
where CarUsle House formerly stood. It stands upon a piece
of ground that formed an angle of the kitchen-garden of
Lambeth Palace, which was presented for the purpose by the
Archbishop of Canterbury. It is a plain building, of Suffolk
brick, and was erected from the designs of Edward Blore, Esq.,
architect, at a cost of about £3600, principally defrayed by
voluntary contributions. There are galleries at the sides, and
a small organ at the west end, in a gallery erected to rowpD
it. There is a small robing-room on the south side; th
pulpit and reading-desk are placed near the east end, in th^
middle of the area. There are 971 sittings, of which 47C
are free.
' This is a perpetual curacy, of which the patronage is vestec

C'

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HISTORY OP LAMBETH. 121

in the Rector of Lambeth. The first incumbent was the Rev.
John Pratt ; he resigned at Midsummer, 1840, and was suc-
ceeded by Charles Edmund Wylde, A.M., who also resigned
about Michaelmas, 1848 ; and in November in the same year,
the Rev. John Leigh Spencer was appointed his successor.
The present incumbent is the Rev. James Gillman, who was
appointed in 1849. A district, including a population of more
than six thousand persons, ail residing within the compass of
about half a mile, was assigned to this church by an order of
her Majesty in Council, dated the 28rd of June, 1841.

This chapel, situate in Princes-road, Lambeth-butts, was
erected in 1827-8, from the designs of Francis Bedford, Esq.,
architect, at an expense of £7634. 10«. 4^., granted by the
Parliamentary Commissioners. It was consecrated on the
26th of August, 1828, by the Bishop of Winchester. It is a
neat edifice, in the later style of English architecture, with a
campanile turret crowned by a small spire, which is sur-
mounted by a ball and cross. The interior consists of a nave,
aisles, and a small chancel ; the former being separated from
each other by ranges of slender clustered columns, which
support the galleries, and, being also continued by ribs spring-
ing from the capitals, compose, ^ith others springing from
the side walls, an imitation of a groined roof both over the
nave and aisles.

The east window is divided into four principal lights, and
in the heading are divers religious emblems in stained glass.
On each side of the chapel, and at the west end, are galleries :
in the latter is an organ, with seats for the charity-schools at
the sides. There are 1960 sittings, of which 1347 are firee.

The chapel is now held as a perpetual curacy, in the
patronage of the Rector of Lambeth, and has a district
assigned to it extending from the banks of the Thames to
Kennington-road. The first minister, appointed in 1828, was
the Rev. Charlton Lane, A. M. (now incumbent of St. Mark's,
Kennington) ; on whose resignation, the Rev. Stephen Pope,
A.M., was nominated. He died on the 24th of October, 1833,
aged thirty-six years ; and is commemorated by a marble
tablet in the chapel, ornamented by sacramentd emblems.

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122 HISTORY OP LAMBETH.

which was erected by a subscription among the congregation.
He was succeeded by the Rev. H. S. Plumptre, A.M., who
became lecturer at St. Michael's, Stockwell, in 1829, when the
Rev. Robert Eden, A.M., was appointed curate. The Rev.
Robert Gregory is the present incumbent.

Schools were erected in 1835, at a cost of £1290.

This church is situate in the New-park-road, nearly equi-
distant between the Brixton and Clapham roads. It was
erected in 1841, from the designs and under the superintend-
ence of the late William Rogers, Esq., architect, of St. Ann's-
road, and was consecrated on November the 18th in the same
year, by the Bishop of Winchester.

This edifice is a composition in the lancet or Early English
style of architecture ; but much <rf a novel character at the
east end, which constitutes the principal front, and faces Lorn-
road. Here the central part (including the chief entrance)
consists of an hexagonal tower, of three stories, surmounted
by a slender spire of the same form, which is supported by
flying buttresses, and crowned by a handsome finial. At each
angle of the tower is a graduated buttress of four stages, with
an ornamental pinnacle ; and in the front of the second story
is a clock-dial placed within a triangular niche.

In 1844, the Rev. Charles Kemble erected projecting
porches at the northern and southern angles of the building,
forming entrances to the aisles and gaUeries, over each of
which is an. oblong window flanked by ornamental buttresses.
On each side of the church are seven lancet windows between
similar buttresses ; and in the circular termination of the west
end are others of the same character.

The interior has a Ught and elegant appearance. The roof
is of open timber work, stained dark oak ; the galleries are
supported by cast-iron columns, painted white, which also
serve to separate the nave from the aisles. The communion-
table is placed in a recess at the east end, on the walls of
which are inscribed the Lord's Prayer, Creed, and Command-
ments. Above the screen, or reredos, a large aperture admits
the light from the central window of the tower, which is filled
with stained glass. There is a good organ, by Hill, in the

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ALL SAINTS' CHURCH.

ALL SAINTS' SCHOOLS.

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 128

gallery within the circular recess at the west end, which was
presented by S. B. Brooke, Esq.

The total expense incurred in the erection of this church
was nearly £5000, which was defrayed partly by grants and
partly by voluntary gifts.

An ecclesiastical (chapelry) district, including a portion of
South Lambeth, and comprising a population of about 7000
persons, was assigned to it by an order of her Majesty in
Council on the 23rd of December, 1845. The present in-
cumbent is the Rev. Charles Kemble, A.M., appointed in 1844,
the rector of Lambeth being the patron. The perpetual curate
of St. Mark's is now the patron of this chapelry, a great
change having taken place, under legal ecclesiastical arrange-
ments, in the patronage of the several districts of Lambeth
parish, after the decease of Dr. D'Oyly, in January, 1846.

In Dorset-street are the National and Infant Schools
of this district, erected in 1847. Children are admitted to
these schools on their obtaining a certificate from one of the
clergy of the district. Those that are under six years of age
are required to pay 2d. per week ; and of those between six
and eleven, the first of a family 2d. and the rest Id. each.
The hours of instruction are from nine to twelve in the morn-
ing, and from two to four in the afternoon. This building is
also open for pubUc worship every Sunday at eleven o'clock
in the morning, and at half-past six in the evening. There is
a branch school in Ingleton-street, which is regulated by the
same rules.

Owing to the very praiseworthy exertions of the Rev. Charles
Kemble, the incumbent, there has been instituted a system of
district visiting, which has been ably seconded by from thirty
to forty ladies, who each take an apportioned part of the
parish in which to pxercise their truly Christian duties. In
the National School-rooms, every Tuesday and Friday evening,
two hours are devoted to the instruction of adult persons of
both sexes.

911 Sainta*

This church, which is situate in York-street, Lambeth-marsh,
was built between the 13th of May, 1844, when the first stone
was laid, and September, 1845, from the designs of William

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124 HISTORY Olf LAMBETH.

Rogers, Esq., architect, and at an expense of £6399. liis. 6d.
It is in the Anglo-Norman style of architecture. The prin-
cipal entrance is into the Lower Marsh, and opens into
a long corridor from a recessed arch, decorated with zig-zag
and other mouldings wrought in the basement story of a well-
proportioned campanile tower of three stories, surmounted by
a slender spire. The height of the tower is 79 feet, and that
of the spire 54 feet. The interior consists of a nave and aisles,
terminated by a recessed angular chancel, which is Ut in a
subdued but harmonious tone by a semi-dome skyUght filled
with stained glass. There is a spacious gallery over each aisle
and at the west end, in which latter is a richly decorated
organ, centrally divided. The length of the church is 100 feet,
and the breadth 50 feet. It contains 1500 sittings, of which
700 are free.

The first minister was the Rev. Abraham Peat, A.M., ap-
pointed in 1846. The Rev.Whitmore Carr, A.M., appointed in
1855, is the present incumbent. The patronage is vested in
the incumbent of St. John's.

Attached to the church in York-street are the All Saints'
National and Infant Schools, which were opened for the
reception of children on the 11th of December, 1854. The
total cost, including site, was £1700. These schools depend
for support upon the pence of the children, with an annual
grant from the Walcot Charity, and well deserve the support
of the friends of education. There are also Ladies' Needle-
work and District Visiting Societies.

HoUanU Cfjajiel, otherwise Cfj'rtiSt Cfjurcf)f*
This chapel, situate in the Brixton-road, is a neat stuccoed
edifice, with a bell-turret over the central part. There are
three galleries and a good organ, with accommodation for about
1000 persons. It was erected in 1820, 6y the Rev. J. Styles,
D.D., for Independents, but has for many years been a pro-
prietary Episcopal chapel. It is now called Christ Church.
The Rev. James M'Connel Hussey, A.B., is the present
incumbent.

In Lawn-place, South Lambeth, is hnl^iscopal chapel yVfhxch.
was erected in 1794, accommodating about 600 persons. It
is surmounted by a bell-turret, and contains a fine-toned

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 125

organ. The patronage is vested in the proprietors and the
rector of Lambeth. The Rev. J. Soper was the minister
until 1857, when he was succeeded by the Rev.C.P. Shepherd.

&t ^t(bxtixs% StamforU Zttttt^
This church was erected in 1856, from the designs of S. S.
Teulon, Esq., architect, and is noteworthy for the bold and
natural manner in which h6 has attained artistic and poly-
chromatic effects, by the employment of very simple materials.
St. Andrew's, like many of our metropolitan churches, is
short in proportion to its breadth, and comprises in its plan
a clerestoried nave and aisles of four bays, the tower occupy-
ing the most western bay on the ritually north but really east
side (the church stands north and south), and a chancel, also
clerestoried, with aisles of two bays extending to the east end.
There is a tower, built with bands of red and white brick,
from the four gables of which rises a slate spire. The west
window consists of two lights, with a circular window in the
gable ; that to the east of five lights, and those of the north .
aisle of four, while the clerestory is composed of very effective
broad low windows of five lights. The pillars are circular,
resting upon low round bases tapering conically to a band,
from which the shaft springs.

The general internal effect of this church is spacious and
dignified. In the nave each spandril contains, in red brick, a
circle bearing the pentalpha; while the entire chancel-wall,
east end as well as side, is a chequered diaper of red brick on
the white ground. The effect is rich, and the contrast thus
produced marks out the chancel most completely. The aisles,
as we have seen, run to the east end, and the chancel is par-
closed north and south by constructional screens, the former,
which is the more lofty, acting as a boundary to the vestry,
which is worked in the inside of the church. It is solid, ex-
cept an open parapet of brick at the top. The screen to the
south is low, and of stone. The reredos is constructed of red
and white bricks alternating in patterns, and relieved by hori-
zontal bands of black brick. The design is an arcade of seven
trefoil-headed arches, formed of moulded brick, but with shafts
of lizard serpentine, and caps and bases of stone. Above these
arches is a horizontal band of circles, made of jencaustic tiles,

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126 HISTOEY OF LAMBETH.

capped with a bold and massive brick cornice, with a band of
encaustic tiles' bearing monograms and crosses. This com-
bination of brick with a rare species of stone has a very pleasing
effect. The altar is framed in wood, and the sanctuary rail is
of stone. The prayer-desk faces west, and is situated on the
north side of the nave, the pulpit standing on the south. In
the west window is a representation of St. Andrew iA painted
glass. The chancel-pillars have foliaged capitals, very well
carved by Mr. Forsyth. The seats are all open.

The chm'ch was consecrated by the Bishop of Winchester.

The Rev. A. S. Canney is the present incumbent.

&t WifortmX Mtstmirattt iEloatv.

This church was erected from the design of S. S. Teulon,
Esq., architect. As originally designed, it exhibited a modi-
fication of the fine Dominican church at Ghent ; but, the esti-
mates having been cut down, it has now merely the appearance
of a long and broad parallelogram, with aisles of two bays
towards the east for galleries, in addition to the west gallery.
Externally Mr. Teulon has called into play the graceful effects
of particoloured bricks, felicitously using them unchamfered
in his smaller windows ; and a small square fleche for a single
bell stands upoti the roof at the west end. Adjacent rises the
new parsonage, correspondingly designed. The church and
house cost together £6580. 12^. Ic?. There are 1100 sittings,
of which 809 are free. The parochial district of St. Thomas,
constituted under the act of the late Sir Robert Peel, contains
a population of 10,000 persons, of which the majority are of
the poorest description. The money expended in building the
church and parsonage was obtained by voluntary contribu-
tions, and the patronage of the living is vested in the follow-
ing gentlemen, who contributed most munificently towards its
erection : — The Marquis of Blandford, M.P. ; Sir Edward N.
Buxton, Bart. ; Robert Hanbury, Esq. ; Robert Hanbury, Esq.,
Jun. ; and the Rev. Charles Kemble, M.A. The first stone
was laid on the 24th of September, 1 856, by Robert Hanbury,
Esq., and the ceremony of consecration was performed by the
Bishop of Winchester on the 24th of June, 1857.

In the Waterloo-road is St. Thomas's Chapel of Ease (used
as a temporary church before the erection of St. Thomas's in

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ST. THOMAS'S CHAPEL OF EASE.

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I ;

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 127

the Westminster-road), where there is service every Sunday
morning at eleven o'clock, and evening at half-past six, and
also on Thursday evenings at eight. Here are held the " Na-
tional and Infant Schools," supplying upwards of 300 of the
rising generation with reUgious and useful education. To
their worthy pastor this district is indebted for the institution
of a Ubrary for the congregation, and also for children ; a
Spiritual Aid Fund, a District Visiting Society, a Maternal
Society, and a Sunday School. A special service for poUce-
men is performed in the chapeUof-ease on stated days in the
week.

The present incumbent is the Rev. James Richard Starey.

S>t JEattiieto'iS (fffjurcli, IBenmarft f&ilL

This church was reconstructed and built upon the site of
an old chapel, formerly serving as a chapel-of-ease to the
neighbouring churches in the parishes of Camberwell and
Lambeth. It was for some time under the pastoral care of
the Rev. Thomas Dale, now vicar of St. Pancras, and canon of
St. Paul's.

Upon the appointment, in 1844, of the present incumbent,
the Rev. Stephen Bridge, A.M., enlargement of the structure
became necessary; and in 1847, the old chapel was pulled
down, and the present edifice erected.

It was completed, with the exception of the upper part of
tower and spire, in July, 1848. •Sir Claude de Crespigny,
Bart., the ground landlord, having kindly consented to give
the site, and the proprietors having generously reUnquished
their interest in the chapel, with a view to its consecration as
a new district church, that ceremony was performed by the
Lord Bishop of Winchester, and an ecclesiastical district was
assigned to it.

The design, furnished by A. D. Gough, Esq., architect, of
Lancaster-place, was adopted, with certain curtailments to
lessen cost, and parts left for a time unfinished. Subsequently
the tower and spire have been completed in accordance with his
original design, and under his direction, as well as a further
enlargement, by the addition of transepts, to the ^original
arrangement of nave and side aisles.

The accommodation altogether is for 1500 persons.

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128 Distort of lambeth.

The church has a lofty clerestory, and an apsidal termina-
tion of nave forming the chancel. It has north and south
and west-end galleries; an elaborately carved organ-screen,
with rose window over it at the west end ; and a carved stone
reredos, dwarf screen, and five narrow double-light windows
in the chancel. The pulpit and desk are of oak, and it has
also a good stone font.

The church is medieval in style; it is built of ragstone,
with Bath-stone dressings. Both exterior and interior partake
of rather a continental than an English character, lightness
and elegance being its main characteristics.

St. Matthew's ScAoolsy in the Camberwell New-road, consist-
ing of infant and girls' schools, teachers' residences, &c., form
a very picturesque group of buildings. They are built with
red bricks and Bath-stone dressings, to the design of A. D.
Gough, Esq. The infant schools and teachers' residences
were commenced in 1849, and completed in the following
year. The girls' school has subsequently been erected,

Stodttoell lEpiscopal Ciiapel
On the west side of Stockwell-green. It is a plain brick
building, towards the erection of which, Archbishop Seeker
contributed £500 in the year 1767. It was greatly enlarged
in 1810, and contains sittings for 800 persons. The present
minister is the Rev. Henry Clissold, A.M., who was appointed
in 1824 ; he is rector also of Chelmondisham, in Suflfolk.

&U '^ml% FauxfialU
This chapel was erected in 1813. In the year 1850 it was
enlarged and improved at an expense of £300. There is
accommodation for 600 persons. It was rented by Messrs.
Price's Candle Company for the use of their workmen for
some time, but at present it is not in use.

Ferulam CfjapeU
Erected in 1811. It is a plain square building, fronted by
a range of pilasters of the Doric order, surmounted by an
entablature and pediment. This chapel was originally of the
Independent connection, but is now Episcopal. In 1853,
the sum of £200 was expended in improvements. There is

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; •

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ST. BAENABAS' CHURCH.
THE REV. WILLUM BARKER, A.M., INCUMBENT.

(See Addenda.)

ST. BARNABAS' SCHOOLS.

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HISTORY OF LAMBSTH. 129

accommodation for 660 persons. The present minister is the
Rev. C. Green, appointed in 1867.

A proprietary establishment in Clayton-place, 'Kennington-
road. It was enlarged in 1861, at a cost of £600, in which
year also £80 was expended in the erection of schools. There
is accommodation for 800 persons. The present minister is
the Rev. Henry Woodwara.

&t 3(Afa% ^rtatU Eoton.
This chmrch is designed in the Perpendicular style. Its
plan comprises a massive west tower, 23 feet sqnare and 100
feet in height, to the spring of the angular turrets ; a nave,
chancel, north and south aisles, with a large porch and room
over. The roof-timbers are deal, stamed, and the intervening
spaces tinted of an azure hue. The nave and aisles are paved
with Staffordshire tiles, alternately black and red, and the
chancel with encaustic tiles. The east window is of five
lights, and contains painted glass by Hudson. The church
contains 1600 sittings, including a small western gallery. The
seating, pulpit, desk, and other fittings are of oak. The church
was built in 186S, at the sole expense (£6600) of William
Stone, Esq., of the Casino, Heme-hill, from the designs of
B. Ferrey, Esq., architect. The site was given by the owner
of the estate, Benedict J. A. Angell, Esq. The ecclesiastical
district of St. John's was assigned under the 8th & 9th Vict,
cap. 70, sec. 23, and is detached from St. Matthew's, Brixton.
The first incumbent is the Rev. Matthew Vaughan. A par-
sonage house and schools, with residence attached, were erected
in 1863, at an expense for the former of £1600, and for the
latter of £1800. Angell Town takes its name from the eccen-
tric "John" who died at Stockwell-park House in 1784, and
in whose will (fruitful of litigation) was expressed a desire that
a chapel should be dedicated to the saint of his name.

This building is in the Early-English style of architecture,
and is fiEtced with Kentish rag, with Bath-stone quoins and
dressings. The nave walls are carried up upon Caen-stone

9

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130 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

columDB, with carved caps ; the chancel is a semi-octagon,
with a window in each bay; the ceiling of the chancel is
groined, but the building generally is very little ornamented.
All the woodwork is of deal, stained. The entire length, in-
cluding the chancel, is 102 feet; the entire width 57 feet; the
height of nave 56 feet. There are galleries, which are con-
structed independently of the nave columns. There is a good
organ constructed in two compartments, allowing of the Bght
passing through the west window into the body of the church.
The church has no tower or spire, but there is a bell-turret
surmounted by a pinnacle at the west end of the nave, at the
junction with the south aisle. The first stone was laid on
the 17th of June, 1848, by his Royal Highness the Duke of
Cambridge, and the consecration took place on Monday the
24th of June, 1850, the ceremony being performed by the
Bishop of Winchester. The total cost was £5815.

Schools, with residence attached, were erected in 1841, at a
cost of £864. In 1850, the sum of £1920 was expended in
the erection of further schools.

The present incumbent is the Rev. J. S. Canney.

Eutee tin.
This church was erected in 1854-5. The site was given
by J. Cressingham, Esq., who also built the parsonage house.
The district is taken out of St. Luke's, Norwood, and St. Mat-
thew's, Brixton. The Rev. J.W.Watson, A.M., appointed in
1856, is the incumbent.

There are also in Lambeth, numerous chapels connected
with the various denominations of Dissenters.

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OF

Saint Parp, J8inht|,

VBOM

A.D. 1197 TO 1858,

;^HE living is a rectory, in the deanery of South-
wark, archdeaconry of Surrey, and diocese of
Winchester. In the Taxation of Pope Nicholas
(20th Edward I. anno 1292) it is valued at forty-
five marks, with the deduction of a pension to the Bishop of
Rochester, amounting to the sum of £3. 6«. %d.i a quitrent of
2«. M. to the Archbishop of Canterbury ; 2s. Id. for synodals,
and 7s. l^d. for procurations. In the King's Books it was
valued at £36.14^., leaving the clear proceeds, after the above
deductions, £32. lbs. 2id. The advowson was reserved by
the Countess Goda, when she and her husband save the manor
to the abbey of Waltham ; but it was afterwards given by the
Conqueror to the bishop and convent of Rochester, and con-
firmed by William Rufus. It was transferred with the manor
to Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury, on the exchange
made between him and the church of Rochester, as previously
noticed, in 1197, and it has remained with the archbishops
ever since.

The first rector on record is —

Gilbert de Glanvt/Ue, Consecrated Bishop of Rochester
Sept. 29, 1185, and was rector of Lambeth firom June 16,

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132 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

1197, till his death on June 24, 1214. He was a native of
Northumberland, and at one time chaplain to Archbishop
Becket. In the 5th & 6th of Ric. I. he was one of the Barons
of the Exchequer, in 1194 a Justice Itinerant in Kent, and
he subsequently became Lord Chief Justice of England.
There is a handsome monument to his memory in Rochester
Cathedral.

John de Eaton. Dec. 4, 1297. He was empowered by
Archbishop Winchelsey to receive the tenths of ecclesiastical
benefices granted for the war against the Scots.

Andrew de Brugge^ Ju. Civ. Prof. Instituted 15th calends
March, 1811.

John de Aulton. Feb. 27, 1812-18. Bishop of Winches-
ter. He died in 1820.

William de Drax, alias Draper. Nov. 10, 1820. He re-
signed on exchange for Haliwell, in the diocese of Lincoln.

John de Colonia. Nov. 5, 1885. His induction being dis-
puted on account of informality, as having been performed by
the bishop and not by the Archdeacon Inge, then under sen-
tence of ei^GommunioatioB, he W9s ^igain inducted by Arch-
deacon Vaughan, by mandate dated April 10, 1848.

I'homas deMesle, EUialee, or EUesley, Sen., ZL.B. 1857.
He was first Master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and
probably a native of a village of his name in that county. In
the charts of erection of that college he is styled rectc»* of
Lambeth. He was chaplain to Archbishop Stratford. He
had many other excellent preferments, and a large parental
estate. He died August 21, 1877, 50th Edward III., after
having governed Corpus Christi College for the space of
twenty years.

Thomas de Eltedeg, Jun. 7th ides of March, 1367. In
1358 he was rector of Blechley, in Bucks.

Richard WodeUmd. Presented to this living by Archbishop
Islip on the 17th calends of December, 1361 . The archbishop
also granted to him a commission to collect and receive the
profits of the spiritualities of the diocese of Norwich that
should accrue during the vacancy of the see. His will was
proved May, 1876.

Hugh de BuchenkuU. Presented to this rectory by the King
in February, 1876 ; but he afterwards exchanged for the rec-

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HI8T0BT 09 LAMBETH. 133

toiy and custody of the free ohapd of St Rodegond^ in the
cathedral church of St. Paul, London.

Nicholas SlakCy or Sellake. He was dean of St. Stephen's
Chapel, and one of the obnoxious ministers of Bichard 11.
In the year 1388, when the Duke of Gloucester and his con-
federates assumed the administration of the government, this
priest was numbered among " the suspected persons of the
King's court and family who were awarded to prison to answer
to the next Parliament." He was confined in Nottingham
Castle, but probably escaped capital punishment on account
of his being an ecclesiastic.

JPUlip Boggea. June 14, 1388; but resigned immediately
for Brasted, in Kent.

John Muce. Presented to the rectory by the archbishop^
June 16, 1388.

John Launce, Oct. 27, 1395, He resigned November 7,

1399, on exchange with Robert Rothberry, for Paddlesworth,
in the diocese of Rochester. He had been instituted to the
rectory of Ash, near Wrotham, in Kent, May 2, 1395, on the
presentation of John Radyngton, Prior of the Hospital of St.
John of Jerusalem; and on the 28th of July, 1397, he was
collated by William de Bottlesham, Bishop of Rochester, to
the rectory of Southfleet. He was made LL.B., and constituted
official to Bishop William de Bottleshamp, Oct. 13, 1397, and
vicar-general to his successor. Bishop J. Bottleshamp, Aug. 8,

1400, as also to the Archbishop of Canterbury, Sept. 14,
1404, on the vacancy of the see of Rochester by the death of
that prelate. In 14^)6, he was preferred to the prebend of
Firle,in Chichester Cathedral, and he occurs as prebendary of
St. David's in 1412.

Bobert Bothhery. Nov. 25, 1399. He resigned Oct. 13,
1408, on exchange with Robert Derby, for Newenden, in the
diocese of Canterbury.

Robert Derby. Oct. 13, 1408. He proposed an exchange
with Thomas Gordon for Wymondham, in the diocese of Lin-
coln; but this did not take place, as he made an exchange with
Henry Winchestre for Sandhurst, in the diocese of Canterbury,
some years afterwards.

Henry Winchestre. Oct. 14, 1413.

Thomas Benham. May 14, 1416; but resigned on exchange

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134 HISTORY OF LAMBETH,

with Roger Paternoster for the vicarage of Chedde, in the
diocese of Bath and Wells.

Roger Paternoster. May 14, 1416 ; resigned on exchange
with John Bury for the rectory of All Saints, Gracechurch-
street, London. In 1394, 17th Richard II., he was vicar of
Kensington.

John Bury. Oct. 25, 1419.

John Jerbert, or Jerebert. June 6, 1441, and in 1448; but
resigned in 1452>

Thomas Bggecomb. May 11, 1462. He resigned in 1461,
on exchange with Thomas, Mason for the mastership of St.
John's Hospital, Lichfield.

ThomasMason. June 9, 1461; but resigned in the same year,
on exchange with John Sugden for St. Swithin's, Worcester.

John Sugdeny or Sugdon, July 8, 1461. He died in 1471.

Henry y Bishop ofJoppa. April 4, 1471 ; but resigned in
1472.

Nicholas Btdlfynch. April 16, 1472, He resigned in 1473.

Thomas Alleyn, A.M. Nov. 5, 1473. He resigned in 1483.

Ambrose Payne. Jan. 6, 1483. He was chaplain to the
Lords Cardinals Bourchier and Morton. In the old Vestry
Book at Lambeth, Mr. Denne says that he is called Sir^
Ambrose Payne, and that he was a Bachelor of Music. He
resigned his living Jan. 22, 1527, on a pension of £30 per
annum, and died May 28, 1528.

Robert Chalner^ or Chaloner^ LL.D. Presented to the living
on the resignation of Payne, Jan. 27, 1527. He died in 1541.

John Wyttwell or Whytwell, B.D. April 7, 1541. He
was almoner and chaplain to Archbishop Cranmer, and was
buried at Lambeth March 21, 1560.

Thomas Hall. March, 1560, or April 1, 1561. He died
in March, 1562, and was interred the 19th of that month on
the north side of the chancel of Lambeth Church.

JoKn Byrchy or Bwrchall. June 23, 1562. He died in
October, 1563, and was interred on the 15th of that month
in the church.

John Pory, or Porie^ D.D. Presented to the rectory on

^ The derical application of the title of Sir came into use with us about
this period. Tyrwhitt says, that " the title of Sire was usually given by
courtesy to priests, both secular and regular." — Canterhury Tales, iii. 2S7.

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H18T0ET OF LAMBETH. 135

Nov. 5, 1563. Presented to the rectory of Landbeach on
Oct. 21, 1557, and elected Master of Corpus Christi College,
Cambridge, Dec. 10 following. Upon the deprivation of
Dr. Younge, Master of Pembroke Hall, in 1559, he was in-
stalled into his prebend of Canterbury Cathedral, whidi he
afterwards exchanged, 1667, for the seventh stall in West-
minster Abbey. He resigned the mastership on the Ist of
Tebruary, 1569, and the rectory of Lambeth a short time
before his death, which is supposed to have taken place in
1673. He translated, from the Latin the Description of
MricUy by John Leo, usually styled Leo AfricanuSy who wrote
in the early part of the sixteenth century, and of whose works
9 French translation was printed at Antwerp in 1556. Pory's
version appeared in 1600, with a dedication to Sir Robert
Cecil, afterwards Earl of Salisbury.

John Maichett. Presented to this living on the resignation
rf Poiy, July 10, 1570. He was rector of Thurgarton, in
N^orfolk, and chaplain to Archbishop Parker, whose executors
^aid £26. 18«. 4^. to redeem him from prison. He resigned
B 1573.

John Bungeyy M.A. Jan. 27, 1 573; but resigned in 1576.
lie married a niece of Archbishop Parker, and was his chap-
hin. He was entered of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge,
h 1550, elected fellow in 1557, and presented by the society
;o the rectory of Granchester 1561; collated by the archbishop
ID the fourth prebend in Canterbury Cathedral July 29, 1567;
ind instituted to the vicarage of Lewnham, in Kent, 28th of
Nfovember following. On a presentation from the archbishop
he had a grant of the advowson. The archbishop likewise
gave him the rectory of Chartham, near Canterbury. He was
a supervisor of the archbishop's will, who left him £10 for his
trouble. He died at Chartham, and is there buried. In the
church is a monument to his memory, but some of the dates
are incorrect.

Thomas Blage^ or Blague, B,D. April 26, 1 576. He was
chaplain to Archbishops Parker and Grindal ; in 1591, he was
installed dean of Rochester ; in 1 607, he was returned rector
of Lambeth, and died Oct. 11, 1611.

Francis Taylor, AM. Presented to this living by Arch-

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136 HISTOET OF LAMBBTH.

bishop Abbot in October or December, 1611. He was master
of the free school at Guildford, where he had edncated Arch-
bishop Abbot, his brother Robert, Bishop of Salisbiuy, and
Sir Maurice Abbot, Lord Mayor of London, 1638. He diel
in October, 1618.

Daniel Featlye^ Featley^ or Fairchughy D.D. Presented '-o
this living on February 6, 1618. He was the son of Joba
Featley, by Marian Thnft his wife, and was bom on the 15ih
of March, 1582, at Charlton-upon-Otmore, near Oxford; bat
was descended from a Lancashire family named Fairdougl^
which he changed to Featley, to the great displeasure of Us
nephew, who wrote an account of his life. He was educated
at Corpus Christi College, Oxon, where he soon became em-
nent for his learning and controversial talents in divinity, ii
1610-1612, he was in attendance on Sir Thomas Edmond,
the King's minister at the court of France. He had the rec-
tory of Northhill, in Cornwall, which he resigned on bein^
presented to Lambeth in 1619. Many of his sermons art
printed, amongst which are several at the consecrations o
bishops. He died April 17, 1645, and was buried, by hi
own desire, in the chancel of Lambeth Church on the 21st a
the same month. Attm : a lion rampant, sable, between threi
fleurs-de-lys. Crest: a Uon rampant, sable, holding a fleur
de-lys between his paws. He was imprisoned by the ParUa
mentary party for his refusal to assent to the solemn leagui
and covenant, and for his correspondence with Archbishop
Usher, who was with the King at Oxford. Though a C^ vinisi
in principle, he was a strong upholder of the English Church,
which he defended by preaching and writing, as weU i^nsi
the Protestant sectaries as the Romanists. His Clams Mystica,
&c., " handled in 70 sermons,'* was pubUshed in 4to, in 1636,
but is now but little known. The publication for which he
is chiefly remembered is intituled Kura fiwxri^rcu Kecretrrvw :
the Dippers dipt, ducked, and plunged over Head and Ears,
at a Disputation in Southwarh. In this work, which was
written during his imprisonment, and printed in the year oi
his decease, he attacks the Anabaptists both by ridicule and
argument. A portrait of the author, with a singular design
for a sq)ulchral monument to his memory, is attached to it.

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..J

HISTORY Of LAMBBTH. 187

It was reprinted in 1660, but with an altered title, and a
frontispiece representing the manner of dipping Anabaptist
proselytes.

JoAn White was in possession of this living on the depriva-
tion of Featley in 1643, and died in 1648. He was com-
monly called the Patriarch of Dorchester, to which place he
went on leaving Lambeth.

John Bawlinson. 1650. In 1663 he was removed for non-
conformity, and died at Wantage, Berks.

George Wylde, LL.JD.y was inducted by presentation of the
King, June 22, 1660, but did not receive the profits ; and he
was afterwards mad6 Bishop of Londonderry.

Bohert Pory, D.D. 1663. He was of Christ College,
Cambridge, and in 1660 created Doctor of Divinity by royal
mandate.

Thomas Tompkyna, B.D. Nov. 13, 1669. He was the son
of John Tompkyns, organist of St. Paul's, and grandson of
Thomas Tompkyns, an eminent organist and musician to King
Charles I. ; of Baliol College, Oxford, 1651 (aetat 13); Fellow
of All Souls, 1657; D.D.,1673. He was chaplain to Arch-
bishop Sheldon, by whom he was collated to the rectory of
St. Mary Aldermary, which he resigned in 1669, being removed
to the rectory of Lambeth, and Monks Risborough, Bucks.
In that year he was installed Chancellor of Exeter Cathedral,
and in the same month elected cianon residentiary of that
church. As chaplain to the archbishop he was to examiae
books for license, and, unfortunately, Milton a Paradise Lost
was submitted to him. He thought he discovered treason in
the simile, in the first book, of the sun in an eclipse, and
refused the imprimature, for which he has been severely
censured. He died at Exeter, August 20, 1675, aged thirty-
seven.

Georffe Hooper, D.D. Oct. 5, 1676. He was the son of
John Hooper, gent., and bom at Grimley, Worcestershire,
Nov. 18, 1640. He was elected from Westminster School,
a student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1667, where he took his
degree of D.D. in 1677. In 1672, he became fellow-<5haplain
with Dr. Ken, to Morley, Bishop of Winchester, who collated
him to the rectory of Havant, in Hampshire, which, the

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188 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

eitaation being unhealthy, he resigned for the rectory of East
Woodhay, in the same county. He was chaplain to Arch-
bishop Sheldon, who presented him to the rectory of Lambeth.
In 1685, by the King's command, he attended the Duke of
Monmouth, both the evening before and the day of his exe-
cution, when the unhappy Duke assured him, '* he had made
his peace with God:"' tne nature of which persuasion Dr.
Hooper solemnly entreated him to consider well, and then
waited on him in his last moments. He was patronised by
the Princess of Orange, who made him her almoner, and when
Queen, in 1691, made him Dean of Canterbury, as successor
to Dr. Sharp. In 1703, soon after the accession of Queen
Anne, he was nominated to the bishopric of St. Asaph, when
he resigned the rectory of Lambeth. In March, 1704, he
became Bishop of Bath and Wells. He died Sept. 6, 1727, at
Berkeley, near Frome, Somerset, aged eighty-seven years, and
was buried at his own request in Wells Cathedrcd. There
is a monumeot in Lambeth Church for seven of his children.
Bishop Hooper published several works in defence of the
Church of England, which, with a learned treatise on Ancient
Coins, We^hts, and Measures, and other pieces, were repub-
lished at Oxford, 1757, folio.

Edmund Gibson, D.D. Nov. 17, 1708. He was bom at
Bampton, in Westmoreland, in 1669. He entered as a scholar
at Queen's College, Oxford, in 1686 ; and while there, devoted
himself to the study of Anglo-Saxon antiquities, in which he
was assisted by the learned Dr. George Hicks. He pubUshed
an edition of the Sawon Chronicle, with a Latin translation, in
1692; and in 1694, appealed his translation of Camden's
Britannia, with additions. His great work was the Codes^
Juris JSccUsiastici, which was published 1718. He also pub-
lished many tracts in defence of high-church principles, and
his pastoral letters in defence of Christianity have often been
reprinted. He was raised to the bishopric of Lincoln in 1715,
vacant by the translation of Dr. Wake to Canterbury. On the
death of Dr. Robinson in 1720, he succeeded as Bishop of
London, and he presided over that diocese twenty-eight years,
dying Sept. 6, 1748.

Richard Idietaon, I),D. Sept. 30, 1717, by the King, on

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BISTORT OP LAMBETH. 189

Gibson being made Bishop of Lincoln. He was a native of
Yorkshire ; of Oriel College, Oxford, of which he was after-
wards fellow; chaplain to Archbishop Tennison, who conferred
on him the Lambeth degree of D.D. He died Sept. 2, 1781,
at Canterbury, and is buried in the cathedral.

John Denne, D.D. Nov. 27, 1731. He was archdeacon of
Rochester, to which is annexed the sixth prebend in that
church ; rector of St. Margaret's, Rochester- ; and vicar of St.
Leonard's, Shoreditch; he was also chaplain to Bishop Bradford,
whose daughter he married. He died at Rochester Aug. 6,
1767, aged 74, and was buried in the cathedral there.

BeilSy Porteus, D.D. 1767. Dr. Porteus's parents were
natives of Virginia, North America, whence they removed into
England, and settled at York in 1720. Beilby was the
youngest of nineteen children, and was bom at York, May 8,
1731. At the age of thirteen he was placed under the care of
Mr. Hyde, of Ripon, whence he removed to Cambridge, and was
admitted a sizer of Christ's College, where he distinguished
himself by a Seatonian prize poem on Death, in 1767. He
married in 1765, the eldest daughter of Bryan Hodson, Esq.
He was domestic chaplain to Archbishop Seeker, whose life he
published, having been editor of his works in conjunction
with his other chaplain. Dr. Stinton. He became Bishop of
Chester in 1776; and in 1787, succeeded Dr. Louth in the
bishopric of London. He was long distinguished for his
eloquence in the pulpit, and for thirty years, as Bishop of
London, seduously and conscientiously performed the duties
of his station. He was the principal founder of the Sunday
Schools, and to his advice and assistance may be ascribed
their general formation in the diocese of London. He died
at Fulham, May 14, 1808, and was buried in the church of
Sundridge, Kent. His works were published collectively, with
an account of his life, by his nephew, the Rev. Robert Hodson,
in six volumes 8vo. 1823.

William Fyse, LL.D. 1777. He was the grandson of Dr.
Smallbrook, successively Bishop of St. David's and Lichfield
and Coventry, and was educated at All Souls' College, Oxford.
He was domestic chaplain to Archbishop Comwallis in 1771.
In 1772, he took the degree of B.C.L.,and in 1774 that of

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140 HISTORY 09 LAMBETH.

LL,D. He died At Lambeth, Feb. 20, 1816, aged seventy-five,
and was buried at Sundridge, Kent, of which place he was
also rector.

Christopher Wordsworth, D.D. 1816. Appointed Master
of Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1820 ; and in the same year
exchanged Lambeth and Sundridge for Buxted, in Sussex,
with Dr. D'Oyly. He was the author of A Journal of a
Residence in Athens and Attica, and a History of Greece, pub-
lished in 1840.

George IffOyly, D.D. This pious and excellent divine was
bom Oct. 81, 1778. He was fourth son of the Rev. Matthias
D'Oyly, grandson of Thomas D'Oyly, D.D., .Archdeacon of
Lewes, and brother of the late Sir John D'Oyly, Bart., of Sir
Francis D'Oyly, K.C.B., slain at Waterloo, and of Mr. Serjeant
D'Oyly. He was educated at Cambridge, where he obtained
the distinguished degree of second wrangler. In 1810, he
became chaplain in ordinary to Geoi^e the Third; in 1811,
Christian advocate at Cambridge; and in 1813, one of the
examming chaplains of the late Archbishop of Canterbury, by
whom he was collated, in 1816, to the vicarage of Heme-hill,
Kent. This preferment he vacated before a twelvemonth had
expired, and was inducted to the rectory of Buxted, Sussex, on
the death of his father. In 1820, he was appointed rector of
this parish, and of Sundridge, in Kent. There was scarcely a
charitable or scientific institution in the metropolis which Dr.
D'Oyly did not in some way or other serve ; and to his sug-
gestions may be ascribed the foundation of King's College,
London. In theological literature his labours were most im-
portant ; and his contributions to the Quarterly Beview, his
Life of ArcUnshop Bancroft, and his splendid edition of the
Bible, undertaken in conjunction with the Rev. Richard Mant,
D.D., afterwards Bishop of Down and Connor, will not fail
to render his name fi&miliar and respected by the religious
student. Dr. D'Oyly married, 9th of August, 1813, Maria
Frances, daughter of William Bruene, Esq., of London, and
left issue. He died January 8, 1846. A handsome monu-
ment was erected to his memory in Lambeth Church ; and
in the chapel of King's College, Ijondon, is a mural tablet of
white marble, bearing the following inscription :-—

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 141

This Tablet

Commemorates the Eminent Services of

the late

Gbobgb D'Oylt, D.D.,

Hector of Lambeth.

Being persuaded of the necessity of an Institution

Adapted to the growing wants of

the youth of this country,

which would combine instruction

in all the branches of Literature and Science

with the sound religious teaching

prescribed by the Apostolical Church

of these Bealms,

He devoted his best energies to the task

of carrying the plan into effect,

and saw his efforts crowned with success

in the foundation of

King's College, London.

Erected by the Council mdccgxlvi.

Charles Brown Bolton^ AM. Febraary, 1846. He is now
the rector of Highgate.

John F. Lingham^ AM. 1 854. Domestic chaplain to Lord
Londesborough.

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SEtoirammts rniir (^pi^\&.

^HE monuments were shifted, on the church being re-
built, from the positions which they originally occupied.
Many of the more ancient inscriptions recorded by
Aubrey have long since been taken away or destroyed. A
selection is here giyen of those relating to families of rank, or
otherwise distinguished.

Archbishop Parker.

Round the edge of a large gravestone, now partly hid by
the staircase, is inscribed : —

Hie jacet Margarita castissima & integerrima

Conjux quondam Matthaei Archiepisoopi
Cantuarien que obiit 17 August, a.b. 1670.

And on the inside of the same stone —

Hie jacet Matthaeus Parker,

Altei^onum D'ni Matthei

& Margarets Parker, qui obiit

A.n. 1521, die 28 Sept. eetat 21.

Archbishop Bancroft.
Within the altar-rails, on a spacious slab, at the upper «nd

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144 HISTORY OF LAMBETH. «

of which are Canterbury impaling Bancroft, and at the base
Bancroft singly ; also London impaling Bancroft.

Hie jaoet Eighabdus Bancboft,

S. Theologise Professor,

E'pus Londinensis Frimo

Deinde Cantuariensis

Arehiep'us, & Begi Jacobo

a secretioribus oonsiliis ;

obiit 2 Novemb.

A.D'nil610;

iEitatis suse 67.

Arms. — On a bend cotized between euv cross crosdetSy three
garbs.

Archbishop Tenison and Wife.

In the middle of the chancel, on a blue slab, is inscribed: —

Here lyeth

The body of Ahne, late wife

of Thomas Lord Archbishop of

Cantebbubt.

She departed this life on

the XII of February, mdccxiv-xt.

AUo

Here lyeth the body

of Thomas Tenison, late

Archbishop of Cantebbubt,

who departed this life in peace

on the xiY day of December,

MDCCXY.

Thomas Tenison was son of the Rev. John Tenison, B.D.,
rector of Maundesley, county of Norfolk, by Mary, daughter of
Thomas Dawson, of Cottenham, county of Cambridge, at which
place he was bom Sept. 29, 1636. He married, circa 1667,
Anne, daughter of Dr. Richard Love, some time Master of
Benet College. In 1685, he attended the unfortunate Duke
of Monmouth at the time of his execution. He died at his
palace at Lambeth in the seventy-ninth year of his age, be-
queathing by his will a very large sum to charitable purposes.

Archbishop Secksr.

In the passage leading from the church to the palace, on a
large slab : —

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't^

HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 145

Thomas Sbgksb,

Archbishop of Canterbury,

died Aug. 8, 1768, aged 75.

He was bom at Sibthorpe, in the county of Nottingham, in
1693, and was educated, first, at a school in Chesterfield, in
the county of Derby, which he left in 1703 ; and afterwards
at a Dissenting academy in Yorkshire, whence he proceeded
to Exeter College, Oxford.

Archbishop Cobnwallis.

In Leigh's Chapel, on a handsome monument, is the fol-
lowing inscription; placed in the centre of a shield containing
the arms of th^^ee of Canterbury impaling Sable, gutte d'eau
on a /ess ofihe last, three Cornish choughs proper: —

Feed*. Cobnwallis,
Abohiep. Cantuab. hdgglxyiii.
ob^. xix mabt. a.d. mpcglxxxiii.

^T. LXX.

He was the seventh son of Charles, fourth Baron Comwallis;
educated at Eton. He took his degree of A.B., 1736, and
S.T.P. in 1748 ; afterwards Fellow of Christ's College, Cam-
bridge, chaplain to his late Majesty, a canon of Windsor, and
consecrated Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry 1749; appointed
dean of St. Paul's 1766; elevated to the archbishopric of Can-
terbury 1768. His grace married, 1759, Caroline, daughter
of William Townshend, Esq. (third son of Charles, second
Viscount Townshend), but had no issue.

Emilia Williams.
On a neat marble tablet, on the same side of the chapel : —

To the memory of

Emilia,

Daughter of the late William Williams of

Teniby, in the county of Pembroke^ Esq.,

and a lineal Descendant from

RoBBBT Fbbbab, Bishop of St. Daimd\

who suffered Martyrdom in defence

of the

Protestant Iteliffion,

A.P. 1535.

She departed this life on the 26th day of

December, 1793, aged 51 years.

10

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146 history op lambeth.

Bishop Hutton.
Above the last is a beautiful monument to the memory of
Archbishop Hutton, of a pyramidal form, in white and veined
marble, surmounted with an urn and coat of arms : it contains
the following inscription : —

Infra oondvntvr reliqviee

Matthabi Hvtton, S.T.P.,

Episcopi Bangorensis, a.i>. MDCOXun.

Deinde Archiepiscopi Eboracensis mdcoxlyii.

Tandem Cantvariensis mdcclyii.

Qui obiit xix Martii, mdcclyiii.

.^tatifi 8T» LXY.

et Biariae yxoris eivs.

Quae obiit xiii Maii, a.d. mdgclxxix.

iBtatifl suae lxxxyi.

Dvabvs relictis filiis

Qyae pietatis eigo monvmentvm.

Hoc Ytriqve parenti posverynt,

A.D. MDCCLXXXI.

He was of Jesus College, Cambridge, where he took his
degrees of B.A. 1713, M.A. 1717; and at Christ's CoDege
the degree of 8.T.P. Com. Reg. 1728. He was appointed
prebendary of York, and, in 1739, prebendaiy of Westminster.
His other preferments chiefly followed those of Archbishop
Herring. He was elected to the see of Bangor in 1 743, on
Herring's promotion to York, and translated to York on his
predecessors translation to Canterbury in 1747; and upon
his death, in 1757, succeeded him in that high episcopal office,
which he did not long enjoy, dying the succeeding year.

Arms. — Canterbury y impaling Hutton y GuleSyOn a/ess between
three woolpack% Argent ^ tasselled Or^ as many fleura-de-lya of
thefield.

William Suthes.

On a small black marble monument, enchased in white, is
the following inscription : —

Here lyed, four foote

Distant from this wall,

The body of William Svthes,

Gent., a man adorned with the

Gifts of Grace, Art, and Nature : by

Grace he was religious^and charitable ;

By Art he was in masbnry exquisite ;

By Nature he was humane and
Affable. He by God's appointment

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/

«^

HISTORY OP LAMBETH. 147

Changed his mortal life of misery

For a glorious immortality, on the 5th

of October, 1625. His sorrowful and

Grateful wife, Mistress Anne Suthes, as

a loyal testimonie of hir love to hir

Deceased hvsband, cavsed this

Monvment to be erected for an exemplary

of his worthiness and hir affection.
He was Master Mason of Windsor Castle,

a Citizen and Goldsmith of London ;

and an Assistant of the said worshipMl

Company. He left three sons towardly and

Hopeful, to be each of them the

Imitators of their father's vertues, John,

James, and Matthew, and herein the reader

may see exprest the goodness of the
Deceased Husband and the thankfulness of a
surviving Wife.
He now sings praise among the heavenly host.
To God the Father, Sonn, and Holy Ghost.

Arms. — Sahle^ on a bendy between three cotizes Argent^ three
martlets Gvles^ impaling barry of eighty Or and Sable^ three
escocheons Ermine.

On a white marble slab : —

In the vavlt underneath lyeth interred the body of Eichabd Lawrence,
of this parish, mar'., and one of y® members of the Levant Company, who
married Joanna Stephyns, y* relitit of Mr. Henky Stephens, by whom
he had issue three children, viz., two sons and one daughter. He departed
this life y« 8th day of October, Ano. D'ni. 1661, aged 53 yeares.
Absalom had no sons, and he built him a pillar.

Abms. — A cross ragtdg^ impaling three btfchles mascle/ashion.
He fouuded the charity school for twenty boys in the
Marsh Liberty.

Bishop Thirlebyb.
On another slab was formerly the following (brass) inscrip-
tion : —

Hie jacet Thomas Thislsbye olim
Ep'us Ellen,' quiob. 26, anno Domini 1570.

Henry VIII. designed to make a cathedral church at West-
minster, and accordingly gave a conge d'elire to that chapter,
in favour of Thomas Thirlebye, LL.D., who was the first as
well as the last bishop of that see. He was consecrated on
Dec. 19, 1543; but was translated to Norwich in the reign
of Edward VI., 1550, and was afterwards removed to Ely by

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148 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

Queen Mary, 1654, who made him one of her privy council.
Upon her death, as be obstinately refused to comply with the
plan of reformation set on foot by Queen Elizabeth, he was
imprisoned in the Tower, and deprived of his see by act of
Parliament, 1559. He was not, however, kept there very long ;
but, by means of his friends, obtained permission from the
Queen to reside with Archbishop Parker, with Boxall, who
had been his secretary, and Dr. Tunstall, Bishop of Durham,
who had been also lately deprived, where he continued till
his death, Aug. 26, 1570.

During his last illness he was desirous of removing from
Lambeth Palace to some of his own friends ; and Archbishop
Parker kindly wrote to William Cecil to obtain his wish,^ but
before an answer was received he expired.

His burial is thus entered in the parish registers : —

"1570. Auguste the xxviii daie, buried Mr. Thomas
Thirleby, Doctor of the Civill Lawe, borne in Cambridge, and
student; som tyme Bishop of Westm', and afterward J3. of
Norwich, and in Q. Marie's daies Bishop of Elye, who, in the
tyme of the noble Kinge Edwarde, professed the truthe of
the holly Gospell, and afterwards in the tyme of Quene .Mary
returned to Papistry, and so contynued in the same to his
ende, and died the Queue's Majestie's prisoner within my
L. Grace's house at Lcunbith."

On opening the grave for the interment of Archbishop Com-
wallis, in March, 1783, a stout leaden coffin was discovered,
six feet six inches long, one foot eight inches wide, and but
nine inches deep, in which had been deposited the remains of
Bishop Thirlebye. The coffin was in shape something like a
horse-trough, and had the appearance of never having been
covered with wood, the earth around it being perfectly dry
and crumbUng. By the ill-judged officiousness of the grave-
digger, who had accidentally struck his pickaxe into it, and
afterwards enlarged the hole, the discovery became so public,
that the church was crowded before the matter was known to
the proper officers, and before such observations could be
made as the curiosity of the subject deserved. The principal
circumstances that occurred were, that the body, which was
wrapped in fine linen, was moist, and had evidently been pre-

^ Lemon's Siaie Papers.

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 149

served in some species of pickle, which still retained a volatile
smell, not unlike that of hartshorn ; the flesh was preserved,
and had the appearance of a mummy ; the face was perfect,
and the Umbs flexible ; the beard of a remarkable length, and
beautifully white. The linen and woollen garments were all
well preserved. The cap, which was of silk, and adorned with
point lace, had probably been black, but the colour was dis-
charged; it was in fashion like that represented in the
pictures of Archbishop Juxon. A slouched hat, with strings
fastened to it, was under the left arm. There was also a
cassock so fastened as to appear like an apron with strings,
and several small pieces of the bishop's garments, which had
the appearance of a pilgrim's habit. The above curious par-
ticulars were communicated to Dr. Vyse, who directed every
part to be properly replaced in the coffin. The remains of
Archbishop Cornwallis were afterwards deposited in an adjoin-
ing grave, which has since been properly covered over with an
arch of brick.

Bishop Tunstall.

On a brass plate (long removed) beneath the communion-
table, was the following epitaph for Cuthbert Tonstall, Bishop
of Durham, written by the celebrated scholar and critic Walter
Haddon, and printed by Aubrey : —

Anglia Cothbebtum Tunbtallum moesta requirit,

Cujus summa domi laus erat atque foris,
Rhetor, arithmeticus, jurisconsultus, et sequi

Legatusque fiiit ; denique presul erat ;
Annorum satur, et magnorum plenus honorum,

Vertitur in cineres aureus iste senex.
Vixit annos 85 : obiit 18 Novemb. 1559.

Cuthbert Tonstal, or Tunstall, was descended from an illus-
trious family, and was a man of talent and learning. He was
raised to the bishopric of London in 1522; and in 1530
translated to that of Durl\^am. Though — like Lee, Gardiner,
Bonner, and some other prelates — he repudiated the political
authority of the Pope in the reign of Henry VIIL, yet he
steadfastly opposed the alterations which took place in the
constitution of the Church of England during the minority of
Edward VI. For this he was deprived of his episcopal dig-
nity, and threatened with still harsher treatment had not
Cranmer, highly to his credit, opposed the proceedings of the

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150 HISTOBT OF LAMBETH.

bishop's enemies. He was restored to his see on the accession
of Queen Mary, but was a second time deprived after Queen
Elizabeth ascended the throne, from which time he resided as
a kind of prisoner at large in the family of Archbishop Parker
at Lambeth.

Robert Scott.

There is a white and black marble monument to the me-
mory of Robert Scott, Esq. In the centre is his bust, well
executed and painted, surrounded with artillery and trophy
work in basso relievo. On a tablet beneath is the following
inscription : —

Nere to this place lyeth interred the body of Bobebt Scott, Esq'., de-
scended of the ancient Barrons of Bawebie, in Scotland. He bent himselfe
to travell, and stvdie mych, and amongst many other thinges, he inyented the
leather ordnance, and carried to the Kinge of Sweden 200 men, who, after
two yeares service for his worth and walour, was p'ferred to the office of
Qvaiter M' Generall of his Ma^ army, w^^ he possessed 3 yeares; from thence
w*** his favovr he went into Denmarke (where he was advanced to be Gen'all
of that King's artillerie) theire beinge advised to tender his service to his owne
Prince, w^^ he doing his Maj*^ wiUinglie accepted & p'fered him to be one of
y* gent, of his most honorable Prjvie Chamber, & rewarded him with a pen-
sion of 600Z. p' an'vm (this deserving spirit adorned with all endowments
befitting a gentleman) in the prime of his fioTrishinge age svrrendred his sovle
tOthis Bedeemer, 1631.

Of his greate worth to knowe who seeketh more
Mvst movnt to Heaven where he is gone before.
In Fravnce he tooke to wife Anne Scott, for whose remembrance shee lovingelie
erected this memoriall.

Arms. — Or, three lions heads erased Gules, impaling Vert,
a greyhound springing Argent. Crest : A lions head erased.

Hon. Cuthbert Morlet.

On a beautiful monument of white marble, ornamented with

cherubs, fruit, flowers, &c., is the following inscription : —

Near this place

Lye interr'd in the same Grave

the Bodies of the Hon**** Colonel Cuthbebt Moblet,

who was buried on the SOth of June, 1669.

And of the Hon"® Bernabb Granville, Esq'., who espoused Ann, the

Dau. and Heiress of y« said Cuthbert, and dy d y* 14th June, 1701, aged

71 years.

As also of y« Hon"* Ann Granville, Relict of y' said Bernard Granville,

and daughter to y^ said Cuthbert Morlet, by Catherine, daughter

to Francis Earl of Scarsdale, who dy'd y« 20th Sept. following, 1701.

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HISTOEY OF LAMB£TH. 151

Hicjuxta n^ortales depomdi esBumaa Bsbnabdus Gbanyille,

InchfU Herois Bevilii Geanville,

Qui ad ZamdowH in agro Someraetemi

Begi€L8 tuendo partes fortiter occubuit Mlius;

JoHANNis Comitis Bathonia Frater :

Nee non Serenissimo Principi Carolo Secundo a Camera,

(hi tunc temporia exulawti Prima BeditiU au^icatisaimi omina

Felix Nuncim apportamt,

Uxorem dimt Abmani Filiam unicam ac Haredem

CuTHBEBTi MoBLEY de Normanby in Agro Ebor.

Ex Cathebina Ebancisgi Comitis de Scarsdale lUid,

Quam Annam Fiduam inconsolabilem, pra pio dolore optumi conjugie,

cum quo hicfortitur Tumulum, non dm mperstitem reliquit.

Hoc cum GuTHBEBTO, Oivili grasaante Bello,

Regij Juris Assertore sirenuissimo, sortisque dilapsa fidisdmo comite

Amores ergo in conjugem ac socerum hie se recondijussit,

FxpraiUctis Nuptiis suscepit sobolem^

Beviliuh, Geobgium, Bebnabdum, Aj^nam^ ac Elizabeth am,

In quorum Indole Firtutis Fatema supersunt Festigia.

Diem ob. Supr, Jun. Quart, Dec,

Anm Mil. Sept, Prima,

iEltatis Lxxi.

Arms. — Buby^ three clarions Topaz, impeding Diamond, a
leopard's face Pearl jessant, ajleur-delys Topaz.

Cheistophbr Woemall, Gent.

On a handsome monument in the south gallery, ornamented

with a shield, and at the base a skull : —

Neere vnder this place lyeth bviyed

the Bodyes of Chbistopheb Wobmall,

Late of this Parish of Lambeth, gent.

aged 84 yeares ; Hee departed this

Life the 12th day of Jvly, Ann^ D'm 1639 ;

And alsoe of Milligent Wobmall,

His second wife, aged 62 yeares ; shee

Departed this Life the 28th day of

September, Ann® D'm. 1645, by whom

He had issue tenne children, viz.

2. ElCHABB. 1. MiLLICENT.

3. Chbistopheb. ^^ sensuum, 5. Maboabbt.

nunc vermium 7. Anne.

.4. William. domicilium. 8. Elizabeth.

6. Eobebt. 9. Mabgabett.

10. Maby.
I December | 17th Anno | Vermis et non homo | D'ni | 1650 | .

Arms. — On a chief indented, three lions rampant guardant,
impaling a lion rampant crowned with an eastern crown.

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152 history of lambsth.

Thomas Glebe.

On the north of the chancel, on a flat stone, is the figure
of a man in armour, engraved on a brass plate, with the arms
of Clere. Over it was formerly a tablet, with the following
epitaph written by the celebrated Earl of Surrey : —
Epitaphium Thoils Clbbe, qui

fato fimctus est 1545, auotore

Henkico Howabd, oomite Sorry,

in cigus felidB ingenii specimeii, &

singolariB facondise argamentum,

appensa fuit hsec tabala per

W. HowASD, Mum Thorns nuper

Duds Norfoldensis, filii ejusdem

HxNBici comitis.

Norfolke sprung thee, Lambeth holds thee dead,

Clere of the county of Cleremont thou hight !
Within the wombe of Ormond's race thou bred,

And sawest thy cosin crowned in thy sight.
Shelton, for love, Surrey for lord thou chase.

Aye me ! while life did last, that league was tender.
Tracing whose steps thou sawest Kelsall blase,

Laundersey burnt, and batter'd Bulleyn render
At Muttrell gates, hopeless of ail recure,

Thine Earle, hfdfe dead, gave in thy hand his will.
Which cause ^d thee this pining death procure.

Ere summers four times seven thou could fulfill.
Aye, Clere, if love had booted care or cost.

Heaven had not wonne, nor earth so timely lost.

Arms. — Quarterly^first and/ourth, a /ess charged with three
eaglets displayed; second and third; a cross moline, a crescent
for difference.

Ladt Howard.

On a slab inlaid are the engraven effigies, in brass, of a
lady in her mantle of estate, whereon are the arms and quar-
terings of Howard : Ist, on a bend, between six cross cross-
lets fitchee, an escutcheon, thereon a demi-lion pierced through
the mouth with an arrow, within a double tressure counter-
flowered ; 2ndly, three lions passant-guardant, in chief a file
of three points ; Srdly, a lion rampant ; 4thly, checquee, im-
paling, 1, a chevron between three mullets ; 2, on a chevron
three fleurs-de-lys ; 8, on a cross five escallops; lastly, two
lions passant-guardant. At the feet of the lady a squirrel.
The remains of a Gothic canopy, and several labels, are to be

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 153

traced upon the stone, to which was formerly affixed the
following inscription : —

Here lyeth Kathebine Howabd^

one of the Sisters and Heires q/* John Bboughton, Esq,^

Son and Heire of John Bboughton, Esq,,

and late IFjfe of the Lord Willm. Howabd,

one of the eonnea of the Right High and Mighty

Prince Lord Thomas late Duke of

Norfolke, High Treasurer and Earl

Marshal qf England ; which Lord William and Lady

Oathebine left issue bettoeen them,

hmfuUy begotten, Agnes Howabd, the only

Daughter and Heir; which said Lady Gathebine

deceased the xiii day of AprUl,
Anno D'ni mcccgcxxxv, whose soule Jesu pardon.

This lady, with her husband, was indicted for concealing
the misdemeanors of her namesake Queen Catherine Howard,
for which they were sentenced by King Henry VHL to per-
petual imprisonment, but were afterwards pardoned.

Dr. Thompson.

On the opposite side of the chancel, on a large slab of blue
marble, ornamented with a coat of arms deeply engraven, is
the following : —

M.S.

Eobebtvs Thompson, LL.D.,

Heverendissimis in ChriBto Patribus

GiLBEBTO & GyILHELMO,

Archiepiscopis Cantuariensibus

nuper ^ secretis.

J. C*" peritissimus servus optimus,

Eruditione non vnlgari,

Benignitate morum suavissimll,

Amidtia strictissim^

Yitffiq. Integritate smnm^ spectabilis,

Heic quod Mortale deposuit

Mensis Eebruanj die 8^,

Anno MtfR Christianse, mdclxxxiii.

^tat. 42.

Aems. — Party per f 688 counterchanged between three fcdcons
clo8e.

On a like slab : —

/

I

I
\

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154

HIBTORT OF LAMBSTH.

MiLO Smith,

Beverendianmi in Christo Fairis,

Ac

Dom. Dom. Gilbxbti,

Archiep'a'pi CmU,

Secretariu8,

hicjacet

Om nmo die Febr, Af^ Ifni 1671.

Abms

r08€8

^A cAevron between two couple closes between three

He was secretary to Archbishop Sheldon^ and wrote a
practical paraphrase on the Psalms.

Alexander Pillfold and Ricuabj) Summersell.
On the floor of the church, near the west door : —

In memoiy of

Alexander Pillfold, of this Parisli,

who departed this life 29 October, 1769,

Aged 39 years,

and four of his children, who died

in their infancy.

EiCHABD Sumhebsell, of this Parish,

who departed this Life 16 No?ember, 1772,

aged 62 years.

Elizabeth Sumhebsell, wife of the before

mentioned Bichabd Sumhebsell,

who departed this Life ^6 April, 1778,

aged 66 years.

And seven of their children, who died

in their infancy.

Alexandeb Pillpold, son of the before

mentioned Alexander Pillfold,
who departed this Life 12 October, 1796,

aged 32 years. '

Eliz". Pillfold, who died 15 Feb^. j

1815, in the 80th year of her age, (

widow of the first named »

Alex*. Pillfold, and daughter

of RiGH^. and Eliz^. Sumhebsell,

and mother of the last mentioned

Alex*. Pillfold.

Respecting this family, there is rather a curious [history.
The great-grandfather of Mr. Richard Summersell wrote his
name Summersett, or Somerset^ and was immediately des^nded

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 155

from Henry Somerset, created Duke of Beaufort, Dec, 2, 1682.
He took an active part in favour of King Charles against
Cromwell during the Civil War, a detachment of whose forces
attacked him in his own mansion-house in the West of Eng-
land, which Somerset defended until the house was taken by
storm, when the victors hanged him and sixteen servants.
His children, being two sons and a daughter, were suffered to
escape : they soon parted, and never after heard of each other.
The eldest, aged thirteen, came to London, altered his name
to Sumeraelly though he and his son Johuy and also his grand-
son, the above Richard, always made a line over the two //'s
to keep up some remembrance of Summerse//, and, being in
great distress, went to sea, and was much at St. Kitt's, in the
West Indies, where at the commencement of the present cen-
tury many of his descendants lived. When he was seventy
years old he returned and settled at Rotherhithe, and after-
wards died at Greenwich Hospital. He left a son in England,
John, who taught a school in Lambeth, and was the second or
third master of the boys' charity school, was afterwards made
vestry-clerk there, and bailiff of the manor of Kennington, in
which he continued till his death, which happened in 1732, his
only son, Richard Summersell, immediately succeeding him in
all his offices. He married Elizabeth Rock, and, some time
after, was made bailiff of the manors of VauxhaJl, Lambeth,
and Walworth, surveyor of the parish roads, also surveyor to
Thrale's Brewery, all which he retained till his ,death. He
always used the arms of the present Duke of Beaufort, with
an esquire's helmet and a leopard crest.

Thomas Theobald.

On a neat marble monument, is the following inscrip-
tion : —

In memoTj of Thos. Theobald, Merch*, eldest son of Petbb Theobald,
of Larnbeth, who marri'd Martha, daughter of Thos. Tubneb, of Lincoln's
Inn, Esq., by whom he had issue 1 Son and 3 Daughters, who, after 6 voyages
to India, k 10 years' residence there, returned 20th July, 1721, & amidst y*
gratulations of his friends resign'd to death y* 9th Septem' following. In all
Stations of Life he behav'd like an Honest man & a good Christian, & has
left y* memory of his Virtues to be admired & imitated by all.

Arms. — Gules, aiw cross crossletsfitchee^ three, two, and one,
Or, impaling Ermines, on a cross quarter pierced Argent, four

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156 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

fer-de-moulins Sable. Crest : On a torce^ a phcmix Azwre^
beaked Or, mcrijicing itself proper.
On another : —

Sacred to the memory of Jane, the wife of John Asfinall, Esq., of
Standen, in the co, (/Lancaster (and sole niece of Thos. Walshman, Eaq.^
M,D,, qfthis Parish). She died at South Lambeth, Nov. 20, 1821, aged
34 years, regretted by many friends, and deeply lamented by her surviving
relatives.

Also of Walshman Asfinall, son of the above, who died Dec. 23, 18 1 8,
aged 5 years and 7 months.

Also of Ellen, the Belict of Edm^. Bobinson, qf Sabden, in the co. of
Lancaster, and mother of the above mentioned Jane Asfinall, died
March 9, a.d. 1823, aged 75 years.

Their Bemains are deposited in the adjoining Vault.

Arms. — Or, a chevron between three gryphons heads erased
Sable.

On the same wall is an elegant monument by Westmacott,
containing the following : —

In memory of Samuel Goodbehebe, Esquire, of this Parish, Alderman
of London, who died IBth November, 1S18, aged 63 years.

Mrs. Eliza Goodbehebb, Belict of the above, died 17th of August, 1820,
aged 59 years.

HoBATio Goodbehebe, Esquire, son of the above Samuel and Eliza
Goodbehebe, died 22nd August, 1820, aged 24> years.

Arms. — Ermine, a fess embattled, counter-emhattled, Gides,
for Goodbehere; on an escutcheon of pretence, Quarterly, first
and fourth Or, three boars heads Azure, for Wood; second
and third Azure, three battle-axes Or.

Crest of Goodbehebe. — A griffin segreiant Vert, wings
elevated, beaked, and membered. Or.

Elias Ashmole.

At the entrance, near the chancel, is a large blue slab, con-
taining the following inscription, which was recut in 1858 : —

Hie jacet indytus Hie et eruditissimus Elias Ashmole, Lichfeldiensis,
Armiger. Inter alia in republica munera, tributi in cervisias contrarotulator,
fedalis autem Windsoriensis titulo per annos plurimos dignatus : qui, post
connubia, in uxorem duxit tertiam, Elizabethani, Gulielmi Dugdale,
Militis, garteri principalis regis armorum, filiam : mortem obiit 1 8 Maij, 1692,
anno aetatis 76; sed durante Musaeo Ashmoliano Oxon, nunquat)[L moriturus.

Near this tomb was formerly placed an achievement: —
Quarterly, Sable and Or ; the first quarter charge^d with a
fleur-de-lys of the second ; the coat of Ashmole, impaled with
that of Dugdale, Argent, a cross moline Gules, and aji^'teaux.

V

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HISTORY OF LAMBSTH. 157

Motto : Ew una omnia. Crest : On a mount verdant. Mercury
preparing to fly, between two naked boys (the celestial sign
Gemini), sitting at his feet proper.

Elias Ashmole, an eminent philosopher, chemist, antiquary,
and founder of the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford, was the
only son of Mr. Simon Ashmole, of Lichfield, county of Staf-
ford, by Anne, daughter of Mr. Anthony Boyer, of Coventry.
He was bom May 23, 1617 ; and in 1638, married Eleanor,
daughter of Mr. Peter Mainwaring, of Smallwood, Chester, in
which year he became a solicitor in Chancery. In 1641, he
was sworn an attorney of the Court of Common Pleas ; and
in December his wife died suddenly. He entered himself at
Brazen-nose College, Oxon, and studied the sciences vigorously.
On Nov. 16, 1649, he married Lady Mainwaring, and settled in
London. On Nov. 2, 1660, he was called to the Bar in the
Middle Temple Hall; and Jan. 15, 1661, Was admitted P.R.S.
His second wife dying April 1, 1668, he married Nov. 3 fol-
lowing, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William Dugdale, Knight,
Garter King of Arms. On Jan. 29, 1675, he resigned his
office of Windsor herald, which by his procurement was
bestowed on his brother-in-law Dugdale.

John Arundell.
On a monument at the east end of the south gallery is the
following : —

Here lyeth the body of John Abundell, of Gwamick, in the county of
Cornwall, Esq., son and heir of Bogek A&undsll, of the said countie, Esq.,
a gentleman of an antient, honourable, and fair descended family, who died
the 25th of May, 1618, without issue, and in the 56th year of his age. Sape
et praevale.

Arms. — Sahle^ three chevronelsy Argent

Ralegh.

On a small white marble monument, ornamented with gilt
mantling : —

Near this place lyeth interred y* Body of Mrs. Jvdbth Ralegh, the wife
of Capt. Gboege Ralegh,^ some time Deputy Gouernor of y* Hand of Jersey,
& Daughter of Thomas Eeemyn, of Uushbrook Hall, in Suffolk, Esq., who
departed this life December y« 14th, 1701.

^ Nephew to the famous Sir Walter Raleigh.

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158 HISTORY or LAMBSTH.

Arms. — €Me8y a bend fudlea^ Argent impaling Sable ^ a
crescent between two mullets in pale Argent.

Hugh Peyntwin.
In the north wall of the chancel is a rich Gothic tomb,
ornamented with foliage ; under a flat arch are traces of two
small brass figures, with labels in their mouths, which have been
torn off : underneath, on a brass plate, is the following : —

Sub pedibns ubi statis, jacet eorpus Magistri Hugonis Peyntwin, L^am
Doctoris, nuper Arehi. Cant. Beverendissimorum Patrum Do Johannis
MoBTON Cardinalis, Henbici Dene & William Warham, Cant. Archiepis-
cop. Audien. Causar Auditoris. Qui obijt ri die Augusti, anno Dom. m.b.iiij.,
cujus animsB propicietur Deus. Amen.

Arms. — Hiree thistles leaved and slipped.

Bishop Hooper.

On a handsome table monument surmounted with an urn,
is the following : —

Near this place lye buried two sons and five daughters of the Bight Beve-
rend Geoege Hooper, late Lord Bishop of Bath and Wells, and Abigail
his wife, daughter of Eichabd Guilford, late of this place, Gent., who all
dyed in their infancy, the last in the year 1694. This monument was erected
to their memory by Abigail Pbowse, the only surviving child, widow of
John Fbowsb, of Axbridge, in the county of Somerset, Esq.

Arms. — Gyronny of eighty Or and Brminey a castle triple-

tower edy SablCy impaling y Or, a saltire between four martletsy

Sable.

John Mompesson.

On the south side of the altar opposite to Peyntwin's mo-
nument, is that of John Mompesson, which nearly resembles
it ; the ornaments are not quite so rich, and a small brass figure
has been torn off. Underneath is the following inscription : —

Hie jacet Johannes Mompesson de Barthampton-Wyley, in Com. Wilts
Arm. e domestids Reverendissimi Patri Willielmi Wabham Cantuar. Arch-
iepiscopi primarius. Yirtute et pietate clams, duxit in nxoram Isabellam
fiham et coheredem Thome Dbewe Armigeri. Obiit quarto die Maii aono
M.D. xxiY. Cujus anime propicietur Deus. Amen.

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 159

Arms. — Ardent, a lion rampant Sables impaling Ermine^ a
lion poBBant guardant Gules^ for Drewe.

Sir Noel Caron.

Over the tomb of Mompesson formerly hung the helmet,
sword, gauntlet, and spurs of Sir Noel Caron, a nobleman,
ambassador from the States of Holland temp. King James I.,
who was buried here Jan. 25, 1624. There were also painted
on the wall eight several coats of arms : those on the dexter
side were — 1st, Argent, a bend Azure, semee of fleurs-de-lys
Or; 2nd, Argent, a chevron Sable; 8rd, Argent, a chevron
Chdes, between three cinquefoils Vert; 4th, Or, a saltire
Sable. On the sinister side — 1st, Argent, a chevron Gules
between three torteaux ; 2nd, Or, a fess embattled, counter-
embattled Sable ; 8rd. checquee. Argent and Chiles, a chief
Sable. The last was Vert, but so much decayed that the charge
could not be described. {Vide Nichols's History of Lambeth.)

, Thomas Lett.

In Leigh's Chapel is a marble pedestal, surmounted by a
bust of white marble, finely executed by Chantrey, of the late
Thomas Lett, Esq., of this parish, and St. Peter's, in the Isle of
Thanet. He was an active magistrate, and high sheriff of
Surrey in 1817. He died on the 25th of August, 1830, aged
sixty-one years.

Agnes Tydnam.

In the south aisle against the wall, is a small monument of
freestone, bearing the figures of a man and four sons, and a
woman and three daughters, opposite to each other, kneeling
before a desk containing two books, all in basso relievo, and
under them the following inscription : —

Ad sunptum Thome Folkis, A'o Domini 1588.
AoNEs Tydnam maried, first to Thomas Marshall ; temi
to John Manntnoe, lyethe buried here. She lived 8 tymes x
and fvll 5 yeres : 6 children by Marshall she had ; 3
were sonnes, the other dawtors : of them none living bee.
She died the xxii daie of March^ and in the yeere
of oar Lord God as by the late here written maie appeere.

Arms. — Sable, a mullet between two bars Or, charged with
three cinque/oils of the first, in chief two crescents of the last.

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160 history of lambeth.

Martha Eldridge.

On a small white marble tablet on the south side of the
wall: —

Near this place lyeth the Body of Mabtha. Eldbidge, who, on the 12th
day of May, anno Domini 1714, departed this Life in the 82nd year of her
age, with a Christian Resignation, after a careful discharge of her duty here,
and a frugal provision made for her children, who, in a pious concern for her
memoiy, have erected this monument as the last testimony of their obedi^ice
and gratitude.

Arms. — Azure^ a croas formee fitchee Or, on a chief of the
last three covered cups of the firsts impaling Ardent, a cross
crosslet fitchee GtdeSy between three martlets Sable.

John Goffton.
On a white marble monument ornamented with cherubs,
drapery, &c., with a fluted urn, and coat of arms at the top, is
the following inscription : —

Here lyeth the body of John Gofpton, Esq., younger son unto Sir Francis
GofFton, off Stockwell, who with his Lady were buryed in a vault in this angle,
which does belong unto that Manner House. His elder brother Francis died
in Fraus 1642, and he departed this life the ninth daye of May, being in the
yere of our Lord 1686, in the 7l8t yere of his age.

Arms. — Quarterly^ \st and ^th, an unicorns head erased;
2nd and Srd, Ermine.

Joseph Pratt.

On a marble tablet, against the same side, is the following: —

In the Family Vault under the Organ Galleiy are deposited the remains of
Joseph Piutt, Esq., late of Yaux-hail in this parish, descended from John
Pbatt, Esq., Colonel in the Army raised by the Parliament of England in
defence of their civil and religious liberties, and Bepresentative, in 1653, for
the county of Leicester. The said Joseph Pratt, Esq., having lived universally
esteemed for his integrity and beneficence, exchanged this life for a better on
the 6th day of May, 1764 ; leaving two hundred pounds by will to the poor
of this parish, to whom, whilst living, he had been a constant benefactor.

In the same vault is also interr'd the body of his brother, William Pkatt,
Esq., who died Jan. 14, 1749, aged 74 years ; of the latter's wife, Maky, who
died April 13, 1746, in the 73rd year of her age ; and of their son, Righasd
Peatt, Esq., late of Vauxhall, who died on the 9th day of January, 1756, in
the 43rd year of his age ; of Maby Peatt, widow of the said Richard Pratt,
and daughter of Jonathan Chillwell, Esq., of this parish, who died on the
31st day of May, 1777, in the 54th year of her age. Also the bodies of
three of their children— Maey Anne, bom Jan. 8, 1744, died Oct. 19, 1755,
of the smallpox; Joanna Peatt, bom June 24, 1745, died, aged 8 months;
Joseph Peatt, Esq., bom May 6, 1747, died of the smallpox, on 1^

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HISTORY OF LAMBKTH. 161

IStli day of May, 1766, being then a Fellow Commoner of Trinity College,
Cambridge.

Sir Joseph Mawbbt, Bart., of Botleys and Vauxhall, Sheriff, «» 1757,
for this county. Representative in two Parliaments for the borough o/Southwark,
and afterwards Knight of the Shire for the county of Surrey, nephew of the
first-named Joseph Peatt, Esq., and who married Elizabeth, daughter and
heiress of his cousin Bichabd Pratt, Esq., above mentioned, caused this
monument to be erected in the year 1779.

Arms. — Sadie, on d /ess between three elephants* heads
erased Ardent, as many mtdlets of the field.

Anthony Burleigh.
On a small tablet, is the following inscription : —

In memorie of Anthony Burleigh, third son of John Burleigh, late
of the Isle of Weight, Esq., who was Lieat.-Gen. to K. Charles I. of blessed
memorie; and was put to death at Winchester, the 26th of January, 1647,
for endeavouring to release his sacred Majesty, then prisoner in Carisbroke
Castle. His two elder brothers were slaine at Worcester fight, in the forces
of his present Majesty K. Charles II., this being the last of that loyal &mily,
except his truly loving and sorrowful sister, who caused this monument to be
erected. Obiit 17^ die Feb. Anno Dni 1681, setatis suae 48. Spe resurgendi.

William Beestone.

On a black marble tablet enchased in white, with a death's
head wreathed with laurel at the base, is the following in-
scription : —

Neere vnder this Place lyeth bvryed y* bodyes of William Beestone,
Esq., late of this P*ishe of Lambeth, who dyed y* 9th of August, 1639, &
also of Jeanb his Wife, who dep. this life y* 27th of May, 1652. They left
behind them onely on davghter, who married Ebward Leventhorp, Esq.,
and by him shee had issve 3 sonns & 5 davghters, shee being the erecter of
this Monument Anno D'm'ni 1653.

Arms. — Sable, a bend between siw bees volant Argent,
Beeston, with a crescent for difference, impaling, afess between
three boars* heads couped.

Crest. — On a torce a castle triple-flowered, thereon an
armed arm, the hand holding a sword.

Ralph Snowe.

Near to the last, on a handsome white marble monument
fixed to the south wall, and supported by two composite fluted
pilasters, and on the summit of the architrave an urn, is the
following inscription : —

11

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162 HISTORY 0¥ LAMBETH.

In the adjoyniiig vault lieth y* body of Baphb Snowb^ Gent., Treasurer,
Keceiyer, and fiegistrar to 4 Archbishops of Canterbury ; a great benefactor
to this Church and Parish, and many other places and societies. He lived a
pattern of Piety, Prudence, and Charity, and dyed fuU of years and good
works, with y^ perfect vse of his reason & understanding, in the 95th year of
his age, Mar. 21, mdccyii.

He was head steward and secretary to the Archbishops
of Canterbury for almost fifty years. His benefactions at
Canterbury and to this church were numerous.

On a small slab, near the west door, on the floor of the
church : —

Ebwasd, son of the Se?. John Lloyd & Lucbetia his wife, aged
eleven weeks ; died December the 19th, 1783.

Jambs Mobbis.

On the south wall, on a beautiful white marble monument,
representing a cenotaph with a weeping figure on either side,
exquisitely sculptured by Flaxman : —
James Mobbis, Esq*,
mjdcclxxxi.

He was in the commission of the peace for the county of
Surrey, and formerly high sheriff.

Beneath the last, on a neat white marble slab enchased in
veined marble, is the following : —

To the memory of lieatenant-Golonel Mobbis of his Majesty's Coldstream
Begiment of Guards, who fell at Alkmaar bravely fighting in the cause of his
country, September the 19th, 1799, aged 65.

On a handsome monument, executed by Coade, is the
following inscription : —

Sacred to the memory of Bobebt Lake Wilmot, son of James and Mary
WiLMOT, of this Parish, and grandson of Bobebt Lake, Esq., of Scoble,
Devon; bom 22nll November, 1782; died 3rd August, 1799. He was
affectionate to his Parents and attentive to his Instructors.
Angels beheld him fit for joys to come,
And call'd by God's command their brother home.

Henby Buckley.

On a white marble tablet enchased in black, on the north
side, is the following : —

To the memory of Henby Buckley, Lieutenant in the 15th Hussars, who
died at Waterloo, June 19, 1815, in the 19th year of his age.

A part of the Begiment had been engaged upon the Plains tf JFaietloo

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 168

on the 1 8th from ten in the morning Hill four in the afternoon ; and in the
various charges he had behaved with distinguished courage.

When in the act of charging a solid square of Infantry, and in front of
his iroop, animating the men, he was struck by a musquet-ball and mortally
wounded. His conduct during the action gained him the approbation of his
commanding officer and the admiration of his companions.

Nicholas Hookes.

On a handsome white and veined marble monument, with
a compass pediment adorned with three flaming lamps, is the
following : —

Memorus et Fertutibm sacrum Nichglai Hoqkiss Armigeri, condUi in
illo quern prope extruxit Tumah En ffospes morUure virum qui summam
dubiis rebus probitatem sincera in Deum pietate spectata in utrumque Carohm
Mde eximid in omnes Charitate ; moribus suavimmis et Idmatiasimo ingenio
omnibus elegantioris literatura omamentis exculto mire adomavit.

Hoe pignus pietatis monumentum pomit Johann£8 Hookes supersies
nepos — si quis alius Mastissimus in lachrymarum consortia, obiit 7 Nov.
1712; at. 84.

Elizabetha conjui Charissima, obiit 29 Not. 1691. Quae (cum fratre,
sorore, et multiplici prole) in eodem quiescit tumulo.

Arms. — Argent, a chevron between three owls Azure, on an
escuicheon of pretence of the last, a chevron between three
pheons Or, within a bordure Ermine,

Petee Dollond.

On a marble tablet is inscribed : —

Sacred to the memory of Petee Dollond (son of John Dollond, F.R.S.)
of St. Paul's Churchyard, optician, who died July 2, 1820, aged 89 years.

Also of his sister Susan Huggins, widow, who died April 14, 1798,
aged 69 years.

Also of his sister Sabah, wife of Jesse Bamsden, F.B.S., who died
August 29, 1796, aged 63 years.

Peter Dollond was a member of the American Philosophical
Society at Philadelphia, and one of the most celebrated op-
ticians of his day. His father was John Dollond, F.R.S., born
at Spitalfields 1706, whose parents fled from France to Eng-
land shortly after the revocation of the Edict of Nantz, in order
to avoid persecution on account of their religion.

On a brass slab in the central passage of the nave, near the
west door, is inscribed : —

Underneath lyeth the body of Gbobgina, second daughter of Jonathan
Tyers Barrett and Mary his wife. She was bom at Leatherhead, in this
county, on the 29th day of June, 1812, and died 28rd of October, 1815.

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164 history of lamb%tk.

George D'Oylt, D.D.

On the south wall in Leigh's Chapel is a handsome carved
stone monument, containing the following inscription : —

Sacred to the memory of the Rct. Georgb D'Oyly, D.D., Rector of this
Parish and of Sundridge in the county of Kent. Born xxxi October,
MDCCLXXYiii. ; died viii January, mdcccxlvi.

This monument has been erected by some of his parishioners in testimony
of the high estimation in which they held his character ; and whilst his sound
learning and unwearied exertions, evinced in the foundation of King's College,
London, are generally acknowledged, they wish to record their sense of the
important services which he rendered to this populous parish by his zeal in
the cause of Christianity, especially manifested in the erection of eight new
churches during the period of his incumbency.

This is surmounted by his arms, impaling those of his wife.

In tiie Cfjttrcfjsarlf*

Teadescant's Tomb.

In 1662, a table monument of freestone was erected by
Hester, the relict of John Tradescant the younger, covered
on each of its four sides with sculptures. On the north side,
a crocodile, shells, &c., and a view of some Egyptian build-
ings ; on the Bouth side, broken columns, Corinthian capitals,
supposed to be ruins in Greece, or some eastern countries ;
on the east side, the arms of Tradescant — On a bend three
fieurs-de-lys impaling a Hon passant ; on the westy a hydra,
and under it a skull : various figures of trees, in relievo, adorn
the four comers of this monument, and over it a handsome
tablet of black marble, with the inscription, in verse, given
below.

Having become very much dilapidated, this monument was
repaired in 1773; but, having again become almost illegible,
a committee, consisting of the Rev. C. B. Dalton, TUfii^r of
Lambeth; Sir Charles G. Young, Garter; Sir Willianf L
Hooker, K.H.; Philip Bury Duncan, Esq., Keeper of iie
Ashmolean Museum, Oxford; James Forbes Young, Ef^q-*
M.D., of Upper Kennington-lane ; and the Rev. J. Griffilli,
of Wadham College, Oxford, was formed, with the object! of
collecting subscriptions for the purpose of restoring the td«ri)

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\

TOMB OF THE TRADESCANTS,
As Erected in 1662.

"^^ :aN^'tC^:;\^^Tr

TOMB OF THE TRADESCANTS,
As Restored in 1851.

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I

1

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 165

of the Tradescants, and the gravestone of Ellas Ashmole*
Through their exertions, Tradescant's tomb, after a lapse of
nearly two centuries, has been entirely restored, according to
the original form and design, and erected over the grave in
the churchyard, raised on a granite plinth. The work was
executed by Mr. G. P. White, carver and mason, Vauxhall-
bridge-road, Westminster. It contains the following inscrip-
tion: —

John Tkadbscant died a.d. mdcxxxviii. Jane Tbadesgant, his wife,
died A.D. MDCxxxnr. John Tradesoant, Jiis sod, died 25th April,
A.D. MDCLXii. John Tbadescant, his grandson, died 11th September,
A.D. MDCLii. Hester, wife of John Tradesoant the younger, died 6th of

April, A.D. MDCLXXVIII.

Know, stranger, ere thou pass, beneath this stone

Lye John Tradesoant, Qrandsire, Father, Son;

The last dy'd in his spring ; the other two

Liv'd tiU they had travelled Art and Nature through ;

As by their choice collections may appear,

Of what is rare in land, in sea, in air

(Whilst they, as Homer's Iliad in a nut),

A world of wonders in one closet shut.

These fisunous antiquarians, that had been

Both gardeners to the Rose and Lily Queen,

Transplanted now themselves, sleep here. And when

Angels shall with their trumpet waken men,

And fire shall purge the world, these hence shall rise.

And change this garden for a Paradise.

The tomb originally erected on this spot, in the year 1662, by Hesteb,
relict of John Tradesoant the younger, being in a state of decay, was
repaired by Subscription in the year 1773.

After the lapse of nearly two centuries since its erection, it was entirely
repaired, by Subscription, in the year 1853.

John Tradescant, senior, to whom posterity is mainly in-
debted for the introduction of Botany into this kingdom, was,
according to Anthony a Wood, a Fleming, or a Dutchman.
On what occasion, or at what period, he first came into
England is not precisely known, but it was probably about
the end of Elizabeth's reign, or the commencement of that of
James the First. He is said to have been for a considerable
time in the service of Lord Treasurer Salisbury and Lord
Weston. About 1629, he obtained the rank of gardener to
Charles the First. He lived in a great house in South Lam-
beth, where he made a curious collection of coins, medals, and

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166 UISTORr OF LAMBBTH.

a great variety of ancommon rarities, illustrative of natural
history, &c. His son published a catalogue of them, under
the title of Mmeum Tradescantianum, containing an enumera-
tion of the many plants, shrubs, trees, &c., growing in his
garden, which was very extensive. His museum was fre-
quently visited by persons of rank ; and among others, Charles
the First (to whom he was gardener), Henrietta Maria, his
queen; Archbishop Laud, George Duke of Buckingham;
Robert and William Cecil, Earls of Salisbury ; and JohnEvelyn,
who, in his diary, thus notices the event : — " Sept. 17, 1657, 1
went to see Sir Robert Needham at Lambeth, a relation of
mine, and thence to John Tradescant's museum."

John Tradescant's son presented the coUection of curiosities
to the celebrated Elias Ashmole, as appears by the foUowing
extracts from Ashmole's diary. — "Dec. 12, 1659, Mr. Tra-
descant and his wife told me they had been long considering
upon whom to bestow their closet of curiosities when they
died, and at last had resolved to give it unto me." On the
14th he adds: — "This afternoon they gave their scrivener
instructions to draw a deed of gift of the said closet to me ;"
and on the 15th, " Mr. Tradescant and his wife sealed and
delivered to me the deed of gift of aU his rarities." On
Tradescant's death, however, his widow refused to surrender
them, and Ashmole preferred a bill in Chancery against her,
and got possessien of them. On this he removed from the
Temple to South Lambeth, where he added a noble room to
Tradescant's Ark (as it was then called), and adorned the
chimney with his arms, impaling those of his third wife, the
daughter of Sir William Dugdale. On Ashmole's decease,
the curiosities went to Oxford, where they form part of the
Ashmolean Museum. The site of Tradescant's garden was
visited in 1749 by Sir WilKam Watson, and other members
of the Royal Society, but very few trees were found remaining
which appeared to have been planted by the Tradescants.

In the east part of the ground, on an elegant monument
of the Grecian form, surmounted with a blazing urn, on the
west side, is the following inscription : —

To the memory of William Bligh, Esquire, F.R,S., Vice- Admiral of the
Blue, the celebrated navigator who first transplanted the bread-fruit tree

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HISTORY OP LAMBETH. 167

from Otaheite to the West Indies ; bravely fought the battles of his oountiy,
and died beloved, respected, and lamented, on the 7th day of December, 1817,
aged 64.

On the south side is the foUowing inscription, surmounted
with the arms of Bligh, viz. Azure^ a griflln segreant Or, be-
tween three crescents Ardent; impaling Or, a bend Gules, a
chief indented Azure.

Sacred to the memory of Mrs. Elizabeth Bligh, the wife of Bear-
Adhibal Bliqh, who died April 15th, 1812, in the 60th year of her age.
Her spirit soar'd to heaven, the blest domain.
Where virtue only can its meed obtain.
All the great duties she performed thro* life,
Those of a Child, a Parent, and a Wife.

On the east side.

In this vault are deposited also the remains of William Bligh and
Hbnby Bligh, who died March 21st, 1791, aged one day; the sons of
Mrs. Elizabeth and Reab-Admibal Bligh ; and also William Bligh
Babkeb, their grandchild, who died Oct. 22nd, 1805, aged 3 years.

William Bacon.

Near the south-west entrance-door, against the church

vaU, is an upright stone, inscribed : —
To the memory of William Bacon, of the Salt Office, London, Gent.,

Tho was kiUed by Thunder and Lightning at his window, July the 12th,

-787, aged thirty-four years.

By touch ethereal in a moment slain.
He felt the pow'r of death, but not the pain.
Swift as the lightning glanc'd his spirit flew,
And bade this rough tempestuous world adieu.
Short was his passage to that peaceful shore
Where storms annoy, and dangers threat, no more.

In High-street, formerly called the Back-lane, is the large
Burial-ground which was given to the parish by Archbishop
Tenison, and consecrated in October, 1705. Several who
lave memorials in the church are interred in this ground, and
;mong them, Mr. Peter DoUond, the optician, and Alderman
ftoodbehere. Here are also interred the poets Edward Moore
md Thomas Cooke, who both died in 1757 — the former the
aithor of Tables for the Female Sex and the Gamester; the
Itter the translator of Hesiod and Terence. William Milton,
ai eminent engravpr, died March 1790. Jeanne St. Rymer de
Galois, Countess de la Motte, who fled to England after her

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168 HISTORY OF LAMBKTH.

escape from the Conciergerie, where she had been imprisoned
for her participation in the mysterious plot of the diamond
necklace: she died in August, 1791. Robert Barker, Esq.,
inventor of the panorama, died in April, 1806; and James
Sowerby, Esq., F.L.S., the talented mineralogist and natu-
ralist, who died in October, 1822.

Under the recent act of Parliament the burial-ground is
now closed, and a cemetery has been formed at Tooting, for
the use of this parish.

Some very handsome monuments and inscribed tablets are
affixed against the walls of St. Matthew's Church at Brixton.
At the east end, the most remarkable are those commemora-
tive of George Brettle, Esq., of Raleigh Lodge, Brixton-hill
(born 1st Jan. 1778, died 18th Oct. 1835), by Westmacott;
Thomas Simpson, Esq., of Heme-hiU, who died 1st May, 1835,
aged eighty-eight years, by Sievier ; and Capt. Charles Kemp,
of the East India maritime service, who died at Madras on
the 29th of August, 1840, in the forty-sixth year of his age, by
H. Weeks. In the north gallery is a large upright monument
for Joseph Newcome, Esq., who died on the 8th of October.
1841, aged ninety-four years; and in the south gallery if
another in memory of Evan Roberts, Esq., of Grove House
Brixton.

There are numerous sepulchral memorials in the church-
yard, including several tombs of classical design, of which
class the most remarkable is the Grecian Mamoleum. It is
based on a square ground-plan, and is upwards of twenty-five
• feet in height, consisting of three principal stories, raised on
A stybolate of granite sjteps, interrupted on the west front by
the mausoleum entrance. Each story is variously enriched,
and adorned with emblematical sculpture in relief, including
the coiled serpent, the winged globe, and the holy dove. Th<
whole terminates in a square moulded pedestal, crowned by i
knot of honeysuckles of similar form. This memorial, whic)
was designed and executed by Mr. R. Day, of Camberwel!
was erected in 1825, by Mr. Henry Budd, in memory of hi
father, Richard Budd, Esq., who was born in this parisi
Tiovember the 26th, 1748, and died July the 8th, 1824.

Among the few monuments in the cHurch of St. Johj,

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 169

Waterloo-road, at the east end is one that was erected by
subscription of the inhabitants of the district, in commemo-
ration of Thomas Lett, Esq., who died on the 25th of August,
1830. He was a great benefactor to this church, and a
magistrate of the county. It exhibits a figure of Justice,
leaning with one arm upon a pedestal, bearing an iirn, and
holding a balance with the other. On a tablet of white marble,
inscribed in memory of James Thomas Goodenham Rodwell,
Esq., who died on the 14th of March, 1825, aged twenty-
seven years, is a sculpture in relief, of an angel kneeling by a
sarcophagus. On another, in memory of Edward Vere, Esq.,
is sculptured a cap of maintenance, surmounted by a boar
passant. Here also is a small marble tablet, commemorative
of, the late comedian, Robert William Elliston, Esq., who died
on the 7th of July, 1831, aged fifty-seven, and was interred
in a vault below the church.

In Norwood Cemetery is interred the Hon. Mr. Justice
Talfourd. On a flat heavy stone, surrounded by a neat iron
railing, is the following inscription to his memory : —

Here lie the mortal remains of Thomas Noon Talpoubd, Knight, D.C.L.,
one of Her Majesty's Justices of the Court of Common Pleas. Bom a.d.
26th May, 1795 ; died A.D. 13th March, 1854. " Of such is the kingdom
of heaven."

Talent and manly worth have gone down into this tomb —
the man of imaginative mind and amiable manners, the poet,
and the judge. A love of classical grace was first awakened
in Talfourd by Dr. Valpy, under whom he was placed when a
boy, at the grammar-school of his native town of Reading.
Prosecuting his legal studies, he was called to the bar, and
ultimately secured the silk gown. He entered Parliament,
and the legal student was at length elevated to the bench.
Years of glad endeavour and high success were his, and he
died whilst solemnly engaged in his highest duties. In the
full possession of cultivated powers, when pleading on behalf
of the poor and degraded — ^inculcating the philanthropic
lesson that education ought to increase and crime diminish —
his voice became hushed for ever. In those lofty pleadings
of the judge was heard the true and generous convictions of
the man. Talfourd was the possessor of a noble and genial

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170 HISTORY OF LAMBKTH.

nature. Words of kindness ever dwelt upon his lips, and
the accents of mercy were flowing from them as they finally
closed. Honour and respect followed him to this pleasant
retreat ; and it was truly said at his demise, that the only
pang he ever caused to those who had the happiness of his
friendship, was by his untimely death.

At the rear of the church is a capacious tomb, with orna-
mented railings. This spot is consecrated to Henry Ben-
jamin Hanbury fieaufoy, Esq., of South Lambeth, a generous
patron of education, whose name will long be held in re-
membrance in the School of the City of London, as well as
in connection with a lofty building in Lambeth devoted to the
culture of children, however poor and humble, which has been
previously noticed.

One of the last celebrities buried here was Douglas Jerrold,
who died in 1857. One of his biographers has observed,
that "in early boyhood he trod the deck of a man-of-war,
which he exchanged for the struggles of London ; and while
an apprentice in a printing-ofl5ce, appeared himself in print,
before the meaning of words were fairly mastered. His after
life was devoted to Hterature, the varied branches of which
he tended to enrich. Douglas Jerrold possessed a large and
philanthropic nature, his sympathetic heart speaking through
the sparkling dialogue of his characters. Redolent of wit
and humour, he waged war with the world's shame, having
no tolerance with hypocrisy, no patience with oppression. By
some he was deemed bitter, but they knew him not. That
pen-sword of his was drawn to guard the weak : its strength
was exercised against the strong." ^

His sympathy was ever given

Where need for it was sorest felt ;

In pity that blue eye would melt,

Which against wrong blazed like the levin.

Not for his wit, though it was rare ;

Not for his pen, though it was keen, \

We sorrow for his loss, and lean \

Lovingly over that grey hair.

It has been said, that if every one who had received
kindness at his hands were to lay a flower upon his grave
a mountain of roses would rise upon the last resting-place
Douglas Jerrold.

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^ntiqiK anb fl%r ^mlbings.

IN Lambeth-marsh stood, until the beginniiig of
July, 1823, when it was pulled down, an ancient
fragment of a building called Bonner's House.
This is traditionally said to have been part of a
residence of Bonner, Bishop of London, which
formerly extended a considerable way further in front. The
building bore evident marks of age, and at the back were the
remains of some ancient brick walls, which seemed to have
originally surrounded a large garden. There is nothing in the
history of the place to prove that it belonged to any of the
Bishops of London, except an entry of an ordination in Strype's
MemonaU of Cranmer, which mentions that on March 24,
1537-8, Henry Holbeach was consecrated suffragan Bishop
of Bristol in " the chapel of my Lord the Bishop of London in
the Lower-marsh, Lambeth." But in this instance, Strype
was in error, and, as he afterwards acknowledged, had inad-
vertently written London instead of Rochester. The ordi-
nation really took place at " La Place,'* the house of John
Hilsey, Bishop of Rochester. The Bishops of London never
had a residence at Lambeth.

In Carlisle-lane, Westminster-road, on the exact spot where,
until 1827, Carlisle House Boarding School was situated,
formerly stood Carlise House, anciently La Place, which ori-
ginally belonged to the Bishops of Rochester. In the twelfth

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172 HISTORY OP LAMBETH.

century, an attempt was made to found a college or monas-
tery for secular canons, on this site, by Baldwin, Archbishop
of Canterbury, in the reign of Richard I., who obtained from
the Bishop and Convent of Rochester (the then owners of the
land) " a part of their court at Lambeth, with twenty-four acres
and one perch withoutside the same, and the service which
he had from four acres on the Thames-bank, saving to them
their rights to the parish church, to the ditches surrounding
their said court and garden, and also a free current to and
from their mill, and all things withoutside the bounds then
marked out. On this ground the prelate commenced build-
ing a chapel, but, dying in 1190, it was completed by his suc-
cessor, Hubert Walter. Purporting to carry on the design of
building a college, as well as of fixing his own residence at
Lambeth, he entered into a treaty with the Prior of Rochester
for the whole manor of Lambeth, which was exchiwged to
him, he granting to the bishops of that see, out of it, a piece
of ground next to his own chapel, dedicated to St. Stephen
and St. Thomas, with the buildings thereon, in order to erect
an occasional residence for them. On this ground Gilbert de
Glanvylle, Bishop of Rochester, erected a house for himself
and his successors, who occasionally resided there till the
sixteenth century. Haymo de Hethe, who was promoted
to the see of Rochester in March, 1316, rebuilt the house>
which was subsequently called La Place, till the year 1500,
after which the bishops dated from their house in Lambeth-
marsh. Archbishop Bradwardin died here in 1348 ; as did
Shepey, Bishop of Rochester, and Lord Treasurer of England,
in 1360. The last Bishop of Rochester who resided in this
mansion was Dr. John Fisher. In his time, Feb. 17, 1531,
a most execrable murder was committed here by one Richard
Roose, the bishop's cook, who, " by throwing some poison
into a vessel, replenished with yest or barme, standing in the
said bishop's kitchen, at his place in Lambeth-marsh, not only
poisoned seventeen persons of his family, but also certain poor
people which resorted to the said bishop's place, and were
there charitably fed, two of whom died." For this horrid deed,
by an ex pod facto act (soon afterwards repealed), the said
Roose was attainted of high treason, and boiled to death in
Smithfield, the Wednesday in Tenebres following.

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HI8T0UT OF LAMBETH. 173

At the time of obtaining the grant of the ground. Bishop
Glauville did not take proper care to secure access to it from
the river ; and, as the archbishops claimed the land between
that and the house, many disputes arose. In the 8th Edward I.,
1280, there was a trial before John de Reygate and others, the
justices itinerant in this county, respecting certain bars placed
by Bishop John de Bradfeild on the banks of the Thames,
opposite the house called La Place.

When Bishop Hamo de Hethe resided here in 1323, the
steward of Archbishop Reynolds, and others of his domestics,
assaulted Thomas de Hethe and others of the bishop's family,
endeavouring to destroy the bars on the Thames-wall, placed
for making a way for the bishop's carriages, with his goods
from the river to his house ; in which attempt, however, they
foiled. At length Archbishop IsUp, in 1357, was prevailed
on to grant a license to the then Bishop of Rochester, to
build a bridge over the archbishop's soil, in a place called
Stangate, for the convenience of the bishop, his family, and
others with him.

In 1540, Bishop Heath conveyed this house to the Crown,
in exchange for a house in Southwark. Henry the Eighth
granted it to Robert Aldrich, Bishop of Carlisle, and his
successors, in exchange for the premises where now stands
Beaufort-buildings, in the Strand, when it first obtained the
name of Carlisle House ; but it does not appear to have
been ever inhabited by the bishops of that see, who leased it
out. It was sold by the Parliament in 1647, to Matthew
Hardyng (who, as we have seen, also purchased with Colonel
Scot the manor of Lambeth) for £220 ; but on the restoration
it reverted to the see of Carlisle.

From this date its history exhibits some remarkable vicis-
situdes* On part of the premises a pottery was established^
which existed in George the Second's time ; but going to decay,
the kilns, and a curious Gothic arch, were taken down, and the
bricks used for filling the space and other defects in the wall.
It was subsequently opened by one Castledine as a tavern, and
became a common brothel ; and on his demise was occupied
by Monsieur Froment, a dancing master, who endeavoured to
get it licensed by the sessions as a public place of entertain-
ment, but ineffectually, in consequence of the opposition of

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174 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

Archbishop Seeker. It was next tenanted as a private dwell-
ing ; and was afterwards converted into an academy and
boarding-school for young gentlemen. In the year 1827, it
was pulled down, and the site and grounds covered with about
eighty small houses, including Allen and Homer Streets, and
parts of Carlisle-lane and Hercules-buildings. Before it was
built over, the grounds attached to this house were encom-
passed by a high and strong brick wall, which had in it a
gate of ancient form, opening towards Stangate. A smaller
back gate in the south wall had over it two keys in saltire, and
something resembling a mitre for a crest. Two bricks, one
upon the other, served for a shield, and the workmanship of
the arms was of as low a taste as the materials. Dr. Salmon,
who gives us this account, is inclined to believe this belonged
to Cardinal Wolsey, and that what stood above the keys was
not the crest, but a crown in chief, the arms of the see of York.
But Mr. Nichols considered, with much more probability, that
the arms were those of the see of Rochester, St. Andrew's cross
surmounted by the mitre ; and that the brick gate was erected
by Bishop Fisher, in whose time brick buildings became fre-
quent in England.

In Church-street formerly stood Norfolk House. This
mansion belonged to the Earls and Dukes of Norfolk, and did
not ultimately pass from them until the beginning of Queen
Elizabeth's reign. The old Duke of Norfolk, whose life was
saved the night before his intended execution, by the death of
Henry VIII., and his son, the celebrated Earl of Surrey, both
resided here. Leland, the tutor of the latter, gloried that he
had here taught so accomplished a poet and genius the Latin
tongue. Thomas Howard, the third Duke of Norfolk of this
family, had here a fine library for certain books, for which he
petitioned the Lords, during his confinement for high treason.
On his attainder this house was seized by the crown, and was
granted by Edward VI. in fee to William Parr, Marquis of
Northamption, by the title of " a capital mansion or house in
Lambehith, late parcel of the possessions of Thomas Duke of
Norfolk, and twenty and a half acres of land in Cotman's-field,
one acre in St. George's-field upon Sandhill; six acres of
meadow and marsh in Lambehithe-mai'sh, whereof three acres

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HISTORI OF LAMBETH. 175

were within the wall of the marsh, and three acres without ;
one close called Bell-close abutting uponCotman's-field towards
the east, containing one and a half acre; one other close abut-
ting upon the way leading from Lambehithe to the Marsh,
containing two acres and a half." ^

The marquis, however, in 1552, exchanged it again with the
King for the lordship and manor of Southwark, which had
been the Bishop of Winchester's ; but in the 1st of Mary, on
a reversal of the Duke of Norfolk's attainder, this house was
again restored to him. The duke sold it in the 1st of Eliza-
beth to Richard Garth and John Dyster for £400. It was
shortly afterwards conveyed to Mrs. Margaret Parker, alias
Harlestone,^ the consort of the Archbishop of Canterbury.
Mrs. Parker gave the whole to her younger son Matthew,
who, dying Dec. 1574, devised it by the description of "his
house and land in Lambeth, called the Duke of Norfolk his
house," to the issue of which his wife (Frances, daughter of
Dr. Barlow, Bishop of Chichester) was then enceinte, giving
his wife the option of the middle part of it for her residence,
if she would dwell there, pay the landlord's rent, and keep it
in repair, and, failing himself of issue, he devised it to Matthew
the son of his brother John Parker. His wife had a son, who
died in six months. On his death his widow declined to live
in the house, and John, the brother of Matthew deceased, in-
habited it, and his son, who was then an infant. This Matthew
obtained the honour of knighthood from King James I. in
July, 1603, and having married Joan, daughter of Dr. Richard
Cox, Bishop of Ely, retired to Sittingbourne, in Kent, where
his descendants settled. After this the house became neglected,
and has been long since demolished. A range of houses called
Norfolk-row, and other buildings in Paradise-row, together
with the extensive distillery of Messrs. Hodges, now occupy
the site of the house and grounds.

1 Pat 1 Edw. VI. p. 6.

2 This was her maiden name, and it was introduced by way of precaution,
because, as Mr. Manning observes, in the 3rd volume of his Surrey, p. 479,
" the legality of the marriage of priests was then hardly established ; and it
is well known that Queen Elizabeth did not approve of it, as is testified by
her very uncourteous speech to Mrs. Parker, after having been entertained by
the archbishop."

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176 HI8T0RT OP LAMBBTH.

At VauxhaH, adjoining the premises of Medsrs. Burnett
and Co., distillers, formerly stood Copt Hall.

In a survey of the manor of Kennington, made in 1615, is
an entry, that Sir Thomas Parry,^ Chancellor of the Duchy of
Lancaster, held by copy '' a handsome tenement built of brick,
called Copt Hall, lying near the Thames, opposite the capital
tenement called Vaux Hall to the south, lying between the
Thames and the way leading towards Kingston, with a garden
and orchard on three sides, inclosed with a brick wall/'

During Sir Thomas Parry's residence here. Lady Arabella
Stuart was committed to close custody in his house, on account
of having married privately William Seymour, grandson of
the Earl of Hertford. This lady was the only child of the
fifth Earl of Lennox, uncle to Eang James L, and great grand-
son of King Henry VII. Her double relationship to royalty
was obnoxious to the jealousy of Queen Elizabeth, and the
timidity of James I., who equally dreaded her having legitimate
issue, and prevented her from marrpng in a suitable manner.
In consequence of her marriage, she and her husband were
both committed to custody, the lady being confined atVauxhall,
and Seymour being sent to the Tower. They both escaped
on the same day, 3rd June, 1611. He got to Flanders, but
she was taken in Calais Roads, and committed a close prisoner
to the Tower. Her undeserved oppressions operated so severely
on her mind, that she became a lunatic, and died in the Tower
27th September, 1615.

On the death of Sir Thomas Parry, Copt Hall became the
property of John Abrahall, of Hingston, Hereford, Esq., who,
in 1629, surrendered it to King Charles I.

After the decapitation of Charles, the Parliament ordered
the survey of the house and premises to be taken. It was
thus described :—

"Vaux Hall, otherwise Copped Hall, valued in all that
capitall messuage with the appurten'nce, commonly called or
knowne by the name of Vaux Hall (otherwise) Copped Hall,
seituate, lyeing, and being, in water, Lambeth, in the said

^ He was distantly connected with Secretary Cecil. In 1601, he was made
resident ambassador at the court of France, and succeeded Sir John Fortescue
as Chancellor of the Exchequer in December, 1607, when he was sworn of
the Privy Council.

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HISTORY OP LAMBETH. 177

county of Surrey, bounded with the river of Thames on the
north-west part thereof, a narrow passage from the water syde
to the highewaye last menc'oned on the south-east, and a
broad passage from the said highwaye to the common landing
place att Vaux Hall south-west, consisting of a faire dwelling
house, strongly built, three stories and an halfe high, with a
faire stayre case breakeing out from the said dwelling house,
of nyneteene foote square, and all that building adioyneing to
the north-west end of the said house and vsed with the same ;
with twoe breaks on the north-east part of the last menc^oned
building, all of tbem being twoe stories and to halfe highe/'

It was valued, with the courts and grounds attached, at
£75 per annum.

After this period it was described by the name of Vaux Hall
only. The act of the House of Commons, July 17, 1649, for
the sale of honours, &c., of the late King, Queen, and Prince,
provided that it should not extend to the house called Vaux
Hall, nor to the grounds, houses, buildings, modes, utensils,
or other necessaries for practical inventions therein contained;
but that they should remain to the use of the Commonwealth,
to be employed and disposed of by the Parliament as they
should thmk fit.

In 1652, the Parliament sold it to John Trenchold, of
Westminster, who held it till the Restoration, when it came
again into the King's hands, who granted a lease of this and
the demesne lands of Kennrngton to Lord Moore, with a power
of resuming it, which the King exercised the following year,
and settled here one Jasper Calthoff, a Dutchman, who was
employed in making guns and other warlike instruments for
hk Majesty's service. A part of the premises was occupied a
few years after by Peter Jacobson, a sugar-baker.

It was subsequently granted by lease from the Duke of
Cornwall to Mr. Kent, who had a large distillery thereon; but
he failing, the premises became ruinous and unoccupied. Mr.
Lysons says the lease was the property of Mr. Snaith, banker,
of London. It was then held under two leases, one of the
manor (the manor-house having been long demolished) and
the other of " faux Hall Wharf," both held by Mr. Pratt, who
carried on the distillery. His son-in-law. Sir Joseph Mawbey,
Bart., many years a representative of Southwark in Parliament,

12

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178 HISTORY Oy LAMBSTH.

and afterwards knight of the shire for the ooonty of Snrrey,
held the premises and carried on the distillery till his decease
in 1 798. Subsequently the estate has been held by Sir Charles
Blicke, Knt., and several under-tenants.

It is traditionally reported that this house, or the neighbour-
ing one of Vauxhall, was the residence of the incendiary Guy
Faux. There is, however, no mention of him as an under-
tenant on the records ; and had he ever been possessed of any
of the copyhold lands held of the manor of Kennington in
1616, by Jane Faux, his supposed reUct, on his being con-
victed of high treason, a forfeiture to the crown must have
ensued. But the fact is, that Jane Vaux was the widow of
John Vaux, a citizen and vintner of London, and a benefactor
to the parish of Lambeth. She died in 1615, leaving two
daughters and coheirs, one of whom was married to Dr.Barlow,
Bishop of Lincoln. A family of the name of Vause, or Vaux,
had been inhabitants of Lambeth for nearly a hundred years;
but had Guy been their relation, and known to them (as he
must have been had he inhabited a capital house at Vauxhall),
he could never have thought of passing for a servant to Percy,
who lived at Lambeth (as did John Wright, one of the con-
spirators), and from whose house some of the combustibles
were conveyed across the Thames to the Horseferry, and
placed under the Parliament House, Westminster.

The house in which the conspirators stored their powder
and other combustibles, during the digging of the mine, was
certainly at Lambeth, and near the river-side; but that house
did not belong to any of them, it being merely hired for their
purpose in the summer of 1604. Robert Keyes, to whose
keeping it was entrusted, was hanged and quartered in Old
Palace-yard, together with Fawkes, Rookwood, and Winter
the younger, on the 31st of January, 1606. This house was
probably jointly occupied by Catesbye and Percy. There is a
sermon preacl^d by Dr. Featley, November 5th, and printed
in Clam8 Myatica, p. 824, with this marginal note : — " This
year (1685) the house where Gatesby plotted this treason, was
casually burnt to the ground by powder/'^

^ In an examination on the 7tli of November, 16G5, in which for the first
time he gave his real name, Gaido^ or Quy FawheB, he stated that he ''was
bom in the' city of York, 4ind that his father's name was Edward Fawkes, a

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G/4\ rjauK^

^^fecn^ (^c^Tcfi^ii,

£7^

>m

^^:yHCf^cvs frt/uyiA^n.

AUTOGBAPHS OF GUY FAWKES AND HIS CO-CONSPIRATORS.

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HISTORY OF LAMBSTH. 179

Here follow the autographs of Guy Fawkes and his feUow-
conspirators.

At South Lambeth is the extensive distillery for vinegar,
wine, &c., of Messrs. Beaufoy, covering a space of about five
acres. On this site stood formerly Caeon House, built by
Sir Noel Caron, the Dutch ambassador to the court of Eng-
land for twenty-eight years in the reigns of Elizabeth and
James I. It was a noble residence, with a centre and two
wii^ in the form of half a Roman H, with a large park for
deer, which extended to Vauxhall and Kennington. On the
front of the gateway was inscribed "Omne Solum forti paria."
Fart of this mansion was standing in its former state, at the
commencement of the present century, as "Caron House
Seminary," until the principal part was demolished in 1809,
and the remainder modernized.

Sir Noel was often visited by Queen Elizabeth, especially m
the year 1599, when she dined here on the 27th of July, on
her way to the Lord Burleigh's at Wimbledon ; and among a
list of gifts in the same year is the following : —

" Mounser Caron. Item, gyven by her sayde Highnes, and
delyvered the 15th of October, anno pred' to Mounser Caron,
agent for Flaunders, at his departure out of England, parte of
one cheyne of golde, bought of Hugh Kaylle, per oz. 35oz. qr. of
the goodness of 21 karretts di graine, and parte of one other
cheyne, bought of the sayd Richard Martyn, per oz. 88 oz,
qr. 8 dwt. 6 graynes, of the goodness of 22 karrets di graine:
in toto 68 oz. di 8 dwts. 6 granes.

" Elizabeth.
^^Edwa. Carye^ Robert Cranmer^ N. JSristow,
Nicholas Holtofte, N. Pigeony

In 1617, Sir Noel' gave £100 towards repairing the church,
and £50 to the poor of this parish.

gentleman, a younger brother, who died about thirty years before, and left to
him but small living, which he spent." The correctness of this is verified by
the following entry in the register of St. Olave's, in Marygate, at York : —
'' Mr. Edward Fawkes, Eegistrar and Advocate of the Consistory Court of
the Cathedral Church of York, about forty-six years of age, buried in the
Cathedral Church, January 17th, 1578."-^jabdine's Orivmal 2Wa^, vol. ii.
p. 31.

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180 HlfiTOBT OF.LAMBBTH.

In this parish have been three celebrated gardens, or places
of recreation — Cuper's Gardens, Vauxhall Gardens, and Spring
Gardens.

CuPBE^s Gaedbns, which were inl636 the garden of Thomas
Howard, Earl of Arundel, were near the Waterloo-bridge-road.
The gardens received their name from Boydell Cuper, the
earl's gardener, by whom they were afterwards rented. The
entertainment consisted of fireworks, illuminations, and music,
particularly with the performance of a Mr. Jones, a celebrated
musician on the harp. The gardens were ornamented with
several mutilated statues, the refuse of the collection brought
by the Earl of Arundel from Italy. On their suppression, in
1758, the more valuable part of the marbles above mentioned
were bought by Lord Leinster, father of the first Earl of
Pomfret, and presented by the earl's widow to the University
of Oxford. When Arundel House, on the other side of the
river, was pulled down to make way for the street of that
name, these, and several others of the damaged part of tiie
collection, were removed to Cuper's Gardens ; but numbers
were left on the ground near the river-side, and overwhelmed
with the rubbish brought from the foundation of the new
Cathedral Church of St. Paul. These in after times were dis-
covered, dug up, and conveyed to Worksop Manor, the seat
of the Duke of Norfolk. The refuse of the collection was
removed in 1717, having been purchased for £75 by Mr.
Waller, of Beaconsfield, and Mr. Freeman, of Fawley Court, of
John Cuper. Those which remained were covered with rub-
bish, ana were afterwards dug out by Mr. Theobald, a subse-
quent proprietor of the premises ; and most of them were
presented by him to the Earl of Burlington, who took them to
Chiswick ; the remainder were sent to Worksop.

The site of these gardens was subsequently occupied by
spacious premises for the manufacture of English wines,
erected by Mark Beaufoy, Esq., who carried it on so flourish-
ingly, that he was enabled to pay to the college a rent of
£1200 per annum. On the building of Waterloo-bridge,
Messrs. JBeaufoy removed their manufactory to more exten-
sive premises at South Lambeth.

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HISTORY OF LAHB£TH. 181

SpBiNG Gaedens. — ^The site of these gardens wai3 where
the new road turns off towards the Oval.

The earliest notice specifically referring to these gardens is
by Evelyn, in his IHaryy who says (July 2, 1661), "I went
to see the New Spring Garden at Lambeth, a pretty contrived
plantation." This agrees with the mention of " Les Jardins
du Prin-temps at Lambeth," by Baltshasar Monconys, in his
Voyage d^ Angleterre^ a French traveller, who visited this coun-
try early in the reign of Charles the Second. He speaks of
them as being much frequented in 1663, and "having grass
and sand-walks dividing squares of twenty or thirty yards,
which were enclosed with hedges of gooseberries, within which
were roses, beans, and asparagus."

Pepys, in his Diary, on July 27, 1668, mentions a visit
made by him, his wife Deb. and Mercer, to Spring Garden,
where they *' eat and walked."

Vauxhall Gardens. — ^In a plan lent to Mr. Bray, when
compiling his history, by Mr. Middleton, dated 1681, the pre-
sent Vauxhall Gardens are called Spring Gardens, and are
marked as being planted with trees, laid out in walks, and in
the centre a circle of trees or shrubs. Mr. Middleton remem-
bered large trees, which tiiust have been anterior to the time
of Mr. Tyers, which by degrees died, the last of them in the
year 1805. Mr. Bray seems, therefore, correct in ascribing the
origin of these gardens to Sir Samuel Morland, who in 1666
obtained a lease of Vauxhall House, and two years after, built
a large room, which he furnished in a sumptuous manner, and
constructed in his garden some beautiful fountains. Mr.
Bray conceives this to have been the place to which King
Charles used to come with his ladies ; and suggests that the
room built by Sir Samuel was intended for his and their
entertainment.

Sir Samuel Morland was successively scholar and fellow
of Magdalen College, and tutor to Samuel Pepys. He after-
wards became one of Thurloe's under secretaries, and was
employed in several embassies by Cromwell, whose interest he
betrayed by secretly communicating to Charles II., at Breda,
in 1660, very valuable information.

He was created a baronet by the name 6f Sir Samuel Mor-

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182 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

land, idias Morley, of Southamstede, barrister, county of Berks,
July 18, 1660, by Charles II., who also settled on him a pen-
sion of £500 per annum out of the Post Office for life, and the
benefit of two baronets. He disposed of both, and sold the
pension to Sir Arthur Eangsby.

He married Susanna de IVUlleville (daughter of Daniel de
Milleville, of Bossen, in France, naturalized in 1662), whom he
survived ; and also a second and a third wife, who were both
buried in Westminster Abbey, dying at an advanced age.

On the 17th of March, 1728, a lease was granted by Eliza-
beth Masters, of London, to Jonathan Tyers, of the county of
Surrey, for the term of thirty-one years, of " all that parcel of
ground called Vauxhall or Spring Gardens," at the yearly rent
of £260 ; and there being a large garden with a great number
of stately trees, and laid out in shady walks, he converted the
house into a tavern, or place of entertainment, which became
much frequented.

It was opened for the first time by Mr. Tyers under the
name of Spring Gardens, on the evening of June 7, 1732,
with illuminations and a Bidotto oT Fresco. About four hun-
dred persons attended ; and, the number increasing, the pro-
prietor was encouraged to further exertions. He decorated
the gardens with paintings ; erected an orchestra, and alcoves
for the company ; engaged a band of excellent musicians, and
issued silver tickets for admission at a guinea each ; and in
1738 he set up an organ in the orchestra, and in a conspicuous
part of the garden erected a fine statue of Handel (the work
of Roubilliac) in the character of Orpheus playing on a lyre.
. Mr. Addison, in the Spectator for May 12, 1712, thus
describes his visit, with Sir Roger de Coverley, to these
gardens : —

" We were no sooner come to the Temple-stairs, but we
were surrounded with a crowd of watermen, offering us their
respective services. Sir Roger, after having looked about
him very attentively, spied one with a wooden leg, and imme-
diately gave him orders to get his boat ready. As we were
walking towards it, * You must know,' says Sir Roger, * I
never make use of anybody to row me that has not lost either
a leg or an arm. I would rather bate him a few strokes of
his oar than not employ an honest man that has been woundojd

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BISTOBT OF LAMBXTH. 188

in the Queen's service. If T was a lord or a bishop, and kept
a barge, I would not put a fellow in my livery that had not a
wooden leg/ My old friend, after having seated himself, and
trimmed the boat with his coachman, who, being a very sober
man, always serves for ballast on these occasions, we made the
best of our way for Vauxhall. Sir Roger obliged the water-
man to give us the history of his right leg ; and hearing that
be had left it at La Hogue, with many particulars which
passed in that glorious action, the knight, in the triumph of
his heart, made several reflections on the greatness of the
British nation: as, that one Englishman could beat three
Frenchmen ; that we could never be in danger of Popery so
long as we took care of our fleet ; that the Thames was the
noblest river in Europe; that London-bridge was a greater
piece of work than any of the seveu wonders of the world ;
with many other honest prejudices which naturally cleave to
the heart of a true Englishman.

'* After some short pause, the old knight, turning about his
head twice or thrice to take a survey of this great metropolis,
bid me observe how thick the city was set with churches,
and that there was scarce a single steeple on this side Temple-
bar. * A most heathenish sight ! * says Sir Roger : * there is
no religion at this end of the town. The fifty new churches
will very much mend the prospect ; but church-work is slow,
church-work is slow.'

" I do not remember I have anywhere mentioned in Sir
Roger's character, his custom of saluting everybody that
passes by him with a good-morrow, or a good-night. This
the old man does out of the overflowings of his humanity ;
though, at the same time, it renders him so popular among
all his country neighbours, that it is thought to have gone
a good way in making him once or twice knight of the shire.
He cannot forbear this exercise of benevolence, even in town,
when he meets with any one in his morning or evening walk.
It broke from him to several boats that passed by us on the
water ; but, to the knight's great surprise, as he gave the
good-night to two or three young fellows a little before our
landing, one of them, instead of returning the civility, asked us
what queer old put we had in the boat, and whether he was
not ashamed to go a* wenching at his years? with a great

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184 HISTORY OF LAMBSTH.

deal of the like Thames libaldTy. Sir R(^r seemed a litde
shocked at first ; but at length, assuming a face of ma^stracy,
told us, that if he were a Middlesex justice, he would make
such vagrants know that her Majesty's subjects were no more
to be abused by water than by hind.

^'We were now arrived at Spring Garden, which is ex-
quisitely pleasant at this time of the year. When I considered
the fragrancy of the walks and bowers, with the choirs of
birds that sung upon the trees, and the loose tribe of people
that walked under their shades, I could not but look upon the
place as a kind of Mahometan paradise. Sir Roger told me it
put him in mind of a little coppice by his house in the country,
which his chaplain used to call an aviary of nightingales.
* You must understand,' says the knight, ' that there is nothing
in the world that pleases a man in love so much as your
nightingale. Ah ! Mr. Spectator, the many moonlight nights
that I have walked by myself, and thought on the widow by
the music of the nightingale !' He here fetched a deep sigh,
and was falling into a fit of musing, when a mask, who came
behind him, gave him a gentle tap upon the shoulder, and
asked him if he would drink a bottle of mead with her? But
the knight, being startled at so unexpected a familiarity, and
displeased to be interrupted in his thoughts of the widow^
told her she was a wanton baggage, and bid her go about her
business. We concluded our walk with a glass of Burton ale
and a slice of hung-beef.

'' When we had done eating ourselves, the knight called a
waiter to him, and bid him carry the remainder to the water-
man that had but one leg. I perceived the fellow stared upon
him at the oddness of the message, and was going to be
saucy ; upon which I ratified the knight's commands with a
peremptory look.

"As we were going out of the garden, my old friend,
thinking himself obliged as a member of the quorum to ani-
madvert upon the morals of the place, told the mistress of the
house, who sat at the bar, that he should have been a better
customer to her garden if there were more nightingales and
fewer strumpets."

In 1752, Mr. Tyers purchased one moiety of this estate of
George Doddington, Esq., for the sum of £3800 ; and a few

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HISTOEY OF LAMBETH. 186

yeeoB afterwards, as Lysons informs us from records in the
Duchy of Cornwall Office, " he bought the remamder."

His decease occurred on the 1st of July, 1767; and (says
Mr. Bray) " so great was the delight he took in this place, that
possessing his faculties to the last, he caused himself to be
carried into the gardens a few hours before his death, to take
a last look at them/' He devised this property equally be-
tweeu his four children — ^Thomas, Jonathan, Margaret, and
Ehzabeth. The younger son (Jonathan) conducted the gar-
dens, and continued it till his death in the year 1792, when Mr.
Bryant Barrett, an eminent wax-chandler, having married his
daughter and only child, became part owner, and undertook
the management. He soon after bought the other share. He
died in 1809, and devised this estate to his two sons —
George Rogers Barrett, Esq., and the Rev. Jonathan Tyers
Barrett (afterwards D.D. and Prebendary of St. Paul's), by
the former of whom the entertainments were carried on for
many years. Messrs. Barrett disposed of the property by
auction in March, 1821, to Thomas Bish, Frederick Gye, and
Richard Hughes, who, having obtained the patronage of
George the Fourth, reopened the place in May, 1822, by the
appeUation of the Soyal Gardens. Mr. Bish shortly retired
from the concern ; but Messrs. Gye and Hughes continued to
conduct it until the summer of 1840, when they were de-
clared bankrupts, at which time there were encumbrances on
the property to the amount of £23,000, including several
mortgages. The Court of Review directed a public sale,
which took place at Garraway's in July, 1841. The highest
bidding was £20,200, at which sum it was bought in, the
estate being now in the possession of the trustees of the
mortgagees, Mrs. Webb and Mrs. Hughes, sisters of the late
Thomas Bish, Esq., M.P. It was subsequently rented by
different parties, and the amusements varied, but has now
been closed for some time. It consists of about eleven acres,
and is held of the manor of Kennington.

In this parish are the following Theatres : —

Astley's Amphitheatre, in the Westminster-road, erected
by the late Philip Astley, an uneducated but enterprising man,
with a strong mind and acute understanding ; remarkable for

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186 HISTORr OF LAMBETH.

eccentric habits and peculiarity of manners ; and who binlt
at different periods of his life, at his own cost, and for his own
purposes, no less than nineteen theatres.

He was a native of Newcastle-under-Ljrme, in Staffordshire,
and was the son of a cabinet-maker, by whom he was taught
his own business. He left his home when about seventeen
years of age, and enlisted as a private in General Elliott's
regiment of light horse, with which he served in Germany,
where he obtained the reputation of being a good soldier and
a bold and skilful rider. In the battle of Emsdorff he took
a royal standard of France, though his horse was shot under
him ; but, being remounted, he brought off his prize in despite
of an escort of the enemy's infantry, at least ten in number,
by whom he was wounded. At Friedberg he personally
assisted, under a very heavy fire, in rescuing the hereditary
Prince of Brunswick, when his Highness was wounded withm
the enemy's lines. At a subsequent period, during the revo-
lutionary war with France, he was mainly instrumental in
saving tiie late Duke of York from being taken prisoner in
HoUaod.

In 1763, on his return to England, Mr. Astley commenced
the exhibition of feats of horsemanship, first in an open field
at Lambeth ; and meeting vrith success (although at this time
the possessor of only two horses — ^the one a charger given him
by Greneral Elliott for his intrepidity and good conduct, and
the other bought in Smithfield), he travelled through various
parts of the kingdom, and acquired so much celebrity, that he
was enabled to found an establishment on a plot of ground
near Westminster-bridge, which afterwards became the site of
the amphitheatre. In the beginning of 1784 he built a stage ;
and, having redecorated his amphitheatre in a new style,
opened it under the appellation of the Moyal Grove. After an
active management of twenty years, he resigned the Boyal
Saloon, as it was then called, in 1792, to his son, who carried
it on till 1794, when the building, with all the scenery and
other property, was destroyed by fire. Undepressed by this
calamity, the elder Astley, who was then on the ContitiStK
serving as a volunteer in the army of the Duke of York,
obtained leave of absence and returned to England, where he
exerted himself so effectually, that a new building, on the same

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 187

site as the former, and called the AmphitAeatre of Arts, was
opened to the public on Easter Monday, 1795. Another
conflagration took place on the 2nd of September, 1803,
destroying property to the amount of £30,000, and by which
Mrs. Smith, the mother-in-law of Astley the younger, was
burnt to death in the dwelling-house. When this happened
the elder Astley was at Paris, and on the eve of being com-
prehended as a detenu under Bonaparte's Milan decree ; but
he escaped by stratagem, and again, by his vigorous exertions,
caused the amphitheatre to be rebuilt, and opened on Easter
Monday, 1804.

Mr. Astley, senior, died at Paris on Oct. 20, 1814, in
the seventy-third year of his age ; and his son and successor
died in the same house, chamber, and bed, in which his
father had expired, on October 19th, 1821. They were both
interred in the Cemetery of Pere la Chaise, in the above
city. After their decease the theatre was carried on by Mr.
W. Davis, and then by Messrs. Ducrow and West. On the
morning of the 8th of June, 1841, the entire building was
destroyed by another accidental fire. In October, 1841, the
vacant site, with other ground, was taken, on a lease for sixty-
three years, from John Chevallier Cobbold, Esq., of Ipswich
(which place he now represents in Parhament), the ground
landlord, by Mr. William Batty, who, in the following year,
erected at his own expense the present amphitheatre, which is
much larger and more substantially built than any of the
preceding ones.

The Royal Cobueg, now the Victoria Theatre, in the
Waterloo-road, the first stone of which was laid on the 14th
of September, 1816, "by his Serene Highness the Prince of
Saxe-Coburg and her Royal Highness the Princess Charlotte
of Wales, by their Serene and Royal Highnesses proxy. Alder-
man Goodbehere." It was first regularly opened on Whit
Monday, May 13, 1818.

A Parochial School for boys was established by sub-
scription in the early part of the last century, and is sup-
ported by the same means, together with a fund of about
£1200 in the Three-per-Cents. The school-room was, about

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188 HIBTOKT or LAMBXTH.

thirty years since, neatly rebuilt, on ground belonging to the
see of Canterbury, and let by the archbishop at a peppercorn
rent. There are about 400 scholars in this institution, of
whom from thirty to forty are clothed annuaUy, and several

A ParochiaIi School for girls was established in 1780.
It is supported by subscriptions, from the savings of which,
and some donations, it has realized a fund of £400 in the
Three-per-Cents. There are 200 girls in the school, of whom
forty are clothed.

In 1715, Archbishop Tenison founded a school, which he
endowed with a house and land, for the clothing and instruc-
tion of twelve girls. The endowment, augmented with sub-
sequent benefactions, produces about £360 per annum. The
school-room was rebuilt, about thirty years ago, upon an ex-
tensive scale, and the number of girls (each of whom, on pro-
ducing a certificate of good conduct during a service of three
years, receives a small gratuity) has increased to 250.

In 1661, Major Richard Lawrence gave two houses, with
ground attached to them, in trust, for the clothing and in-
struction of twenty children of Lambeth-marsh, in one of which
the school was formerly held ; but, becoming dUapidated, it was
removed to a neat and commodious building, erected in 1808,
in the York-road, by subscription, in which the children (for
whose benefit the original endowment was sold, and the money
invested in the purchase of £3837. 8*. bd. Three-per-Cent.
Consols, producing £115. 2^. 4e/. per annum) are instructed.

St. John's School, in the Waterloo-road, was rebuilt by
subscription, at an expense of £2200, to which his lat^ Majesty
King George the Fourth gave £100.

The Eldon School, on the road to Wandsworth, was insti-
stituted in 1830, for the instruction of the children of the
parishes of Lambeth, Battersea, and Clapham, in the national
religion, and for the training of young men to act as teachers
on the national system. The children, on leaving school, are

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HI8T0BY OP LAMBSTH. 189

placed out as apprentices. The building is in the later style
of English architecture, and was erected in commemoration of
Lord Chancellor Eldon, at the sole expense of Charles Francis,
who ako provided for its support.

The LiGENSBD Victuallers' School, in Kennington-lane,
incorporated May 3, 1836, was established for the mainte-
nance, clothing, and education of children of deceased and
indigent members of that society.

The present school was erected in 1836, on the site of a
plan brick edifice, which had been originally adapted for the
purpose about 1807. It is a handsome building, designed by
Henry Rose, Esq., architect, of Bermondsey. The basement
story is of stone, and rusticated ; the superstructure is of brick,
but is fronted by a projecting portico and pediment of the
Corinthian order. The interior is commodiously arranged,
and contains distinct schools and other apartments for the
children of each sex. There are two schoolmasters, a matron,
and an upper and under schoolmistress.

Lambeth Ragged Schools. — In Lambeth-walk (close upon
the South- Western Railway) was erected, in 1851, a handsome
building as a Ragged School for Lambeth. It was inaugurated
March 5, in that year, at a public meeting ; Lord Ashley in
the chair. Mr. Erederic Doulton, the honorary secretary to
the committee, gave a sketch of the origin of the school. He
stated: — "In 1845, a few of the destitute and degraded
children of Lambeth were accustomed to assemble for instruc-
tion on sabbath evenings in a school-room in Palace-yard,
near the Palace.^ In the following year, a committee was
formed, at the instance of Lord Ashley, by some gentlemen in
the neighbourhood, for affording the children instruction
during the week. The school was shortly removed to one of
the arches of the South- Western Railway Company, kindly
granted for the purpose, and about that time excited the
sympathy and support of the late Mrs. Beaufoy ; and on her
death, her husband intimated his intention of perpetuating
her memory, and fulfilling her benevolent wishes, by founding
these schools. The building cost the sum of £10,000, and the
^ See view, next page.

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190

HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

mimifioent donor farther set apart £4000, for the permanent
maintenance of the building, llie schools accommodate about
800 children. There are two large class-rooms, one for boys,
and one for girls ; there are also two reception-rooms for the
training of the children on their first admission ; and there are
four smaller class-rooms where young persons who show more

Ancient Honses in Palace Yard.

than usual diligence, are taught in the higher branches of
education. In the larger class-rooms, the committee erected
marble tablets, each bearing the following inscription : —

This tablet is erected by the Committee of the Lambeth Bagged Schools, as
a grateful record of the munificence of HembyBen jamin Hanbfey Bbaupoy,
Esq., of Caron-place, South Lambeth, by whom these schools have been built
and endowed ; and also in grateful remembrance of Eliza, his wife, whose
unspeakable private worth has here a fit memorial, and whose benevolence and
special kindness to poor children^ will live in the gratitude of generations who
shall enjoy the benefit of these schools.

" She stretcheth out her hand to the poor ; yea, she reacheth forth her hand
to the needy." " Children arise up, and call her blessed." — Peov. xxxi. 20
and 28.

The Asylum for Female Orphans, and for the reception
of deserted females, the settlement of whose parents cannot
be found, was instituted in 1758, by Sir John Fielding, younger

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HISTORY OF LAMBBTH. 191

brother of the celebrated novelist) and incorporated in 1800»
The children in the school are maintained, clothed, and taught
reading, writing, and arithmetic ; they are also instructed in
plain needlework, and in household business of every kind,
requisite to qualify them for being useful servants ; at fourteen
years of age, they are apprenticed for seven years as servants
in respectable families ; and on the completion of that term,
receive from the institution a gratuity of £5. 5^., and a testi-
monial of good conduct. The freehold was purchased in 1823,
for £16,000; and in 1826 the asylum was rebuilt from the
designs of Mr. Lloyd. The principal front consists of a low
uniform body and wings (the latter projecting at right angles)
of two stories, with a portico of the Ionic order rising to the
roof, surmounted by a small clock-tower. On the centre of
the western front is a group of statuary, executed and pre-
sented by James Legrew, Esq., emblematical of the support
afforded by the asylum to female orphans. There is also an
attached chapel, commodiously arranged, and provided with a
good organ by Bishop. The establishment includes a domes-
tic chaplain, a morning preacher and an evening preacher, a
secretary, matron, schoolmistress, &c. Orphans are admissible
between the ages of eight and ten years, on the recommenda-
tion of a subscriber or guardian.

In 1623, Sir Noel Caron gave a rent-charge of £28 on his
mansion at South Lambeth for the maintenance of an Alms-
house which he had erected in this parish, for the support of
seven aged widows, to each of whom he allowed £4 per
annum, which has been augmented by the appropriation, in
1773, of £1100 Three-per-Cent. Consols, producing £33 per
annum, part of hxge sums of money bequeathed by Thomas
Earl of Thanet for charitable uses, by his administratrix the
Dowser Countess Gower. When the almshouses were re-
paired some years since by Sir C. BUcke, owner of a great
part of Sir Noel's estate, the workmen broke a marble tablet
placed in the front, which formerly presented the following
inscription : —

D. 0. M. S. NoELUs DB Gabon, Fland. Equ. Schoonewallici Toparcha
illustr. ordinum Confsederat. Belg. Provinc. apud Sereniss. Britan. B€g. Legal,
debitse Deo Glorise genii gratitudinis pauperibus munificentiss monumentum

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192 HISTORY Of LAMBBTH.

quflfecanq.; anno legationia subb xxix. BestauxBtn salutiB. cioiooxiix. F.
— Proverb, xix. 17.
Fsneras Jehovfle si reoordaris pauperum.

These almshouses have been pulled down, and seven others
erected on the Caron property in Fentiman's-road.

The General Lying-in Hospital, for the reception of
patients from all parts of the kingdom, and for the delivery of
out-patients at their own habitations in the metropolis and its
environs, was instituted in 1765, and incorporated in 1830.
It was formerly in the Westminster-bridge-road, near Marsh-
gate, from which situation it was some time since removed to
York-road, where a neat square building of white brick, orna-
mented with stone, with a handsome receding portico of the
Ionic order, has been erected.

The Royal Universal Infirmary for Children, in the
Waterloo-road, was originally established at St. Andrew*s-hill,
Doctors'-commons, in 1816, and is supported by donations and
subscriptions. It administers relief in all diseases of children,
from the time of birth till fourteen years of age, being open
in cases of emergency to all first applications' for adnussion,
without recommendation, and is under the patronage of her
Majesty.

The Benevolent Society of St. Patrick was instituted
in 1784, for the relief of the distressed Irish families in London
and its environs, and for the education of their children. It
is imder the patronage of her Majesty. A handsome and
capacious building was erected for this purpose in Upper
Stamford-street, in 1820, at an expense of £8000, comprising
two schoolrooms, with a house for the master and the mistress,
committee-rooms, and other offices. The children in the
school are clothed and instructed, and on their leaving the in-
stitution are placed out apprentices, or to service in respectable
fiunilies.

Almshouses have been erected in Cold Harbour-lane, by the
Company of Parish Clerks, for eight widows of members of that
fraternity ; and there are numerous and extensive charitable

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HI8T0EY OF LAMBETH. 193

bequests for distribution among the poor, of which particulars
are given in the Appendix.

On the southern side of Kennington-oval is an estate called
Claylands. It was purchased about eighty years ago by John
Fentiman, Esq., at which time the land was chiefly a marshy
and, although producing a noxious vegetation from its stag-
nant pools, had been let for grazing. The new owner, having
drained the ground and filled up the hollows at a consider-
able expense, enclosed several acres for plantations and plea-
sure grounds, and built a handsome mansion for his own abode.
He £ed in his seventy-third year, in June, 1820, and was
succeeded by his son, the late John Fentiman, Esq., at whose
decease, in July, 1838, aged sixty-seven, this estate devolved
on Catherine, his widow, who resided there a few years since.
Within the last twenty years the open fields adjoining Clay-
lands have been progressively occupied for building purposes,
and are now covered with numerous streets and rows of
houses.

Wbstminstbe Bridge. — This bridge was commenced in
1738, from the designs and under the superintendence of
M. Charles Labelye, a Swiss architect and civil engineer.
The first stone was laid on January 29, 1739; and the
bridge was opened with much ceremony by torch-light, be-
tween twelve and one o'clock on the morning of Sunday,
November 17, 1760. The works would have been finished
much earlier but for the sinking of one of the piers in 1747,
which, with its adjoining arches, had to be rebuilt. The
bridge is 1223 feet in length, and 44 feet in breadth between
the balustrades. It consists of thirteen principal and two
smaller arches, all semicircular, which spring from the piers
about two feet above the old water-mark. All the piers are of
Portland stone, most of the blocks being a ton in weight, and
some two, three, four, and even five tons. The roadway across
the bridge was considerably lowered in 1843 and 1844, by
which means from 20,000 to 30,000 tons of the weight on the
arches were taken off. The total cost of construction was
£389,500, being the gross amount of the profits of three lot-
teries, and of various sums granted from the Exchequer by

13

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194 HISTORY OF LAMBEtH.

Parliament.^ The subsidence of several piers about twelve
years since having so materially increased, that some of the
arches showed marks of fracture, the navigation under the
central and two adjoining arches on the Surrey side, was closed
in August, 1846. The stone copings and balustrades of the
bridge were also entirely removed, and hoarding placed at the
sides in their places. A select committee of the House of
Commons was appointed in February, 1846, to consider the
state of the bridge, who reported in August following, advising
that a new bridge be built, and that a bill should be brought
into Parliament the next session to transfer to the Commis-
sioners of her Majesty's Woods and Forests the estates and
property of the bridge commissioners. This was accordingly
done, and the new bridge is in course of erection by the side
of the old one.

Waterloo Bridoe. — ^This noble structure, which Canova,
the late celebrated Italian sculptor, regarded as the " finest
bridge in Europe," crosses the Thames at a nearly equidistant
point from the bridges of Blackfriars and Westminster. This
bridge was built from the designs of the late John Rennie, Esq.,
at the expense of private individuals incorporated by an act
of ParKament passed in June, 1809, under the style of the
" Strand Bridge Company," and empowered to raise by sub-
scription the sum of £500,000 in transferable shares of £100
each, and the additional sum of £300,000 by the issue of new
shares or a mortgage. A new act of Parliament was obtained
by the company in 1818, authorizing a further augmentation
of the funds to the amount of £200,000 ; and in July, 1816,
a third act was obtained, conferring new powers on the pro-
prietors, and ordaining that the Strand-bridge should thence-
forth be called " Waterloo-bridge." The first stone was laid
on October 11, 1811. The arches are all semi-ellipses of
120 feet span, with an elevation of 35 feet, leaving a height
of 30 feet above the surface of the water at spring tides, and
forming a clear water-way of 1080 feet. The piers are 30 feet
in breadth at the base, and 20 feet at the spring of the arches.
Their dimensions in the direction of the breadth of the bridge
are 87 feet each, terminating towards the stream in angles

^ Maitland's History of London. ^

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HlftTOBT OF LAMBETH. 195

formed by the meeting of carved lines ; and upon their ex-
tremities stand two three-quarter columns of the Grecian-Doric
order supporting an entablature, which forms the exterior of a i
rectangular recess or balcony. The sides of the bridge are
defended by an open balustrade, with a frieze and cornice.
This bridge was opened publicly with great ceremony by the
Prince Regent, on June 18, 1817, being the anniversary of
the battle of Waterloo. The present toll for foot passengers
is one halj^enny.

Chabing-cboss Bridos. — This is a chain foot-bridge, ex-
tending across the Thames from Hungerford-market to the
opposite shore in the district of St. John, Lambeth. It was
at first styled "Hungerford and Lambeth Suspension-bridge,"
and was erected pursuant to an act of Parliament passed the
6th and 7th William IV. cap. 133, constituting the proposers a
body corporate under the title of " The Hungerford and Lam-
beth Suspension Foot-bridge Company," and empowering them
to raise the sum of £80,000, in 3200 shares of £25 each, and
the further sum of £26,000 by mortgage, if necessary, for the
completion of the work. The bridge was constructed under
the superintendence of Sir J. K. Brunei, F.R.8., chief engineer,
and P. Prichard Baly, Esq., resident engineer, at a total cost
of nearly £100,000. The platform or pathway is sustained by
chains passing over piers, and forming three reverted arches,
the central arch being 676 feet in span» and the lateral arches
333 feet each. The towers are of brick, in the Italian style
of architecture. Its total length is 1440 feet, height above
high water 28 feet, and breadth 14 feet. It was first opened
on Thursday, May 1, 1845, the toll on crossing it being
one halfpenny. In the same year a new act of Parliament .
was obtained to amend their former acts, and altering the
company's name .to that of the " Charing-cross Bridge Com-
pany." It is in contemplation to make it a carriage bridge,
of a width of 32 feet, with footpaths of 8 feet each. Designs
have been furnished by Mr. Baly, and approved by Sir Benjamin
Hall when in office. By this means a great relief will be afforded
to London-bridge, when the proposed new street from the
Borough is formed.

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196 HISTORY 07 LAMBETH.

Near the Charing-cross-bridge are the Lambeth Water
Works, established " on part of the Belvidere-wharf/' in 1785,
under the provisions of an act of Parliament (25 George III.
c. 89) granted to a company of shareholders, fpr making "water-
works on the Narrow-wall, Lambeth, to supply Lambeth and
parts adjacent with water taken from the Thames." To im-
prove the quality of the water, the company, in 1834, obtained
another act of Parliament to enable them to purchase land for
constructing reservoirs for filtration, &c. This they did on
Brixton-hill, adjoining the Surrey County Gaol ; and by mains
laid from Narrow-wall the water is forced by engine power
into the reservoirs, whence it falls joer ^avitatem for the supply
of the inhabitants.

Near Eennington-lane and the Oval are the South London
Waterworks, which were constructed by a joint-stock com-
pany under the provisions of an act of Parliament obtained
m 1805. The site comprises about five acres, on which t
steam-engine and the requisite buildings were erected, and
two reservoirs formed for the supply of water drawn from the
Thames, but in a purer state, to certain parts of Lambeth,
Newington, Bermondsey, Rotherhithe,Deptford, PeckhamRye,
Nunhead, Camberwell, Dulwich, Clapham, and other adjacent
places. Other works have been raised by the company at
Vauxhall-creek. In 1854, very large works were executed at
a distance of upwards of twenty-five miles above London-
bridge, at a spot about equidistant between Hampton village
and Sunbury, by which the water is suppUed in a far purer
state.

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§lemarfeabk d^Ws*

iN the year 1016, Canute laid siege to London;
but, finding the bridge so strongly fortified by
the citizens that he could not come up with his
vessels to make any impression on the Thames
side of the place, '' he sank a deep ditch on the
south side, and dragged his ships to the west side of the
bridge." The meaning seems to be, that they towed their
ships past the bridge through a canal, which they dug on the
Surrey side of the river for that purpose. Maitland, in his
History of LondoUy states that he had traced the course of this
canal. " By a diligent search of several days," says he, " I
discovered the veatiffia and length of this artificial watercourse :
its outflux from the river Thames was where the great wet-
dock below Rotherhithe is situate, whence, running due west
by the seven houses in Rotherhithe-fields, it continues its
course by a gentle winding to the Drain Windmill, and with a
west-north-west course passing St. Thomas of Waterings, by
an easy turning it crosses the Deptford-road a little to the
south-east of the Lock Hospital, at the lower end of Kent-
street, and, proceeding to Newington-butts, intersects the road
a little south of the turnpike ; whence, continuing its course
by the Black Prince in Lambeth-road, on the north of Ken-
nington, it runs west-and-by-south through the Spring Garden
at Vauxhall, to its influx into the Thames at the lower end of
Chelsea Reach."

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198 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

This was written in 1739 ; and even at that time the inge-
nious and painstaking investigator admits that part of the
line, which he has so minutely described, was not very dis-
cernible to ordinary eyes. But we fear, that in the work of
obliteration, the last century has done more than all the seven
that preceded it. The "marsh on the east of Newington
turnpike,*' where the trench was in Maitland's day "very
visible,'* is now itself visible only to the " mind's eye**; and
as for the seven houses in Rotherhithe-fields, their preserva-
tion would be as great a miracle as that of the seven sleepers
in the cave at Epbesus. In support of his theory, Maitland
adduces the fact, that in the year 1729, when some ditches
were making to drain the low grounds which were part of the
marsh, " there were dug up a considerable number of large
oaken planks, and divers piles, which, from their position,
evidently appeared to have been part of the northern fence of
this canal.** He also learned from one of the workmen, that
when the great dock was made in 1694, "there was dug up,
in the bank of the river, a great quantity of hazel, wiUows,
and other small wood, of a considerable height, laid close
together endways, pointing northward, with rows of stakes
drove in to fasten them ;** whence he came to the conclusion,
that here had been the south bank of the mouth of the canal.

Nevertheless, it has been objected that Canute*s object being
merely to pass the bridge, a much shorter cut than this would
have served his purpose — that, instead of a canal beginning
from the Wet-dock at Deptford, and sweeping round to Chel-
sea, it would have been as much as he had either use or time
for, if he had dug one merely from the place called Dockhead,
in Rotherhithe, to St. Saviour's, Southwark. But there was
probably very little digging. " Three or four different courses,"
says Mr. Allport,^ " have been proposed for this trench ; whilst
the important fact has been lost sight of, that a very ancient
channel, certainly at one time navigable, actually exists for
nearly the entire distance traversed by the imaginary ditch
* composed for the occasion* ! ** The broadest part of it, where
it leaves the Thames, between Rotherhithe and Deptford, is

^ TTaleorde and the New Town, a Lecture deliyered before the members and
friends of the Walworth Literary Institution, Oct. 21, 1845, by Douglaa
Allport, author of the HUtary of CamberweU.

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 199

still called Galley-waU, most probably from its having once
floated galleys ; and its antiquity is fully proved by the fiewt
that it is, and ever has been, a parish boundary. It is, in-
deed, mentioned by Chaucer, in describing the halt of his
Canterbury Pilgrims. The only contemporary and trustworthy
record we possess of this event is contained in the Sawon
Chronicle^ and runs in these words — " Then came the ships of
Gieenawic (Greenwich), and within a httle time went to Lun-
deiie (London), and they delved one mykele (Gr. /x£y«ff, mickle,
muckle, much, great) ditch on the south side, and dragged
their ships to the west side of the bridge, and trenched after-
waids the town about, that no man might either in or out ;
and often they on the town fought ; but they them bravely
witastood." This plain unvarnished statement stands in httle
need of note or comment. It is quite evident that Canute had
arrived abreast of the bridge, since it is said he went from
Greenwich to London, which then lay entirely to the west of
it. It was so inconsiderable a town, that it could not boast
of a bridge more than twenty-two or twenty-three years before
this assault upon it, and lay so compact, that had the ships
put back to Rotherhithe, or even to Dockhead, then perfectly
unconnected with Lundene, mention would certainly have been
made of it. It will, perhaps, be argued, that the Tower being
a strong fortress even in Roman times, they could not have
passed up higher ; but this objection is overruled by the fact,
that it offered no molestation to Ethelred and Olaf eight years
previously. War, indeed, in those days, was a very different
thing from what it now is : they had Uien no artillery ; no
mode of projecting heavy or destructive missiles to any dis-
tance ; no Warner's long-range. This is fully evident from the
fact, that the bridge had been actually pulled from under
the feet of the .besieged by Olaf and Ethelred.* There can
be no occasion, therefore — no possible pretext — for carrying
this trench round a radius of two or more miles, even if the
words of this authentic record did not offer such plain evi-
dence to the contrary.

^ In 1008, London was in the possession of the Danes, when Ethelred
and his ally Olaf, Prince of Norway, in order to recover it, attacked the
bridge, and, by withdramng som$ of the jnles on which U rested, destroyed it
and took the town.

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200 HISTORY OP LAMBCTH.

Trae, a shorter line, passmg from Dockhead to Saint
Savioiir's-dock, has been suggested, but absurdly objected to,
on the ground that in old maps of London (how old?) the
south end of the bridge was defended by an outwork, " in-
tended to cover the Bishop of Winchester's Palace." Unfor-
tunately for this theory, Winchester House was not built for
more than a century afterwards ; so that its protection could
not certainly have been contemplated in the arrangement
referred to. It does, however, appear, from other sources,
that there teas a fort at the south end of the bridge, ei^en
before the date of Canute's invasion ; but it seems to have
been impotent to effect mischief at any distance. In all sjch
old sieges, fighting was a hand-to-hand affiair ; so that tlere
could have been no need whatever to give the townsmei a
clear margin of two or three miles. The absiurdity of trending
the south suburbs of the City with an insignificant diteh, wk^n
it was already defended by a broad river, is only equalled by
that of the Suffolk fanners, who pierce their granary doors
with a large hole for the cat, and a little one for the kitten.
Such a gigantic work would, indeed, have been utterly imprac-
ticable, as is evident from the well-known fact, that many
thousands of men were employed daily, for months, upon a
similar undertaking during the Civil Wars in 1643, although
they had to enclose a space not half so large as that supposed
to have been compassed by the spare hands of a small fleet
under Canute. Had he accomplished such an undertaking,
we should have been disposed to back his courtiers> at lai^e
odds, when they told him that the great sea itself would do
his bidding.

1041 or 1042, June 6. — Hardicanute died at Kennington,^
where there was formerly a royal mansion, whilst celebrating
the marriage of Toni or Tuvi Prudan, and Gytha, the daughter
of Osgod Clapa, two noble Danes.

In the Saxon Chronicle^ is the following notice of the
event : —

^ It is onoertain whether he died at Lambeth, Kennington, or Clapham,
though most probably at the second of those places.
* Ingram's Saxon Chronicle, p. 212, "Hoveden."

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HISTORY OF LAMBSTH. 201

Hep f o ifi'Spepbe Hap'Sacnut cyn^ »t: Lamb-hy^e^ j-pa j). he set
hif bjuncdftob. 7 he psejunjse peoU to J^sejie eoyiSan mib e;ef hcum
an^mne^ ac hine pa jelsehton )>e paep neh psepon 7 he p eoiSiSan naa
popb ne jecpseiJ ac jepafc on vi. ib. tun.

A.D. MXLII.

Thk year died King Harthacnut at Lambeth, as he stood drinking : he
fell suddenly to the earth with a tremendous struggle ; but those who were
nigh at hand took him up ; and he spoke not a word afterwards, but expired
on the sixth day before the Ides of June.

Whether he was poisoned, or whether he died of intem-
perance, is not known.

Erom John Rouse^ we learn, that " the day of Hardicanute's
deaUi was kept by the English as a holiday in his time (four
hundred years afterwards), and was called Hogs Tide, or Hock
Wednesday;" that is, the high or great festival, hooj tibe, or,
from the Iceland, hojj, " slaughter," " excision," from the
general joy on the final expulsion of the Danes. This was
observed in some counties to the time of Charles I. It was
kept on or about the Quidena of Easter,^ which sufficiently
refutes the notion of its being instituted in commemoration of
the slaughter of the Danes by Ethelred, which was celebrated
on the 13th of November.^ It seems to have been kept for
two days, for we read of Hock Monday and Hock Tuesday ;
and it may be in the same manner as feasts of dedications of
churches, and other feasts — commenced on the day or vigil
before, as an introduction to the real feast. In tms parish
there was clearly one day for the men and another for the
women.^ The principal part of the merriment seems to have
consisted in the men or women stopping the way with ropes,
and drawing passengers to them, desiring something to be
given to them. In the direction of these sports the women
took the lead, a circumstance which has been thought bv
some to have had its rise from the wedding-feast at whicn
Hardicanute breathed his last. The money collected on these
occasions was brought to account ; and it appears from the
churchwardens' books of this parish that the sum collected by

^ De RegibuB Jnglia, p. 105, ed. Heame.
* Blount's Law Diet Matt. Paris, anno 1228.
' Huntingdon, Manning.
^ Denne's Additions, p. 898.

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202 HI8T0ET or LAMBETH*

the women always exceeded the collection by the men. The
unmarried women took their part in collecting.

The following entries are extracted from the churchwardens'
books : —

1505. Of Hokkyng money, 3*. Id.

1515. Received of the men for oke money, 5s. Id.
The wyffs for oke money, 15«. Id.

1516. Rec*. of the gaderynge of the churchwardens' weyffes

on Hoke Monday, 3*. 3rf.

1517. The men, 5*.
The wyfe, %8. 4d

1518. The men, 4*. l^d.

1519. The men, 3^. 9d.

The churchwardens' wyflfs on Hokfe Monday, 8*. Sd.

1520. The wyffs, 9^. lie?.

1521. Hoke money, 11*. Sd.

Rec^. of my lady of Norfolke, of Hoke money, 32*. S^d.

1522. Of two women, 6*. Sd.

Of Bivers' wyff oke money, 13*. 4e?.
Of the men, 3*. Sd.
The women, 5*. Q^d.

1523. The women, 10*.
The men, 3*. 4e?.

1554. Rec*. of John Brasy's Wyff money that she received

and gathered with the virgins, 5*. 6d.

1555. Gathered at Hoktyde, 21*. 6d.

1556. Gathered at Hocktyde, 22*. 2d.

Vawse's wyff gathered with the virgins, 34*. 6d.

1557. Gathered, 17*. 4e?.
With the virgins, 9*. Qd.

1566.^ Of the wives gathered for the use of the church, 12*.

The money collected was appropriated to the repairs of the
church.

The observance of Hoek-tide declined soon after the Re-
formation. There is, however, a curious passage in Wyther's
Ahmes Stript and Whipt^ 8vo, Lond. 1618, p. 232, which see^ms
to imply that it was still in a degree observed.

^ In the Chelsea Eegisters are entries of the collection of Hock-moneJ
1606, 1607, and 1611.

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HISTOftT OF LAJCBBTH, 209

Who think (forsooth) because that once a jesie
They can affoord the poore some slender cheare.
Observe their country feasts, or common doles,
A.nd entertaine their Christmass Wassaile Boles,
Or els because that, /or the ckurche*s good^
They in dtfence of Hogk-Tibe custome stood:
A Whitsun-ale, or some such goodly motion,
They better to procure young men's devotion :
What will they do, I say, that fhiid: to please
Their mighty Ood with such fond things as these?
Sure very ill.

1100. — In this year Archbishop Anselm called a synod at
Lambeth to consider of the propriety of the King's marriage
with Maud, sister of the King of Scotland, when it was deter-
mined that it was legal, as the princess, though educated in a
religious house, was not a professed nun.

1189. — In this year an attempt was made to found a Col-
LEGiATB Church in this parish, the site of which is not known.

The circumstance caused a great ferment, through the oppo-
sition it received from the Pope and clergy in general. Upon
the death of Richard, Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1184, a
contest arose between the suffiragan bishops and the monks of
Canterbury, concerning their right to elect the archbishop. At
length a mandate was obtained from the Pope,wherein they were
directed to unite in the election ; but, at the time of election,
the refractory monks did not appear, and the suffi*agans chose
Baldwyn, Bishop of Worcester, the monks exerting themselves
to invalidate the election. Henry II., who was a great favourer
of Baldw3m, prevailed on him (being made acquainted with
the promises of the monks to re-elect him) to renounce his
election. The monks, having obtained what they wanted, pro-
ceeded to a new election, and, according to their previous de-
clarations, re-elected Baldwyn. After th^ specimen of monkish
obstinacy, the archbishop determined to humble the whole
order of monks, and to found a college for secular canons at
Hackington, near Canterbury. He had not only the royal
assent, but was authorised by a bull of Pope Urban III., and
a grant of the offerings made at a Becket's tomb for the carry-
ing on of this work. The monks, however, foreseeing that if
the college were completed, it might not only withdraw the
archbishop from residing among them, but be a serious detri-
ment in other respects to their worldly prospects, they pre-

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204 HI8T0ET OF LAMBBTH.

vaQed on the Pope, not only to order the work to be stopped,
but to be pulled down, and the ground which had been con-
secrated to be unhallowed. Urban died soon after ; and the
archbishop, having great interest with Pope Gregory, his sue*
cessor, again set this design on foot ; and to give the monks
less umbrage, he decided to build the college at a considerable
distance from Canterbury. He applied to the Bishop and
Convent of Rochester to grant him a part of. their estate near
London, for the purpose of building a house for himself and
successors, a church in honour of Thomas a Becket, and resi-
dences for his canons. In compliance vrith his request, he
obtained part of their court at Lambeth, with twenty-four acres
and one perch of their demesne lands there. The archbishop,
thus authorised, began the foundation of the collegiate church
here ; but he did not live to finish it, and in the vacancy of see.
Pope Celestine gave orders that it should be forthwith pulled
down, which was speedily executed by the mob. Archbishop
Hubert Walter, who succeeded on the short administration of
Reginald, resumed the work, and procured from the Prior and
Convent of Rochester the manor and church of Lambeth, which
he caused to be confirmed to himself and his successors, in
1197, by Richard I. When this grant was made, Bishop
Gilbert de Glanville, finding the buUdings of his see greatly
dilapidated, retained a spot of ground sufficient to erect a man-
sion for the use of himself and his successors at Lambeth.

Hubert was doubtful how to proceed with his predecessor's
design. On one hand, he was encoun^ed by the bishops and
clergy i on the other hand, the fear of offending the Convent
of Canterbury, by whom he had been elected, since he knew
their determination and the prohibition of Pope Celestine. To
satisfy both parties he resolved to give up the scheme, and
carry it on at Maidstone ; but this, being likewise opposed by
the monks, came to nothing, and the affau* at Lambeth was
resumed. An active monk was sent to argue the point vnth
him, and so convinced him by his reasoning, that he sent to
the Convent of Canterbury, the Abbots of Chertsey, Reading,
and Waltham, a proposal, that every person to whom he should
give a prebend or canonry in the church of Lambeth, should
swear on the high altar of Canterbury that he would not claim
any right in the election of an Archbishopof Canterbury, nor

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HISTOEY OF LAMBBTH. 205

consent to the translation of the see or the reliques of a Becket,
or of any other reliques, to the prejudice of that church. For the
better confirmation of this agreement, the Prior of Canterbury
was to have a prebend at Lambeth, and to be admitted into
the councils and secrets of the chapter. The monks declared
against this proposal, and sent two of their body privately to
Rome, and obtained a bull from Pope Innocent, commanding
the demolition of the college at Lambeth, and the removal of
the canons. The King, upon this, wrote to the Prior and Con-
vent of Canterbury, charging them with having obtained this
bull fraudulently; at the same time he took the monastery
under his protection, and forbad any one to molest the arch-
bishop. After a variety of intrigues, too long and intricate to
detail, the Pope and Cardinals gave a definite sentence for the
demolition of Lambeth Chapel, and sent to the archbishop an
express command for that purpose, with letters to his su&agans,
and to the King. About Michaelmas, 1199, this cause, so long
in agitation, was brought to a conclusion, and all hope for ever
taken away from the secular canons of returning. Humihating
terms were offered to the archbishop, which he did not think
fit to accept. Lambeth, however, was benefited by this dis-
pute, which procured it the honour of being made the archie*
piscopal residence.

1231. — ^This year King Henry III. kept a stately Christmas
at Lambeth, at the charges of Hubert de Burgh, his favourite
and justiciary.

1232. — On the 14th of September a Parliament was held
here, wherein an aid of the fortieth part of the movables of the
whole nation was granted to Henry HI. for the payment of
the debt he owed to the Duke of Bretagne.^

1234. — ^Parliament held here.

1261. May 3 (45 Hen. HI.) — ^A council was held at Lam^
beth, in which the provincial constitutions of Boniface, Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, were published.

1280. (8 Edward I.) — ^A council was held here by Arch-
bishop Peckhan»; and a second, by the same prelate the year
foUovdng, by which the constitutions of the legates. Otto and
Ottobon, were renewed, and a subsidy granted by the clergy
of a fifteenth for three years.

1 Matt. Paris, p. 367.

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206 HISTOET or LAMBBTH.

1 380. — ^The clergy met here again, preparatory to the sHting
of a council here.

1342. — ^Edward III. kept his Christmas at Kennington.

1345. (19 Edw. III.)— John de Montfort, Duke of Brittany,
did homage to the King in Lambeth Palace.

1377. — In this year a remarkable mummery was made by
the citizens of London, for disport of the young Prince Richard,
son of the Blabk Prince, and at that time only ten years old.

'* On the Sunday before Candlemas, in the night, 130 citi-
zens, disguised and well horsed, in a mummery, with sound of
trumpets, sackbuts, comets, shalmes, and other minstrels, and
innumerable torch-lights of wax, rode from Newgate through
Cheap over the bridge, through Southwark, and so to Kenning-
ton, besides Lambeth, where the young prince remained with
his mother and the Duke of Lancaster (his uncle), the Earls
of Cambridge, Hertford, Warwicke, and Suffolke, with div^^s
other lords.

'' In the first rank did ride 48 in likeness and habit of
esquires, two and two together, clothed in red coats and
gowns of say or sendal, with comely vizors on their faces.

'' These maskers, after they had entered the manor of Ken-
nington, alighted from the horses, and entered the hall on foot ;
which done, the prince, his mother, and the lords came out of
the haU, whom the mummers did salute \ shewing by a paire
of dice on the table, their desire to play with the prince, which
they so handled, that the prince did alwais winne, when he
came to cast at them. Then the mummers set to the prince
three jewels, one after another, which were a boule of gold, a
cup of gold, and a ring of gold, which the prince wonne at
three casts. Then they set to the prince's mother, the duke,
the earls, and other lords, to every one a ring of gold, which
they did also win. After which they were feasted, and the
musick sounded, the prince and lords danced on the one part,
with the mummers who did also dance ; which jollity being
ended, they were again made to drink, and then departed in
order as they came.''

1381. — ^The commoners of Essex, during the insurrection of
Wat Tyler, went to Lambeth Palace, burnt and spoiled all the
furniture and books, and destroyed all the registers and public

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HI8T0ET OF LAMBBTH. 207

papers. Archbishop Sudbury, who was the King's chancellor,
fell a sacrifice to their resentment.

1396. — Richard II. returned from France with his young
queen, Isabella, to the Palace at Kennington.

1412. March. — ^The convocation, which met in the Chapter
House of St. Paul's, London, was continued to Lambeth Church;
where, on Wednesday, June 6, Archbishop Arundell, with the
prelates and clergy, condemned a great number of treatises,
containing certain heretical and erroneous conclusions; and
the tenor of those which were most obnoxious, to the number
of upwards of three hundred, are specified in the register of
that primate. — Wilkins's Councily vol. iii. p. 333.

1463. July 16. — ^The whole convocation being assembled
in St. Paul's Cathedral, Simon Harrison, dressed in the habit
of a Dominican, or preaching friar, was brought before the
Archbishop (Bourchier) and his brethren. He was appre-
hended on suspicion, by the archbishop's chaplain, whilst
saying mass in Lambeth Church ; and, on being interrogated,
he confessed that he had committed idolatry, by celebrating
mass, for a long time, though he was only an acolyte. He
was delivered into the custody of the Bishop of Winchester to
be punished ; but the sentence afterwards passed upon him is
not noticed. — Idid. p. 685.

1486. — Henry VII. came from Kennington to Lambeth, and
was entertained there by Archbishop Bourchier, who crowned
him a few days afterwards at Westminster.

1601. — Catherine of Arragon, upon her first arrival in Eng-
land, lodged some days at the archbishop's Palace at Lambeth.

1655. — ^The Legatine Synod, assembled at Lambeth Palace,
was, Feb. 10, by motion from the prolocutor, continued to the
next day, to meet in Lambeth Church, for the purpose of
hearing the pubUcation of the provincial constitution of Car-
dinal Pole,— /3«W. vol. iii. p. 338.

1566. July 21. — Queen Mary removed from St. James's-in-
the-Iields unto Eltham, passing through the Park and White-
hall, where she took her barge, crossing over to Lambeth unto
my Lord Cardinal's palace. And thence she took her chariot,
and so rid through St. George's-fields to Newington, and so
over the fields to Eltham at five o'clock in the afternoon. She
was attended, on horseback, by the cardinal, and a conflux of

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208 BISTORT OF LAMBBTH.

people to see her grace, above ten thousand. In the winter oi
the same year the Queen went by bai^e to Lambeth Palace,
and there dined with Cardinal Pole and divers of the Council ;
and the next year she did the same> and after dinner removed
to Richmond, "and there h^ grace tamed her pleasure."^ She
is said to have completely furnished Lambeth Palace for the
reception of Cardinal Pole, at her own expense.

1558. — Cardinal Pole died here, and his body lay here in
state forty days, when it was removed to Canterbury, to be
interred.

1568. — Queen Elizabeth entertained at Lambeth by Arch-
bishop Parker. This prelate was frequently visited by Eliza-
beth; and the confidence she reposed in him induced her
to employ him in many affairs of great trust. She committed
to him the custody of the deprived Bishops Tonstal andThirlby;
Dr. Boxal, late secretary to Queen Mary ; the unfortunate Earl
of Essex, previous to his confinement in the Tower ; the Earl
of Southampton ; Lord Stourton ; Henry Howard, brother of
the Duke of Norfolk ; and many others. They were all, by
the worthy primate's munificence, treated with great kindness,
having lodgings to themselves, and, says a contemporary writer,
<* several with chambers for three men, and diet for them all in
those lodgings ; save only when they were called to the arch-
bishop's own table (when he dined, as the speech went abroad,
out of his own private lodging three days weeklie ; and then
persons of the degree of knights and upwards came to him) ;
fewel for their fier, and candle for their chambers ; without
any allowance for all this either from the Queen or from them-
selves ; saving at their deths he had from them some part of
their libraries that thei had thar. Often had he others com-
mitted or commended unto him from the Queen or Privy
Council, to be entertained by him at his charge, as well of other
nations as home subjects ; namely, the L — — , as a prisoner,
and after L.H.Howard, brother to the Duke of Norfolk.
Those ever sat (but when thei wear with the archbishop him-
self) at the steward's table, who had provision of diett answer-
able to their callinge,and they had also fewel to their chambers."

1573. — In this year *' the Queen (Elizabeth) removing from
Hampton Court to Greenwich, visited the archbishop at Lam-/

^ Strype's Eccles, Mem, vol. iii. p. 304.

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 209

beth, where she «taid all night. That day was Tuesday — the
next day, being Wednesday, it was usual, as it was the season
of Lent, that a sennon should be preached before the Queen.
A pulpit was therefore placed in the quadrangle, near the
pump, and a sermon was delivered by Dr. Pearce. The Queen
heard it from the upper gallery that looks towards the Thames ;
the nobility and courtiers stood in the other galleries which
formed the quadrangle. The people from below divided their
attention between her Majesty and the preacher. When the
sermon was over they went to dinner. The other parts of the
house being occupied by the Queen and her attendants, the
archbishop received his guests in the great room next to the
garden below stairs. Here, on the Tuesday, he invited a large
party of the inferior courtiers. In the same room, on the Wed-
nesday, he made a great dinner; at his own table sat nine
earls and seven barons, besides the usual table for the great
officers of state, where sat the Lord Treasurer, the Lord Ad-
miral, the Chamberlain, and others. The whole of this charge
was bom by the archbishop. At four of the clock on the
Wednesday afternoon, the Queen and her court removed to
Greenwich."^

Archbishop Whitgift received no less than fifteen visits
from Elizabeth, she frequently staying two or three days at
Lambeth.

By the churchwardens' accounts, it appears that in 1584,
the Queen was at the archbishop's twice ; 1 585, twice ; 1 587,
three times; 1589, once; 1591, once; 1593, once; 1596, once;
1699, twice; 1600, once; 1602, twice. King James honoured
Whitgift with many visits, the last on Feb. 28, 1604, when
the prelate was on his deathbed. The Eing, from his sense
of the great need he should have of him at that particular
juncture, told him he would pray to God for his life ; and that,
if he coidd obtain it, he should think it one of the greatest tem-
poral blessings that could be given him in this kingdom. The
archbishop would have said something to the King, but his
speech failed him ; and, though he made two or three attempts
to write his mind to him, he could not, the pen faUing from
his hand, through the prevalence of his disease, which was
paralytic.

^ Parker's Antiq, EccUa. Brit. edit. Brake, p. 557.

14

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210 BISTORT OF LAMBETH.

1622. — ^Archbishop Abbot held many meetings for the tarial
of ecclesiastical causes in his palace, and sat there with the
Bishops of Winchester, Durham, Lincoln, and several privy
councillors, to inquire into the charges against Anthony de
Dominis, Archbishop of Spalatro, who appearing in person, was,
after a recapitulation of his misdemeanors, in a long Latin
oration, commanded by the archbishop, in his Majesty's name,
to quit the kingdom within twenty days, and at Ins peril never
to return again.

Archbishop Abbot, complaining of the charges to which he
was subjected, from the High Commission Courts being held
at Lambeth Palace, thus expresses himself in his narrative : —
*' 1 think it may be justified by my officers upon oath, that
since I was archbishop, this thing alone cost me out of my
private estate one thousand pound and a half, and if I did say
two thousand, it were not much amiss, besides all my trouble
of my servants, who, neither directly or indirectly, gained £5
by it in a whole year, but only travel and pains for their
master's honour, and of that they had enough, my houses
being like a great hostelry every Thursday in the term, and
for my expenses no man giving so much as thanks.

" At the opening of the commission for the loan, when, after
some trial in Middlesex, the sitting was for Surrey, in my
house at Lambeth, and the lords were there assembled with
the justices of the whole county, I gave them entertainment in
no mean fashion ; and I sate with them, albeit I said nothing,
for the confusion was such, I knew not what to make of it."^

1640. May 11. — ^At midnight the apprentices of London,
to the number of 500, attacked Lambeth Palace, and continued
there several hours destroying the windows. Archbishop Laud
thus mentions it in his i>ea/y ; "1640, May 9. A paper posted
upon the old Exchange, animating 'prentices to sack my house
upon the Monday following. — May 11, Monday night. At
midnight my house was beset with 500 of these rascal routers.
I had notice, and strengthened the house as well as I could ;
and, God be thanked, I had no haim : thev continued there
full two hours. Since, I have fortified my nouse as well as I
can, and hope all may be safe. — May 26, Thursday. One of

* Whitlock's Mmariala, vol. i. pp. 453, 455.

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 211

the chief, being taken, was condemned at Southwark, and
hanged and qaaj*tered on Saturday morning following/^ ^

1642. Aug. 19. — Captain Roy don entered Lambeth House*
with 200 foot and horse, and took away the arms.

^ " Such a riot was in itself a serious offence, and the leaders of it sub-
jected themselves to punishment, though no harm was done beyond threaten-
ing and hard words. But it is atrocious to see the cold-blooded manner in
which the head of a Christian Church, and the model historian of the Hoyalists,
can speak of the hanging and quartering of the offender. Clarendon says
that the man was a swlor ; but neither he nor the archbishop relates the worst
part of the story. Miss Aikin, in her interesting Memoin of the Court of
King Charles^ makes up for this deficiency, and corrects some of their mis-
takes, or wilM misrepresentations. She says : — ' This person, named John
Archer, was a drummer in the North ; but, having obtained leave of absence
immediately after the dissolution of Parliament, he joined in the attack on Lam-
beth Palace, and was taken into custody. Being rescued from prison by his com-
rades, he was subsequently proclaimed as a traitor. The captain of his troop
in the North, seeing the description of his person in the proclamation, wrote
to the Council to inform them where he was to be found, upon this the poor
drummer was arrested, and paraded through the City by a troop of train-
bands to the Tower.' *0n the Friday following,* says a contemporary,
' this fellow was racked in the Tower to make him confess his companions.
I do fear he is a very simple fellow, and knows little or nothing, neither
doth he confess anything save against himself. But it is said there will be
mercy shewed to save his life ; but this is more than I am yet certain of. The
King's seijeants. Heath and Whitfield, took his examination on the rack last
Friday.' It will be recollected that, in the case of Felton, the judges had
solemnly decided against the use of torture, as always, and in all circum-
stances, contrary to the law of England. Its subsequent employment in this
case was, therefore, an enormity destitirte of all excuse, and it can scarcely be
doubted that it was perpetrated by the direction of Laud himself. In all pro-
bability, the execution of the virretched victim preserved the atrocious secret in
few hands, or it would surely have attracted the notice of the Long Parlia-
ment. The circumstance is mentioned by no historian, but the warrant for
applying the torture still exists in the State-Paper Office. It has been printed
by Mr. Jardine, in his interesting tract on the Use of Torture in England." —
Pictorial England^ b. vii. p. 2 19.

' Lambeth Home, and the Manor of Lambeth, seem to have been the usual
names by which the archbishops distinguished this residence, and not by the
modem title ot palace; of which many examples are given in their letters.
Palace appears to have been a term appropriated to the mansion of the bishop,
in the city that gave name to the see. This distinction is plainly marked by
Bonner, Bishop of London,* and by the executors of Archbishop Grindall,
in the reasons offered why they ought not to pay the heavy dilapidations de-

* « Given at my home at Fulham, July 25, 1549."

" Dated at the Bishop's Palace of London, Oct. 25, 1554."

WiLKiNS, vol. iv. pp. 36, 108.

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212 HISTOBT OP LAMBETH.

Nov. 8. — Lambeth. House was seized by Captain Browne
and a party of soldiers, in pursuance of an order made by the
House of Commons, that some of their members should re-
ceive the archbishop's rents, and apply them to the use of the
Commonwealth. Soon after, the House of Commons voted
that it should be made a prison, and that Dr.Ijeyton, or
Leighton, who had been severely punished by the High Com-
mission Court, should be appointed the keeper. At first some
of the archbishop's servants were suffered to continue there ;
but, upon a petition of Dr. Leighton, stating that they made
his prisoners unruly, they were removed. The furniture was
sold, and the wood and coal reserved for the soldiers. This
year, fortifications were thrown up round London, including
Lambeth and Southwark, which were finished with incredible
speed : men, women, and children, assisting.

Amongst the prisoners confined in Lambeth House during
the Civil Wars, were the Earls of Chesterfield and Derby ; Sir
Thomas Armstrong, who was afterwards executed for being
concerned in the Duke of Monmouth's rebeUion ; Dr.AUestrey,
a celebrated divine; Richard Lovelace, the poet; and Sir
George Bunkley, Lieutenant-Governor of Oxford, who died at
Lambeth 1645.

1642-3. Feb. 19. — A most violent and sacrilegious outrage
was committed in Lambeth Church, in the midst of divine
service, and whilst the Te Deum was reading, by the soldiers
who had the guard of Lambeth House, then a prison, at the
instigation of Dr. Leighton. They broke into the church with
muskets and drawn swords, affrighted the whole congregation,
tore the Prayer Book to pieces, puUed the minister's surplice
off, wounded one of the inhabitants, who soon after died, and
shot another dead as he hung by his hands on the churchyard
wall, looking over to the palace court. From depositions
taken before the coroner, and the speeches which fell from
their own mouths, it is probable their principal aim was to
have murdered Dr. Featley, the then rector, which might have
been effected had not some honest inhabitant forewarned the
doctor, who was at the time on his way to church, intending

manded by Archbishop Whitgift ; not but that most of their manorial houses,
whilst inhabited by the prelates, might be entitled to the greater part, if not
all the privileges annexed to their episcopal palaces. — Denne's Addenda to
HUtary of Lambeik.

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HISTORY OF LAMBETH. 213

to have preached. Some of them, amongst other scurrilous
and malicious speeches, were heard saying of the doctor, " They
would chop the rogue as small as herbs to the pot for suffering
pottage" (by which name they usually styled the Book of
Common Prayer) " to be used in his church ;" others, " They
would squeeze the Pope out of his belly," &c.

1648. — ^This year, Lambeth House and Manor were put up
for sale, and purchased by Thomas Scot and Matthew Hardyng
for the sum of £7073. 0*. 8d. Scot was secretary of state to
the 'Protector, and one of the persons who sat on the trial of
Charles I., for which he was executed in 1660 at Charing-cross.

1684. — A great frost on the Thames, which continued from
Jan. 1 to Feb. 8. On Jan. 9, Evelyn says he walked across
the ice firom Westminster-stairs to Lambeth, and dined with
the archbishop, afterwards returning across the ice to the
Horseferry. On Feb. 5, he crossed in his coach from Lam-
beth to the Horseferry at Milbank.

1694. Oct. 3. — Queen Mary paid a visit to Archbishop
Tillotson, as appears from an entry in the churchwardens'
accounts of five shillings paid to the ringers on that occasion.
In this year was found, near King's Arms-stairs, in College-
street, irfter a great flood, a gold ring, weighing the value of
forty shillings, which was left in the sand near the bank. It
was shown to the Society of Antiquaries by Mr. Theobald, in
1727. It had two inscriptions, in old French. On the seal
part, round a dove with an olive-branch in her mouth, which
falls over her back, Penci de mot. Within the circle, De

BON COR.

1697. — In this year, Christopher Clarke, afterwards
Archdeacon of Norwich, and prebendary of the fifth stall in
Ely Cathedral, was ordained priest in Lambeth Chapel, the
ceremony being honoured with the presence of the Czar Peter
the Great, who happened to be in England on his travels.

1736. — In this year, mobs collected in Lambeth, interro-
gating the people whether they were for the Irish or not, who
were at that time very obnoxious.

1750. March 8. — ^There was a shock of an earthquake felt
at a pottery in Lambeth : it threw down the roof of a pot-
house ; and the fishermen then at work on the river, imagined
a porpoise, or some other large fish, had risen under the boat.^

1 Philosophical Transactions ^ vol. xlvi. p. 700.

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214 HIBTOBY OP LAMBSTH.

1776. — ^In this year the Palace at Lambeth was declared to
be extra-parochial by a suit in the Common Fleas.

1780.— Lord George Gordon and a body of about 20,000
persons met in St. George's-fields, which meeting was the cause
of the riots in the city of London. They bmnt the King's
Bench Prison, let loose the prisoners, and threatened Lam-
beth Palace, which the timely interference of the military
protected.

In 1 783, a most daring robbery was committed at the palace.
His grace having required sundry repairs and alterations to be
made about the palace, a number of workmen were employed.
Among them was a man, who, instead of leaving the palace at
meal times, generally sat on the stairs to take his refreshments.
The steward (Mr. Sampson), considering the man's sobriety,
ordered the servants to give him a pint of ale each day. It
turned out the man remained there to make his observations
as to the best mode of effecting a robbery. The plate, of ^ the
value of £3000, was kept in a small room or doset, and for
security, during the alterations and repairs, the room or closet
was ordered to be bricked up. On the morning of the rob-
bery it was discovered that a great part of the new brickwork
was removed. All means of discovering the thieves were re-
sorted to in vain. Some lightermen,however, who were detained
by late tides near Blackfnars, thought th^ heard an unusual
tinkling noise in a timber-yard hard by, climbed the wall, and,
on looking over, saw two or three men hammering some bright
substances together. After arming themselves, they entered
the place, and secured one man out of the three, who acknow-
ledged the robbery, and was given into custody. His com-
panions escaped to Holland, and, although afterwards seen in
London, the archbishop forbore to prosecute them, being con-
tent that one criminal had been made an example of to pubUc
justice. The loss sustained by the robbery was about £1000.
The plate recovered had been concealed in a drain near where
the thieves were found.

1799. — In this year, when the country was in danger of
invasion, the parish of Lambeth sent their quota, who were
reviewed, along with the other yeomanry cavalry corps and
infantry of the county of Surrey, by the King on Wimbledon-
common, on the 4th of June. The cavalry sent by Lambeth

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HISTOBY OP LAMBJSTH. 215

consisted of thirty-nine men, and the infantry of sixty-five men,
both commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Sir Robert Burnett.

1848. — On Monday, April 10, the celebrated meeting of
Feargus O'Connor and the Chartists on Kennington-common,
which caused so great a commotion in the metropoUs, took
place.

The delegates assembled at nine o'clock in the morning
at their usual place of meeting, the Literary and Scientific
Institution, John-street, Fitzroy-square. After some discussion
respecting a communication which had been received from
Scotland-yard, stating that the commissioners of pohce were
iistructed to inform Mr. M'Grath that the petition would be
alowed to be taken to the House of Commons, but that no
piocession would be allowed to take place, Mr. O'Connor
nude some observations, in which he anjaounced that they had
5p00,000 signatures to the petition, and urged them not to
indst upon fhe procession if opposition were offered. After
sane remarks from Mr. Ernest Jones, recommending them to
pDceed with the procession in the t^th of every prohibition,
a resolution was passed adjourning the meeting to the Common.
Ihring this discussion, two newly constructed cars had driven
u^ to the doors of the institution. The one intended for the
cmveyance of the monster petition was on four wheels, and
d'awn by as many very splendid farm-horses. The body of
tie car was square, and surmounted by a tastefully constructed
3anopy. The attendants bore streamlets in the varied colours
rf red, green, and white, having appropriate inscriptions. The
/an or car in waiting for the delegates was upwards of 20 feet
n length, with seats arranged transversely. The body of the
3ar was inscribed on the right side with the motto, "The
Charter — No Surrender! Liberty is worth living for, and
ivorth dying for." On the left, " The voice of the people is
;he voice of God," while on the back of the car was inscribed,
' Who would be a slave that could be free ? Onward, we
jonquer — ^backward, we fall !" Eight banners were fixed (four
m each side) to the car, containing similar inscriptions. To
he vehicle were harnessed six farm-horses of superior breed,
md in the highest possible condition. The marshals (desig-
lated by a silk sash of the colours red, white, and green)
laving announced at ten minutes past ten o'clock all in readi-

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216 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

ness, Mr. Feargas O'Connor was the first to ascend the car,
and took his seat in the front of the van amidst loud applause.
He was followed by Mr. Ernest Jones, Mr.Hamey, Mr.M*Grath,
Mr. Clark, Mr. Wheeler, Mr. Reynolds, Dr. Hunter, and other
leaders of the Convention, and they set forth amidst loud cheers.
Passing along Goodge-street into Tottenham-court-road, along
High-street, Bloomsbury, the National Land Company's Office
was reached, and from that building five huge bales or bundles,
comprising the petition with the signatures, were brought out
and secured on tne first car prepared for their reception. Agair
the cavalcade moved forward along Holbom, Farringdon-street
New Bridge-street, over Blackfriars-bridge, the crowd increas-
ing the traon at every step. Proceeding along the Blackfriarj-
road to the Elephant and Castle, and along the Kenningtor-
road, the Common was reached about half-past eleven o'clocl.
Here had already assembled the Irish confederalists, and tte
various bodies of the trades of London, who had intimated ther
intention of joining in the demonstration. Each trade had is
emblematic banner, and the Irish confederalists displayed a vey
splendid green standard emblazoned with the Harp of Erii,
and the motto "Erin go bragh." The numbers presen,
both as spectators and members of the procession, were abort
25,000.

Mr. O'Connor having been informed that the commissioner
of police desired to speak with him, proceeded to the Hornt
Tavern. After the conference he returned, and, amidst the
prolonged cheers of the multitude, spoke at some length in a
strain of much self-laudation, and uttering many vague gene-
ralities about " Liberty,'' " Rights of the People," &c., and
concluded by urging his auditory to disperse peaceably, as the
Government had taken possession of each of the metropolitan
bridges, where the Chartists could not therefore pass without
a sanguinary struggle, and consoling them by the assurance
that " the executive" of the Chartist association would convey
the petition to the House of Commons, and that he himself
would present it that evening. After an address from Mr.
Ernest Jones, Mr. O'Connor again came forward, and asked
the meeting to give him authority forthwith to wait upon Sir
George Grey, and to tell the right honourable baronet that the
people were determined not to come into collision with any

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HISTORT OF LAMBETH. 217

armed force, police or military, and that they were resolved to
keep the peace inviolate that day. The meeting at once re-
sponded to this demand, and Mr. Feargus O'Connor quitted
the van and proceeded on his mission, cheered by vehement
plaudits.

After some further talk by several parties, and the adoption
of a resolution moved by Mr. Clark, the meeting was declared
to be dissolved at a quarter past one o'clock, and the four large
bundles forming the petition were removed from the carriage
and placed in cabs, and taken in charge of the executive com-
mittee to the House of Commons. The delegates then mounted
the carriage, which was dismantled of its trimmings and deco-
rations, and, with its companion, conveyed to a neighbouring
stable-yard ; and at two o'clock, not more than a hundred per-
sons were to be seen upon the Common. Many of these con-
sisted of its usual occupants — boys playing at trap and ball,
and other games ; and by a quarter past two, a stranger to
the day's proceedings would never have guessed, from the ap-
pearance of the neighbourhood, that anything extraordinary
had taken place.

As, from the violent speeches made before the meeting took
place, the Government had contemplated great disturbances,
every arrangement was made to quell them should they arise :
150,000 special constables were sworn in as auxiharies to the
police. All the pubUc buildings were fortified and invested
with soldiery, and the officials and clerks armed not only with
staves as special constables, but with firearms. Somerset
House was packed with the household troops ; the Admiralty
was occupied with a detachment of the 16th and the Sappers
and Miners ; while the Horse Guards and the Home Office were
taken possession of by other regiments of the line. The
Treasury, the British Museum, &c., were also strongly guarded
and fortified. The minor offices, as the Board of Control, &c.,
were also defended by armed detachments ; while other mea-
sures — ^the closing up of the gates, barricading the windows,
and strengthening the external defences — were extensively
adopted. The Custom House was garrisoned by the east
metropoUtan division of the enrolled out-pensioners of Chelsea
Hospital. The residence of the Duke of Northumberland at
Charing-cross, Montague House, and the residences of Sir

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218 mSTORY OF LAMB8TH.

Robert Feel and other noblemen and commoners in Whitehall-
gardens^ were fastened up.

The area surrounding the fountains in Trafalgar-square was
occupied by a detachment of police, amounting to about 200
men. The parks were closed, and the entrance to St. James's
was guarded by a double file of guards and the wardens of
the parks, the latter acting as gate-keepers under the orders
of the military, a corporal or sergeant being stationed as com-
mandant at each gate. Ingress and egress could only be ob-
tained on exhibiting the "pass" granted by the authorities of
Scotland-yard. Patrols of the household troops marched up
and down the Mall, and officers held constant communication
with the several posts. Apsley House was barricaded, and the
bullet-proof shutters were drawn over the windows. Bucking-
ham Palace had not the appearance of being guarded by any
extra strength, but a strong force was ready to march from
the drill-ground of the Wellington Barracks at any moment.
The Bank was also garrisoned by a company of Sappers and
Miners, who erected fortifications and placed cannon on the
roof of the edifice.

The streets of the metropolis, after the various processions
had passed, presented nearly the same appearance as that on
a hoUday. The police having been mostly withdrawn from
their regular duty, and concentrated on special localities, the
town was guarded by special constables, who, either singly or
in bands, paraded the streets and squares, being distinguished
from their fellow-citizens by white bands on their arms and
by staves.

The predominant expression on the countenances of the
passers-by of both sexes, was that of merriment, partly occa-
sioned by the " specials,*' who, despite the excellent and praise-
worthy feeling which prompted them to enrol themselves to
preserve order, did not, of course, look so well drilled or uniform
as the regular police. Their varieties of stature and dress
forced upon the spectetor associations of the comic ; neither
did the union of spectacles which some wore, nor umbrellas
which others carried, harmonize with the insignia of office, or
tend to lessen the merriment. Large bodies of special con-
stables were stationed in Bridewell, the various churches, and
in many of the large manufactories standing in or near the

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BISTORT OP LAMBSTH* 219

lines of the prooessioii, and at Kennington-commoti^ besides
the police and soldiers*

1849. — On Sunday, Dec. 2, the ceremony of consecrating
the Rev. Thomas Dealtry, Rev. Dr. Hinds, and the Rev. Dr.
OlUfant, Bishops of Madras, Norwich, and Llandaff, was per-
formed in the chapel of Lambeth Palace, by the Archbishop
of Canterbury, assisted by the Bishops of London, Lincob,
Carlisle, Manchester, and Hereford.

1850. — On Tuesday, Jan. 29, the Thames overflowed its
banks, and inundated the various thoroughfEU^es along either
shore. So unexpected was the high tide, that no one had made
any preparation to preserve their property, and the consequence
was that mischief to a very great extent was done. In Lam-
beth and the two adjoining parishes, property worth many
thousand pounds was destroyed. In the neighbourhood of the
Commercial, Belvidere, and York Roads, a vast deal of damage
was done. In the Crescent of Belvidere-road the houses sus-
tained great injury, and the furniture was destroyed. As late
as eight o'clock in the evening, the whole of Cdlege-street was
under water about four feet, the lower floors of the houses beiug
full o( water. The furniture belonging to nearly fifty persons
in that street was either destroyed or extensively damaged; and
in the Commercial-road, boats were employed as conveyances
during the flood. Fore-street, Lambeth, Bishop's-walk, as well
as the several wharves on the opposite side of the river at
Milbank, were all under water. Along Vauxhall, the Lammas
Lands at Fulham, and Battersea> the open country presented
broad sheets of water, in many places several feet deep.

1852. — By a public general act of the 1 5th & 16th Victoria,
the Commissioners of her Majesty's Public Works and Build-
ings were empowered to enclose and lay out as pleasure-grounds
for the public, Eennington-common. This has been done;
and, in place of the bare common which formerly existed, we
have now a beautiful garden, intersected by extensive gravel-
walks, affording a place of recreation to the inhabitants, and a
decided improvement to the surrounding houses.

After the battle of Solway Moss, in 1542, many of the
Scottish nobility were made prisoners and sent to London.

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220 HISTORY OF LAHBBTH.

Among them was the Earl of Cassilis, who was committed to
the charge of Archbishop Cranmer at Lambeth. During his
sojourn here, Cranmer earnestly endeavoured to convince him
of the errors of Romanism, and with so much success that the
earl, on his release and return to Scotland, is reported to have
been instrumental in establishing the reformed opinions in that
kingdom.

In Lambeth-marsh resided Thomas Bushell, a man of great
scientific attamments, and a friend of the great Lord Chancellor
Bacon. He obtained from Charles I. a grant to coin silver
monev for the use of the army, when his mint in the Tower
was denied him. When Cromwell assumed the Protectorate,
he absconded, and hid himself in a house in 'Hhis Marsh where
the piqued turret is " for upwards of a year, till his friends
made his peace with the Protector. He lay in a garret, which
was the length of the whole house, hung with black baize. At
one end was painted a skeleton extended on a mattress, which
was rolled up under his head. At the other end was a low
pallet-bed, on which he la^ ; and on the walls were depicted
various emblems of mortality. On the Restoration, Charles H.
supported him in some of his speculations. He died in 1674,
at the age of eighty, and was buried in the Little Cloisters,
Westminster Abbey.

In the parish registers are recorded the interments of some
remarkable characters, of whom no monumental memorials re-
main. Among these is Dr. Andrew Peme, Dean of Ely, and
Master of Peter House, Cambridge, who is accused of changing
his religion four times in twelve years. He was buried here
May 1, 1589; and Simon Eorman, the celebrated astrologer
and physician, who was, says Lilley, " very judicious and for-
tunate in horary questions and sicknesses.'' The same author
relates the following curious story respecting his death : —

" The Sunday night before he died, his wife and he being
at supper in their garden-house, she being pleasant, told him
that she had been informed he could resolve whether man or
wife should die first — 'Whether shall I,' quoth she, ' bury you
or no?' — 'Oh,Trunco,' for so he called her, ' thou wilt bury me,
but thou wilt sore repent it.' — 'Yea, but how long first?' — 'I
shall die,' said he, 'ere Thursday night.' — Monday came, all was
well; Tuesday came, he was not sick ; Wednesday came, and

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HISTORY OP LAMBETH. 221

still he was well, with which his impertinent wife did taunt him
in the teeth ; Thursday came, and dinner was ended, he, very
well, went down to the water-side and took a pair of oars, to
go to some buildings he was in hand with in Puddle-dock.
Being in the middle of the Thames, he suddenly fell down,
saying, 'An impost ! an impost V and so died. A most sad
storm of wind immediately ensued."

Stockwell has been at times the^esidence of many celebrated
characters. Edward Lee, Archbishop of York, was at Stock-
well on June 14, 1 533, when he judicially authenticated, under
seal, the answer of the clergy of his province to the questions
proposed concerping the validity of the marriage of Henry VIII.
with Catherine of Arragon, the widow of his brother Prince
Arthur. From the words used by Wilkins, it would seem
that the King then resided at Stockwell, though he did not
purchase it till some time after. Several acts of John de
Sprat, Lord Bishop of Winchester and Lord Chancellor, are
dated from Stockwell.

That eminent engraver, Simon Francis Ravenet, resided for
some time in Lambeth-marsh. He was bom at Paris, 1706,
and settled in London 1750. He died at a house facing the
Mother Redcap, Tottenhamcourt-road, 1774, and was buried
in St. Pancras Churchyard.

Thomas Banks, R.A., the eminent sculptor, who died in
1805, was a native of Lambeth.

ValentineGottlieb,an ingenious mechanist and civil engineer,
resided in Lambeth-marsh. He was a German, and died here
in 1820.

In Lambeth-marsh, a large piece of land belonged to Wil-
liam Curtis, the celebrated botanist, where he brought together
the finest and most complete arrangement of British plants
ever before collected.

On the north corner of Calcot's-alley resided Francis Moore,
the original author of Moore's Almanack^ where he followed
the joint occupation of astrologer and schoolmaster, and perhaps
of a doctor, as in his Almanack he is styled physician.

Norwood has been celebrated for being the haunt of gipsies.
Pepys, in his Diary, makes the following entry : —

" Aug. 11, 1668. — ^This afternoon my wife and Mercer and

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222 HtSTORT OF LAMBSTH.

Deb. went with Felling to see the gypsies at Lambeth, and have
their fortunes told ; but what they did I did not inquire."

Margaret Finch, queen of the gipsies, who Mved to the age
of 109 years, resided in this neighbourhood. After travelKng
over various parts of the kingdom during the greater part of
a century, she settled at Norwood, whither her great age and
the fame of her fortune-telling attracted numerous visitors.
From a habit of sitting on the ground with her chin resting
on her knees, the sinews at length became so contracted that
she could not rise from that posture, and after her death they
were obliged to enclose her body in a deep square box. She
was buried in Beckenham Churchyard, Oct. 24, 1740.

When this singular race first appeared in Europe they de-
clared that they were driven from Egypt by the Turks. In
Munster's Geography, lib. iii. c. 5, and Murray's Abridgment
of tie History of France, they are said to have first appeared
in Germany about the year 1417, and to have been called
Tartars and Zegins, living hke a race of vagabonds without
religion or laws, their faces darkened, speaking a gibberish of
their own, and practising secret theft and fortune-telling.
Having gained many proselytes, and become troublesome to
most of the states of Europe, they were expelled France in the
year 1560, Spain in 1591, and from England much earlier;
for, in 1630, they are described by the statute 22 Henry VIII.
c. 10, as "outlandish people calling themselves Egyptians,
using no craft or feat of merchandise, who have come into
this realm, and gone from shire to shire and place to place
in great company, and used great subtle and crafty means to
deceive the people, bearing them in hand that they by palmistry
could tell men's and women's fortunes, and so many times by
craft and subtlety have deceived the people of their money,
and also have committed many heinous felonies and robberies,"
wherefore they were directed to avoid the realm, and forbidden
to return under pain of punishment and forfeiture of all goods
and chattels ; and it was enacted, that upon their trials for
any felony they should not be entitled to a jury de tnedietate
linpkB."

The following curioue letter is extracted from the Cottonian
MSS. in the British Museum :^ —

1 Titu8, b. i. 407.

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BISTORT OF tAHBSTH. 228

"After my right hartie commendations* Whereas, the King's
Maiestie, about a twelfmoneth past, gave a pardonne to a com-
pany of lewde^ personnes within this reahne, calling themselves
Gipcyans, for a most shamefuU and detestable murder com-
mytted amongs them, with a speceall proviso inserted by their
owne consents, that onles they shuld all avoyde this his Grace's
realme, by a certeyn daye, long sythens expired, yt shuld be
lawfull to all his Grace's offycers to hang them in all phces of
his realme where they myght be apprehended, without any
further examynacion or tryal after forme of the lawe, as in
their letter patents of the said pardon is expressed. His Grace
hering tell that they doo yet lynger here within his realme, not
avoyding the same, according to his commaundement and their
owne promes, and that albeet his poore subjectes be dayly
spoyled, robbed, and deceyved by them, yet his Highnes' of-
ficers and ministres lytle regarding their dieuties towards his
Majestye, do permyt them to lynger and loyter in all partys,
and to exercise all their falshods, felonyes, and treasons un-
punished, hathe commaunded me to signifye unto yooe, and
the shires next adjoynyng, whether any of the sayd personnes
calling themselfes Egipcyans, or that hathe heretofore called
themselfes Egipcyans, shall fortune to enter or travayle in the
same. And in case youe shall here or knowe of any suche, be
they men or women, that ye shall compell them to depart to.
the next porte of the see to the place where they shall be taken,
and eyther wythout delaye uppon the first wynde that may
conveye them into any porte of beyond the sees, to take ship-
ping and to passe in to owtward portyes, or if they shall in
any wise breke that commaundement, without any tract (hesi-
tation) to see them executed according to the King's Highnes'
sayd lettres patents remaynyng of Recorde in his Chauncerye,
which with these shall be your discharge in that behaulf; not
fayliag t' accomplishe the tenor hereof with all effect and diU-
gence, without sparing uppon any commyssion, licence, or
placarde, that they may shewe or aledge for themselfes to the
contrary, as ye tender his Grace's pleasor, which also ys, that
youe shall gyve notyce to all the justices of peax in that
countye where youe resyde, and the shires adjoynant, that
they may accomplishe the tenor hereof accordmgly. Thus

^ Lewde here means " ignorant," " unlearned."

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224 HISTORY OF LAMBETH.

fare ye hertely wel ; from the Neate the v**" day of December,
the xxix**" yer of his Ma*^ most noble Regne.

" Yo' loujmg ffireend,

"Thomas Crumwell.

" To my verye good Lorde my Lorde of Chestre,
President of the Marches of Wales/*

By statute Ist and 2nd PhiKp and Mary, cap. 4; and 5th
Elizabeth, cap. 20, whoever brought any Egyptians into the
kingdom was to forfeit £100; and for the Egyptians them-
selves, or any one being fourteen years old who had been seen
in their company, to remain one month in the kingdom, was
made felony without benefit of clergy ; and we are informed
by Sir Matthew Hale, that at one of the Suffolk assizes, a few
years before the Restoration, no less than thirteen gipsies were
executed, upon these statutes.

In 1816, a number of gentlemen formed themselves into a
society for the purpose of reducing the number and civilizing
the habits of this useless race. In answer to a series of ques-
tions proposed to competent persons in the different counties
of England and Scotland, answers were received, from which
it appeared that '' all gipsies suppose that the first of them
came from Egypt, that the gangs in different towns have not
any regular connection or organization. More than half of
their number follow no business. When among strangers
they elude inquiries respecting their peculiar language, caUing
it gibberish ; do not know any person that can write it, or of
any written specimen of it. Their religion seldom goes be-
yond repeating the Lord's Prayer. They marry, for the most
part, by pledging to each other without any ceremony. Not
one in a thousand can read. Some go into lodgings in London
during the winter ; but it is calculated that three-fourths of
them live out of doors in the winter as in summer." — Gent! 9
Mag. vol. Ixxxvii. p. 606.

Remarkable Instances of Longevity. — In 1704, Johanna
Keys, 104 years; 1730, Thomas Drayman, 106; 1738-9,
Elizabeth Bateman, 102 ; 1743, Mr. Wills and Mr. Horn, 102;
1749, Mrs. Hellings, 103; 1777, Margaret Baise, 107; 1788,
William Cobb, 101.

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APPENDIX A.

Thb following extracts from the Subsidy Bolls are printed below^
as partly supplying the place of the Census of the present day^ in
showing the numW^ names^ and (in the absence of other distinction^
by the amounts paid) social position^ of the early inhabitants of the
parish of Lambeth. They extend to the 17th of Charles L There
are Bolls after that date^ particularly the returns for the hearth tax
of Charles II., which would be interesting to the natives of Lambeth ;
but the limited nature of this work compels their omission.

No. L

In a Subsidy Boll of the 6th year of King Edward III., 1831,
entitled ^'Taxatio xV^ dno Begi a Laicis concesse in com Surr
anno f . r. E. fcij a conquestu sexto p. Jofiem Dafenoun & Withn
de Weston taxatores & cott in eodem com p. commission dni Begis/'
is the following : —

HuTuhr de Brixistone. — ViU de Lamheth and Kenitone.

D. Wilt Simond, viijrf.

D. Jolie Nyweman, viijd.

D. Witt de Stodhm, xyjd.

D. Witt Stoil, viijrf.

D. Seman de Marisco, yiijd.

D. JoK Sparewe, xijrf.

D. Witt Arnold, viijrf.

D. Tho le Brewer, viijrf.

D. Witt ate bregge, viijd.

D. Thorn de Bery, iij*.

D. JoK Maribom, xijdf.

D. Witt Smart, viijd.

D. Petr Stefhe {oblU.) —d.

D. JoK Yuori (Ivory), viijrf.
D. Bend le Kart'e, XYjd.
D. Bic Stefin, —d.
D. Nicfi Gerard, Tvjd.
D. Walt le Baker, iij*.
D. Job le Kart^e, viijrf.
D. Bic Walter, viijrf.
D. Bic Nyweler, xyjd.
D. Witt Hagerston, viijrf.
D. Walt Copsi, viijd.
D. Witt Stoil, viijd.
D. Jot ate Hacche, viijrf.

Sm XXV*. viijrf. pS.

Vill de Stockwell and Suthlamhitthe.

p. Dauid de Stokwell, xviijrf. D. Matild Hauekin, ij*. viijd.
D. Bog ate heche, viijd. D. Bic Brangweyn, ij*. viijrf.

D. Estina ate heche, viijd. D. Alano Coco (Coke), viijrf.

15

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226

APPENDIX.

D. Witt Brangweyn, ij*. virf.

D. Ric ate fforde, viijrf.

D. Oilbt ate fforde^ xijdf.

D. Thorn de Seyntyne, xijrf.

D. Henr Brangweyn, xijrf.

D. Ric Brangweyn, iunior, xijd.

D. Wall Martin, viijd.

D. Witt Hanekin, viijrf.

D. Nicti ate cruche, xijd.

D. Ric Martin, \ujd,

D. Witt Martin, xijd.

Sm. Txs. pb.
VUlata de Lamheth Dene.

D. Jott de Kingwoode, yja,
D. Js' de Castelakre, x^.
D. Walt Wylekin, ij*. iiijrf.
D. Rad Saleman, viijdf.
D. Jott de Dene, ij*.

Ric Shok, Tiijd,

Rot ate Heche {pblit), — rf.

Rog Fasi, xije/.

Jofi Philip, viijrf.

Ed Lorchu {faint) ^ yvi]d,

Al arwylehill(t;ery/o£»/)viijrf.
D. JoK ateWyke, viijrf.
D. JoK Martin, xvjd.

Sm L. i

D
D
D
D
D
D

D. Ph Martin, xxijd.
D. JoU Arnold, xxrf.
D. Job Roberd, viijd.
D. Robt in-the-lane, viijrf.
D, Hug Marchal, xijd.
D. Rad Neuweman, ij«.
D. Job ffankes, xxd.
D. Job le White, xiiijrf.
D. Galff Page, xijd.
D, Ed Neuweman, iij«.
D. Ric Crabbe, xvjrf.
D. Henr Rose, iij^.
D. Bic Hardel, iiij«. iiijc^.

ijof. pb.

No. II.

In the 6th of Henry IV. (1404) a Subsidy of 20*. on each £20 of
land> was granted for the defence of the kingdom. The following
entry occurs on the roll respecting Kennington : —

Hundr. de Brywston.

D. Henr principeJWatt qui potest expendere quingentas marcas
p. annu & vlt in diu's com Angt p. mauer de Kenyngton
infra Hundr p'dcam quod vat p. annum xiij/i. vj*. viijrf. — Subs
xiij*. iiijrf.

No. III.

In a Subsidy Roll of the 14th and 15th years of Henry VIII.
(1522-23) occurs the following :—

The Hundred off Bryxatone, — De Lambyth cum Membrys.

Subs.

xxvj«. viijd. D. Aleno Hawit, p. bonis, xl. marc«

iiijrf. D. Willfii Smyth, wag, xx*.

iiijrf. D. Rogero Clarke, wag, xxi.

iiijd. D. Wittmo Wylson, wag, xx«.

iijfi. v]«. vjrf. D. Henric Knyght, p, bonis, cmarc.

iiijrf. D. Stepbo Adames, wag, xx«.

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APPENDIX.

227

Subs.

iiijdf. D. Bayuald Johnson^ wag, xx^.
iiijd. D. Thoma Syluesf , wa%, xx*.
iiijrf. D. Ric Dawbome, wag, xx*.
iiijd. D. John Croft, wag, jxs.
iij*.iiijrf. D. Wittm Muber, p. bonis, vj/i. xiij«. iiijrf.

xijrf. D. Witlmo Hyder, p. bonis, xl*.
iij*. iiijd. D. Ric Alyn, p. bonis, yj/i. xiij*. iiijd.
iiijrf. D. Nichao Basynghurst, wag, xx*.
iiijrf. D. Robt Robson, wag, xx*.
iij*. iiijrf. D. Henric Wylde, p. bonis, x.marc.
V*. D. Raptio Boclande, p. bonis, x/i.
iiijrf. D. Willmo Stone, wag, xx*.
ij*. vjrf. D. Ric. Best, wag & p. bonis, vli.

iiijrf. D. Japefd Watson, wag, xx*. *

ij*. Yjd. D. Bic Ploge, p. bonis, v/i.
xijd. D. Rob? Zonnell, wag, xU.
iiijrf. D. Ric Egillson, wag, xx^.
iiijrf. D. Witlm Eterle, wag, xx*.
viij*. D. John Lyngly, p. bonis, xyjli.
iiijrf. D. Joliue Egyl, wag, xx*.
iiijrf. D. Randale {blank in (nig.), wi^, xx«.
V*. D. Katerina Vous, p. bonis, xK.
iij*. vid. D. Ric Symons, p. bonis, vijfi.
xviijrf. D. Warner, p. bonis, iijli.

xijrf. D. Jottne Symonds, p. bonis, xl«.

V*. D. Ric Browne, p. bonis, x/i.
iiijrf. D. Ric ChesweU, wag, xx*.
iij*. D. Andre Parke, p. bonis, yjK.
xiirf. D. Rogero Lotthyn, p. bonis, xk.
xijrf. D. Wiltmo Boelare, p. bonis, xb.
xijd. D. Rogero Spare, p. bonis, 3d*.
xiij«. D. Jotine Rochmonde, p. bonis, xxTJK. vj*. iijd.
ij*. yjrf. D. Magistro Godwarde, p. bonis, v/t.
xxj*. D. Wiftmo Whettly, p. bonis, xxijZt.

ij*. D. Alic Swane, p. terf, iiijfi.
iiijd. D. Geoi^eo Leke, p. wag, xx*.
xijrf. D. Jacobo M'sgall, wag, xl«.
ij*. yjd. D. Witlmo Dl — , p. bonis, vli.
iiijd. D. Gilbrt, wag, {sic) xx*.
xijrf. D. Thoma Black, p. bonis, xls.
XXX*. D. Wittmo Eliat, p. bonis, xxx/i.
vs. D. Ric Bero (Bere), p. bonis, x/i.
iiij*. yjrf. D. Rogero Rowley, p. bonis, ix/i.
iij*. vjd. D. Johne Croche, p. bonis, yj/i. yj*. viijd.

iiij*. D. Ric Adame, p. bonis, viij/i.
iij*. yjd. D. Johne Chamberlayne, p. bonis, vij/i.

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228 APPENDIX.

SubB.

iiij*. D. Thoma Marchall, p. bonis^ iiijK.
vjs, viijrf. D. Mrgistro Kyrlye, p. bonis, xx. marc,
ij*. vjd. D. Joline Thorpe, p. bonis, v/«.
ij«. D. Joline Lawlesse, p. bonis, iiij/«.
iij*. D. Henric Hewat p. bonis, yj/t.
xvjd. D. Wiitmo Smythe, p. bonis, iiij.marc.
xijd. D. Jotine Parson, p. bonis, xl«.
xijrf. D. Thoma Charter, wag, xls.
ij*. D. Ric Bolton, p. bonis, iiijfi.
V*. D. Thoma Hobson, p. bonis, x/i.
V*. D. Wittmo Ben, p. bonis, xK.
iiij*. D, Lodowic Corffett, p. bonis, xliiij*.
^ xijrf. D. Jacobo Colcocke, p. bonis, xU.
Y8. D. Joline Mylys, p. bonis, x/i.
xijd. D. Henric Norys, p. bonis, iijfi.
mjd. D. Joline Bartrop, wag, xx«.
iij«. D. Joline ffauxse, p. bonis, yj/».
V*. D. EoUt Raynolde, p. bonis, x/i.
iij*. D. Willmo Bore, p. bonis, yjU.
iiijrf. D. E/oBt Hyll, p. bonis, xli.
iiijrf. D. Thoma Yong, wag, xx*.
iiijrf. D. Baplio Davyson, wag, xx*.
xijd. D. Jofine Rowgh, p. bonis, xl«.
iiijrf, D. JoKne B/Owler, wag, xx*.
iiijrf, D. Joline Lynde, p. wag, xx*.
V*. D. JotJne Corow, p. bonis, x/i.
iiijd. D. Ric Miller, wag, xx*.
ij*- vjrf. D. Greorge Gnston, p. bonis, v/i.
iiijrf. D. Joline Stevyn, wag, xx*.
ij*. D. Joline Bew, p. bonis, iiij/i.
vj*. D. Johne Barton, p. terr, xij/i.
iij*. D. Wittmo Guston, p. bonis, yj/i.
xviij. D. Ric Rowleyns, p. bonis, iij/i.
xviij. D. Withno Nasshe, p. bonis, iijK.
iiij^. D. Raplio Curg, wag, xx«.
xijrf. D. Rogero Hanyng, wag, xl*.
xij*. D. Alic Gelbrent, p. bonis, xl*.
iiijd. D. Joline West, wag, xx*.
iiijd. D. RolSt Haslam, wag, xx*.
yjfi. D. Dna Leghe nup vxor Joli .... terf , c/i. aut.

D. Joline Lejgh, essquyer, p. terr, Ix/i. yj*.
T3LS. D. Rapli Lyghe, p. bonis, xxxZi.

D. Duna Howard Knighte alij flfesffen ipius
Jolii Lyghe in terr, iiij/i.
xije/. D. ffrancisco Langley, wag, xl«.
xijrf. D. Wiltmp Wodeward, wag, xl*.

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APPENDIX. 229

Subs.

iiijrf. D. Jotine Thomebere, wag, xx^.

iiijd. D. Withno Hyll, wag, xx*.

iiijrf. D. Withno Scotred, wag, xx«.

iiijrf. D. Jotine Sauage, wag, xx*.

iiijrf. D. Thoma Lee, wag, xx*.

iiijrf. D. RolSt Mayatt, wag, xx*.

iiijrf. D. Thoma Haydon, wag, xx*.

iiijrf. D. Jacobo Golsmythe, wag, xx*.

iiijd. D. Thoma Holson, wag, xx^.

iiijrf. D. Jofine Broke, wag, xx«.

iiijrf. D. Humff Ashamecrosse, wag, xx^.

iiijd. D. Thoma Cegge, wag, xx«.

iiijrf, D. Rogero Bryge, wag, xxs.

iiijrf. D. Jofine Champnen, wag, xx*. *

iiij«. D. Thoma Eelike, p. bonis, viijK.

Y8, D. Henrico Male, p. bonis, xK.
xijrf, D. Jofine Waller, p. bonis, xl«.
xijrf. D. Edin Dixsen, p. bonis, xl*.
mjd. D. Jotine London, wag, xxs.

Sm D. pochia Lambyth, xxxiiij/i. yiij J.
Vnde anteceparis, xiij/e. xvij*. iiijrf.
Sic Rem, xx/i. vij*. viijd.

No. IV.— 37/A Henry VIII. 1545.

Surr. — Pticle compi Henrici Knyht gen cotttoris p^me xv<». & xm.
duar xva. & xa. dno Begi nunc Henr YIII. a laicis anno regni
sni xxxvij. concesi in hundris subscriptis in com pMco.

Hundrm de Brhcton.
Lambith cu Kenyngton sine deduccoe xvj*. viijrf.
Lambith cu Dene vlt* xvij«. viijrf. deduc? xxiij*. xd.
Stokewell cu Southlambith vlt* ij*. deduc? xix*.

No. v.— 3rd of Edward VL 1548.
Thextracte Indentyd made the xxij day of Apryll,jn theThyrde
yere of the reign o' Sou^aign lord Edward the Syxte, by the grace
of Ood Kynge of England, ffraunce, & Ireland, defend' of the fay the
& of the Churche of England, & also of Ireland, in Earthe the sup^me
hedd of & for the fyrste payment of a Belyef Grauntyd vnto his
hyghnes by the laye Subiects in his hyghnes plyament holden att
Westm in the seydThyrde yere of hys most gracyous Beign, taxed,
Batyd, & Sessyd w*^ in the Hundred of Bryxston, in the Countye
of Surr, before Syr Thomas Pope, Knyght; Syr Bobt. Curson,
Knyht, Second Baron of o' seyd Sou^aign lord^s Courte of the Ex-
chequer ; John Skott, Esquyer ; & John Esdon, Gent., Comyssyon^s
amongest other for the same, appoynted & assygned by o' seyd

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230 APPBNDIX.

Sou'aign lord's most Orajcious tres of Comyssyon^ 'Hie one pte of
whyche Extracte ys delyu'ed the daye of the date hereof; Harry
Bryan Hyghe^ coUecto' for the same, appoyntyd by the seyd Com-
yssyon's to levye, gather, & receve the same fiyrste payment, and
the same trewly to paye to the Kyng's MaLestye's vse in the Courte
of the Becey^* att Westm by the xx^ daye of Maye next comyng
after the date hereof. Jn Wyttnes wherof, as well the seyd Comys-
syon's as the seyd hyghe collecto', to these p'sents have subscrybed
ther names & putte &er seales y even the daye & yere above wrytten.

Hundred de Bryxston. — Lambethe cu Membm.
Subs,
yj/e. xiij«. iiijdf. Ambros Wyllowes, in goods, com.
v/i. Agnes Byse, Wydowe, in goods, c/i.
xiij^. mjd. JotLa Exlyn, in goods, xxmks.
X9. Jofin Allyn, in goods, xIL
XX9. JoKn Wanse, in goods, zx/i.
idij«. iiijdf. Jeames Cawkett, in goods, xxmks.
TL8, Wythn Dysser, in goods, xx/i.
X9. Harry Knyghtbiydge, in goods, xli.
xiij«. iiijd. Thomas Hnnte, in goods, xxm^^.
xxs. John Wedden, in goods, xx/t.
X9. Withn Persey, in goods, x/t.
xs. BolSt Knyge, in goods, x/t.
X9. Thorns Bowlys, in goods, x/t.
X8. John Brewer^ in goods, x/t.
xij«. John Hamonde, in goods, xij/i.
xxyjs. yii^d. John Myles, in goods, xxvj/i. xiij«. iiijd.
iLB. Thomas Carpenter, in goods, x/t.
X9. John Lynge, in goods, x/t.
iiij/t. Harry Knyght, in goods, Ixxx/t.
Xf . Boger Dawson, in goods, x/t.

Straungers there.
:d]d. Carberowe Harmon, in goods, xx^.
xij^r. Jeames Baker, in goods, xx«.
▼iijrf. Nycholas Adercorte s'unt to Jonh AUyn.
viijrf. Peter Myllyter s'unt to my lorde of Camiterborye.

Sm xxx/t. vs. iiijdf.

(Signed) Bobt. Cubson («ea/ jrone).

p me Henbt Bbtand {seal gone).

No. VI.— 85/* Elizabeth. 1592.

Thextract Indented of and for the paym* of the seconde sub-
sidie of three entyre subsides grannted vnto the Queene's Mai*^* in
her high Court of pUament, holden at Westm in the xxxv**» of her
hignes Beigne.

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APPENDIX. 2Sl

Lambyih cu MembrU.—The Princes LiVty.
Subs.

yiij^. Roger Winslowe^ in goods^ iijK.

yiij^. Thomas Crough^ in goods^ iijfi.

Tiij». Henry Creswell^ in goods^ iijlL

viij*. Wittm Barraker^ in goods, iij/t.

viij«. Richard Bawlyns, in lands, xl^.
xs, yiijd. BolSt. ffoster, in goods, iiij/i.

Yiij«. Katherin Yei^, vidd., in goods, iij/i.

yiijtf. William Symonds, in goods, iij/«.
x«. viijdf. Abraham Meyryck, in goods, iiij/i.

iiij«. Peter Gril'bt, alien, in lands, xx«.

viijdf. Bastean Miller, aUen, ^ poll.

Keninffton.

viij*. Robert Parker, in goods, iijS.
xU. Willm Kerwyn, in lands, xZi.
Epo hie cog. r in person Thorn. Apple of London {sic).
xxy«. ynjd. Richard Compson, in goods, xli,

Lamhyth M^she.

xiij*. iigrf. Frauncs Thursone, gent., in goods, v/i.
yiij«. Jotin Hauken, in goods, iijfi.
Yiij«. Paule Ivey, in goods, iij/t.
viij«. Willm Barrett, in goods, iij/i.
yiijtf. Jofin Heyrock, in goods, iij/i.
yiij^. Thomas Moyses, in lands, xk.
viij^/. Harman Ewden, in lands, p poll {attriU).
viij^/. Margarett Ewden, alien, p poll {attrill).

Sawth Lambyth.

xxiiij^. Symon Palmer, gent., in lands, vi/i.
Epo hie cog. Beunbr in com Lincoln {He).
iiij/i. Rot^t freame, gent., in lands, xxH.
viij«. Thomas Kingston, in goods, iij/i.
Tiij«. John Brockfunk, in goods, iij/i.
x^. viijdf. Oiles Selbie, in goods, iiij/i.

StockweU.

viijtf. Nicholas Jnxe, in goods, iij/i.
yiij^. Rot$t Burr, in goods, iij/i.
viij*. George Pasker, in goods, iij/i.
xrvja. viiji/. James ffarington, in goods, x/i.
xs. ynjd. Wilhn Stidman, in goods, iiij/i.

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282 AFPBNDIX.

The Archbiihop of Canterbury, Am LiVty.
Sabfl.

viij^. Thomas Lawrence, in goods, iij/i.
Iiij«. mjd. Charles Wednester, gent., in goods, jjdi.
xiij«. iiij6f. Abrahm Hartwell, gent., in goods, yU.
jiijs, iiijrf. George Fanle, gent., in goods, y/i.
jnjs. iiijrf. Xp5fa Wormall, gent., in gpods, vfi.

viij«. John Hartford, in goods, iij/i.

viij«. John Knight, in goods, iij/>.

viij«. Bot$t Bichardson, in goods, iijK.
iLxjs. vijd. Peter Dnkanoy, idien, in goods, iiijlu -^

viij«. Richard Webbe, in goods, iij/i.

viij^. Bottt Bedway, in goods, iij/i.

viij*. Wittm Comer, in goods, iij/i.

▼iij«. Richard Wrigge, in goods, iij/i.

yiij«. John Wanle, in goods, iij/i.

yiij«. Wittm Hudson, in goods, iij/i.
xxjtf. iiij</. Anthonie Yause, in goods, viijfi.
xiij*. iiijrf. Edward Wilson, in goods, v/i.

viije/. Henry Anthony, alien, per pole.

viijrf. Thorns Lege, alien, per pole.

Lambyth Deane.

viij«. Margaret Knight, widd., in goods, iij/i.
viij«. RotSt Scott, in goods, iij/i.

y]s. Nicholas Closter, in lands, xxx9.
yiijs. Salomon Hememens, in goods, iij/i.
yiija. RotJt Netlingame, in goods, iiji.
\uj8. Thorns Stevens, in goods, iij/i.
X8. vijd. George Mortemer, gent., in goods, iiij/i.
yiij«. John Garrett, in goods, iij/i.
viij*. Wittm Cope, in goods (a//ri//), iij/i.
Sm. xxxvj/i. \j8. viijrf.

No. VII.— 18/A Jarne* /. 1620.
Lambeith. — Archbishop^s Libertie.

xxvj«. viijrf. Sir G«orge Paul, Knight, in land, xx/i.

xij«. Sir Gilforde Slingsbie, I^iight, in goods, xij/i.

viij«. Sir Robert Hatton, Knight, in goods, viij/i.

vj«. William Beeston, gent., in goods, ij/i.

iiij«. Richard Bacuslie, gent., in goods, iiij/i.

iiijtf. Daniel Lyster, in goods, iiij/i.

iiij^. Hance Levins, alien, in goods, iiij/i.

iij«. Thomas Foukes, in goods, iij/i.

iij*. Ffrancis Cooke, in goods, iij/i.

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APPENDIX. 233

Subs.

iijs. Robert Wall, in goods, iijli.
Yjs, Thomas Longstone, gent., in goods, \jli,
uijs. Theodore Owle, in goods, iiijZ*.
iij«. John Q-alye, in gooils, iij/».
iij«. Thomas Peterson, in goods, ujli.
iijs. Thomas Taylor, in goods, iij/i.

Lambeith Marshe,

YS, Anthony Gtibson, gent., in goodes, v/i.
iiij«. John Scndamore, in goodes, iiijli.
uijs. Robert Lambart, in goodes, iiij/i.

Princess Libertie.

Sir John Townesend, Knight.
iiij«. Thomas fiookewood, gent., in goods, iiij/i.
iij«. George Bromely, in goodes, iij7i.
njs. Ffrances Ffirome, widow, in goods, iij/i.
iija. Robert Williams, in goodes, iij/i.

Kennington.

iiij«. Joyce Hollo way, widow, in goods, iiijfi.
iij*. Anne Kirwyn, widow, in goodes, iij/i.

iiij«. Hereslowe, gent., in goods, iii/i.

ijs. yiijd. Edward Carpenter, in lands, xl».

S(mth Lambeith,

njs. Edmund Cley, in goodes, iijK.

nj8. John Janes, in goodes, iijZi.

iij«. Giles Selbye, in goodes, iijZi.

iij«. John Benson, in goodes, iijK.

StockwelL
xxyj«. viijrf. Sir Ffrancis Gofton, Knight, in land, xx/t.
\s. Edward Abjohn, gent., in goods, y/i.
iij*. Luce Rockell, widow, in goodes, iij/i.
uijs. Geoi^e Bell, gent., in goodes, iiij/i.
mj8. Robert Morton, in goodes, mjlL

Lambeith Deane,

xs. The Ladye Hunt, in goodes, xli.

YS. Robert Chirrey, Esq^, in goodes, vZi.
iij«. Alice Knight, widow, in goods, iij/i.
iij*. Nicholas Ffoster, in goodes, iij/i.

Aliens, per pole.
viijrf. Thomas Stalpart, et ux, per pole,
viijrf. Garlise Leavans, et ux, per pole,
iiijrf. Nicholas Hendrick, per pole.

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284 APPSHDIX.

«, - 8e$$or».

Sabf.
xiij«. iiijif. Xpofer Woodward^ gcat., in land^ \U.
YS. Xpofer Wormall, gent.^ in goods, vfi.
Ys. Boger Jeaaon, gent., in goods, yfi.
YS. Jo^ Edwardes, gent., in goods, yIu
nijs. John Bennett, gent., in goods, iiijfi.
iiij«. Henry Barnes, in goodes, iiijK.
iij«. William Gould, in goodes, iij/«.
iiij«. Poole Wickes, in goodes, iiijfi.
Suma, viij/i. viij«.

Srd and 4tt Charles /.— 1628-9.

Payment of ye Srd Subsidie of the 5 eniyre Subsidies granted in
the 2Td Year, Anno 1628.

Brixton Hundred. — Kenington Hamktt.

TVS. Erauncis Hayton, gent., in lands, yU.
Tvjs. Edward Threll, gent., in goods, yj/t.
us. mjd. Edmond Bassett, gent., in goods, iiijfi.
xv}s. Thomas Thomhill, gent., in goods, yjIL
Yn]s. William Lucas, gent., in goods, iijfi.
TVS. Yamey Bower, gent., in lands, yH.
Yiijs. Ann Jones, widow, in lands, ij/i .

Lambeth.

yU. Sir John Shelly, Knight & Barronett, in lands,xxT/f .
iiij/f. Sir George Faule, Kt., in lands, xx/i .
xKjs. mjd. Sir Bobert Hatton, Knight, in goods, viij/i.

xl». Sir George Chute, Kt., in lands, xfi.
jojs. uijd. Dame Gx)ften, in goods, viij/i.

7%e Lo. Archbushcpe's Liberty.

XYjs. William Beeston, gent., in goods, vj/t.
yiij«. John Ager, in goods, iijfi.
TS. Yujd. Alee List, in goods, iiij/i.

Tvjs. Mellis Hajmes, alien, in goods, tob dubled, iijli.
Yujs. Arther Ffisher, in goods, iijZi.
viij^. Thomas Peterstone, in goods, iijK.

Lambeth Marsh.

TS. yiij</. John Waynwright, gent., in goods, iiijfi.
xs. viijy. Thomas Jones, gent., in goods, iiij/i.
TS. viijrf. Mrs. Katherin Woodward, widow, in goods, iiijK.
xiij«. iiijrf. Edward Cussens, gent., in goods, yU.
TS. Yiijd. Thomas Coe, gent., in goods, iiij/t.

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APPENDIX. 285

Subs.

viij^. John Scudamore^ in goods^ iij/t.
JLS. Yiijd. Robert Lnmbard^ in gooda, iiij/t. '
yiij«. Bobert Gott^ in goodes^ iijfi.

Prince's Liberty.
Yujs. John Baylye^ in goods^ iijli.
Yuj^. John Osborne^ in goods^ iij/t.
ynjs. Roger Ffreind^ in goods, iij/i .

Kennington Liberty*
viij*. Edward Carpenter, in lands, ijZi;

William Webb, in goods,
▼iij«. Thomas Bennett, in goods, iij/t.

South Lambeth lAberty,
X9. viije/. Mr. Robert Cole, in goods, iiij/i.

Stochwell lAbt,
xxj«. James Monngar, gent., in goods, vj/t.
viij*. Luce Rockwell, widow, in goods, iij/t.
18. yiije/. Georg Bell, gent, in goods, iiij/t.
yiij«. Symond Sargant, in goods, iij/t.

Lambeth Deane Libt.
xiij*. iiijrf. George Littleboyse, in goods, v/t.
X9. viije/. William Gk)uldwell, gen., in goods, iiij/t.

Sesaora.
xiij«. iiiJ6f. Cristopher Wormall, gent., in goods, v/t.
TVJ8. viijrf. Richard Moorer, gent., in good^, x/t.
x^. yiijd. John Bennett, gen., in goods, iiij/t.
x^. viijrf. Henry Barnes, in goods, iiij/t.
xi. viijrf. Poole Wickes, in goods, iiij/t.

Suma xxx/t. ixs. injd.

No. Vin.— 17/A Charles L 164&.— Brixton Hundred.— The Lord
Archbp. his Liberty in Lambeth.

The Lady Paule, wid., ten pounds in goods .
William Baker, Esq., fifteen pounds in goods
Beniamin Holford, gent., foure pounds in lands
John Oldbury, gent., three pounds in lands .
John Holt, gent., foure pounds in goods
Joane Googe, wid., foure pounds in goods
Mary Cock, wid., twenty shillings in lands •
Mrs. Wormall, wid., foure pounds in goods •
Christopher Wormall, forty shillings in lands
Edward Leventhorp, Esq., five pounds in lands

£

s.

d.

. 2 18

4

12

4

1

4

1

4

!

8

. 1

1

4

. 16

. 2

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236

APPENDIX.

Mn. Beeston, vid., three pounds in goods
Thomas Smithy three pounds in lands .
OnesipheruB Hilden, twenty shillings in lands
John Atkins, gent., three pounds in goods
John Stylis, three pounds in goods
Mrs. Barnes, wid., three pounds in goods
Edward Harper, forty shillings in land
Mrs. Gruit, wid., three pounds in goods
Bichard Walcoat, three pounds in goods
Mrs. Cosens, wid., faate pounds in goods
William Bumell, twenty shillings in lands
Philip Valentine, twenty shillings in lands
Bic. Cressell, twenty shillings in lands
Walter Davis, twenty shillings in lands
Peter Goatley, twenty shillings in lands

7%e Prince Ms Libertie.
Bobert Maybanke, three pounds in goods
Bobert Smith, three pounds in goods .
Gteorge Scotson, three pounds in goods
John Ooade, five pounds in goods
Boger Ffriend, three pounds in goods .
Edward Searle, twenty shillings in lands
Thomas Bichardson, mree pounds in goods
Westmer Berrell, twraity shiUii^ in lands
Alexander Weekes, twenty shillings in lands
Andrew Sartlett, twenty shillings in lands

Kennin^ton.
Sir Bichard Manley, Et., ten pounds in lands
Sir Samuell Somersett, Kt., eight pounds in lands
Geoi^ Cox, gent., three pounds in lands
Bichard Pettingale, three pounds in goods .

Lambeth Marsh.
Edmund Moi^an, Esq., ten pounds in lands .
William Sherman, Esq., eight pounds in lands
Doctor William Clock, eight poimds in goods
Thomas Woodward, Esq., ten pounds in lands
Peter Pagan, gent., five pounds in lands
Samuell Cerdwell, gent., nine pounds in lands
Thos. ffountaine, gent., eight pounds in goods
Mrs. ffeflde, wid. foure pounds in goods
Bichard Laurence, foure pounds in goods
Jane Gott, wid., three pounds in goods
Henry Palmer, twenty shillings in lands
Thos. Gibson, twenty shillings in lands

£ 8.

16

1 4
8
16
16
16
16
16

16

1 1

8
8

d.
O

O

4
8
8
8

16

16

16

16 8

16

8

16

8

8

8

4

3 4

14

16

4

3 4
2 2 8

4

8
2 8

1 4
1 4

16

8

8

2
2
2
1
1

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APPENDIX. _- 237

£ s. d.

Thomas Maior^ twenty shillings in lands . . .080

Mrs. Lambard^ wid.^ three pounds in goods . . 16

Nariah Mormay, three pounds in lands . . .14

Adryan Smithy twenty shillings in lands . .080

Henry Sherrin, twenty shillings in lands . . .080

John Latton^ three pounds in goods . . . . 16

Mr. Pemerton, three pounds in goods . . . 16

Henry White, five pounds in goods . j . . 1 16 8

Edwaord Smith, five pounds in goods . .116 8

South Lambeth,

Sir Abraham Shipman, Kt., five pounds in lands . .200

John Hardner, gent., five pounds in goods . 1 16 8

John Tredeskanty three pounds in goods . . . 16

Edmund Dent, forty shillings in land . . . . 16

Abraham Tailor, three pounds in goods . . . 16

Mrs. Haies, wid., twenty shillings in lands . . .080

StockweU.

Sir Edward Peyton, Kt., eight pounds in lands . .340

Sir George Chute, Kt., twelve pounds in lands . . 4 16

Edward Ball, gent., six pounds in goods . . . 1 12

The Lady Salisbury, wid., eight pounds in goods . .220

Sir Robert Needham, Kt., five pounds in lands . .200

Damaros Scolswell, wid., twenty shillings in lands . 18

WiUiam Starkie, twenty shillings in lands . . .080

James Collins, twenty shillings in lands . . .080

Richard Ball, twenty shillings in lands . . .080

Mr. Edwards, foure pounds in goods . .114

William Feame, three pounds in goods . . 16

Colkctor.
Richard Roundell, three pounds in goods . . 16

Lambeth Deane.
John Mason, gent., three pounds in goods
Henry Budder, three pounds in lands .
John Reading, three pounds in goods .
William Boynick, forty shillings in lands

Seassores.
Henry Wills, three pounds in goods .
Robert White, five pounds in goods
Edmund Clay, foure pounds in goods •
Peter Gouldmg, three pounds in lands
John.Scoldwell, three pounds ilx lands
John Osborne, three pounds in goods .

. 16
. 1 4
. 16
. 16

. 16
. 1 6
. 1 2
. 1 4
. 1 4
. 16

8
8

Suma

108 5

1

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APPENDIX B.

COPY AWARD.— PAMSH OP LAMBETH.
(eight wards.)

I, William Duk&ant Cooper^ of Ghiilford Street, in the county
of Middlesex, Esquire, having been duly appointed by the Right
Honourable Sir Geoi^ Grejr, Baronet, one of her Majesty's Prin-
cipal Secretaries of State, by virtue of an act passed in the last
session of Parliament, intituled '^An Act for the better Local
Management of the Metropolis,^' to be one of the persons to set out
the wards into which certain parishes are by the said act directed
to be divided, and to apportion the number of vestrymen to be elected
for such parishes respectively among such wards, and to apportion
the number of vestrymen to be elected for any parish already divided
into wards under any local act, and further, to act separately in
such division and apportionment from the other persons appointed
or to be appointed to perform those duties under the said act, have
proceeded, in the performance of the said duties required by the
said act to be executed by me in reference to the parish of Lambeth
(being a parish mentioned in Schedule (A) to the said act, contain-
ing more than two thousand rated householders, and not already
divided into wards under any local act), and to determine and set
out the number, extent, limits, and boundary-lines of the wards into
which the said parish is to be divided, and to apportion among such
wards the number of vestrymen to be elected for such parish: —

Now I do hereby, by virtue of the provisions and directions of
the said act, divide the said parish of Lambeth into eight wards,
none of which contains less than five hundred rated householders,
to be called respectively. No. 1, or North Marsh Ward; No. 2, or
South Marsh Ward; No. 3, or Bishop's Ward; No. 4, or Prince's
Ward; No. 5, or Vauxhall Ward; No. 6, or Stockwell Ward;
No. 7, or Brixton Ward ; and No. 8, or Norwood Ward : and I
determine and i^point that the said ward to be called No. 1, or
North Marsh Ward, shall consist of so much of the parish as will
be comprised within a line drawn fix>m the boundary of the parish
in the centre of the river Thames opposite the Old Barge-house,
running along the east boundary of the parish to the centre of the
New-cut, thence westward along the centre of the New-cut to the

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APPENDIX. 239

centre of theWestminster-bridge-road^ thence turning north-westerly
along the centre of the Westminster-bridge -road to the boundary of
the parish in the centre of the said river at Westminster-bridge^ and
thence eastward along the said boundary of the parish in the said
river to the starting-point opposite the Old Barge-house ; and that
the said ward to be caUedNo.2^ or South Marsh Ward^ shall consist
of so much of the said parish as will be comprised within a line
drawn from the boundary of the parish in the centre of the New-cut
adjoining the parish of Christ Churchy running in a south and
south-westerly direction along the boundary of the said parish of
Lambeth to Durham-place^ where the said parish of Lambeth adjoins
the parish of St. George Southwark^ thence westward along the
centre of the Lambeth-road to Hercules-buildings^ thence along the
boundary of the Bishop^s Liberty to the centre of the Westminster-
bridge-road^ thence south-eastward along the centre of the West-
minster-bridge-road to the centre of the New-cut, and thence
easterly along the centre of the New-cut, to the starting-point ; and
that the said ward to be called No. 3, or Bishop^s Ward, shall con-
sist of the district known as the Bishop^s Liberty ; and that the
said ward to be called No. 4, or Prince's Ward, shall consist of the
district known as the Prince's Liberty ; and that the said ward to
be called No. 5, or Vauxhall Ward, shall consist ot so much of the
said parish of Lambeth as will be comprised within a line drawn
from the north point where the said parish of Lambeth adjoins the
parish of Saint Mary Newington, on the east side of Kennington-
park, running along the boundary of the said parish of Lambeth
next the parishes of St. Mary Newington and Camberwell to the
centre of the Camberwell New-road, thence north-westerly along
the centre of the said road to the centre of Vassal-road, thence
westward along the centres of Vassal-road and of Holland-street to
the centre of the Clapham-road, thence south-westerly along the
centre of the Clapham-road to the west boimdary of the parish of
Lambeth adjoining the parish of Clapham, thence by the boundary
of the said parish of Lambeth next the parishes of Clapham and
Battersea to the centre of the river Thames, thence eastward by the
boundary of Lambeth in the said river to the boundary of the
Prince's Liberty, and thence along the south-eastern boundary of
the said liberty to the starting-point ; and that the said ward to be
called No. 6, or Stockwell Ward, shall consist of so much of the said
parish of Lambeth as will be comprised within a line drawn from
the centre of the Brixton-road opposite Holland-street, running
south-easterly along the centre of the said Brixton-road to the point
on the south-west where the said parish of Lambeth adjoins the
parish of Streatham, thence by the boundary of Lambeth next the
parishes of Streatham and Clapham to the boundary of No. 5, or
VauxhallWard, and thence north-easterly and easterly by the said

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240 APPENDIX.

boundary to the starting-point ; and that the said ward to be called
No. 7, or Brixton Ward, shall consist of so much of the said parish
of Lambeth as will be comprised within a line drawn from the centre
of the Brixton-road opposite Vassal-road, running eastward along
the boundary of No. 5, or Yauxhall Ward, to the point where the
said parish of Lambeth adjoins the parish of Camberwell on the
east, thence by the boundary of Lambeth next the parish of Cam-
berwell to the centre of Water-lane, thence turning north-west and
west along the centre of Water-lane to the centre of the Brixton-
road, and thence northward along the centre of the said road to the
starting-point ; and that the said ward to be called No. 8, or Nor-
wood Ward, shall consist of the remainder of the said parish of
Lambeth south of No. 6, or Stockwell Ward, and of No. 7, or
Brixton Ward, and will include the district of Norwood. And
having regard, as far as in my judgment it is practicable, as well to
the number of persons rated to the relief of the poor in each ward
as to the aggregate amount of the sums at which all such persons
are rated, I do apportion and assign eighteen vestrymen to the said
ward to be called No. 1, or North Marsh Ward ; and twelve vestry-
men to the said ward to be called No. 2, or South Marsh Ward;
and twelve vestrymen to the said ward to be called No. 3, or Bishop's
Ward ; and fifteen vestrymen to the said ward to be called No. 4,
or Prince's Ward; and twenty-four vestrymen to the said ward to
be called No. 5, or Yauxhall Ward ; and fifteen vestrymen to the
said ward to be called No. 6, or Stockwell Ward ; and fift;een vestry-
men to the said ward to be called No. 7, or Brixton Ward ; and nine
vestrymen to the said ward to be called No. 8, or Norwood Ward.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, this fisurth day
of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred
and fifty-five.

(Signed) William Dubkant Cooper.

The above award, and the division and apportionments therein
proposed, were approved by her Majesty, wifli the advice of her
Privy Council, at the Court at Windsor, the 19th day of October,
1856.

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APPENDIX C.

In puTsnance of the 199th section of the Metropolitan Social
Management Act (18 & 19 Vic, cap. 120)^ the following statement
of the Charitable Estates and Bequests to the parish of Lambeth
has been made out and published by the Vestry : —

1622^ Roger Jeston. — A charge upon estates held by the Haber-
dashers^ Company^ towards the relief of the poor of the parish
of Lambeth. The money is applied in gifts of bread to poor
people^ by the churchwardens and overseers, &c. Present
income, £S.

1623, Sir Noell Caron. — A charge upon the property which be-
longed to Sir Noel Caron, at South Lambeth, to endow an
almshouse, which he had built at Yauxhall for seven poor
women, parishioners of Lambeth, who must be sixty years old
at the time of their appointment. These almshouses have been
pulled down, and seven almshouses have been built on the
Caron property, in Fentiman^s-road. By the owner of the pro-
perty which belonged to Sir Noel Caron, at South Lambeth.
Present income, £28.

1627, Henry Smith. — A share of the rents of certain estates; the
estates being held by trustees, and the rents paid into the hands
of the Accountant-General, for the relief of the impotent and
aged poor; to be bestowed in apparel of one colour, with some
hsA^e or other mark, that the same may be known to be the
gift of the donor, or else in bread and flesh, or fish, upon each
Sabbath day publicly in the parish church. The money is
applied in gifts of apparel, according to the directions of the
donor, by the churchwardens and overseers. Present income,
£40.

1640, Alice Easton. — A charge upon some copyhold property of the
manor of Kennington, for the use of the poor of Lambeth.
The money is applied in gifts of bread to poor people, by the
churchwardens. Present income, £4.

1655, William Hind; 1695, Thomas Cooper. — Bents of two pieces
of copyhold ground of the manor of Kennington, situated in
Princess-street, subject to a quitrent of 5s, Sd., to be disposed
of for the benefit of the poor of the parish of Lambeth. It is
usually distributed, in gifts of money, by the churchwardens.
Present income, £24.

10

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242 APPENDIX.

1661, Major Richard Lawrenoe.— £8887. S$. 6d. Three-per-Cent.
Conaols, standing in the name of the Accoantant-Generai, to
maintain afree school for the inatmction in reading and writing
of twenty poor children of Lambeth-maiah. In -aooordaiioe
with an order of the Conrt of Chancery, dated March 9, 1838,
the tnuteea now place ten boys at the school on Lambeth-
green, and ten at the school of St. John's, Waterloo. Iliey
clothe the boys and pay the masters for their instroction.
Tmstees appointed by tiie parishioners. Present trostees : Mr.
John Barnard, Mr. John Archbntt, Mr. George Searle, Mr.
Bobert Taylor. Present income, £115. 2». 4d.

1667, Edmmid Walcott. — Bents of houses and gromid in Waloot-
place, and Walcot-square, to be disposed of amongst the most
needy and poor people of the parish of Lambeth : to pensioners,
£624i per annum; to schools, £630 per annum, by the rector
and churchwardens for the time being. Present income,
£1540. I7s. 6rf.

1671, Margaret Oakley. — Bents of houses and ground in High-
street, to supply gifts of bread, to be distributed on every
Sunday among twenty poor persons of Lambeth, who shall on
those days hare attended divine service in the parish church;
and also to provide gifts for poor children of the parish, who
shall be catechised in church on twelve Sundays in the year.
By the rector and churchwardens. Present income, £15.

1672, Thomas Bich. — A moiety of the net produce of an estate at
Westham, in Essex, held by the Mercers' Company, to educate
poor children of the parish of Lambeth. The money is paid
by the Mercers' Company to the master of the boys' school,
Lambeth-green. Present income, £25.

1678, John Scaldwell. — A charge upon some mills at Wandsworth,
to procure coats for four or five poor ancient men or women of
the outside of the parish ; viz. Lambeth Dean, and Stockwell.
The initials of the benefactor's name, "J. S.," are to be set on
each of the coats. Administered by the rector and church-
wardens. Present income, £4. 6s. 8rf.

1704, Jacob Vanderlin. — Bent of ground in the Narrow-wall, for
four almshouses for poor people ; but the almshouses having
been long since pulled down, and the ground let, the annusd
rent is disposed of in gifts to poor persons, by the rector and
churchwaj^ens. Present income, £8. Ss.

1707, Balphe Snow. — £147. 6*. 7rf. Three-per-Cent. Consols, to
buy Bibles, with Common Prayers, for the poor children of
Lambeth. By the rector and churchwardens. Present income,
£4. Ss. 4d.

1715, Thomas Tenison, D.D., Archbishop of Canterbury. — Bents of
houses in Church-street and Paradise-street, and of a piece of

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APPENDIX. 243

ground at Norwood. d£3889. 17*. 4rf. Three-per-Cent. Consok,
standing in the name of the Accountant-General^ to maintain
a free-school for the education of twelve or more poor girls of
the parish of Lambeth. There are now 250 girls in the school^
of whom between thirty and forty are clothed, and two are
boarded and instructed in house work. Trustees, the sur-
vivors of whom appoint new trustees, the rector beiag always
one. Present trustees : Aev. C. B. Dalton, Mr. Thomas Lett,
Mr. William Slade, Mr. J. H. Coward, Mr. Charles Evans, Mr*
W. H. Edwards, Mr. William Rogers, Mr. W. R. Keen. Pre-
sent income, i£300.

1718, Bryan Tuberville.— £298. 11*. 7rf. Three-per-Cent. Reduced,
to put forth two poor boys of Lambeth as apprentices to some
trade, those of fishermen, chimney-sweepers, and watermen
being excepted. There is a stone on the south side of the
church tower, setting forth this charity, which stone the rector
and churchwardens are required to keep in repair, as a condi-
tion of the benefits of the charity being retained to the parish.
The rector and churchwardens. Present income, £S. 16s.

1778, Countess Gower; 1728, In pursuance of the will of Earl
Thanet. — £1150 Three-per-Cent. Consols, to assist in sup-
porting Sir Noel Caron^s almshouse; the dividend being paid
among the inmates, in equal shares, by the rector, and two
other trustees appointed by the rector, being inhabitants of
Lambeth. Present trustees : Rev. C. B. Dalton, Mr. William
Rogers, Mr. J. Forbes Young. Present income, £34. 10s.

1783, Hayes Fortee. — £746. 6s. id. Three-per-Cent. Consols; one
moiety at least to be divided among the inmates of Sir Noel
Caron^s almshouses; the remainder to be disposed of for the
relief of poor persons of Lambeth not receiving relief from the
parish. By the rector and three other trustees, the survivors
of whom appoint new trustees, the rector being always one.
Present trustees: Rev. C. B. Dalton, Mr. WiLiam Rogers,
Mr. J. M. Rosseter, J. H. Coward. Present income, £22. 78. Sd.

1786, Jane Wakeling. — £300, Three-per-Cent. Reduced, to provide
gifts of bread and meat, to be distributed to poor inhabitants
of Lambeth-marsh and Narrow-wall, who do not receive alms.
By the rector and churchwardens. Present income, £9.

1786, John Course. — £100, Three-per-Cent. Reduced, to be dis-
tributed amongpoor inhabitants of the Narrow- wall, who do not
receive alms. The money is applied in gifts of bread and meat.
The trustees to keep in repair Mr. Coursers family vault. The
rector and churchwardens. Present income, £3.

1787, James Spencer. — £373. 2s. Id. Three-per-Cent. Consols, to
put out boys belonging to Major Lawrence^s school as appren-
tices to some trade, under the order in Chancery which regulates

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244 APPENDIX.

Major Lawrence's trust. The trustees are to keep in repair
Mr. Spencer's tomb^ in Newington-churchyard. The trustees
of Major Lawrence's charity. Present income^ £11. 3«. IQd.

1807, Bichard Roberts. — £200, Three-per-Cent. Consols, to be pre-
sented to the officiating minister, the clerk, and the sexton,
assisting at the administration of the Holy Communion at an
early hour on the third Sunday in the month ; or, in the event
of the administration of the Holy Communion at that time
being discontinued, to be given to a girls' school, or to a Sunday
school by the rector, the rector's warden, and two other
trustees. Present trustees (with the rector and rector's war-
den) : Mr. J. B. Clarke, Mr. W. T. Nixon. Present income, £6.

1812, Mary Oakley. — £100, Three-per-Cent. ILeduced, to provide
gifts of coals, to be distributed among twelve poor families of
the parish of Lambeth, by the churchwardens. Present in-
come, £3.

1821, John Pickton.— £285. 18*. Tree-per-Cent. Consols, to be
distributed among the most poor and indigent persons of Lam-
beth. The money is expended in the purchase of coals and
cloaks for poor men and women. Mr. Pickton^s vault must be
kept in repair, out of the dividend. By the rector and church-
wardens. Present income, £7. 1*. M.

1831, Mary Chapman.— £468. 18*. lOrf. Three-per-Cent. Consols,
to provide pensions to two poor Protestant widows of the parish
of Lambeth, who have kept house therein ten years or upwards,
and have not received parish relief. Trustees, the survivors of
whom appoint new trustees. Present trustees : Rev. C. B.
Dalton, Mr. L. Bedhead, Mr. Charles Evans, Mr. Thomas
Grissell, Mr. John Bright, Mr. J. B. Clark, Mr. M. Bosset^.
Present income, £15. 4*. Sd.

1826, Elizabeth Lambert.— £60. 1*. 2d. Three-per-Cent. Consols,
to provide bread, to be distributed among the poor of the
hamlet of Brixton at Christmas, by the rector and church-
wardens. Present income, £1. 168.

1828, Grace Fenner.— £140. 9*. 8rf. Three-per-Cent. Consols, to
provide gifts of coals, to be distributed in December, January,
February, and March, among six poor widows of Lambeth^
seventy years old, who do not receive parochial relief. The
stone of Mrs. Fenner's family vault, and a tablet erected to her
memory in the church porch, are to be kept in repair, out of
the yearly interest of this fund. By the churchwardens. Pre-
sent income, £4. 4^. 2d.

1847, Eleanor Dodson. — £360, Three-per-Cent. Consols, to be dis-
tributed among deserving aged women of Lambeili, who are
not receiving parochial relief, by the rector. Present incotoe,
£10. 16*.

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APPKNDIX. 245

1848, Elizabeth Edridge.— £1788. 9s, 9d. Three-per-Cent. Clonsols,
to be applied for the benefit of poor persons of the parish of
Lambeth, being sixty years of age or upwards, by the church-
wardens and overseers. Present income, £53. 13s,

Mary Kershaw. — £200, Three-per-Cent. Bedaced Anns., to the
relief of the poor of the parish^ by the rector and church-
wardens. Present income, £6.

Pedlar's-acre Estate. — Two houses, two wharves, and two ground-
rents, in aid of any of the rate« of the said parish, according to
the orders of vestry meetings. Administered by the rector and
churchwardens for the time being : Mr. W. H. Edwards, Mr.
L. Redhead, Mr. J. Archbutt, Mr. J. Doulton, Mr. G. Pearis,
Mr. C. Evans, Mr.W. Merrit, Mr.W. Churchill, Mr. P. Doulton.
Present income, £709.

Hale^s Estate. — ^This estate consists of all that freehold piece or
parcel of ground situate, lying, and being in the common fields,
called St. George's-fields, in the parish of St. George-the-Martyr,
in the borough of Southwark, in the county of Surrey, called
the Six-acre Piece, containing, by estimation, six acres, or
thereabouts. There are upon the estate three public-houses,
let on repairing leases for twenty-one years ; and 231 houses
and tenements : the rental whereof amounts to £1978. 10s.
Infirmary, Waterloo-road, annually, £450 ; medical relief in all
districts of the parish, annually, £413. 4^. : total, £863. 4^.
To twenty-eight pensioners, at 6*. per week, £436. 16s. :
total, £1300. The balance to accumulate as a fond to pay the
costs. Administered by the rector and churchwardens for the
time being, with Mr. John Sewell, Mr.Lawrence Bedhead, Mr.
John Plews, Mr. John Doulton, Mr. James Grey, Mr. Samuel
Pisher, Mr. John B. Walker, Mr. John Bushell, Mr. Edward
Grove, Mr. James Nash, Mr. John Grady, Present income,
£1978. 10*.

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ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA.

Page 40, line 9, Pedigree of Leigh, for obit, read obiit,

St. Mary the Less.

Page 121, line 14 from the bottom, /or ''four,'' read ''five."

„ lines 11 and 12 from the bottom. The galleries at the
west end have been removed, and the organ placed at
the east end.

Page 126, line 11 from the top. The Rev. Alfred Stephen Canney
departed this life on March 29, 1858, aged 38.

Page 130, lii^e 9 from the bottom, far " Rev. J. S. Canney,'' read
"Rev. William Harker, A.M."

District of St. Barnabas, South Kennington.

The following information was received too late for insertion in
its proper place : —

" TMs district, formerly part of Kennington, is bounded on the
north by South Lambeth, on the east by Stockwell, on the south
by Clapham, and on the west by Battersea."

After the first stone had been laid, " for want of funds nothing
more was done until the present incumbent, the Rev. William
Harker, A.M., undertook to build it, signing the contract, and
taking on his own personal responsibility the entire charges and
expenses of the edifice, in order to facilitate the erection, trusting
to be repaid by subsequent contributions.

"There is accommodation for 1650 persons.

"Mr. Harker has also advanced £1920 for the ground and
building of spacious schools ; and has instituted a District Visiting
Society, Dorcas Society, Sunday Schools, a Maternity Society, and
a Dispensary.

"llie population being 8000, an efficient Scripture Reader is
employed in the district."

Page 141, line 8 from the bottom, for "rector of Highgate," read
" incumbent of St. Michael's, Highgate ; and preben-
dary of St. Paul's."

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XiOVBOK:
PBIKTBD BY P. PICKTOV,
PBBBT*B PLACB, 29, OXVOBD BTBBET.

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LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.

Allen,Herb6rt,Esq.,Wi8h,Southsea,Hants.
Allingham, Mr. B. J., 8, Chester-street,

Lower Kennington-lane.
AUingham, Mr. B., Chester-street.
Allport, Douglas, Esq., Croydon.
Angell, Samuel, Esq., 16, Bussell-square.
Archer, Jn. Wykeham, E8q.,ClArendon-st.
Atkins, Robert, Esq., Terrace, Peckham-

rye, Surrey.
Attride, H., Esq., Jun., Nunhead, Surrey.

Bailey, Wm. Huntly, Esq., Maida-yale
Baldiston, F. Esq., Croydon.
Barker, Geo., Esq., Bath-road, New-cross.
Barrell, Thos., Esq.,Keynsham, Somerset.
Barton, Jno., Esq., 73, Hamilton-terrace,

St. John's-wood.
Barton, B. C, Esq., Solicitor, Lambeth.
Barton, Mr. W., Kennington.
Barton, Miss M. A., do.
Bate, Bobert, Esq., Bridgwater.
Bayntun, J., Esq., Camberwell.
Bentham, Bobert^ Esq., Nunhead.
Bentley, Jno., Esq., Hurlston, Limerick,

Leland.
Bentley, Bichard, Esq., Limerick, do.
Berriman, William, Esq., CamberwelL
Biden, W. D. Esq., 25, Qresham-street.
Bird, Wm.,E8q.,8oh'.,Vineyard,Uxbridge.
Bishop, Wm.,Esq.,Hanley-roai Homsey.
Black, W. H. Esq., 15, Mill-yard.
Blencowe, B. W. Esq., The Hooke, near

Lewes, Sussex.
Blow, William, Esq., Linden-grove, Nun-
head, 2 copUa,
Boys,Jacob,Esq.,60,€kl.-parade,Brighton.
Browne, C. T. Esq., 100, Sloane-street.
Burgess, Bev. Henry, LL.D., Clifton

S^nes, Newport Pagnell, Bucks.
Burge8s,Joseph InYillo,EBq.,Vestry Clerk,

Newington-butts.
Burgess, John, Esq., Eden House, Old

Kent-road.
Burls, Chas., Esq., BedHouae, Feokham-

rye.
Butler, John, Esq., Solicitor, Tooley-

street, Sonthwark.
Butterworth, Joshua W., Esq., F.S.A.,

Upper Tooting.
Buxton, Edward, Esq., Nunhead.

Calthrop, T.D., Esq., SoUcitor, WhitehaU-
place, 2 copiei,

Carr, Bev. Whitmore, A.M., 4, York-road,
Lambeth.

Cattams, Bichard, Esq., Solr., Mark-lane.

Chapman, W. Esq., Solicitor, Palace-
green, Bichmond.

Chester, Henry, Esq., Solicitor, Church-
row, Newington.

Clarke, William, Esq., Kennington-lane.

Clarke,J.,Esq.,Camden-villas,Hampstead.

Clarke, H., Esq., Solicitor., Church-row,
Newington.

Clarke, Miss M. A., Peckham-rye.

Cole, W. B., Esq., Barrister-at-Law, Inner
Temple. „

Cole, Mr. J., Albany-road, CamberwelL

Cooke, John W., Esq., Nunhead-green.

Corbett, C. J., Esq., Gracechurch-street.

Corderoy, John, Esq., 3, Kennmgton-
green.

Comwell, Dr. Loughborough-park Villa,
Brixton.

Cotsell, J. T. Head, Esq., St. Mary's-road,
Peckham, 3 copies.

Counsell, Henry, Esq., Grosyenor-place,
Camberwell New road.

Courthope, Wm., Esq., Barrister-at-Law,
Somerset fferald. College of Arms,
Doctors'-commons.

Couty, D., Esq., 5, China-terrace, Ken-
nington.

Cox, John, Esq., Kentish-town.

Craoknall,^tephen,EBq.,Barrister-at-Law,
3, New-fquarc, Lincoln's-inn.

Crocker, James, Esq., CUfton, Bristol, 2
copies.

Crossley, J. T. Esq., Belle Vue Lodge,
Beaufort-street, Chelsea.

Ourrie, Baikes, Esq,, Hyde-park-terrace.

Dalton, Jas., Esq., BeauUeu-villa, Peek-
ham-rye.

Dalby, W. J. Esq., 23, Newington-place,
Kennington.

DaTie8,Q^.Howels,Esq.,6,Lambeth.terrace.

Deacon, Mr., Camberwell-green.
Dickson, John, Esq., Linden-grove, Nun-

Dilley, J. J., Esq., High-street, Lambeth.

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LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.

Dodd, GnmUiaiii, R. Eiq., Solicitor, 26,

New Broad-street.
Doulton, Fredk., Esq., Dulwich-common.
Drake, T., Esq., Peokham-rye.
Dransfleld, MiIm, SttbitoD-Hoiue, Grore-

hill, Camberwell.
Dankin, Alfred Jn. Esq., Dartford, Kent
Duntse, Rear- Admiral, Woolwioh-eom.
Djer, J. Esq., Nunbead.
Dyer, R. T. Swinnerton, Esq.,21, Wdbei^-

street, Cayenduh-sqaare, 4 eopie$.

Ebury, The Right Hon. the Lord.
Satthope, J., Esq., Royal Dockyard,

Woolwioh.
EdBwll, Rey. H. Seymour, B JL, St. Giles',

Camberwell.
Edwards, Edward, Esq., Champion-hill,

CamborwelL
Ehn, G. R. Esq., British and Foreign

Sdiool Soci0ty,Borouffh-rd.Soathwark.
Eldndge, Wm., Esq., Barxister^at-Law,

Linooln's-inn.
E]liott,G«o. Peroy,Esq., Barrister-at-Law,

Streatham, and Lambeth Police Court.
Everett, Marisa, Esq., Camden-lodge,

Peokham.
Exeter, Samuel, Esq., Lambeth.

Farrar, Francis, Esq., Solicitor, Doctors'-
oonimons.

Faulooner, R. S. Esq., Walworth-road.

Few, Robert, Esq., Solicitor, Henrietta-
street, Covent-garden.

Fisher, Richard, Esq., Solicitor, Queen-
square, Bloomsbury.

Fit<^ J. G. Esq., M.A., Principal of the
Normal Training College, British and
Foreign School Society, Borough-road,
Southwark.

Flower, John Wickham, Esq., Solicitor,
Park-hill, Croydon.

Foord, T.J.,£sq., Solicitor, North-terrace,
Camberwell.

Ford, W. B. Esq., Modena Villas,
Peckham-rye.

Gibbons, Dayid, Esq., Barrister, Temple,

^eomeg,
Giraud, Richard Hery^ Esq., Solicitor,

FumiraVs-inn.
Goodwin,Charle8 Wm.,Esq.,Portsmouth-

place, Eennington.
Goodwin, Charles C, Esq., ditto.
Gould)Thos.,Esq.,Asylum-road,Peokham.
Grayes, Francis, Esq., Pall-maU.
Gtttch, J. J. W. Esq., Queen's-road, New-

oross.

Habershon, Ed., Esq., 38,Bloomsbury*sq.
Hammond, Wm., Esq., Prospect-place,
Peckham-iye.

Hanbuxy, Robt.,Esq., M.P. for ICiddleeex.
Harrison, Geo. H. Rogers, Esq., Wimdtor
Merald^ College of Arms.

Hardy, T.W.S.Ingram, Esq., H.R.C.S.B.,
Alb any -road, (SunbatweU.

Hart, Wm. Hy., Esq., F.S Jl, Folkestone-
house, RoupeU-park, Streatham.

HardwidE, P. C. Esq., 21, Cayendiah-sq.

Harker, Rey. Wm., M.A., Incumbent of
St. Barnabas, South Lambeth, 4 copiet.

Hawkins,Mr.A.,London-road,Soathwark.

Sawkale^, James Wilson, Esq., Bedfovds,
Hayermg^tte-Bower, Essex, 2 copie*.

Hawksley, James Taylor, Esq., Royal
AgrioiiltiuidCollege,Cireooester,2cofiM«.

Hennis, Wm. Howe, Esq., Colonel, Royal
ArtiUery.

Henries, R. C. J. Esq., St. Paul'a-groye,
Canonbunr.

Hicks, Mr. W., National Insurance Office.

Hill, Henry, Esq., J.P., TsttenhaD, Staf-
fordshire.

Hill, Akxander Stayeley, Esq., D.C.L.,
Barrister-at-Law, Temple.

Holmes, Geo. Esq., West-sq., Southwark.

Hooper, Jn., Esq., Solicitor, Barkam-ter-
race, Lambeth.

Hordem, Alex., Esq., M.A., Barrister-at-
Law, Temple, and Oxley Manor-house,
StafTordshoe, 2 eopiea»

Howel, J. W. Esq., Solicitor, Park-hill,
Croydon.

Hubbard, Wm., Esq., Nunhead, Surrey.

Hurlstone, Mr. Wm., Treasuror^s Office,
Inner Temple.

Husser, Rey. J.M*Connel, M.A.,Brixton-
road.

Hutchinson, A. B., Esq., 1, Kennington-
green.

Uiff, Wm. Tiffin, Esq., M.D., Canterbury-
place, Kennington.

Ingram, Mrs., St. James's-pL, New-cross.

Ingle, James, Esq., 8, St. Georges-place,
West Biixton, 2 oopietm-

Jessopp, Rev. John, M JL, Chaplain to
H.M. the King of the Brians, Ac

Johnson,JohnJames,Esq.,SoliGitor,I>uke-
street, Grosyenor-square.

Jones, W., Esq., Solicitor, St. Swithin's-L

Kingsmil],R0y.Joseph, Chaplain, Penton-
yme Prison.

Lance, Wm. Henry, Es^., Capt. late 7dth
Cameronians, Woolwich.

Langmead,T.P.,E8q.JUng'sCo]l.,London.

Latham, Mr. J. A., 84, Castle-stroet, Lei-
cester-square.

Le Blond, John, Esq., Prospect-place,
Peckham-rye.

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LIST OF SUBSCRlfiBRS.

Le Idem, Ht., Esq., Glerehuid-sq., Bow.
liiUey, Joseph, Esq., Solicitor, Peokham.
Long, Miss H., Twickenham.
Lowther, Fredk., Esq., ForeslrhiU, Kent

McBean, George, Esq., Gamberwell.
MaUet1;,W.a,B8q.,2,Walbrook-buiidingB.
Marsden, G-. M., Esq., Solicitor, Yes^

Clerk, Gamberwell, 2 eopie$,
Maugham, Robert, Esq., Solr., Secretary

of the Law Institute, Chancery-lane.
Maule, Henry St. John, Esq., The Hayes,

Newton St. Loe, near Bath.
Maule, Lieut. H.B.St.Jn.,Boyal Artillery.
Measom, T.,EBq., 17, Ghraoe(dmrch-street.
Meyrick, Wm., Esq., SoL, Storey*S'gate,

Gt. Qeorge-street, Westminster.
Meyler, Edward, Esq., 54, St. George's-

road, Southwark.
MiUedge, A., Esq., Inland Berenue Office.
Miller, Mr. W. H., 6, Bridge-road, West-
minster.
Millichap, G. T.,EBq., Liverpool, 2 copies.
Mills, Jas., Esq., Limington, Somerset, 2

copies.
Mordaunt, Chas., Esq., Lower Iforwood.
Morgan, Bet. Henry, Chaplain, Nunhead

Cemetery.

Newton, John^ Esq., Nunhead.

Nichols, John Gbugh, Esq., E.S.A., 28,
Upper Harley-street.

Norton, The Hon.G.C., Barrister-at-Law,
10, Wilton-place, Belgrayia^ and Lam-
beth Police Court.

Noldwritt, J. S. Esq., Secretary Walworth
Literary Institution.

Nunn, J., Esq., Paddington.

Nutting, Capt. T., Bye-hill, Peckham-rye.

Owen, Thos., Esq., SoL, Buoklersbury.

Patient,Jn.,Esq., Osmond-villa, Nunhead.
Perrin, Thos. Esq., Trinity-sq., Borough.
PhilUps,Ja8.Percy,E8q.,SoI,Peokham-rye.
Plowman, Mr. Jas., Tottenham-court-rd.
Pole, C. CSiandos, Esq., Barrister-at-Law,

Temple.
Pollard, James Prince, Esq., 51, Upper

John*s-street, Fitzroy-square.
Pott6r,Mr.,Commercial-rd.,NewPeckham.
Pottag^ W. Esq. King's College, London.
Pritchard,Hy.,Bsq.,EMton-TilU,Peokham.
Fusey, Philip, Esq., Nunhead.

Bead, Alex., Esq., Nunhead.

Beid, Thomas, Esq., Bye-hill.

Bennells, C.,Esq.,Peckham-rye, 2 copies.

Beynolds, Mr., Broad-street, City.

Bichards, T., Esq., Ashby-villas, Marquis-
road, Canonbnry.

Boberts, George, Esq., Wortley Hooae,
Worthing.

Boberts, WiUiam Baohe, Esq., Audit-
office, Somerset-house.

Bogers, George, Esq., Bank of London,
West Strand*

Bothschild, The Baron Lionel de, 2 copies.

Boupell, William, Esq., M.P., Boup^^-
park, Brixton, Surrey.

Bowe, Mr., Dorking, 8 copies.

Sadgrove, Wm. Harry, Esq., Solicitor,
Mark-lane.

Sadgrove, F., Esq., Plumstead-common.

Sandall, W. Blandford, Esq., Gladstone-
place, St. George's-road.

St. John, Horace, Esq., Yineyard, Bioh-
mond.

Sargent, George Frederick,Esq.,Beaufort-
buildings. Strand.

Saunders, B. Esq., British and Foreign
School Society, Borough-rd. Southwark.

Seaman, Charles, £sq.,Bye-lane, Peckham.

Sex, G. Esq., Nunhead.

Sharpe, Joseph, Esq., Inland Bevenne
Office, 2 copies.

Shattock, Mark, Esq., New-cross,

Single, Thomas, Esq., Bath House^ New-
cross.

Sissmore, H. T. Esq., M.A.S., 27, High-
street, Guildford.

Slade, Felix, Esq., Lambeth.

Smith, Wm. Hy., Esq., Lyndhurst-road.

Smith, Charles, Esq., SoUdtor, Linden-
grove, Nunhead.

Smyth, Mr. J. L. N., Strand.

Snooke, W. Esq., Duke-street, Borouffh.

Soper, James, Esq., Linden-grove, Nun-

Steedman, Mrs., Walworth-road.
Stokoe,B.,Esq.,M.B.C.S.E.,Peckham-iye.
Stradling, Wm., Esq., Boseville, Chilton

Polden, Bridgwater, Somerset.
Straker, Samuel, Esq., Peckham-rye.
Surrey Arohieological Society, The.

Tanswell, Mrs. Elizabeth, widow of Lieut.
M. B. Tanswell, Boyal Horse Artilleiy,
Woolwich.

Taswell, Geo. Morris, Esq., St. Martin's,
Canterbury.

Taswell, Wm., Esq., late Capt. Glouces-
tershire Yeomanry, Green-park, Bath.

Taswell, Bev. George, Canterbuir.

Taswell, Capt. Edw., Boyal Artilleiy.

Tatlqck,Thos.F.,Esq.,TheLodge,Bye-lan^.

TavRlr, G., Esq., Bairister-at-Law, Inner

Taylor, Stephen Tanswell, Esq., St. Mark's

College, Chelsea.
Taybr, Thomas, Esq., Euston-square.
Tayler, Wm.,Bsq.,l7,Park-Bt.,Ghrosvenor-

square.

f

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LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.

TuewttU, Benjamm Bradford, CSuItcm
Folden, Brioffwater, Somenet.

Tuewdl, Hon. littieton Waller, Norfolk,
Virginia, IJ.S.

Tasewell, James, Esq., M.B.O.S.E., Stur-
minfltar-Kewtoxi, Donet.

Tasewell, Miss, Sturminster.

Teuloii,S.S.B8q.,9,Craig'8-ooiirt,Charmg-
croes.

Thomas, Hj*. John, Esq., Linden-groTe,
Nunhead.

Thompson, Mrs. H., Lorrhnore-square.

Thome, John, Esq., Mawhey House^
South Lambeth.

Tidswell, Rd. T. S., Esq., Barrister-at-
Law, Lmer Temple.

Timothy, David, Esq., York-grove, New-
cross.

Timbs, John, Esq., F.S.A., 88, Sloane-st.

Tootell, E., Esq., Eennington-park.

Tresidder, John Edw., Esq., GamberwelL

Trimmer, T. T. Esq., Peckham-rye.

Urqohart, W., Esq., 481, Oxford-street.

Yaile^ William, Esq., Eleming-road, Wal-
worth.

Walmsley, H3., Esq., 109, Westboume-

terraoe, Hyde-park, 2 copiet.
Ware, G^rge, Esq., Blackman-street
Waters, Mrs., GamberwelL
Watkins, Benj. Fox, Esq., The Terraoe,

Peckham-rye.
Watson, W. H., Esq., Sol., Bonrerie-st.
Webb, Qeo. Bish, Esq., Hon. Sec. Surrey

Ardueological Society.

Weir, Harrison, Esq., Lyndhurst-roadt

Peckham.
Whimper, E. Esq^ Moore-place, Lambeth.
Whimper, Jno., Esq., Eennington.
Whitehead, Rev.WilL, M.A., Camberwell-

SfTOve.
Whitmore, 0. S., Esq., Judge, County

Court, Lambeth.
Wibrow, Horatio, Esq., GamlierwelL
Wilkins,Wm.,EBq.,M.R.O.S.E., 1, North-
orescent, Bedford-square.
Wilks, Dr., St. Thomas's-street, Borough.
Wilks, Mrs., Sydenham-hiU.
Williams, Gen. Sir Wm. Fenwick, Bart.,

of Ears, E.G.B., M.P., Commandant

Boyal Artillery, Woolwich.
Williams, George Thos., Esq., Barnster-

at-Law, Inner Temple, ana Limington

Manor-house, Somerset.
Williams, Frederic G. A., Esq., B.A., Bar-

rister-at-Law, Old-sq., Lincoln's-inn.
Willifans,Bev.T.Lockyer,BJL,Pai8onage,

Porthleaven, near Helstone, Com wall.
Winstone, B., Esq., Ely-place, Holbom.
Wire, D. W., Esq., Alderman, Solicitor,

Stone-house, Lewisham, Kent.
Woods, J., Esq., Nunhead.
Woodwurd,Rev.Henry,Eennington-park-

terrace.
Wooster, Thomas, Esq., Nunhead.
Wrag^e, Ghas. Jno., Esq., Sol., Hampton,

Middlesex.
Wri|;ht, Ja8.,E8q.,Solicitor, New-inn, and

Richmond, 2 copies,
Wright, Jos. Homsby, Esq., Solicitor, St.

Swithin*s-lane.

s^

loMDOi* : r. PicKTON, jPrinter, Peny*» Place, 29, Oxford Street. V^

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JUL 7 - 1931

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